— C Ld Werth U, S. Matronel Museum. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. CONTRIBUTIONS THE U.S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. _ Vol. TLI. — REPORTS ON COLLECTIONS, REVISIONS OF GROUPS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS, REVISIONS OF NORTH AMERICAN GRAMINEA AND CACTACEA, STUDIES OF SPECIAL GROUPS, AND CATALOGUES OF PLANTS COLLECTED IN NEBRASKA, IDAHO, SOUTH DAKOTA, KANSAS, WYOMING, ALASKA, AND MEXICO, WITH GEOGRAPHIC REPORTS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW GENERA AND SPECIES. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1892-1896, NOTE. The nine numbers of Vol, II] of the Contributions were issued as follows: No. 1, pp. 1 to 90, February 25, 1892. No. 2, pp. 91 to 132, June 10, 1894. No. 3, pp. 183 to 201, September 14, 1895. No. 4, pp. 205 to 288, November 23, 1895. No. 5, pp. 289 to 24, December 14, 1895, No. 6, pp. 325 to 354, January 15, 1896. oe No. 7, pp. 355 to 462, April 1, 1896. No. 8, pp. 463 to 536, June 13, 1896. No. 9, pp. 537 to 612, August 5, 1896. ERRATA AND ADDENDA. Page 153. After ‘‘ KUHNISTERA CANDIDA OCCIDENTALIS Rydberg,” insert the descrip- tion beginning at fourth line from bottom of p. 154. Page 167. Line 18, for “Plate I” read ‘Plate II.” Page 180, Transpose ‘ Leptorchis loeselii,” etc., with preceding line. Page 212, facing. In legend of Plate III, for ‘‘saANDBERGU * read ‘‘ LEIBERGIL.” Page 229. Under Lonicera utahensis, for “‘ Waha” read ‘‘ Lake Waha.” Page 230, Under Gutierrezia euthamie, strike out first sentence. Page 275. After Hylocomium robustum, insert: Hylocomium squarrosum (L. ) Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Eur. t. 492 (1851-1855); Hypnum squarrosum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1127 (1753). Hope, Kootenai County, August (No, 1125). Page 463. First line of text, after ‘‘May 26,” insert * 1892.” Line 13 of text, for oY ‘July 7” read ‘ June 7. II 589.773 »USS / 0th Se ¢ Bol. PREFATORY NOTE. . . . . ~ ~ In the act of Congress making appropriation for the Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889, provision was—__ made for botanical exploration and the collecting of plants in little- known districts of America, in connection with the United States National Herbarium; and since that time a similar provision bas been made annually. Asa partial result of these appropriations, the Divi- sion of Botany has issued heretofore three completed volumes, I, II, and IV, of a series of publications entitled Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. The present volume consists chiefly of reports on the collections made by agents of the Department of Agri- culture under the acts mentioned. FREDERICK V. COVILLE, Botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Curator, U. S. National Herbarium. Ill CONTENTS. Monograph of the Grasses of the United States and British America. [Part I.] By George Vasey .... .----- ------ 022220 oer eee rece cere crc re nets sete Preliminary revision of the North American species of Cactus, Anhalonium, and Lophophora. By John M. Coulter...--..---------+--+-+----25rececctee Flora of the Sand Hills of Nebraska. By P. A. Rydberg-.-.-.-.----.---------- Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandberg and assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892. By John M. Holzinger...--..----.------- Report on Mexican Umbellifere, mostly from the State of Oaxaca, recently collected by C.G. Pringle and KE. W. Nelson, By John M. Coulter and J.N. ROS... oe eee eee eee cee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee cee tee eee ee re eeee Descriptions of plants, mostly new, from Mexico and the United States. By JN. Rose 2.2.2. eee cee ee ee cee cee ee ene cee renner cece ee racer ceenes Botany of Yakutat Bay, Alaska: 1. Field Report. By Frederick Funston.-........... pees a sseee senses eee 2, Botanical Report. By Frederick Vernon Coville.......--------------- Preliminary revision of the North American species of Echinocactus, Cereus, and Opuntia. By John M. Coulter ...--..-------+-+--+----+2++-+-rrr rrr Flora of the Black Hills of South Dakota. By P. A. Rydberg ...------------- Report on a collection of plants made by C. H. Thompson in southwestern Kansas in 1893. By A. S. Hitchcock ...--.---.-------- +--+ -----8 eect cree Crepis occidentalis and its allies. By Frederick V. Coville .....--.---------- Plants from the Big Horn Mountains of Wyoming. By J.N. Rose...--..----- Leibergia, a new genus of Umbellifere from the Columbia River region. By John M. Coulter and J. N. Rose. ....-. ------ --- 22 2 eee eee eee eee eee Roseanthus, a new genus of Cucurbitace:e from Acapulco, Mexico. By Alfred Cogniaux, Verviers, Belgium........---------+-+--2+ cere tere cre cet LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. Plate I. Map of part of the sand-hill region of Nebraska, illustrating the route of P. A. Rydberg in 1893........---.------------+--------5- I Il. Carduus plattensis Rydberg......-.-.------- 20-20-22 e eee eee eee 167 III. Cardamine leibergit Holzinger.....----....----+----- +--+ +--+ 222s eee 212 IV. Viola orbieulata Geyer ......---.------ +--+ 2-2 eee ee eee ee eee eee 214 V. Coarana purpurea Coulter & Rose ....-.------ ---+ +++ + 2222-25 ee eee 297 VI. Deanea nudicaulis Coulter & Rose .......------+- +--+ +--+ ---- 227+ 298 VII. Neoqoezia gracilipes Hemsley........--.------ +--+ 0-222 eee ce reer 305 VIII. Neogoczia minor Hemsley -. .------------- Lea eee eee ce eens cece ees 306 IX. Neonelsonia ovata Coulter & Rose.....----...---- - 222 ee ee eee eee 307 X. Osmorrhiza mexicana Grisel)...........-.2---- 0-0-0 eee eee eee eee 307 XI. Mimosa spirocarpa Rose ......-------- +--+ 22-20-22 tre crete 316 XII. Ligusticum verticillatum (Hook.) Coulter & Rose...-..-------------- 320 XIII. Ligusticum eastwoode Coulter & Rose ....-.------ +--+ +25 222025 e+ > 320 XIV. Velaa glauca Coulter & Rose ......-..------ +--+ +++ - 2 ere ee eee e cee 321 XV. Thurovia triflora Rose ......---. ---- 2-22 eee eee eer eee 321 XVI. Tradescantia brevifolia (Torr.) Rose ........-..----. -----2 2-22 ee eee 323 XVII. Map of the Black Hills........-...---.---- +--+ ---- ee ee cere eee eee I XVID. Aquilegia brevistyla Wook .....----- +--+ +. 02-222 225 eee e ee cece ce 481 XIX. Aquilegia sarimontana Rydberg .....------+---- +--+ 222225 e erro 482 XX. Poa pseudopratensis Scribner & Rydherg ..-------------+--+-+------ 532 XXT. Crepis occidentalis Nutt .....--------- 2-22 222-2 erect eee eee 560 XXII. Crepis monticola Coville ......-.---------+ +--+ 22+ peer rete eee nee 562 XXII]. Crepis subacaulis (Kellogg) Coville... ....--.------------+----5-0- . 662 XXIV. Crepis scopulorum Coville ........2-..---- +22 2-2-2222 rere 563 XXV. Crepis rostrata Coville .....2-..------ 02-2 +--+ +222 eee eee eee 564 XXVI. Crepis barbigera Leiberg .-...---.----- +--+ ---- +222 errr tere 565 XXVIII. Leibergia orogenivides Coulter & Rose ...--..-.--- +--+ +22 22225 -- >> 5TO XXVIII. Roseanthus albiflorus Cogniaux ......-- ----- 222-22 eee eee eee eee 577 VIL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. CONTRIBUTIONS . FROM THE U. 8. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Vol. Hl. No. 14. ISSUED FEBRUARY 25, 1892. MONOGRAPH OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH AMERICA. BY DR. GEO. MISSOESR; BoT AWNTisc A. BOTANIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, pea ee oo PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, November 20, 1891. Str: I have the honor of herewith presenting for publication the first number of the ‘‘Gragses of the United States and British America.” Respectfully, GEORGE VASEY, Botanist. Hon. J. M. Rusk, Secretary. HI INTRODUCTION. For a long time the botanists of this country have felt the want of a general work on the grasses of the United States. For several years I have had such a work in contemplation, and now venture to present to the public the first part of the same. It has been prepared in con- nection with numerous official duties, and is not in all respects as com- plete as I could wish it to be. There are many difficulties of identifica- tion and synonymy, particularly respecting the grasses of the Pacific coast and of our southwestern boundary. A number of these have been named from descriptions of some of the old botanical explorers without access to the original types. Botanists in general know the difficulty of identification from the commonly brief descriptions of writers, and they will not be surprised if many changes or modifications will be needed whenever it is possible to examine the original specimens. I wish to return thanks to Prof. Edw. Hackel, of St. Poelten, Aus- tria, for the privilege of making such use as I found convenient of the analytic tables in his excellent work on “ The ‘Lrue Grasses,” as trans- lated by Scribner and Southworth. A complete synopsis of the tribes and genera will appear with the second part of this work. I hope to follow this part within a few months with the remaining portion of the work, and in the meantime solicit from botanists notes, criticisms, or information such as they may deem worthy of attention. Gro. VASEY, WaASHINGLON, November 20, 1891. Vv NATURAL ORDER GRAMINEA, Flowers hermaphrodite, or unisexual. Stamens usually 3 in a whorl, rarely by abortion reduced to 2, or 1, or by duplication raised to many. Ovary entire, 1-celled, 1-ovuled; usually with two, rarely one or three styles, free or united at the base. Fruit a small seed-like nut or eary- opsis, the thin membranaceous pericarp usually closely adnate to the seed, in a few genera free and loosely surrounding the seed. Embryo small on one side of the base of the albumen. The floral organs in the axils of enveloping chaff-like scales or bracts, the one usually in- closing the flower called a palet, usually 2- rarely 1-nerved; another scale standing opposite this and usually more or less completely inclosing it called the flowering or floral glume, usually 3- to many-nerved.—Usually one to several minute scales called lodicules between the glume or palet and ovary; these, together with the palet, sometimes wanting. The parts above enumerated constitute a spikelet, which may be solitary, and inclosed by another pair of bracts called empty glumes, or there may be two to many spikelets, alternating on a rachis with a pair, or sometimes several empty glumes below, the whole constituting a several- or many-flowered spikelet. The spikelets may be variously grouped in spikes, racemes, or panicles, Grasses are usually herbaceous, erect, or decumbent, or creeping and rooting at the lower nodes, sometimes suffrutescent, shrubby, or arbo- rescent, the culms usually hollow between the closed nodes. Leaves al- ternate, parallel veined, usually long and narrow, sheathing the stem at their base, often having at the top of the sheath within a scarious or ciliate appendage called a ligule. SYNOPSIS OF TRIBES AND GENERA. 1. Tribe MAYDEZE. Inflorescence moncecious, spicate, the male and female spikes dis- tinct and on different parts of the plant or connected; when connected tue male flowers occupying the upper portion of the spike or spikes, and the female or fertile flowers the lower part. The genus Coix is frequently cultivated under the name of Job’s tears. 12974—No. 1——_1__ [Feb. 25, 1892]. 1 —_—_— 2 The genus Huchlana is cultivated in the South as a forage plant under the name of Teosinte. The genus Zea, species mays, is commonly and extensively culti- vated throughout the country, and is known as maize or Indian corn. As natives of this tribe we have only the genus Tripsacum. 2. Tribe ANDROPOGONE A. Spikelets in racemes or spikes, most commonly in twos, occasionally in threes, at each joint of the (usually) articulate rachis, one sessile and one pediceled, or the terminal ones in threes. Spikelets homoga- mous or heterogamous, generally 1-flowered, with 3 empty glumes; first empty glume more indurated than the inner ones, and than the flowering glume, the latter often hyaline and bearing a bent or twisted awn. Palet usually minute, sometimes absent. Stamens 3, rarely 2 or 1. Style free, stigma plumose. GROUP 1. Spikelets in spike-like racemes, awnless, generally in pairs in alter- nate notches of the generally articulate rachis: one, rarely two, sessile and fertile, more or less imbedded in an excavation of the rachis, the other pediceled and sterile. A. General rachis not deeply indented at the joints..... one neeee ELIONURUS, 6 B. General rachis deeply indented or excavated at the joints. I. Spikes more than an inch long; sessile spikelets flat or convex. ROTTBELLIA, 7 II, Spikes less than an inch long ; sessile spikelets small and globular. MANISURIS, 7 GROUP 2. Spikelets in pairs or threes, one sessile and fertile, and one or two pediceled, male, empty or defective, arranged in spikes or loose race- mose panicles, the flowering glume of the sterile flower commonly awned. A. Sessile spikelets male, the pedicellate one perfect.........-- TRACHYPOGON, 7 B. Sessile spikelets perfect, the pedicellate one male ...-. .---- HETEROPOGON, 8 Group 3. Inflorescence paniculate, consisting of many spike-like racemes of numerous joints; spikelets in pairsor threes, the sessile one fertile, usually awned, the pedicellate one either fertile, male or imperfect. Axis of the racemes distinctly articulate (usually bearded). A. Spikelets in pairs along one side of a simple spike, or of the spike-like branches of a simple panicle.......--....--2. .2-22. eee ANDROPOGON, 9 B. Spikelets in single or few pairs on the branches of a more or less compound panicle 3 I. Panicle loose, the branches not sessile. * Outer glumes membranaceous or narrow and rigid, with 2 prominent lateral 4 gia, NETVES .. 0222 2 ee ee ee ee ee cee eens CHRYSOPOGON, 9 ** Outer glumes when in fruit hard, smooth, and shining .......-..SORGHUM, 13 II. Panicle strict, the branches sessile. * Spikelets in pairs, awned, both perfcct....-.....---+----0------- ERIANTHUS, 8 ** Spikelets in pairs, awnless......-. 222-24. - eee eens eee eee eee eee IMPERATA, 8 3. Tribe ZOYSIAE. Spikelets in groups of two to five, usually 1-flowered, the tlowering glume always awnless, membranaceous; the empty glumes of firmer texture and frequently awned. A. Two outer spikelets male, each 2-flowered, the inner spikelet perfect, 1-flowered .-.--. 22 ce ee ee eee cere ee cee eee teen eee eee wees HILARIA, 13 B. Lowest spikelet of each group sterile, terminal one fertile, 1-flowered, with delicate glumes . .....-.--.-----+----+----2- --- 2 eee eee eee ZEGOPOGON, 14 C. Uppermost spikelet of each group sterile, second empty glume coriaceous, with hooked spines on the back....-..--..------.-.+..--.---.TRaGUS, 15 4, Tribe PANICE A. Spikelets 1- or occasionally 2- flowered, the second flower male or neutral (very rarely perfect) in the axis of the third glume, arranged in spikes, racemes, or panicles; flowering glume and palet of the perfect flower always firmer in texture than the empty glumes, unawned; empty glumes rarely awned. A. Spikelets all perfect (hermaphrodite), neither sunken in an excavation in the rachis nor subtended by a large leaf-sheath. I. Empty glume 1........---- +2226 eee eee eee eee ce eee eee eee eee REIMARIA, 15 II. Empty glumes 2; perfect flowers single. * Spikelets with a swollen, ring-like callus at the base......-...- ERIOCHLOA, 21 ** Spikelets without a swollen callus at the base. + Spikelets sessile, or nearly so, in one-sided spikes, these frequently in pairs or panicles.........2.. 2-2 e222 ee eee ee eee cee ee ee eee eee PaspaLuM, 15 + Spikelets not sessile in one-sided spikes, but in panicles, and pedicellate. (a) All the spikelets alike in terminal panicles............ ANTHZNANTIA, 20 (b) Spikelets of two kinds; first, the sterile, borne on a terminal panicle; second, the fertile, borne on short subterranean branches. AMPHICARPUM, 20 II. Empty glumes 3, perfect flowers 1, or a flowering glume with male flowers instead of the third empty glume. * First and second empty glumes without a distinct callus, awnless. . -PaNIcUM, 22 ** First and second empty glumes awned............----..----- OPLISMENUS, 37 IV Spikelets single or in pairs, subtended by an invelucre consisting of from one to many bristles or spines (sterile branches), which are sometimes grown together. * Spikelets falling at maturity; bristles persistent.......... 22.2.2... SETARIA, 37 ** Involucral bristles falling off with the spikelets at maturity. + Bristles numerous, rigid, thickened at the base, frequently grown together. CENCHRUS, 39 £ Bristles usually numerous, apparently whorled, delicate, not thickened at the base, often plumose ...... 0.2.22. 0.020. cece eee eee eee eee PENNISETUM, 39 B. Spikelets without bristles, sunken into cavities of the one-sided broad rachis of the short spikes...... 0.2... 2.22 cee ee eee eee eee cee eee STENOTAPHRUM, 40 4 5. Tribe ORYZE A. Spikelets perfect or unisexual, 1-flowered ; flowers apparently termi- nal and inclosed by a flowering glume and a palet, which is usually l-nerved. Empty glumes 2 or more, very seldom numerous. Stamens frequently 6, sometimes more. Stigmas more or less elongated ; fruit with a small embryo and a long linear hilum. A. Spikelets unisexual ; planta monecious ; anthers 6 or more. I. Spikelets in short, solitary spikes, terminal and axillary .... HYDROCHLOA, 40 II. Spikelets in panicles, not in pairs at the nodes of the panicle, without empty glumes. * Female spikelets ovate or elliptical; embryo many times longer than the fruit. + Male and female spikelets in different panicles, rarely in the same, and then the male spikelets terminal on each branch..-..........---- Luzioua, 40 + Male and female spikelets in the same panicle, the female terminal, the male at the base of each branch...-..--...---.----..----- ZIZANIOPSIS, 41 II. Spikelets linear; embryo as long as the fruit; the upper branches female, the lower male. .-..-- ..2eee . 2 eens cece cone ne ween eee eee cannes ZIZANIA, 41 B. Spikelets all perfect ; arranged in panicles, I. Empty glumes 2, short but distinet, awnless; flowering glume and palet much compressed laterally ........-.. 0.02.20 eee ee cece ee eee cee eee ORYZA, 41 LU. Empty glumes wanting or only minute rudiments; flowering glumes awn- less .......--.-. fee cree eee cement eee cee e ne cee es ees LEERSIA, 41 6. Tribe PHALARIDEAS, Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal flower, with the addition of 2 male or imperfect ones, or 1 or 2 sterile glumes or pedicels below the per- fect flower and above the lower pair of empty glumes. Rachilla not prolonged beyond the fertile flower. Palet or its substitute, with a central nerve or none, laterally compressed. A. A pair of small glumes or bracts, 1 on each side of the perfect flower. PHALARIS, 42 B. Perfect flower small; on each side an awned empty glume, which is larger than the perfect flower ..............2....0-2. ----- ANTHOXANTHUM, 43 C. Third and fourth glumes, or at least the third, with a male flower almost equaling the first and second, awnless or short awned..... HIEROCHLOE, 43 7. Tribe AGROSTIDEA. Spikelets 1-flowered, sometimes with a rachilla or rudiment of a second flower, very rarely 2-flowered; empty glumes 2, very rarely wanting, usually as long as, or sometimes shorter, or even longer than the floral glumes; palet 2-nerved. (1) Subtribe STIpPE.z. Flowering glume indurated at maturity or at least firmer in texture than the empty glumes, very closely inclosing the flowers and fruit, and (except in Milium) with a simple or trifid awn from the apex, and (ex- cept in Milium) with a callus at the base. 5 (1) Awn usually trifid, the branches divaricate...........-... we eeeeeeee ARISTIDA, 44 (2) Awn simple, twisted ; callus mostly acute............--.-------------- Sripa, 49 (3) Awn simple, straight, deciduous; callus short, obtuse. ............ ORYZOPSIS, 55 (4) Awn wanting; flowering glume without a callus ..-..-.20-- 2.2.0.2. MILIUM, 56 (2) Subtribe HUAGROSTE. Glumes membranaceous, the lower rarely strongly conduplicate, the floral one with or without a dorsal awn; sometimes with a minute or con- spicuous rudiment. (1) Spikelets strongly conduplicate; palet l-nerved; stamen 1; sometimes with a rudiment.... ..---. 2-2-2222 eee eee eee eee eee eee peewee cee CINNA, 57 (2) Flowering glume 1- (rarely 3-) nerved; grain loosely inclosed or naked; no rudi- MONE 2. 2.2. eee eee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee cece cee eee SPOROBOLUS, 59 (3) Empty glumes long-awned ; no rudiment ....-... 2... -...-----. POLYPOGON, 57 (4) Empty glumes chartaceous and hairy; flowering glume strongly awned under the apex ; rudiment present...--. 2. 2c ee eee ee ee ee THURBERIA, 58 (5) Flowers large, spicate or closéiy panicled ; not awned ..--...--. EPICAMPES, 58 (6) Flowers large, panicle contracted; Arctic grasses........---. ARCTAGROSTIS, 59 (7) Floral glume mucronate or awned from the apex; no rudiment. MUHLENBERGIA, 64 (8) Empty glumes minute; floral glume large and with a short awn; rachilla much prolonged and terminated by a minute rudiment ........ BRACHYELYTRUM, 71 (9) Empty glumes longer than the floral glume; rarely with a minute rudi- MeNt. .-.. eee eee ee ee ce ee eee eee cee eee teens AGROSTIS, 72 (10) Floral glume with a delicate awn. below the apex, many times longer than the glume .. 0... 22. eee ee ee ee ee eee ee cee cee ne eee APERA, 78 (11) Empty glumes saccate at the base, many times longer than the floral glume «2.2.2. 0.2.2. eee eee eee ce ne eee ee cee ces GASTRIDIUM, 78 (12) Flowers generally with many fine hairs from the callus at the base and with a hairy rudiment; the floral glume and palet (except in section Calamovilfa) thin and membranaceous. .. 2.2. 22-2. ee eee ee cee ee eee CALAMAGROSTIS, 73 (13) Floral glume and palet chartaceous; floral glume awnless; panicle spike- like. .........20..--6-.- we ee eee eee ee eee eens AMMOPHILA, 85 (3) Subtribe PHLEOIDE 4. Flowering glume usually hyaline or membranaceous at maturity, at least more delicate than the empty glumes; grain loosely or not at all inclosed. A. Spikelets in a spikelike panicle, I, Awns none; spikes short and scarcely exserted ...-.....--.- HELEOCHLOA, 85 II. Glumes somewhat truncate, mucronate, or short-awned, spike cylindric. PHLEUM, 86 III. Empty glumes united at the base, the floral one awned on the back; palet none; spike cylindric ....... 2.2 eee eee ee ee eee eee wees ALOPECURUS, 386 IV. Lower glumes with 2awnlike teeth, the upper with 1 -.......... Lycurus, 88 B. Spikelets minute; empty glumes wanting, the floral usually deciduous. COLEANTHUS, 88 C. Spikelets in a narrow panicle ; empty glume short......--...----- Puiprpsia, 89 TRIPSACUM Linn. Flowers monecious in jointed spikes, the upper part male and the lower female. The upper or male spikelets sessile, in pairs at each joint of the triangular rachis; each spikelet with 2 membranaceous male 6 flowers, the outer glumes coriaceous or rigid. The pistillate spikelets single and embedded in the joints of the thickened cartilaginous rachis, 2-flowered, the upper flower fertile, the lower neutral; the outer empty elume thickened and cartilaginous, the inner much thinner and pointed ; the flowering glumes and palets thin and scarious. At maturity the rachis breaks up at the joints with the embedded spikelets. 1. Tripsacum dactyloides Linn. (GaMaqrass), (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 636.) Culms tufted, 4 to 6 feet high, thick and stout ; leaves coarse, 1 to 2 feet long, 1 inch wide; spikes 2to 4 together at the apex, and sometimes lor 2 lateral ones, 4 to 8 inches long, rigid, the lower one-fourth pistillate, the upper staminate; spikelets 4 to 5 lines long, as long as or longer than the internodes.—In rich low ground, Connecticut to Missouri and southward to Florida and Texas. Var. MONOSTACHYUM (T. monostachyum Willd). Culms 1 to 24 feet high; cauline leaves short (5 to 8 inches), one-half inch wide, long-attenuated at upex; spike single, terminal, 4 to 6 inches long ; spikelets nearly as in T. dactyloides, the pistillate part consisting of about 8 joints.—Connecticut to Missouri and southward to Florida and Texas. G. C, Nealley in Texas (Ballinger County ?). 2. T. Floridanum Porter in Herb. Culms 2 to4 feet high, slender, leaves 2 feet long, narrow and rigid; spike single, terminal, 6 to 10 inches long, stiffly erect, more slender than the preceding; spikelets smaller and more numerous, two-ranked, the pistillate part short.—Florida (4. P. Garber) and Texas (G. CU. Nealley). 3. Lemmoni Vasey. Culms 4 to 5 feet high, less robust than in 7. dactyloides, the leaves longer, narrower, and more rigid, becoming somewhat involute, scabrous on the margins, otherwise smooth; spikelets terminal and lateral, the upper in clusters of 5, the lateral in pairs or single, the male part 3 to 34 inches long, the female part 24 to 3 inches; the malé part slender, the spikelets 3 lines long; the female part about 2 lines wide, somewhat flattened or angular, of 12 to 15 joints, each about 2 lines long.— Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (J. G. Lemmon). This species is near T. fasciculatum ‘lrin., of Mexico, but is less robust, with much narrower leaves. That also has much laxer and longer male spikes, ita spikelets 2 lines long; the female spikelets shorter. COIS Linn. Culm repeatedly branched, the branches ending in an inflorescence, which consists of (at the base) one or two globose ivory-like capsules with an orifice at the top from which projects a number of male spike- lets in pairs. The globose capsule with one or two sterile spikelets. The capsule is formed by a condensation of the sheath of the leaf at the base of the female inflorescence. The species C. lachryma is occasionally cultivated in this country, and is occasionally found escaped from eultivation. It is called Job’s tears, and is originally from China and India. ELIONURUS H. B. K. Spike cylindrical, rachis grooved, white-hairy, the sessile spikelet with one perfect flower, the pediceled one sterile. Glumes 4, all awn- less, the lower one usually the largest and thickest, keeled near the margin on each side, and with a row of balsam cells under each keel, second rather smaller and thinner, the third and fourth hyaline. Sta- meus 3. Styles distant, stigmas plumose. T l. BE. tripsacoides H.B.K. (Andropogon Nuttalli Chapm.; Rottbelia ciliata Nutt.) (Chapu:., FloraS. U. States, p.580.) Culms 3 to 4 feet high, stout, erect, smooth; leaves linear, smooth; spikes terminal and lateral, 3 to 5 inches long, on long peduncles; rachis and pedicel of sterile flower white-ciliate; outer glumes hispid-ciliate near the margin.—Florida to Texas and Mexico, 2. B. barbiculmis Hack. (Andropogon candidus Torr. in Herb.) (Vasey, Grasses of the Southwest, Pl. 15.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, white-ciliate at the nodes, pubescent below, more slender than the preceding; radical leaves numerous, almost capillary, about half as long as the culm, ciliate-margined; spikes mostly terminal, 3 to 4 inches long; rachis, pedicels, and first and second glumes white villous.—Texas, Arizona and Mexico. ROTTBCULLIA Linn. f. Culms erect, spikes terminal, or terminal and lateral, cylindrical or slightly compressed, joints of the rachis and pedicels thickened, first or outer empty glume coriaceous, covering the excavation in the rachis, joints of rachis and spikelet usually naked. (a) Joints of rachis readily disarticulating. 1. R. cylindrica Chapm. (Tripsacum cylindricum Michx.) (Chapm. FI, S. States, p- 579.) Culms slender, terete, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves narrowly linear; spikes mostly terminal and curved, 2 to 6 inches long, 1 line in diameter, purplish; spikelets as long as the internode; lower glume obtuse, obscurely pitted, sterile spikelet rudi- mentary.—Florida to Texas, 2. R. rugosa Nutt. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 579.) Culms compressed, 2 to 4 feet high, smooth; leaves long, linear spikes numerous (5 to 15), mostly on long pedicels 2 to 6 inches long; spikelets sessile, about equaling the joints; lower empty glume transversely rugose and sometimes reticulated.—Delaware, Florida to Texas. 3. R. corrugata Baldw. (Chapm. FI. 8, States, p. 579.) Peduncles mostly single, elongated; spikes slightly compressed, erect; spikelets longer than the joint.— Southern States, near the coast. Var. AREOLATA Hack.—Alabama (Dr. Charles Mohr). (6) Joints of rachis persistent or tardily disjointing. 4, R. fasciculata Lam, Ill. 1. 204. (Hemarthria fasciculata Kth.) Culms angular or compressed, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves short; spikes mostly fassicled, 2 to 4 inches long, compressed, not rigid, from numerous lateral branches; pedicel of the stam- inate spikelet adnate to the rachis,—Southwestern Texas (Havard, Nealley). MANISURIS Swartz. Spikelets small, in pairs; the sessile or perfect spikelet 1-flowered, globose, inflated, pitted externally; the pedicellate spikelets flat, male or empty, their pedicels grown to the rachis. 1. M. granularis Swartz. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 580.) Culms 1 to 24 feet high; much branched below; leaves 1 to 4 inches long, the sheaths pubescent or scabrous, inflated, blade ciliate on the margins; spikes numerous, lateral and ter- minal, about | inch long, closely flowered ; spikelets less than 1 line long.—Florida to Texas and Mexico, near the coast. TRACHYPOGON Nees. Spikes or spikelike raceme solitary and terminal. Axis of the spikes indistinctly articulate, not brittle, the male spikelet very short-pedi- celed, awnless; fertile spikelet longer-pediceled, and with a long twisted and bent awn. 2 a. 8 1. T. polymorphus Hack. (Vasey, Grasses of the Southwest, Pl. 17.) Perennial; culms 2 to 4 feet high; leaves flat, 3 to 6 inches long ; spikes 3 to 6 inches long, rather loosely flowered, sometimes one-sided; spikelets 3 lines long, pubescent; outer glume lance-oblong, obtuse, 7-nerved ; awn 14 to 2 inches long.—Texas to Arizona and New Mexico. HETEROPOGON Pers. Spike densely flowered, appearing one-sided. Thesessile spikelets awned fertile, cylindrical; the pediceled spikelets male, imbricated and obliquely bent to one side of the spike, awnless. Glumes in the per- fect flower 4, the outer one hard and convolute, the second softer, keeled, the third thin and hyaline, the fourth, hyaline at the base, above terminating in a hard, twisted, and bent awn. 1. H. contortus R. & 8. (Andropogon contortus Linn.) (Vasey, Grasses of the South- west, Pl. 16.) Perennial, strongly rooted ; culm tufted, smooth, branching above, erect, about 3 feet high; leaves 6 to 12 inches long, smooth, sheaths flattened ; spike cyl- indrical, about 2 inches long without the awns; rachis with a tuft of brown hairs at the base of the spikelets ; sessile spikelet about 3 lines long, the male one 5 inches, flattish, oblique.—Texas, New Mexico Arizona and in tropical countries. 2. H. acuminatus Trin. (Andropogon melanocarpus Ell.) (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 582.) Culms 4 to8 feet high ; leaves elongated; spikes numerous, approximate, 1-sided, 1 to 2 inches long, shorter than the sheathing bract; spikelets large, the sterile one 6 to 8 lines long, of 3 flattish, nerved, twisted, glumes, the fertile spikelet 2 lines long, rusty bearded; the glumes coriaceous, obtuse; awn 4 inches long.— Florida and westward to Texas and Mexico. IMPERATA Cyrill. Inflorescence in a narrow, or spike-like panicle; spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pediceled, both perfect, awnless; the 2 outer glumes densely clothed with long silky hairs, Stamens 1 to 2. Stigmas 2. 1. I. Brasiliensis Trin. Mem. Acad., Petersb. Ser. 6, 11. p. 331. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, simple, rather slender, from long creeping rootstocks; radical leaves broadly linear, 2 feet long, cauline ones few, the lower 6 inches long, blade much reduced or wanting; panicle linear-oblong, 4 to 6 inches long, spikelets 2 lines long.—Florida. 2. I. Hookeri Rupr. in Anderson. (/. brevifolia Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club x11. p. 26.) Culms 3 to 4 feet high, from creeping rootstocks, rather stout, simple, smooth; radical leaves 6 to 12 inches long, cauline ones shorter, gradually decreasing up- ward, ligule short, ciliate; panicle nearly cylindrical, erect, 6 to 12 inches long, sometimes interrupted below, lower branches | to 2 inches long, appressed ; spike- lets little more than 1 line long.—Texas, New Mexico to Southern California and Mexico. ERIANTHUS Michx. Inflorescence an ample or narrow panicle; spikelets in pairs, one sessile and one pediceled, both alike fertile and awned. ‘Tall and stout reed-like perennials. 1,B. saccharoides Michx. (E. alopecuroides Ell.; Andropogon alopecuroides Linn. ) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 687.) Culms 4 to6 feet high, woolly-bearded at the nodes; panicle dense, contracted, 4 to 10 inches long; general rachis woolly; partial rachis woolly-tufted below the spikelets, the hairs longer than the spikelets; awn % to 1 inch long, straight; spikelet 2 lines long ; outer glumes sparsely hairy ; stamens 2.— New Jersey south to Florida and Texas. 9 2. BE. brevibarbis Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 637.) Culms 3 to5 feet high; maiu rachis of panicle pubescent or nearly smooth; panicle more open and the silky hairs usually shorter than the spikelets.—Maryland south to Florida and west to Texas. E. contortus Ell. seems to differ from the preceding only in atwisted awn, and the difference is hardly sufficient to entitle it to be called a variety.—Same range as preceding. 3. HE. strictus Baldw. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 583.) Culms 4 to 8 feet high, smooth; leaves 1 to 2 feet long, smooth, or scabrous beneath; panicle narrow and strict, 10 to 15 inches long, no silky hairs; spikelets 4 lines long; the outer glumes scabrous; awns straight, 8 lines long.—Georgia, Florida, Tennessee to Texas, CHRYSOPOGON Trin. Panicle open, the branches usually short; spikelets in pairs, some- times in threes, the outer sessile one fertile, the pediceled ones sterile or reduced to a rudiment; fertile spikelet with 4 glumes, the lower one larger and coriaceous, second narrow, keeled, pointed, the third hyaline, empty, the fourth or flowering glume hyaline, and awned, rarely awnless; palet very small or wanting. The genus Sorghum Pers. differs from Chrysopogon principally in the glumes of the fertile spikelets becoming more hardened after flowering. Prof. Hackel includes the genus under Andropogon. 1. C. nutans Benth. (INDIAN GRASS, Woop GRass.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 638.) Root perennial; culms simple, 3 to 6 feet high, smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, sheaths smooth; panicle narrowly oblong, crowded or loose, erect or nodding, 6 to 12 . inches long; fertile spikelets about 3 lines long, lanceolate, yellowish or brownish, sparsely hairy; awn twisted, 6 to 10 lines long ; pedicel of the sterile or imperfect spikelet plumose hairy.—Very widely spread, Atlantic to Rocky Mountains and Mexico. I find no permanent characters to distinguish this from Andropogon avenaceus Michx. 2. C. secundum Benth. (Andropogon unilaterale Hack. ; Sorghum secundum Chapm. in Fl. S. States.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high; panicle narrow, erect, one-sided, 6 to 12 inches long; glume light brown, very hairy all over, otherwise like C. nutans.—Very dry ridges in the pine barrens Georgia and Florida. 3. C. Wrightii Munro. (Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm. in Fl. 8. States, Suppl. p. 668; (Andropogon pauciflorus Hack.) Annual; culms branched near the base, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves long, broadly linear, flat, ciliate; spikelets few (6 to 12), racemose ; pedicels 2 to 3 inches long, setaceous in whorls of 2 to 6; perfect spikelets 4 lines long, the pediceled ones as long but slender and reduced to 2 glumes; first and sec- ond glumes of fertile spikelets equal, linear, 5 to 6 inches long, geniculate, twisted below the middle.—Sandy pine barrens East Florida (Chapman). ANDROPOGON Linn. Inflorescence in simple or paniculate spikes or spike-like racemes, either solitary, in pairs, digitate, or panicled. Spikelets in pairs in the alternate notches of the rachis, one sessile and fertile, the other pediceled and sterile, (this either male or empty, or reduced to a mere pedicel); fertile spikelet with two, more or less coriaceous outer glumes, a third hyaline empty glume, and the fourth or flowering glume also hyaline and awned; the sterile spikelet similar, but empty or male only, and unawned. Palet small and hyaline or wanting. Our species of this genus belong to several sub-genera or sections, 10 § 1. SCHIZACHYRIUM,. Racemes slender, solitary, terminal, on long peduncles; the thickened joints of the rachis with a cup or tooth-like appendage at the apex ; flowering glume often cleft nearly to the base, awned from between the divisions. 1. A hirtiflorus Kth. var. rEENsis Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 372. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, the upper half giving out lateral branches, smooth; radical leaves narrow, flat or conduplicate, 4 to 6 inches long, acuminate, scabrous, sparsely hairy below; culm leaves similar, the upper sheaths inclosing lateral branches; racemes 4 to 5, about 3 inches long, of 10 to 13 joints; rachis villose; sessile spikeJet 5 lines long ; first glume linear lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous on the back and sparsely hairy ; second glume glabrous; third glume hyaline, one-third shorter than the second, parted nearly to the base, twisted awn between the lobes; fourth glume as long and very narrow.— Arizona and Mexico, Var. OLIGOSTACHYUS Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. p. 372. (Andropogon oligo- stachyus Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 581.) Racemes 2 to 24 inches long, with 10 to 15 joints, more slender; joints at apex lousely pilose; first glume entire or minutely 2-toothed, with scattered pubescence.—Middle Florida and Arizona, 2, A cirrhatus Hack. in Flora, 1885, p. 119. (Vasey, Grasses of the Southwest, Pl. XVII.) Culms 2 to 24 feet high, slender, branching from the upper joints; peduncles 14 to 3 inches long; leaves 3 to 5 inches long, erect; sheaths smooth ; racemes 3 to 5, 1 to 24 inches long, with about 10 joints, peduneles and rachis smooth or nearly so; sessile spikelet 3 to 34 lines long, smooth; first glume 7- to 9-nerved ; second glume rather shorter, membranaceous, l-nerved, scabrous on the keel; third and fourth glumes hyaline, the fourth cleft three-fourths to base. 3. Atener Kth. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 581.) Culms 2 to 3 feet long, filiform, like the smooth soon involute leaves; spikes slender, terete, 1 to 2 inches long, with ~ the joints bearded at base, otherwise smooth; spikelets appressed, half as long as the bent awn; glumes rough above; pedicel of the awnless neutral flower beaded at the apex.—Georgia, Florida and westward to Texas. 4, A. scoparius Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 637.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, somewhat compressed, with numerous branches either single or fascicled, sometimes again fasciculately branched, long exserted from the sheaths; spikes slender, 1 to 2 inches long, loosely flowered, often purplish, with 5 to 10 joints; rachis generally zigzag when ripe, and with the sterile pedicels long ciliate above; sessile spikelets 3 to 5 lines long; first glume acute, minutely scabrous, bidentate at apex, obscurely 5-nerved; second glume membranaceous, acute, keeled, scarions and ciliate on mar- gin; third and fourth glumes scarious, fourth with awn 5 to 8 lines long. Var. MARITIMUS Hack. (A. maritimus Chapm.). ‘Panicle simple, racemose, 4 to 8 inches long; spikes single, 8 to 10 flowered, very silky; spikelets larger in the species, outer glumes twice as long as the stout joints, and half as long as the twisted awbp” Chapman. Remarkable for its large glumes. 5. A. semiberbis Kth. Enum. 1. p. 489. (Andropogon oligostachyus Chapm.). Culms rigid, erect, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves linear, smooth, glaucous; spikes 2 to 4 inches long, erect, lower glume pubescent, one-half to one-third as long as the contorted awn; sterile flower neutral, short-awned.—Dry sandy ridges, middle Florida. This is Dr. Chapman’s description of his A. oligostachys, which Prof. Hackel refers to A, semiberbis var. pruinosua. 6. A. gracilis Spreng. Sys. 1. p. 284. Culms cespitose, 1 foot to 18 inches high, slender; leaves filiform-setaceous, 2 to 4 inches long; spikes few, terminal and lat- eral, solitary, 1 to 14 inches long, the lateral distant on slender peduncles; rachis and pedicels silky-hairy; pedicellate spikelets reduced to a simple awned glume, outer glumes of fertile spikelet acuminate, 2 lines long, the fourth ¢lume shortly bifid, with an awn three to four times its own length.—Florida (No. 236, Dr. Garber). 11 §2, ARTHROLOPHIS. Racemes mostly in pairs, rarely digitate or panicled, the lateral ones sessile; joints of the rachis not translucent; flowering glume unusually bifid or 2-toothed, the rachis with a leaf-like bract at the first joint be- low ; pediceled spikelet empty, reduced to 1 or 2 glumes, (a) Sheathing bracts at the base of the spikes and equaling or longer than them. 7, A, macrourus Mich. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 638, Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 582.) Culms stout, 2 to 4 feet high, much branched, especially at the summit; panicle 4 to 20 inches long, dense, cymose clustered; racemes in pairs, slender, about 1 inch long, 5 to 8 joints; rachis and sterile pedicels clothed with long white hairs; sessile spikelets about 2 lines long, linear; first glume linear, smooth except on the margins, 2-nerved, bidentate; second glume keeled, acute; third and fourth glume scarious; fourth awned ; sterile pedicel longer than the perfect flower; stamen 1. There are in the Southern States several varieties of this species, the principal of which are: Var. GLAUCOPSIS Ell\., with a more slender, fewer-flowered panicle, the leaves and culm smooth and glaucous. Var. VIRIDIS Chapm., also a more slender, open-panicled form, with leaves nar- rowly linear, the radical ones equaling or nearly equaling the culm, light green. Var. CORYMBOsuUS Chapm., in which the spikes are heavily clustered in a corym- bose form near the top of the culm. Var, PUMILUS, n. var. Perennial dwarf, tufted; culms 6 to 10 inches high, branching at the base and terminating in a cymose panicle; leaves 3 to 6 inchés long, longer than the internodes, smooth, the sheaths inlosing the lateral flowering branches, sparingly hairy at the throat, branches numerous at the upper sheaths, each subdivided, the sheathing bract rather longer than the terminal spikes, which are 1 to 1} inches long, and with 10 to 12 spikelets; pedicel slightly hairy below the bract. A remarkable variety, collected in western Texas (G. C. Nealley). 8, A. Virginicus Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.638.) (A. dissitiflorus Mich.) sulms appressed below, 2 to 4 feet high, slender, much branched, the branches short anderect ; leaves long and narrow and with the sheaths mostly smooth; sheathing leaves longer than the lateral branches, which are 2 to 3 inches long and twice or thrica subdivided, each pair of racemes sheathed with a bract longer than themselves; ped. icels short, slender; racemes about 1 inch long; rachis flexuous, 8 to 12 jointed, the sterile pedicel and upper part of the joints long hairy; sessile spikelet 14 lines long, lanceolate, acute, smooth except on the margins; awn 6to 8 lines long; stamen 1,— Massachusetts to Florida and coastwise to Texas. Var. GLAuCUS Hack., glabrous throughout.—Florida, Var. DEALBATUS Molir., sheaths and leaves becoming whit- ish.—Mobile. Var. TETRASTACHYUs Hack., spikes often in fours, lower sheaths, and leaves pubescent or villous.—Alabama to Florida, Var. STENOPHYLLUs Hack., culms shorter, leaves very short.—South Carolina. 9. A. longiberbis Hack. in Flora, 1835, p. 131. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, sheaths more or less hairy ; leaves linear, 4 to 8 inches long, narrow; spikes in pairs, 1 to 14 inches long, mostly rather shorter than the bract at the base, rather densely flow- ered; the rachis and pedicels covered with long white hairs; spikelets 2 lines long, awn 6 to 8 lines long.—Florida (Dr. Garber, 1837), 10. A. Mohrii Hack., in litt. (A. Liebmanni, var. Mohrit Hack.) Culms 3 to4 feet.high, robust, leafy; leaves and sheaths villous-pubescent, the lower distichous, blade narrow, 6 to 10 inches long; panicle 1 to 1} feet long; peduncles mostly in pairs or threes; bract about as long as the spikes or shorter; spikes in clusters of 3 to 7, 1 to 2 inches long; rachis and internodes villose, brownish ; awn of perfect flower } to Linch long.—Florida (No. 3636, 4. H. Curtiss’ distribution), Mobile, Ala. (Dr Charles Moir), and Ocean Springs, Mississippi (S. M. Tracy). 12 (b) Sheathing bracts at some distance below the spikes and exceeded by them. 11. A. Elliottii Chapm. FI.8. States, p. 581. (4. clandestinum Hale. ?) Culms 1 to 2 feet high, bearded at the upper joints; leaves and sheaths purplish, hairy ; sheaths, particularly the upper ones, inflated, often crowded and imbricated, 3 to 4 inches long; spikes becoming long exserted, in pairs (rarely 3 to 4); the bract dis- tant below the spikes; rachis very slender, hairs long and silvery; awn 3 to 4 times as long as the glumes.—Delaware to Florida and west to Texas. 12. A. brachystachyus Chapm. FI. S. States, Suppl. p. 668. Culms 2 to 4 feet high, compressed, branching from the upper joints, narrowly paniculate ; leaves linear, long, not hairy, rough on the margins; spikes very numerous, by pairs, 6 to 8 lines long, 6 to 9 flowered; spikes very small; awn 4 to 6 lines long.—Florida (Dr. Chapman). 13. A. arctatus Chapm. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 668.) (A. tetrastachyus var. dis- tachyus Chapm.) Culms single, 2 to 3 feet high, the appressed branches narrowly paniculate; leaves and sheaths shaggy, with long white, mostly deciduous hairs ; spikes in pairs, 1 to 14 inches long, rather stout, closely 15- to 29-flowered; glumes rough, twice as long as the joints of the rachis; hairs of the rachis few and short; stamen 1,—Florida (Dr. Chapman). 14. A. argyrzeus Schultes. (4. argenteus Ell.: Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.637.) Culms, 2 to 3 feet high, smooth, branching; leaves long, linear, 6 to 10 inches long; culm and leaves smooth; branches 1 to 2 from each upper joint, long exserted ; spikes in pairs, 3 to 8 inches long; peduncle stout, with dense white silky hairs; joints of the rachis rigid, as long as the hispid, serrate spikelet; stamens, 3; awns, 3 to 4 times longer than the glumes.—Old fields and woods, Maryland to Florida and west to Texas. Var. TENUIS much more slender, leaves narrowly linear, spikes few.—Texas. 15. A. Cabanisii Hack., in Flora, 1885, p. 133. Culms, 2 to3 feef high, slender, branching from the lower one-third to one-half; lower branches solitary or in pairs, primary ones elongated arcuate-spreading, of 1 to 2 glabrous nodes, secondary ones single or, none, short ; common peduncle densely barbed at the apex, spikes about 2 incheslong, spikelets much as in A. argyr@us.—Pennsylvania to Florida (fide Hackel). § 3. AMPHILOPHIS. Racemes digitate or panicled, all pediceled; joints of the rachis and pedicels with a translucent longitudinal median line; flowering glume pedicel like, tapering into an awn. 16. A. provincialis Lam. Ency. I. p. 376. (A. furcatus Muhl.) Culms 3 to 6 feet high, rigid; the sammit and usually some lateral branches terminated by the 2 to 5 approximate, rigid spikes 3 to 4 inches long, 20 to 26 jointed; joints of the rachis and pedicels sparsely ciliate; spikelets 3 to 4 lines long; lower glume lanceolate, rigid, bidentate, firmly scabrous; second glume membranaceous, keeled in the middle ; third and fourth scarious; the fourth awned; fifth 1 line long, fimbriate at apex; pediceled spikelet as long as the sessile one; first glume 13- to 15-nerved; the other glumes as in the sessile spikelet except the awn of the fourth glume; stamens 3.— Common east of the Rocky Mountains. 17. A. Hallii Hack. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 638.) (A. glaucus Torr.) Culms 3 to 6 feet high, stout, smooth, glaucous; lateral branches exserted and sometimes nearly as long as the main culm; spikes 2 to 5, usually 3, digitate, 2 to 4 inches long, 10 to 15 joints; the rachis and pedicels more or less villose, with white or straw-col- ored hairs; spikelets 4 to 5 lines long, the pediceled ones usually a little longer than the sessile ones; first glume linear-lanceolate, smooth or glaucous, except near ‘the apex, 9- to 11-nerved, one-fifth longer than the second glume.—Great Plains, from Montana to Mexico. A, Hallii is generally distinguished from 4. provincialis by its thicker and more succulent stem and leaves, its glaucous appearance, its usually larger spikes, and flowers which are conspicrfously silky-hairy. 13 Var. FLAVEOLUS Hack. Hairs of the rachis and pedicel straw-colored, a few long hairs also near the apex of the first and second glumes; awn of the fertile flower short, little exserted. Var. INCANESCENS Hack. Joints of the spikes white, canescent spikelets 5 to 6 lines long; awn of the fertile flower short or wanting. 18. A. Wrightii Hack. in Flora 1885, p. 139. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, unbranched, the nodes glaucous and sometimes ciliate; leaves narrow, smooth, 6 to 10 inches long, shorter than the internodes, ligule short, ciliate; common rachis smooth; racemes 3 to 7, somewhat digitate or subfastigiate, 14 to 2 inches long, conspicuously pedicellate (the lower pedicels sometimes 6 to 8 lines long), 12 to 15 jointed, joints of rachis and sterile pedicels ciliate; spikelets 24 to 3 lines long, equal; lower glume of fertile spikelet smooth, ciliate near the apex, 7-nerved, the nerves disappearing below the apex; second glume, chartaceous, 3-nerved; third glume hyaline, smooth, obtuse; fourth glume with an awn 6 to 8 lines long; pediceled spikelet male, as long as the sessile one; first glume obtusish, 9-nerved, the upper part ciliate-margined ; second glume obtuse, 3-nerved ; third glume hyaline, nerveless, smooth, one-third shorter than the first; fourth glume and palet wanting; stamens 3.—Texas to Mexico. 19. A. saccharoides Swartz. (4. laguroides DC. in part: Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 638.) Culms erect or ascending, simple, smooth; nodes smooth or ciliate; leaves numerous, sheaths terete, striate, shorter than the internodes, smooth or hairy at the throat; ligule short, obtuse, blade linear, narrowed to a long setaceous point, rigid, glaucous or glaucescent; panicle 2 to 5 inches long, often 1 to 14 inches wide, loosely contracted or dense, the upper branches single and nearly sessile, the lower branches generally subdivided ; spikes or racemes usually very numerous (30 to 50), sometimes reduced to 10 or 12, 1 to 2inches long; the joints of rachis and pedicels copiously clothed with long white hairs obscuring the flowers; sessile spikelets 2} to 3 lines long, the pediceled ones one-third shorter and imperfect ; first glume 5- to 7-nerved, obtuse or bidentate at apex, smooth, except sparsely hairy below; third glume hya- line, one-third shorter than the first; fourth glume reduced to a narrow margin of the awn, which is usually 9 to 12 lines long. Var. BARBINODIS Hack. Culms robust, nodes densely barbate, panicle large and showy. Var. TORREYANUS Hack. Sheaths and nodes generally smooth. Var. SUBMUTICUS Vasey. Culms more slender, panicle narrower, spikelets smaller, 14 lines long; first glame oblong lanceolate, bidentate, 5-nerved, awn about 4 lies long, or almost wanting.—Southern Kansas, Colorado, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. Note—The genus SORGHUM Pers. (included by Prof. Hackel in Andropogon) is represented in this country only by cultivated species, first, 8. halapense, which is commonly called Johnson grass, and is extensively cultivated as a forage plant; and second, S. vulgare, including the many varieties cultivated fur sugar, fodder, and broom-making. HILARIA H. B. K. Inflorescence in terminal spikes; the spikelets in small clusters of three, closely sessile at the joints of the rachis, the central spikelet containing a single fertile flower, either female or perfect, the two lateral spikelets each with two or three male flowers. The outer glumes of the spikelets unlike, mostly thin, rigid, and strongly nerved, some lobed or bifid, dentate or lacerate at the apex, some awnless, and some awned between the lobes. The spikes are sometimes so closely sessile as to require much care to separate them properly. 14 (a) Cluster not hairy at the base. 1. H. cenchroides H. B. K. var. Texana Vasey Contr. Nat. Herb. 1.53, Perennial, low, tufted, multiplying by shoots or runners from the base, forming new tufts at intervals of 3 toGinches. Flowering culms 6 ‘to 12 inches high, slender, nodes ciliate ; leaves small, rigid, 1 to 3inches long, becoming involute, ciliate on the margins; spike of 5 to 8 joints, slender, clusters loosely, imbricated ; spikelets about 3 lines Jong, connate at base, the male ones each 2-flowered, the fertile one pistillate only ; glumes of the fertile flower awned on the back above the middle, the male ones unawned.—Texas to Arizona, Differs from the type in the taller and more slender culm, longer leaves, longer and more slender spike, with more numerous, looser clusters. (b) Clusters densely hairy at the base. 2. H. mutica Benth. (Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1862, p. 95.) Rhizoma creeping, strongly rooted ; culmstufted, ascending at the base, 1 to 2 feet high, leafy; leaves rigid, erect, 2 to 3 inches long, acuminate, scabrous, lower sheaths longer than the internodes, ciliate at the throat; spike cylindrical, 2 to 3 inches long; clusters 3 to 4 lines long; two lateral spikelets, each 2- to 3-flowered, the empty glumes cuneate, ciliate ou margins and fimbriate at apex, unawned ; empty glumes of central spikelet shorter than its flower, narrowly cuneate, laciniate at apex, with a short spreading awn near the apex; the thin glumes of the male spikelets spreading or often re- flexed at maturity.—Texas and Arizona. 3. H. Jamesii Benth. (Coult. Rocky Mt. FI. p. 405.) Rhizome creeping, strongly rooted ; culms tufted, 6 to 18 inches high, leafy below; leaves rigid, 2 to 4 inches long, the lowest with loose, large sheaths; spike about 2 inches long, wider than the preceding ; clusters 4 to 5 lines long; male spikelets 2-flowered, the empty glumes linear-lanceolate, 5-nerved, ciliate on the margins, the outer with an awn from the back about the middle, longer than the spikelet, the inner one unawned; the female spikelet with the empty glumes ciliate on the margin, cuneate below, above 2-lobed and laciniate into 5 to 7 slender teeth, and awned between the lobes.— Texas, New Mexico and Colorado, 4. H. rigida Scribn. (Pleuraphis rigida Thurber Bot. Cal. 11. p. 293.) Perennial ; culms 2 to 3 feet high, solid, and almost woody below, much branched, clothed within the sheaths with a dense matted tomentum; the lower leaves pubescent, par- ticularly on the lower surface, 4 to 5 inches long, the uppermost about 1 inch, very rigid, becoming involute, setaceously pointed ; sheaths crowded below, loose, pubescent; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, dense, pale or purplish; outer glumes cun- eate at base, bitid above, woolly-fringed, 3- to 5-nerved, the central nerves excurrent just below the middle as a stout divergent awn a little exceeding the glume, the two or three lateral nerves produced as sete" between the lobes and about equalling them; the floret stipitate; the flowering glume broad, oblong, 3-nerved, irregularly toothed and fringed above, with a short central awn, palet equalling or slightly exceeding its glume; outer glumes of the lateral spikelets similar to those of the central one; one or more of the nerves excurrent as awns, the flowering glume and palets of the two male flowers similar to those of the fertile one-—The most valuable grass of the desert regions in Arizona and Southern California, This description is, with little alteration, from Prof. Thurber, in Bot. California. ZIGOPOGON H. & B, Inflorescence in loose, one-sided terminal and lateral spikes or racemes; the spikelets 1-flowered, in clusters of two or three, one usually sterile or male only. The outer glumes are cuneate, emarginate 15 or 3-toothed, shorter than the flowering glumes, the latter 3-toothed, with the middle tooth awned; the palet 2-nerved and 2-awned. Stamens 3. Styles 3. 1, 4. geminiflorus H. B. K. Culms much branched, 6 to 8 inches high, weak and decumbent below; leaves linear, plane, 1 to 2 inches long; racemes 2 inches long, somewhat secund, lax; spikelets in twos or threes, 1 to 14 lines long without the awns; empty glumes less than 1 line long, cuneate, the midrib excurrent in a straight awn about 1 line long; floral glumes half longer than the empty ones, lanceolate- oblong, 8-nerved, 3-toothed, the middle tooth extended into an awn two or three times as long as its glume; palet 2-nerved, 2-toothed.—Huachuca Mountains Arizona (Lemmon) and also in Mexico, TRAGUS Hall. Flowers in rather loose terminal spikes, the spikelets in clusters of 2 to 5, mostly 3, imperfect. The perfect spikelets 1-flowered, with dis- similar glumes, the lower one minute and membranaceous, the upper ones concave, subcartilaginous, and beset with stout, short hooks ; the flowering glume firmly membranaceous and acute ; the palet shorter and thinner, 2-nerved. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. 1. T. racemosus Hall. (Vasey, Grasses of the Southwest, Pl, 14.) Culms much branched at base, slender, 6 to 18 inches high, leafy, decumbent below; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, ciliate, serrate on the margins ; sheaths loose and striate, shorter than the internodes; spike 2 to 4 inches long, narrow, densely flowered, the spike- lets about 1 line long.—Introduced and abundantly naturalized near the Gulf of Mexico. REIMARIA Filiigge. Spikelets acuminate, in unilateral subsessile spikes, with one perfect terminal flower and one exterior empty glume, membranaceous, 3- to 5-nerved, acute, about equaling the fertile glume; fertile glume and palet indurated or membranaceous, finely punctulate. Stamens 2. Styles 2, distinct to the base. Stigmas long and plumose. Culms as- cending, diffusely branched at base. 1. R. oligostachya Munro. (Chapm. Fl. S. States, Suppl. p. 665.) Culms 1 to 2 feet high, procumbent and rooting at the lower joints, smooth, leafy; sheaths about equaling the internodes; leaves plane or becoming couvolute, narrowly linear, acuminate; upper sheaths usually inclosing the base of the 2 to 3 approximate, erect or divergent spikes about 2 inches long and 10- to 20-flowered.—Florida, in ditches and shallow water; probably also to be found on the Gulf coast westward. This species varies from the character of the genus in usually having a second outer glume either fully or imperfectly developed in a portion of the spikelets of each spike. R. acuta occurs in Cuba, and will probably also be found in southern Florida. PASPALUM Linn. Spikelets obtuse or rarely short-acuminate, each with one terminal perfect flower, in one or two rows along one side of the slender solitary or paniculate flattened spikes. Glumes 3, the outer ones membranace- ous, equal, or ina few species the outer one smaller or disappearing; the flowering glume more or less concave, becoming indurated, embracing | 16 the shorter palet of the same texture. Stamens 3. Styles 2, distinct to the base. Stigmas plumose. Spikes simple, terminal, or subdigi- tate or approximate or scattered along the general peduncle, spreading or reflexed. § 1. ANASTROPHUS Benth. Spikelets rather distichous than secund, with the back of the flower- ing glume turned outwards or away from the rachis. 1. P. platycaule Poir. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 162.) Culms very slender, 6 to 18 inches high, from a creeping rhizome; peduncle long, exserted, terminated by a pair of spikes (1 to 2 inches long), or 3 or 4 approximate slender spikes, and fre- quently with several long peduncled lateral ones; spikelets single, elliptical-oblong, acutish or obtuse, outer glumes little longer than the flower, generally only 2-nerved; leaves narrowly linear, smooth, obtuse, the sheaths much compressed.— Damp ground; Florida to Texas. 2. P.furcatum Flugge, (P. Digitaria Chapm. non Poir.; P. Elliottii Wats. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 629); P. Michauxanum Kth.) Culms ascending from a creeping and branching base, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, or rather acute, 3 to 6 inches long, 3 to 6 lines wide, smooth or hairy; spikes mostly in pairs from slender, elongated peduncles (often 2 to 3 together from the upper sheath), slender, 3 to 4 inches long; spikelets about 2 lines long, lanceolate, acute; empty glumes, 5- to 7- nerved, one-third longer than the obtuse flower.—Wet ground, North Carolina to Florida and Texas, Var. VILLOSUM; leaves and sheaths very villous. 3. P. compressum Nees. Mart. Bras. 11. p. 23. Culms decumbent and creeping, stout, about 1 foot high, nodes 2 or 3, ciliate- woolly ; lower Jeaves 6 inches long, 4 to 6 lines wide, obtusish, 13-nerved, finely ciliate on the margins, upper ones 1 to 2 inches long; sheaths compressed, loose ; spikes 3, approximate, 3 to 4 inches long; spikelets ovate, about 1 line long, acute, the empty glumes sparsely pubescent, a little longer than the obtuse flowering glume.—Manatee, Fla. (J. H. Simpson). This species is intermediate between P. platycaule and P. furcatum. It has none of the subradical spikes of the first. § 2. EUPASPALUM Benth. — Spikelets more or less secund along the rachis, with the back of the flowering glume turned inward or toward the rachis. (1) Subsection Pseudoceresia Benth. Rachis of the spikes membranaceous, dilated, and applied close to and nearly inclosing the flowers when mature. 4. P, fluitans Kunth. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.628.) Culms decumbent and creep- ing, 1 to 3 feet long, smooth; leaves from 2 to 6 inches long, 4 to 8 lines wide, sca- brous; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, formed of numerous (20 to 50) linear spikes, becoming spreading or sometimes reflexed, the lower ones often fascicled, the others scattered ; rachis wider than the spikelets, acute, the point extending beyond the spikelets ; spikelets small (one-half to two-thirds of a line long), oblong, acute, whitish; empty glumes pointed, thin, without a midrib, sparsely hairy; fertile Hower a little shorter than the empty glumes.—On muddy shores, and floating in water, Maryland to Louisiana and Texas. 5. P. Walterianum Schultes. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 570.) Culms decum- bent and creeping, smooth, much branched, 1 to 2 feet long; leaves linear, short (1 to 2 inches); sheaths mostly longer than the internodes ; spikes 3 to 7, usually 3 or 4, approximate or becoming somewhat distant, the lowest included in the uppermost sheath, 1 to finches long, smooth, ovate, rather obtuse; glumes, 5-nerved.—Mary- land ; southward and westward to Louisiana. 17 (2) Subsection Opisthion Benth. Rachis of spikes flat, not dilated. (a) Spikes digitate, in terminal pairs, or rarely 3 or 4, 6. P. conjugatum Berg. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, Suppl., p. 666.) Culms decum- bent and branching at base, 1 to 2 feet high, slender, smooth ; leaves flat, thin, 2 to3 inches long, gradually pointed; sheaths compressed, spikes 2, conjugate, divergent (rarely with a third), 24 to 3 inches long ; spikelets in 2 rows, one-half line long, roundish ovate, ciliate on the margins, empty glumes very thin, 2-nerved, the middle nerve wanting.—Louisiana and Mississippi. 7. P. notatum Flugge. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 163. Rhizome creep- ing; culm simple, erect or ascending ; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, flat, 4 lines wide, lower 6 inches long ; sheaths compressed ; spikes 2, 2 to 3 inches long, in 2 series, ovate, smooth, obtusish, empty glumes 3- to 5-nerved.—Introduced on ballast ground, Phila- delphia. 8. P. distichum Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 629.) Culms decumbent and root- ing, becoming erect, 1 to 14 feet high ; leaves flat, 2 to 5 inches long, smooth; sparsely pubescent; spikes 2, rarely 3, 1} to 24 inches long; spikelets in 2 rows, ovate, acutish, empty glumes 3-nerved, smooth or sparsely hairy, 1 line long or a little more.—Low or sandy grounds, Southern States, westward to California. 9, P. vaginatum Swartz. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 570.) (P. reimarioides Chapm.) Stems widely rooting, the ascending branches varying from short and entirely cov- ered with the leaf sheaths to slenderer and 1 foot long, with the leaves distant ; leaves rarely flat, mostly involute and almost subulate; the sheaths loose and large; spikes 2 to 4, 1 to 2 inches long; spikelets in 2 rows, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1} lines long or more, empty glumes 3-nerved.—In ditches and wet ground, Florida near the Gulf coast. It is difficult to distinguish some forms of this from the preceding species. (b) Spikes: single and terminal, or one terminal and one (rarely more) additional, ap- proximate, with sometimes axillary peduncled ones. 10. P. monostachyum Vasey. Chapm. Fl. 8. States, Suppl, p. 665. Culms erect, stout, rigid, smooth, 2 to 3 feet, the upper joint very long; lower sheaths in- flated, longer than the intern sdes, ligule short, obtuse, blade elongated (the lower 1 foot or more), convolute, rigid; spike 6 to 8 inches long, erect, the spikelets imbricate, about 14 lines long, smooth ; first glume 3-nerved, rather shorter than the spikelet, second glume equaling the flowering one; occasionally with a long peduncled ax- illary spike, and sometimes the spikelets with a third small sterile glume.—Southern Flora (Dr. Garber) and Texas (G. C, Nealley). Differs from P. rectum Nees. in its much stouter culm and leaves, and twice as Jong a spike. . 11. P. setaceum Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 628.) (P. debile and P. cilia- tifolium Michx.) Culms decumbent or erect, 1 to 2 feet high, slender; leaves 2 to 6 inches long, variable in width, swooth or pubescent; sheaths generally hairy ; spikes slender, the terminal one long-peduneled, 2 to 4 inches long; rachis narrow; spike- lets in pairs in two rows, shortly pediceled, about three-fourths line, ovate, obtuse, smooth, or pubescent.— Widespread, New England to Florida, westward to Texas and Mexico. Var. CILIATIFOLIUM (P. ciliatifolium, P. dasyphyllum Ell.) Culms stouter and taller, leaves 4 to 6 lines wide, hairy on the margins or all over; spikelets larger, smooth or pubescent, and in one form grandular.—Maryland to Florida and Texas. 12974—No. 1——2_ [eb. 25, 1892.] 18 (¢) Spikes 2 to 5, rarely more, not digitate, * Spikelets 1 line long or less. 12. P. ceespitosum, Fliigge. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, x111. 164.) Culms cespitose. 1 to 14 feet high, slender; leaves flat, the lower ones 3 to 6 inches long, three-fourths line wide, smooth, sparsely ciliate at the base, upper sheaths very long; spikes 3 to 4,1 to 2 inches long, at intervals of about 1 inch; rachis very narrow; spikelets very small (one¢alf to three-fourths line), elliptical, smooth, puberulent, or glandular, irregularly in 3 rows, in pairs, one pedicelled ; empty glumes 3- to 5-nerved —Florida (A. HT. Curtiss). 14. P. Drummondii. (Dimorphostachys Drummondii Fourn.; P.lentiginosum Presl.? Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xt. 164.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, branching below, smooth; leaves 6 to 10 inches long, 3 to 5 lines wide; panicle terminal, sometimes with lateral branches; spikes 3 to 4, arcuate, 3 to 4 inches long, rather slender; spikelet in 2 or 3 rows, rather lax, 1 line long, oval, pubescent and granular spotted, generally with a small lower glume, as in Panicum. Intermediate between P. seta- cecum and P, lave.—Florida (J. H. Simpson) and Texas (G. C. Nealley, No. 350 Drummond), * * Spikelets from 1 to 14 lines long. 15. P. elatum Richard. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 167.) Culm erect, sub- compressed, striate, glabrous; sheaths and leaves glabrous, the leaves linear, elon- gated, narrowly acuminate, scabrous at least above; ligule membranaceous, short ; axis of panicle, scabrous; spikes 5 to 7, subfasciculate, sessile, approximate, erect or subfalcate, elongated ; spikelets in twos, short-pediceled, narrowly obovate, twice as wide as the axis; glumes obovate, 5-nerved, smooth; valves longitudinally punctu- late, striate. Thisdescription is from Doell’s Graminese Brasiliensis. A specimen with this name from Florida is in Gray Herb. 16. P. lividum Trin. (Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, x11. 164.) Culms 2 to 24 feet high, smooth, simple; leaves long and narrow, smooth, sheaths compressed; spikes 4 to 5, + inch to 1 inch distant, 1 to 1d inches long, erect; spikelets compressed oval or ovate, acutish, smooth, in 3 or 4 rows, imbricated, sometimes pale, sometimes purplish.— Texas (Nealley 807, E. Halls.) 17. P. Buckleyanum Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 167. Culms 3 feet high, firm (not robust), smooth, pale green; leaves elongated, complanate, narrow (2 lines), smooth ; spikes 3 to 6, 1 to 14 inches distant, 1 to 14 inches long; rachis straight, narrow; spikelets in pairs, in three or four rows, imbricated, about 14 lines long, lance- ovate, acute, sparsely pubescent, slightly longer than the obtuse flower.—Texas (Buckley). 18. P. leave Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 628.) Culms erect, sometimes de- cumbent at base, rather slender, 2 to4 feet, high; leaves variable in width and length, smooth, or the sheaths sometimes pubescent; spikes 2 to 6, usually 3 or 4, about 1ineh apart, spreading, somewhat hairy in the axil, 2 to 5 inches long; rachis narrow and flexuous; spikelets in 2 rows, about 1} to 1} lines long, smooth, roundish; empty glumes 5-nerved,—Massachusetts to Texas, Var. BREVIFOLIUM, leaves 4 to 6 inches long, 4 to 6 lines wide. (P. undulosum Le Conte.) Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM, tall; lower leaves a foot or more long and narrow spikes 4 to6 inches long. (P. angustifolium Le Conte. ) 19. P. preecox Walt. (Chapm., Fl. 8. States, p. 571.) (P. lentiferum Lam. ?) Culms erect, 2 to 4 feet high, simple; leaves long and narrow, 8 to 12 inches long, 2 to 4 lines wide, smooth or pubescent; spikes 3 to 6, 1 to 14 inches apart, erect, 14 to 3 inches long; rachis straight and flat; spikelets in pairs, mostly in three rows, or- bicular compressed, about 14 lines long; empty glumes smooth, 3-nerved.—North Carolina to Texas, 19 Var. CURTISIANUM (P. Curtisianum Steudel.), larger and stouter; spikes 6 to 8; spikelets large; leaves and sheaths hairy.—Florida. 20, P. pubiflorum Rupr. (P. Hallii Vasey & Scribn., P. remotum Remy(?): Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 165.) Culms decumbent and branching below, from strong creeping rootstocks, leafy, 2 to 3 feet high, stout, nodes (especially the lower ones) pubescent; leaves 6 to 9 inches long, 4 to 6 lines wide, scabrous on the margin, acu- minate; margin of the sheath ciliate; ligule membranaceous, short; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, of 3 to 6 spikes; spikes 14 to 3 inches long, firm, dense; rachis broad; spikelets in pairs, in 3 or 4 rows, 1 to 14 lines long, oblong, obtuse; empty glumes pubescent.—Louisiana to Texas (804 EH, Hall). A form or variety occurs from Arkan- sas to Tennessee, which seems to differ only in the smooth glumes of the spikelets. Var. GLaucUM Scribn. Another form occurs in Southwestern Texas and Mexico, which has more rigid culms aud leaves, is very glaucous, and the spikelets sometimes in2rows. (Dr. Havard § C. G. Pringle.) 21. P. plicatulum Michx. (P. undulatum Poir: Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 571.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, rather slender; lower leaves long and narrow, smooth; spikes 3 to 5, 1 to 2 inches distant, 14 to 2 inches long; rachis narrow; spikelets in pairs, mostly in 3 rows, 1 to 1} lines long, oblong oroval, obtuse, plano-convex; empty glumes smooth, 3-nerved, the second or flat one becoming plicate or marked with linear elevations on the margins; spikelets becoming brown or blackish.—Florida to Texas. 22. P. purpurascens Ell. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xr. 167.) (Probably P. Bos- cianum Fliigge). Culms decumbent below, becoming somewhat erect, 2 to 3 feet long, glabrous, branching below (often much branched) ; leaves long (6 to 15 inches), 4 to 6 lines wide, smooth, except on the glabrous margins, the lower sheaths and culms often dark purple; panicle 4 to 6 inches long; spikes 3 to 12, commonly7 to 9 on the main culm and 3 to 5 on the branches, 2 to 3 inches long; rachis rather wide, smooth; spike- lets in pairs, mostly in 4 rows, about 1 line long, roundish, oval, obtuse.—Florida to Alabama. 23, P. racemulosum Nutt. (Chapm., Fl. 8. States, p.571.) (P. Alabamense Trin, ) Culms simple, erect, from strong scaly rootstocks, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves broadly linear, flat, mostly fringed on the margins; sheaths hairy or smoothish, purplish be- low; spikes, 2 to 4, slender, erect, 3 to 4 inches long; rachis slender, somewhat flexu- ous; spikelets rather distant and interrupted, singly or in pairs, distinctly pediceled, the pedicel sometimes 3 times as long as the spikelets; spikelets 14 lines long, oblong or obovate; empty glumes smooth, 5- to 7-nerved.—Dry sandy soil, North Carolina, Florida, and westward to Louisiana, 24. P. dilatatum Poir. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, x1. 166.) (P. ovatum Trin.) Cuims stout, 3 to 4 feet high; leaves 10 to 12 inches long, 4 lines wide, smooth ; spikes 4 to7, erect or spreading, lax, 2 to 4 inches long; common axis slender; spikelets in 4 rows, 14 lines long, ovate, acute, pubescent, villous on the margins; empty glumes acute, longer than the fertile flowers.—Virginia to Florida and Texas. Var. DECUMBENS. Like the preceding, but only 3 to 4 spikes, and the culms de- cumbent or sometimes prostrate.—Louisiana (A. B. Langlois). 25. P. difforme Le Conte. (Vasey in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 166.) Culms from strong creeping rootstocks, 3 feet high, stout, smooth; leaves rigid, flat, 5 to 6 -inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, somewhat scabrous, smoothish or pubescent; panicle long, naked below, of 2 to 4 spikes, 1 to 2 inches distant; spikes 14 to 3 inches long, thick, firm; spikelets 14 lines long in 2 or 3 rows, ovate-oblong, obtuse, smooth ; empty glumes 3-nerved.—North Carolina to Florida (3,570 4. H. Curtiss distribution. ) Intermediate between P. leve and P. floridanum. 26. P. Ploridanum Michx. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 571.) Culms 3 to 4 feet high, erect, rigid; leaves long (1 to 2 feet), 3 to 6 lines wide, hairy or smooth; spikes 3 to 7, 1 to 2 inches distant, erect, 3 to 5 inches long, thick; rachis rather narrow, 20 flexuous; spikelets mostly in 3 rows, nearly 2lines long, broadly oval, obtuse; empty glumes smooth, 3- to5-nerved. In the type the leaves and sheaths are villous.—North Carolina to Texas and Arkansas. Var, GLABRATUM Engelm. Leaves and sheaths smooth; same range. 27. P. giganteum Baldw.in Bull. Torr. Club, xu. 166. Culms 4 to 6 feet high, erect, stout; leaves 1 to 2 feet long, three-fourths to 1 inch wide, smooth or sparsely pubescent; spikes 3 to 4, 5 to 8 inches long, spreading and becoming reflexed, in two or three rows; spikelets rarely 2 lines long, oval, smooth; empty glumes 3- to 5- nerved.—Florida (A. H. Curtiss, Dr. Baldwin). Perhaps a large variety of the preceding. (d) Spikes more numerous, 20 or more, 28. P. virgatum L. var. PUBIFLORUM Vasey. Culms to 5 feet high, stout, smooth, simple; leaves 1 to 14 feet long, 3 to 4 lines wide, smooth, margins scabrous; sheaths shorter than the internodes (6 to 10 inches long), smooth, ligule short, ciliate; panicle 6 to 9 inches long, of twenty or more appressed spikes, mostly alternate or some of the lower fasciculate in twos or threes, the lower 3 inches long, rather lax, gradually diminishing upward, crowded near the top; spikelets 1 to 1} lines long, compressed ovate, acute, pubescent, and hairy on the margins, in thre or four rows; empty glumes acute, 3-nerved, a little longer thar the fertile glume,—Texas (G. C. Nealley) and Louisiana (4. B. Langlois). ANTHAINANTIA Beauv. Spikelets loosely racemose on the slender erect branches of the lax, contracted panicle, containing one perfect terminal flower and one male or neuter one; the outer, empty glumes, hairy, 5-nerved, equal, as long as or longer than the flower; perfect flower, with rigid, mem- branaceous glume and palet (the apex soft), the sterile flower of a thin membranaceous palet. 1. A. villosa Benth. (Aularanthus ciliatus Ell,; Panicum ignoratum Kth.: Chapm. Fl. §. States, p. 577.) Culms erect, simple, smooth, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves linear- lanceolate, pointed, strongly nerved, fringed on the margins, the lower ones widely speading; panicle racemose; spikelets 2 lines long, obovate; sterile flower with 3 stamens; anthers and stigmas yellow.—F lorida, North Carolina to Texas, 2. A. rufa Benth. (Aulaxanthus rufus Ell.; Panicum rufum Kth.: Chapm. FL. S. States, p.577.) Culms erect, 2 to 3 feet high, smooth; leaves erect, linear-lanceolate, the lower erect, 1 to 2 feet long; sterile flower neutral; anthers and stigmas purple, otherwise like the preceding; leaves and spikelets often purplish.—Florida to Louisi- ana and Mississippi. AMPHICARFPUM Kth. Spikelets of two kinds, those of the simple terminal panicle generally perfect, but infertile; the fertile ones borne singly at the ends of sub- terranean runner-like pedicels, these much larger than the others. The spikelets 1-flowered ; those of the panicle with two nearly equal, smooth, | pointed, membranaceous, 5-nerved outer glumes; the flowering glume and palet rigid membranaceous, nearly as long as the outer glumes; the spikelets of the runners with thickened, many-nerved, outer glumes, and the flowering glume and palet indurated. 1, A. Purshii Kth. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 634.) (Milium amphicarpum Pursh.) Culms, tufted, erect from fibrous roots, naked above; leaves lanceolate, mostly near the base, rather thin, and with the sheaths clothed with rigid spreading hairs; panicle 21 strict, narrow, with few elongated, narrow, erect branches; spikelets 2 to 24 lines long, oblong, nearly sessile; empty glumes nearly equal, 5-nerved; flowering glume oblong, pointed, striate ; fertile flowers on long peduncles at the base of culm twice as large as the others; the grain oblong, 2 to 3 lines long.—Pine barrens, New Jersey to Florida. 2. A. Floridanum. Chapm., Fl. S. States, p. 572. Culms erect, 1 to 3 feet high, branching at the base, from creeping rootstocks; leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, smooth, 2 to 5 inches long; sheaths fringed on the margins; panicle strict, narrow, with few, erect branches; spikelets 3 lines long, oblong, acute; empty glumes equal, 5-nerved ; flowering glume smooth, striate, acute; fertile flowers much as in the pre- ceding species; the anthers imperfect; grain compressed-globose, pointed, inclosed in the hardened flowering glume and palet.—Banks of the Apalachicola River, Florida. ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. Spikelets with a peculiar cup-like or annular swelling of the pedicel just below the base, nearly sessile in one or two rows along one side of the slender branches of single panicle. The spikelets with one perfect flower, or with a second male or neutral one; the outer glumes empty, hairy, nearly equal, membranaceous, acute, or acuminate (awned in one species) ; the periect flower somewhat shorter, coriaceous, obtuse, or mucronate pointed; the imperfect flower when present consisting of a very thin palet, with or without stamens. 1. BE. sericea Munro, MS. Perennial; culms erect, 2 to 2} feet high, simple, leafy ; leaves narrow, 4 to 10 inches long, softly pubescent; sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes; panicle terminal, linear, 6 to8 inches long, consisting of 6 to 10 sessile, alternate, appressed branches, the lower 1 to 1} inches long, the spikelets im- bricated in 2 rows, each about 2 lines long, 1-flowered, perfect flower oblong-ovate, very short-pointed.—Texas and New Mexico. 2, BE. Lemmoni Vasey and Scribn. Culms 1} to 2 feet high, decumbent and much branched below; leaves rather short and wide, 3 to 6 inches long, one-half to three-fourths inch wide, lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, as are the loose sheaths; terminal and lateral panicles 3 to 4 inches long, compressed, of about6 simple sessile branches or spikes, spreading horizontally in flower, becoming appressed ; branches 1 to 1} inches long, loosely flowered; spikelets shortly-pediceled, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 lines long, spreading nearly at right angles tu the rachis; flowering glume one-fourth shorter than the outer, tipped with a short point; sterile flower of 3 stamens.—Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico. 3. EB. punctata Hamil. (2. polystachya H. B. K.?: Kunth Gram.t. 30.) Culms much branched below, 2 feet high, leafy; leaves 6 to 10 inches long, 4 to6 lines wide; | panicles 3 to 4 inches long, of 6 to 10 loosely flowered spikes, contiguous, 1 to 2 inches long; spikelets short-pediceled, about 2 lines long, the empty glumes oblong-lance- olate, sparsely pubescent, the upper short-awned; flowering glume one-third to one- half shorter than the spikelet, oblong, with a short awn-like point.—Southern Kansas to Mexico. Var. MINOR Vasey. Smaller than the preceding, the leaves narrower, spikes fewer and shorter, the spikelets smaller, the empty glumes acute, the flowering glume pro- portionally longer.—Texas (No, 2087, Wright, Nealley). 4. BE. longifolia Vasey. (H. mollis var. longifolia Vasey Bull. Torr, Club, X11. p, 25.) Culms tufted, erect, 2 to 24 feet high, slender; leaves very narrow, 1 to 2 lnes wide, 10 to 18 inches long, erect, smooth; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, of 5 to 8 nodding, loosely flowered spikes, the lower ones with slender pedicels one-half to three-fourths inch long; spikelets 2 lines long, 2-flowered; empty glumes pubescent, ovate, acumi- nate; fertile flower with a short awn; sterile flower with a palet and 3 anthers.— South Florida (4. H.Curtiss), 22 5. E. mollis Kth. Gram. 1. p.30. (Panicum molle Michx.?) Culms stout, 2 to 4 feet high, sometimes branched, leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather rigid, acuminate, smooth, erect, 10 to 18 inches long,3 to 6 lines wide; sheaths long, smooth, striate; panicle 6 to 12 inches long, with numerous (15 to 20 or more) more or less spreading branches, the lower ¥ to 3 inches long; rachis and upper part of stem downy, pube- scent; spikelets 2-flowered, 2 to 2} lines long, acute; the sterile flower with 3 stamens; fertile glume oblong, hardly acute.—South Carolina to Florida (A. H. Curtisa). PANICUM Linn. Spikelets with one perfect terminal flower, and usually a second one male only or rudimentary. Empty glumes 2 or 3, one smaller than the other, often minute, or rarely wanting. The glume of the perfect flower with its palet usually of a coriaceous texture, and obtuse or obtusish. The second flower when present a thin palet and 3 stamens, or the palet wanting. Inflorescence spicate or paniculate. § 1. Digitaria Benth. Panicles of several spikes or spike-like branches, digitate or approxi- mate at the top of the culm; spikelets usually small and in alternate pairs along one side of the flattened rachis, 1 sessile and 1 short-pedi- celed; empty glumes 2, or sometimes 3, the lower one then being minute. 1. P. glabrum Gaudin. 2. P. sanguinale Linn. 3. P. filiforme Linn. 4, P. serotinum Trin. § 2. TRICHACHNE Benth. Spikelets densely silky-hairy, or fringed with long hairs, sessile or short-pediceled, in pairs or clustered along the rachis of the numerous simple, erect, spikes or branches of the panicle, acute; lower glume very minute. 5, P. leucopheeum H. B. K. 6. P. lachnanthum Torr. § 3. SUBSPICATA Vasey. Panicle linear or narrow, the branches short, sessile, erect or ap- pressed, or the apex spicate. (a) Branches densely flowered. 7. P. paspaloides Pers. 8. P. Curtisii Chapm. 9. P. obtusum H. B. K. 10. P. reticulatum Torr. 11. P. Texanum Buckl. (b) Branches lax flowered, 12. P. Chapmani Vasey. 13. P. Reverchoni Vasey, 14. P. subspicatum Vasey, 15. P. stenodes Griseb, 23 § 4. PLATYPHYLLA Vasey. Panicle of few (3 to 6) simple, mostly sessile, spreading branches; the spikelets sessile in two rows on one side of a flattened rachis, as in Paspalum, but with a small lower glume. 16. P. platyphyllum Munro, 17. P. plantagineum Link. § 5. BRACHIARIA Benth. Branches erect or somewhat spreading, not appressed, mostly ap- proximate and sessile. 18. P. prostratum Lam. 19. P. ceespitosum Swartz. 20. P. fuscum Swartz. 21. P. grossarium Linn. § 6. PoLYSTACHY@ Benth. Branches of the panicle numerous, spreading, single or subfasciculate, simple, or with some short branchlets, flowering to the base (except in P. hians); spikelets sessile or very short pediceled. 22. P. barbinode Trin. 23. P. gymnocarpon Ell. 24. P. repens Linn. 50. P. anceps Michx. (some forms). 25. P. laxum Swartz. 26. P, hians Ell. § 7. EUPANICUM Benth. Branches of the panicle subdivided, single or fascicled, spreading and usually naked below, with the spikelets pediceled, sometimes long-pedi- celed. (a) Panicle small, narrow ; branches few, erect, or somewhat spreading. 27. P. ciliatissimum Buckl. 28. P. Xanthophysum Gray. 29. P. pedicellatum Vasey. 30. P. depauperatum Miihl. 31. P. angustifolium Ell. (b) Panicle small but diffuse, oval or oblong. 32. P. nitidum Lam. 33. P. laxiflorum Lam. 34. P. dichotomum Linn. 35. P. neuranthum Griseb. 36. P. Joorii Vasey. 37. P. nudicaule Vasey. 38. P. consanguineum Kth, 39. P. scoparium Lam. 40, P. Wilcoxianum Vasey. (c) Panicle larger, oval, or oblong, 41. P. sphzrocarpon El. 42, P. microcarpon Mubl. 24 43. P. viscidum Ell. 44, P. commutatum Schultes, 45, P. clandestinum Linn. (d) Panicle larger, oval, or oblong. 46. P. latifolium Linn. 47. P. scabriusculum Ell.? Chapm. (e) Panicle effuse ; branches capillary and much subdivided, except in P. sparsiflorum (P angustifolium Chapm. 48. P. capillare Linn. 49. P, capillarioides Vasey. 50. P. autumnale Bosc. ol. P. Hallii Vasey & Scrib. 52. P. proliferum Lam. 53. P. miliaceum Linn, 54. P. verrucosum Muhl, 55. P. sparsiflorum. (f) Tall grasses, with ample and diffuse panicle. 56. P, anceps. Michx. 57. P. agrostoides Muhl. 58, P. bulbosum H. B. K. and var. avenaceum. 59. P. maximum Jacq. 60. P. amarum Ell. 61. P. virgatum Linn. 62. P. Havardii Vasey. — § 8. FRUTESCENTES Vasey. Culms frutescent, spikelets large and turgid, empty glumes loose. 63. P. divaricatum Linn. § 9. VILLIFLORA Vasey. Panicle diffuse, spikelets very large, the glumes very silky-villous. 64. P. Urvilleanum Kth. § 10. ECHINOCHLOA Benth. Spikelets densely crowded in 3 or 4 rows, along the simple, alternate spikes or branches of the panicle; empty glumes scabrous or hirsute, acute or sometimes long awned. 65. Panicum colonum Linn. 66. Panicum Crus-galli Linn. § 11. HYMENACHNE Benth. The small very numerous spikelets usually crowded in a long cylin- drical spike or confined panicle; outer glumes acuminate, the second twice as long as the fruiting ones, gibbous at the base, 67. P. gibbum Ell. $1. DiciTaRria Benth. 1. P.glabrum Gaudm. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630), (Digitaria humifusa Pers. ) Culms spreading, prostrate or erect, 5 to 12 inches long; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, smooth or pubescent; spikes 2 to 6, spreading, 1 to 2 inches long, approximate; spike- 25 lets oblong, about 1 line long, obtusish; empty glumes, mostly two (the lower one often wanting), pubescent, both equaling the flower.—In cultivated and waste grounds, less common than the following. Var. MISSISSIPPIENSIS Gattinger. Taller (6 to 20 inches high), spikes longer (14 to 34 inches), spikelets acutish.—Vicinity of Nashville, Tenn. (Dr. Gattinger). 2. P. sanguinale Linn. (CRaB-GRASS). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630.) Culm erect or decumbent, usually rooting at the lower joints, leaves and sheaths smooth or hairy, variable in length and breadth; spikes 3 to 10 or 15, spreading, digitate or ap- proximate, 3 to 6 inches long; spikelets oblong-lanceolate, about 1} lines long, acute, smoothish, pubescent; first glume minute, second half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, third equaling the spikelet.—Naturalized every where. Var. CILIARE Vasey Proc. Am. Acad. xxiv. p. 80, (P. ciliare Retz). Glumes ciliate- fringed. Var. SIMPSONI Vasey n. var. With the general habit of P. sanguinale, but peren- nial; culms 2 to 3 feet long, from long-rooting rhizomes; spikes about 8, each 5 to 6 incheslong; spikelets about 14 lines long; empty glumes two, equal, smooth,7-nerved, acuminate.—Manatee, Fla. (J. H. Simpson), and Mississippi (S. M. Tracy). 3. P. filiforme Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630), (Digitaria filiformis Muhl.) Culms very slender, 1 to 3 feet high, erect, simple, or sparingly branched; leaves narrowly linear, 3 to 10 inches long, erect, somewhat pubescent, and with sheaths hairy; spikes 2 to 8, erect or somewhat spreading, 2 to 6 inches long; spikelets 1 line long or less, oblong, acute; empty glumes two, the lower slightly shorter and the upper equalling the flower.—Sandy or gravelly ground; Maine to Florida and westward. 4. P. serotinum Trin. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, Suppl., p. 666), (Digitaria sero- tina Michx.; D. villosa Ell.) Perennial, extensively creeping, much branched, making a thick carpet; flowering culms 6 to 10 inches; leaves short, erect, hairy, 1 to 24 inches long, sheaths villous; spikes 3 to 5, about 2 inches long, varrow; spikelets less than 1 line long, acute; two empty giumes, the first one-quarter to one-third as long, and the second nearly as long, as the spikelet.—North Carolina to Florida and westward. § 2. TRICHACHNE Benth. 5. P. leucophzum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. I. p. 97. Culms stout, 2 to 4 feet high, erect; leaves broadly linear, 1 foot long, scabrous above, ligule ciliate ; panicle race- mose, contracted, dense, 6 to 10 inches long; the simple branches numerous, erect, fasciculate, 2 to 4 inches long; spikelets linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 2 lines long; lower glume minute, second nearly as long as, and the third equalling, the perfect flower, which is linear-lanceolate and mucronate-pointed.—Low, rich ground, South Florida (Chapman, Curtiss, etc.). 6. P. lachnanthum Torr. Culms rather slender, 2 to 3 feet high; leaves much narrower and shorter, panicle shorter, more slender, with fewer and shorter spikes ; spikelets smaller, 1 to 14 lines long, ovate-lanceolate, the perfect flower ovate-lanceo- late, acute and mucronate-pointed—mostly on dry hills, Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. § 3. SuBsPICATA Vasey. 7. P. paspaloides Pers. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, Suppl, p. 666.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, decumbent and rooting below, smooth, stout, leafy ; leaves narrow, 6 to LO inches long, becoming somewhat involute, and with the sheaths smooth;. panicle 5 to 10 inches long, strict, of 10 to 20 appressed, sessile, simple branches, the lower ones 1 to 1}inches long, upper gradually shorter; spikelets ovate-oblong, obtusish, smooth, 1 to 1} lines long, imbricate in two rows on the narrow axis; the lower glume truncate-obtuse, one-third as long, and second glume two-thirds as long as the spike- lets (also thin and obtuse).—In ditches or water, Florida to Texas and Mexico. 8. P. Curtisii Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 573. Culms 3 to 4 feet high, often 26 rooting at the lower joints; leaves linear-lanceolate, plane, rigid, 6 to 9 inches long, 6 to 9 lines wide, smooth; sheaths smooth or hairy; panicle slender, spike-like, 6 to 8 inches long, of numerous appressed slender, single, or fascicled branches, the lower ones remote; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, acutish, about 1 line long; lower g!ume acute, keeled, half as long as the spikelet; the second a little shorter than the third, which equals the acutish perfect flower; second and third glumes strongly 3- to 5- nerved, sterile flower triandrous, Closely resembles the preceding.—Ponds and swamps, Florida to Texas. 9. P. obtusum H. B. K. (Kunth Gram., . t. 116.) Culms 1} to 2 feet high, firm, leafy; sending off long (sometimes 8 to 10 feet) runners from the base; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide; panicle 3 or 4 inches long, narrow, composed of four to seven approximate, appressed, sessile branches, the lower ones about 1 inch long, the upper becoming very short, densely flowered ; spikelets mostly in alternate pairs, of which one is sessile, the other short-pediceled, forming three to four rows, turgid, oblong, obtuse, and 1} lines long ; lower glume two-thirds as long as the spike- let, S-nerved, second glume 7-nerved, third 5-nerved, a little longer than the fer- tile flower; sterile flower triandrous.—Mexico, Texas, New Mexico to Colorado, 10. P. reticulatum Torr. Culms 10 to 15 inches high, much branched below, leafy; leaves 14 to 3 inches long, acute, scabrous or pubescent, as also are the sheaths ; panicle 2 to 3 inches long, lateral ones shorter, close or dense; branches single or fasciculate, unequal, 1} or 2 inches long, the longer with interrupted spikelets, which are about 14 lines long, single or in pairs, one sessile and one pediceled, obovate, acutish ; first glume one-fourth to one-third as long as the spikelet, acutish, second and third strongly 5- to 7-nerved, and conspicuously reticulately veined.—Texas to Arizona. 11. P. Texanum Buckley. Culms stout, 2 to 4 feet high, branching from a decum- bent and sometimes rooting base, leafy, smooth; leaves lanceolate, 4 to 10 inches long, 6 to 12 lines wide, smoothish or scabrous above and on the margins ; sheaths softly and sparsely pubescent, nodes pubescent; panicle (the base generally inclosed in the upper sheath) 4 to 8 inches long, $ to 1 inch wide, of 5 to 10 erect, rather slender, simple, erect branches 1 to 3 inches long, closely flowered; rachis scabrous- pubescent; spikelets single or in pairs, alternate along the angular rachis, oblong, lanceolate, acute, 2 to 24 lines long, smooth, or finely pubescent; first glume broadly ovate, half to two-thirds as long as the spikelets, acute, 5-nerved; second and third glumes equaling the spikelet, strongly 5- to 7-nerved, perfect flower ovate or oblong- ovate, acutish, transversely wrinkled with fine reticulated striw. Cultivated for a forage grass.—Texas, 12. P. Chapmani Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x1. p. 61. (P. tenuiculmum Chapm. non Meyer.) Culms filiform, 14 to 24 feet high, erect, simple; leaves chiefly radical, linear, half as long as the culm, about 2 lines wide, upper ones shorter; panicle 6 to 12 inches long, of eight to twelve remote, slender, erect spikes, the upper ones short and few- (3- to 6-) flowered, sessile, one-half inch long, the lower longer, some- times subdivided, and with long, sheathed peduncles; rachis flexuous, bristle-like at the apex; spikelets about one line long, ovate; lower glume one-half as long as the spikelet, obtuse; upper glume 9-nerved.—Florida (Chapman, Curtiss, Garber). 13. P. Reverchoni Vasey. (Dept. Agr. Bot. Div. Bull. No. 8, p. 25.) Culms fili- form from a thick, strong rootstock, erect, 10 to 18 inches high, simple; leaves chiefly radical, long and narrow, half as long as the culm; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, slender, an interrupted spike, at least above, below with short, 3- to 5-flowered, remote, fasciculate branches; spikelets 1} lines long, plano-convex, obtusish ; lower; glume one-half as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved, second and third 7-nerved 3 rachis terminated by a short bristle, sometimes also a bristle below the spikelets.—Texas - (Reverchon). Distributed by Reverchon as Setaria uniseta. 14. P. subspicatum Vasey. (Dept. Agr. Bot. Div. Bull. No. 8, p. 25.) Culms 10 to 18 inches high, leafy ; upper leaves longer than the lower (lowest Linch, highest 5 inches), 1 to 3 lines wide, rather rigid, light green, acute; panicle spicate at apex, 27 3 to 5 inches long, below with 5 or 6 short, approximate, appressed, rather lax branches, 4 inch to 1 inch long; spikelets 1 line long, a little curved; lower glume one-half as long as the spikelet; second glume 7-nerved; third glume 5-nerved; rachis with a short bristle at apex and sometimes a bristle below the spikelets.— Texas (Buckley, Nealley). These three (12, 13, and 14) forma natural group, Leaves shorter and more rigid, spike shorter and closer, and spikelets smaller than in the preceding. 15. P. stenodes Griseb. Fl. W. Ind., p. 547. (P. anceps var. strictum Chapm.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, wiry, smooth; leaves erect, rigid, narrow (1 to 2 lines), 3 to 4 inches long; panicle narrow, 2 to 3 inches long, of five to six slender, short, ap- pressed branches, sessile or nearly so, mostly single, sometimes two or three to- gether; spikelets about 1 line long, lanceolate, acute; first glume half as long as the spikelet; second and third 5-nerved, acute,—In ponds and water, Florida to Ala- bama (Dr. Mohr) and Texas (Nealley). § 4, PLATYPHYLLA Vasey. 16. P. platyphyllum Munro. Culms decumbent and rooting at the lower joints, 1 to 2 feet high, branching below, pale green in color; leaves lanceolate, 3 to 4 inches long, 4 to 6 lines wide, smooth, firm, the base clasping ; margins scabrous, pale green ; sheaths smooth, striate, the upper one inclosing the base of the panicle consisting of 3 to 5 simple, sessile, alternate, slightly spreading, distant branches, each 14 to 3 inches long; spikelets sessile, and alternate on a flattened rachis; lower glume thin, obtuse, one-third as long as the second and third, the latter 5-nerved, smooth, and one-third longer than the obtuse fertile flower; sterile flower a glume only.— Texas (EZ. Hall, G. C. Nealley). 17. P. plantagineum Link: Hort. 1. 206. Much like the preceding, but stouter and larger, with longer and wider leaves (6 to 10 inches by 6 to 9 lines); the spikes more remote, longer (2 to 4 inches), and the lower peduncled in the sheaths; spike- lets much like the preceding.—Introduced on ballast ground at Philadelphia. § 5. BRACHIARIA Benth. 18. P. prostratum Lam. (Chapm. Fl. S. States, suppl., p. 666. P. cespitosum Swartz?.) Culms creeping and rooting at the base, then ascending, 1 to 2 feet long, with rather distant leaves (1} to 2 inches long), lanceolate or ovate-lance- olate, acute, clasping at the ciliate base; sheaths shorter than the internodes; pan- icle exserted, short, about 2 inches long, of 5 to 8 simple or sub-simple branches, the lowest 1 to 14 inches long, closely flowered; rachis frequently with stiff hairs; spikelets three-quarters of a line long, smooth; first glume one-quarter as long as the spikelet, second and third equal; perfect flower striate-punctulate, mucronate- pointed. Our specimens agree with Trinius, Fig. 185 A.—Louisiana (Langlois) and Texas ( Nealley). 19. P. ceespitosum Swartz.? (Swartz, Fl.W. Indies.) Culms numerous, succulent, and thickish, rooting at the base, ascending to 1 or 2 feet long; leaves crowded below, erect, linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, ciliate on the margins, striate; lower sheaths inflated; panicle about 2 inches long, of 5 to 8 branches becoming Icng exserted; rachis and branches hairy and angular, lower branches about 1 inch long; spikelets 1} to 1} lines long, ovate-oblong, acute, lower glume one-third as long as the spikelet; perfect flower as in the preceding, but larger. The whole plant pale green.—Probably in Texas and New Mexico, certainly in Chihuahua, Mexico (Pringle, No. 375). 20. P. fuscum Swartz. (P. fasciculatum Swartz: Chapm. Fl. S. States, p. 574.) Culms 1 to 3 feet high, decumbent and branching at base; leaves linear or lan- ceolate-linear, 3 to 10 inches long, glabrous or pubescent; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, spreading, the branches simple or more or less fasciculated below, the lower about 2 28 inches long; rachis hairy; spikelets in pairs or in small clusters, 1} lines long, acutish, lower glume about one-third as long as the spikelet, deltoid, second and third glumes 5- to 7-nerved, and cross-nerved.—Texas. Var. MAJOR. Culmsstouter, 2 to3 feet high; branched; sheaths and leaves scabrous- punctulate or smoothish, leaves broader, acuminate; panicle fuller, 3 to 6 inches long, branches more numerous (up to 20 or 30), scattered and fasciculate; rachis and branches scabrous, and with scattered hairs. Var. FASCICULATUM (P. fasciculatum Swartz). Leaves longer and wider (8 to 10 lines wide), panicle 4 to 5 inches long, the branches very numerous, spikelets be- coming dark brown.—Southern Florida. 21. P. grossarium Linn. Amoen. V. p. 392. Specimens from ballast ground at Philadelphia have been referred to this species, but if correct it seems too near P. fuscum. §6. PoLYSTACHY Benth. Small forms P. anceps might come in this group. 22, P. barbinode Trin. (PARA Grass). (Icon. xxvit. t. 318), (P. molle Swartz). Culms 2 to 6 feet high, stout, ascending; nodes villous; leaves linear-acuminate, glabrescent; panicle lax, 6 to8 inches long; branches mostly simple, fascicled, spread- ing, about 2 inches long, somewhat distant; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, glabrous, one-sided, spreading; lowest glume deltoid, one-fourth as long as the spikelet, L- nerved, second and third equaling the spikelet, 5-nerved; fertile flower ellipsoidal, bluntish.—Introduced and cultivated in the South. 23. P. gymnocarpon Ell. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 573.)—Perennial. Culms 2 to 4 feet high, erect, rigid, smooth; leaves lanceolate, smooth, 1 foot long or more, 1 inch or more wide, cordate at base; sheaths shorter than the internodes, striate, nodes black; panicle large, 9 to 15 inches long, branches 4 to 6 inches long, erect-spread- ing, scattered or 2 to 3 together, racemose; spikelets in nearly sessile clusters of 3 to 6, appressed along the branches, somewhat one sided, 24 to 3 lines long, lanceo- late; outer glumes nearly alike, lanceolate-subulate, rough-keeled, 2 to 3 times longer than the perfect flower; first glume 3-nerved, a little to one-third shorter than the second and third about 5-nerved ; the third glume or neutral flower with a palet one- half as long.—Florida to Texas, 24. P. repens Lim, (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, suppl., p. 666.) Culms 14 to 2 feet high, from strong creeping rhizomes, leafy, covered below with loose sheath with short or deticient blades, the blades becoming longer upward, conduplicate or involute, the uppermost 3 to 4 inches long, sometimes pubescent at the base; panicle erect, thin, 3 to 4 inches long; the branches alternate, naked at base, erect or slightly spreading, the lower ones each with 2 or 3 rather long, appressed branchlets, short-pediceled and appressed, interrupted or racemose along the slender branches, 1 line long, oval, acute, smooth; the lower glume broad, obtuse, one-third as long as the spikelet, second and third about 7-nerved.—Sandy shores of the Gulf, Florida to Texas. Var. CONFERTUM Vasey, Culms shorter, leates very divergent and rigid, panicle more condensed, the branches shorter and spikelets more crowded, lower glume rather longer and less obtuse.—Mobile, Ala., to Vera Cruz, Mex. (2177 F. Muller.) P. anceps Michx. See No. 55, 25, P. laxum Swartz. (Griseb. Fl. W. Indies, p. 548), of this group, common in the West Indies, is probably also in southern Florida, but I have seen no authentic speci- mens. 26. P. hians Ell. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 573.) Perennial. Culms slender, smooth, 6 to 18 inches high, simple, from slender, wiry, creeping root-stocks; leaves linear, 3 to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, smooth, erect; panicle rather small, 3 to 5 inches long, the slender, racemose branches 1 to 2 inches long, erect-spreading, mostly single and distant, the lower third naked; spikelets about 1 line long, in small, nearly sessile, approximate clusters; outer glumes ovate, acute, generally 3- 29 nerved, the lower one-half as long as the spikelet, third glume longer than the sec- ond and having a thick, rigid, obovate palet rather longer than its glume, and spreading apart from it, hence probably the name hians, from hio, to gape.—North Carolina to Texas. 27. P. ciliatissimum Buckl. Culms procumbent and much branched, often root- ing at the joints, at first short-jointed and much condensed, with leaves 1 to 1} inches long, and the panicles short and invaginate, becoming elongated, with long-exserted peduncle (lateral and terminal) becoming 14 to 2 inches long, narrow, with afew short, few- flowered, appressed branches, and linear-lanceolate, acuminate leaves 2 to 4 inches long, ciliate on the margins below, with sparsely ciliate and hairy sheaths, the nodes white-woolly ; spikelets ovate, acute, 2 lines long, pubescent or villous; the lower glume lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, smooth, except at the base, two-thirds as long as the spikelet; second 11- to 13-nerved, pubescent to densely villous, with a smooth, acute, hardened point; the third, or flowering glume of the sterile flower alittle shorter than the second, 5-nerved, ciliate on the margins, its palet equally long, ovate, thin; the fertile flower one-fourth to one-third shorter than the largest glume, obtusish, minutely furrowed.—Texas. § 7. Eupanicum Benth. 23, P.XanthophysumGray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 631.) Culms erect, 1 to2 feet high, simple or branched near the base ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 4 to 6 inches long, 5 to 10 lines wide, smooth, except the scabrous margins, strongly 9- to 11-nerved, rather contracted at the ciliate, clasping base; panicle long-exserted, 2 to 4 inches long, of afew, simple, erect or appressed, few-flowered branches; spikelets obovate, 1} lines long, minutely downy; lower glume about half the length of the spikelet, second and third about 9-nerved. Plant yellowish green.—Canada to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. 29, P. pedicellatum Vasey. Culms 1 to 2 feet high, slender, branching below, smooth; culm leaves 2 to 3 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, gradually tapering to an acute point, erect, somewhat rigid; main panicle long-exserted, the lateral ones less so, all small and few-flowered, 14 to 2 inches long, of 4 or 5 short branches, each only 2. to 3-flowered; spikelets long-pediceled, oblong-obovate, obtuse, 14 lines long, slightly pubescent, the lowest glume at some distance from the others,ovate, 1-nerved, nearly half as long as the spikelet; second and third glumes oblong, obtuse, 7-nerved.— Texas (J. Reverchon). Resembles P. angustifolium, Ell., but is smaller, with smaller, fewer-flowered pan- icle, and rather smaller spikelets. ; 30. P. depauperatum, Muhl. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 633. ) Culmserect, simple, tufted, 6 to 16 inches high; leaves of the culm about three, erect, narrowly linear, 3 to 6 inches long; sheaths usually pubescent; panicle small, 1 to 2 inches long, con- tracted sometimes overtopped by the upper leaves; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, obovate; lower glume one-third the length of the 7- to 9-nerved upper ones.—New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Florida, Texas, Arkansas and Missouri. 31. P. angustifolium Ell., non Chapman. Elliott’s Bot, 8. Car., I. p. 129. Culms weak, slender, smooth, 1 to 2 feet long, diffusely branched from the base; leaves linear, 3 to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide; sheaths short, nodes thickened; panicles simple, terminal and lateral, 3 to 5 inches long; the few branches single, capillary, distant, 1 to 3 inches long, bearing each 2 to 6 spikelets (mostly in pairs at the end of the branches); spikelets oblong-obovate, acute, 1} lines long, the outer glumes papillose-hispid, the lower one minute, acutish.—South Carolina to Texas. 32, P. nitidum Lam. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 632.) Culms 10 to 20 inches high, slender but firm, rarely branched, smooth ; leaves mostly at the base of culm, lanceolate or lance-linear, 1 to 2 inches long, rather rigid, and with the sheaths smooth, the culm leaves few and smaller; panicle ovate or oblong, 14 to 24 inches long; branches verticillate below, the lower ones 1 to 1} inches long, spreading, ca- < 30 pillary, numerously flowered; purplish spikelets on pedicels 2 to 4 times as long, oval, one-half to two-thirds line long, pubescent, the lowest glume one-fourth to one- third the length of the spikelet. Var. MINOR (P. ramulosum, of Chapm. Suppl., but I think can not be the plant of Michx.). Lower than the type (6 to 8 inches high); tufted; leaves narrower and smaller; panicle 1 to 14 inches long; rachis smooth; spikelets smooth or nearly 80; second and third glumes 5-nerved.—Florida. Var. ENSIFOLIUM (P. ensifolium Baldw.). Radical leaves linear-lanceolate, 14 inches long, smooth, those of the slender (8 to 12 inches long) culm distant, small (about one-half inch), and horizontally divergent; panicle depauperate, less than an inch long, the rays single and few-flowered.—Florida. Described from Dr. Chapman’s specimens, Var. MAJOR. Here could be placed several variable forms, mostly smooth, but with stouter culms, a more open, less dense panicle, with fewer and stouter branches (sometimes reflexed), and fewer and larger spikelets. 33. P laxiflorum Lam. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 633.) Culms erect, weak, 6 to 18 inches high, rarely branched, smooth below the panicle; leaves linear or lanceo- late-linear, 3 to 7 inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, mostly radical, the 2 or 3 of the culm little shorter, acuminate, nearly smooth except on the ciliate margins, pale green or yellowish-green; sheaths mostly shorter than the leaves, sparsely and re- trorsely villose ; ligule a ring of soft, white hairs ; panicle capillary, 2 or 3 inches long; branches sparingly divided from the base, mostly single, alternate and few-flowered, spreading ; the rachis and branches sparsely long-hairy ; spikelets long-pediceled, 1 line long, oval or elliptical, obtuse, strigosely pubescent, lower empty glume ovate, l-nerved, one-quarter as long as the spikelet; second and third glumes 7- to 9-nerved; fertile flower as long as the spikelet, acutish.—In sandy woods, Var. PUBESCENS. Culm rather stouter, and pubescent, 12 to 15 inches high; leaves hairy, shorter, lanceolate, the lower 2 to 24 inches long, 3 to 5 lines wide, the upper about 1 inch, upper sheath elongated; panicle 2 to 34 inches long, the branches and spikelets more numerous, and spikelets smaller; lowest glume roundish ovate, one- third as long as the spikelets; second and third glumes 5- to 7-nerved. Closely approaches P. nitidum, and is perhaps the P. nitidum var. ciliatum Torr, 34. P. dichotomum, Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 633.) Culm 10 to 30 inches high; at first mostly simple, smooth, or pubescent, bearing a more or less exserted, spreading, compound panicle, 1 to 4 inches long, and lanceolate, flat leaves; those of the culm larger above, 3 to 4 inches long; those at the root tufted, usually ovate- lanceolate, short, and thick; the culms commonly branching later in the season, the branches often clustered, and bearing smaller, mostly included panicles; spikelets # of a line long oblong-obovate, pubescent or downy, lower glume one-third as long as the spikelet. Var. BARBULATUM. With the nodes barbed, and with the sheaths smooth or pu- bescent. Var. VIRIDE, Smooth all over, leaves light green and narrower. Var. DIVARICATUM. Erect, 6 to 9 inches high, slender, smooth, very much branched above the base, caspitose, the radical leaves very short and tufted, those of the culm and branches very narrowly linear or involute, acuminate, about 1 inch long, divaricate, the numerous panicles small, racemose, few-flowered ; the spikelets on alternate filiform pedicels 4 to 1 inch long; spikelets three-fourths of a line long, oval-oblong, smooth; third glume equaling the spikelet 7-nerved; fertile flower as long as the spikelet. Var, VILLOSUM (P. villosum Ell.). Culms decumbent, branching from the first ; leaves scabrous above; ciliate, sheaths and culms villous, panicle thinner and fewer- flowered. Var. ELATUM. Culms tall (2 to 3 feet), erect, smooth; cauline leaves 4 to 5 inches long, 5 to 6 lines wide, smooth, very acute; panicle 4 inches long, smooth ; the branches long, erect, spreading, rather sparsely flowered; spikelets a little more 31 than 1 line long, smooth, oblong, acutish, the lower glume ovate, acute or acutish, nearly half as long as the spikelet, fertile Hower shorter than the spikelet. 35. P. neuranthum Griseb. (Pl. Cubens. p, 232), Erect or ascending, about 1 foot high, slender, smooth; leaves linear-acuminate, 2 to 4 inches long, firm, flat or subinvolute; terminal panicle long exserted, L to 2 inches long, with few-flowered, divergent branches, the lateral panicles numerous, narrow, short (less than 1 inch long), oval, pubescent; lower glume minute, deltoid, nearly nerveless, one-third to one-fourth as long as the spikelet, second and third 7-nerved, equaling the fertile flower, which is ovoid, obtuse, and smooth, Var. RAMOSUM Griseb. Ascending, much branched, leaves flat or involute, very narrow ; spikelets 1 line long, elliptical, obtuse.—South Carolina, Florida, to Texas. 36. P. Joorii Vasey. Culms about | foot high, much branched above, very leafy ; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, 6 to 10 lines wide, thinnish, smooth, those of the extreme branches smaller; panicles numerous, small, inclosed in the sheaths, few-flowered ; spikelets oblong, over 1 line long, sparsely pubescent.—Louisiana (Dr. J. F. Joor) and Mississippi (S. WM. Tracy), This is very unusual in its abundant large leaves and condensed form, growing in dense tufts. 37. P. nudicaule Vasey. Culms 14 to 2 feet high, slender, with 2 or 3 long inter- nodes; leaves mostly near the base, linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, smooth, light green, the 2 to 3 culm-leaves distant, narrow, giving the culma naked appearance ; panicle long exserted, small, smooth, 2 to 3 inches long, Linch wide, sparsely flowered, branches alternate; spikelets elliptical-oblong, acute, 1} lines long, smooth, the slower glume very small (one-fifth as long as the spikelet); second glume 7-nerved; third, 5-nerved; fertile flower one-fourth shorter than the spikelet.— Swamps, Santa Rosa County, Florida (A. H. Curtiss), 38. P. consanguineum Kth.(Gray’s Manual,6th ed., p.633) (P. villosum Ell.) .Culms about 14 feet high, erect, branching in age; leaves linear-lanceolate, mostly about 3 inches long, 2 to 5 lines wide, the later ones almost filiform, somewhat pubescent, sheaths villose; panicle 2 to 3 inches long, open, rather thin; spikelets 1 to 1} lines long, pubescent.—South Carolina to Florida. 39. P. scoparium Lam. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 632). (P. pauciflorum E11.) Culms erect, becoming branched and reclining, 1 to 2 feet high, somewhat scabrous; leaves erect, about 3 inches long, 4 to 5 lines wide, faintly nerved, scabrous on the margins, hairy fringed near the base, the sheaths bristly with stiff spreading hairs or smoothish; the panicle 2 to 3 inches long, spreading, open, branches smooth, _mostly simple, alternate, rather few-flowered; spikelets 14 to 1% lines long, oval to obovate, hairy or smoothish; lower glume about one-third as long as spikelet.—New England to California and southward. A widespread species, Var. MAJOR (P. scoparium Ell.). This differs from the preceding in its stouter, rougher culm, larger leaves, 4 to 6 inches long, three-fourths of an inch wide (1 to 14 inches wide, Elliott), soft-pubescent below, and its spikelets 2 lines long.—We have only seen this from South Carolina (Dr. Ravenel), Var. ANGUSTIFOLIUM. Culms tall and erect, 2 to 3 feet high, branching; leaves longer and narrower than the type, 3 or 4 inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, rather rigid; sheaths sparsely pubescent; panicle long-exserted, 3 to 4 inches long.—South Caro- lina-(Dr. Ravenel), Illinois (Dr. Schenck) and Fortress Monroe, Va. (Dr. Vasey). Var. LIEBERGIL (P. Liebergit Scribn.) Culms tall and erect, unbranched, 2 feet high; leaves lanceolate, distant, 3 to 4 inches long, 6 to 9 lines wide, scabrous or papillose, hairy, about 1ll-nerved; sheath shorter than the internodes; panicle about 3 inches long, 1 inch wide, the fewish branches erect-spreading and few-flow- ered.—Plymouth County, Iowa (John Liebergq). 40. P. Wilcoxianum. Culms about 6 inches high, entire or sparingly branched and with the leaves more or less white-hairy; leaves linear-lanceolate, erect, acu- minate, 2 to 3 inches long, hairy both sides, rather rigid, sheaths striate, hairy, 32 mostly longer than the internodes, ligule ubsolete; panicle oblong, rachis zigzag, 1 inch jong; lower branches subverticillate, short; spikelets about 1} lines long, pubes- cent; lower glume ovate, one-fourth as long as the spikelet; second and third glumes with 5 to 7 broad nerves, the third hardly as long asthe flowering glume.—Nebraska (Dr. T. E. Wiicov). Perhaps a depauperate form of the preceding. 41. P. spherocarpon Ell. (Chapm. FI., 8. States, Suppl. p. 667.) Culms 15 to 24 inches long, 5 to 7 lines wide, lanceolate, acute, obscurely nerved, smooth except at the ciliate-cordate base; sheaths shorter than the joints, smooth ; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, spreading; spikelets oval, five-eighths to three-fourths of a line long, smoothish lower glume one-third as long as the spikelet.—Dry or moist ground, of same range as the next species. Differs from P. dichotomum in its wider, more rigid, smooth, pale leaves, with cordate base. Var. FLORIDANUM. Culms J} to 24 feet high, rigidly erect; leaves rigid, erect, 6 to 7 on the culm, lanceolate, smooth, about 3 inches long, 5 to 6 lines wide, the margins near the base, and sheaths ciliate ; panicle oval to oblong, 3 to 5inches long, and spikelets one-half line long, pubescent, the ower glume } or } as long as the spikelet.—Florida. Described by Dr. Chapman as P, spherocarpon Ell, but it hardly agrees with Elli- ott’s description. It is intermediate between P. microcarpon and P. spherocarpon. 42, P. microcarpon Muhl. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 633.) (P. multiflorum EI1.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, stout, erect, smooth: leaves 4 to7 inches long, 9 to 12 lines wide, lanceolate, gradually tapering to a slender point, with nine to eleven nerves, rough- ish above and on the margin, sometimes bristly-ciliate at the rounded, clasping base, smooth on the under side, sheaths mostly longer than the internodes, smooth except on the margins; ligule nearly obsolete, panicle becoming long-peduncled, 3 to 7 inches long, 1 to 2 inches broad, spreading, multiflorous, branches mostly verticillate, very numerous, flowering to the base, spikelets mostly long-pediceled, oval, five- eighths of a line long, nearly smooth, lower glume one-fourth as long as spikelet, sec- ond glume 7-nerved.—Low ground, Massachusetts to Texas. 43. P. viscidum Ell. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 632.) Culms 2 to4 feet high, stout, becoming much branched, leafy, velvety-downy all over, except a narrow ring below each node; sheaths suft-downy, the hairs spreading or reflexed and often viscid, leaves downy or smoothish, lanceolate, 4 to 8 inches long, diffuse, the branches numerous and much subdivided, spikelets fully 1 line long, oblong-obovate, pubes- cent, lower glume one-fourth to one-fifth as long as the 7- to 9-nerved upper one.— Common. 44, P. commutatum Schultes, (Chapm. FI, 8. States, Suppl. p. 667.) (2D. nervo- sum Muhl.) Culms 2 to 2} feet long, erect, unbranched, rather slender, smooth; leaves at the base rigid, ovate-lanceolate, the three or four culm leaves firm but not rigid, mostly 3 to 4 inches long, 8to 12 lines wide, acuminate, cordate at base, smooth except on the margins, sheaths smooth or somewhat pubescent, much shorter than the nodes; panicle peduncled, 3 to 5 inches long, 2 to 3 inches wide, open, rather thin, branches smooth, single or subverticillate ; spikelets rather long-pediceled, oblong, sparsely hairy, 1 to 1} lines long; lower glumes one-third as long as the spikelet, sec- ond about 5- and third 7-nerved.—Pennsylvania to Texas, A fine species, in appear- ance like P. clandestinum, but more slender, with shorter leaves and smaller spikelets, which are early deciduous. Var. MINOR, differs from the preceding in its rather smaller size (14 to 2 feet), and smaller panicle, and the spikelets more persistent.—Southern States. 45. P.clandestinum Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 632.) Culmsrigid, 2 to 3 feet high, leafy to the top, rarely branched, upper nodes smooth, the lower often hairy; sheaths smoothish, or the lower ones often rough with papillose, bristly hairs, shorter than the internodes, leaves large, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 inches long, 9 to 15 lines wide, with a cordate, clasping base, very taper-pointed, smooth except the tough margins; panicle at first partially sheathed, becoming long-pedunculate, some- 83 what oblong in outline, 4 to 6 inches long, open and becoming spreading, branches verticillate; spikelets 14 lines long, slightly pubescent or smooth, oblong-ovate to obovate; the lower glume acutish, nearly one-half as long as the spikelet, second and third equal, many nerved; perfect flower oblong, pointed.—New England to Virginia, North Carolina, and westward to Illinois. 46. P. latifolium Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 632.) Culms 1 to 2} feet high, smooth, mostly simple, the nodes (generally) and the collar of the sheath soft wooly- hairy; sheaths smooth or more or less pubescent; leaves broadly lanceolate from a cordate, clasping base, 3 to 4 inches long, } to 14 inches wide, tapering to a point, roughish above, smooth, or sparsely hairy below, 1l- to 13-nerved; panicle more or less exserted, becoming long-peduncled, 2 to 4 inches long, the branches mostly alternate, spreading, rather few flowered ; spikelets 14 to 2 lines long, obovate, sparsely pubescent; the lower glume one-third, or less than one-half as long as the spikelet, upper one about 9-nerved.—Maine to Texas, Var. MOLLE, Downy all over.—Virginia to Louisiana. Var. AUSTRALIS. Leaves more contracted at base, and spikelets larger (2 to 24 lines),—Alabama to Texas. 47..P. scabriusculum Ell.? Chapm. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 576). (P. Nealleyi Vasey.) Culms 3 to4 feet high, firm, smooth, rarely branched; leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 8 inches long, one-half inch wide, long-pointed, firm, mostly smooth except near the base ; sheaths shorter than the joints, mostly smooth, or sometimes sparsely pubes- cent; panicle larger, 5 to 8 inches long, diffuse, smooth, branches mostly alternate, much divided, the larger ones 3 inches long; spikelets ovate, acutish, sparingly pubescent when young, becoming smooth; lower glume small; second glume strongly 7- to 9-nerved.—North Carolina to Texas, This is the P. scabriusculum described by Chapman, but does not appear to me to answer that of Elliott, who compares his with P. virgatum. 48. P.capillare Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.630). Culms 10 to 20 inches high, mostly branched at the base. rather robust, erect or ascending; sheaths and usually the leaves copiously hairy or hirsute; panicles, lateral and terminal, half to two-thirds the length of the plant, vaginate below, much branched, the branches divaricate when old; spikelets ovoid to oblong or lanceolate, obtusish, acute or even acuminate, $ to nearly 2 lines long, smooth, on long capillary pedicels; lower glume one-half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, obtuse to acuminate, fertile flower obtusish, rather shorter than the spikelet.—All over the continent. Var, CAMPESTRE Gattinger. Culms slender, 14 to 2 feet high, much branched, leaves and sheaths sparsely hirsute, panicle, rather pyramidal, much shorter than in the type, 4 to 6 inches long, more open and thinly flowered, spikelets three-fourths of a line long, smooth, oblong, rather acute, lower glume obtusish.—Tennessee (Dr. Gattinger). Var. FLEXILE Gattinger. Culms slender, 14 to 24 feet high, branched below, leaves linear, 6 to 10 inches long, narrow, erect, smooth or smoothish, sparsely ciliate on the margins and sheaths, panicle longer and narrower than in the preceding, 5 to 9 inches long, 2 to 4 inches wide, branches slightly spreading, single or in twos, smooth; spikelets 14 lines long, lanccolate-acuminate, lower glume acute, perfect flower one-third shorter than the spikelet.—Tennessee (Dr. Gattinger). 49, P. capillarioides Vasey. Contr. U. 8. Herb. 1, p. 54. In habit and appear- ance much like P. capillare, but generally less’ hirsute, and with a smaller panicle. The branches of the panicle are more rigid. The spikelets are twice as large and more clustered at the end of the branches. They are 2 lines or more long; long- conical and acuminate.—Texas (Mr. G. C. Nealley, Miss Mary B. Croft). 50. P. autumnale Buse. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630.) (P. divergens Muhl.) Culms 12 to 18 inches high, erect or decumbent below; leaves comparatively small, 2 or 3inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, smooth except on the scabrous or undulate margins ; sheaths smooth or the lower ones, sparsely hairy, ligule membranaceous, obtuse, 12974—No. 13 [Feb. 25, 1892.] 34 conspicuous; panicle very effuse, one-third the length of the culm or more, the capillary branches long and sparingly divided, often reflexed at maturity, and some- what scabrous, the axils sometimes sparsely hairy, the branchlets or pedicles long, naked, and terminated by a single spikelet, spindle shaped or obovate, 1 to 14 lines long, acute; the lower glume very minute (one-sixth to one eighth as long as the spikelet); second and third glumes acute, ciliate near the apex, or in southwestern specimens (var. pubiflorum) pubescent all over, but little longer than the acute flow- ering glume.—Illinois to Texas and the Southern States. , 51. P. Hallii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x1. p, 61, Culms slender, 1 to 2 feet high, branching; leaves slender, 4 to 6 inches long; sheaths sparsely pubescent or smvoth; panicle open, diffuse, 4 to 5 inches long, sparsely flowered ; spikelets 14 lines long, acute, smooth; lower glumes half as long as spikelets, perfect flower 4 little shorter. — Texas. More slender than P, capillare, with smoother culms, smaller panicles, stouter branches, and rather larger spikelets, This species has resemblance to P. capiliare on one side and to P proliferum on the other. From the first, it is distinguished by its more erect slender culms, never more than sparsely pubescent, smaller panicle, with erect-spreading stouter branches, and usually larger or thicker spikelets; from the second, by its smaller size, more erect culms, and smaller panicles, with shorter branches. o2. P. proliferum Lam. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.630.) Annual; culms usually thickish, often succulent, branching, geniculate at the decumbent or procumbent base, 14 to 3 feet long, glabrous; leaves linear, 6 to 12 inches long, sheaths flattened, glabrous, ligule ciliate; panicles terminal and lateral, 4 to 12 inches long, the long, slender primary branches at leugth spreading and diffuse; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, pale green, sometimes purplish, appressed, short pediceled, lower glume broad, obtusish, about one-fourth as long asthe spikelet; perfect flower a little shorter than the spikelet.—Damp places, Maine to Texas. Var. GENICULATUM (P. geniculatum Ell.) Culms 3 to 6 feet high, succulent, some- times nearly an inch thick at the base, bent and branching at the joints, leaves sometimes 2 feet long and 6 to 10 lines wide; sheaths much inflated when young, sometimes a little hairy at the base; panicle sometimes 2 feet long, very diffuse. A valuable grass.—Southern States to Texas. 53. P. miliaceum Linn. Sp. Plant, 86, Culms 2 to 4 feet high, erect, branched, pubescent ; sheaths loose, striate, hirsutely pubescent; leaves tlat, linear-lanceolate, 6 to 10 inches long, 4 to 8 lines wide, smoothish above, sparsely pubescent below ; panicle oblong, nodding, 6 to 10 inches long, branches verticilate, erect-spreading (not diffuse), solitary or in pairs, angular, hispid, or scabrous; spikelets ovate, acuminate, glabrous, 2 lines long; lower glume broad, very acuminate, 5-nerved, about one- half as long as the spikelet; the third glume 7- to 9-nerved, a little longer than the oval, acute, biconvex, perfect flower.—Cultivated and rarely escaped from culti- vation. Valuable for forage. 54, P. verrucosum Muh!. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.631.) Culms slender, 1 to 3 feet long, somewhat branching, smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate, 3 to4 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide, and with the sheaths glabrous; panicles mostly terminal, 6 to 10 inches long, diffusely-spreading, branches mostly single, capillary, rather few flow- ered; spikelets 3 to 1 line long, obovate or oval, obtuse or abruptly acute; the outer glumes roughened with fine warts, the lower one abont one-fourth as long as the spikelet; perfect flower acute, about equaling the spikelet.—New England to Florida and Mississippi. 55. P. sparsiflorum Vasey. (P. angustifolium Chapm. non Ell: Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 574.) Culms weak, slender, smooth, 1 to 2 feet long, diffusely branched from the base; leaves linear, 3 to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide; sheaths short ; nodes thickened ; panicles simple, terminal and lateral, 3 to 5 inches long, the few branches single, capillary, distant, 1 to 3 inches long, bearing each 2 to 6 spikelets, mostly in pairs at the end of the branchlets; spikelets oblong-obovate, acute, 1} lines 35 long, the outer glumes papillose-hispid, the lower one minute, acutish.—South Caro- lina to Texas, 56. P. anceps Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.631.) Culms flattened, erect, 2to3 feet high, less stout than in P. agrostoides, from strong creeping root-stocks; leaves rather broadly linear, a foot or more long, 4 to 5 lines wide, smooth or the lower ones with the sheaths pubescent; panicles contracted, lateral and terminal, 6 to 12 inches long, the branches from single to verticillate, rather distant, particularly below, generally very abundantly flowered ; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, ovate-lan- ceolate, pointed, the apex a little curved; lower glume about one-balf as long as the spikelet; upper glume 5- to 7-nerved. Var, PUBESCENS, Leaves and sheaths more or less pubescent; panicle and branches slender; spikelets ovate lanceolate, acute, little more than 1 line long.—Mobile, Ala. (Dr. Mohr). ; ; Var. ANGUSTA. Lower sheaths villose; leaves very long and narrow, erect, rigid; spikelets narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1} lines long, the lower glume one-third as long as the spikelet.—Texas. (G@. C. Nealley.) Var. DENSIFLORUM. Leaves broad; panicle glomerate and interrupted, the branches densely flowered ; spikelets lanceolate, 14 lines long.—Texas (J. F. Riggs). 57. P. agrostoides Spreng. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 631.) Culms flattened, erect, stout, 2 to 4 feet high, usually in thick clumps, glabrous, much branched above, the branches erect; leaves linear, 1 to 2 feet long, 3 to4 lines wide, smooth as also the compressed sbeaths; panicles terminal and lateral, 4 to 12 inches long, oblong, be- coming pyramidal, very full, the lower branches 2 to 3 inches long, much subdivided to the base; spikelets racemose, very short pediceled, crowded and mostly one-sided on the branches, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, ? to 14 lines long; lower glumes acute or acutish, half as long as the spikelet; second and third glumes 5-nerved, half longer than the perfect flower, the latter slightly bearded at the apex.—In wet ground. Varies in the size and form of the spikelets, which in the Western form seldom exceed a line long; there isan Eastern form in which the spikelets are lanceolate, about 14 lines Jong, and the perfect flower small and conspicuously stalked. 58. P. bulbosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. I. p.99. Rhizoma creeping, thick, bulbous; culms 4 to 5 feet high, smooth, stout, with long internodes; leaves long and nar- row (1 to 2 feet by 2 to 4 lines), smooth, or the lower ciliate below; panicle about 1 foot long, spreading, copious, pale green; branches scattered and verticillate, the lower 4 to 5 inches long, much subdivided nearly to the base, branchlets slender and numerously flowered ; spikelets sometimes in pairs or racemose, 1} lines long, smooth, obtuse or acutish, not acuminate; lower glume half or rather more than half as long as the spikelet, broad, three-nerved, acutish; second and third glumes equal, 5-nerved, the third with a narrow palet; pertect flower as long as the spikelet, oblong, lanceolate, abruptly acute, the point sometimes a little roughened,—Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. ' Var. MINOR (P. maximum, var. bulbosum Munro). A smaller form, about 2 feet high, with the panicle much reduced.—In same region, Probably P. avenaceum Kth. is not different, o9. P. maximum Jacq. Coll. I. p. 76. (P. jumentorum Pers.) Culms erect, 3 to 5 feet high, glabrous; nodes softly pubescent; leaves iinear, 1 to 14 feet long, 9 to 12 lines wide, rather rigid, margin scabrous; sheaths smooth; panicle 14 feet long, much branched, hispid or scabrous, the branches verticillate, long and contracted, racemose, scabrous; spikelets mostly short-pediceled, 14 lines long, ovate, smooth, acute; lower glumes about one-third as long as the spikelets; second glume shorter than the spikelet ; perfect flower acute.—Introduced and cultivated in the South, 60. P. amarum Ell. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 631.) Culms» to3 feet high, froma stout running root stock, thick, columnar. nearly one-half inch in diameter; leaves nearly flat, almost coriaceous, glaucous, | to 1} feet long, 4 to 6 lines wide, tapering 36 to a long, slender point ; sheaths glabrous, striate; panicle 1 foot or more in length, appressed, or becoming somewhat spreading, the lower branches verticillate, 6 inches long, subdivided nearly to the base, narrowly paniculate; spikelets rather racemose, ovate, 23 lines long, acute; glumes thick, the lower glume about two- thirds the length of spikelet, acute; second glume the longest, 7-nerved, acu- minate; third glume rather shorter and obtusish; perfect flower linear-oblong, obtuse, one-fourth shorter than the spikelet.—Grows among the sand hills on the seashore. South Carolina to Florida. Var. MINOR Vasey & Scribn. Leaves involute; panicle shorter, narrower, distantly branched, comparatively few-flowered, the branches rather glomerate and unequal ; spikelets rather large (24 to 3 lines); the lower glumes longer, or nearly as long as the spikelet.—Fort Monroe, Va., and northward, near the coast. 61. P. virgatum Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 631.) Stout, erect, unbranched, 8 to 5 feet high, from strong, creeping root-stocks; leaves flat, very long (1 foot or more), 3 to 4 lines wide, smooth; panicle compound, 6 to 18 inches long; branches single to verticillate, generally very numerous and becoming diffuse, spreading or drooping ; spikelets on rough pedicels, 14 to 2 lines long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pointed, smooth; lower glume more than half the length of the spikelet (sometimes two-thirds), 5-nerved; second 5-nerved; third 5- to 7-nerved, acute to acuminate, larger than the perfect flower; sterile flower with 3 stamens; widely diffused and quite variable.—Maine to Florida, and throughout the interior of the country. The Atlantic form has spikelets about 14 lines long. The Western form has spike- lets about 2 lines long, the glumes acuminate. A form on the Atlantic coast has the panicle quite close and rather oblong, and may be called var, CONFERTA ; another form (var, ELONGATA) has a very long and narrow panicle, with spikelets even 24 lines long. 62. P. Havardii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xiv. p. 95. (P. virgatum var. macrosper- mum, Vasey.) With-the habit of Western forms of P. virgatum, but much stouter ; culms 5 to 6 feet high, with rigid, involute, long-pointed, glaucous leaves, ligule a ring of short hairs; panicle 1} feet long, diffuse, the branches less abundantly flowered ; spikelets 3 lines long; lowest glume one-half as long as the spikelet, promi- nently 5- to 7-nerved; second glume 9-nerved, ovate, acuminate; third glume 5- to 7-nerved, its thick palet nearly as long; fertile flower about one-fourth shorter than the spikelet.—Guadalupe Mountains, Texas (Dr. Havard, G. C. Nealley). § 8. FRUTESCENTES Vasey. 63. P. divaricatum Linn. (Chapm. FI. S. States, p. 575.) Shrubby, smooth; culms 6 to 8 feet high with short and spreading branches; leaves lanceolate, acumi- nate, 2 to 4d inches long, 2 to 6 lines wide, deciduous from the persistent sheaths ; panicles terminating the branches, 1 to 3 inches long, nearly simple or branched, the branches rather distant and diverging, half to 1 inch long, rather sparsely subdi- vided; spikelets smooth, 2 lines long, tumid, obovate, nodding, on pedicels as long or longer; lower glume triangular-ovate, one-third as long as the spikelet; second and third glumes as long as the spikelet, very broad, 9- to 1l-verved; apex of the fertile flower downy-tipped.—Southern Florida. ¢ 9. VILLIFLORA Vasey. 64. P. Urvilleanum Kth. (Bot. Cal. u. p. 259.) Culms 14 to 2 feet high, from a strong running root-stock, the whole plant densely soft-hairy; near the base short- jointed and covered with weather-worn leaves or sheaths; leaves rigid, 12 to 18 inches lony, 3 lines wide at the base, becoming convolute, and ending in a long, setaceous point, the upper ones exceeding the panicle, the latter 6 to 10 inches long, open, but rather contracted, the branches semiverticillate or scattered, the shorter ones flowering to the base; the longer ones (3 to 4 inches long) racemosely subdivided 37 and flower bearing toward the ends or throughout; spikelets 2} to 3 lines long, ovate, acute; the empty glumes silky-villous; lower glume 7-nerved, two-thirds as long as the 15-nerved second glume ; third glume rather shorter, 11- to 13-nerved ; perfect flower oblong, glabrous, except on the margins, these long-ciliate.—In sand, south- ern California to Arizona. § 10. Ecutnocu1oa Benth. 65. P. colonum Linn. (P. Walteri Ell: Chapm. Fl. 8. 8. p. 577.) Culms 1 to 2 feet high, erect or decumbent at the base; leaves flat, glabrous; panicle 2 to 4 inches long, of several simple one-sided, distant, usually erect branches or sessile spikes, one-half to three-fourths inch long. Spikelets about 1 line long, ovoid, densely crowded in about 4 rows; outer glumes coarsely pubescent, or rarely glabrous, the first rarely half as long as the second and third, these nearly equal, often ending in short points, but not awned.—Introduced in the South, very common from Texas to California. 66. P. Crus-galli Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed.,’p. 633.) Usually annual, culms coarse, decumbent, usually branching below, 2 to 4 feet high; leaves long, rough ; sheaths rough, hispid or smooth; panicle dense, of numerous simple sessile spikes 1 to 2 inches long; spikelets crowded. and clustered, outer glumes strongly hispid, acute or sometimes with long hispid awns. Introduced and very common. In the South appearing to be native. Very variable in size and appearance. Var. HIRSUTUM, Torr, —Sheaths hirsute-pubescent or smooth; glumes long-awned. Var. MUTICUM, glumes without awns, § 11. HymeNnaAcuNE Benth, 67, P. gibbum Ell. (Chapm. Fl. S. States, p. 573.) Culms branched, decum- bent; ¥ to 3 feet high; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate to a long point, 6 to 12 inches long, one-half to three-fourths inch wide; panicle 5 to 6 inches long, confined ; the branches appressed, 1 to 2 inches long; spikelets loosely crowded on pedicels about their own length, about 14 lines long, oblong, obtuse; the lower glume 5-nerved one-fourth as long as the second, the latter strongly 11-nerved, gibbous at the base; sterile flower with 3 stamens; fertile flower smooth, half as long as the spikelet.—Swamps South Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. OPLISMENUS Beauv. Spikelets in small, sessile, distant clusters of the simple panicle, the spikelets one-sided in the clusters, the lower and the second empty glumes always (and the third frequently) awned, the lower long-awned. 1, O, setarius R, & 8. (Panicum hirtellum Linn: Chapm, Fl, 8. States,577.) Culms weak, decumbent and rooting below, 1 to 2 feet long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 14 inches long; panicle racemose, 3 to 4 inches long, consisting of 5 to 9 small sessile clusters of spikelets, each of 3 to 5; lower empty glume with an awn 3 to 4 times as long as the spikelet, second a little shorter, the third less than a line long.—F lorida to Texas, coastwise. SETARIA Beany. Spikelets in a cylindrical spike-like or sometimes interrupted panicle. Below the articulation of the spikelets are several, usually many, bris- tles, which are supposed to be abortive branchlets and persistent after the fall of the spikelets. The spikelets contain one terminal fertile flower (its glume and palet indurated and striate), and usually a lower 38 male or sterile one. Empty glumes 3, the lower one small, the second usually shorter than the third, the flowering glume indurated; the second flower when present consisting of a thin palet and sometimes 4 stamens. * Bristles barbed upward. 1. Setaria viridis Beauv. (GREEN FOXTAIL, PIGEON GRASS.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 634.) Spikes 2 to 4 inches long, strictly erect, cylindrical, dense, tawny yellow (exceptin varieties); flowering glume transversely wrinkled, bristles 6 to 10 in cluster, much longer than the spikelets.—Very common in cultivated fields, ete. 2. S. glauca Beauv. (FOXTAIL, PIGEON GRASS.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 634.) Spikes 2% to 4 inches long, strictly erect, cylindrical, dense, tawny yellow (except in varieties) ; flowering glume transversely wrinkled; bristles 6 to 10 in a cluster much longer than the spikelets. —Extensively naturalized. There is a smooth, perennial form in the Southern and Southwestern States, called by Dr. Chapman var. L&vIGATa. There is also a form in the South with purplish bristles. , 3. S. imberbis R. & 8S. Syst. u. 891. Spikes very narrow (2 to 3 lines wide), 2 to 3 inches long, not so dense as in S, glauca, and the bristles (yellow to purple) much shorter, as long or twice as long as the spikelets; leaves narrow, erect.—Texas and southwestward. 4. S.corrugata Schultes. (Chapm. Flora 8, States, p. 573.) (Panicum corrugatum Ell.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, often branched below; leaves narrow, 6 to 12 inches long; spike cylindrical or tapering to the apex, dense, erect, or bending, 3 to 6 inches long; branches of panicle 6- to 10-flowered; fertile flower, strongly convex, trans- versely rugose, smaller than in 8S. glauca; bristles much exceeding the spikelets; pur- plish.—Dr. Chapman says, ‘‘Dry soil, Florida and Georgia.” 5. S.ItalicaKth. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.634.) Culms1}to3 feet high; leaves wide; spikes oblong to cylindrical, dense, more or less compound, thick, nodding ; bristles yellowish or purplish, longer or shorter than the spikelets, Exceedingly variable under cultivation. Cultivated as millet or Hungarian grass.— A native of Europe, rarely spontaneous. 6. S.composita Kth. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p.578.) Culms smooth, 2 to 4 feet long; leaves 1 foot or more long, the fringed sheaths rough, hairy at the throat ; panicle 6 to 12 inches long, loose, compound, tapering to the apex, the lower clusters spreading or scattered, } to 1 inch long; perfect flower, acute, with faint transverse lines. Much like S. setosa.—Dry, sandy soil, Florida, Apalachicola to Key West. 7. S. macrostachya H. B. K.? perhaps S. magna Griseb, (Kunth Enum, Plant, 1, p. 154.) Culms 4 to 8 feet high, thick, smooth; leaves } to 1 inch wide, a foot or more long, very rough; spike 1 foot to 18 inches long, nearly cylindrical, tapering at the apex, very dense, the lower clusters scattered ; fertile flower smooth, smaller than in the preceding bristles 1 or 2 to each spikelet, much longer than the clusters.— Swamps along the coast North Carolina to Florida and west to Mississippi. Con- fused by Dr. Chapman with S. Jtalica, 8. S. setosa Beauv. Agrost, p.178. (Paniewm setosum Trin.?) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, apparently «nnual, sometimes branched below, smooth; leaves often 1 foot long, three-fourths inch wide, sometimes scabrous; ligule ciliate, lower sheaths shorter than the internodes; panicle 6 to 19 inches long, not cylindrical, tapering to the apex erect or somewhat nodding, loose or somewhat dense, compressed, the erect, spreading branches ¢ to 1 inch long; lower glume one-fourth, second glume three-fourths as long as the third, perfect flower acute, transversely rugose.—Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico. Resembles No.6, but with smaller spikelets. Secms to pass gradually into the next species. 9. S. caudata Rk. & 5. Syst. u. p. 495. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, apparently perennial, much branched, sometimes decumbent and rooting below; panicle cyl- 39 indrical or nearly so, dense or sometimes interrupted, 3 to 6 inches long,3 to 4 lines thick ; leaves narrow, 1 to 3 lines wide: spikelets as in the preceding species, bristles usually much shorter.—Texas to Arizona and Mexico, 10. S. pauciseta Vasey. This species differs from the preceding in the smaller and more slender culms, apparently annual, the much looser, shorter, few flowered spikes, smaller, shorter leaves, and smaller spikelets, and corresponds better to the figure of S. caudata of Pl, 96, Trin.—Texas (No. 2096 C. Wright, Nealley), also Mexico (No. 381 Pringle). ** Bristles downwardly barbed. 11. S.verticillata Beauv. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 634.) Spike cylindrical, dense, 2 to 3 inches long, the clusters apparently whorled; bristles short, adhesive.—In culti- vated ground, adventitious from Europe. CENCHRUS Linn. Spikelets as in Panicum, awnless, but inclosed 1 to 5 together in a globular and bristly involucre, which becomes coriaceous, and forms a hard, rigid, and deciduous bur; the involucres sessile in a terminal spike. 1, C. tribuloides Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.634.) Annual; culms ascending, branching, 6 to 12 inches high; leaves flat ; spike oblong, of 8 to 20 spherical heads; involucre more or less downy, armed above with stout, compressed, broadly subu- late, erect, or spreading spines; bristles nore, or usually several below the spines, spikelets 2- to 3-flowered.—Sandy soil, extensively distributed. 2 C.echinatus Linn. (Chapm. Fl. 8, States, p. 578.) Culms erect or ascending, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves flat; spike cylindrical, 4 to 6 inches long, of 20 to 25 roundish involucres, downy, spiny above, and with a row of rigid barbed bristles above the base; 3- to 5-flowered; involucies purplish.—Field and waste grounds, North Car- olina to Mexico, 3. C. incertus M. A. Curtis, (Chapm. Fl. 8. States Suppl., p. 667.) Smooth, strict, nearly simple, erect or ascending, 2 to 3 feet long; leaves linear, folded; the lower sheaths longer than the internodes; spikes cylindrical, many- flowered, invo- Jucre naked and acute at the base, the 10 or 11 stout spines ciliate; spikelets gemi- nate, smooth ; sterile flower triandrons. (C, strictus Chapm.)—Sandy coast Florida to North Carolina. Description from Dr. Chapman's Southern Flora. 4, ©. myosuroides H.B.K. (Chapm. Fl. 8, States, Suppl. p. 667.) (Panicum cen- chroides Ell.) Culms 4 to 8 feet high, erect; leaves long, rigid, flat, or becoming con- volute toward the point; spikes cylindrical, 3 to 6 inches long, densely many-flow- ered; involucre small, 1-flowered, armed with 20 or more slender (not compressed) spines, as long as the spikelet.—South Florida, Georgia to Texas and westward, PENNISETUM Pers. Spikelets with one terminal perfect flower, and a second male or neuter one below it, solitary, or two or three together, closely sur- rounded by an involucre of usually numerous simple or plumose bris- tles which disarticulate from the pedicel with the spikelets. The spikelets crowded in a spike-like panicle, or on pedunculated spike- like branches. The lower empty glume is small, the second and third larger and longer than the perfect flower, the glume of which is thicker and more rigid; sterile flower consisting of a membranaceous palet. 1. P. setosum Rich. (Kth. Enum. Pl. I. p. 161.) Culm 4 feet high; leaves linear-acuminate, glabrous; spike cylindrical, dense, 6 to 7 inches long, involu- 4 40 cres sessile several of the bristles more than twice as long as the single spikelet; lower empty glume small (one-sixth as long as spikelet), second and third equaling the perfect flower, the latter linear-lanceolate.—Lastero Bay, Ilorida (4. P. Garber, 1878). P. typhoideum Rich. (CatT-TaIL MILLET.) (Penicillaria Willd.) This species is frequently cultivated in the South for fodder, STENOTAPHRUM Trin. Spikelets 2-flowered, the terminal one perfect and fertile, the lower one male or imperfect, the lowest empty glume short and obtuse, the second the largest, the two flowering glumes rather smaller, palets of both flowers similar in texture. The spikelets embedded, singly or two or three together, in alternate excavations of the broad flattened rhachis of a spike-like panicle. 1. S. Americanum Schrank. (Chapm. FI.S. States, p.579.) (Rottboellia dimidiata Ell.) Culms flattened, erect, 6 to 12 inches high, from creeping root-stocks, smooth ; leaves 2 to 6 inches long, obtuse, flat or folded, contracted at the base; spikes 2 to 5 inches long, lateral and terminal, pedunculate; fertile spike sessile ; the upper glume 7-nerved, three times as long as the lower one; palet of the sterile flower coriaceous, like that of the perfect one. Along the coast in most tropical countries. South Carolina to Florida and west to Texas. HYDROCHLOA Beauv. Spikelets 1-flowered, in small, simple, moncecious spikes (4 to 1 inch long), mostly included in the sheaths of the upper leaves, 3 to 5 male spikelets in the terminal spikes, and a few female spikelets in the axil- lary spikes; stamens 6. Stigmas elongated. 1. Hydrochloa Caroliniensis Beauv. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 549.) Spikelets 1-flowered, consisting of two nearly equal hyaline glumes, or one glume and a palet, as they are sometimes considered; leaves short, oblong-linear.—North Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. LUZIOLA Juss. Flowers moncecious, 1n separate spreading panicles, the staminate spikelets larger than the fertile ones. Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, the ale spikelets terminal on each branch. Stamens 5 to 11, anthers linear. Styles 2, short; flowering glume with many prominent nerves. Creep- ing, narrow-leaved aquatic or marsh grasses. 1. Luziola Alabamensis Chapm. FI. 8. States, p. 584. Culms 4 to 6 inches high, simple, rooting at the lower joints; leaves few, the lower much exceeding the culm, the elongated purple sheath inclosing the base of the panicle, the latter few tlow- cred, 1 to 3 inches long, the male and female on separate culms; glume and palet of male spikelets lanceolate, 7-nerved; those of the pistillate spikelets ovate-lanceo- late, 11- to 13-nerved ; grain smooth.—Brooklyn, Ala., also Mobile, Ala, (Dr. Mokr). 2. L. Peruviana Juss. (Persoon’s Synopsis, u. p. 575). Culms creeping and root- ing at the lower joints; flowering culms erect, 3 to 10 inches high; radical leaves often 12 inches long, narrow; male flowers much larger than the female ones, white ; female panicles spreading, 1 to 2 inches long. In low ditches and low grassy lands,— Louisiana (4. B. Langlois). Mr. Langlois says it is attractive all summer by its fine white male spikes. Al ZIZANIA Linn. A reed like aquatic grass, 6 to 10 feet high, with broad leaves 2 to 3 feet long; panicles often 2 feet long, the long branches somewhat ap- pressed above, spreading below, the upper ones pistillate, the lower male; the female spikelets almost subulate, long-awned, the male spikelets awnless. I ruit linear, slender, § inch long. 1, Zizania aquatica Linn, (WiLp Rice, INDIAN Rick, WATER Oats.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 635.) Annual, culms 5 to 10 feet high, leaves linear-lanceolate ; panicle ample, pyramidal.-- Swampy borders of streams and in the shallow muddy borders of lakes. Very widely diffused, New England to Texas and Forida and northwestward to Minnesota, ZIZANIOPSIS Doell, & Asch. Tall, aquatic grasses with the habit of ZIZANTA, the perfect spikelets terminating the branches of the spreading panicle, the male spikelets at the base of each branch. Fruit a globular nut, with a hard, shining, easily separable pericarp. Stigmas united. 1, Z. miliacea Doell. & Asch. Culms siout, 4 to 8 feet high; leaves long (2 feet), Linch wide or more; panicte 1 to 2 feet long, the branches at first oppressed, becom- ing spreading. In ditches and wet grounds.—Southern States to Texas. ORYZA Linn. Spikelets * elongated, much compressed laterally, empty glumes of two small seales or bristles, and underneath these, two more minute rudimentary empty glumes. Flowering glume conduplicate and keeled, usually awned; palet narrow, l-nerved. Stamens 6, Fruit long-obtuse, closely enveloped by the fruiting glume, and compressed laterally, with two lateral furrows. Embryo short, curved. 1. O. sativa Linn. Sp. Pl. p. 465. (CULTIVATED Rice). Panicles contracted and rough, flowering glumes prominently 5-nerved. LEERSIA Swartz. Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, articulated on short pedicels along the slender branches of a terminal panicle. Glumes 2, strongly com- pressed or conduplicate, awnless, bristly ciliate on the keels, the lower one much the larger. No palets. Stamens | to 6. Stigmas 2; styles short, distinct. Perennial grasses, the leaves and sheaths usually rough with minute prickles or bristly hairs. 1. L. hexandra Swartz. (Chapm. FI. 8S. States, p. 549.) Culms 2 to 6 feet high, slender, often branching below ; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, rather rigid, variable in width, sheaths scabrous; panicle exserted, erect, contracted, 3 to 5 inches long; spikelets 2 lines long, lanceolate to oblong, acute, margins short, fringed, hispid on the keel; stamens 6, styles 2, distinct.—Low grounds near the coast, 2. L. oryzoides Swartz. (WHITE Grass, CuT-Grass). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 635.) Culms erect or decumbent, rather stout, branching or simple, 3 to 4 feet high, leaves light green, very rongh; panicle rather large and diffusely branched, 6 to 18 inches long; spikelets about 2 lines long, oval or oblong, hispid-ciliate on the keel, very short-pointed, short-pediceled ; stamens 3.—Common in wet places, * This foreign species is introduced because so extensively cultivated in the South- ern States. 42 3. L. Virginica Willd. (WHITE GRAss). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 635.) Culms slender, decumbent, branching below; panicle simple, narrow, 3 to 6 inches long, branches alternate, slender, the lower branches sparingly divided, naked below: spikelets appressed, oblong, 14 lines long, short-pointed, smooth or sparingly ciliate on margins; stamens 2.—Wet or moist woods, common. 4. L. monandra, Swartz. (Chapm. FI. 8. States, Suppl., p. 661). Culms slen- der, 13 to 2feet high; leaves small, sheaths rough; panicle small, simple, becoming spreading, branches capillary, alternate, distant, flowering near the extremity ; spikelets pale, semiovate, obtusish, less than a line long, smooth; stamen 1.—In moist woods, Texas (G. C. Nealley). PHALARIS Linn. Spikelets crowded in a clustered or spike-like panicle, 1-flowered; glumes 5, the outer large, the inner pair smaller and imperfect or scale- like, one on each side the terminal or perfect flower, the fifth being the flowering glume of the perfect flower. The glume-like palet one nerve. Outer glumes 3-nerved, compressed, kecled, boat-shaped ; second pair linear ; perfect flower shorter than spikelet, the glume becoming coriace- ous or cartilaginous. Grain smooth and shining. * Glumes not winged on the back or slightly winged. 1, P. arundinacea Linn, (REED Canary Grass). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 639.) Culms stout, 2 to 4 feet high; leaves flat, about one-half inch wide; panicle 3 to5 inches long, narrow, the short brancbes spreading during anthesis, becoming appressed ; spikelets 2 lines long; outer glumes acute; the imperfect pair one-half as long as the perfect flower.—Widespread in northern or mountainous districts. 2. P.Lemmoni Vasey. Culms rather slender, 1} to 3 feet high ; leaves narrow, acu- minate, ligule conspicuous, 3 lines long; panicle spike-like, 2 to 3 inches long, nearly cylindrical, dense; outer glumes 2 to 24 lines long, acute to acuminate 5 second pair very short (about 4 line) somewhat unequal, with short pedicels ; flowering glume lanceolate, acuminate, little shorter than the outer ones, pubescent; palet nearly as thick as its glume and a little shorter.—Santa Cruz, California (J. G@. Lemmon, Dr. Anderson), 3. P. amethystina Trin. (Bot. Cal. 1. p, 265.) Culm stout, tufted, 2 to 8 feet high, from a perennial root; leaves broad, the sheaths often purplish ; panicle spike- like, oblong, 1 to 2 inches long, dense, usually purplish; spikelets 3 to 34 lines long; outer glumes narrowly winged, straight, acutish ; inner pair of glumes hairy, more than half as long as the perfect flower, which is 2 lines long or more.—Cali- fornia to Oregon. * " Glumes decidedly winged on the back. 4. P. intermedia Bosc. (Bot. Cal. 11. p. 264.) (P. Americana Ell.) Culms va- riable, stout or slender, 14 to 4 feet high, smooth; leaves short, often glaucous; sheaths more or less inflated ; spike-like panicle 1 to 4 inches long, ovoid to cylindrical; spike- lets 24 lines long; outer glumes strongly winged on the keel, acute; second pair of glumes linear, hairy, about half the length of tae perfect one, the latter long-pointed, hairy, and one-third shorter than the outer glumes.—Texas to California. Var. MICROSTACHYA (P. microstachya DC.) Culms slender, 6 to 18 inches high; leaves short, the uppermost inflated ; spike-like panicle 4 tol inch long, oval; outer glumes lanceolate, slender-pointed, broadly-keeled, twice as long as the hairy, ovate flower.—Florida to Texas. 5. P. angusta Nees. (Fl. Brasil. um. p. 391.) (P. intermedia, var. angusta Chapm.) Culms stout, 2 to 3 feet high; panicle cylindrical, dense, 3 to 6 inches long, nar- 43 row; spikelets 2 lines long; outer glumes winged on the keel, abruptly acute, serrulate on the keel, second pair linear, slightly unequal, one-third as long as the perfect flower, the latter one-third shorter than the outer glumes, and not long- pointed as in P. intermedia.—Louisiana, Texas to California. 6. P. Canariensis Linn. (CANARY GRASS.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 639.) Culms 1 to 3 feet high; leaves flat, the upper sheaths wuch inflated ; panicle 1 to 14 inches long, ovoid, very dense; outer glumes broad, with a conspicuously winged keel, white on the margin, with a distinet green line within; second pair of glumes small, lanceo- late, smooth; perfect flower silky-hairy.—Introduced and escaped from cultivation. The seed is a common aud favorite bird seed. ANTHOXANTHUM Linn. Panicle spike-like, narrow; spikelets apparently 3-flowered, only the terminal one perfect, outer empty glumes unequal, herbaceous; those of the 2 imperfect flowers clothed with brown hairs, awned from the lobed apex ; flowering glume and 3-nerved palet short membranaceous. Stamens 2. 1. A. odoratum Linn. (SWEET VERNAL Grass). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 630.) Culms erect, slender, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves flat, hairy ; sheaths often hairy ; ligule short, obtuse; panicle 1 to 4 inches long, interrupted below; spikelets 3 to 4 lines long; inner pair of sterile glumes 2-lobed, long-awned; perfect flower equal to the inner glumes.—Introduced from Europe. Very fragrant. HIEBROCHLOE Gmelin. Panicle open and spreading; spikelets 3-flowered, compressed, the lower two staminate only, the upper or terminal one perfect, outer empty glumes equal, scarious, 3-nerved; flowering glumes much thicker, chartaceous, 5-nerved, those of the male flowers sometimes short-2wned ; that of the perfect flower awnless; male flowers with 3 stamens, per- fect flowers with 2 stamens; palet of the male flowers 2-nerved, that of the perfect flower 1-nerved. The dried plants have a vanilla-like odor, on which account they were formerly strewn before church doors on holidays. H. macrophylla Thurb. (Bot. Cal. 11. p. 265.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, tufted, teaves 12 to 18 inches long, 4 to 8 lines broad, scabrous above and on the margins; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, the branches somewhat distant, in pairs; spikelets 24 lines long; glumes obtuse, those of the male flowers fringed on the margin, notched at the broad apex, and often with a slight awn; glume of the perfect flower smooth and shiny below.—California ( Bolander) and Oregon (Howell), 2. H. borealis R. & S. (VANILLA GRASS). (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 639.) Culms 1 to2 feet high; from a creeping root-stock ; leaves (all but the lower) with short blades and long sheaths; panicle pyramidal, 2 to 4 inches long, branched in pairs, flowering above the middle; outer glumes’ acuminate and longer than the flowers; glumes of the male flowers acute, and sometimes mucronate or bristle-pointed.—Moist ground chiefly northward and northwestward ; New England to Wisconsin, on the mountains and northward to Alaska. 3. H. alpina R.& 8. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 639.) Culms 10 to 18 inches high ; lower leaves very narrow; panicle 14 to 2 inches long, the branches few flowered; outer glumes 3 lines long, obtuse ; glumes of one of the male flowers long awned below the middle, that of the other short awned from near the apex.—Alpine mountain tops, New York, New England, and northward. 4. H. pauciflora R. Br. (Chloris Melville, p. 35.) Root creeping, culms erect, AA leafy below, radical leaves subulate, margin involute, those of the culm shorter than the loose sheaths; raceme erect, simple; spikelets ovate; scarious glumes ovate, very stnooth, the lower one smaller; the flowering glume of the upper male Hower emarginate-setigerous, the seta very short; terminal flower awnless.—Melville Island (Parry). ARISTIDA Linn, Spikelets 1-flowered, in a spicate, or an open, branching panicle, generally on filiform pedicels; empty glumes mostly unequal, often bristle-pointed; flowering glume narrow, rolled around the flower, and terminating with a trifid awn, rarely the lateral branches of the awn wanting. Palet small, thin, enclosed in the flowering glume. § 1. Upper portion of flowering glume not articulated to lower portion, * Panicle close and spike like, awns unequal, lateral ones minute, erect, the long middle awn horizontal or turned back. 1. A.ramosissima Engelm. (Gray’s Manual, bth ed., p. 640.) Culms much branched, Lto 2 feet high, spikes terminating the main and lateral branches; branches of the panicle 3 to 4 inches long, mostly in twos, ereet ; spikelets about 1 inch long, without the awn; lower glume 6 to8 lines long, 5-nerved; upper one 8 to 10 lines long, 3-nerved, toothed, and slightly awned at apex; middle awn nearly an inch lorg, becoming strongly hooked-recurved ; lateral awns varying from 1 to 2 lines long, to almost deticient.—Ilinois, Missouri and Kentucky. 2, A. basiramea Engelm. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed,, p,640.) Culms tufted, much branched, 1 foot high: panicles 8 to 4 inches long, the branches erect-appressed, in pairs below, longer pediceled than in the preceding species; lower glume about 6 and upper about 8 lines long; middle awn 6 to 9 lines long, about twice coiled and horizontal, lateral awns 8 to 6 lines long, very slender and erect.— Missouri, Wisconsin, Nebraska and Minnesota. ; 3. A.dichotoma Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p, 640.) Culms6to 18 inches high, much branched, the branches rather long, panicle 1 to 3 inches long, strict, branches of panicle in twos below, few flowered; glumes slightly unequal, about 3 to 4 lines long, little longer than flowering glume ; middle awn once or twice coiled, 3 to 4 lines long, and reflexed ; lateral awns one-half to 1 line long.—Throughout the country east of the Missouri River. ** dwns nearly equal. 4. A simplicifolia Chapm. FI. 8, States, Suppl. p. 662, Culms slender, about 2 feet high, simple or sparingly branched, leaves flat; racemes 6 to 9 inches long, lousely flowered, 1 or 2 at each node; glumes nearly equal, awn-pointed, rough on the keel, longer than the flowering glume, middle awn circular, recurved near the base, thick and scabrous, about & lines long, lateral awns more slender, horizontal, 6 lines long.—Florida (Chapman) and Alabama (Dr, Mohr), Var. TEXANA. Spikelets smaller, lateral awns 1 to 2 lines long.—Texas. 5, A. gyrans Chapm. Fl. 8. States, Suppl., p. 662. Culms slender, 1} to 2 feet high, simple; leaves convolute-filiform; panicle simple, 6 inches long, the few sim- ple branches appressed ; lower glume truncate, short awned, as long as the flower- ing glume, the upper a thiid longer, attenuate; flowering glume long stipitate, the awns nearly equal, curved, twisted together at the base.—Florida and Cuba (No, 3430 Wright). 6. A. gracilis Ell. Bot. S. Car. 1. p. 152.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p, 640.) Culms slender, 1 to 2 feet high, simple or much branched, panicle about 6 inches long, spike-like, branches few flowered, almost sessile; glumes nearly equal, 3 to 4 lines long; middle awn 8 to 6 inches long, lateral ones from 1 to 3 or more inches long; the awns very variable in length.—Widely diffused, Massachusetts to Texas, 45 7. A. Nealleyi. (A stricta var. Nealleyi, Contr. U. 8. Herb. 1. p. 55.) Perennial, culins slender, erect, 14 to 2 feet long, leaves setaceous involute, 3 to 4 inches long, 3 to 4on the culm, naked above ; panicle erect, strict, about 4 incles long, few flowered ; glumes nearly equal, 3} to 4 lines long; flowering glume about 6 lines long, the neck twisted 2 or 3 rounds; awns nearly equal, slender, erect-spreading, 6 lines long.— Texas, Colorado City to Valverde County (Nealley). 8. A.stricta Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 640.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, erect, rigid, simple, densely tufted from a perennial root; leaves involute-setaceous, rigid, more or less hairy at the base; panicle spike-like, erect, narrow, rather dense, about 1 foot long; the upper glumes 5 to 6 lines long, rather longer than the lower, both awn pointed; tlowering glume 4 lines long, with a short acute stipe; awns nearly equal, 5 to 6 lines long, or the middle one one-third longer, all recurved when mature.—In pine barrens, Virginia to Mississippi. Var. CONDENSATA. (Aristida condensata Chapm.) Culms stout, simple, 2 or 3 feet high; leaves long, flat below, becoming involute; panicle branches rather longer, flowering glume 3 lines long.—Florida (Dr. Chapman). 9, A. spiciformis Ell. Bot. S.Car.1. p. 141, Culins 1 to 2 feet high, simple, rigid, erect; leaves convolute, rigid, the radical ones more than a foot long, the cauline 6 to 10 inches; panicle spike-like, 4 to 8 inches long, oblong or cylindrical,densely flowered, branches fascicled, crowded; empty glumes unequal, each awn-pointed, and including the awns, 7 to 10 lines long, the body very unequal, the lower 2, the upper 4 or 5 lines long; floral glume very slender, linear, nearly 1 inch long to the division; awns nearly equal, widely spreading, about 1 inch long.—South Carolina to Florida. 10. A. palustris Vasey. (A. virgata var. (?) palustris Chapm. Fl. 8. States, p. 555.) Perenial, tufted, culms 3 to 5 feet high, rigid, erect; leaves very long, 1 to 2 feet, sometimes involute, flat below; panicle 14 to 2 feet long, narrow, spike-like, branches appressed, the lower 2 to 3 inches long, sessile; glumes nearly equal, about 5 to 6 lines long, the lower 3-nerved, upper L-nerved, flowering glume 4 lines long, with a slender terete stipe 4 to $line long, lateral awns about 8 lines long, middle awn 10 to 12 lines, all diverging.—Margins of pine-barren ponds, Florida, 11. A. virgata Trin. Acta Petrop, 1829, p.86. Perennial? Culms 1} to 2 feet high; simple leaves, narrowly linear, flat, 3 to 6 inches long; panicle spike-like, nar- row; lower branches appressed, somewhat distant, in twos or threes, one short, the other 1 to 2 inches long; empty glumes, 3 to 3} lines long; flowering glume, 2 lines long; smooth, stipe very short and sharp-pointed; middle awn about 6 lines long, lateral ones about 4 lines. This species was included in Chapman’s Flora of the Southern States, but has not recently been in the South, neither has it been recognized at the North, although Trinius describes it as from Philadelphia, but specimens collected at Point Norris, New Jersey, last summer, by Mr. Jesse H. Holmes, answer fairly to this description and seem to be intermediate between A. gracilis and small forms of A. purpurascens or of A, stricta. 12, A. bromoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 1. p. 100. (A dispersa Trin. var. brom- oides). Culms 10 to 18 inches high, commonly much branched, forming close tufts, slender; radical leaves few and short, those of the culm 2 or 3,1 or 2 inches long, involute-setaceous, sheaths shorter than internodes; panicle 1 to 3 inches long, spike-like, erect or secund, the branches solitary or clustered, flowering nearly to the base ; glumes unequal, the lower 2 lines and upper 3 to4 lines long, 1-nerved ; flowering glume 3 to 4 lines long with white hairy callus; awns about equal, 3 to 5 lines long.— Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, South Carolina and Mexico. This is a pretty distinet form in general, but frequently becomes large and branch- ing and verges into 4. dispersa Trin. 13. A. Reverchoni Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xm. p. 52. Perennial, culms erect, simple, about 14 feet high, radical leaves rather numerous, 3 to 6 inches long, com- 46 monly curved, cauline, about 3,similar, panicle spike-like, close, 4 to 6 inches long, purple, lower branches mostly in pairs, unequal, the longer about 1 inch long, all appressed ; lower glume 4 lines and upper about 6 lines long, flowering glume 5 to 6 lines long, gradually tapering above, smooth; awns 8 to 10 lines long, smooth, nearly equal,—Texas (J. Reverchon, G. C. Nealley). Var. auGusTA, panicle narrow, otherwise nearly the same.—Comanche Peak ( Rever- chon), Texas (G. C. Nealley), This species approaches closely A. purpurea, but appears to be sufficiently distinct. * * * Panicle loose, branches mostly short. 14. A. purpurascens Poir. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 641.) Perennial ? Culms 2 to 3 feet long, smooth, rarely branching; leaves long, becoming involute; panicle spike-like, erect or nodding, 10 to 18 inches long, closely flowered, lower branches 1 to 2 inches long, appressed; lower glume about 5 lines, upper 4 lines long, both 1-nerved, flowering glume 3 lines long, spotted; middle awn about 1 inch long, lat- eral ones 9 to 10 lines; stipe short, narrowed to the sharp point.—Massachusetts to. Kansas, south to Texas and Florida. Var. MINOR Vasey. Culms more branching, panicle thinner and more flexuous, flowers and awns rather shorter.—Southern States to Texas. 15. A. oligantha Michx. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 640.) Culms 1 to 2} feet high, tufted, from a perennial root, much branched, panicles lateral and terminal, a nearly simple loose raceme 3 to 5 inches long, the branches rar: ly sessile, the lower in pairs, few-flowered; empty glumes nearly equal, 10 to 12 lines long, floral glume 7 to 9 lines long, long-tapering above, awns capillary, 14 to 3 inches long.—Maryland to Kansas, south to Florida and Texas, also on the Pacific coast. 16. A.lanata Poir, (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 641.) Perennial, culms tall and stout, 2 to 4 feet long, leaves flat, 1 to 2 feet long, long-pointed, rough on upper side, sheaths woolly; panicle 1 to 2 feet long, nodding, loosely spike-like, with the branches somewhat spreading, the lower unequal, 1 to 2 inches long, rather remote, some- what woolly in the axils; lower glume 7 to 8 lines long, upper one 4 to 4} lines, both 1-nerved; flowering glumes 5 lines long, stipe short. smooth, middle awn spreading, 9 lines long, lateral ones about 5 lines long.—Delaware to Florida. 17, A. dispersa Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost., p.129. Annual? Culms branching, of variable height, panicle 1 to 6 inches long, contracted, generally purplish, lowe branches mostly in twos or threes, unequal (4 to 1 inch), flowering nearly to the base; glumes unegual or nearly equal, lower 3 to 4 lines, upper 4 to 5 lines long : flowering glume about 3 lines; awns nearly equal,5 to 8 lines long, spreading.— Texas to California. . 18. A. purpurea Nutt. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 640.) This species was defined by Nuttall in the Trans, Amer. Philos. Society, Vol. v. new series, 1837, and is practi- cally as follows: Panicle rather erect, slender; empty glumes aristulate, bifid at apex; awns capillary, very long; leaves short scabrous; perennial, leaves narrow, short and scabrous, ligale pilose; culms about 1 foot high, panicle many flowered, a little spreading, branches capillary, flowers vommonly in pairs, bluish-purple; one of the glumes nearly twice the length of the other, the longer glume exceeding the flow- ering glume; awns equal, capillary, nearly three times the length of the flowering glume and scabrous, the flowering glume minutely stipitate.—On the grassy plains of the Red River in arid situations. This is one of the most variable species we have, and has a wide distribution in the West and Southwest. Our present acquaintance with the genus requires its division into several varieties; indeed Trinius found it necessary to make two varieties, and one or two more are needed to complete the species, Var. FENDLERIANA. (A. Fendleriana Steud.) Perennial, culms tufted, 8 to 12 inches high, very slender and erect, branching near the base; radical leaves abundant, nearly capillary, involute, 3 to 4 inches long, those of the culm about 3, 47 1 or 2 inches long; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, thin; branches erect or becoming spreading, few-flowered, mostly in twos below, with short capillary pedicels; empty glumes variable, 4 to 6, 4to 8, or 5 to 10 lines respectively; awus nearly equal, capil- lary 1 to 2} inches long. Var. Hookert Trin. More robust, 14 feet high, with coarser and longer leaves, panicle more spreading than in the preceding and more numerously flowered; spike- lets larger, glumes longer, awns varying 2} to 44 inches long. Var. CALIFORNIA Vasey. Culms tall, 2 to 24 feet high, with long leaves (often 1 foot long), panicle flexuous, 5 to 7 inches long, lower branches often 5 to 7 at the nodes, 1 to 3 inches long, spreading, capillary, and naked below; empty glumes 3 to 6 lines respectively, awns about 2 inches long.—Western Texas to California. Var. MICRANTHA. Culm 1 to 1} feet high, slender, flexuous, leaves much as in Ist var., but culms usually decumbent at base and branching, the branches mostly in twos or threes, capillary, few-tlowered, spreading or reflexed, spikelets usually smnaller than in any other form (lower 3 to 4, upper 4 to 6 lines long).—Western Texas. 19. A. Arizonica Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xu. p.27, Perennial, culms 2 to 2} feet high, erect, unbranched, stout; leaves flat, becoming involute, 6 to 12 inches long; panicle strict erect, 6 to 10 inches long, the lranches mostly single or in twos, erect, about 2 inches long, each 2- to5-flowered ; spikelets approximate, sessile, or nearly so; empty glumes nearly equal, 6 to 8 lines long, the lower one 3-nerved, awn pointed; flowering glume 7 to 8 lines long, twisted below the awns, hispid, awns nearly equal, spreading, 10 to 12 lines long.—New Mexico and Arizona. Differs from A, purpurea in its larger size, close, rigid panicle, and nearly equal glumes, the lower one 3-nerved. * * * * Panicles spreading, branches longer. 20. A. Havardii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xur. p. 27. Culms about 1. foot high, erect, rather slender; leaves setaceous,3 to 6 inches long, about 6 on the culm ; glumes nearly equal, about 5 lines long, l-nerved, narrow, acuminate ; flowering glume about as long, with a short hairy callus, tapering to the apex; awns erect, spreading, nearly equal, 6 to 7 lines long; the panicle usually 4 to 6 inches long, open, the branches at first erect, in age becoming horizontal or reflexed, pyramidal, in pairs or fascicled below; lower branches 2 inches long, naked below, spikelets rather distant.— Western Texas (Dr. Havard) and New Mexico. Possibly this includes 4. Palmeri. 21. A Humboldtiana Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost., p. 118. (4. divaricata H. B.K.) Perennial, tufted, culms erect, simple, 1 to 2 feet long; leaves narrow or convo- lute, rather short and rigid, in twos and threes, the lower often 5 or 6 inches long, flower-bearing above the middle, widely spreading except those included in the sheath, few-flowered ; empty glumes nearly equal, awl]-pointed, 5 to6 lines long; flow- ering glume slightly shorter; awns subequal, lateral, 4 to 5 lines, middle one 6 to 8 lines long. —Texas to Southern California and Mexico, Var. MINOR. Smaller, culms about 1 foot high; panicle exserted, 5 to 6 inches long, pyramidal, branches 2 to 3 inches long; empty glumes 4 to 5 lines long, awns nearly equal, 4 to 5 lines long.—Texas, Arizona, to Calitornia, * * * * * Lateral awns minute or wanting. 99. A Schiediana Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost. p. 120. Perennial, culms 2 to 24 feet high, erect; leaves filiform-convolute, 6 to 12 inches long, glabrous; pan- icle ¢ to 1 foot long, depauperate, the branches solitary or in pairs, distant, 3 to 5 inches Jong, suberect or widely spreading, rigid, often one-sided, flowering beyond the middle; empty glume nearly equal,4 to 5 lines long; flowering glume 6 to7 lines long, the apex tapering and twisted; lateral awns minute, one-half line long or less, ereet the middle one spreading, 4 to 6 lines long.—-Texas, New Mexice to Mexico. 48 23. A.divergens. (A. Schiediana var. winor Vasey, Torr. Bull. x. p, 28.) Culms 12 to lsinches high, erect, simple; leaves involute, 6 to 10 inches long; panicle 5 to 7 inches long becoming pyramidal, sheathed at base by the uppermost leaf; brauches at first erect spreading, becoming divergent, 1 to 3 inches long, solitary above, the lower divided at the base into 3 or 4 nearly equal divisions (appearing verticillate), again divided above the middle; spikelets diverging ; empty glumes 3 to4 lines long; floral glume 5 lines, becoming somewhat twisted in age ; the lateral awns wanting or nearly so; middle awn 5 to 6 lines long, straight..—Texas to Arizona. Smaller and less robust than A. Schiediana, not having the long naked branches of that species. 24. A. scabra Kth. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States, Suppl., p. 663.) Culm without nodes, except at the base, from creeping root-stock 14 to 3 feet high; leaves radical, seta- ceously attenuated, panicle large, spreading; the branches single or 2 to 5 in a clus- ter, long (6 to 8 inches), naked below; spikelets appressed; glumes awn-pointed, about 5 lines long; floral glumes about 5 lines long; middle awn 9 to 12 lines long; the lateral ones 2 to 6 lines long; stamens 2.—Florida (Dr. Chapman). Apparently the same from Mexico, Renarkable for its long scapiform culms. Kunth’s species is described as without lateral awns. 25. A. Orcuttiana Vasey. Bull. Torr, Club, x1. p. 25. Culms about 2 feet high, stout below, above becoming slender, very leafy; leaves near the base with loose open sheaths and rather broad blades, the upper narrow, becoming involute, 5 to 8 inches long or more; panicle, long and open, 4 to 5 inches long; branches rather distant, mostly single, flexuous, the lower ones about 3 inches long, with the lower half naked ; lower glume about 5 lines long, the upper one-quarter shorter; flowering glume with the awn 9 lines long, the lateral awns obsolete or nearly so; the main awn bent near the middle and twisted below.—Southern California (C. 2. Orcutt) and Arizona (.M. . Jones.) The panicle is small for the size of the plant, and com- paratively few flowered. It approaches Aristida Schiediana. 26. A. Ploridana Chapm. (Streptachne Floridana Chapm.; Fl. 8. States, p. 554.) Culms 2 feet high, simple, slender, erect; leaves long, filiforin, convolute, smooth ; sheaths hairy ar throat; panicle 1 foot long, narrow, erect, the branches in pairs, scattered ; spikelets short-stalked ; empty glumes equal, linear, purple, 1-nerved, the lower awn-pointed; palet (floral glume) raised on a slender bearded stalk, linear- subulate, gradually tapering into the long compressed curved awn; uo lateral awns.—South Florida (Dr. Blodgett). § 2. Awns united and articulated to the floral glume. 27, A.tuberculosa Nutt, (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 641.) Culms from an annual root, 10 to 18 inches high, branched below ; panicles racemose, loose, rigid, about 6 inches long; the branches rather distant, the lower in pairs, one short and few-flowered, the other elongated (2 to 3 inches long) and many-flowered ; empty glumes Linch long, awn-tipped; floral glume about 10 lines long to the separation of the awns, a rather long, sharp, densely-hairy stipe,and a distinct articulation at its apex, the proper glume about 5 lines long, the prolongation above twisted 3 or 4 coils to the division of the nearly equal bent and divergent (sometimes reflexed) awns, which are 14 to 2 inches long.—Massachusetts to Minnesota and southward. 28. A. desmantha Trin. & Rupr. Gram, Agrost. p. 109. Culms 14 to 2 feet high, much branched; leaves convolute, 6 to 10 inches long, panicle rather narrow, erect, 4 to 6 inches long; the branches mostly in twos, one short, the other longer (2 to 3 inches), naked below, the spikelets fascicled above, short-pediceled ; empty glumes nearly equal, 7 to 8 lines long, subulate-awned at apex ; floral glume 4 to 5 lines long, including the sharp stipe,and to the articulation; the junction of the awus near or at the articulation, and the curving and spreading awns about 1 inch long.—Texas and Indian Territory. 29, A. Californica Thurb. Bot. Cal. 1. p. 289. (4, Jonesii Vasey.) Annual; culms 5 to 10 inches high, densely tufted; much branched; often geniculate below ; 49 often pubescent on the lower sheaths; leaves short, 1 to 2 inches long, narrow, race- mose, the branches short and 2-{lowered; empty glumes very unequal, the lower 4 to 5, the upper 6 to 7 lines long, floral glume 3 lines to the articulation, including the very sleuder sharp stipe; awn slender, capillary 6 to 9 lines long and twisted to the division of the equal 1} to 2 inches long awns.—Southern California to Arizona and Mexico. Said to be known to the Mexicans as Hare’s grass.” Var. FUGIT)VA, differs from the type chiefly in the lower and more condensed habit, and in the longer empty glumes, Late in the season it is loosened from the sand and blown about by the wind.—Colorado Desert (CO, &. Orcutt). STIPA Linn. Spikelets L-flowered, terete, spicate or panieulate. Outer glumes membranaceous, keeled; tlowering glume narrow, coriaceous, rigid, in- volute, with a simple, twisted awn from the apex; palet usually small and inclosed by the flowering glume, Stamens generally 3. The flower- ing glume has a hardened, often sharp pointed and bearded pedicel or stipe at its base. A. Panicle narrow, branches short, 1. $. Kingii Thurb. 2, §. tenuissima Trin. 3. 5. viridula Trin. 4. §. occidentalis Thurb, 5, 3. stricta Vasey. B. Panicle more open, branches erect. G. S. Stillmani Bolander. 7. S. coronata Thurb. 8. S. speciosa Trin. & Kupr. 9, §. Parishii Vasey. 10. S. Scribneri Vasey. C. Panicle open, lower branches spreading. 11. S. comata Trin, & hupr. 12. S. spartea Trin. 13. S. pennata Linn. 14. S. leucotricha Trin. 15. S. setigera Iresl. 16. S eminens Cav. 7. S. avenacea Linn. 18. S. flexuosa Vasey. 19. S. Bloomeri Boland. 20. S. caduca Scribn. 21. S. Pringlei Scribn. 92, S. Richardsoni Link. 23, S. Mongolica Turez. A, Panicle narrow, branches shoré. 1. S. Kingii Thurb. Bot, Cal. 1. p. 287. Culms tufted, 6 to 20 inches high, covered below by the remains of numerous sheaths, slender, smooth, with but two nodes near the base; radical leaves half to two-thirds as long as the culms, setace- 12074—No, 14 [Feb. 25, 1892.] 50 ously involute, minutely scabrous; culm leaves two, the upper short; ligule 1 line long, acute, often cleft; panicle narrow, 2 or 3 inches long, the branches in twos or threes, the lower 1 inch or more long, erect, few-flowered ; spikelets 2 lines long; empty glumes hyaline, purple-tinged, the upper about 2 lines long, the lower a little shorter; flowering glume less than 2 lines long, sparsely pubescent, and with a short, hairy callus; awn 6 lines long, bent below the middle, scabrous and per- sistent; palet equaling the flowering glume, hairy at the apex.—California (Bolan- der’s distrib., No. 6097), 2. S. tenuissima Trin. Act. Petrop. 1836, p. 36. Culms densely tufted, 2 to 24 feet high, filiform, with 2 to 3 distant nodes; leaves filiform, scabrous, the radical tufts equaling the culm, the cauline leaves similar, the uppermost sheathing the base of the panicle; the panicle narrow, 6 to 9 inches long, slender, the branches rather distant, the lower ones in two or threes, 14 to 2 inches long, tlowering nearly to the base; empty glumes unequal, about 3-nerved, the lower 5 to 6 lines long, the upper 3 lines, including, in both, the long fine point; flowering glume about 1 line long, minutely punctate, enlarged above, with the apex constricted and crowned with a few hairs; near the base and on the very short stipe, sparsely white-hairy; the slender, flexuous awn, 2 to 3 inches long.—Texas, New Mexico, Mexico and probably Arizona. 3. &. viridula Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed.,p. 642.) (8S. parviflora Nutt.: S. spartea Hook), Culms 14 tosometimes 5 feet high, leaves all involute-setaceous at the apex ; in the large forms the blade is flat and 1 or 2 feet long; in smaller forms often involute throughout, smooth, pubescent or scabrous; ligule very short; sheaths half the length of the internodes or less; panicle 4 to 18 inches long, narrow, loose, the short, erect rays in twos or threes, or even in fives; spikelets 4 to 5 lines long (exeluding the awns) on shorter pedicels; empty glumes nearly equal,3 to 5 lines long, ovate to lanceolate, bristle-pointed, the lower 5-, the upper 3-nerved, sometimes purple- tinged ; flowering glume fusiform to linear-oblong, one-fourth shorter than the empty glumes, pubescent with short scattered hairs which at the apex form a thin crown, and with 2 very minute teeth, the callus short; awn from less than 1 inch to 14 incnes long, slender, flexuous, pubescent to plumose below, and scabrous above, usually twice bent, at length deciduous; palet more than half as long as its glume; anthers naked. The above description is somewhat modified from Dr. Thurber’s description in Botany of California. The species, as he says, is “ very variable in the size of the culm and character of the panicle, which is usually slender and loosely flowered, some- times reduced to a mere raceme of a few 1-flowered rays, and at the other extreme crowded and spikelike.” The principal varieties which I have indicated are: Var. ROBUSTA, a large form 4 to 6 feet high, growing in dense clumps in moun- tain valleys, with panicle 1 foot to 18 inches long. This variety in parts of Texas and Mexico is known as sleepy grass, from an intoxicating or narcotic effect which it produces upon horses or cattle which feed upon it. Var. PUBESCENS, A variety, or perhaps a species, of Nevada, Oregon, and Wash- ington, 2 to 3 feet high, with pubescent leaves and sheaths, the awns also strongly pubescent below, Var. MINOR. Smaller throughout, occurs at higher altitudes, the awns usually shorter. Var. LETTERMANI Vasey, Slender, small-flowered, and short-awned, There are many intermediate forms, probably including 8. Columbiana Macoun. 4. S. occidentalis Thurb. Bot. Cal. u. p. 285. Culms slender, 1 to 2 feet high, somewhat scabrous, more or less pubescent at the nodes; radical leaves 2 to 4 inches long, those of the culm shorter, all involute, rigid and rough; sheaths shorter than the internodes; ligule conspicuous, 2 to 3 lines long, lacerate; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, the base often included, contracted ; Tays mostly erect, the lower in twos or threes and few-flowered, the upper solitary and 1-flowered ; lower glume 5 lines long, 51 3- or indistinctly 5-nerved, somewhat exceeding the 3-nerved upper one; floral glume 3 to 34 lines long, brownish when ripe, pubescent with appressed hairs, especially below ; callus short, acute, the apex with a short, distinct crown of hairs; awn 14 inches long, twice bent and plumose to the upper geniculation, with rather coarse hairs, less than a line long below and shorter above; palet one-fourth shorter than floral glume; anthers naked, The above is essentially Prof. Thurber’s description, and answers well to a portion of the specimens in the Nat. Herb., under that name; others so named have short inconspicuous ligules, and belong to the next species. 5. S. stricta Vasey. Bull. Torr, Club, x. p. 42. Culms tufted, 1 to 14 feet high, erect; lower leaves 6 inches long, narrow, with leng setaceous points, the upper shorter, the uppermost sheathing the base of the panicle: ligule very short and indis. tinct; panicle 4 to 8 inches long, strict, erect, the lower branches in twos or threes, 1 to 2 inches long, appressed, flowering to the base; outer glumes narrowly lance- olate, acuminate, 3-nerved, thin, 5 lines long; flowering glume about 3 lines long, including ths acute stipe, sparsely pubescent all over; awn 1 to 1} inches long, twice bent, the lower half strongly pubescent or nearly plumose.—Oregon and Wash- ington. Var. SPARSIFLORA. Leaves involute-filiform, shorter than in the type, the panicle thinner and fewer-flowered, the awn less pubescent.—California (Bolander, No. 5038 and 5020), Oregon (Cusick) and Washington (Suksdorf). B. Panicle more open; branches erect. 6. S. Stillmani Bolander. (Bot, Cal, 1. p. 287,) Culms tufted, stout, 3 to 5 feet high, genicu.ate below, smooth, except the pubescent nodes: radical leaves 12 to 18 inches loag, those of the culm (4 or 5) much shorter, all glaucous, involute, at least at the long-attenuated apex, the lower 3 to 4 lines wide at the base, mostly smooth below, scabrous above and on the margins; ligule minute; sheaths loose, shorter than the internodes, striate, smooth, slightly bearded at the throat; pani- cle 5 to 10 inches long, narrow and spike-like, interrupted below, nearly white and lustrous, the axis puberulent with an incomplete pilose ring at the nodes; rays crowded and fasciculate, more or less united below, 1- to few-flowered; glumes nearly equal, about 9 lines long, acuminately bristle-pointed, membranaceous-hyaline, the lower 3, the upper more or less 5-nerved at base; floret 5 lines long, with a short, one- sided, white, hairy callus; lower palet herbaceo-chartaceous, distinctly 3-nerved, sparsely pubescent throughout, the divisions of the two-cleft tip nearly a line long; upper palet similar; awn inserted below the tip of the palet, 12 to 15 lines long, tortuous, slightly bent above the middle, scabrous; stamens 3; anthers long, mu- cronulate.—Southern California. 7. S. coronata Thurb. Bot. Cal. 11. p. 287. Culm 4 to 6 feet high, 3 or 4 lines thick at base, where it is clothed with the reinains of old sheaths; lower culm leaves about 38 feet long, 4 to 6 lines wide at base, gradually attenuated to a long involute point, the uppermost about 6 inches long, almost filiform and rigid, all slightly scabrous on both surfaces and margins; ligule very short, lacerate-fringed ; sheaths somewhat loose, the uppermost much dilated, striate, smooth, except the margins, these mostly ciliate, especially at the throat; panicle 12 to 16 inches long, at first spike-like and included for one-third or one-half its length, at length exserted and loose, but narrow, with erect branches; lower rays in pairs or threes, long and tlower- bearing above, the upper in fascicled clusters and tlower-bearing to the base; spike- lets short-pecdiceled, pale-greenish becoming purplish; glumes unequal, the 3-nerved lower about 8 lines, and the 5-nerved upper, 6 lines long, both acuminate and some- what bristle pointed, slightly scabrous on the nerves; floret, including the brief curved callus and long hairy crown, 5 lines long; lower palet scarcely chartaceous, bifid, with delicate hyaline teeth less than a line long, clothed with silky, shining hairs, those below about a line long, the upper more numerous, forming a dense tufted 52 corona 2 lines long; awn about an inch long, slender, bent mostly below the middle and minutely scabrous; upper palet about half the length of the lower; stamens 35 anthers naked.—Southern California. 8, S. speciosa Trin. & Rupr. (Bot. Cal. u. p. 284.) ‘Culm 1 to 2 feet high; radical leaves half as long as the culm, the others much shorter, and with the sheaths min- utely puberulent ; upper sheath inflated, its leaf about 4 inches long, its ligule less than a line long, that of the lower sheaths minute and fringed; panicle 6 to 8 inches long, included below, contracted, its appressed rays mostly in pairs and 6 to 8 flowered ; glumes 8 or 9 lines long, nearly equal, long-acuminate and often lacerately 2-toothed at the apex, hyaline, the lower 3- and the upper 5- or indistinctly 7-nerved ; floret 5 or 6 lines long, with a short callus; lower palet one-third longer than the upper, silky pubescent throughout, slightly but distinctly 2-toothed; awn 1} to 2 inches long, geniculate below the middle, plumose from the base nearly to the bend, with conspicuous white silky hairs 3 lines long, smooth above; anthers 3, beardless.”— California, Arizona and Nevada, Var. MINOR. Smaller than the type, sometimes with the folage yellowish. 8. chrysophylla Desv. ? Y, S. Parishii Vasey. Bot. Gaz. vit. p.32. Culms 1 to 14 feet high, leafy, especially below ; leaves conduplicate or involute, smooth, rigid and divergent; lower ones 6 inches, upper ones about 3 inches long ; throat of sheath fringed with a few soft white hairs; ligule very short, upper sheath long, somewhat inflated and inclosing the base of the panicle; panicle about 6 inches long, open and somewhat spreading, except at the included base; lower branches in threes, upper in pairs or single, rather few- flowered at the ends of the branches and branchlets; longest rays about 2 inches; outer glumes linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, smooth, the lower one 6 to 7 lines long, the upper 5 to 6 lines, nearly twice as long as the flowering glume with the stipe (3 to 4 lines long), densely clothed with silky hairs longer toward the apex, bidentate, the teeth less than a line long; awn 9 lines long, smooth below, scabrous above.—Collected in the San Bernardino Mountains of California by 8, b. Parish, for whom it was named. 9. §. Scribneri Vasey. Bull. Torr, Club, x1. p. 125. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, stout, erect ; lower leaves as long as the culm, smooth, flat below, becoming involute at the long acuminate point; upper sheath inclosing the base of the panicle, which is narrow, erect, and 6 to 8 inches long, the branches in twos or threes and appressed ; outer glumes unequal, lower one 6 to 7 lines, upper about 5 lines long, both 3-nerved, acuminate; flowering glume 3 to 5 lines long, hairy ; hairs longer above, and at the apex forming a white crown a line or more long ; awn rather slender, 8 to 9 lines long, not hairy; stipe short, very acute, pubescent ; palet less than a line long, obtuse and adherent to the grain, Differs from S, viridula particularly in the unequal glumes, the hairy-crowned flowering glumes, the more slender awn, and the very short palet.—Collected on dry hillsides at Santa Fé, New Mexico. C. Panicle open, the lower branches spreading. 11. S. comata Trin. & Rupr. (Bot. Cal. ui. p. 285.) ‘Culms 1 to 4 feet high, stout, mostly scabrous; leaves involute, roughened, the radical one-fourth to one- third the length of the culm, the leaves of which are much shorter, the uppermost very small or reduced to a mere sheath; ligule conspicuous, acute, 2 to 3 lines longi sheaths loose, the uppermost somewhat inflated, smooth, at length shorter than the internodes ; panicle included at base by the upper sheath, open, 8 to 12 inches long ; rays ternate or in pairs, distant, few-flowered ; glumes about an inch long, nearly equal, 5-nerved, with a long subulate point; floret (including callus of 2 lines) 6 lines long, readily deciduous; lower palet rather sparsely pubescent with coarse hairs, but with no distinct corona ; awn 4 to 6 inches long, seldom distinctly geniculate, scabrous, especially above, shining, variously curled and twisted, soon deciduous; upper palet 53 equaling the lower; stamens 3; anthers mncronulate at apex (but not barbulate as described by Trin. & Rupr.). Stipacese 76; Watson, Bot. King Exped., 380; 8. juncea Nutt. Gen., 1, 58, not Linn.; 8. eapillata HWouk. Flor, Bor. Amer. 11, 237, not Linn. 8S. occidentalis Bolander, Proc. Calif, Acad. 1Vv, 169, in part.”— Rocky Mountains to British Arnerica. 12. S. spartea Trin. (PORCUPINE GRASS). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 641.) Culms rather stout, 14 to 3 feet high, simple, erect ; sheaths longer than internode, ligule very short, obtuse; radical leaves 1 to 2 feet long, involute, pointed, those of the culm complanate or involute, 6 inches long; panicle contracted, 4 to 6 inches long, lower branches in twos, erect, rather few-tlowered ; spikelets large, on pedicels as long or shorter; empty glumes 12 to 18 lines long, lanceolate, subulate-pointed ; flower- ing glume 8 to 10 lines long, including the 3 lines long, obconic, sharp-pointed stipe, brown when mature, sparsely pubescent, with a few short hairs at the crown; awn stiff, twisted, twice bent above, 3 to 6 inches long.—Plains and prairies, Missouri, Iowa, Kansas and northward. 13. S. pennata Linn. Var. Neo Mexicana Thurb. (Coult. Rocky Mt. FL, p. 408.) Culms tufted, 2 to 3 feet high; radical leaves half to two-thirds as long as the culm, filiform-convolute, smooth, those of the culm short, sheaths striate, equaling or longer than the internodes; panicle about 6 inches long, close, nodding, the branches erect, the lower in twos, with few large spikelets; empty glumes 14 inches long, equal, with long, setaceous points, 7- to 9-nerved; flowering glume 7 to 8 lines long, including the obeonic, brown, sharp-pointed, 3 lines long, stipe ; sparsely hairy in lines, contracted below the cup-like apex; awn about 6 inches long, flexuous, twice bent, pubescent or plumose to the apex, with white hairs. —Texas, New Mex- ico and Arizona, ; 14. S. leucotricha Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost, p. 54. Culms 1 to 2 feet high, nodes downwardly barbed with white hairs, sheaths commonly shorter than the internodes; leaves about 6 inches long, linear-convolute, filiform; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, generally included at base by the upper sheath, becoming exserted, sparsely-flowered ; the lower branches in twos, unequal, erect ; outer glumes acumi- nate, subequal, 6 to 7 lines long, }-nerved, pale-green or colored, awn-pointed ; flow- ering glume 4 to 5 lines long, including the stipe (white-hairy), as also the lower part of the glume, the upper part papillose-scabrous, somewhat contracted below the apex or corona, with a fringe of white hairs; awn 24 to 3 inches long, twisted and geniculate. —Texas and New Mexico, This is quite distinct from S. setigera. 15. S. setigera Pres]. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 286.) ‘Culm 1 to 3 feet high, pubes- cent at the rodes, with radical leaves about one-third as high; culm leaves flat, 2 or 3 lines wide below, long-attenuated above, rough-pubescent and sometimes ciliate on the margins, the uppermost nearly equaling the panicle; ligule about 1 line long, truncate and split; sheaths two, pilose at throat, the lower shorter than the in- ternode, the upper loose; panicle about 6 (sometimes 12) inches long, mostly included below, loose, flexuous, more or less secund when young, the slender rays in pairs ; pedicels shorter than the spikelets; glumes 6 to 9 lines long, long-acuminate, the upper rather shorter, usually purplish, strongly 3-nerved ; floret (including a callus of 1 line) 5 lines long, constricted below a distinet corona; lower palet tubercular- roughened, silky-hairy especially on the nerves; upper palet hyaline, scarcely a third as long; awa 2 to 8 inches long, slender, flexuous, more or less distinctly bent above the middle, strongly pubescent below, minutely so above, persistent; anthers bearded at the apex.”—California, 16. S.eminens Cav. (Bot. Cal. u. p, 286.) ‘Culms 1 to 3 feet high, slender, pubescent at the nodes; leaves convolute-setaceous, somewhat rigid, slightly sea- brous, those of the radical tufts about half as long as the culm; lower culm leaves 6 to 8, the uppermost 2 inches long; ligule very minute; sheaths striate, smooth; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, soon exserted, somewhat secund, the very slender 54 rays short, :n pairs, few-flowered; lower glume about 5 lines long, the upper 4 lines, acuminate, 3-nerved, purplish; floret a little more than half the length of the lower glume; callus a little less than one-half line long; corona short, but distinct ; lower palet hairy throughout, the upper about one-third as long and hyaline; awn about 1 inch long, very slender, bent uear the middle, minutely and evenly scabrous, readily falling away; stamen 1, small, oval.”—California. Var. ANDERSONIT. Culmsand leaves moreslender, panicle thinner, empty glumes3 to 4 lines long, 3-nerved, flowering glume 2 lines long, nearly cylindrical, tapering slightly above, sparsely hairy, corona very short; awn 10 to 12 lines long.—Lower California (Dr. Anderson, Dr, Hasse, Allen, and others). 17. S. avenacea Linn. (BLACK OaTGRass), (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 641.) Culms slender, 14 to 3 feet high, about 3 nodes; radical leaves L to 14 feet long. filiform, those of culm short, ligule 14 lines long, acute; panicle 3 to 5 inches long, narrow, branches mostly single or the lower in twos, 1 to 2 inches long, erect-spreading, few-flowered ; empty glumes about 5 lines long, the lower 3-nerved, upper 5-nerved, acute ; flowering glume 4 lines long, including the sharp, brown hairy stipe, the body brown, smooth below, punctate, scabrous above, much constricted at apex, the crown with a few short hairs, awn about 2 inches long, bent above, twisted below; palet alittle exceed- ing its glume.—New England to Florida, west to Wisconsin and Texas. 18. S. flexuosa Vasey. Torr. Bull. xv. p. 49. Culms slender, 2 to 24 feet high; radical leaves 1 to 14 feet long, narrow; panicle 5 to8 inches long, slender and flexu- ous; branches distant, the lower in fives, upper in twos, capillary, 2 to 24 inches long, rather few-flowered, naked below; empty glumes unequal, linear, acute, the lower 5 lines long, faintly 3-nerved below, the upper about 4 lines long, distinetly 3- nerved ; flowering glume 3 to 34 lines long, including the acute stipe, tapering above, sparsely pubescent; awn slender, sparsely pubescent below, about 2 inches long. Distinguished from 8, avenacea by its long panicle, longer and more capillary branches, and small spikelets.—Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. 19. S. Bloomeri Boland. (8. Sibirica Thurb., non Lam., Bot. Cal. mm. p. 287.) “Culms 14 to 3 feet high, clothed at the base by the remains of old sheaths; leaves very narrow and involute, smooth or slightly roughened, the radical about half equaling the eulm; ligule short; sheaths shorter than the internodes, the upper some- what inflated, its blade about half as long as the panicle, pale-green throughout; pan- icle 6 to 12 inches long, erect, narrow; rays distant, the lower in threes or fives, the upper in pairs, branching and few-flowered; spikelets 4 lines long; glumes nearly equal, acuminate in a slender point, 3-nerved, minutely scabrous and one-fourth longer than the fusiform short-callused floret ; lower palet about 24 lines long, minutely 2- toothed at the apex, brownish at maturity, with long, rather coarse hairs; upper palet nearly equal; awn 6 to 9 lines long, flexuously geniculate near the middle, below which it is strongly pubescent (almost plumose), scabrous above; anthers conspicu- ously bearded.”—California ( Lolander), 20. S. caduca Scribn. (Oryzopsis caduca Beal.) Culms tufted, about 2 feet high; leaves narrow, becoming involute, the lower 10 to 12 inches long. the uppermost one setaceous, equaling or exceeding the panicle; panicle 6 to7 inches long, loose, the lower rays in pairs, unequal, erect-spreading, the longer 2 to 8 inches long, sub- divided and flowering above the middle; spikelets mostly on pedicels as long as themselves; empty glumes 34 to 4 lines long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved ; floral glume oblong tapering at each end, 24 lines long, covered with long, white hairs, not constricted at the neck, stipe short, acute; palet about half as long as its glume, obtuse; awn 9 to 10 lines long, smooth, nearly straight, very deciduous.— Montana (Scribner), ; 21. S.Pringlei Scribn, Culms stout,3 feet high; radical leaves narrow, 1} to 2 feet long, scabrous; cauline ones shorter, rigid, ligule short; panicle 8 to 10 inches long, narrow, the branches long and slender, in twos to fives, naked below, few- flowered above; empty glumes 5 lines long, abruptly acuminate, 5- to 7-nerved; 55 . flowering glumes oblong, obconie, 4 lines long, sparsely pubescent, constricted at the apex, the crown short-hairy, awn about 1 inch long, smooth, bent above.—Mexico (Pringle) and Arizona (Pringle, Lemmon, Tracy). Spikelets larger than in S. Bloomeri. Var. LEMMONI. Flowering glume brown, hairy, rather thicker than in the type, less tapering at the apex, and with a more decided constriction of the neck.—Mountains of Plumas County, Cal. (J. G. Lemmon). 22, S. RichardsoniLink. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 641.) Culm slender above, 14 to 2 feet high, radical leaves slender, one-half to two-thirds as long as the culm; panicle loose and spreading, the branches in twos, the lower one 3 to 5 inches long, slender, nake¢. below, few-flowered near the apex; empty glumes unequal, the lower about 5 lines long, the upper one-fourth shorter, both 3-nerved ; flowering glumes 3 lines long including the shor$ stipe, sparsely hairy, narrowed above, brown; awn 10 to 12 lines long.—British Columbia, Montana to the Yellowstone Park. This is alarge form which Prof. Macoun calls var. major, and is larger, and perhaps specifically distinct from the ferm which is found on Lake Superior and eastward. 23. S. Mongolica Turez. Act. Petrop. 1836, p. 42. Annual, culm slender, sim- ple, 10 to 15 liaes high; radical leaves filiform, erect, the lower 3 to 5 lines long, the cauline ones about 1 inch long; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, open, spreading, the lower branches in twos, filiform, 14 inches long, sparsely-flowered mostly above the middle, purplish; empty glumes equal, 24 lines long, obtuse, smooth; flowering glume 2 lines long, including the very short, obtuse callus, sparsely-hairy below, and at apex; awn plumose, twisted below, bent above, 6 to 8 lines long.—Mountains of Colorado. ORYZOPSIS Michx. This genus differs from Stipa in having a usually broader floral glume, the callus of which is shorter and blunt, and in having a very short and deciduous awn, which is sometimes slightly eccentric, or to one side. 1. O. asperifolia Michx. (Gray's Manual, 6th ed., p. 642.) Culms 12 to 18 inches high, overtopped by the Jong and rigid persistent leaf from the base; the upper sheaths with very short or rudimentary blade; panicle linear, 2 to 3inches long, nearly simple, few-flowered; empty glumes 3 lines or more in length, the flowering glume as long, sparsely hairy, with a blunt hairy callus, awn 5or 6 lines long; palet about as long as . its glume and with 2 narrow lodicules nearly as long as the palet ; styles united below, slender.—New England to Minnesota and northward to Alaska; also Colo- rado to Texas. 2. O. Canadensis Torr. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 642.) Culms slender, 6 to 15 inches high; leaves becoming involute, filiform, 6 to 10 inches long, or much reduced ; panicle narrow, 1 to 2 inches long; the branches usually in pairs, compound, erect ; spikelets less than 2 lines long; empty glumes broad, l-nerved; flowering glume, rather shorter, very pubescent, whitish; awn short (one-third to one-half line) and very deciduous, or wanting.— Maine to Colorado and northward. 3. O. exigua Thurb. U. S. Exp. Wilkes, p. 481. Culms slender, tufted, 6 to 15 inches high; leaves 4 to 5 inches, the upper 1 to 2 inches long, rigid, ligule con- spicuous, 1 line long; panicle 1 to 24 inches long, linear; the branches mostly simple, the lower sometimes in twos, erect and appressed ; empty glumes 2 to 2¢ lines long, the lower 1-nerved, the upper 3-nerved at base, obtuse and mucronate, pubescent, a little longer than the flowering glume, the latter sparsely pubescent; awn twisted below, about 2 lines long; palet equaling its glume; stamens 3, styles 3; lodicules 2, as long as the ovary.—Oregon and Washington. This species is closely allied to O. Canadensis, from which it differs in its more simple panicle, less pubescent flowering glume, and longer and less deciduous awns. 4. O. Webberi Vasey. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 283). Culms densely tufted, 4 to 7 inches high; leaves convolute, rigid, pungent, scabrous, the radical 3 to 4 inches long, the 5 56 cauline 1 or 2 inches; lower sheaths crowded and dilated; panicle 1 to 4 inches long, narrow, the lower branches short and erect, or fascicled and long; empty glumes, 4 lines long, acuminate; flowering glumes, about 3 lines long, with a short callus, 5-nerved, apex minutely 2-lobed, covered with copious silky white hairs, a line long, awn 2 lines long, very deciduous.—Sierra Valley (Lemmon) and Reno, Nevada, (S. M. Tracy.) 5. O. melanocarpa Muhl. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.642.) Culms erect, 2 to 3 feet high, leafy; leaves broad and flat, taper-pointed, 6 to 8 inches long; panicle 6 to 9 inches long, lower branches in pairs, 2 inches long, erect, finally spreading, naked below the middle, few-flowered above; empty glumes 4 to 5 lines long, acute, about 7-nerved; flowering glume slightly shorter, acuminate, coriaceous, sparsely pubes- cent; awn about an inch long; styles short and distinct.—New England to Missouri and Minnesota. 6. O. micrantha Thurb. (Coult. Rocky Mt. FI., p.408) (Urachne micrantha Trin. & Rupr.) Culms tufted, slender, 2 feet high; leaves linear, sctaceous, involute-pointed, scabrous margined, the radical 10 to 12 inches long; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, the lower branches in pairs, 1 to2 inches long, rather distant, becoming spreading, flow- ering beyond the middle; spikelets 14 lines long; empty glumes thin, nerved, acute ; flowering glume one line long, smooth ; awn 3 lines long.—New Mexico, Colorado and northward. 7. O. fimbriata Hemsl. (Stipa jimbriata H. B. K.) (Kunth Gram. p. 263.) Culms tufted, slender, 2 to 24 feet high; leaves filiform, setaceous, the radical a foot long or more, the cauline shorter; panicle 3 to 5 inches long, the lower branches in twos or threes, capillary, few-flowered toward the extremity; spikelets or empty glumes about 3 lines long, acute; flowering glume 2 lines long, very pubescent; awn 6 to 8 lines long, smooth.—Western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico. 8. O. membranacea Vasey. Grasses of the Southwest, Pt. 2, p. 10. (Stipa membra- nacea Pursh.; Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt.; Stipa hymenoides R. & 8.; Milium cuspidatum Spreng; Urachne lanata Trin. ; Tendlerai rhynchelytroides Steud.) Culms tufted, 1 to 2 feet high, mostly simple, sometimes geniculate, rather slender; leaves setaceously- convolute, rigid, scabrous, the lower often equaling the culm, scabrous, pungent; upper sheaths dilated; the blade overtopping the panicle or reduced to a filiform point, ligule a line long; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, widely spreading when mature, the capillary, flexuous branches mostly in pairs, the lower dichotomously branched, the branches 1-flowered; spikelets 3 or 4 lines long, on long filiform pedicels; empty glumes ventricose below, attenuate above, pubescent, 3- to 5-nerved below ; flower- ing glume broadly oval, about 2 lines long, densely long hairy, in age losing the hairs and becoming black, hard and shiny, the apex bifid; awn deciduous 2 lines long; palet narrow, entire,about equal to the glume.—British America to California and Mexico. Said to be a valuable and nutritious grass. Grows in gravelly or sandy ground. The difference between Stipa and Oryzopsis appears arbitrary, and botanists disa- gree as to the species included in each. MILIUM Linn. Spikelets 1-flowered, consisting of 2 equal, membranaceous, convex, awnless per- sistent glumes, with a coriaceous awnless flowering glume, and narrow palet, re- sembling a Panicum, but not jointed below the flowering glumes; panicle diffusely spreading. Grain inclosed in its glume and palet, all deciduous together, 1. M. effusum Linn. (WILD MILLET-GRass,) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 642. Perennial, culms smooth, 3 to 6 feet high; leaves broad, flat, thin, 6 to 10 inches long; panicle, 6 to 9 inches long, spreading, the branches 2 to5 together, naked below; empty glumes about 14 lines long, equal, 3-nerved; flowering glume about equal, oblong-ovoid, the edges overlapping the palet, about the same length.—Northern United States and Canada. 57 CINNA Linn. Spikelets 1-flowered, much flattened, in an open, spreading pani- cle; outer glumes lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled, hispid on the keel, the upper somewhat longer than the lower; flowering glume manifestly stalked above the outer glumes, about the same length, 3-nerved, short-awned on the back near the apex; palet nearly as long as its glume, only 1-nerved (‘probably by the consolidation of 2,” Bentham) Stamen 1. A sterile pedicel sometimes present. ; 1, Cinna arundinacea Linn, (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 649.) (Muhlenbergia pendula Bong.; Blyttia suaveolens ¥ries.; Cinna latifolia Griseb.) Culms 3 to 6 feet high, stout; leaves 4 to 6 lines wide, 1 foot long; ligule elongated, conspicuous; pan- icle 6 to 12 inches long, rather dense, spreading in flower, afterward close, lower branches 4 or 5 together, about 2 inches long; spikelets 24 to 3 lines long, flattened ; empty glumes linear-lanceolate, roughish, acute, mostly 3-nerved, the upper nearly as long as the spikelet, the lower rather shorter; flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, 3- nerved, usualy with a minute awn near the apex; palet 1-nerved.—Moist woods and swamps, Canada to Texas, and northern Rocky Mountains to Oregon and Wash- ington, 2. C. pendula Trin, (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 649.) Usually more slender than the preceding species, with a looser, drooping panicle, more capillary branches, and smaller spikelets (about 2 lines). Same range as the preceding. Var. MUTICA. Spikelets less than 2 lines long, flowering glumes awnless—Oregon. Var. BOLANDERI. (Cinna Bolanderi Scribn). Tall and stout; leaves broad; panicle lax, thin; spikelets 2 to 24 lines long; flowering glumes shorter than the outer ones.— California (Dr. Bolander). POLYPOGON Desf. Panicle dense and spike-like or somewhat branched or lobed ; spike- lets 1-flowered, very small, rarely exceeding a line in length. Glumes nearly equal, compressed, 1-nerved, and bearing along awn at or below the apex; floret much shorter than the glumes, without manifest eal- lus, and naked at base; lower palet hyaline, broad, 1-nerved (or ob- securely 5-nerved), truncate, toothed, awned at the apex; scales 2, falcate, entire, aslong astheovary. Stamens 3. Anthers small, Styles short, with long feathery stigmas. 1, Polypogon Monspeliensis Desf. (ANNUAL BEARD-GRAsS.) (Bot. Cal. 11, p. 270.) ‘*Culms 5 inches to 2} feet high, procumbent and geniculate at base, rarely erect, often branching from the lower nodes; leaves broad, flat, somewhat scabrous ; sheaths smooth ; ligule 2 or 3 lines long, obtuse; panicle 2 to 6 inches long, cylindrical or somewhat interrupted, yellowish, dense, and soft ; spikelets about a line long; glumes notched at the apex and emitting an awn two or three times their length; lower paiet with an awn equaling or siightly exceeding the glumes.”—Cali- fornia and Arizona to Texas. 2. P. littoralis Smith. (Bot. Cal. 1m. p. 270.) “Culms from a perennial root, forming large tufts, 1 to 2 feet long or more; leaves rather narrow, scabrous on both sides; ligule 1 to 3 lines long, acute; panicle narrow, much lobed its whole length, and sometimes completely interrapted below, usually purplish ; glumes more or less pubescent and distinctly aculeate on the keel, tapering into an awn of about their own length; awn of lower palet slightly exserted beyond the glumes.” —Same > range as the preceding. 58 3. P. maritimus Willd. (Chapm. FI. 8S. States, p. 552.) Culms simple, 6 to 8 inches high; glumes pubescent, hispid on the keel, one-third as long as the slender awns; flowering glumes 4-toothed, unawned.—Seashore of North and South Carolina (Dr. Chapman). Introduced. Agrostis microphylla var. Masor of California, seems properly to belong in this genus, and is perhaps P. elongatus H. B. K. THURBERIA Benth. Panicle rather long and loose; spikelets narrow, 1-flowered, and with an awn-like pedicel; outer glumes equal and coriaceous, the flow- ing glume nearly as long, chartaceous, compressed, the apex obliquely truncate and terminating in a long twisted awn; palet somewhat shorter and narrower, membranaceous. Stamens 3. Styles distinct. 1. Thurberia Arkansana Benth. (Benth. in Gen. Plant. m1. p. 1118.) (Streptachne Torr.; Greenia Arkansana Nutt; Limnas Arkansana Trin.; Limnas pilosa Trin.) Apparently annual; culms 1 to 2 feet high; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 inches long, somewhat scabrous, and the sheaths more or Jess pubescent; panicle narrow, loose, 3 to 5 inches long, branches scattered or semiverticillate, the lower 1 to 2 inches long, loosely flowering to the base; spikelets 14 lines long, on rather short pedicels; empty glumes equal, linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, hispid, abruptly acute or acuminate; flowering glumes nearly as long, chartaceous, smooth, faintly 3- nerved, shortly 2-toothed at apex, and terminating with a twisted awn 4 or 5 lines long; palet narrow, shorter than the flowering glume; a minute rudiment or pedicel at the base of the flowering glume.—F lorida to Texas, Arkansas and Indian Territory, EPICAMPES Presl. Spikelets much as in Sporobolus, but contracted in a long, narrow, and dense panicle; outer glumes somewhat unequal, membranaceous, convex on the back, scarcely keeled, obtuse, 3-nerved. Flowering glume mostly equaling the outer ones, sometimes 3- to 5-nerved, entire or some- times awned from the apex; palet hyaline, about equaling the flower- ing glume, 2-nerved or 2-keeled. 1. Bpicampes rigens Benth. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 267, as Cinna macroura.) ‘Culms 3 or 4 feet high,erect and rigid, smooth or slightly pubescent below the nodes, clothed below with broken and withered sheaths; leaves narrow, convolute, and attenuate at apex, rough pubescent, the lower 3 to 4 and the uppermost 1 to 2 inches long, all very rigid; ligule 2 to 3 lines long; sheaths much longer than the inter- nodes, loose, rough; panicle 1 to 2 feet long, erect, very narrow, dense, and tapering above, loose and interrupted below, the base sometimes included; rays fascicled, very unequal, the longer (1to 4 inches long) flow er-bearing above, the shorter for their whole length; all, with the common axis, more or less roughened; spikelets 14 to 2 lines long, scarcely compressed, minutely scabrous-pubescent, and on rough pedicels about their own length; glumes acute at apex or blunt with a minute point, the lower somewhat longer and indistinctly 3-nerved ; floret usually somewhat exceeding the glumes, with a brief and minutely hairy callus; palets very delicate in texture, the lower minutely pubescent, more or less acute, 3-nerved, broad, and involving the very thin distinctly 2-nerved upper one, which is about the same length; stamens 3 with linear anthers.”—Texas to California. 1. Epicampes ligulata Scribn. Culms 2} to 3 feet high, erect, smooth, 5 nodes ; lower leaves 1 to 14 feet long, 2 to 3 lines wide, rigid; ligule conspicuous, 6 to 9 lines long; panicle 8 to 12 inches long, narrow (8 to 12 lines wide), loose, branches erect, scattered, approximate, narrow, flowering to the base; spikelets little more than 1 line long ; 59 empty glumes about equaling the flowering glume, barely pointed ; flowering glume oblong, obtuse, or apiculate, 3-nerved, smooth; palet equaling the glume.—Texas to Arizona ard Mexico. ARCTAGROSTIS Griseb. Spikelets one-flowered, in a contracted, mostly spike-like panicle; pedicels of the spikelets rather clavate and usually articulated below the glumes; outer glumes nearly equal and long-awned from the apex ; flowering glume smaller, thinner, generally hyaline, and generally pro- longed at the apex into a slender awn; palet thin, sometimes consider- ably shorter than its glume. 1. Arctagrostis latifolia Griseb, Flora Rossica Iv. p. 434. (Colpodium latifo- lium R.Br.) Culms strict, smooth, 6 to 12 inches high; leaves broadly linear; ligule short-oblong, truncate, lacerate; panicle lanceolate-linear, contracted ; spikelets large; empty glumes ovate-oblong, acutish, the upper one-third longer than the lower; flow-_ ering glume3 herbaceo-membranaceous, sparsely scabrous-pubescent, about 2 lines long, t to $ longer than the upper glume, obscurely 3-nerved; palet nearly equal to its glume.—Point Arrow, Fort Conger and Arctic coast. . Var. ARUNDINACEA Griseb, in Flora Rossica (var. Alaskensis Vasey; Sporobolus arundinaceus Vasey; Vilfa arundinacea Trin, Icones Gramin. 1. pl. 55). Culms taller (2 to 3 feet), panicle laxer and larger, floral glume obscurely 5-nerved.—Alaska. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Spikelets 1, or rarely 2-flowered, in a contracted or open panicle. Outer glumes unequal, the lower one shorter, often acute, unawned, 1- to 3-nerved, membranaceous ; flowering glume mostly longer, unawned ; palet about equaling the flowering glume, and of the same texture, prominently 2-nerved. Seed mostly loose in a hyaline or rarely coria- ceous pericarp. § 1. Panicle contracted, spike-like, or becoming somewhat spreading. Culms erect or spreading, scarcely branched, 1. Sporobolus Indicus Rk. Br. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) Culms tufted, erect, l to 3 feet high, smooth, lower leaves halfas long as the culm, terminating in a long, fine point; the upper similar; ligule obsolete; panicle narrow, 4 to 12 inches long, tapering at the point, often interrupted at the base ; branches one-half to 14 inches long, erect, flowering to the base ; spikelets sessile, crowded on the branches, about 1 jine long; empty glumes obtuse, the lower one-half, the upper two-thirds as long as the floral glume; floral glume acutish, 1-nerved; palet about as long as its glume, faintly 2-nerved.—Introduced, but widely dispersed. 2. S. Virginicus Kth. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) (Vilfa Virginica Beauv. ; Podosemum Virginicum Link.) Culms much branched at base, from a running root- stock, erect or decumbent 6 to 12 inches high; leaves short and convolute, distich- ous, rigid, often spreading and recurved ; panicle 2 to 4 inches long, densely flowered, or sometimes lax ; spikelets about 14 lines long, the empty glumes nearly erect, peren- nial.—Seacozest, Virginia to Florida and Texas. 3. S. asper Kth. (Gray’s Manuai, 6th ed., p. 645). (Vilfa Hookeri Trin.; Agrostis longifolia Torr.) Culms tufted, 2 to3 feet high, rather stout; lower leaves 1 foot long, tapering to an involute point, the culm leaves shorter than the internodes, the upper one inflated, partly or wholly inclosing the 4 to 6 inch long panicle; spikelet 2 to 24 lines long, ernpty glumes broad, obtuse, the lower one-half and the upper two-thirds as long as the spikelet, flowering glume and palet nearly equal, smooth or pubescent below, obtusish at apex.—Maine to Texas, 60— Var. DrumMonpit (Vilfa Drummondii Trin.) Culms stout, 2 to 3 feet high, smooth, firm, sometimes with a few lateral branches, lower leaves flat, 6 to 10 inches long, the upper becoming involute and setaceously pointed, panicle exserted or looser than in the preceding, 5 to 8 inches long; spikelets about 3 lines long; empty glumes nearly equal, obtuse, about one-half as long as the spikelet; flowering glume attenu- ated above and one-fourth longer than the palet.—New York to Texas. 4. S. pilosus Vasey. Bot. Gaz. xvi. p. 26. Perennial, from thick roots; whole plant pale-green; culms cespitose, rigid, erect, about 14 feet high, leafy, particn- larly at the base, mostly simple; sheaths smooth, the uppermost sheathing the base of the panicle, the lower crowded and flattened; ligule inconspicuous; the throat, margin, and both sides of the lower blades pilose, the upper ones involute and at- tenuated to a long point, shorter than the culm; panicle terminal, spike-like, 2 to 3 inches long, close, the lower part included in the sheath; spikelets 24 lineslong, smooth, the lower empty glume one-fourth shorter than the upper, which equals the tlower- ing glume and palet, all obtuse.—Kansas (B. B. Smythe). Resembles S. aspera, which has the leaves longer than the culm, both empty glumes shorter than the flower, and the leaves smooth or not pilose. 5, S. minor Vasey. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) “Culms tufted, perennial very slender, erect or ascending, 10 to 18 inches high, leaves short and narrow ; pani- cle at first sheathed, becoming exserted, 1 to 3 inches long; glumes and palet nearly equal, acute or somewhat acuminate.”— Virginia, Illinois, Missouri, South Carolina to Texas. 6. S. vaginzeflorus Vasey. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 645.) (Vilfa, Torr.) Annual; culms slender, 6 to 12 inches high, ascending or erect; leaves involute, awl-shaped, 1 to 4inches long; panicles lateral and terminal, concealed in the sheaths; spikelets little more than a line long, glumes and petals nearly equal, acute: grain more than half as long as the palet.—Maine to Texas. 7. S. cuspidatus Torr. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) (Vilfa cuspidata Torr.) Culms tufted, strongly rooted, erect, slender and wiry, 12 to 15 inches high; leaves 1 to 4 inches long, very narrow, linear, the branches single, the lower ones Linch long, appressed ; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long ; the empty glumes acuminate and little shorter than the cuspidate flowering glume.—Maine to Minnesota and in the Rocky Moun- tain region, 8. S. gracilliimus Thurb. (Vilfa gracillima Thurb.) (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 268.) “Culms annual, capillary, smooth, much branched at base, forming small, dense tufts, 3 to 12, but usually about 6 inches high; the leafy portion about 2 inches high; leaves 6 to 9 lines long and less than a line broad, flat, involute at apex, very minutely scabrous on the upper side and margins; ligule about 1 line long, obtuse and lacerate, decurrent; sheaths equaling the internodes, loose, striate, smooth with hyaline margins; panicle long-exserted, narrowly linear, few-flowered, interrupted below ; rays in pairs or threes, erect, appressed, 1- to 3-flowered; spikelets about a line long on shorter pedicels; glumes subequal, or the upper larger, membranaceous, colorless, very obtuse, distinctly 1-nerved, mucro or erose-toothed at apex, about half as long as the oblong-ianceolate floret, which has a small callus; petals about equal, blackish, the lower 3-nerved, with a few very minute hairs on the nerves be- low, mucronate or tipped with a small seta.—In the Sierra Nevada, in wet soil at 11,000 feet altitude, Brewer; Yosemite Valley (Bolander); Santa Barbara (Mrs. Cooper) and Oregon (£. Hall).” . The habit and annual root abundantly distinguish it from any of the forms of S. depauperatus. 9. S. Wolfii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x. p.52. (Vilfa minima Vasey.) A dwart annual grass, 1 to 2 inches high, the culms capillary, with a simple, terminal, few- flowered panicle, and one or two similar ones from the axil of the leaves; leaves short, strongly nerved; sheaths inflated, striate; spikelets one-half line long; empty glumes scarcely half as long as the flower; floral glume ovate; palet equaling the glume.—On the shores of Twin Lakes, Colorado (J. Wolf and C. W. Derry). 61 § 2. Panicle contracted, culms much branched, decumbent and often rooting below. 10. S. depauperatus Vasey (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) (Vilfa depauperata Torr. ; Vilfa utilis Torr.) Culms perennial, tufted, slender, 3 inches to 2 feet long, decumbent and geniculate, many jointed, often much branched ‘leaves commonly 1 to 3 inches long, often involute, ligule conspicuous, acutish ; sheaths rather shorter than the internodes ; panicle 4 to 3 inches long, very narrow, branches solitary, appressed, the lower sometimes $ to1 inch long, flowering to the base; spikelets about 1 line long, on short pedicels; empty glumes nearly equal, ovate, obtuse, one-third to one-half shorter than the flowering glume, the later obscurely 3-nerved, smooth, often black- ish, and pointed with a minute mucro; palet about equal to its glume.—Throughout the Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Montana and British Columbia. A very variable species, with several distinct forms, one of which with tangled matted culms, used by the Mexicans for stuffing pack saddles, was called by Dr. Tor- rey Vilfa utilis. 11. S. repens. Pres]. Rel. Heenkeane 1. p. 241. Culm decumbent from creeping rhizomas 6 to 12 inches long, much branched, nodes many, often geniculate, lateral branches flower-bearing ; leaves 1 to 14 inches long, very narrow; ligule rather long, panicle narrow, the terminal 1 to 14 inches long, the laterai shorter, few-flowered ; spikelets grayish, 1} lineslong; empty glumes nearly equal, one-half as long as spike- let, acutish ; flowering glume cuspidate, palet nearly as long, acute.—Texas to Arizona. Much like S. depauperatus, of which it is perhaps a form. ° 12. S. Sacatilla Griseb. (Gram. Mexicanum Fourn. p. 101.) Differs from the pre- ceding in the longer culms, more involute and recurved leaves, with shorter ligules, panicles rather more exserted, spikelets shorter (about 1 line long), glumes shorter (hardly 4 line long), flowering glume shorter and acute.—Texas (Nealley and No. 746 Wright). § 3. Panicle mostly open and spreading ; culms erect. 13. S. interruptus Vasey. Bull. Torr, Club, xv. p. 8. Culms 1} to 2 feet high, rather stout, with few leaves, erect, from a strong creeping rhizoma; leaves mostly at the base, flat, rather rigid, 3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, the lower sheaths and leaves more or less soft—hairy, ligule almost obselete, upper sheaths very long, smooth; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, narrow and close, with the branches short and interrupted, or panicle loose, with branches alternate, the lower 2 inches long, dis- tant, and the lower third naked; spikelets large (24 lines long), the pedicels mostly short; empty glumes unequal, lanceolate, acute, the lower one-third shorter, the upper 3-nerved and equaling the spikelet; flowering glume thicker in texture, l-nerved, acute, smooth; palet nearly equal, 2-nerved; stamens 3, very long.— Arizona, 14. S. Nealleyi Vasey. Bot, Gaz. xvi. p. 48. Small; culms from strong rhizoma, erect, slender, about 6 inches high, naked above; leaves few, about 1 inch long, rigid, divaricate, involute, pungently pointed; ligule villous; panicle 1 to 2 inches long, of few (6 or more) short, erect-spreading, few-flowered branches; spikelets less than 1 line long, the lower one-half as long as the second, which equals the palet.— Texas (G. C. Nealley). 15. S. argutus Kth. Enum. Plant. 1. p. 215. (8. Arkansana Nutt.; S. Sabeanus Buck.) Culms tufted, 6 to 12 inches high, leafy below, leaves 2 to 6 inches long, sheaths ciliate above and at the throat, blade flat, tapering to a fine point, upper sheath long, reaching to or at first inclosing the panicle, 14 to 4 inches long, narrow at first or becoming pyramidal, spreading, the lower branches in fives, 1 inch long, linear, naked near the base; spikelets less than 1 line long; the longer empty glume one-fourth to one-third as long, the upper as long as the spikelet, acutish.— Mexico to Texas and Colorado. 16. S. Domingensis Kth. (Chapm. Fl. 8. States Suppl., p. 661.) Culms erect, 10 to 20 inches high, compressed at base; leaves linear-acuminate, flat or convolute rigid; 62 sheaths conduplicate, compressed, ciliate above and at the ligule; panicle erect- spreading, at length contracted; empty glumes acuminate, the upper equaling the 1-line long spikelet, the lower half as long; flowering glume acute.—Florida (4. H. Curtiss, Dr. Chapman). 17. S. Wrightii Munro in MS. Culms stout, erect, 3 to 4 feet high, from a stout creeping rhizoma, leafy; sheaths long, smooth; ligule nearly obsolete or sparsely hairy ; lower blades 1 foot or more long, narrow, smooth without, scabrous within, tapering into a long filiform point; panicle lanceolate, 12 to 15 inches long, open, the branches very numerous, racemose, narrow, scattered on the smooth axis, 2 to 4 inches long, approximate, erect-spreading at an angle of about 45 degrees, flower- bearing nearly to the base; spikelets nearly a line long, on very short pedicels; empty glumes unequal, the lower 4 and the upper two-thirds as long as the flower- ing glume, thin; flowering glume obtusish, smooth, little thicker than the empty glumes.—New Mexico, Texas and Arizona. 18. S. airoides Torr. (Bot. Cal., 11 p. 269.) (Agrostis airoides Torr.; Vilfa airoides Steud.) Perennial; culms tufted, often stout, from strong-rooting rhizomas, | to 3 feet high; leaves rather rigid, strongly revolute and attenuate; panicle broadly pyramidal, soon exserted, 6 to 12 inches long, open and diffuse; rays solitary or in pairs, slender, spreading, rather distantly subbranched, naked below; spikelets a line long, on slender pedicels; empty glumes obtusish, somewhat unequal, the lower one-third to one-half as long as the glume, the upper a little shorter than the flower- ing glume.—In the Rocky Mountain region; Great Plains; Texas to Montana; Cali- fornia to Oregon, 19. S. cryptandrus Gray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) Perennial strongly rooted; culms erect or decumbent below, 2 or 3 feet high, sometimes with a few lateral branches, uyper nodes distant ; leaves flat, 3 to 6 inches long, commonly par- tially inclosed in the upper sheath, and sometimes permanently and wholly in- Icosed, the lower branches 2 inches long, flowering nearly to the base; spikelets nearly 1 line long, nearly sessile; empty glumes lanceolate, acute, the lower } as long and the upper as long as the spikelet.—New England, westward and southward to New Mexico. Var. STRICTUS Scribn. Panicle 6 to 12 inches long, the branches permanently strict.— Western Plains. Var. ROBUSTUS Vasey. Culms remarkably robust, erect, 3 feet high; leaves wider and longer, rigid; panicle partially expanding, 10 to 12 inches long, dense, the branches closely approximate,—Texas ( Nealley). Var. FLEXUOSUS Thurb. Panicle 6 to 15 inches long, expanded, and becoming re- , flexed, longer and more slender, the lower ones sometimes 6 inches long; spikelets rather shorter and more acute, and on pedicels equal to or longer than the spikelets.— Dry Western plains, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona to Texas. 20. S. heterolepis. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 646.) Culms erect, 2 to 3 feet high, slender, naked above; leaves involute, thread form, the lowest nearly as long as the culm, panicle 4 to 6 or even 10 inches long, open, loose, the branches alternate or several together, at first erect, becoming widely spreading, naked below ; Spikelets 24 lines long ; empty glumes very unequal, the lower narrow or setaceous, about half as long as the upper, the latter taper-pointed and longer than the floral glume.—Connecticut and New York to Illinois and Wisconsin, Minnesota, and all the prairie region, Texas to British America. 21. S. tricholepis Torr. (Vilfa tricholepis Torr.) (U.S. Geol. Surv., Wheeler, vr. p. 232.) Perennial, tufted, culms erect, simple; leaves mostly radical short (3 to 6 inches), erect or curved, rigid, involute; the lower sheaths inflated, ligule short, auriculate; panicle oblong, open, 4 to 6 inches long, the branches more or less spreading, scattered, the lower 1 to 2 inches long, loosely flowered ; the spikelets on slender pedicels, 1} to 14 lines long; empty glumes thickish, oblong, obtuse or obtus- ish, nearly equal, a little shorter than the spikelet; flowering glume and palet nearly 63 equal, both woolly-pubescent on the ucrves aud margins,—From Texas westward and southward into Mexico. This species is peculiar in its thickish, persistent glumes and very pubescent flowers. 22, §. Jonesii Vasey. Bot. Gaz. vi. p. 296. Culms densely tufted, erect, 1 to 14 feet high, wiry; radical leaves numerous, short, rigid, and involute, except the lowest; culm with 1 or 2 leaves below, the blade about 1 inch long, setaceous, sheath .four times as long, scabrous; panicle erect, thin, 14 to 3 inches long, rays solitary, appressed, the lower 1 to 14 inches long, subdivided from the lower third; spikelets mostly very short pediceled, about 1} lines long; glumes about one- third as long as the flower, broad, obtuse or truncate, and the apex erosely toothed, thin, and purplish; flower with a distinct pedicel or callus; the flowering glume and palet. much alike in texture, firmly membraneous, 1-nerved, finely scabrous and pubes- cent below, 1 to 14 lines long; the palet narrower and but little shorter, after flower- ing becoming more elongated, cylindrical, and. pointed.—Soda Springs, Cal. (M, E. Jones). 23, S.junceus Kth. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 646.) Culms cespitose, 14 to 2 feet high, simple, smooth, naked above ; leaves slender, involute, the lower elongated, narrow ; panicle narrow; lanceolate or almost linear, open, the branches in threes or fives below, Linch or less long, few-flowered; spikelets 1} lines long, purplish, empty glumes lance-ovate, acute or acutish, the lower, half to two-thirds as long as the upper, the latter as long as the flowering glume.—Rare in Texas, common eastward. 24. S. compressus Kth. (Vilfa compressa Trin.; Agrostis compressa Torr.; Agrostis Torreyana, Kk. & 8.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.647.) “* Very smooth, leafy to the top ; culms tufted, stout, very flat; sheaths flattened, much longer than the internodes; leaves erect, narrow, conduplicate-channeled; empty glumes acutish, about one- third shorter than the obtuse flowering one; panicle 8 to 12 inches long; spikelets 1 line long, parplish. Forming strong tussocks, 1 to 12 feet high.—Bogs on Long Island and io the pine barrens of New Jersey.” | 25. S. serotinus Gray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 647.) ‘* Smooth; culms very slender, flattish (3 to 15inches high), few-flowered; leaves very slender, channeled ; panicle soon much exserted, the diffuse capillary branches scattered ; glumes ovate, obtuse, about half the length of the flower, A very delicate grass ; the spikelets half a line long.--Sandy wet places, Maine, to New Jersey and Michigan.” 26. S. Texanus Vasey. Contr. Nat. Herb. 1. p. 57. Perennial; culms 1 foot high, rigid below, rarely branching below, the upper half occupied by the capil- lary panicle; leaves lirear-lanceolate, rigid, 2 to 3 inches long, acuminate, rough above; the lower sheaths and ligule covered with scattered white hairs; panicle half the length of the plant, sheathed at the base, becoming diffuse, the branches capil- lary, mostly single and few-flowered, the lower 2 to 3 inches long; spikelets about 1 line long, oo capillary pedicels; empty glumes unequal, the lower one acute, less than half as long as the upper, the latter as long as the spikelet.—Presidio County, Texas (G. C, Nealley). Resembles S. asperifolius, but with simple, erect culms and more rigid. - 27, S$. Buckleyi Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, X. p. 128. Culms 24 to 3 feet high, leafy, erect ; leaves 1 to 2 feet long, narrow, terminating in a long, slender point; sheaths shorter than internodes; panicle 1 to 14 feet long, diffuse, thin, branches mostly single, sometimes the lower verticillate, 8 to 5 inches long, flowering above the middle, the branchlets short and curved; spikelets very short, glume pedicelled, lanceolate acute, the lower one-half and the second two-thirds as long as the third, the last a little shorter than the palet.—Texas (Nealley) to Mexico (Pringle). 28. S. Bolanderi Vasey. Bot. Gaz. x1. p. 337. Culms slender, about a foot high, decumbent below, smooth; leaves narrowly linear, flaccid; radical ones about 6 inches long; cauline ones similar, 1 to 2 inches long; ligule short and obtuse ; upper half of stem naked; panicle 2 to 3 inches long, sparsely-flowered, open, lax, lower 64 branches in twos or threes, filiform, 1 to 14inches long, flowering above the middle; spikelets about2 lines long; empty glumes unequal, 1-nerved, upper one, ovate-lanceo- ate, 1 line or more long, lower one one-fourth shorter; flowering glume nearly 2 lines long, oblong-lanceolate, 5-nerved, softly pubescent on the nerves below; palet equal- ing its glume, finely ciliate on the nerves; sterile pedicel prominent, one-third to one-half as long as the flower.—Collected at Multnomah Falls, Oregon (Dr. H. N. Bolander). 29. S. confusus Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xv. p. 293. (S. ramulosus of authors not of Ath.) Annual; culms 6 to 12 inches high, erect, slender, branched below ; leaves mostly near the base, about 1 inch long, acute; panicle nearly as long as the plant, 4 to 10 inches long, 1 to 2 inches wide, the branches approximate, mostly single, capillary, 1 inch or less in length, erect-spreading, each with few long cap- illary, clavate pedicels; spikelets one-half line long; empty glumes one-half to two-thirds as long as the spikelet, mostly ciliate fringed on the margin.—Texas and Mexico and northward to Montana. § 4. Culms decumbent and often rooting below; branched panicle open and spreading, perennials, 30. S. asperifolius Thurb. Bot, Cai. u. p. 269. Culms 6 to 15 inches long, decumbent at base and forming extensive plats; leaves short (1 to 2 inches long), narrow, fine pointed, flat or folded; sheaths smooth, leaves sometimes rough on the margins and upper surface; ligule short and obtuse, lower sheaths inflated ; panicle included at base, expanded and capillary, 3 to 5 inches long, oblong or ovoid in ont- line, branches fine, 1 to 2 inches long, mostly single; spikelets few, about one-half line long, on long capillary pedicles (often an inch long); empty glumes nearly equal, acute, minutely scabrous, as long as the flowering glume and palet.—Texas, northward and westward. Var. MAJOR. Much longer, runners often 2 feet long, leaves, especially the upper ones, 3 to 4 inches long, culms longer; spikelets nearly a line long; empty glumes equal, acute, one half to one quarter shorter than the flowering glume a and palet; the glumes sometimes tipped with a short point. 31. S. auriculatus Vasey. (S. asperifolius var. brevifolius, Contr. Nat. Herb. I. p. 56.) In habit like the preceding species, the leaves more crowded and rather shorter, the panicle longer stalked, and not so large; ligule lacerated and the outer segments acute and auriculate; panicle roundish; spikelets 1 line long, empty glumes about half as long as the spi kelet, the flowering glume obtusish and mucronate tipped ; the second glume often denticulate.—Texas (C. Wright, No. 737), also Sandy plains in Crockett County (Reverchon), and at Pena (Nealley). MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Spikelets 1-flowered, small, paniculate, articulated above the outer glumes; flowering glume with a very short, usually hairy callus. Outer glumes variable in size, from small or minute to nearly as large as the flowering glume, sometimes bristle-pointed, keeled, persistent, thin; flowering glume 3- to 5-nerved, rigid or thinnish, mucronate or awned, sometimes with a long capillary awn from the apex between the short teeth, frequently pubescent below; palet about as long as the flowering glume and of similar texture. A, Culms generally tall, unbranched. 1. Panicle loose and spreading, the pedicels capillary. 1. M. capillaris Kth. 2. M. affinis Trin. 3. M. Reverchoni Vasey. 65 2. Panicle contracted. . M. distichophylla Kth. . M. Emersleyi Vasey. . M. setifolia Vasey. . M. Berlandieri Trin. Ions 3. Panicle linear, or much contracted. 8. IM. acuminata Vasey. 9, IM. virescens Trin. 10. JM. gracilis Trin. B. Culms mostly low and slender, and with a decumbent base, panicle spreading. 11. JM. arenicola Buckl. 12. IM. gracillima Torr. 13. M. pungens Thurb. C. Culms erect, simple or branching, panicle close or spike-like. 14. ‘M. comata Thurb. 15. IM. glomerata Trin. 16, Wrightii Vasey. D. Culms weakly erect or decumbent, simple or branched. 17. M. Willdenovii Trin. 18. IM. diffusa Schreb. E. Culms ascending, panicle contracted, from scanty rootstocks. 19. IM. sobolifera Trin. 20. IM. Mexicana Trin. 21. (M. Californica Vasey. 22. M. Parishii Vasey. 23. M. Huachucana Vasey. 24. IM. sylvatica T. & G. 25. IM. ambigua Torr. I’. Low plants, culms erect, branching, panicle spreading. 26. M. Buckleyana Scribn. 27. ‘M. Arizonica Scribn. 28. M. debilis Trin. 29. M. Texana Thurb. H, culms branching, wiry, panicle contracted. 30. IM. Neo-Mexicana Vasey. 31. M. pauciflora Buckl. 32. M. Lemmoni Scribn. 33. IM. Pringlei Scribn. 34. IM. monticola Buckl. 35. IM. parviglumis Vasey, Anomalous: 36. IM. dumosa Scribn. 37. IM. depauperata Scribn. 1. Muhlenbergia capillaris Kth. (Stipa diffusa Walt. ; Stipa sericea Michx.; Stipa capillaris Lan.; Agrostis setosa Willd.; Agrostis sericea Ell.; Podosemum capillare Desv.; Trichochloa capillaris DC.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 644.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, 12974—No. 1_5_ [Feb. 25, 1892., 66 leaves long, nearly equaling the culm, erect, narrow, and becoming involute; panicle 1 to 2 feet long, open and spreading, the branches capillary, 6 to 10 inches long, dis- tantly subdivided, pedicels 4 to 14 inches long; empty glumes one-fourth to one-half as long as flowering glumes, obtusish or acute, with or without an awned point; flowering glume about 2 lines long, narrow, with an awn two to four times as long as itself.—New England to Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. Var. FILIPES Chapm. (Muhlenbergia filipes). Curtis; both glumes long-awned ; flowers light-colored.—F lorida. Var. TRICHOPEDES (Agrostis trichopodes Ell.; Muhlenbergia trichopodes Ell.; Muh- lenbergia expansa Trin.), empty glumes not awn-pointed, awn of flowering glume short. 2. M. affinis Trin. Agrost. 11. p. 55. Culms simple, very slender, naked above the middle; sheaths longer than the internodes, scabrous downward; ligule 2 to 24 lines long; leaves linear, compressed, 5 inches long, pale glaucous; panicle 8 inches long, spreading, shining, branches solitary, or in threes or fives, capillary, lower ones about 3 inches long, naked below for 6 to 9 lines, above open-branched, pedicels sometimes shorter, sometimes 2 or 3 times longer than the spikelets, the latter 2 lines long; empty glumes one-third as long as the flowering glume, the latter glabrous, with a short, hairy callus and an awn 4 to 5 lines long. This is Trinius’s description, and seems to answer to specimens from Texas, col- jected by G. C. Nealley. We have the same also from Arizona (J. D. Emersley ). 3. M. Reverchoni Vasey & Scribn. Culms 1} to 2 feet high, slender, erect, upper half naked; radical leaves 3 to 5 inches long, flat, involute toward the apex, scabrous on the upper surface, ligule 1 to 2 lines long, cauline leaves about two; panicle pyra- midal, 5 to 8 inches long, thinly flowered, the lower branches about 3 inches long, © mostly solitary, subdivided nearly to the base, capillary, pedicels as long as, or 2 to 3 lines longer than the spikelets; empty glumes one-third or one-half as long as flowering glume, acute; flowering glumes 23 lines long, the awn rather shorter. Dis- tinguished by the short, flat leaves. —Texas (Mr. J. Reverchon). 4. M. distichophylla Kth. Enum. Plant, 1. p. 202. Perennial, culms firm, 3 to 34 feet long, including panicle, leafy; leaves distichous, the lower two-thirds - as long as the culm; condupulicate, rigid, scabrous, sheaths compressed, smooth, ligule 5 or 6 lines long, acute; panicle contracted, 6 to 15 inches long, rather dense, about an inch wide, branches scattered or verticillate, erect, 1 to 3 inches long, about the lower third naked, above with short, erect subdivisions; spike- lets 14 lines long; empty glumes as long as the flowering glumes, or slightly longer or shorter, linear-oblong, thin, obtuse; flowering glume slender, smooth or nearly so, awn 3 to 6 lines long, or absent.—Western Texas to Arizona (?). The awnless form has shorter empty glumes. The awned one has the long glumes of an Epicampes. There is some doubt whether our plant is the one described by Kunth. 0, M. Bmersleyi Vasey n.sp. Culms 3 to 5 feet high, stout; leaves long, scabrous, 1 to 2 feet long, rigid, 1 to 2 lines wide; sheaths scabrous, ligule 4 to 5 lines long, lacerate; panicle ample, 1 foot long, loose, purplish, branches scattered, the lower ones verticillate, 4 to 5 inches long, naked near the base, pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers ; empty glumes about 1} lines long, one-fifth longer than the flowering glumes; acutish, thin, 1-nerved, not keeled; flowering glumes 1 to 1} lines long, silky pubes- cent, especially on the margins below, 3-nerved, the middle nerveexcurrent near the apex in a slender awn 6 to 8 lines long; palet equaling its glume, pubescent oun its back between the two nerves.—Southern Arizona (J. D. Emersley). This has a heaver, looser panicle than M. distichophylla. 6. M. setifolia Vasey. Bot. Gaz. v1. p. 296. Culms czspitose, 1 to 2} feet high, smooth, radical tufts fascicled, sometimes 1 foot long, involute-filiform, awl-pointed, scabrous on the margins, culm leaves similar, gradually sborter, the upper usually sheathing the base of the panicle; panicle narrow,6 to 8 inches long, linear and little subdivided, panicle appressed, shorter than to twice as long as the spike- lets; spikelets 2 lines long,empty glumes one-third as long and erose, obtuse, thin, 67 about equal, the upper sometimes with a short, setaceous point; flowering glume smooth, with an awn 8 to 9 lines long, palet one-fourth shorter than its glume. The specimens described above are No, 221, of G. C. Nealley. This description includes the small form collected by Dr. Havard in the Guadalupe Mountains in 1881, which is smaller,and with short-curved leaves. It is near what I supposed to be M. Berlandieri Trin., of which we have no authentic specimens. 7. M. Berlandieri Trin. Agrost. p. 53. Culms erect, about 3 feet, smooth, simple; sheaths much longer than internodes, scabrous, ligule 2 to 3 lines long, leaves linear, firm, lower ones 6 inches long, plain or convolute, pale glaucous; panicle lanceolate, 10 inches Jong, shining; common axis scabrous downwards, branches single or in twos or threes, scattered, rongh,soon subdivided above the base; pedi- cels short or twice as long as spikelet; spikelet about two lines long, linear-lanceolate very narrow; empty glumes subequal, one-sixth as long as the flowering glume 3-nerved, very rough, hairs of the callus a little shorter than the glumes; awn about 6 lines long.—Texas. No. 1992, C. Wright, has been re ferred to this species. 8. M. acuminata Vasey. Bot. Gaz. xI. p. 337. Culms 3 to 4 feet high, slender, smooth; radical leaves involute, 6 to 12 inches long, cauline ones 3 or 4, distant, nar- row, becoming: invulute, acuminate, scabrous, the lower 6 to 8 inches long, the upper 1 to 2 inches, ligule 8 to 4 lines long, lacerate ; panicle linear, 6 to 10 inches long, inter- rupted, the branches sessile, verticillate, or in twos or threes, closely appressed, the lower 1 to 2 inches long, flowering to the base; pedicels and rachis scabrous, spike- lets 2 lines long; empty glumes half as long, nearly equal, obtuse and denticulate at apex, mem>ranaceous; flowering glume 2 lines long, rigid, 3-nerved, acuminate, and terminating in a minute awn, about a line long; palet as long as its glume, acute.—New Mexico (No. 1993, C. Wright.) 9. M. virescens Trin. Agrost., p. 57. Perennial; culms 1 to 2 feet high, sim- ple, erect, rather rigid, without nodes except atthe base ; leaves at base 6 to 10 inches long, flat, scabrous on the margins, or some of them involute setaceous ; sheaths very long, ligule narrow, 4 lines long, acute ; panicle 5 to 8 inches long, contracted, not dense, erect or drooping, somewhat one-sided, branches single (in twos or threes, Trin.), erect, flowering to the base, 1 to 2 inches long, pedicels very short; spikelets about two lines long; empty glumes lanceolate, acute, the lower one-fourth shorter than upper and 1l-nerved; upper as long as or a little exceeding the flowering glume and 3-nerved; flowering glume sparsely soft-pubescent below, awn flexuous, 5 to 8 lines long; callus short-pubescent ; palet about equaling its glume.—New Mexico, Arizona and Mexico. The culms are without nodes, except at the growing-point of the rhizoma, 10. M. gracilis Trin. Agrost. 1. p. 56. Perennial; culms 1 to 2 feet high, slen- der, the nodes crowded at the base, scabrous; covered at the base with dry, open sheaths; leaves convolute, rigid, 4 to 6 inches long; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, flexu- ous, linear, narrow ; branches single or in twos below, 1 to 2 inches long, flowering at the base; pedicels scabrous, very short; spikelets 14 to 2 lines long; empty glumes unequal, the lower about one-half as long as the flowering glume, 1l-nerved, acute or erose; upper glume one-third shorter than the flowering glume, 3-nerved, acute or 3-toothed, with the teeth short-awned ; flowering glume, 3-nerved, pubescent or scabrous on the back, ciliate on the margins; awn 4 to 8 lines long; palet equaling its glume.—Texas, New Mexico, California and northward to British America, Var, BREVIARISTATA (Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey) much reduced, 7 to 12 inches high; panicle about 2 inches long; awn 1 to 2 lines long.—At high altitudes, Colo- rado and Wyoming. 11. M.arenicola Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1862. Culms 1} to 2 feet high ; leaves mostly short, 4 to 6 inches, linear, erect, attenuated toa fine point, foided; panicle 6 to 8 inches long, open, spreading, branches singly and in twos or threes, the lower 3 inches long, sparsely flowered, the lower fourth naked; pedicels one to three times as long as the spikelet ; spikelets about 2 lines long, empty glumes half as long, ob- tuse or obtusely tridentate, awn of floral glume scarcely 1 line long.—F rom western Texas to Arizona. This has been considered by some a variety of the next species. 68 12. M. gracillima Torr. (Coul. Rocky Mt. Fl. p.410.) Culms 6 to 12 inches high, tufted and much branched at the ground, radical leaves numerous and crowded, short (1 inch), filifurm and curved; cauline about 2; panicle purplish, more than half the length of the culm; branches erect-spreading, sparsely flowered, mostly single, branched above the middle; spikelets 14 to 14 lines long; empty glumes one- half to two-thirds as long, lanceolate, acuminate, or the upper 3-toothed; awn of the flowering glume about as long as the glume.—New Mexico and Texas to Nebraska. 13. M. pungens Thurb. (Bot. Cal. u. p. 227.) In habit like the preceding but large and coarser; culms 10 to 18 inches high; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, involute, rigid, pungently-pointed; panicle 4 to 6 inches long, pyramidal, the branches single, somewhat fasciculated, divided from the base into long-pediceled, diverging, 1-tlowered tays; spikelets 2 to 24 lines long, empty glumes about half as long, bris- tle-pointed, or the lower 3-toothed; awn of the flowering glume about 1 Kne long; palet with two setose teeth.—Texas and New Mexico to Nebraska. 14. M. comata Benth. (Vaseya comata Thurb. Bot, Cal. mu. p. 278.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high; nodes slightly pubescent, not branched; leaves 5 or 6 on the culm, flat, 4 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3 lines wide, erect; ligule a short lacerate fringe; sheaths equaling or the upper shorter than the internodes; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, sil- very, narrow, sometimes interrupted below, the branches sessile, $ to 1 inch long, densely flowered; spikelets sessile or very short pediceled, 14 lines long; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate, acute, 14 lines long ; flowering glume, nearly as long, obtuse, somewhat 2-toothed at apex, surrounded at base with copious white hairs two-thirds as long as the flowering glume; awn 2 to 3 lines long, flexuous.— Rocky Mountains, Colorado to Montana, Oregon and California. 15. M. glomerata Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 643.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, rather stiff, usually very leafy and often much branched ; panicle 2 to 3 inches long, oblong-linear, contracted into an interrupted glomerate false spike, the branches sessile ; leaves often 10 to 12, 3 to 4 inches long, narrow, rather rigid; empty glumes about 2 lines long, including the bristle-like point, hispid on the keel; palet one- half to three-fourths as long as its glume, narrow, very acute, mucronate or short- pointed.—Common. Var. RAMOSA, stout, much branched below, very leafy.—Prairie regions. 16. M. Wrightii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xu. p. 53. Culms erect, or rarely somewhat decumbent below, simple or branching below, 1 to 24 feet high, rather wiry; leaves 3 to 6 inches long, narrow, appressed; sheaths shorter than the inter- nodes; ligules short; panicle spike-like, cylindrical, densely flowered, more or less in- terrupted, the lower branches of thrifty specimens 4 to 1 inch long, appressed, florif- erous to the base; spikelets 1 to ¢ lines long, sometimes 2-flowered ; empty glumes nearly equal, about 1 line long, with a thin ovate base, contracted into a narrow, acuminate point; flowering glume a little longer and thicker, tipped with a very short, stiff awn, 4 to 4 line long, 3-nerved below, slightly pubescent; palet about as long as its glume.—Rocky Mountains, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado and Mexico. 17. M. Willdenovii Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 643.) Culms upright, 3 feet high, frequently much branched, slender; panicle contracted, linear, elongated, 4 to 10 inches long, loosely flowered ; leaves spreading, 3 to 4 lines long; spikelets 2 lines long; empty glumes slightly unequal, about 1 line long, ovate; flowering glume 2 lines long, scabrous or pubescent; awn 4 to 5 lines long.—New England to Missouri. 18. M. diffusa Willd. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 644.) Culms diffusely much branched (8 to 18 inches); contracted panicles slender, rather loosely many-tlowered, terminal and lateral; empty glumes extremely minute, the lower obsolete, the upper truncate; awn once or twice longer than the flowering glume.—Dry hills and woods, from New England to Michigan, Iowa and southward to Texas. 19. M. sobolifera Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 643.) Culms 1 to 2 feet high, often much branched, slender; leaves rather short, 3 to 6 inches; panicle linear, 69 sometimes interrupted, the lower branches 1 inch long, appressed ; spikelets 1 line long or less; empty glumes nearly equal, one-third shorter than the flowering glumes, the latter abruptly short mucronate, pubescent below, rough above.—New England to Minnesota and southward. 20. M. Mexicana Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.643.) Culms ascending, much branched, 2 to 3 feet high; panicles lateral and terminal, often included at base, con- tracted, the branches densely spiked-clustered, or linear-contracted, or loose and open, 2 to 6 inches long; empty glumes slightly unequal, lanceolate, long acuminate, about the len.zth of the very acute flowering glume, the latter about 1} lines long, sparsely pubescent below.—New England to Colorado and Minnesota. 21. M. Parshii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x1. p. 53. (AML. sylvatica var. Califor- nica.) ‘This grass has the spreading, diffusely branched habit of M. sylvatica, and should perhaps be ranked as a marked variety of that species. The narrow panicles terminating the long, leafy, terminal and lateral branches are 4 to 6 inches long, the rays mostly alternate, the lower ones distant and subspicate, some of them 1 inch long, the spikelets sessile and crowed on the branches; the outer glumes membranaceous, except the hispid green keel, equal, lanceolate, acuminate, scarcely 2 lines long, rather exceeding the flowering glume without its awn; flowering glume about 14 lines long, firm, finely scabrous, acute, and terminating in astraight awn about its own length, sparingly villose at the base; palet about as long as its glume, acute.—San Bernardino Mountains, California (8. B. Parish). 22. M. Californica Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x11. p. 53. (M. glomerata var. brevi- folia.) Culms 1} to 2 feet high, erect and leafy; leaves (5 to8 on each culm) rigid, short and wide (2 to 4 inches long, 2 to 3 lines wide), somewhat scabrous; panicle spike-like, interrupted and with longer branches below; glumes and palets about equal in length (1 line), glumes acuminate, scabrous puberulent; flowering glume acuminate and tipped with an awn half its length or less, 3-nerved, pubescent below ; palet acute, about equaling the flowering glume.—Southeast California (8. B. Parish). 23. M. Huachucana Vasey n. sp. Culms tufted, much branched at base, 12 to 18 inches high, leafy; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, 2 lines wide, erect, rather rigid, scabrous ; panicle 2 to 4 inches long, narrow, tha lower branches sometimes in twos, all densely flowered, erect, contiguous; spikelets 2 lines long, sessile; empty glumes about equal 14 to 2 lineslong, ovate, acuminate-pointed, the long point scabrous; flowering glume about 2 lines long, 3-nerved, with a short awn; palet about as long as its glume. Both flowering glume and palet villous pubescent below.—Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (J. G. Lemmon). 24, M. sylvatica T. & G. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 643.) Culms ascending, much branched and ditfusely spreading (2 to 4 feet long); contracted panicles densely many-flowered; lower glumes almost equal, bristle-pointed, nearly as long as the flowering one, the latter with an awn twice or thrice the length of the spikelet.—Low or rocky woods; common. 25. M. ambigua Torr. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 643.) ‘*Culms ascending, clustering and branching, 1 foot high; panicles contracted, densely many-flowered ; spikelet 2-flowered, the upper flower like the lower and perfect, or more frequently reduced to a mere awn at the base of the lower flower; lower glumes nearly equal, long pointed; flowering glume villous, as long as the flower and equaling the palet, its awn nearly twice longer.—Shore of Elysian Lake, Waseca County, Minnesota ( Geyer).” A remarkable species, approaching Brachyelytrum in the structure of the spikelet, but with wholly the habit of Muhlenbergia. 26. M. Buckleyana Scribn. (MZ. Texana Buckl.) Culms 9 to 12 inches high, much branched at the base; leaves few and near the base, linear, 1 to2 inches long; panicle oblong-lanceolate, constituting three-fourths the height of the plant, slender, the capillary branches scattered, mostly single, erect-spreading, 1 to 2 inches long, sparsely subdivided above the middle ; spikelets three-fourths of a line long, on very short pedicels; empty glumes somewhat unequal, about half a line long, 1-nerved,ovate, 70 acuminate, ciliate on the margins, translucent; flowering glume thin, 3-nerved, bidentate, three-fourths line long, with an awn about as long as itself; palet about equaling its glume.—Western Texas and Mexico, It has much the appearance of Sporobolus confusus. * ” * Culms erect or decumbent or creeping, much branched. 27. M. Arizonica, Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club, xv. p.8. Culms closely tufted, mostly decumbent or creeping at the base with flowering culm rising successively from the same, 10 to 15 inches high; leaves one-half to 2 inches long, narrow; panicles oblong, thin, 3 to 5 inches long, capillary, the branches scattered, the lower 1 or 2 inches long, subdivided nearly to the base, the pedicels capillary, 2 to 6 lines long; spikelets about 14 lines long, purple; empty glumes 4 line long, ovate, acute; flowering glume 3-nerved, pubescent on nerves below, bidentate at apex, the awn straight, and half line long; palet as long as its glume.—Texas and Mexico. Resembles in habit Sporobolus asperifolius. , 28. M. debilis Trin. Agrost. p. 49. Culms tufted, decumbent and much branched, purplish throughout, geniculate and sending up flowering culms which are 5 to 15 inches long; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, puberulent; sheaths somewhat inflated, ligules half line long, lacerate ; panicles 2 to 5 inches long, somewhat contracted, or spreading, the branches short (14 to 1 inch long), mostly single, sessile; spikelets 1 to 1} lines long, on very short pedicels; empty glumes nearly equal, one fourth to one-fifth as long as the floret, mostly obtuse or eroded, hyaline; flowering glume slender, tapering, scabrous throughout, terminated by a slender awn 1 to 14 inches long; palet about equal to the flowering glume. The flowering glume and its awn are very early deciduous.—Arizona, South California and Mexico, 29. M. Texana Thurb. (Coul. Rocky Mt. Fl. p. 410.) Culms diffusely much branched and spreading, decumbent and geniculate; leaves about 1 to 3 inches lung ; panicle 2 to 4 inches long, naked below, sparsely flowered, spikelets 14 lines long, on long capillary pedicels; empty glumes 1 line long, lanceolate, setaceously- acuminate; l-nerved; flowering glume 1} lines long, 3-nerved, sparsely pubescent; awn 3 to 4 lines long, palet equaling its glume, bidentate at apex.—Texas, Arizona, New Mexico to Colorado, Southern California and Mexico. 30. M. Neo-Mexicana Vasey. Bot. Gaz. XI. p, 337, Perennial; culms mostly branched near the base from thickened nodes, wiry, erect, 1 to 2 feet high, scabrous; cauline leaves about 5, setaceous, erect, about 3 inches long, the upper one near the panicle; ligule short, lacerate; panicle narrow, linear to lanceolate, 4 to 6 inches long, the branches unequal, mostly in twos, appressed, the longer 1 to 2 inches long, flowering to the base, the branchlets sessile and closely flowered; spikelets sessile or nearly so, about 2 lines long without the awn; empty glumes equal, more than half as long as the spikelet, lanceolate, acuminate, or awl-pointed, 1-nerved; flower- ing glume short-stalked, 3-nerved, narrow, acuminate, and terminating in a straight, slender awn 4 to 6 lines long.—Rocky hills and mountain sides New Mexico and Ari- zona. 31. M. pauciflora Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phil. 1862. Culm and leaves as in the preceding ; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, narrow, interrupted; spikelets 2 lines long, sessile or nearly so; empty glumes half as long asspikelet, ovate below, above short, awned ; flowering glume 2 lines long, with a short, blunt stipe, smooth, 3-nerved- acute, and with an awn 3 to4 lines long.—Western Texas (No. 732, C. Wright.) This closely resembles the preceding and may perhaps be a variety of it. 32, M. Lemmoni Scribn. Culms much branched at the base, 24 to 2 feet high, wiry, leafy; leaves 1 to 2 inches long, 1 line wide, erect; panicles 3 to 4 inches long, linear, somewhat interrupted, branches short, erect; spikelets about 2 lines long; empty glumes lanceolate-acuminate, 1 line or more long; flowering glumes about 14 lines long, or with the awn 2 lines; very pubescent below—Huachuca Mountains, Arizona (J. G. Lemmon) and Texas (G. C. Nealley). 71 Closely related to M. Huachuacna, of which possibly it is a small variety. 33. M. Pringlei Scribn. Hardly distinguishable from the preceding except by the 8 to 10 lines long awn.—Santa Rita Mountains,fArizona (Pringle, No. 480). 34. M. monticola Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862. Culms tufted, slender, wiry, often geniculate and branched below; leaves narrow, 2 to 3 inches long; sheaths rather shorter than the internodes, ligule white, short, lacerated ; panicles terminating the branches, 2 to 4 inches long, loose, branches sessile or nearly so, single, one-half to 14 inches long; spikelets sessile, about 2 lines long ; empty glumes unequal, linear-lance- olate, not awned nor pointed, the upper 14 lines long, the lower a little shorter, both l-nerved; flowering glume 1} to 2 lines long, pubescent on the nerves below, awn about 8 lines long; palet equaling its glume, awl-pointed.—Texas (8. Buckley, Havard, G. C. Nealley), Arizona (J. G. Lemmon and Pringle), New Mexico (Jones) and Mexico (Pringle). 35. M. parviglumis Vasey. Culms 1 to 2 feet high, rarely unbranched except at the base, commonly sparsely long-branched above the base; leaves 1 to 4 lines long, involute, rataer rigid, narrow; ligule short, fimbriate; panicles 4 to 7 inches long, nar- row, branches single or the lower in twos and sometimes 14 inches long, appressed, flowering to the base; pedicels very short to 2 lines long, thickened upward; empty glumes minute, nearly equal, obtuse or obtusely crenate, one-fourth to one-fifth as long as the flowering glume, the latter 14 lines long, with 2 sharp teeth at apex, and between the teeth an awn 6 to 10 lines long,—Texas (G. C. Nealley). 36. M. dumosa Scribn. Culms suffrutescent, 3 to 6 feet high, smooth, from a thick woody rhizoma, very much branched; leaves filiform, 2 inches long, very numerous; panicles numerous on the branches, oblong-lanceolate, about 1 inch long, loosely fldwered, intermingled with the leaves; spikelets about 14 lineslong; empty glumes nearly equa], about one-half line long; flowering glume narrow, terete, prominently 3-nerved, pubescent below, tipped with an awn 2 lines long; palet rather longer than the glume.—Arizona (Pringle and Lemmon), Mexico (Pringle) and southern Cali- fornia (Orcuté). 37. M. Schaffneri Fourn. Gram. Mexicanum, p. 65. Tufted, dwarf, 1 to 4 inches high, much branched, the branches linear, leafy below; leaves 4 to 1linch long, sheaths loose; the upper part of each branch bears short, linear, 8 to 10-jointed pani- cles, each joint having a branch with 3 to 5 sessile spikelets; empty glumes unequal, the larger 2 lines long, 3-nerved, toothed or lacerated at apex, the smaller mostly shorter and l-nerved; flowering glume 14 lines long, with an awn as long; palet equaling its glume.—Arizona (Lemmon and Pringle) and Mexico (Pringle). Var. LONGISETA Scribn. ditiers principally in having longer awns of the flowering glumes.—Same localities, BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. Spikelets 1-flowered and with a sterile rudiment, appressed, in a simple racemose panicle; outer glumes minute, unequal, the upper and larger about half a line long, persistent; flowering glume chartaceous, rigid, produced at the apex into an awn 8 to 10 lines long; palet hyaline, 2-keeled, bifid at apex. The pedicel (continuation of the rachilla) is bristle-like, half as long as the palet, and partly lodged in the groove on its back. 1. B. aristatum Beauv. Culms slender, 2 to 3 feet high, from creeping root-stocks; sheaths downy, leaves broad, lanceolate, 4 to 6 inches long; spikelets 5 to 6 lines long, without the slender 8 to 10-line long awn; sterile pedicel bristle-like, one-half as long as the flowering glume.—Rocky woods, common from Maine to Minnesota, Var. ENGELMANNI Gray. A western form with the second empty glume awn- pointed, nearly half the length of the floral one, 6 72 AGROSTIS Linn. Spikelets 1-flowered in a contracted or open panicle; outer glumes nearly equal or the lower rather longer. and longer than the flowering glume, 1-nerved, acute, unawned; flowering glume shorter and wider, hyaline, 3- to 5-nerved, awnless, or sometimes awned on the back; palet shorter than the flowering glume, frequently reduced to a small scale or entirely wanting. Stamens usually 3. Grain free. 1. Palet wanting or very minute. A, Panicle spike-like or close and short-rayed. 1. Agrostis densiflora (A. mucronata Thurb. not Presl.) Culms in tufts from an annual fibrous root, 3 to 12 inches high, rather stout; leaves mostly radical or near the base, rather rigid, erect, the uppermost 1 to 2 inches long, rough on the margins; ligule conspicuous, obtuse, decurrent; sheaths longer than the internodes, striate, rather loose, crowded at the base; panicle dense and spike-like, 1 to 3 inches long, 2 to 6 lines thick, the rays verticillate or glomerate, densely flowered, scabrous; spikelets over a line long; empty glumes equal, ovate-lanceolate, very acute or some- what mucronate, the lower hispid on the back, and scabrous throughout; flower- ing glumes a quarter shorter than the empty ones, minutely toothed at apex, not awned, palet wanting or minute.—Santa Cruz, Cal. (Dr. C. LZ. Anderson), This has been distributed as 4. mucronata Presl. Var. ARENARIA (Agrostis arenaria Scribn.) Culms tufted, low (6 to 12 inches), mostly decumbent and geniculate at base, leaves 2 to 3 inches long, 1 or 2 lines or less wide; panicle varying from dense to loose and sometimes interrupted, 1 to 24 inches long; empty glumes nearly equal, ovate-lanveolate, acute, 1 line long, scabrous throughout, hispid on the midnerve; flowering glume nearly as long as the empty ones, broadly ovate, obtusish, minutely toothed at apex, sometimes with a rudimentary awn on the back; palet minute or wanting.—Seashore, Mendocino County (C. G. Pringle, 1882). This differs chiefly in being decumbent below, and with paniclesless dense. In the scrabrous glumes it resembles 4. verticillate. Var. LITTORALE (Agrostis exarata var. littorale Vasey Bull. Torr. Club, x11. p. 54). Culms tufted, low, decumbent below, and sending out long (1 to 2 feet) short-jointed runners, leaves about 2 inches long, narrow, long-acuminate; panicle looser and more thinly flowered, the short rays sometimes spreading; empty glumes more acute, longer, and smoother; floral glume one-half to two-thirds as long as the empty glumes; palet minute, and with the 2 lodicules as long as the ovary.—Bottom lands, Washington (W. M. Suksdorf). Very similar to some forms of 4. stolonifera, which, however, has the palet as in A. vulgaris. It is only connected with 4. densiflora through the var. arenaria. 2. A. microphylla Steudel. Steudel Syn. Pl., p. 164. (Deyeuria alopecuroides Nutt.) Roots annual, culm erect, slender, often branched at the base; leaves short, erect, narrow; sheaths shorter than their internodes, ligule acute, decurrent; pani- cle lanceolate, erect, more or less dense, the very short rays verticillate or glomerate and mucn subdivided; empty glumes 14 to 2 lines long, linear-lanceolate, attenuated to an awn-like point, whitish ; floral glume half as long as the empty ones, narrow, minutely 4-toothed at apex with a dorsal awn about the middle, the latter 2 to 3 lines long, palet wanting.—Throughout California to Oregon and Washington. It is difficult to determine without the original specimens whether this and the preceding are correctly named. Prof. Hackel thinks this must be the A. mucronata Presl., while Gen. Munroe referred it as above. Var. MAJOR (Agrostis exarata var. microphylla Watson). Culms slender or stout, 1} 73 to 24 feet high, leaves much larger, panicle 3 to 6 inches long, varying from dense and glomerate to loosely subspicate, the awned point of the empty glumes sometimes larger than the body, resembling a Polypogon. It is surely not A, exarata.—With the same range as the typical form. 3, A. exarata Trin. (Bot. Cal. um. p. 273.) (Agrostis albicans Buckl.) Culms erect, 1 or 2 feet high or more, from an annual (or perennial?) root, at length naked for some distance below the panicle; leaves mostly erect and flat, 1 to 3 lines broad, 2 to 6 or 8 inches long, the lower generally shorter, smoothish to very rough, ligule obtuse; sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes, smooth ; panicle erect or nod- ding, narrow and dense, to open and thin, often somewhat lobed, rays verticillate and very numerous to few, of unequal length, mostly flower-bearing to the base ; spikelets 1 to 2 lines long; glumes nearly equal, acute, rough on the keel; floral glume one-third to one-half shorter than the empty ones, usually 4- or 5-nerved, usually unawned, soraetimes the midnerve does not extend to the apex and terminates with a short awn; palet usually shorter than the ovary or wanting; stamens 3.—Ex- tending in some form throughout the Rocky Mountain region to the Pacific, and eastward to Wisconsin. One of the most variable species. Different forms have received several names, including Agrostis grandis Trin., A. asperifolia Trin., and 4. pallens Trin. Agrostis microphylla Steudel has also been referred to it as a variety, but I think it is a good species. B. Panicle loose, rather narrow, rays erect. 4. A.varians Trin. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 273.) Culms slender, erect, from a peren- nial root, smooth, 6 to 12 inches high; leaves very narrow ; one-half to 1 line wide, 1 to 3 inches long; sheaths mostly longer than internodes; panicle 1 to 3 inches long, purplish, the rays erect, the lower numerous, about an inch long, flowering above the middle or lower; spikelets a line long or less; empty glumes nearly equal, acute, smooth, or nearly so; palet minute or wanting.—Rocky Mountains to the Sierras. Probably this includes 2 or 3 species. 5. A. tenuis Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x. p. 21, Perennial, loosely tufted; culms 6 to 12 inches high, slender leaves numerous at the base, 1 to 2 inches long, narrow (4 line), with 2 to 3 on the culm; ligule short, obtuse, lower sheaths about equal to the ligule; panicle pyramidal, open, 2 to 3 inches long, the rays in three or fives below, above in twos or single; capillary, the longest 1 inch or more in length, becoming spreading, naked below the middle, above subdivided and few flowered ; spikelets very small (less than a line), purplish, empty glumes rather unequal, acute, smoothish; foral glume thin, a little shorter than the outer, obtusish, 3-nerved above, unawned; palet very minute or wanting.—From southern California to Oregon, on mountains. C. Panicle larger, rays longer, but still erect. 6. A. Scouleri Trin.? (Bot. Cal. 1. p.272). (4. repens Scribn.) Culms perennial from running root-stocks, 14 to 24 feet high, erect 4 or 5 nodes above the base; leaves 4 to 6 inches long, flat or becoming involute; sheaths about as long as the internodes; ligule 1 to 2 lines long, acute ; panicle 3 to 5 inches long, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate ; rays mostly in fives, unequal, the longer 1 inch or more long, naked below, the shorter ones flowering to the base; empty glumes somewhat un- equal, 1} to 1} lines long, acute, smooth except the midrib; floral glumes nearly as long, oblong, acute or acutish, with 5 prominent nerves, the midrib sometimes end- ing above the middle in a slender awn; no palet.—-California to Alaska. This is coaspicuously distinguished by its running rootstocks, which are not men- tioned in the original description, whereas Trinius describes 4. pallens as being sub- repent and stoloniferous. There is great uncertainty about the names of western species of Agrostis, 74 7. A. Diegoensis Vasey. Torr. Bull. Club, xu. p. 55. Culms 3 to 9 from a running root-tock 2 to 3 feet high; leaves plane, 3 to 8 inches long, narrow; ligule 2 lines long; acute; sheaths shorter than the internodes; panicle 4 to 7 inches long, lanceolate, narrow; rays erect, below numerous (5 to 7), unequal, the longer 1} to3 inches long, flowering above the middle, equaling or exceeding the inter- node; empty glumes somewhat unequal, 1} to 14 lines long, acute; floral glume nearly as long, 4-toothed at apex, 2 lateral nerves on each side of the midnerve, which often terminates above the middle with or without a short awn; no palet.—Santa Cruz, (Dr. Anderson) and San Diego County, Cal. (C. R. Orcutt), This is nearly related to the preceding. Var. FOLIOSA (Agrostis foliosa Vasey). (Bot. Gaz. x1. p. 337). Culms stoloni- ferous. 1} to 2 feet high, very leafy, otherwise like the preceding.—Oregon (Dr. Bolander and Mr. Howell), 3. A. Hallii Vasey, Culms erect, stout, 2 to 3 feet high, smooth, not stoloniferous; lower leaves narrow, inclined to be involute, the upper ones flat, 3 to 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, scabrous; lingules 2 to 3 lines long, acute; panicle 6 to 9 inches long, the rays erect, spreading, the lower in clusters of 5to many, unequal, the longer ones 2to 3inches, branching above the middle; spikelets 14 lines long, somewhat ay - pressed and crowded; empty glumes acute, 14 to 2 lines long, scabrous on the keel; the floral glume nearly as long, with 2 tufts of hairs at the base; palet wanting.-- Oregon, Washington and California, Var, CALIFORNIA (4. elata Thurb, in Bot. Cal.). Culms rather stout, erect, from a perennial root, 2 to 3} feet high, smooth ; radical leaves 4 to 6 inches long, very nar- row, the lower becoming involute, the upper ones flat, 3 to 6 inches long, 1 or 2 lines wide, scabrous especially below ; lingules 2 to 3 lines long, acuminate; panicle open, erect, spreading, rather narrow and elongated,6 to 10 inches long; rays unequal, on clusters of 5 to 7 below, and in pairs above, at intervals of 14 to 2 ine‘es, branching above the middle, the longer 2 to 3 inches long; spikelets 14 lines long, somewhat crowded on the branches, on pedicels shorter than or twice their own length; glumes very acute, rough on the keel, floral glume nearly as long as the empty ones, with a few very minute hairs at base, obtuse; palet wanting.—California. 9. A.virescens H. b. K. (Bot. Cal. 1m. p. 274.) Culm 1 to 2 feet high or more, perennial; leaves erect, flat, about 6 inches long and 4 lines broad, rough on both sides; ligule over a line long, truncate; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, mostly smooth; panicle pale-greenish and tinged with purple, about 6 inches long and 14 broad, the rays in clusters about an inch distant on the common axis, two or three flower-bearing above the middle, the others for their whole length; spikelets 2 lines long; glumes very acute, the lower somewhat longer, and terminated by a dis- tinct seta exceeding 4 line in length, rough on the keel and pubescent all over; floral glume about one-third shorter than the outer ones, bearded at the base with a few short white hairs, truncate, 5-nerved, the lateral nerves projecting as dis- tinct teeth, the central excurrent at or below the middle as a strong bent awn about 2 lines long; palet wanting or present as a very minute rudimentary scale.— California (Nos. 34, 4801, and 6079 Bolander’s), Oregon (Suksdorf). This is the description given by Dr, Thurber of a California species collected by Bolander, which has been confused with A. exarata, D. panicle open, rays longer and usually spreading. 10. A. canina Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p.648.) Culms 8 to 18 inches high, with fibrous roots, radical leaves numerous, involute-setaceous, those of the culm a lit- tle broader; ligule acute; sheaths about equaling the internodes ; panicle 3 to Ginches long, erect-spreading, rays of the larger plants mostly in fives below, of the smaller ones in twos or threes, unequal, the longer an inch or more, branching above the middle; spikelets purple or brownish, mostly on short pedicels; empty glumes acute, smooth, 1 to 1} lines long; floral glume one-fourth shorter; awneéd below the iniddle; 15 awn bent and exserted beyond the spikelet; palet wanting.—Mountains of New Eng- land and southward; also of California, Oregon and Washington. Var. STOLONIFERA. Culms densely tufted and stoloniferous; leaves flat, 1 to 2 lines wide; lingule decurrent ; panicle sometimes denser or less open, sometimes pale green and thinner; empty glumes more unequal, very acute; floral glumes nearly equal to the spikelets; awn straight, little exserted beyond the longer glume.—Oregon (Hen- derson, Howell). 11. A. Oregonensis Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, x1. p. 55. Culms caespitose, not stoloniferous, about 2 feet high, somewhat slender; leaves mostly near the base, short and narrow, those of the culm shorter than the internodes, distant, narrow, 3 to 4 inches long, slender pointed; panicle 4 to 5 inches long, purple, somewhat nod- ding; lower rays in threes to fives, 14 to 2 inches long, erect-spreading, naked below and rather numerously flowered at the extremities; spikelets on roughish pedicels one to three times as long, 1} lines long, narrowly lanceolate, acute; floral glume nearly as long as the outer, acutish, 5-nerved; palet wanting.—Oregon (Howell) and Washington (Suksdorf). Resembles 4. scabra, but has shorter panicle and rays, and usually a stouter culm. 12. A. rupestris All. (Agrostis canina var. aipina Oakes.) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 648.) Culms6 to 10 inches high, roots fibrous, caespitose, not stoloniferous; leaves all convolute-setaceous; panicle oval, purple or greenish; branches capillary, smooth ; mostly in twos or threes ; spikelets mostly near the extremity, less glomerate than in 4, alpina; empty glumes a little unequal, lanceolate, sharply acute; floral glume little shorter than the empty ones, rather obtuse, with 2small teeth at the summit, and awned a little below the middle; palet wanting.—Mountains of New England and North Carolina. Var. ruBRA. A small form occurring in Labrador and British Colum- bia is perhaps 4. rubra Linn, E. Panicle open, rays longer, spreading. 13. A. geminata Trin. Icones Gram. 1. Pl. 28. Culms cespitose, about 8 inches high, erect or geniculate-ascending, thin filiform, smooth, the radical ones involute- filiform, 2 to 3 inches long, those of the culm plane, about 1 inch long; panicles 2 to 3 inches long, diffuse, the axis filiform and flexuous, with 4 or 5 nodes, the rays mostly in pairs or the lower in threes or fours, dividing above the middle into several parts with divergent pedicels; empty glumes lanceolate, very acute, the lower a little the longer, floral glume one-fourth shorter, ovate-oblong, obtusish, indistinctly 5-nerved, with an awn from about the middle which is a little longer thanits glume ; palet shorter than the ovary (or wanting).—Alaska, probably also in an uwnless form in British America and in the Rocky Mountains. 14. A. arachnoides Ell. (Chapm. Flora S. States, p. 522.) Culms very weak and slender, 6 to 12 inches high; leaves very narrow to 1 or 2 lines wide; panicle very long for the size of the plant (one-half to two-thirds), at first contracted, becoming diffuse, the rays capillary, mostly in twos or threes, 1 to 3 inches long; empty glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, rough on the keel; floral glume nearly equaling its empty ones, apex obtuse, with 2 minute setaceous teeth, and emitting near the apex a very fine long awn, 5 or 6 times its own length, or the awn sometimes wanting; palet minute or wanting. —South Carolina, Tennessee, to Louisiana and Texas. 15. A. scabra Willd. (Harr Grass) (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed. p. 648.) (4. oreophila Trin.) Culms very slender, erect, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves short and narrow, mostly involute or sometimes plane, the upper ones 1 to 3 inches long; panicle purplish, 6 to 10 inches long, at first contracted, becoming very loose and spreading; rays capil- lary, often 3 or 4 inches long, the lower in clusters of 6 or more, branched above the middle, the subdivisions flowering near the summit; spikelets a line or more long, somewhat unequal, very acute, scabrous on the keel; floral glume shorter than the empty ones, very thin, sometimes short-awned; palet minute or wanting.—Very variable and widely diffused from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 16 16. A. attenuata Vasey. Bot. Gaz. x1. 337. Culms slender, erect, attenuated, 2 to 3 feet long, smooth; radical leaves narrowly linear, 2 to 4 inches long, those of the culm about 3, distant; sheaths shorter than the internodes, smooth ; ligule conspic- uous, 2 to 3 lines long; blade 2 to 4 inches long, narrow, acuminate; panicle oblong or pyramidal, 3 to 4 inches long (remarkably short for the length of the culm); lower rays in threes or fives, somewhat unequal, 1 to 2 inches long, erect-spreading, capil- lary, few-flowered; pedicels mostly longer than the spikelets; empty glumes equal, about 14 lines long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, scabrous on the keel; flowering glume nearly as long, not awned; palet wanting.—In swampy ground, Mount Hood, Ore- gon (Thomas Howell). 17. A. perennans Tuck. (Trichodium perennans Ell.; T. decumbens Michx.) Culms more or less slender, often decumbent at base, 1 to 24 feet high, simple or branching below; leaves flat, 1 to 3 lines wide, 2 to 6 inches long; panicle 4 to 8 inches long, diffuse, the rays 2 to 4 inches long, variable as to number, the lower often numerous and verticillate, branched below the middle; spikelets at the extremity of rather long pedicels; empty glumes rather unequal, acute or acuminate, hispid on the keel; floral glume one-fourth shorter, not awned; palet wanting.—Widely dispersed; flow- ers in autumn. Var. ZSTIVALIS. More slender, less tall; panicle longer, often occupying one-half to two-thirds of the culm, the rays more capillary and shorter, flowering much earlier (June to August).—Illinois, Tennessee, and southward. 18, A. elata Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 648.) Culms firm or stout, 2 to 3 feet ° high; leaves flat, 110 2 lines wide; upper ligule elongated (2 to 3 lines long); panicle open, 5 to 9 inches long, lower branches in fives or more, unequal, the longer 3 to 4 inches long, flowering above the middle; spikelets somewhat crowded near the ex- tremities of the branchlets, 14 lines long, acute; floral glume about as long as the empty ones, acutely 2-toothed at the apex; palet wanting.—Sandy swamps, New Jersey and southward, 19. A. Nove-Anglie. (4. scabra var. montana Tuck.) Culms perennial, rather firm, somewhat geniculate below, 1 to 2 feet high, smooth; leaves of radical tufts, 4 to 6 inches long; those of the culm 3 to 4 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, flat, soft, smooth; ligule 1 line long, obtuse; upper sheaths very long (3 to 5 inches); panicle pyramidal or oblong, purplish, 4 to 5 inches long; lower rays mostly in fives, some- what unequal, the longer ones 2 to 3 inches long, the upper ones in twos or threes and gradually shorter, rather few-flowered near the ends; empty glumes oblong-lanceo- late, acute; floral glume nearly as long, awned near the apex.—Mountains of New England. 20, A. HowelliiScribn. Culms about 2 feet high, weak, geniculate and decumbent below, 3- to 5-leaved; leaves flat, 6 to 10 inches long, 3 lines wide, the upper ones equaling the panicle, rather scabrous; ligule 1 to 2 lines long, decurrent; sheaths about equal to the internodes, smooth; panicle 8 to 10 inches long, flexuous, pale or whitish, very open and thin, the lower rays in threes to fives, the upper in pairs, the longer 3 to 4 inches long, capillary, sparingly branched below the middle, distant ; spikelets 14 lines long, on rather long pedicels; empty glumes rather unequal, acute, slightly scabrous on the keel, otherwise smooth; floral glume equaling the shorter empty one, narrow, the 4 lateral nerves projecting as setaceous teeth, the stout awn near the base bent and about 2Jines long, a few minute hairs at the base; palet wanting.—Near Hood River, Oregon (No. 198, Howell). F. Panicle short and dense; rays crowded. 21. A. Rosse n. sp. Apparently cespitose ; culms about 6 inches high, smooth; Jeaves mostly near the base, Linch long or less, erect, or appressed ; sheaths rather loose, striate, the upper reaching to the middle of the culm; panicle oblong, 1 to 14 inches long, the comparatively long rays verticillate, erect, and appressed, 4 to # inch long, subdivided above, and the few spikelets crowded at the extremities; empty glumes TT 1 line long, ovate-lanceolate, acute; floral glume little shorter, oblong, obtuse, min- utely toothed at the apex; palet wanting.—A small species with the aspect of Aira, collected in the Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, by Miss Edith A. Ross. 22, A. exigua Thurb. Bot. Cal. 1. p. 275, A dwarfish annual grass; the culms 1 to 4 inches high, erect, flattened, sometimes branching near the base; leaves from an inch to 2 lines long or less, mostly convolute ; ligule about a line long, acute; sheaths very loose, striate; panicle half the length of the plant, included and at first narrow, at length open; lower rays about five, the others in pairs, the longer about an inch in length, bearing one to five flowers above the middle; spikelets i of a line long, the pedicels much enlarged just below ; empty glumes not pointed, aculeolate on the keel, and with minute scattered hairs all over; floral glume equaling the empty ones, 5-nerved, scabrous, with few very minute hairs, very acute at apex, the midnerve prolonged into a roughish awn four times longer than itself, inserted about one-fifth below the tip, which is split down to that point,forming two sete; palet wanting; stamens 1(?)—Foothills of the Sierras (Dr. Bolander). This species I have not seen. 2. Palet at least one-third as long as its glume. A, Small species. 93. A. humilis Vasey. Bull, Torr. Club, X. p. 21. Perennial, tufted; colms 4 to 8 inches high, naked above, 1 to 2 leaves below the middle; radical leaves numerous, L to 3 inches long, very narrow, not rigid, erect; ligule short; pan- icle 1 to 14 inches long, linear, narrow, and few-flowered, the rays short, mostly two or three below, above in twos or single, appressed, the longer rays subdivided and with two to five spikelets each ; spikelets purple, less than a line long, empty glumes ovate-lanceolate, acute, smooth; floral glumes nearly as long as the outer ones, 5-nerved, minutely toothed at apex, unawned or minutely awned; palet hyaline, two-thirds as long as its glume.—Oregon (Cusick), Washington (Howell and Suksdorf). 24, A. zequivalvis Trin. (Bot. Cal. p. 271.) (Deyeuxia equivalvis Benth.) Probably perennial; culm 10 to 18 inches high, slender, erect, smooth; leaves flat, the lower 4 to 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, the upper 2 to 3 inches long, smooth, pale green; upper ligules 1 line long; sheaths smooth, shorter than the internodes; panicle narrow, 2 to 3 inches long, loose, smooth, green or purple; rays mostly in fives below, somewhat distant, unequal, the larger 1 to 14 inches long, flower bearing from about the middle; spikelets about 1 line long, on pedicels mostly as long as themselves; empty glumes nearly equal, acute; floral glume acute, nearly as long as the empty ones; palet as long or nearly as long as its glumes, with a minute hairy rudiment about one-fourth as long (‘‘two-thirds as long,” Trinius), as tle floral glume.—Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Montana and Cali- fornia. ‘ B. Larger plants. 95. A. alba Linn. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed.p. 647.) (A. stolonifera Linn, ; A. vulgaris With.) Rootstocks creeping or stoloniferous; culm 1 to 24 feet high (sometimes less than 1 foot), often decumbent at base; leaves flat, 2 to 6 inches long, ligule long and acute or short and obtuse ; panicle 3 to 8 inches long, open, spreading in flower, more or less contracted afterward, the rays usually numerous and unequal, the longer, 1 to 3 inches long, subdivided and flowering above the middle ;, spikelets about 1 line long ; the empty glumes nearly equal; floral glume a little shorter than the empty ones, thin, 3- to 5-nerved, awnless or rarely short: awned ; palet one-third to two-thirds as long as its glume.—Cultivated from Europe, but apparently also native in mountainous regions. 18 Var. MINOR. A shorter, densely tufted form, 1 foot high; culms geniculate below, with shorter, more slender, erect leaves; short truncate ligules, and sheaths shorter than the internodes. Probably introduced, but growing spontaneously in dry fields and waste places. 26, A. verticillata Vill. (Bot. Cal. 11. p, 272.) Culms 1 to 2 feet high, decum- bent and rooting below, the lower joints geniculate; leaves short, flat, 1 to 3 lines wide, rough; ligule 1 or 2 lines long, truncate; sheaths loose, shorter than the internodes; panicle 2 to 6 lines long, dense, lobed and interrupted; rays crowded, short, branched and flowering from the base; spikelets less than a line long; empty glumes about equal, acute, roughened with a minute pubescence; floral glume about half as long as the empty ones, 5-nerved, minutely 5-toothed at the obtuse apex 5 palet nearly as long as its glume.—Widely dispersed in the southwest, from Texas to California. Norr.—A dwarf form growing in crevices of rocks, Anticosti Island, at the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, collected by Mr. J. Macoun, is probably a new species, of which more specimens are needed. APERA Adans. Characters as in Agrostis, except that the upper empty glume is much larger than the floral glume, which is long-awned from the apex, the toothed palet nearly as long as its glume, and there is a minute, naked pedicel or rudiment of a second flower. 1. A. spica-venti Beauv. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 649.) (Agrostis Beauv. in part.) Annual, culms 1 to 2 feet high; panicle spreading or somewhat contracted ; rays numerous, filiform, numerously divided; spikelets small (about 1 line long), the floral glume roughened toward the apex.—Sparingly naturalized on ballast ground. GASTRIDIUM Beauv. Spikelets 1-flowered in a loose, tapering, spike-like panicle; outer glumes extended into long, acute points, and with an enlarged veutri- cose base, obscurely keeled, the lower longer than the upper; flowering glume very thin, about one-fourth as long as the outer ones, hairy on the back, truncate and dentate at the apex, usually emitting from near the apex a slender awn as long as or longer than the glumes; palet thin, as long as its glume. A sterile pedicel at the base of the flower. 1. G. australe Beauv. (Bot., Cal. m1. p. 275.) (G., lendigerum Gaudin.) Culm 6 inches to 2 feet high, smooth, branching at the lower nodes, geniculate; leaves flat, 2 to 5 inches long, about 2 lines wide; sheaths rather shorter than the internodes; ligule 2 lines long, lacerate-fringed ; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, about 4 inch wide, some- times lobed, shining, pale green; spikelets about 2 lines long, very acute; empty glumes slightly scabrous above, shining below; floral glume hairy; palet equaling the glume,—Introduced and very common in Australia. CALAMAGROSTIS Roth. Spikelets in a contracted, spike-like, or open panicle, with or without a bristle-like or hairy rudiment opposite the palet; empty glumes about equal, awnless, membranaceous or chartaceous; flowering glume usu- ally with a ring of hairs surrounding its base, or a tuft on each side, and usually bearing an awn on the back; palet 2-nerved, 2-keeled. The spikelets usually larger than in Agrostis, 79 § 1. DEYEUXIA Hack. Hairs of the callus seldom exceeding the glumes, sometimes very short; the sterile pedicel also very hairy. A. Panicle small, loose, and spreading, with few rays. 1. Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 280.) Culms tufted from a decumbent base, 6 to 10 inches high, smooth; leaves flat or somewhat con- volute, smooth, the lower 4 to 6 inches long, the upper about lL inch; panicle small ovate or pyramidal; rays mostly in pairs or threes, divided above the middle, and bearing about 5 flowers; spikelets 2 lines or more, purple tinged ; empty glumes equal, broadly lanceolate, acute; floral glume about as long as the empty ones; acu- minate 2-toothed, bearing above the middle a stout awn, which slightly, or one-third, exceeds its glume; hairs of the callus and of the rudiment one-half as long as the glume or less; palet equaling the floral glume.—Alaska and Aretie America. 2. C. Breweri Thurb. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 220.) Culms densely tufted, 6 to 15 inches high, erect, very slender; radical leaves 2 to 3 inches long, setaceously-involute, minutely scabrous above, the upper very short; upper ligule acute, 2 lines long; sheaths close, striate; panicle loose, 1 to 3 inches long, purple rays solitary or in twos or threes, spreading, short, 1- to 3-flowered at the extremities; spikelets 14 to 2 lines long, lanceolate, acute; floral glume equal to empty ones, with acute or lacerate teeth at the apex, with a short, minute tuft of hairs at the base, awned from near the base, exserted nearly a line beyond the apex; palet nearly equaling its glume, 2- toothed at apex.—Sierras of California (Bolander, Lrewer and Lemmon). B. Panicle larger with long spreading or somewhat contracted rays. 3. C. Howellii Vasey Bot. Gaz. vi. p. 271. Culms densely tufted, 10 to 20 inches high, erect, or somewhat geniculate below, smooth; radical leaves loosely setaceous involute, firm but not rigid, in length nearly equaling or even exceeding the culm, ligule conspicuous, about 14 lines long, scarious, culm leaves about 3, narrow or filiform, 4 to 8 inches long, the upper one equaling the culm; panicle pyramidal, 2 to 4 inches long, loose and spreading, rays mostly in fives, lower ones 1 to 1} inches iong, numerously-flowered above the middle ; spikelets pale-green or purple-tinged ; outer glumes lanceolate, acute, 2} to 3 lines long, nearly equal, membranaceous, 1-nerved or the upper distinctly 3-nerved, flowering glume slightly shorter than the outer ones, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4-nerved above, the apex with 2 mucronate pointed teeth, the conspicuous strong awn inserted about the lower third, half an inch long, palet rather shorter than its glume, bidentate at the apex, basal hairs about half as long as the flower, those of the rudiment rather longer.— Oregon and Washington. A well marked. and handsome species, remarkable for the long setaceous leaves, both radical and cauline, and for the open panicle and conspicuous awns, It was named for the discoverer, 7. J. Howell, Oregon. 4. C. pallida Vasey & Scribn. Culms 4 feet high, with 6 or 7 nodes; leaves 2 to 4 lines wide, 6 to 9 inches long; sheaths striate, shorter than the internodes; ligule about 2 lines long, lacerate at apex; panicles 6or7 inches long ; loose and spreading, whitish or very pale, the rays capillary, mostly in fives, the longer 2 inches long, flow- ering near the extremity of the branchlets; spikelets 1 to 14 lines long, somewhat unequal, long acuminate-pointed, pedicels, branches and midnerve of glumes scab- rous; floral glume one-fourth shorter than the empty ones, very thin, acutely toothed at apex; hairs of the callus and rudiment about equaling the glume, very fine; awn slender and short, attached near the apex and extending half a line beyond.—Wash- ington (Suksdorf.) 5. C. Bolanderi Thurb. Bot. Cal. mu. p, 280. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, geniculate below, more or less scabrous throughout; leaves, 4 or 5, flat, 6 to 10 80 inches long, 2 to 4 lines wide, pale, yellowish-green; ligule 2 lines long, truncate, erose or lacerate; sheaths mostly shorter than the internodes, loose; panicle 3 to 8 inches long, loose, dark purple becoming brownish ; rays in threes and fives ; the lower 2 to4 inches long, very slender, rather erect, at length spreading or even deflexed, the branches sparsely flowered above the middle , spikelets 14 lines long on slender ped- icels; empty glumes equal, oblong-lanceolate, acutish or rather obtuse, rough on the keel; floral glume little shorter, sometimes roughish-tuberculate, the lateral nerves projecting at the apex as teeth; hairs of the callus few and unequal, about one-third _aslong, and those of the rudiment more than half as long as the glume, awn attached near the base, stout, extending a line beyond its glume; palet slightly shorter, broad, 2-nerved, 2-toothed.—Swamps, Mendocino County, Cal. (No. 6471 Bolander). C. Panicle ample, loose and open, with short, erect, or drooping rays. (Exception in var. of C. Aleulica.) 6. C. Canadensis Beauv. (BLUE JOINT). (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 650.) Culms erect, smooth, 3 to 5 feet high, rarely branching below; leaves about a foot long, 2 to 4 lines wide, flat; ligule short, lacerate; sheaths appressed, shorter than the internodes ; panicle 3 to 6 inches long, the axis and rays scabrous; spikelets from 1} to 1} lines long; empty glume somewhat unequal, lanceolate, acute; floral glume nearly as long, acute or obtushish, 2-toothed at apex, hairs of callus and rudiment about equaling the glume, awn very slender, arising from about the middle, equaling or little exceeding its glumes; palet alittle shorter; quite variable in the size and looseness of the panicle. Widely spread throughout most of the United States and British America to Alaska. Var. DUBIA (Calamagrostis dubia Scribn.). Culms more slender, panicle narrower and closer, hairs of the floret one-half as long as the floral glume, awn stouter and usually longer than in C. Canadensis.—Montana (Scribner) to Washington (Suksdorf). 7. C. dubia Scribn. Bot. Gaz. x1. p. 174. Culms 2 to 3 feet high, rather slender; leaves much as in C. Canadensis; panicle contracted 5 to 6 inches long, the branches less spreading and more densely flowered than in C, Canadensis, unequal and flower- bearing mostly to the base; spikelets about two lines long, brown or purplish ; empty glumes lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, minutely sca- brous on the back ; floral glume } shorter, irregularly 4-toothed at apex, the straight rather stoutish awn attached below the middle, longer than its glume and equaling the outer glumes; palet nearly as long as its glume, irregularly two-toothed; hairs of the ~ callus and rudiment one-half to two-thirds as long as the floral glume.—Montana to Oregon and Washington. 8. C. LangsdorffiiTrin. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p.650.) ‘*Culm, leaves, and panicle asin C. Canadensis; spikelets 2 to 3 lines long; glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, often cinereously strigose-pubescent; awn stouter than in the preceding, and often slightly exceeding the floral glume.”—Labrador, White Moun- tains, New Hampshire, Oregon to Alaska. 9. C. Aleutica Trin. (Bot. Cal. 1. p. 282.) Culms stout, densely tufted, 2 tod feet high, erect, smooth; leaves erect, rather rigid, those of the culm flat, long- attenuate, a foot (or two) long, and 4 or 5 lines wide, rough ; ligule ovate or trun- cate ; sheaths loose, mostly shorter than the internodes; panicle 6 to 10 inches long, 1 to 2 inches wide, loose, or sometimes rather close ; rays in crowded clusters, the longer 1 to 3 inches long, erect or erect-spreading, mostly flower-bearing to the base; spike- lets 24 to 3 lines long, mostly exceeding the pedicels, pale or brownish; empty glumes nearly equal, lanceolate, acuminate, membranaceous, roughish ; floral glumes like the outer in texture, and but slightly shorter, obtuse or acutish, 4-toothed and lacerate, nearly smooth, its awn inserted just below the middle or near the base and barely as long; hairs of the callus and minute rudiment scarcely half as long as the glume; palet nearly as long as its glume,shortly 2-toothed, 2-nerved.—Near the coast, from Santa Cruz, northward to Washington and Alaska. Var. ANGUSTA. Culms more slender; leaves short and narrow, rigid, and becoming involute; panicle narrow and rather dense; hairs of callus sparse and short, ap- proaching the next section.—Santa Cruz, Cal. (Dr. Anderson). 81 10. C. Cusickii Vasey. Bot. Gaz. x. p. 223. Culms 3 to 4 feet high, erect from creeping rhizoma, smooth, nodes about 3, distant; radical tufts, numerous, with flexible cvrving leaves one-third as long as the culm; sheaths smooth, 4 to 5 inches long, the upper one 7 or 8 inches; ligule conspicuous, 2 to 4 lines long, mem- branaceous; panicle 6 inches long, erect, rather close, ~ to 14 inches wide, the branches whorled, numerous, mostly short, and flowering to the base, the longer ones 1 to 1} inches long, densely flowered, the lower whorls about 1 inch distant; spikelets closely approximated, very short, pediceled; outer glumes about 2 lines long, acute or acuminate, smooth, rather thin; the lower one l-nerved, the upper 3-nerved and a little shorter; flowering glumes nearly as long as the outer ones, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, thiunish, 5-nerved, bifid at the apex; awn erect, inserted a little below the middle, slightly exceeding its glumes; palet nearly equaling the glume, membranaceous; hairs scanty, one-half.to two-thirds as long as the flower; near C, Aleutica, but distinguished by rather smaller and more crowded spikelets and longer awns.—In the Eagle Mountains (W. C. Cusick) and eastern Oregon, at an altitude of 5,000 to 6,000 feet, growing in the shade of Pinus contorta, very conspicuous, but rarely sending up culms. 11. C. Pickeringii Gray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 651.) Culms 1 to 1} feet high ; jieaves short, erect, rather rigid; panicle lanceolate, or pyramidal, purplish; empty glumes ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, bluntish or abruptly pointed, 14 to 2 lines long, thickish; floral glume nearly as long, acute, bearing below the middle a short stout awn slightly longer than the glume, hairs of the callus and rudiment very short and scant, } or + the length of the glume.—White Mountains, New Hampshire, and Vermont (Pringle). 12, C. Porteri Gray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 650.) Culm slender, 2 to 4 feet high; leaves 6 to 10 inches long, scabrous below, tapering to a long slender point, ligule 2 lines long, lacerate; a pubescent or woolly ring at the junction of the sheath and leaf on the back; panicle long and narrow, the rays appressed; empty glumes lanceolate, rather unequal, acute, pale, 2 to 24 lines long; floral glume as long as the upper empty one, firm, membranaceous, bearing below the middle a stoutish, twisted awn of its own length, hairs of the callus scanty, less than half as long as the glume, those of the rudiment half as long as the glume.—Dry woods, Pennsyl- vania (Porter), to New York (Dudley). 13. C. Macouniana Vasey. (Bot. Gaz., x. p. 297, as Deyeuria.) Culms 2 to 3 feet high, erect, somewhat branching below, slender, leafy; leaves narrow, flat, 6 to 10 inches, alternate, pointed, ligule short, lacerate ; panicle 3 to 4 inches long, lan- ceolate or pyramidal, open, the rays mostly in fives, approximate, slender, erect, naked below, spikelets somewhat crowded at the upper part of the branches, little more than 1 line long; the empty glumes nearly equal, purplish, ovate-lanceolate, acute, finely scabrous on the back ; floral glumes equal to the empty ones, ovate-ob- long, somewhat truncate, and 2-lobed at the apex, the lobes finely denticulate, with an awnabove the middle, straight, reaching to the apex; palet one-third shorter than its glume, bifid and denticulate at the apex; hairs copious, as long as the flowering glume.—Northwest Territory, British America (J. Macoun, for whom it is named). In this species the flowers are smaller than those of any other of our species. 14. C. strigosa Wahl. (Arundo strigosa Wahl.) has been attributed to Alaska, but the description of Bongard, in the *‘ Vegetation of Sitka” does not agree with Wahlenberg’s figure in Flora Lapponica, The plant referred to C. strigosa by Dr. Thurber, collected by Mr. Harrington in Alaska, hasa large panicle, the empty glumes 21 to 3 lines long, terminatirg in a long subulate point, strigosely-pubescent all over, especially so on the keel; the floral glume little ghorter, acuminate, with the awn attached considerably below the middle, exserted, and equaling or slightly ex- ceeding the glume; hairsof callus and rudiment copious, and about one-third shorter than the floral glume. In appearance like a large C. Langsdorji,—Alaska. 12971—No. 16 [Feb. 25, 1892.] 82 D. Panicle spike-like, or narrow (sometimes spreading during flowering), the rays short. 15. C. Nuttalliana Steudel. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 650.) Culms stout, 3 tod feet high; leaves long, 2 to 4 lines wide, scabrous on the upper surface; panicle con- tracted, 4 to 6 inches long, rays short, erect, empty glumes lanceolate, tapering into slender, awl-shaped tips, 3 lines long, very scabrous; floral glume a little shorter, acuminate, strongly nerved, awn borne above the middle, stout, slightly exceeding the glume; palet linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equaling its glume; hairs of the callus scanty, half as long, and those of the tuft on the top of the rudiment copious and nearly equaling the glume; grain-bearded at the summit.—New Eng- land, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, to Virginia, North Carolina and southward. 16. C.confinis Nutt. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 650.) (Calamagrostis inexpansa Gray; Deyeuxia confinis Kth.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, smooth except near the panicle ; leaves flat, or becoming more or less involute, scabrous; panicle elongated, 4 to 6 inches long, the scabrous rays spreading at flowering time, afterwards appressed; empty glumes thickish, more or less scabrous, lance-oblong or lance-ovate, acute, about 2 lines long, 3-nerved; floral glume nearly as long, acute, rather thin, awn from below the middle, and about equaling the glume; palet nearly equaling its glume, narrow; hairs of callus and rudiment one-third or little shorter than the floral glume.—Swamps near Lake Erie and westward to Minnesota. Appears to pass into the next species. 17. C. robusta. (C. stricta Trin.; Deyeuxia neglecta Kth. in part.) Culms 14 to 2 feet high, scabrous above, rigid; leaves scabrous, involute or becoming so, the radical ones numerous, ligule narrow, 1 to 14 lines long, obtuse; panicle strict, 4 to 6 inches long, the rays very short, sometimes glomerate; empty glumes about 1} lines long, ovate-oblong, acute, roughish, nearly equal; floral glumes nearly as long, acute, scabrous; awn from below the middle equaling or slightly shorter or longer than its glume; palet one-fourth to one-third shorter than its glume, bifid at apex; hairs of callus and rudiment usually one-third to one-half shorter than the glume, sparse.— Throughout the Rocky Mountain region from British America and Washington to Colorado and Arizona. 18. C. Montanensis Scribn. Culms stoloniferous, 9 to 12 inches high, rather rigid, erect; leaves of radical tufts rigid, involute-setaceous or becoming so, 6 inches long , culm leaves similar but shorter, scabrous ; panicle narrow, linear to oblong, 2 to 24 inches long, dense; rays very short, fasciculate; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate, acute, 2 lines long or more, with the pedicels scabrous, whitish; floral glume one fourth shorter (or 1} lines long), thinnish, finely scabrous, acutely 4-toothed, the stiff awn from the lower third about equaling its glume; palet a little shorter, bifid at apex; hairs of callus one-third as long, and those of the rudiment two-thirds as long as the flowering glume. Rather abundant.—Montana (I. L. Scribner, R. S. Williams). 19. C. stricta Trin. (4rundo stricta Trin.; Deyeuxia neglecta Kth.) Culms slender, 1} to 2 feet high; leaves mostly near the base, slender, almost filiform, 2 to 4 inches long, one above the middle of culm, 2 to3 inches long, ligule very short, obtuse ; pan- icle narrow, 24 to 3 inches long, rather sparsely flowered, much less dense than in C. stricta ; empty glumes about 14 lines long, linear-lanceolate, acute, thinner than the preceding 5 floral glume thin, one-fourth shorter than the empty glume, obtuse, mi- nutely 4-toothed, 5-nerved below, the awn about the middle slightly exceeding the glume; palet one-fourth to one-third shorter than its glume, hairs of callus and rudi- ment about one-half the length of the floral glume.—Labrador (ZL. M. Turner). Seems exactly like Scandinavian specimens of Calamagrostis stricta Hartinann, 20. C. Suksdorfii Scribn. Culms tufted, 2 to 3 feet high, smooth; leaves of culm about 3, 6 inches long, 1 to 2 lines wide, with slender acuminate points, upper ligules 1 to 2 inches long, laciniate, decurrent, lower sheaths shorter and upper ones longer than the internodes; panicle erect, 3 to 5 inches long, close or sometimes rather loose, pale or sometimes purplish, the rays glomeérate, unequal, the shorter ones crowded with the almost sessile spikelets, the longer ones an inch or two long, flower-bearing 83 throughout; empty glumes 1} to 2 lines long, the lower slightly longer, oblong-lance- olate, acute, whitish, translucent, nearly smooth except on midnerve; floral glume thin, one-fourth shorter than the empty ones, oblong, obtuse, the 4 nerves terminating in as many teeth at the apex; a strong awn from near the base to a little beyond the glume; hairs of callus very few and short (} line), those of the rudiment twice as long, or half as long as the glume; palet about as long as its glume.—Montana, British America, Washington, Oregon and California, 21. C. Tweedyi Scribn. Culmsrobust, thick, smooth, 3 to 3} feet bigh ; leaves flat, unusually broad, those at the base 3 to 5 lines wide and 6 to 3 inches long, those of the culm 1 to 3 inches long; ligule 1 or 2 lines long, decurrent; sheaths loose, striate, smooth; panicle spikelike, about 4 inches long, thick, densely flowered; empty glumes 3 lines long, thinnish, lanceolate, acute; floral glume slightly shorter, lance- olate, finely scabrescent. acutely 2-toothed, with a stout, twisted, and bent awn from the lower third to one-third or one-half beyond the glumes; palet as long as its glume, 2-toothed; hairs of callus very short and scanty, those of the rudiment numerous and half as long as the floral glume.—Cascade Mountains, Washington (Tweedy, GR. Vasey). Remarkable for its robust size, broad leaves, and thick panicle. Near C. sylvatica. 22. C. sylvatica DC., var. AMERICANA. Culms tufted, erect, rigid, 1 to 2 feet high; leaves rather numerous and crowded near the base, rigid, the radical ones more than half the length of culin,those of the upper culm 3 to 6 inches long, attenuate-pointed, very scabrous, thick, and more or less involute; ligule 1 line long, truncate often lacerate; sheaths rough, striate; panicle spikelike, strict, sometimes loose, 8 to 4 inches long, 4 inch wide or more, dense, generally purplish; rays mostly in fives, an inch long or less, appressed, and like the rachis very rough; spikelets 3 to 3} lines long, on short roughish pedicels; empty glumes ovate-lanceolate, very acute, scab- rous, the upper 3-nerved; floral glume slightly shorter than the empty ones, very acute or acuminate, with 4 setaceous teeth at apex, awn near the base, twisted below, bent at the middle,and exserted one-half or quite as long as the glume; palet hyaline, narrow, 2-toothed ; hairs of the callus scanty, short (about 4 as long as the flowering glume), those of the rudiment $ or ¢ as long as the flowering glume.—High plains and mountains, British America to Colorado, also Washington, Oregon and northern California, This differs considerably from the European form. Var. LONGIFOLIA. A remarkable form from the Mattole district, California. Culms densely tufted ; the radical leaves as long as the culm, almost filiform and setaceously pointed, empty glumes narrow, 4 lines long, acuminate; hairs of the callus more conspicuous, one-third as long as the glume. -A well-marked variety. (No, 6470 Bo- lander). Var. PURPURASCENS Thurb. is a more slender, less rigid form.—Cal. (No. 5071 Bo- lander). 23. C. purpurascens R. Br. (Hooker FI. Bor. Am, u, p. 240.) Culms tufted, firm, not rigid, 2 to 24 feet high, leafy; leaves flat, 6 to 8 inches long, 2 to 4 lines wide, somewhat scabrous, tapering to an attenuated point; sheaths shorter than the in- ternodes, smooth; ligule 2 lines long, lacerate; panicle spikelike, 3 to 34 inches long, one-half inch wide, purple; empty glumes 2 to 24 lines long, equal, broadly lanceo- late, smoothish, hardly scabrous, acute; floral glume one-quarter shorter, oblong, obtuse at apex, smooth; awn at lower third and extending scarcely beyond the empty glumes; palet equaling its glume, obstusely 2-toothed ; hairs of the callus very short and scanty, those of the rudiment unequal, about half as long as the glume, This description is from specimens collected in the Cascade Mountains of Washing- ton by G. R. Vasey, which agrees well with European specimens, although differing somewhat from the description in Hooker’s Fl. Bor. Am. It occurs also in British America and in Sitka. It is not C. sylvatica var. purpurascens of Thurber, 24. C. rubescens Buck? Prof. Scribner has identified as this species specimens 84 collected by C. G. Pringle on the plains of Mendocino California, and also No. 1089 of Kellogg & Harford and No. 3 of Bolander. The culms are from strong rhizomas, avd about 2 feet high, slender, naked above, radical tufts very leafy, with narrow, rigid, setaceously pointed leaves, about 6 inches long ; panicle strict, purplish, 2 to 34 inches long; empty glumes, oblong-lanceolate, barely acute; floral glumes fuily as long, oblong, broadly toothed at apex; awn from below the middle, hardly equal- ing its glume; hairs of callus scanty and very short, the rudiment short and naked. 25. C. crassiglumis Thurb. Bot. Cal. 11. p. 281. Culm about a foot high, erect, rigid; radical leaves nearly as long; those of the culm 3 to 4 inches long, divergent, the upper smaller, erect, usually reaching the panicle, all acute, rigid, flat below, becoming involate, strongly striate, rough; sheaths loose, smooth ; panicle strict, scabrous, about 2 inches long, dense, purplish, the short, rough rays appressed ; empty glumes, about 2 lines long, nearly equal, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly pointed, minutely scabrous, subcartilaginous, the margins thin ; floral glume about equally long, very broad, acute, obscurely toothed at apex, thickish, some- what scabrous, the rather stout awn attached below the middle, equaling or slightly exceeding its glume; hairs of callus and rudiment aboat $ as long; palet one-fourth shorter than its glume.—Swamps, Mendocino County, Cal. (No, 4766 Bolander), 26. C. Lapponica Trin. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 650.) (Deyeuxia Lapponica Kth.) “Culm and rootstocks stouter than in C. stricta; the narrow panicle less dense, and purplish spikelets larger; glumes fully 2 lines long, tapering to a point; awn from much below the middle of the (floral) glume, stout.—Isle Royale, Lake Superior, to Labrador, north and westward.” This is the description given in Gray’s Manual for a species or supposed species of this country, which I do not fully recognize. I feel sure we have not here the Cala- magrostis Lapponica of Wahlenberg as illustrated in the Flora Lapponica. 27. C. densus Vasey. Bot. Gaz. xvi. p. 144. Culms in large patches, from strong rootstocks, 3 to 4 feet high, robust, leafy, 5 to 6 nudes; the lower sheaths loose and longer than the internodes, the upper including the base of the panicle, leaves often a foot long, rigid, plane, or becoming somewhat involute at the long slender points, somewhat scabrous, as are the sheaths; ligule 1 line long, lacerate 5. panicle strict lance-oblong, 4 to 6 inches long, rachis slightly scabrous, branches somewhat verticillate, appressed, 1 inch long, and densely flowered ; spikelets crowded, 2 to 24 lines long; outer glumes linear-lanceolate, nearly equal, acute, slightly scabrous, margins slightly scarious; third (or flowering) glume a little shorter, narrow, apex slightly toothed and mucronate, a few short hairs at the base; awn twisted near the base, a little longer than its glumes; palet a little shorter than the glume, thin; sterile tuft stender, 4 to 4 as long as the glumes, with few hairs.—Near Julian, San Diego County, Cal. (C. &. Oreutt). 28. C. koelerioides Vasey. (Bot. Gaz. xvi. p. 144.) Culms erect, 2 feet high, rather rigid, smooth; leaves 2 to 6 inches, long, narrow, somewhat scabrous, ligule conspicuous, laciniate, blade rigid, pointed, the upper very short; panicle spikelike, narrow, 3 to 4 inches long, the branches in short, approximate (or at the base rather distant) clusters; spikelets about 2 lines long, linear-lanceolate, rather smaller, but otherwise much as in Calamagrostis densus, the panicle having much the appearance of Koeleria cristata.—Julian, San Diego County, Cal. (C. &. Orcutt), §2. CALAMOVILFA Gray. Rudiment of second flower wanting; glumes and palet rather char- aceous, compressed-keeled; flowering glume 1-nerved, entirely awnless; palet strongly 2-keeled; panicle at length open and loose. 29. C. longifolia Hook. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 651.) (Ammophila longifolia Benth.) Culms stout, 2 to 6 feet high, often reed-like, from strong, scaly, creeping rootstocks, smooth; leaves rigid, often 1 to 2 feet long and 10 to 12 on a culm, flat, tapering into a long attenuated point; ligule, a narrow, woolly ring, more copious 85 on the angles; sheaths longer than internodes; panicle at first close, becoming open and pyramidal, or widely spreading, 6 inches to 2 feet long, the rays smooth, 3 to 6 inches long, scattered on the axis, naked below; empty glumes lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long, the lower } to } shorter; floral glume equaling or little shorter than the upper glume, the hairs of the callus copious, 4 to % as long as the glume.—Lake shores, Illinois, and Michigan westward throughout the plains from British America to Utah and Arizona, 30. C. brevipilis Gray. (Gray’s Manual, 6th ed., p. 651.) (Ammophila brevipilis Benth.) Culms 2 to 4 feet high, from strong, scaly rootstocks, smooth ; leaves at base crowded and strongly conduplicate, those of the culm narrow, with long filiform points; panicle purplish, open, spreading, 5 to 8 inches long, flowering above the middle; empty glumes unequal, ovate to oblong, acute, the upper 2 lines long, the lower about half as long, with a few short hairs external of the base ; floral glumes equal, 2 lines long, sparsely hairy on the back and keels, hairs of the callus sparse, one-third as long as the glume; palet equaling its glume, sparsely pubescent.— Rare: Sandy swamps, pine barrens of New Jersey. 31. C. Curtissii Vasey. (Bull. Torr. Club, x1. p. 7, as Ammophila Curtissii.) Culms 3 to6 feet high, from a stout creeping rhizoma, growing singly or in small tufts, the base clothed with the rigid, imbricated 2-ranked sheaths, the culm above with 3 or 4 dis- tant leaves, involute, setaceous, 4 to 10 inches long; the ligule an obscure ciliate ring; panicle 8 to 10 inches long, narrow and strict, the rays appressed, very numer- ous, scattering or in twos below, loosely flowered, subdivided nearly to the base; spikelets short-pediceled, about 24 lines long; the empty glumes unequal, linear- lanceolate, the lower 3 to } shorter than the upper; floral glume equaling the spikelet or longer, linear-lanceolate, sparsely hairy externally, the basal hairs few and very short; palet narrow, one-third shorter than its glume.—Indian River, Florida (No. 3412 Curtiss). Several other species of this genus have been described or indicated by the author, but on insufficient material, and are therefore omitted. Among these are Deyeuxia breviaristata Torr. Bull. xv. p. 48, D. borealis, Macoun, and D. Columbiana, Macoun. AMMOPHILA Host. Spikelets 1-flowered, in a contracted spike-like or an open, diffuse panicle, with or without a bristle-like rudiment opposite the palet; outer glumes large, nearly equal, rigid, thick, lanceolate, acute, keeled, 5-nerved; flowering glume similar in texture, about equal in length, sometimes mucronate at the apex; palet as long as its glume, of sim- ilar texture, 2-keeled, sulcate between the keels; hairs at the base of the flower usually scanty and short. 1. A.arundinacea Host. (Gray’s Manual, 6thed., p. 651.) (Psamma Beauv.) Culms densely tufted, from firm-running rootstocks, about 2 to 3 feet high; leaves 10 to 18 inches long, rigid, becomirg involute; panicle spike-like, dense, 5 to 10 inches long, cylindrical; spikelets, 5 to 6 lines long; empty glumes lance-linear, scabrous on the keels, floral glume and palet about equaling the empty ones; hairs of callus and rudiment scanty, about + as long as the floral glume.—Seacoast New England to Virginia and on the Great Lakes; also San Francisco, Cal. (J. G. Lemmon.) HELEOCHLOA Host. Spikelets 1-flowered, crowded in a dense spike or spike-like panicle. Lower glumes persistent, membranaceous, acute, ciliate-carinate, awn- less; flowering glume similar, a little longer, and a little exceeding the palet. Stamens 3. 86. Low cespitose annuals; spike often scarcely exserted from the upper sheath. 1, H. schcenoides Host. Culms tufted and generally prostrate, 6 to 10 inches long; leaves short, rigid, tapering to a point; spike oblong, thick, 4 to 1} inches long.—Ballast ground, introduced ; New Jersey and Delaware, PHLEUM Linn. Spikelets 1-flowered, in small clusters, crowded into a dense spike- like cylindrical panicle; outer glumes 1-nerved, mucronate or short- awned ; flowering glume membranaceous, shorter and broader than the outer glumes, in our native species truncate and toothed at the apex; palet hyaline, narrow. In some species there is a small rudiment or bristle below the flower. 1. Phleum pratense Linn. (Timoruy.) Culms commonly 1} to 2 feet high (excep- tionally 4 to 5 feet); spike long-cylindrical; empty glumes ciliate on the back, tipped with a short bristle. Commonly cultivated ; supposed to be introduced from Europe, but apparently native in mountainous districts, 2, P.alpinum Linn. (ALPINE TIMOTHY.) Culms1 to 14 feet high ; spike ovate-ob- long; empty glumes strongly ciliate on the back, tipped with a rough awn about their own length.—White Mountains, New Hampshire; Rocky Mountains, Colarado to California and Alaska. ALOPECURUS Linn. Flowers crowded in acylindrical spike. Spikelets 1-flowered. Outer glumes strongly compressed, boat-shaped, keeled, nearly equal, fre- quently united at the base; third or flowering glume shorter, keeled, with a slender dorsal awn, frequently more or less united below by the opposite margins, and inclosing the stamens and styles; without a palet. 1. A. pratensis Linn. (Meapow FoxTalIL.) Culms erect, smooth, 1} to 3 feet high; leaves rather broad, the upper one short, sheaths inflated ; spike erect, eylindri- cal, 14 to 23 inches long, one-third to one-half inch thick ; spikelets 2 to 2} lines long; empty glumes united for the lower third, lanceolate, acute, softly pubescent and cili- ate; floral glume equaling or a little exceeding the empty ones, the margins connate for the lower half, awned near the base and the awn projecting half its length.—In- troduced and cultivated. Var. ALPEsSTRIS. (Wahl, Flora Lapponica, p. 21.) Culms 6 inches to 3 feet high, stout, more or less glaucous, ascending at the base, stoloniferous, with only 2 or 3 nodes above the base, the portion above the last joint very long (frequently two-thirds the entire length of the culm); leaves rather rigid, erect, 3 lines wide, 3 to 6 inches long, ‘somewhat scabrous, sheaths rather loose, smooth; ligule 1 line long; empty glumes 3-nerved, pubescent, long ciliate on the midnerve, acute, connate to the lower third; floral glume nearly equaling the empty ones, smooth, the margins connate nearly to the middle.—Throughout the Rocky Mountain region from Colorado to Montana and Idaho. Prof. Scribner states that this species is very common in Mon- tana at elevations of from 5,000 to 7,0c0 feet. I think it is too near to 4. pratensis to be separated except as a variety. 2. A. alpinus Linn. Culms 6 to 15 inches high, rather stout, equally leafy with 3 to 5 nodes; sheaths loose, smooth, shorter than the internodes, sheaths short, obtuse, blade L to 4 inches long, erect; spike eylindrical-oblong, or oblong, dense, $ to nearly an inch long; spikelets nearly 2 lines long; empty glumes covered with rather coarse 87 uairs, connate at the base, 3-nerved, acutish; floral glume little shorter than the empty ones, sparsely pubescent or nearly smooth, with an awn below the middle and extending one-third beyond thespikelet.—Alaska, Arctic coast and islands, to Hudson’s Bay and Greenland. 3. A. Californicus Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xv. p.13. Culms 8 to 15 inches high, weak, geniculate, ascending, sheaths inflated, smooth, shorter than the internodes ; blades 2 to 6 inches long ; spike cylindrical, 1 to 1} inches long, 2 to3 lines thick, less dense than in A. pratensis or A. geniculatus; spikelets 14 lines long or less; empty glumes only slightly united below, obtusish or barely acute, sparsely pubescent or nearly smooth, except on the ciliate midnerve ; awn from near the base, twice or thrice as long as itself; floral glume a little shorter than the empty ones, smooth, obtuse.—Santa Cruz, (Dr. Anderson), San Diego, Cal. (C. R. Orcutt). 4. A. geniculatus Linn, Culm ascending, often bent at the lower joints, 8 to 12 inches long, 4 to many (when prostrate) nodes: leaves 1 to 2 inches long, the upper shorter with more inflated sheath; spike 1 to 14 inches long, 2 lines thick, cylindrical, dense; spikelets slightly more than 1 line long; empty glumes sparsely ciliate on mid- nerve, obtuse, connate at the base; floral glume about equal to the empty glumes, smooth, obtuse, awn from near the base, twice as long as its glume.—Introduced from Europe and naturalized in many places. Var. ARISTULATUS Torr. (4. aristulatus Michx.). Culms stouter and more erect, 10 to 18 inches high, less geniculate; leaves 2 to4 inches, attenuated toa fine point, sheaths nearly as long as the internodes; spike 14 to 24 inches long, densely tlowered ; floral glume awnless to awned, twice as long as the glumes.—Extensively distributed from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Var. RoBUSTUs Vasey. Bull. Torr, Club, xv. p.13. Culms geniculate below, thick, simple, or branching, 1 to 14 feet long, smooth; culm leaves 4 or 5, nodes black, smooth ; sheaths loose and inflated, 3 to 5 inches long, 3 lines wide, ligule 2 lines long, acute ;' spike 2 to 3 inches long, 3 to 4 lines wide, cylindrical, dense; spikelets little more than 1 line long; empty glumes little united below, the keels and lateral nerves ciliate-pubescent, obtuse and denticulate at the apex; floral glume nearly equal to the empty ones, ovate-oblong, obtuse, smooth, the margins united in the middle, awn from the middle, slender, little exceeding the glume.—Alaska, Vancou- ver Island and British Columbia (J. Macoun). 5, A. saccatus Vasey. Bot. Gaz. vi. p, 290. Culms 5 to 10 inches high, erect or slightly geniculate below, simple; the radical leaves short, cauline about 3, the lower sometimes extended into a filiform point, upper ones short, the sheath in- flated and generally inclosing the base of the panicle; upper ligules deltoid, acute, about 2 lines long; panicle spike like, oblong, L to 1} inches long, comparatively loosely flowered ; spikelets 2 lines long, the outer glumes narrowly oblong, obtuse, scarious at the apex, slightly united at the base, lateral nerves obscure, the keel and margins fringed with silky hairs, otherwise nearly smooth; flowering glume (lower palet) oblong, obtuse, smooth, equaling the outer glumes, the margins unitvd more than half the length, forming a sack and inclosing the oblong seed, which is one- tenth of an inch long; awn twice or thrice as long as the glume, inserted near the base ; spikelets, about 60 on an inch of the panicle.—Eastern Oregon (7. J. Howell), This species is remarkable for the large size of the spikelets and for the saccate flow- ering glume. 6. A. Howelli Vasey. Annual, 3 to6 inches high ; culms simple, erect or decum- bent at the base, with two or three nodes, culm leaves about 3; sheaths about 1 inch long, striate, the lower shorter than the internodes, the upper one equaling or longer and inclosing the base of the panicle; ligule membranaceous, about 3 line long; blades narrow and elonyated or filiform, the lower two exceeding the culm, the upper one short, lower surface strongly-nerved and finely scabrous; spike an inch long or less, cylindrical-oblong, rather densely-tlowered ; spikelets nearly 14 lines long; empty glumes slightly united below, strongly ciliate on the keel and. lat- 7 88 eral nerves, obtuse, a little exceeding the flowering glume, the latter smooth, oblong, obtuse, the sides united to the middle or higher, awn from near the base, about three times as long as the glume, bent at the middle. Growing in wet soil.—Oregon (T. J. Howell). - 7. A. Macounii Vasey. Bull. Torr. Club, xv. p. 12. Culms 4 to 6 inches high, mostly in clusters of two or three, erect or geniculate below; sheaths 2, narrow and not much inflated, the lower one one-half to 1 inch long, shorter than its internode, the upper one 1 to 1} inches long and much shorter than the culm; ligule membra- naceous, about 1 line long, blades very short, the lower 1 inch, the upper 4 to 1 inch long, narrow, and acuminate; spike } to 3 inch long; empty glumes slightly united below, coarsely ciliate on the keels, the side smooth, obtuse, a little exceeding the flowering glume, which is smooth, ovate-oblong, obtuse, the margins united to the middle or above, the awn from near the base, 2 to 3 times as long as its glume, bent at the middle.—Grows on dry rocks, at Oak Bay, Vancouver Island (John Macoun). This species has a close resemblance to the preceding, but seems sufficiently marked by the difference in the leaves and sheaths and in the details of the flowers. 8. A. cespitosus Trin. (Fl. Bor. Am. 1. p, 257.) ‘ Dwarf 2 to 3 inches high, spike cylindric-oblong, lax, somewhat interrupted and lobed; empty glumes united only at the very base, acutish, rather glabrous ; flowering glume truncate-obtuse, awn searcely longer than the glume; styles connate below.” This species which is figured in Trinins Tcones Gram. pl. 241 (said to be from North America, and referred to in Hooker's Fl. Bor, Am. as probably of Driummond’s collec- tion in the Rocky Mountains) has not since been collected so far as I know. s LYCURUS H. B. K. Spikelets 1-flowered, in clusters of 2 or 3 on the short branches of the spike or spike-like panicle partly included in the bract-like sheath of the upper leaf. Outer glumes membranacecus, acute, complicate, carinate toothed, not awned; flowering glume similar, keel thickish and herbaceous; palet rather shorter, compressed, 2-nerved or 2-keeled. 1. L. phleoides H. B. K. Culms tufted, numerous, usually decumbent at base, 8 to 18 inches hig, slender, branching; leaves narrow, long-pointed; spike cylindrical, dense or lax, 1} to 3 inches long, 3 lines thick; spikelets 2 lines long, empty glumes with a short body and teeth two or three times as long; floral glume 2 lines long, with an awn of equal length.—Westorn Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. COLEANTHUS Seid. Spikelets 1-flowered, very small, perfect, in small umbellate clusters ; outer glumes wanting; flowering glume membranaceous, I-nerved, keeled, acuminate or short aristate; palet shorter and wider than the flowering glume, 2-keeled, acutely 2-toothed. Stamens 2. Stigmas 2, sessile. A minute annual grass. 1. C. subtilis Seid. Culms low, 1 to 3 inches high, in loose tufts, decumbent at base, often branched below; leaves about-4 inch long, curved, smooth; ligule elon- gated; sheaths loose and dilated, the upper inflated; panicle 4 to 1 inch long, sheathed at the base, mostly simple, with 3 or 4 umbellate clusters; pedicels longer than the spikelets, scabrous.—Oregon (7. J. Howell). 89 PHIPPSIA RB. Br. Spikelets 1-flowered, outer glumes minute, unequal, membranaceous ; flowering glume thin, three to four times longer than the outer ones, obscurely 3-nerved, keeled, acute; palet a little shorter, 2-keeled, 2- to 4-toothed at the apex. 1. P. algida R. Br. Culms densely tufted, ascending, 1 to 4 inches high, smooth; sheaths loose, long, striate, ligule short, obtuse, blade 4 to 2 inches long; panicle oblong to linear-oblong, loose, 4 to 1 inch long, contracted, branches short, approxi- mate; spikelets 4 inch long; empty glumes minute, obtuse; floral glume and palet nearly equal, concave, broad, obtuse, apex minutely denticulate.x—Arctic coast, moun- tains of Colorado, 11,000 feet altitude. Page. A LONOPON 3 ocwcdcbswcdecs deuce ease 3, 14 geminiflorns ... 2.0 ec eee cee eee 15 ARYOSIS nee soc cueguswecteuccawens 5,72 sequivalvis..............206--- 7 CLA: (a 62 BDA scsess foeeredsccecbe sevens 77 var. Minor.......--e0. eens 78 arachnoides .....2. 2.0 ence ence 7 QLENATID. oo ne cee ne wenn ewes 72 asperifolia 2... ....---.--0- 220 73 attenuata ..... 2... ee eee eee 76 caning ...--....06-. sz eacsisinee’ 74 var. alpina........2.-.----- 7% stolonifera ........--+- 7 COMPYES8O «co wee cans -- cee seen - 63 densiflora. ......-...-.ee000-0-- 72 Var. arenaria ...........-.- 72 littorale ....-.....---- 72 Diegoensis..............--. +--+ 74 var. foliosa......------2ee0 74 CLOG sc csed- sess Scceee sews seo 76 OCUGTONG socio sce eee eiccceccces - 7 var. littorale......-.--.---- 72 microphylla ...0. cere 72 OXIQUA 02-20. cownne core e revues 77 JOUGGG se cccaceceuececesssoccsts 74 woMminatas. oto ewkeseseeeesie* 19 QYANAIS. .... eee cee e ee wenn 73 Hallii cose sc cess sees ceed 74 var. Californica .......-.... 74 Howellii ....-00. --0----ee0e-- = 76 ha Mili8 23.55 Soa ee diws sc Ses s0hee 77 longifolia... ...2..---20+ eee eee 59 microphylla ....-.-.-. ..- wecee, 72 var. major ...........--.-- 58, 72 MUCTONGLG ..- ec cee connec ceceee 72 Novee-Angli®.. ...-.---0--eeeee 76 OregonenBi8 ........-.-0+ .--200 75 pallens ssscos sess pe ceeesces 73 perennans ...... ....- earns se 76 var. wativalis.............- 76 POPORS 2 oso. e ee ieee tose elses 73 ROB .ccces seccccscce Weteeces 76 Page. Agrostis—Continued. AL A eee 75 TUPOSUriS noo elede cess ewe wees 15 var, rubra. ...e6...--eeeeee = 7D SCALIA... ween cee eee cen ees rey var. montand .....-02..---- 76 Sconleri ........2.....220ccccee 73 BCLO8O So see 'socs coached oeese ee ee 65 SON COO 2255 2 ishdid ie euteeest teed 65 Stolonifera. .. 0.0. 2 -eee ween noes 72,77 TEMOIS..c.c0 ce cewd bee ce i ese 73 Torreyand ..... 2202220000 cooee «BB trichopodes ...2.. 2.2205 0-eeeees 66 VATIONS 255 5c% Sescde Socs coeces 43 verticillata .. 2.2... .2.0-.s-ee 78 VIFOSCODS .. 0000 ces eee ce cceecoes 74 VUIGATES «20222 cee n ee cone ee cnee 72.77 AlopecuruS........cece-- eee eeeeee 5, 86 alpinds....2. sce. ewww ce eee: 86 aristulatus .. 2... c2- 222 eee e ween 87 Californicns .......-.--- s---0 87 geniculatus ...............--6. 87 var. aristulatus ...... .... 87 robustns.............-. 87 pratensis....-..-... ee rae 86 var. alpestris.............- 86 Ammophila ....- 22.22. 0-62 cess eee 5, 8 arundinacea....-.... ....---.. 85 brevipilis ....2. cee. ce ce eee nee 85 CUrligstt 02 c ood occ 2 sees es Shes 85 longifolia ........---..----.... & Amphicarpum .........-........... 3,20 Floridanum ....... 2... cee cee 21 Purshiiss. cece wccct cece ceeces: 20 Andropogon........ 2-22. ceweee cone 2 Glopecuroides... 2.26 - 222 sees woae 8 arctatus ............00-0. weces 12 argenteus ......-..- iecesicoeeeses 12 ATPYTLUS.. oo wee wc ones cane cece 12 Var. tenuis ......0. 62 eee 12 brachystachyus .........--.--. 12 Cabanisii ...........--..--..-- 12 CANGIAUB . cowes coc cee sees caceeee 7 VIII Page. Andropogon—Continuned. clandestinum. ......---....--2-. 12 cirrhatus.........0...22. eee 10 Contortus 2.2... 0.2. cnc e wwe cee ee 8 dissitiflorus ......0 . cee. econ ee 11 BINOtUH) .s22de:2t vse scie wcde 12 Surcetus .. 0... eee cece cece cane 12 Ol 12 PURCING ices est. i beens ketecs 10 | Hallil 2c..036-4 eset ois ok cates 12 var. flaveolus ............. 13 incanescens.........-. 13 | hirtiflorus............0....000. 10 | var. Feensis ............... 10 oligostachyus......... 10 laguroides .........02.....202.- 13 Liebmanniy ... 2.22202. ..00 0005 11 var. Mohrii................ 11 longiberbis._.................. il MACTOUrNB ...... 0002-02000 2 08. 11 | var. corymbosns........... 11 glancopsis ........... il pumilus ............. 11 VIDIQIS ose ccaeeecacese 11 MATIIMUS 2... ee eee cee cae 10 melanocarpus ........ 220. .0000- 8 Mobrii ..... Siew sscie gene seus seat 10 Nuttallit 00... eee cee cece ee 7 oligostachyus .........0....000. 10 Pauciflorus..... 2.2 cee cece nee S] provincialis ..........0.0 0.2... 12 saccharoides ...... 2.2.2... .... 13 var. barbinodis ............ 13 sabmuticns.... 2... 2... 13 Torreyanns............ 13 SCOpPATINS 2... 2 eee 10 var. maritimus............. 10 semiberbis ................ 022. 10 var. pruinosua.............. 10 TONOE pee io betecc tec nc5c 10 tetrostachyns— var. distachyus. ........... 12 wnilaterale. 22... .0..000.00000. 9 WIP PONS oss coe seep uae: 11 var. dealbatns............. 11 glaucus............... 11 stenophyllus.... 22... 11 tetrastachbyus......... 11 Wrightii.... 2... 2... 000000000. 13 Anthenantia..................... 3, 20 A ete ee stace 20 WiNlOG8 eowieczs tides eiddceu anes 20 Anthoxanthum ...... ............ 4,43 odoratum ...................0. 43 PPOER 5 osseisn checctecncdccacex eee. 5,78 c INDEX. var. palustria.... en eenanaeee Pace. Apera—Continued. spica-venti.................... 78 Arctagrostis ............---...-40- 9, 59 latifolia. ...200. 0. 2c. eee ele eee 5D var. Alaskensis ........-... 59 arundinacea.......... 59 | Aristida ..........0.--0..2--2.--2- 3,44 Arizonica .... 222. -.0- 2 eae eee 47 basiramea.............5-00 coos 44 bromoides. 2.0.2.2... scence wees 45 Californica.............02..0-- 438 var. fugitiva ..........-.-. 49 oondensala. 0... no. cece neces 45 desamantha .......... 0.00022. 43 dichotoma .........0..2.00006- 44 dispersa,. .....0. 2.0... eee ce eeee 46 ’ var. bramoides .......----- 45 divaricata . 2.2.0. ..0.40- aeees 47 UIiVET PONS 2446. 24.5. 6eceuadineces 43 Fendleriana ....0. ..ce00eee5--- 46 Floridana ..-....----.--c00 eee 48 Bracilis cess cdoccidesccnkuues. - 44 PYTANG sek ve cieesresccstseeees 44 Havardii ............... 0000. 0 47 Humboldtiana ............---- 47 var. minor...... 2.2... eee 47 JORG cca is obdaseieesicceexs 43 Janata 2.2.0... cok cece cece cnr 46 Nealleyi ...... 0.0.0.2... 0.222002 45 Oligantha ..............0. 000 © 46 Orcuttiana ... 2.2.22... eee nee 43 Palmneri ...0c. ccna nc cee cen cuce 47 palustris . 0.00.0... eee eee 48 purpurascens......... ....---- 46 var. minor ...........---.- 46 purpurea ..........2..0. eee ee 47 var. Fendleriana ......---- 47 Californica ..........- 47 Hookeri. .... .......-- 47 micrantha ...........- 47 Reverchoni .............. weeee 49 Var. AN usta... 2.2... fees 46 TamMosissima ........-- eee wore 44 scabra .........-.e cece ee eee 48 Schiediana.............2.. 008. 47 VAT. MINOM. . 220.02 oe cone 438 simplicifolia .............. eee 44 var, TeXana...........---- | «44 spiciformis ........ .........-- 45 stricta ...... 2. oo coe cece cece 45 stricta ...... 0. oe cee ee wee 45 var. condensata........-.. 45 tuberculosa .......... ... on-ee 48 Virgata . 2.0 oc cee cee cee - 44 45 Arundo— stricta striqosa Aularanthue~ cee twee ce mews we ee cow ane i as BISA sceteatewtecsrccvcie sweets hoes ed var. Engelmanni Calamagrostis aleutica Var. anyusta Bolanderi Se eee ey te twee ewe ene Ce ee | brevipilis ........... . Canadensis var. dubia confinis. .. 0... 02. cee eee wee crassiglumis Curtissii Cusickii densus ween cere e wees teem eeee coenrene i ee eee ee ee) dubia inexpansa .... kelerioides ...... ...... Langsdorffii .... Lapponica .............2.. 20. 7 longifolia ...... Macouniana Montanensis .... Nuttalliana Pickeringii Porteri.. Purpurascens ..... 2... ..0. ---e robusta woes cewee were emer ese secee eewme were eee wees coerce Se ee ee et ee pees ceo meee aves cvce ee ee ee BUNCE oc sce ot rendu senses Btrigosa ... 22.2 ek cece eee Suksdorfili .............. 2.202 sylvatica.....2. 7 var. Americana. ......-.... longifolia won wee se ee wes e Ce ewes ane eroe reece eseee Hem ewe eee see me ce mea ceo wnae eeeean cveanve oe ee emeeee coneee seen INDEX. Paga m2 fod | S& wu « Cr. . Rai ~ Cw at eet ee s oh & oO — — «I Dp ¢ Page / Cenchras—Continned. tribuloides ...... 0.02. gree tevecs a9 Chrysopogon... 2.22.02. cece e cece 3,0 NUCANS. ..000 cocces cannes eo eskct eat: y secundum 2.0... cc... cece ee 1) WIG severe cetese aSedetetcas 9 | CINNB esse ess ie Sele totceddces 5,47 arundinacea. .............-. wee) 57 Bolanderi ..ccc. .ccncecceeee se. OP latifolia 2.0... cece cenne a7 | MACOUTA 226. cece ee cen n ee ve eees he pendula ..... Sond caletee eae ny var. Bolanderi ............ AY mntica ..........2220. ayy COIX. pit avecesce tote ececen ect. ce 1,6 lacbryma ....... cccwee connee oe 6 | Coleanthius.. 2.0.00... 2.5 cece se eeee 5, 88 | SUbtilis . cosets eerste beonies 8a | Colpodium . oc... cceeeeeennes coer 5 | QUOI, do's eg ook ew seeds 59 Deyeuxia ............ sic ee aae tees ” Glopecuroides 1... ..cccc02 -eeee - aquiralria .. 0... cco ee 7 borealin. ...... 2.0066 cee eee woes & breviaristata ..........-..20006 £5 Columbiana............-.006-. & continia .........eeee cece ee eee - & Lapponica ....60 ceeeee Pea | meglecta .. 0.2. cee ccecen cere eeee 2 | Digitaria— lifOrMis oo. .ceceesereeceer rene BD humifnsa ....00.2--+ ised sonne es | ; RETOUURG .. 02 e eee ne ce wene neeeee BD pillosa....2. 20 eucseees scteveds: 725 | Dimorphostachys— Drummondii 2.22.20. -000 00 1x Elionurus . .......-2ce0 coceee econ 26 ; barbiculmis ..........- 220+ +06 : 7 | tripsacoides . ..---.---+-- +e eee 7 » Epicampes ..---.----++-eeee- cee ee ae ligulata. ..-20.seeceereeeee eee. OM TIZONB. 22.20 - ee eee cece eee eens os — Erianthus. .. 20. cece cece cece ceee 3, alopecuroides. ...-.- .e2200 0-0 nm brevibarbis ....-..----.-.----- 9 | CONntOTtUs . 2.2... cece ee eee wee 7 i . we | saccharoides ...-.-..-se--eee- 4 BtTiCtUs . 2... cee eee ee meee eee 9 ' Briochloa .....00.--ceeceeeee ener es BSE Lemmioni.......-- 202 eee ee eee 21 | longifolia ....--------++2e-ers- 21 a | eer ee 22 var. longifolia ...-....----- 21 polystachya ...--- -----+-++0+++° 21 x INDEX. Page. Eriochloa—Continued. punctata...-.. 22-20. ..---- eee 21 var. Minor .......0.....--- 21 SOLIS sooss ee eecee tie Se coerce 24 Eriocoma— cuspidata ...222. cee cece ee ee 36 Fendleria— rhynchelytroides..--..-----+---- 56 Gastridium....................---. 5,78 RUSETALE . oh:05-6 dec Sed S oe eee tes 78 lendiger Um ...c26 cecees cone weno 78 Greenia— APKANSANG 020 eee we eee wee eee 58 Heleochloa..............------- 26 5, 85 schoonoides...-.....--.-.--+2-- 86 Hemarthria-— Sasciculata. 2... 2.2 ee cone nee P 7 Heteropogon ..---........--0-5-06+ 2,8 acuminatus ..........0.. 00000. 8 contortus....2. 22-22. eee e cone 8 Hierochloa ......-..... 00-22. -.-0-- 4,43 OlPIN ad 2otoce tomes coeise ceeds 43 borealis. ...... 22-22 eee eee 43 macrophylla ........---...-.6- 43 pauciflora ................--... 48 Hilarie. soscceeoeeesces, Secieesus 3, 13 cenchroides ...........0....... 14 var, Texana..... 2.2. ...2.. 14 Jamesii ...... Seeacee beans oe 14 mutica ....-...cc0. we eee ene e ee 14 TIGING encase ie srecsecohtieees 14 Hydrocbloa ...........-...2.2.02.. 4, 40 Caroliniensis .........2.. 0.2... 40 ADI POTAata ivess costes cecss eects coy 3,8 Brasiliensis .............2.00.. 8 DREENOUG sun aosveea siniecs cc 8 Hookeri ...... 0.0... 00. eee eee 8 DCIS Aone te cceceraeeeseees 4, 41 hexandra ...............0.---.. 41 monandra....2....22..eceeee ee 42 oryzoides... 2. 0... eee e eee 41 Virginica.........20. 022 0ee eee 42 Limnas— Arkansana........200. 0 cc 5e ee 58 PUOKG sarees Rese eies Fedele de. 58 Lithagrostis... 0... 0.00. cece ee DU210lA oo etcececemoseueeaben mateo 4, 40 Alabamensis .................. 40 Peruviana ...... 2.220. ..000... 40 VV COUUS ose cee hes oe 88 phleoides ..........2.. 0.00.0... 88 Manisuris -..........20....0.000.0.. 2,7 granularis....-.. 20... ..02.. 000. 7 Page. Milium 2.2.22... 20. ween Vee eee 5, 56 amphicarpum ...----.-----+---6 20 CUBPIAALUM 22.2. cee wees eee eee 56 effusum ....2.. - 2-0. eee eee eee 56 Miihlenbergia ...............-...-. 5, 64 acuminata ........---eeeeeee ee 66, 67 OMNIS 222.25) eeied Ao cet ecco 64, 66 AMUIGUA soosuddascedesesesecss 65, 69 arenicola -.....---....-------- 65, 67 Arizonica ..-......0. ..200. ee 65, 70 Berlandieri ........--........- 65, 67 Buckleyana ........--. theeee . 65, 69 Californica ..-............-.... 65, 69 capillaris ...... 2.222. ..2008 wees 65, 64 var. filipes........---26--- 66 trichopodes ........... 66 comata...... 0.0002 oe ee ee eee 65, 68 debilis .22- cc auleseiets ies eveis 65, 70 depauperata .......2....-....- 65 diffusa .-.2.. 0.202. 00 ee ee 65, 68 distichophylla..........2..-... 65, 66 dumosa ...... Gieeice ee cera are oe 65, 71 Emersleyi. ...... 2220-22 ce cone 65, 66 CXPANBG ~.cce cece ne wu enee cece en 66 JUDER 2 case cca etantesrecaeus 66 glomerata.........---. 0.200... 65, 63 var. brevifolia ..........2.- 69 FACeMOBA....---...02- 68 RIACUIS s Soh iced atweraasees 65, 67 var. breviaristats. .......- 67 gracillima....... 2... ...2.. ....65, 68 Lemmoni ..................--.65, 70 Huachucana ........ 2.20. eee 65, 69 Mexicana ..... 2... 0... .--000- 65, 69 monticola....................-65, 71 Neo-Mexicana. ..............-- 65,70 Parishii. .... 2.22.2 ccc c a coon ee 65,71 parviglumis. ..................65, 69 pauciflora........22. 22.2 eee ee 65, 70 PORAWIG ccsccircsdcsseidsc anes 57 | sa 31 17.40) ge 65, 71 PUUGONS sectes Feteteceeces ened 65, 69 Reverchoni ................... 64, 66 setifolia. .... 2.2 ee eee eee 65, 66 Schaffneri...... 2.200. ......... 71 var. longisota ...........-- 71 sobolifera ..........2... fate ed 65, 68 subalpina...... 00.2. eee wee 67 ‘sylvatica ....020 000.2. eee 65, 69 var. Californica .........2. 69 Texana............. eduebsuueios 65, 70 trichopodes .................... 66 virescens......................66, 67 Willdenovii INDEX. Page. Miilenbergia—Continned. Wrightii 2... lee eee wee 65, 68 Oplismenus ........2 000-00 een eee 3, 37 SObATIUS . ocean ee eee eee ee eee wee 37 OUV AW Season dws tee ceestecenche 4,41 BAlUIVA: ococee dc see 41 OPYZODSIN 2.2.22 eeeceeceseueeeusct 5, 55 asperifolia ... ce. ene eee eee es 55 CanadensSis...... 0... ..--00-00- 55 COMUGCO ccccee soc os ecw tee sas 54 OXI2NS occ ssseee ates eee 55 fimbriata ...2. 222.2202... e eee 56 meolanocarpa ....--2. .seee- eee 36 membranacea .......---.------ 56 micrantha ........2-....2000-- 56 Webberi .......2..2. een ee wee 9) Panicum ..--..--.--e00 seco ee eee e ee 3, 22 ANCEPB... 2... eee ee eee 23, 24, 28, var. angusta ....... ess 35 densiflorum ._......... 35 pubescens..........--- 35 strictum . 2.22. .-05-e-- 27 agrostoides ........---.--6 «++ 24, 35 A@MATUM 22. ook eee eee eee 24, 35 var. minor .............--- 36 angustifolium..........-..- 23, 29, 34 angustifolium ....-..---..-+65-- 34 autumnale ...... ae eer ee 24, 33 var. pubicloram..........- 34 GVENACEUM. .. 22. ceceee cece cess BO barbinode. .... 2.222. on wee e 83, 23 bulbosum .............-----6-- 24, 35 var. avenaceum .........-- 24 UNNOL ..2 08. wee ee eee 35 cespitosum .............------23, 27 capillare .. 0... ...2-. 2-22. ee 24, 33 var. campestre....... 33 fluxile......-.... 33 capillarioides .............---- 33 ceuchroides .........-.------08 39 Chapmani ............ .-.-.-- 22, 26 Ciliare 2... 020. cen cee ee eee 25 Ciliatissimum .............-.-- 23, 29 clandestinum ..............--- 24,32 Colonum ............--2+ ewes ee 24, 37 commutatum........-...-.---- 24, 32 war. minor ............---- 32 consanguineum.........--.---- 23, 31 COrrugalum .. 2.206 cee coe e coc eee 33 Crus-galli........ Sec eeeeeees 24, 37 var. hirsutum. ......-...-- 37 muticum......-....-- 37 Cortissii....... er eae 22, 25 XxI Page Panicum-—Continued. dichotomum ....-.....-. Senin 23, 30 var. barbulatum........... 30 divaricatum........... 30 elatum 2... 2-2... .006. 30 villosum .....-. ..---. 30 viride ........-....-.. 30 divaricatum....-......-.--..-. 24, 36 CUVETIEND 222 o5 ce bseeceeede eles 33 C18) CUA ao wtcecwseves suscsess 30 fasciculatum ......--.2 cece ene 23, 27 filiforme .....-..----..---- 00. 22, 25 fuscum ...---.---- ---- ence nee 97 var. fasciculatum ......... 28 MAJOL. 1... ---- 22 ee wees 28 geniculatum . 22.20.2202 ee eee 34 gibbum ........-------0+---2e- 24, 37 glabrum ....-....--- --0-+---- 22, 24 var. Mississipiensis.......- 25 grossarium.........-- oueumcee 23, 28 gymnocarpon ....-------+ eene- 23, 23 Palit ccaces-tseee ss ceevecssce 24, 33 Havardilsccsiecctownssseteves “2A hians - .. 2222 see oee ceowee eens es 2, 28 hirtellum ...ccescecsescesseeeee 37 IGNOratuM . ...2--seereeseeeeeee 20 JOOTIL 1.0 c0e ween ee cones ene eee 93,31 jumentorum ...-22---e200-- e222 24, 35 lachnanthum .......--2+----6 22, 25 latifolium. ...-......2-02---e0s 24, 33 var. anstralis...-...------- 33 . molle.....------ ----e- 33 laxiflorum ....-..-----------+ 23, 30 var. pubescens ...--. .----- 30 Ja@xumM ...--.-- ene coc eee cence 23, 28 leucophwum ...-...---++-----+ 22, 25 Liebergii ...-- pidedsesi cece ssce 31 MATIMUM .. eee ene e tecene ce ceee 24, 33 var. bulbosum ...---- --+-0 35 microcarpou ...---------+----+° 23, 32 miliaceum -...-.----- ---+ +++ 24, 34 molle ..-cecesccene ceeeee sere 22, 28 mulliflorUm .-----e-eer cere eee 32 Nealleyi...---- s-2-22 seer creer 33 NETVOBUM, .. 200 co nececencce cee 24, 32 neuranthum ...... .----- se 23, 31 var. ramosum ..--.---+++-+ 31 nitidum. ...-.. .----2 eee terre 23,49 var ciliatum .....--++--++- 30 ensifolium ...--.------ 30 Te) ee 30 minor. ...-------++ eee: 30 nudicaule...-.--s---0+ +--+ --- 223, 31 obtusum ..--6. --- ee eee teens 22, 26 INDEX. xIt Page Panicum—Continued. paspaloides .... ....-...-2.-..- 22, 25 pauciflorum.....-..------ 0-2-2 3l pedicellatum .........--...---. 23, 29 plantagineum...... wees sees 23, 27 platyphyllum ...-....-..-..--. 23, 27 proliferum -.......---.-------. 24,34 var. genichlatum........ i. 84 prostratum .... 2... 2.2. .---.6 23,27 ramulosum .....----..2-------- 30 POPCNS vdeo Sed cee dek tees 23, 28 var, confertum ............ 28 reticulatum. ....-....---...--. 22, 26 Reverchoni .......-...--. eens -22, 26 VUSUMN ccedecescenseesecteceeess 20 sanguinale ......-.-.. ..-..--. 22,25 var. ciliare ............--. 26 Simpsoni ..........-.. 25 scabriusculum .......2...-2--- 24, 33 scoparium .........-.-....---- 23, 31 var. angustifolinm ........ 31 major...---.......0--- 3 Liebergii --........... 31 serotinum. .......---.. weee eee 22, 23 BELOBUM . 0 2 oon coe wes wenn nn eon nee 30 sparsiflorum ...---....-. ...... 24, 34 sphwrocarpon ....... 2... .22.0. 23, 32 var. Floridanum 2.2.22... ay SLONONCS 187 Androsace ... 2... eee e ee nec e cece cone 168 ANEMONE ©... ee cece e cece wn ceeae 148 Antennaria ..... 22... occ cc cece cece eeccees 164 ADIOS: ood Sods. eeedice oxkatebeeaseds 156 Apocynnm....... 2. ee ecc eee ccnneeeecece 169 Arabis 2.000.200. ccc ceca cce cc cuccccccecce 150 ATgemone -. 22. owe ccc cece cece euscues 149 Aristida ..202 2. occ eee cece ene eee 187 Artemisia... 2.0.0.0. cece cece ececneee 166, 171 Arundo . 2.2... eee cen cece wees 189, 190, 192 Asclepias ............0.--- occ e ccc eccece 169 PRB COT eset ota Pi ee et clei 163, 164 Astragalus... . 2... o ccc cece ccc ee cence 154, 155 Atheropogon...... 2.0.00. ..00--0-e eee ceeece 190 A2OllD 2. ccc nce e cece nceceece 193 Bartonia . 2.00022... c ccc csc cecuccccceccnce 159 Batis ices oe ier ecee ec ono cec taco ede: 177 Batrachium ....... 022.0000. cccccecccceueeee 148 Batschia 2.2.2.0 2 oo cece cece ccccccccencceees 171 Beckmannia. ................0-cccceseeecece 186 Berula . 22... oon cece ce ccc ccw eee 160 Bidens .. 2... eee cence eee 166 Boehmeria .. 22.0020. o ooo ccecccccceccccecee 179 Botrychium. ...............0.0---cecceeeece 194 Bouteloua.................--.... ees ccce cee 190 Brachylobus ....... 20... ...00---0-ccccecece 149 Brachystemum...........-.....---cce-cceee 174 Bromus .....-............----- ee eee eee ee 192 Bulbilis...................................- 190 Cactus 2.22022... 160 Calamagroetis .......... ges daieegobaeveusas 189 Page. Calamovilfa os 3 scicdeecicd ec. ted eiaeedice 189 Campanula s.:...sccs12 secede ct eiieokiee: 168 Cantua cote. oss ohececuteer st cuetiege erat 170 Cardamine 323sonc22ce5 ecb sese ett eesoccdaet 149 Carduus: 2.025.925.0824 ele dieee tees y 167 CATOR ego ae css seek ese eeee 184, 185 Castilleja ccc. seeses ste eecewesedues Joscek 173 Catabrosa:c2icc0e ve cce is titelendccee eo. sei 190 Caulinia:::2 sched. descsce eee idee cote 183 Ceanothus’ s. s255 2252403. Seer dooce senctse ce 152 Celastriis ii .05 oi ses seats assed eset 152 Cenchrus 3 f220 2 feeeecsertebieiues ce esas 186 Cerasus:cc. cocscet oiasee Coie ose eee ne 156 Ceratophyllum.........-..--.---eeeeseeee eee 180 Chammraphis.........-......-20-eeees cence 186 Chenopodium .............. 605. cece eee eee 171, 176 Chloris sc. 2s03:024 Moers J ieecetsee ches sae caee 190 Chrysocoma. .......-..-2 6.2000 cece eee e eee 162 Chrysopeis...¢.... 0.000 cceeee cece ee cceeee 161 Cicnta:<2ct este scscsece ess eeessceteseusee ee 160 Cire a cies en ce eel cai eee eee ces 159 CirsliM i202 eis ep ed cece cet eie ceed acess 167 Clematis .........--0 22 --e cece ee ence eee eee 148 Cleome....-. 2.2.22 eee eee e cece ence cc eeee 10 Crnicus ......-0 2-200 eee cece ene e eee ence eee 167 Collomia .....-.----2--++seeece cence ences 170 Comandra.......-.--- ceneee cence cence ee cees 178 | Commelina .....-....22-0- 2 eee een ences . 181 Convallaria ......---------2 ee ence eee eee 180, 181 Coreopsis ...... 2-2-2 eee ee cee e nee eee eees 166 Corispermum......-..---- 6-2 eee eee eee 171,176 Cornucopi®......---2-0- --- ee eee eee eee eee ee 189 COTNUS - so2nh des See ne site oo ie2 Hares eee sks 160 Crataegus .....------- eee ee eee ener reece eee 158 Cristatella .........-----2-000 ee eee eee eee 150 Croton ....-- 0-02-02 ee eee reece eee renee: 178 Cry pais 2.22.0... ce cece ee ce ee eee ner ewer ee 190 Cryptanthe .......--- +022 cece cece cere eee 170 Cuncuta.....e- cee cence cece cece eee ceeee 171 Cycloloma ....... 2-202 seen eee ete eee e nee 171, 176 Cynoglossum .......--..---++sseseee ceeeee 170 Cyperns ..-.--....--- eee eee eee eee eee ». 183, 184 Cyrtorrhyncha...-......----eeeee cere ee ee ee 148 Cystopteris .......--.-0--e scene eee ee eee ees 194 Dactylig 2.20.22... -ceee ee nee c cece eee eeees 186 Dalea ..- 2.6... eee cece ce ccc ec cece ee ence cece 153 Datura. ... 2.2... e ee cece ee cee eee eee ce cc eene 172 Delphinium......-.-..-0-----eeseeeeeee eens 149 Dieteria.... 22.2... cee ween een eee ee cc eecce 164 Diplopappus........-----seeeee cere ee eeee w =. 164 Distichlig .....0..-- 2-220 ween eee c eee r en nee 192 Donia... 22. cecnne cece nc ceeeeeeenee eee nese 161 150 Drabai.cccccccccccncnccsccceveccces eseccee= 201 Dryopteris...... 00-220 eee ene eee nee .- 494 Hatori ds occoss edie ste eeeee eth cases caves ve 190 Echinospermum ........-20eecsecncncneeces 170 Eleocharis «2.022 ccecscseacesssawscades ues 184 BlOMO8 ooo 252 foesssccreee ele siccscsietesulae 151 BIYMUS 5.0 censcsdecsistiecwsescecessvcdses 193 Epilobium -..............0- cc ccecuesweecnce 158 Equisetum. ...... 2.20.0. e cee een een eee ene 194 Eragrostis ....... 22-222 2-0 ee ecce cece enn eus 191 Erigeron............ CWises teosecseweceusicdex 164 Eriocarpum..............0-000000- ree 162 Eriogonum.........00.---c0seecccweceneenee 177 Eriophorum......-....0..cccecceeeeeceneeee 184 Eritrichinum. ........2.....02-0ceecececceees 170 Erysimum ........2.00- 00-2 -- cece cence ence 150 Eupatorium.... 2.02... csccceceeeenececeees 161 . Euphorbia ..........222 2-2-2 eeecneeceess 178, 179 Buthamia co. 00. vocn ctineci esc cdec eae ee. 162 Fagopyrum ......-....0-0c00- cece eens wanes. 178 Paleata oees sicess.cdecnse cs ceed otaecenscae 156 Mestucas cc secis thew aclevicstudes caine. 190, 192 Fimbristilis................ Gacecehweseasnse 184 Fragaria .............04 ee en 157 Praxinue 22022006222 e020 Wecaceeseaveasd 168. 169 Froblichia .2 20222528502 seiceeeteelcceeks 175 GalinM 22.20. tiett i cedsieis te et cc es 160, 161 Gaura..-......... Si cee neat eeereScescten < 159 Gontiana....... 2.20... ee eee e a ewee ences 170 Gerardia + < i02222 sh. sch 2ee se tebsete eck 173 Geum 2 o0i5 coe cocci i ceek ede sas lee 157 GUNG 2 65h Sans css l oS paces teens See Soc de en 170 GUY CNG oso. atcak Sead ei dente ewes s 156 Glycyrrhiza..............0c20-ccceccenseeee 155 Gnaphalium ........2. 2.0000. 0 sce c essences 164 Graphephorum ..........-......00.0-seeees 192 Grindelia ..........0 2.2.02 cece ccc c eee eeees 161 Gyrostachys ..........2..02.. cece eee eeee eee 180 Habenaria ................ ae ee eee 180 Hedeoma ..... 220.00. .ccccceceenceceseneces 174 B30) ee 152 Hedysarum ............2.2220--.000- eke 155 Helenium.... 20.00.2200 ..0 cee cece ecw ees eee 166 Helianthus..... 2.222.222.2200 cence cee 165, 166, 171 Hendecandra ................0-0e0ceeeee nee 179 Hippuris...... 0.0.00. 2- 2... ccceeee cee eecenee 158 Homalocenchrus ......-......2.0220--ce000. 186 Hordeum .......2... cence ccc ecee eee eeeneee 193 Humulos .... 2.0.0... cence eceeee cee ccnnece 179 Hymenopappus..-............0.0 222 eee cue. 166 Hypericum ..... 2... ......00cceecee ce cee aes 151 Impations..........02.2-.ccccee cece ee nen eee 151 Tpomoa ...............25 eee ceatensee ves 170,171 IVA: ccee8 Wem eet ween eec eae nneseccseuene 164 JUNCUS... 2.2... ce eee eee scneccceeeee. 181 TUMIPCrUs .... 2.2.2 eee eee ee eee en een cecnne 193 Kochi. oo502osscascadeeescetssieedeeocices - 176 Koleria...........0...... obec sn ectcce le eses 190 WOON os sees te cease camensactedoves 174 Robinia. 2 sececness cee cicsesieccdetcccaccs 161 Kuhnistera .......-.......00000.00005 153, 154, 155 Krynitzkia........... cece eee cee ccc ecen cee 170 Lacinaria ......... Cmtsced tases Se decaee dws - 161 ee 168 TDD WU sisi coco sewttiowedersale Sayward 170 Lathyrus.....2 2.0... .....ccccececcencne ease 156 Lemna ...... sein sais Sache sujcecnncseecaceees 182 Depach ya crite iG ese oot ee inn tee ce te 165 Lepidinm: :2s..s6sc secs pence ndeee se eseevecs 150 Leptochloa..... n-ne seen nncncennanecccccces 190 Lepborchis sossesc cess ees scsi loess eeteedass 180 LOPtOrus:scaccseees cerita sels eeetieces5s 189 LOSPOdeZ8 ois esideest eee ccoe ene see otescds 156 Lesquerella:. ci scs0sc0ee2ees otcescseccbens os 150 TA RGTIS soo asses Se cecedw wal ce ceoteceeestceeey 161 Linum .........-.. eee ts 6 sae clas ahve ce 151 Lipariss ose este cseecee ses sbesccccesecsdenes 180 Lithospermum ......2....0.-22eeeeesceeeee- 171 DLobelia cs xiicccces echecs sce dccdiscecusdt ck 168 WpOt0S soc 6 ssc csecccecstce dens dic cosas cess 153, 171 Lychnis.....-..s-.06 sonvGcweadpeetechecaca7 150 LY COPUS coos siete cee lees c wes ins coset eee 174 Lygodesmla.... ce... cnnccunncecnneccncrnes 167 Lysimachia ............0.005 Pogecend osesees 168 Lythrom 2 esc cscs occ eeseeees cceeea ceases ye 158 Macrocalyx.......... Shee eematac vee et eraes 170 Malva..........2204 Seedeteudiecsesheate-ses 151 Malvastraum..--..c..0. se ccncnc cee ence seee 151 MGIC 0 secede iesel ee eceeditsesseces ese 153 MGibomia 22505 here eee ieee ed eee ve 155 Melilotna .......0. 00 - eee cece ew ee neces 153 Mentha isos sewccscesiccs tek ctw sedcacscs 114 Mentzelia . 22.0.2. .c ene nec ee eee ee 159 Mimuluse 2c cc ccce cece ees ctisdedeed focite eee 173 Mongo s. 2 2c5.ccedesecenccedecadi donee steee 151 Monarda......---..2266 a eee eRe ae 174 Muhlenbergia.............-2--2-0eeee ee eee 188 Munroa ........-..0.00.- becnese tau ces ss 190 Myagrom .... 22.22.02 22.020e cece cee ec een eee 150 My 0s0tis 227. coves aev esd ove case lous ote sees 170 Myriophyllum ...... 002202. e eee eee eee ee eee 158 Neaiag oes sei ee iso ves e dewtaeeete - 183 Nasturtium .......2.000.cee een ec ese en eeeees 149 Naumburgia ...........0..20-0eeeeeeeneeeee 168 Navarettia..........2---e--e seen ee ee eeeeeee 170 Nothocalais .............0-.0 cece wee ee ence ee 168 Nymphma.........2....ceeeeceeeeee ne enere 149 C@nothera. .-.. 2-0... econ ewe e ee eee eee cee ee 159 QUOC. cccnsseceecccscacctecsdcceteceveres 194 Onosmodium...........-----eeeeeeeee eee’ 171 Ophry6...-...0c.ee eee ee ence cece nee n er erees 7) Oplotheca .......0 2.0020 eee ween eee eens 175 Opuntia... cc. ccccceecesccecncewececeerer et ae Oreocarya... 2.0.2... cece eeeeeee eee eeece eee’ 170 Orobanche ..........-- ene cence ere eer eeee’ - Oryzopsis 2.2.02... cc ceceeen eee e eee eeeretees Osmunda.. 2.022 e wee eee ene eee eee ne? Oxalis..... bothand ity eho guetes nee k eedemees 151 : 155 Oxytropia.... 2.2... e eee eee e newer ee ee eee i Panicularia . 2.2... ccc eee e eee eee en eeeee Panicum ..........cscceccccesccceccerents 186, 187 Parietaria. 2.0.0... 2k ce eee ewer eee rnnen? al Parthenocissus ...........0------eceeeere ne ‘e Paspalum ...........-- 22sec eee eee ereeeee 168 Poentagonia ..........2..-s. nee eee ee rrernt’ 172, 173 Pentstemon...........--.eeeneee eer eceeet 155 Petalostemon ...........----eeeeee0* 153, 154, a Phalarie svacscccccssdccessssces eeweeneeee 186, 156 Phaseolus........0.0.02-seeee een aeeeereee 190 Phragmites ........-....-020-0-eeeeer ee oooe 173 Phryms..........-.c0see conn sneer en eenee? ° 173 Physalis .........csssecccccsesecereseeses IT Plantago....... whee neem amen seenmee en ccn nae 174 POW ser etaouthasiwiecseceeacsdcomaaees 191, 192 Poly gala ....-.-----+enevees theese neesecnee 151 Polygonatum .......... edeewiiesded end 180, 181 Poly fonOM 220255 ct ccc nwiscee ress sses 171, 177, 178 Polyotua oscs2 ccs cssede sees oan ecedsieseie vss 169 Polypodium:..200:c2sssc.e sets ccc lei eece ss 194 Populus....--- cee eee wcrc enc eececescnnescecs 180 Portulaca. cccuscecsseees cc cdescs eiecces css 151 Potamogeton. ..-..-.-.--0 wee neeseee cee 182, 183 Potentilas ccccen cess ses sueivesceeutows ces 157 PYenanthes sco. soceteosccelee cee enhadcncece 167 Prunella: csccc sess ccs ssc cscs e cess cies e 174 PPUMUG oo. o5 ose cc soso sebeceeee coese tendo 156 PROPRIOR .siceee seen eee estes ee eeee 153, 155, 171 Ranunculus.........0 22 cence eee w cen cewene 148, 149 Raphanus. ....--. 2-2-0 eee ence ence eee ce ene 150 Redfieldia.....-..--..--- Mosicenocessieutewse 192 RUUS*os2secwasceccecerec uence cesces eens cee 152 RiDGA» Cicuta virosa maculata (L.) Coult. & Rose, Rev. Umbel. 130 (1888); Cteuta mac- ulata L. Sp. PL. i, 256 (1753). Wet meadows, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County , July 21 (No. 686). Carum gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. vn, 344 (1868); Atfenia gairdnerit Hook. & Arn, Bot. Beech, 349 (1840). Copses, south end of Lake Pend Oreille; August 4 (No. 823), Sium cicutzfolium Gmelin, Syst. ii, 82. (1791). A pre-Linniean species. Moist places, valley of Mud Lake, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 733). Osmorhiza nuda Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 93 (1857). Rich, moist soil, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perees County; May 14 (No. 168). Moist places at 2,600 meters altitude, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County ; August 6 (No, 845). Osmorhiza occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. Bot, Mex. Bound. 71 (1859); Glycosma_ occi- dentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 689 (1810), Frequent in wet places, Clearwater River, at mouth of Big Potlatch, Nez Perces County; May 3 (No. 108). Ligusticum scopulorum Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. vii, 847 (1868). {n rich canyons, Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d'Alene; July 2 (No. 535). Angelica dawsonii Wats. Proc, Amer, Acad. xx, 369 (1885). Along creeks in the valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 10 (No. 889). Angelica lyallii Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. xvii, 374 (1882). Canyons at Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d'Alene; July 6 (No, 565). Fre- quent in wet places, valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June i4 (No. 393). Peucedanum ambiguum Nutt.; Torr & Gr, FL. i, 626 (1840); Hulophus ambiguus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 27 (1854). Rocky banks of streams, valley of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County; May 4 (No. 125). Gravelly banks of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 16 (No. 659). Peucedanum bicolor Wats. Bot. King Surv. 129 (1871). Slopes of Wiessner’s Peak, on the St. Joseph River, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 596). 1'The Umbellifere were determined by Mr. J. N. Rose, assistant botanist, Depart- ment of Agriculture. 228 Peucedanum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. xii, 78 (1888). Northern slopes, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 10 (No. 150), Peucedanum circumdatum Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. xxi, 474 (1887). On basaltic rocks, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 24- (No. 21). Peucedanum geyeri Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 293 (1879). Basaltic rocks on Hatwai Creek and south side of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County ; April 30 (No. 82), Peucedanum grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. xiii, 209 (1888); 2. millefolium Wats. Bot. King Surv. 129 (1871), not Sonder., Hillsides, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 24 (No. 22). Also vicinity of Lake Waha and on Clearwater River near mouth of Big Pot- latch, Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. FI. i, 627 (1840), Frequent on hillsides, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 26 (No. 52). Peucedanum salmoniflorum Coult. & Rose, sp. nov, Short-caulescent or sometimes tall, 30 to 45 em. high, bearing 3 or 4 leaves, glabrous throughout: leaves large, ternately compound, finely dissected; ulti mate segments short, filiform; involucre none; bracts of the involucels few, filiform; rays of the umbel few (4 to 10), somewhat unequal, 2.5 to 5 em. long; pedicels 8 to 12 mm, long; fruit oblong, 101mm. long, glabrous; sarpel stronely flattened dorsally, with a broad layer of corky cells on the ventral face; dorsal and intermediate ribs low and obtuse; lateral wings narrow, thick, and corky ; oil tubes solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commisural side; seed strongly tlat- tened, somewhat constricted near the middle, not grooved under the oil tubes; stylopodium none; flowers salmon-colored. A species with much the habit and foliage and with the lateral wings of Lep- lotania, but dittering in having oil tubes and distinet dorsal and intermediate ribs. On basaltic rocks, near Upper lerry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 24 (No. 24). Rocky hillsides, island in Clearwater River, same vicinity; May 2 (No. 94). Peucedanum triternatum robustius Coult. & Rose; P. triternatum macrocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. Umbel. 70 (1888), not P. macrocarpum Nutt. Basaltie rocks, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 24 (No. 28), Heracleum lanatum Mx. FI. i, 166 (1803). Frequent along streams, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 252). Leptotenia dissecta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. F), i, 680 (1840), Hillsides, Craig Mountains, near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 21 (No. 227). Leptotenia multifida Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 630 (1840), Frequent on rich hillsides, Upper Ferry, above Lewiston, Nez Perces County ; May 2 (No. 103). Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 348 (1840). Rocky creek bottoms on Little Potlateh River, Nez Perces County; June 7 (No. 328), 229 ARALIACES. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. i, 274 (1753). Woods, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 28 (No. 772) Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch, Rev. Hort, 1854, 105 (1854); Panax horridum, Smith in Rees’s Cyel. xxvi, no. 10 (1819); Fatsia horrida Benth, & Hook. Gen. Pl. i, 939 (1867). Springy places, Lake View, Kootenai County ; August 7 (No. 867). A large tree. CORNACES. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 118 (1753). Woods at 1,000 meters altitude, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 463). Common along creeks, near Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; Cornus stolonifera Mx. FI. i, 92 (1803). May 9 (No. 143). CAPRIFOLIACES. Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. ui, 15 (1841). Frequent along creeks, near Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 31 (No. 283). Woods, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 1 (No. 818), (1883). FO9). Sambucus melanocarpa Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xix, 76 inks, Lapwai Agency, Nez Perces County 3 May 5 (No. Moist Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai Oceasional on river bz 128). Canyons, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 23 (No. places on grassy slopes at 2.550 meters altitude, i, 285 (1854). County; August 6 (No, 857). Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. Frequent in copses, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 30 Rocky hillsides on the Little Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; Copses, south end of Lake Pend (Oreille; August 24 (No. 952). (No. 270). June 6 (No. 335). Linnza borealis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 631 (1755). (1817); Caprifolium ciliosum Pursh, FL. i, Common in woods, Bald Knob Cedar Mountain, Latah County ; June 20 ’ , ? Latah (No. 441). Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. Encyel. v, 612 Common on hillsides and in copses, valley of Little Potlatch River, 2, 6 (1825); 160 (1814). County; June 13 (No. 390). Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks; Richards. Bot. App. ed. losteum involucratum Richards. Bot. App. ed. 2, 6 (1823). iessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 28 Xy Bank of St. Joseph River at W (No, 597). Lonicera utahensis Wats. Bot. King Surv. 133 (1871). Woods, Craig Mountains near Waha, Nez Perces County; May 21 (No. 221); May 23 (No. 286). North slope, near summit of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8(No. 590). Also on Clearwater River near mouth of Big Potlatch, near Viola, Latah County, and near sonth end of Lake Pend d’Oreille. RUBIACES. Galium aparine L. Sp. Pl. i, 108 (1753). Common on rocks and in copses, island in Clearwater River, near Upper Ferry, above Lewiston; April 30 (No. 83), Galium boreale L. Sp. Pl. i, 108 (1753). Frequent in low grounds, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No, 322). 230 Galium trifidum L. Sp. PI. i, 105 (1753). Common in wet places, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 17 (No. 416). Woods on the St. Joseph River, at 1,800 meters altitude, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 600). Galium triflorum Mx. Il. i, 80 (1803). Wet woods, Pine Creek, 4 miles east of Farmington, Latah County; June 29 (No. 525). VALERIANACEA, Valeriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. ii, 48 (1841). Grassy slopes, Craig Mountains, near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No, 240). Also valley of Little Potlatch River, Valeriana sylvatica Banks; Richards. Bot. App. 780 (1823), At 1,500 meters altitude, sides of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 587). Valerianella congesta Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1095 (1827); Plectritis congesta DC. Prodr. iv, 631 (18380). Common in shady places, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 26 (No. 55). . Valerianella olitoria Poll. Hist. Pl. Palat. i, 30 (1776). Grassy meadows, Lewiston, valley of Clearwater River: May 13 (No. 157). COMPOSITS&. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Hook. ) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3828 (1891)3 Mupatorium grandiflorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 26 (1834); Brickellia grandifiora Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. . ser. vii, 287 (1841). On precipitous ledges of granite, near south end of Lake Pend d'Oreille; July 27 (No. 749). Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 328 (1891); Brickellia oblongifolia Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. Vii, 288 (1841). In sandy soil, Spokane Bridge, 18 miles east of Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 911). Lacinaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i, 319 (IS91); Liatris punctata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 306 (1834). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; Sept. 6 (No. 1020). Gutierrezia euthamiz (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. FI. ii, 193 (1842); Brachyris euthamie Nutt. Gen. ii, 163 (1818). Sandy soil, Bonner Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No. 993). Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No. 993). Grindelia nana Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 314 (1841). Sandy soil, near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 784). Near Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No, 1836). Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, Mem. Mus. H. N. Par. v. 50, lide DC. Prodr, v, 315 (1836); Donia squarrosa Pursh, F1. ii, 559 (1814), Sandy soil near Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 31 (No. 991). Chrysopsis villosa hispida (Hook.) Gray, Syn. Fl. i, pt. ii, 128 (1884); Diplopappus hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 22 (1834. ) Common on sandy soil, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 31 (No. 280). Sandy plains, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 17 (No. 664). On precipitous ledges of granite, near south end of Lake Pend @Oreille; July 27 (No. 752). 231 Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook., Fl. Bor, Amer, i, 306, t. 107 (1834); Aplopappus carthamoides Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila, xv, 65 (1863). Sandy places, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 785). Eriocarpum spinulosum (Pursh) Greene, krythea, 11, 108 (1894); Amellus spinulosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 564 (1814); Aplopappus (2?) spinulosus, DC. Prodr. v, 347 (1836). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 5 (No. 1000). Bigelovia douglasii Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. vin, 645 (1873), Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No, 994). Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. viii, 644 (1873); Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt, Gen. 11, 186 (1818). On buttes, Colvate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1007). Bigelovia graveolens albicaulis Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. vili, 645 (1873). Sandy soil, Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 31 (No. 992), Bigelovia graveolens glabrata Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad, vill, 645 (1873). Sandy plains, near Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 913). Solidago elongata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser, vil, 828 (1841). Grassy slopes at 1,200 meters altitude, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 20 (No. 671). Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ, Acad, Phila. vii, 32 (1834). Woods at Farmington Landing, Lake Cavur d’Alene; July 11 (No. 614). Solidago occidentalis Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. FI. 11, 226 (1842). River banks, Spokane Bridge, 18 miles east of Spokane, Washington; August 16 (No. 909), Solidago radula Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. vii, 102 (1834). Bad Lands at Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No. 995). Plains, near the same place, September 5 (No. 100i). Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 211 (1789). Shores of Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (Nos, 728, 730). Aster adscendens Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 8 (1834). Marshes, near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 804). Meadows near Hope, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 25 (No, 957). Aster canescens Pursh, Fl. il, 547 (1814). On basaltic rocks, Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 912). Plains, Col- gate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana, September 5 (No. 1004). Aster incanopilosus (Lindl.) Sheldon, Bull. Torr, Club, xx, 286 (1893); A, ramu- losus incanopilosus Lindl.; DC. Prodr. v, 243 (1836); A. multiflorus commutatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 125 (1841); Aster commutatus Gray, Syn. Fl. i, pt. ii, 185 (1884). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 5 (No. 998). Same locality; September 6 (No, 1021). Aster conspicuus Lindl.; Hook. FI. Bor. Amer, ii, 7 (1840); Aster macdougali Coult. & Fish. Bot. Gaz. xviii, 301 (1893). Woods, near Farmington Landing, Lake Cccur WAlene; July 9 (No. 550). Aster engelmanni (Eaton) Gray, Bot. King Surv. 144 (1871); 4. elegans engelmanni Eaton, Bot, King Surv, loc. cit. Grassy slopes near summit of Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 5 (No, 839). Aster foliaceus Lindl.; DC. Prodr. v, 228 (1836). Woods near Farmington Landing, Lake Cur d’Alene; July 12 (No. 625), 2580—No. 4 3 232 Aster fremonti (Torr, & Gr.) Gray, Syn. Fl. i, pt. ii, 191 (1888); A. adscendens Sremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 503 (1848), Alluvial soil, Lake View, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 868). Mountain meadows, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 9 (No. 877). River banks, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No. 980). Aster levis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 876 (1753). Moist copses, near Hope, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 25 (No. 953). ; Aster modestus Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 8 (1834). Along creeks, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 28 (No. 764). Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 203 (1789). Dry soil near Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 917). Aster sibiricus L, Sp. Pl. ii, 872 (1753). On precipitous ledges of granite, subalpine, near south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 759). Aster stenomeres (ray, Proc, Amer, Acad. xvii, 209 (1882). Grassy mountain slopes at 1,200 meters altitude, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 20 (No. 672). Aster tanacetifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iv, 95 (1820). Plains at Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1017). Erigeron acris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 863 (1753), Sandy soil, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No, 705). Brigeron acris debilis Gray, Syn. Fl. i, pt. 11, 220 (1884), Crevices of rocks, summit of Packsaddle Peak, 2,600 meters altitude, Kootenat County; August 5 (No. 847). Ligules very fine and slender. Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 863 (1753). Waste piaces near Rathdrum, Kootenai County, July 25 (No. 731), Erigeron compositus pinnatisectus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xvi, 90 (1880). Gravelly banks, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston, April 26 (No, 48). Also near mouth of Big Potlatch River. Erigeron concinnus (Hook. & Arn.) Gray, Syn. FL. i, pt. in, 210 (1888); Distasis? concinna Hook. & Arn, Bot. Beech. 350 (1841), Frequent in sandy soil, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; June 2 (No. 294). Sandy plains, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 17 (No. 665). Erigeron corymbosus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vii, 308 (1841). Sandy soil at Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene; July 12 (No. 628). Brigeron divergens ‘lorr. & Gr, FL. ii, 175 (1841), Sandy soil, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No. 979), Erigeron filifolius Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vit, 328 (1841). Sandy plains, near Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 915). Erigeron macranthus Nutt, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 310 (1841). Frequent in sandy soil, Julietta, Latah County, June 8 (No, 338). Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S P. Cat. Pl. N. Y. (1888); Doronicum ramosum Walt. KF]. Car. 205 (1788). Shores, Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene; July 5 (No. 557), Erigeron ramosus beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) Smith & Pound, Rep. Bot. Surv. Neb. li, 11 (1893); Stenactis beyrichii Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. v, 27 (1888). Sandy soil near Thompson Falls, Montana; August 27 (No, 976). Brigeron speciosus DC. Prodr. v, 284 (1836). Waste places, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County ; July 21 (No. 681). 2393 Antennaria carpathica pulcherrima Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 329 (1834). Rocky Inllsides, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, May 17 (No 181). Antennaria dioica (L.) Giertn. Fruct. 1, 410, t. 167 f. 3 (1791); Gnaphalium dioicum L. Sp. PI. ii, 850 (1753). Frequent in dry soil, valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 13 (No. 3&9). Antennaria geyeri Gray, Pl. Fendl. 107 (1549), Sandy plains near Spokane, Washington, August 17 (No. 916). Antennaria luzuloides Torr. & Gr. Fl. 11, 430 (1813), Sandy low grounds, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 4 (No. 313). Also valley and head of Little Potlatch River, Latal County. Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. Bot. App. ed. 2, 30 (1823); Gnaphaliuom plantaginifolium L, Sp. PI. it, 850 (1753). Hillsides, Craig Mountains, near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 999). Dry soil, Julietta, Latah County; June & (No, 339), Also valley and head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County. Antennaria racemosa Hook. F1. Bor. Amer, i, 330 (1854). Frequent in shady woods, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No. 422). Antennaria margaritacea (L..) Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1, 529 (1834); Gnaphalium mar- garitaceum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 850 (17538). Frequent in sandy soil at 1,150 meters altitude, Baid knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 46%). Gnaphalium decurrens Ives, Amer. Journ, Sci. i, 380 (1819). Sandy soil, valley of Cur d’Alene River, Kootenai County ; July 12 (No. 635). Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Trans, Amer, Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii, 404 (1841). Sandy soil, Lake View, Kootenai County ; August 7 (No. 872). Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Trans, Amer. Phil. Soe. n. ser. vil, 404 (1841). Frequent in moist places, valley of Little Potlatch River,-Nez Perces County ; June 7 (No. 329). Sandy soil, valley of Cwur d’Alene River, Kootenai County ; July 13 (No. 647). Gnaphalium sprengelii Hook, & Arn. Bot, Beech. 150 (1841). Waste places, Granite Station, Kootenai County ; July 29 (No. 783). Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Bot. Mise. i, 19, t. 15 (1830). Frequent in woods, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 443), Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. ii, 745 (1814). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (1015). Iva xanthifolia Nutt. Gen. 11, 185 (1818). Waste grounds near Spokane, Washington ; August 17 (No. 919). Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. v, 526 (1836). Near Hope, north end of Lake Pend d@’Oreille ; August 26 (No. 1031). Geertneria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 332 (1894); Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer. 1, 309 (1834); Franseria hookeriana Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vil, 345 (1841). Sandy soil at Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No. 1006). . Xanthium canadense Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8, no. 2 (1768). Sandy banks, Spokane Bridge, 18 miles east of Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 910). Rudbeckia laciniata L. Sp. Pl. ii, 906 (1753). Copses on Hellgate River, Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 31 (No. 990). 234 Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 355 (1841). Moist places near south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 28 (No. 768). Balsamorhiza hookeri Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vii, 349 (1841). Hillsides, Craig Mountains at Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 248). Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 349 (1841); Buphthalmum sagittatum Pursh, Fl. ii, 564 (1814). Common on hills, on Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 32). Wryethia amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 349 (1841); Fapele- tia amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vil, 38 (1834). Frequent on hillsides, Craig Mountains at Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 25 (No, 247). Helianthuus annuus L. Sp. Pl. 1i, 904 (1753). Waste places at Mud Lake, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 726). Helianthus douglasii Torr. & Gr. FI. ii, 332 (1842). Frequent on sandy soil, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 321). Coreopsis atkinsoniana Doug].; Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1876 (1830). On shores near Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d’Alene; July 11 (No. 617). Bidens frondosa L. Sp. PI. il, 882 (1753), Wet places near Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 914), Blepharipappus scaber Hook. I'l. Bor. Amer. i, 316 (1834), On basaltic rocks, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; April 23 (No.6). Also valley of Lake Waha, and Clearwater River near mouth of Big Potlatch. Madia filipes Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. viii, 391 (1872); Harpwcarpus madarioides Nutt. Trans, Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser, vii (1841). Dry hillsides, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 20 (No. 447). Sandy soil near Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene; July 4 (No. 549). Madia glomerata Hook. FI. Bor. Amer. ii, 24 (1834). Sandy soil, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 696). Madia sativa Molina; Don, bot. Reg. xvii, t. 1458 (1831). Frequent on rocky grounds, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 30 (No. 276). Madia sativa racemosa (Nutt.) Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 8359 (1876); Madorella racemosa Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 588 (1841). Sandy soil, valley of Caur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 13 (No. 640). Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vil, 390 (1841). Frequent on dry soil, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 17 (No. 193). Gravelly soil, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 16 (No. 654). Cheenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 354 (1840-41); Hymeno- pappus douglasii Hook. F1. Bor, Amer. i, 316 (1834). Gravelly soil, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 16 (No. 653). Eriophyllum cespitosum Lindl. Bot. Rew. xiv, t. 1167 (1828). On rocks, Upper Ferry, Clearwifter River, above Lewiston; May 16 (No. 180). Rigiopappus leptocladus Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. vi, 548 (1865). Rocky hillsides, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 30 (No, 278). Dysodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchcock, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v, 503 (1891); Tugetes papposa Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 86 (1800); Barbera chrysanthemoides Willd. Sp. P1. iii, 2125 (1804); Dysodia chrysanthemoides Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 29 (1816). 235 Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 5 (No. 1005). Helenium autumnale L. Sp. Pl. ii, 886 (1753). River banks, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1022). Gaillardia aristata Pursh, FI. ii, 573 (1814). Common in sandy soil, Upper Ferry, Ciearwater River, above Lewiston; May 30 (No. 273). Gaillardia pulchella Foug. Mem. Acad. Sci. Par. 1786, 5 (1788). , Three miles south of Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No. 497). Achillea millefolium L. Sp. Pl. ii, 899 (1753). Common on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 9 (No. 147). Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 341 (1894); Arte- misia matricarioides Less, Linniea, vi, 210 (1831); Matricaria discoidea DC. Prodr. vi, 50 (18387). Frequent in moist places, Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 9 (No. 149). Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, FI]. ii, 742 (1814). River banks near Spokane, Washington; August 16 (No, 908), Sandy soil, Thompson ¥alls, Montana; August 27 (No. 975). Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pl. iii, 1888 (1804), Sandy soil, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No. 981). Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Gen. ii, 145 (1818), Shores at Farmington Landing, lake Cur d’Alene; July 6 (No, 569). On pre- cipitous ledges of granite, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No, 754). Rocks on lake shore, same locality; August 1 (No. 822), Sandy soil at Spokane, Washington; August 16 (No. 902). Artemisia longifolia Nutt, Gen, ii, 142 (1818). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (Nos. 1011, 1014). Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. vii, 398 (1841). Sandy soil at Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No, 984). Plains, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1010). Tussilago sagittata Pursh, Fl. ii, 531 (1814); Nardosmia sagittata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1, 307 (1834); Petasites sagittata Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 407 (1876). Marshes, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No, 805). Arnica alpina Olin, Mon. Arn. Upsala (1799). Frequent on hillsides, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 244). Rocky soil along Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 325). Arnica cordifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 331 (1833). Frequent in woods and canyons, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 197). Arnica latifolia Bong. Veg. Sitch. 147 (1833), On precipitous ledges of granite, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 753). Senecio aureus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 870 (1753). A large form, Meadows at Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 803). Senecio canus Hook. F1. Bor. Amer. i, 333, t. 116 (1834), Sandy plains, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 18 (No. 668), 16 236 Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe, vii, 411 (1841). Moist river banks, Spokane, Washington; August 18 (No, 924), Wet shores, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille, Kootenai County; August 20 (No, 938). Senecio lugens Richards. Bot. App. ed. 2, 31 (1823), Frequent in wet places, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 363). Slopes on Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July & (No. 609), Senecio lugens exaltatus (Nutt.) Gray, Bot. Cal. 1, (1876); S. exaliatus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 410 (1841). Rocky slopes, mouth of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; May 3 (No. 109). Also vicinity of Lake Waha. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 332 (1834), - Valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 10 (No. 890). Senecio triangularis Hook. FI. Bor. Amer. 1, 352, t. 115 (1854). Along streams, valley of Pine Creek, Farmington, Latah County; June 29 (No. 524). Senecio vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 867 (1753). Frequent in moist places, Julietta, Latah County; June & (No. 343), Tetradymia canescens DC. Prodr. vi, 440 (1837). Dry hillsides, Spokane, Washington; August 19 (No. 930). Carduus drummondii (Torr. & Gr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 142 (1893); Cirsium drummondii Torr. & Gr, FJ. 11, 459 (1843). Meadows, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No. 395). Carduus foliosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 303 (1833); Cniceus foliosus Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. x, 40 (1874). Woods near Granite Station, at the south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 773). Carduus remotifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 302 (1834); Cnicus remotifolius Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xix, 56 (1883). Sparingly in meadows at Viola, Latah County; June 25 (No. 489), Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. ii, 130 (1818); Cnicus undulatus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. x, 42 (1874). Sandy soil at the north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 25 (No. 964). Carduus undulatus megacephalus (Gray) Greene, Proc. Acad, Phila, 1892, 360 (1893); Cnricus undulatus megacephalus Gray, Proc, Amer, Acad. x, 42 (1874). Frequent on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 30 (No, 272). Saussurea americana Eaton, Bot. Gaz. vi, 283 (1881). Mountain meadows, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 9 (No. 879). Centaurea cyanus L. Sp. PI. ii, 911 (1758). Hillsides, Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No. 495). Microseris linearifolia (DC.) Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 1x, 211 (1874); Calais lineari- folia DC, Prodr, vii, 85 (1839), Common in sandy soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County ; April 24 (No. 18). Microseris nutans (Hook.) Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. ix, 208 (1874); Scorzonella nutans Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi, 253 (1847). Hillsides, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perees County; May 22 (No. 225). Copses, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perees County; June 9 (No, 371). Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No, 429). Also valley of Little Pot- latch River and near Viola, Latah County. 237 Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. n. ser. vii, 437 (1841). Rocky places, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; June 4 (No. 303); rocky hillsides, scarce, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 326). Also valley of Lake Waha and near Viola and Farmington, Latah County. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 29 (1884); Psilochenia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 407 (1841). Frequent in rocky soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perecez County; May 30 (No. 268), Hieracium albiflorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 298 (1834). Woods, valley of Pine Creek, Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 509). Hieracium canadense Mx. F. ii, 86 (1803). Canyons near Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene; July 7 (No. 573). Hieracium gracile detonsum Gray, Syn. FI. i, pt. ii, 427 (1884). Grassy slopes near summit of Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 5 (No. 835). Hieracium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 289 (1834). Woods near Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene July 5 (No. 560). Canyons, same locality; July 7 (No. 574). Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. ser. 2, 11, 55 (1886); Troxi- mon cuspidatum Pursh, Fl. ii, 472 (1814). Common on hillsides, along Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 30 (No. 77). Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook) Greene, Pittonia, il, 177 (1891); Troximon aurantiacum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 309, t. 104 (1834). Moist places at 2,300 meters altitude, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 862). Agoseris elata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 177 (1891); Stylopappus elatus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, vii, 485 (1841). Rocky soil, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 324). Also valley and head of Little Potlatch River. Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 178 (1891); Stylopappus grandi- florus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 485 (1841). Meadows, valley of Cur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 12 (No, 633). Agoseris hirsuta (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 177 (1891); Leontodon hirsutum Hook. FI]. Bor. Amer. i, 296 (1834). Common on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No. i2). Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 178 (1891); Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vil, 435 (1841). Frequent in meadows, Viola, Latah County; June 25 (No. 488). Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Flora, 1138 (1880-83) ; Leontodon tarara- cum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 798 (1753). Common on lowlands, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 25 (No. 42). Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchcock, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v, 506 (1891) ; Sonchus spi- catus Lam. Eneyel. iii, 401 (1789); Sonchus leucophaus Willd. Sp. Pl. iii, 1520 (1800) ; Lactuca leucophwa Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. xix, 73 (1883), not Sibth. Waste grounds, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 706). Prenanthes alata sagittata Gray, Syn. Fl. i, pt. ii, 435 (1884). Crevices of rocks, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 10 (No, 887). 238 Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. PI. ii, 794 (1753). Common on waste grounds, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 251). Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) Don, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. vi, 311 (1828-29); Prenanthes juncea Pursh, FI. ii, 498 (1814), Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 5 (No. 1003). Ptiloria tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145 (1832); Prenanthes (2?) tenuifolia Torr. Ann, Lye, N. Y. ii, 210 (1827); Lygodesmia minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 205 (1834); Stephanomeria minor Nutt. Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. n. ser, vii, 427 (1841). Gravelly shores, valley of Cour d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 16 (No. 658). LOBELIACH A. Howellia aquatilis Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. xv, 43 (1879). Floating in subalpine lakes, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 699). Bolelia elegans (Doug].) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 126 (1889); Clintonia elegans Doug. ; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 1241 (1829); Downingia elegans Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. ii, 375 (1874). Muddy shores, Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d'Alene; July 2 (No. 536). Similar situations. valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; Augus. 21 (No. 942). CAMPANULACES). Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 163 (1753). Common on sandy sou, Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No. 337). Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vill, 255 (1843). Sandy, moist places near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 712). Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britton, Mem, Torr. Club, v, 309 (1894); Campanula per- Joliata L. Sp. Pl. i, 169 (1753); Specularia perfoliata DC. Monogr. Camp, (1830). In woods, but scarce, region of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 23 (No. 285). VACCINIACES. Vaccinium czspitosum Mx. FI. i, 234 (1803), Woods, region of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 25%), Vaccinium membranaceum Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 82 (1834), assvnonym; Vaccinium myrtilloides Hook. loc. cit., not Mx. Woods, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, May 20 (No, 195). Also near Viola, Latah County, and in valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Sp. Pl. i, 849 (1753). Summit of Packsaddle Peak, at 2,700 meters altitude, near Lake Pend Oreille; August 5 (No. 829), Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith in Rees’s Cyel. no. 2 (1817). Woods, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 6X0). BRICACES. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. ii, 287 (1825); Arbutus uva-ursi L. Sp. Pl. i, 395 (1753). Craig Mountains at 900 meters altitude, near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County ; May 20 (No, 204), Menziesia glabella Gray, Syn. FI. ii, pt. i, 39 (1878). Frequent in woods, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No, 469). 239 Pyrola aphylla Smith in Rees’s Cyc]. xxix (1819-20). Several of the numerous flowering specimens sent in by Dr. Sandberg have, at the base of the scape, developed leaves of the texture and color of those of P, picta, but smaller. Valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 17 (No. 663). Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, Kongl. Vatensk. Acad. Handl. ser, 2, xxxi, 194, t. 5 (1810). Valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 521). Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Gen. i, 273 (1818). Bottom land, on Cceur d’Alene River, near Harrison, Kootenai County; July 12 (No. 631). Pyrola picta Smith in Rees’s Cyel. xxix (1819-1820). The flowers of this plant are greenish, as described. But in some specimens they assume a purplish tinge near their base, communicated, seemingly, from the scape and pedicels of the same color. No, 674 diftters from No. 678 princi- pally in the flowers being purplish-brown throughout, the anthers lighter- colored, and in the few, smaller leaves at the base of the scape. These, however, are quite of the same color, texture, and form as those of P. picta, which makes No. 674 intermediate between No. 663 (P. aphylla) and No, 678. Wooded mountain slopes at 1,200 and 900 meters altitude, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 20 (Nos. 674, 678). Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata (Hook.) Gray, Syn. Fl. ii, pt. i, 48 (1878); P. bracteata Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer, ii, 47, 1834. Woods, valley of Pine Creek, Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 522). Pyrola rotundifolia incarnata DC. Prodr. vii, 773 (1839). Wooded slopes, near Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 3 (No. 821). Pyrola secunda L. Sp. P1.i, 396 (1753). Woods, valley of Pine Creek, Farmington, Latah County, June 28 (No. 520), Moneses uniflora (L.) Gray, Man. 273 (1848); Pyrola uniflora L. Sp. Pl. i, 397 (1753). Frequent in canyons, at 1,000 meters altitude, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 462). Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. ii, 317 (1825); Pyrola menziesii R. Br.; D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soe. v, 245 (1823-24). . Woods, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 1050). Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. i, 274 (1818); Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. P1. i, 396 (1753). Woods, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 519). Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. i, 269 (1818). Sandy soil, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 516). Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. Pl. i, 387 (1753). Deep woods, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 21 (No. 940). Hypopitys multifiora Scop. Fl. Carn. i, 285 (1772). Wooded slopes on Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 846). PRIMULACES. Dodecatheon dentatum Hook. F1. Bor. Amer. i, 119 (1830). Heavily wooded ravines, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 602). Dodecatheon sp. Moist places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 28 (No. 63), Also valley of Clearwater River; near Viola, Latah County; and valley of Lake Cceur d’Alene. 240 Lysimacnia thyrsiflora L. Sp. Pl. i, 147 (1753), Moist shores, valley of Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 735). Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. Brux. vii, 192 (1820); Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. i, 147 (1753). Canyons near Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene; July 7 (No. 580). Trientalis europea latifolia (Hook.) Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 118 (1856); Trientalis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 121 (1838). Woods at 1,800 meters altitude, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County ; July 11 (No. 612). Centunculus mimimus L. Sp. Pl. i, 116 (1753). ; Along dry creeks, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County ; August 15 (No. 894). APOCYNACES. Apocynum androsemifolium pumilum Gray, Syn. FL. ii, pt. i, 83 (1878). Common in copses, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; June 9 (No, 372). Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. Pl, i, 213 (1753). Shores, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 4 (No. 825). ASCLEPIADACES. Asclepias mexicana Cav. Ic. Pl. i, 42, t. 58 (1791). Sandy hillsides at Spokane Bridge, 18 miles east of Spokane, Washington ; August 15 (No. 896). Asclepias speciosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii, 218 (1827). Sandy soil, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 1 (No. 815). GENTIANACES. Gentiana acuta Mx. FI. i, 177 (1803). Dry woods, at 1,000 meters altitude, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No, 424). Also head of Little Potlatch River; near Viola, Latah County; and near Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d'Alene. Gentiana oregana Engelm.; Gray, Syn. Fl. ii, pt. 1, 122 (1886). Sandy places near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 725). Frasera albicaulis Griseb.; Hook. Fl, Bor. Amer. ii, 67 (1840). Meadows, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 3 (No. 101). Also head of Little Potlatch River; near Viola, Latah County; and near Farm- ington Landing, Lake Coeur d’Alene. Frasera speciosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 66 (1838). Frequent on grassy slopes, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 23 (No. 239). , Menyanthes trifoliata L. Sp. P1. i, 145 (1753). Marshes, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 11 (No, 828). POLEMONIACES,. Phlox gracilis (Doug].) Greene, Pittonia, i, 141 (1887); Collomia gracilis Dougl.; Benth. Bot. Reg. xix, t. 1622 (18353). Common on rocky hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County, April 23 (No.2). Frequent on sandy shores, island in Clearwater River near Upper Ferry, above Lewiston; May 2 (No. 84). Phlox longifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad, Phila. vii, 41 (1834), Common on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No, 25). 241 Phlox speciosa Pursh, Fl. i, 149 (1814). Frequent in shady places, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 242). Collomia grandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiv, t. 1174, (1828); Gilia grandiflora Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xvii, 223 (1882). Frequent on sandy banks, valley of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County, May 4 (No. 121). Sandy soil and in rocky places, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 4 (No. 304). Collomia linearis Nutt. Gen. i, 126 (1818); Gilia linearis Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. XVii, 223 (1882). Common on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County ; April 26 (No. 46). Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 1,626 (1825); Cantua aggregata Pursh, F1. i, 147 (1814). Frequent in rich canyons, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 17 (No. 188). Hillsides near Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No. 492). Gilia capillaris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. v, 46 (1875). Along the railroad, near Hope, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille, August 20 (No. 936). Gilia capitata Dougl.; Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2698 (1826). Ridges at North Fork of Hangman’s Creek, Indian Reservation; July 1 (No. 529). Gilia heterophylla Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2805 (1829). Woods at 1,200 meters altitude on Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 585). Gilia liniflora pharnaceoides (Benth.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. viii, 263 (1870); Gilia pharnaceoides Benth. Bot. Reg. sub t. 1622 (1833). Dry soil, Viola, Latah County; June 23 (No. 490). Also near Farmington, Latah County, and Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene in valley of Spokane River and near Rathdrum. Navarretia intertexta Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 75 (1838); Gilia interterta Steud. Nom. i, 683 (1840). Sandy soil, Farmington Landing, Lake Cour d’Alene; July 12 (No. 624). Low grounds, Spokane, Washington; August 16 (No, 904). Polemonium occidentale Greene, Pittonia, i1, 75 (1890). Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No, 591). Polemonium humile Willd.; Rem. & Sehult. Syst. ii, 792 (1819), Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 1049). Polemonium humile pulchellum (Bunge) Gray, Syn. FL. ii, pt. i, 150 (1878); P pulchellum Bunge, in Ledeb, FI, Alt. i, 233 (1829). In crevices of rocks at Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 791). Polemonium micranthum Benth. in DC. Prodr. ix, 318 (1845), Rocky grounds, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County ; April 28 (No. 61). Also valleys of Clearwater and Big Potlatch rivers, head of Little Potlatch River, and near Farmington, Latah County. HYDROPHYLLACES. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl.; Benth, Linn. Trans. xvii, 278 (1887). Rich soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 29), Also region of Lake Waha. Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Sp. P1.i, 146 (1753). The first edition of Linniwus’s Species spells this rirginianum, not virginicum. Moist places, valley of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County; May 4 (No, 112). 242 Phacelia magellanica (Lam.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 159 (1893) ; Hydrophytlum magellanicum Lam. Journ. Hist. Nat. i, 373 (1787); P. circinata (Willd.) Jacq. f. Eclog. Amer. i, 135, t. 91 (1811). Common on rocky hillsides and in sandy soil, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 14 (No. 174). Sandy soil, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 16 (No.655). No. 174 is the form called 7. circinata stricta Gray. Phacelia linearis (Pursh); Hydrophyllum lineare Pursh, F1. i, 134 (1814); Eutoca men- ziesti R. Br.; Richards. Bot. App. 764, t. 27, figs. 1-5 (1823). Common on basaltic rocks, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 16). BORAGINACES. Lappula lappula (L.) Karst, Deutsch. Flora, 979 (1880-83); Myosotis lappula L. Sp. Pl. i, 131 (1753); Hehinospermum lappula Lehm. Pug. ii, 23 (1818). Growing along railroad embankments, Spokane, Washington; August 19 (No. 928). Lappula texana (Scheele) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 273 (1894); Hchinospermum teranum Scheele, Linnwa, xxv, 260 (1852); E. redowskii cupulatum Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 530 (1876). Common on sandy soil, valley of the Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 17). Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xx, 283 (1885); Myosotis tenella Nutt. Hook, Kew Journ, Bot. iii, 295 (1851). Sandy soil, island in Clearwater River, near Upper Ferry, above Lewiston; May 2 (No. 87). Cryptanthe flaccida (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia, i, 115 (1887); Myosotis flaccida Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. pt. ii, 22 (18380); Arynitzkia oxycarya Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xx, 269 (1885), Valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 14 (No. 163). Also valley. of Big Potlatch River. Cryptanthe leiocarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) Greene, Pittonia, i, 117 (1887); Hehinosper- mum leiocarpum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 36 (1835), Very common on sandy soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No, 10). Common on sandy soil near Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No. 351). Cryptanthe pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia, i, 120 (1887); Krynitzkia ptero- carya Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. xx, 276 (1885); Lritrichium plerocaryum Torr. Bot. Wilkes, 415, t. 13 (1854). Common in dry soil, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 365). Amsinckia intermedia Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. 26 (1835). Common in the valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No. 3). Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm; DC. Prodr. x, 117 (1846). Common on basaltic rocks, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No. 20). Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. iv, 372 (1838); Pulmonaria oblongifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 43 (1824). Frequent on slopes, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 28 (No. 75). Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) Don, Hist. Diehl. Pl. iv, 318 (1838); Pulmonaria panic- ulata Ait. Hort. Kew. i, 181 (1789). Moist places at 1,050 meters altitude, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No, 420). 243 Myosotis verna Nutt. Gen. ii, Add. (1818). Rocky banks, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 17 (No. 184). Also valley of Big Potlatch, and valley and head of Little Potlatch River. Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 43 (1834), Common in sandy soil, vailey of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 25 (No, 40). Grassy slopes, same locality; May 10 (No, 155). CONVOLVULACES. Convotvulus sepium L. Sp. PI. 1, 153 (1753). Along railroad embankments, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; august 23 (No. 944). SOLANACEAE. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. PI. i, 186 (1753). Waste ground near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 779). Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1, 128 (1818). Sandy soil near Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No. 985). Physalis lanceolata Mx. Fl. i, 149 (1803). This plant is only in flower, and the determination is doubtful. It is more glabrous than the species to which it 1s here referred, and it branches from near the ground. Along railroad tracks, Hope, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 26 (No. 969). SCROPHULARIACES. Verbascum blattaria L. Sp. Pl. i, 178 (1753). Bottom lands, valley of Coeur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 13 (No. 642). Sandy soil, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 26 (No. 971). Terbascum thapsus L. Sp. Pl. i, 177 (1753), Along roadsides, Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No. 918). Scrophularia marilandica L. Sp. Pl. 11, 619 (1753); Serophularia nodosa marilandica Gray, Syn. FI. ii, pt. 1, 258 (1878). Common in shady places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, May 24 (No. 250). Pentstemon confertus Doug]. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 1260 (1829). Frequent on rocky hillsides, Craig Mountains near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 245). Frequent in dry soil, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No. 406). Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No. 1030). Pentstemon confertus procerus (Dougl.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 169 (1893); P. procerus Dougl.; Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. vii, 348 (1829). Moist places, Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No. 341), Pentstemon deustus Doug]. Bot. Reg. xvi, t. 1318 (1830). Crevices of rocks, Post Falls, valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County; July 15 (No. 650). Pentstemon ellipticus Coult. & Fish. Bot. Gaz. xvili, 302 (1893). This plant has the leaves not quite entire, leaning in this respect toward P. newberry: Gray, Pacific R. Rep. vi, 82, t. 14 (1855-57), which has a more southerly range. Rocks, summit of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 603). Pentstemon glandulosus Lindl. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 1262 (1829). Rocky soil, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 14 (No, 169). Also vicinity of Lake Waha and valley of Big Potlatch River. 244 Pentstemon lyallii Gray, Syn. F. ii, pt. i, 440 (1878); P. menziesii var.? lyallii Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, vi, 76 (1862). On precipitous ledges of granite, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 757). Pentstemon menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 98 (1838). In crevices of rocks, at 1,200 meters altitude, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June20(No.466). Mountains at 1,200 meters altitude near Rath- drum, Kootenai County; July 20 (No. 673). Also near south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille, Pentstemon rattani minor Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xv, 51(1879). Sandy soil, island near Upper Ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewiston; May 10 (No. 151). Frequent in rocky places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, May 14 (No. 172). Pentstemon triphyllus Dougl. Bot. Reg. xv, t. 1245 (1829). Frequent in dry soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; Mriy 31 (No. 284). Pentstemon venustus Dougl. Bot. Reg. xvi, t. 1809 (18380). Rocky hillsides, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 4 (Ne. 307). Also valley of Big Potlatch and head of Little Potlatch River. Collinsia grandiflora Dougl. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1107 (1827). Basaltic rocks, valley of the Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April (No. 7). Collinsia parviflora Doug]. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1082 (1827). Rich soil, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 38), Mimulus moschatus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1118 (1827). Frequent in wet places, Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No..336). In lke situations, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 444). Mimulus nasutus Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 112 (1885). Common in springy places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 28 (No. 66). Mimulus pulsiferze Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xi, 98 (1876). Moist ground, Spokane, Washington; August 18 (No. 926). Mimulus rubellus Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 116 (1859). But this plant has pure yellow flowers and is also more tender, Moist places, Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No. 347). Bunanus sp. ; Slopes near foot of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July & (No. 586). Bunanus nanus (IHook. & Arn.) nom. nov.; Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 378 (1840). Rocky places, at 900 meters altitude, Craig Mountains, near Laka Waha, Nez Perces County; May 24 (No. 241). Gratiola ebracteata Benth. in DC. Prodr. x, 595 (1846). Frequent on muddy shores, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No. 430). Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 1, 17 (1753). Frequent in muddy places, valley of the Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 368). Synthyris reniformis (Dougl.) DC. Prodr. x, 454 (1846); Wulfenia reniformis Doug]. ; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 46 (1835). Shady, moist places, Craig Mountains near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 200). 245 Synthyris rubra (Dougl.) DC. Prodr. x, 455 (1846); Gymnandra rubra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 108 (1838). Common on grassy slopes, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County ; April 28 (No. 67). Veronica americana Schwein.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. x, 468 (1846). Common in wet places, valley of Hatwai Creek; May 27 (No. 254). Veronica peregrina L. Sp. Pl. i, 14 (1753) Common in wet places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 255). Veronica scutellata L. Sp. Pl. i, 12 (1753). Meadows, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 18 (No. 431). Veronica serpyllifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 12 (1753). On a grassy, wooded slope, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 22 (No. 236). Moist places, Julietta, Latah County; June 8 (No, 350). Castilleja miniata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 106 (1838). Frequent on grassy slopes, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No. 426). Castilleja acuminata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. ii, 775 (1825); Bartsia acuminata Pursh, Fl. i, 429 (1814); C. septentrionalis Lindl. Bot. Reg, t. 929 (1825); C. pallida sep- tentrionalis Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 575 (1876). Frequent on hillsides, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 20 (No. 450). Castilleja parviflora Bong. Veg. Sitch. 158 (1831). Rocky hillsides, on Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 30 (No. 76). Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. ii, 57 (1818). Sandy soil, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 318). Also valley and head of Little Potlatch River, and near Viola, Latah County. Orthocarpus tenuifolius Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12 (1835). Dry soil, near Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 455). Also near Viola and Farmington, Latah County, and in valley of Spokane River, Kootenai County. Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 110 (1838). In canyons, near Farmington Landing, Lake Cour @ Alene; July 6 (No. 1053). Pedicularis contorta Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 108 (1838). On mountain slopes, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 592). “> 7) Pedicularis racemosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 108 (1838). Deep woods, Viola, Latah County; June 25 (No. 486), Also near Farmington, Latah County, and Farmington Landing, Kootenai County. Melampyrum americanum Mx. Fl. 1, 16 (1803). Woods, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 808). OROBANCHACES. Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v. 298 (1894); Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. ii, 59 (1818); Aphyllon fasciculatum Gray, Syn. Fl. ii, pt. 1 (1878). Growing on Eriogonum. Valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; June 4 (No. 308). Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 298 (1894); Orobanche uniflora L. Sp. Pl. ii, 633 (1753); Aphyllon wniflorum Torr. & Gr.; Gray, Man, 290 (1848). Common on hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No. 11). Also vicinity of Lake Waha. 246 Orobanche pinetorum Geyer, Hook. Kew Journ. Bot, 1ii, 297 (1851); Aphyllon pine- torum Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 585 (1876). But the anthers are fringed with scattered hairs, not ‘ glabrons Growing on Abies, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 41 (No. 625), LENTIBULARIACES,. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. i, 18 (1753). Ponds, at Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. (780). VERBENACES. Verbena bracteosa Mx. FI. ii, 13 (1803). Frequent on rocky hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County ; May 30 (No. 264). Sandy soil, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 27 (No. 972), LABIATZ. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. PI. ii, 577 (1753); M. borealis Mx. FI. ii, 2 (1803). Moist places, valley of Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (No, 734). Valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 698), Lycopus virginicus L. Sp. Pl. i, 21 (1753). Moist places at Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 727). Micromeria douglasii (Benth.) Benth. Lab. $72 (1832-36); Thymus douglasii Benth. Linniea, vi, 80 (1831). Frequent in woods, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20, (No. 445). Salvia carnosa Doug]. Bot. Reg. xvii, t. 1469 (1831); dudibertia incana Benth. loc. cit. Spokane, Washington; August 17 (No, 1027). Monarda fistulosa mollis (L.) Benth. Lab, 317 (1832-36); M. mollis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, i, 382 (1762). Sandy shore, Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 1 (No. 817). Vieckia urticifolia (Benth.) nom. nov.; Lophanthus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. xv, sub t. 1282 (1829) and Lah. 462 (1832-36). Rich bottoms, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 28 (No. 263). Also vicinity of Lake Waha, valley of Big Potlatch River, and near Viola and Farmington, Latah County. Nepeta cataria I.. Sp. Pl. ii, 570 (1753). In waste places, Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No, 983), Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. ii, 35 (1818). Waste ground, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No, 786). Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh, Il. 11, 412 (1814). Common on hillsides, valley of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County; May 4 (No. 115). Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. Pl. ii, 599 (1753). Creek bottoms, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 598). Scutellaria lateriflora L.Sp. Pl. 11,598 (1753). Wet places, valley of Cur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 13 (No, 641). Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 600 (1753). Common in meadows, valley of the Big Potlatch River, Nez Perees County; June 9 (No. 366). Physostegia parviflora Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 434 (1848), as synonym. Alluvial soil, Lake View, Kootenai County; August 7 (No, 869). 247 Marrubium vulgare L. Sp. Pl. ii, 583 (1753). Hillsides, Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No. 491). Stachys palustris L. Sp. PI. ii, 580 (1753). , Wet places, valley of Ceeur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 13 (No. 639). Trichostema oblongum Benth. Lab. 659 (1852-36), Moist places, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No.511). PLANTAGINACES.. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. Pl.1, 118 (1753). Meadows, near Viola, Latah County; June 28 (No, 480). Plantago purshii Rom, & Schult. Syst. Veg. iii, 120 (1818); P. gnaphaloides Nutt. Gen. i, 100 (1818); P. patagonica gnaphalioides Gray, Man, ed. 2, 269 (1856). Common on sandy soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perees County; May 30 (No. 267). NYCTAGINACES. Abronia fragrans Nutt.; Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v, 261 (1853). From its fruit, though not quite mature, this plant seems to belong to the species named. It differs, however, from the typical form in its narrower leaves and more elongated peduncles. More abundant material and fully ripened fruit are needed entirely to establish this reference. The specimens do not agree with the description of 4. suksdorfii by Coulter & Fisher, '! of which, however, T have seen no typical examples. Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 CNo. 1016), AMARANTHACEZ. Amaranthus albus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 11, 1404 (1764), Waste places, near Hope, Kootenai County; August 25 (No. 962), Amaranthus blitoides Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xii, 273 (1877). Near Bonner, on Hellgate River, Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No. 987). Amaranthus californicus (Moq.) Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 42 (1880); Mengea californica Mogq. in DC. Prodr, xiii, pt. ii, 270 (1849), Near Bonner, Missoula County, Montana; August 30 (No. 1044). Amaranthus retroflexus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 991 (1753). Except in the reddish tinge of stem and spikes, this plantagrees well with our specimens of A. retroflecus, But not one of our plants referred to this species agrees with the original Linnean description ‘ caule firmo, subvilloso, flexuoso a folio ad folium,” i, e., the rigid stem zigzag. The lower branches also are described as at first recurved, then ascending,” apparently as in Al. albus. The plant at present understood to be dA. retroflerus thus appears not to be the Linnivan species. Waste places, near Hope, Kootenai County; August 25 (No. 961). CHENOPODIACEA. Monolepis nuttalliana (Rem. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 168 (1891); Blitum nuttalhanum Room, & Schult, Syst. Mant. i, 65 (1822); Monolepis chenopodioides Moq. in DC. Prodr. xill, pt. 2, 85 (1849); Blitum chenopodioides Nutt. Gen. i, 4 (1818), not Lam. On shady rocks, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 17 (No. 192). Also valleys of Big Potlatch and Little Potlatch Rivers. 2580—No, 4——4 ' Bot. Gaz. xvii, 348 (1892). 248 Chenopodium album L. Sp. Pl. i, 219 (1753). Waste ground, near Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 695). Chenopodium botrys L. Sp. Pl. 1, 219 (1753). Railroad embankments near Granite Station; July 20 (No. 775). Atriplex patula L. Sp. PI. ii, 1053 (1753). Sandy soil, plains at Colgate, near Glendive, Montana; September 6 (No. 1018), Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Sp. P1. i, 4 (1758). Sandy soil, near Glendive, Montana; September 6 (No. 1018). Sueeda depressa (Pursh) Wats. Bot. King Surv. 294 (1871); ‘Salsola depressa Pursh, Fl. i, 197 (1814). On buttes, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1034). POLYGONACESA. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. v, 164 (1837). On buttes, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No. 996). . Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila, n. ser. i, 162 (1847). Sandy soil, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 5 (No. 1002). -Eriogonum compositum Doug]. ; Benth. Trans, Linn, Soc, xvii, 410, t. 17, f.10 (1887). Rocky soil, valley of Clearwai or River, Nez Perces County; May 30 (No. 269). Also vicinity of Lake Waha, val.oy of Little Potlatch River, and near Viola and Farmington, Latah County. Briogonum flavum Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prodr, xiv, 8 (1856). In exposed crevices, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No, 854). Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. vii, 49 (1884), Frequent in sandy soil, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 4 (No. 306). Eriogonum multiceps Nees, in Pr. Neuwied, Reise Nord. Amer. ii, 446 (1841). On buttes at Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 4 (No. 997). Eriogonum niveum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii, 414 (1837). On basaltic formations, Spokane, Washington; August 16 (No. 903). Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila, vil, 50 (1834). On precipitous ledges of granite, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 747). Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 241 (1828). Mountains, at 1,200 meters altitude, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 20 (No. 677). Polygonum alpinum All. FI. Ped. ii, 206, t. 68, f. i (1785); P. polymorphum Ledeb. FI. Ross. iti, 524 (1849). Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 662). Polygonum amphibium L. Sp. Pl. i, 361 (1753). Ponds, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 689). Wet shores, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 23 (No. 711). Polygonum aviculare L,. Sp. Pl. 1, 362 (1753). Waste grounds, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille, Kootenai County; August 26 (No. 966). Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, Fl. i, 217 (1814). Meadows, valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No. 400). 249 Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. PI. i, 364 (1753). Common on waste grounds, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; June 2 (No. 287). Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. ii, 125 (1885). Very common in dry soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 30 (No. 271). At 1,200 meters altitude, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No.474). Sandy soil, valley of Lake Pend @Oreilie; August 26 (No. 968). Polygonum hartwrightii Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. viil, 294 (1870). Near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 807). Polygonum imbricatum Wats. Amer. Nat. vil, 665 (1873). Frequent in dry soil, valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No. 411). Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. PI. i, 360 (1753) Moist places, valley of Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 736). Polygonum minimum Wats. Bot. King Surv. y, 315 (1871). Exposed rocky slope at 2,550 meters altitude, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 851). Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. Sp. Pl. i, 362 (1753). Wet places at north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 25 (No. 960). Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill, Veg. Svst. x, 24 (1765); Rumex digynus UL. Sp. Pl. i, 337 (1753). Crevices of rocks near summit of Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 5 (No. 833). Rumex acetosella L. Sp. Pl. i, 388 (1753). Common on sandy soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 9 (No, 148). Rumex maritimus L. Sp. Pl. i, 335 (1753). Wet places, near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 778). ° Rumex occidentalis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xii, 253 (1877). Common in wet copses, valley of the Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No, 364). Along crecks near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 720). Rumex salicifolius Weinm. Flora, iv, 28 (1821). Common on river banks, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Pereces County; May 10 (No. 152). At Hope, Kootenai County; August 26 (No, 1025). Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 733 (1814). Rocky hillsides, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 26 (No, 50). Also valley of Big Potlatch River. ARISTOLOCHIACES. Asarum caudatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. xvii, sub t. 1399 (1831). See also DC. Prodr, xv, pt. i, 424, under A. hookeri majus (1864). Frequent in shady canyons, at 1,100 meters altitude, Bald Knob, Cedar Moun- tain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 456). ELEAGNACEZ. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia, 11, 122 (1890); Hippophaé argentea Pursh, FI. i, 115 (1814). On buttes, Colgate, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; September 6 (No. 1019). Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 122 (1890); Hippophaé canadensis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1024 (1753); Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. ii, 241 (1818). Copses, near Lake View, Kootenai County; August 5 (No, 870). 250 LORANTHACEZ.. Razoumofskya americana (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 587 (1891); Arceu- thobium americanum Engelm.; Gray, Pl. Lindh. ii, 214 (1850). On Pinus contorta. Near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; August 12 (No. 892). Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1i, 587 (1891); Arceu- thobium douglasii Engelm. Bot. Wheeler Surv. vi, 253 (1878). On Pseudotsuga mucronata, At the south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 744). Razoumofskya occidentalis (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, PI. ii, 587 (1891); Arceu- thobium occidentale Engelm, Bot. Wheeler Surv. 254 (1878). On Pinus ponderosa. Near Spokane, Washington; August 18 (No. 925). Razoumofskya sp. An inch or two high; branching; stems and branches brown- ish, the latter with the flowers inclined to yellow. On Larix occidentalis. Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 787). SANTALACES. Comandra pallida DC. Prodr, xiv, 636 (1857). Kamyak Butte, near Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No. 499). EUPHORBIACEZ. Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. ii, 37 (1835). Bottom lands, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 256). Also vicinity of Lake Waha, and valley of Big Potlatch River. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Syn, Pl. ii, 14 (1807). Sandy soil, near Spokane Bridge, Washington; August 15 (No, 898), URTICACEZ. Celtis occidentalis pumila (Pursh) Gray, Man. ed. 2, 397 ( 1856); C. pumila Pursh, Fl. 200 (1814). A low, straggling bush, which does not leaf out till May. Valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 2 (No. 85). Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 341 (1789). See also DC. Prodr, Xvi, pt. 1, 52 (1869), synonyms under UU. dioica angustifolia. Moist places, common, on Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June (No. 376). Urtica lyallii Wats, Proc. Amer. Acad, x, 848 (1875). Moist places, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County ; August 6 (No. 864), Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 955 (1805). Moist places, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 14 (No. 176). CUPULIFERZ. Betula occidentalis Hook. FI. Bor, Amer. ii, 155 (1838). Common along streains, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 33). Woods, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County ; June 26 (No. 513). Copses at Hope, Kootenai County; August 26 (No. 1024), Betula pumila L. Mant. 124 (1767). Marshes, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No, 796). Alnus incana virescens Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 81 (1880). Frequent in shady woods, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No. 427); June 20 (No. 464), 2 251 Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 336 (1805); Betula serrulata Ait. Hort. Kew. ili, 338 (1789). Common on sand flats, Lapwai Agency, Nez Perces County ; May 5 (No. 133). SALICACEA,' Salix cordata Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1v, 236 (1803). Common along streams, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 39); April 28 (No. 70). Bottom lands, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 2 (No. 96), On Peter Creek, Nez Perees County; May 4, (No. 117). Canyons, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 21 (No. 215), Salix flavescens scouleriana (Barratt) Bebb, nom. nov.; S, scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer. ii, 145 (18388), Woods, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 237). Salix lasiandra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335 (1857). Banks of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 28 (No. 69). River banks, Lapwai Agency, Nez Perces County; May 5 (No. 129). Salix lasiandra lancifolia (Andersson) Bebb, in Bot. Cal. ii, 84 (1880); Salix lanci- folia Andersson, Monogr. Sal. 34 (1863). River banks at Thompson Falls, Montana; August 28 (No. 1045). Salix lasiolepis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335 (1857). Common on banks of streams, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County ; April 28 (No. 71). Salix longifolia Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 238 (1803), Common on banks of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 30 (No. 80). Copses, Thompson Falls, Montana; August 27 (No. 978). Salix rostrata Richards. Bot. App. 753 (1823). Frequent on banks of Peter Creek, Nez Perces County; May 4 (No. 118). Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gr.; Hook. Ie. Pl. ix, 878 (1852), Common along streams, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 28 (No. 56). J ORCHIDACES. Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes, Cat. Verm. P1.28 (1842); Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. PI. ii, 951 (1753); Calypso borealis Salish. Parad. Lond. t. 89 (1807). The beard on the lip of the eastern form is yellow, but it is white on this. western plant. The latter may therefore be designated as forma oceidentalis, Deep canyons, Craig Mountains at Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 21 (No, 211). Also valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County, and near south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille. . Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Deutsch. F1. 448 (1880-83); Ophrys corallorhiza L. Sp. PL. ii, 945 (1753); Corallorhiza innata R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 209 * (18138). In deep woods, scarce, Viola, Latah County; June 23 (No. 485). Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt. Journ. Aead. Phila. iii, 188, t.7 (1823). In deep canyons, Farmington Landing, Lake Ceeur d’Alene; July 5 (No. 552). Corallorhiza striata Lind]. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 534 (1840). Frequent in canyons, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 460). ' The Willows were determined by Mr. M. 8. Bebb, Rockford, Hl. 17 252 Listera convallarioides (Swartz) Torr. Comp. 320 (1826); Lpipactis convallarioides Swartz, Kongl. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Stockh. ser. 2, xxi, 232 (1800); Listera convallari- oides Nutt. Gen. ii, 191 (1818), nomen nudum, without description or cross-reference to Swartz’s plant. Canyons, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County ; June 20 (No. 458). Also head of Little Potlatch River; near Viola and Farmington, Latah County; and near Lake Pend d’Oreille. Listera cordata (L.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 201 (1813); Ophrys cordata L. Sp. Pl. ii, 946 (1753). Moist woods, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 8 (No. 875), Gyrostachys romanzoffiana (Cham.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 171 (1892); Spiranthes romanzefiana Cham, Linnea, iii, 82 (1828), Wet places, Granite Station, Kootenai County; J uly 30 (No. 797). Peramium menziesii (Lindl.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 124 (1894); Goodyera menziesii Lindl]. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 492 (1840). Woods, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 679). Cephalanthera oregana Reichenb. f. Linnea, xli, 53 (1877). Wooded mountain slopes, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County ; July 20 (No. 676). Epipactis gigantea Dougl.; Hook. FI. Bor. Amer. ii, 202 (1840). Near springs, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 26 (No. 970). Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. Exot. FI. ii, t.95 (1825); Orchis dilatata Pursh, F 1. ii, 588 (1814). Frequent in rich canyons, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County ; June 2 (No. 288). Habenaria elegans (Lindl.) Boland. Cat. 29 (1870); Platanthera elegans Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 285 (1826). Woods on the St. Joseph River, Wiessner’s Peak, at 1,800 meters altitude, Kootenai County; July 7 (No. 584). Habenaria gracilis (Lindl.) Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 135 (1880) ; Platanthera gracilis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 288 (1826). Frequent in canyons, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 471). Moist places, Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County, August 6 (No. 861). Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. Compend. 318 (1826); Orchis orbiculata Pursh, FI. ii, 588 (1814). Rich woods, near south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille, July 28 (No. 767). Habenaria unalascensis (Spreng.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xii, 277 (1877); Spiranthes unalascensis Spreng. Syst. iii, 708 (1826). Meadows, near Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No, 1039). Cypripedium montanum Dougl.; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orchid. 528 (1840). Rich shady grounds, valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 13 (No. 384). IRIDACESA. Tris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila, vii, 58 (1834). Frequent in wet places, valley of the Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; June 6 (No. 315). Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. xvi, t. 1564 (1880). Common on table lands; island in Clearwater River, near Upper Ferry, above Lewiston, Nez Perces County; May 2 (No. 100). Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. Sp. I'l. ii, 954 (1753); S. mucronatum Mx. FL. ii, 33 (1803). _ Moist ground, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; June 6 (No. 317). 253 LILIACE#. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC.; Lam. & DC. Fl. France, iii, 174 (1805); Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 304 (1753). Frequent in canyons, Bald Knob, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 20 (No. 470). Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Bot. San Fr. Bay, 316 (1894); Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 58 (1834). Frequent on hillsides, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 22 (No. 228). Vagnera sessilifolia (Nutt.) Greene, Bot. San Fr. Bay, 316 (1894); Smilacina sessili- folia Nutt.; Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 245 (1879); Tovaria sessilifolia Baker, Journ. Linn, Soc. xiv, 566 (1875). Frequent in rich, shady soil, island in Clearwater River, near Upper Ferry, above Lewiston, Nez Perces County; May 2 (No, &9), Brodiza douglasii Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 237 (1879). Common on hillsides and in bottoms, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No. 30). Brodiza lactea (Lindl.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 238 (1879); Mesperoscordum lacteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. xix, t. 1639 (1833); Allium lacteum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 339 (1839), Wet places, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 510). AlJlium acuminatum Hook. FI. Bor, Amer. ii, 184, t. 146 (1840). Rocky hillsides, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 258). Also valley of lower Clearwater River. Allium attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. ii, 110, f. 34 (1863). Shores, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 745). Allium cusickii Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 228 (1879). On all basaltic outcroppings, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No. 1). Allium geyeri Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 227 (1879). Rocky river bottoms, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; May 16 (No. 177). Allium schcenoprasum L. Sp. PI. i, 301 (1753). . . Lake shores, Hope, Kootenai County; August 26 (No. 1023), Allium serratum Wats. Bot. King Surv. 487 (1871). But the scapes are taller in this plant and the stamens are fully as long as or even longer than the acuminate petals. Rocky hillsides, scarce, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 355). Camassia esculenta (Ker) Lindl. Bot. Reg. xvili, t. 1486 (1832); Scilla esculenta Ker, Bot. Mag. t. 1574 (1813). Meadows near Lapwai Agency, Nez Perces County; April 20 (No. 132). Lilium parviflorum (Hook.) nom. nov.; L. canadense parviflorum Hook. Fl. Bor, Aimer. ii, 181 (1840); Liliwm columbianum Hanson; Baker, Journ, Linn. Soc. xiv, 243 (1875). This is the variety v, to which alone of the three varieties named Hooker refers when he says “My NW. American specimens have much smaller flowers, of a redder hue, and are more disposed to be revolute.” According to Wat- son! this is the same as L. columbianum Hanson. Woods at the south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 7 (No. 748). | Proc. Amer, Acad. xiv, 257 (1879). 254 Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh, I'l. i, 230 (1814), exel. syn, Along streams, valley of Pine Creek, Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 517). Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. ii, 64 (1825); Lilium (?) pudicum Pursh, FI. i, 228, t. 8 (1814). In No. 13, collected in April, the flowers are very strongly marked with pink ; the anthers are white; the style of the well-formed pistil projects beyond the perianth. In No, 220, collected a month later at a higher altitude, the flowers are predominately yellowish, with only traces of pink; the anthers are yellow; the style does not reach half the length of the perianth parts, and the entire pistil is frequently absent by abortion. It seems from these data that the flow- ers of this species in earlier forms and lower altitudes are apt to be proterogy- nous; while in later, higher altitude forms they are proterandrous. Common on hillsides throughout the valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; April 23 (No, 13): already in fruit, Frequent on hillsides, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 21 (No. 220). Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, Fl. i, 231 (1814). Common on Craig Mountains, vicinity of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 202) Calochortus elegans Pursh, Fl. i, 240 (1814). See also Doug]. Hort. Trans, vii, 278 (1830). Frequent on hillsides, region of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 196), Shady places near Julietta, Latah County; June8 (No. 344). Rich woods near Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d'Alene; July 2 (No. 582). Slopes on Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No, 604). Calochortus macrocarpus Doug]. Hort. Trans, vii, 276, t. 8 (1830). Valley of the Spokane River, near Post Falls, Kootenai County; July 17 (No. 660), Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. i, 235 (1818); Helonias tenax Pursh, I'l. i, 243 (1814). Grassy slopes near summit of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 588). Disporum majus (Hook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xv, 188 (1888); Prosartes lanugi- nosa major Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 174 (1840). With Disporum trachycarpum., Canyons, Craig Mountains, near Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 198), Disporum trachycarpum ( Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. iii, 882 (1883); Prosartes trachycarpa Wats. Bot. King Surv. v, 344 (1871). Frequent in canyons, Craig Mountains, at 900 meters altitude, Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No. 1088). Clintonia uniflora (Menzies) Kunth, Enum. v, 159 (1850); Convallaria borealis uniflora Menzies; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. vii, 307 (1828), There is a tirst brief description of this plant without name, under Smilacina borealis Ker, sub nom. Gawler, Bot. Mag. xxxiv, t. 1403 (1811). Woods, frequent, Cedar Mountain, Latah County; June 17 (No, 425). Trillium ovatum Pursh, FI. i, 245 (1814). Frequent in rich woods, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 20 (No, 209). Trillium petiolatum Pursh, Fl. i, 244 (1814). Rich soil, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; April 24 (No.27). Also vicinity of Lake Waha, and valley and head of Little Potlatch River. 255 Veratrum californicum Durand, Journ. Acad, Phila. ser. 2, iii, 108 (1855-58). South end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 27 (No. 741). Veratrum viride Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 422 (1789). Michaux! considered this the same as the European Veratrum album L, 2 Moist places on Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 863). Stenanthium occidentale Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. viii, 405 (1872). Precipitous ledges of granite, south end of Lake Pend d'Oreille; July 27 (No. 756). Zygadenus venenosus Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 279 (1879). Rocky hillsides on Peter Creek, Nez Perces County; May 4 (No.114). Fre- quent on low ground along Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 6 (No. 319). JUNCACEZ:' Juncus alpinus insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St. Lonis Acad. ii, 459 (1868). Wet shores of Lake Pend d’Oreille, at Hope, Kootenai County; August 24 (No. 950). Juncus balticus Willd. Berlin Mag. iii, 298 (1809). Frequent in wet places, at the head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 18 (No, 436). Springy places at Hope, valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille, Kootenai County; August 24 (No, 951). Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. 1, 328 (17538). Common in wet places, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; June 4 (No. 312), Juncus filiformis L. Sp. Pl. i, 326 (1753). Shores, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No.692). Wet mountain meadows, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 9 (No. 880). Juncus nevadensis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 303 (1879). Nos. 261, 684, and 949 are only provisionally referred here. Frequent in wet places, valley of Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County; May 27 (No. 261). Valley of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No. 405). Head of Little Potlatch River, June 20 (No.457). Valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21(No, 684), Valley of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 24 (No. 949), Juncus nodosus IL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, i, 466 (1762). Wet places, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 776). Juncus parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii, 447 (1866). Near summit of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 593), Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. ii, 214 (1799). Frequent in moist places on Little Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 13 (No. 379). Juncus xiphioides triandrus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii, 482 (1868), Frequent in wet places on Little Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 7 (No. 330). Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii, 722 (1891); Juncus campestris L. Sp. Pl. i, 829 (1753); Cuzula campestris DC. F 1. Fr. iti, 161 (1805), Common in woods about Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 22 (No. 230). Juncoides glabratum (Hoppe) Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Hist. Minn. ix, 63 (1894); Jun- cus glabratus Hoppe; Rostk. Monogr, June, 27 (1801). Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 613). 1 PI. ii, 249 (1803). 2Sp. Pl. ii, 1044 (1753). 3The Juncacexe were determined by Mr. Frederick V. Coville. 256 Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville, Contr, Nat. Herb. iv, 209 (1893) ; Juncus par- viflorus Ehrh, Beitr. vi, 139 (1791); Luzula spadicea parviflora Ii. Meyer, Linnia, xxii, 402 (1849). Deep woods at Farmington Landing, Lake Cour @Alene, Kootenai County; July 5 (No. 554). TYPHACES. Typha latifolia L. Sp. Pl. ii, 971 (1753). Wet places, valley of Mud Lake, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 739). Sparganium simplex Hudson, FI. Ang. ed. 2, 401 (1788). Along creeks, near Rathdruin, Kootenai County; July 25 (No, 715). Sparganium simplex angustifolium (Mx.) Engelm., in Gray Man. ed. 5, 481 (1867); S. angustifolium Mx. FI. ii, 189 (1803). Leaves floating. Subalpine lakes, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 700). ARACES. Lysichiton kamtschatcensis (L.) Schott, Gen. Aroid. t. 91 (1858) ; Prodr. Aroid. 421 (1860); Dracontium kamtschatcense L, Sp. Pl. ed. 2, ii, 1372 (1763). Cool, springy ground, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 722). LEMNACEZ. Lemna minor L. Sp. PI. ii, 970 (1753), _ Ponds, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 801). ALISMACES. Alisma plantago L. Sp. PI. i, 342 (1753). Wet places, Hope, Kootenai County; August 20 (No, 935). Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. tv, 409 (1806). Wet places near Hope, Kootenai County; August 21 (No. 941). NAIADACEZ. Triglochin maritima L. Sp. Pl. i, 339 (1753). Wet shores, near Hope, Kootenai County; August 23 (No, 946). Triglochin palustris L. Sp. Pl. i, 338 (1753). Marshes, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No, 790), Potamogeton heterophyllus longipedunculatus (Merat) Morong, Mem. Torr, Club, iii, 24 (1893); P. longipedunculatus Merat, F]. Paris (1812). Shallow water, margin of Lake Pend d’Oreille, near Hope; August 24 (No. 955). Same vicinity; August 26 (No. 1026). Potamogeton natans L. Sp. PI. i, 126 (1753). Shallow places, margin of Lake Pend d’Oreille, near Hope; August 20 (No. 939). Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. Pl. i, 127 (1753). Shallow water, margin of Lake Pend d’Oreille, near Hope; August 5 (No. 954). Potaniogeton perfoliatus richardsonii A. Bennett, Britten’s Journ, Bot. xxvii, 25 (1889). Shallow water, margin of Lake Pend d’Oreille, near Hope; August 25 (No. 956). Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm. Amer. Journ, Sci. ser. i, xlv, 38 (1843). Subalpine lakes, at 900 meters altitude, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 22 (No. 697). 257 CYPERACES::! Cyperus aristatus Rottb. Descr. et Icon. 23 (17738). Moist places, near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 719). Cyperus houghtonii Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iti, 277 (1886). See also Bull. Torr. Club, xviii, 368, 369 (1891). Sandy soil, valley of Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; June 2 (No. 292). Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xxi, 29 (1894); Cyperus arundinacea L. Sp. Pl. i, 44 (1753); Schenus spathaceus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1, 63 (1762); Dulichium spathaceum Pers. Syn. i, 65 (1805). Wet places, near Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No, 777). Bleocharis acicularis (L.) Ram. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 154 (1817); Scirpus acicu- laris L. Sp. Pl. 1, 48 (1753). Common in wet places, Viola, Latah County; June 23 (No. 484). Bleocharis ovata (Roth) Rem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 152 (1817); Scirpus ovatus Roth, Cat. i, 5 (1797). Muddy places, valley of Cawur d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 14 (No, 649). Eleocharis palustris (L.) Rem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 151 (1817); Scirpus palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1, 47 (1753). Wet places, valley of Lake Tesemini; June 21 (No. 685). Scirpus lacustris occidentalis Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 218 (1880). Wet shores, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 687). Scirpus microcarpus Pres], Rel. Haenk. i, 195 (1828). Wet mountain meadows, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County; August 9 (No. 881). Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. i, 4 (1815); Eleocharis pygmea Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 313 (1836). Three miles south of Viola, Latah County; June 26 (No, 1052). Scirpus subterminalis Torr. I'l. U.S. i, 47, (1824). Ponds at Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (781). Carex amplexifolia Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 228, t. 226 (1839). Wet places, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; July 28 (No, 761). Carex aperta Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer. ii, 218 (1840). Wet places, valley of Coeur d’Alene River; July 12 (No. 634). Carex athrostachya Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. vil, 393 (1868). Frequent in meadows, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 20 (No, 448). Wet places near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 716). Carex canescens brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Encyel. Suppl. iii, 286 (1813); C. canescens alpicola Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 232 (1812); C. curta brunnescens Pers. Syn. ii, 589 (1807). Canyons, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 1 (No. 814). Carex capillaris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 977 (1753). , On precipitous ledges of granite, south end of Lak« Pend d’Oreille; July 29 (No. 751). Carex deflexa media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 43 (1889). ; Mountains, south end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 3 (No. 820). At 2,550 meters altitude on Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 5 (No. 841). Carex deflexa rossii (Boott) Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 43 (1889); C. rossit Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 222 (1838). Common in canyons, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 23 (No. 234). 'The Cyperacew were determined by Mr. C. F. Wheeler, Agricultural College, Michigan. 258 Carex deweyana sparsiflora (Olney) Bailey, Bot. Gaz. xiii, 87 (1888); C bolanderi sparsiflora Olney ; Bailey, loc, cit. as synonym. ; Woods, valley of Pine Creek, near Farmington, Latah County; June 28 (No. 518). Carex exsiccata Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 6 (1889). Frequent in wet places, valley of the Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 16 (No, 417). Carex festiva Dew. Amer. Journ. Sci. xxix, 246 (1836), Common in wet places, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 357). Same situations, Farmington Landing, Lake Cur d’Alene; July 6 (No. 568). Carex festiva polystachya Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 51 (1889). Frequent on river banks, mouth of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County ; May 3 (No. 104). Carex filiformis lanuginosa (Mx.) B. 8. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 63 (1888); C. lanuginosa Mx. FI. ii, 175 (1803); C. filiformis latifolia Beck]. Linnwa, xii, 300 (1877). Frequent in meadows, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 20 (No. 449). Wet places near Rathdrum, Kootenai County; July 25 (No. 721). Carex flava recte-rostrata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. xili, 84 (1888). Shores of Lake Pend d’Oreille, at Hope, August 20 (No. 931). Carex geyeri Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. xx, 118 (1846). Frequent on hillsides, valley of Lake Waha, Nez Perces County; May 22 (No, 224), Mountain heights, Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 606). Carex interrupta impressa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 18 (1889), Wet places, valley of Lake Tesemini, Kootenai County; July 21 (No. 693). Wet shores near Hope, north end of Lake Pend d’Oreille; August 20 (No. 933). Carex leptalea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Acad. Handl. ser. 2, xxiv, 189 (1803); C. poly- trichoides Willd.; Wahl. loc. cit. as synonym. Swamps, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 800), Carex limosa L. Sp. Pl. ii, 977 (1753). Marshes, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 809). Carex nebraskensis previa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 49 (1889). Wet places, near Viola, Latah County, June 26 (No. 502). Carex pratensis Drejer, Rev. Crit. Car. Bor. 24 (1841), Common in wet places, head of Little Potlatch River, Latah County; June 20 (No. 452). Carex preslii Steud. Pl. Cyp. 242 (1855), Slopes of Wiessner’s Peak, Kootenai County; July 8 (No. 610). Carex pseudo-cyperus americana Ilochst. Herb. Unio Itin. (1837). Marshes, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 811). Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Kong]. Acad. Handl. xxiv, 139 (1802). On mountains of Packsaddle Peak, Kootenai County; August 6 (No. 850). Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann. Lye. N.Y. i, 71 (1824). Wet places, Farmington Landing, Lake Caur @’Alene; July 6 (No. 567). Wet places, Granite Station, Kootenai County ; July 29 (No. 774). Carex reynoldsii Dew. Amer. Journ. Sci. xxxii, 39 (1837). Mountain meadows, valley of Traille River, Kootenai County, August 10 (No, 891). Garex scoparia Schk. Riedgr. Nachtr. 20, f. 175 (1806). Wet places, valley of Cour d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 14 (No. 648 ). 259 Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 283 (1805). Wet places, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June 9 (No. 359). Valley of the Cour d’Alene River, Kootenai County; July 13 (No. 638). Carex straminea festucacea (Willd.) Tuckerm, Enum. Meth. 18 (1843); C. festucacea Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 242 (1805). Rocky banks of the Clearwater River, Nez Perces County; June 2 (No. 295). Common in meadows, valley of Big Potlatch River, Nez Perces County; June ? (No. 367). Carex tenella Schk. Riedgr. 23, f. 104 (1801). Meadows, Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 30 (No. 798). Carex teretiuscula ampla Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 53 (1889). Wet places at the North Fork of Hangman’s Creek, Indian reservation, Latah County; July 1 (No. 528). Carex utriculata minor Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer, ii, 221 (1839). Wet places at Granite Station, Kootenai County; July 29 (No. 788). GRAMINES. By L. H. Dewey. The grasses obtained on this expedition, amounting to 120 numbers, form a most important part of the collection from an economic stand- point. The vegetable resources of that region for some time to come will consist chiefly in the native forests for the production of lumber, and in the native pastures for the production of beef and mutton. The collectors’ notes indicate that many of the mountain meadows, the lake shores, and the alluvial deposits along the river bottoms abound in erasses mostly unlike those found east of the Mississippi River, but many of them evidently just as valuable for grazing, and certainly better adapted to that region than any which are cultivated in the East. ) 71 Carex interrupta impressa Bailey. Calamagrostis canadensis (Mx.) Beauv. Chenopodium album L. Madia glomerata Hook. Potamogeton pulcher Tuckerm. Mentha canadensis L. Howellia aquatilis Gray. Sparganium simplex angustifolium (Mx.) Engelin. Nymphea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze. Festuca oregona Vasey. Agropyron repens glaucum (Desf.) Scribner. Erigeron acris L. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchcock. Blank. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carriere. Sambucus laecustre Poir. Ribes lacustre Poir. Polygonum amphibium L. Heterocodon raritlorum Nutt. Panicum capillare minus Mubl. Agropyrum tenerum Vasey. Sparganium simplex Hudson. . Carex athrostachya Olney. 717. 718. 719. 720. 721, 722. 723. 724. 725, 726, . Lycopus virginicus L. . Solidago serotina Ait. . Ranunculus lacustris terrestris (Gray) Mac- Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. Poa remota Fors. Cyperus aristatus Rottb. Rumex occidentalis Wats. Carex filiformis latifolia Beck]. Lysichiton kamtschatcensis (L.) Schott. Asplenium filix-foemina eyclosorum Rupr. Cinna pendula glomerula Scribner. Gentiana oregana Engelin. Helianthus annuus L. Millan. . Solidago serotina Ait. . Erigeron canadensis L. 2. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. . Sium cicutwefolium Gmelin. . Mentha canadensis L. . Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. . Polygonum lapathifolium L. - Epilobium franciscanum Barbey. - Impatiens aurea Mubl. . Typha latifolia L. . Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton. . Veratrum californicum Durand. . Cleome serrulata Pursh. - Lilium parviflorum (Hook.) Holzinger. . Razoumotskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze. . Allium attenuifolium Kellogg. » Epilobium hornemanni Reichen)h. . Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. - Hedysarum flavescens Coult. & Fish. . Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Hook.) Kuntze. . Adiantum pedatum L. . Carex capillaris L. . Chrysopsis villosa hispida (Hook.) Gray- » Arnica latifoha Bong. Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. . Saxifraga bronchialis L. ). Stenanthitin oecidentale Gray. 802, 805. 806. 807. 811. 812. 815. 816. 817. 818. 819. 283 - Pentstemon lyallii Gray. . Woodsia scopulina Eaton, . Aster sibiricus L. . Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. . Carex amplexifolia Boott. . Botrychium marilandica L. . Sanicula marilandica L, . Aster modestus Lindl. 5, Capnoides montanum (Engelm.) Britton. . Erysimum cheiranthoides L. . Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. tudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. . Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribner. . Lycopodium complanatum L. . Lycopodium annotinum L. 2. Aralia nudicaulis L. . Carduus foliosus Hook. . Carex retrorsa Schwein. . Chenopodium botrys L. . Juncus nodosus L. . Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton. . Rumex maritimus L. . Solanum nigrum L. . Utricularia vulgaris L. . Seirpus subterminalis Torr. 2. Brasenia purpure: {(Mx.) Casp. . Gnaphalium sprengelii Hook. & Arn. . Grindelia nana Nutt. 5. Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. . Dracocephalum parvitlorum Nutt. tazoumofskya sp. . Carex utriculata minor Boott. . Cieuta bulbifera L. . Triglochin palustris L. . Polemonium humile pulchellum (Bunge) Gray. . Hypericum formosum scouleri (Hook.) Coult. . Viola palustris L. . Rubus areticus L. 5. Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray. 3etula pumila L. yyrostachys romanzoffiana (Cham.) Mac-. Millan. . Carex tenella Schk. . Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Un- derwood. . Carex leptalea Wahl. . Lemna minor L, Epilobium lineare Muhl. . Senecio aureus L. . Aster adscendens Lindl. Tussilago sagittata Banks. Equisetum hyemale L. Polygonum hartwrightii Gray. . Melampyrum americanum Mx. . Carex limosa L. . Drosera rotundifolia L. Carex pseudo-cyperus americana Hochst. Castalia leibergii Morong. . Sambucus glauca Nutt. . Carex canescens brunescens (Vers.) Poir. Asclepias speciosa Torr. Astragalus microcystis Gray. Monarda fistulosa mollis (L.) Benth. Chamnerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv, 19 | | | | | | | 820. 821. 822, 823. 824. 825, 826. 827, 828. 829, 830. 831. 832, 833. 834. 835. 836. 837. 83 839. 840. 841. 842. 843. 844, 845. 846. 847. 848. 849, 850. 851, 852. 853, 854. 855. 856. 857. 858. 859. 860. 861. 862. 863. 864. 865, 866. 867. oO _ pat 868. 869, 870. 871. 872. 873. 874. 875. 876. 877. 878, 879. 880. 881. 882. 883. Carex detlexa meadia Bailey. Pyrola rotundifolia incarnata DC. Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Carum gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Gray. Juniperus virginiana L. Apocynum cannabinum L, Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh. Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribner. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Juniperus nana Willd. Festuca viridula Vasey. Blank. Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill. Saxifraga leucanthemifolia Mx. Hieracium gracile detonsum Gray. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Mitella pentandra Hook. . Blank. Aster engelmanni (Eaton) Gray. Aquilegia flavescens Wats. Carex deflexa media Bailey. Ranunculus aflinis R. Br, Mitella breweri Gray. Epilobinm anagallidifolium Lam. Osmorhiza nuda Torr. Hypopitys multiflora Scop. Erigeron acris debillis Gray. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. Claytonia parvifolia Mocino. Carex pyrenaica Wahl, Polygonum minimum Wats. Arabis platysperma Gray. Dryopteris lonchitis (L.) Kuntze, Eriogonum flavum Nutt. Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. Cardamine leibergii Holzinger. Sambucus melanocarpa Gray. Phegopteris alpestris (Swartz) Mett. Rubus strigosus Mx. Sedum roseum (L.) Scop. Habenaria gracilis (Lindl.) Wats. Agoscris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. Veratrum viride Ait. Urtica lyallii Wats. Alsine uliginosa (Murr.) Britton. Blank. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. Planch. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) Gray. Physostegia parviflora Nutt. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene. Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia (Muhl.) Underwood, Listera cordata (L.) R. Br. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) Gray. Agrostis exarata asperifolia (Trin.) Thurb. Saussurea americana Eaton. Juncus filiformis L. Scirpus microcarpus Presl. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bossch. Agrostis exarata Trin. & 926. 927. . Lappula lappula (L.) Karst. 929. . Tetradymia canescens DC. 931. . Blank. . Carex interrupta impressa Bailey. . Batrachium trichophyltum (Chaix) Bossch. . Alisma plantago L. . Gilia capillaris Kellogg. . Potentilla anserina L, . Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. . Potamogeton natans L, . Monotropa uniflora L. 941, 942. . Pteris aquilina lanuginosa Bong. . Convolvulus sepium L. 945. 946. . Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Serib- 284 . Actza spicata arguta Torr. . Blank. . Taxus brevifolia Nutt. . Prenanthes alata sagittata Gray. . Rubus pedatus Smith. . Angelica dawsonii Wats. . Senecio serra Hook. . Carex reynoldsii Dew. . Razoumofskya americana (Engelm.) Gray. . Blank. . Centunculus minimus L. . Rhus glabra L. . Asclepias mexicana Cav. . Portulaca oleracea L, 898. 899. . Blank. . Marsilia vestita Hook. & Grev. . Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. 3. Eriogonum niveum Dougl. . Navarretia intertexta Hook. 905. . Aristida fasciculata fendleriana (Steud.) Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Mollugo verticillata L. Boisduvallia stricta (Gray) Greene. Vasey. . Cleome lutea Hook. . Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh. 909. . Xanthium canadense (Herm.) Mill. . Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze. | . Aster canescens Pursh. 913. . Bidens frondosa L, . Erigeron filifolius Nutt. . Antennaria geyeri Gray. . Aster multiflorus Ait. . Verbascum thapsus L. . Iva xanthifolia Nutt. . Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. . Delphinium scopulorum Gray. 922. . Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt. . Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. . Razoumofskya Solidago occidentalis Nutt. sigelovia graveolens glabrata Gray. Boisduvallia densiflora (Lind]l.) Wats. occidentalis (Engelm.) Kuntze. ° Mimulus pulsifere Gray. Medicago sativa L. Linum digynum Gray. Carex flava recte-rostrata Bailey. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Bolelia elegans (Dougl.) Greene. Deschampsia ciespitosa (L.) Beauv. Triglochin maritima L. her, 948. 949, 950. 951. 952. 953. 954. 955. 956, 957. 958. 959, 960. 961. 962, 963. 964. 965. 966. 968. 969. 970. 971. 972. 973. 974. 975. 976. 977. 978. 979. 980. 981. 982. 983. 984. 985. 986. 987. 988. 989. 990, 991. 992. 993. 994. 995. 996. 997. 998, 999. 1000. 1001. 1002. 1008. 1004. 1005. 1006. 1007. , 1008. 1009, 1010, Panicum pubescens Lam. Juncus nevadersis Wats. Juncus alpinus insignis Fries. Juncus baltieus Willd. Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Aster levis L. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Potamogeton heterophyllus longipedunecu- latus (Merat) Morong. Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Ben- nett. Aster adscendens Lindl. Hordeum nodosum L. Equisetum limosum L. Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Amaranthus albus L. Rhus radicans L. Carduus undulatus Nutt. Blank. Polygonum aviculare L, . Thuya plicata Lamb. Polygonum douglasii Greene. Physalis lanceolata Mx. Epipactis gigantea Dougl. Verbascum blattaria L. Verbena bracteosa Mx. Rosa fendleri Crepin. Rosa pisocarpa Gray. Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh. Erigeron ramosus beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey,/ Smith & Pound. Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp. Salix longifolia Muhl. Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gr. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) Gray. Artemisia frigida Willd. Elymus canadensis L. Nepeta eataria L. Artemisia trifida Nutt. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Stipa viridula Trin. Amaranthus blitoides Wats. Blank. Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria (Pursh) Brit- ton. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Bigelovia graveolens allneaulis Gray. Gutierrezia euthamiw (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Bigelovia douglasii Gray. Solidago radula Nutt. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Eriogonum multiceps Nees. Aster incanopilosus (Lindl.) Sheldon. Calamoviifa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. Eriocarpum spinulosum (Pursh) Greene. Solidago radula Nutt. Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. Lygodesmia juneea (Pursh) Don. Aster canescens Pursh. Dysodia papposa (Vent.) Hitehcock. Gwrtneria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Britton. Bigelovia graveolens (Nutt.) Gray. Rhus trilobata Nutt. Rosa fendleri Crepin, Artemisia tritida Nutt. 1011. 1012. 1013. 1014. 1015. 1016. 1017. 1018. 1019. 1020. 1021. 1022. 1023. 1024. 1025 1026. 1027. 1028. 1029. 1030. 1031. 1082. 1083. 1034. 1035. 1036. 1087. 1088. 1039. 1040, 1041, 1042. 1043. 1044. 1045. 1046. 1047. 1048. 1049. 1050, 1051, 1052. 1053. 1054. 1055. 1056. 1057. 1058. 1059. 1060. 1061. 1062. 1063. 1064. 1065. 1066. 1067. 1068. 1069. 1070. 285 Artemisia longifolia Nutt. Polanisia trachysperma Torr. & Gr. Corispermum hyssopifolium L, Artemisia longifolia Nutt. Iva axillaris Pursh. Abronia fragrans Nutt. Aster tenacetifolius H. B. K. Atriplex patula L. Lepargyrea argentea (Pursh) Greene. Lacinaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze. Aster incanopilosus (Lindl.) Sheldon. Helenium autumnale L. Allium schcenoprasum L. Betula occidentalis Hook. tumex salicifolins Weinm. Potamogeton heterophyllus longipeduncu- latus (Merat) Morong. Salvia carnosa Dougl. Trifolium involucratum Willd. Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. Pentstemon confertus Lindl. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Crategus tomentosa L. Mentzelia ornata (Pursh) ‘Torr. Sueda depressa (Pursh) Wats. Sisymbrium officinale Scop. | Grindelia nana Nutt. Astragalus spaldingii Gray. | Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) Benth. & | Hook. Habenaria unalascensis (Spreng.) Wats. Claytonia caroliniana sessilifolia ‘Torr. Lupinus flexuosus Lindl. Opulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. Blank. Amaranthus californica (Moq.) Wats. Salix lasiandra lancifolia (Anders.) Bebb. Blank. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. Blank. Polemonium humile Willd. Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Poa flava L. Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. Blank. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Hypuum subimponens Lesq. Claopodium crispifolium (Ilook.) Lesq. & James. Atrichum undulatum altecristatum Ren. & Card. Timmia austriaca Hedw. Orthotrichum speciosum Nees. Dicranum strictum Schleich. Hylocomium triquetrum L. Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Amblystegium varium (Beauy.) Lindb. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Barbula milleri Bruch & Schimp. | Homalothecium nevadense (Lesq.) Ren. & Card. Brachythecium salebrosum (Holf.) Bruch & Schimp. Hypnum uncinatum Ren. & Card. Hypnum subimponens Lesq. 1071. L072, 1073. 1074. 1075. 1076. 1077. 1078. | 1079. 1080. 1081." 1082, 1083. 1084. 1085, 1086. 1087. 1088. 1089. 1090. 1091. | 1092. | 1093. 1094, 1095. 1096. 1097. 1098. 1099, 1100. 1101, 1102. 11038. 1104, 1105. 1106. 1107. 1108, 1109. 1110. 111i, 1112. 1118. 1114. 1115. 1116, 1117. 1118. 1119. 1120. 1121. 1122. 1123. 1124. 1125. 1126. 1127. Rhacomitrium occidentale Ren. & Card. Dicranum scoparium (L.) Hedw. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. Hypnum ochraceum Turn. Leucolepis acanthoneura (Schweg.) Lindb. Claopodium crispifolium (Hook.) Lesq. & James. Grimmia alpestris Schleich. Seleropodium obtusifolium (Hook.) Ren, & Card, Hypnum uncinatum Hedw. Blank. Orthotrichum speciosum Nees. Bryum cirrhatum Hoppe & Hornsch. Sphagnum squarrosum speetabile Russ. Hypnum subimponens Lesq. Bartramia menziesii Turn. Plagiothecium denticulatum microcarpum Ren. & Card. Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) Beauv. Hylocomium parietinum (L.) Lindb. Hylocomium proliferum (L.) Lindb. Hylocomium triquetrum (L.) Bruch Schimp. Camptothecium lutescens (Huds.) Bruch & Schimp. Bartramia pomiformis crispa (Sw.) Schimp. Dicranoweisia contermina Ren. & Card, Rhacomitrium patens (Dicks.) Hib. Gymnostomtun curvirostre (Elrh.) Hedw. Plagiothecium silesiacum (Beauv.) Schimp. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. Hypnum ¢apillifolium Warnst. Climacium americanum Brid. Meesia longiseta Hedw. Awacomnium palustre Schweg. Orthotrichum fastigiatum Bruch. Mnium medium Bruch & Schimp. Dicranum starkei Web. & Mohr. Mnium umbratile Mitt. Plagiothecium denticulatum microcarpum Ren. & Card. Thamnium leibergii E. G. Britton. Blank. Dicranum howellii Ren. & Card. Dichodontium pellucidum (L.) Schimp. Amphoridium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. Hylocomium robustum (Hook.) Kindb. Mnium punctatum Hedw. Bryum cuspidatum Schimp. Philonotis fontana (L.) Brid. Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. Brachythecium rutabulum (L.) Schimp. Dicranella crispa (Ehrh.) Schimp. Ditrichum montanum Leiberg. Dicranella crispa (Ehrh.) Schimp. Polytrichum attenuatum Menz. Heterocladium aberrans Ren. & Card. Plagiothecium denticulatum microcarpum Ren. & Card. Blank. Hylocomium squarrosum (L.) Bruch & Schimp. Scouleria aquatica Hook. Bryum miniatum atwateriw (C. Mill.) Ren. & Card. & 1128. 1129. 11380. 1131. 1182. 11338, 1134. 1135. 1136. 1137, 1188. 1139. 1140. 1141. 1142. 1148. 1144. 1145. 1146. 1147. 1148. 1149. 1150. 1151. 1152. 1153. 1154. 1155. 1156. 1157. 1158. 1159. 1160. 1161. 1162. 1163. 1164. 1165. 1166, 1167. 1168. 1169. 1170. 1171. 1172. 1178. 1174. 4175. 1176. 1177. 1178. 1179. 1180. 286 Blank. Webera cruda (L.) Schwieg. Muium spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. Amblystegium juratzkanum Sehimp. Amblystegium serpens (L.) Bruch & Schimp. Orthotrichum roellii Vent. Amblystegium hy grophilum (Juratz.) Schimp. Bryum eespitosum L. Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Hedw. Amblystegium serpens (L.) Bruch Schimp Grimimia leucophia Grev. Orthotrichum reellii Vent. Amblystegium serpens (L.) Bruch & Schimp. Orthotrichum tenellum Bruch. Blank. Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Schimp. & Amblystegium serpens (L.) Bruch & Sehimp. Camptothecium «neum (Mitt.) Lesq. Pottia cavifolia Ehrh. Timmia austriaca Hedw. Mnium spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. Eurynehium = strigosum (Hof) Bruch & Schimp. Polytrichum juniperum Willd. Atrichum undulatum altecristatum Ren. & Card. Aulacomnium androgynum (L.) Schweg. Barbula mucronifolia (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. Orthotrichum holzingeri Ren. & Card. Webera nutans (Schreb.) Hedw. Webera cruda (L.) Schwiag. Plagiothecium denticulatum imicrocarpum Ren. & Card. Pseudoleskea rigescens Wils. Psendoleskea atrovirens brachyeclados (Schwiawg.) Schimp. Bryum sandbergii Holzinger. Blank. Rhacomitrium sudeticum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. Fontinalis antipyretiea L. Fontinalis neo-mexicana Sull. & Lesq. Dichelyma uncinatum Mitt. Dicranowcisia coutermina Ren. & Card. Rhacomitrium occidentale Ren. & Card. Grimmia pachyphylla Leiberg. Pseudoleskea atrovirens Schimp. Pseudoleskea atrovirens Schimp. Eurhynchium strigosum barnesii Ren. & Card. Eurhynehium strigosum fallax Ren. & Card. Plagiothecium sandbergii Ren. & Card, Brachytheenim adipodium Mitt. Brachythecium rivulare Bruch & Schimp. Jamptothecium dolosum Ren. & Card. Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. Bartramia pomiformis crispa (Sw.) Schimp. Blank. . 1181. 1182. 1183. 1184. 1185. 1186, 1187. 1188. 1189. 1190. 1191. 1192. 1193. 1194. 1195, 1196. 1197. 1198. 1199. 1200. 1201. 1202. 1203, 1204. 1205. 1206. 1207. | 1208. 1209. 1210. 1211. 1212. 1213. 1214. 1215. 1216. 1217. 1218. 1219. 1220. 1221. 1222. y226. 1227. 1228. 1229. 1230. 1231. 1232. 1235. 1234. 1235. 1236. 1237. 1258. 1239, . Amblystegium Aeidinm ranunculacearum DC. Erysiphex sp. Meidium hydrophylli Peck. Acidium euphorbiw (Schrank) Gmel. Puccinia mariv wilsoni Clinton. Oidium erysiphiovides Fries. Melampsorella cerastii (Pers.) Schract. Albugo candidus (Pers.) Kuntze. Peronospora parasitica (Pers.) Fries. Puccipia asperior Ellis & Everh. Peronospora giliwe Ellis & Everh. Albugo candidus (Pers.) Kuntze. Septoria sisymbrii illis. Puceinia oreoselini (Strauss) Karn. Phragmidium discitlorum (‘Tode) James. Melampsora farinosa (Pers.) Schroct. Barbula mulleri Bruch & Schimp. Brachythecium albicans (Neck.) Schimp. Hypnum cordifolium Hedw, Amphoridium lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp. Webeora nutans (Schreb.) Hedw. Dicranum seoparium (L.) Hedw. Dicranum scoparium (L.) Iedw, Dicranum fuscescens Turn. Dicranum strictum Schleich. Webera commutata Schimp. Brachythecium starkei (Brid.) Schimp. Amblystegium serpens (L.) Bruch & Schimp. Hypnum hispidulum Brid. Bryum cespiticium L. Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid. Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Hedw. Polytrichum juniperinum Willd. Eurhynchium strigosum (Ioff.) Bruch & Schimp. Blank. Anlacomnium androgynum (L.) Sechwieg. Hylocomium parietinum (L.) Lindb. Hylocominm proliferum (L.) Lindh. Dicranoweisia contermina Ren, & Card. Hypnum ochracewn Turn. Thamnium bigelovii (Sull.) Lesq. & James, ten. & Sruch & Bruch & Eurhynehium strigosum barnesii Card. 3. Philonotis fontana (L.) Brid. . Timinia austriaca Hedw. hygrephilum (Juratz.) Schimp. Amblystegium serpens (Le) Bruch & Schimp. Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Sehimp. Amblystegiumserpens (L.) Bruch & Schimp. Brachythecium rivulare Bruch & Schimp. Camptotheeium wnemm (Mitt.) Lesq. Aulacomnium androgynum (L.) Schwieg. Bryum exspiticium i, Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. & Card. liypnum symmetricum Ren, & Card. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Barbula miilleri Bruch & Schimp. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card, Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoff.) Bruch & Schimp. Iypnum symmetricum Ken. 1240. 1241. 1242, 1248. 1244. 1245. 1246. 1247. 1248. 1249. 1250. 1251. 1252. 1253. 1254. 1255, 287 Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoff.) Bruch & Schimp. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Eurhynchium strigosum (Hotf.) Bruch & Schimp. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Barbula miilleri Bruch & Schimp. Enurhynehbium strigosum fallax Ren. & Card. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Claopodium crispifolium (Iook.) Lesq. & James. Hypnum symmetricum Ren. & Card. Eurhynchium strigosum (Hoff) Bruch & Schimp. Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoff.) Bruch & Schimp. Aulacomnium androgynum (L.) Schwieg. Hypnum hispidulum Brid. Timmia austriaca Hedw. Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) Beauv. 1256. 1257. | 1258. 1259. 1260, 1261. 1262. 1263. 1264. 1265. 1266. 1267. | 1268. | 1269. 1270. 1271. 1272. Aulacomnium androgynum (L.) Schwaeg. Webera cruda (L.) Schweg. Hypnum uncinatum Hedw. Hypnum subimponens Lesq. Dicranum strictum Schleich. Scleropodium obtusifolium (Hook.) Ren, & Card, H[ylocomium triquetrum (L.) Schimp. Blank. Pseudoleskea atrovirens brachyclados (Schwieg.) Schimp. Hypnum ochraceum Turn. Amblystegium orthocladon (Beauv.) Ren. & Card. Blank. Hygrobiella laxifolia Spruce. Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Nees & Mont. Blepharostoma trichostomum (L.) Dum. Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dum. Ptilidium californicum (Aust.) Pearson. Bruch & INDEX. Page, A DIGS poh c rote we Sn co te eee se ree ADIONIA So 2o66 ae cuide an See eve nde tacecd. es 247 PCO Keon cate ace eign oe eile et eee ates 219 Achillea... 2.00. c cece cee cece eens 235 ACOMItUM. 202. e ccc cee c cnc nce ence 211 A CEA ao at ee ohio oh he rte es 211 Adenocaulon............c00 cee cece cc cee cee 233 Adiantum.....0, 0. cece cece cee cc cence neces 267 fEcidium... 2... eee ccc ceca ceceeees 275, 276 Agoseris .....0. 00. c cece cee cc ec en ccc ccce ace 237 ABropyron 2.2.0 ccc cl eee eee cece eee ee cess 265 AGTOSLIS 0.020. cece eee cece eee . 260, 261 B_% |: Se re ee 261, 262 AlbUgO 220 cece e ence ewacenes 276 Alisma. 22.2... ccc cece ec ccc ccc cuceuccece 256 Allium... ool ccc ccc ccc ce cee cee 253 Alnus...........¢ ot se saciened cede soeeaee 250, 251 Alopecurus .-..2 00.000. cece cee ccccceceees 260 Alsine 2.02. elec cece cece ce cece eee 216 Amaranthus. .........0..ccccceccccuccccece 247 Amblysteginm...... pound eet wenteace mgs 274 Ambrosia... 0.000000 o cece cece ence cncccuce 233 Amelanchier.......02...-..2.0-.ccceenceeeee 224 Amellus 2.0.0.0 0. ccc ccc c ccc cecccccaeenees 231 Amphoridiunt....... .....22.00ceccceeeeees 270 Amsinckia. .. 2.00.00. cc cc cccccccccccucceece 242 Anemone .... 2... .c oo eee cece ee ceence 209 Angelica... 02.00.00. c cc ceccececeacecececece 227 Ancectangium -.........20.....e0ceceee eee 270 Antennaria . 20... occ cece ccc ccc ccuceceus 233 Aphyllon 2.2.00... .0ccccceceeecceeceeaes 245, 246 Aplopappus..........2.....0c.ccceeeenencee 231 Apocynum. 2.2... ccccecccccceeccseceeees 240 Aquilegia. 0.0.0... oe cece cee wcceecceees 211 7) 1S |, 212 Aralia .. o.oo. nnn ccc ne ccccccucus 229 Arbutus . 20.0000. 00 cece ce cceceuanees 238 Arceuthobium ..........02.cceceeeeeeceeeee 250 Arctostaphylos Sab eheduc ania namatcesee oes 238 Arenaria.......0.0 0.00... cee ecceccucceces 216 Aristida 2.000.000 ooo. cece cc ccccenecees 260 Ft) 235 Aronia... o.oo... oe eee ec ccc ececneneees 224 Artemisia............... 0... cccccecccecees 235 Arundo ...... 0.000... oo eee cccccccnetcecs 861 Asarum...... 0.00.00... .--c- ccccceneeeees 249 Asclepias.....................-eeeeecaneee 240 Ascophora....................ccnccccceaee 276 Aspidium............... a sive inteceuueaatoes 268 Asplenium grea ie oEivnatan Wah cane Siaeeee ees 267 Aster 231, 232 Page. Astrapalug. ..0..0s006 see veestoseceeeceeecde 290 AUDA oe soseeetiis ec a cae ddee ln eect 2 ALTASENE 2625. bos ee ce oc Seecsdinwtcedcbsn 200 ALTICHUM 32 Siecle Ss acdbecees o'veseeies anc 272 A triplex ieee ieee te ie he estieid ceed odds 248 Audibertiaiwosc 5 sce lees cue easetees 246 Aulacommium.........0......020e,eccee cess 272 Balsamorhiza ..---- 20.2.2 cence erence cence 234 Barbarea: acini etme dct aveds eee fpeeeneek 212 Barbula sccct fh. 2 db deatide eee eee Se teees 269, 270 BartOnia. :: Eurhynchium............-.000--e- eee ae Convallaria . 2.2.0.0... 02 2022 cece ee lec eneee O54 Winton cone iui bee dobw nue e egesee eee eee a Convolvulus ...... 2.0... ee eee eee eee 943 — “Watsia vn on bese ondocecclsasieeelaet ss a CODA ai sete ae tection B10. “Want ibder cds sa ctec ewan setteat eects 264, Corallorhiza .............20 200000000 000002, 251 : Fontinalis...........--2s0--2-ceeee eects oe Corispermum ..........22.0 0.00.22 e ecco 248 . Fragaria .........-2202----2--e eee eee 233 Cornucopiw Ter ete m newer ewww een ee enee - 861 Framseria ....--...-0- 2222 ee cede eer 240 COMMOS senso tnededeseaue alae tiidsnies 229. Frasera .....2c0cececenecccceeeee eee ereetet os CON CONS 2 iat het Sereda Tews aden ds #11: Fritillaria...............00002eeeee rete orl Crategus tere rw ewe rere ee eee ee eee eee 223 Funaria wemilMesve Sueno ela loks s alarayS aveieieeere else ee a ORC DNN 2 sone esac e Bente inate housed dad 237 Grortneria ....-.-.-.--2-202e-ee ee 295 Cryptanthe . 22.0... lle. 2420 Gailiardia.......---------eeeee eee 999 230 Cryptogramme........ 22.20.00... 2c ce eeee ee 267° Galium .........--2---ceeeee ee eeeeeeeeees 22 oe 0 257 Gayophytum Soda ule ceca Bidinve ‘oevctd lala efeaioe 6 cual sts exe's 540 Cypripedium. .......0. 0.00... 251.252 . Gentiana......-...-.-.s-s0eeeeeeeeereete os Cyrtorhyncha......2... 0.0.00... 210) Geranium..........-..-.--2 002 eee eee 092 Cystopteris . 2.2.0.2... cece eee cecenecenes 267 Geum ..-.- ce cece ence ec ccccceeeceeereeeree? ae CNSIOPUB Sosa sense wecasesedsbeie dada gs 276 | Gilia.....cccne cece cece ee cece ete er eee eee! a Dactylis...-. 20.02... sees ceceeeeeeeeeenee es 268 Glyceria........000ceeceeeeeeecee eee eenere’ pee Danthonia .......0.0.0 eee eee, 262 Glycosma........2..20eeeee eee cece ate Delphinium ....-....22..0.0.2 eee, 21100 Glycyrrbiza.......... 2.2202 e ener 233 Deschampsia..................0.2cceeeee eee 261 Gnaphalium..........------.-eeeeee00 ee Deyeuxia a eS Peewee. cane 261 . Goodyera abate cehicee ees Sn eee ete ers et 264 Dicentra ......-...---nsccecssseeeeeeese sees 211 , Graphephorum .......-..---+e-e2e00 20 ot Dichelyma Sn 273, 274°: Gratiola....c...0.- nee e ecw cee eee! 210 Dichodontium........-......... seieeeesse: 269 | Grimmia..........0-220-ceeeeeeeeecere pits Dicranella ............. ete eis Sice Seas he alut 269 Grindelia. ..........0cccecee eens cere ere II Page. Page. Gutierrezia .. 20.0.0. c eee eeneeeeeecaceee. 230 Lotus.............08 eeeece ei SSio s'eetid cree soda 220 Gymnandra ........ 22. .ccce eeec eee cence eee 245 Lupinus ....... 0.2... ccsecececcecccceccese. 219 Gymnostomum.....- 22.2.2. 22...0 0.2000. 269,270 | Luzula.........cccceeccsecccecccccscceee. 4 5, 256 Habenaria.2c4cs0ticoseeccosocayusmececnees 252 | Lycoperdon ........00..e0.ccccec ceceee ee. 276 Harpecarpus ....-- 0202020202. ceeneeceeceee 234 | Lycopodium .......00......cccceeeccece-- ee 268 Hedysarum ...-...-.. 2.0000. .ceec cece nvecee 220 Lycopus ........- ae sce un tar cose Vets cous coe 246 HelCOi Wt scd52 oes ceedeusescuediceccassas 235 | Lygodesmia............00..ceccceecececcee. 238 Helonias.............cccecesencececcccenece 254 Lysichiton ................. ccc coven ee ees 256 Heracleum..........0.00.ceeeeeeece-seccees 228) Lysimachia...............s00eeceecsceceees 240 Hesperoscordum.....0.-.0---ceeecsceeseeee ee. CU i eee 234 Heterocladium...............c0cceee--- eee 273° Madorella ............cccccccenccccece cece 234 Heterocodon ......0.02-cccecesececsccece-e 238) Malva...... 0. ce ccc ccnnenecccecccacsccce 218 Heuchera ......... 2.0 ceceeccee cece cc ceeeeee 224 =Marrubium .........-....0...0ccececcccccce 247 Hieracium 2222.22... c occ ces cneceeccee 237) = Marsilia............-26 Siomeecesheeced tua ae 268 Pippo DRG exincaden ca seacoasesu otic wes 242° “Mat ricanidi 12s... 2acecsovssesseaese ones: 235 Homalothecium ...-..............-.----... 273 Metlicago .......0...0. ccc cecscccccccceseces 219 Hordeum .......02. 0 ccc c cece ccccecccccee 2 MeeSiadi:idsccecsteccsacessediedescaceceses 271 Hosackia ..... 22... 0.00.0cccccecseeeeeeceee 220 =Melampsora...........000eeceeecceeeecneeee 276 Howellia.. 2.0.0... 0 0c. cece cee ceccecceeceeee 238 = Melampsorella............-cesecescsceccas 276 Hutchinsia ........2..........202.-0------. 213° Melampyrum .............-ccceeeceeeee eens 245 Hydrastis............. pote suas ee anton tace 209 Melica ...... 2... ccccecceccececccuecenececes 262 Hydropeltis..-... 0.0.0.2 2 cceeeeeeceeecceeee CIT -Mépgea wen scelecoscie twee seseeckies ides 247 Hydrophyllum...........200ceeceeeeeeees 241,242 Mentha.......-.ccesceceecce eceeeccecccees 246 Hygrobiella..... 2.2.0.0... ccceceeeecee eee. 275 Mentzelia..........ccccecccececececcoceee -. 228 Hylocomium. .... 22.000. cccecceccccenee sees 219° Menyanthes).2: 222030603 ecsteseeds. coos s 240 Hymenopappus..........--2..20se00e-se00- 284 Menziesia..........2...2-cecceeeeesceeeeeee 238 ypericum «22.2.0... eee cece nec: ---- 217 Mertensia........... gee eecececanaswecsaine: 22 Hypnum...... 2.0... eee eeee ee ee 272, 278, 274,275 | Micromeria ........----0e+ceeeeeseereeeee® 46 Hypopitys ..... 2.0... ce ceeccecccceceeceneee 239: Microserias<.<6- cusses iideeteseseaeeees 238 MO Sess escent tee dn aeecealagiaate 218) Mimulus............eceeecceecececeesecreee 4 Impatiens... 2.222... ce cece ce cc cene cence 218 | Mitella........ccceccccecccenccccenceeeeees 224 DS chee ealaen ces eaueieiiee cic. 952 Mnium.......--------eecccceeeecceees 269, 271, 272 AVA cece ie tesa anes caccecovinn oe ccuierc es: 233) — Mollugo.......----0-eecesccscvereccecsessees 227 Dacksonia .. 2... ese ccc ccecccecceececs 214 MOnardi soecsccesesconecaswces -tbecawderane 246 Tuncoides... 2... e eee ce cc ceccecccccceee 255,256 Moneses .....-.eee- Oem nce raccccesccnccenss 239 PUMCNB 56 sav ccGiscieaesduseuceeeevcdes 255,256 Monolepis......-.-----++eeseescee seer ee eee aT Juniperus. ...........0...----.-. 0. eee. 266 Monotropa.......0.-222ceeeeeee cee ence eee 230 TOT is esis cc cues atthe eigen 262 Myagrum.....- .ss-cecceeesenesenceesenceee 213 Krynitzkia ............. ee eren aotoaene 242 Myosotis.........0.0-2-eeceeetenececerees 242, 243 Lacinaria 2.2.2 ooo ooo coe ocec ec cec cece ee 230 = Myosurus. ..--------2--ccceeecccscrccercece 208 eS re 237 «=Nardoamia....---eeeceee- ence re eerenecee cee as Lagophylla . oo... eee ce cece eee occccc cence 234 Nasturtium........----+-eceeeesseeeeee eres ai POP PU tise aesuGaciees Leste swiaceesuide 242 . Navarretia....---.--2e-seee-sseeeeeeeeereee ae Larix 2... 266 Nepeta...---- 2-0-0 eee eee e en ee cern ctcceeree a Lathyras ooo. eee cesses encccnsecece 221 Nuphar .....--.----. eee cece creer reer etree 2 awe tony wtehewsesncce, 211 BOONE oes antasie eee ee contac as 238 «Nymphaea .. ..------------°- Lemna..........0..00 256 (Enothera...----.--+2--eeeeeecere eee rcer ees Pea Leontodon ................................. 287 Oidium......- 0+ ee eee cence secrete rere eee ee Lepargyrea................................ 249 ONALTA ...----eeee reece ener en eree esc ceneeee ae Lepidium.......0...00............... 213 Onobrychis ~.-.------seeeee reese rere erence 7 ae Leptobryum ea ice Ada eee See 271 «= Ophrys..-..------ eee e reer erect e cer r es wide — Leptoteenia ........................... 228 Opulaster ......-2--- 2-222 eree eee e etree ae PO ease nace ace nai de seaman 273 Opuntia ....-2. 2. cece cee ec ere eee eee eeee es af SAND ie cesrretee csi overeat? ee oe Liatriy so. 290 Orobanche ......-------52 00+ oi Ligusticam ....00000) ss, 227 Orthocarpus ..------++++-++eeeere eee ert eee | ee Sie se ease ece cc, vu etc ebene a 253, 254 Orthotricham ....-----+-+-++ eae eas EN A eating sash ec nseeceate 229 ©Osmorbiza..-....--------+2++200° ee Binam ooo 218 Osmunda.....-...---- eee e reer eeee eet eeeee 4 Vibtetaecei sent 252 OXYTIA. 022. eee e ee ete n eee renee cet eeene iia Lithophragma poetic othe det eae oes 224 Pachystima .....-------- ere eee seerr ener eee pe LampeRertBOT voeacessssecssseneenesencsets ee 264 eed oe eT EE 2299. Panicu 160 Phanthus............ So acai eat ea 246 | Panicum ......020. 00 eee necro renner er ereee 3 Phocolea....... Ses Sa ect ent eee 275 - Parietaria ...--.---ceereeeweeseesseeere eee: = Page. POrnassiOs 22084225555. eee atin t eet eee: QUA Nal Kies see ete ee tikes esas 21 Peslicilatia: cnc ot ecciau steed otiev anced Meds ay 245: SalsOla ocean vee stance sseee i kos 248 Pellaa cicia tae neenes ee 260 Nalviniew ccc eci eee sla sae sace cae eew cess 246 Pentatetion. .......0.0...2000 05002 243,244, Sambucns.........2.0... 0c e eee eeeeee eee ees 229 Peramititi. ..20.066 ser eee cele. 252. -Sanguisorba s 2500000056) nies sate es sees ee 223 Peronospora ooo... 0... cece ee eee 276 | Sanieula cess coves ccoek see easter 2 Petasite sg: ceccaise e306 ed hhc sav dee Sasa 235 | Samssurea@...........00eceeeeeeceeee ee ence 236 Peucedanum ........ 0... cee eee eens 227) Saxifraga.. cc. ccc. cece cece cece eee eee eeeee 24 Phacelis.. 2.3 226 2 sed oie ees 2422 SONS eet tei tease tana 257 Phalaria.:.: 3s s 313 jonesii ........2.2.2-.. 60ers 314 laneifolia....-...--------- ees 314 nelsoni..........-----00- ee tet 314 palmeri ..........---- 02222 s0e ee 314 - glabrescens..-.--+. +--+ 07° 313 penicillata ...........-----2ee29 0+ 314 pringlei........-------. eerste 314 Cicuta linearifolia ......-.00-0---e22 280 308 Cnidinm .............---eneeee eee 302 peucedanoides ....--------00000°7" 303 Coaxana _.........ccececececceccetestersee? 297 PUIpHTEd ....---- seen recess 297 315 Cologania hirta Page. Colubrina arborea.......-..---+-----e00-2+- 315 glomerata ......----------------¢ 315 MEXICANA.--. .2- 2 eee eee eee eee 315 Cormonema mexicana........------+--+---+ 315 nelsoni. .........-.---+--+-- 22° 315 spinosa. ....------0+---- 22s - eee 315 | Cyclanthera gracillima ...-.-.------+-++++- 318 micrantha... ..-.----.------ 318 Daucus montanus ...-...---------- eee ee eee 298 OG) re 294 Deanea....--.----- eee ee eee rer cence 298 nudicatlis......-..-.---.5-------++- 298 tuberosa. .....---- eee eee ee eee cee “298 Elaterium longiscpalum ....-.--.+---+--++- 318 Eriophyllum ...-...------+-+-+-+20eeee ree 321 | Fucnida bartonioides .....----------------+ 317 grandiflora. .-..-..+-----+0+-22- +++ 317 Eulophus ...-..-----+---+-- 200 eee cree 301, 302 americana ......----+---eee ener 302 bolanderi.....-------------e88 ++ 302 californica. ....--..6----- eee eee 302 parishii.......----------2---e000+ 302 peucedanoides. .....-+--++-+- +5: 302, 303 pringlei......-----+----225- 250077 302 tenuifolius ....--..-++20--e2e 000 302 ternQtus ...-20--- eee eee 302 COLANUS 0. eee eee cee 302 Eryngium alternatum ..-.-------++++60 7777 298 beecheyanum ...---------+++9* 299 bromelifolium.....-.----+--+++ 299 carline ...-.-.------ eee eer 299 CYMOSUM .....---- ee eeee sere ee 299 deppeanum ...--------ereees2e0+ 299 ghiesbreghtii ..----------------- 299 gracile .....----------000rr err 300 involucratum ...---.---+6- +2 +-+ 299 longirameum. ...--+----- +225 eee- 299 montanum ..-..--------+-ee5rt re 300 nasturtiifolium .....------------ 300 nelsoni..-..----- See eutcanse eee 300 protetlorum ....-----+.-+++2++ 301 SCAPOSUM ...----- 2262 reer eerie 300 seatoni.....-----2- erste 300 Feniculum foeniculum ...---+-+-++++++590* 301 Galactia hirta ....-------- seer eere 315, 316 Galphimia sessilifolia....-.----------+-++-- 313 Gouania domingensis ....-----++--++s200t07 31E mexican ....-------e eee eres 314 tomentosa ...-----seee cere eter tee 315 II INDEX, Prise Page Greenella .........--2.0 222 eee eee a2 Podoseiadhium bodendert 0. 00. 0. eee sm Guitierrezia sooo... ee. cee eee. 321 california oo. cc eee. we Hibiseus thavadus .. 000000. 0020 eee 313 Prioneseiadiim OR Hydrocetyle bonariensis.........- 301 Iineserfelsum 0s mexivana...... 30 Meat aE pein 108 prolifera 0.0.0... 301 watsoni 308 Le@sainiiw: s253c03 23. Sth hs tei oh os 324 iwatrvoas 308 Ligusticum eastwood 2.0.00 2...0000 0.646. 2200 Rhamnuserecea ol... 314 macounii........- B21 Rhodosciadintm 2000... 20s verticllatum .....2......0..... mal) iasec tan 308 Malvaviscus palmeri..............2.0...... 313 ghameum “won Maridur coccec cc wee. 313 lineare na Micropleura renifolia .... aop 0 Rhvnehoane prides 000 2.2... 316 Microsperma hartonivides. ..00..0.....-.. R17 Sievos cehinoes atoides a9 grandifiora —...... 317 Weppel 2.52 45. sites Pywkw es 319 Mimoaa apirocarpa ......... 00 ...... 316 Sida cinerra... 4 Musineon alpinum......00000.....00..... ang lumoesa .. ait Museniopsia ...........0.00000....005.. wy Be lnlio ge mais au wgopodinides 00... airy pamienlatas ee an cordata ooo... N06 Silane s..... 0 ee eee $02 dissecta...... OG Simon aya ce eee ais pencedanoides 9 0 0000.0... 30.8 Stam ereefam 8 ee 2a scabrella...0... 00.0... BOG Smevenminme 0 eee atu wehatineri.... 0000 oo... . ee. BON myo podioidea Baz, ON MOTTATA. eee es 304 Spananthe paniculats Wa tenuifolia .....00000 wo... 302) Vauachia ....... 8 ce eee R02 Cernate ci eee xs coulleri ace cee eee ee 296 filifolia.. oo... 303 niudicanlia 000000000000 cee eae ae, On ftexana ........00.000.. 302 POFANA ooo eee ga, $60 tuberosa ...... wee. 203 Thaapinm. oo. eee eee vot, d20 Neogoezia......0 00 co.cc eee eee 305) «- Thurovia. ow. eet 321 gracilipes... ......2 00000... 403 triffera. cece eee eee eee 321 WOR? sos cod tec as et ceded be 306 «0 Tradescantia brevifolia 2. ......-.-----+ 322. 323 Neonelsonia..........0.0...00000...0.222.0.... 206 lelandra......00..02.--5---- 322, 323 ovata..........000 0000... wT laandrask sock dee ..o. 322, 323 «Enanthe pringlei.... 00.0... 0000... 307 WIA. 2 Ae ee a3 Oreomyrrbis gracilipes.....0 00000000000... t05 SF ) 323 Osmorrhiza .... a een ater re a07 0 Tridax bieolor oo 000.000. 319 DerTHE - setenGacnbhas 207 tennifolia 0000020 oo eee eee 319 brevistylia. 0 0... e. Bs microcephala .....--55+-- 319 mexicana |. ............ 7 Velwa........... Siieiey agus nnmeseee ede n01, 2 mnda........ 407 GlatGW 5 clei eee eee $21 a ee Tahar ap 7 kelloggii Siete eeeeencceesn eters ee ANU MFTICANMIN ooo ee 8 Wissalula pringlei hin ve bag eb eee ee he Pimpinelt yg. 2 eo weieit tavern arted ten des 3020 Aebrins biandra oo... eet $22, 324 io) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE U. S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Vol. III, No. 6. ISSUED JANUARY 15, 1896. BOTANY OF YAKUTAT BAY, ALASKA. By FREDERICK VERNON COVILLE. WITH A FIELD REPORT By FREDERICK FUNSTON. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1895. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF BOTANY, . Washington, D. C., August 21, 1895. Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for publication as Vol- ume III, No, 6, of Contributions from the United States National Her- barium, a manuscript entitled “ Botany of Yakutat Bay, Alaska.” This paper constitutes a report on the botany of one of the obscure parts of our country, and is a result of the explorations of a field agent of this Department, Mr. Frederick Funston, during the summer of 1892. Respectfully, FREDERICK V. CoVILLE, Botanist. Hon. J. STERLING Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page, I. Field report. By Frederick Funston.........0..0.000ceeeee scenes cee ceee 325 Il. Botanical report. By Frederick Vernon Coville........-.----++-----+ 00+: 334 dntroductory notewsces: caescecetaoe ee essen tetaneGs ns eed ecctee teas 334 Catalogue Of SeCi0S xcn.csnnitnlivetoenese leer elnudeetste stat enceciee 335 ALISt OF (SPOCIMIONAsaccee teases casts cack wins es exewew enone eke tae acee 352 BOTANY OF YAKUTAT BAY, ALASKA. 1.—FIELD REPORT. By FREDERICK FUNSTON. In accordance with my commission and letter of instructions to pro- ceed to Yakutat Bay, Alaska, and make a collection of the plants of that vicinity, I took passage from San Francisco on the Coast Survey steamer Hassler, having purchased a camp outfit and hired a laborer to accompany me on the trip as cook and general camp employee. The Hassler sailed April 16, 1892, and on her way north touched at Port Townsend, Victoria, Departure Bay, Port Simpson, and Sitka, arriving at Yakutat Bay May 19, after a voyage of thirty-three days. On the night following our arrival there arose a heavy southeasterly wind, accompanied by rain, which continued with great violence for five days; so that it was not until May 25 that I was able to establish my camp on shore. In order to have some place suitable for storing supplies and caring for specimens, I rented from the natives a house situated in the smaller of their two villages, on Khantaak Island; the larger village being on the mainland, distant about a mile. The Indians, of whom about two hundred live in the vicinity of Yakutat Bay, belong to the Thlinket tribe and are uncivilized, though apparently well disposed toward white people who come among them. They live in rude houses of their own construction, and subsist mostly on fish, both fresh and smoked, shellfish, crabs, and other marine ani- mals, besides the flesh and oil of the hair seal. Seal oil seems to be their staff of life, as it is eaten with nearly ali kinds of food, both ani- mal and vegetable. During the summer season the Indians use large quantities of berries, and also utilize several edible plants, to be men- tioned hereafter. Immediately on establishing my camp I began the work of collecting, though at this season but few plants were in flower. I endeavored to obtain twenty sheets of dried specimens of each species, but in some cases only a partial series could be secured on account of the searcity of the plant. The drying papers were changed two or three times every day and dried by hand over a fire before they were returned to the presses, this work being rendered necessary by the great humidity of the atmosphere and the almost daily rains. During the season about 10 cords of wood were used in keeping up these fires. 325 326 Yakutat Bay and the land in its immediate vicinity may be briefly described as follows: The bay, which lies approximately in latitude 60° N. and longitude 140° W., not only extends through the narrow strip of lowland separating the St. Elias range of mountains from the ocean, but also penetrates the range itself for a considerable distance. Its width at the entrance, between Ocean Cape on the east and Point Manby on the west, 1s about 20 miles, and its length, from the capes to the entrance of Disenchantment Bay, about 30 miles. The latter pay is merely an extension of Yakutat Bay, and lies wholly within the St. Khas range, being walled in by tremendous mountains rising from the yater’s edge. Its length is about 25 miles, and its width from 3 to 5 miles. Great glaciers composed of pure ice several hundred feet in thickness extend down to the water and throw off large numbers of icebergs, which crowd the waters of the bay at all times and are carried by the tides into Yakutat Bay, lining its western shore as far as Point Manby, the prevailing southeasterly winds holding them against this shore. The largest of the glaciers on Disenchantment Bay are the Hubbard and Dalton, the former having a frontage on the water of 6 miles and the latter of 2 miles, and each being about 15 miles long. Beginning again at the entrance of Yakutat Bay, and following its eastern shore line from Ocean Cape to the foothills of the St. Elias range, a distance of about 20 miles, the surface of the country is gener- ally level, though in some places there are hills 50 feet high. About 2 miles from Ocean Cape the Ankow River, a sluggish stream a hundred yards wide, empties into the bay. The Ankow has not been explored, but the Indians give its length as about 20 miles. As the country through which it flows has but little elevation above the sea, the waters of this river are extremely brackish as far as 7 miles from its mouth, being affected by the sea water at high tide. Between the mouth of the Ankow and the foothills of the mountains a number of small tresh- yater streams reach the waters of the bay. After the foothills of the range are reached the entire surface of the country undergoes a radi- cal change, becoming extremely broken and mountainous, with numer- ous very rapid streams, In this region there is very little level land, the mountains generally rising from the beach to far above the line of perpetual snow. The most conspicuous peak in this locality is Monnt Tebenkof, elevation unknown. Proceeding farther north, up the bay, the mountains become more precipitous and the snow line gradually comes nearer to sea level, untilat the entrance to Disenchantment Bay the country has a decidely Arctic character, It is on this latter bay that the great glaciers appear, and in some sheltered canyons snow is found at sea level even in midsummer. Crossing the upper end of Yakutat Bay to the west side, near the mouth of Dalton Creek, the country is generally level, sloping gradually upward toward the moun- tains. In this vicinity a number of wide gravel washes, cut up by numerous small streams, come down from the neighboring mountains, 327 From the mouth of Dalton Creek to Point Manby, a distance of 30 miles, the narrow strip of land, less than a mile wide, lying between the beach and the edge of the Malaspina Glacier, is a succession of sand dunes near the beach and of gravel ridges near the glacier, with here and there small streams formed by the melting of the glacier ice. On the eastern side of Yakutat Bay areabout a dozen small islands, ranging in size from Khantaak, 7 miles long, to some less than an acre in extent. During the first three weeks following my arrival, I collected on Khan- taak Island and on the adjacent mainland from the Mission to Ocean Cape, and also took a canoe trip to Mr. MeGrath’s! camp, on the oppo- site side of the bay near Point Manby, a distance of 20 miles, but found little here that I had not already collected. Several days of the latter part of June were spent on a trip by sea to the base of Mount Teben- kof, a distance of 18 miles, but the weather was such that little was accomplished. south and the Harney Range to the north. Geologically they are made up of two formations. The southern partis an expansion of the so-called “Race Track” produced by the outcropping of the Red Beds, which is here wider than in any other part of the Hills.!. As the vegetation nowhere fully covers the ground the whole landscape receives a pecul- iar reddish color. In the northern part the underlying carboniferous limestone comes to the surface. As the strata are lying comparatively undisturbed in their natural relation, the surface is less rugged than in other parts of the Black Hills, and there is here little difference in surface condition between the limestone formation and the Red Beds south of it, except in the color of the soil. The Minnekahta Plains are crossed by the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad from a few miles south of the Minnekahta station to Pringle, where the road enters the mountain range. The plains are covered with grass and are mostly used as pastures, but part is under cultivation, The region seems to suffer somewhat from drought. I collected there in August, but found very little of interest. Woody plants were searce. On the hills grew some pines, dwarf sumaes or skunk brush, and sand cherries; in the draws some box elders, cotton- woods, gooseberries, and plums. Among herbs of interest there oc- curred two stragglers from the South, viz: Asclepias verticillata pumila, and Acerates auriculata, and the following were abundant on the rail- road embankment: Amaranthus blitoides. Solanum triflorum. Setaria viridis. Saponaria vaccaria, Beside the common upland grasses, a few of special interest were collected, viz: Poa fendleriana, Sporobolus heterolepis, Danthonia spi- cata. The first is of a more western range and the others are from the Kast. All three were found in the neighborhood of Pringle. Other- wise the flora was much the same as in the foothills. 1On the east side it is narrow and its tlora does not differ from that of the foothills. 473 HARNEY MOUNTAIN RANGE. The only really mountainous part of the Black Hills is between Pringle and Hill City, on the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad. Espe- cially is the Harney Range, between Custer and the latter place, of a truly mountainous character. This district is a series of high, naked cliffs and crags, rising from 500 to 1,000 meters over the valleys, inter- mixed with smaller hills. The looser slates and schists of the Archean age have worn and washed away, leaving the harder granite rocks standing out as gigantic prongs of the most fantastic Shapes. In many cases the streams have hollowed out deep ravines and gulches. Where the granite rocks are less common broad valleys liave been formed, which are often called “ parks.” The most important are Custer Park around the upper part of French Creek, Dodge Park around the heads of Red Canyon Creek, and Elk Prairie on the Upper Spring Creek. The hills and the sides of the mountains are covered with woods, the valleys are open, rich grass lands, here and there under cultivation. The principal tree is the Rocky Mountain yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa scopulorum), the only tree that grows abundantly enough to make a forest. Lumbermen distinguish two varieties, in which | could see only individual variation. On the north side of the mountains, and even on the south side of the Harney Mountains at an elevation of about 900 ineters above the level of French Creek and between 540 and 580 meters above the sea, there is also found spruce, but not, as one would expect, any of the Rocky Mountain species. It is the northern white spruce (Picea canadensis). But how did it come to the Hills? The pines have probably come from the west, from the Rockies, over the Big Horn or the Laramie mountains, and the hills of Wyoming. The deciduous trees have crept up the tributaries of the Cheyenne River. The spruce, which grows only in the highest part of the Iills eould not have done either. The nearest point in the Rockies trom whieh J have seen the white spruce reported is about 100 miles farther north and 400 or 500 niles farther west, viz, in the valley of Blackfoot River in western Mon- tana. There are no high mountains north of the Black Hills, and the Spruce apparently is not found growing anywhere else in the Dakotas or eastern Montana. Neither does it grow in the two mountain ranges named above nor in the Yellowstone National Park. It must have come to the Black Hills in prehistoric times, when Dakota had a colder climate and the woods extended over the plains, or else seeds must have been brought there by migratory birds. The juniper, a nearly prostrate form _ of Juniperus communis, is common on the knolls, but the red cedar J. virginiana is very rare, | saw only two stunted shrubs on the Buck- - horn Mountains near Custer. Of the deciduous trees there are: Betula papyracea, canoe birch, Salix bebbiana, willow. Betula occidentalis, western black Salix discolor, willow. birch. Salix cordata, willow. Populus tremuloides, quaking aspen. 13144—No, 8 2 , AT4 Farther down along Squaw Creek occurred : Quercus macrocarpa, bur oak. Ulmus americana, white elm. Among shrubby plants may be mentioned: Cornus stolonifera, dogwood. Amelanchier alnifolia, juneberry. Ribes setosum, gooseberry. Corylus rostrata, hazel, Ribes oxycanthoides, gooseberry. Opulaster opulifolius, nine-bark Ribes cereum, squaw currant. Opulaster monogynus, nine-bark, Ribes lacustre, swamp currant, Shepherdia canadensis, Canadian Shepherdia, The known range of the following Rocky Mountain plants is extended by their discovery*in the Black Hills on this trip: Actewa spicata arguta. Aster sibiricus. Viola canina adunca. Arnica alpina, Epilobium paniculatum. Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata. Epilobium drummondii. Myosotis sylvatica, Dodecatheon pauciflorum. Walfenia rubra. Aconitum fischeri. Astragalus aboriginum glabriuseulus, Leucocrinum montanum. TTelianthemum majus. Arenaria verna hirta. Of eastern or northeastern plants colleeted in this region may be mentioned : Viola palustris. Hypericum canadense. Viola blanda, Telragonanthus deflexus. Lobelia spicata hirtella, Fragaria virginiana. Stachys aspera. Solidago erecta? The most remarkable “find,” however, was that of the true Aquilegia brevistyla in the United States. The Rocky Mountain plant, so named, proves to be a distinct species and has received the name A. savimon- tana. As I have said before, the valleys are rich grass land. Even the dryer ones furnish a good pasture and along the water courses are excellent hay lands. One of the men accompanying the geological sur- vey under Jenney, named “California Joe,” expressed himself, “There’s gold from the grass roots down but there’s more gold from the grass roots up.” Around Custer, the place to which the first great rush of gold hunters was directed, stock raising or farming seems to be more profitable than gold digging. In a meadow near French Creek the grass stood 1 meter high, The most common grasses were: Panicularia nervata, Calamagrostis canadensis. Agrostis alba. Calamagrostis dubia. Poa nemoralis, Agropyron repens glaucum., Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus. In a slough I found Spartina cynosuroides, Beckmannia eruceformis, and Panicularia americana. Ina glen below Sylvan Lake were found A475 two eastern grasses, Oryzopsis juncea and O. asperifolia. Near the railroad occurred two forms of Poa nevadensis, and Bromus pumpillia- nus, both of a more western range. On a wooded hill, together with the three common Stipas, S. spartea, S. comata, and 8. viridula, grew a fourth, 8S. richardsonii, of a more western range, and also Danthonia spicata, from the East. But the most peculiar feature of this region is the damp atmosphere. The Harney Range differs in that respect from the Northern Hills. On account of this dampness, and differently from mountain regions in general, the Harney Range abounds in lichens, liverworts, mosses, and ferns, especially on the north side of the crags, where the rocks in many places are literally covered by lichens and the base and crevices lined by mosses and ferns. The lichens and mosses were collected only inci- dentally, but a good collection of ferns was made. My list contains the following from this region: Polypodium vulgare. Pteris aquilina, Asplenium trichomanes. Asplenium septentrionale. Asplenium filix-fumina, Dryopteris filix-mas. Phegopteris dryopteris. Cystopteris fragilis, Woodsia oregana. Woodsia scopulina., Botrychium matricariofolium? Selaginella rupestris. Polypodium vulgare rotundatum., LIMESTONE DISTRICT. The Limestone District is a high table-land, running from south to north, on the Wyoming line. It is separated from the Harney Range and the other hills by a valley. This table-land is the watershed of the Black Hills, giving rise to Spearfish, Rapid, French, and Red Canyon creeks on the east side, and Red Water, Inyankara, and Beaver creeks. on the west side. The plateau is 1,800 to 2,000 meters high, the highest point, Crooks Tower, being, next to Harney Peak, the highest in the hills. The surface is made up of pine-covered ridges running north and south. The valleys between these ridges are composed of excellent hay land. The region resembles much some parts of Sweden. The pine-covered hills were here, so also the meadows with the knee-deep grass, and the flowers were in greater profusion and greater variety of color than I have seen elsewhere in America. The Swedish species were seldom present, but they had their counterparts: Hieracium, Scorzonera, and Hypocheris were matched by Rudbeckia hirta, Gaillardia aristata, and Helianthus maxvimiliani; Lathyrus and Vieta by Lupinus parviflorus and LL, sericeus; Geranium sylvaticum by Geranium richard- soniit; Chrysanthemum leucanthemum by Aster ptarmicoides; and Sol- idago virgaurea by Solidago missouriensis, In the border of the woods the same old Epilobium angustifolium presented itself, The only trees seen in the district were the pine and the quaking aspen. 31 476 Of shrubs were observed: Salix bebbiana. Salix discolor, Ribes cereum. Juniperus communis. Shepherdia canadensis. Eleagnus argentea Ceanothus fendleri. The Ceanothus has hitherto been reported only from southern Colo- rado and southward. Other remarkable plants were: Epilobium hornemanii, Balsamorhiza sagittata, Helianthella quinquenervis. Frasera speciosa. Astragalus convallarius. Epilobium drummondit. Pellva breweri. Lupinus sericens, all from a more western or southern range. To me this region looked as promising as any in the Black Hills for agricultural purposes. - As said before, the valleys were excellent hay lands. The grasses were about the same as those around Custer. The dryer valleys and the woods would furnish enough of summer pasture. During the winter the stock must be fed with hay as the snowfall is very heavy. Sometime after I had visited the region I heard that this was the principal reason why many of the squatters had left the region. The soil was a black loam containing a considerable amount of Hive, the valleys were less rough than those of the parks of the preceding region and could easily be made into fields. NORTHERN ILLS. The Northern Hills, notwithstanding their great height, look more like hills than mountains. Even the highest, as Terrys Peak, Custers Peak, etc., are covered with woods to the top. The larger part of the region is the northern half of the Archean formation. As said before this is composed of comparatively soft slates and schists. The rivers have worn out deep canyons, many volcanic eruptions have thrown up cones of igneous rocks, and the remainders here and there of the broken strata of Potsdam sandstone and Carboniferous limestone make the country more uneven. The woody flora resembles that of the Harney Range, but the pine is more predominant. The elm is lacking in this region and the oak is confined to the foothills and neighboring canyons, The following shrubs and climbers may be added. Ceanothus ovatus. Viburnum lentago. Potentilla fruticosa, Lonicera hirsuta qlaucescens. Vitis vulpina. Parthenocissus quinquefolia, The whole region seems to have been one large pine forest; but now large tracts are made bare by the ravages of lumbermen, mining com- panies, fire, aud cyclones, nothing being left but stumps, fallen logs, and the underbrush. The second forest will consist of deciduous trees, as aspen, willows, bireh, and cherry. The mining resources of the Hills, especially around Lead City and Deadwood, are well known. The ATT Black Hills and Fort Pierre Railroad was built by the Homestake Mining Company, principally for the purpose of transporting wood and lumber to their mines and stamp mills, and other roads have been built by other companies. Sawmills are scattered all over the Hills, and it will be no wonder if in a short time the dark pine forest is gone and the name “ Black Hills” has become meaningless. The valleys of this region are very narrow, and in that small part in which I collected, little of their natural condition was left. The Elk Canyon in many places was just wide enough to give room for the creek and the railroad. The nearly perpendicular sides were as much as 200 to 300 meters high. Around Lead City and Deadwood railroads and wagon roads wind through the narrow valleys, and the small patches of grass left are well cropped down by the town cows. At Rochford only I found a good meadow, The grasses were the same as in the other regions of the hills, but the blue grasses were more common. The following grasses may be mentioned as of special interest: Oryzopsis micrantha. Avena striata, Bromus pumpellianus. Elymus dasystachys. from Elk Canyon. Calamagrostis sylvatica americana, Agropyron violaceum majus. Panicum depauperatum. Festuca ovina, from the neighborhood of Lead City. The Northern Hills, especially the canyons, contain more Eastern as well as Western plants than any other part of the hills. Among those not given in Coulter’s Manual, which is supposed to cover all the terri- tory west of the one hundredth meridian, are: Viola scabriuscula. Polygala senega latifolia. Lathyrus ochroleucus. Naumburgia thyrsifiora. Tetragonanthus deflexus. Lappula deflera americana, Lappula virginiana. Of Western plants were found: Thalictrum occidentale. Thalictrum venulosum. Claytonia perfoliata amplectens. Lupinus parviflorus, Lupinus sericeus (2). Spirewa cespitosa. Potentilla glandulosa. Heuchera parvifolia. Epilobium drummondii. Osmorrhiza nuda. Arnica cordifolia. Arnica alpina. Hieracium fendleri, Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum. Frasera speciosa. Mertensia sibirica. Mimulus luteus. Calochortus qunnisont. Potentilla humifusa, Lesquerella spatulata. Among the most interesting finds was a patch of caraway, Carwm earui, Which I found in the wilderness 3 or 4 miles north of Deadwood, Perhaps some German or Scandinavian gold hunter had happened to drop a piece of old country cheese spiced with the customary caraway seed, and hence the patch. 478 GENERAL REMARKS. From the foregoing can be seen what a varied flora the Black Hills have. There are found plants from the East, from the Saskatchewan region, from the prairies and table-lands west of the Missouri River, from the Rocky Mountains, and even from the region west thereof. In the foothills and the lower parts of the Hills proper the tlora is essen- tially the same as that of the surrounding plains, with an addition of Kastern plants which have ascended the streams. In the higher parts the flora is more of a Northern origin. Most of the plants composing it are of a more or less transcontinental distribution but often character. istic of a higher latitude. Some can be said to belong’ to the Rocky Mountain region. The only trees of Western origin are Pinus ponderosa scopulorum, and Betula occidentalis; the others are Eastern or transeon- tinental. The flora resembles therefore more that of the region around the Great Lakes than that of the Rockies. The collection contains a little over 700 Phienogams and Fernworts. This is certainly far from all that grow in the region. A few more known to occur in the Black Hills could have been added to the list, as for instance, MVentzelia oligosperma and Ilysanthes gratioloides, col- lected by Mr. A. F. Woods; Onoclea sensibilis and Aster salsuginosus, by Prof. T. A. Williams; Fritillaria linearis, by Miss Pratt, of Piedmont; and Sorbus sambucifolia, by Mr. Runkel, the owner of the sawmills at Runkels. Viburnum prunifolium was also reported by a physician of Custer, but perhaps V. lentago was mistaken for it. A squatter told me that he had cut hickory poles on the Squaw Creek, a statement which seems doubtful. Jenney, in his report on the Geological Survey of the Black Hills, reports the black spruce and mulberry as growing in the hills. The former probably was confounded with the white spruce, and the occurrence of the latter needs verification. To the following botanists acknowledgements are due for help in the determination of the species. The Carices have been determined by Prof. L. Hl. Bailey, the genera Epilobium and Gayophytum by Dr. William Trelease, Polygonum by Mr. J. K. Small, Salix by Mr. M. 8. Bebb. The determinations of Juncacew, Graminew, and Umbelliferve have been verified by Mr. l'rederick V. Coville, Prof. . Lamson-Serib- ner, and Mr. J. N. Rose, who have also made a few corrections where needed. The desciption of Poa pseudopratensis is drawn by Professor Scribner. In the identification of the collection, the plants have been compared with specimens in the National Herbarium and the herbarium of the University of Nebraska. Thanks are also due to Prof. N. L. Britton, of Columbia College, and Prot. John Macoun, of Ottawa, Canada, for the loan of specimens for comparison. ! 'The acknowledgments expressed, p, 148 of this volume, footnote 1, are also here renewed, 479 CATALOGUE OF SPECIES. RANUNCULACES. Clematis scottii Porter; Port. & Coult. Fl. Col. 1 (1874). The specimens in this collection are like those collected by Dr. Scoville in Colo- rado, but not like those obtained by Lemmon in Arizona, which undoubtedly belong toadistinct species. Coulter, in the Manual of the Rocky Mountain Region, describes the sepals as less hairy than those of C. douglasii. In mine they are fully as hairy, but thicker and shorter. On hillsides near Hot Springs, altitude 1,060 m., June 1,17; in fruit, August 2 (No. 481). Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 9 (1838). In canyons among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 482). A form with large (5 to 7 em. long) and dullish leatlets and very long (15 to 22 em.) and slender peduncles, was collected on the very steep sides of Hot Springs Canyon, near the Chautauqua grounds, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 483). Clematis alpina tenuiloba (Gray). Gray ‘ makes this a subvariety of C, alpina occidentalis Gray, which is described as having smooth achenes. In my specimens they are silky. The plant further differs from C. alpina ochotensis or occidentalis in having more delicate stems, smaller and more lobed leaves with more rounded lobes and sinuses, and longer, lanceolate sepals. This plant has been collected also by Dr. Chas, KE, Bessey at Manitou, Colo. It was sold in albums of Black Hills flowers at Deadwood under the name of C, douglasii. Perhaps the silkiness of the achenes was the cause of this error. Here and there in canyons, in the Black Hills proper, near Piedmont, altitude 1,200 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Bull Springs, in the Limestone District west of Custer, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 484). Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh) Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. vi, 217 (1891); Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. i, 3885 (1814). Common in the Hills: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 28, 31, June 4 (No. 485). Anemone multifida Poir. inecyl. Suppl. i, 364 (1810). Not uncommon in the Northern Hills: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,800 1m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 n., July 11 (No. 486). Anemone cylindrica Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii, 221 (1836). In the Northern Hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 21; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11 (No. 487). Several of the plants have some of the peduncles with secondary involucres. In a few specimens from Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29, the divisions are also broad, and the plants can not be distinguished from A, virginiana, except by the very short style (No, 488). Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. PI. i, 546 (1753). In canyons, among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 18; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 489). Thalictrum occidentale Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. viii, 372 (1872). The specimens are rather too young for identification. None were seen in fruit, as I was not in the locality of the plant except in the early part of the summer. The foliage is very like that of 7. occidentale, and the plant agrees well with the descrip- tion of that species. If the determination is correct, the range of 7. occidentale is extended far east. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 490). Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxiii, 302 (1886). This is 7. dioicum L., of Newton & Jenney’s Report.? The only specimens in fruit seem to be typical. They were collected near Bull ‘In Newton & Jenney, Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 531 (1880). 2 Loe. cit., p. 532, A80 Springs, altitude 1,000 m., July 27. Younger specimens from Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 29, have sonfewhat larger and thinner leaves (No. 491). Batrachium divaricatum (Schrank) Wimm. Fl. Schles, 10 (1841); Ranuneulus divari- catus Schrank, Baier. Il. ii, 104 (1789). The specimens resemble those of my Nebraska collections, except that the pedun- cles are much shorter. In brooks: Beaver Creek, near Buttalo Gap, altitude 975 m., June 21; Rapid Creek, above Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Elk Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No, 492). Cyrtorhyncha cymbalaria (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr, Club, v, 161 (1894); Ran- unculus cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. i, 392 (1814).! Around springs; common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June LO (No, 493), Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. I'l. Bor. Amer. i, 14 (1829). This is not included in Coulter’s Manual. The range is hence extended westward. The petals in my specimen are broadly ovate, large, bright yellow, the sepals very pubescent. Custer, altitude 1,625 m., June 4; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 494). Ranunculus ovalis Raf. Proc. Dec. 36 (1814). Not uncommon in shady places: Custer, altitude 1,625 m., May 28. Some speci- mens resemble somewhat the preceding species in size and habit, but the petals are oblong-rhombie (No. 495). Ranunculus abortivus L. Sp. Pl. i, 551 (1753). All specimens collected in the Hills are very slender and with thin leaves. This is especially the case with those from Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 496), Those from Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 29 (No, 497), are more stout and approach the ordinary form, Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. Pl. i, 551 (1753). In and near streams: Piedmont, altitude 1,000 m., June 27; Elk Creek, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 498). Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. Suppl. 272 (1781). Wet places; common: Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15 (No. 499). Ranunculus macounii Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. xii, 3 (1892). Hooker, in the Flora Boreali-Americana, describes his R, hispidus as being erect. Dr. Britton, loc. cit., says: “This is a spreading or trailing species, not stoloniferous as far as I know.” As far as Ican judge, there are two forms of this species; one, generally ascending, but sometimes erect, sometimes even spreading, the other widely trailing and stolonifer- ous, All the specimens from the Black Hills were of the former character, and may be regarded as the typical [. macounii, as they answer best the description of R. hispidus Hooker, on which R&R. macounii was based, Very common throughout the Black Hills: Hot Springs. altitude 1,050 m., June 15; Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Lead City, altitude 1,500 m,, July 6 (No. 500). Aquilegia canadensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 533 (1753). Common: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 501), Aquilegia canadensis formosa (lisch.) Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. xii, 55 (1860); Aqui- legia formosa Fisch. ; DC. Prodr. i, 50 (1824), This seems to grade into the preceding, from which it differs in the shorter spur and longer sepals, which are about twice the length of the petals. In my specimens the leaves are larger and more glaucous. Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 502). ‘See remarks on the synonomy of this species, this volume, p. 148 (1895). PLATE XVIII. Contr. Nat. Herb, Vol. Ill. AQUILEGIA BREVISTYLA Hook, r A81 Aquilegia brevistyla Hook. I'l. Bor. Amer. i, 24 (1829). Pi. XVIII. This plant is very rare in the United States. Unless the locality given in the sixth edition of Gray’s Manual! belongs to this plant, the station given below, as far as I know, is the first one recorded in the country, All specimens I have seen from the Rocky Mountains belong to another species, which Ihave named A. saximontana.’ The original description of 4. brevistyla is as follows: ‘Subpubescens, calcaribus ineurvis limbo brevioribus, stylis brevioribus inclusis, staminibus corolla subre- vioribus.” To this Hooker adds, in smaller type: ‘ Caulis foliaque fere omnino ut in A, vulgare. Flores duplo minores, cxerulei plerumaque pubescentes.” “Pistilla 5, - Germina lineari-cylindracea, pubescentia, in stylis apice leniter recurvis sensim attenuata, staminibus brevioribus. Capsule 5, unciam long, in stylo brevi vix duas lineas longo terminate.” This description does not fit the Rocky Mountain plant, as in it neither the stem nor the flower nor the capsule is pubescent, but the plant is perfectly smooth. Neither does the stem nor the leaves resemble those of 4. vulgaris. The Rocky Moun- tain plant is more or less cespitose, with many low (1 to 2 dm. high) stems from the caudex, which is covered with old leafstalks. In 4. vulgaris the stem is tall (4 to 10 dm. or more high) and simple. The leaves are of a firm texture in the latter, the root leaves long-petioled and twice-ternate, the stem leaves on short petioles or sub- sessile, often simply ternate or simple and 8-lobed, In the Rocky Mountain plant the leaves are thin, all slender-petioled and twice ternate, the upper, however, some- times reduced, The plants of my collection and specimens of .1. brevistyla from western British America very much resemble 4, vulgaris, but differ in their shorter styles, the smaller size of the flowers, and the form of the corolla, In 4, vulgaris the limb is truncate or retuse, much shorter than the spur, and generally shorter than the stamens. In 4. brevistyla the limb is oblong, truncate, longer than the short spur and the stamens. The corolla, peduncles, upper part of the stem, and the capsules are in the specimens mentioned, as they should be according to the original description, viz, pubescent. In nearly all the literature in this country in which A. brevistyla is mentioned, the reference is to A. sarimontana instead. Torrey & Gray’s Flora isan exception, Here the description is essentially the same asin Hooker's Flora. In both the distribution of the species is given as ‘‘ Western part of Canada, as far north as Bear Lake,” Gray’s Mannal, sixth edition, perhaps includes both. All the other descriptions I have seen refer to the Rocky Mountain plant. The best one is given by Marcus E, Jones.> This [shall use as the basis for my description of 1. sarimontana, adding such characters as will better show the distinction between this and A. brevistyla, Even a comparison between Jones’s description (or Porter’s in Flora of Colorado, or Coulter’s in Manual of Rocky Mountain Region), and the original one in Hooker’s Flora will show that they are drawn from different plants. * 1 Gray, Man. ed. 6, 46 (1890). 2See page 482, in footnote. 3 Zoe, iv, 258, October, 1893. +The North American species of Aquilegia with curved spur may be disposed in the following way: A. Stem 4 lo 10 din. high. a. Style in fruit more than 7 cm. long. A. vu“Garis L. Sp. Pl. i, 998 (1753). Limb of the corolla shorter than the spur and the stamens; flowers blue, red, or white. Escaped from gardens. A. FLAVESCENS Wats. Bot. King, Sury. y, 10 (1811). Limb of the corolla of the length of the spur but shorter than the stamens; 482 On dark, wooded hillsides; rare: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Oreville, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 503). Delphinium bicolor Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 33 (1838). Variable. In the collection there are three forms, which probably belong here. One is4 to6dm, high, with most leaves near the base, more or less glandular-pubescent throughout, even to the pods. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 8, Aug. 1 (No. 504), Another form is like this, but perfectly smooth and with thinner sepals; in some specimens the flowers are purplish pink, Runkels, altitude 1,300m., June 30 (No. 505). The third is a tall form 7 to 10 din. high, glandular-pubescent, and with broader, more pointed divisions to the leaves. It is the same as I). menziesii utahense Wats.! Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1205). Aconitum fischeri Reich. Monogr. Gen. Acon. i, 22 (1820). . The common American form is a tall plant, generally 1 to 1.5m. high, robust, pubes- cent, and viscid. The divisions of the leaves in my specimens, as well as in some corolla yellowish, sometimes tinged with red or blue. See M. E. Jones, loc. cit. In the Wasatch Mountains from Utah to British America. b. Style in fruit 5 to 7 mm. long. A. BREVISTYLA Hook, Fl, Bor. Amer. i, 24 (1829); Torr. & Gr. FI, i, 30; Walp. Rep. i, 51, ete. (Some of the other references in Wats. Bibl. Index, p. 6, may belong here, as 4. vulgaris? Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 740). Stem 4 to 10 dm. high, simple, pubescent, or glandular above, especially on the peduncles and flowers; root leaves 2-ternate on stout petioles; stem leaves diminish- ing upward, often ternate and short-petioled or the upper simple, 3-lobed and sessile; pedicels stout and recurved; sepals blue, acute; limb of the petals yellow- ish white, longer than the blue, curved spur and the stamens; ovary pubescent; pod 2 to 2.5 cm. long, reticulate and glandular-pubescent. Western Canada, Red River Valley (?), and the Black Hills. Specimens seen: Canada, Morley (Albertina), 1885, John Macoun; McKenzie River, Louis Anderson; South Dakota, No. 503 of this collection. B. Stem 0.5 to 2 dm, high, subcespitose. a. Style in fruit about 0.5 cm, long. A. SAXIMONTANA Rydberg; Gray, Syn. FI. i, pt. 1, 43 (1895); 4. vulgaris brevistyla Gray, Amer, Journ, Sei. ser. 2, xxxiii, 410, and Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 57 (1863), name only; Porter, Port. & Coult. I'l. Col. 4 (1874), description; 4. brevistyla Coulter, Man. Rock. Mount. Reg. 10 (1885); Jones, Zoe, iv, 258 (1893). PL. XIX. Stem 1 to 2 dm. high, densely tufted, scarcely exceeding the leaves, perfectly smooth; leaves twice-ternate, all on slender petioles thin, the upper a little smaller ; leaflets 8 to 15 mm, long, with long petiolules, pedicels slender, upright; sepals greenish and obtuse or blue and acute; limb of the petals yellow, longer than the blue, curved spur, and the stamens and pistils; ovary smooth; pod 1.5 to 2 cm., smooth, Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Specimens examined: Colorado, Dr. James (labeled A. ewrulea, var, ?); 1861, C.C. Parry, No. 90; 1862, Hall & Harbour, No. 23; 1869, Sco- ville; Argentine Pass, 1878, M. E. Jones, No. 875; Gray’s Peak, 1895, P. A. Rydberg and C. L. Shear. b. Style in fruit about 1 em. long. A. JONEsII Parry, Amer. Nat. no, 8, 211. Cespitose, 0.5 to 1 dm. high; leaflets about 0.5 em. long, nearly sessile; spur nearly straight. Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Montana. ! Bot. King. Surv. 112 (1871). Contr. Nat, Herb., Vol. II. PLATE XIX AQUILEGIA SAXIMONTANA Rydberg. 483 from Colorado and Wyoming, are much narrower than in those from the Pacific Slope. Near Terrys Peak, altitude 1,900 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No, 506). Specimens, collected among peat moss, below Sylvan Lake, 4 miles south-southwest from Harneys Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 507) are much smaller, 3 to 6 dm. high, slender, few-flowered, less pubescent, with finer lobes to the leaves and bluer flowers, the hoods of which are more semicircular in outline. Actza spicata rubra Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 221 (1789). Professor Greene regards this as specifically distinct from A. spicata. Perhaps it is so, but the characters pointed out which are to separate 4. spicata from A. rubra are not constant, at least in Scandinavian specimens of the former. Even the fruit is sometimes bright red in them. Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 508). Actza spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 63 (1856) ; Actwa arquta Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr, FI. i, 35 (1838). This often has the fruit white and much larger and more elongated than in the red- fruited variety. Perhaps they are distinct, but I could not find any other character that would separate them. Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., July 18; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 15 (No. 509). BERBERIDACEZ. Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Fl. i, 219 (1814); Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1176 (1828). Without doubt this is the original Berberis aquifolium Pursh, and Lindley made a mistake when he supposed that the name belonged to the taller species of the Colum- bia River basin. Lindley’s statement that Pursh’s drawing was made from Menzies’s plant, that is, the B. aquifolium! of Hooker and of Lindley, is evidently wrong, as Pursh does not cite Menzies as having collected it. The plate was made froma specimen of Lewis’s collection, and it as well as the description shows that the plant belongs to what has been known as BL. repens Lindley.? Sweet, in British Flower Gar- den, says: “ Mr. Lindley’s observations on B. aquifolium are wrong; the very speci- men figured by Pursh is now in his herbarium in Mr. Lambert’s collection; the name B, repens published in the Bot. Reg. must therefore be disused.” In canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 12; Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m., June 28 (No. 510). PAPAVERACE#. Argemone alba Lestib. Bot. Belg. ed. 2, iii, 183 (1799); 1. albiflora Hornem. Hort. Hafn. 489 (1813-15).3 In draws among the foothills. Hermosa, altitude 1,025 m., July 24; 15 miles east of Custer, altitude about 1,400 m., July 23 (No.511). FPUMARIACESA. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i, 14 (1891); Corydalis aurea Willd. Enum. 740 (1809). Rare: Elk Canyon, on the railroad embankment, altitude 1,200m., June 29 (No. 512), 'This must take the name Berberis nutkana (DC.) Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad. xiv, 29 (1894); Mahonia aquifolium nutkana DC. Syst. 11, 20 (1821). 2One leaflet in Pursh’s figure (tig. 1) may belong to B. aquifolium Hook.; at least this was Watson’s view. 3 See my notes, p. 149 of this volume. Mr, Prain has shown (.Journ, Bot, xxxiii, 329) that P. albiflora is antedated by P. alba. Both are based on specimens from the Southern States. Mr. Prain thinks that the plant of the Western plains is distinct, and names it 4. intermedia, I can not, however, find any constant character that will separate the two. 484 Capnoides curvisiliquum (Engelm,) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 14 (1891); Corydalis curvisiliqua Engeln.; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 62 (1867). This is not uncommon in the Black Hills: Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June 8; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 513). NYMPHAACES. Nymphea advena Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 226 (1789). Leaves of this spe. cies were seen in Rapid Creck, 6 miles above Rapid City, but no specimens were secured. CRUCIFPER. Draba carolinana micrantha (Nutt.) Gray, Man. ed. 5, 72 (1867); Draba micrantha Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 109 (1858). sarren hills, rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 15 (No, 514). Draba nemorosa L. Sp. P1. ii, 643 (1753), The specimens of this collection are pubescent even to the pods, and may belong to the variety hebecarpa Lind1., but the hairy form has been regarded, by De Candolle and others, as the typical ). nemorosa L. Early in the spring: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 1 (No. 515). Draba aurea Vahl. in Hornem, Fors. Dansk. Gicon. V1. ed. 2, 599 (1806). My specimens differ from the common form in being more slender, and in having entire, thin leaves, smaller, paler petals with more slender claw, and longer, decid- edly twisted pods. The peduncles and pedicels are ciliate and the sepals narrow. I took it for the variety stylosa. It resembles somewhat the original specimens of this, from Fendler’s collection; but the pods are much longer and the style shorter. I do not wish to give it a varietal name, as I have specimens from only one locality. In a shady place, at the foot of a high cliff, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 1n., July 18 (No, 516). Arabis glabra (l.) Bernh. Verz. Syst. Erf. 195 (1800); Turritis glabra L. Sp. P1. ii, 666 (1753). Rare: Along the railroad in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 517). Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, ii, 30 (1772); Turritis hirsuta L. Sp. P1. ii: 666 (1753). Common: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 30, June 3; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29. The specimens from the latter place are unusually slender (No. 518). Arabis holboellii Hornem. FI. Dan. xi, t. 1879 (1827). The flowers in my specimens are seldom reflexed; the pods are a little eurved and retlexed. Common: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 5; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 6 (No. 519). Arabis holbcellii retrofracta (Graham); Arabis retrofracta Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 344 (1829). The latter has generally been regarded as a synonym of 4. holbalii. There seem, however, to be two or three different forms of this species, one of which has more slender pods, which are perfectly straight, and smaller flowers. This agrees with the description of Vurritis retrofracta in Hooker’s Flora Boreali-Americana, Volume I, page 41. The root leaves are spatulate, petioled, the stem leaves sessile, lanceolate, with a hastate, half-clasping base. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 520). Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. viii, 62 (1889); Cleome pinnata Pursh, Fl. ii, 739 (1814). On prairie, 1 mile east of Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 18 (No, 521). 485 Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Syst. ii, 505 (1821); Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. ii, 69 (1818). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 23; Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 26 (No. 522). A form with slender, twisted pods was collected on the hills north of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 523). Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. Pl. ii, 661 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14; Rochford, altitude 1,050 m., July 11 (No. 524). Erysimum inconspicuum (Wats.) MacMillan, Metasp, Minn. Val. 268 (1892) ; Erysimum asperum inconspicuum Wats. Bot. King Sury. 24 (1871). This resembles very much F. virgatum Roth of Europe, and perhaps is only its American form. It was growing together with /. asperum and £. cheiranthoides, and in the field it seemed as if possibly it might be a hybrid of the two, In pubescence, color, and form of the flowers, and form of the pod it is more like /. asperum; the general habit is that of FL. cheiranthoides, and the size of the flowers intermediate between those of the two. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 525). Sisymbrium pinnatum ( Walt.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. ii, 390 (1887); Hrysimum pinnatum Walt. Fl. Car. 174 (1788). This is very variable. Some specimens are more or less canescent and have the seeds plainly in two rows (No. 526); others are smooth or, on the upper parts, glandular and have the seeds apparently in one row, characters that should belong to S. incisum Engelm. (No, 527). ‘The two were growing together at Hot Srpings, altitude 1,075 m., June L. Brassica alba (L.) Boiss. Voy. Espagne, ii, 259 (1839-45); Sinapis alba L. Sp. PI. ii, 668 (1753). Railroad embankment, Buffalo Gap, altitude 991 m., June 21 (No, 529). Brassica sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Espagne, ii, 39 (1839-45). Buffalo Gap, altitude 991 m., June 21 (No, 528). Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. Enum. 27 (1821) ; Sisymbrium amphibium palustre L. Sp. Pl. ii, 657 (1753). Rare in the region: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 26 (No, 530). Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club, iii, 5 (1898); Sisymbrium nas- turtium L. Sp. Pl. ii, 657 (1753). Fall River, near the Chautauqua grounds, above Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14 (No. 531). A form, very low, creeping, extensively rooting, with very fleshy leaves of 0 to 2 small pairs of leaflets and a larger, nearly orbicular, odd leaflet, and with short and thick pods, was growing in the warm springs, at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14 (No. 532). Lesquerella argentea arenosa (Richards.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xxili, 252 (1888) ; Vesicaria arenosa Richards. Bot. App. 743 (1823). ; There are no specimens of this variety in the National Herbarium, but I think it is this plant (which is illustrated by specimens in the Harvard Herbarium) that Dr. Watson had in view in his revision. The form of the leaves does not agree fully with the original description in the Appendix to Franklin’s Journal, being narrower and with entire margin. The figure of I’. arctica in Curtis's Botanical Magazine,! which, according to Watson, is the same as I’, arenosa Richards., is drawn from a young specimen, but resembles this much, although it seems to be a little stouter. My plant is densely stellate-pubescent, much branched from the perennial caudex ; radical leaves broadly spatulate or oblanceolate, often a little acutish; stem 1.5 dm. 1 Bot. Mag., lvi, t. 2882. 486 high; pod globose or a little elongated, stellate-pubescent with a long style, pedicels recurved as in L. ludoviciana, which it resembles, although it is more slender and more branched and has smaller pods. Hillside, Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 and August 3 (No. 533). Lesquerella spatulata sp. nov. Low and somewhat ciespitose; stems 3 to 10 em, high, subscapose; leaves all radi- cal, spatulate or oblanceolate, decurrent on the petiole; petals spatulate, yellow ; pods on recurved pedicels, ovate, only slightly compressed toward the apex, finely pubescent, 4-seeded; septum not perforate; style scarcely as long as the mature pod. ° Like the last in habit, but lower. The pod, however, is ovate, pointed, and slightly compressed toward the apex, about the length of the slender style but shorter than the pedicel, which is retlexed and then curved upward, The plant is somewhat intermediate between L. montana, the preceding species, and L. alpina. From L. montana it differs in its more slender habit, narrower leaves, and smaller pods; from L. alpina, in being much taller and in having broader leaves, less com- pressed pods, longer and recurved pedicels, and shorter style. In L. alpina the style is longer than the pod, the pedicels erect, and the septum perforated. . It differs from L. argentea arenosa in the form of the pod. Similar specimens were found in the Harvard Herbarium, viz, in C. C. Parry's collection of 1873 (No. 21) and in the collection of Jenney’s expedition, 1875. These were referred to L. alpina by Dr. Watson. In the Columbia College herbarium there are the following specimens: H. J. Webber, from Belmont, Nebraska, 1889; Dawson, Milk River, N. W. T., 1883. Dry hilltop, north of Deadwood, altitude 1,600 m., July 5 (No. 534), Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. i, 18 (1762); Wyagraum sativum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 641 (1753). Introduced: Railroad embankment above Custer, altitude 1,700 a., July 15 (No. 535). Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Weber in Wigy. Prim. Fl, Holst. 41 (1780); Thlaspi bur- sapastoris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 647 (1753). The common form was collected in yards at Custer, altitude 1,625 m., June 4 (No. 536). The so-called variety integrifolia, that is, the form with entire leaves, was collected on a hillside near Central City, altitude 1,700 m., July 3 (No.587), A delicate form was found with finely pinnatifid leaves; the divisions oblong, sometimes sinuately toothed; pods (immature) broadly oval, sometimes truncate, but not at all triangular. The general appearance reminds one somewhat of Tees- dalia nudicaulis. Hillside, south of Custer, altitude 1,625 m., May 28 (No. 538). Lepidium incisum Roth, Neue Beitr. i, 224 (1802). Rare in the Black Hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 16 (No. 539). CAPPARIDACEA. Jacksonia trachysperma (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 175 (1890); Polanisia trachysperma Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 669 (1840). Draws among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 540). Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. ii, 441 (1814). Draws among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 541). CISTACE. Helianthemum majus (L.) B. 8. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 6 (1888); Lechea major L. Sp. Pl. i, 90 (1753); Helianthemum canadense walkerw Evans, Bot. Gaz. xv, 211 (1890). The only locality hitherto recorded for this form is the original one in Douglas County, Colorado. Roadside, east of Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No, 542). 487 VIOLACEA. Viola pedatifida Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. i, 320 (18381). Valley: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4 (No, 548). Viola obliqua Hill, Hort. Kew. 516, t. 12 (1769); Viola palmata obliqua (Hill) Hitchcock, Trans. St. Louis Acad. v, 487 (1891); I’. eucullata Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 288 (1789), Low grounds: Ruby Gulch, near Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 31 (No. 544). Viola palustris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 954 (1753). Only four specimens in fruit were collected. These have larger and thinner leaves than usual, resembling somewhat those of the Alaskan I’. langsdorfii. Sylvan Lake, 6 miles northeast of Custer and 4 miles from Harneys Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 20 (No, 545), Viola blanda Willd., Hort. Berol. t. 24 (1806). Among moss, in a canyon below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June 9 (No. 546). Viola canina adunca (Smith) Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad, viii, 377 (1872); Viola adunca Smith, Rees’s Cycl. No. 68 (1817). My specimens lack the dark-brown spots attributed to this variety in Hook. FI. Bor. Amer. i, 79. Borders of rich woods, early in the spring. South of Custer, alti- tude 1,650 m., May 30 (No. 547). Viola canina oxyceras (?) Wats. Dot. Cal. i, 56 (1876). T have not seen any specimens of this variety, but as it is the only one described with acute spur, I place this plant with it. Rare: near Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 6 (No. 548). Viola canadensis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 986 (1753). Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 29; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 549), Viola nuttallii Pursh, I]. i, 174 (1814). Prairies and rich valleys: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 3; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 12 (No. 550). Viola pubescens Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 290 (1789). Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 551). Viola scabriuscula (Torr. & Gr.) Schwein.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 142 (1838), as synonym; Viola pubescens scabriuscula Torr. & Gr. loc. cit. This plant has nearly always one or more radical leaves at the time of blooming, while IF. pubescens seldom has any. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 29 (No. 552). POLYGALACES. Polygala senega latifolia Torr. & Gr. F]. i, 151 (1838), It is not uncommon in the northern part of the Black Hills. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 380; south of Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; near Bull Springs in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 26 (No. 553). Polygala alba Nutt. Gen. ii, 87 (1818). Hills below Hot Springs, altitude 1,000 m., June 17; 15 miles east of Custer, alti-_ tude 1,400 m., July 22 (No. 554). Polygala verticillata L. Sp. Pl. ii, 706 (1753). Fifteen miles east of Custer, on French Creek, altitude 1,400 m., July 22 (No. 555). CARYOPHYLLACES,. Saponaria vaccaria L. Sp. Pl. i, 409 (1753). On the railroad embankment south of Minnekahta, altitude 1,270 m., August 4 (No. 556). Silene antirrhina L. Sp. Pl. i, 419 (1753). 488 Very variable. One specimen is about 1 m. high and has broad leaves and minutely pubescent stem; some are only about 1 dm. high and wholly glabrous. Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., Angust 1 (No. 557). Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) Wats. Bot. King Surv. 37 (1871); Silene drummondii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 89 (1830). It was collected only in fruit. The leaves are unusually narrow and the plant strict. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 16 (No, 558). Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. Cat. 46 (1813). This is very variable. Some are 3.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with large leaves 3 to 5 cm, long and 8 to 12 mm. wide, oblong, oval-lanceolate or spatulate, Rapid City, alti- tude 1,000 m., June 25; south of Lead City, altitude 1,500 m,, July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,600 1m., July 11 (No, 559), The more common form, about 2 to 3 em. high, with leaves about 25 mm, long and &mm, wide, oval or broadly oblong, was collected near Lead City, altitude 1,500 m, July 6; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4 (No, 560), Cerastium brachypodum (Hngelm.) Robinson, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 150 (1894); Cerastium nutans brachypodum Engelm.; Gray, Man. ed. 5, 94 (1867). My specimens are small and approach the variety compactum,! to which some of them could be referred. Hermosa, on poor soil, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 561). laces Cerastium arvense L. Sp. Pl. i, 488 (1753). Rarer than the next: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No. 562). Cerastium arvense oblongifolium (Torr.) Britton & Hollick, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv, 47 (1887); Cerastium oblongifolium Torr, Fl. U.S. 460 (1824). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 31; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29 (No. 565). Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 150 (1894) ; Stellaria longifolia “Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 479 (1809). Grassy places, near water: below Terrys Peak, altitude 1,800 m., July &; near Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 564), Arenaria hookeri Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 178 (1888). Battle Mountain, east of Hot Springs, altitude 1,150 m., June 18 (No. 565). Arenaria lateriflora lL. Sp. Pl. i, 428 (1753). Shady woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 568). Arenaria stricta Mx. Fl. i, 274 (1803). Differs from the common form in the length of the petals, which scarcely exceed the acute but not pointed sepals. The leaves are also somewhat broader and more flaccid. Sandy soil: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 566). Arenaria verna hirta (Wormsk.) Wats. Bot. King Surv. 41 (1871); Arenaria hirta’ Wormsk. F]. Dan. x, 1646 (1819). Glaudular-pnberulent; the upper leaves lanceolate, short, strongiy 3-nerved. Shady place among rocks, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 18 (No. 567). Paronychia jamesii Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 170 (1838). Dry hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23 (No. 959). PORTULACACES. Talinum parviflorum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 197 (1888). Among recks, on the south side of Buekhorn Mountain, north of Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No. 569), ! Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad, xxix, 278 (1894). | 489 Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greene, Fl. Fran. 179 (1891). It is smaller than the typical C. perfoliata, has smaller flowers and shorter pedicels; the involucral leaves united only on one side. It has been collected by Dr. Vasey, in the State of Washington, and by C, V. Piper, near Seattle, same State. Hills, near Whitewood, altitude 1,200 m., July 7 (No, 570). HYPERICACES.. Hypericum canadense L. Sp. Pl. ii, 785 (1753), Low grounds, north of Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 572), MALVACEA. Malveopsis coccinea (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 72 (1891); Malra coccinea Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. (1813). Hillside, above Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No, 580), LINACES. Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. i, 210 (1814). Hillsides: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 14; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,700m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No, 581). Linum rigidum Pursh, Fl. i, 210 (1814). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 582). GERANIACES. Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. iv, 37 (1837). The most common species in the Black Hills. The tlowers are nearly always white or light pinkish with purple veins. Valleys: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 21 (No. 583). Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petrop. xi, Suppl. 18 (1843) ; Geranium incisum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 206 (1838), not Andrews, Bot. Rep. 67 (1814). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No, 584). Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 682 (1753), Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15 (No. 585). Oxalis stricta L. Sp. Pl. i, 485 (1753). Shady places among the foothills: Rapid Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 586). CELASTRACES. Celastrus scandens L. Sp. PI. i, 196 (1753). Erect, 1 to 1.5m. high; nowhere found climbing. Rapid City, altitude 1,050 m., June 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 587). RHAMNACES, Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 125 (1830). Not uncommon in the hills around Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 588). Ceanothus ovatus Desf. Hist. Arb. ii, 381 (1809). The common peduncles are in most cases elongated, and the leaves are thinner 13144—No. 8 3 490 than in the Nebraska specimens. Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; south of Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No. 589), Ceanothus fendleri Gray, Pl. Fendl. 29 (1849). This is common in the Limestone District, west of Custer. Bull Springs, altitude 2,000 m., July 26 (No. 590). VITACESA. Vitis vulpina L. Sp. Pl .i, 208 (1753). Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 24; Little Elk, altitude 1,100m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 591). Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. v, pt. 2, 488 (1887) ; Hedera quinquefolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 202 (1753). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 592). ACERACEA. Acer negundo L. Sp. PI. ii, 1056 (1753). In fruit: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 18 (No. 598). ANACARDIACEA, Rhus radicans toxicodendron (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. i, 325 (1805); Rhus texicodendron L. Sp. Pl. i, 266 (1753). For remarks on this form of the poison ivy, see page 152 of this volume. In the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No, 594). Rhus trilobata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr., Fl. i, 219 (1888), Ifound stems of this shrub 2.5 to 3m. high and 7 to 8 em. in diameter, and with leaf- lets 3 to 4 em, long. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 and August 8 (No. 595). PAPILIONACES. Thermopsis rhombifolia (Pursh) Richards. Bot. App. 737 (1823); Cytisus rhombi- folia Pursh, F1]. Suppl. 741 (1814), Common: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 23 (No. 596). Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. ii, 468 (1814), var. This is L, ornatus Dougl., var., of Newton & Jenney’s Report. ! The Black Hills and Wyoming specimens have the flowers dark blue and the calyx little gibbous, I think, however, they belong to this species rather than to L. leuco- phyllus, with which in some cases they have been placed. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; near Bull Springs in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 597). Lupinus parviflorus Nutt.; Hook & Arn, Bot. Beech, 336 (1840). Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m,, July 4; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 28 (No, 598), Lupinus pusillus Pursh, I'l. ii, 468 (1814). Hill near Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 599). Trifolium pratense L. Sp. Pl. ii, 768 (1753). Escaped in meadows: Buffalo Gap, altitude 975 m., June 21; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 600). . Trifolium repens L. Sp. Pl. ii, 767 (1753), Meadows: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 601). Lotus americanus (Nutt.) Bisch, Litt. Ber. Linniwa, xiv, 132 (1840); Trigonella americana Nutt. Gen, ii, 120 (1818). Hills, near Whitewood, altitude 1,150 1m., July 7 (No. 602), —_— — ‘Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 532 (1880), 491 Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh, Fl. ii, 475 (1814). In the foothills, 15 miles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 603). Psoralea argophylla Pursh, FI. ii, 475 (1814), Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August & (No. 604). Psoralea cuspidata Pursh, Fl. ii, 741 (1814). Among the foothills: Fall River Falls, altitude 1,050 m., August 10 (No. 605). Psoralea esculenta Pursh, Fl. ii, 475 (1814). The specimens from Lead City are low, 7 to 10 cm. high, with obovate leaflets and whitish flowers. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., June 18; Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 606). Parosela enneandra (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 196 (1894); Dalea enneandra Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. 1815. Among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 607). Parosela aurea (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 196 (1894); Dalea aurea Nutt.; Pursh, Fl. ii, 740 (1814). Among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,150m., August 2 (No. 608). Amorpha canescens Pursh, FI. ii, 467 (1814). Hills, 15 miles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 22; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 609). Armorpha fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. ii, 718 (1753). This was seen growing along French Creek and Fall River, but no specimens were secured. Kuhnistera purpurea (Vent.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 329 (1892); Dalea purpurea Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 40 (1800). Variable. Some of the specimens are pubescent on the stem, but most of them are glabrous and have short spikes with the calyx woolly, rather than silky. In the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 27; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 610). Some of the specimens from the latter place have white flowers (No. 611). Kuhnistera candida occidentalis Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. iti, 154 (1895). In the specimens of this collection the bracts are shorter than the calyx, in which respect they approach the variety multiflora. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 612), Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt, Fraser’s Cat. 1813. Nearly all my specimens from the Black Hills have large (16 to 20 mm, long), ochroleucous flowers, purplish only at the tip; but without doubt they all belong to A. crassicarpus. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 31 to June 4 (No. 613). Astragalus sp. The specimens are without pods, hence can not well be determined. The plant may be a form of the preceding, which it resembles, thongh more upright, ascending ; racemes elongated (1.5 dm. long), flowers distant on upright pedicels, bracts about 4 mm. long, calyx appressed-hairy with dark hairs; corolla dark purple. Only one plant found, that in full bloom on Battle Mountain, east of the Hot Springs, altitude 1,200 m., June 18 (No. 614). Astragalus plattensis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 332 (1838), Not uncommon in the southern part of the Black Hills. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13, August 3 (No. 615). Astragalus carolinianus L. Sp. PI. ii, 757 (18535), Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; French Creek, 15 miles below Custer, altitude 1,500 in., July 23 (No. 616). 32 492 Astragalus adsurgens all. Astrag. 10, t. 31 (1800); Astragalus larmanni Pall. (*%), Nutt. & authors, not Jacq. Lately the name .f. larmanni Jacq.,' has been adopted for our American plant... Although there is nothing in the original description that really disagrees with our plant, yet the plate accompanying it shows that Jacquin’s A. laxmanni was of a different habit. The stem is very slender and decumbent, the leaflets narrower and smaller, the heads, or rather spikes, much longer and narrower. The pods seem to be like those of ut. adsurgens, but are more.truncate at the apex and have the style abruptly turned dorsally, making a right angle with the pod. In A, adsurgens the pod acuminates into a nearly central style, which issomewhat twisted and curved dorsally, but does not make a right angle. In the Columbia College Herbarium there is a specimen of 4. larmanni collected by A. Regel in Turkestan, which perfectly agrees with the figure in Hortus Vindobonensis. The flowers of this, although of about the length of those of 4. adsurgens, are much narrower, the calyx less than one-half the length of the claws of the petals, or with the teeth about two- thirds their length, while in 4. adsurgens the calyx with the teeth nearly equals the claws. Common in the region. Some specimens trom Hot Springs have a more decumbent stem and brighter blue tlowers. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 8; Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No. 617). Astragalus hypoglottis L. Mant. ii, 274 (1771). Not uncommon among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14; Her- mosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 618). Astragalus drummondii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 153 (1834), Hills near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No, 619). . Astragalus racemosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 740 (1814). The corolla is ochroleucous rather than white, and the angles of the pods are blunter than in Nebraska specimens collected in 1891. Near Fall River Falls, alti- tude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 620). Astragalus gracilis Nutt. Gen. ii, 100 (1818). Hot Springs, altitnde 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 573). Astragalus microlobus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. vi, 208 (1864). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 621). Astragalus aboriginum Richards. Bot. App. 746 (1823). The fruit is membranaceous, long-stipitate, strictly 1-celled, but the dorsal suture a little inflexed, straight, the ventral one curved, It was collected in fruit only, north of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 622). Astragalus aboriginum glabriusculus (Ilook.); Phaca glabriuscula Hook, FI, Bor. Amer. i, 144 (1830). This has generally been regarded as a distinet species, but even Hooker says, in the original description, that it may be a variety of the preceding. The only dif- ference I can find is that the plant is smoother and the pod a little more curved. The flowers are ochrolencous, the keel tipped with purple. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 1; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Limestone District, altitude 2,000 m., July 26 (No, 623). Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 760 (1753). Hort. Vind. iii, 22 (1776). 2There is a species from Japan, much larger but with the same pod characters, in the National Herbarinm. This was identified by Bunge, the well-known authority on Old World Astragali, as 4. adsurgens, but is evidently distinct. It differs in the style, and in its more slender, less distinetly striate stem, its looser head's on peduncles which are neither strict nor longer than the leaves. Notwithstanding Bunge’s deter- mination the plant can not be sl, adsurgens, this name belonging to our species, as is plainly shown by the original plates. 493 In woods: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 3; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 in., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11 (No. 624). Astragalus lotiflorus Hook. Il. Bor. Amer, i, 152 (1834), In nearly all the specimens of my collection the flowers are in short, capitate racemes, but at least in some a part of the tlowers are sessile, the plant thus approaching the forma brachypus Gray. Mr. E. P. Sheldon has raised the latter to specific rank, but it can scarcely be regarded even as a variety, and Dr. Gray seems to me to have disposed of it correctly. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16 (No. 625), Astragalus missouriensis Nutt. Gen. ii, 99 (1818). The specimens from the Black Hills are, like those from Nebraska, greener than the species generally is farther south. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No, 626). A few specimens collected at Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 23, differ considera- bly from the common form, The stem is not cespitose, but ascending, less hairy ; leaflets larger, obovate; flowers racemose or subcapitate on along peduncle. In gen- eral appearance, color of the flowers, etc., they resemble 4. adsurgens, but the heads are more lax, the leaflets broader, and the plant more hairy. The pubescence, although sparser, is that of 4. missouriensis, so also the pod. It may be a hybrid between the two, which were found growing together (No, 627), . Astragalus frigidus americanus (Hook.) Wats. Ind. 198 (1878); Phaca frigida americana Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer, i, 140 (1830). The flowers in my specimens are light ochroleucous, Low ground in shade: Roch- ford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No, 628). Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) Gray, Pac. R. Rep. xii, bk. ii, pt. 11, 42 (1860); Phaca bisulcata Hook. F1. Bor. Amer. i, 145 (1834). Plains among the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 23 (No. 629). Astragalus flexuosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 141 (1834), as synonym; Phaca flecuosa Hook. loc. cit. The specimens are large and decumbent. Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No, 630), Astragalus convallarius Greene, Erythea, i, 207 (1893). Only a few slender specimens were collected. The flowers are unusually small, ochroleucous. Bull Springs, altitude 2,000 m., July 29 (No. 631). Astragalus tenellus Pursh, I'l. ii, 475 (1814). Near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 682). Astragalus spatulatus Sheld. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. Bull. 9, pt. i, 22 (1894), Probably 4. simplicifolius Gray, of Newton & Jenney’s Report. ! Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 633). Near the latter place some specimens were found with 3 and 2-foliate leaves, showing that the common form has developed by reduction. July 28 (No. 634). Astragalus gilviflorus Sheldon. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. Bull. 3, pt. i, 21 (1894). Foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No, 635). Spiesia viscida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. i, 207 (1891); Oxytropis viscida Nutt. ; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 841 (1838); Oxytropis monticola Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xv, 6 (1885), My specimens differ from all except one of those named 0. riscida in the National Herbarium in being more silky and having larger, yellowish flowers in an elongated spike. The one excepted was collected by Wim. C, Cusick in Oregon, which is nearer to the type locality of Nuttall’s plant than any of the localities represented by the other specimens. Nuttall’s type locality was, ‘near the sources of the Oregon” 1 Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 533 (1880). 494 (Columbia). In the Gray Herbarinm there is a poor specimen of the original QO. viscida of Nuttall, and this resembles more my plant, which Dr. Gray would have included in O. monticola (Jenney’s plants from the Black Hills are ineluded in the latter), rather than in O, viscida as understood by him. Common around Custer, altitude 1,650 to 1,700 m., June 5 (No, 636). Spiesia lambertii (Pursh) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i, 207 (1891); Qxcytropis lambertii Pursh, FL. ii, 740 (1814). Hlot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11 (No, 638). ; Spiesia lambertii sericea (Nutt.) Rydberg. Bot. Surv. Nebr. iii, 32 (1894) ; Oxytropis sericea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1, 339 (1888). All my specimens have yellow flowers. In afew the calyx is somewhat viscid, and these can scarcely be distinguished from the preceding species except by the size. The bracts are narrower than in the blue-tlowered forms I have seen, Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16 (No. 637). Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh, Il. ii, 480 (1814), On the French Creek, 15 miles below Custer, altitude 1,400, July 22 (No. 689). Hedysarum americanum [Jritton, Mem. Torr. Club. v, 201 (1894); Hedysarum alpinum americanum Mx. FI. ii, 74 (1803); H. boreale Nutt. Gen. ii, 110 (1818). In Coulter’s Manual the stamens are given as diadelphous (5 and 1), in Gray’s Manual as diadelphous (9 and 1) in the key, but as 5 and 1 in the description of the genus. Inall flowers investigated, they were 9 and 1, but the united stamens were of two different lengths, every second one being shorter. Hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 640). Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PL. iii, 1096 (1801), Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m,, July 6 (No, 641). Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xi, 134 (1876); Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. FI. i, 276 (1838). I. americana and this plant grow together sparsely everywhere in Nebraska. I have not seen any intermediate forms, but they both grade into the variety truncata. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 16 (No. 643). Vicia americana truncata (Nutt.) Brewer, Bot. Cal. i, 158 (1856); Vicia truncata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FL. i, 270 (1838). Always near water, where J’. americana and VT. linearis are found on the drier land. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 642). Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i., 159 (1853). Common and very luxurious in the Black Hills. It is regarded as a very good fodder plant, and may be of economic value. Rapid Creek, altitude 1,000 in., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 644). ROSACES. Prunus americana Marsh. Arb. Amer. 111 (1785). Draws among the foothills: Minnekahta, altitude 1,275 m., August 4 (No. 645). Prunus besseyi Bailey, Bull. Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta. 70, 261 (1894). In the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Minnekahta, altitude 1,300m., August 4 (No. 646). Prunus pennsylvanica L. f. Suppl. 252 (1781). In the Black Hills it never becomes a large tree. The largest specimens I saw were less than 7m. high, On the hills around Lead City, it is only a smali shrub, not much taller than the preceding, and has generally folded leaves. Woods: Custer, altitude 1,700 to 1,800 m.; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 3 and 6 (No. 647). 495 Prunus virginiana L. Sp. Pl. i, 475 (1753). Wholly glabrous; leaves dull, ovate with acuminate base, thin, sharply serrate. In the Black Hills only a shrub or a low tree, at most 6 cm. in diameter. In damp, shaded canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 18 (No. 648). Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp. Rep. ii, 10 (1843); Cerasus demissa Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. Fl. i, 411 (1840). I inelude under this two forms. One is the common chokecherry of the western plains. It is generally glabrous; leaves oval with truncate or even cuneate base, thick, pale beneath. It differs from 2. virginiana in the much thicker leaves and sweeter fruit. Wherever I have seen it, it is a small tree—that is, it has one prin- cipal stem, with a rounded top. It has been named J’, demissa, although I doubt whether it is identical with the original. Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 649). The other form has the young shoots, peduncles, and lower surface of the leaves pubescent, and even a little viscid, glabrate in age; leaves thick, shining above, paler beneath, elliptical or broadly oval. abruptly pointed or obtuse; base truncate or slightly cordate, or sometimes somewhat cuneate; flowers larger than in the pre- ceding two. A lowshrub, generally a few meters high. The largest stem I saw was about 5 cm. in diameter, with heartwood fully as dark as in I. serotina. It was growing in the same canyon as 7’. virginiana, from which it was casily distinguished. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 and August 8 (No. 650). Spirza lucida Doug].; Hook. FI). Bor. Amer. i, 172 (1835), as synonym; 3S. betuli- folia Hook. loc. cit., not Pall. Professor Greene! has separated the American species from the Asiatic. Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 651), Luetkea cespitosa (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev, Gen. Pl. i, 217 (1891); Spirwa cespiiosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 418 (1840), Neither flowers nor fruit were found, The plant was growing on the hills around Little Elk, altitude 1,300 m., June 28 (No. 652). Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 949 (1891), var.; Spirwa opulifo- lia L. Sp. Pl. i, 489 (1753). My specimens from northern Nebraska and those I have seen from Colorado differ from the Opulaster opulifolius of the eastern United States in having pubescent ova- ries. ‘The pubescence remains, partly at least, until maturity, while in the eastern form the fruits are smooth and shining. ‘The ovaries are generally only three, and the leaves smaller and more rounded in outline. This form seems to connect this species and the following. Seeds obliquely pear-shaped, shining, carinate on one side. In the lower parts of the Hills near water. Rapid Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June 25; French Creek, 10 miles below Custer, altitude 1,500 m., June 22; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 653). Opulaster monogyna? (Torr.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii, 949 (1891); Spirea monogyna Torr, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ii, 1892 (1827). Very shrubby, 3 to 6 dm. high; leaves small, about 2.5 cm. long, round in out- line, deeply 3 to 5 cleft, teeth sharper than in the preceding; flowers half the size, ovaries mostly 2, very woolly. The leaves are perfectly smooth, in this point dis- agreeing with the description of Neillia torreyi, but otherwise agreeing with the 'Pittonia, ii, 221. 2Thus named by Professor Greene. I have seen specimens of an Opulaster, col- lected by Dr. Sandberg in Idaho, which fits the description of Spirwa monogyna Torr. , loe. cit., even as to the number of the carpels. This differs as much from my speci- mens as does Opulaster opulifolia. 496 type specimens. It also disagrees in several points with the description of Professor (ireene, especially in the size of the flowers. Perhaps all the Opulasters of North America are but one very variable species. Hills near Harneys Peak, altitude 2,100 m., July 21, August 17 (No, 654), Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. i, 308 (1818). Not uncommon: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4 (No. 655). Rubus americanus (Pers.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 185 (1894); Rubus sacatilis americanus Pers. Syn. i; 52 (1807). Canyon north of Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4 (No. 656). Rubus strigosus Mx. I'l. i, 297 (1803). Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,800 m.. June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 657). Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Suppl. 337 (1841). Very rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 658). Geum strictum Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 217 (1789). Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 659). Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 1,557 (1809). I think this would better be regarded as a variety of the preceding. Rapid City, altitude 1,050 m., June 25; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (Ne. 1206). Geum ciliatum Pursh, FI. i, 352 (1814). * This name precedes G,. triflorum in Pursh’s Flora.) Common: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City altitude 1,600 m., July 4 (No. 660.) FPragaria virginiana Duchesne, Hist. Nat. frais. 204 (1766). A low, small-leafed form, collected early in the spring. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4 (No. 661). Pragaria vesca americana Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, xvii, 15 (1890) Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 6; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14; Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; in fruit, Custer, August 20 (No. 662), A slender form with very thin, cuneate, narrow leaves, 3 times as long as broad, toothed towards the apex, the peduncles slender, about the length of the leaves, was collected near Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 18 (No. 663). Potentilla arguta Pursh, Il. ii, 736 (1814). The tlowers appear to be always white, but they turn yellow in drying. Hillis: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 22; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No. 664). Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Neg. xix, t. 1583 (1833), In this the flowers are light yellow, the cyme more diffuse than usual. Hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 665). Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 499 (1753). This includes 2, norvegica L. described lower on the same page. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14; Hermosa, June 22; Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11. The specimens from the latter place are very slender and approach 7, rivalis (No. 666). Potentilla pennsylvanica strigosa Pursh, F]. i, 356 (1814). Common: Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,625 m., August 13 (No. 667). Potentilla hippiana Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. ii, 7 (1830). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 18 (No. 668), These specimens seem to be typical, agreeing fully with the description and plate in 'Pursh, FL. ii, 736. 497 Hooker’s Flora, except that the branches of the cyme are more upright and the calyx lobes longer. A slender form approaching 7’. effusa was collected at Bull Springs, July 26 (No. 669). Potentilla hippiana diffusa (Gray) Lehm. Add, Ind. Hort, Hamb. 8 (1849); I diffusa Gray, Pl. Fendl. 41 (1849). Custer, 1,650 m., August 15 (No, 669%). Potentilla gracilis Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. Ivii, t. 2984 (1850). This plant has always been regarded as 2. gracilis Dougl., but there is a specimen so labeled, collected by Mr. Douglas at Puget Sound, in the Columbia College her- - barium, and it seems quite different. Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 670), Potentilla gracilis fastigiata (Nutt.) Wats, Proc. Amer. Acad. vill, 557 (1873); P, fastigiata Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. Fl. i, 440 (1888). Rochford, altitude 1,550 m., July 11 (No. 671). Potentilla nivea dissecta Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. viii, 559 (1873). This form was included in Dr. Watson’s variety, but it seems to have very little relationship to P. nivea. It appears to be connected rather with P. concinna humis- strata and forms of LP. gracilis. ‘The name should also be changed, as there is ap older P. dissecta Pursh. It will be left, however, in the present form until its rela- tionship is settled. Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 (No. 672), Potentilla concinna Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 20 (1823), Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 3 (No. 675). Potentilla concinna humistrata, nom. nov.; 2. concinna humifusa (Nutt. ) Lehm. Rev. Pot. 112 (1856); P. humifusa Nutt. Gen. i, 310 (1818), not Willd.; Schlecht. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. vii, 289 (1813). Hills north of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 6735). Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. P1.i, 495 (1753). Dry hills and mountain sides: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 674). Agrimonia striata Mx. V1. i, 287 (1803). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 18; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 675). Rosa engelmanni Wats. Gard. & For, ii, 876 (1889). Common in the Black Hills: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Lead City, July 4; Rochford, July 12; Custer, altit ude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 676). Rosa woodsii Lind]. Ros. Monogr. 21 (1820). The sepals are, however, seldom lobed. A character so unstable, should never be used to distinguish the roses.’ Hot Springs, altitude 1, 050 m., July 17; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 24; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27 (No, 677). Rosa arkansana Porter, Port. & Coult. F1. Col. 38 (1874). I thought at first that this must be a form of 2. humilis, as the sepals are deciduous, but the leaflets are different; there are no infrastipular spines, and the calyx is not setose. It agrees best with f. arkansana, except as to the deciduous sepals, A very low shrub, only 1 to 2 dm, high, growing on a very dry hill near Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23 (No, 678). Cratzgus macrantha Lodd.; Loud. Arb. & Frut, ed. 2, ii, 819 (1854). Among the foothills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23; canyon north of Run- kels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30 (No. 679). Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 473 (1840), as synonym; Aronia alnifolia Nutt. Gen. i, 306 > (1818). The character is not ¢ given in the original description (Lindley, on the contrary, states that the sepals are entire) and seems to have been added by Dr, Watson. 498 Leaves densely white-woolly beneath when young, but wholly glabrous wien mature. The leaves of my specimens are unusually thin. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5 and July 15; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 24; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m,, June 29 (No. 680), Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham, & Schlecht.) Roem. Syn. Mon. iii, 89 (1847); Cham, & Schlecht. Linnea, ii, 36 (1827). According to Mr, Runkel, an enterprising lumberman, this is growing in a canyon on the road between Runkel’s sawmills and Sturgis. I did not see any specimens in the Black Hills. SAXIFRAGACEA. 759) Saxifraga cernua L. Sp. Pl. i. 403 (1753). A few slender specimens in bud, collected above Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 8 (No. 681). Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 239 (1833). Rare: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4; west of Lead City, altitude 1,800 m., July 4 (No. 682). Heuchera hispida l’ursh, Fl. i, 188 (1814). Common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June &; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No, 683). Heuchera parvifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 581 (1840). Only one specimen secured at Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 684), Parnassia parviflora DC. Prodr. i, 320 (1824). French Creek, below Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 685). Ribes setosum Lindl. Trans. Hort. Soc. vii, 243 (1830), This agrees with the description, also by Lindley, in the Botanical Register,! except that the berries are rarely bristly. Dr. Gray says, in the American Natural- ist:* ‘‘The young berries, either perfectly smooth and naked, or beset with a few bristly prickles.” It has been taken for 2. oryeanthoides 1. (2. hirtellum Mx.), from which it differs in that the leaves are finely pubescent, the calyx cylindrical and longer than the lobes. The bush is generally more spiny and prickly, and the berry sometimes a little bristly, dark purple, and extremely sour even when ripe. J* has been found in northwestern Nebraska by Professor Swezey, of the Universit > of Nebraska, who was the first to recognize it as R. sefosum Lindl. Most specimens in herbaria under the name 2. selosnm are not ht. selosum of Lind- ley, but of Gray,® which is a variety of 2. lacustre Poir. or a related species. It resembles /?, setosum Lind]. somewhat in general habit, but the flowers and fruit are different. Very common in the Black Hills: Custer, altitude 1,700 to 1,900 m., May 29; in fruit, Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 686). Ribes oxycanthoides L. Sp. I'l. i, 201 (1753), var. I place this plant doubtfully with this species, from whieh it differs in the longer peduneles and the longer calyx tube. It may also be a form of the preceding, but is nearty without thorns. The leaves are more deeply cleft, with acutish lobes, smvoth and shining above, finely and sparingly pubescent beneath, in form resembling some- what those of 2. aureum. The flowers are as in 2. setosum,1.e., the calyx cylindrical, a little longer than the narrowly oblong calyx lobes; spines and bristles very rare and small; petioles ciliated by a few fine-fringed bristles. Immature fruit smooth, yellowish; mature fruit not seen. The stem and leaves of R, aureum, with the pubescence and flowers of FR, setosum, would fairly represent my plant, which may, perhaps, be a hybrid between the two. i xy, t. 1287 (1829). 2x, 271 (1876), 3 Proc, Amer, Acad. viii, 8383 (1872). 499 Only two small bushes seen in a shady place below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 18 (No. 687). Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Eneyel. Suppl. ii lacustre Pers. Syn. i, 252 (1805). In shady, damp places; not common: South of Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 6; Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., August 17, (No. 688). Ribes cereum Doug]. Trans. Ilort. Soc. Lond. vii, 512 (1880). In Coulter’s Manual and in the Botany of California this species has been placed in the wrong section, as the calyx is tubular and the foliage glandular. In the Botany of California the form of the calyx is given in the description of the species, but in Coulter’s Manual this is ommitted. Specimens collected in tlower, therefore, 856 (1811); Ribes oxycanthoides } have been named IP. sangquineum variegatum. Common: Custer, altitude 1,700 to 1,800, June 11; 15 miles cast of the same place, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 689). Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl. i, 164 (1814). In the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 and August 3; Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 690). CRASSULACES. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, Fl. i, 324 (1811). It is nearly always more or less branched from the root. On rocky hills: Pied- mont, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Buekhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 18 (No. 691), HALORAGIDACES. Callitriche palustris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 169 (1753). I mistook this for Hlatine americana, which the plant very much resembles. Com- mon in springs and brooks; spring, near Buckhorn Mountain, altitude 1,700 m., July 15; brook, 6 miles northwest of Custer, July 25 (No. 971). ONAGRACES. Bpilobium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. i, 347 (1753). Woody hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Sips Spring, in the Limestone District, altitude 1,800 m., July 28 (No, 692). Epilobium lineare Muhl. Cat. 389 (1813). The leaves are often opposite and are acutish, short-petioled, and without veins. In a marsh near Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 6 (No, 693). Epilobium palustre L. Sp. Pl. i, 348 (1750). This was named thus doubtfully by Dr. William Trelease. In his letter respecting the specimens submitted he adds: ‘‘ However, they are pretty clearly that species, or possibly a hybrid of lineare, with the leaves broadened by hybridity.” The latter seems to be the case. They are, very likely, hybrids of the preceding and /. adeno- caulon, together with which two they were growing. After a careful search in the marsh, I could not find more than four specimens, nor did I see it elsewhere in the Hills. Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 6 (No. 694). Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. Oest. Bot. Zeitsch. 119 (1879). Two forms were collected. One is branched, with smaller, more dentate leaves, approaching L. coloratum in general habit. Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 6 (No. 695). The other is simple, with larger oblong-ovate leaves. Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 14; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 8 (No. 696). 500 Epilobium drummondii Haussk. Monogr. Gatt. Epil. 271 (1884). Two forms were met with. One was tall, sometimes 5 din, high, stringy, with nar- row leaves: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No, 697). The other was lower, with broader, ovate-lanceolate leaves sinuately toothed, sessile and half-clasping. Sips Spring, in the Limestone District, altitude 1,800 m., July 28 (No. 698). Epilobium hornemanni Reichenb. Icon, Crit. 1, 73 (1824). Only afew depauperate plants collected at Sips Spring together with the preceding (No. 699). Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FL. i, 490 (1sct), Custer, altitude 1,700m., August 21 (No. 574), Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gr. FL. i, 518 (1840), Hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Bull Springs, altitude 1,9001m., July 26 (No. 700). GGinothera biennis L. Sp. P1.i, 346 (1753). This is evidently native in western Nebraska, as well as in the Black Hills. In general habit it differs much from 0, biennis of Europe. Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 701). Another form, somewhat like the preceding, but not strigose, was also found. The pubescence 1s fine, silky, appressed ; radical leaves many, obovate, about 2.5 em. long; calyx tube nearly 4 cm. long, lobes linear-lanceolate about 1.25 em. long; petals broadly obovate; pod linear-oblong, only a little narrower upward. Custer, alti- tude 1,700 1m., July 15 (No. 702). GSnothera sinuata L. Mant. 228 (1767). Only a few small specimens secured at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 703). GGnothera albicaulis Pursh, Fl. ii, 783 (1814), not Nutt.; Ge. pinnatifida Nutt. Gen. i, 245 (1818). The plant is very variable: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16; Herinosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 23; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 704). Ginothera pallida leptophyNa (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 495 (1838); (2. leptophylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. loc. cit,, as synonym; (:, albicaulis Nutt. Gen. i, 245 (1818), not Pursh. The typical GQ). pallida has more or less runcinate-toothed leaves. Broken soil: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No. 705). C8nothera coronopifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 495 (1840). Sandy soil: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 706). GSinothera cespitosa Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. (1813). Battle Mountain, east of Hot Springs, altitude 1,200 m., June 15 (No. 707). G3inothera serrulata Nutt. Gen. i, 246 (1818), | Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17; Rapid City, altitude 1,050 m., June 25; E1k Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 708), Gaura coccinea Pursh, FI. ii, 733 (1814). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 709). A form, perfectly smooth, with white bark which peels off like that of G¢nothera pallida, was collected at Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 15 (No, 710). This form is also found in western Nebraska, where I collected it in 1890 and 1891. Gaura parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 208 (1834). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 711). ‘Gray includes in his list, in Newton & Jenney’s Report, also GQ). chrysantha Mx, (G. pumila), which must be an error, as that plant is strictly an Atlantic coast spe- cles. 501 Circza alpina L. Sp. PI. i, 9 (1758). The specimens have less toothed leaves than usually, suggesting C. pacifica ; ut evidently they are not distinct from C. alpina, Shaded, damp place at the foot of Buckhorn Mountain, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 712). LOASACES. Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh) Urban & Gilg, in Engler and Prantl. Nat. Pri. iii Teil, 6 Abt. a, 111 (1894); Bartonia decapetala Pursh; Sims, Bot. Mag, xxxvi, t. 1487 (1812). Bartonia ornata' is two years later and must give way to the older name. Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 9 (No, 713). Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & Gr. F1. i, 535 (1840); Bartonia nuda Pursh, FL. 1, 32% (1814). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 714). Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt.; Sims, Bot. Mag. xlii, t. 1760 (1815). This was collected by Albert F, Woods near Hot Springs, but was not obtained by the writer. CACTACESA. Cactus missouriensis (Sweet) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. i, 259 (1891); Vamillaria missouriensis Sweet, Hort. Brit. 171 (1827). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 4; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 715). Opuntia humifusa Raf. Aun. Nat. 15 (1820); 0. rafinesquit Engelm. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 41 (1854). Hills, 15 miles east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No, 716). Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Syn. Pl. Suec. Suppl. 82 (1819); Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen, i, 296 (1818). Plant only, collected near Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 717). UMBELLIFPERSA.. Adorium tenuifolium (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i, 264 (1891); Musenium tenui- folium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. i, 642 (1810). Very variable in size, according to the locality. The specimens from Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4 and August 1, seem to be typical, therefore like those of western Nebraska, Those from Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 1m., June 15, growing in a more shaded locality, among gypsum rocks, are large with more striate scape. Those from the exposed granite rocks near Harneys Peak, altitude 2,200 m., June &, are tufted, very low and delicate (No. 718). Adorium hookeri (Torr. & Gr.); Musenium divaricatum hookeri Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 642 (1840); IMusenium trachyspermum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr., loc. cit., lower on the page. Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 22 (No. 719). Carum carui L. Sp. Pl. i, 263 (1753). The ribs of the fruit have each a bundle of strengthening cells and a small oil tube, a fact that [ have not seen pointed out. Near a small brook, 3 miles north of Deadwood, altitude 1,400 m., July 5 (No, 720). Carum gairdneri (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook. Gen, Pl, i, 891 (1867); Ndosmia gairdnert Nntt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 612 (1840). This is included in Gray’s list, in Newton & Jenney’s Report.’ but no specimens have been seen by the author from the region. 'Pursh, FI. 1, 326 (1814). 2Geol. Sury. Black Hills, 533 (1880), 502 Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch, Gen. Trib. Pl. Umb. 129 (1825); Smyrnium cordatum Walt. Fl. Car. 114 (1788). This is the Thaspium trifoliatum of Newton & Jenney’s Report. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 2; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 721). Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. iv, 115 (1898); Sivm erectum Huds. Fl. Ang]. 108 (1762). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 10 (No. 722). Cicuta virosa maculata (L.) Coult, & Rose, Rev. Umb. 130 (1888); Cieuta macu- lata L. Sp. Pl. i, 256 (1753). Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 723). Osmorrhiza nuda Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 93 (1856). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No, 724). Osmorrhiza aristata (Thunb.) Rydberg, Bot. Surv. Neb. iii, 37 (1894); Charophyl- lum aristatum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 119 (1784); 0. longistylis DC. Prodr. iv, 232 (1830). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Mot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., (No. 725). Cymopterus montanus Torr. & Gr. FI. i, 624 (1840). In fruit only: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 726). Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Rydberg, Bot. Surv. Neb. iii, 38 (1894); Selinum acaule Pursh, Fl. ii, 732 (1814); Thapsia glomerata Nutt. Gen. i, 184 (1818). Only one specimen, collected while the train stopped at Edgemont, altitude 1,053 m., May 27 (No. 727). Peucedanum villosum Nutt.; Wats. Bot. King Surv. v, 131 (1871). Very common around Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 728) Pastinaca sativa L. Sp. Pl. i, 262 (1753), Escaped, along Rapid Creek, 6 miles above Rapid City, altitude 1,100m., July 25 (No. 729), Heracleum lanatum Mx. FI. Bor. Amer. i, 166 (1803). Rapid Creek above Rapid City, altitude 1,100 m., June 25; Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 730). Sanicula canadensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 285 (1753). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 731.) ARALIACES:. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. i, 274 (1753). Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No. 732). At one place in Little E]k Canyon all specimens differed from the usual form in being lower, the leaves being only 2 dm. or less long, while in the ordinary form they are 3dm.; the umbels 1 to 4 on erect branches(in the ordinary form they are more or less spreading); flowers larger and blooming before the leaves are fully developed. (No. 733). CORNACE4. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 118 (1753). Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., August 17 (No. 734). Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans, Bot. Gaz. xv, 37 (1890). I refer this here with doubt, as I did not see it in fruit. The pubescence of the peduncles is woolly, and that of the lower surface of the leaves is more or less mixed 503 with woolly hairs. The leaves are narrower than in the next, of which it may be amore hairy variety, and the bark of the branches is browner and pubescent. It may also be a narrow-leafed form of C. pubescens. Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11 (No. 735). Cornus stolonifera Mx. Fl. i, 92 (1803). The bark is purplish red, the pubescence silky. In fruit only: Sylvan Lake, alti- tude 1,900 m., August 17 (No. 736). CAPRIFOLIACES. Adoxa moschetellina L. Sp. Pl. 1, 867 (1753). Only a few small specimens in bud were secured, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., June 8, and a few in fruit, badly damaged by rust, under a rock near Sips Spring, in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 28 (No. 757). Sambucus racemosa 1. Sp. PI. i, 270 (1753). Three forms belonging here were collected. In one the annual shoot and the peduncles are more or less roughish-pubescent and warty; leaves oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, closely serrate; cyme inany-flowered, roundish, The mature fruit was not seen. The cyme resembles that.of S. melanocarpa, but the leaves are more like those of 8. racemosa and the flowers are “dull white, drying brownish.” Canyon, north of Runkels, altitude 1,800 m., July 30; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 14 (No. 738). A form which I think is more typical has the shoots perfectly smooth and light colored, leaflets ovate-lanceolate with shorter acumination, cyime longer, but smaller ; fruit bright red as in Shepherdia argentea. Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., August 17 (No. 739). Together with this form was another in every respect like it, except that the ber- ries were amber yellow, resembling and being the analogue of the amber-colored variety of Shepherdia growing in western Nebraska (No. 740). Viburnum opulus L. Sp. PI. i, 268 (1753). Canyon north of Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30 (No. 741). Viburnum lentago L. Sp. Vl. i, 268 (1753). The margined petioles are often rufous-pubescent as they should be in TV, pruni- folium, which is said to grow in the Black Hills. 1 think, however, that this has been mistaken for that. Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30 (No. 742). Linnea borealis L. Sp. V1. ii, 631 (1753). Common in the Northern Hills, but also seen in the Harney Range. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 743). Symphoricarpos racemosus pauciflorus Robbins, Gray, Man. ed. 5, 203 (1867). Common: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No, 744). Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i, 285 (1834). Very variable; flowers few or many; style glabrous or sparsely villose; stout or slender; leaves entire or lobed, large and thick or small and thin. Some forms approaching the preceding. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 9; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 12 (No, 745). A form with thin, ovate, acute or acuminate, or even pointed leaves, and a thin, less bearded corolla was collected at the last place, August 19 (No. 746). The same has been collected by Dr. Chas, E, Bessey in Colorado, Lonicera hirsuta glaucescens, var. nov.; Lonicera parviflora var.? Torr. & Gr. FI. ii, 7 (1840), partly; Lonicera douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, i, 282 (1833) (?), not Caprifolium douglasit Lind]. Trans. Hort. Soc, vii, 244, which is L. hirsuta proper, 504 Leaves 3 to 5 em, long and 1.5 to 3 em, wide, smooth above, slightly glaucous beneath, not ciliate, generally only the upper pair connate; corolla about 1.5 em. long, pubescent on the outside, strongly gibbose at the base of the tube, yellow, changing into reddish; stem smooth; bark first green, afterwards grayish straw- colored, more or less shreddy. It differs from the true L. hirsuta in the smaller leaves, which are perfectly smooth above and decidedly glaucous beneath (in L, hirsuta they are seldom glaucous), in the corolla, which is more gibbose, and in the smooth and shreddy stem. It may bea distinct species. It resembles somewhat L. glauca, from which it differs in the longer, hairy, and gibbose corolla. It is sometimes a low shrub, sometimes high-climbing. The only specimen in the National Herbarium, except those from the Black Hills, was collected by 8, M. ‘Tracy in the Rocky Mountains in 1888 (no locality given). In the herbarium of Harvard University are the following specimens: In Dr. Gray’s collections, a fragmentary one labeled ‘* Lonicera douglasii F1. Bor. Am. Hooker misit January, 1835; and another labeled ‘1. hirsuta var, douglasii Hooker approaching glauca.” The others were probably received later, as there are no indications that Dr. Gray had ever studied them, viz: Lonicera glauca Mill, Agricultural College, Ingham County, Mich., 1860 (no collector given); Ex. Herb. Thurber, coll. T. J. Hale, Lonicera douglasii DC., hab, Ripon, Wis., 1861; 150 Lonicera hirsuta (L. douglasii Hook). “River That Tums,” July 13, 1879, coll, J. Macoun, F. L. 8. Railway Survey; 964 Herb. of Wm, Werner, Lonicera glauca Hill [corrected to], L. hirsuta Eaton, Painesville, Ohio, 1890; Herb. L. H. Bailey, jr., Lonicera glauca Hill, Lansing, Mich., 1886. Little Elk, altitude 1,200 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 747). RUBIACE 4. Galium aparine L. Sp. Pl. i, 108 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 748). Galium triflorum Mx. FI. i, 80 (1803). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 749). Galium boreale L. Sp. PI. i, 108 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 22; Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 750). VALERIANACEZ. Valeriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. F1. ii, 48 (1841). Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Oreville, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 751). Valeriana sylvatica Banks; Richards. Bot. App. 730 (1823). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., June 12; Oreville, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No, 752). COMPOSIT&. Lacinaria scariosa (L.) Hill, Veg. Syst. iv, 49 (1762); Serratula scariosa 1. Sp. PL. ii, 818 (17538). Custer, altitude 1,600 m., Aug. 1 (No. 753). Lacinaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. i, 349 (1891); Liatris punctata Hook. F1. Bor. Amer. i, 306 (1833). Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No, 754), Kuhnia glutinosa Ell. Bot. 8. Car. & Georg. ii, 292 (1821-1824); A. eupatorioides glutinosa Hitcheoek, Trans. St. Louis Acad, vy, 498 (1891), Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2, (No, 755). 505 Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal, in DC. Prodr. v, 315 (18386); Donia squarrosa Pursh, Fl. ii, 559 (1814). Ilot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 756). Two depauperate specimens in bloom (several plants were seen) were collected above Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17. These two had narrow leaves, more toothed than usual, and I took them at first to be G. nana Nutt.,lut they must belong to G, squarrosa (No, 757). Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt, Gen, ii, 151 (1818); Amellus villosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 564 (1814), Sandy soil: Rochford, altitude 1,600 m,, July 12; Custer, altitude 1,650 in., July 12, (No. 758). Chrysopsis villosa canescens (ID)U.) Gray, Syn. FL.i, pt. ii, 125 (1884); Aplopappus (?) canescens DC. Prodr. v, 349 (1856), Custer, altitude 1,650in., July 15; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100m., August 2 (No, 759), Oy) Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt. Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. ser. 2, vii, 821 (18411); Aplopappus nuttallit Torr. & Gr, V1. ii, 242 (1842). Gypsum rocks above Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 760). Eriocarpum spinulosum (Pursh) Greene, Ery thea, ii, 108 (1894); Amellus spinulosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 564 (1814); Aplopappus (2) spinulosus DC. Prodr, v, 347 (1886). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 761). Solidago erecta Pursh, Fl. ii, 542 (1814). This is the 8. speciosa angustate Torr, & Gr., of Newton & Jenney’s Report. Lrefer it doubtfully here. It does not agree with the original description by Pursh, being perfectly smooth except the margins of the leaves, which are scabrous. It agrees well with the description of S, erecta by Flliott.!. Gray? regards the two as the same species notwithstanding the pubescence attributed to the first. It is near S, speciosa, but the primary veins are inore or less prominent and often looped, Hilly places: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 762). Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad, Phil. vii, 32 (1884), Very variable. The form held as the typical one, that is, stouter with spreading panicle of recurved branches, was collected at Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 14 (No. 763), This is, however, not the original S. missouriensis, but should, if held sepa- rate, be called variety glaberrima (S. glaberrima Martens). The true S, missouriensis was also collected, viz, at Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 764). This was named variety montana by Dr. Gray. Another form was found with broad leaves, the lower often 1.5 em, wide, the stem tall, 5 dm. high, panicle with upright branches and large heads. It may be the variety ertraria Gray, or, perhaps, a hybrid of 8, missouriensis and the preceding, togetier with which it grew. Custer, August 16 (No. 765). Solidago rupestris Raf. Ann. Nat. 1d (1820). Owing to the meager material, the determination is doubtful. It may perhaps be a narrow and thin-leafed form of 8. serotina Ait. Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 766). ‘ Solidago canadensis I.. Sp. Pl. ii, 878 (1753). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 767). Solidago canadensis procera (Ait.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 224 (1842); 8. procera Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 211 (1789). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 1207). Solidago nemoralis Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 215 (1789). My specimens are more or less scabrous, some have axillary clusters and resemble somewhat S. bicolor concolor. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No, 768). 1 Bot. S. Car. & Georg. i, 3885 (1817). > Proce, Amer, Acad, vili, 308 (1870), 13144—No. 8 4 506 Solidago rigida L. Sp. Pl. ii, 880 (1753), Much smaller than the form common in eastern Nebraska, 3 to 6 dm. high, more cinereous; corymb more open and heads smaller; radical and lower cauline leaves gradually acuminating into a winged petiole, all with a clasping but not decurrent base. Custer, dry land, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 769). Buthamia graminifolia (l..) Nutt. Gen. ii, 162 (1818); Chrysocoma graminifolia L. Sp. Pl. ii, 841 (1753); Solidago lanceolata LL. Mant, 114 (1767). The corymbs in all specimens seen in the Black Hills are unusually small and dense with larger heads. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August LO (No, 770). Aster sibiricus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 872 (1753). Shaded hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,700 1n., August 13; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 771). All specimens are unusually low. Aster levis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 876 (1753). All the specimens are small, some very low and slender, with narrowly lanceolate leaves. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 772). Aster multiflorus incanopilosus (Lindl.) Rydb. Contr. Nat. Herb. iii, 163 (1895); A.ramulosus incanopilosus Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer. ii, 18 (1834); A. multiflorus commutatus Torr. & Gr. FL. ii, 124 (1841). Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 16 (No. 773). Aster patulus Lam. Eneyel. i, 308 (1783), Like A. prenanthoides Muhl., but the base of the leaves is not cordate atall. Only a few specimens secured. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 13 (No. 774). Aster junceus Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 204 (1789). See my remark on this species, this volume, p.163. The leaves are linear, 1-nerved, with slightly revolute margins. Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No. 775). Aster salicifolius Lam. Eney1. i, 806 (1783). Meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m,, August 15 (No. 776).- Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & Gr, F1. ii, 160 (1841); Doellingeria ptarmicoides Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 183 (1832). Limestone District, near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 25 (No, 777). Aster falcatus Lindl.; DC. Prodr, v, 241 (1836), In Gray’s list, Newton & Jenney’s Report!; no specimens from this region seen by the writer. Aster paniculatus Lam. Eneycl. i, 306 (1783); A simplea Willd. ium. 887 (1809), In Gray’s list only.” Aster tanacetifolius H. 1B. K. Nov. Gen. iv, 95 (1820), In Gray’s list only.* Erigeron asper Nutt. Gen. ii, 147 (1818). More or less strigose all over, Generally 3 to 5 dm. high, with several heads; but in higher altitudes they are only 2 to 2.5 dm. high, with 1 to3 heads. Former state, Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; latter state, Limestone District, July 26 (No. 778). EBrigeron subtrinervis Rydberg, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 328 (1894); E. glabellus mollis Gray, Proc. Acad, Phila, 1863, 64 (1863), not /. mollis D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 172 (1825). Plant hairy throughout, from grayish scabro-strigose to soft-pubescent, leafy to the top; leaves thin, more or less distinetly triple-nerved, the lower oblanceolate, petioled, the upper oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sessile and half-elasping; heads 1 to 5, corymbose, 1.5 cm. wide and 0.75 cm. high; rays 0.75 to 1 cm. long, blue or flesh color; involucre hirsute. ' Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 584 (1880). 2 Loc, cit. 507 Gray (loc. cit.) says: “‘ From the shape of the leaves, and their size and abundance up to the summit of the stem, this should rather be referred to /. macranthum; but the pubescence is strange for that species;” and in the Synoptical Flora he adds, ‘‘Perhaps a distinct species.” I believe it to be distinct and rather more related to £. macranthus than to E. glabellus; in fact, it differs little from the former except in the pubescence, which is not only more copious but of a different nature, more resembling that of the hirsute forms of /. glabellus. In E. macranthus the bracts are nearly smooth, somewhat minutely glandular or puberulent; in E. subtrinervis they are covered with longer spreading hairs. I have named the species E. subtri- nervis, from the fact that the lower lateral veins are often stronger, making the leaves look as if triple-nerved, a character often seen in FE. speciosus, sometimes in FE. macranthus, though I have not seen it in /. glabellus. The leaves are generally thinner than in any of these three related species. In woods: Custer, altitude, 1,700 n., August 16 (No. 779). Erigeron pumilus Nutt. Gen. ii, 147 (1818), Dry table-lands: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m,, June 13 (No. 780). Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. ii, 585 (1814). All my specimens are strictly scapose and densely matted. Exposed rocks in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m,, July 27, Also seen near the Needles, altitude about 2,100 m., in the Harney Range (No, 781). Erigeron canus Gray, Pl. endl. 67 (1849). Dry table-lands: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 782). Erigeron philadelphicus L. Sp. PI. ii, 863 (1753). Near water: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 17; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 22; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 783). Brigeron flagellaris Gray, Pl. Pend]. G8 (1849), Rich soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 17; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., * June 22; Buckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 14. The speci- mens from the latter place, have much smaller radical leaves than the rest (No. 784). Erigeron ramosus beyrichii (Fisch. & Mey.) Smith & Pound, Bot. Sury. Nebr. ii, 11 (1893) ; Stenactis beyrichii Pisch. & Mey. Ind, Sem, Petrop, 27 (1824). Below Buckhorn Mountain, Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 14 (No, 785). Erigeron armerifolius Turez.; DC. Prodr. v, 291 (1836), Radical leaves numerous, spatulate. Wet meadow, Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 786). Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 863 (1753). This is rare in the Black Hills. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 20 (No, 787). A depauperate form, resembling much £. diraricatus, was collected in Ruby Glen, Cus- ter, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 788), Pilago prolifera (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 329 (1894); Evax prolifera Nutt.; DC. Prodr. v, 459 (1836), sarren Hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 789), Antennaria dioica (L.) Giertn. Fruct, ii, 410 (1791); Gnaphalium dioicum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 850 (1758). The typical 4. dioica has leaves 1 to 2 cm, long, and 0.3 to 0.6 em. wide, silvery white on both sides; bracts all obtuse, the papery portion white or pinkish red. Borders of woods: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Rochfort, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 790). A peculiar form with several crowded heads, and often acute bracts, I also refer here. The bracts are of livid-brownish color, approaching A. alpina in this respect, but the plant is in every respect larger. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 792). Antennaria dioica parvifolia (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl, ii, 431 (1840); Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Trans, Amer. Phil, Soc. n. ser. vii, 406 (1841). 33 508 Radical leaves narrow, oblanceolate, more or less revolute, finely silvery on both sides; flowering stem slender, bearing smaller heads with brightly rose-colored bracts. The plant is more diffusely spreading. Prairie: Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 791). Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards. Bot. App. ed. 2, 80 (1828) ; Gnaphalium plantaginifolium L, Sp. Pl. ii, 850 (1753). This species is very variable, at least if all the western forms belong to it. The typical form with large, thin, 3-ribbed leaves was not met with. What I take for an alpine form of this species was collected early in the spring, around Custer, alti- tude 1,650m., May 30 (No. 794). This is low, 7 to 10 em. high, with smaller heads, radical leaves obovate or oblong, about 3 cm, long, glabrous above, white beneath. The other two forms collected belong to the western form of 4. plantaginifolia, which perhaps is distinct fromthe eastern, The leaves are smaller, 1.5 to 4 em, long, silky on both sides, and seldom 3-nerved, In one of the forms the leaves are about 3 cm, long, the stem more robust and more floccose, Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 2; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 793). The other form is more slender and less floccose, the leaves about one- half the size of those of the last. This is the same as No. 173 of my western Nebraska collection. Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No, 795). Antennaria margaritacea (L.) Hook. Fl, Bor. Amer. i, 329 (1833); Gnaphalium margaritaceum L. Sp. Pl.i, 85 (1753), ; Englewood, altitude 1,600 m., August 138 (No. 796). Iva xanthifolia Nutt. Gen. ii, 185 (1818). Waste places, rare: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 19 (No, 797), Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. v, 526 (1836). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,700 m., August 2 (No. 795). YO Ambrosia artemisizefolia L. Sp. Pl. ii, 988 (1753). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 11 (No. 799). Brauneria pallida (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 3383 (1895); Rudbeckia pallida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. v, 77 (1834); Echinacea angustifolia DC. Prodr., v, 554 (1836). Prairie: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 800). Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. PI. ii, 907 (1753). Meadows: Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 26 (No.801), One specimen was very leafy, with narrow linear- lanceolate leaves. Lepachys columnaris (Pursh) Torr. & Gr. Fl. ii, 815 (1841); Rudbeckia columnaris Pursh, Fl. ii, 575 (1814). Rare; Only a few specimens seeured at Custer, altitude 1,650m., August 1 (No. 802). Helianthus annuus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 904 (1753). Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 803). Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila, ii, 115 (1821). Only a few specimens were secured; all had some of the leaves opposite. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No, 804), Helianthus scaberrimus Ell. Bot. S. Car. & Georg. ii, 423 (1824); JL. riygidus Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris, ed. 3, 184 (1829). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 805). Helianthus maximiliani Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. (1835). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 806). Helianthella quinquenervis (Hook.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. xix, 10 (1883); JTeli- anthus quinquenervis Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi, 247 (1847). The leaves in my specimens are as often alternate as opposite, and the plant is much taller than the specimens in the National Herbarium, 509 Hills: Limestone District near Sips Spring, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 807). Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 350 (1841); Buphthalmum sagittatum Pursh, V1. ii, 564 (1814), It was collected in fruit only on hills near Sips Spring, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 808). Bidens levis (L.) B.S. P. Cat. Pl. N.Y. 20 (1888); Helianthus levis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 906 (1753). All the specimens collected were low, with short rays. Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 6 (No. 809). Some were very slender; leaves about 2 to 8 em. long, not con- nate; heads about 6 mm, long, few-flowered; sparingly strigose (No, 810), Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer, i, 317 (1834). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 and August 3 (No. 811). Ptilepida acaulis (Pursh) Britton, Mem. Torr, Club, v, 339 (1894); Gaillardia acaulis Pursh, F 1. ii, 743 (1814); -fetinella acaulis Nutt. Gen. ii, 178 (1818). Dry hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 in., June 12; Lead City, altitude 1,800 m., July 4 (No. 812), Gaillardia aristata Pursh, I'l. ii, 578 (1814). Prairies: Rochford, altifude 1,600 m., July 12; Limestone District, altitude 1,900m.,, July 26 (No. 813). Dysodia papposa (Vent.) Hitch. Trans. St. Louis Acad. vy, 508 (1891); Tagetes papposa Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 56 (1800), Waste places: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 8 (No, 814), Anthemis cotula L. Sp. Pl. ii, 894 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 815). Achillea millefolium L. Sp. Pl. ii, 899 (1753). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No, 816). Artemisia canadensis Mx. I'l. ii, 128 (1803). Dry places: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 817). Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, FI. ii, 742 (i814). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 818), Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pl. iii, 1838 (1801), Dry places: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 819). Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. Gen, ii, 145 (1818). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 820). Petasites sagittata (Pursh) Gray, Bot, Cal. i, 407 (1876); Tussilago sagittata Pursh, FI. ii, 531 (1814). A large patch found on Rapid Creek, above Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 12, but only three specimens in fruit secured (No. 821). Arnica cordifolia Hook. PF], Bor. Amer. i, 331 (1834). On shaded hillsides: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., July 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 1n., Jnty 12 (No, 822). Arnica alpina (L.) Olin, Monogr. Arn. Ups. 1799; Arnica montana alpina L. Sp. Pl. ii, 884 (1758). In the Black Hills this is generally 3-cephalous, and 8 to5 dm. high. Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 n., July 28; Custer, altitude, 1,800 m., July 16 (No. 823), Senecio rapifolius Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vii, 409 (1841). The specimens are unusually large, some being 6 dm. high. In shaded places among rocks: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 12 (No. 824). Senecio lugens Richards. App. Frankl. Journ, 747 (1823). In the specimens collected the leaves are unusually narrow and nearly entire. 510 The plant may be a form of the next. Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 8 (No. 825). Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Gen. ii, 165 (1818). This resembles a specimen collected by Mr, Nicollet, which according to Torrey and Gray ! is 8. integerrimus Nutt. The other specimens in the National Herbarium seem to belong to some other species. The type specimens of Nuttall I have not seen. The bracts and the base of the involuere are somewhat fleshy. Prairie, near Squaw Creek, Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23 (No. 826). Senecio balsamitz Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iii, 1998 (1804). Leaves very thin and wholly glabrous, bright green, the lower obovate, serrate. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 827). Senecio plattensis Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. ser. 2, vii, 418 (1841). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No, 828). Senecio canus Hook. Fl. Bor. Aimer. 1, 333 (1834). This is a very variable species. Three forms were collected, one of them the typical. This is3to5dm. high, densely woolly; root leaves entire, broadly oblance- olate, oblong, or spatulate; 7 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, Battle Mountain, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,200 m., June 18; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 829), The second form is somewhat like the last but greener with deciduous wool and thin leaves. It approaches somewhat the preceding species, especially as to the involucre, which is nearly glabrous. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 830). The third is alow form with narrow leaves, the lower narrowly spatulate or oblanceolate, 3 to 7 em. long and about 4 mm. wide, white woolly, with more or less revolute margins. Dry table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 18 (No. 831). Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. ii, 180 (1818); Cnicus undulatus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. x, 42 (1874). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 12 (No, 882). Carduus undulatus ochrocentrus, nom. nov.; Cnicus undulatus ochrocentrus Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. x, 43 (1874); Cirsium ochrocentrum Gray, Pl. Pend]. 110 (1849) ; Cnicus ochrocentrus Gray, Proc, Amer, Acad. xix, 57 (1883). This is the northern form referred to Carduus ochrocentrus. ‘The southern, that is, the original form, differs in being stouter and more white with broader bracts. Whether the latter is distinct from C. undulatus I am not prepared to decide. The northern form is, I think, only a variety, and differs only in the prickles of the invo- luere, which are much longer and stouter. Intermediate forms are sometimes seen. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 853), Carduus drummondii (Gray); Cnicus drummondii Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. x, 40 (1874). Some of the specimens are very near to the variety acaulescens Gray. Meadows: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 854), Centaurea cyanus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 911 (1753). Only one specimen collected: Roadside, not far from Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m.,, August 2 (No. 835). Hieracium canadense Mx. I'l. ii, 86 (1803). The specimens referred to this species have much thinner, narrower, and less den- tate leaves than the common form, Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 12 (No, 836). Hieracium umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 804 (1753). The specimens of this have fewer heads than usual. Wet meadow: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25 (No, 837). , LPL, ii, 439. 511 Hieracium sp. A single specimen was found, together with the preceding, of a plant which resem- bles it as to the leaves, but has the stem hispid above, and the bracts broad (No. 838). Hieracium fendleri Schultz Bip. Bonplandia, ix, 173 (1861). The Black Hills are outside of the supposed range of this species, but the speci- mens agree fully with Gray’s description and with specimens in the National Her- barium and the herbarium of the University of Nebraska, Rochford, on a dry hill, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 839). Crepis runcinata (James) Torr, & Gr. Fl. ii, 487 (1848); Hieracium runcinatum James, Long Exped. i, 453 (1823). The typical form, but with the leaves less runcinate. Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Whitewood, altitude 1,200 m., July 7; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. S40). A stouter form, 4 to 5 dm. high, with broader leaves; heads larger; involucre of thicker bracts, with the peduncles and upper part of the stem densely covered with yellowish glands. A specimen of this form in the National Herbarium is labeled variety hispidulosa Howell, but I can not find any description, Meadow: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., July 25 (No, 841). Prenanthes racemosa Mx. Fl. ii, 84 (1805). Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 15 (No, 842). Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Greene, Pittomia, ii, 176 (1801); Troximon glaucum Pursh, F1. ii, 505 (1814). Meadows: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 843). Agoseris glauca parviflora (Nutt.); Vrowrimon parviforum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. vii, 434 (1841). Professor Greene regards this as a distinct species, stating that it differs in the leaves being strictly 2-ranked, a character which is, however, sometimes found in the true A. glauca. Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 844). Agoseris scorsonerefolia (Schrad.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 177 (1891); Ammogeton scorsonerafolium Schrad. Cat, Sem. Goett. 1 (1855), Railroad embankment: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 845). Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 1138 (1880-1883); Leontodon taraxacum LL. Sp. Pl. ii, 798 (1753). Rapid City, altitude 975 m., July 25 (No, S46). Lactuca ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Prodr. vii, 141 (1889); Sonchus ludovicianus Nutt. Gen. ii, 125 (1818). Hillside east of’ Custer, altitude 1,600 ., July 23 (No. 847). Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Prodr. vii, 1st (1839); Sonchus pulehelius Pursh, Fl. ii, 505 (1814). - Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 848). Sonchus asper (L.) All, FI. Ped. i, 222 (1785); Sonchus oleraceus asper L. Sp. PL. ii, 794 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No, S49). LOBELIACE. Lobelia spicata hirtella Gray, Syn. Fl. ii, pt. 1, 6 (1878). Prairie: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 850). 512 CAMPANULACES. Legouzia perfoliata (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 309 (1894); Campanula per- foliata L., Sp. PI. i, 169 (1753), No corolliferous flowers were seen. Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 15 (No. 851). Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 168 (1758). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17; Hermosa, altitude 1,150 m., June 22; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 852). Campanula aparinoides Pursh, I'l. i, 159 (1814). Wet meadows: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 19 (No, 853), ERICACE A. Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 33 (1834). The plant (without flowers or fruit) was collected on a shaded hillside, near Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 854). Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. ii, 287 (1825); Arbutus uva-ursi L. Sp. PL. i, 895 (1753). Common throughout the Black Hills and generally called ‘kinnikinick.” In woods: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 3 (No, 855), PYROLACE A. Pyrola secunda L. Sp. Pl. 1, 396 (1753). In woods: Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 856). Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, Kongl. Vet. Acad. Hand]. ser. 2, xxxi, 194 (1810). Woods: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 19 (No. 857). Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Gen. i, 275 (1818). Shaded hillsides: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 19 (No. 858). Pyrola rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 896 (1753). Only one specimen, collected at Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No, 859). Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata (Nutt.) Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 460 (1876); Pyrola brac- teata Nutt. Gen. i, 270 (1818). The large bracts and purplish flowers distinguish this variety, which is reputed to be of a more westerly range. In a cold bog above Sylvan Lake, at an altitude of 2,100 m., July 19 (No, 860). Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. i, 269 (1818). In fruit from preceding year: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 3; in flower, Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,200 m,, August 19 (No. 861). PRIMULACE#. Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 72 (1889); Dodecatheon meadia pauciflorum Durand, Pl. Pratt. 95 (1855), On wooded hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 28 and June 2 (No. 862). A stouter form, approaching D, meadia, was collected at Custer, June 5 (No, 863). Androsace septentrionalis L. Sp. Pl. i, 142 (1753), Custer, altitude 1,650 m,, June 3; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 864). Androsace occidentalis Pursh, Fl. i, 137 (1814). Dry table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No, 865). 513 Steironema ciliatum (L.) Baudo, Ann. Sci, Nat. ser. 2, xx, 346 (1843); Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. 147 (1753). The leaves of the specimens from Custer are scarcely subcordate at the base. Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; east of Custer, on the French Creek, alti- tude, 1,500 m., July 22 (No. 866). Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby, in DC. Prodr. viii, 60 (1844); Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. Sp. Pl. i, 117 (1753). Wet places: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., July 29 (No. 867). Centunculus minimus L. Sp. Pl. i, 116 (1753). In Ruby Gulch, northwest of Custer, altitude 1,700 m,, August 20 (No. 868). OLEACEZ. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. Arb. Amer, 51 (1785). Along. Squaw Creck, above Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 86). Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borck.) Sargent, Silva Amer. vi, 50 (1894) ; Fraxinus lanceolata Borck. Handb. Forstbot. i, 826 (1800). Together with the preceding (No. 870), APOCYNACES. Apocynum androsemifolium L. Sp. Pl. i, 218 (1753). Borders of woods: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 24; Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., July 25; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m.,, June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No, S71). Specimens collected in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29, and at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 im., August 3, are ambiguous between this species and .t, cannabinum. The leaves are short-petioled, and the corolla greenish white and smaller than in -f. androsemifolium, and the branches upright (No. 872). ASCLEPIADACES. Asclepias ovalifolia Dec. in DC. Prodr. vili, 567 (1844). On French Creek, below Custer, altitude 1,500 m., July 22 (No, 873). Asclepias verticillata pumila Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, xii, 71 (1876). Prairie: Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 6 (No, 874). Acerates angustifolia! (Nutt.) Dec. in DC, Prodr. viii, 522 (1844); Polyotus angustt- folius Nutt. Trans, Amer. Phil, Soc. mn. ser. v, 20 (1853-1837). Minnekahta Plains, altitude 1,300 m., August 6 (No. 875). Acerates viridiflora® (Raf.) Eat. Man, ed. 5,90 (1829); Asclepias viridiflora Raf. Med. Rep. xi, 360 (1808). Only one specimen was collected: Minnekahta Plains, altitude 1,300 m., August 6 (No. 876). GENTIANACE. Gentiana acuta Mx. FI. i, 177 (1803); Gentiana amarella acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1, 428 (1872). The specimen appears to be a form of this species modilied by the habitat, viz, a heavily shaded hillside. The whole plant is light green, the leaves broad and thin, 3- to 5-ribbed. Young plants can searcely be distinguished from those of the next. The flowers are greenish yellow, occasionally a little bluish on the hmb, South of Asclepias viridiflora to the genus dcerates. 514 Tetragonanthus deflexus (Smith) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii, 431 (1891); Swertia deflera Smith, Rees’s Cyel. no. 8 (1816), In woods: Deadwood, altitude 1,400 m., July 5; Custer, altitude 1,700 m,, Aug- ust 15 (No. 878). FPrasera speciosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. i1, 66 (1838), High barren hills: Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 2; Limestone District, alti- tude 1,900 m., July 25 (No. 879), POLEMONIACE), Phlox douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 73 (1838), Common around Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 881), On wooded hillsides was found a peculiar Phlox, probably belonging to this spe- cies. The plant is prostrate, spreading, slender, with very narrow, subulate, weak, leaves, the corolla scarcely longer than the calyx. Hot Springs, altitude 1,300 m., June 15 (No. 880), Phlox douglasii andicola (Nutt. ) Britton, Mem. Torr, Club, v, 269 (1895); Phlox andicola Nutt.; Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. vill, 254 (1870). Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 882), Phlox kelseyi Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xix, 225 (1892), All specimens collected differ from the typical Phlox kelseyi in having nearly white instead of blue or lilac flowers. Two forms were found. One of them has long leaves 1.5 to 3em. long and 2 to 31mm. wide, and larger flowers on pedicels 1 to 2 em, long. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No, 883). The other is more cespitose, has shorter and broader leaves, 0.5 to 1.5 em, long and 3 to 4mm, wide, and the nearly sessile flowers haye shorter tubes. This is evidently the same as P. longifolia brevifolia Gray,' collected by Jenney, although I have not seen that plant. My specimens were collected about 20 miles from Jenneys Stockade, in the Limestone District, near Bull Springs, alti- tude 1,900 m., July 26. Britton refers Jenney’s plant to Phlox kelseyi, The original variety brevifolia? is to be referred to Phlox stansburyi (Torr.) Britton. From this Phlox kelseyi is easily distinguished by its larger flowers and the very broad, obovate lobes of the corolla (No. 884). Collomia linearis Nutt. Gen. i, 126 (1818), Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Lead City, altitude 1,500 m., July 17. The specimens from the latter place are unusually large and branching, some even 4 to 5 din. high (No, 8&5). Gilia spicata capitata Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. viii, 274 (1870), I believe that this is distinct from G, spicata. It resembles it in foliage, but the form of the corolla is different. Dry hills or table-lands: Hot “prings, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Deadwood, altitude 1,509 in, July 5; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 25 (No. 886). HYDROPHYLLACEZ:. Macrocalyx nyctelea (L.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. ii, 434 (1891); Ipomea nyctelea L. Sp. Pl. i, 160 (1753). Edgemont, altitude 1,050 m., May 27; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Ore- ville, altitude 1,630 m., July 16 (No. 887). BORAGINACE#. Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 182 (1891); Wyosotis virginica I, Sp. Pl.i, 131 (1753), Only one specimen in bloom, found near Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 888). ‘In Newton & Jenney, Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 535 (1880), *Gray, Syn. FI. ii, pt. i, 133 (1878). 515 Lappula deflexa americana ((ray) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 183 (1891); Hehinosper- mum deflecum americanum Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. xvii, 224 (1882). My specimens belong to a form with short, broad leaves and small flowers. Rare: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 889). Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 182 (1891); Hehinospermum flori- bundum Lehm. Pug. ii, 24 (1880). The common form has distinetly pinnately nerved leaves. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 890). At Oreville, altitude 1,650 m., July 16,a form was collected which differs, in hay- ing much thicker, narrowly lanceolate leaves, with a prominent midrib but obsolete lateral veins (No. 891). At Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11, a plant was collected, which I also refer here, although it differs considerably from the common form. It was collected in flower only, and as the fruit is necessary for full identification, I leave it with this species. The plant is tall, 1 to 2m. high, branched from an apparently perennial root, making big, bushy clumps of a dozen stems or more, The upper parts of the plant are yellowish silky, the lower somewhat strigose; the lower leaves spatulate, the upper lanceolate, thickish, with a prominent midrib, the lateral veins obsolete (No, 892). Lappula redowskii occidentalis (Wats.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. iii, 170 (1895); Echinospermum redowskii occidentale (Wats.) Bot. King Sury, 246 (1871). Some of the specimens resemble L. lappula in having a larger, more campanulate corolla and being more branched from the base and more leafy. The immature fruit shows characters which place it with DL. redowshkii. Kdgemont, altitude 1,050 m., May 27; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 576). The common form was collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Her- mosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 23; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 577). Oreocarya glomerata (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia, i, 58 (1887); Cynoglossum glomera- tum Pursh, FL. ii, 729 (1814). High table-lands and hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7 (No. 893). Cryptanthe pattersoni (Gray) Greene, Pittonia, i, 120 (1887); Arynitzkia pattersoni Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. xx, 268 (1885). The seeds are brown-spotted and less attenuate than in ©, fendleri, but otherwise as in that species. ‘The leaves are also broader. Lead City, altitude 1,600 1n., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 894), No. 895 is a small Cryptanthe, perhaps nearly related, but there are no fruits in the collection, hence it can not be determined, It looks very like some specimens in the National Herbarium labeled Arynitzkia afinis, but it may be an undeveloped form of nearly any of the related species. Buckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 16. Myosotis verna macrosperma (Engelm.); Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sei. xlvi, 98 (1844). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 575). Myosotis sylvatica Hoffmann, Deutsch. FI. i, 85 (1791). Slender, 1.5 to 3 dm. high, raceme loose, the pedicels longer than the fruiting calyx. It does not belong to the variety alpestris, which has been regarded as the only American form, but rather to the species. High altitudes in damp places among rocks: Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No. 896). Mertensia sibirica (L.) Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. iv, 319 (1888) ; Pulmonaria sibirica L. Sp. Pl. i, 185 (1753). ; A single fruiting specimen, which seems to belong to this species, was collected at Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 897). 516 Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. iv, 318 (1838); Pulmonaria pan- teulata Ait. Hort. Kew. i, 181 (1789). In the few specimens collected the calyx is not ciliate and the corolla only 6 to 8 mm. long. Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 898). Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC. Prodr., x, 88 (1846); Pulmonaria lanceolata Pursh, Fl. ii, 729 (1814), There seem to be two forms of this species, one with larger flowers, about 1 em. long, the tube more abruptly widening into the campanulate limb, thicker, somewhat fleshy leaves, and more simple stem, This is the more common form in the Black Hills. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 30 (No. 899). The form growing in western Nebraska with thin leaves of a light-green color, paniculately branched stem, and smaller, more funnelform flowers was found near Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No, 900). Lithospermum angustifolium Mx. FI. i, 130 (1803). Prairie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15; Buffalo Gap, altitude 1,100 m., June 21; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 901). Onosmodium molle Mx. FI. i, 133 (1803), Prairie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16 (No. 902). CONVOLVULACEZ. Evolvulus nuttallianus Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. vi, 198 (1820); KE. argenteus Pursh, I'l. i, 187 (1814), not R. Br. Prodr, (1810); /. pilosus Nutt, Gen. i, 174 (1818), not Lam. Rare: collected in fruit only at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 903). Ipomeea leptophylla Torr, in Prem, First Rep. 94 (1843), Prairie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 in, June 15 (No. 578), Convolvulus sepium IL, Sp. Pl. i, 153 (1753). Rare: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No, 904), SOLANACES, Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. i, 128 (1818). On the railroad embankment north of Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 905). Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. i, 186 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 906). Solanum rostratum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 234 (1813). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 907). Physalis heterophylla Nees, Linnwa, vi, 463 (1831); Physalis viscosa Pursh, F1. i, 157 (1814), not L.; Physalis virginiana Gray, Prot. Amer. Acad, x, 65 (1874), not Mill. This is an upright form with thinner leaves and searcely glandular at all. Hills, on French Creek east of Custer, altitude 1,500 m., July 23 (No. 908), Physalis longifolia Nutt. Trans, Amer. Phil. See. ser. 2, v, 193 (1837). Among bushes: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 18 (No, 910). Physalis virginiana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed, 8, no. 4 (1768); Physalis lanceolata Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. x, 67 (1874), not Mx. This is the common form of P. virginiana. Tt differs from the type slightly in the leaves, which are less sinuately toothed. ‘The original P, virginiana, described and figured by Miller, has deeply toothed leaves and the whole plant is more or less glutinous. It is a very rare form. The few poor specimens in this collection are more or less pubescent, with sinuately toothed or wavy-margined leaves, yellow fruit, and a pyramidal, angled, fruiting calyx with a sunken base, a character which distinguishes all forms of this species from 2’, lanceolata Mx. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 909). 517 SCROPHULARIACE. Verbascum thapsus L. Sp. Pl. i, 177 (1753). Introduced on the railroad embankment near Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., August 10 (No, 911). Only two plants collected, Collinsia parviflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiii, t. 1082 (1827). Dry hillsides: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 27; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 913). Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum. Bot. Cult. ii, 96 (1802) ; Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. Pl. ii, 618 (1753). Very slender and depauperate, apparently with cleistogamous flowers. The same form has also been collected in Nebraska by Rev. J. M, Bates, of Valentine. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 912). Scrophularia nodosa occidentalis, var. nov. Tall, 1 to 1.5m. high, glandular, especially on the upper part of the stem; leaves ovate or slightly heartshaped at the base, doubly and sharply serrate or incised ; petioled, with fascicles of smaller leaves in the axils; panicle with short branches; sepals rounded-elliptical, obtuse, slightly margined; corolla lurid-greenish, gibbose at the base; sterile stamens very broad, kidney-shaped on a claw. It differs from S, nodosa proper and S. nodosa marilandica in being glandular and in the sharp serration of the leaves; from S. californica in its larger flowers, sharper serrations, stout habit, and the form of the sterile stamen; from all three in the more gibbose corolla. No. 997, Suksdorf seems to belong to the same variety. Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., July 25 (No. 914). Most of the specimens were dam- aged by rain while in the press. Pentstemon grandiflorus Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. (1813). Prairies: Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 24 (No. 915). Pentstemon glaber Pursh, Fl. ii, 738 (1814). Hills: North of Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 95 Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 18 (No. 916). Pentstemon angustifolius Pursh, FI. ii, 738 (1814), not Lindl, (1827); P. cwruleus Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (1818). Only two specimens collected: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 917). Pentstemon jamesii Benth, in DC. Prodr. x, 525 (1846). My specimens are like Fendler’s No. 575, This, with his No. 579 and the original specimens of James, are the only ones cited by Gray in his synopsis of the genus in the Proceedings of the American Academy.’ L think Watson’s No. 778, named P. cristatus, should also be referred to this species. ‘Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 16 (No, 918). Pentstemon erianthera Pursh, Fl. ii, 737 (1814). P. cristatus Nutt.2 is a nomen nudum; hence P. erianthera Pursh, is the oldest name. Only four specimens of this were collected, two in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29, and two depauperate ones in the Limestone District near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 919). Pentstemon albidus Nutt. Gen. ii, 53 (1818). Only one specimen, found near Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23 (No, 920). Pentstemon gracilis Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (1815). Common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 15; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 22; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11 (No. 921). Mimulus luteus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, ii, 884 (1763). In a wet, shady place near a stream, southwest of Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 9 (No. 922). 1 vi, 67 (1866). 2 Fraser’s Cat, (1818). 518 Mimulus glabratus jamesii (Torr. & Gray) Gray, Syn. FI. Suppl. 447 (1886); Mimulus jamesii Torr. & Gr.; DC. Prodr, x, 371 (1846). In water: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 18; Custer, altitude 1,600 m,, August 1; Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No, 923), Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. Pl. i, 17 (1753). The corolla in my specimens is fully twice as long as the calyx, In marshy places: Buckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16; west of Custer, alti- tude 1,700 i., July 25 (No. 924). Wulfenia rubra (Hook.) Greene, Erythea, 11, 83 (1894); Gymnandra rubra Hook. FI. Bor, Amer. ii, 103 (1858). ‘ Hillsides: Custer, altitude 1,100 m., June 6 (No. 925), Veronica anagallis L. Sp. Pl. i, 12 (1753). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 16 (No. 926). Veronica americana Schwein.; Benth, in DC. Prodr, x, 468 (1846). Rapid Creek, altitude 1,000 m., June 25; Whitewood, altitude 1,150 m., July 7; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 927), Veronica peregrina L. Sp. Pl. i, 14 (1753), My specimens are decidedly glandular. Hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m.,, July 6 (No, 928). Castilleja acuminata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. ii, 775 (1825); Bartsia acuminata Parsh, Fl. ii, 429 (1814), Woods: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 in., July 6 (No. 929), Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh, FI. ii, 738 (1814). Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No, 930), Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. li, 57 (1818). Meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 931). VERBENACEZA. Verbena stricta Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 53 (1800), Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 932), Verbena hastata L. Sp. Pl. i, 20 (1753). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 16 (No, 933). Verbena bracteosa Mx. Fl. ii, 13 (1803). Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 9 (No. 984). Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. ii, 125 (1821). . Prairie, 2 miles east of Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 18 (No. 935). OROBANCHACE A. Thalesia fasciculata (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, v, 298 (1894); Orebanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen, ii, 59 (1818), Rare: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., June 6 (No. 936), Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 11, 58 (1818). On the railroad embankment between Hot Springs and Fall River Falls, altitude 1,050 m., August 8 (No. 937). LABIATS. Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. Lab, 181 (1833). Gray, in the Synoptical Flora, cites M. borealis Mx. as a synonym, but this plant does not agree with the description of Michaux’s species, which perhaps is the typical M. canadensis and not the variety. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3; Custer, altitude 1,650 im., August 20 No, 938). 519 Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. 8, Car. & Georg. i, 26 (1816). Wet meadows: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 20 (No. 939). Hedeoma hispida Pursh, I'l. ii, 414 (1814). Dry places: Rochford, altitude 1,700, July 11; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1; Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 4 (No. 940), Hedeoma drummondii Benth. Lab. 368 (1854). Dry soil: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m,, August 2 (No. 941). Salvia lanceolata Willd. Enum. 37 (1809). The leaves are broadly oblong or spatiate. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No, 912), Monarda fistulosa mollis (L..) Benth. Lab. 317 (1833); Jonarda mollis L. Amon, Acad. iii, 399 (1756). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 15 (No. 943); Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. O44). Vleckia anethiodora (Nutt.) Greene, Mem. Torr, Club, v, 282 (1894); Hyssopus anethiodorus Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. (1813). Among bushes: Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7; east of Custer, on the French Creek, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No. 945). Tors) Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 600 (1753). In damp woods: Whitewood, altitude 1,150 m., July 7; east of Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No, 946). Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. ii, 35 (1818). Hills: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,800 m., July 12 (No. 947). Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. I’. ii, 599 (1753). In French Creek, near Custer, altitude 1,600 m., Jnly 16 and August 1 (No, 948). Stachys palustris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 580 (1753). Two forms were met with, one with short, oblong leaves, smaller and darker flowers, and more hairy stem (No. 949); the other with longer, lanceolate leaves, and larger light-colored flowers (No. 1208). Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 7; Custer, altitude 1,700 in., August 20. Stachys aspera Mx. Fl. 1, 5 (1803). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 20 (No. 950). PLANTAGINACES. Plantago major L. Sp. Pl. i, 112 (1753). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 951). Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii, 120 (1818). Dry plains: Minnekahta, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 952). NYCTAGINACES. - Allionia nyctaginea Mx. Fl. i, 100 (1803). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 2 (No. 953). Allionia hirsuta Pursh, FI. ii, 728 (1814). Two forms were met with, which seem very distinct, but my collection from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska shows that they grade into each other, One has very broad, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong leaves, the stem hairy throughout, Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 954), The other has narrow, lanceolate leaves, the stem hairy only at the nodes. Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 11; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 2 (No. 950). 520 Allionia albida Walt. Fl. Car. 84 (1788). There are two forms in the collection, which I refer to this species. The material is too scanty and poor for a satisfactory determination. One form with broadly lanceolate leaves was obtained at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 956). The other form, with very narrowly lanceolate or linear leaves, grew on the plains between Custer and Fairburn, altitude 1,400 n., July 23 (No. 957). Both forms differ from A. hirsuta in being smooth up to the pedunele, and from 4, linearis in the leaves, which are undulate and sparingly ciliolate on the margin, and in the pedun- cles and involucres, which are hispid. Allionia linearis Pursh, I'l. ii, 728 (1814), Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No, 958), AMARANTHACES. Amaranthus blitoides Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xii, 273 (1877). Railroad embankment, Minnekahta, altitude 1,270 m., August 4 (No, 960), CHENOPODIACES. Chenopodium hybridum I. Sp. Pl. i, 219 (1753). One specimen, collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 17 (No. 961). Chenopodium album L. Sp. Pl. i, 219 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 17 (No. 962). Chenopodium fremonti Wats. Bot. King Surv. 287 (1871). In damp woods: Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 20 (No. 963). Chenopodium fremonti incanum Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, ix, 94 (1874). Two small specimens collected near Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 17 (No. 964), Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt.; Mog. in DC. Prodr. xiii, pt. 2, 71 (1819), as synonym; C. album leptophyllum Moq. in DC, Prodr. loc, cit, Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m,, June 17 (No. 965). Chenopodium capitatum (l.) Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 48 (1880); Blitum capitatum I. Sp. Pl. i, 4 (1753). Near the railroad, at Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 1L (No. 966). Monolepis nuttalliana (Roem. & Schult.) Greene, I'l, Fran. 168 (1891); Blitum nut- tallianum Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. i, 65 (1822). The leaves are more or less sinuately lobed, and the stem more upright than in Nebraska specimens. Buffalo Gap, altitude 1,000 m., June 21; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 967). POLYGONACES,. Eriogonum flavum Nutt. Fraser's Cat. 1813. Dry hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4 (No. 968). Eriogonum annuum Nutt. Trans. Amer, Phil. Soc. ser. 2, v, 164 (18383-1837). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 8 (No. 969). Eriogonum pauciflorum Pursh, FI, ii, 735 (1814), The specimens agree well with the description of this species, except that the invo- lucre is narrowly turbinate, and the lobes scarcely scarious-margined, and that the scape is more slender and the leaves are nearly glabrous above. Dry hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23 (No. 970), Eriogonum multiceps Nees, in Max. Reise N. A. ii, 446 (1841). Gypsum hills, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No, 971). 521 Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. ii, 733 (1814). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 27 (No. 972). Rumex occidentalis Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xii, 253 (1876). Near water: Buffalo Gap, altitude 975 m., June 21; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 973). Rumex salicifolius Weinm. Fl. iv, 28 (1821). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 974). Rumex crispus L. Sp. Pl. i, $35 (1753). I believe this is a native of the Black Hills as well as of western Nebraska. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 9; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No, 975). Rumex acetosella L. Sp. Pl. i, 838 (1753). Introduced: near Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7 (No. 976). Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. Pl. i, 362 (1753). Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 11 (No. 977). No. 978 is a small, undeveloped, erect form which I took to belong to this species. Mr. J. K. Small, who has identified the species of Polygonum, writes: “It might bea form of aviculare, litorale, or ramosissimum.” Polygonum litorale Link, Schrad. Journ. Bot. i, 54 (1799); Common along the railroad above Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 979), Some specimens are more upright and have broad, elliptical leaves (No. 980). Polygonum ramosissimum Mx. F 1. i, 287 (1803). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 982), Some luxuriant specimens, more decumbent and spreading, with thicker leaves, resemble, according to Mr. Small, a form that has been named variety patulum by Engelmann in manuscript. Hot Springs, August 9 (No. 981). Polygonum sawatchense Small, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 213 (1893). Mr. Small remarks about this: “Slender form due to the lower altitude than that of the type.” Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 16 (No, 983). Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. i, 125 (1885). Tall, 4 to 7 dm. high, with conspicuous, strongly nerved sheath. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 984). Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. Pl. i, 860 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 985). Polygonum emersum (Mx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y, Acad. viii, 738 (1889); Poly- gonum amphibium emersum Mx. Fl, i, 240 (1803). French Creek, east of Custer, altitude 1,100 m., July 22 (No. 986). Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. PI. i, 3860 (1753). In wet place, among moss, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No. 987). Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. Pl. i, 364 (1753). Railroad embankment, Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 988). ELEAGNACES. Bleagnus argentea Pursh, Fl. i, 114 ( 1814). Hills in the Limestone District, near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27, (No. 989). Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 122 (1890); Hippophaé canaden- sis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1024 (1753). Woods: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 30; Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 28; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 990). Lepargyrea argentea (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia, ii, 122 (1890); Hleagnus argentea Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. (1813). A few bushes were seen near Hot Springs, but no specimens were secured, 13144—No. 8 5 SANTALACE. Comandra pallida A. DC. Prodr. xiv, 636 (1857). Table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 19; Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23 (No. 991). EUPHORBIACESA.. Euphorbia glyptosperma [Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. 187 (1859). Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 992). Euphorbia hexagona Nutt.; Spreng. Syst. iii, 791 (1826). Sand draw: Hot Springs, altitude 1,150 m., August 9 (No. 993), Buphorbia marginata Pursh, Fl. 1i, 607 (1814), Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 994). Euphorbia dentata Mx. FI. ii, 211 (1803). A very variable species. In the same spot were found specimens which might be referred to /. dentata proper, to variety rigida, and to variety linearis. Some even approached /. cuphosperma Engelm,, which seems to me, however, to be a variety of £. dentata, In several cases the seeds approach those of /, cuphosperma, being more or less ovoid-pyramidal, with a groove on one side. The leaves are from broadly ovate to linear, and from coarsely dentate to nearly entire. Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,05u m., June 19 and August 3 (No. 995). Euphorbia dictyosperma Fisch. & Mey, Ind. Hort. Petrop. ii, 87 (1835). Hot Springs with the preceding, June 17 and August 3 (No, 996). Euphorbia montana robusta Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. 192 (1859). Hillsides: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17 (No. 997). Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg, in DC, Prodr. xv, pt. 2, 692 (1866); Hen- decandra texensis Klotzsch, in Eriehs. Archiv. i, 252 (1841). Sandy soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 998), URTICACES. . Ulmus americana L. Sp. Pl. i, 226 (1753). Along Fall River, altitude 1,000 to 1,100 m., rare. August 8 (No. 999). Celtis occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1044 (1753), Only one shrubby specimen seen, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,060 m., August 8 (No. 1000), Urtica gracilis Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 841 (1879). Not common: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 1 (No. 1001). Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 955 (1805). In shady woods, rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 1002). Humulus lupulus L. Sp. PL. ii, 1028 (1753). Along French Creek, below Custer, rare; altitude 1,500 m., July 22 (No. 1003). CUPULIFERS. Betula papyrifera Marsh. Arb. Amer. 19 (1785). Common in the Black Hills proper. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 1004). Betula occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 155 [1838]. The common form in the Black Halls is a tree about 10m. high with leaves about as large as those of the preceding. In bloom: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5; Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 27 (No. 1005). Another form was found scarcely 4m, high with smaller, sharply and doubly serrate leaves, more glandular stem, shorter aments with shorter lateral lobes to the bracts. It approaches the next somewhat in habit and general appearance, but evidently belongs to B. occiden- talis. Near a brook: Oreville, altitude 1,625 m., July 23 (No. 1006). 523 Betula glandulosa Mx. Fl. Bor. Amer, ii, 180 (1803). A shrub1 to1.5m. high. Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 1007). Corylus rostrata Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 364 (1789). Here and there in the hills, but not common: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m,, June 29 (No. 1008). Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 469 (1805); Carpinus virginiana Mill, Dict. ed. 8, no. 4 (1768). Among the foothills: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25 (No. 1009). Quercus macrocarpa Mx. Hist. Chen. Amer. ii, 2 (1801). In the foothills. In most places only shrubby, 3 to 6 m, high, knotty. On the upper Squaw Creek, east of Custer, there were good-sized trees. Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 24; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 1010). At the first pluce specimens occurred which had more narrowly lobed leaves and a more straight and vigorous growth. Only young trees were seen (No. 1011). SALICACEA. > Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. & For. viii, 463 (1895); Salix rostrata Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 753 (1823), not Thuil. Fl, Par. 516 (1790), nor Schleich (1807) ; S. vagans occidentalis Anders. Kongl. Akad. Stock. Férh, (1858), not S. occidentalis Bose, in Koch, Sal. Com. 16 (1828), A shrub 1 to 3 meters high. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., May 30 (No. 1012); June 6 (No. 1013), In fruit and leaf: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 30 (No. 1016); Hermosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 24; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 7 (No. 1018). A few specimens with thick leaves as in S. humilis and S. tristis were collected at Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12. Even these have been referred to 8. rostrata by Mr. Bebb (No. 1019), Salix discolor Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 234 (1803). A shrub 2 to 8m. high. Custer, altitude, 1,700 m., June 4 (No, 1014). Salix cordata Muhl. Neue Schrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 236 (1803). Near water: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4 (No. 1015); leaves, Lead City, alti- tude 1,600 m., July 9 (No, 1017). Salix fluviatilis Nutt. Sylva, 73 (1842); 8. longifolia Muhl. Neue Scrift. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, iv, 236 (1803), not Lam. Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11 (No. 1020). Populus tremuloides Mx. I'l. ii, 243 (1803). Common in the higher parts of the Black Ilills. Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 4, female flowers (No. 1021). Populus deltoides Marsh. Arb. Amer. 106 (1785); P. monilifera Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 406 (1809). Common in the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17, fruit; August 3, leaves (No. 1022). One tree, with unusually narrow crown, was found in a canyon east of Hot Springs, August 3. Of this all the leaves were longer than broad, cuneate at the base, with long acumination and with larger teeth than usual (No, 1023). Populus acuminata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 50 (1893). This is the same as No. 372 of my western Nebraska collection, but the leaves are broader and with shorter acumination, Only three trees found, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1024). Populus angustifolia James, Long Exped. i, 497 (1823). Common along Little Elk Creek, altitude 1,100 m., June 28 (No. 1025). 34 524 ORCHIDACEA. Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Deutsch, Fl. 448 (1880-1883); Ophrys coral- lorhiza L. Sp. Pl. ii, 945 (1753). Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 1026). Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. iii, 188 (1823). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,500 m., June 29; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Cus- ter, altitude 1,600 m., July 16; Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 19 (No. 1027). Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 193 (1813); Orchis hyperborea L. Mant. 121 (1767). Wet places: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; near Harneys Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 20 (No. 1028). Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 192 (18138); Orchis bracteata Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 34 (1805). Wet places in woods at high altitudes, near Harneys Peak, altitude 2,000 m., July 20 (No, 1029), Gyrostachys romanzoffiana (Cham.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val, 171 (1892); Spiranthes romanzofiara Cham. Linnia, iii, 32 (1828). Ruby Glen, near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 10380), Peramium repens (L.) Salish. Trans. Hort, Soc. i, 801 (1812); Satyrium repens L. Sp. Pl. ii, 945 (1753). Only two specimens found: below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 19 (No. 1031). Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soe. i, 77 (1791). In woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 in., June 28 (No. 1032), IRIDACE.2. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 58 (1834). This is the J. tolmeiana Herbert, of Newton and Jenney’s Report. Collected in fruit only: Piedmont, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12; Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1033), Sisyrinchium bermudiana L. Sp. PI. ii, 954 (1753). Among the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 19; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1034), LILIACEZ. Allium cernuum Roth, in Roem. Arch. Bot. i, pt. 3, 40 (1798), All specimens of this species, in the National Herbarium, from the Rocky Mountain region have narrow and apparently channeled leaves; those from the eastern United States have broad and flattened leaves. I do not know which form should be regarded as the typical one, as I have not seen the original description. The descrip- tion and figure in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine agree with the specimens of this col- lection and, as far as I can judge, with all from the Rocky Mountain region. There the leaves are represented as half-round and channeled, not as “sharply keeled” as they are described in Gray’s Manual, ed.6. In mine they are not keeled at all. Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 26; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No, 1035), Allium geyeri Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. xiv, 227 (1879). This, as also the next, is described as having crested capsules. The crests are, however, easily overlooked, being 2 small lobes on each valve, near the top. Over- looking these, I named this 4. mutabile and the next A. nuttallii, which they resem- : ble, respectively, in habit, Bull Springs, altitude 1.900 m., Tuly 26 (No. 1036), 525 Allium reticulatum Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. vi, 36 (1826-1831). Edgemont, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No, 1037). Leucocrinum montanum Nutt.; Gray, Ann. Lye. N. Y. iv, 110 (1837). Common around Custer, altitude 1,600 to 1,700 m., May 30 (No. 1038), Polygonatum biflorum commutatum (Roem, & Schult.) Morong, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 480 (1893); Convallaria commutata Roem. & Schult. Syst. vii, 1671 (1830). Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 1039). Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 316 (1894); Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt, Journ. Acad. Phila, vii, 58 (1834). Wooded hillside: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 1040). Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club, vy, 114 (1894); Convallaria stellata L. Sp. Pl. i, 316 (1753), Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 1042), A form with narrower, conduplicate leaves and slightly longer pedicels, corre- sponding to Unifolium liliaceum Greene, was also found. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 11 (No. 1041). Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club, xv, 287 (1888); Maianthemum canadensis Desf. Ann. Mus. Par, ix, 54 (1807). In shady woods: Little klk Canyon, altitude 1,100 m., June 27 (No. 1043). Yucca glauca Nutt. Fraser’s Cat. 1815. Among the foothills, east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 23 (No. 1044). Lilium umbellatum Pursh, I*l. i, 229 (1814). In woods: Little Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 27 (No. 1045). Calochortus gunnisoni Waits. Bot. King Surv. 348 (1871). In all specimens collected by me, the bulb was only a few inches below the surface, and at the time of blooming without a secondary bulb. Hill above Whitewood, altitude 1,200 m., July 7 (No. 1046). Calochortus nuttallii Torr. & Gr. Pac, R. Rep. ii, pt. 2, 124 (1855). In this the bulb was deep down, 15 to 25 cm. below the surface, at the time of blooming, often with a secondary small bulb a few em. above the principal ones. Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., June 19 (No, 1047). Streptopus amplexifolius (.) DC. FI. Fran. iii, 174 (1805); Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. Pl. i, 304 (1758). Near water: Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 20 and Aueust 7 (No, 1048), Disporum trachycarpum (Wats.) Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. iii, 832 (1883); Pro- sartes trachycarpa Wats. Bot. King Surv. 344 (1871). In shady places below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June & and August 17 (No. 1049). 2ygadenus elegans Pursh, I'l. i, 241 (1814), Little Elk River, altitude 1,200 m., June 27; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,300 m., June 29; Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 26 (No. 1050). Zygadenus venenosus Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. xiv, 279 (1879). This species has been confused with Z. nuttallii. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15 (No. 1051). SMILACACE. Smilax herbacea L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1030 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 19 (No, 1052), COMMELINACEA. Tradescantia virginiana L. Sp. Pl. i, 288 (1753). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No, 1053), 526 JUNCACEZ. Juncus vaseyi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. ii, 448 (1866). In habit very much resembling the next, from which it differs in the longer, nar- rower capsule and the tailed seeds. It was growing together with the next at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 n., August 3 (No. 1054), Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. il, 214 (1799). Hot Springs, altitude 1,050m., August 3; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., May 30 (No, 1055). Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. i, 328 (1753). Rare: Hermosa, altitude 1,050 m., June 22 (No. 1056). Juncus longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 228 (1859). Not common: Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 6 (No. 1057). Juncus xiphioides montanus Iinge!m. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii, 481 (1868). Rare; wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 16 (No. 1058). Juncus nodosus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, i, 466 (1762). Banks of Fall River, near Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1060). Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull, Torr. Club, xxii, 303 (1895); Juneus nodosus megace- phalus Torr. FIN. Y. ii, 826 (1843), not J. megacephalus Curtis. With the preceding (No. 1061). Juncoides comosum (Meyer) Sheldon, Bull. Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Minn. ix, 64 (1894); Luzula comosa Meyer, Syn. Luz. 18 (1823). Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1062). ALISMACE. Sagittaria arifolia (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. vi, [reprint 6] (1894). The akenes are not mature cnough for satisfactory identification. Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1063). ZANNICHELLIACEA. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. Pl. i, 127 (1758). In the warm springs above Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1064). Potamogeton foliosus Raf. Med. Rep. ser. 2, v, 354 (1808). In the warm springs: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 15 (No. 1065). LEMNACES. Lemna minor L. Sp. P1. ii, 970 (1753). Rapid Creek, altitude 1,000 m., July 25 (No. 1066). CYPERACEA. Cyperus aristatus Rottb. Dese. & Icon. 23 (1773). Rare: only a few small specimens collected in Ruby Glen, Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No, 1067). Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. ili, 455 (1836). Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 1068). Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. i, 68 (1805), Very rare; only one poorspecimen secured: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1069), Scirpus lacustris I. Sp. Pl. i, 48 (1753). Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1070). Scirpus atrovirens pallidus Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad, ix, 14 (1889). In French Creek, at Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 1 (No. 1071). 527 Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth, Enum, ii, 170 (1837); Eriophorum cyperinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2,1, 77 (1762). Rare: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16 (No. 1072). Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 1078 (1777). Banks of French Creek, Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16 (No. 1073). Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 151 (1817); Scirpus palus- tris L. Sp. Pl. i, 47 (1753). The specimens of the form most common in the Black Hills are slender and resem- ble variety glaucescens in habit, but the tubercle is rhomboidal, constricted below. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16 (No. 1074). At Hot Springs, altitude 1,060 m., August 3, specimens were collected which had a taller, flattened culm, 6 to 8 dm. high; finely striate and purplish at the base; spikes large with thick, scarious-margined bracts. No akenes were seen (No. 1075). Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees, Linniwa, ix, 294 (1885); Scirpus acuminatus Muhl. Gram. 27 (1817). Low, about 2 to 2.5 dm, high, slender, flat, resembling EF. tenuis, but the akenes are those of /. acuminata, viz, bluntly triangular, finely muricate, yellowish, with the tubercle small, pyramidal. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 6; Hermosa, altitude 1,000 m., June 24 (No. 1076). Carex straminea crawei! Booit, I]. 121 (1562). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 5 (No. 1077). Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. ii, 204 (1818). This is regarded as very good for ‘winter pasture,” and very likely has a nutritive value. Ona dry table-land: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 14 (No. 1078). Carex pennsylvanica Lam. Encyel. iii, 388 (1789). A western form with very long leaves (over 1.5 dm. long), was found in the open valieys near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No, 1079). A low form with short leaves was common in early spring in the same valleys; May 5 (No. 1080), Carex marcida Boott; Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 212 (1839). Two forms were collected, which Professor Bailey doubtfully refers to this species, They are both too young for identification. One, more tufted and lower, was found in the open valleys near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5 (No. 1081). The other, taller and more simple, was growing in a similar place, June 4 (No. LOS4). Carex richardsonii R. Br.; Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. 751 (1823). Common throughout the open > valleys around Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 6 (No. 1082). Carex stenophylla Wahl. Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Hand. ser. 2, xxiv, 142 (1803). The specimens are too young for identification, but are referred, subject to question, to this species. Open valley around Custer, June 1 (No. 1083). Carex stricta Lam. Enecyel. 1ii, 387 (1789). A form of this species, very slender, with long, soft leaves. In a damp, shaded place below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., June 9 and July 18 (No, 1085). Carex siccata Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. x, 278 (1826). Rare: on the railroad embankment in Elk Canyon, altitute 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1086). Carex festiva Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci, xxix, 246 (1835). Very rare: near Rapid Creek, Rochford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No, 1087). Carex utriculata Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii, 221 (1839). Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 1088). ‘The Carices of this collection were determined by Prof. L. H. Bailey. 528 Carex longirostris Torr.; Schwein. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i, 71 (1824). In « shady, wet place below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 19 (No. 1089). Carex nebraskensis Dewey, Amer. Journ, Sci. ser, 2, xviii, 102 (1854), Meadow, near Custer, altitude 1,050 m., July 16 (No. 1090). Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann, Lye. N. Y. i, 71 (1824). Rare: in wet meadow, near Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 1091). Carex deweyana Schwein, Ann, Lye, N. Y. i, 65 (1824). Rare: together with last, July 16 (No. 1092). Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. ii, 205 (1818), Hills near Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 10938a@). Carex varia Muhl.; Wahl. Kongl. Sven. Vet. Akad. Handl. ser. 2, xxiv, 159 (1803). Wet places in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, L094), Carex laxiflora blanda (Dewey) Boott, Il. 37 (1858); C. blanda Dewey, Amer. Journ. Sci. x, 45 (1826). Sylvan Lake, July 18 (No. 1095). Carex tribuloides bebbii (Olney) Bailey, Mem. Torr, Club, i, 55 (1889); C. bebbii Olney, Exsice. fase. 2, no. 12 (1871). Together with C. straminea crawet at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1209a). Carex tenella Schk. Riedgr. 23 (1801). Rare: together with C. deweyana and C. retrorsa, below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., July 18 (No, 1210a). GRAMINES. Panicum capillare L. Sp. Pl. i, 58 (1753). A very small and slender form, the same as No. 1788 of my collection from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska. Ilot Springs, altitude 1,050 n., August 9 (No. L096), Panicum virgatum L. Sp. Pl. i, 59 (17538), Hillside, near Fall River Falls, altitude 1,000 m., July 10 (No. 1097). Panicum scoparium Lam. Eneyel. iv, 744 (1797). Hill, Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 9 (No. 1098). Panicum dichotomum IL. Sp. Pl. i, 58 (1753), A low and hairy form, Bull Springs in the Limestone District, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No. 1099). Panicum depauperatum Muhil. Deser, Gram, 112 (1817). Dry hills: Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 4; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 18 (No. 1100). Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. Pl. i, 56 (1753). A low and smooth form. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 1101). Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Agrost. (1812); Panicum viride L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, i, 83 (1762). In the specimens collected, the bristles are unusually long and generally purplish. Railroad embankment near Minnekahta, altitude 1,270 m., August 4 (No. 1102). Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. Enum. 80 (1809); Dactylis cynosuroides 1. Sp. Pl. i, TL (1753). Custer, altitude 1650 m., July 16 (No. 1103), Beckmannia eruceeformis (L.) Host, Gram. Austr. iii, 5, t. 6 (1805); Phalaris eru- eaformis L. Sp. Pl. i, 55 (1753). In a pond north of Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 10980). Andropogon provincialis Lam. Eneyel. i, 376 (1783). A glancous form approaching 4. hallii, Minnekahta Plains, altitude 1,300 m., August 5 (No, 1104). 529 Andropogon scoparius Mx. Fl. i, 57 (1803). A wholly smooth form, tufted, with flattened sheaths. Minnekahta Plains, alti- tude 1,300 m., August 5 (No. 1105). Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. Pl. i, 55 (1753). In a stream near Buffalo Gap, altitude 975 m., June 21 (No, 1106). Savastana odorata (L.) Scribner, Mem. Torr, Club, v, 34 (1894); Holcus odoratus L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1048 (1753). Rare: Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1107). Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Scribn. Mem. Torr, Club, v, 38 (1894); A, fulvus Smith, Engl. Bot. t. 1467 (1795). Common: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16 (No. 1108). Phleum pratense L. Sp. Pl. i, 59 (1755). Near a brook, south of Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 9 (No, 1109), Stipa spartea Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb, ser. 6, i, 82 (1829). Hills: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 1110). Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser, 6, v, 75 (1842). Hills: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16 (No. 1111). Stipa viridula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, 11, 39 (1836). Hills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No, 1112). Stipa richardsonii Link, Hort. Berol. 1i, 245 (1833). This is the true S. richardsonii Link, according to Prof. F. Lamson-Scribner, not the plantso named in Gray’s Manual, which isa distinct species, S. macounii Scribner. As most descriptions refer to this latter, I at first thought that my plant was a new species and described it as follows: Culms tufted from a short rootstock, slender, 6 to 9dm. high, smooth; root leaves 1.5 to 2.5 dm. long, stiff, involute, from a loose sheath, mimutely scabrous; panicle of slender, flexuose capillary branches, 1 to 1.5 dm. long, which are generally in pairs; outer glumes ovate, membranaceous above, hyaline and acute, unequal, both 3-nerved, purplish when young; flowering glumes only 4mm. long, black when mature, thinly hairy allover; awn 15 to 25mm. long, bent at the middle, the lower half twisted, sightly hairy, It much resembles S. avenacea, but has a grain of only two-thirds the size and an awn scarcely one-half as long. On wooded hills: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 19 (No. 1118). Oryzopsis asperifolia Mx. F1.1, 51 (18 3). Both this and the next are wanting in Coulter’s Manual. Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,800 m., June 8 (No, 1114), Oryzopsis juncea (Mx.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67 (1888); Stipa juncea Mx, FI. i, 54 (1803). ‘ Together with the preceding (No, 1115). Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb Proc. Acad. Phila, 1863, 78 (1863) ; Urachne micrantha Trin. & Rupr. Mem, Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, Vv, 16 (1842), Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No, 1116). Oryzopsis cuspidata (Nutt.) Benth; Vasey, Grasses U.S. 23 (1883); Eriocoma cus- pidata Nutt. Gen. i, 40 (1818); Orysopsis membranacea (Pursh) Vasey, Grasses 8S. W. pt. 2, t. 10 (1891); Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. ii, 728 (1814), not L. In canyons: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No, 1117). Aristida fasciculata Torr. Ann. Lyc, N.Y. 1, 154 (1824). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1118). 530 Muhlenbergia racemosa (Mx.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67 (1888); Agrostis racemosa Mx. FI. i, 53 (1803). A tall and leafy form which may perhaps be referred to the variety ramosa. Com- mon on French Creek, altitude 1,600 m., July 22 (No, 1120). A few specimens were collected near Custer, altitude 1,100 m., August 1, which differ in being more slender and in the empty glumes having longer awns (No. 1121). Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray, Man. 576 (1848); Agrostis cryptandra Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. i, 151 (1824), Table-lands: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 10 (No. 1122), Sporobolus heterolepis Gray, Man. ed. i, 576 (1848); Vilfa heterolepis Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. iii, 233 (1835). Rare: Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No, 1123). Sporobolus cuspidatus (Torr.) Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club. x, 63 (1882); Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook. Fl, Bor. Amer. ii, 238 (1840). In Gray’s list, Newton & Jenney’s Report.! Agrostis alba L. Sp. PI. i, 68 (1753). In wet meadows below Custer, altitude 1,600 m,, August 1 (No. 1124). Agrostis exarata Trin. Unifl. 207 (1824). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 10 (No. 1125). Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. Cat. Pl. N. Y. 68 (1888); Cornucopia hyematlis Walt, Fl. Car. 74 (1788), teste Mx. The specimens have broad, upright leaves, Wet meadow: Custer, altitude 1,600 m., July 16 (No. 1126). ; Calamagrostis canadensis Mx. Beauv. Agrost. 15 (1812); Arundo canadensis Mx. F1. i, 73 (1803). . In my specimens the leaves are more or less involute. Along Fall River, Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., Angust 10 (1128). Calamagrostis canadensis dubia (Scribner) Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. iii, 80 (1892) ; Deyewxria dubia Scribner, Bot. Gaz, xi, 174 (1886). Wet meadow, below Custer, altitude 1,600 m., August 16 (No. 1127) Calamagrostis neglecta (Khrh.) Gaertn. Fl. Wett. i, {1 (1799); Arundo neglecta Ebrh. Beitr. vi, 187 (1791). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1129). Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. iii, 83 (1892), Very probably this is a distinct species. It differs much from C. sylvatica of Europe. Woods: Rochford, altitude 1,650 m., July 11 (No. 1130). Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Hack. True Grasses, 118 (1890); Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer, ji, 241 (1840). Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 9 (No. 1131). Avena striata Mx. I]. i, 73 (1803). In woods: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 30; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 (No. 1182). Danthonia spicata (l.) Beauyv.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 690 (1817); Avena spicata L. Sp. Pl. i, 80 (1753). ; In woods, not uncommon: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., August 16 (No. 1133). Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease; Branner & Coville, Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark, 1888, pt. 4, 236 (1891); Lepturus paniculatus Nutt. Gen. i, 81 (1818). Very rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 19 (No, 1134), ' Geol. Surv, Black Hills, 537 (1880). 531 Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Var. Cienc. y Litter. ii, pt. 4, 141 (1805). Prairies: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 19 (No. 1135). Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr.; Gray, Man. ed, 2,553 (1856); Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt. Gen. i, 78 (1818). Prairies: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 1) (No. 1186). Bouteloua curtipendula (Mx.) Torr. in Emory, Mil. Recon. 153 (1848); Chloris curtipendula, Mx, Fl. i, 59 (1803). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 1) (No, 1137). Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf.; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii, 763 (1891); Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. Gen. i, 65 (1818). Prairies: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; on the French Creek, east of Custer, altitude 1,400 m., July 18 (No. 1158). Keeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. i, 97 (1805); -tira cristata L. Sp. Pl. i, 65 (1753). Common: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m. | June 30; Lead City, altitude 1,700 m., July 9; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 1189). Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. ed. 2, 558 (1856); Koleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117 (1813). ; Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 15 (No. 1140). Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 157 (1812); Aira aquatica L. Sp. Pl. i, 64 (1753). In a swamp near Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1141). Eragrostis major Host, Gram. Austr. iv, 14 (1809). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No, 1142). Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. Pl. i, 71 (1753). Rare: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 15 (No. 1143). Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey, Il]. NX. A. Grasses, ii, 74 (1893); Eragrostis fend- leriana Steudel, Syn. Pl. Gram, 278 (1855). The panicle is more open than usual, and the glumes are very light in color and shining. It was growing in big tufts on the prairies south of Pringle, altitude 1,500 m., August 5 (No. 1144). A few bunches with broader, flat leaves and greener flowers were found at Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 1145), Poa tenuifolia Buckley, Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862, 96 (1862). Of two forms collected, one is tall, 4 to 5 dm. high, with broader leaves. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1146). Another form, referred to this species by Professor Scribner, is densely tufted, 1 to 2 dm. high, scabrous; leaves 3 to 7 em, long, very narrow, soon involute, scab- rous; panicle 5 to 7 em, long, narrow, with short, upright branches. It differs from the typical form in size, in the narrow, scabrous leaves, the smaller and more rounded spikelets, and the broader glumes, Dry soil: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 (No. 1147). ° Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, x, 66 (1883). On the railroad embankment above Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No, 1148). Together with the more typical form, another was growing that had a very thick and dense panicle 10 to 15 em. long and over 2 em. wide, and large 5- to 8- flowered spikelets, about 1 cm. long, on a short pedicel (No, 1149). Poa annua L. Sp. Pl. i, 68 (1753). Rare: Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1150). Poa pseudopratensis! Scribner & Rydberg, sp. nov. PL. XX. Culms erect, 1 to 2 feet high from a creeping rootstock. Sheaths smooth or very 1 The description of this species is drawn by Prof. F. Lamson-Scribner. 532 minutely scabrous; ligule scarious, acute, about 2 lines long, decurrent; leaf blade flat, 1 to 3 lines wide, those of the culm 1 to 3 inches long, those of the sterile shoots 6 to 10 inches long, midnerve prominent beneath, smooth on both surfaces except near the rigid acute tips; the distinctly cartilaginous margins scabrous. Panicle 2 to 4 or 5 (usually about 3) inches long, the scabrous branches at first nearly erect, widely spreading in anthesis; spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, 3 to 4 lines long, usually much longer than the rough pedicels; empty glumes nearly equal, 3-nerved, broadly lanceolate, acute with scarious margins and tips, the keel of the larger second glume scabrous near the apex; flowering glumes oblong, obtuse, 5-nerved, with scarious margins, silky-hairy on the nerves to near the middle and pubescent all over on the dorsal surface near the base, minutely scabrous in the upper part; palea as long as the glume, ciliate-scabrous on the keels, villous near the base. It has been doubtfully referred to P. pratensis. From this it differs in its longer and acute ligule, its larger spikelets, and its less strongly compressed glumes, which have broader scarious margins and no cobweb at the base. It resembles also, somewhat, P. alpina, but dilfers in its larger size, long, creeping rootstock, long, acute ligule, and empty glumes not conspicuously crested on the keel. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13; Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 1151). No. 1272 from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska is the same. It has also been col- lected by John Macoun at Cypress Hills, British America, in August, 1880, and by Mrs. 8. B, Walker at Castle Rock, Colo., in 1890, Poa pratensis L. Sp. Pl. i, 67 (1753). A variable species, the extreme forms of which seem very different from each other. One form, very low and tufted with very narrow leaves and small spikelets, was found near Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No. 1153). A form 5 to & dm, high, with broad and long leaves (15 to 20 em. long and 6 min. wide), and very large spikelets was collected at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 13 (No. 1156). A similar one, but with narrow panicle as in P, serotina, was found in Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 30 (No, 1157), These are perhaps distinct from P. pratensis. Poa nemoralis L. Sp. Pl. i, 69 (1753). Several forms were collected, which have all been referred to this species by Pro- fessor Scribner. One is a low plant approaching variety stricta, but having a more open panicle, It resembles 2. cwsia collected by Rusby in Arizona. Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., June 14 (No. 1155). A form that by several has been mistaken for P. serotina was collected at Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 1 (No. 1158). It has stiff leaves and spreading panicle. P. serotina of C.C. Parry’s collection and perhaps of Watson, King Survey collection, is the same. Another form is like the last, but with smaller and light-colored spikelets and broader, more flaccid leaves. In a wet place: Rapid City, altitude 1,000 m., June 25 (No. 1159). A slender form with spreading panicle, small, light-green spike- lets, and longer pedicels was mistaken for P. alsodes, Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6 (No, 1160). Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. ii, 783 (1891); Poa nervata Willd. Sp. Pl. i, 889 (1798). In wet meadows: Whitewood, altitude 1,100 m., July 7 (No. 1161). Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 81 (1892); Poa aquatica americana Torr. Fl, U.S. i, 108 (1824). In ponds, above Custer, altitude 1,650 m., July 16 (No. 1163). Pestuca ovina L. Sp. PL. i, 73 (1753) var. The specimens are low, with a narrow panicle, and short, narrow leaves. It resembles the variety psevdo-ovina Hack, It grows in bunches on dry prairie. Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4 (No. 1164), Contr. Nat. Herb, Vol. II. PLATE XX. Poa PSEUDOPRATENSIS Scribner & Rydberg. 533 Bromus kalmii Gray, Man. ed. i, 600 (1848). Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 4; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 8 (No. 1165). Bromus ciliatus L. Sp. Pl. i, 76 (1753). Rare: Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 1166). Bromus pumpellianus Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club, xv, 9) (1888). Hillsides: Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30; Rochford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12; Custer, altitude 1, 700 m., July 16 (No. 1167). Agropyron repens glaucum (Desf. ) Scribner, Mem. Torr. Club, v.57 (1804); Triti- cum glaucum Desf, Tabl. Bot. Mus, 16 (1804). Hills below Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No, 1168). Agropyron violaceum majus Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. i, 280 (1893). These specimens scem to belong to this variety, which, however, I do not think is a variety of A. violaceum. Professor Seribner regards them as a form of A, repens, which they resemble very much, I should take them for a form of that species if it were not for the fact that I could not find any creeping rootstock, They were grow- ing in clumps in the manner of -1. fenerum, Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No, 1170). A form of the same, with awns over 1 em. long, was collected at Roch- ford, altitude 1,700 m., July 12 (No. 171). Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. x, 258 (1885). Deadwood, altitude 1,500 m., July 5 (No. 1169). Agropyron caninum (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. ii, 756 (1817); Triticum caninum L. Sp. Pl. i, 86 (1753). Common: Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 16 and August 16; Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., August 3 (No. 1172). Elymus canadensis I, Sp. PI. i, %3 (1753). Along Fall River: Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 1173). Elymus canadensis glaucifolius (Willd.) Torr. Fl. U.S. i, 187 (1824); Llumus glaucifolius Willd. Enum, 131 (1809), Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 9 (No. 1174). Elymus virginicus L. Sp. Pl. i, 84 (1753), var. This is the same as No. 1553 of my collection from the Sand Hills of central Nebraska, Hot Springs, August 9 (No. 1175). Elymus striatus Willd. Sp. Pl. i, 470 (1797). Rare, with the preceding three, Tot Springs, August 9 (No. 1176). Elymus elymoides (Kaf.) Swezey, Cat. Nebr. Pl. 15 (1891); Sitanion elymoides Rat. Journ. Phys. Ixxxix, 103 (1819), Rare, on dry prairie: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 13 and August 9 (No. 1177.) Elymus dasystachys Trin.; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i, 120 (1831). The specimens in the collection have much shorter spikes and larger and more hairy spikelets than in the Siberian form. Elk Canyon, near Runkels, altitude 1,300 m., June 30 (No, 1178). Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. Pl. i, 85 (1753). Custer, altitude 1,650 m., Jaly 16 (No, 1179), CONIFER. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) ; Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anl, Erz. Anpfl. Holzart. ii, 272 (1787); J. communis alpina Gaud, Fl. Helv. vi, 801 (1880), The name of this plant has been changed lately by botanists in this country to J. nana Willd.! Willdenow cites J. sibirica Burgsd, as a synonym. I have not been Isp. Pl. iv, 854 (1806). 534 able to see Burgsdort’s original description, but the variety was already known and had been described by Linnius in the Species Plantarum, and by Pallas in the Flora Rossica, although not named. Taking Willdenow as authority, I adopt the name sibirica. Should Willdenow have been mistaken, and Burgsdorf’s shrub not have been the same as his (the identity has not been denied), there is one more name older than Willdenow’s that has to be taken into consideration, viz, J. communis montana Ait.,! the identity of whieh with Linneus variety is not questionable. As to the relationship to J. communis, I am of the opinion that this plant is best considered as a variety of that species, ac many intermediate forms are found, Custer, altitude 1,800 m., June 4 (No. 1180). Juniperus sabina prostrata (Pers.) Loud. Arbor. Frut. Brit. iv, 2499 (1838); J. prostrata Pers. Syn, PI, ii, 632 (1807), This name should be used instead of J. sabina procumbens Pursh, unless J. horizon- talis Moench,’ is the same, Ihave no means of verifying the identity of the two. The American trailing savin is well distinguished from J. sabina of Europe. Koch and Gordon regard it as a distinet species, and to merge it in J. sabina, as has been done lately, is unwarranted. On dry foothills: I ferinosa, altitude 1,100 m., June 23; Piedmont, altitude 1,100 m., June 27 (No. 1181). Juniperus virginiana L.. Sp. Pl. ii, 1039 (1753), Very rare in the hills proper; only two shrubs seen, on the Buckhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,8001m., June 4. More eommon in the foothills: Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 15. One shrub at the latter place had both male and female flowers (No. 1182), Pinus ponderosa scopulorum Engelin. Bot. Cal. ii, 126 (1880), Common throughout the Black Hills. The Northern Hills were formerly covered with forest, in which this was the predominant species, but a large portion of the tract has been devastated by mining companies and sawmill operators. Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June 17 (No. 1183). Picea canadensis (Mill.) B.S. P. Cat. Pl, N. Y. 71 (1888); Abies canadensis Mill. Gard, Dict. ed. 8, no, 4 (1768). Not uncommon in the higher hills, especially on the northern sides. Fruit: Roch- ford, altitude 1,600 m., July 12 (No. 12103), SELAGINELLACES. Selaginella rupestris (L..) Spring, in Mart. Fl. Bras, i, pt. 2, 118 (1840); Lycopo- dium rupestre L. Sp. Pl. ii 1101 (1753), On dry hills; local: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 6 (No. 1184). LYCOPODIACES:. Lycopodium obscurum L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1102 (1753); L. dendroideum Mx. FI. ii, 282 (1803). Michaux’s species seems to be the true L. obscurum LL. Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1185). OPHIOGLOSSACES. Botrychium matricarizfolium (?) A. Br. in Doell, Rhein. Fl. 24 (1843), It seems to stand nearest this species, but the sterile frond is sessile. I took it to be a form of B. boreale Milde, with the description of which it agrees quite well. It differs, however, from European specimens in the National Herbarimn, in the more slender habit, and in the smaller and less crowded divisions of the sterile frond, ‘Hort. Kew, iii, 414 (1789). *Meth. Pl. Hort. and Ag. Marburg, 699 (1794). 535 which is ovate-oblong in outline, not broadly triangular-ovate. Only two specimens (15 to 20 em. high) were collected by me, on a shaded hillside south of Custer, alti- tude 1,700 m., August 15. A few specimens were also collected by Prof. A. F. Woods and one of the students of the University of Nebraska. The specimens are of a form that seems to be intermediate between Ji. lunaria, B. boreale, B. lanceolatum, and 2. matricarivfolium., It may be anew species, but the material is too meager to warrant a publication (No, 1186). POLYPODIACES. Polypodium vulgare L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1085 (1753). Common in crevices of rocks around Custer, altitude 1,700 m., July 18 (No, 1187). Polypodium vulgare rotundatum Milde, Fil. Eur. & Atlan, 18 (1867). It differs from the preceding in its short fronds with rounded lobes and its larger, more confluent sori. Wheeler's Expedition, No. 992, and Watson’s No. 1357, belong also to this variety, which has not hitherto been reported for America. In crevices: Custer, altitude, 1,700 m., July 16 (No, 1188). Cheilanthes gracilis (Fee) Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. iii [reprint 36] (1859); Myriopteris gracilis Fee, Gen. Fil. 150 (1850-1852). On exposed rocks: Hot Springs, altitude, 1,100 m., June 14 (No, 1189). Pella atropurpurea (L..) Link, Fil. Hort. Berol.59 (1841); Pteris atropurpurea L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1076 (1753). Canyon near Hot Springs, altitude 1,100 m., June If (No. 1190), Pellzea breweri Eaton, Proc. Amer. Acad. vi, 555 (1865). The specimens in this collection have fronds that are decidedly coriaceous, a modi- fication probably due to the exposed locality in which they grew. I took them first to be a depauperate form of P. atropurpurea, but the divisions even of the fertile fronds are broadly ovate, the rachis bright brown instead of purplish black and without scales. They are brittle and when old show the depressions that make them look as if articulated, a characteristic of P. breweri, The fronds are 0.5 to 1 dm high from a tufted, thick rootstock, once pinnate, of 5 to 9 pinnw ; pinne, 1 em. or more long, oval or ovate, entire, or the lower with asmall lobe on the upper side, In crevices of exposed limestone rocks, generally on the sunniest side: near Bull Springs, altitude 1,900 m., July 27 (No, 1191). Pteris aquilina L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1075 (1753). Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No, 1192). eo Asplenium trichomanes I.. Sp. Pl. i1, 1080 (1753). Crevices of rocks below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,900 m., August 18 (No, 1193). Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hofim. Deutsch, Fl. ii, 12 (1795); Acrostichum septentrionale L. Sp. P1, il, 1068 (17538). Crevices of rocks, especially on the north side of the mountains: Custer, altitude 1,700 m., June 5 and August 16 (No, 1194). Asplenium filix-foemina (L.) Bernh. Schrad. Neues Journ, Bot. i, pt. 2, 26 (1806) ; Polypodium filix-famina L, Sp. Pl. ii, L090 (1753). Common around Sylvan Lake, altitude 2,000 m., July 20 (No, 1195), Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee, Gen. Fil. 243 (1850-1852); Polypodiun dryopleris L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1093 (1753). In dark woods near Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 19 (No. 1196). Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. (1881); Polypodium filix-mas L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1091 (1753). Among rocks: Roehford, altitude 1,200 m., July 12; Buekhorn Mountain, near Custer, altitude 1,800 m., July 16 (No. 1197). 536 Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh, Schrad. Neues Journ. Bot. i, pt. : 2, 27 (1806); Polypodium fragile L. Sp. P1. ii, 1091 (1753). Throughout the Black Hills: Little Elk, altitude 1,100 m., June 27; Lead City, altitude 1,600 m., July 6; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 15 (No. 1198). Woodsia oregana Eaton, Can. Nat. ii, 90 (1865), Common throughout the Black Hills: Hermosa, altitude 1,100 im., “June 23; Elk Canyon, altitude 1,200 m., June 29; Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 10 (No, L199). Woodsia scopulina Eaton, Can, Nat. ii, 90 (1865), On wooded hillsides south of Custer, altitude 1,700 m., August 10 (No. 1200). Onoclea sensibilis L. Sp. Pl. ii, 1062 (1753). In Gray’s list, Newton & Jenney’s Report.! Also collected by Prof. J. A. Williams, near Rapid City. Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. ii, 11 (1795); Osmunda struthiop- teris L. Sp. Pl. 1066 (1753). In Gray’s list only. EQUISETACE. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. Pl. 11, 1061 (1753). Unusually robust specimens, in damp woods below Sylvan Lake, altitude 1,800 m., June 8 (No, 1201), Equisetum sylvaticum L. Sp. P). ii, 1061 (17538). With the preceding, June-8 (No, 1202), Equisetum levigatum A. Br.; Engelm. Amer, Journ, Sei. xlvi, 87 (1844). The two forms collected in Nebraska were also found here. The more robust with sessile spike, No. 1260 of my Nebraska collection, was collected in Elk Canyon, alti- tude 1,200 m., June 29 (No. 1203). The other one, of the same form as No. 1283 of the Nebraska collection, was found at Hot Springs, altitude 1,050 m., August 3 (No. 1204), ' Geol. Surv. Black Hills, 557 (1880). INDEX. ' 1 | Page. Barts 2322s seSeccecees seeceeseusecss teceee 518 Bal PachiaM en cowcesccecss obese aise sce vess 480 Beckmannia ......-0..-0-2 2 ceencccerceee -- 528 Berberissccessoesb0s cee lcdccesc ctewes se oias'e: 483 Beriila co: ncccccsesercceces whoras eacesebase ss 502 Betila: cscsseeetscciceshcsecceloeessediecs 522. 523 BIdONS 22. as Satielsseeeecisteese soos es eeks 509 BU Meee ee wel Ge hace eeee chee tues 520 Botrychitem......0...cccc cess cece ec ceeeee 534 BOuteloua -2es sek dosersc see vsceesccesicasecs 531 BrassiCe: .c.cceeccscecwscdieetensaseetdetece 485 Brauneria ccses descece cose sarees tessa tee a 508 Bromus 622623250 s oeaeiealoe Maced one eee 533 Bulbilisscc: 20 ccc. edit ection sins 531 Buphthalarium oo 2. cccccesccccecccccccsceces eL') BUTERA: 2catn teehee Pies eet ce de Ve stee ss 486 Cactus: 2.20 ss tetn iets neil east eetteeds 501 Calamagrostia .........--- cece eee ccwereene 530 Calamiovilfascccss cs00 ta ccc ced laees tease 530 Callitriche-<22...005i.6sas ce vee ted ives nbn 499 Calochortus. ........cc5- ces cecescwsscceecce 53 Camelina............ OG pose wesgeeceseseesses 486 Campanula. .....ccecccec ence ene c ere ccecces $12 Capnoides. ........0. cece ccc cccceeceeece 483, 484 Carduus ......-.--2--00005 eaeeace cess 510 CATER 2a sav cetscitesete teeer ceases sees = 527, 528 COSPINUS. 0.000 cece ne cece ce cn cena teen erences 523 Caramh c2iiisiodden erecssice chek st lsc se 501 Castilleja .-..2. 0.2 - ccc ee cee nec n ee eecnee 518 Catabrosacsceisiecceees e525 cc eesea venta cess 531 Ceanothus ..........00 22 eee cee eee e eee eee 489, 490 Cela at riig vnc ons ossine eiceiciciee eteiaies oo sete estes 489 Celtigs. ..cciecctwsleseeecciiees se tiee seed 522 Centaurea........02 ee cece ener e eens eee 510 Centunculis ....-..00. cee scene ce cen cecees 513 Cerastinm. ........--. ee ee wbeseeke 488 COTARUE Sec coe heed e iee ee cteetese eee see 495 Cercocarpun...ceeeescecrseeeccceceessereees 496 Charrophyllum oc... cecen ence cee eee ceeeee 14 Cheilanthes .........---.0eecececeecccerccee 535 heir anther occ ccc cc cence ccc cere nnn eneeee 485 Chenopodium .....-....--.2 eee eee eee e en eeee 520 CUMOVR Sein boo oe eee Ssh Ro ee 28 531 CHINSOCOMGA «0 cen ween cence cent ere n stones 506 Chrysopais ......0 0... reece eee een eee eee 505 Cicitackci ett ce od sent cies oeeee esses §a2 Cir€ Mao ed iste oe dee sheds eae es HOT CRPRVUIN occ crew cece ence er nccw ener nc ccvcces 410 Clay tonia . 2.0... eee eee rece eee eee ne ce ees 489 Clematis .... 06.00. cs ccce ce connec ncccecreeee 479 Cleome ......--- 0 ee cece een e cence cnccees 454, 486 OCNICUS .. 02 cece ence cree eesence aiseaiea dees es’ $10 Page. NOE esse ccescicicevecdadedeswecsseesscees: “OS4 COR 22 ean wa hee sieiec bcusuces oseaneces 490° ACOLATES Soc ce oe look ceeseciee ccadekecslacce 513 ACHING Ai 6 ore oe 5 be acetates che Poh ees 509 ACTOSIICRUM ©... ccc ween ee een ce ceenccece 535 Actwa...... Seevecceess ee ceen seesecicessesbe 483 A CEN EUG sclesce owe ecb bese cieieldccinnels eh s/o 509 MOOT OI crow sich docses fenceveeee eat oss 501 AWOSA. 3252552 Soe coc cade dase csiedecte 503 Agoseris...... ieeeeeciuerteces tase cecuoaws 511 | Agrimonia....-0 2.0. .c cee cence ecw cccccees 497 ABTOPJTOD. ... 2.2022 cece e een e cw cece we eccues 533 Agrostig ....-.......cceeeecceee pceeeereces 530 | MUNG sock Tees beds Seed Soe cace os becse ds 531 | AN IONIGs osssissdcdecadde vis clsdeies be bedee es 519, 520 AMUN eee cose tease oes oe cea 524, 525 Alopecurus 2.0.0... 2.cce eee c eee ecewecnaes 529 PISiNG ee hi eh cace rca et eae eee? 488 Amaranthus ............-.---22cceccececeee 520 Ambrosia .....- 0. .c ce cece ee cen e cee cccees 508 Amelanchier ........cccececncccncceccccccce 497 A MmellUs es .cciv ocd cc ccvannseceises Sasceaiess 506 AMMOGEON 2... ccacccceccccceccceccecscsees 611 Amorpha .... cece cence nee nccccececccccees 491 Andropogon ........ccccccccanceccsececes 528, 529 Androsace ......... bib. Sie eiee sic wiceieecete Seccces 512 ANCMONG: oc2c5c5e0 csc Shc tevoseeserekcesees rin Antennaria ....... 0... ccc cece ec cceeceeeoes 507, 508 Anthemis............ Beli. ceases cossae 509 Antirrhinum ..c000. itosee a ass aaenre 617 | Aplopappus.......2.... ib sanbcssmereeeee 505 APOCYNUM..20.. cece cece cence cecceeeeeecces 513 Aquilegia........0000.00. cece c eee e ee 480, 481, 482 ATA Besos 550 occu cate setae ec dct eee 481 A Palla esess sewed eae bcs ovencbieeakaceed 502 Arbutus oo. cc ccc cece ccc c ccc cccccccuccce 512 Arctostaphy loa ....-.-0-0-.-.e cece ce ccoecee 512 Arenaria . 22... cece ccc w nce c cc cacuceccenee 488 Argemone .........00.ccecenccceccecceceese 483 Aristida . 2... cc. eee cece cece cccccccccees §29 Arnica....... a ee ea ae 509 AV ONIG ober linen deen ected ikekdaoe 497 Artemisia. .......cc ccc cece ccccccccccecenes 509 AVUNGO se tece ccc Ata een cada cusses 530 Asclepiag .. 22.0... cc ccc ccceccecccccccccee: 513 Asplenium............... cc ccccecccccecees 535 Aster oo. ccc cece ccccececccece: 506 ABtragalug......ccccecceccccccecceess 491, 492, 493 Atheropogon ....... vedeebuced ese cwaeouees 531 Avena .......... Puce aces ea euhedeoueucne: 530 Balsamorhiza ......-..+..2e-- aecccccceccee 509 Bartonia..... Cv owescbcceccseatdsstesceesss; O01 13144—No. 8——6 Page. Collinsia ......-.cccccccccccseccers seceeenn- 317 Collomia ........2-0- cece eee concen een ee neee 514 Comand ra. ... 2... eee cece ee eee ce cee ees 522 COnvaUlaria .....0cenannscncnncccnerneeneenae 5265 Convolvulus ....ccccceee cece eee ecceccncece 516 Corallorhiza i jc22cscse500 Verdin soseseteeecs 524 COTNUCODTE onic ocwas Sarco an cine oe ols'e's'n vee tance 530 Committ. iso. forehead eet 502, 503 COVrYA AUS ose ce ots ed eens tgs cbse pseeee 483, 484 COEVINS i oesg. tcc icied ds oni ott cence asics 523 Crate gus ...ce sees cece ee eee eee cence ve enee 497 Crepis sic ces et toeet cose seks Siede sec sles 511 Croton aide tens eee boee secs od wwikn sees ieee 522 + Cryptanthe .....0.... cee eee cece e een 515 Cymopteritsso40c.00 ect be sises rade ethacdeess 502 Cynoglossum .... 0.006 ccc eee eee eee eee ee 615 CY Penis iis foe ak i he eee 526 Cypripedium. -..............2 22 een een ceceee 524 Cyrtorhyncha..........02 202. e eee eee 480 Cystopteris .............. 2c cee cece een eeee 536 Cy tists cc cvides Ses eeeds elalisee eee bce deee 490 Dactylis ccisceicectc toiiee ei clettcceste 528, 531 Dal eG .22s esi eaihe eet foc eet te beteow es 491 Danthonia 020 Q U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF BOTANY. CONTRIBUTIONS } FROM THE U.S. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Vol. II, No. 9. ISSUED AUGUST 5, 1896. I. FLORA OF SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS. REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF PLANTS MADE BY C. H. THOMPSON IN 1893. By A. S. Hircucocex. Se enceees By Freperick V. Covitie. III. PLANTS FROM THE BIG HORN MOUNTAINS OF WYONG" By J. N. Ross. IV. LEIBERGIA, A NEW GENUS OF UMBELLIFER.E FROM THETCOLTUM- BIA RIVER REGION. II. CREPIS OCCIDENTALIS AND ITS ALLIES. Ry Jonn M. Courrer and J. N. Rose. V. ROSEANTHUS, A NEW GENUS OF CUUCURBITACES FRO Aca- PULCO MEXICO. By ALFRED COGNIAUX. can WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1896. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION oF BOTANY, Washington, D. C., May 18, 1896. Str: I have the honor to transmit herewith for publication Contribu- ons from the United States National Herbarium, Volume III, No. 9. This number completes Volume III of this series, and is accompanied by a title page, etc., for the whole volume. Respectfully: FREDERICK V. COVILLE, Botanist. Hon. J. SreRLING Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. iit CONTENTS. Page. Letter of transmittal... 2.2.2.2 0. ec cece ee cee eee cece ee ccc eeccecececececs WW REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF PLANTS MADE BY C. H. THompson IN SOUTH- WESTERN KANSAS IN 18938. By A. S. HITCHCOCK.............2-------- 537 Introd nétory statement ic1e2 ssc cnecuid das Gee eee deeds wees See esas 537 Catalogue Of Species o.322072.cseecueetteneeec Gian. ocs ieieeceeclabet becete 541 Tistol Specimens 222 Franseria hookeriand. --..--------+-+-+--+++-- 233 Frasera albicaulis......-..---------+-++---+-- 240 speciosa ...-----.--5 ----eee eer rrets 240, 514 Fraxinus lanceolata ....------+----------- 168, 513 pennsylvanica ..-..--.---------+5--- 168, 513 lanceolata......------+----+--+--- 168, 513 ViTidi8. 2... ene eee eee eee ete 169 Page. Fritillaria camschatcensis-..-....--------- 330, 346 lanceolata .........-----------------+--- 254 pudica ..-...---0-- eee eee ee eee eee eee 254 Fritillary .....--.---------+- 2-22-22 eee sees 346 Freelichia floridana ........-------------- 175, 551 gracilis. ....---------------2--- 2s ese eee 175 Frullania nisquallensis....------.--.------- 351 Fumaria cuceularia .....--.--------++-+++++ 211 Fumariace®........----------------+--0-5° 211, 483 Funaria hy grometrica....-.-.-.--------+----- 271 | Fung) ....---------- 0-2 eee e eee ee eee eecre 274 | Gertneria acanthicarpa ....---------------- 233 - Gaillardia acaulis .......--------+-20--- +++ 509 | aristata ....-.------------+---- +--+ 2 ee 235, 509 pulchella......-----------+-+-++-- 235, 540, 547 | Galactia hirta.....22:eeeseeeeeseeeees we. 315, 316 | Galardia acaulis ..---.---2-0-+-2 2-22 erro ee 547 | Galium aparine .-.....+++----+--+-+++ 161, 229, 504 | boreale....-----------ee errr eee eee 229, 504 tinctorum ..-....---------------eeee eee 160 trifidum......--------+--++--+---+--- 160, 230 latifolium. ....-----------00-------- 160 triflorum.....-------.----+++------ 161, 230, 504 Galphimia sessilifolia .......--------+++----- 313 Galpinsia hartwegil...---------+--++--+++°- 544 Gama gTass ..---0--+--2 eee teeter tect eee 6 — Gastridium. .-.---+--+++2-22eeeeeerrr reece 5, 78 | australe ...--.e-c--e- eee eee eee er eee eee 78 lendigerum ..---+---++-2 e002 reer reese 78 ~ Gaura biennis.....--------------+++2+2+--+°- 159 coccinea. ...----------++222e-2+++- 159, 500, 544 parviflora ...-------++--++-+222++- 159, 500, 544 Gayophytum ramosissimum. ..----------- 226, 500 strictUm. 2... -2ee2 ee eee eee e cree sree eee 226 Gentiana acuta. ...----------- eee sere e ree 240, 513 amarella..-.--- wee e cece cena eer eeecceees 344 ACULD. . 22 een nee eee eee eee renee 513 andrewsil ..---------- eee eee eee ee ceeee 170 | calyCO8A... ++ 2-222 eee ee ee ee eee seer 344 OFOGANA . ~~... ---- 22 rere eee cette r stress 240 platypetala.......----++++++5002- 222205 344 - Gentianacew®...-..----+------ 170, 240, 344, 513, 548 Geraniace® ..--.--.---- ++ 22-220 e eee ee 218, 337, 489 Geranium carolinianum....--------+++++++- 489 longipes.-----------+--+-++eeeeeee 218 ciculdriuM ...- 22. eee ee eee eee tees 218 erianthum....------+----++++erereereee 337 jncisum ...---------+-----ee- eee: 218, 489, 569 | richardsonii......----------++++-+----- 489, 569 | viscosissimum -....------------+---+++- 489 Gerardia erecta ....------+--+-+-+0+ +--+ ---- 178 tenuifolia .....---------+---+------eeeee 173 Geum album ..--2.0.022222 scene eee e cree: 157 calthifolium.......----------++2+-++--+-- 338 canadense....-------2e2 sete ee eee eee 157 ciliatum....--- nee e nce ee eee eeeeeneee 222, 496 japonicum. ....22---seeee errr reer eee 157, 222 macrophyllum ...------ aeeeeee--- 157, 338, 496 rossii...--------+ www e eee cece eee eee eee 569 | strictum ...-..-- pee e eee eee eeee 157, 222, 496 triflorwm ..---+ 2222222 e rect eet 222, 569 Gilia aggregata --------------+-+----e200+ 241, 548 capillaris.....-----+-+------eeee eee re eee 241 capitata..-.....---------- essere rere -- 241 grandiflora. .---- cece eee eee ee eee ee noes - 241 heterophylla ...---- wee e ee ee eee c ee weee 241 594 Page. Gilia inconspicua ...........2..-22...0222-- 548 inter text... cece eee cece eee eee 241 linearis 0.2.2.0. .222 202.0222 eee ee eee 241 liniflora pharnaceoides................. 241 longiflora .. 2.2.2.2. 222 170 pharnaceoides ...-....0..20...022 2220 0ee 241 spicata capitata.......22.2.2....2.022-. 514 Glaux maritima..............2.02.0222020-- 344 Glyceria arundinacea........-..222.2-.2---- 264 Muitans 222.022. 2 eee eee 264 NETVALD ~- 2... eee ee eee eee eee eee 264 pauciflora ... 0... cece eee cece cence 264 Glycine Apios.... 2.2.2... cece eee ee eee eee 156 COMOSE «~~... 22 ee eee eee 156 Glycosma occidentalis ............2.--.----- 227 Glycyrrhiza lepidota............- 155, 220, 494, 544 Gnaphalium alpinum .................002-- 342 carpathicum .....22-2-2-2-22200002 eee e ee 570 decurrens ....-- 00.20.0202 cece ee eee eee 233 | Oe 233, 507 margaritaceum.............22.--- 233, 342, 508 microcephalum ............--......2--- 283 palustre. .... 2... 0.0.2.2 eee eee eee eee 233 plantaginifolium...........------ 164, 233, 508 sprengelii....2. 2222.22.22... 0.002002- 233 Goodyera menzlesti.........2222222-0202---- 252 Gooseberry ..........2.2-2-2-2..2222222002. 474 Gouania domingensis..............2.2...-. 315 mexicana -..-.. 2.222222 2 eee eee ee ee 314 tomentosa. .......2..2..22. eee eee eens 315 Grama grass..........0202222222. 00.2222 537 Graminew.........22...2..02..002 ee 1, 185, 259, 528 Grape, frost. 2... 2.2... 0.222222 eee eee eee eee 471 Grape, Oregon .....-..2..22..22.2202-2222-- 471 Graphephorum fleruosum ........22222.20-5 192 wolfii ...--. 0.0.0.2 eee eee eee eee ee 264 GYASS 0.06. 2 eee ee eee eee ee eee 331 Gratiola ebracteata .............022202-000. 244 virginiana ...................20.----- 244, 518 Greenella ...... 22.22.2002... 0 2.02 eee eee eee 321 Greenia arkansand........-..2222220ece eens 58 Grimmia alpestris ..........22.......0..-.. 270 APOCATPA.~ 2.2 cece ee eee eee cee ee eee eee 270 leucophiva ........0..00..022. 02 een eeee 270 pachyphylla ......2222.2..22.220222202- 270 Grindelia ...........222 222222222. c eee eee 538 grandiflora. .................2..202. -- 539, 540 NANA .. 222. eee ee ee eee eee 230 squarrosa................ 161, 230, 505, 540, 545 Gutierrezia ...........2....0...022....--. 321, 538 euthamiw .. 2.2.0.2... 2.02022 eee ee 230 sarothr@ .........2-..220.. 202 0c ee eee eee 545 Gymnandra rubra... 0... .02 cee cee eee ee 245, 518 Gymnostomum curvirostre .............-.. 269 lapponicum .......20- 000.2022 eee eee eee 270 Gyvostachys cernua......-..2-.......2...-. 180 romanzoffiana ......-...--..-.....22-- 252, 524. Habenaria bracteata...........22.2...... 346, 524 dilatata 2.0... ......ceceeeceececeneeee 252, 346 elegans . 22.22.2222 eee ee eee ee eee 252 gracilis 2.2.2.2... cece 252 hyperborea ......22---2-.2....... 180, 346, 524 orbiculata...-.-.....00...0..02..0002008 252 unalascensis -........---.....22222.--.- 252 Hackberry........22...20002220-0220eeeeeee 471 Hair grass........2.22.22.02.020020 22 e eee 75 Page. Haloragidacem.............222..2000.002. 158, 499 Harpecarpus madarioides ........22...---- 234 Hawthorn.... 222.220.0200 0 ec ee ecu ceccecee 471 Hazel ...........2002200.000002 22 eee eee eee 474 Hecho. ........... 2.002 .2ec eee eee een eee eee 488 Hedeoma drummondii..........-........... 519 hispida...... 02.2022 0.2222 cece ee eee eee 174, 519 Hedera quinquefolia........002.222202220- 152, 490 Hedysarum alpinum americanum.........- 494 americanum.......-----.2.. c2ece-ee-ee 494 boreale... 2.2.2.2. 22 e eee eee eee eee 220, 494 CANACENSE... 2... Lee ee eee ee eee eee ee ceeee 155 Havescens.........2.. 0.222 ee eee eee eee 220 Helenium autumnale..................-.. 166, 235 Heleochloa..............2222----------0---- 5, 85 schoenoides .......-...2.2222.22-2 ee eee. 86 Helianthella quinquenervis.............. 508, 508 Helianthemum canadense walkera......... 486 MajUS....... 22.2 eee eee eee eee 486 Helianthus annuus....-.......... 165, 234, 508, 546 bolanderi ...-.........20022020.222...-. 165 diffusus..........2. 0200. .00c0002--2- eee 165 douglasti-... 0.0... cece eee eee 234 giganteus ........-2.2002..0..200000 eee 165 grosse-serratus..........0.. 0.00. e eee 166 levis ee ee cee eee 166, 509 maximiliani.......................--. 165, 508 PALENS..0 ee ee eee eee 165 petiolaris .......22.......0... 165, 171, 508, 546 patens .....-..-. 2. cece eee eee eee 165 TUUMUS. 0 cee cee ee eee eee eee 165, 508 scaberrimus .........--...-.-.... 165, 165, 508 Heliotropium convolvulaceum............. 548 curassavicum........22....2222--2-...2. 548 Helleborus trifolia..... 22.22 2ccceeceeeeeenee 336 Helonias tenax .. 2.2.0... cceceeecccccececee 254 Hemarthria fasciculata........20...00.---- q Hemlock... 22.2.0... 0.020 ceeeeeeceecee cesses 328 Hendecandra texensis..........-..... 179, 522, 552 Hepatiew .......2.2 2... c ee eee ee eee eee 275 Heracleum lanatum.............. 228, 331, 341, 502 Hesperoscordum lactewin...2-2.eeceecccceene 253 Heterocladium aberrans................---- 273 Heterocodon rariflorum.................... 238 Heteropogon..........22......2.000020000-- 2,8 acuminatus ..-..........222.22.000.000. 8 contortus ...........2.00. cee e ee eee eee 8 Heuchera cylindrica ............2222.022... 224 glabra...... 22.2.2 022 222222222 ee eee 340 hispida. .........22.2-22...0.2222202222- 498 parvifolia ....2. 222... 2000.022022.0002.2-. 498 Hibiscus flavidus .........-...........-.-.. 313 Hieracium ...-.. 00 2. eee eee eee 511 albiflorum.........2....2222020.....---- 237 canadense..........-2-.-.-222.20-2--- 237, 510 fendleri ..............2.0..2-222-2 220s 611 gracile detonsum................2-2.... 237 TUNCINACUM . 2.2.2 02-2 2222 eee eee eee 511 STCCOLEG (<5) 237 triste... 2-2... eee eee eee eee 342 umbellatum ................--.....----- 510 Hierochloe ............. 2.0.22 22 eee eee eee 4, 43 alpina ....2. 2.0.2.2 .00 2 cece eeeee cece eee 43 borealis .........2-.....--2---. «-. 43, 348, 574 macrophylla. .................2-..-2---- 43 pauciflora .... 222... ee eee eee eee ee eeeeee 43 Page Hilaria.........02. 200... 0-0- 22 eee eee eee 3,13 cenchroides texana........-...------- : 14 jamesil.........2-.-----.--------------- 14 mutica ....---.-------2------- ee eee a 14 rigida ....--.----..---22---------------- 14 Hippophaé argentea........-....+22-----++- 249 canadensig ........-----.-2.222-2------ 249, 521 Hippuris vulgaris.........-.--.-2---------- 158 Hoffmanseggia jamesti ...........22222+---- 544 Holeus borealis.........02. 0202-2. e eee eee e eee 574 odoratus.............22222-------- 348, 529, 574 Homalocenchrus oryzoides.......-..---..-- 186 Homalothecium nevadense..........------- 273 Hombre viejo ....-....---.-2-----+--26-00--- 412 Honckenya oblongifolia .......2.2--.+------ 337 Hordeum jubatum ...-.....--.--- 198, 266, 533, 555 nodosum ...........---------------+-- 193, 266 pusillum ...........-..2-2--2-------+- 193, 266 Hosackia bicolor.............022-0-2--0----- 220 MecumPens...- 2-2. see ee eee eee eee eee eee 220 purshiand......-- ween e eee eee ee eeee 220 Howellia aquatilis ..............20.----06-- 238 Humulus lupulus ...-..----.--.-------+-- 179, 522 Hutchinsia procumbens..........---.------ 213 Hydrastis carolinensis.......----.---------- 209 Hyvydrochloa ..........-------. 022-22 eee eee 4,40 | caroliniemsis ....-........-------------- 40 Hydrocotyle bonariensis ....-.......------- 301 mexicana......------. 22-222 eee eee eee eee 301 prolifera ...--..------------------------ 301 Hydropeltis purpurea..........------------ 211 Hydrophyllacesw .....-.....------ 170, 241, 344, 514 Hydrophyllum capitatum .-...-.- ween eweeeee 241 lineare ......-------- eee ee eee eee ee eee 242 magellanicum ......-2-eee een e eee eee ee 242 virginianum ......-..--.2--2.---.2-+-26: 241 Hygrobiella taxifolia................------- 75 Hylocomium loreum ....-...--..--..----- 275, 350 parietinum............-.....--.2---e ee 275 proliferum ............------eeeeee-- ee: 275 | robustum .....-.......---0--e2-eeeeeee 275 | SquarrosumM ....-.-- 2. eee eee eee ee 350 triquetrum..............2----.---------- 275 Hymenatherum aureum.........---.--..--- 547 Hymenopappus ............----..---5----5- 538 | douglasii_.......2...22--eceeee see eee eee 234 | filifolius.................-...-2.------ 166, 509 flavescens...--.-.-.---.----+----------- 547 luteus............. 22220-20022 ee eee ee ee 166 tenuifolius...... ccc... eee eee eee eee 166, 547 Hy pericacew....-....-..-...--------- 151, 217, 489 Hypericum canadense .-..-.------------- 151, 489 MajUs ...2. 2.22.2 eee ee eee eee 151 formosum scouleri ......-.-..--..+2.+4- 217 scouleri...... wee eee ee eee ee tenes 217 VITGiNicUM ...--- 2-2 eee eee eee eee 151 Hypnum @neum .....---.-2-2-2.2202 0222 ee eee 273 acanthoneuron ...-.-------------------- 272 albicans....------------- eee eee ee eee e ee 273 ATCUATUM .... 2. eee ee cee eee ee eee eee 350 bigelovit....-..22-------- 2-2-2 e ee eee ee 273 capillifolium ..............-- ce eee eee eee 274 Circinale ........-....-----------2------ 350 cordifolium ..........--....2--...---0-- 274 crispifolium.... 22... eee eee e eee 273 capfluitans illifolium........--..---.-+- 274 16733—No. 9——5 Page Hypnum hispidulum...........2....2-..-.. 275 hygrophilum 2.202 .00eceewe ee eee eens 274 leetum...2 22.2222 eee eee eee eee eee 350 longimerve...----ceeeeesee ee eee cece reees 274 lOrewM ... 22. eee eee eee eee ee eee 275, 350 lutescens ..-2 22.22 cece eee eee eee eee 273 NeVadeENSE ...--. 2-2-2 eee eee 273 obtusifolium. ...2.. 02.200. .e eee eee eee 274 ochraceum -....-..--..0.2222..22-22.--- 275 orthocladon .......--------+----+----+--- 274 parietinum......------ 22-22-2202 22-- 275 prolviferum -..---.2..00 ee eee e ee eee ee eee 275 TobUsStUM,. ..-2- 2-22-22 eee eee eee ee eee eee 275 rutabulum ....-----222 2-2-2222 eee eee 273 BALEDVOBUIN 2.2 cea ee ewww eee ees 273 schrebert ....--.----.------------------- 275 a 274 silestacum....-------------------------- 274 splendens.....-----+---+-----------+----- 275 SQUATTOSUM 22.206 cee e eee ee ee eee eee eee 350 Lf 273 subimponens..............-2.-+----.--- 275 symmetricum ..........--.---------+--- 275 triquetrum .......-2--22 eee cece ee eee 275 uncinatum ............--.....--------- 275, 350 variuM...........2-------- 022222 eee eee 274 Hypopitys multiflora. .............----..--- 239 Hyssopus anethiodorus .....--....-.-.--++-- 519 Ilex myrsinites ....... aoe e cece cece ee eeeeee 218 Impatiens aurea. ...........---------------- 218 biflora.....-..----------- 22 eee ee eee eee 151 PAlltd . occ cence cece eee e ween eee e eee 218 Imperata.... 2.22.22... 2022 eee ee eee eee eee 3,8 brasiliensis. ......--.----.-------------- 8 brevifolia. 22. cee cee eee eee ween ee 8 hookeri ............2..22.02------ 202 8 Indian corn .........-----.220-- 02-2 eee eee 2 Indian grass .........-----------+--2----+--- 8 Inula ericoides .......--..-++202222---0--2+- 546 Ipomeea leptophylla.......2-...--..-- 171, 516, 549 nycteled . 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 170, 514 Tpomopsis inconspicud.............--22.---- 548 Tridaces..............--.2--- 180, 252, 346, 524, 553 Iris missouriensis...-...-....------------ 252, 524 setosa ..........0..2.0.00 ee wane eceeeeee 346 Tronwo0d .......--+0-22220- cece eee ee eee eeee 471 Iva axillaris......... 0.0.2 eee eee eee eee 233, 570 xanthifolia..........222222-.-.--- 164, 233, 508 Jacksonia trachysperma ...........----++ 214, 486 Job's tears .....-...22. 0200220220222 e eee 1,6 Juncace® ........-....-----4----- 181, 255, 347, 526 Juncoides campestre....-....--.--.------ 255, 573 sudeticum.....-.-2--..--..--.------ 347 COMOSUM. 2.22... ee ee ee eee ween 526 glabratum....... wee cece eee ce tee eee eens 255 parviflorum ..........-2-...---2-----+--- 256 Juncus alpinus insignis............-....--- 255 arcticus sitchensis ...................-. 347 balticus ....--.--2-.---2-2222----22006-. 255 montanus ..--.-.--.-..-2---22.e206- 181 bufonius .........22..-222. 22002-20005 255, 526 campestris... 0.2.2... 22222 eee eee eee 255, 573 falcatus alaskemsis.....-......... e000 347 SttChensi8... 2.22222 ee eee e eee e ween 347 filiformis........22-2.------- eee eee ee ee 255 GlabTAtus 2.22 eee cee ee ewe nee e wees 255 596 ; Page. Juncus longistylis ....-...---.-----.---0+-- 526 marginatus ........-2-..---...eee eee eee 181 megacephalus...-.......---+--------- 181, 526 nevadensis..........--------+---------- 255 nOMOSUS...-..-.--22 222-22 eee eee 181, 255, 526 megacephalus......-..2.2-+-22---- 181, 526 orthophyllus ............--..---.------- 347 parryi...... 22.22.22 eee eee eee eee 255 parviflorus ..--- 22-22-2222 220 eee ee eee 256 SUMdetiCUS ©... 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 347 tenuis..............2.--.-.-.----- 181, 255, 526 torreyi,...-.-.-------.-----2- ee eee eee 18i, 526 EST) ie 526 xiphioides montanus ...-..---.---.----- 526 xiphioides triandrus ..........2......-- 255 Juneberry ........-- 2022-2 eee eee eee eee 474 Jungermanniacew® 22.2.2... 222... ee eee eee 351 Juniper ........---.-.---- 2-20 -2--20 ee eee eee 473 Juniperus communis......--...2.---------- 266 AWPiNG 22.2 2 ee ee eee eee 533 sibirica ......2...22--20---222--2--- 533 NANA 2.22. eee ee ee eee 266 prostrata........ ae 534 | sabina prostrata ...........2-2.-2--2--- 534 | sibiViCd. 0.22. eee eee 533 virginiana ...............-...---- 193, 266, 534 Kalmia glauca microphylla. ............. --- 571 Kantia trichomanis ............--------+---- 351 Kochia atriplicifolia............2.+------- 176, 551 | Koeleria cristata ...........220..02..-. 190, 262,531 | Nitida. 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 190 pennsylvanicd......2.-22--222-2-2222--- 531 Koellia lanceolata ........2.-2-..202..2-..--- 74 Krameria secundiflora ..............2--.--. 542 Krynitzkia fendleri.......222.--22++-----+-- 170 OLYCATYA occ ce eee cece eee eww nee wen eennes 242 pattersoni ...... 222... e eee eee eee ee eee eee 515 pterocaryd......-- 2.2222 ee eee eee eee eee 242 | Kuhnia eupatorioides glutinosa........--. 161, 504 | clutinosa..........0-- 2.22 e eee eee eee 161, 504 Kuhnistera candida.............2...-.--- 153, 155 multiflora ....-..2---.2-..--2----2-- 154 occidentalis ...-....----.- 153, 154, 155, 491 | compacta......- eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 543 MUL MONA . 2.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 155, 548 | purpurea. ...... 2.2.22 eee eee eee 153, 491, 543 | villosa .......----2e eee ee ee ence eeeeee 153, 543 Kumlienia hystricula...........-...--...-.- 335 | Labiatm..........22......------...--- 174, 246,518 | Lacinaria ............-.-------------------- 538 punctata........---. 222.222 -- 161, 230, 504, 545 SCATIO$SA. .. 2.222250 --- eee ee eee eee eee 504 Squarrosa ....-..----- 2-2... 22e eee eee eee 161 intermedia ..-.....-.---.----------- 161 Lactuca canadensis................-....--- 168 leweophe@d.... 2... cee cee cece ee ween eee 237 ludoviciana ...............-.--..----- 168,511 pulchella.........222222.--.2----- 168, 511, 547 spicata....2.22 222.22 e eee ee eee ee eee ee- 237 Lagophylla ramosissima ......-......------ 234 Lamiace®...............22--2-- 2. eee eee eee 550 Lappula deflexa americana............-..- 170, 515 floribunda................-2..2--2------ 515 lappula ........-.2.--------.2-----2---- 242 redowskii occidentalis............... 170, 515 pilosa ....0... eens ee eee eee eeeeeeeee 170 | Page. Lappula texana ......-. 20.02.2022 eee 242, 549 virginiana ........-.....---..2--------- 514 Larix occidentalis..............-2--..---- 250, 266 zathyrus bijugatus.....2....2..22---2-2---- 221 sandbergii ......-....2.---2----2--- 221 a 494 maritimus.........-2..-2---.222...6-- 382, 338 nevadensis............2-----2220-2222-- 221 ochroleucus ........---.2202----2.0-020- 494 ormatus ..-.-...22..2222 022 eee eee. 156 palustris ...---..22...-. --.2-...-.---- 221,338 polymorphus......-..------.------+---- 156 venosus californicus ........2......---- 221 Teche major. ...-2-.. 2.00. e eee eee eee eee 486 Leersia...........22222 2220000 eee eee eee 4,41 hexandra. 2.0.06... 220 eee ee eee ee eee eee 41 monandra........-.-------2-2---2------ 2 Oryzoides ....22.2. 222 eee ee eee eee eee 41 virginica...222.0020 2.02222 eee 2 Legouzia perfoliata .............2...- 168, 238, 512 Luguminose....-......02.22..2202200002- 153, 219 Leibergia ........2.22222. 202020 -22ee eee ee 575 orogenioides .............2..002 200-02 575 Lemna gibba.......-..-22..2--. 22022 -0---- 182 minor ......... 022... eee ee eee 182, 193, 256, 526 perpusilla........2...........-..-.--- 182, 193 polyrrhizd. .. 0... cee cece eee e eee eee 182 trisulea .... 2.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 182 valdiviniana ...........222220-...222---- 182 Lemnacem .....2..2...2222-2---222--- 182, 256, 526 Lentibulariacew ...... wee eee eee ee eee eee 173, 246 Leontodon hirsutum............-222-2------ 237 tarAXACUM . 22... ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 257, 511 Lepachyscolumnaris........--...---- 165, 508, 546 pulcherrimm@. 2... cece cece ee eee eee 165 tagetes... 22-2... 02.22.22 e eee eee eee eee 516 Lepargyra argentea........2......2..-- 249, 521 canadensis .........---..-..-.-------- 249, 521 Lepidium alyssoides.............202..02.2.-. 213 dictyotum...-......2..222.202202220200. 213 incisum ......2.2 2. ee eee eee eee 150, 486 intermedium. .............-...2...2.. 150, 213 montanum alyssoides............-+---- 213 PVOCUMBENS 0.26.2... eee ee eee 213 Lepidozia reptans. ...-2.. 0.202.000.0022... 351 Leptobryum pyriforme...............-....- 271 Leptochloa fascicularis...............-..... 190 Leptorchis leselii......2.......000..000022. 180 Leptotenia dissecta............22..2..2222. 228 multifida...... 2.2.2 22..20222222-02222-. 228 Lepturus paniculatus..........2...-- 189, 530, 554 Leskea brachyclados..................2----- 273 Lespedeza capitata sericea. ............--.. 156 Lesquerella argentea..........2..22....--.- 150 arenosa ..... 2.22.22. 485 spatulata .......2..02.0220.000022.02.2-. 486 Lessingia .......-...- 20.2 22220. 22222 22-20-- 321 Leucocrinum montanum..................- 525 Leucolepis acaunthoneura............--.---- 272 Liatrispunctata.........02222.0220224. 161, 280, 545 Lichens ............-.22---+---2----2-0-+-+-- 475 Ligusticum eastwoodiw.................--.- 320 ae 341 MaCOUNLL. ..-2.- 2.2... eee eee eee eee 321 SCOPUIOTUM . 2.22. .eeee cece eee eee eee eee 227 scothicum...... wee eee eee e ee eee eee 341 Page. Ligusticum verticillatum -..----.----------- 320 Liliacem .........2----------0--5- 253, 346, 524, 553 Lilium camschatcense......---------------- 346 canadense parviflorum. .....--.---+---- 25d columbianum .....-.----- 20-22-2222 05-- 253 parviflorum ..---------+-----------+++++-- 253 pudicum ....-..+2-e0 eee renee eee eee 254 umbellatum. ....----------+--++++++++-- 525 Limnas arkansana..-.---.-------++--- eaeeeee 58 FO es 58 Linacem .-..------2eee2-eeeeeeee- 151, 218, 489, 542 Linaria canadensis. -....-....---+----+++ wee- O17 Linnwa borealis.....-----.-.-------+e+-+- 229, 508 Linum ......------ 22. eee eee ee ee eee eee 538 digynum........--2-+--2++--05eee rete ee 218 lewisil ....---------------------+----- 218, 489 rigidum........---+-+----+--++--- 151, 489, 542 DLiparis loeselii.... 2-22-0022 - 22sec ee eee 180 Lippia cuneifolia. .-.-------------++-++++--- 550 Lisianthus glaucifolius......---------+++++- 548 pusselianus.....-2.--.2022 22 eee e cree eee 548 Listera convallarioides.......-------------- 252 cordata....---.----. 2-020 eee e cere ee eee 252 Lithophragma parviflora .....-..-----++---- 224 Lithospermum angustifolium........ 171, 516, 549 gmelini ......--------- 22-02-22 reer 171 pilosum .....-.-----------22 22 -e eer eee 243 Liverworts. .-.------ we ne eee eee eee w ence eees 475 Loasacem ......------------------ 159, 226, 501, 545 Lobelia spicata hirtella.....------------- 168, 511 syphilitica .....--.--2-----+---+++-+---- 168 Lobeliaces .....-----------+---- 22-202 - 238, 511 Lonicera ciliosa .....--.---------+--+2--+--- 229 hirsuta glaucescens ..-..--.----+----+-- 503 | douglasti ....-.--------20200- 2 eee e eee ee 503 involucrata ......--------eee+ eee eee eee 229 PArViflOrd ..-- 2.2.2 ee eee eee eee e eee 503 ntahensis ..--.-------2---+---+eee eres 229 Lophanthus urticifolius .....----+--+-++++-- 246 Lophocolea bidentata ....------------+++++- 275 Lophophora. ----.-.----------+--++++er6r+++- 131 | williamsii.........----------------+---- 131) lewinii .....-.....------------------ 131 Loranthace®.....----..----+---+----------- 250 | Lotus americanus....----.--.---- 153, 171, 220, 490 douglasii.....----------------++++++++-- 220 pinnatus ...-------------+--+---+e52e5-- 220 SOPICOUS. .. 2.2. e ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 153, 219 Lowellia aure@....--.---------+-+-2+----000° 547 Luetkea cwspitosa......-...------------ 2+ 495 pectinata...----.----------+2---- errr - 338 Lupinus argenteus.....-------+--eseeeerree- 569 argophyllus ....--------+-----+-++++ 569 burkei .....--..2--- 2-0 e eee eee eee eee 219 flexuosus....-.---.----------++--+--+---- 219 laxiflorus....-.-..------+-2ee eee eee eee 219 lepidus....-- wee eee eee cece erent ec eee 219 Jeucophyllus ......------------+22+-+--- 219 nootkatensis unalaskensis .-..-----.--- 338 Ornatus .......00220- 2 eee eee eee ee eee eee 219 parviflorus... .--.-.--+--++---+-++--+22+- 490 polyphyllus .........------------++-e2- 219 pusillus ....-------------+--e2 ee eee ee eee 490 seTiceUS...-..------------+-+- Seen e cece 490 Luziola ..........-----------++ eee eeeeeee eee 4, 40 alabamensis.........--+------+-++ aeeeeee 40 Page. Luziola peruviana.....----+----------+----- 40 Luzula campestris... .0.-00ceeeee eee eee 200, 573 sudeticd ...---.----- 22200 eee eee -- 347 COMBO. 22 eee eee eee eee ee eeeeeee 526 spadiced parviflora ..--++-+-+---+-++5 -.. 256 Lychnis drummondii..-..--..------++-+++ 150, 488 Lycoperden cyathiforme.....----------+--+ 541 subcortictum ...---- eee eee eee eee eeeeee 276 Lycopodiacew. ....---------+--+-+--+-- 268, 349, 534 Lycopodium alpinum .-....--.-----++++-+++- 349 annotinum ......----------202-e-ee--- 268, 349 complanatum .....-.-------e+eeeeeee ees 268 dendroideum ....---------22eee eee eee -. 534 Obscurum ....-.. 222-2 eee eee ee eee eee 534 rupestre ... 222.2. e eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 534 Lycopus lucidus ....-..--.-2-++2-++ eeeeeeee 174 sinuatus ....-...----- +2222 eee eee 174, 519, 550 virginicus ..-..-....-00 2-02-22 eee eee 174, 246 Lycurus...-.... 02.0220 2 2 eee ee eee eee --. 5,88 phleoides.....-....------++-++ wee scenes 88 Lygodesmmia......-...--- vec eeeeeeceeceeeeee 538 juncea ..... 2.22220 eee eee eee eee eee 167, 238, 548 OES A A 167, 548 MNUNON oc eee eee eee eee eee teen eeeees 238 rostrata ...... 2... eee eee eee ee ee eee 167, 548 Lysichiton kamtschatcensis.....----------- 256 Lysimachia ciliata ..-----------++222--+5- 240, 513 thyrsiflora ........----- wee ee eeee 168, 240, 513 Lythrace® ..----------------+eeeeee errors 158, 544 Lythrum alatum.....----------+--+-++++++- 158, 544 Macrocalyx nyctelea-.......--------+-++5 170, 514 Madia filipes......--..------+----++ weceeee. 234 glomerata........----+---------++65 eeee 234 SATIVA... 2-2 eee eee eee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee 234 TaC€MOSA. ...--------- eee eee ee eee eee 234 Madorella racemosa. ..-----------+--+-+-+-+-++-- 234 Mahonia aquifolium nutkana .....--------- 483 Maianthemum canadense...-----+++++------ 525 Malva coccined......--------++-+ +--+ 151, 489, 542 MUNPOANA... 2-2 2222s eee eee eee eee eee 218 Malvacew ........----------- +2 = 151, 217, 489, 542 Malvastrum coccineum .........--------- 151, 542 Malvaviscus palmeri-..-.-----------+++----- 313 flavidus ...--... 202022 e eee eee eee eee eee 313 | Malveopsis coccinea ...--.....----+--2-+-- 489 Mamillaria........--------------0 +e eee eee 95 acanthophlegma ...----.-+--+++2002222-+ 96 AdUNCH . 0-2. eens ewe eee eee e eee eens 99 My Gregata .--.. 2-2-2222 eee ee eee eee eee 396 applanata ......-------++--4-eee ee eee -- 97 arizonicd@....---.--6--- +2222 eee e ee eee eee 121 barbata ..-----. 2-22-22 e eee ee eee eee ee 102 bihamata......---------- eee e eee eee ee 99 DOCASANG . ...- 2-2 eee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee 104 Ch 116 chlorantha .... 2.6 eee eee nee e eee weeeee 121 COMPACE . . 2 ee een eee newness eenee recess 113 CONOTMEM. . 0.222 e ewe ne en eee e ene we eeeeee 117 COTNISETA . 2.2222 eee ee eee eee ee weeeeeeee 114 Tn pexicoma ...-++-- eeccceveeaees --- 114 dactylithele....-.--.+----+0++5 seeeeceeee 122 dasyacanth. ....-+--200--eeeeeees eeeeee LIT Meclivi8 - 2. .ceeee eee e eee enc weeeeeenee 97 depressa@....- a eeeeeeee ecevscccuss wnccuee 99 deserti...--+.- wee e eee e enone a eee wee eeeeee 121 echinus.....- en ean nema nec nnane weeeeee 116 598 Page. Mamillaria fisswrata . 2.2.00... .0ecc ee eee eee 129 SUIPULACED 20 eee eee cece eee eee ees 130 a 109 GOOUrICNIiT .. 22. cence cece eee eee cece ene 102 ae 103 GUIRMUS OT «oe eee ee eee eee eee 98 halet ©... 0. cee eee eee ccc ee cece 106 hemispherica ....2... 000.02. eee ee ee eeee 97 heteromorpha .. 2.0... .000 22 nee n eee eee 122 heyderi....2..2222.. ee nn 97 TIM PCXICOMG «occ ceenennneeeeneeee eee 114 CO 107 lasiacanthat..........220 cece nec enenneeee 99 denudata....22. 2220. c cee eee ee eee 100 longthamata..........2-00cee cece eee e eee 105 longimamma . 0.22.22 cece cece cece eee ee 110 MACTOMETIES . 202. eee eee ee eee eee ee 122 MEVACANNA. 2.2.22 2-22 ee cece cece eee 98 MACTOCAL PA... 22 eee ecen eee en ec cene ceee 103 MACKOMENIS 2.2 e eee eee cee eee eee eee 100 QU OGQU © cece nec ce eee eee e cece cn eeeee 101 mberothele . 2... e ee nec e ce eee ene cence 101 MISBOUTIENSIS ©2022 cece eee eee nnee 110, 501 CORPILOSA. .. 222. e eee eee eee eee 111 PObUSCLON 2.2L eee ce eee eee 111 NOtEStEINGL. ©. eee eee eee ene e nce n cues 110 nuttallit. 2.2... ieee eee eee eee ee 110 COSPILOSM. ©... 2. eee ee eee ee eee 111 TODUSTIO . 2. ee ee eee eee ence eee 111 PAPYVACANERA, «2.0 cece eee e enna ceeeeceee 376 pectinata. 22... ee eee eee cece eee eee 113 phellosperMa... 20.20. ccc cece ene e eee 104 PON. 6... cece eee eee cece eee eee 102 POtstt. 02... ee eee ce eee cence eee ee 118 PTISMAUMCA . 2.2.2. cee eee cece eee ween ee 129 PUsilld 2... cee eee eee eee eee aeeees 108 CCLANG 002. eee ce eee eee cee ewee newness 108 er 113 TACOS 0. 2c. eee eee eee cece ene e nee 120 TECUTVAND © 22. e ee eee eee eee eee ence ee 112 Oy 112 Thodantha. 2... 2.22 ccc cee ween ceeeee 107, 108 SULPhUred . 2.2222 - cece eee eee e wenn 107 TODUSTISPING. 0.2.22 2e eee eee eee ween ee 112 TOSCONG wenewe sce ceee ec ee sence ee nent enae 105 salm-dyckiand 0.222222. 2 cece cece eee ee 113 BNC. oo ee ee ewe eee 111 VAN. oe ee eee eee eee 111 SCOLYMOTMCE 6... cee cece eee eee eee eee 115 SCULEPING ©... eee ee eee eee cece cee eee eee 106 similis . 2.2... ee eee eee ee eee 111 TODUSCLOY ~. 2. eee eee ene ee eee ee 111 ST 95, 110 2 ed 109 sphorotricha ..2 02. ccccece cece eceeececes 109 Strobilufor mis . 6.0.2... cece ewww ene 116, 117, 118 SULCALM . 02-0 cece eee eee eee e eee eeeee 116 BUIPNUPCD . 6. ee eee e ee eee ee neceees 107 Cetraneistre 2... c cece cece e eee eeneceeee 104 CCHANG «occ cence eee ee eee eee eecesesee- 108 a 97 tuberculosd... 2. ccc eaec cece ene ceeneeees 118 UNCINGALM. . 2 eee cece eee eee eee e eee 99 Vivipard 2.2.2... ee ee eee eee 119, 120 radiosa texwand ......22..02.22202--- 120 | radiosa neo-mexicand ........-22+-- 120 | Page. Mamillaria wrightit ......00002..0.000 cee ee 101 Manisuris............200..c2cceeeceecceeeee 2,7 granularis .........22..20..020---e0000e 7 Marrubium vulgare............2.--......-- 247 Marsilia vestita...............0...00.200- 268, 541 Marsiliacem... 2.0.0.0... 0.000. 2eeeee ee eee eee 268 Martynia louisiana ..................2..02- 550 PVODOSCIMIA... 0. eee eee eee cece ee ee eee 550 Matricaria discoidea ...........02...02-200- 235 matricarioides ..............2...22..0-- 235 Medicago sativa ...........2 0222.0... . 0. 153, 219 Meesia longiseta ............0..2-22202.-05- 271 Megapterium canescens .........-........- 544 Meibomia canadensis .-..............22---- 155 Melampodium cinereum.................--- 546 Melampsora farinosa..................-.... 276 Melampsorella cerastii...................-- 276 Melampyrum americanum ...............-. 245 Melica acuminata.........000cceeeeeeeeeeee 262 subulata ........2-2-. 2 eee bee e eee e ee eee 262 Melilotus alba ..........2..0222.00 202 cee eee 153 Melocactus ingens .........0..ceceeeeeeeeeee 360 Mengea californica ........220--.ceeeeccenee 247 Mentha borealis ...... cece ccceeesceceeceee 246 canadensis ................------- 174, 246, 550 glabrata.......2.... we eee eee ee cee eee 518 Mentzelia decapetala............2........ 501, 40 dispersa.... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 226 levicaulis.........0.....----c00-0-eee 226, 570 multiflora ...... 222... cece e ee eee eee eee 545 nuda... 2.2.2... cee c ee eeeeecesacee 159, 501, 545 oligosperma............ bee ce eee eewenee 501 ormata - 2.2.0... eee eee 226 Menyanthes trifoliata.................-.- 240, 344 Menziesia ferruginea ...................- 329, 343 glabella ..-.2. 22... eee ee ecw eee eee 238 glanduliflora ....222 222-222 e eee eens 343 Meriolix serrulata -...........2.....2...0-- 544 Mertensia alpina.................2220.02--- 571 lanceolata. ..2 22.2222 2 cece cence eee eeeeee 516 oblongifolia ..............00....0..--. 242, 571 paniculata. ...........0...0...-0----- 242, 516 Sibirica........-2....0...02.eeenee ceeeee 515 Micromeria douglasii ..................2.-- 246 Micropleura renifolia ..............-.--.... 301 Microseris linearifolia.................0.04- 236 nutans .. 22.2.2 - ee eee eee eee eee 236 Microsperma bartonioides ...........2...--- 317 ER) 317 Milium 2.2.2.2... eee eee cence cence 5, 56 AiNpPhicarpumM ....cccceecnscceceneccene 20 CUSPIMMUM 62 oc cecencccnccnnanncnnccnne 56 offugum ....-- 2.222 eee eee eee eee eee ee 56 Millet, cattail ........2...00. 000000002. e eee 40 Millet, common ...............2..2000---0-- 144 Millet, Russian ........0......20.---22e00ee 144 Millet grass, wild ......2..-22.02..02.0cc0ee 56 Mimosa illinoensis .......0.cceeecceceeceeee 544 BpirOcarpa ...... 2... cece eens eee eee 316 Mimulus glabratus jamesii.............. 172, 518 GOMES... cece cece eee e eee ee ee 173, 518 langsdorfii ............200...00..22.206- 345 luteus. .... 22.0.2 22 0.222 ee eee eee 345,517 moschatus ...... 2... cece eee ee eee eee 244 NANUS oe cence cece c cence cece cece aneenne 244 NASULUS -... 2... eee eee eee ene eeceeee 244 Page, Mimulus pulsifer@.............-- weeeeeeeee 244 rubellus.........---------- eee eee eee eee 244 Mitella breweri .......---.-------e-e+eeee-- 224 caulescens ..--.-------- sees. ee eee ee eee 224 a 340 pentandra.....---------+- +e eee ee eee 224 trifida. .... 0... cee eee eee ee eee eee ween 224 Mnium crudum ....-..--.----0-e eee eee eee 271 FONEANUM 222s eee eee cere cece ee eeee ees 271 AYGTOMELTICUM ... eae e eee eee eee eee ee 271 medium .....----- sees ee eee eee e eee eeeeee 272 marginatum ....--..:-..--------------- 272 punctatum..... 02... cee e eee ee eee 272, 350 PULPULEUM .. 0 eee ee ee ence eee eee ee eeee 269 PYTUOVME «een e eee eee cee ee eee eeee 271 SEVVTATUM . eee eee e eee cee eee eee eee ee 272 spinulosum .........--..+.-++---------- 272 umbratile ......--.------------02------- 272 Mollugo verticillata..........-......----- 151, 227 Monarda citriodora ..........-----.-------- 174 fistulosa mollis.....-....-.-.-.-.- 174, 246, 519 MOUs... 22. - eee eee eee ee eee eee eens 246, 519 Moneses uniflora...............-002 eee ee 239, 343 Monolepis chenopodioides..............-.-- 247 | nuttalliana..........-2....... 00sec eee 247, 520 | Monotropa uniflora .......-......---.------ 239 MossesS......-...22022 0020s cece scene eee eeeee 47. Muehlenbergia. (See Muhlenbergia.) Muhlenbergia.--..--.--- nes 5, 64 acuminata .........-- ee eee eee eee eee eee 7 afftinis ...--..---..-.----------.22------- 66 ambigua ...---------------------------- 69 aremicola ........----- cece se ceceeeeeeeee 67 ATIZONICA....--- eee eee eee ee eens 70 berlandieri ........-...-....--------.--- 67 buckleyana .......-----.+-+--eeeeee eee 69 californica .......---..--.---02--0------ 69 capillaris..........-------..----. 22.226. 65 filipes ....-..-----.----- cece eee ee eee 66 trichopodes ..............-..22..2-- 66 comata ..-.....- 22. e eee eee eee eee eee 68 debilis ..........-...200 eee eeeeeee eeeeee 70 depauperata ...-........-----..-2.----- 65 diffusa ......-..---------------- 2222s 68 distichophylla .....-..........22---2--- 66 dumosa ...---.---.------ 2-2 eee ee eee 71 emersleyi ......-------------------+-+-- 66 CLPANEA 222-2 eee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 66 Jilipes ....-. 0-22-2222 e eee eee eee eee 66 glomerata........-..-.-- Pewee eee ee eeeee 68 brevifolia....--- 2222-0 eeee eee eeee eee 69 TAMOSA .. 2-2 ee ee eee ee eee eee eee 68 gracilis .....-...---.----- esses ee eee eee 67 breviaristata....... cece eens ee eee 67 gracillima......-........---...062 2-2-2. 68 huachucana.........-.....-...22.------ 69 lemmoni .......-....2-2---------eeeee ee 70 mexicana ......-------.2-------------- 69, 188 monticola ......---.------- 2.2. ee eee eee 71 neo-mexicana ......---.----2-.- eee eee 70 parishii .--.........222.202. 20222 e eee 71 parviglumis.........--.--.-.--0--.eeee- 71 pauciflora.....-... 22.2.2... 2. eee eee eee 70 pendula ....------- 22 e eee eee eee ee eee eee 57 pringlei .........-.-.--..22..eee eee eee 71 Page. Muhlenbergia racemosa. ........---....-- 188, 530 reverchoni ......-.....00.-00-e.eee--e0 66 setifolia ..........2..0-..20- 0 eee eee eee 66 schaffneri .--.. 22-222. 22. ee eee eee eee ee 71 longiseta............2-.222-.-22028, 71 sobolifera .........22.. 22.0 ce ee eee eee 68 SUDAIPING .. 2... ee eee eee eee eee ee 67 sylvatica....2....0.2. 02.22 e eee eee eee 69, 188 CALUSOTNICH 22... eee cece eee eee een eee 69 tekana ..-...... eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 70 trichopodes ..-----ceeeeeseaecececceeneae 66 VIT€SCONS.-.- 2... eee eee ee ee ee eee eee ee 67 willdenovii..........2--.0.222....-2.0-- 68 wrightli.......2.-....2--2- 202.222 0- ee 68 Munroa squarrosa................2.2..--. 190, 555 Musci........-2- 2-0. ee ee cece eee eee ee eee 269 Musineon alpinum...-............-...2.-+- 304 Museniopsis ....................20022008- 301, 302 wgopodioides............-2-2.---20-.0-. 302 COTdata.... 2... sce ee ee cece ee ence eee ee 304 dissecta ....... 22222-2220 lees ee eee ee eee 304 peucedanoides ..........-.22-2--02222-- 303 scabrella ..........0.-.222--2 2 eee eee eee 304 schaffneri ...........---0-.020-eee eee eee 303 serrata ......2... 22-22 eee eee eee 304 tenuifolia .........2-2..02.2022202.0000- 302 termata -. 22... cece ee ee eee ee eee ee 302, 303 filifolia.. 2.222222... eee eee eee 303 tOXANA .- 2.2. Lee eee ee eee eee eens 302 tuberosa ......2..22222 022-22 eee 303 Musenium divaricatum hookeri.............- 501 | tenuifolium ...--..-----222222-e ee eee eee 501 | trachyspermum 2.22. ...-eeeee cece ee eens 501 | Myagrum argenteum ......0...002-222-2 eee 150 | Ce 213 | Myosotis flaccida..........cccecceeeeeeee ees 242 lappula ...... 2-22-2222 ee eee eee eee eee 242 MALTOBPETING .eeeeee ene ceneee ence eeneeee 515 BUPTULICOSA. woe e cece eens eneeee scenes 170, 549 sylvatica .........2.2.2 22 eee eee eee eee 515 alpestris ..........-........-02000-- 571 BYLVESETIS ~~. ee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 571 tenella... 22. eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 242 VOINA ....--- eee eee ee eee eee 243 macrosperma......---....--------64 515 VIN GINICE . 2.2 eee eee ee eee eee eee 514 Myosurus apetalus............2.222.22.20-- 209 QTIStAlUS ©2222 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 209 Myriophyllum spicatum ............-2...... 158 ‘Myriopteris gracilis ...-..--.02.eeeeee eee eee 535 Nabalus alatus .........-----2222-eeeeee eee 342 Naiadacem .......22.---2------222.2-- 2000 182, 256 Naias flexilis...........2--2.0.02..0.00..00. 183 guadalupensis...........-.2-2--.--..--. 183 Nardosmia sagittata. .....-2.-0eeeeeeeese eee 235 Narthecium glutinosum ..-...0.20-22-20020- 347 Nasturtium curvisiliqua@........--02-202000- 212 ODIUBUM «aoe eee ee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee 149 officinale... 0.2.02... 2 eee eee eee eee eee 212 palustre. .....2..-.. 2.222222. 0222 eee ee 212 Naumburgia thyrsiflora...............--. 168, 513 Navarretia intertexta.............-2..2.--- 241 Navarettia longiflora .-...2...2.020.0222022. 170 | Neogoezia. ... 22.22.2222. 2 222-2 ee eee eee ee 305 | gracilipes wet ee eee cee eee eee eee e eee 365 MINOL -- 2 eee ee eee eee eens 306 600 Page. Neonelsonia.....-.-----------.----e2e- ee eee 306 OVatA. 22... eee eee eee eee 307 Nepeta cataria .....2...22..222- 2.02 eee eee 246 Nine-bark ..........-....------2------------- 474 Nopal castillano........--.......---.------- 419 Nothocalais euspidata.............---.--- 168, 237 Nuphar polysepalum .....-2-2.0--2---+--+ 211, 336 Vuttallia involucrata.....-. 2-22. -20-+-20-- 542 Nyctaginacem...........-.--..--- 174, 47, 519, 550 Nympheea advena...--....----..----- 149, 211, 484 polysepala ......-...--.-..--+.--.---- 211, 336 | Nymphiwacem. ....--....----.---- 1419, 211, 336, 484 Oak ......---------- eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 291, 476 Dur. 2.22 eee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 471,474 | Oat grass, black..........-..-.------------- aves Oats.........--------- 2-22-22 ee eee ee eee eee 144 Obione argented ...--..---.---+-+++++++----- 551 (nanthe pringlei.........-.-.---.---.----- 307 QGEnothera albicaulis ...........------ 159, 159, 500 biennis....---..----.--.------ 159, 226, 500, 544 parviflora ........-.-.---.----..---- 159 crspitosa .......-..----.------------- 226, 500 CONESCENE .. 2-22 --- ee eee eee eee ee eee 544 coronopifolia.............--.22-.2--.2-- 500 densiflora .......----.-------2-2--22---- 226 hartwegii......-...--- Lecce nescence eees 544 leptophylla ......-...-2-22-2----------+- 500 | pallida ...2.-.-2222 02220222 ee ee eee eee 159 latifolia ..........-..--------------- 159 leptophylla......-..2.-- 2-0. - eee eee 500 | PINNAtifida . 2... cece ec cecneneecceeees 159, 500 parviflora ... 2.2.22. 222. e eee eee eee ee 159 rhombipetala............2....000-0202-- 159 serrulata...........2..2....---06- 159, 500, 544 sinuata... 2.22. eee eee eee eee eee 159, 500 Oidium erysiphioides ..........--.-.2--.--- 276 Olencew 22.22.22... eee eee eee ee eee 168, 513 Omphalodes howardi............-....------ 571 Onagra biennis..-.-..---.-..--.----- ceeeee 226, 544 | Onagrace® .............-..--- 158, 225, 340, 500, 544 | Onion .........-..22---- 2-202 ee ee eee eee eee 144 | Onobrychis sativa. ....2.......2 02... eee eee 221 | Onoclea sensibilis ..............ee eee eee 194,536 | struthiopteris.......-.....-......-2---- 536 | Onosmodiuwm carolinianum. .........-.00--- 171 | re 171,516 | Ophioglossace® ............-..2-2.2------- 194, 268 Ophrys cernua...-- wee eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 180 | COPMALA. 2. eee eee ee 252 Corallorhiza . 0.00.2 ee eee eee eee ee eee 251, 524 hyperbored .. 22... .e eee eee eee ee eee eee 180 | larselii ... 22.02.02 cece eee eee eee eee 180 Oplismenus ..-..-....-..--2. 20-22-0022 e eee 3,37 setarius .........--.---2------e eee eee ee 37 Oplotheca floridana .....--..---.2-+--+.-- 175, 551 Opulaster capitatus.....-- ve ee te ects eee eeee 221 MONOLYNUS .--..--.--- 2-2 eee eee eee ee 221, 495 opulifolius .....2...0......00..------- 221,495 Opuutia.............-.---.220.--.2--- 418, 440, 441 acanthocarpa ....------...-.22.-22-.- 454, 461 angustata.........---. 022222222 eens 425, 462 comonduensis.......-.-.--.---++--- 425 arborescens ........--......22-2------ 451, 461 arbuscula................2200.-22---- 455, 461 arenaria .......- we eee ee eee ee eee eee 439, 462 basilaris ..........---2--..20.0------: 433, 462 Page Opuntia basilaris ramosa .....-...---- cesses 434 bernardina.......-.------.--..------- 447, 460 bigelovii ...-....2.-..-....22.-------. 449, 461 bonplandii .........00-. 22206 eee eee eee 420 brachyarthra.... 2-22-2222 eee eee eee 440 bulbispina .-....-.....----2------0-0-- 441, 461 CUBPUOSM. 2. ee eee ee eee eee 428 calmalliana .. 2.0.2.2... ee eee eee eee eee 453 eamanchica .-...-....-...-----2------ 427, 462 chlorotica ..............--.----------- 422, 462 Ciribe ......2.0.-005--02---2-2 2-2 eee ee 445 clavata........2....----- Lecce ee eee eee 442, 460 Clavellina ........2.. 0. .22220--0- ee eeee 444 davisii......2222..-222222-------2---- 445, 460 duleis ..... 000.2002 2 22 eee ee eee eee 421 echinocarpa...........----------- 445, 460, 461 CE 446 nuda....-2 2.22. . eee eee eee eee eee 446 parkeri .....-.....-2---020eee eens 446, 460 robustior. ..........2....-..-----6-- 446 OMOTY) .----.--- eee eee eee ee eee eee 443, 461 engelmannt .......22.-22 22 eee eee eee 420 cyclodes ...--- 2222222 e eee eee cease 422 littoralis ......0..22.22 220200222 eee 422 occidentalis. .....22.----22----2e2 eee 421 CTUNACEH. © oe eee eee eee ee 438 exuviato-stellata .....2--2..02-.-2--0--- 451 ficus-indica..........2....2.---------. 419, 461 filipendula.......2....-. wee e eee eee ee 428, 462 fragilis ........0..20202.220-22-.--. 439, 462, 501 brachyarthra ..........222..--..02-- 440 Frutescens .. 02... -- 222222 eee eee eee 455 Jrutescens ......-- gee eee ee eee ee eee 455 brevispind. 2. oc cccecee cece ce eeeeees 455 longispind .....2..22222222---0-2--- 456 Sulyens ....-..-2..-------- ween eee e ee eeee 448 fulgida.........22. eens eee eee eee eee 448, 461 mamillata .....----.2---.-20-..------ 449 fuseo-atra.......-- Bee ee eee ee eee eee 432, 462 grahami .........2..........- ceeeeeee 442, 460 grandis ..-........2.-------2----------- 418 greenti .... 22-222 eee ee eee ee eee eee 431 humifusa .... 2.2... 2.22. eee 160, 501 hystricina.........--2--..-.----------- 435, 462 imbricata ........2 0022222 eee eee 452 intermedia .....c.222 eee eee eee eee 429 invicta. .-....... 220.2222 - 2222 eee eee ee 444 kleiniw.......22222 2202222220022 eee 454, 461 Levis... 2... eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 419, 462 larreyi .-.....----.-------2222---------- 423 leptocaulis -......-.----.--.---------- 455, 461 brevispind ...... 22.220 c eee eee eee 455 stipata 2.2.2... eee eee 456 vaginata ....- cee ee ee eee eee eee eee 456 lindheimeri...--................2----- 420, 461 eyclodes.....--.------2 2-22-2200. 422, 401 duleis ......22..2222..22-.0 22 eee 421, 461 littoralis ............22-.2.-....--. 422, 461 occidentalis ...............---.--- 421, 461 macrocentra ..... 2... ee eee ee ee ee eee 425 MaCrorhizd.... 2.22.2 eee 430 mamillata....-- 22-2. eee eee eee eee eee 449 Te ee 435 mesacantha...........-....-- 428, 461, 462, 538 eymochila...............2--.-.--- 430, 462 grandiflora.......... wee e eee eee 429, 462 601 Page Opuntia mesacantha greenii ..-...-.----- 481, 462 macrorhiza........-----..-------- 430, 462 microsperma ..-...-..-.-----6+--+ 429, 462 oplocarpa ..........22--02ee eee eee 431, 462 PATVA ..-------- 22 eee eee eee eee ee 429, 462 stenochila.......--.-..----------- 430, 462 VASOV1. 22222 eee ee eee eee eee eee 431, 462 microdasyS...-------------eee eee e eee ee 483 missouriensis ..........2..20.---- 160, 227, 435 Albispind........2--222--- eee eee eee 437 elongata... 22.02. eee eee eee eee eee 435 MIUCTOSPCVINA «2.222 e eee ewe ee ee eee eee 436 platyCarp ©. 22.2220. eee e eee eee eee 436 PUJISPINGE ©0002 c eee eee eee ee eee eee 43 trichophora@. ...--+.--+-+-0--00025--- 437 mojavensis........---.++---e--2 eee ee 427, 462 molesta .....2--2.--- 22-2222 e eee ee eee eee 453 occidentalis... ..22-----222---220-e eee 421 | OplOCcarpa .....2-.eee seen ee eee eee eee ee- 431 — opuntia .........-.2-2.--2-.------ 432, 461,462 | palmeri ......-....22.2------+-------- 423, 462 LC 446 parryi........--..------+--+-- +e eee 441, 460 pes-corvi .......----- eee ee eee eee eee 433, 461 | pheacantha..........--.----------++---- 426 DrUNNEM .-- 22-2 eee eee eee ee eee 426 MAjOL .. 2.4.2.2 e eee ee ee eee eee eee 426, 462 NIGVICONS . 222-2 e ee ee ee wee eee eee 426 polyacantha.......------: 160, 435, 461, 462, 558 albispina..........---..-----.---- 437, 462 borealis .....-...---------.------- 436, 462 | platycarpa....-..---.+..----+----- 426, 462 | tricophora .......---......-....-- 437, 462 watsoni ..........---------------- 437, 462 procumbens.....--------+---+-++------ 424,462 | prolifera. ......-.........-------- 448, 460.461 | pulchella.............2.2.-20--------- 442,460 | pulvinata ......... 22. eee eee ee eee eee 433 pyenantha .....-...--.- 22-22 eee eee eee 423 | margaritana....... ...--.---------- 424 PAPNESQUEL 020. c eee eee ence eee ees 160, 428, 501 eymochila .....22222222202---------- 430 MONTANE 2222.22 eee eee eee eee 430 PUSIPOTINIS. - 20.2 c ee eee eee eee eee 430 grandiflora. ......----- 2202-022 ------ 429 macrorhiza .....-.-...+-----+--+----- 430 MAUCTOSPEVMA «0... eee ee eee eee eeeee- 429 MIUNOP 2.2 e eee eee ee eee eee eee 429 stenochila 2... 22.2222. eee eeee eee 430 ramosissima.....---..--+-eeeeeeeeeeee 456,461 | rotundifolia. ............---.----------- 457 rubrifolia ......-.-.------.----------- 424, 462 rufida . 2... 22. eee eee eee eee eee eens 433 rutila .............2-2---..----2--0--- 438, 462 | schottii .......--..-...--+------------ 443, 460 greggii............2.- 222-22 e ee eee 444 serpentina .....-...------------------ 447, 460 setispina ...--...----...--------- eee ee 428 | sphaerocarpa..........e02. eee e ee eee 438, 462 utahensis .....---..-------------- 438, 462 stellata ...---. 2-26.22 0 e ee eee ee eee eee 451 stenopetala..........-.....--.---------- 418 strigil............---..-..--------.--- 419, 462 tapona .......-.-- eee ee eee eee ee eee 423 tenuispina .-...-...--..--.----------- 427, 462 tesajo ..2.. 2... e eee ee eee eee eee 448 Page. Opuntia tessellata .........---.------------- 456 thurberi...-.....-... eee ee eee eee eee eee 453 tidballit 2.2.2.2. e eee e eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 422 tortispina ..........2.....622--222---- 427, 462 treleasii.........-.-------. ee eee eee eee 434, 462 triacantha.........--.....-22--2-------- 420 TUNA .--- ee eee eee eee 420 tunicata.............----+.-------------- 444 VAGINA «eee een eee eee ee eee eee eee 456 versicolor ...........-------+------0---- 452, 460 vulgaris. ..2. cee. cece ee ee ee eee eee eee 428, 432 TAPIMESGUIL. - 2 eee eee ne ween eee ee 428 whipplei ......-------.---- ee eee eee eee 450, 461 SpinOsior. ........222ee2 eee eee eee 451, 460 OO 454 Orchidacem ...........---0-665 .. 180, 251, 346, 524 Orchis bracteat@ .....2-..----- +2002 eee eee 346, 524 CiLAtdte . oe eee eee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee 252, 346 hyper bored... eeeeee eect eee eee eee eeee 346, 524 OPDICULALA . 22 o eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 252 Oreocarya glomerata....-.---+------------- 515 suffruticosa....--- 2... eee eee eeeee 170, 549 Oreomyrrhis .......-----++ ee dasevedscencens 305 GQVACIPeS ©... eo eee eee cece wesc eee eeeee 305 Orobanc hacew® .....-.-.2------ 22 ee eee 173, 245, 518 Orobanche fasciculata ...ce0.--eee00- 173, 245, 518 ludoviciand ..------2-- 22002 eee ee eee eee 518 pinetorum ...- 22.208. eee eee eee ee eee eee 246 UNI MOT. 2-2 ence ee ee ee ec ween eee eeeeeee 245 Orthocarpus luteus .....--..-------++---- 245, 518 pilosus. . 2.2222. e eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 571 tenuifolius......----.-...--.---.--2---- 245 Orthotrichum fastigiatum .......---------- 270 holzingeri.....----.----+----+------+--- 270 lonchothecium.....--+.-+-++-2+-26- seeeee 270 MACOUNIL. . 00 oe ee eee eee ce eee eee eee 270 TET) 00S 270 SPeCCIOSUM. -..--- eee eee cee ee ee ee eee eee 270 SCENOCATPUM 1.22222 e eee eee eee ee eee eee 270 tenellum... 22. 0222.2 eee ee eee eee eens 270 OTy Za... . 2-2-2 eee eee eee eee eee we eee eee eee 4,41 Sativa....--.---2. 22. eee eee eee ee eee 41 OryZ0psis.....2-2+-- 262222 eee eee eee eee 5, 55 asperifolia ......-.------------+0------ 55, 529 cannadensis......-.-.-...202 22-222 e ee eee 55 COMUCH. - 022 e ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 54 cuspidata ........------+--+------------ 529 OXIQ“UA 2.22. eee ee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 55 fimbriata................ ..02-------5--- 56 juncea.. 2.222. - eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 529 melanocarpa .......------++-+-2-+------ 56 membranacea .....---.------------ 56, 188, 529 micrantha...--...----------+-+-+-- 56, 188, 529 webberi.........---------------------+- 55° Osmorrhiza aristata....------.--------+---- 502 berterii ...---.------------ 220 eee eee ee 307 brevistylis.......----- 2-22-22 eee e eee eee 307 longistylis.....- 222222220 eee ee wee ceeee 502 M@XICANA 2... ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 307 nuda. .......----------2----5 .---- 227, 307, 502 occidentalis. ......-..----.-.-+--0------ 227 Osmunda struthiopteris .......22+-22++--++- 536 VIPGINTANG. 22-2 nw ee eee ee cee 194, 268 Ostrya virginiana.......------+++-++------- 523 Ottoa cnanthoides.....-....-------.--..--- 308 . Oxalidacem...-.. 22. ee eee ee eee eee eee ee .--. 151 602 Page. Oxalis stricta ..........-...0.eeeeeeeeees- 151, 489 Oxyria digyna .......-....-..-------------- 249 Oxytropis lambertti .......66.. ace eeeeeee 155, 494 monticola ....------ eee e eee e eee eee eee 493 a) 494 wisetda .....---- 22 e eee eee eee eee eee 493 Pachystima myrsinites ........-.----.. wees 218 Palafoxia hookeriana ........----------+--- 547 LOXANA «2-2 e ee eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 547 Panax horridum ...----....02----2-000--- 229, 341 Panicularia americana ..............-....-. 532 aquatica .......-.---.-.------00- 0-2 e eee 192 fluitans ..... we eee cence cee eee eee eee 264 nervata ......... eee ee ewww eee eee 192, 264, 532 pauciflora ....-.......-.----- eee ee eee eee 264 remota ...-.-. PPT TTeTTT eT rrr errr rere ree 264 Panicum .........222.022eeeceeeeeeeeees 3, 22, 539 ANCOPS .-.-- +... ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 28, 35 angusta......--.--..-------2------- 35 Censiflorum .........ceeneeeneeee _ 35 pubescens.......-...-.0.e-e eee eee ee 35 SEVICLUM. 2-2 2-2 e eee eee ween ee oe 27 agrostoides ........c.e..ceee sence eee eee 3 amarum......-------....-+-------- weeeee 35 minor ......---.--.-..-- aeeeeeeeeeee 36 angustifolium............ eee e eee eeeeeee 29, 34 autumnale .......... cence ew cena nncces 33 pubiflornm...............-.--.222-- 34 AVENACEUM . - 222 e eens cece eee eeee ewes 35 barbinode............-..--------- 2-0 eee 28 bulbosum ............- ween ewaeeee aeeeee 35 minor ...... 2-20-22 2e eee eee ee eee ee 35 CHSPILOSUM. ..... cece eee eee eee eee eee 27 capillare ......-..-.---.2.--.-- 33, 186, 528, 553 agreste........--. eee eee eee eee eee 186 campestre............--222----eeeee 33 flexile ...... en $s MiNUS......---- 2. eee ee eee ee eee eee 260 Capillavioides 1.2.2 cece eeeee enc ccecnes 33 cenchroides ........++- cece cc eeneeee eee 39 chapmani ......-----.------e-- eee eee eee 26 CUIAKE 0 ee eee eee eee neous 25 ciliatissimum .............-.-....------ 29 clandestinum ..................-..----- 32 colonum ........--.-..---------00----- 37, 540 commutatum..............------------- 32 MIMO” ..----.-2 22. eee ee eee eee ee eee 32 consanguineum .....-.-.---------..0.-- 31 COTTUQAIUM 2. - 2 ee eee ee eee ee ewww eee eee 38 erus-galli ....-.-..-.------ 37, 186, 528, 540, 554 hirsutum ....- Dee eee eee eee eee eee 37 muticum ....-.....-.--...... ee eee 37 curtissii.... 2.2222... eee eee eee ee 25 depauperatum .....-....- erect ee eeeeee 29, 528 dichotomum ............... 30, 32, 186, 260, 528 barbulatum ...................----- 30 divaricatum...................000-- 30 elatum ....--.--.-------2-2 eee eens 30 villosum .....................2-20-- 30 viride ...2.2 2-22-2222 ee eee eee eee ee 30 divaricatum...................20002---- 36 iver Gens ...eeescaee ween a eee ee ewe eee 33 ONSIPOLIUM. 2. ea eee een eee ee eee eee eee eee 30 fasciculatum...... eeeeeeeceeee eeeeeee --- 27 filiforme...........-.-2.....22.--- aeeeee 25 fuscum...... 2.2.2... cee eee eee eee eee 27 fasciculatum ..... eee eceeeeeceeneee 28 Page. Panicum fuscum major....---........-.---.- 28 a 34 gibbum.....-...2...0....22..0.000-02-0- 37 glabrum.............2..22..-22..00.200. 24 mississippiensis.................... 25 BTOSSATIUM. .. 2.2.22. e eee eee eee eee 28 gvmnocarpon ..........-.-------------- 24 hallii.... 2.2.2. eee eee 33 havardii -..-.-......00000..002 002. ee eee 36 Nhians..2 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 28 hirtellum .....00. oe cece ee ee eee eee eens 37 UNOPALUM. 2... eee eee eee eee -- 20 joorii... 2.2.2... eee pee e ee eee eeeeee 31 JUMCLOTUM © 200. eee e cece cee eee ease 35 lachnanthum..............-.....-...2-- 25 latifolium ............ eee eee cece ee eee eee 33 australis ...........2.2--. 20. ceceee 33 molle.........-....... eee eee neeeee 33 laxiflorum...........00 002022 c cece eee -. 30 pubescens........ pete eee eee eens 30 laxum .....-2.. 02.200 e eee eee eee cece senee 28 leucophreum.....-- 22.0... 2 2.2 eee eee 25 leibergit ..- 2.2.2.0... 0. cence eee rr) | Maximum ..............020--00 00. acces 85 bulbosum ...-... 0. eee eee eee ease 35 microcarpon.....2...22-.22..--222..0 0. 32 miliaceum...............22.2-2--22..... 34 MOE . 0... cece eee eee eee ce eee cee eee 28 MULUMOTUMN ©2000 ce cece eee cence ccc eeee 32 CL 2 33 NEPVOSUIMN. occ nee cne ccc n nce c ncn enccance 32 neuranthum............................ 31 TAMOSUM ... 22.00.22. eee 31 Mitidum ...... 0... e eee eee eee ee ee eee 29 a 30 ensifolium.......................2-. 30 MAJOT . 22. eee eee eee 30 MiNOFr ... 2.2. eee eee ee 30 nudicaule ..--.......002020 22 eee ee eee 31 obtusum 2.22.2... 0... eee eee ee eee 26 paspaloides ........2...22-.22222200200- 25 PAUCIMOTUM 26.0 .e cece eee e cece nce eee 31 pedicellatum ..........02..2...222..0208 29 plantagineum .........22...222...22...- 27 platvphylum ......2..2220...00........ 27 proliferum ........... Lecce ee eee ee ee eee 34 geniculatum.........22.-22.2.2222.. 34 prostratum ...... 0.2.2.2 eee eee eee eee 27 pubescens....-..-.-----2----20-22 22200 260 ramulosum. ..---.2--22 2222-22 e ee eee 30 TOPONS....-...22-- 22-2 eee ee eee eee eee 28 confertum....-...2--2..22-.--...--- 28 reticulatum ....................-2.2200. 26 reverchoni ......------....--.---------. 26 TUPUM . 2 oe eee ee ee eee eee eee ee 20 sanguinale ......------.-...022-2. 2220 25 ciliare...... eee eee eee eee eee 25 simpsoni .....----. 2-2... . eee eee eee 25 scabriusculum ..............2222-2..2.. 33 scoparium.............. 31, 31, 186, 187, 260, 528 angustifolium ...............---..-- 31 leibergii....2.......2--- 22-22 - eee eee 31 MAJOr ......e eee eeee eee eee weeec ones 31 serotinum.....- eee teen ee cece en ceca 25 setOSuUmn...-..-----2---- ee wee ence eeeeeee 38 sparsiflorum.........-....2-..-..-..----- 34 603 . Page. Panicum sphrerocarpon .......++.2+-------- floridanum .............e cece ee eee 32 StONOMES... 2... cece eee ee ee eee eee ene 27 subspicatum ........-.-----+eeeeeeee eee 26 LeNUtCUlINUM . veeeeeceenccceceeereneeees 26 tOXANUM ...- 2. eee eee ee eee eee nee 26 urvilleanum..........-.---2----00----+- 36 VO@ITUCOSUM . 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 34 villosum .......--20--- ee eee cere reer eee 30 Virgatum......22.2.eeceeee ee eeee eee es 30, 528 confertum........--.--2-ee8e eee eee elongatum .......-----+-22-- eee ee 36 INACTOSPEVMUM. 22. cece ee ceeeee er eee 36 Ct 186, 528, 554 viscidum ....-..-...--2-- eee eee eee eee 32 walteri ........ 222-2 eee eee eee eee eee 37 wilcoxianum .........00.-.002+---0---- 31, 186 xanthophysum ....--.--------++eee eee: 29 Papaveraces®......-.--+2--+ eee eee eee 149, 483, 541 Papilionace® .....------+- 2-2: e- sere e ees 490 Para grass..........202 2202s cece ee cece eee ee Parietaria pennsylvanica....-..------ 180, 250, 522 Parnassia fimbriata .....-----.-...+------ 224, 340 parviflora ...........2 222 eee eee ee eee eee 498 Parosela aurea ....-..----- ee eee eee eee eee 491, 543 enneandra........05.-2002 22 cence eee 491, 543 lanata ..........0---- eee eee eee eee eee 543 Paronychia dichotoma@...-.--------+0++++-+- 542 jamesii-........----0---- esse eee eee eee 488, 542 Parthenocissus quinquefolia ....-....---- 152, 490 vitacea 2. eee eee eee ee eee ee eee 542 Paspalum ......-------eee eee e erect eee cece 3,15 alabaMense..---2----- eee eee eee eee 19 ANGUBLIFOLLWIMN 62.202 eee e ee eee eee eee eee 18 DOSCIANUM...-- 22 ee eee eee eee eee eee 19 buckleyanum .....--------++-+--2+++++-- 18 Cespitosum .......2+---2--2- eee ee eee eee 18 ciliatifolium. ......020--20- 22 eee ee eee: 17, 185 compressum. ....----.----++-- 2-22 reese 16 conjugatum .....------...---e+5 22+ - eee CUTTIBTANUM. 2 oe eee ee eee eee eee dasyphyllum 2... 2.202002 -0 eee eee eee 17 debile...2.. 22. ence eee ee eee eee eee 17 difforme. .....------------ +e eeeeee eee eee 19 digitaria ..---- anne e cee ees cece aseees 16 dilatatum ........----.--- ee eee eee ee eee decumbens .....------.--+-----++--+- 19 distichum ...........-2-.---------- ee eee 17 drummondii...-....-2-+ scence see eeeeeee 18 elatum ...-....---eeee ee ee eee eee eee eee 18 OG 16 floridanum ....----------+----+--+--eeeeee 19 glabratum .....------+--+-e+eee eee: 20 fluitanS ........-...0 2 eee eee ee ee eee eee 16 furcatum........---..- 26 eee eee ee eee eee 16 villosum ....--.------- eee eee ee ee eee 16 giganteum ...-...----------+-2eee-e-ee- 20 hallii......----- eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 19 JOOVE 2. ccc ee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 18 angustifolium.-..--..--------------- 18 brevifolium .........-..------------ 18 lentiferwin.... 22-2 ee eee eee eee eee eee 18 lentiginosum ...----- 2.002 eee eee ee ee eee 18 Jividum 2... eee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 18 MICRAUXIANUM «oe c eee ee eee cence eee 16 monostachyuM....-.-------.eeeeeeeeeee- 17 39 32 | 24 | Page. Paspalum notatum........2..0e. eee e eee e ee 17 OVAMUWIN oe cee ee eee eee ene eee 17 platyeaule 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 16 plicatulum .....--..---- + eee eee ee eee ee 19 PT@COX.. oe eee eee eee eee eee 18 Curtisianum....-. 2.2... e eee eee eee 19 pubitlorum ........22. 0-2-2222 eee eee eee 19 mlaucum.....-.....22--- eee ee eee eee 19 PUPPUTASCENS 2.20.22. cee eee ee ee eee 19 racemulosum......-..--.---.2----+--+5- 19 TeCtUM 2.2... 2222 eee e eee eee eee eee 17 TevmMArtOldeS.. 22.2 eee eee eee eee eee 17 TOMOLWMN 2.0 cc cee eee eee eee 19 setaceum.....-....--.---------------e-e 17 ciliatifolium...............--...--- 17, 185 vaginatum ...-.....------ eee eee eee eee 17 virgatum pubiflorum.........-.-....--- 20 UNAULATUM £222 ee eee eee eee eee eee 19 UNGULOSUM - oe eee ee eee 18 walterianum ......-..---------0222---- 16 Pastinaca sativa .-........--....00e eee ee eee 502 Pedaliace®........--..----- eee ee eee eee eee 550 Pedicularis bracteosa ............2-.00.0005 245 contorta.........-.-- 2. eee eee eee ee eee 245, 572 palustris wlassowiana ....-............ 345 PAITYL. .- 20.2. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 572 TACOEMOBA..-... 20 eee eee eee eee eens 245 scopulorum ......... 22.222 eee eee eee 572 sudetica...... 2... cece cece cee ewer eeeeee 345 WIASBOWIANE 2... c cece cence ee cw weeeces 345 - Pelliwa atropurpurea ......--------0--2-2--- 535 brewerl ...... 2.2 - ee eee cece eee eee eee 535 MONBA 0.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 267 Penicillarid ...... 2222s eee e eee e eee cece eens 40 Pennisetum .........-...2----2--- eee eee eee 3,39 SOLOSUI - ~~. cee e ee ee eee een e newer ene: 39 typhoideum. ........--..-2..00+e22ee ee: 40 Pentstemon albidus......-------+---- 173, 517, 549 angustifolius...-.....--.--eeeeee-eeee 173, 517 C}PULCUS 0.2 ee eee eee eee 178, 517 confertus.... 2-2... 22 cece eee ee eee ee eeee 243 PTOCeTUS .-...- 22-2 - eee eee eee eee eee 243 deustus ....... 2.2.0.2 e ee eee ee eee ee 243 ellipticus.....-..--....00 eee ee eee eee eee 243 erianthera ..... Lecce cee eee ee eee 517 glaber........--.----- we wee een eee eaee 517 vlandulosus ........-.-2---eee2--e eee eee 243 gracilis. . 2.22.2... 20 -eee eee eee e ee reer eee 517 grandiflorus.......----------++--++----- 517 haydeni ...-...---60- eee beee ee eee eee eee 172 jamesii.......... 2-2 eee ee eee eee eee eee 517 lyallii .-.-. 2... ----+---- eee eee eee eee 244 menziesii.........-... eee ee cece eee eee eee 244 TC 244 Newberryi.......- 2. ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 243 PVOCEPUBS. oo een e cee ete n ener ee neeeeeees 243 rattani minor .-.......0.....e ee eee eee 244 triphyllus....-- 2.2... eee eee eee ee eee 244 VOTUStUS. 2.22. eee ee ee eee eee ee eee 244 Peramitum menziesii .-...-..-.-----.------- 252 T@PCNS 222... 0ee eee eee eee eee e eee eee eee 524 Peronospora gilliw......-...-.--------- eee 276 parasitica ...-.-.--.--.----++.---- eee 276 Petalostemon candidus ......--++-+----++--6- 155 occidentalis 2.2... cece ceweee ee eeeeee 155 GTACUIS. oo. cee ence nee cece e een renee 155 604 Page. Physalis lobata ............. era C1) longifolia ........... 0... cece eee eee 516, 549 MAPIUMING 2.2.22 eee e ee o ewemeneneeneenes 172 mollis cinerascens .......2-.--.---- vee 1j2 pennsylvanica ........ eewsecs sa eeeaeeee 172 lanceolata... 2.20.0. .eee eee ee eee wee 172 PUM oe cece eee cece eee eens eeeee 172 virginiana .-........2.....6-. 171, 172, 516, 549 VISCOS 2. e ec ween ewww eww c eee en ances 516 Physostegia parviflora................0202. 216 Picea canadensis ...........0220 eee eee eee eee 534 sitchensis..........22...-8 were ceeenee 328, 349 Pigeon grass ....... Beene cc ee eee eee eeneee 38 Pilocereus engelmanni.......... cece ee ences 407 Pimpinella ..2.....2-. 0.2.02 .ce cece cee e eee 302 PIMACOR. eee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee 349 Pine 2.2... lee ee eee eee eens teeeeeee 145, 291, 292 black jack ..... eee ee ewes eee eee ee eee eee 146 northern scrub. .........22 22-202 0-ee eee 146 Rocky Mountain yellow..... 145, 147, 471, 473 Scotch ...... 0.0... cece eee eee ee eee neces 146 Pinus contorta..........22.. 22.222. c eee 250, 266 mertensiand........- cette eee e eee eee 349, 266 ponderosa... 2.22... cece eee eee eee e eee 250, 266 scopulorum ............ tte eeeeeeee O34 Sitchensi8.. 02.2... 2 ee cee eee eee eee 349 taxi fold ©. 2. see ee eee ee eee eee seascss 266 Pisum maritimum .... 2.00.2. 2 0 eee e eee nese 338 Pitahaya.... 2.2... eee eee eee 402, 404, 408 AQTE......06.. se eeeee scene eee eee veeeee 411 dulce......-2..... seeeee tet ee eeeeeeeee 411 Pitahayita ...... 0... eee eee. tee e ee ee eee 402 Plagiobothrys tenellus ............--2-.-.-. 242 Plagiochila asplenioides...........---.... 272, 351 Plagiothecium denticulatum microcarpum. 274 sandbergii ...--- 6.0... cece eee eee eee eee a4 silesiacum ......-.--... wate eee eee eeeee 274 Plantaginace® .............2...2..204 174, 247, 519 | Plantago gnaphalioides........--.2.5 censens 247 lanceolata............. eee eee ee eee eee 247 MAjOY . 2.222 eee eee eee eee seen anesnes 519 patagonica gnaphalioides .............. 247 purshii.......... 2... .......22.00. 174, 247, 519 | Platanthera elegans ......2..0 2-2. 0.002 eee. 252 gracili8.......--+2+-.5 wee eee eee we eee 252 Platyspermum scapigerum ................ 213 Plectritis congestd .....cscee ceeeeeeeeseeeess 230 Plewuraphis rigida.......cceeee ca eeceeaes wee 14 Plum ....-.---2--..0. 2 eee eee owes eeeeeeee 471 Pneumaria maritima................. eeeeee 345 Poa .. 00. eee ee ee eee eee eee seeeeeee 191 alpina ...............008.. eeneerenss -- 191, 348 annua ............ eee 531 rigidiuscula.............. we ee eens 262 aquaticd.........---6200- settee eee eens 192 AMEVICANA. . 6.05002 e ee eens se eeee eens 532 ATICA ... 266. eee cee ee eee ences 191 CHPOMNIANA... 2... eee eee eee eee 191 COMPT@S8A....2. 2... eee wees cece te ceaces 262 fendleriana..... seeeeceeee wee eeeeeeeee 191, 531 filifolia... 2... eee eee ee 262 Hava... 2.2. ee ecw eee eee eee 263 g@lumaris ...-.. 6... e cece eee eee eee 348 TNLEV UPL. 022 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 555 DRAPUUNA. oe ee eee eee eee we. «B48 Page. Petalostemon multifqorus ........2 cece eee 155, 543 | ViLlOSUs 2.22 eee ee cece eee eee 153, 543 Petasites sagittata.......2..........2..- 235, 509 Peucedanum ambiguum.............--.---- 227 bicolor .......-------------- see eee eee 227 CANDYI «0.2... ee eee eee eee eee eee 228 circumdatum. ..........2...00..00- ee eee 228 Peyerl.. 6... eee eee eee eee eee eee 228 Qrayi.--..--.. 2.2. eee eee eee eee eee 228 MACPOCATPUM . 2.6.02. eee eee eee ee eee eee 228 | MEXICANUIM «oe eee ence cee eee eee eee eeee 308 | MAUCPOUWIMN oo eee e ewww ewe e ene eeeee 228 salmoniflorum.......2..-..----2.222+--- 228 triternatum macrocarpum......eeeeeees 228 robustum -.........2..-.2..02 2-2 eee 228 villosum .........----... we cece eee eecees 502 Phaca bisulcata...........6... 222. e eee eee 493 MOXUOSH 6.02.2 eee eee eee eens 493 Prigida MMeTiCAN. ...ceeeeecseeee cence 493 glabriuscula........-.- cane eee cece eeeee 492 pectinata...... 0.2... cece ee eee eee eee eee 545 Phacelia circinatd.............2.-05 222-006. 242 stricta ...........-.2e eee ee eee eee 242 linearis .........22202 00.00.00. eee eee eee 242 — magellanica .............0...ee eee ee eee 242 Phalaris -.....-......--....--24- eee seeeeee 4,42 AMELICANA. ... 6.2... eee eee cece eee eee ee 42 amethystina.................. seteee cess 42 aANgusta ....-.----.- ee ee eee eee e ee eee 42 arundinacea..................- 42, 187, 260, 529 | canariensis......-.........22..22222005- 43 CVUCPOTINAB . oo c eee ween eee 186, 528 intermedia .............-2...2-2222..--- 42 ANGUSED 22. e eee eee eee eee eee 42 microstachya ..........--..-2.22... 42 Jemmoni ...............-.2 0. eee eee eee 42 MIUCVOSTAChYA . 202s cece cee cece eee eee nee 42 OTYZOUES ©. eee eee eee ence eee 136 Phaseolus pauciflorus.....................- 156 Phegopteris alpestris .............------... 268 dryopteris .........-......--2.2-- 330, 349, 535 robertiana. ......----.-....-.4- ---- 268 Phellopterus littoralis ............2...... 338, 341 Philadelphus lewisii -........ eee eee eeeees 224 Philonotis fontana ....................----- 271 Phippsia........---. 22-200 see ee eee eee eee 5, 89 algida........ wane eee ewes ence eee eens 89 Phleum ...-.. eee cece e eee eee eee cece eee eee 5, 86 alpinum.......-...--...2-....2...0..00- 86, 348 pratense ........-+-+++.55- eens ee eeeee 86,529 | Phlox andicola.........0...2..000-6- eeeeeee 514 douglasii................ ae ete eeeeeeneee 514 andicola...... ween teen eee e eee eeee --- 514 gracilis ...............+.. eteeereceseee. 240 kelseyi.........---...-22-222-222 20222 514 longifolia ...... 2.2... .22. 020. e eee eee eee 240 BPOCIOSA. . 2... cece cece eee eee eee ee eee eee 241 Phragmidium disciflorum.................- 276 | Subcortictum.... 2... eee eee wesc eee 276 Phragmites phragmites. ...........2..22... 190 Phryma leptostachya................2...24. 173 Physalis elliottii.......0..0...00......00000- 172 heterophylla .....-.........2.222..2-. 171, 516 UMbDOSA . 0.6.26... eee eee eee eee 172 lanceolata................. ee 172, 172, 243, 516 Dirta ..ceeeecceeeeeneeeceeees eeeesee 172 MNOMOTALIS . 2.6... ee eee ee eee eee eeeeees 268, 532 605 Page. Poly podium spinwloswm.........0...2---- 194, 349 vulgare ......2 0.22222 eee eee eee 330, 349, 535 rotundatum ......-.2.2-.....2--2.-. 535 Polypogon .........2-22 0222202220002 eee eee 5, 07 clongatus .........20. 2.202202 eee ee 58 littoralis .....222.2..0.2..020.2220202-22-. 57 Maritimus.. 2.0L... eee eee eee eee eee 58 monspcliensis.......-........2.22--.-. 57, 260 Polypteris hookeriana.................2.... 547 Polytrichum attenuatum................. 272, 350 juniperinum ................2..2..--. 272. 350 UrMigerumM ..... 222.2222. 2 2 eee eee eee 309 Populus acuminata......2.....2...2.22.---. 523 angustifolia ......2.2222...22...22-.200.. 523 deltoides 2.2.2... 20.2...2..222.-20002- 180, 523 monilifera............2..2..200020- 180, 523, 573 tremuloides ......2... 220.2222. 22 eee 523 trichocarpa........02...02.. 22 eee ee eee 251 Porcupine grass.......------...2-2222--.2-. 53 Portulacaces® .............--- 151, 217, 337, 488, 542 Portulaca oleracea .............----..- 151, 217, 542 | Potamogeton amplifolius............ eeeeeee 183 foliosus .....2..-2.2-2 2-22 ee ee eee eee 526 heterophyllus longipedunculatus .... 2. 256 interruptus .....-....0..2--2.2--.-000 183 lonchites .......--..22.2 02. ee ee ee cece 183 longipedunculatus ....--.e0e00--0e see: 256 natams ...--.. 2. sees eee eee eee ee eens 182, 256 oakesianus ...........222-22--2-2222.-4- 183 pectinatus ..........2..2..22---4- 183, 256, 526 SCOPATIUM 2222202020665 deeeeeeeeees 183 perfoliatus ..........222-202. 222 cece eee 183 richardsonii.....-................ 183, 256 pulcher .... 2... eee cence eee eee eee eee ee 256 pusillus ...-.........0..000.. 22222 -200e 183 Potato. ... 2.0.02. 144 Potentilla anserina....... ote e cess eens eens 222, 338 arguta ......... oes ee eee eee cece eee 157, 496 concinna ...-.....-...2.....--- wees eee 497 humifusd... 2.2 eee e eee ee eee eee 497 humistrata ............-2..-2..0.2--.- 497 dissecta .........--..---22 222 eee eee eee. 570 fruticosa ............222...022.2.0..20-2.. 497 glandulosa ........-..---2-++------ 222, 496, 570 gracilis.............. 0.202. --22.02000. 223, 497 fastigiata......-..- 2.2... c eee eee 497 hippiana ........... 0... 20..20---- 22 ee 496 diffusa ..........22-. 220.0220. 2 2 ae -. 497 humifusa........--- occ merece eccescnaes 497 millegrana ...........2...2222-2----22-- 223 monspeliensis.........--.-....---+2.. 157, 496 nivea dissecta.....-....-....02..2-0.000- 497 palustris ................ sew eeee cece 223, 339 pennsylvanica strigosa............... 157, 496 pentandra.............-.-..-. eee eee eee 157 procumbens ...........-2.-2--------2--- 339 rivalis millegrand .......------2+002--0. 223 villosa ....... 222.2 222..222 0222s 338, 339 PotevtTUM ANNUUM . oc eee cere cece eee e ence ees 223 SItCHENSC . 22 eee ee eee eee ee eee wee-. 339 Pottia cavifolia..............0.. eee eee eeeee 268 CUPDITOSEITS. .. 00s cece ee eee e eee eee eee 269 Prenanthes alata.......-.2-2--22..-----200- 342 sagittata -.............0. see eeee eee 237 JUNCEM. eee eee eee cee eeeee 167, 238, 548 TACOMOBA .. 2... eee eee eee eee eee eeeeee 511 Page, Poa nervata .... 222 c ce cece ee eee ee 192, 264, 532 nevadensis .......------2..-22-------- 263, 531 oxylepts . 0.22.22 eee eee eee eee 555 POCtiNACed 2.2... cece eee eee eee ee eee ee 191 pratensis.-...........-2...2..---- 191, 263, 552 VOMOlA ....--. 2.22 eee eee eee eee eee 264 pseudopratensis.............2-2-2.2---- 531 sandbergii-.........2-.......0...----.--- 263 SOPOUUNG wee eee eee ee eee ee cee ee eee eee 263 tenuifolia ..........0........-...- 263, 264, 531 a 191 Poacew... 22.2... ee eee eee 348, 553 Podoswmuin capillare ....2-2..222.002-2+--- 65 VEFGINICWIN oe eee eee eee eee eee ee 59 Podosciadium bolanderi ...........-0-+20--- 302 CUUPOrNICH. 2... 2 cee ee eee eee ee 302 Pogonatum urnigerum.....2.2.202.2220555-- 350 Polanisia trachysperma .....-...-.--. 214,486,542 — Polemoniacew ...............---.. 170, 240, 514, 548 Polemonium humile................---..--- 241 pulchellum........2...2--2..2--+--- 241 micranthum...............0.. 022-0020 241 occidentale ...............2..0202000---- 241 pulchellum... 2.2.22. eee ence eee 241 Polygala alba .............0.22.-.222.--002-- 487 senega latifolia............0022..222.-.- 487 verticillata ....-...22..0...000.2.0---. 151, 487 Polygalacew............2..0.2.220000- 151, 487, 542 Poly gonacew....-....2.2..... 177, 248, 345, 520, 551 Polygonum acre leptostachyum.........-... 177 | alpinum.....---2.0....2-- cece eee nese 248 | biflorum.............0.. 0.022022 ee eee 180 | commmutatum..................--- 181, 525 amphibium......................----- 178, 248 CMETSUM . 222-222 - eee eee eee eee 178, 521 aviculare..............--.22-.0-5- 177, 248, 521 bistortoides ..................2...---. 248,572 | CAMPOTUM. .. 2.222222 eee eee eee eee eee 177 | convolvulus.............----- 178, 249, 521, 551 douglasii............... Lessee eeeeeeee 249, 521 | emersum .....----- 222.22 ee eee eee eee 178, 521 FAGOPYTUM 02.20. .c eee ee eee ee ee eee 178 hartwrightii .......2-222.222222..2---. 178, 249 imbricatum..........--...-2...2--ee00-- 249 lapathifolium .................... 177, 249, 521 litorale . 22... 22... eee eee eee eee 177, 521 minimum..........--.--2-----eeeee ee eee 249 pennsylvanicum .........-..--.....-. 178, 249 persicarioides ......................-- 177,178 polyMorphum 2.2... 00202 cen e ene ee eee ee 248 punctatum leptostachyum ..........-.. 177 ramosissimum .................- - 171,177, 521 sagittatum .........2.. 0.20. ee eee eens 178 sawatchense ..............2. 200020222 521 SCANdeus .........2-. 22222 178 Viviparum..............-..2--202.2-6- 345, 521 Polyotus angustifolius ..............-- 169, 513, 548 Polypodiace® .............22-..0..22ce eee 349, 535 Polypodium cristatum........-2-.-------- 194, 268 dilatatum ....2. 2-222 2 e eee cece e eee eee 268 dryopteris .....-..-...-- ea eens eeenes 349, 535 FUL POMING «02 eee cence cee eee eee c eee ee 535 filia-Md8... 200000222 eee e cee eee ee. see. 268, 535 fragile... 02. e eee e cece eee ees 194, 350, 536 lonchitis........... wee e eee e ence cece 268, 350 PODEVUANUM . eee eee c ec ecec ee cennecenenes 268 606 Page. | Page, Prenanthes tenuifolia ...... eeeeee ee eeeeceee 238 | Pyrola secunda .........-..- sete eeee 239, 343, 512 Primula parryi ..........---------+----++--+- 571 umbellata .. 2.0.20. 02 ee eee eee eee ee eeeeee 239 Primulace® ............-.0-0---2- 2-00 ee 168, 239 UNIMOTO . 22 ee ee eee ee eee eens 239, 343 Prinosciadium linearifolium.......--------- 308 «=Pyrolacem ........--.. 200-2. e eee eee eee eee 512 megacarpuM ....-.--------- 2-2. ee eee 308 = Pyrrocoma curthamoides...---...---------- 231 watsoni ....-2.----- 00 -eee ee eee eee eee 308,308 Pyrus occidentalis .....-.-------. 2+. 2 ne eee 339 Prosartes lanuginosa Major....-.. 2... e ee 254 sambucifolid . 22... cee eee eee eee eee ee ee 223 trachYyCArPA 2.00.5 -0 cece eee e eee eee eee 954,525 Quercus macrocarpa...-.......-----++-+-+++ 523 Prunella vulgaris .........----.------ 174, 246,519 | Radula krausei....-...-.. 2.0. + eee seer eee 351 Prunus americana......------.----------- 156,494 | Ramunculacew ........--..--. 148, 209, 335, 479, 541 besseyl.... +... 2.02222 e eee ee eee ee eee ee 156,494 Ranunculus............---. 22 eee eee eee 149 cuneata .... 2.62. e eee eee eee eee eee 156 abortivus ...--- 6.0. ee eee ee eee e eee e ee 480 demissa........-...2.0-2e ee eee e ee 156, 221, 495 affinis .....0--22-.-2-- 2-2-2 -eeeeeeeeeee 209 emarginata mollis ...-.........+--+--+-- 221 alismiefolius .......-.....--.--------+-- 209 pennsylvaniea........-...2---2--------- 494 MAquatilis ...- 22.0 eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 210 pumila ...2.. 0.02.02 ee eee eee ee ee eee 156 tricophyllus occ. eecceeeceee ee eeeeee 210 subcordata......--2---.-.2--022-2 eee ee eee 221 CANAMENSIS ... 22-2 ee eee eee eee eee 149 virginiana........0-2---2-0-2--2 0 ee eee ee 495 cardiophyllus ............-0.24.-2---08: 480 Psamma arundinaced..........----.--..--- 85 CUrCINAlUS . 2-0. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 148 Pseudoleskea atrovirens ........-...--.---- 273 COOLEY 2... ee eee cee eee eee eee 335 brachyclados............-..-+----+- 273 cymbalaria..............----- 148, 210, 480, 541 oligoclada 2.2.2.2... cee eee ences eee ee 273 divaricdtus...- 2.2.2... eee eee eee e eee 148, 480 rigescems ........2..22-.2-2--2022 22-2. 773 | eschscholtzii.......--...-.--..--022005. 569 Pseudotsuga douglasti ....-.------.----- -. 266 flammula intermedius. .....2.---.22+06- 210 mucronata ......-....- ee eee ee eee 250, 266 TOPLONS. 222. cece eee eect eee eee 335 RO) 266 | glaberrimus ......-....-.----2+-------- 209 Psilochenia occidentalis............2--.+-- 237, 560 hystriculus ...202.. 202. e eee eee eee eee 335 Psoralea argophylla ..........--------.--. 153, 491 lacustris terrestris. .........0..2..eeeee 210 campestri8.... 2.222.202 ee eee e eee eee eee 153 macounii......-..-------------6- aeeeeee 480 cuspidata ..........-----.2-.-2-2-26----- 491 multifidus repens.......-...0.ece eee eee 149 digitata ....... 22.2 c eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 153. | nelsonii .....---.------ 2220-2 eee eee eee 210, 835 esculenta.......2----. 22-22-2202 eee eee eee 491 | glabriusculus ...........-.-----.0-- 210 lanceolata ....-.......-+------ 153, 171, 220, 569 tenellus... 2.0.20 cence ee cece ence eee 210 micrantha ..-- 22-2 eee ee ee ee ee eee eee 153 nuttallii.. 2.2.2... e ee eee ee eee 149 tenuiflora .....-----....----------+--- 491, 543 | T@PeNS 2.22222 eee ee eee eee eee 149 Pteris aquilina.........-.-----------.00---- 535 occidentalis...... 022-222 eee ee eee ee eee 210 lanuginosa ........--.2----.---200-- 267 PATVIPlOTUS ©. 2c cece eee e eee eee e eee 210 CUP OPUNPUTCH. 2222 eee eee cece eee eee eee 535 OVALIS .. 2. eee eee ee eee ee eee eee ee ee eee 480 Pterospora andromedena .......-....------ 239, 512 pennsylvanicus..-....-..-.---++-- 149, 210, 480 Ptilepida acanlis ...........--.-------+--- 509, 547 plantaginifolius...2.....2..22...-2-..4. 148 grandiflora. .......--------------------- 570 POCUIVALUS . ..- 2 eee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee 210 SCAPOSO ....--- ee eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 547 nelsonti ....se.ee2- eee eee eee eee 210, 335 Ptilidium californicum...........--..--.--. 275 TeptanS ............ee cece eee e eee eee 210, 335 Ptiloria tenuifolia.............--..-----.22. 238 intermedius......-....---2+-------- 210 Pucecinellia maritima......------. eee eee eeee 348 rUthenicus. . 2.2. 202.02 eee een eee eee eens 148 Puccinia asperior ........-.--. 222.20. eee eee 276 salsuginosus ....... Lecce ce eee eee eee ee 148 jonesil .........222..---.22-2-2 2-2-2002. 276 sceleratus........2-. 25. - 22-2 eee ee eee 149, 480 marivwilsoni .........-.--22-2-2.--2--- 276 septentrionalis.......--..---.-++-+----- 210 oreoselini .........--2.- 22-22-2222 eee 276 tenellus .............2---2-.02000 22 ee eee 210 Pulnonaria lanceolata .........22-02------- 516 tricophyllus......2+.-- eee ence eee eee eee 210 MAVIAME 02... eee eee eee eee tence 345 Rapbanus sativus......... cece eee eee eee eee 150 oblongifolid 2.222... eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 242 Razoumofskya...--...-----2--2-22--2-2 2-5. 250 paniculata ..----- 2. eee eee eee eee 242.516 AMEVICANA. ....---2e2e ee eee eee eee ee ee eee 250 Et 515 douglasii.....-......---2..2.--.----02-- 250 Pulsatilla hirsutissima...........2..2-.-. 479, 568 occidentalis ....-....----..--..2---25--- 250 nuttaliand. ..----22222e eee eee ee eee eee 568 Redfieldia tlexuosa.............-..--.------ 192 Pyrola aphylla .......-.-....--2-.-----065-- 239 ~Reimaria.........--...-.-.---------- weeeeeee 3,15 ke 239, 512 ACUTA 0.0. ee eee eee eee eee 15 chlorantha ........2....-.-.- 2. eee eee 289, 512 oligostachya ......0.....20 220s eee ee eee 15 elliptica......... 2... e eee eee eee eee 239,512 Rhaeomitrium heterastichum occidentale.... 270 Ta 239 lanuginosum.........0.-2+--+20ee eee eee 270 MANOT 0... ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 343 MICVOPUS . 0... eee ee eee eee 270 Pieta si... eee cee ee eee eee ce ee ee eee 239 occidentale. . 22.2... 2. .e eee ee eee eee eee 270 rotundifolia 2.2... 00.22.2022 eee eee eee 512 PALES 22.2.2... ee eee eee ee ween eeneeeae 270 bracteata ........2.-2--0- 22 eee eee 239,512 | sudetioum .........- eet e ee ce eee eceeee 270 incarnata.............--..-..------ 239 | Rhammacew.. 22... ccc eee eee eee eens 152, 218, 489 Page. Rhamnus alnifolia. ..........0.0ceeeeesteee- 218 californica ....--.-------- eee cece eens 218 CTOCEA. . 2... eee e eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 314 purshiana....... eee cece ee eee eee cree 218 Rhinanthus crista-galli ..........----.--- . B45 Rhodiola rosea .....---0. eee eee e ee eee eee eee 225 Rhodosciadium.......----.---.-.-+-2---++-- 298 dissectum .........-------------------5- 509 glaucum.....--...---------eeee serene eee 309 limeare ........---62----- eee eee eee 309 Rhus glabra ......-.-.-.-----------+-+ +++ 153, 219 radicans .......------+--eeeeee ee 152, 219, 543 toxicodendron.....-....---------- 152, 490 tomicodendron ......00ce eee e cree eeeee 219, 490 trilobata... ....-...-----.--- 152, 219, 490, 542 Rhynchosia pringlei ........-----------+--- 316 Ribes americanum ........-------------+-- 340, 340 AULTCUM ..0.. ee ee eee eee ee eee eee 158, 224, 499 cereum......--. +--+ eee eee eee eeeeeee 225, 499 floridum .....-...--.------0--e2--ee-- 158, 340 gracile .......-..-. 22s eee eee e eee eee 158, 225 lacustre..........-2.0 eee eee ee eee 225, 499, 570 laxiflornum........-------+----+-- eee ee 340 TNVEUM. 222. nee eee ee ener eee 225 oxyacanthoides. ......--..-----++----- 225, 498 lacustré 2... ...22-2-- 222 eee eee eee 499, 570 SAXOSUM.... 22-2. eee eee ee eee eee 570 SAXOSUM £2 oe wwe wee ee ee ee eee eee 570 Se@tOSUM.....-..-.2- 2-22 ee eee eee eee ee 498 viscosissimuM ......-.---2.-0-0000 6 225, 570 Ribesiace®.........-2- 2 .e eee eee ee ee eeeeee 158 Rice, cultivated...............--- 60 eee eee 41 Rice, Indian. ......-.--2-..2.- 22-2 - ee eee eee 41 Rice, wild. ...-. 2-22-22. cece eee eee ee eee eee 40 Rigiopappus leptocladus...-.-.-----..-+--- 234 Romanzoftia sitchensis.......-------------- 344 Roripa curvisiliqua...-...-----.--+-------- 212 nasturtium..............------- eee eee 212, 485 Obtusa...- 2. 2 eee eee ee eee eee eens 149 palustris ...........-2-.-- ee eee eee eee: 212, 485 hispida....-...---------------- eee: 149 Rosa 2... eee eee eee ee cee eee ee eee eens 223 arkansana........-.--sseee eee ee eee 157, 497 blanda........-.---- 2-2 ee eee eee eee eee: 223 californica .......----..---------------- 223 engelmanni .......---------------++----- 497 fend ori .....-2- 2. eee ee ee ee eee ee eee 157, 222 gymnocarpa..--.-..------ wee eee seeeeee 223 nutkana..------2.- 22 eee eee eee eee eee 570) pisocarpa .....-.------+---------- 5+ ee: 223 woodSii ......-.-..-2.etb eee eee eee ee eee 497 Rosacee® ..-..-2-.22-: cece eee elec ee ee 155, 221, 338 Rose . 22. eee ee eens cece ee cece ee cece ene ees 471 Rose, prairie ...----2 22-2 ee eee cece eee e eee 471 Roseanthus .....--..2---- 222s eee e eee eee 577 albiflorus .....-......0.ce0.eee cece eee ee 577 Rottbeelia.....-.--. 2-22-2222 2-22 - eee ee eee 2,7 CUIATA. 22 eee ee eee eee eee 7 Corrugata ...........2 2 eee eee eee eee eee 7 areolata .....-..--...----2---------- 7 cylindrica ...... 2.200222 2. eee ee eee eee 7 Mimidiata ...2..-- 22 cece eee eee ee eee 40 fasciculata ...........-.ceceeeee eee e eee 7 TUQOSA .- 2 eee eee eee ete eee eee eee eee 7 Rubiacere .... 22.22... eee cence eee e ees 160, 229, 504 Rubus americanus ....2..----0e. eee eee eee 496 | Rubus arcticus .......-.0...eceeeee ee eens 222 nutkanus .......--..22.. 000000 - eee eee ee 222 occidentalis .............. 0c eee ee eeeeee 157 parviflorus ....-.--.------- sees ee eee eee 496 pedatus .......... ween een eee eeeeee 222, 331, 338 saxatilis americanus .........--2-2000+- 496 spectabilis .-.....--..---..-2.----6-. - 329, 338 stellatus ...... 0.0.2.2. cece eee oe 338 strigosus........2......2.022-2--- 222, 496, 569 UISINUS ..-. 2 eee ee eee ee eee ee ee eee. 222 Rudbeckia columnaris ............-.- 165, 508, 546 hirta. 22... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 165, 508 laciniata ........... 202-0202 -2-2 eee eee 233 occidentalis ........-:-.---------------- 234 PALA . 2. eee cece eee 508 tagetes. 2.2... 2 eee eee eee ee ee eee eee 546 Rumex acetosella ......... 00.20. eee eee eee 249, 521 britannica. ....-....220- eee eee eee ee eee 177 CTISPUS.....-- 2+. cece ee eee eee eee eee ee 521 a 249 engelmanni geyert ...-..--2-20.-04--20005 572 LOVETL. .- ee eee ee eee ee eee ees 572 MAPItIMUS . 22... eee eee eee ee eee e ee se eee 249 occidentalis ...c... cee eee w eee eens 249,521 paucifolius . 2.22. ee eee eee eee ween ee 572 salicifolius ......0.. 0.0... cee e ee eee 249, 521 VeNOSUS ..--... eee eee ee eee eee 171, 177, 249, 421 Sagittaria arifolia.........-...eee-e eens 182, 526 latifolia .... 2.2... lee eee ee eee ee eee 182, 256 ANGUBTIFOILE «occ eee e renee eee eeeee 182 SaQuaro. .. 2.22.2. eee eee eee ee eee eee £08 Salicacem .........--.--.22--- 180, 251, 346, 523, 553 Salix arctica 2.2.0... cece eee eee eee ees 332, 346 barciayi. ... 6. eee eee ee ese ee B28, 346 barrattiana tweedyi..........-..-....-- 572 pbebbiana.. 2.2... 2... e eee ewww eee eeees 523 brownei petra .....-.....----+-------- 573 chlorophylla ...........-.-------------- 57 Cordata ...---.2- ee cece cece eee eee 180, 251, 523 ANGUSTATA. 2... cee eee ewww wee enes 171, 180 vestita -....... 02. cece eee eee eee ee eee 180 CT 0: 573 discolor ........2...----0-22--- 22-200 --- 523 flavescens scouleriana...........------- 251 fluviatilis ......-...2..........--. 180, 523, 553 glauca ........22 ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 573 villosa ......222-------------------- 573 lancifolid 2.2.62 cece ee ewww ee eens 251 lasiandra..........----2.--.------- eee 251 lancifolia...---..-...-...-------2--- 251 lasiolepis........2+-+---- weeeeeeeceeeees 251 longifolia .............-...--. 186, 251, 523, 553 myrtillifolia curtiflora ......--.......-- 573 occidentaligs........------ eee ee eee eee eee 523 PCV . 22. eee ee eee ee cece eee eee eee 573 rostrata... ...-----.----eee eee eee eee eee 251, 523 scouleriand....-.-------------+-----02--- 251 vagans occidentalis........-------2-00++ 523 Salmon berry ...-..---------ee. see e ee eee 329 Salsola depress@ ......----.-----eeee eee eee 248 kali tragus........-----. 0.022. e eee eee 176 platyphylla.... 2. cee eee eee eee eee 176 EV AGUS 22 cee cence eee eee ee eee e tenes 176 | Salviniacem ............. eee cect cece ee ees 193 | Salvia carnosa .......--..--.-----...---24-- 246 lanceolata.....2...- 2. eee ee eee eee eee: 519. 550 Page Sambucus glauca ..............---.-0--.---- 229 melanocarpa ...-.-.2...2.2..-.2.0020-- 229 TACOMOSA. . 2... eee ee ee eee eee ee eee 341, 503 Sanguisorba annua ...............22.-2..24- 223 canadensis latifolia ...........0.. 00005 339 latifolia ..........20.0...2002..220000000- 339 Sitchensts.. 2... eee cee cc eens wee 339 Sanicula canadensis....................-. 160, 502 marilandica. ...........02 eee eee ee eee 227 Santalacem ............022.......005- 178, 250, 522 Saponaria vaccaria....... 0... .2...02200024. 487 Sarcobatus vermiculatus.............2..24. 177 Satyrium repens .... 2.02.22 e eee eee eee wees 524 Saussurea americana...............0--2-0-- 236 Savastana odorata................ 330, 348, 529, 574 Saxifraga bronchialis .................24. 224,359 COTNUA . 2... k ee eee eee ee eee eee 498 heterantha................... eee eeeeee 224 integrifolia ......... 2... eee eee ee. 224, 570 leucanthemifolia ............000.e0- 224, 339 mertensiana...... 2.2.2... 0 cece ee eeeeee 339 michaunii.-....-........02..02002 eee 339 nudicaulis ...............2........ wees. O44 pectinatd... 2... eee eee 338 punctata .......... 22-22 eee eee eee eee ee 339 Veflexa 2.2... 0. cee ee eee cece ec ceceaes 224 stellaris...... 22.2. c cee eee cece eee eee 339 Saxifragacem .....0.......20..00.20-. 224, 339, 498 Schedonnardus................0-0.---00000-- 539 paniculatus................2.. 00 189, 530, 554 Scha@nus spathaceus... 2.000. .0ccceeeeceeees 257 Umbellatus . 2... eee cece ence cece eeeee 184 Scilla esculenta... ...0.0002000-ceeeeeeeeeee 253 Scirpus acicularis.........00..00-.c eee ee 184, 257 acuminatus .........2.0.ce. cece eee eee 527 americanus .............see00---- 184, 526, 553 atrovirens pallidus................0.. 184, 526 COSTANEUS Loe cence eee cence cece ee eenee 184 CYPeTINUS .... 0... e eee eee eee eee 527 fluviatilis ....2.......00.0 0200. 184 glawcescens ©... 22. e cece cence eee eee 184 lacustris .......2..22.202.. 000000 184, 526, 553 occidentalis . 2.2.2... eee cece ee eens 184, 257 marttimus fluviatilis. .........0.2.0 028. 184 MiICTOCATPUS .........0.. 02.022 ee ee eee 257 NNANUS..- 2 eee eee ee eee ee eee 257 OVATUS.. oo ee eee eee eee eee eee 257 PAlUtris oo. eee eeeee ee ee 184, 257, 527 panciflorus. ....... 22.0... ee eee eens 527 subterminalis .............20..0.....00- 257 triqueter......0...2 eee ce eee cece eaeeeee 553 Scleropodium obtusifolium................. 274 Scolochloa festucacea ............22.022200- 192 Scorzonella nutans. ......0.0c2e eee eee eee 236 Scouleria aquatica ............0. ccc eee eee 270 Scrophularia marilandica.................- 243 nodosa marilandica ........ 00.22. c ee eee 243 occidentalis ..............02. ccc aes 517 Scrophulariacew............. 172, 243, 345, 517, 549 Seutellaria angustifolia. ................... 246 galericulata....................-- 174, 246, 519 lateriflora..........0.2.20.22.--.. 174, 246, 550 Sedum spathulifolium ..........2...22..22. 225 stenopetalum ..............2-..--20-- 499, 570 Selaginella rupestris..................... 268, 534 Selaginellacew ........... peer ecaseseeenee 268, 534 Page Selinum acatule.....2.-22 22. e cece eee e eee 502 benthami .........2....2..02.00.020008 341 gmelini.......... 00... eee eee eee 341 Senecio aureus...--....20.. 22. e eee eee eee 235 borealis 22... c eee ewww ee eens 571 COMPACLUS. 2.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 166 balsamit#@..........0.....0. cece eee eeee "510 CANUS 22... ee eee ee eee eee ee ee 235, 510 compactus -........2-. 6. eee eee eee eee 166 douglasli...........2.. 22.2 167 exaltatus . 2... eee cece ee eee eee eee 236 hydrophilus...... 2.2.22. 22.02.02..0000e 236 integerrimus..............2..2.020220-. 510 lugens ....... 22.2222 eee eee eee eee 236, 509 exaltatus .....0..2...022.222222005. 236 pauciflorus..... 22.22.22. e eee ee eee eee 571 plattensis ..............0.. 202.0020 ce eee 510 rapifolius .....22...2.0. 00.02.2202 - eee ee 509 SCTTA. 22-0. eee eee ee eee ee ee eee eee 236 triangularis. 2.2.2.2... eee e eee ee eee 236 vulgaris...... 202... eee eee cece eee ee 236 Septoria sisymbrii.................2.2..008 276 Serratul@ 8(Uarrosd...... 2... .eeceeeee eens. 161 Sesleria dactyloides.........2-.-.004-. 190, 531, 555 Setaria.. 2.2... eee cece ec eee 3,37 caudata .. 02.2... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 38 COMPOSItA. 2. eee. e eee eee eee eee eee ee 38 corrugata ........ 22... eee eee se eeeeeeee 38 Glauca .... 2... eee ee cece enews 38 levigata 22.0... 2.2... eee eee eee ee: 38 imberbis ...........20. 202... cceeeceeeee 38 italica.. 0. eee ee eee eee eee 38 macrostachya .........2-.-2202-. cess ee. 38 TRA GIG . 0 eee eee eee eee e wees centre en eee 38 pauciseta ... 2... eee eee cece eee eee 39 SO 38 uniseta. 2.2.2.2... eee c cece eee eee ee 26 verticillata.. 2.2.0.0... ... 0000002000 00000- 39 viridis ..... 00.0202. 38, 528, 554 Shepherdia canadensis .......2-...-20.022-- 249 Shepherdia, Canadian....................-. 474 Sibbaldia procumbens..................-. 223, 339 Sicyos echinocystoides..............2202--- 313 deppei .......2......02..0.00202-0-- 319 Sida cinerea..............00.002 20 cc ee eee eee 311 CUMOSA «2. ee ee eee ee eee eens 311, 312 lodiegiensis ............2.22.-..000000-- 311 MAWOMOTA .. 2.22 cee eee eee 217 paniculata ........ wesc ee eee eee ee eee 312 Sidalcea malveeflora.............2..2-22.-2-- 217 Sieglingia purpurea................022222-. 190 Sieversia rossit.. 2.2.2.0 ee cece eee eee ee eee 569 Silaus ....- 2.2.2.2. eee eee 402 Silene acaulis ..............0002.02022..0022. 569 antirrhina .............. we eeeeeee 150, 215, 487 drummondti . 2.2.00... 002 cece eee eee 150, 488 menziesii ....2. 2.20.2... eee eee ee 215 multicaulis ...... 00.0... 02. eee eee eee 216 scouleri ...-.2 02.2020. 0 2.2. ee ee cee ees 216 SiUphiwm. .....-220 0000 e eee eee eceeee 546 SS): - 412 Sinapis alba. ......2--. 2.20. ence cee eee 485 Sinita .... 2.22.0 ee eee eee eee eee 412 Sison (MME . 2.0.2.2 ee eee ee eee eee een eee 295 Sisymbrium amphibium palustre......... 212, 485 CUPVISULLQUE 600 cence eee e cece ee eee ee eneee 212 Sisymbrium incisum filipes ............---- 213 NASEUTTIUNE . ona eee ee eee nee eee eee eeeeee 212, 485 officinale ....--- 2-2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 213 pinnatum .....-.--------- +2 eee eee ee eee 485 Sisyrinchium bermudiana...--.-.. 180, 252, 528, 553 grandiflorum......---.--------+++--+--+- 252 MUCLONALUM . 20.222 eee eee eee 252 Sitanion elymoides .....-..--++00--20----- 533, 555 Sium cicutwfolium ........---.----..---+- 160, 227 | 160, 297, 502 Skunk brush.....-.----------e0-- sees eeeee 471 Smilacew...... 2.2.2. eee elec eee eee eee eee 525 Smilacina amplexicaulig ......----+-+-+-- 2538, 525 Smilax herbacea ...........-.--+-----06-- 181, 525 Spruce, white ...------.------ 2-22 - see eee eee 473 Smilacina sessilifolid......-2-2seeee ee eee eee 253 Smyrnium .......-------.---ee eee eee eee 302, 306 Cgopodiodes... 20... 0-ee cere ee eeeeeeee 302, 308 COTUARUIN. 2. cee ee eee eee ee ee nee eee 502 Solanacem......-..-----+-----+--- 171, 2438, 516, 549 Solanum nigrum .........------+- 171, 2438, 516, 549 rostratum..........--+----------- 171, 516, 549 triflorum.....----.---.-60.-- eee 171, 248, 516 Solidago californica .....-.---------++++---- 162 canadensis ...-...----.-2---2----2eeee: 162, 505 ATIZONICA ...-- 22 ee eee ee eee 162 CANESCENS .- 222. eee eee eee eee ee 162 gilvocanescens ...-...--++-+---+.++-- 162 PrOcera ...--.------ 2-2 eee eee eee 505 elongata ..-..--+----2-2 ee eee eee eee eee 231 CTOCTA.- 22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 505 glaberrimd ...--- eee eee cence eee ee 161 INCONG occa c cere eer eee nent ee eeeees 162 lanceolata...-....-.eeeeeeeee eee ee eee 162, 506 missouriensis .......-----+---- 161, 281, 505, 545 Montand .. 2... ewww eee eee eee ee eee 161 | glaberrima.........----.2---22-+--- 161 | MONS .-... 2... eee ee eee eee 162 | nemoralis ........-..--.--+ saeeeeeeeee 162, 505 INCUNGA .- 2-222 eee eee ee eee 162 occidentalis ..........----.22----2------ 231 | radula.....- 22. e ee eee cece cece ee eee eee 162, 231 rigida....--.--.------ wee e cence eeeeee 162, 506 | rupestris...-.-------+--+- e+e eee ee eee eee 505 | SUPOtRTO 2.0. eee eee ee eee eee 545 serotina .......-.------- ee eee ee eee eee 162, 231 Sonchus asper....---------------- eee eee eee 511 lewcopheuS © .... 202.002 e ee eee eee ee ee eee 237 ludovicianus .....-.- sence e eee e ee ee eee 168, 511 OlOTACEUS....2-2 222-22 eee eee ee eee eee 238 0 511 pulchellus ..-...---0-202 eee eee ee 168, 511, 547 SPUCALUS . 6c eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 237 Sophora .......-----------2- eee ee eee ee eee eee 538 SCTICEA . 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 544 Sorbus occidentalis. ......-......----.------ 339 sarabucifolia .....-...-......----- 223, 339, 498 Sorghum .......-..--2-- 20. e eee eee e eee eee 3 halepense .....-...--..--0- eee e eee eeeee 13 pauciMOrum . 22-222. ee eee eee e ee eee 9 | BECUNUUM, 2.20. eee eee ee eee eee cee eee eee 9 | VUIZATC «2.2.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 13 | Spananthe paniculata. ....-...-..-.--.++--- 309 | Sparganium angustifolium......----------- 256 | CUrYCATPUM,. .... 22.022 eee eee eee eee eee 182 simplex ........... 0-220 ce eee eee eens 256 | Page. | Sparganium simplex angustifolium........ 256 | Spartina cynosuroides ....-....-- 186, 262, 528, 554 eracilis... 22.2.2. 020. e eee ee eee eee eee eee 554 Specularia perfoliata ...-...2..0eseeeeee eee 238 Spergulastrum gramineum..........------- 150 Sphreralacea acerifolia .........-------+---- 217 MUNTOANA ...-2- 022-2 eee ee eee eee ee eee 218 Sphagnaciw...... 02.2... 22-22 -e ee eee eee eee 350 Sphagnum squarrosum semisquarrosum... 350 spectabile ..........-------------------- 269 Spiesia lambertii........------------- 155, 494, 539 SOPiCOA . 2. Lee eee ee ee eee eee 494 viscida 2.2... 02..200 22 eee eee eee eee ee 493 Spirwa ariwfolia ........---.--02e eee eee eee 221 betulifolia..........------------ 222 eee 221, 495 COOSPIlO8M. 2. 22 ene eee eee eens 495 CC 221 douglasii menziesii...-..---.----------- 222 lucida ... 222.22... eee eee eee eee ee eee 495 MENZEL 22 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 222 TONOGYNG . 222s cee n eee e ee eee eee ee eens 221, 495 opulifolia......---2- 222 e eee e eee eee renee 221 Spiranthes romanzofiand.......--0-0+-+-- 252, 524 UNALASCENSIS. .. 2-2 eee eee ee eee 252 Spirodela polyrrhiza ........----.-----+--++ 182 Sporobolus ......--.---+---++e2- ee eee eee ee 5, 59 airoides ...-.. 2.222222 eee ee eee eee eee 62, 554 ATZULUS -. 2... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee ee 61 APKANSANG .--- 22. eee ee eee 61 AVUNGINACEUB. 22.2 eee eee eee ee eee 59 ASPET... 22-2. eee eee eee eee eee ees 59 drummondili.......-------.---+----- 60 asperifolius ..........----2-.-e-ee ee eee 64, 189 brevifolius... 2... eee eee eee enone 64 MAJOL . 2... ee ee eee ee eee eee 64 auriculatus ....-..-.---.---20- 22 e ee eee 64 polanderi......-..-20.------ 2-02 eee eee ee 63 buckleyi .........-2...--+ 2-022 e eee eee 63 COMPTeSSUS ..-.------- 2 e eee eee eee eee 63 confusus ..... 222.2222. e eee ee eee eee eee 64 eryptandrus .....-.----------- 62, 188, 530, 554 flexuosus...-.. 2.222. --++--2 ee eee eee 62 robustus .....-------.. 20-22-2005 62, 189 strictuS ...-..--.2.-.22.----2 22-2 eee 62 cuspidatus .....-.--.---+----+-+--+: 60, 189, 530 depauperatus ......-------+-----++----- 61, 189 domingensis.......... cece eee cess eteeee 61 filiformis..........------- 2-20 - eee eee eee 189 gracillimus .....----.-----e- eee eee eee 60, 189 heterolepis......--------------eseeeeee 62, 530 IMCiCUS. ... cee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 59 interruptus .....--.----------+--+- ee eee 61 jonesii ....-2 0... eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee 63 junceus ..-..-----.---- 22+ eee eee seer eee 63 minor ...--.- eet e eee wee ee cece ne eeeeee 60 nealleyi 2.2.2.0. 22. eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 61 Pilosus....-..-- 22. ee eee eee eee eee e ee 60 TAMULOBUS. oe eee eee eee cee eee eee eens 64 T@PONS «2-0. e ee eee e ee cee ee cece eee eee 61 SADCANUS 022 eee ene eee eee eee eee eee 61 sacatilla... cc. c eee eee ee eee eee eee 61 SCTOUINUS. 6... cece eee ee eee ee cee eee eee 63 tOXANUS ...--- cece ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 63 tricholepis ........2..-ceee eee eee eee eee 62 vagineflorus ..........----22-22--------- 60 Virginicus. 22.2200. eeee eee eee ee eee eee 59 610 Page. | Sporobolus wolfli.........-2.2-...2...2.2.4. 60 | wrightii......-.....--.....2.2.- seereeee 62 Spruce, Sitka ........0. 22... eee eee ee. 328 | Stachys aspera......-..........2..2.-..00-. 519 palustris ..........0...202. 2c cece eee 247, 519 Stanleya pinnata...........2....0........ 484, 569 Star-flower ..........0.0.00.0..200ce eee ee eee 330 Steironema ciliatum...................--- 240,513 | Stellaria borealis ............ woe teense eeeeee 216 Oy Le 216 GOMES... eee ee eee eee eee ee ee 216 longifolia... 2... eee eee eee cee ee 150, 216, 488 Oy 216 Sa 216 NUtENS .... 2... eee eee nee eeeeee seeeeee eee 216 ObtUSA. 22 ee ee eee eee eee 569 Uliginosa ......222. 2002 e eee bese enna 216 | Stenactis beyrichti...........2....2-2- 164, 232, 507 Stenanthium occidentale .................-- 255 Stenotaphrum...................-.2.2.0.00- 3,40 americanum.............00.2eece ee cece ee 40 Stephanomeria minor ........2....-.2------ 238 | Stevia sphacelata ...........-00...020020---- 547 Stipa........ 2... ee eee eee ees 5, 49 AVENIACEA . 22... eee eee eee ee eee 54 bloomeri ....--..----...0..002222---0--- 54 CAMUCA 2... - eee eee cee eee eee 54 TL 65 capillata ..2.. 00.222 e ee cee eee ee 53 chrysophylla....-.. 20.0. .0 eee e eee eee 52 columbiand.........00.. 22022 eee ee eee 50 comata.........---.----.2222-- 52, 188, 260, 529 | coronata 2.0... 2 eee eee eee ee eee eee 51 diffusa 2.2... 22.222. e eee eee . 65 eMiINENS..........2-2 22 eee ee eee eee 53 andersonii...............2.2..22--.. 54 Jimbriata........2- 222222002 eee eee eee 56 flexu0Sa ..... 2.22. ee eee eee eee eee 54 hymenoides --. 2... ---- 2-222. ee cece eee 56 JUNCOM 2 eee eee eee cece ee cee ee eee ee 53, 529 kingii....2. 02.2... 49 leucotricha...........0....02.2.2200.-2-- 53 | MemMbranacead ..--.. 2... eee eee eee 56, 188, 529 | mongolica..........2-- cee eee eee eee 55 occidentalis .........2............2..... 50,53 parishii ...........2..22-2.0.02.0022..0. 52 | PATViflOra .. 22.2.2 e eee eee eee eee 50 | pennata neo-mexicana.................. 53 | pringlei -....................222 0002202. o4 | lemmoni.......-..--.....2....02..-0. 55 richardsonii-....-...............2...2.. 55,529 | MAjOT 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 55 | seribneri.-.........0...000.00e eee ee eee 52 | Te 65 | setigera .... 0... eee ee eee eee 53 BUDITICO. 22. cee eee eee eee ot spartea 2.22.2... 2... e eee eee 50, 53, 188, 529 | speciosa........ 22.22.22 elle eee 52 | MINOT... eee eee eee eee eee 52 stillmani.............. ee eee ee eee eeeeeee 51 stricta 22.22.0222 eee ee eee cece eee 51) sparsiflora ...........---2---2...0-- 51 | tenuissima..........--. ween cence ween 50 | viridula................0.eeee ee 50, 188, 260, 529 | lettermani .........22.202.22 000000. 50 | MANOP .. 6... eee eee eee eee eee ee 50 | Page, Stipa viridula pubescens ................... 50 robusta ....... wee e eee lela e ee ee eens 50 Strawberry ......-.-. 2.22.20. .cce ce eee eee ee 331 | Streptachne ........csceceeceececececceceeee 58 Jloridana .......-.--. wee cece eee eee 48 Streptanthus arcuatus .....2.....0-2.00002--- 212 Streptopus amplexifolius............. 258, 346, 525 Stylopappus elatus .......0-.00.ceec cence eee 237 grandiflorus. 2.0.0. .00. 22 eee ee eee eee 237 laciniatus .....0. 02.0.2 eee ee eeeeeee 237 Suda depressa..............22.02.000ee wee 248 Suwarrow.......... wens eee e cece ec enee cease 408 Sweet vernal grass........ vtec cence teen reese 43 Swertia deflerd.. 0... 0.0.0 cece eee ee eee eee 514 Symphoria occidentalis..........2-.0020--.. 545 Symphoricarpos occidentalis. .... 160, 229, 503, 545 racemosus pauciflorus.................. 503 Synthyris reniformis.................22.... 244 TUDTA . 222. eee eee eee 245 Syntrichia mucronifolia..........222.-..--. 269 Tagetes papposd...........00e. eee ee. 234, 509, 547 Talium parviflorum..........22......22.2-. 488 DYGMOCN. 6. ce eee ee eee eee eee 569 teretifolium ......2...2...20..00200200-. 151 Taraxacum taraxacum................... 237, 511 Tauschia..... 0.2.2.0... cece cece eeeceeees 302, 309 COUMENL. .2 occ ee eee ee cee wee e ee eee eee 296 nudicanlis.......2...2...0.-ee eee eee 296, 309 tT 302, 309 Taxus brevifolia ......0.....2.. cece ee eee eee 267 Tellima grandiflora ..................2222-- 340 parviflora . 2.2... 2... cece eee eee eee ee 224, 498 Teosinte 2.2.0... 0... cece eec ee eee ee ence eee 2 Tetradymia canescens ..........22......... 236 Tetragonanthus deflexus............. seeeee 514 Tetraphis pellucida .........2...2222202.--. 271 Teucrium occidentale .......... tee eeeeee 174, 550 Thalesia fasciculata. ................. 178, 245, 518 uniflora 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee eee 245 Thalictrum fendleri..................22.... 568 occidentale. ...... 2.2.22. eee eee. 209, 479 purpurascens ..........2222-2......-- 148, 479 venulosum .....2. 2. ...2.. 222. ceeeeee eee 479 Thamnium bigelovii ........22..........2.. 273 leibergii...... 2... 2.22. eee eee 27 Thapsia glomeratd.....0.....0.c000ceeee eee. 502 Thaspium............. 2... 0.cee cee eee eee. 297, 320 Thelesperma .........-.....0.00000ce0 cee eee 538 Thelesperma ambiguum .............2..... 547 gracile -............2-20...2. 202000005 166, 547 Thelypodium laciniatum ..............2... 212 Thermopsis montana..........--.......---- 219 rhombifolia .............00. 02.20 e eee 490 Thistle, Russian ...........-2.......-...0--- 141 Thlaspi alpestre .............02....02 eee eee 213 bursa-pastoris ......2.... eee eee eee seeeee 486 | Thurberia ..............20.00 0.002222 eee 5, 58 arkansana ........-2-. 02-22 eee eee eee 58 Thurovia 22... ..0 0c eee cece eee cece eee 321 triflora -......22.2.. 22. cence ee eeeeee 321 | Thuya gigantea 2.20.2... cece eee cee eee ee 267 plicata -..............0008 eee eee eee eeee 267 Thymus douglasti ..... 0... cccccaccccccceces 246 Thysanocarpus curvipes.................-. 213 PUstllUs 22. eee cece een e cece 213 Tiarella trifoliata ...........0....2..22.---- 340 unifoliata ......2......... eeeeees eeseees 224 611 Page. Timmia austriaca......--.-....-e eee esos 272 Timothy ........0..-- 20-22 eee ee eee eee eee 86 alpine. ......---.----- ee 2 eee eee ee eee 86 Tissa rubra .....-..--2--5---- ee ee eee eee eee 217 Tofieldia glutinosa.....-......------+------ 347 Tomato ....... 22. cee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 144 Tovaria sessilifolia ..... 2-2. 22.0ee eee eee eee 253 Trachypogon ......--..-6-.00- 22-22 eee eee 2,7 polymorphus. ......------+--+--+--+:++-+- 8 Tradescantia brevifolia..........--...--- 322, 323 | leiandra.....--.-----.---2---- 322, 322, 323, 323 a 323 SPCCIOSM «oo cece cece reece ee eee eee ee eee 323 virginiana ........2.----2----2e+- ee 181, 525 Tragus..........-2 020-22 eee eee ee eee eee eee 3,15 TACEMOSUS ----- 22 ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 15 Trautvetteria carolinensis ...-..----.------ 209 QTANGIB. 0. eee n eee e eee e eee ee eee eee eee 209 Tribulus maximus ..........---.---------+- 542 Trichochloa capillaris..... ..---------+---- 65 Trichodium decumbens ......-+----+-+--- 28+ 76 PETENNANS. .2 see e renee een cc ence eee eeeeee 76 Trichostema oblongum.......-..----------- 247 Trichostomum lanuginosuin ......2-2-+25++- 270 Sudeticum .....----0 eee e scene eee eee eee 270 Tridax bicolor ......---...ee cece eee eee ee eee 319 tenuifolia .......--.---.---22 eee e eee eee 319 microcephala ....-...-------+------ 319 Trientalia arctica .......-----e+-+----+----- 344 CUTOPA ALCHICA. .-- 202 eee eee ee eee ee 344 latifolia .... 0... eee cece eee eee eee eee 240 latifolia. ..---- 20-2 c ee ere eee were eee ees 240 Trifolium altissimum..-.....-...-...---.--- 219 cyathiferum...........-- 2-2-2222 e eee eee 219 involucratum -..--.......2+- +++ ee eee 219 longipes latifolium.....-..-.----++-+++- 220 microcephalum......--...--2--+++-s+e++ 220 pauciflorum......-...0----- seen ee eee eee 220 pratense ..------- 2-22 ee ee eee ee eee ee --- 490 | YOPEDS . 2-2-2. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 490 Triglochin maritima .....-...-------+---- 182, 256 palustris ......------------- + seee eee eee 256 Trigonella americana....---.-.-- ..--- 153, 220, 490 Trillium ovatum.......-------.----- 22-2 ee 254 petiolatum .......-...---2+- +e eee eee eee 254 Tripsacum, -....--.----- eee ee ee eee eee 2,5 cylindricum ...--..-02 222 eee eee eee eee 7 dactyloides....-.-...---+---eee eee eee ee “monostachyum......---------+------ floridanum .........---- +2222. eee eee eee Jemmoni .........06 22-2 ee eee eee ee eee MONOSTACHYUM «2. - 2 eee eee ee eee eee eee Trisetum cernuum. .-.....-----.-- 602-6: 261 CANESCENS .. 2. eee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee ee 261 subspicatum ........-2+----+- eee eee eee 262 WOUftL. ocean cece eee cece e cere eee eee 264 Triticum caninum. ...-2+ 220.220. e ee eee eee 193, 533 QMAUCUIL 2. ce cee eee eee eee ees 192, 205, 533; 555 Trollius laxus....-.. 220-266-2222 eee 568 Troximon MuranttacwuM. .- 222.0202 ee eee eee 237 CUSPIMAtUMe 0.06.6 e eee eee eee eee ee eee 168, 237 GE ee 511 | dasycephalum ......-+.-++-0-002005+ 571 gracilens...... cece cee eee cee eee ee eee 571 parviflorum .......---.------+-+--+------- 511 Tsuga mertensiana ....-...-----+++++ 266, 328, 349 Tuna... ... 2-2. eee eee cee ee eens 420 16733—No, 9——6 Tuna blanca ...-.. 2... eee ee ee eee eee eee ee 440 chavena.....--..--+.-2+00-05 cw eceeeneeee 440 Turritis glabra. .-.. 22... e eee eee ee eee eee 150, 484 hirsuta......------------ eee 150, 212, 336, 484 Tussilago frigida.......----------+++--+-+-- 342 sagittata 2.22.2... cece ee eee eee ee ee 235, 509 Typha latifolia........--------------+---- 182, 256 Typhace® ......-.-------2-ee22 ee eee eee 182, 256 Ulmacew .....--.----- 2-2 ee eee eee eee eee 179 Ulmus americana ......-+---..-+--------- 179, 522 Ulota barclayl.... 2.0... ee eee ee eee eee ee 350 Umbelliferm .........--.----- 160, 227, 289, 319, 501 Unifolium canadense........-....---------- 525 Uniola spicata ...... 2022.2 eee eee eee eee eee ee 555 Fe a 192 Urachne lanata........----- eee eee eee e eee ee 56 MICTANINA...--- +. eee w ee eee wee eee eee 56, 188, 529 Uredo farinosa salicis-capre®....--..-..+-+- 278 OreOBEliNt «2.2222 ee eee eee eee eee ee eee ee 276 pustulata cerastii.........2-0---2e sees 276 | Urtica cylindrica ..........cee eee eee eee eee 179 COC) Cer: 179 gracilis -......-...-e2eeeeeee eee e ee 179, 250, 522 lyallii 2.2.2... 22. eee ee eee ee eee ee eee 250 PUMELA 22. cece ee eee eee e eee e eee cece e eee 179 Urticacea...... 22.22. eee ee ee eee ... 179, 250, 522 Utricularia vulgaris................ seeeee 173, 246 Uvularia amplexifolia...-..---------- 253, 346, 525 Vaceinince®.. 2.22... e eee eee ene eee eeenes 238 Vaccinium cespitosum..........-2.. eee eens 238 membranaceuM .....---- 202. e ee eee eee 238 myrtilloides ..... 22.0022 20 eee eee eens 238 myrtillus.........0... 02. e eee eee eee eee 238 microphyllum .......---.----++---+-- 512 ovalifolium.......----.-2+------06- 238, 329, 343 Vagneraamplexicaulis.............+++++- 253, 525 sessilifolia.. 2.2.2.0... 2 ee cece eee eee eee 253 stellata... 2.0.2... eee eee eee ee eee ee 281, 525 Valeriana edulis.......-..c.22 eee eeee 230, 504 sitchensis .-.-----.---.-0-- eee e eee ee eee 341 sylvatica. ........----------- ++ ee 230, 504, 570 Valerianaces...-..- 2.02000 cece eee e eee 20, 341, 504 Valerianella congesta ....-..--...ee ee eneee - 230 olitoria......,--.2-22. 2. eee eee eee eee e ee 230 Vanilla grasa.......- ace ce ceeeseeeeees bance 47 Vasey COmate@ - 2.22.02. 220. e eee eee eee eee 68 Vela de coyote ....-..----- +222 ee eee ee eee 449 Volta. 2. nececccceeceuccccecceccseeeeees 301, 302 glauca. .....-.2. 2-2 eee ee eee eee eens 321 kelloggii ....----.------ 22. eee eee ee eee 321 Veratrum album ........-.--2.-- eee eee e eee 255 ealiformicum .......-.0-.-----eeeeeeeeee 255 viride ..---------- eee eee eee eee eee 255 Verbascum blattaria .........--..-2... ee eee 243 thapsus .....-------.0 cee eee eee eee ees 243, 517 Verbena bipinnatifida.......-...--..------- 518 bracteosa....--..--...--++---- 1738, 246, 518, 550 hastata.........-. 2.222 eee ee eee eee 173, 518 x stricta ...2..0.....22-. 22-222 eee eee 173 paniculata stricta .............-+----- 173 stricta ..........-.---. 02-2 e eee eee 1738, 518, 550 urticifolia .........2.. eee eee eee eee eee 173 Verbenace®..........-.0---------- 173, 246, 518, 550 Vernonia altissima marginata....-.---+----- 545 baldwinii...........------ 2+. eee ee eee 545 Marginata. .-.. 22... eee eee eee eee eee 545 612 Page. Page. Veronica alpina ................2.0200000: 345,571 Viola palustris....................-.. 215, 837, 487 americana.....-2..2...2...22...2. 178, 245, 518 pedatifida ......00.. 0.000000. 22eee 487 anagallis ...-2......-2...-2eee eee ween 518 pubescens .......... 22.022... 02 0002 eee 487 peregrina .............26. 2.0 eee 178, 245, 518 Sead riusculd 2.0.2. ee eee eee cece eee 487 scutellata . 2.2.22. 2 2. e eee eee eee eee 245 rotundifolia .......2.2..0. 0.000202 00000. 215 serpyllifolia.....2... 0.0.0... 22222222 eee 245 SarmentOsa...........2202202- eee eee QU, 210 Vesicaria arenosd 22.22.00... 22 e cece eee ee. 485 | scabriuscula. 2.2.2.0... 200.02 e eee eee 487 Viburnum lentago............... Leeeeeeeee 503 vertictllatd... 0... 0.2 cece eee cc eee eeeeee DAD opulus .........0.. 222.220.0202 503 Violacem............2....2225 150, 214, 837, 487, 542 paucifloram .................2...200-. 329,341 Virginia creeper ........... cence eee eee eee 471 Vicia americana. ........2...02.. 22. eee 221,494 Visnada.....2 22.2 e eee ee eee 364 linearis ......2.2..2..0.0....2...2-. 4940 Vitacem. 2.2.2 eee eee eee eee 152, 490, 542 truncata.....-...-2...++..-..-222. 221,494 Vitis cordifolia................-.202--0.... 152 PPUNCULM..~ 0-2. eee eee eee ee eee eee 494 Wulpina ...... 0.222... e eee eeee ee eee 152, 490 Vl ©. ccc cece e ence e ec ce cneeeees 60 Vleckia anethiodora.......2.2-.......02.--. 519 CT 62 urticifolia ..2 2.0L. eee 246 MiUNTINACEH. 6.22 e cee eee eee ee cee eee 59° Watermelon.........0.. 222. cccce ccc eeeeceee 144 asperifolia. oo... 2.2.0.2 eee eee 189° Water oats.... 000.2. c cece ecece cece cece eee. 41 COMPVEBBY ©. 6 eee eee eee eee. 63 Webera cruda...........cceceeceeeceeeeeees 271 7 CUSPLMALM. 2. eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 60, 530 commitata . 2.2... eee eee eee ee eee ee. 271 depauperata....--- ++. sc ceee eee eee eee eee 61 nutans ...-.. 22... 2 eee eee 271 JUVYOPMIS - 6... cece eee eee eee 189° White grass........0..000 00 0c cece eee eee eee 41, 42 % AruMMONAIt. .- 20. e ee cece cece e eee eee GO Willow..... 22... cece eee eee ece eee ceee 328, 471, 476 graewllima .. oe ee eee 60,189 Wissadula pringlei..........22...222.0.00. - 312 heterolepts ....02 0000-0 cece ee eee eee eee 530 Wood grass ...... bene cence cee eeen eee eeeeece 8 hookert 2... ee cence eee eee 59° Woodsia oregana.........-.. 02. e eee 194, 267, 536 ~ SL 60 scopulina ........... See eeee we te ee eeee 267, 536 “ tricholepis ......2.....00 2002 e eee eee. 62 Wulfenia reniformis ..........220..2.02---- 244 Utilis. ©... 2. cee eee eee eee cece eee 61 SS SF VUNGINICH 2.2.2.2 eee cee eee eee eee 59 Wyethia amplexicaulis..................--. 234 Viola adunea..-.. 2.2... e cee eee cece 214, 487 | Xanthium canadense .............-.- 165, 233, 546 biflora. .. 2.2.2... e eee eee 214 | Xerophyllum tenax .......2..2.eeeeee eee eee 254 Dlanda 2.22.22... 0... eee eee eee eee 487 Xylosteum involueratum..............220--- 229 canadensis ........2......22.02....00- 214,487 | Yueea glauca ...... 2... eee eee ee eee 181, 525, 553 CANINA... . 00-2. eee ee ee eee eee ee ee eee “If Zannichellia palustris .......... ceeee cece ee | 188 adunea ...2.....2.2... ee eeee eee eee 214,487 © Zannichelliacew.............000.2020- 00000 526 muhlenbergti .. 2.2.2... 2e eee eee 569° Zapania cuncifolia....... 2222. e eee cece eee 550 OXYVCeFAS ..-... 22. eee eee AT, 2 CUCULLALA - 2.2. ee eee eee ween eee aeeees 215,487 Zebrina letandra... 2.20.0... ccc cece eee eee 122, 323 glabella ..........00000000.0..002.2-.. 214,987 0 Zina 2... cece cece eee 412 howellii.............. 02.22.2002. seeeeee 214 Zinnia grandijlora............. eanneeeneees 546 labradorica..............02.22 0000 e eee 569 | Zizania .. 2.222. eee eee eee 4,41 langsdorfli ...........2..222..... seeeeee 337 | aquatica ........ eeeeeee eee cece ee eeeeee 41, 187 muhlenbergit ..........2. wee we ce ee eenns 569 | Zizaniopsis ...--....... cece eee eee eee e eee 4,41 nuttallii.. se ee weeeeees 214, 487 miliacea............0. 022 cece eee eeeeee 41 Obliqua .......ecececcecee eee eee, 150,215,487 | Zizia cordata............ bec ceeeeeeeceeeeees 502 orbiculata ...... 22.22 cece cece eee eee 214 | Zygadenus elegans. .................2...26. 525 palmata cucullata ........22022..0..00-. 215 | VeneONOSUS . 2.2.2.0... 20-02 e cece ee cee 255, 525 ODIIQUE Lace ee eee cee e cence eee 150,487 Zygophyllacew..........2...-.. cece eee eee 542