TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by
the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled ‘Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,”
which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the
National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed
responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the
series were issued by the Department of Agriculture.
RicHarD RATHBUN,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution,
In Charge of the United States National Museum.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
~Uwerep Staves NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME 18
SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS
\ OF
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS
PITTIER, HITCHCOCK and CHASE
SAFFORD, STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914-1917
NOTE.
Volume 18 of the Contributions consists of 7 parts, which were
issued as follows:
Part 1, pages 1 to 68, June 17, 1914.
Part 2, pages 69 to 86, April 16, 1914.
Part 3, pages 87 to 142, February 11, 1916.
Part 4, pages 143 to 172, March 3, 1916.
Part 5, pages 173 to 224, October 30, 1916.
Part 6, pages 225 to 260, September 22, 1917 (erroneously dated
September 15, 1917).
Part 7, pages 261 to 472, September 1, 1917 (erroneously dated
August 18, 1917).
Iv
PREFACE.
Of the seven parts composing volume 18 of the Contributions, tho
first is by Mr. W. E. Safford, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United
States Department of Agriculture. It represents an extension of his
work on the family Annonaceae. In various preliminary papers
Mr. Safford has proposed several new sections of the genus Annona
and has described many of the tropical American species. The
present treatment is more comprehensive, embracing a synoptical
view of the genus by natural groups and sections, with descriptions of
additional new or inadequately known species. There are given,
also, descriptions of two closely allied new genera, Fusaea and Gean-
themum, and critical notes upon Rollinia, Duguetia, and Raimondia.
This last genus, recently founded upon a single species, is found prop-
erly to include also a Colombian plant, described long ago by Hum-
boldt, Bonpland, and Kunth as Anona quinduensis.
The second paper, by Mr. Henry Pittier, also of the Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, is in continua-
tion of a series begun by him several years ago in the Contributions,
dealing principally with Colombian and Central American plants
which are of economic value. Besides descriptions of two new species
of Brosimum and Spondias there are included further notes upon the
difficult genus Sapium and a discussion of the nomenclature of the
sapote and sapodilla, two important tropical American fruit trees
whose taxonomic history is exceedingly involved.
The third part consists of a second installment of studies by Mr. Paul
C. Standley, of the United States National Herbarium, upon the
flowering plants of tropical America. The new species described
and the changes of nomenclature proposed are largely the result of
work upon certain groups, chiefly Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, and Legu-
minosae, as represented in the extensive collections obtained recently
in Panama during the progress of the Smithsonian Biological Survey
of the Panama Canal Zone. A large part of the paper consists of
descriptions and nomenclatorial changes in the Amaranthaceae and
Allioniaceae incidental to monographic work upon these families.
Two new genera are proposed in the Malvaceae.
Part 4 is the fifth paper of Mr. Pittier’s series mentioned above. In
this part are discussed various trees and shrubs of Central America
v
VI PREFACE,
and the northern part of South America, hitherto imperfectly or
not at all known. Most of them are components of the wonder-
fully rich native Isthmian silva and several aro of importance as
timber trees. \V
the common A. reticulata by the na- i\ (\
tives of Alta Verapaz, who call it A
“anona amarilla.” In general appear-
ance the fruit resembles very closely
the common alligator apple of trop-
ical mangrove swamps (A.glabra L.). \
but the latter may easily be distin- \
guished by its large flowers with 6 |/\ \
ovate valvate petals, its laurel-like
leaves, its edible fruit, and its yellow RQ
or tan-colored seeds. The difference
in the stamens of the two species
~
may be seen in figure 51, which also S
\
Ss
—.
>=
Zz
QQ
:
Lf
ff
NXSS
=
/y Lf
\
QQ
ZL
\
—
shows three carpels of A. lutescens,
with their hairy ovaries, basal soli-
f
WX
Uns
\
tary ovules, and terminal fleshy styles, gg ~
these velvety like chamois skin on the yj
surface,as seen under the microscope, é CZ
i lz a i
instead of muriculate, as in the much Fie. 52.—(a) Leaf of Annona lutescens and
larger stamen of A.glabra. The flowers (b) one of A. reticulata. Scale 4.
of the present species are very similar
to those of A. reticulata L., yet this is also true of the flowers of A. squamosa L.
The three form a subdivision of the section Atta and are very closely allied, but
undoubtedly distinct, as in the case of the two chirimoyas, A. cherimola Mill.
and A. longiflora S. Wats.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23.—From a field photograph of type material, showing fruit,
sceds, extra-axillary clusters of unopened nodding flowers, and retuse lower leaf.
Natural size.
Annona palmeri Safford, sp. nov.
Section Atta. A shrub 2 or 3 meters high, with 2-ranked approximate thin
membranaceous leaves resembling those of A. squamosa in shape, and with very
small obtuse-petaled flowers on long slender peduncles; branches very slender, at
* Nov. Pl. Amer. pl. 143. f. 2. 1755.
44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
first sparsely appressed-pilose, soon glabrate, reddish brown, bearing numerous
light-brown lenticels; petioles 5 or 6 mm. long, broadly channeled above, sparsely
pubescent at first, soon glabrescent; blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate, the
lowermost on the flowering branches small, elliptical and sometimes retuse,
the uppermost longest, and relatively narrowest, 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad,
with 7 to 10 nerves on each side, those lower down 5 to 6 cm. long and 2.8 to 3
cm. broad, usually obtuse or obtusely acuminate but sometimes acutish at the
apex, rounded or cuneate and sometimes slightly unequal at the base, above
at first sparsely pubescent but soon quite glabrous or with a few whitish fine
hairs along the impressed midrib, beneath at first sparsely appressed-pilose but
soon glabrate or nearly so, the pale rufous midrib and lateral nerves promi-
nent; peduncles extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, 10 to 15 mm. long, sparsely
pubescent, with a minute pubescent
bracteole at about the middle and
one at the base, persistently slender;
flowers small, pyriform or obovoid in
bud; calyx lobes broadly oavte or
triangular, pubescent; outer petals
obovate-oblong, 8 to 8.5 mm. long by
4 mm. broad, rounded at the apex,
very thick, valvate, triquetrous, ex-
cavated at the base to receive the
essential parts, puberulent on the
outside; inner petals small, scarcely
exceeding a stamen in length, per-
fectly formed (not aborted), ellip-
tical or obovate, rounded at the apex,
velvety on the outside, about 1 mm.
long and 0.5 mm. broad; receptacle
convex; stamens numerous, 1 mm.
long with the two parallel straw-
colored pollen sacs capped by the
expanded brown velvety terminal
head of the connective; carpels dis-
tinct, forming a depressed-pyramidal
gynecium; fruit subglobose or de-
pressed-conoid, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diam-
eter, composed of 12 to 20 carpels,
Fig. 53.— Annona palmeri. Leaves, flower, and these cohering in a solid mass, indi-
fruit. Scale 4. From type specimen. vidually somewhat gibbous on the
surface and marked with a terminal
point but not produced into a beak or tubercle; pulp scanty; seeds relatively
large, unsymmetrically obovate, rounded at the apex and bearing a caruncle at
the base, 8 to 10 mm. long and 7 mm. broad; testa thin, golden brown, or buff-
colored, somewhat wrinkled by the rumination of the inclosed endosperm.
(PLatEe 24. Ficures 53, 54.)
Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 266450, collected near Acapulco,
Mexico, in November, 1894, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 85). “A shrub 5 to
10 feet high with dull white flowers, growing in the river bottom near
Acapulco.”
DISTRIBUTION : Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mexico: From the type collection in the U. S. National Herbarium and in
the Gray Herbarium.
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, 45
LocaL NAME; Anonilla, or “dwarf anona” (Acapulco),
This species has very much the same habit of growth as A. globifiora Schlecht.,
the dwarf anona of eastern Mexico, but the head of the connective is broader
than the two pollen sacs and the long, solitary peduncle is very different from
that of A. globifiora. On account of the broad connective and the perfectly
formed inner petals, the writer provisionally assigns A. palmeri to the section
Atta, which includes A. sguamosa and its allies. It has, however, the habit of
certain species of Rollinia, and its short, round-pointed, thick petals, together
with its Rollinia-like seeds may
indicate that it is a link between
the genera Annona and Rollinia.
EXPLANATION OF PLATD 24.—Photo-
graph of the type in the U. S. Na-
tional Herbarium, showing a single
flower, a dry fruit, and two seeds.
Natural size,
Annona longiflora S. Wats.
Anona longifiora S. Wats. Proc.
Amer. Acad. 22 : 397. 1887.
Section Atta. A shrub 3 to 10
feet high, the young branches, pe-
duncles, and petioles densely soft-
pubescent; leaves elliptical to
ovate or obovate-elliptical, usually
rounded but sometimes acute at
the base, rounded or obtuse and
often minutely apiculate or mucro-:
nulate at the apex, bright green G
abeve, glaucous green beneath
(when dry), 5 to 14 ecm. long by
3.5 to 8 cm. broad, densely and ABB,
softly pubescent when fresh, at i
length becoming nearly glabrous
above and glabrescent or sparsely
i
Fig. 54.—Flower of Annona palmeri. a, Stamens;
b, carpel. From type specimen, Flower, scale 4;
pubescent beneath except on the gp, scale 13, y ,
midrib and lateral nerves; flowers
resembling those of A. cherimola but larger, short-peduncled, pubescent,
densely so at the base; calyx divisions deltoid-ovate, 5 mm. long, clothed
on the outside with fine long soft hairs; outer petals linear-oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 5 cm. long and 7 to 9 cm. broad, coriaceous, swollen at
the base and concave about the essential parts, whitish or cream-colored with a
dark purple or blackish spot at the base; inner petals minute (sometimes want-
ing), finely pubescent, ovate, obtuse, 2 to 3 mm. long; torus hemispherical,
clothed with fine straight hairs between the filaments; stamens 2.2 to 2.7 mm.
long, with the connective terminating in an expanded cap above the parallel
pollen sacs, its surface finely granular; carpels 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the ovaries
1.5 to 2 mm. long, covered with rufous ascending hairs, the styles 1 to 1.5 mm.
long, minutely puberulent (under the microscope), the stigmatic extremity
tapering to a point; fruit conoid or globose-ovate, its surface either reticulated
with flat areoles or bearing protuberances like those on certain forms of the
fruit of Annona cherimola L.; seeds coffee-colored, obovoid, cuneate, truncate
or obpyramidal, about 15 mm. long and 10 mm. broad, with a smooth thick
46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
testa, resembling the nuts of Pinus cembra but much larger, without a pro-
nounced basal caruncle. (PLATE 25. FieurEs 55, 56.)
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Rio Blanco, near Guadalajara,
State of Jalisco, Mexico, June, 1886, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no. 55).
DISTRIBUTION: State of Jalisco, Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mexico: State of Jalisco, Rio Blanco, Palmer 55, type (with smooth fruit)
in Gray Herb., duplicate (with umbonate fruit) in U. 8. Nat. Herb.,
no. 2572); bluffs of the Rio Grande de Santiago, Pringle 2480; bluffs
of the Barranca de Guadalajara, “a shrub 5 to 10 feet high,” Pringle
9681 (with mature seeds) ; on the road between Bolafios and Guadala-
jara, Rose 8058; near Tequila, Rose € Hough 4741.
LocaL NAMES: Chirimoya de la barranca (Guadalajara, Jalisco) ; Chirimoya
cimarrona (Tequila, Jalisco).
Annona longifiora is very closely
allied to A. cherimola Mill, but is
easily distinguished from that species
by its longer flowers with shorter pe-
duncles and loose floccose hairs about
the base of the corolla (fig. 56), by its
leaves, which are at length glabrate
instead of persistently pubescent be-
tween the lateral nerves, and by its
peculiar seeds, which resemble large
pine nuts rather than the seeds of an
Annona. It was originally described
as a shrub 8 feet high; but specimens
collected from the type locality by Mr.
Cc. G. Pringle grew to the height of
10 feet. About the base of the young
branchlets, where they issue from the
bud, is a collar of soft plushlike pu-
bescence. As in many other species of
the Annonaceae, the lowermost leaves
of the flowering branchlets are smaller
than the succeeding ones, in this spe-
cies often suborbicular; the peduncles
are extra-axillary, usually issuing from
near the base of a branchlet and often
opposite a small suborbicular leaf. The
Bd. 6A long L P stamens and carpels are considerably
an a teuit. eeale 3" rom type saterial in larger than those of A. cherimola; the
U. 8. National Museum, outer petals are strap-shaped rather
than triquetrous, as in the latter spe-
cies, though they usually have a raised median line or keel on the inner surface.
The minute inner petals scarcely exceed the stamens in length and might easily
escape observation.
In the type collection the fruits were immature. They were of two distinct
forms analogous to the umbonate and smooth forms of Annona cherimola and
of A. diversifolia. That in the Gray Herbarium is globose-ovate and “ covered
with flat reticulations,” as described by Doctor Watson. In the National Herba-
rium, however, the fruit of the type collection is conoid and bears numerous
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, 47
umbonate protuberances, as shown in figure 55. Mature seeds collected by
Pringle in the Barranea of Guadalajara in 1902 are very different from
those of Annona cherimola, being truncate or obpyramidal in form without a
caruncle at the base, and having the testa quite smooth and nutlike, thicker
than those of the common edible custard apples and similar in texture to the
seeds of Annona diversifolia. They differ so much from those of all other
species of Annona that they alone would be sufficient to identify this species.
According to Doctor Palmer’s notes, the fruit is edible either raw or cooked.
A sweetmeat is made by boiling it with sugar, together
with the fruit of the tejocote (Crataegus mexicana).
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 25.—From a photograph of a specimen
collected by Rose and Hough in the Barranca of Guadalajara,
State of Jalisco, Mexico (no, 4827), together with seeds from
the same locality collected by Pringle in 1902. Natural size.
Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith.
Anona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz, 49: 453.
1910,
Section lama. A shrub 3 or 4 meters high with pale
green or glaucous foliage; leaves small, subsessile, mem-
pranaceous, glabrous, oblong-elliptical or obovate-oblong,
4 to 5.5 em. long and 2 to 3 cm. broad, rounded or at
least obtuse at the apex and rounded or retuse at the
base, with 7 to 13 prominent lateral nerves on each side
the midrib, minutely reticulate and punctulate with pel-
lucid dots between the nerves; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long;
peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, glabrous, 17 to 27 mm.
long, issuing from a pair of leaflike cordate-orbicular
bracts, or prophylla, at the base of short branchlets and
bearing near the middle a minute lanceolate bracteole
tipped with a floccose tuft of silky hairs; basal bracts
subopposite, unequal, 16 to 24 mm. in diameter, at first
clothed with ferrugineous-silky hairs, at length glabres-
cent, but ciliate along the margin and at the base; calyx
lobes ovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, ferrugineous-villous on the .
outside; outer petals oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or Fic. 56.—Flower of An-
rounded at the apex, thick and fleshy, glabrescent on the %9%@ longiflora. a,
outside, valvate, excavated at the base to include the Stamens carpe
essential parts, cinereous-velvety within, 21 mm. long and _geale 13. a
8 mm. broad; inner petals minute, 2.5 mm. long and 1
mm. broad, pubescent on the outside and bearing the rudiments of two pollen
sacs; receptacle convex or hemispherical, clothed with whitish silky hairs
between the bases of the filaments; stamens numerous, crowded, 2.5 mm. long,
puberulent, with the connective expanding above the pollen sacs into a broad.
puberulent head; carpels 2 mm. long, the ovary clothed with short whitish hairs
and bearing a tapering amber-colored glandular style; fruit not observed.
(PLATE 26.)
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 57958, ex Herb. Donnell Smith,
collected near Viscal, 13 miles north of Guatemala City, 1,110 meters elevation,
June 5, 1909, by Charles C. Deam (no. 6191).
DISTRIBUTION : Guatemala and southern Mexico.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mexico: Tapachula, State of Chiapas, May 7, 1902, Cook & Collins (photo-
graph no. 4005, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Ind.).
GUATEMALA: Type specimen as cited.
48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
\
Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Smith is very closely allied to A. diversifolia
Safford,’ the “ilama” of Colima and Acapulco (figs. 27, 28, pp. 19, 20) ; but it
differs in its shorter-petioled, smaller leaves, its oblong flowers and thicker
peduncles, and its persistently ciliate, smaller bracts or prophylla.
Mr. O. F. Cook, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, while on a mission of agricultural exploration, found this species near
Tapachula, in the State of Chiapas, southern Mexico, in 1902, 7 years before the
type specimen described by Capt. Donnell Smith was collected, and describes it
in his field notes as follows:
“May 8, 1902. There is an Anona with glaucous leaves not infrequent at
Tapachula, State of Chiapas. The smaller leaves or
bracts are, like the bud scales, clothed on the back
with long, silky, brown hairs. The mature petals
are greenish at the base and become yellow in the
distal half; along the margins and on the inside
they are tinged and mottled with pink and deep red
like the flesh of a peach. The clustered apices [con-
nective heads] of the stamens are dull pinkish when
fresh. The pollen lies in the anthers in chains [of
tetrads], two chains in each of the two sacs. The
stigmas have a joint or collar at the base and are
bathed in a transparent fluid [at the time of polli-
nation]. The petals turn dark brown within a few
minutes after being placed in alcohol.”
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 26.—Photograph taken in the
field, at Tapachula, State of Chiapas, Mexico, near the
Guatemala boundary, May 7, 1902, by Mr, Guy N. Collins,
Annona bullata A. Rich.
Anona bullata A. Rich. (in part) Ess. Fl. Cuba
31. 1845. Same in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10:13.
aa pl. 5. 1845.
"hillata, Onenetal annone Section Saxigena. A shrub or tree; new branches
Scale 4. ~. ferrugineous-subtomentose, at length glabrate; older
branches glabrous, grayish or brownish, longitudi-
nally plicate-striate and bearing numerous inconspicuous brownish lenticels;
leaves ovate to oblong-elliptical, acutish, obtuse or rounded, occasionally
retuse, often mucronulate at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, 5 to 9 cm.
long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad, upper surface with the midrib, nerves (12 to 14 on each
side), and reticulating veins impressed, the small areoles formed by the last having
a gibbous or bullate appearance, when young pubescent with short grayish or pale
rufous hairs, at length glabrescent; under surface with the venation elevated
and ferrugineous-pubescent, the ultimate areoles concave, olive green or grayish;
petiole 4 to 6 mm. long, ferrugineous or fulvous-tomentose, grooved above in
continuation of the impressed midrib; peduncles solitary, extra-axillary, often
issuing from very near the base of a new branchlet opposite a small leaf (not
“subterminal” as described, in the specimens examined by me) at least 3 times
the length of the petioles (15 to 18 mm. long), bibracteolate, the bracteoles
squameform, ferrugineous or rufous-tomentose, alternate, one at the base, the
other near the middle of the peduncle; flower buds oblong-pyramidal and sub-
acute; flowers yellowish green when fresh, long and slender, resembling those
of A. cherimola but with the outer linear petals when mature narrower and not
* Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 2: 118. 1912.
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA. 49
triquetrous or keeled within along the distal portion, concave at the base to
receive the essential parts, 25 to 30 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, rufous or
fulvous-tomentose on the outside, grayish tomentulose within and pale rufous-
tomentose at the base; inner petals minute, not exceeding the stamens in
length, rufous-tomentulose; calyx gamosepalous, small, 3-parted, densely fer-
rugineous-tomentose on the outside, the lobes broadly triangular and obtusely
acuminate or cuspidate at the apex; stamens numerous, 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long,
covering the lower half of the ovoid torus, appressed, subarcuate; filaments
broad and flat, 0.45 mm. long and 0.25 mm. broad; pollen sacs linear, 0.8 mm.
long (mature specimens observed), pale straw-colored, parallel and almost con-
tiguous; connective a continuation of the basal filament, broad and flat, termi-
nating in a slightly swollen obtuse velvety straw-colored apex above the pollen
sacs but not expanding beyond them as in A. cherimola
and its close allies; carpels numerous, crowded, dis-
tinct, borne on the upper half of the torus, very similar
to those of A. cherimola and its allies; ovaries about
0.8 mm. long, clothed with long appressed whitish serice-
ous hairs; styles ovoid or oblong, glandular-velvety with
a median groove on the ventral side; fruit spheroid-
cordiform or oblate, small, its component carpels ter-
minating in pointed protuberances, very much as in
umbonate forms of cherimoya fruit, and clothed with
a
a pale rufous or fulvous velvety indument; seeds rela-
tively large, ovoid or oblong, 10 to 14 mm. long, 7 to 9
broad, more or less triquetrous, with a smooth glossy
golden brown testa more or less irregularly pitted and fic. 58.—Hssential parts
a ruminate endosperm as in allied species. (PLATES 27, of flower of Annona bul-
28. Ficures 30, 32, pp. 20, 21; 57, 58.) late. a, Stamens; b,
. carpel ; c, ventral view
Type material in the Delessert Herbarium, collected of style, showing me
at Arcos de Canasi, on the north coast of Cuba, between = dian groove. Scale 13.
Habana and Matanzas.
DisTRIBUTION: Island of Cuba, Provinces of La Habana, Matanzas, and
Santa Clara.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Cusa: Province of Huvana, (definite locality not stated,) 1831, Ramon de
la Sagra 556 (type collection), in Herb. De Candolle, ex Herb. Deles-
sert); Province of Matanzas, without definite locality, 1865, Wright
827 (U. S. Nat. Herb.) ; Province of Santa Clara, palm barren, Santa
Clara, 1912, Britton & Cowell 13829 (U. S. Nat. Herb.).
The specimens collected by Ramon de la Sagra included only immature
flowers (‘in alabastro unico a me observato.” A. Richard). These were
nearly all detached from the branches, from which the leaves had also sepa-
rated, as seen in the specimens in the De Candolle Herbarium as cited. The
leaves agree in shape and texture with the specimens collected by Wright in
the Province of Matanzas, here figured, except that several of the latter are
more distinctly mucronulate than any of the leaves of the type. The normally
shaped ones, growing on the upper portions of the branches, shown in figure 30
(p. 20), are distinctly oblong, and not suborbicular as in the closely allied A.
crassivenia of Almacigos (fig. 31, p. 20), which has hitherto been confused
with this species. From the camera lucida drawings of the essential parts
(fig. 58) it will be seen that the mature stamens of Annona bullata are broader,
thinner, and flatter, the hairy carpels more slender, and the (ovoid) terminal
50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
styles more pointed than Richard’s figures of the corresponding organs would
indicate, while plate 27 shows that the flowers are not subterminal as originally
described, but issue normally from the base of the branchlets, and that the
mature petals are almost flat and rounded at the apex, instead of subtriquetrous
and subacute. The indument of the peduncle and calyx is ferrugineous or deep
cinnamon color, while that of the outer petals is composed of much finer hairs
and is pale rufous or fulvous.
Richard is quite right in recognizing the relation of this species to Annona
cherimola, but, for the reasons assigned in describing the section Saxigena, it
seems advisable to place this and A. crassivenia in a special section.
This species, on account of the aromatic properties of the wood, is called
“laurel.” The leaves are eaten by horses and cattle and the fruit by pigs. The
latter is described as hard and sour and unfit for the table. The pubescence of
its surface is fulvous rather than ferrugineous. Its seeds are remarkable for
the bright golden, smooth, waxlike surface of their thin testa. They are in-
closed when fresh by a thin membranous aril and are surrounded by scant pulp.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 27, 28,—PI. 27, photograph of Britton & Cowell’s no. 13329,
U. 8. Nat. Herb, Natural size. Pl, 28, photograph of Wright's no. 827, U. 8S. Nat. Herb.,
exactly similar to type specimens collected by Ramon de la Sagra in Herb. De Candolle.
Annona crassivenia Safford, sp. nov.
Anona bullata Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 2. 1866, not A. Rich.
Section Saxigena. A small tree; branches slender, densely ferrugineous-
tomentose when young, at length glabrate, grayish brown, longitudinally plicate-
striate and bearing inconspicuous brownish lenticels; leaves
orbicular or broadly ovate, rounded or retuse at the apex
and rounded at the base, 5.5 to 7.8 em. long and 4.5 to 7 cm.
broad, when young pubescent above and clothed beneath with
thick ferrugineous tomentum, at length sparsely pubescent
or glabrate above, the midrib and lateral nerves impressed
and persistently ferrugineous-tomentose beneath, with re-
Fig. 59.—Stamens ™arkable raised subparallel veins between the prominent
of Annonacrassi- lateral nerves and midrib inclosing concave reticulate areoles;
venia, Showing lateral nerves 9 to 11 on each side; petioles 4 to 5 mm. long,
eran gente grooved above, densely and persistently ferrugineous-tomen-
13. tose; peduncles solitary, extra-axillary on the young branch-
lets, 10 to 18 mm. long, persistently ferrugineous-tomentose
and bearing a tomentose bracteole at the base; flowers resembling those of
Annona cherimola, “dull greenish” when fresh; calyx small, about 4 mm.
in diameter, gamosepalous, subtriangular, with the points obtusely acuminate
or cuspidate; petals 6, the outer linear, tapering gradually toward the subacute
apex, 24 mm. long and 4 mm. broad at the base, triquetrous or keeled within
along the median line to the apex, hollowed at the base to receive the essential
parts, clothed on the outside with a pale rufous or fulvous tomentum, lighter
colored and finer than that of the calyx, grayish-tomentulose within; inner
petals minute, not exceeding the stamens in length, rufous-tomentulose and
keeled on the outside; torus convex; stamens numerous, about 1.38 mm. long;
filaments brown, tapering to the base; pollen sacs 0.85 mm. long, contiguous,
whitish, surmounted by the rounded apex of the connective, the latter not
equal to the two pollen sacs in breadth; carpels numerous, closely crowded into
a pyramidal gynecium, the ovaries about equal in length to the pollen sacs
and densely clothed with long straight white ascending hairs; style ovoid or
oblong, tapering to an obtuse stigmatic point with a median ventral suture;
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, 51
fruit broadly ovoid or subglobose, 4.3 cm. long and 4.1 cm. broad in the (imma-
ture) type specimen, its surface ferrugineous-tomentose or cinnamon-colored,
the carpels terminating in low obtuse protuberances; seeds numerous (in type
specimen), very closely crowded, obovate or oblong, compressed, about 11 mm.
long and 6 mm. broad, with a thin tan-colored testa. (PLATES 29, 30. FIGURE
59.)
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Los Almacigos, Province of Pinar
del Rio, near the western extremity of the island of Cuba, July 26, 1862, by
©. Wright (no. 1845); duplicates in the Géttingen Herbarium and the De
Candolle Herbarium.
DISTRIBUTION: Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Cusa: Type specimen as cited and duplicate of type in Herb. De Candolle;
near Herradura, Van Hermann in Herb. Fr. Leon, Habana, Cuba
(tracings of leaves and fruit).
Annona crassivenia is closely related to A. bullata A. Rich. but differs
from it as set forth in the discussion under that species. The latter has the
upper normal leaves ovate or ovate-oblong and often mucronulate as shown in
figure 30, while the leaves of the present species are normally orbicular or nearly
so, with thicker and denser
reticulations between the
secondary nerves, as shown
in figure 31. The flowers of
both species resemble those
of the section Atta, but differ
from them in having the ter-
minal point of the stamen-
connectives less broadly ex-
panded, approaching more
closely to the form of the
connectives of the group
Annonellae.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 29,
30.—PI. 29, photograph of type,
showing remarkable venation of
lower surface of the leaves. Pl.
30, leaves and bud of duplicate
of type in De Candollie Herba-
rium, and fruit of type in Gray
Herbarium, All natural size.
Annona cascarilloides
Wright.
Annona cascarilloides C.
Wright in Griseb. Cat.
=>
—
pt EP tae
pest
S|
i cceteienteanit
Pl. Cub. 2. 1866. Fic. 60.—Flower of Annona cascarilloides. One petal
Section Annonula. A removed. a, Carpel; b, stamen. Flower, scale 4;
branching shrub 2 meters a, b, scale 13.
high; young branchlets,
petioles, and peduncles ferrugineous, appressed-hirtellous; leaves small, subses-
sile, approximate, oblong-linear, mucronulate, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or acute
at the base, the margins revolute, glabrous above, the midrib deeply impressed,
sparsely pubescent beneath with scattered ferrugineous hairs, at length glaucous
and glabrescent with the prominent midrib densely covered with persistent
appressed bright ferrugineous or cinnamon-colored hairs like those on the young
branchlets and petioles, 37 to 25 mm. long and 8 to 6 mm. broad; lateral nerves
52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
13 to 15 on each side, almost at right angles to the midrib, forking dichotomously
before reaching the margin; peduncles solitary, subterminal on short lateral
branchlets, 5 to 7 mm. long; flower buds obclavate or obpyriform; calyx lobes
triangular, 2.4 mm. long and 2.4 mm. broad at the base, clothed with ferrugin-
eous appressed hairs on the outside; outer petals thick, valvate, broadly ovate
and long-acuminate, hollowed at the base to cover the essential parts, the long
tapering distal portion triquetrous and terminating in a rounded or acutish apex,
ferrugineous-puberulent on the outside, glabrous within, 12 to 20 mm. long and
6 to 7 mm. broad at the base; inner petals entirely absent in flowers of type
material; torus convex, glabrous between the bases of the filaments; stamens
numerous, 1.6 mm. long, the two linear pollen sacs contiguous, the apex of
the connective above them not broadly expanded but similar
in form to that of the stamens in the section Annonella;
carpels equal in length to the stamens, closely appressed to
form a conical gynecium; ovaries covered with appressed
pale rufous hairs and bearing at their apex a fleshy tapering
style; fruit spheroid, 3 to 3.5 cm. in diameter, glabrescent,
thin-skinned, neither squamose nor tuberculate, but the areoles
corresponding to the individual carpels gibbous (in the dry
fruit) ; mature peduncle slender, the calyx persistent; seeds
obovate-oblong, laterally somewhat compressed and marginate
on one side, 12 to 16 mm. long and 8 mm. broad (in type
specimen), the thin testa more or less wrinkled and glossy
Fig. 61.—Leaf of brown as though varnished; pulp soft. (PuLatEe 31. Ficures
Annonacascaril- 60, 61.)
loides. Lower Type in the Géttingen Herbarium, collected at Paredones
soa ce Nat- de San José, in the Province of Pinar dei Rio, near the west-
° ern extremity of the island of Cuba, in flower, June 10, in
fruit, August 14, 1862, by C. Wright (no. 1848). Duplicates in the Gray and
De Candolle herbaria.
DISTRIBUTION : Western Cuba.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
CusBa: Province of Pinar del Rio, Paredones de San José, C. Wright 1848
(type collection, Gray and De Candolle herbaria).
LocaL NAMES: Anoncillo de Paredon; Anoncillo de Sabana (Province of Pinar
del Rio).
Annona cascarilloides owes its specific name to ‘the resemblance of the vena-
tion of its leaves (fig. 61) to that of the leaves of certain species of the genus
Cascarilla. The flowers were said in the original description to resemble those
of the genus Rollinia, but this statement is quite misleading (see fig. 60).
They appear to be intermediate in form between the flowers of Annona
cherimola and those of A. globifiora. In their swollen base and slender apex
they are not unlike the flowers of A. acutiflora Mart. of Brazil, but the latter
have conspicuous inner petals, and these are quite lacking in the specimens of
A, cascarilloides examined. The fruit, which is about as large as a plum, is
devoid of protuberances or stigmatic scars.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 31,—Photograph of type material in the De Candolle Herbarium,
showing leaves, flowers, and fruit, the latter distorted by compression. Natural size.
Annona sclerophylla Safford, sp. nov.
Section Annonula. A shrub 2 or 3 meters high with short crowded branch-
lets and rigid approximate aromatic leaves; young branchlets and peduncles
densely and shortly ferrugineous-tomentose; leaves thick-petioled, at first coria-
ceous, at length rigid, oblong-linear with the midrib deeply impressed above
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA. 53
and prominent beneath and the margins revolute, usually rounded and often
apiculate at the apex, commonly rounded at the base, 3 to 5.5 em. long, 8 to
11 mm. broad, glabrous and glossy above with the surface convex on each side
of the midrib and covered with areoles formed by the reticulate veins between
the lateral nerves, these 16 to 18 on each side, at right angles to the midrib and
decurved toward the petiole; lower surface densely
and persistently fulvous-tomentulose, the feltlike in-
dument more or less concealing the venation on each
side the prominent midrib, the latter at length gla-
brescent and longitudinally striate, never ferrugineous-
hirtellous as in Annona cascarilloides ; petioles 3.5 mm.
long, 1.5 to 2 mm. thick, grooved above and persist-
ently rufous-tomentulose; peduncles extra-axillary,
often subterminal on short lateral branches, solitary,
1-flowered, 5 to 13 mm. long, minutely ferrugineous-
tomentose and bearing one or two small ovate brac-
teoles near the base; flower buds (young ones only
observed) rufous-tomentose or fulvous- tomentose,
oblong-pyramidal, obtuse or rounded at the apex,
little swollen at the base, 6 to 9 mm. long; calyx
cup-shaped, gamosepalous, 3-lobed, the lobes broadly
ovate, acute or obtuse, clothed on the outside with
ferrugineous tomentum like that of the peduncle;
petals 3, valvate, thick, triquetrous, clothed on the
outside with rufous or fulvous tomentulum, excavated
at the base to receive the essential parts, the cavity
lined with fine tomentulum; torus convex; stamens
numerous (those of immature flowers only observed)
1 mm. long, their connectives terminating in a some-
what expanded apex above the pollen sacs, but not
broadly capitate or hooded as in the section Atta:
carpels about equal in length to the stamens, closely
crowded to form a cone-shaped gynecium; ovary Pia. 62.—Flower of Annone
clothed with appressed rufous hairs; style fleshy, sel erophylla. Bud with
slender, tapering; fruit not observed. (Piate 32, one petal removed. a, Sta-
FIGURES 33, p. 21; 62.) mens; b, carpel. From
Type in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical type specimen, Mower,
95 scale 4; a, b, scale 13.
Garden, collected on the “Loma Menquira (Mayari?),
a short distance south of the Bay of Nipe, Province of Oriente, near the eastern
extremity of Cuba, February 2, 1910, by J. A. Shafer (no. 38796).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
CuBa: Type material as cited.
This species was found growing in the form of a much branching shrub, about
8 feet high, at an elevation of about 680 to 1,000 meters above sea level in thin
soil. The aromatic, brittle leaves have very much the flavor of nutmeg and bear
a resemblance to those of Annona cascarilloides of western Cuba. However,
they are covered beneath with persistent fulvous feltlike tomentulum and are
devoid of the bright-ferrugineous hairs which occur on the midrib and lower
surface in the latter species, while the lateral nerves are peculiar and differ
from those of all other known species of the genus in curving backward or
downward toward the petiole, as shown in figure 33.
BXPLANATON OF PLaTE 32,.—Photograph of the type specimen. Natural size,
\
ee
54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Annona globiflora Schlecht.
Anona globifiora Schlecht. Linnea 10: 235, 1836.
Annona fruticosa Moc. & Sessé, Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 184. 1894.
Section Annonella. A shrub 1 to 2 meters high with a spreading bushy habit
of growth; leaves thin-membranaceous, punctate, deep green above, paler be-
neath; new branchlets rufous-pilose, at length glabrate, and finally plicate-striate,
brown, dotted with very small inconspicuous pale brown lenticels; leaves
oblong-lanceolate to oblong-elliptical, 4 to 9 cm. long and 15 to 20 mm. broad,
with 7 to 9 lateral nerves on each side, usually obtuse or rounded but some-
times acute at the apex, acute at the base, the leaves near the base of the
branchlets smaller and relatively broader than the others, sometimes ovate or
even orbicular, as in many other Annonaceae, the margins slightly revolute,
glabrate above and sparsely puberulent beneath;
petioles about 3 mm. long, clothed like the midrib
beneath and the peduncles with appressed ferru-
gineous hairs scarcely apparent to the naked eye;
peduncles in pairs or solitary, extra-axillary, often
opposite a leaf, 1-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long, with two
small hirtellous bracteoles, one at the base and one
near the middle; flower buds globose, 7 to 8 mm. in
diameter; calyx lobes triangular, hirtellous with ap-
pressed ferrugineous hairs on the outside; torus
convex or subconoid; stamens numerous, 1.5 mm.
long, the connective thickened at the apex, but not
dilated into a hoodlike covering above the pollen
sacs; carpels almost equal to the stamens in length,
the ovaries appressed-pilose, surmounted by taper-
F1c. 63.—Flower of Annona pointed velvety styles with a median ventral stig-
globiflora. Budwithone matic groove, becoming suffused with a viscous fluid
petal ve erpe ' Oe at the time of pollination and soon afterwards drop-
scale 4: a, b,c, scale13. Ping off in a coherent mass; fruit small, spheroid or
broadly conoid, 8 or 4 cm. in diameter, its surface
muricate, or mamillate with stout salient nipple-like points, the integument
glabrous and minutely granular, no distinct lines marking the areoles formed by
the individual carpels; seeds unsymmetrically obovate, somewhat compressed.
and marginate, about 12 mm. long and 6 mm. broad, with a swollen caruncle at
base and with a golden brown thin glossy testa more or less wrinkled by the
inclosed ruminate albumen; pulp scanty, edible. (PLatTre 33. Figure 63.)
Type collected near the Hacienda de la Laguna, a short distance south of
Jalapa, State of Veracruz, Mexico, August 29, 1828, by J. Schiede (no. 298).
DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, eastern subtropical region of the States of San Luis
Potosi, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
MEXICO:
Veracruz: Type specimen, as cited; Zacuapan, Purpus, 2443.
San Luis Potosi: Las Canoas, Pringle 3796; Palmer 224.
TAMAULIPAS: Victoria, Nelson 6666 (in fruit) ; Palmer 55 (in flower), 489.
LCAL NAMES: Anonita de papagayos (Hspinal) ; Anonilla (Veracruz) ; Chiri-
moya cimarrona (Huasteca region of San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas).
In its low bushy habit this species is quite distinct from all other Mexican
Annonas. Its closest allies are the recently discovered Annona bicolor Urban
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA,
55
and A. rosei Safford of the island of Hispaniola, from both of which it differs
decidedly in the character of its leaves.
American Rollinia emarginata in their texture and venation.
The small globose flowers are no larger than chick-peas (gar-
banzos). In the type specimens, as described by Schlechtendal,
more or less imperfect minute inner petals were present, but
in the specimens examined by the present writer no inner petals
were observed. It is quite probable, however, that they are
sometimes present, as in Annona rosei.
Annona globiflora was first collected the latter part of the
18th century near the village of Espinal, in the State of Vera-
cruz, by Mocifio, and it was described under the name Annona
fruticosa in Mocifio & Sesse’s Flora Mexicana. This work,
however, remained in manuscript for nearly a century, and the
description was not published until 1894, as above cited. The
name Annona globiflora, very appropriately applied to it by
Schlechtendal in 18386, must therefore take precedence. Mocifio
These resemble those of the South
Fig. 64.—F lower
of Annona bDi-
color. Budwith
one petal re-
moved. From
duplicate type
in U. S. Na-
tional Herba-
rium. Scale 2.
states that the muricate fruit is about as large as a plum, and translates the
common name “ anonita de papagayos” as “little custard apple of the parrots.”
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 33.—Photograph of leaves, flowers, and fruit collected near
Victoria, in the State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, the flowers by Dr. Edward Palmer, the fruit
by E. W. Nelson.
Annona bicolor Urban.
Anona bicolor Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 2238. 1912,
Anona avillifiora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 642. 1825, not A.? avilliflora DC. Prodr.
1: 86, 1824.
Section Annonella. A shrub or small tree; young branches slender, minutely
subappressed-pilose or hirtellous, at length glabrate, terete, densely plicate-
striate when dry, grayish brown, conspicuously dotted with pale grayish lenti-
cels; leaves with petioles 3 to 7 mm. long, variable in shape,
a those at the base of the branchlets, as in many other Annonaceae,
smaller and relatively broader than the succeeding ones, orbicular
or suborbicular, rounded or emarginate at the apex, 1.5 to 3 cm.
long by 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, the succeeding ones ovate to ovate-
t elliptical, rounded or obtuse at the base and often abruptly de-
current on the petiole, 8 to 7 cm. long by 2 to 5 cm. broad, in
Fic. 65.—(a) Vernation glabrous above and ferrugineous-tomentulose beneath,
Stamenand at length glabrescent beneath with the nerves minutely fulvous-
(b)carpelof pilose or hirtellous, on both faces reticulate between the nerves,
Annona bi-
color. Scale
beneath pale greenish gray and densely clothed with very minute
(as seen beneath the microscope); flowers very
13. tomentulum
small, in pairs or solitary, on short hirtellous peduncles not
exceeding the petioles in length, issuing from the base of the young branchlets
and subtended by two minute triangular pilose bracteoles; flower buds sub-
globose-triangular, often obtusely acuminate, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter; calyx
lobes broadly triangular, soon reflexed, 1.5 mm. long, ferrugineous-hirtellous;
petals 3, fleshy, semiorbicular-triangular, sometimes obtusely acuminate at the
apex, 5 mm. long and about 5 mm. broad, clothed on the outside with short
appressed rufous hairs; stamens numerous, in 8 or 4 series, 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long,
the linear pollen sacs borne on the back of a thick, fleshy connective, this obtuse
or rounded at the apex, but not expanding into a hoodlike cap above the pollen
sacs; carpels numerous, forming a broadly pyramidal gynecium; ovaries
11419°—14——_5
56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
minutely rufous-pilose, with a single ovule at the base and a fleshy taper-pointed
style at the apex; fruit (hitherto undescribed) subglobose or very broadly ovate
and depressed at the base, with an axial length of 3.5 to 4 cm. and a diameter
of 4 to 4.5 cm., glabrous, with the component carpels somewhat gibbous but not
outlined by distinct areoles; seeds remarkable for their smooth polished black
or dark brown testa, unsymmetrically obovate-oblong, often apiculate, distinctly
marginate, and with a swollen caruncle at the base, somewhat compressed, 12
to 16 mm. long and 8 to 9 mm. broad. (PLATE 34. Ficures 64, 65.)
Type in the herbarium of the Royal Botanical Museum, Berlin (without
fruit) collected near Barahona, south coast of Santo Domingo, near the Haitian
frontier, in April, 1911, by Rev. Miguel Fuertes (no. 258).
DISTRIBUTION: Santo Domingo.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Santo Dominco: Duplicate of type; same locality and collector, fruits,
September, 1912 (both U. 8. Nat. Herb.).
LocaAL NAME: Guanabanita (Barahona, Santo Domingo).
The closest ally of Annona bicolor is Annona globiflora Schlecht. of eastern
Mexico. From this species it differs in its thicker, broader, coriaceous leaves,
its smoother black-seeded fruits, and its pointed flower buds. A specimen of
the type collection in the United States National Herbarium bearing the label
“Anona avillifiora Spr.?” was recognized as a new species by the writer, who
communicated the fact to Professor Urban, asking that Father Fuertes be re-
quested to secure fruit from the type specimen, in order that the description
of the species might be completed. Professor Urban replied that he had already
“published the new Anona of Santo Domingo as A. bicolor in Symb. Antill. VIL.
(June, 1912), p. 223.—Fuertes no. 258,” and added that he had not seen fruits.
Fruits of the type plant were afterwards received by the writer directly from
Padre Fuertes, who described them as of a green color on the exterior when
fresh and cream color in the interior. “The fruit,” he added, “smells like
some of the other Anonaceae and keeps the characteristic odor of the family.
The leaves and wood are fragrant, and I do not doubt but that they would yield
a good [aromatic] extract.”
The species was previously collected in 1819 to 1820 by Carlos Bertero on
the island of Hispaniola, and was referred by Sprengel to Annona awilli-
flora DC., but the latter is a Guiana plant with much longer peduncles, as
Professor Urban has already pointed out. From figure 64, showing a flower
bud with one petal removed, and figure 65, showing a stamen and carpel, it
will be seen at a glance that the present species is closely allied to the Mexican
A. globifilora Schlecht., the type of the section Annonella. The recent discovery
by Dr. J. N. Rose of another species of this section on the island of Santo
Domingo, not very far from the type locality of A. UVicolor is interesting.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 34.—Photograph of duplicate of type in U. 8S, National Her-
barium, together with fruit and seeds. Natural size,
Annona rosei Safford, sp. nov.
Section Annonella. A shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, with straight
erect stems, slender ascending branches, and willow-like foliage; young
branches subappressed ferrugineous pilose, at length becoming reddish brown
or grayish, plicate-striate, bearing many conspicuous whitish lenticels; leaves
oblong-lanceolate, the margins revolute, obtuse or rounded at the base and
gradually tapering to a very acute apex; those at the base of branchlets fre-
quently rounded or retuse at the apex and shorter than the succeeding ones; nor-
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA. 57
mal leaves 5 to 9 cm. long by 1.6 to 2 cm. broad with 12 to 18 lateral nerves on
each side forming an acute angle with the midrib and curving gently upward,
membranaceous, the parenchyma reticulate, punctulate, deep green and glabrous
above with the midrib impressed, dull green and sparsely pubescent beneath,
with the prominent midrib and lateral nerves ferrugineous-lirtellous; petioles
grooved above, 3 to 4 mm. long, clothed like the new branchlets with sub-
appressed ferrugineous hairs; peduncles solitary, extra-axillary, short and
slender, nodding or recurved, about 4 mm. long, minutely appressed ferru-
gineous hirtellous, with a small ovate bracteole below the middle and a second
at the base, these like the calyx appressed ferrugineous hirtellous; flower
buds broadly ovate-conoid, rounded at the apex, 9 to 10 mm. in diameter. and
9 mm. high; calyx small, ferrugineous-hirtellous, with 3 broadly ovate lobes,
at first appressed, at length recurved at the apex; outer petals very thick,
valvate, triquetrous, hollowed at the base to receive the essential parts, finely
ferrugineous-pubescent on the outside, 9 mm. long and 7.5 mm. broad; inner
petals normally scalelike, not exceeding the stamens in
length; not infrequently one of them abnormally en-
larged, thrusting itself between two of the outer petals
and ferrugineous-pubescent on the outside like them;
torus convex, clothed with whitish hairs between the
bases of the filaments; stamens numerous, 2 mm. long,
in 3 or 4 series, with the fleshy incurved connective ter-
minating in an obtuse apex less than the two pollen sacs
in width, not expanded into a hoodlike covering above
the pollen sacs; carpels distinct, about equal to the sta- ° °
mens in length, crowded into a conical gynecium, the MiG. Shower’ of ah parts
ovary with appressed whitish or pale rufous hairs on rosei, a, Stamens; 3,
each side and at the base, the median portion more or carpels. Scale 13.
less glabrous and minutely granular as seen under the
microscope in fresh specimens) ; styles tapering to a fleshy point, with a median
groove on the ventral side; fruit not observed. (PLatTes 35-37. Ficure 66.)
Type in the United States National Herbarium, no. 703452, collected at Azua,
southern coast of Santo Domingo, March 20, 1913, by Dr. J. N. Rose (no. 4038).
Growing in dry, rocky situations, associated with Cactaceae and other xerophi-
lous plants.
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality.
According to Doctor Rose’s field notes, Annona rosei is a bush or small tree
from 6 to 20 feet in height. It was found mostly on the banks of a stream and
adjacent low hills, in association with Agaves, Opuntias, and Acacias, the exact
type locality being about 3 miles above the town of Azua along the little stream
which is the source of its water supply. Azua is located in a great cactus
desert on the leeward or southern side of the island and is probably one of the
driest parts of Santo Domingo, the annual rainfall of the region being about 8
inches. Doctor Rose spent about ten days at Azua, collecting in all directions
and looking out especially for Annonaceae, but the present species was seen only
on this one occasion; not many individuals were observed, and these were in-
cluded within the radius of a mile. Fortunately it was in bloom, and Doctor
Rose collected fully developed flowers which were preserved in formalin.
Though normally having three fleshy thick outer petals and three small scale-
like inner ones, both the dry herbarium material and the flowers in formalin
58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
include specimens in which one of the inner petals is abnormally enlarged and
is wedged between two of the outer petals, as shown in plate 36.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 35-37,—P1. 35, photograph of type plant taken in the field
by P. G. Russell, of the U. S. National Herbarium. PI. 36, flowers. a, Unopened bud;
b, nearly mature normal bud with one petal removed, showing details; c, bud, showing
abnormally enlarged inner petal forcing itself between two outer petals; a, b, c, scale 5.
Pl. 37, branches, leaves, and solitary flowers. Natural size,
PLANTS ORIGINALLY DESCRIBED UNDER ANNONA BUT GENER-
ICALLY DISTINCT.
ROLLINIA, DUGUETIA, AND RAIMONDIA, GENERA ALREADY
ESTABLISHED.
Among the plants originally described under the generic name
Annona several were found to differ so radically from the type of
that genus that it became necessary to place them in distinct genera.
Among the related genera are Rollinia and Duguetia, established
in 1825 by Augustin de St. Hilaire, and Raimondia, recently estab-
lished by the present author.
ROLLINIA St. Hil.
Rollinia was named in honor of the French historian Charles Rollin. Its type
is Rollinia longifolia St. Hil. discovered by St. Hilaire on the Lagoa de Fretas,
near Rio de Janeiro (pl. 38). The plants included in this genus do not differ
trom those of Annona in their essential parts nor in their fruits, but they have
a peculiar gamopetalous corolla, the parts of which corresponding to the outer
petals of the Annonas are developed into three obtuse wings or spurs, which
leave only a very small-opening above the essential parts. This genus includes
the following species, originally referred to Annona.
Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.
Anona mucosa Jacq. Obs. Bot, 16. 1764, excel. syn, Rumph.
Anona obtusiflora De Tussac, Fl. Antill. 1: 191. pl. 28. 1808,
Rollinia sieberi A. DC. Mém. Soc, Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 5: 199. 1832.
Rollinia mucosa Baill. Adansonia 8: 268. 1868.
A small tree with the habit of Annona reticulata L.; young branches puberu-
lous, at length glabrate, dark brown, longitudinally plicate with inconspicuous
lighter brown lenticels; leaves ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate at the apex
or sometimes obtuse, rounded or acute at the base, usually 12.5 to 15 cm. long
and 5 to 6.5 cm. broad, at first sparsely pubescent above and fulvous sericeous
pilose beneath, at length glabrate above except along the impressed midrib
and lateral nerves (about 14 on each side), these pilose above and more
densely so beneath with appressed rufous hairs; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long,
grooved above, clothed with rufous hairs when young, at length glabrate or
nearly so; smaller and relatively broader obtuse ovate leaves near the base of
the flowering branches; peduncles solitary, extra-axillary, usually opposite a
leaf, 1-flowered, 2 to 38 cm. long, clothed with minute appressed rufous hairs
C
'TI, Bras. Merid. 1: 29. pl. 5. 1825,
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, 59
and bearing 2 ovate bracteoles, one at the base, the other near the middle;
calyx 3-lobed, the divisions subtriangular or broadly ovate, acute or acuminate,
clothed with minute fulvous hairs; corolla gamopetalous, composed of 3 large
lobes corresponding to the outer petals of an Annona flower and 3 minute lobes
alternating with them, corresponding to the inner petals and opposite the
calyx lobes; outer lobes widely diverging but not curved backward, about 15
mm. long, hollow and sacklike and closed nearly to the base, leaving only a
narrow opening above the essential parts, the edges slightly overlapping the
margins of the minute inner lobes; outer surface of the corolla densely
fulvous-tomentulose; torus convex, covered with long fulvous hairs; stamens
numerous, crowded, 1.1 mm. long, resembling those of an Annona, with the
connective expanded at the apex into a flat process covering the two parallel
pollen sacs, the latter dehiscing extrorsely by a median fissure; carpels numer-
ous, about 1 mm. long, distinct but closely crowded
into a convex gynoecium, the 1-ovuled ovaries covered
with straight ascending hairs and terminating in an
abruptly expanded flat style; fruit (syncarpium) re-
sembling that of an Annona, subglobose, large, areo-
late, the areoles gibbous or wartlike, but not muricate
nor papillose, more or less hexagonal in shape with a
the dividing lines raised; pulp fleshy, white or whitish, nO) sarah teeta and
mucilaginous, sweet, edible; seeds obovoid, 18 to 20 cosa. Scale 13.
mm. long by 12 to 14 mm. broad, somewhat com-
pressed and with a caruncle at the base; testa thin, brown; endosperm wrinkled
like that of other Annonaceae. (PLATE 39. Figure 67.)
TYPE LOCALITY: Martinique.
DISTRIBUTION: Growing spontaneously and rarely cultivated in the West
Indies, Tropical Mexico, and very probably northern South America.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
MARTINIQUE: Hauteurs du Précheur et du Fond Canonville, 1881, Pére
Duss 1045 (U.S. Nat. Herb.).
GUADELOUPE: Camp Jacob, “ petit arbre, rare, cultivaté ci et 14 pour ses
fruits, fl. en février, mars, et avril,” Pére Duss 3059 (U. S. Nat. Herb.,
with flower and fruit).
ISLAND OF TRINIDAD: Without definite locality, Herb. Bot. Gardens Trinidad,
no. 2774 (two sheets in Herb. John Donnell Smith).
Porto Rico: Prope Adjuntas, in sylva montis Galsa, Sintenis 4170.
LocaL NAMES; Cachiman morveux, Cachiman montague (French Antilles) ;
Anona babosa, Zambo (tropical Mexico).
Rollinia mucosa is a species with large edible fruit, but this not equal in
flavor to that of the chirimoya or sugar apple. It was first described by
Jacquin from specimens of plants growing wild and sometimes cultivated on the
Island of Martinique; and afterwards, under the name of Anona obtusiflora,
by Tussae from a specimen growing in an orchard at the western extremity of
the Island of Hayti. It is possible that more than one species is included by
authors under this specific name and that wild plants with smaller flowers and
inedible fruit have been erroneously referred to the species. The accompany-
ing figure shows that the lobes of the corolla are widely diverging but with an
upward curve. Other closely related species in Central America, with geminate
instead of solitary flowers, decurved corolla lobes, and small fruit with seeds
very much smaller than those of A. mucosa have been referred to the latter
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 38, 39.—PI. 38, type specimen, Reproduced from St. Hilaire.
Pl. 39, flower, fruit, and seed. Drawing by Theodore Bolton from Pére Duss 3059, as
cited. Natural size.
60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
species or to its synonym &. sieberi A. DC. It is fortunate that the type lo-
ealities of the plants described under the names Anona mucosa, A. obtusifiora,
and Rollinia sieberi, all of them West Indian, are definitely known, so that
specimens from the same localities can be carefully compared. It must be borne
in mind that the fruits of Rollinia are even more important than the flowers and
leaves in the identification of species, as in the case of Anona reticulata and A.
squamosa, species which can be distinguished from each other only with diffi-
culty without specimens of the fruit.
Very closely related to Rollinia mucosa are R. orthopetala A. DC., from
British Guiana, and R. pulchrinervia A. DC., from French Guiana, Delicious
fruits grown at Miami, Florida, from seed received from Paré, Brazil, have
been transmitted to Mr. David Fairchild, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, at
Washington, under the name R. orthopetala. But the flowers of R. orthopetala
(which have never been figured) are described as having their corolla lobes
erect and incurved, while those of the Miami plants have their lobes widely di-
verging and decurved toward the peduncle, agreeing in this respect with the
description of the flowers of R. pul-
chrinervia, which is said in the original
description to be very closely allied to
R. orthopetala, as both of them are also
said to be to R. sieberi of Trinidad.
DUGUETIA St. Hil.
Duguetia was dedicated to the ven-
erable Abbé Jacob Joseph Duguet, who,
in his stupendous “ Ouvrage des Six
Jours (1731), wrote elegantly concern-
ing the wonders of the vegetable king-
dom.” The type of this genus is Du-
guetia lanceolata St. Hil,’ a plant
growing in meadows at a place called
Sumidouro, not far from the Villa do
um 68.—Fruit of Duguetia lanceclata. 1, Principe. The fruit in this genus
tached; oy ase of torus fiom wien sta, (1-68) differs from that of the genus
mens have fallen; 0, upper segment of Annona in being composed of dis-
torus, showing alveolate surface; 2, de- tinctly woody carpels set in sockets or
tached carpel, Reproduced from St. cavities on the hardened torus or gy-
Hilaire. nophore, instead of forming a solid
synearpium by the fusion of the carpels. In the type specimen of the genus the
flowers were lacking, but these were afterwards found to differ from the flowers
of Annona in having the petals imbricate instead of valvate in aestivation. Fur-
ther, the indument of the lower surface of the leaves, petioles, and peduncles in
this genus is scurfy and stellate-pilose, while in Annona the hairs are simple or
sometimes fascicled in clusters of 2 to 6. It proved afterwards that Anona fur-
furacea St. Hil. (figs. 69, 70), described and figured in the same work in which
it was published, had to be included in the genus Duguetia. Many species have
since been added to this genus, all of which appear to have the new parts clothed
with stellate pubescence or tomentum.
Duguetia was regarded by Baillon as a synonym of Aublet’s Aberemoa, and
Robert E. Fries transferred all the species of Duguetia known to him to this
4 ‘2
"Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 35. pl. 7. 1825.
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, ; 61
genus;’* but Aublet’s figure of Aberemoa guianensis (fig. 71), on which the
genus was based, represents the carpels as pediceled and ovate, very much like
those of certain species of Guatteria,
while the leaf, as figured by Aublet, does
not appear to be that of a true Duguetia.
The type locality of Aberemoa guianensis
(“ Habitat in sylvis remotis sinemarien-
sibus”) is not indicated with precision.
Flowers were lacking in the type ma-
terial and there is no specimen identified
with certainty as Aberemoa guianensis
in any herbarium, nor has its flower ever
been described. An imperfect specimen
in the herbarium of the Museum of Paris
of a plant collected by Perrotet and
Poiteau was regarded as a variety gla-
brescens of Aublet’s species by Sagot, who
calls attention to the fact that Aublet’s
type, with tomentose branchlets and
slightly tomentose leaves, is absent from
the herbaria of Paris, and characterizes
it as “rara et pulcherrima planta nondum
bene nota, insignis foliis maximis, fructu
Fic. 69.—Flower of Duguetia furfuracea.
Reproduced from St. Hilaire.
carnoso, carpidiis incomplete coalitis; videtur Anonae affinis.’? It is thus
doubtful if Aublet’s Aberemoa and St. Hilaire’s Duguetia are congeneric, and
Fic. 70.—Flower of Duguetia furfuracea, with essential
parts. 1, Open flower; 2, vertical section through the
andrecium or gynecium; 3, stamen, dorsal view; 4,
ripe seed. Reproduced from St. Hilaire.
the latter generic name
should, therefore, be re-
tained.
RAIMONDIA Safford.’
Raimondia was named in
honor of the eminent geog-
rapher and naturalist An-
tonio Raimondi. Its type
species is Raimondia mon-
oica Safford* from the Cor-
dillera Central of Colombia.
The fruit in this genus is
a solid fleshy syncarpium
very much as in Annona,
but the flowers are monece-
cious and the stamens dif-
fer radically from those of
both Annona and Rollinia
in being devoid of the char-
acteristic terminal swollen heads above the pollen sacs at the tips of the con-
nectives. To this genus must now be transferred the following species:
1Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 34°:19. 1900.
? Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 2:1386. 1880.
*Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 217. pl. 52, 53. 1913.
* Loe. cit., 218.
62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Raimondia quinduensis (H. B. K.) Safford.
Anona quinduensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 60. 1821.
Annona conica Ruiz & Pav.; Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 88, 1831.2
A tree with alternate pendulous branches; branchlets terete, rugulose, glab-
rous, the younger ones pubescent with simple hairs; leaves alternate, lanceolate-
oblong, acuminate at both ends, entire, reticulate-veined, the midrib and lateral
nerves (8 to 11 on each side) prominent beneath, thin and membranaceous, at
length subcoriaceous, above glabrous and smooth, beneath clothed with scattered
ia
Sie
srl
Nt
iN
em as
ew
eS
at
Fia. 71.—Aberemoa guianensis, 1, Cluster of carpels; 2, a single pedicellate carpel; 3,
seed; 4, endosperm, Scale, 3. Reproduced from Aublet.
minute appressed and longitudinally adnate simple hairs or quite glabrous,
pellucid-punctulate, 10:to 22 cm. long by 2 to 6.6 em. broad, the younger ones
more or less pubescent with ferrugineous appressed hairs, especially on the
nerves and midrib; petioles 6 to 10 mm. long, grooved above, puberulous; in-
florescence extra-axillary or subterminal, composed of 1 to 5 long-pediceled
unisexual flowers borne on peculiar specilized flowering branchlets, solitary or
in 2’s or 3’s, invested with small imbricating amplexicaul scabrous distichous
bracteoles clothed with ferrugineous hairs; pedicels 1-flowered, filiform, 8 to 12
*Don cites “Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. [Chil.] 5: pl. 490,” a volume hitherto
unpublished.
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA. 63
mm. long, ferrugineous-hirtellous, with a bracteole a little below the middle
and another at the base; bracteoles small, ovate-lanceolate, ferrugineous-hirtel-
lous; flowers (staminate only observed) 6-petaled, the 3 exterior petals ovate-
lanceolate to linear, ferrugineous-sericeous on the outside, 8 to 22 mm. long;
inner petals much smaller, ovate, acute, 3 to 4 mm. long, connivent over the
andreecium, at length with their margins revolute; torus conoid; andrecium
composed of many closely crowded stamens 0.6 to 0.7 mm. long, the filament
about equal in length to the pollen sacs, minutely appressed-puberulent, the con-
nective not expanded above the pollen sacs nor swollen at the apex but termi-
nating in a few minute hairs; pistillate flowers not observed; fruit bacciform,
of the size of an apricot, with its surface
scarcely reticulate; seeds about 20 to 25,
ovoid-trigonal, olivaceous-brown, 8 mm.
long. (PrLate 40. Figure 72.)
Type collected by Humboldt and Bon-
pland. “Crescit in Andibus Quinduen-
sibus, alt. 1,200 hex.,” Province of New
xrenada (Colombia).
DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the
type locality and from Copo, in the Andes
of Bogota, altitude 1,000—2,000 meters.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
CoLoMBIA: Copo, Andes of Bogota,
Triana (Herb. De Candolle).
Ecuapor: “ In Huayaquil, 1800,” Ruiz
(Berlin Herb., type of Annona
conica Ruiz & Pav.).
LocaL NAMES; Anon cimarron (Tocaimo
and Copo, Colombia).
The close affinity of this plant with
Raimondia monoica Safford is apparent
on comparing the two species; yet the two
differ widely in the indument and shape
of the leaves and in the size and form of Fia, 72.—Raimondia quinduensis. a, In-
the flowers and fruit. Both species occur florescence ; 6, staminate flower, show-
in the Andes of Colombia, and in both the 128 inner petals; c, stamens; c’, sta-
flowers are unisexual. The identity of An- ee lateral view. “, Natural size; b,
scale 3; c, c’, scale 20.
nona conica Ruiz & Pay. with Raimondia
quinduensis was proved conclusively by a careful study of type material of that
species from the Berlin Herbarium, collected at Guayaquil by Ruiz in 1800.
Allied to the present species, also, is the plant described by Martius as Annona
tenuiflora.” It has similarly a few fine hairs at the apex of the connective, and
its peculiar stamens show that it can not possibly be included in the genus
Annona. It differs, however, from the genus Raimondia as defined by the author
in the form of its flowers, in which the inner and outer petals are subequal.
The fruit of this species is desired.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 40,—Photograph of specimen in the De Candolle herbarium as
cited. Natural size.
* Fl. Bras. 13*: 10. pl. 3. 18,
64. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
FUSAEA AND GEANTHEMUM, NEW GENERA.
One noteworthy plant which has been placed under Duguetia
must undoubtedly be removed from that genus. It was originally
described (1775) by Aublet under the name Annona longifolia; but
Baillon, notwithstanding the fact that the carpels become solidified
into a fleshy syncarpium instead of remaining discrete, as in Dugue-
tia, that the hairs of the indument clothing its new growth are simple
instead of stellate, and that the stamens are radically different from
those of the latter genus, placed this plant in the genus Duguetia,
under the name D. longifolia, setting it apart, however, from the
rest of the genus under the sectional name Fusaea. That it is not
congeneric with the plants of the genus Duguetia is so evident that
the present writer does not hesitate to raise Baillon’s section to the
dignity of a genus, which must also include Annona rhombipetala
Ruiz & Pav.
Another plant which must receive generic distinction is Anona
rhizantha Eichl2 This species, though resembling Duguetia in its
stellate-hairy and scurfy indument and in the discrete carpels of its
fruit, differs radically from it as well as from Annona in its peculiar
stamens, which closely resemble those of the genus Raimondia, in
being devoid of an expanded head or swelling at the tip of the con-
nective above the pollen sacs. From Raimondia it is separated by
the character of its fruit as well as by its indument and the much
greater development of the inner petals of its corolla. This plant
was placed in the genus Aberemoa (Duguetia) by Robert E. F ries,
who set it apart from the rest of the genus under the sectional name
Geanthemum. From the peculiarities above noted, however, it is
evident that it cannot be included in the genus and the present writer
feels compelled to raise Fries’s section to generic dignity.
FUSAEA (Baill.) Safford, gen. nov.
Duguetia, section Fusaea Baill. Adansonia 8: 326. 1868.
Stem subsarmentose, branching, the younger parts, including petioles and
peduncles, clothed with simple hairs; flowers perfect; calyx relatively large,
8-parted, the lobes sometimes separate nearly to the base, sometimes united for
a great part of their length and irregularly torn in anthesis (Sagot) ; leaves
alternate, entire; flowers (fig. 73) perfect; petals large, sericeous-pilose, all
imbricate, ovate-spatulate, the inner ones somewhat larger than the outer;
outer row of stamens sterile, converted into small obovate imbricated petaloid
appendages surrounding the androecium; inner stamens fertile, with the con-
nectives dilated at the apex over the pollen sacs; fruit (synearpium) globose,
1 Adansonia 8 : 327. 1868.
2 Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 2: 820. pl. 11. 1883.
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA. 65
smooth, areolate, composed of many carpels fused together in a solid mass;
seeds small, surounded by edible pulp.
Type species, Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Safford.
The distinctive characters of the
type of this genus were first noted by
Baillon, who pointed out that its fruit
(fig. 74), instead of being composed
(as in Duguetia of distinct woody
ecarpels, inserted in cavities in the
hardened torus, is a solid mass, “une
véritable boule de bois, sans asperités
de la surface rappelant la presence
de ses nombreux carpelles;” and that
the outer stamens are modified into
“lamelles pétaloides, imbriquées,
longuement obovées;”* and Robert BH.
Fries, who followed Baillon in regard-
ing Fusaea as the section of a genus
(Aberemoa), says that “this section
departs in so many respects from the j.,, 72__mower of Fueaea longifolia. Show-
remaining ones, that it should perhaps ing petaloid outer stamens. Reproduced
be regarded as a special genus,” and from Baillon.
that in its fruit it bears a great re-
semblance to the genus Annona. The synonomy, which the elevation of this
section to generic rank entails, and a brief description are as follows:
Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Safford.
Annona longifolia Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 615. pl. 248. 1775.
Duguetia longifolia Baill, Adansonia 8: 827. 1868.
Aberemoa longifolia Baill. Hist, Pl. 1: 205. f. 2338-235. 1868.
A tree or shrub ; leaves very short-petioled,
oblong-lanceolate (25 cm. long and 8 em.
broad), obtuse or shortly tapering at the
base, long-acuminate at the apex, above
smooth, with midrib and nerves impressed,
below the latter very prominent, sparsely
hairy; flowers extra-axillary, long-pedun-
cled, solitary or in pairs; peduncles bearing
one or two bracteoles; calyx gamosepalous,
deeply 3-lobed, the lobes ovate-acute, ferru-
gineous-hirtellous on the outside; corolla
broad, widely spreading; petals 6, in 2 rows,
purplish, imbricate, sericeous-pilose, ovate-
spathulate or oblong with the apices ob-
tusely cuneate, the inner somewhat longer
and narrower than the outer; stamens nu-
merous, the outer sterile, petaloid, imbri-
cated, the inner perfect, with the tips of the
connectives expanded above the pollen sacs
as in the typical Annonas; fruit about the
size of an orange, globose, smooth, areolate
but without protuberances; seeds small surrounded by a red edible pleasantly
flavored pulp. (Ficures 73, 74.).
Fia. 74.—Concrete fruit of Fusaea longt-
folia, Reproduced from Baillon.
* Baill. op. cit. page 326.
66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type collected by Aublet on the banks of the Crique des Galbis, French
Guiana, in the month of May.
DISTRIBUTION: Rather frequent in the forests of French Guiana, but difficult
to collect (Sagot).
“This tree,’ says Aublet, “is called Pinaioua by the Garipons and the
Galibis [Caribs]. They eat the fruit with delight, and it is of very good
flavor.”
GEANTHEMUM Safford, gen. nov.
Aberemoa, section Geanthemum R. FB. Fries, Vet. Akad. Hand]. Stockholm 34°:
24. 1900.
Arborescent, the younger parts clothed with stellate-lepidote indument; in-
florescence for the most part issuing from slender subterranean branches;
flowers hermaphrodite, 1 to sev-
eral borne on a common peduncle
or lateral branchlet bearing many
small scalelike bracts; calyx 3-
parted, stellate-lepidote on the out-
side; corolla 6-petaled in 2 series,
the outer petals open in estivation,
the inner ones imbricate; stamens
all fertile, their connectives not
swollen, produced, nor dilated
above the two short sessile pollen
sacs; pistils (ecarpels) free in the
flower, the ovary with a single
basal ovule, as in Annona, the
style terminating in an incurved,
acuminate or linear, glabrous
stigma; fruit composed of closely
crowded but distinct carpels, easily
separable, as in the genus Du-
guetia; seeds resembling those of
Annona. (PLATE 41.)
Type species, Geanthemum rhi-
zanthum (Hichl.) Safford.
This genus resembles Raimondin
in the form of its stamens, but
differs from it in having bisexual
flowers, fruit with easily separable
carpels, and a stellate-lepidote in-
dument. In the two latter features |
it resembles Duguetia, but it differs radically from that genus and from Annona
in its peculiar stamens. In this genus are included the following two species:
Geanthemum rhizanthum (Eichl.) Safford.
Anona rhizantha Hichl. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 2: 320, pl. 11. 1883.
Aberemoa rhizantha R. BE. Fries, Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 34°: 24. 1900,
Duguetia rhizantha Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense 5: 356. 1908.
Type collected near Cascadura, in the mountainous region of Serra da Bica,
Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in January, 1882, by Gustavus Peckolt.
Fia. 75.—Uvaria sessilis. Inflorescence, stamens,
and fruit. After Velloso. Scale 4.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 41.—Reproduction of drawings of type after Eichler. 1, Trunk
with rootlike flowering branches; 2, leaf; 3, diagram of flower; 4, inflorescence; 5, in-
florescence branchlet, showing distichous bracteole scars; 6, longitudinal section through
SAFFORD—CLASSIFICATION OF ANNONA, 67
the flower, showing gynecium, torus with stamens, base of a petal (p), and a sepal (s) ;
7, petals from within; a, outer petal; b, inner petal with excavated base; 8, a, stamen
dorsal view, showing two pollen sacs; b, stamen, ventral view; 9, fruit; 10, same in
cross section, showing ruminate albumen of seeds. Fig. 1, much reduced; fig. 2, scale
45 figs. 3, 5, 6, scale 3; figs. 4, 7, 9, 10, natural size; fig. 8, scale about 6.
Geanthemum cadavericum (Huber) Safford.
Duguetia cadaverica Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense 5: 356. 1908.
Type collected in the moist primeval forests between the rivers Cumand-
mirim and Ariramba, December 18, 1906, by A. Ducke (no. 7995).
Closely allied to these two species and probably congeneric with them is a
plant described and figured by Velloso under the name of Uvaria sessilis*
(fig. 75), which Martius erroneously regarded as a synonym of his Duguetia
bracteosa. If the two species were identical, the specific name of Velloso would
take precedence. As seen in Velloso’s figure, however, both the leaves and flowers
of his plant bear a close resemblance to those of Geanthemum rhizanthum and
apparently represent a closely allied form. The fruit of Duguetia bracteosa has
never been figured, but it is described by Martius as equal in size to the nut of
Juglans regia, globose, with about 30 to 40 pentagonal obovate carpels, mucro-
nate with the persistent style, and of a scarlet to brownish color. The type
locality of D. bracteosa is the primeval forests of the Province of Bahia, near
St. George of the Islands. The flowering branch of a plant in the Museum of
St. Petersburg identified as Duguetia bracteosa, collected by Riedel at Castel-
novo, Province of Bahia (no, 493), and figured by Robert E. Fries,’ shows the
inflorescence bearing large, persistent, sessile, ovate bracts which are absent
from Velloso’s figure of Uvaria sessilis. Martius was then, in all probability,
mistaken in regarding the latter species as identical with the former, the fruit
of which is described as being subtended by a persistent involucre.
ADDENDUM.
Annona praetermissa Fawc. & Rendle.
Annona praetermissa Fawe. & Rendle, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 52: 74. 1914.
Anona jamaicensis Sprague (in part), Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 701. 1905.
Annona jamaicensis Safford (in part), Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 274. pl.
99, 1913.
Type collected on Craig Hill, near Gordon Town, St. Andrew Parish, Ja-
maica, June, 1902, by W. Fawcett.
Under the name Annona jamaicensis at least two species have been included,
growing wild in the mountains of Jamaica. Annona jamaicensis, based upon
Annona sericea Griseb. (not Dunal), was described by Sprague from specimens
collected (1) by William Purdie, in 1844, near Bath, at the eastern extremity
of the island; (2) by William Thomas March, who lived at Spanish Town
(nos. 4, 7, 1571, without definite locality, collected in 1849-50); (3) by Alex-
ander Prior, who collected in the Blue Mountains, in the eastern portion of
Jamaica, and in the vicinity of Moneague, near the central part of the island
north of the dividing ridge (locality not cited). Of these specimens it is
probably Prior’s which Grisebach referred to Annona sericea, since duplicates
of Prior’s collections were in Grisebach’s Herbarium. This is the plant fig-
ured by the writer in volume 16 of the Contributions, plate 98, with subglobose
flower bud.
1 Fl. Flum. 238. 1825. Atlas 5: pl. 125. 1827,
? Arkiv Bot. 54: pl. 1. f. 6, 1905,
68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A second species, with obpyriform or pyramidal, acuminate flower buds and
long, narrow petals, figured by the writer under the name Annona jamaicensis,
as cited in the above synonymy, has recently been described by Fawcett and
Rendle as Annona praetermissa. The specimen from which the figure was
drawn was received by the writer from its collector, Mr. William Harris, who
found it growing on Sheldon Road, St. Andrew, at an altitude of 750 meters,
September 10, 1897 (no. 6861). It was distributed under the name of “A.
jamaicensis Sprague.” Its single flower differed greatly from that of A.
jamaicensis as described by Sprague and as observed on Prior’s specimen in
the Gray Herbarium. This led the writer to ask for further material, in a
letter to Mr. Harris, dated November 29, 1912, in which he made the follow-
ing notes and queries:
Annona jamaicensis, as described by Sprague (A. sericea Griseb. non Dun.),
has ovate petals 11 to 12 mm. long and 8 mm. broad, while in the specimen
collected by you the flower has quite a different shape, with linear-oblong
petals 23 mm. long and 6 mm. broad. The fruit of your specimen and also
the seeds are larger than those described by Sprague. * * * The cotype of
A. jamaicensis in the Gray Herbarium has a single globose flower, like that
shown in the accompanying figure. Can it be that specimens seen by Sprague
had only immature flowers; or is it possible that there are two similar wild
Annonas growing in the mountains of Jamaica, one with globose buds and
broadly ovate petals, the other with elongate buds like those of A. reticulata
and linear-oblong, or broadly linear petals? * * *
Mr. Harris had at this time no further material available; but on October 18,
1913, he sent a number of fine specimens with abundance of flowers, both imma-
ture and mature (collected June 25, 1913, near Petersfield, St. Andrew, no.
11,648). This new material showed by the acuminate, pyramidal or obpyri-
form buds that it represented a species distinct from Annona jamaicensis, but
it was too late to make any changes in the writer’s paper on “Annona sericea
and its allies.’ The writer then sent a photograph of Alexander Prior’s speci-
men of A. jamaicensis to Mr. Harris,’ and once more called his attention to the
marked difference between it and the specimens collected by Mr. Harris. In
a letter dated December 19, 1913, Mr. Harris acknowledged the receipt of the
photograph and conceded it to be quite possible that the specimen represents
another species.
Annona praetermissa may be properly called the ‘wild chirimoya of Jamaica.”
It must not only be separated from A. jamaicensis, but it must take its place
with A. cherimola Mill., A. longiflora S. Wats., and their allies in the section
Atta. It is described as having 3-petaled flowers, but like A. cherimola it has
in addition to the three outer elongated petals three minute inner petals, ovate
in shape, not exceeding half the length of a stamen, and clothed with tomen-
tum. These are so small that they can be seen only with the aid of a lens;
so that it is not strange that, like those of the chirimoya (first described as
Annona tripetala), they should have escaped observation. The close affinity of
this species with A. cherimola Mill. is shown by its flowers, fruit, and leaves.
As in the latter species, the flowers never open widely. They are solitary or
geminate and are extra-axillary or leaf-opposed. The fruit is distinctly areo-
late, resembling that variety of chirimoya in which the areoles are concave;
and each areole bears a mammiform tubercle slightly incurved or hooked at the
tip. The leaves, persistently pubescent beneath, are often relatively narrower
than those of a typical chirimoya leaf, and are chiefly to be distinguished by
the reddish brown midrib and lateral nerves which are conspicuously con-
trasted with the dull greenish color of the remainder of the lower surface.
1 See loc. cit. pl. 98,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 18. PLATE 1.
ANNONA MURICATA L.
ntr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 2,
A. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF ANNONA PURPUREA Moc. & SESSE.
B. REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF ANNONA PURPUREA Moc. & SESSE.
PLATE 3.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
“OVAOVIN YNVLNOW VNONNY JO WNIODNAY) “| VLIVOIHNW VNONNY JO WNIDDNAS
| Vv
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 4.
ANNONA GLABRA L., THE ALLIGATOR APPLE.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PvLaTe 5,
B. FRuit OF ANNONA DIVERSIFOLIA SAFFORD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 6.
FLOWERS OF ANNONA MONTANA MACFAD., FROM PoRTO RICO.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 7.
ata
E
SOLITARY FRUIT AND LEAVES OF ANNONA MONTANA MACFAD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 8.
A. GEMINATE FRUIT OF ANNONA MONTANA MACFAD., FROM PORTO RICO.
B. FRUIT OF ANNONA SPHAEROCARPA SPLITG., FROM PARIMARIBO, SURINAM.
18, PLATE 9.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol.
YOUNG FRUIT AND FLOWER OF ANNONA MARCGRAVII MART., FROM VENEZUELA.
PLATE 10.
Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
VENEZUELA.
FRUIT OF ANNONA MARCGRAVII MART., FROM
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 11.
TYPE SPECIMEN OF ANNONA SALZMANNI A. DC.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18 PLATE 12.
YOUNG FLOWERS AND LEAVES OF ANNONA PURPUREA Moc. & SESSE, FROM COSTA RICA.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 13.
ANNONA PURPUREA Moc. & SESSE, WITH MATURE FLOWER, FROM VENEZUELA.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 14.
FRuIT OF ANNONA PURPUREA Moc. & SESSE, FROM PANAMA.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 15.
ANNONA INVOLUCRATA BAILL.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 16.
BRANCH OF ANNONA INVOLUCRATA BAILL., SHOWING FLORAL INVOLUCRE.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 18, PLATE 17.
ANNONA PALUDOSA AUBL.
Contr. Nat Herb., Vol, 18. PLATE 18.
A. ANNONA CORNIFOLIA ST. HIL.
B. ANNONA PALUDOSA AUBL,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 19.
ANNONA JAHNIL SAFFORD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 20.
ANNONA CORNIFOLIA ST. HIL., WITH SOLITARY FLOWER.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 21.
ANNONA NUTANS R, E. FRIES.
Contr. Nat. Herb , Vol, 18, PLATE 22.
ANNONA ACUTIFLORA MaRrT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, PLATE 23.
ANNONA LUTESCENS SAFFORD.
PLATE 24.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
ANNONA PALMERI SAFFORD.
PLATE 25.
Nat. Herb., Vol. 18
Contr.
Warts.
ANNONA LONGIFLORA S,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 18. PLATE 26.
ANNONA MACROPROPHYLLATA DONN. SMITH.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18 PLATE o7.
rgeey,
be gs.
ANNONA BULLATA A. RICH.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 28.
ANNONA BULLATA A. RICH., WITH FRUIT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 29.
ANNONA CRASSIVENIA SAFFORD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 30.
ANNONA CRASSIVENIA SAFFORD, WITH FRUIT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 31.
ANNONA CASCARILLOIDES WRIGHT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 32.
ANNONA SCLEROPHYLLA SAFFORD.
Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 33.
"alana ae +
ANNONA GLOBIFLORA SCHLECHT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, PLATE 34.
ANNONA BICOLOR URBAN.
PLATE 35.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
ANNONA ROSE! SAFFCRD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 36.
FLOWERS OF ANNONA ROSEI SAFFORD, ENLARGED.
PLATE 37.
18,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol.
ANNONA ROSEI| SAFFORD.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 38.
ROLLINIA LONGIFOLIA ST. HIL.
PLATE 39.
Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
ROLLINIA MUCOSA (JACQ.) BAILL.
PLATE 40.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
RAIMONDIA QUINDUENSIS (H. B. K.) SAFFORD.
PLATE 41.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
GEANTHEMUM RHIZANTHUM (EICHL.) SAFFORD.
INDEX.
[Page numbers of principal entries in boldface type.
Page.
Aberemoa........-..2-----2--2--2eeeee 60, 61, 64, 65
guianensis.....................22.-0eeeee 61
glabrescens.........-.0.2.202eseeeee: 61
longifolia. .... 22.02. ce eee e eee e eee eee eee 65
oo 66
Acacias........0000022 2. eee eee cee ee eee eee 57
Acutiflorae (group)............2.22.ceeeeeees 14
(S€CtION) 0.0.2... 20 e eee eee eee eee eee 14, 16
ABAVES.. 0. cee eee cee cence eee eees 57
Alagadisso....................-- Lene eeeeeeeee 39
Alligator apple. ..........-......--ee eee ee eee 15, 43
Annona........ 7, 13, 21, 36, 46, 47, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66
AcuMINAtA.... 2... ee eee ee eee eee 2
acutiflora...........22-- 222 e eee eee 15,40,52
10) (i) (0) 22, 55,56
bullata.......2222.2 2222. e eee eee eee 48,50, 51
eascarilloides..............2..-.. 4, 21, 61,52, 53
COFCOCArPA.... 2.2.2.2 eee eee ee eee cence 4
cherimola........ 10, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 68
CT 62, 63
Coriacea.. 2-2... eee cece ee nee eee 8,29
cornifolia...............-......- 2,4, 5, 13,87,39
crassiflora... 2.2.2.0 20 222. c eee eee ee eee 9,10
crassivenia................2.2..0-- 20, 49,50,51
crotonifolia......... 2.2.20... 222. eee eeeee 12
distribution. ................2.00222200-- 4
diversifolia............2........- 4, 19,31, 47,48
dwarf wild......2.2. 20222200 eee ee 19
echinata.........2.2...2222.2022 2222-2 e ee 37
fagifolia......... 2222.2 eee eee eee 13
Fruticosa. 2.2... cece cece ween ec cncaccnce 54, 55
glabra............... 3,4, 5, 8,14, 15, 24, 30, 42, 43
Glatica. 1... ee eee eee eee eee eee 4,5
globiflora..................-- 21, 45, 52, 64,55, 56
holosericea....-..... 22-2. -eee cece eee e eee 3,12
hypoglauica........2....2.. 200-202. e eee 12
involucrata.............22.2..020- ence eee 9,32
jahnii...... 22.202. eee eee eee 86
jamaicensis ...............--.....-- 67,67,68,68
jenmanii..........2.......2..202.22260- 3, 11,34
klainii... 2.22.2... ee eee eee 4,5, 15
laurentii... 2.2... cee een eeeee 5
longiflora.............-..-...- 4,19, 43,45,46, 68
longifolia... 0.2... cece cee eee eee ween 5, 64
longipes...........-0....-. 222.22 e eee eee 12
lutescens............--2.--2--2-0-02- 19, 41,43
MACTOCATPA... 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 10
macroprophyllata..................... 20, 47,48
malmeana............-.2-.22.22202200e 12
manirote .................22-200 222 cence 32,33
MANNE . 0. eee eee eee ee eee 5
marcgravii..... 22... .. 22.2 eee eee eee 8, 25,27
montana,....--........ec eee e eee 3,7, 22,25, 27
muricata . 1,3,4,7, 8,14, 22, 23, 24, 25,25,26, 30,31
MUTICHLE ©... eee eee eee eee ence eee 25
nutams .... 0.0.2... eee eee eee eee 2,3,4,5,13,3¢
palmeri .......2..22. 22.0. 2-0- eee ee ee 19, 43, 45
Synonyms in italics.]
Page.
Annona paludosa...............-..-.- 9,11, 12,34
palustris... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 5, 14, 23,30
Dittieri.. 2.22.2. eee ee eee wee 18
practermissa..........ceccceeeseecees 19,67, 68
purpurea........ 3,4, 9, 10, 11, 30,31, 32, 33, 36, °
PYLMA32A. ee eee ee ee eee ee
quindwensis... 2... cece eee eee eens .. 3
reticule.ta..................-4. 4,19, 42, 43, 58, 68
TRIZANENG 2... ee eee ene eee . 5
rhombijretala. .. 2.2... 22... e eee eee ee eee . 64
rodriguesii..... 2.2.2.2... 22. e eee eee eeeee 10
6 5) , 22, 55, 66,57
salzmaini-.. 2.2.2... eee ee eee cee eee 8,29
Sancta-2Tucis .. 2.2.2.2 2 eee eee eee eee eee 12
scandens... 2.2.22... 200. eee eee eee ee eeee 12
scleroderma... 2.22.22... eee e eee eee eee 4,18
scleropliylla...........2.... 202222 eee eee 21,52
senegalansis..............-.-----2-0e 4,5, 8,14
S€T1C@A.. 2.22.22. 2 2. eee eee eee eee 12, 67, 68,68
sessiliflora.........2...2.2-222-2-022--000- 6
sphaerccarpa.... 2.2.2... eee ee ee eee ee 8, 24,25
Spinesos.......... 2.222 e eee ee eee eee 13,39
SPINESCUNS NUIANS... 2-2. ee ee ee eee eenaee 39
squamosa..............0202 0.2020 e ee 2,4, 42, 43,45
stenopliylla..............2222 22 eee eee ee 4,8
subdiv:sions..............0... eee ee ee eee 1
tenuiflora.... 22.222 e eee 63
testuditea..... 22.2... ee eee eee ee 18
tomentosa.._. 2.222222. eee eee eee eee 12
tripetala.... 2.22.22. e eee eee 68
walkeri... 2.2.2.0 e eee ee cee eee eee 13
AMMOMAS 0.4... 2-02 22 eee eee eee eee 20
Awarl ......0.2 220 eee eee eee ee eee 21
sharp-jctaled .............0. 2222 eee eee 14
Silky .......-2..2. 2222. c eee eee eee eee 9
Amnonacea3.........--.2...---6- 28, 54, 55, 56, 57,59
Annonella of Santo Domingo................ 2
Annonella (section) .................-. 21,52, 55, 56
Annonellaé (group)..............-2.-2-2-00- 21
Annonula ‘section).................-2-.--e0e 21,51
Anon cimarron...........-.-..0-0eeee seeeees 63
ae 15, 48
OTL as 40
awvilliflora... 2.20.20. occ ee ee eee 55, 56, 65
a - 48,50
cascariiloides ...... 22.2202. .eece eee eee 51
Cornifol id... 6-22-22. ee eee cece cece eee 37,39
Furfuraeed.......... eee wneecccececacae 60
Lk ee 15
dnvoluc Gta... 2.6.2. ccc eee cece eacee 32
jamaicensis.......... 2200002022200. 2 2222 67
maniroie...... wee eee we eee names ssncceenn 30
MOTCGTUVI oe eee 25, 26,27
MONLANG .. 2... eee ee eee 22
TE 58, 59, 60
MUTICUID.. 2... ee eee eee 32
ST Lt 58, 59
xi
Page.
Anona pisonis.... 2... 200.0 s cece eee ce ee eeeee 26
Ds 82
PUTPUTED... 22.2. ee eee ee eee eee 30
quinduensis.......2.2.2.-2--2222 eee ee eee 62
rhizantha.. 2.22... 2. eee eee eee 64, 66
Anona amarilla ...........20....2.....22-... 19, 43
Anonastrum (section)........-.-..---..----- 4
Anoncillo de Paredon..............-.-.----- 52
Anoncillo de Sabana.......................- 52
Anonidium.............-... coc eecceecceeeces 5
Amonilla.... 2... cece ee ce cece cece eee 45, 54
Anonita de papagayos.............2-...2..-. 65
AratichW apé............0 220 eee eee eee eee eee 8, 26
docampo............... 22-22-2222 eee 29,39
dos lisOS............-2-0- 0-0 ce cece eee eee 29
1 40
Mirim,.........0. 2.2.2.0 22 eee eee eee eee 39
i 40
of the plains..............-.....--2.----- 29
ponhé...............0..00 222. e eee eee 8, 26,27
Atractanthus (section).....................- 15,16
Atta (section). .............0...22.- 18, 41, 43, 45, 51
Attae (group)...... 0.0.20... 2.22 e eee eee eee 16
(SECEION) . 2-21. eee eee cee cece eee ee ences 16
Bosch-zuurzak...-. 2.22.22. 02.22.22 eee eee eee 8, 25
Bullock’s heart.....................---.--- 4,19, 43
Caa-Apoam .... 2... eee eee eee eee 41
Cabeza de ilama.....................--2..205 3l
de megro..........-2. 222. eee eee eee eee 9,10,31
Cachiman montagne.................-.-.-6-- 59
MOrveuxX........22 2 ee eee eee eee 59
Cactaceae... 2... eee ee eee eee ee eee 57
Chelonocarpus (section). .................- 9,16,18
Cherimola....................---..-- 4,16
Cherimoliae (subsection)... ........-...-.----- 16
Cherimoya. See Chirimoya.
Chick-peas...-....-...-2-22.--2 222-222 ee sees 55
Chincua.............. 200 ee eee eee eee eee 31
Chirimoya..........-.-.........- 19, 20, 40, 49, 59, 68
cimarrona.......... 2.2.2.2 e eee ee eee eee 55
de la barranca...........0.2.. 20-02. eens 46
long-flowered...........2....2022..-02-00- 19
wild, of Jamaica..............2........2. 68
Corkwood.........-.-...-- 22-22-2222 eee eee 14
Corossol batard................... 0222-2 e eee 23
Salvage ......---------. wee eee eee ee eee 35
Corossolier b&tard..................-..002005 24
MATON... 1... ee eee 24
Crataegus mexicana..............-..2..2000- 47
Custard apple. ......2..2.. 22... e eee ee eee 18,47
COMMON... 2... eee ee eee ee eee eee 18,19
hard-shelled...................2.22-22020- 18
little, of the parrots...................... 55
Custard apples.............----..-20-2-eeeee 16
Duguetia...........0.........00. 58, 60,61, 64, 65, 66
bracteosa ......... 2... .2222 22 eee nee 67
furfuracea.. 2.2... eee eee eee ee 61
lanceolata.............-... 2-0. e eee eee ee 60
longifolia... 2.2... .2- 222 e eee e cece eee eee 64, 65
rhizantha .......... wee ee eee cence eee enee 66
Dwarf Annonas ............2..--0-. ec ceeeeee 21
ANONA. 2... eee ee eee eee eee 45
Euannona (section)...........-. 7,8, 9, 22, 25, 28, 30
Fritillaria. ..............2.022- 202 e eee eeeee 27
eee cc eee ee ee eee eens 64
longifolia. ...........02..22 22222 e eee 65
(section)... ...0....-ee ee eee cece cece eee 64, 65
Gamopetalum (section) ..................--- 13,37
Garbanzos...... wegen cece cece eee geccceceee 55
INDEX.
Page.
Geanthemum .. .._.......----------------- 64,66
cadavericum ..._........-.-------------- 67
Geanthemum rhizanthum ........-...-...-. 66,67
(section) .... 2.2222 - ee eee ee cece eee eee eee 64, 66
Guandébana .............2--- eee eee eee wee 26
Guanabani (group) .............eeeseeeeee 6,7,9,11
Guanabané (section). ..........-.----------++- 8
Guandbano cimarron...........-.-.-------+. 24
Guanabanus...-. 2.2.2... eee ee ee eee e eee eee 26
Guatteria.... 2... eee eee e cence eee enecees 6,61
SesSiliflora .... 22... cceecce cece cncenensces 6
Guimamé. ...... 2.0.2... e cece ee eee ee eeeeees 35
Hard-shelled custard apple...........seacees 18
Helenium............. 2c. sesccecnccececnccee 27
Helogenia (section). .........ceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 11,34
Tlama....... ween cence nec neccccccccccencus 19,31, 48
de Tehuantepec. .........ceeseceennsces 31
0) 0 19
Juglans regia. .......ccece cence eee eeeeeeeees 67
Laurel... 2... ee cence eee ee eee nent eeeeeeee 50
de cuabal........0.-ececeeescceecsceeeees 21
Mamirito.... 22... cece ence ene w ee neceeencnes 37
Manirote. . 2.2... e eee eee e ween eeeeens 10,31, 32,37
Mountain Soursop..........ceeceeesseeeeenes
Negro head..........ccececececceceeseeeeene- 10,31
Oblongiflorae (subsection) .....ceccesececesese- 16
Old woman’s head ..............cseceeeeecee 31
Opumntias. ... 0.2... cece ce neceeecweecceeeeees 57
Phelloxylon (section)...........seeeesee- 8,9,14,16
Pilaeflorae (group).-..--.-.-.----------- ee 9,10
Pilannona (section)..............-------- 12,13, 36
Pine nuts... .....cccccccccnccccnncsconccess= 46
Pinaioua.. 2... 2. eee ence ence e eee ee enn eeneees 66
Pinus cembra....-....2ceeecececceeeereeeee- 46
Pomme-cannelle..........cccecccaccccccsnces 18
Prickly apple... 22... eee cece cece eee e eee 24
Psammogenia (section)........0.eeeeeeeseees 8,30
Raimondia........ 22... e wees 5, 18, 58, 61,63, 64
MONOICH. ... eee eee cece eee ee esenne 61, 62, 63
Quinduensis........cceceseewceneccevcres 62,63
Rastinga. . 2.2.2... ccc ece ces ccecesnscceenenes 41
Restinga.......ccceee cece ce ece sec eeeceenenee 41
Rollimia.... 2. eww ence eee neeceneeeeeces 13, 58,61
emarginata.......cccccccncccccccececeees 55
longifolia... 2.22. ce ecew eee ence encecneeee 58
TNUCOSA. .. eee cece eee e cece een ees 5, 58,59, 60
orthopetala..... 2... ee eee cence eee eee 60
pulchrinervia.... 2.2... cece eee eee eee 60
(0) 0): es 58, 60
Slilvatica.... 22... eee ee ee eee eee eee e eee 5
Salzmannia..........-.-..--------- eee ee eee 29
Saxigena (section) ........eeeeeeeeeeeenee 20,48, 50
SONCUYS.. 2... ecw ween eect eee esc e ence eee ol
Sharp-petaled Annona ..........2.-eee------ 14
Bilky AMMONAS.. 2.2... . ccc cece wee eweeee eens 9
Soncolla..... 2... cece eee eee eee eee ween nes 31
SONCOVA.. 2... eee eee eee ee eee eee cere eee eee 31
SOUrSOP. .. 2.2 eee ee eee eee ewe e eee reece ee eees 26,28
Wild... 2... cece eee eee eee eee e eee 8, 24, 25, 26, 28
SOUrSOPS . oo ee neen nen wenn en nce enn eeewececens 6,9
Sugar apple... 22... eee eee ene newton eee 59
Tejocote. ... 2.0... ee ee eee eee ee nee ween eeeeene 47
0 0) ot) et a 31
Ulocarpus (section)...-.-...------------..eee 9,11
Uvaria sessilis............2----- eee eee e eee ee 67
Water apple. ..... 2... eee e eee eee eee 14,15
Wild soursop........----eecereeeeeee 8, 24, 25, 26, 28
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION:
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
ee
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
[vitep STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VotumE 18, Part 2
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS FROM
COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL
AMERICA—4
By HENRY PITTIER
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VoLuME 18, PART 2
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS FROM
COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL
AMERICA—4
By HENRY PITTIER
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Issuzp Arrix 16, 1914.
PREFACKE.
The present paper, by Mr. Henry Pittier, of the Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, is in continua-
tion of a series begun by him several yea‘rs ago in the Contributions,
- dealing principally with Colombian anc. Central American plants
which are of economic value. Besides descriptions of two new species
of Brosimum and Spondias there are here included further notes upon
the difficult genus Sapium and a discussion of the nomenclature of
the sapote and sapodilla, two important topical American fruit trees
whose taxonomic history is exceedingly involved.
FREDERICK V. CovILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
II
CONTENTS.
Introduction. .......2-----ee cere eee reer etree eserrnsr sss sess sees
Moracea@...-----2cceccecee cece eceeteneesceseestessesresessessersss sess ss
A new species of Brosimum from Costa Rica.....-..-------- 2-2 reer ee
Euphorbiaceae..........-2-22----00rrerceeecs seers ress ser rsss sess
Further notes on species of Sapium........----- ;
Anacardiaceae....-..----2--22 cece eee ceesrerttersr srr trrs rss sse sess
A new species of Spondias from Costa Rica....--------20 eee eee eee
Sapotaceae......------200--- ence reece rertrr resets seers reese sees
Zapotes and Zapotillos.......-..------+eerere-cercretcr essere
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
Facing page.
Puate 42, Sapium verum Hemsl..........--.---- 20-20 e eee eee eee eee eee eee 70
43, Sapium verum Hemsl.............------ 2002-2 ee eee eee eee eee 71
44, A. Seeds of Sapium hippomane Meyer. B. Seeds of Sepium verum
Hemsl. C. Seeds of Sapium tolimense Jumelle........-..------ 72
45. Sapium hippomane Meyer...........---- 220022222022 eee eee eee ee 73
46. Achras zapota L.........2- 2.02 ee eee ee eee eee eee eens 78
47, Seeds of Achras zapota L...........---- 222022 eee eee eee eee ee eee 79
48. Calocarpum mammosum Pierre. . -- 81
49. A. Seeds of Calocarpum mammosum (L. ) Pierre. “B. " Calocarpum
mammosum (L.) Pierre........22.-000- eee eee eee eee eee eeeeeeee 81
50. Fruit of Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre pa aaeeenseneeesueasenss 82
51. Fruit of Calocarpuwm mammosum (L.) Pierre........-----------+--- 82
52. Calocarpum viride Pittier............-.02 eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 84
53. Fruit and seeds of Calocarpum viride Pittier..........------------- 84
54, A. Seeds of Calocarpum viride Pittier. B. Calocarpum viride
Pittier... 2.2.2... - eee eee ee cee ee eee eee eee teens 85
55. Fruits of Lucuma salicifolia H. B. K...... wee e eee eee eee cece eens 86
56. Seeds of Lucuma salicifoliaH. B. K.........---------------+- +++ 86
TEXT FIGURES.
Page.
Ficure 76. Flowers of Brosimum terrabanum ......-.-----00--20-e2 eee eee eee 69
77. Male flower of Sapium tolimense. .....-.-----+++eeeee eee e eee ee ee 72
78. Female flower of Sapium tolimense....-.-.-- wean ceeneeneceeteess 72
79. Tip of leaf of Sapium hippomane.........-----0-++- 0022 eee eee eee 73
80. Male flower of Sapiwm hippomane.....------.--.- 2200+ - eee e eee ee 73
81. Female flower of Sapium hippomane............-.-.-- eee eee eeee 74
82. Floral details of Spondias nigrescens.......---..--+-- Lecce eeeeeeee 76
83. Floral details of Calocarpum mammosum.....-----------++-++++- 82
84, Spread corolla of Calocarpum mammosum with stamens and
staminodes .. 2.2.2.2... eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee t ees 82
85. Part of corolla of Calocarpum viride with stameas and staminodes. . 84.
86. Floral details of Calocarpum viride........------+++-----+-++-+-- 85
87. Floral details of Lucuma salicifolia......-...-.--------------200 86
NEW OR NOTEWORTHY PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA
AND CENTRAL AMERICA—4.
By Henry Pirtier.
INTRODUCTION.
The present paper, relating mainly to economically important trees
of the families Euphorbiaceae and Sapotaceae, is in continuation of
several others which have appeared in the Contributions from the
United States National Herbarium ! and is similar in scope.
MORACEAE.
A NEW SPECIES OF BROSIMUM FROM COSTA RICA.
Brosimum terrabanum Pittier, sp. nov. Fiaure 76.
A large, lactiferous forest tree. Bark smooth, grayish. Crown elongate.
Leavesrather large, chartaceous, glabrous, petiolate. Petiolesrather thick, shallow-
canaliculate, 8 to 12 mm. long. Leaf blades elliptic, slightly rounded at the base,
long and acutely acuminate, 10 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. broad. Costa prominent
beneath; primary nerves parallel, forming with the costa a very open angle (about
80°). Margin entire.
Stipules narrowly lanceolate, acute, about 1 cm. long, smooth, caducous.
Receptacles axillary, globose, about 9 mm. in diameter, pedunculate. Peduncles
10 to 14 mm. long, slender, smooth. Bracts of the recep-
tacle surface orbiculate, peltate, pedicellate, hairy-ciliate,
not over 0.6 mm. in diameter; pedicels hairy, 0.8 to 1 mm.
long. Bractlets at the base of the stamens broad and very
short (about 0.7 mm.), hairy and ciliate.
Stamen 1 to 2.5 mm. long; filament sparsely pubescent;
anther l-celled, peltate. Style about 5 mm. long, bifurcate Fie. 76.—Flowers of Brosi-
at the middle, dark purple, densely hairy-pubescent. mum terrabanum. a, Male
Fruit not known. flower; 6, female flower.
. . . a, Scale 6; b, scale 3.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577522, col-
lected in forests of Pefias Blancas del General, Diquis Valley, Costa Rica, at about
600 meters above sea level, February 9, 1898, flowers, by H. Pittier (Inst. Fis. Geogr.
Costa Rica, no. 12029).
The type specimen includes a few detached receptacles, gathered on the ground, and
two or three branchlets which may have been culled from the baseof the trunk. A few
notes taken at the same time give some supplemental information. These materials
are certainly not a very satisfactory foundation for a new species, but the leaves differ
greatly from those of Brosimum costaricanum Liebm. in having longer petioles, a large
blade, and primary nerves almost perpendicular to the costa, and in being thin and
G
112:171-181. pls. 18, 19. figs. 11-19. January 27, 1909; 18: 93-132. pls. 17-20. figs.
9-41. June 11, 1910; 18: 431-466. pls. 78-96. figs. 57-91. January 5, 1912.
69
70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
not coriaceous. The receptacles also are larger, with much longer peduncles, and they
all seem to be distinctly monoclinous, with well developed and fertile ovaries. On the
other hand, they bear a somewhat close resemblance to John Donnell Smith’s no. 2603,
collected in Guatemala and distributed as B. alicastrum Swartz.
EUPHORBIACEAE.
FURTHER NOTES ON SPECIES OF SAPIUM.
Sapium verum Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 27: pl. 2647.1900; Engl. Pflanzenreich
IV. 14774: 211. 1912, char. emend. Puates 42, 43, 44, B.
A tree 20 to 30 meters high, with ascending, slightly divaricate limbs, and a rounded
crown. Floriferous branchlets thick.
Leaves bunched at the ends of the branchlets and rather large; petiole 2.5 to 4cm.
long (1 to 5 cm., Hemsley), thick, hardly sulcate, provided above with two short,
rounded glands. Leaf blades oblong or ovate-elliptic, 8 to 16 cm. long (12 to 20 cm.,
Hemsley), 3 to 5 cm. broad, more or less rounded or cuneate at base, obtuse at tip and
provided with a slightly inflexed, cucullate-glandulose acumen; margin glandulose-
denticulate; costa impressed above, prominent beneath; primary veins over 20,
slender, sinuate, and anastomosed. Stipules suboval, 3 to 4 mm. long and broad,
with a broadly scarious, more or less fimbriate margin.
Floral spikes 14 to 15 cm. long, inserted in the axils of the upper leaves. Male
flowers short-pedicellate, up to 15 under each bractlet, mixed with small glandulifer-
ous scales; glands ovate, about 4 mm. long; bracts broadly triangular and subflabelli-
form, about 2.5 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, thick at the base, witha scarious, irregularly
sinuate-denticulate margin. Perianth campanulate, attenuate at the base, about 4
mm. long, with rounded-sinuate lobules. Stamens half exserted, the filaments thick,
bulging at the middle, the anthers yellow. Female flowers not known.
Capsule subglobose, pedicellate, about 12 mm. long and 15 mm. in diameter,
3-celled; pedicels slender, about 4mm. long, crowned by the persistent stylar column.
Seeds lenticular, 7 to 8 mm. long, 5 mm. thick, apiculate, verruculose, sinuate-cristate
on the margin; ‘‘embryo central; cotyledons orbicular” (Hemsley).
CotomBia: Departments of Tolima and Cauca, alt. 2,000 to 2,300 meters, R. B.
White in 1890 and again in 1895, no. 9 (Hemsley, loc. cit.); Cuesta de Tocoté, Western
Cordillera of Colombia (Cauca), alt. 1,500 meters, Pittier 716, male flowers and seeds,
December 21, 1905 (U. S. National Herbarium, nos. 530906-7. The foregoing descrip-
tion is mainly based on these Tocoté specimens).
In December, 1905, after several unsuccessful attempts to find in the forests and
on the farms of the Cauca Valley this important rubber tree, which is one of the prin-
cipal sources of the virgin or white rubber of Colombia, the writer was directed to the
Cuesta de Tocoté Rubber Plantation, situated in a rather wet district of the seaward
slope of the Western Cordillera, on the road leading from Calf to Buenaventura. It
was soon found that the plantation really consisted of two fully grown trees, said to
be 14 years old, another tree about 4 years old and blooming for the first time, and a
few dozen seedlings under 1 year of age. According to the owner, the tree was formerly
plentiful in the surrounding woods, but it has been so utterly destroyed by rubber
gatherers that not a single sapling could be found.
The larger tree had attained almost portly dimensions, being about 18 meters high
and 65 cm. in diameter and branching at about 2.5 meters from the ground. The
smaller tree, of which a picture is given here (pl. 43), was 25 cm. in diameter and
about 8 meters high. The leaves of the seedlings are twice as large as those of the
grown trees and are generally of a deep purple color.
The larger trees bore only young capsules, of which I obtained later some mature
specimens, unfortunately all detached from the rachis. On the younger tree there
PLATE 42.
Vol. 18.
erb.,
H
Nat.
Contr.
SAPIUM VERUM HEMSL.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 43.
SAPIUM VERUM HEMSL.
PITTIER—-PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 7%]
were only male flowers. At the time of my visit one of the older trees had just been
tapped and had given about 500 grams of an amber yellow, translucent scrap rubber,
apparently of excellent quality.
The collected materials were identified later as belonging to Sapium verum Hemsl.,
the small noticed differences in the characters of the leaf being ascribed to their rather
immature condition. When, however, our herbarium sheets were submitted to the
authorities at the Kew Herbarium, they were very emphatic in their belief that my
determination was wrong: “The specimen sent as Sapium verum Hemsl. is not that
species, and it appears to be distinct from any other in the Kew Herbarium. It has
oblong-oblanceolate leaves, acutely cuneate at the base, with sharply serrulate mar-
gins, and the upper surface is not papillous, whereas in S. verum the leaves are oblong,
obtuse at the base, and the margin is very remotely glandular-denticulate, and the
upper surface, when seen through a pocket lens, is minutely papillous.”? The devia-
tion in the shape of the leaf and the details of the margin is, as mentioned above, merely
an exponent of the undeveloped condition of the former organ. The papille of the
upper surface are a general character of the genus, and their absence on a few leaves
can not be in any way conclusive. The shape and size of the capsules and seeds, as
well as the angle formed by the primary veins and the costa, are far more important
and correspond in our specimens with the description given by Mr. Hemsley. Ina
further communication from the Kew Gardens it is stated that the seeds ‘‘are identical
with a first sample received in 1901 from Mr. R. Thomson, but smaller than those
received from the same source in 1890, and figured by Mr. Hemsley in Ic. Plant.,
pl. 2647, fig. 5-8.’ 1 (See also pl. 44, B, herewith.)
Now, I think we have here a fair illustration of the danger of describing a new
species on heterogeneous materials. In the plate referred to, figures 2 to 4 represent
exactly the seeds which came from the large tree at Tocoté, the smaller tree from
which the herbarium specimens were gathered being a seedling obtained from the
former. Figures 5 to 8 of thesame plate, however, represent seeds of a distinct species.
The seeds received in 1890 accompanied the specimens figured by Hemsley and
belonged to them. They were sent by a Mr. R. B. White and were understood to
have come from the middle belt, at altitudes of from 2,000 to 2,380 meters, of the
mountainous departments of Tolima and Cauca in Colombia. The seeds sent by
Mr. R. Thomson in 1901 came from La Mesa, in the State of Cundinamerca, near the
upper limit of the lower belt (1,000 meters). They are identical with those accom-
panying specimens received by me from El Chaparral, about 800 meters above sea
level, in the State of Tolima, through the kindness of Mr. Andrés Roché. These two
localities, situated on the opposite watersheds of the Magdalena, are not far distant.
The identity of the seeds from La Mesa and El Chaparral is confirmed by the fact that
Mr. Thomson sent to Dr. E. M. Holmes, the able curator of the Museum of the Phar-
maceutical Society of Great Britain, not only a quantity of these, a few of which were
presented to the Kew collections, but also leaves of the tree producing them. Mr.
Holmes had the kindness to send me an impression of one of the latter and it agrees
in its least details with our specimens from El Chaparral.
My attention was first called to the Tolima Sapium by some imperfect and badly
prepared herbarium specimens brought from El Chaparral by Mr. C. Wercklé, a
botanist residing in San José, Costa Rica. These specimens were sent to Kew with
those from Tocoté and were referred to S. verum Hemsl., while the latter were pro-
+ This explanation is in contradiction with those given by Mr. Hemsley in the
text accompanying plate 2647. Figures 2 to 4 were drawn from specimens supplied
by Mr. White and correspond evidently with his herbarium specimens, while figures
5 to 8 represent seeds sent by Mr. Thomson. The sources, consequently, are not the
same, and the localities whence the samples came are far apart geographically and as
to climate.
72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
nounced distinct. These Chaparral samples differ, however, from the species
described by Mr. Hemsley in several details, which are better seen in the new mate-
rials which I succeeded later in obtaining from the same locality.
The materials at hand enable me to show conclusively that the rubber tree of the
lower part of Tolima is quite distinct from the S. verum growing at high altitudes.
Perusing now the literature of the subject, I find that Prof. Henri Jumelle, of the
Faculty of Sciences of Marseille, gave in 1903! an incomplete description of a Sapium
tolimense Hort., which corresponds to our specimens as to the leaves, but shows again
confusion as to the seeds, attributing to this species the smaller ones of S. verum.
Nevertheless, Professor Jumelle is categorical in
his opinion that S. tolimense is distinct from 8.
verum: “Tl ne nous est cependant pas possible
d’identifier, comme ena tendance Mr. Hemsley,
le Sapium tolimense avec le S. verum.’’? The
confusion of the seeds again prevents a clear recog-
Fia. 77.—Male flower of Sapium tolimense, nition of the fact that the species grow at different
a, Floral bud; b, open flower; c,stamens, ltitudes. It needs to be definitely understood
All scale 6. that S. verum is an andine species of temperate
and even cold climate (upper tierra templada
and lower tierra fria), while S. tolimense belongs to the lower belt (upper tierra
caliente) and to the lower part only of the middle one (lower tierra templada).
In conclusion, the following description, drawn from the specimens sent by Mr. A.
Rocha, is believed to show clearly that Sapium tolimense is not a synonym of Sapium
verum, but the name of a legitimate and well-characterized species.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 42, 43.—From photographs taken by Pittier and Doyle at Cuesta de Tocotd,
Cauca, Colombia. Pl. 43, natural size.
Sapium tolimense Jumelle, Pl. Caoutch. ed 2. 151. 1903.
Puate 44C. Figures 77, 78.
,
Sapium thomsoni Godefr. Leb.; Jumelle, loc. cit.
A tree 20 to 30 meters high. Floriferous branchlets very thick.
Leaves large, thick, glabrous. Petioles thick, 2 to 5 cm. long, broadly canaliculate,
the petiolar glands short, rounded, and contiguous
to the blade. Leaf blades 15 to 26 cm. long, 6 to y
13 cm. broad, ovate, rounded at base, obtusely /
rounded-acuminate, or rounded, or even emarginate, 2
c
but never acute at tip; margin more or less distinctly (42
sinuate-toothed;? costa broad, prominent beneath; uf ff
primary veins nearly perpendicular to the costa, 6
prominent on both sides but more so underneath,
strongly reticulate-anastomosed toward the margin.
Stipules elliptic-ovate, up to 7 mm. long and 4 mm.
broad, with a scarious, sinuate-denticulate margin.
Floral spikes very thick, 20 to 25 cm. long,
inserted at the base of the year’s new growth.
Basal glands small (not over 5 mm. in diameter), orbiculate. Female flowers up
to 10, inserted at base of spike; bract 2 mm. long and 4.5 mm. broad, scarious,
rounded or broadly triangular, more or less lobulate and denticulate on the
margin, accompanied on each side by several clublike, purple glandules about 1
Fia. 78.—Female flower of Sapium toli-
mense. a, Bracts; b, glandules; c, free
divisions of perianth, All scale 6.
1Jumelle, H. Les plantes 4 Caoutchouc et 4 Gutta. ed. 2. 151.1903. The citation
in Engler’s Pflanzenreich (IV. 1474: 211) refers wrongly to the first (1898) edition of
this work, in which the species is not mentioned.
2 Doctor Jumelle’s description applies better to the young leaves of Mr. Wercklé’s
specimens. It may refer to the leaves of seedlings, communicated by Mr. Godefroy-
Lebeuf. ‘
Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol, 18.
PLATE 44.
Nw
A. SEEDS OF SAPIUM HIPPOMANE MEYER.
B. SEEDS OF SAPIUM VERUM HEMSL.
C. SEEDS OF SAPIUM TOLIMENSE JUMELLE.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, PLATE 45.
SAPIUM HIPPOMANE MEYER.
PITTIER—-PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 73
mm. long; perianth formed of three free divisions, these ovate-acuminate, rounded
at tip, narrowed at the base into a short claw, imbricate, 3mm. long and 2.7 mm. broad;
ovary sessile or subsessile, globose, narrowing into a persistent stylar column 3 to 4
mm. long; styles 3, reflexed, early caducous. Male flowers in clusters of 6 to 10, sub-
tended by ashort, broad bract and surrounded by a few clavate glandules, the flowers
mixed with glandlike bracteoles; perianth yellowish white, campanulate, bilobate,
about 3.5 mm. long; stamens 2, exserted.
Capsules sessile or subsessile, large, globose, 18 to 20 mm. in diameter, coriaceous,
crowned by the persistent stylar column. Seeds lenticular, more or less orbiculate,
about 10 mm. long and wide, obtusely cristate on the edge and
rarely apiculate.
Cotomsra: El Chaparral, State of Tolima, in the Magdalena
Basin, alt. about 800 meters, Andrés Roché (U.S. Nat. Herb.,
nos. 690468-690470); same locality, Wercklé, Inst. Fis. Geogr.
Costa Rica, no. 17272 (U. 8. Nat. Herb., no. 578904). FIG, 79.—Tip of leaf of
Sapium hippomane Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 275. 1818; Pax Sapium hippomane. a,
in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1474: 231. 1912. en Showing’ auricle
Puates 44, A, 45. Figures 79-81. goth scale 3. ;
Sapium hemsleyanum Huber, Bull. Herb. Boiss. IT. 6:362.1906.
Sapium obtusilobum Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 116. 1863; Pax, op. cit. 229.
A tree 12 meters high, with a short trunk 32 cm. in diameter at the base, an elongated
crown, and horizontal or subascending limbs. Bark smooth, grayish,
Foliage thick, the rather long-petiolate, entirely glabrous leaves covering the whole
branchlet. Petioles slender, 1 to 4 cm. long, provided at the upper end with a pair
of long (1 to 2.5 mm.), cylindric-conical glands, distant 5mm. or less from the base
of the blade. Leaf blades elliptic, dark green above, paler and finely white-dotted
beneath, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. broad on the floriferous branchlets, 15 to 25 cm.
long and 5 to 6 cm. broad on the young, sterile growth; base cuneate or subacute;
apex more or less abruptly contracted and end-
ing in an incurved, cucullate-glandulose tip,
often with small lateral auricles; main nerve
impressed above, prominent and more or less
angular beneath; primary veins slender, arcuate,
prominent on both faces, about 18 on the leaves
of the floriferous branchlets, 28 on those of the
younger growth; margin (slightly revolute in
dry specimens) remotely denticulate-glandulose
(the glandules caducous) and with occasional
larger, hydathodal teeth. Stipules scarious,
F1G. 80,—Male flower of Sapium hippomane. ovate or subacuminate, very small.
a, Bracts with lateral glandule; d, floral § Floral spikes terminal, single or with a basal,
bud; c, mature flower; d, stamens; ¢, half asiilary branchlet, slender, entirely glabrous,
of perianth, showing form of lobe and with . .
interfloral glandules at base. Allscale6. UP to 16 cm. long, bearing either male flowers
only or both male and female, the female num-
bering up to 10, inserted at the base of the spikes. Floral glands ovate, larger at
the base of the spikes (3 to 3.5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad). Bract short and broad
(about 15 mm. long and 2 mm. broad), with the upper margin scarious, rounded,
glandulose-pectinate or irregularly denticulate, and bearing on one side only
(in male flowers) or on both sides (often in female flowers) a basal, erect, clavi-
form, purple glandule. Male flowers in clusters of 4 to 8, sessile, intermixed with
filiform, glandular, persistent appendages; perianth about 1.5 mm. long, purplish,
the two lobules entire and more or less rounded; stamens long-exserted (nearly 2.5
74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
mm. long), with yellow filaments and purple anthers. Female flowers provided at
the back with two additional bracts, smaller than the outer one, irregularly fringed
or denticulate and bearing at the base within several finger-like, dark glandules;
perianth 3-lobulate, the lobules more or less ovate-rounded or acuminate, though
never acute, at the tip, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, free to the base or almost so ; ovary globose,
glabrous, 3-locular; styles shortly adnate at the base, up to 5 mm. long, thick, arcuate,
green, with a brownish stigmatic surface.
Capsules sessile or very short-pedicellate, coriaceous, 11 mm. long by 13 mm. in
diameter, finely rugose and brownish gray outside, 3-celled and each cell monosperm,
with both the carpellary divisions and the lines of dehiscence deeply furrowed (the
latter yellowish in dry specimens). Seeds medium-sized, with a red pseudoaril,
black, lenticular, finely tuberculate, cristate along the margin, distinctly apiculate;
length 5.6 mm., breadth 5 mm., thickness 3.6 mm.
Jamaica: Hope Gardens, a tree derived from a seedling obtained at Medellin,
Department of Antioquia, Colombia, and presented by the late Consul Ch. Patin in
September, 1899.
I am indebted to Mr. William Harris, superintendent of the Public Gardens of
Pr o% or, _ Kingston, for herba-
ar 4 SZ rium specimens, mate-
rials in alcohol, and
interesting notes on
this remarkable
species. Tothe Hon,
H. H. Cousins, Di-
rector of Agriculture
of Jamaica, I owe also
an acknowledgment
for the communica-
tion of the original
photograph of plate 45.
From Mr. Harris’s
letters I extract the
Fic. 81.—Female flower of Sapium hippomane. a, Young flower, front view, following information:
showing glands {and bract; b, same, back view, showing small bracts and :
glandules; c, mature pistil; d, perianth in situ; e, bractlets and glandson . We have a Sapium
back of flower. All scale 6. here which was pre-
_ sented to us by the
late Mr. Chas. Patin in 1899. He called it S. biglandulosum. It is evidently not that
species, but may be 8S. utile or an allied species. (July 15, 1910.)
The leaves drop off the branches in drying and it is difficult to get nice specimens,
but no doubt they will answer your purpose. I may mention that the leaves of the
wee yer much larger when it was younger, say three or four years ago. (August 11,
We sent flowering specimens of this tree to Kew in 1907 and they referred it doubt-
fully to S. obtusilobum. It did not seem to agree with the figure given in Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 6, p. 357 (fig. 17), and I named the tree provisionally 8. utile. This is the first
year that the tree has fruited with us and consequently the first time that we could
get complete material for identification.
You will notice in the figure of 8. obtusilobum in Bull. Herb. Boiss. that the petiolar
glands are shown to be at the base of the leaf blade, whereas in our tree these glands
are 7 or 8 mm. below the base of the leaf blade. The apical gland is an important
character. I find that the capsules are not all sessile, but occasionally one is furnished
with a short, thick pedicel.
I hope to send you a photogra h of our tree in a few days. Our specimen is a
round-headed tree 35 feet high, with a trunk girth of 24 inches at 3 feet from the ground.
It is furnished with numerous leafy branches, the lower ones drooping and touching
the ground. All parts of the tree, but especially the young shoots and leaves, contain
an abundance of milky juice. We received the young plant from the late Mons.
PITTIER—PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 75
Chas. Patin in September, 1899, and it was planted out in its present position in
October, 1902; Hope, with its dry, hot climate, is probably not the most favorable
situation for this tree.
The late M. Patin was a planter and Belgian consul at Medellin, Colombia, and I
believe the species comes from that neighborhood. M. Patin was keenly interested
in plants, especially those of an economic nature, and on his rather frequent visits
to Europe or the United States he always stopped at Jamaica and came to see us at
the Gardens and usually brought something to add to our collections.
He thought very highly of this Sapium as a probable source of rubber and showed
me samples of rubber produced by it.
He was very anxious to introduce the species to Jamaica, and I find that he brought
four plants in 1899, but two were dead and one was very weak and finally succumbed.
(September 22, 1910.)
The examination of the specimens showed that the tree could not be Sapium utile
Preuss, since it belongs to the subsection Cucullata (Pax & Hoffm.); so, in a letter
answering those of August 11 (cited above) and 17, and subsequent to that of Septem-
ber 22 of Mr. Harris, I expressed the opinion that the species might be either “‘S.
obtusilobum Muell.-Arg. or S. hemsleyanum Huber,” coinciding in the first surmise
with the tentative identification made at Kew. Further study showed that, while
our specimens agreed in almost every detail with the incomplete description of the
former by Mueller, they differed in several ways from S. hemsleyanum Huber. The
petioles, namely, are longer, the petiolar glands more distant from the blade, the
marginal teeth rather distant and obsolete, the primary veins less numerous, the floral
spikes shorter and more slender, the basal bract of the male flowers cut straight or
hardly rounded, with a fimbriate margin, etc.—all these differences found while
comparing our Jamaican specimens with nos. 7509 and 7674 of Jenman from British
Guiana.
But again S. hemsleyanum is now considered by Dr. Pax! to be the same as, or,
at the utmost, a simple form of, a species of broad scope, S. hippomane Meyer, in which
our Jamaican specimens can also be included. And as, on the other hand, S. hippo-
mane and S. obtusilobum do not seem to differ in any essential details, the texture of
the leaf being rather the result of certain environmental conditions, I feel justified in
considering also the name S. obtusilobum Muell.-Arg. as merely another synonym for
S. hippomane Meyer.
The above description and, unless otherwise indicated, the accompanying drawings
have been made from our Jamaican materials.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 44, 45.—PIl. 44, A, B, C, from photographs taken by C. B. Doyle in Wash-
ington. About natural size. Pl. 45, from a photograph furnished by Hon. H. H. Cousins, as men-
tioned in the text.
ANACARDIACEAE.
A NEW SPECIES OF SPONDIAS FROM COSTA RICA.
Spondias nigrescens Pittier, sp. nov. FIGureE 82.
A forest tree with rounded crown (Tonduz in sched.). Branchlets thick, covered
with a purplish brown, smooth bark, showing at the end the prominent scars left by
the fallen leaves.
Leaves caducous, 5 to 17-foliate, pubescent. Rachis 15 to 30 cm. long, broadly
flattened above, rounded beneath, the petiole 5 to6 cm. long. Leaflets subopposite,
distant about 3 cm. on each side of the rachis; petiolules of the lateral leaflets 7 mm.
long, that of the terminal leaflet up to 1 cm. and over; leaflet blades ovate to elliptic-
oblong, moderately oblique, rounded or subcuneate at the base, acuminate and acute
at the tip, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. broad, the smallest ones at the base and
the narrowest at the end of the leaf; margin entire; primary veins parallel, arcuate,
10 to 14 on each side of the main rib.
1 In Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1474: 232. 1912.
76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Panicle 20 to 30cm. long, lax, few branched, the rachis densely pubescent. Flowers
white, borne on articulate, hispid-pubescent pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, these pro-
vided at the base with several diminutive bractlets. Calyx lobes smooth, broadly
ovate, more or less acute at the tip, about 1 mm. long and broad. Petals lanceolate-
acute, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. broad near the base, reflexed and strongly revolute on
the margin. Stamens seldom over 1.5 mm. long; filaments broader at the base;
anthers about 0.5 mm. long. Disk thick,
the margin obscurely 10-crenate or sulcate.
Ovary subglobose, sparsely hairy, ending
always in 4 more or less reflexed, glabrous
styles, with a total height of 1.5 to 2.6 mm.
Drupe ovoid, hairy-pubescent in its young
state; the mature fruit not known.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium,
FIG. 82,—Floral details of Spondias nigrescens. a, 20- 861287, collected in the forests of Nicoya,
Floral bud; 8, open flower; c, sepal; d, petal;e, Costa Rica, May, 1900, by A. Tonduz (Inst.
stamens; /, gynoecium. All scale 6. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 13925), The
specimens bear flowers and young fruits.
Of the genus Spondias three species, or perhaps only two, have been known hitherto
in Central America, one or two of them (S. purpurea, S. dulcis) in a state of semiculti-
vation; the other (S. lutea) a large forest tree, which is certainly indigenous, notwith-
standing Seemann’s assertion of its having been introduced in Panama. The discovery
by Mr. Tonduz of a second native species is highly interesting.
SAPOTACEAE.
ZAPOTES AND ZAPOTILLOS.
In a recent paper! Mr. O. F. Cook has shown that the binomial
Achras zapota of the first edition of Linnseus’s Species Plantarum is
based upon the type of Plumier’s Sapota; in other words, on the tree
known over most of its area in Central and South America as
“nfispero,” in Mexico and Guatemala, as “chicozapote,” or errone-
ously as “zapote chico,”’ and in the British West Indies as “sapodilla.”’
Mr. Cook agrees in this with the European botanists and any further
reference would be uncalled for but for the fact that, owing to a mis-
identification of Plumier’s plate, the name Sapota zapotilla Coville
was substituted in 1905 and has since been used by the, American
botanists who have dealt with that well-known fruit tree of the -
Tropics.
On the other hand, the naming of an allied species, the zapote tree,
also important economically, has resulted in an unfortunate imbroglio.
Originally placed in the genus Sideroxylum by Jacquin (1760), then in
Achras by Linneus (1762), and used to resuscitate Plumier’s genus
Sapota in 1768, it was transferred to Lucuma by Gaertner in 1807 and
to Vitellaria by Radlkofer in 1882, while Pierre created successively
for it the two names Calospermum and Calocarpum in 1890 and 1904,
1 Nomenclature of the Sapote and Sapodilla, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 279-282.
1913. Also Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 3:158-160. 1913.
PITTIER—PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 77
the last being rejected in the paper referred to by Mr. Cook, who pro-
poses Achradelpha as a definite substitute. This would be the eighth
change of the generic status of the zapote tree, an extraordinary fate,
indeed, with very few parallels in botanical taxonomy.
For brevity’s sake the reasons will not be repeated here why
the zapote had no standing in any of the first six of the genera just
cited. Those who wish for a full explanation of the case are referred
to Mr. Cook’s very complete presentation of it. This 1s the place,
however, to state my reasons for differing from my colleague as to
the necessity of a new generic name.
My contention is that Calocarpum is a perfectly valid name and
therefore has to be preserved. It is neither a taxonomic nor even a
philologic homonym of Callicarpa. Indeed, the two vocables are so
distinct from each other as even to escape in a way the criticism of
being synonyms. A taxonomic homonym is a word (the same word
with the same spelling, as I understand it) that has been used to
name distinct genera. Thus Calospermum, as applied to an alga
genus and to the zapote, is both homonymous and homophonous,
and had to be rejected in its second application. Donatia Forst.,
Donatia Bert., and Donatia Loefl. were perfect homonyms, of which
only the earliest, first mentioned, could be used. The use of names
differing only by their ending in -us, -a, or -um should be absolutely
discouraged, as well as that of all those homonymous in the usual
sense of the word, that is to say, agreeing in sound and more or less
in spelling. But in our case we can reasonably contend that Calli-
carpa and Calocarpum are quite heteronymous and can not therefore
be confused nor identified as one single term. It is true that these
two words are very similar, but they differ in formation, spelling, and
pronunciation. The principle of exclusion of generic names should
never be extended to such cases, and there is apparently no well-
grounded reason to drop Calocarpum and to encumber the already
too intricate nomenclature of the genus with a new name. The
preservation of Pierre’s name does not interfere in any way with the
American method of types and serves as well as any other to perma-
nently fix the nomenclature of the zapote type.
As to the specific name of the type species, the priority of Calo-
carpum sapota over C. mammosum could perhaps be sustained, since
Jacquin’s name Siderozylum sapota is anterior by two years to Miller’s
Sapota mammosa. But in order to avoid the confusion which may
result from the use of a homonymous specific name in two closely
related genera, and because mammosum or mammosa has been used
through no less than seven changes of the generic name, I agree with
Mr. Cook as to the convenience of retaining it as the specific designa-
tion of the zapote.
11692°—14——-2
78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
With reference to the vernacular nomenclature of the same trees,
it seems necessary to insist on the fact that the name “chicozapote,”
sometimes wrongly given as “‘zapote chico,’”’ as applied to the sapo-
dilla, is not intended as a counterpart of “zapote grande,” an expres-
sion used rarely, if at all, in connection with Calocarpum mammosum.
“‘Chicozapote”’ is simply a modern form of the Nahuatl name “ tzico-
zapotl”’, or “gum zapote”’, still used by the native Indians of Mexico.
This term, “chicozapote,” besides, is known only in the restricted
northwest end of the natural range of Achras zapota and “nispero” isa
name of much more general use, borrowed from the Castilian denomi-
nation for Mespilus germanica. On the other hand, I do not remem-
ber ever having heard the expression “‘zapote grande” used by the
natives of Mexico and Guatemala, “zapote” being the name of the
fruit all over the natural territory of the species, while in the countries
where it has been introduced it has generally been compared with and
named after the mamey or mammee (Mammea americana).
The spelling of the native name “zapote,” as used by Mr. Cook
and authorized by the more recent English dictionaries, is not exempt
from criticism. Following the rules of derivation, the z initial should
be preserved. That “zapote” proceeds from the Nahuatl “tzapotl”
is not a mere supposition, but a well-established fact. In passing to
the Spanish language, it has dropped the initial “t,” in accordance
with one of its universally adopted rules. ‘‘Zapote” is a Spanish word,
figuring in Spanish dictionaries, and as such its original spelling
should be respected. ‘Sapodilla”’ is an English name derived from
“‘zapotillo.” It is unfortunate that the word was originally mis-
spelled, but a mistake once made is no reason for a repetition. As
Mr. Cook further observes, “sapodilla” has only a limited use, and
that is why I prefer “zapotillo,” which is currently applied to sev-
eral species of the same family.
Achras zapota L. Sp. Pl. 1190. 1753. Puates 46, 47.
Achras sapota L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 470. 1762. ;
Achras zapota zapotilla Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 57. 1763.
Sapota achras Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768.
Sapota zapotilla Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 369. 1905.
A portly tree reaching to 20 meters and over when fully grown. Trunk either
short and dividing into several secondary axes or undivided to the top. Main limbs
horizontal or drooping. Crown rounded or elongate, richly foliated. Bark brownish,
lactescent, more or less furrowed longitudinally. Terminal branchlets rather thick,
with a grayish or ferruginous, filmy surface, covered with leaf scars.
Leaves petiolate, coriaceous, clustered at the ends of the branchlets. Petioles 1 to
2.5 cm. long, rather slender, sometimes glabrous, more usually more or less covered
with a filmy down. Leaf blades 5 to 14 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 cm. broad, ovate-elliptic to
elliptic-lanceolate, rounded-cuneate at the base, more or less obtuse and emarginate
at the tip, dark green above and paler beneath, perfectly glabrous at the mature stage
but covered beneath when young with a ferruginous film; main rib salient below, the
venation parallel and close, scarcely distinct; margin smooth. Stipules none.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, PLATE 46.
ACHRAS ZAPOTA L.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 47.
SEEDS OF ACHRAS ZAPOTA L,
PITTIER—-PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 79
Flowers pediceled, single in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the branchlets.
Pedicels 1 to 1.5 cm. long, more or less covered with filmy pubescence. Sepals 6,
seldom 8, ovate-acuminate, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, densely velvety-hairy except
at the base inside, the exterior ones more or less valvate, the interior narrower at the
base and apart from each other. Corolla white, glabrous, tubular, urceolate or cam-
panulate, about 10 mm. long and lobulate at the top; lobules about 2.5 mm. deep,
ovate, the margin more or less irregularly sinuate and coarsely denticulate at tip.
Stamens 6, opposite the lobules of the corolla; filaments short (about 1 mm. long),
broad at the base, inflexed and more slender at tip, inserted on the corolla at about
6 mm. from the base; anthers basifix, lanceolate-acuminate, cordate at base, extrorse,
with longitudinal dehiscence. Staminodes6, petaloid, of the same length as the lobules
of the corolla and with a more or less sinuate margin. Pistil 10 to 11 mm. long, clavi-
form and stiff; ovary hairy, 10 to 12-celled, each cell 1-ovulate; style smooth, obscurely
lobulate and hairy at tip.
Fruit a berry of variable form and size, crowned by the remnants of the persistent
stigma and with a thick, verrucose pedicel. Skin thin, brown ferruginous, more or
less smooth or scaly. Mesocarp fleshy, succulent, containing usually from 0 to 5 and
very seldom 10 to 12 seeds. Seeds brown or black, smooth and shiny, more or less
flattened laterally, oblique and obovate, with a narrow cicatricula extending from the
lower end to about the middle of the ventral side, where the foramen is usually marked
by a more or less pronounced rostrum. Albumen abundant; embryo at the lower
part of the seed.
Common NAMES: West Indies, sapodilla tree, naseberry tree (English). Danish West
Indies, mispelboom (Dutch); Breiapfelbaum (German). French West Indies, sapotil-
lier (French). Porto Rico, Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica, Hon-
duras, Nicaragua, Salvador, nispero (Spanish). Cuba, zapote (Spanish). Mexico,
Guatemala, zapote chico, chico, chicozapote (Spanish). Ecuador, ntspero quitense (Span-
ish). Yucatan, ya (Maya). El Salvador, muyozapot (Nahuatl). Mexico, tzicozapotl
(Nahuatl). Costa Rica koréb (Brunka). Bluefield, Nicaragua, ibén (Misquito). Vera-
paz, Guatemala, muy (Kekchi and Pokomchf).
The sapodilla tree is certainly indigenous in Mexico south of the Isthmus of Tehuan-
tepec or of a parallel a, little farther north, in Guatemala, and possibly in Salvador
and northern Honduras. It is especially abundant in the lowlands of Tabasco
and Chiapas and the western part of Yucatan, where lie the principal centers of
production of the chicle gum. Farther north, as well as in Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Panama, and the West Indies, it seems to appear only as a cultivated tree. Hum-
boldt, in referring to it, says, ‘‘Crescit et colitur prope Cumana, Caracas, etc.”?! It
isalso reported by Planchon *as being abundant in the forests of Venezuela and J: amaica,
and from my own recent observations I feel also inclined to believe it a native of the
former country, as well as of Colombia. \
It was made known from Nicaragua by Oviedo,? who called it the best of all fruits
and expressly mentions that it was “in the power of the Indians of the Chorotegan
stock (esta fructa estA en poder de los indios de la lengua de los chorotegas), who are
known to have migrated from the North, following the coast of the Pacific Ocean as
far as Costa Rica. On the eastern seaboard of this last country, however, it is posi-
tively said to have been brought from Jamaica in recent times. There do not seem
to be any available data as to its introduction into other countries of Tropical America.
In Ecuador it was well known in Velasco’s time as a specialty of Quito. We have
1H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 239. 1818.
? Planchon, L. Produits des Sapotées 82. 1888.
* Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo Fernandez de. Historia general y natural de las Indias
308. pl. 1. 1851.
* Velasco, J. Historia del Reino de Quito 63. pl. 1. 1844.
80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
seen, on the other hand, that the tree was frequently described from the West Indies
in the course of the eighteenth century. It may have reached Cuba from Yucatan
in prehistoric times and spread from there to the other islands.
Although it is seldom met with in Central America and Mexico above 1,000 meters,
the upper limit of the tierra caliente, the sapodilla tree reaches far up into the tem-
-perate belt of Colombia and is even grown around Quito, in Ecuador, at an altitude
of about 2,800 meters. .
The adult trees seem to vary greatly in size according to locality. Cook and Collins!
give 7 to 9 feet (2 to 3 meters) for its stature in Porto Rico; Jacquin * gives 10 to 15
feet (3 to 5 meters); P. Browne ® says that it “‘rises to a considerable height.”” In
Guatemala and Colombia I have often seen specimens 18 theters high and over. As
a general rule, it seems that the tree is of a lower stature in the West Indies. The
specimens seen by me in Port Limon and on the plains of Santa Clara in Costa Rica
were also of less size and more densely foliated than those on the Pacific coast. This
can, however, be accounted for by differences of age, climate, and other local con-
ditions.
Pierre ¢ has described several varieties which have not been found among the
numerous specimens investigated in connection with the preparation of this paper.®
Frequent and considerable variation was noted in the relative length of the calyx
and corolla, or of the latter’s lobules and the staminodes, these being in most cases
adherent to the lobules and not free above the insertion of the stamens as represented
by Engler.® With reference to the general form of the flowers an old observation of
Loefling was confirmed and thus quoted by Jacquin: 7 ‘‘Flores inodori, corolla albida,
diu persistentes. Hi ante fecundationem figuram habent ovatam, in ipso autem
fecundationis actutoti explicantur magis, ut evadant campanulati; quod, ut ista
succedat, antherae inclusae stylusque corolla longior videntur exigere: unde tunc
in situ figuraque mutatio partibus accidit insignis. Fecundatione auctem peracta,
ovatam denuo assumunt. Extra hunc actum florem descripsisse videtur beatus
Loeflingius, cujusmodi ipse illum ego saepissime examinavi: addidi igitur charac-
terem, qualem in ipsamet fecundatione semper se mihi exhibuit.”’ ,
The seeds also vary widely, not only in number but also in shape, as can be seen
from the accompanying plate. As to their number, I found that in the Cauca Valley
it is usually not over three and very often less, and it was with no little surprise that
I saw later in Velasco a reference to the Ecuador fruit as being also 3-seeded, while
my own experience in Central America, as well as that of most authors, indicates a
larger number. On the occasion of a recent trip to Venezuela, where the fruit is a
1 Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 66. 1903.
2 Loc. cit.
3 Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 200. 1789.
4In Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 97. 1904.
5In the course of my recent investigation of the flora of Panama, I discovered a
remarkable variety of this species at Patifio, on the southeastern shore of San Miguel
Bay. The tree is rather small, not reaching over 8 meters high; the trunk is
straight and the branching divaricate, almost horizontal, with the lower limbs
drooping; the crown, the lower part of which is only about 1.5 meters above the
ground, is regular and oblong-elongate. The tree was loaded with fruits, these forming
dense clusters at the end of the branchlets. The peduncles are 1.5 to 2 meters long; the
berries themselves not over 4 cm. in diameter and 3.5 cm. long, globose-depressed
in shape; the scaly skin is gray, the mesocarp greenish yellow, and the seeds, usually
5 to 7 in number, always without rostrum. According to the information obtained at
the place, the tree is commonly found in the surrounding woods, and goes under the
name of ‘‘nispero de monte.”’
6 Pflanzenfam. 4!: 197. 1889.
7 Stirp. Amer. 58. 1763.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 48.
A, B. CALOCARPUM MAMMOSUM (L.) PIERRE.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 49,
B. CALOCARPUM MAMMOSUM (L.) PIERRE.
PITTIER—PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 81
common article of consumption, I investigated a large number of specimens and
found the seeds to vary usually in number from 0 to 5.
Mr. G. N. Collins, who has paid special attention to the fruits from the economic
standpoint in his travels in Central America and the West Indies, has brought back
specimens of three types. An ovate and small type (5 to6 cm. long, 4 cm. in diameter)
seems to be commonest; another, observed in Jamaica, assumes @ more spherical
shape (diameter about 8 cm.) and is considerably larger; while a third, from Oaxaca
(Mexico), has just the shape and dimensions (5 cm. high, 8 cm. in diameter) of an
ordinary apple.
The naseberry or sapodilla is regarded by many as one of the best tropical American
fruits. The skin is thin, the meat reddish, somewhat milky, melting, and sweet,
with a peculiar flavor. If picked at the right time and handled carefully, this fruit
will keep from 8 to 12 days, and there is no reason why it could not reach our markets.
Moreover, the broad altitudinal range of the tree above mentioned, that is, between 0
and about 2,800 meters, leads to the supposition that there are well-differentiated
and hardy mountain varieties that could be made to grow and, bear fruit farther north
in the United States than Florida and southern California, where the Cuban and Mex-
ican kinds have been tried with encouraging results.
The sapodilla tree has a further importance as being the source of the “chicle’’ or
chewing gum of commerce. That substance is the condensed latex of the tree and
is extracted on a large scale in the forests of Tabasco and Chiapas, whence it is shipped,
mainly to this country. The sapodilla wood is of fine texture, hard, and reddish,
with darker veins, and is of current use in the building of the native carts. The
infusion of the bark is sometimes administered as a febrifuge, while the seeds are said
to be diuretic and very effective also in the cure of certain diseases of the bladder.
According to other information, however, the first is only a poor substitute for quinine,
and the use of the seeds can provoke serious accidents.
On account of the sweetness of its fruits, the sapodilla tree attracts many guests of
the animal kingdom, such as birds, bats, squirrels, and others. Jacquin gives a lively
description of the struggles that go on under its dense cover, the frugivorous hokkoes,
wild turkeys, and other fowls being an easy prey to carnivorous enemies, not excepting’
the native hunter.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 46, 47.—PI. 46, from a photograph taken by C. B. Doyle at Calf, Colombia.
Pl. 47, from photographs taken by Doyle in Washington. The seeds in the lowest row are from the
tree referred to in footnote 5, page 80. Both natural size.
Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre in Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 97. 1904.
PLates 48-51. FicurRes 83, 84.
Achras mammosa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 469. 1762.
Siderorylum sapota Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 15. 1762.
Lucuma mammosa Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 129. pl. 203. 1805.
Lucuma bonplandia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 240. 1818.
Vitellaria mammosa Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math.-Phys. Akad. Miinchen 12: 296, 316,
325. 1882.
Calospermum mammosum Pierre, Notes Bot. Sapot. 11. 1890.
Achradelpha mammosa Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 3: 160. 1913.
A large tree, 10 to 30 meters high, lactiferous, deciduous, with an erect, usually
short, trunk, the crown either spreading and rounded-depressed or narrow and elongate.
Ramification dichotomous. Bark reddish brown, shaggy. Branchlets thick,
densely tomentose at first, then subglabrous.
Leaves caducous, petiolate, clustered at the terminal, newest part of the branchlets.
Petioles 2 to 5 em. long, broad, flattened, and tomentose at the base, more or less
rounded, subcanaliculate, and more or less hairy toward the blade. Leaf blade obovate
to oblanceolate, long-cuneate at the base, rounded to acute at the tip, 10 to 30 cm.
long, 4 to 10 cm. broad, light green above, paler or brownish beneath, quite glabrous
or slightly pubescent on the costa and primary veins on both sides; margin entire;
82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
nervation impressed, above, prominent beneath; primary veins 14 to 25 on each side
of the main nerve.
Flowers pedicellate or subsessile, in numerous glomerules of 2 to 6, inserted in the
defoliate axils of the penultimate growth. Pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long, hairy-tomentose.
Sepals about 9 (8 to 10), imbricate, increasing gradually in size from the exterior,
basal one to the innermost, 2.5 to 6 mm. long, 3.5 to 6.5 mm. broad, but the exterior
much broader than long, the interior almost round, all more or less contracted at the
base, emarginate or bilobate at the tip, appressed-hairy outside, smooth inside, the
larger ones with a smooth, scarious margin. Corolla 9 to
10 mm. long, sallow white, 5-lobate; tube glabrous; lobes
more or less imbricate, slightly longer than the tube
(about 5.5 mm. long), ovate, rounded and obscurely
emarginate or dented at tip,.silky-hairy on the back but
with a glabrous marginal zone, ciliate. Staminodes 3 to
4 mm. long, rather narrow, short-pubescent. Stamens 5,
glabrous, inserted slightly lower than the staminodes;
filaments attenuate, 4.5 to 5 mm. long, subulate and
incurved at tip; anthers elliptic-ovate, inserted a little
Fia, 83.—Floral details of Calo. below the middle, at first erect and then reversed; con-
carpum mammosum. a, Outer nective slightly exceeding the tip of the anther. Pistil
sepal; 8, staminode; ¢, sta- clavate, about 9 mm. long; ovary stiff-hairy, the cells
mens; d, pistil. All scale 3. : ‘
normally 5, but more or less obliterated; style conical-
elongate, smooth or obscurely 5-sulcate, slightly shorter than the corolla, obtuse at tip.
Fruit a large, monospermous, almost sessile berry, varying from globose to almost
fusiform, rounded at base, more or less acute at the apex, 8 to 20 cm. long, 6 to 12 cm.
in diameter; skin rather thin (1 to 2 mm.), cinnamon brown, rugose-paleate; meso-
carp thick, fleshy, reddish or pinkish. Seed large (about 8 cm. long), fusiform-
depressed, shiny, of a pale or yellow brown color except the umbilical area, this white,
rugose, narrowly elliptic-acuminate in
form, extending from one end to the
other of the ventral side.
CoMMON NAMES: West Indies, sapote,
mamee-sapote, marmalade fruit (Eng-
lish). Martinique, Guadeloupe, zapotte,
grosse zapotte, zapotte & créme (French).
Cuba, mamey, mamey zapote (Span-
ish). Mexico, Central America, Co-
lombia, Ecuador, zapote (Spanish).
Mexico, teapott (Nahuatl); tsapas sabant Fia. 84.—Spread corolla of Calocarpum mammosum
(Zoque). Yucatan, zapote mamey with stamens and staminodes, Scale 3.
(Spanish); haaz, chacal haaz (Maya).
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, mamey colorado (Spanish). Guatemala, sal-tul
(Kekchf); tul-ul (Pokomchf); chul (Mame); chul-ul (Jacalteca). Costa Rica, bko
(Cabécara); kurék (Bribrf); kém-kra (Brunka); jit (Térraba). Panama, oa-bo
(Guaymi).
The shape of the leaves and fruits, the degree of pubescence of the former and of the
flower, the number of the segments of the calyx, etc., are characters which, though
subject to variation, have been taken as ground for creating several varieties. The
constancy of these it is difficult to prove on account of the scarcity of adequate speci-
mens in most herbaria.
The specimens which I have investigated do not quite agree with the description
of Pierre’s genus Calocarpum in Urban.!. Thus, among 15 flowers from 4 distinct
1 Symb. Antill. 5: 97. 1904.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 50.
FRUIT OF CALOCARPUM MAMMOSUM (L.) PIERRE.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. Plate 51.
FRUIT OF CALOCARPUM MAMMOSUM (L.) PIERRE.
PITTIER—PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 83
localities in Central America and the West Indies, 9 were found to have 9 sepals,
while 4 had 10 and 2 only 8. The normal number seems to be 9, though Pierre
gives 4 to 7 such divisions. The stamens were found to be generally inserted a little
lower than the staminodes, indicating that they belong to the inner whorl of the
andreecium. The stigma is seldom distinctly or even obscurely radiate, the style
ending simply in an obtuse point.
Has Calocarpum mammosum ever been found in a truly wild state by botanical collec-
tors? It isone of the principal fruit trees in its area and assuch belongs rather to the
class of semicultivated plants, like Biza orellana, Mammea americana, Persea gratissima,
Crescentia cujete, and others. De la Maza?‘ indicates it as cultivated in Cuba, and
Cook and Collins ? say it is rare in Porto Rico. While the product of the cacao tree
was highly prized by the Mexicans and constituted the usual beverage among the
nobility, Peschel * reports that the peoples of Central America, among them prin-
cipally the Chorotegas, gave the preference to the zapote, which was generally culti-
vated for a similar use. And again, Juarros* informs us that the sapuyul, or kernel
of the zapote seed, was one of the main exchange products of the people of Suchilte-
pequez, in Guatemala, at the end of the eighteenth century. According to Mr. G. N.
Collins’ the peeled kernels of the same seeds are still offered for sale in the markets of
the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. In Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama the zapote
tree is often met with in the forests, in isolated specimens, but almost always in
places that are known to have been formerly inhabited by man.
Notwithstanding the lack of evidence as to the existence of Calocarpum mammosum
in the wild condition, it seems that it must be considered a native of Central America.
The showy appearance and cleanliness of the seeds may have helped in some wise in
the dissemination of the tree. In Santa Marta (Colombia) I have seen them carried
as a curiosity by the Indians of the mountains, who did not seem to know the tree
and had no name for it, although they readily assimilated it to their own “‘manzana”
(Lucuma argoacoensis Karst.).
The reddish zapote wood is said by Grosourdy ° to be fine-grained, compact, hard,
and apparently suitable for cabinetwork. The supply, however, would always be
very limited, as the tree is rather protected by the natives on account of the fruit.
Besides, it usually forks very low, so that trunks of any good length are seldom
available.
The fruit has a thick, juicy mesocarp, of a reddish or pinkish color, and a little
sticky on account of the latex it contains. The flavor is sweetish, with a peculiar
squashy strain, quite delectable if we believe some Spanish authors, but not generally
to the taste of foreigners. This strain might, however, be removed or improved by
1 Gomez de la Maza, Manuel. Nociones de Botanica sistematica. 76. 1893.
2 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 178. 1903.
3 Peschel, Oscar. Geschichte des Zeitalters der Entdeckungen 513. 1858. The
Sapota Apfel here referred to are the fruit of Achras zapota.
4 Juarros, Domingo. Historia de la ciudad de Guatemala, edicién del Museo
euatemalteco 23. 1857. As the note here referred to is a very interesting addition to
the economic history of the zapote tree, it is well to reproduce it in whole:
“ Sapuyul es la almendra del zapote, fruta como de medio pié de largo: la almendra
tiene de dos 4 tres pulgadas: se halla dentro de una cdscara, como la de la avellana;
sobre ella hay una médula de color encarnado, tan hermosa 4 la vista como deleitosa
al gusto, y encima de esta una corteza un poco dura. Los Indios y gente pobre se
sirven del sapuyul para hacer chocolate, mezcléndolo con cacao: es tanta la abun-
dancia de zapotes en esta provincia, que botan la fruta, por cojer el sapuyul, y éste
tiene tal consumo, que solo en la plaza de Quezaltenango se venden de cuatro 4 cinco
mil pesos de dicha almendra al afio.”’
5 Manuscript notes.
6 Grosourdy, Renéde, M. D. El Médico botdnico criollo 2: 398. 1864.
%
84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
appropriate selection and culture. That same mesocarp can also be turned into an
excellent marmalade, or into jelly, and although the fruit does not yet seem to have met
with any great favor in our markets, it is not altogether without importance among
tropical fruits.
The seed contains a large, oily almond, which has a strong smell and a bitter taste.
According to de la Maza! it has stupefying properties. Grosourdy calls it a diuretic,
and in Costa Rica the oil is used in the treatment of persistent catarrhal complaints,
while the whole almond, finely ground, is made into an exquisite confection.? More-
over, as seen above, it seems to have been extensively used, and is still used on a
small scale, in conjunction with cacao, in the preparation of the current beverage
of the natives of Central America. It is called ‘‘sapuyul” (Nahuatl tzap-ullul, i. e.,
zapote resin or gum?). According to Mr. G. N. Collins (MS. notes), the Kekchi
Indians of Verapaz still use it in the preparation of a drink, in conjunction with cacao
and parched corn; it imparts a bitter taste to the beverage. These Indians gather
all the seeds they find along the trail; the almonds are first boiled, then roasted and
grated. As a historical memorandum, we may also mention that during the first
half of the nineteenth century the same seed was still used in Costa Rica in lieu of the
present iron to smooth starched white linen.®
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 48-51.—All from photographs taken by G. N. Collins in Guatemala, except
49, A; this taken by C. B. Doyle in Washington. Seeds and fruits natural size.
Calocarpum viride Pittier, sp. nov. Puates 52-54. Fieures 85, 86.
A tree similar in appearance to C. mammosum; branchlets erect, thick, glabrous, or
subglabrous and shaggy-verrucose on older growth, densely ferruginous on the newest
parts.
Leaves petiolate, densely clustered at the ends of the floriferous branchlets, scat-
tered and irregularly alternate along the sterile shoots.
Petioles 2 cm. long, rather thick, broader at the base,
subcanaliculate, grayish or ferruginose-tomentose. Leaf
blades 10 to 25 cm. long, 5 to 7 cm. broad, usually oblan-
ceolate but sometimes rounded at the tip, long-cuneate
or cuneate-rounded at the base, glabrous above, except
on the main nerve, here more or less hairy, white and
filmy-tomentose beneath; margin entire or obscurely sin-
uate; nervation impressed above, prominent beneath;
primary veins 15 to 21 on each side.
¥iG. 85.—Part of corolla of Calo- Flowers short-pedicellate, in numerous glomerules of 2
oe etatinotes tees to 5 in the defoliated axils, or single or geminate in the ax-
; ils of the lower leaves. Pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long, ferru-
ginose-tomentose. Sepals 9 (sometimes 10), imbricate, more or less rounded, sub-
apiculate, 2 to 4 mm. long and broad, the exterior ones smaller, thicker, and densely
hairy, the interior ones larger, moderately hairy except on the right margin, covered
in the imbrication. Corolla 10 mm. long, pinkish or sallow white, the broad tube
pubescent, about 5 mm. long; lobes about 5 mm. long, broadly ovate-rounded, silky
on the back and very shortly ciliate on the margin. Staminodes pubescent, 2.5
mm. long, rather broad, contracted or attenuate at the tip. Stamens glabrous; fila-
ments 2.5 mm. long, subulate; anthers ovate, with the connective more prominent
than in C. mammosum. Pistil clavate, 7 to 9 mm. long; ovary ovoid, covered,
together with the base of the style, with stiff brownish hairs; style obscurely
5-sulcate and slightly thickened at the apex, which is often distinctly 5-lobulate.
1 Nociones de Botanica Sistematica 76. 1893.
* Pittier, H. Plantas usuales de Costa Rica. 141. 1908.
8 Pittier, loc. cit.
PLATE 52,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
CALOCARPUM VIRIDE PITTIER.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLaTE 53
FRUIT AND SEEDS OF CALOCARPUM VIRIDE PITTIER.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 54,
B. CALOCARPUM VIRIDE PITTIER.
PITTIER—PLANTS FROM COLOMBIA AND CENTRAL AMERICA. 85
Fruit varying from subglobose to ovoid, always pointed at the apex, and sometimes
also at the base, 9 to 10 cm. long, 6.5 to 8 cm. in diameter, 1 or 2-seeded; skin thin,
smooth, olive green, more or less covered with russet dots or lines. Seeds 4.5 to 6
cm. long, 2.3 to 8.7 cm. in diameter, olive-shaped, pointed at both ends, apiculate
near the hilum end of the umbilical area, distinctly carinate, light brown and pol-
ished; umbilical area obovate-elongate, broader at the hilum, reddish and almost
smooth.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 860323, collected at Cobain, Alta Vera-
paz, Guatemala, August 6, 1910, by O. F. Cook (no. 214). Besides the type sheet
there is a second sheet in the National Herbarium of the same collection, and another
from near the Finca Sepacuité, Alta Verapaz, March 26, 1902, Cook & Griggs 183,
with a photograph (no. 184).
CoMMON NAMES: Guatemala, ingerto. Costa Rica, zapote. Honduras, zapotillo
calenturtente.
This species, which curiously enough seems to have hitherto escaped the attention
of botanists, is closely related to Achras mammosa, differing, nevertheless, by the
smaller leaves, downy and white beneath, the smaller
and differently shaped sepals, the shorter staminodes
and stamens, the latter with broadly ovate anthers,
and above all the comparatively small, green, and thin-
skinned fruit and the smaller, ovate seed. Morelet?
calls it Lucuma salicifolia, but there can be no possi-
ble confusion with that Mexican species of Humboldt
and Bonpland.
Calocarpum viride is known so far only from Guatemala
(where it seems to be rather frequent in Alta Verapaz),
from Honduras, and from Costa Rica. It is likely to
be found in all the intervening region. The common
name “‘ingerto” suggests some kind of crossing, or the
result of budding, but there can be no doubt as to the Fic. 86.—Floral details of Calocar-
tree being a good representative of thegenusCalocarpum. Pum viride. a, Sepals, exterior
The fruit is superior in quality to the common zapote and interior; 6, staminades; ¢,
; , stamens; d, pistil. All scale 3.
the flesh not being so fibrous and being free from the
squashy flavor that characterizes the latter. It seems to keep pretty well and the
skin, although thin, is not easily broken in transportation. The ingerto is often
seen in the markets of Guatemalan towns and seems to be a favorite with the
people; it is rarer in Costa Rica.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 52-54.—All from photographs taken by G. N. Collins in Guatemala, except
54, A; this from one taken in Washington by C. B. Doyle. All natural size, except 54, B.
Lucuma salicifolia H.B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 241. 1818.
Puates 55, 56. Fiaure 87.
Richardella salicifolia Pierre, Notes Bot. Sapot. 20. 1890.
Section Rivicoa. A small tree, about 8 meters high and 25 cm. in diameter (R. 8.
Williams in sched.). Young twigs sparsely pubescent.
Leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branchlets, petiolate, entire, perfectly
glabrous. Petioles 1 to 1.5 cm. long, broadly canaliculate. Leaf blades 9 to 18 cm.
long, 3 to 4 cm. broad, lanceolate, acute at the base, narrowing into an obtuse tip,
light green above, paler beneath. Margin slightly revolute. Nervation distinct on
both faces, more salient beneath, 14 to 15 primary veins on each side of the costa.
Flowers green (Williams) or white, solitary or geminate in the axils of the leaves.
Pedicels 9 to 12 mm. long, pubescent. Sepals 5, 5 to 6 mm. long, free, ovate, coria-
1 Morelet, P. M. A. Voyage dans l’Amérique centrale, 1’Ile de Cuba et le Yuca-
tan 2: 152. 1858-75.
86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ceous, velvety outside, glabrous inside. Corolla broad, 10 to 11 mm. long, 5 or 6
lobed, pubescent outside, the margins minutely ciliate or denticulate ; lobes ovate,
equal in length to the tube, rounded at the tip. Staminodes 5, 3.5 to 4 mm. long,
papillose, linear, rounded-obtuse at the end, alternating with and one-third shorter
than the corolla lobes. Stamens 5, 2 to 3.5 mm. long, glabrous, inserted a little lower
than the staminodes; filaments short, attenuate at tip; anthers extrorse, ovate or
ovate-elliptic, slightly emarginate at base. Pistil about 10 mm. long; ovary rounded,
6-celled, densely hairy; style smooth; stigma obtuse, hardly distinct from the style.
Fruits fusiform, 1-seeded, 10 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. in diameter, rounded at base
with the persistent, 5-parted calyx attached, attenuate and rounded-obtuse at the
tip (and often with a lateral stigmatic spot). Skin thick, leathery, smooth, yellow;
pulp mealy, sweet, edible, the color and consistence of the yolk of a hard-boiled egg.
Seed fusiform, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, apiculate at the hilum end,
light brown and polished outside the umbilical area, this broad, elliptic-elongate,
neither impressed nor salient, whitish and almost smooth.
Description based on the fine Costa
Rican specimens sent by Mr. O. Jimé-
nez Luthmer (no. 513).
Mexico: The species was originally
described from this country upon spee-
imensor notes obtained from Cervantes
by Bonpland. The fruit and seed are
described and figured here probably
for the first time. Safford (MSS. notes)
reports it from Mexico City, Guana-
juato, Oaxaca, Morelos, Guadala-
Fia, 87.—Floral details of Lucwma salicifolia. a, Opened jara, and Michoacan. Tt is doubtful
corolla with stamens and staminodes; 2, pistil, Whether L. palmeri Fernald, a scrubby
Scale 3. form collected in Acapulco, is really
distinct.
Costa Rica: Occasionally cultivated in the valley of San Jose, but never met with
in a wild condition.
Panama: Vicinity of Penonomé, Province of Coclé, in the zone below 300 meters,
flowers, between February 23 and March 22, 1908, R. S. Williams 56 (U. 8. National
Herbarium, no. 677891).
There is no indication as to the presence or absence of the species in the northern
and middle part of Central America, but it is very likely to be met with in that inter-
vening region.
COMMON NAMES: Mexico—Central Mexico and Guanajuato, zapote borracho; Oaxaca
and Morelos, zapote amarillo; Guadalajara, mamey de Cartagena; Michoacan, huicwmo
(Safford), Costa Rica, zapotillo, siguapa, and canistel, the latter probably from
“canisté,”? the Maya name for Lucuma multiflora.
This species seems to vary as to pubescence, number and disposition of flowers, etc.,
the only really constant characters being those shown by the fruit and seed. In the
absence of these it is likely that several forms of L. salicifolia have been described as
distinct species.
FXPLANATION OF PLATES 55,56.—From photographs taken by C. B. Doyle of alcoholic material from
Costa Rica.
PLATE 55.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
FRUITS OF LUCUMA SALICIFOLIA H. B. K.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 56.
SEEDS OF LUCUMA SALICIFOLIA H. B. K.
INDEX,
[Page numbers of principal entries in boldface type. Synonyms in italics.]
Page
Achradelpha. .....-....0.0-2-0 cece ence ee eee ee 77
MAMMOSA ..........-..---2---02 veceeeeee 81
Achras........-.......... 22222 e eee eee eee 76
MAMMOSA......-. 22-222 eee eee ee eee 85
SAPOLA . . 0... eee eee eee eee eee 7.
mapota.........-2-. 2222 e eee eee 76, 78, 83
zapotilla............------ wee eee eeee 78
7: 77
Bixa orellana...........-.---------------2-- 83
BO... 22. - eee eee eee ee eee ee eee ee eee eees 82
Breiapfelbaum ....-.........--.-----+-+++-+- 7
Brosimum alicastrum........ wee ee ese ceeecee 7
costaricanum.........-.-----.-----++-+-+- 69
terrabanum....... cece eee cece cece ee eeeee 69
Cacao tree... 2.2 .cc cece cece ee cece eee eee eens 83
Callicarpa..........-... 0202 cece eee ee eee eee 77
Calocarpum ........---.-.---------+-+5 76, 77, 82, 85
mammosum.........-- weeeeeeee 77, 78, 81, 83, 84
00) 77
viride... 2.2.22 022.22 e eee ee eee ee eee eee 84, 85
Calospermum......-2-.---2-2e eee eee eee eee 76,77
MAMMOSUM ...4------ 2-2 eee eee ee eee ee 81
Canisté.............-.---2 eee eee eee eee eee 86
Canistel........0..--. 22 eee ee ee ee eee eee 86
Chacal haaz..........-2..---2 20 eee eee eee eee 82
Chicle........-..00-- 0 eee eee eee eee cece eee 81
5400 6 79
Chico......... 22.2222 e eee ee eee eee eee eee 79
Chicozapote......-...-..-....2-2-2+ eee 76, 78,79
Chul... 2.2... eee ee eee eee eee 82
Chul-ul.....2..... 2222-2 e eee ee eee eee cee eee eee 82
Crescentia cujete........--. cece cece cece eeeee 83
Donatia ........---.--20-2-e eee eee ee ee eee eee 77,77
Euphorbiaceae ........------+---2- 0-2 eee eres 69
Fit. 2.2 eee ee eee ee eee cece eee 82
Grosse zapotte.............. 2. eee eee eee eee eee 82
Gum Zapote.... 22. ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee 78
Haaz... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee _ 82
Hokkoes.......------ eee cece eee eee ence eeree 81
Huicumo............0-2- 22222 e eee ee eee eee 86
D8 0): 79
Ingerto.......2.....-2-2-0 02-2 ee eee ee eee eee 85
KO6m-kra.... 2... ee ee eee eee eee 82
Kor6b.. 22... eee ee eee ee eee 79
Kur6k.... 2... eee eee eee ee eee 82
Lucuma........ pee eee eee eee eee e cece ees 76
argoacoensis.......-.--.-.-------+ee-eee: 83
bonplandia..........-.--222220-02 eee eee 81
MAMMOSE 2... 22-2 eee eee e cece eee eee eee 81
multiflora... .. 2.2.2... 0.2 ccc eee eee eee 86
palmeri............ 222-2222 eee eee eee ee eee 86
salicifolia...... 2.22.20... eee eee cece eee eee 85, 86
Mamey...-...-.---- ance cece cece cease eeeeees 82
Page.
Mamey colorado...........0-0-0-e eee cece eee 82
de Cartagena. ..... 2.2... 2 ee eee ee eee eee 86
ZAPOte. 2-2. eee eee eee eee eee 82
Mammea americana........2..20--e-e eee eeee 78, 83
Mammee.... 22.2... eee eee ec ee cece eee eee 78
Mammee-sapote........-. 2-22-2222 sees sewers 82
Manzana..... 2... eee ee eee ee ee eee 83
Marmalade fruit..........-.-...---2---2-e00 82
Mespilus germanica.........-.-------------0 78
Mispelboom.... 2.2.2.0... eee eee eee ee eee 79
Muy... 22.22.02... 20ee ween cece eee eeeeeeeeee 79
Muyozapot..... 2... .c eee cence eee eee eee 79
Naseberry........-2---2 20-0 -e cece cece ee ceees 81
ol 79
Nispero..........--.-2-2-- eee eee ee eee eee 76, 78, 79
de monte. .....--.....---- 22-2 ee eee eee eee 80
Quitemse.... 2... eee eee eee eeee 79
Oa-b0.. 2.22. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee ceeeeeeee 82
Persea gratissima..... we eee cece cence ene caees 83
Richardella salicifolia...........-.---.2--2---4- 85
Rubber plantation.........-....--..--06+- - 70
rubber, scrap.........-.222. 20-2 c cece eens 71
tree... 22. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 70, 72
Sal-tul.. 0... ee ee ee ee eee eee 82
Sapium biglandulosum.............-...-+++- 74
hemsleyanum. .... 2222-222 00ce cece eee eeee 73,75
hippomane.........-.-....--2-2-20e-eeee 73,75
obtusilobwm........--....+-+--+-+-+--- 73, 74, 75
thomsoni......-....-22- 22-2 e ee ee eee eee 72
tolimense...............2--22 eee ee ee eee 72
utile... 02.2... eee ee eee eee eee 74, 75
Ve@TUM . 0.600222 - 2-2 eee eee ee eee eee ee 70, 71,72
Sapodilla... 2.22.2... 2c. e ee eee eee eee 76, 78, 81
162): 79, 80, 81
C0106 81
Sapota achras... 22... 0-002 ecee seen eee eee eee 78
Zapotilla. ... 2.22.22 e ee eee eee eee ee ees 76,78
Sapotaceae.........---.-- eee eee eee eee eens 69
Sapote....... 2. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 82
Sapotillier..........-.-.--2-22 222-2 ee eee eee 79
Sapuyul...........222.. 02-2002 eee ee eee eee 83, 84
Scrap rubber.............-------- ee eee eee eee 71
Sideroxylum...........2....0-02 eee ee eee eee ee 76
2 77,81
Siguapa.........--- 2. eee eee eee eee
Spondias dulcis..........-....--2--2ee- eee eee 76
lutea... 0... ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eeee 76
migrescens..........---.---2-ee ee eee eens 95
purpurea...... 2.22222 eee eee eee 76
Tsapas sabani..............-0-2-2 eee ence eee 82
Tul-ul.........-2-22 20-0222 e eee ee ee ee ee eee 82
Turkeys, Wild............ 2022000 e eee eee eee 81
Tzapotl.........22--- 22-2 eee eee ee eee eee 78, 82
Tzap-ullul...... 22... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 84
Tzicozapotl..........2.. 2.2.2 e eee eee eee eee 78,79
Ix
x INDEX.
Page.
Vitellaria oc. cece cece ween cece cence eee ees 76
CL 81
Wild turkeys... .. 2... ..0..0 2... cece eee cee eee 81
a 79
Zapote... 2.2... eee eee eee 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85
amarillo.......... cee eee cece eee eeeenee 86
borracho..............2..220222ece eee eeee 86
Chico. 2.2.2... eee ee eee eee e eee 76, 78,79
grande... 2... eee eee cece ee eee 78
GUM... ee eee eee 84
p GUM. eee ence rece neeeees 78
TOSIN caee. eee eee eee eee eee cence
Zapotillo..
ee ee eee eee eee eee
calenturiente................222-22.2-0.-
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
Dyirep STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VoLuME 18, PART 3
STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN
PHANEROGAMS—NO. 2
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VoLumE 18, Part 3
STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN
PHANEROGAMS—NOo, 2
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1916
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
Issuep Fesruary 11, 1916
II ;
PREFACE.
There is presented herewith a second installment of studies by
Mr. Paul C. Standley, of the United States National Herbarium, upon
the flowering plants of tropical America. The new species described
and the changes of nomenclature proposed are largely the result of
work upon certain groups, chiefly Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, and Legu-
minosae, as represented in the extensive collections obtained recently
in Panama during the progress of the Smithsonian Biological Survey
of the Panama Canal Zone. A large part of the paper consists of
descriptions and nomenclatorial changes in the Amaranthaceae and
Allioniaceae incidental to monographic work upon these families.
Two new genera are proposed in the Malvaceae.
FREDERICK V. CovILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
II
CONTENTS.
Introduction........... 22-220. 22 cece cece ee eee eee e cece eee Lee
New Cyperaceae from Panama..:......... 2.020.220. e eee eee eee eee eee
New Amaranthaceae from tropical North America......................-----
New or notable Allioniaceae............0..0.0 0.02.22 e eee eee
New Caesalpiniaceae from Panama.................02 2.2 e cece eee cece ee eee
New or notable Mimosaceae from Panama ................0.-2-20.005- eee
New Panamanian Fabaceae............-2-.- 22-22-2202 cece e eee eee eee eeee
New or notable species of Geranium from Colombia and Venezuela. .......-.-.
Wercklea, a new genus of Malvaceae............... 0.22222 22-2 e ee eee ee eee
Peltaea, a new genus of Malvaceae. ...................02 22222
The genus Lopimia....................-2-----+-2----+--- concen cece eee e ees
Four new species of Malache from Panama and Costa Rica....................
A new Waltheria from Colombia...............0...0.00 0000 c cece eee eee eee
New or notable Ebenaceae from Mexico.:................--20 2000002 e ee eee
Anew Styrax from Panama.............0.0.0 225222 c cece eee eee
Tardavel a valid generic name to replace Borreria..................----2------
Restoration of the generic name Evea, with descriptions of two new species. --
Duggena an older name than Gonzalagunia..............--2-.---------+-------
New or notable species of Arcytophyllum.................--.---------------
New species of Psychotria from Panama. ...........----------+--- 2-2 ee eee ee
New species of Rubiaceae of several genera, chiefly from Panama.............
Index ......-. wee eee cee eee eee ee eee eee eee e ee nee ereeeeeeeee
STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS—
NO. 2.
By Paut C. STanDLey.
INTRODUCTION.
The present paper is in continuation of a series begun in 1914." It
contains descriptions of new species and taxonomic notes upon various
groups of plants, but chiefly the Amaranthaceae, Allioniaceae, Mal-
vaceae, and Rubiaceae, and the group of families formerly known as
the Leguminosae. There are included descriptions of two new genera
in the Malvaceae.
The new species described are based chiefly upon the extensive col-
lections obtained in Panama by Mr. H. Pittier. Study of the Panama
collections shows very clearly the close alliance of the flora of the
Isthmus with that of Colombia, as was to be expected. Quite unfore-
seen, however, is its inclusion of certain genera which are character-
istically Brazilian, a fact recently pointed out by Mr. Pittier.2 Two
Brazilian genera, Cassupa and Stachyarrhena, are here reported for
the first time from North America. Moreover, several of the species
described as new have their closest allies in Brazilian plants.
NEW CYPERACEAE FROM PANAMA.
While working with the Cyperaceae of Panama, the writer discov-
ered two apparently undescribed species, a Rynchospora and a
Scleria, descriptions of which are published below. The Rynchospora
is particularly interesting, being very unlike any species previously
reported from North America.
There are also included new combinations in Cyperus, Stenophyllus,
and Calyptrocarya, which are necessary for properly listing the
Panama Cyperaceae.
Rynchospora argentea Standley, sp. nov.
Tufted perennial; leaves 30 to 40 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed
at the base into broadly winged petioles, prominently nerved, scabrous on the margins,
elsewhere glabrous, silvery white, especially on the upper surface, at least when dry;
1Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 427-458. pls. 24-31. 1914.
2 Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 468-469, 1915.
87
88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
inflorescence 20 cm. long or less, much shorter than the leaves, nearly naked, bearing
only 1 or 2 much reduced thin pale leaves, paniculate but only sparingly branched, the
branches angled, glabrous; spikelets solitary, on peduncles 1.5 to 3 mm. long; empty
scales several, nearly white, hyaline, lanceolate or oblong, acute, with short subulate
tips, glabrous except for the scaberulous midnerve; bristles of the involucre 6, white,
scaberulous; style branches very short; fruit not seen.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 679431, collected on high hills back of
Puerto Obaldia, on the San Blas Coast, Panama, August, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4307).
In general appearance this is very unlike any other species of which material or
descriptions have been seen. Its broad, elongated, silvery leaves and the very short
inflorescence, nearly leafless and bearing but few spikelets, will enable one to recog-
nize it readily.
Scleria hitchcockii Standley, sp. nov.
Underground parts not seen; plants slender, about 70 cm. high, rather sparingly
leafy; culms triquetrous, sharply angled, striate, yellowish green, obscurely scaberu-
lous; sheaths closely investing the culms and nearly covering them, 3 to 5 cm, long,
sharply angled, striate, glabrous, or hirsutulous near the summit; ligule very short,
about 1 mm. long, truncate, hirsute; leaf blades 12 to 18 cm. long, narrow, 2 to 4mm.
wide, yellowish green, acute, conspicuously nerved, nearly glabrous, but often
hirsute-ciliate on the margins and on the midvein beneath; inflorescence much
exserted, on a slender peduncle; panicle about 11 cm. long, composed of few very
slender spikes, the branches short-ciliate on the angles; bract subtending the inflores-
cence 3.5 cm. long, very narrow; spikelets in sessile fascicles of 2, each consisting of
one fertile and one sterile flower; glumes of the fertile flower about 2 mm. long, reddish
brown, ovate, oblong-ovate, or lanceolate, thin, strongly keeled, the midnerve extended
as a short awn; glumes of the sterile flowers slightly longer, about 3 mm. long, nar-
rower; achenes smooth and shining, white, spherical or depressed, 1.2 mm. in diameter,
disk fused with the achenes as a short thick stipe.
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 678393, collected on a grassy hillside in
the foothills near El Boquete, Province of Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 1,000 to 1,300
meters, September 28 to October 7, 1911, by A. 8. Hitchcock (no. 8326).
The proposed species is related to Scleria lithosperma, but differs conspicuously in the
slender branches, short scales of the flowers, and small, depressed achenes.
Calyptrocarya glomerulata (Brongn.) Standley.
Becquerelia glomerulata Brongn. in Duperrey, Bot. Voy. Coquille 2: 168. 1829.
Calyptrocarya fragifera Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 364. 1837.
Tropical America.
Cyperus hermaphroditus (Jacq.) Standley.
Carex hermaphrodita Jacq. Coll. Bot. 4: 174. 1790.
Mariscus jacquinii H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. 1815,
West Indies and Mexico to Argentina.
Stenophyllus paradoxus (Spreng.) Standley.
Schoenus paradorus Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 190, 1825.
Bulbostylis paradoxra Kunth, Enum. Pl, 2: 206. 1887.
Central America and tropical South America.
NEW AMARANTHACEAE FROM TROPICAL NORTH AMERICA.
Recently the writer has been engaged in monographing the family
Amaranthaceae for the North American Flora. In a group to which
so little attention had been given it was to be expected that more
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS. 89
than a few new species would be discovered. Some of these have
been published during the past year. A considerable number of
others, chiefly in the genera Iresine and Achyranthes, are described
in the present paper. The name Achyranthes is here used for the
genus generally known as Alternanthera. The reasons for the use
of the name in this sense the writer has recently explained at length.?
He has also published a synoptic account of the North American
representatives of the family.*
Achyranthes panamensis Standley, sp. nov.
Stems weak and probably clambering over shrubs, herbaceous, much branched,
the branches slender, angulate, short-pilose with solitary or fasciculate, spreading
or reflexed hairs; petioles 1 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or ovate-
oblong, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 0.6 to 2 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, acutish at the base,
firm, bright green, appressed-pilose on both surfaces with short slender fulvous hairs;
peduncles axillary and terminal, simple or usually branched, 1 to 6 cm. long, slender,
densely short-pilose; spikes usually solitary, globose-ovoid or short-cylindric, 8 to 11
mm. long, 7 mm. thick; bracts broadly ovate, acuminate, glabrous; bractlets broadly
ovate, half as long as the sepals, aristate-acuminate, sparsely short-villous; sepals
lance-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, acute or acutish, 3-nerved, purplish (brownish or fuscous
when dry), glabrous; filaments short, linear-subulate; staminodia equaling or exceed-
ing the anthers, two-thirds as long as the sepals or shorter, lacerate at the apex; style
short, the stigma entire; seed subglobose, 1 mm, long, black and shining.
Type in the Herbarium of Columbia College (New York Botanical Garden), collected
in Panama by Sutton Hayes (no. 944).
In floral characters this plant is similar to Achyranthes mexicana (Schlecht. & Cham.)
Standley, but in that species the slender peduncles are simple and the flowers are
white or slightly stramineous.
Achyranthes williamsii Standley, sp. nov.
Stems herbaceous, clambering over shrubs and herbs, sparsely branched, the
branches stout, striate, cinereous-puberulent; petioles stout, 2 to 10 mm. long: leaf
blades oblong, ovate-oblong, or rarely elliptic, 2.5 to 8 cm. long, 8 to 33 mm. wide, acute,
acutish, or obtuse at the apex, acute or obtuse at the base, pubescent on both surfaces
with very short, lightly appressed hairs, bright green, rather thick; peduncles axillary,
simple or rarely branched, 2 to 6 cm. long, stout, cinereous or glabrate; heads solitary,
short-cylindric or ovoid, 1 to 3 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. thick; bracts broadly ovate,
acuminate, glabrous; bractlets half as long as the sepals, ovate, aristate-acuminate,
short-pilose; sepals narrowly lance-oblong, 5 mm. long, acuminate, whitish or stramin-
eous, 3-nerved, short-pilose, the tips slightly spreading; filaments very short, the
staminodia ligulate, longer than the anthers and slightly shorter than the sepals,
lacerate at the apex; style evident, the stigma entire.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 678206, collected near Citura, Panama,
April 14, 1908, by R. S. Williams (no. 675).
1 Standley, Paul C. New or notable species of Amaranthus. Bull. Torrey
Club 41: 505-510. 1914. A new species of Achyranthes from Tobago. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 87. 1915.
The application of the generic name Achyranthes. Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci. 5: 72-76. 1915.
®The North American tribes and genera of Amaranthaceae, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci. 5: 591-396. 1915.
90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Panama: Ancén, April 20, 1911, Mrs. G. N. McMillan (Herb. Gray). Without
locality, Seemann (Herb. Gray). Ahorca Lagarto, 1905, Cowell 255 (Herb.
N. Y.).
Nicaracua: San Juan del Sur, Torrey (Herb. Gray). Island Ometepe, Lake
Nicaragua, January, 1893, C. L. Smith (Herb. Gray).
This plant has no very close relatives among the previously described species
reported from Central America, unless it may be Achyranthes pycnantha (Benth.)
Standley. In that the sepals are densely long-pilose and 6 to 7 mm. long, the leaves
are nearly glabrous, and the peduncles are usually branched.
Achyranthes stenophylla Standley, sp. nov.
Stems slender, branched, the branches ascending or suberect, striate, very sparsely
pilose or glabrate; leaves numerous, the internodes short, the petioles 2 to 10 mm. long;
leaf blades linear to elliptic-linear, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 3 to6 mm, wide, acute or acutish,
acuminate at the base, very sparsely appressed-pilose or glabrate; peduncles axillary,
simple, 2 to 5 cm. long, short-pilose, very slender; spikes ovoid or short-cylindric,
6 to 10 mm. long,6 mm. thick; bracts broadly ovate, acute, glabrous: bractlets half as
long as the sepals, acuminate, long-aristate, sparsely short-villous; sepals lance-oblong,
2.5 mm. long, acute or acutish, membranaceous, 3-nerved, sparsely short-pilose,
stramineous, the tips erect or slightly incurved; filaments short, the staminodia
ligulate, longer than the anthers, two-thirds as long as the sepals, lacerate at the apex;
style evident, the stigma entire.
Type in the Herbarium of Columbia College (New York Botanical Garden), col-
lected in Panama by Sutton Hayes (no. 941).
This plant belongs to the same group as A. pycnantha, A. williamsii, and A. cordo-
bensis, but it is very distinct from all of them in its smaller spikes and very narrow
leaves.
Achyranthes laguroides Standley, sp. nov.
Erect or ascending, suffruticose below, the stems 1 meter long or less, much branched,
the branches striate, sparsely pilose-strigose or glabrate; leaves very shortly petiolate,
the blades narrowly lanceolate to elliptic-linear, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide,
acuminate or attenuate at both ends, pilose-sericeous, densely so beneath; peduncles
simple or branched, 5 to 20 mm. long, or the heads often sessile or subsessile, the pedun-
cles densely pilose-sericeous; spikes ovoid or short-cylindric, 1 to 2 em. long, 9 mm.
thick, the flowers whitish-stramineous; bracts and bractlets ovate-triangular, half as
long as the sepals, acuminate or long-acuminate, sparsely pilose or glabrate; sepals
linear-oblong, 4 to 5 mm, long, acuminate, membranaceous, l-nerved, pilose near the
base with straight erect jointed white hairs, these equaling or slightly exceeding the
sepals; stamen tube elongate, the antheriferous lobes short; staminodia ligulate,
exceeding the anthers, deeply and acutely laciniate at the apex; style elongate.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 471849, collected near San Francisco de
Guadalupe, Costa Rica, May, 1893, by A. Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica no,
8006). There is a specimen of the same plant in the herbarium of the Missouri Botan-
ical Garden, collected somewhere in Costa Rica in April, 1910, by G. C. Worthen.
The species is a very distinct one. It is to be placed nearest Achyranthes stenophylla,
but that has flowers only half as large and sparsely short-pilose sepals,
Achyranthes cordobensis Standley, sp, nov.
Plants much branched, the branches spreading, loosely short-pilose, or glabrate in
age; petioles 1 to 3 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong or oval, or the uppermost
lance-oblong, 3 to 6 cm. long, 8 to 20 mm. wide, rather abruptly long-acuminate,
obtuse at the base, thin, densely pilose-sericeous beneath, less densely so on the upper
surface; peduncles simple, axillary, 2 to 6 cm. long, pilose with ascending hairs;
spikes solitary, rarely sessile, ovoid or short-cylindric, 8 to 15 mm. long, 11 mm. thick;
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS. 91
bracts and bractlets half as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, aristate-acuminate,
subscarious, stramineous; sepals lance-oblong, 5 mm. long, acutish, subcartilaginous
in age, 3-nerved, stramineous, sparsely short-pilose, the tips slightly spreading;
stamen tube short; staminodia much exceeding the anthers, less than half as long
as the sepals, ligulate, deeply fimbriate at the apex; style evident, the stigma entire.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 125547, collected in the Valley of
Cérdoba, Mexico, February 11, 1866, by Bourgeau (no. 1946).
Related to A. williamsii, described above, but differing in the long-acuminate or
abruptly acuminate leaves, which are densely pilose-sericeous beneath, and in the
merely acutish, rather than acuminate, sepals.
Gomphrena dispersa Standley, sp. nov.
Gomphrena decumbens Mog. in DC. Prodr. 137: 410. 1849, in part, not G.
decumbens Jacq.
Gomphrena decumbens genuina Stuchlik, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 11: 156.
1912, in part, not G. decumbens Jacq.
Gomphrena decumbens grandifolia Stuchlik, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 11: 157.
1912, in part.
Prostrate or procumbent annual or perennial, much branched, the branches 20 to 100
em. long, slender, sparsely or densely appressed-pilose; leaves numerous, short-
petiolate, the blades oval-obovate to oblong, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, 5 to 20 mm. wide,
obtuse to rounded at the apex, mucronate, acuminate to attenuate at the base, bright
green, pilose-sericeous, often glabrate on the upper surface; spikes usually solitary,
terminal or axillary, subglobose or short-cylindric, 9 to 13 mm. in diameter, each
subtended by 2 acute sessile leaves, these usually shorter than the spikes; bracts
rounded-ovate, acuminate, white, often denticulate; bractlets 5 to 6 mm. long, about
3 times as long as the bracts, thin, acute to obtuse, white or rarely purplish red, nar-
rowly cristate at the apex, the crest extending along the keel for only a short distance,
denticulate or laciniate; perianth usually equaling the bractlets, densely lanate, the
lobes oblong-linear, acuminate or attenuate, white; stamen tube commonly included;
style elongate, the stigmas slender; seed 1.5 mm. long, reddish brown, shining.
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 698287, collected at the edge of a culti-
vated field, Sierra de Anafe, Pinar del Rfo, Cuba, December 21, 1911, by Percy
Wilson and Brother Leén (no. 11485).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Fiormwa: Waste ground, near Tampa, 1913, Tidestrom 7005. Without locality,
Rugel 98.
Mexico: Guadalajara, Jalisco, 1886, Palmer 238. Atlixco, Puebla, 1893, Nelson.
Valley of Oaxaca, 1894, Nelson 1307. Corral de las Piedras, vicinity of
Zacuapan, Veracruz, 1906, Purpus 2284. Yucatén, Gaumer 369 pt. Vicinity
of Mérida, Yucatdn, 1912, Collins 11.
GuateMaLa: Escuintla, 1890, J. D. Smith 1977. Livingston, 1905, von Tiirck-
heim (J. D. Smith, no. 8738). Morén, Depart. Amatitlan, Kellerman 4840.
Nicaracua: C. Wright.
Ex Satvapor: Renson 154.
Costa Rica: Hacienda Babilonia, Tonduz 215. Rfo Hondo, Plains of Santa
Clara, 1903, Cook & Doyle 596. Nicoya, 1900, Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr.
Costa Rica, no. 13701).
Cusa: Herradura, 1907, Earle 766. Vicinity of La Gloria, Camaguey, 1909,
Shafer 63. San Luis, Province of Pinar del Rio, 1911, Britton, Britton & Cowell
9738. Isle of Pines, 1904, Curtiss 410; 1901, A. A. Taylor 88; 1900, Palmer &
Riley 1117. Pinar del Rio, 1900, Palmer & Riley45. Camaguey to Santayana,
1909, Britton 2350.
Jamaica: Up Park Camp, 1912, Harris 11542.
Porto Rico: Santurce, 1913, Chase 63454.
92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The specimens cited above are only a part of those examined by the writer. The
species appears to be very abundant in the Greater Antilles and along the eastern
coast of Central America, occurring chiefly as a weed in waste or cultivated ground.
It has always been confused with Gomphrena decumbens Jacq., described in 1804. It
is remarkable that a plant so common in the West Indies has never received a name,
but apparently no one has ever questioned its identity with Jacquin’s species.
Gomphrena decumbens was described! from cultivated specimens whose origin was
not known. The description is ample and fortunately is accompanied by an excellent
plate. There is no doubt that it applies to a plant which is common from eastern and
central Mexico to Guatemala and is found also in South America. So far as the writer
knows, it does not occur in the West Indies. It differs from Gomphrena dispersa in
having the crests of the bractlets widest much below the apex, if they are perceptibly
widest anywhere, the flowers thus appearing pointed or acuminate. Moreover, the
bractlets are much longer than the flowers, while in G. dispersa they equal or are
shorter than the perianth. In the latter species the crests are widest at or near the
apex of the bractlets, and the flowers thus appear obtuse or merely acutish. In
Gomphrena decumbens, furthermore, the flowers are very frequently tinged with red,
or are yellowish, while in the proposed new species they are a dull, clear white. It
is very probable that G. dispersa is to be found also in northern South America, but
so far no specimens have been seen nor do any of the descriptions of species from that
region appear to apply to it.
Gomphrena parviceps Standley, sp. nov.
Gomphrena decumbens pringlei Stuchlfk, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 11: 156.
1912, in part, not G. pringlei Coult. & Fish. 1892.
Prostrate or procumbent annual, much branched, the stems 10 to 30 cm. long,
slender or stout, often tinged with red, appressed-pilose; leaves numerous, subsessile,
the blades oblong or spatulate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse
at the apex, acutish at the base, green, appressed-pilose beneath, glabrate above;
spikes solitary or glomerate, terminal or axillary, subglobose, 7 mm. in diameter, each
spike or cluster of spikes subtended by 2 or several sessile leaves, these usually 2 to 3
times as long as the spikes; bracts broadly ovate, acuminate; bractlets 3 mm. long,
scarious, white, tinged with pink, twice as long as the bracts, narrowly cristate at the
apex, the crest obscurely denticulate, pink or white; perianth conspicuously exceed-
ing the bractlets, the lobes oblong, obtuse, truncate, or emarginate at the apex, the
outer ones subcoriaceous, white or pink, glabrous, the inner ones thin, bright green
except along the margin, very sparsely lanate; stamen tube about equaling the
perianth; style elongate, the stigmas filiform; seed ovoid, 1.5 mm. long, reddish
brown.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 354471, collected in the Valley of
Mexico, Federal District, Mexico, altitude 2,190 meters, October 3, 1899, by C. G.
Pringle (no. 8251).
Related to Gomphrena pringlei Coult. & Fish., but in that species the calyx lobes are
acute and the perianth merely equals the bractlets instead of exceeding them.
Gossypianthus brittonii Standley, sp. nov.
Caudex much branched both above and below the surface of the soil, the branches
stout or slender; stems numerous, prostrate, 4 to 9 cm. long, slender, lanate when
young but soon glabrate; basal leaves petiolate, the blades oblanceolate, 6 to 8 mm.
long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish, pilose above, pilose-sericeous beneath;
cauline leaves short-petiolate, the blades orbicular to oval, 2 to 4 mm. long, obtuse
or rounded at the apex, glabrate above, pilose beneath; flowers glomerate, the glomer-
* Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schinbr. 4: 41. pl. 482. 1804.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS, 93
ules much longer than the subtending leaves; bracts ovate to orbicular-ovate, nearly
equaling the sepals, obtuse or rounded at the apex, white, scarious, glabrous; sepals
2.5 to 3 mm. long, lance-oblong, acute, faintly 3-nerved, green along the nerves, the
margins white and scarious; filaments linear, dilated at the base; utricle oval; seed
oval, 1.2 mm. long, brown, shining.
Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected on arocky hill
in a palm barren, Santa Clara, Cuba, April, 1912, by N. L. Britton and J. F. Cowell
(no. 13318).
Apparently there are two species of Gossypianthus in the West Indies. One of
these, G. lanuginosus, was described from Santo Domingo, and is known also from
Mexico and Texas. In the Bernhardi Herbarium (Herb. Mo. Bot. Gard.) there is a
specimen from Santo Domingo, labeled Achyranthes piloselloides Poit., which agrees
in all respects with the common Texan plant. The Cuban Gossypianthus is appar-
ently distinct in having obtuse rather than acute or acuminate bracts and bractlets, a
much branched caudex, and much smaller leaves.
Iresine acicularis Standley, sp. nov.
Stems erect, stout, very sparsely pubescent with short slender hairs, the internodes
10 to 23 cm. long; petioles slender, 1 to 5.5 cm. long; leaf blades ovate or broadly
ovate, 6.5 to 20 cm. long, 3.5 to 10 cm. wide, or those within the inflorescence some-
what smaller, rather abruptly long-attenuate or acute, rounded or obtuse at the base
and abruptly short-decurrent, thin, bright green, very sparsely villous on the upper
surface with short remote soft yellowish white hairs, similarly pubescent beneath
and furnished in addition with numerous appressed shining amber-colored or bright
yellow acicular hairs, villous-ciliate, rather prominently veined, but the veins slender,
diverging at angles of from 50 to 70 degrees; inflorescence a broad, dense, somewhat
leafy panicle, 25 cm. long and 15 cm. broad, the rachises sparsely villous and bearing
in addition numerous stout, acicular, glistening amber-colored or yellow hairs, these
most abundant at the base of the spikelets; spikelets alternate, pediceled or sessile,
densely flowered, stout, 4 to 12 mm. long; bracts white, rounded-ovate to narrowly
ovate, acute, from half as long to fully as long as the sepals; sepals about 1.5 mm. long,
narrowly oblong, acute, those of the pistillate flowers 3-nerved, the flowers furnished
at the base with copious long white wool; staminal cup not lobed; utricle shorter than
the sepals; seed suborbicular, 0.5 mm. in diameter, dark reddish brown, shining.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 399603, collected on the Volcdn de
Fuego, Department of Sacatepequez, Guatemala, at an altitude of 2,700 meters, Feb-
ruary 20, 1905, by W. A. Kellerman (no. 4549).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
GUATEMALA: Near the Finca Sepacuité, 1902, Cook & Griggs 214.
Costa Rica: Chirripé Farm, 1900, Pittier 16078.
The proposed species is related to Iresine celosioides L., but is distinguished by the
dentate bracts, and more strongly by the peculiar pubescence of the inflorescence.
No other species of the genus is known to have trichomes of the same form.
Iresine arenaria Standley, sp. nov.
Erect perennial, suffrutescent at the base, much branched, the branches slender,
erect-ascending, green, striate, glabrous; petioles slender, 4 to 5 mm. long; leaf
blades linear to narrowly ovate, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, 2 to 12 mm. wide, acute or acumi-
nate, obtuse to acuminate at the base, rather thick, deep green, glabrous; flowers
polygamous, narrowly paniculate, the panicles open or congested, nearly naked, 4 to
20 cm. long, the branches slender or stout, ascending, short, the spikelets few, short or
elongate, pedunculate or sessile, the rachis densely lanate; bracts and bractlets
rounded-ovate, obtuse or acutish, short-cuspidate, hyaline, whitish-stramineous,
94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
densely short-villous; sepals oblong-oval, 1.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, 3-nerved,
densely pilose with soft white hairs; filaments subulate-linear, shorter than the sepals,
the staminodia one-third as long as the filaments, narrowly triangular, entire; style
short, the stigmas slender; utricle orbicular, compressed; seed orbicular, 1 mm.
broad, dark reddish brown, shining.
Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 636123, collected on a dry hillside at
Topolobampo, Sinaloa, Mexico, March 23, 1910, by J. N. Rose, P. C. Standley, and
P. G. Russell (no. 13292), Also obtained at the same locality in 1897 by Edward
Palmer (no. 191),
Similar in most respects to Iresine angustifolia, but distinguished by the well-devel-
oped staminodia, the obtuse or rounded rather than acute or acutish sepals, and the
densely villous bracts.
Iresine calea (Ibffiez) Standley.
Gomphrena latifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 10*: 349. 1843.
Alternanthera latifolia Moq. in DC. Prodr. 1837: 351, 1849.
Achyranthes calea Ibfiiez, Naturaleza 4: 79. 1879.
Tresine latifolia Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 42. 1880, not J. latifolia D. Dietr.
1839.
Tresine lava S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 454, 1886,
There are very few North American species of Iresine which have so extensive a list
of synonyms as the present species. Usually it has been known as Jresine latifolia
(Mart. & Gal.) Benth. & Hook., but that name is homonymous and consequently not
available, In spite of the fact that Ibéfiez uses several large pages of text and a col-
ored plate to characterize his proposed species, the present writer is not absolutely
certain that that plant is the same as the one heretofore known as Iresine latifolia.
Ibafiez’s description, however, applies better to the latter species than to any other
of which the writer has seen specimens, and his material came from a region in which
I, latifolia is known to grow; for which reasons it seems best to use Ibéfiez’s name in
this application, at least for the present.
Iresine costaricensis Standley, sp. nov.
Scandent shrub, much branched, the branches stout, terete, smooth, the younger
ones and those of the inflorescence densely pubescent with short stout appressed ful-
vous hairs; petioles stout, 7 to 17 mm. long; leaf blades oval to oblong-elliptic, 11 to
18 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate or long-attenuate, obtuse at the base,
thick, sparsely short-villous on the upper surface and deep green, appressed-pilose
beneath with slender stiff hairs; flowers perfect, in a loose, much branched, naked,
terminal panicle sometimes 50 cm. long, the branches slender, spreading, opposite or
verticillate, the spikelets 3 mm, thick or less, sessile, few-flowered, the rachis canes-
cent; bracts and bractlets less than half as long as the sepals, suborbicular, fuscous-
stramineous, sparsely short-villous; sepals oval-oblong, 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, 3-nerved,
brownish-fuscous, densely pilose, the hairs stiff, grayish, scarcely exceeding the
sepals; filaments shorter than the sepals, the staminodia short, entire; style short,
the stigmas short and stout.
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 861225, collected at Las Vueltas, Tucu-
rrique, Costa Rica, in 1899, by A. Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no, 13183).
Also collected at the same locality by the same collector in 1898 (no. 12919).
The proposed species belongs to that section of the genus which was once given
generic rank by Martius under the name Trommsdorffia. It is a relative of Iresine
argentata (Mart.) D, Dietr., a species occurring in Porto Rico, Colombia, and Venezuela,
which has larger flowers, mostly pedunculate spikelets, and acute or abruptly acute
leaf blades.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS, 95
Iresine heterophylla Standley, sp. nov.
Iresine celosioides obtusifolia Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2: 364. 1894,
Tresine paniculata obtusifolia Coulter; Uline & Bray, Bot. Gaz. 21: 354. 1896.
Perennial from long slender branching woody rootstocks; stems herbaceous, stout,
erect or ascending, solitary or several from a single base, simple up to the inflorescence,
50 to 100 cm. high, swollen at the nodes, often sulcate, short-villous at the nodes,
sparsely pubescent elsewhere with very short stout soft hairs, the internodes 1.5 to 10
cm. long; leaves usually asymmetrical, very variable in outline, the lower ones much
broader and more obtuse than the upper ones; petioles stout, 2 to 20 mm. long, the
uppermost leaves usually sessile or subsessile; blades of the lower leaves broadly
rhombic-ovate, often as broad as long, frequently with fascicles of small leaves in
the axils, 3 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, rounded to acutish, the apex always blunt,
rounded or abruptly acute at the base and more or less decurrent, thick and firm,
yellowish green, scabrous or smooth on the upper surface, pubescent beneath along
the veins with short stiff hairs, scabrous and denticulate on the margins, the veins
prominent beneath, coarse, the lateral ones diverging at a very acute angle, nearly
parallel and all extending more than halfway to the margin; blades of the upper
leaves ovate to narrowly ovate or oval, obtuse or acute, smaller than the lower blades
but with similar pubescence; inflorescence a narrow, dense, much branched panicle
15 to 40 cm. long and 3 to 9 cm. broad, the branches erect or ascending, sparsely
villous; spikelets stout, densely flowered, 4 to 23 mm. long; bracts one-half to one-
third as long as the sepals, ovate-orbicular, acute, entire; sepals 1 to 1.8 mm. long,
elliptic-oblong, yellowish white, acuminate to acutish, those of the pistillate flowers
3-nerved; lobes of the staminal cup broadly rounded; utricle shorter than the sepals;
seed suborbicular, 0.6 mm. in diameter, dark reddish brown, shining.
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 304251, collected near the city of Durango,
Mexico, in 1896, by Edward Palmer (no. 562).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Texas: Wright 587. Mexican Boundary Survey 1199. Nealley 231. Uvalde,
1880, Palmer 1137. ILnndhetmer 1110. Georgetown, 1880, Palmer 1135.
New Mexico: Gila Hot Springs, 1903, Metcalfe 827 (Herb. N. Y.).
Arizona: Mule Mountains, 1911, Goodding 1009.
Sonora: Oputo, 1894, Hartman 2138.
CuInuAHUA: Candelaria, 1911, Stearns 235. 1885, Palmer 291. Santa Eulalia
Hills, 1885, Wilkinson. Near Chihuahua, 1885, Pringle 348.
CoaHuita: 1880, Palmer 1136. Sierra de Paila, 1910, Purpus 5086 (Herb. Univ.
Calif.).
The specimens listed above have been referred to Iresine celosioides, but that widely
dispersed plant is an annual, or essentially so, with all its leaves similar, and the
sepals of the pistillate flowers obtuse or merely acutish.
Iresine nitens Standley, sp. nov.
Erect shrub, sparsely branched, the branches erect, striate, densely and closely
pilose-sericeous with lustrous silvery white hairs, glabrate in age; petioles 5 to 7 mm.
long; leaf blades lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 13 mm. wide,
long-acuminate or acute, acute at the base, thick and firm, when young strigose-pilose
with lustrous white hairs, soon glabrate, the lateral veins conspicuous, ascending;
flowers dicecious, paniculate, the panicle on a long naked peduncle, very narrow,
elongate, the simple primary branches very short, the spikelets elongate, mostly
sessile, the rachis densely lanate; bracts and bractlets of the pistillate flowers equaling
the sepals, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, hyaline, stramineous or fuscous,
glabrous, the sepals narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm. long, long-attenuate, 3-nerved,
densely lanate, the long soft hairs brownish; style nearly as long as the ovary, the
stigmas short, slender; utricle oblong, acute; seed 1 mm. long, yellowish brown,
shining.
96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 464048, collected at Tehuacadn, Puebla,
Mexico, September, 1911, by C. A. Purpus (no. 5667).
Closely related to Iresine schaffneri S. Wats., but distinguishable by the lustrous
pubescence of the stems and by the fact that the leaves are early glabrate rather
than permanently pubescent.
Iresine pacifica Standley, sp. nov.
Erect shrub, much branched, the branches ascending, slender, striate, green,
glabrous except about the inflorescence, there very sparsely short-villous; petioles
slender, 4 to 11 mm. long; leaf blades broadly ovate or rhombic-ovate to lance-oblong,
or the uppermost lanceolate, 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 4 cm. wide, acute to long-
acuminate, acute at the base, thin, glabrous, or very sparsely short-villous along
the veins beneath; flowers polygamo-moncecious, in broad, open, much branched,
sparsely leafy panicles, the branches elongate, very slender, ascending or spreading,
the spikelets short, nearly all sessile, the rachis lanate; bracts and bractlets less than
half as long as the flowers, suborbicular, rounded at the apex, short-villous, brown;
sepals oval-oblong, 1.5 mm. long, rounded at the apex, 3-nerved, densely pilose with
long soft brownish hairs; filaments shorter than the sepals, the staminodia less than
half as long as the filaments, narrowly triangular, entire; style short, the stigmas
slender; seed orbicular, slightly compressed, 0.6 mm. broad, black and shining.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 208570, collected near Manzanillo,
Mexico, December, 1890, by Edward Palmer (no. 1074).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
Mexico: Manzanillo, 1890, Palmer 932. Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa, November 1,
1904, Brandegee.
This species is related to Iresine angustifolia Fuphrasén (I. elatior Rich.), but is
readily distinguished by the rounded or obtuse bracts and bractlets and the broader
leaves.
Tresine rotundifolia Standley, sp. nov.
Low shrub, fruticose nearly throughout, much branched, the branches stout, ascend-
ing or divergent, dark gray or blackish, the branchlets stout, densely tomentose;
leaves few, remote, undeveloped in the staminate plant at anthesis; petioles stout,
1 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades orbicular to broadly ovate-oval, 3.5 to 17 mm. long, 3.5 to
12 mm. wide, broadly rounded at the base, rounded or obtuse at the apex, sometimes
emarginate, coriaceous, deep green and puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface,
densely yellowish-tomentose beneath, the veins conspicuous beneath and usually
evident on the upper surface; flowers dicecious; staminate spikelets 6 to 9 mm. long,
densely flowered, in fascicles of 2 to 4 at the ends of short fruticose branches; bracts
and bractlets ovate-orbicular, less than a third as long as the sepals, scarious, yellow-
ish white, glabrous or nearly so, the sepals narrowly oblong, 3 mm. long, obtuse,
sparsely short-villous at the apex; filaments slightly exserted, the tube very short,
the staminodia minute; pistillate spikes (immature) short, densely flowered, in
short, narrow terminal panicles, the bracts and bractlets broadly ovate, obtuse or
acute, fuscous, glabrate.
Type in the herbarium of the University of California (fragment in the U. 8. National
Herbarium), no. 135872, collected in the vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla,
Mexico, May, 1908, by ©. A. Purpus (no. 3452). This specimen is taken from a stami-
nate plant. The pistillate plant, with the inflorescence very immature, was collected
at Esperanza in May, 1911, by C. A. Purpus (no. 5864), this also in the herbarium of
the University of California.
A very distinct species, because of the prevailingly suborbicular leaves and the
peculiar form of the staminate inflorescence.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS, 97
Iresine stricta Standley, sp. nov.
Erect shrub, 30 to 80 cm. high, sparsely branched, the branches suberect, slender or
stout, striate, densely stellate-canescent; petioles stout, 2 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades
oblong-oval, ovate-oblong, broadly ovate, or ovate-rhombic, 1.3 to 3.5 cm, long, 5 to
15 mm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the apex, obtuse or rounded at the base, subcoria-
ceous, stellate-canescent on the upper surface when young, glabrate in age, densely
stellate-canescent beneath, subrugose, the veins coarse, prominent beneath, ascend-
ing; flowers dicecious, the panicle on a naked peduncle 10 to 15 cm. long, narrow,
the primary branches elongate and ascending or usually very short; spikelets elongate,
slender, sessile, the rachis lanate; bracts and bractlets of the staminate flowers half
as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, pilose, the sepals oblong, obtuse or acute, pilose,
hyaline, dull white; filaments equaling the sepals, the staminodia short, fimbriate at
the apex; bracts and bractlets of the pistillate flowers equaling the sepals, pilose, the
sepals ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 mm. long, acuminate, 3-nerved, white, densely long-
pilose, the hairs exceeding the perianth, soft, white; stigmas elongate, filiform; seed
1 mm. long, reddish brown, shining.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 453412, collected near Tehuacd4n, Puebla,
Mexico, in 1905, by J. N. Rose, J. H. Painter, and J. S. Rose (no. 9919).
ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED:
PuEBLA: San Luis Tultitlanapa, 1907, Purpus 2834. Cerro de Coatepec, August,
1907, Purpus 2757 (Herb. Univ. Calif.).
In general appearance and in floral characters near Iresine schaffneri 8. Wats., but
clearly distinct in its indument of branched hairs.
Tresine tomentella Standley, sp. nov.
Shrub; branches slender, sparsely whitish-tomentose when young, glabrate in age;
petioles 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long, tomentulose when young; leaf blades oblong-elliptic,
elliptic, or oblanceolate-oblong, 12.5 to 21.5 cm. long, 3.3 to 6.5 cm, wide, cuneate at
the base, acute or long-acuminate at the apex, usually somewhat abruptly so, thin,
bright green, glabrous above, loosely tomentose beneath along the veins when young,
glabrate in age, the lateral veins conspicuous, arcuate-ascending; flowers polygamous,
loosely paniculate, the panicle 9.5 cm. long and as broad, the branches ascending,
thinly tomentose, the basal bracts linear, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; spikelets sessile, few,
flowered, 2 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, the rachis lanate; bracts and bractlets ovate-
orbicular, half as long as the sepals, obtuse or acutish, stramineous, hyaline, glabrous;
sepals oval, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely lanate at the base, stramineous; stam-
inodia minute.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 572522, collected near Gémez Farias-
Tamaulipas, Mexico, altitude 350 meters, April, 1907, by Edward Palmer (no. 291).
A near relative of Iresine arbuscula Uline & Bray, which is known only from the
type locality, Volc4n de Tecuamburro, Guatemala, but differing from that species by
the tomentose branches and leaves and shorter petioles.
Iresine wrightii Standley, sp. nov.
Shrub; branches slender, terete, smooth, the young ones and those of the inflo-
rescence densely canescent; petioles stout, 3 to 7 mm. long; leaf blades obovate-
oblong or oval-oblong, broadest above the middle, 7 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide,
acute at the apex, acute or acuminate at the base, rather thin, sparsely appressed-
pilose beneath or glabrate; flowers perfect, paniculate, the panicles pyramidal, loosely
branched, naked, the branches spreading, opposite, the spikelets short, pedunculate or
sessile; bracts and bractlets one-third as long as the sepals, suborbicular, stramineous,
sparsely short-villous or glabrate; sepals elliptic-oblong, 2.5 mm. long, acute, brownish-
fuscous, faintly nerved, short-villous at the apex, pilose at the base, the hairs sordid
white, stiff, about equaling the sepals; filaments filiform, shorter than the sepals, the
staminodia very short, entire; style short, the stigmas short and stout.
5431°—16——2
98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 48566, collected in Nicaragua by Charles
Wright.
This, like Iresine costaricensis, is related to I. argentata. It differs from the latter,
however, in having thin rather than subcoriaceous leaf blades, which are acute at the
base and broadest above the middle, rather than rounded at the base and broadest at
or below the middle.
NEW OR NOTABLE ALLIONIACEAE.
In the course of preparing a monograph of the North American
representatives of the genus Torrubia two undescribed species have
been discovered—one from Mexico and one from Guadeloupe. This
group has usually been referred to Pisonia, but several years ago
Dr. N. L. Britton showed ' the inconsistency of retaining it in that
genus, and transferred to it all the West Indian species then known.
A number of West Indian species of Pisonia have since been described
which are properly referable to Torrubia and are here transferred to
that genus. At the same time it seems desirable to make the proper
nomenclatorial combinations for the South American species of Tor-
rubia. There is appended also a description of a new Panamanian
species of the closely related genus Neca.
Several years ago the writer proposed the name Commicarpus ? for
that section of the genus Boerhaavia having glanduliferous fruits
borne in umbels or verticels. The genus is well marked, besides, by
the scandent habit of the plants. At the time the new genus was
proposed only the Mexican species were transferred to it. Most of
the other species are African. The writer takes this opportunity of
transferring them, also, to Commicarpus.
Two South American Allioniaceae, also, described as species of
Mirabilis, are here transferred to Allionia.
Neea delicatula Standley, sp. nov.
Branches slender, greenish gray, glabrous, the branchlets slender, ferrugino-puber-
ulent when young but soon glabrate, the internodes short; petioles slender, 4 to 7
mm. long; leaves alternate, the blades elliptic, elliptic-obovate, or oblong-oval, 2.2
to 6 cm. long, 9 to 20 mm. wide, cuneate to acutish at the base, abruptly acuminate
at the apex, the tip narrowly triangular, acutish or usually obtuse, the blades thin,
deep green, concolorous, glabrous and dull on the upper surface, sparsely rufo-puberu-
lent beneath along the midvein, the margins plane, the lateral veins obsolete or nearly
so; peduncles of the staminate cymes 2.2 to 4.5 cm. long, terminal and axillary, nearly
filiform, flexuous, glabrous, the cymes few or many-flowered, 2 to 5 cm. wide, the
flowers on slender pedicels 4 to 15 mm. long; bractlets triangular-oblong, acute, 1 mm.
long, puberulent; staminate perianth urceolate, acutish at the base, 4.5 mm. long,
3mm. wide, puberulent at the apex, elsewhere glabrate, minutely 5-dentate; stamens
7, the filaments very unequal, the anthers 1 mm. long; pistillate flowers and fruit not
known.
1 Bull, Torrey Club 81: 611-615. 1904.
? Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373. 1909.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS. 99
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 678516, collected in forests on dry lime-
stone around Alhajuela, Chagres Valley, Panama, altitude 30 to 100 meters, May, 1911,
by H. Pittier (no. 3472). ;
Related to Neea psychotrioides, but that species has much larger leaves with more
conspicuous veins, broader cymes which are more pubescent, a larger perianth, and
usually 5 stamens.
Torrubia dussii Standley, sp. nov,
Pisonia obtusata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 624. 1896, in part, not P,
obtusata Jacq.
Tree of medium size; branches stout, rugose, sordid-grayish, the branchlets stout,
glabrous except along the nodes, there puberulent, the internodes short; leaves oppo-
site, unequal, the petioles rather stout, 4 to 8 mm. long, glabrous; leaf blades oval
or oval-oblong, 8 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 6 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base, ab-
ruptly acute or cuspidately short-acuminate at the apex, rarely acute, the tip usually
obtuse, thin, concolorous, lustrous above, dull beneath, glabrous, the margins plane,
the lateral veins slender, straight, 6 to 12 on each side, the veinlets nearly obsolete,
laxly and sparsely reticulate; peduncles stout, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, glabrous, the inflo-
rescence cymose, 6 to 8 cm. broad, many-flowered, glabrous, the branches stout, the
flowers sessile, glomerate, the bractlets oblong or deltoid-oblong, acutish, 1 mm. long
or shorter, glabrous; staminate perianth funnelform-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long,
glabrous, the limb nearly entire; stamens 6, half longer than the perianth; anthocarp
ellipsoid, 11 mm. long, 3 mm. in diameter.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 592420, collected in Guadeloupe, April
15, 1893, by Pére Duss (no. 2170).
Related to Torrubia fragrans, but distinct in the large, nearly glabrous staminate
perianth and the glabrous branches of the inflorescence.
Torrubia potosina Standley, sp. nov.
Branches slender, grayish, striolate, the branchlets slender, sparsely ferrugino-
puberulent when young, the internodes 1.5 to 7 cm. long; leaves opposite, subequal
or unequal, the petioles slender, 4 to 6 mm. long, sparsely ferrugino-puberulent; leaf
blades oval or oblong-oval, rarely orbicular-oval, 5 to 10.5, or rarely only 3.5, cm. long,
2.2 to 5 cm. wide, rounded or acutish at the base, acute or usually cuspidately acute
or acuminate at the apex, thin, glabrous, concolorous, slightly lustrous on the upper
surface, the lateral veins prominent, divergent, nearly straight, about 8 on each side,
laxly anastomosing near the margins, the secondary veins laxly and inconspicuously
reticulate; pistillate peduncles terminal and axillary, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, very slender,
sparsely puberulent or glabrous, the inflorescence few-flowered, cymose-paniculate,
1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, the branches opposite or dichotomous, divergent, sparsely ferru-
gino-puberulent, the flowers solitary or in cymules of 3, sessile or on pedicels 4 mm.
long or shorter, the bractlets acute, about 0.5 mm. long, puberulent; pistillate perianth
elliptic-oblong, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, slightly constricted in the throat, sparsely puberu-
lent, the teeth triangular, acute, erect; anthocarp oval, 7 mm. long and 4.5 mm. in
diameter; fruit finely striate; seed elliptic-oblong, 6 mm. long and 2.5 to 3 mm. in
diameter, brown.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 570197, collected near Rascén, San
Luis Potosi, Mexico, June, 1905, by Edward Palmer (no. 675).
The proposed species is of particular interest, since it is the second Torrubia to be
reported north of Costa Rica. The other Mexican species, 7. linearibracteata, has been
described only recently, from Yucatan. Torrubia potosina is related, apparently, to
T. costaricana and T’. linearibracteata, but differs from both in its lax, few-flowered
inflorescence and broader leaves.
100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Torrubia areolata (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia areolata Heimerl, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1890: 159. 1891.
Torrubia boliviana (Britton) Standley.
Pisonia boliviana Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 125. 1900; Heimer], Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 42: 80. 1908.
Torrubia cafferiana (Casar.) Standley.
Pisonia cafferiana Casar. Nov. Stirp. Bras. Dec. 68. 1842.
Torrubia campestris (Netto) Standley.
Pisonia campestris Netto, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 5: 83. 1866.
Torrubia combretiflora (Mart.) Standley.
Pisonia combretiflora Mart.; Schmidt in Mart. Fl Bras. 147: 360. 1872.
Torrubia coriifolia (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia coriifolia Heimer] in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 213. 1912.
Torrubia cuspidata (Heimer!) Standley.
Pisonia cuspidata Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 628. 1896.
Torrubia domingensis (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia obtusata domingensis Heimerl in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 215. 1912.
Torrubia eggersiana (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia eggersiana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 627, 1896.
Torrubia ferruginea (Klotzsch) Standley,
Pisonia ferruginea Klotzsch; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 137: 445. 1849.
Torrubia fragrans (DuM. de Cours.) Standley.
Pisonia fragrans DuM. de Cours. Bot. Cult. ed. 2. 7: 114. 1814.
Pisonia inermis Jacq. err. det. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 71. 1864, in part.
Torrubia graciliflora (Mart.) Standley.
Pisonia graciliflora Mart; Schmidt in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14?: 358. 1872.
Torrubia harrisiana (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia harrisiana Heimerl in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 214. 1912.
Torrubia hassleriana (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia hassleriana Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 426. 1906.
Torrubia hirsuta (Choisy) Standley.
Pisonia hirsuta Choisy in DC. Prodr. 137: 445. 1849.
Torrubia laxiflora (Choisy) Standley.
Pisonia laxiflora Choisy in DC. Prodr, 137: 444, 1849.
Torrubia ligustrifolia (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia ligustrifolia Heimerl in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 507. 1918.
Torrubia linearibracteata (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia linearibracteata Heimerl, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 12: 221. 1913.
Torrubia luteovirens (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia luteovirens Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 56: 425. 1906.
Torrubia microphylla (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia microphylla Heimer] in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 215. 1912.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS, 101
Torrubia nitida (Mart.) Standley.
Pisonia nitida Mart.; Schmidt in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14”: 3856. 1872.
Torrubia noxia (Netto) Standley.
Pisonia noxia Netto, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. 5: 80. pl. 7. 1866.
Torrubia olfersiana (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Standley.
Pisonia olfersiana Link, Klotzsch & Otto Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 36, pl. 15, 1841.
Torrubia pacurero (H. B. K.) Standley.
Pisonia pacurero H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 218, 1817.
Torrubia paraguayensis (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia paraguayensis Heimerl, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien 62: 7. 1912.
Torrubia pernambucensis (Casar.) Standley.
Pisonia pernambucensis Casar. Nov. Stirp. Bras. Dec. 69. 1842.
Torrubia salicifolia (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia salicifolia Heimerl in Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 216. 1912.
Torrubia schomburgkiana (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia schomburgkiana Heimer], Jahresb. Staats-Oberrealsch. Fiinfhaus 23:
[Reprint, 34.] 1897.
Torrubia tomentosa (Casar.) Standley.
Pisonia tomentosa Casar. Nov. Stirp. Bras. Dec. 69. 1842.
Torrubia suspensa (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia suspensa Heimerl, Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 19: 34. 1913.
Torrubia uleana (Heimerl) Standley.
Pisonia uleana Heimerl, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 42: 80. 1908.
Torrubia venosa (Choisy) Standley.
Pisonia vernosa Choisy in DC. Prodr. 187: 444, 1849.
Commicarpus grandiflorus (A. Rich.) Standley.
Boerhaavia grandiflora A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 209. 1851.
Commicarpus plumbagineus (Cay.) Standley.
Boerhaavia plumbaginea Cav. Icon, Pl. 2: 7. pl. 112. 1798.
Commicarpus repandus (Willd.) Standley.
Boerhaavia repanda Willd. Sp, Pl. 1: 22. 1797.
Commicarpus squarrosus (Heimerl) Standley.
Boerhaavia squarrosa Heimerl, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 813. 1896.
Commicarpus tuberosus (Lam.) Standley.
Boerhaavia tuberosa Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 10. 1791.
Commicarpus verticillatus (Poir.) Standley.
Boerhaavia verticillata Poir. Dict. Sci. Nat. 5: 56. 1804.
Allionia arenaria (Heimerl) Standley.
Mirabilis arenaria Heimer], Bot. Jahrb. Engler 42: 74. 1908.
Allionia campanulata (Heimerl) Standley.
Mirabilis campanulata Heimer], Bot. Jahrb. Engler 42: 75. 1908.
102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
NEW CAESALPINIACEAE FROM PANAMA.
The genus Cassia is represented in Panama by at least 20 species
of diverse forms. Three of them appear to be new and are described
here. There occur in the same region 10 species of Chamaccrista,
one of which is undescribed. In this connection there are included
also two new combinations in Chamaecrista, for species occurring in
Panama.
Cassia falcinella Standley, sp. nov.
Stems terete or very obscurely 5-angled, striate, copiously cinereous-puberulent
with tawny hairs; leaves numerous, approximate; stipules lingar, falcate, 10 mm.
long, 0.75 mm. wide, green, nerved, subulate-tipped, cinereous-puberulent; rachis of
_ the leaf about 35 mm. long, tipped with a subulate appendage 3 mm. long, the lower
pair of leaflets borne 20 to 25 mm. above the base; petiolar glands 2, one or rarely 2
glands borne between each pair of leaflets, 2 to 3 mm. long, slender-cylindric or rarely
conic, acute, black; leaflets 2 pairs, asymmetrical, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblong,
5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, abruptly long-acuminate at the apex, the tip acute,
14 mm, long or less, obtuse or rounded and unequal at the base, firm in texture,
subcoriaceous, glabrous, lustrous on the upper surface, concolorous, conspicuously
veined; inflorescence a dense many-flowered leafy terminal panicle, its branches
densely cinereous-puberulent with yellow hairs; peduncles rather stout, 7 to 18 mm,
long; bracts similar to the stipules but shorter and thinner, some of them narrowly
linear-lanceolate and not falcate; sepals subequal, 4 mm. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse,
densely pubescent with short appressed curved yellow hairs; petals bright yellow,
about 13 mm. long, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, clawed, abundantly
cinereous on the outer surface; anthers glabrous, nearly equal, the 3 lower slightly
beaked; ovary strongly curved, densely covered with appressed yellowish hairs,
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 715333, collected in the vicinity of San
Felix, eastern Chiriqui, Panama, altitude 120 meters or less, December, 1911, by
H. Pittier (no. 5147).
Closely related to Cassia undulata, but distinguished readily by the narrower stipules
and bracts and by the broader, abruptly acuminate leaflets. In that species the
stipules are more than 2 mm, wideand the bracts of the inflorescence oblong-lanceo-
late to oval, while the leaflets are acute or abruptly acute.
Cassia caudata Standley, sp. nov.
Mature stems not seen, the young ones slender, terete, glabrous; rachis of the leaves
terete, striate, 15 to 19 cm. long, the lower pair of leaflets borne 9 to 12 cm. above the
base; stipules not seen; petiolar gland one, 2.5 mm. long, obtusely conic, borne between
the lower pair of leaflets; petiolules stout, about 5 mm. long; leaflets 2 pairs, elliptic-
oblong to ovate, 13 to 21 cm. long, 7 to 9 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the base
and slightly unequal, acutish at the apex and abruptly contracted into an acute
caudate tip 15 to 30 mm. long, thin, glabrous, bright green on the upper surface but
not lustrous, decidedly paler beneath; leaflets of the lower pair shorter and broader than
those of the upper; inflorescence of axillary several-flowered racemes or panicles about
7 cm. long, the branches appressed-puberulent with yellowish hairs; bracts linear-
subulate, 3 mm. long; pedicels ascending, 15 to 20 mm. long; calyx lobes unequal,
4to 7 mm. long, obtuse, sparingly puberulent, green; petals bright yellow with dark
veins, about 20 mm. long, 12 mm. wide or less, rounded at the apex, conspicuously
clawed; anthers glabrous, slightly unequal, the 3 lower with short cylindric beaks;
ovary terete, densely appressed-pubescent.
STANDLEY—TROPICAL AMERICAN PHANEROGAMS. 103
Type in the U.S. National Herbarium, no. 679652, collected in forests of the upper
Mamont River, Province of Panama, Panama, altitude 150 to 400 meters, October,
1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4491).
In Bentham’s revision of the genus this falls into the section Chamaefistula, series
Bacillares.! It is related to Cassia bacillaris and C. inaequilatera, but from these and
their allies it differs in having long-caudate leaflets. From each species it differs
also in various minor respects.
Cassia regia Standley, sp. nov.
Tree; older branches blackish gray, slightly furrowed; young branches succulent,
obtusely 5-angled, densely velvety-pubescent with short yellowish hairs; stipules
linear-subulate, 2 mm. long, early deciduous; rachis of the leaf about 30 cm. long,
the lowest pair of leaflets borne 2 cm. above its base, densely velvety-pubescent;
petiolar glands none; leaflets about 20 pairs, approximate, narrowly oblong, 26 to
60 mm. long, 10 to 16 mm. wide, the lower and the uppermost shorter than those
along the middle of the rachis, all acute, or the lower obtuse, apiculate, slightly
unequal at the base and from truncate to acute, lustrous on the upper surface, con-
spicuously veined, and furnished with numerous fine short stiff appressed hairs,
beneath slightly paler, with sparse, short, spreading or appressed hairs, more promi-
nently veined than on the upper surface; petiolules very thick, about 1 mm. long;
inflorescence of numerous slender, solitary or clustered racemes 10 to 16 mm. long,
borne on the old branches, densely velvety-pubescent with short hairs; bracts subu-
late, small, deciduous before anthesis; pedicels ascending, 14 to 18 mm. long; sepals
subequal, 7 mm. long, 4 mm. wide, oval-oblong, rounded at the apex, purple, with
rather few minute appressed hairs; petals 12 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, orbicular-oval
or broadly obovate, rounded at the apex, contracted at the base into a slender claw,
pale yellow with conspicuous purple veins, glabrous; anthers 2 mm. long, sparingly
pilose, the lobes smooth; ovary strongly curved, densely covered with appressed
whitish hairs.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 677196, collected around El Parafso,
Canal Zone, Panama, altitude 30 to 100 meters, January 24, 1911, by H. Pittier (no.
2532). Additional material is mounted on sheet 677197.
Similar to Cassia grandis, but readily distinguished by its purple, sparingly pubes-
cent sepals, and by its acute leaflets. The pubescence of the leaflets is much less
abundant than in C. grandis, where it might be called tomentose. Specimens of the
two species are very unlike in general appearance.
Chamaecrista simplex Standley, sp. nov.
Annual; stems erect, very slender, simple or with a few erect branches above,
sparingly cinereous below, densely so above; leaves few and distant; stipules narrowly
linear-lanceolate, 10 to 13 mm. long, attenuate, aristate-tipped, appressed, strongly
nerved, ciliolate; rachis of the leaf 65 to 80 mm. long, bearing leaflets to within 3 or4
mm. of the base; petiolar gland sessile, cup-shaped, inserted just below the lowest
pair of leaflets; leaflets 18 to 25 pairs, oblong or linear-oblong, 5 to 7 mm. long, about
1.5 mm. wide, acutish, mucronate, very oblique at the base, glabrous, ciliolate,
rather thick and subcoriaceous, very prominently pinnate-nerved, the midvein
excentric; flowers few in each cluster, on pedicels 3 mm. long or less, the bracts similar
to the stipules but smaller and broader; sepals lanceolate, 5 mm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, appressed, pubescent; petals about 6 mm. long; legumes erect, 35 to 40 mm.
long, 4 mm. wide, obtuse, short-beaked, abundantly hirtellous.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 679815, collected in the Sabana de
Dormisolo, near Chepo, Province of Panama, Panama, at an altitude of 60 to 80 meters,
October, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4655).
1Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 519. 1871.
104. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Related, perhaps, to C’. patellaria, which it resembles in the sessile petiolar glands,
but from which it differs conspicuously enough in the slender, simple or nearly simple
stems with appressed pubescence, and in the small, subcoriaceous leaflets which are
very oblique at the base.
Chamaecrista stenocarpa (Vog.) Standley.
Cassia stenocarpa Vog. Gen. Cass. Syn. 68. 1837.
Chamaecrista tagera (L.) Standley.
Cassia tagera L. Sp. Pl. 538. 1753.
NEW OR NOTABLE MIMOSACEAE FROM PANAMA.
This characteristically tropical family is well represented in Panama
by both herbaceous and woody forms. >
180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. \ at
certain degree excusable. The description of /nga paterno, although
broad enough to include both types, seems to apply better to the
species commonly known as “ paterno.” In the following paragraphs
I have tried to define the specific characters more clearly, adding also
those of the fruit.
Inga paterno Harms, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 13: 419. 1914. PLATE 88.
A medium-sized tree; branchlets terete, lenticellose, glabrous.
Leaves glabrous or glabrescent; rachis more or less broadly marginate be-
tween the leaflets, 8.5 to 15 em. long, the petiolar part 2 to 2.5 cm.; stipules
obovate to oblong, subobtuse, persistent, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 0.6 to 1 cm. broad ;
leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, petiolulate; glands sessile, almost urceolate, sometimes
obsolete or reduced to one between the basal leaflets; petiolules glabrescent, 4
to 6 mm. long; leaflet blades elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, oblique, rounded,
acute, or subcuneate at the base, obtuse at the apex or acuminate with an ob-
tuse tip, coriaceous, light green and lustrous above, dull beneath, more or less
reticulate on both faces, those of the basal pair 4 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm.
broad, those of the terminal pair 14 to 17 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary on foliate or defoliate nodes, or terminal and panicu-
late; spikes short-pedunculate or long-pedunculate, single or geminate; pe-
duncles 8 to 7.5 em. long, glabrous; bractlets Subulate, pubescent, shorter than
the pedicels; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long, glabrous; calyx tubular, 1 to 2.5 (2)
mm. long, almost glabrous, the teeth acute, about 0.5 mm, long, more or less
puberulous; corolla glabrous, tubular-campanulate, 3.5 to 7.5 mm. long, the
lobes acute, pilosulous, about 1.5 mm. long; staminal tube included; ovary
glabrous, substipitate.
Legume pedunculate, laterally long-stipitate, rounded at the apex, glabrescent,
2 or 8-seeded, 9 to 12 em. long, 4 to 5 em, broad; seeds ovoid-oblong, about 3 cm.
long and 1 cm. broad, depressed.
Costa Rica: San José de Costa Rica, April 6, 1903, Cook & Doyle 15. In
a coffee plantation near Alajuela, flowers, March, 1896, J. D. Smith
6490.
GuATEMALA!: Barberena, Department of Santa Rosa, alt. 1,000 meters,
flowers, July, 1893, Heyde & Lux (J. D. Smith, no 3280). San Miguel
Uspantin, Department of Quiché, alt. about 2,000 meters, flowers,
April, 1892, Heyde & Lux (J. D. Smith, no. 3309). Chinantla, near
Guatemala City, fruits and flowers, May, 1892, J. D. Smith 2819.
Escuintla, Department of Escuintla, fruits, April, 1892, J. D. Smith
2820. Cuajinilapa, Department of Santa Rosa, alt. 850 meters,
flowers, November, 1893, Heyde & Lux (J. D. Smith, no 1893).
Mexico: Oaxaca, flowers, April 9, 1894, #. W. Nelson 349.
Inga paterno is very variable in its characters, especially with regard to the
dimensions of the flowers and leaves. The former, however, are always dis-
tinctly pedicellate, and this, along with the large, persistent stipules, distin- .
guishes it from J. jinicuil, with which it often has been confused. It differs
from I. cordistipula in the shape and number of leaflets and in the details of
the much smaller flowers. The short, stipitate, few-seeded fruit is sufficient to
distinguish I. paterno from I. radians, which has long, exstipitate, many-seeded
legumes; but the leaflets also differ in shape, dominating number, and texture,
while the floral spikes are erect in the former and loose in the latter, which
has besides decidedly larger flowers.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 88.—Two fruits of a Guatemalan specimen of Inga paterno
mentioned above, Heyde ¢ Lux (J. D. Smith, no. 2820), in the John Donnell Smith
Herbarium. Natural size.
Contr, Nat, Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 88.
FRUIT OF INGA PATERNO HARMS.
PITTIER—REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 181
SPECIES TRANSFERRED TO OR FROM DIADEMA.
With Inga stipularis DC., placed by Bentham under Pseudinga,
series Glabriflorae, 7. cordistipula Mart., considered as a Leptinga,
and J. cinnamomea Spruce and J. duckei Huber, placed with Diadema,
the Central American species /. radians Pittier and /. paterno Harms
form a natural group, characterized by the large, foliaceous, persist-
ent or subpersistent stipules. As the first two species further show
the same short, capitate or clavate floral rachis which is character-
istic of the other species of section Diadema, they should also be
included in it.
In his notes on Mimoseae,’ prefacing the enumeration of the species
of Inga, Bentham states that the absolute character relied on for dis-
tinguishing Inga from Pithecolobium is the simply pinnate leaves.
Without contradicting this assertion I feel obliged to assume, from
the observation of the habit and general appearance of the trees and
from the critical examination of their floral and carpological char-
acters, that some once-pinnate species placed in the genus Inga
really belong to the section Caulanthon of Pithecolobium. I refer
to Inga tubulifera, I. rufescens, I. globulifera, and I. billbergiana,
which are very closely related to each other and at the same time
look strikingly like Pithecolobium glomeratum, but for their once
pinnate leaves. In Panama I collected flowering and fruiting speci-
mens of /, rufescens and of some related forms which I take to be
L, globulifera and I. billbergiana. The trees had unmistakably the
appearance of the above-mentioned Pithecolobium, and this likeness
was thoroughly confirmed by the prefloral arrangement of the buds
and especially by the curled, dehiscent, bright red pods. Considering
that characters drawn from the flowers and fruits should have in
every case more weight than one single leaf peculiarity, I do not
hesitate to propose the transfer of these species, which also should
be reduced to two, as follows:
Pithecolobium tubuliferum (Benth.) Pittier.
Inga tubulifera Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 584. 1845.
Pithecolobium rufescens (Benth.) Pittier.
Inga rufescens Benth. op. cit. 4: 585.
Inga globulifera Benth. loc. cit.
Inga billbergiana Benth. loc. cit.
Section 3. BOURGONIA.
CRITICAL NOTES ON SEVERAL SPECIES.
Bentham divides this section into two groups, the one containing
the species with axillary, elongate spikes; the other those with short
spikes, usually clustered on defoliate nodes, nga bourgoni (Swartz)
*Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 578. 1845.
36213°—16——-2
182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DC., the type of the section, placed in the second group, hardly
belongs there, as its inflorescence does not differ sensibly from that
of J. marginata or the other species of the first group, while it 1s very
distinct from the dense, short panicles of 7. aggregata or I, alba.
Inga alba (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1013. 1806.
Mimosa alba Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 85. 1788.
Represented in the Gray Herbarium by several of Spruce’s collections (246,
1076, 2289) identified by Bentham, and, in all the herbaria consulted by me, by
Rusby & Squires 186, from Santa Catalina, Lower Orinoco, Venezuela. The
specimens of this last number were distributed as Inga bourgont DC., but the
flowers are much smaller than in that species, and the type of the inflorescence
is very distinct. The large, flat glands and the strongly veined leaves also are
characteristic of J. alba. The average dimensions of 5 flowers of Spruce 2289
are 1.2 to 1.5 (1.3) mm. for the calyx and 3.4 to 3.8 (3.6) mm. for the corolla,
as against 1 mm. and 3.1 mm., which are the dimensions given by Bentham.
Inga aggregata Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 391. 1832.
Represented in our collections by Bang 1439, from between Guanai and
Tipuani, Bolivia, also distributed under the name of J. bourgoni. Although I
have not seen authenticated material of that species, the Bang specimens
agree so well with the descriptions that I have no doubt about their identity.
Inga marginata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1015, 1806, excl. syn.
This species is known to be exceedingly variable. In Central American spec-
imens the flowers are usually pedicellate, though very shortly so; the calyx is
always pubescent and the corolla broader and shorter than in the Brazilian
tree. The form with marginate folial rachis is very seldom met with, and wings
are present below both the basal and terminal pairs of leaflets. However, as
all grades of transition are observed between the extreme forms, the separation
of the species into subspecies is hardly practicable.
Undescribed species of the marginata group probably will be found in Cen-
tral America. Mr. William R. Maxon collected at Las Animas, near Maza-
tenango, Guatemala, specimens whose leaves resemble those of the marginate
form of Inga maryinata, or those of I. laurina, the leaflets being either 2 or 3-
jugate. But the flowers are larger and the perfect pods are from 3 to 3.5 cm.
broad and 12 em. long, with a strongly prominent margin. It does not seem
desirable to describe this as a new species until further material is obtained.
The same variability is noticed in I. laurina (Swartz) Willd., two or three
apparently constant forms of which are found in Central America, The type is
West Indian and the area of the species probably limited to the West Indies
and the continental section between Panama and Mexico. The identification
of the Bolivian plant distributed under this name by Dr. Buchtien (under
no. 1767) is doubtful, but the specimens at hand are insufficient for the determi-
nation of their real relationship.
Section 4. PSEUDINGA.
Series 1. GLABRIFLORAE,
This group consists of a few Brazilian species, and has received
no increase recently. Among its species /nga capitata Desv. is
best known and has several varieties. Some specimens distributed
under this name to American herbaria were found to belong to two
distinct species of Pithecolobium.
PITTIER—REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 183
Series 2. GYMNOPODAE.
NEW SPECIES.
Inga aestuariorum Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 89.
A small, low, spreading tree, branching from near the ground; branchlets
more or less ferruginous-pubescent, covered with white, dotlike lenticels.
Rachis of the leaves slender, terete or subangulate, densely ferruginous-hairy,
9 to 15 cm. long, the petiolar part 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; leaflets 5 or 6-jugate,
short-petiolulate, coriaceous; glands subsessile, prominent, cuplike, blackish;
petiolules 1 mm. long or shorter; leaflet blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, broadly
rounded and subemarginate at the base, obtuse or subacute and mucronate at
the apex, pilosulous and more or less lustrous above, reticulate and sparsely
pubescent beneath, the costa densely pubescent and prominent on both faces,
the veins also pubescent and prominent beneath; leaflets of the basal pair
8 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 6 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5
cm. broad,
Floral spikes single or geminate in the axils of the upper leaves; peduncles
and rachises densely ferruginous-pubescent, the former 8 to 5 em. long; flower
heads loose, elongate, 3 to 4 cm. long; flowers sessile; bractlets very small,
ovate, acute, densely pubescent, deciduous; calyx tubular, striate, pubescent,
7 mm. long, the teeth very short; corolla tubular, very slightly broadened at
the apex, 18.5 mm. long, white, silky-villous, the lobes narrow, about 2.5 mm.
long; stamens pink, the tube hardly exserted; pistil glabrous, the style a
little longer than the stamens,
Legume sessile, rounded at the base, apiculate, 14 to 20 cm. long, the valves
fiat, about 1.7 cm. broad, glabrescent, the margin 5 mm. broad, elevated around
the valves, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Seeds about 10, immersed in a
white, sweet pulp.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected in the tide belt of
the Pacific coast at Boca Zacate, Diquis Delta, Costa Rica, flowers and fruits,
April, 1892, by A. Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 6793).
Also collected at Laguna de Sierpe, Costa Rica, Pittier.
This species belongs to the group of f. multijuga, but differs from that spe-
cies primarily in the number of the leaflet pairs, in the shape and pubescence
of the leaflets, and in the size of the flowers. While the former is stated to be
a tree 7 to 15 meters high, J. aestuariorum is low and bushy, growing preferably
along the tide channels in close proximity to the sea.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 89.—Fruit of a specimen of the type collection of Inga
aestuariorum in the Costa Rican National Herbarium. Natural size.
Inga latipes Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree; branchlets slender, angulate.
Rachis of the leaves wingless, glabrous, canaliculate or submarginate, 3 to 5
cm. long, the petiolar part about 1 cm. long; stipules not seen, caducous;
glands large, sessile, subglobose or depressed; leaflets 3-jugate, scarcely
oblique, coriaceous, the petiolules about 2 mm. long, sparsely pubescent or gla-
brescent, the blades ovate-elliptic, rounded-cuneate at the base, obtuse, acute,
or acuminate at the apex, 3.5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 em. broad, glabrous, lus-
trous above, with slightly prominent costa and veins, paler and obscurely reticu-
late beneath, with very prominent costa and veins.
Inflorescence not known.
Legume subligneous, pedunculate, short-stipitate, 9 to 31 em. long, about 4 cm.
broad, broadly rounded at base and apex, glabrous, blackish, transversely
184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
striate, the seeds very prominent, the margins thin and sulcate, the stipe slen-
der, about 8 mm. long, the peduncles 3.5 cm. long.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected at Las Vueltas de
Tucurrique, Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica, in forests, at an altitude of 900
to 1,000 meters, fruits only, April, 1899, by A. Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa
Rica, no. 18056).
The leaves recall those of Inga leptopoda Schlecht., but the legumes are
strikingly distinct from those of any other known species.
Inga cycladenia Pittier, sp. nov.
Branchlets terete, the minute pubescence covering the numerous dotlike
lenticels.
Rachis of the leaves minutely pubescent, slightly marginate, 8.5 to 4.5 em.
long, the petiolar part 1.5 to 2 cm.; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent,
about 7 mm. long; leaflets 2-jugate, coriaceous, very shortly petiolulate
(petiolules about 1 mm. long) ; glands orbicular, peitate, up to 4 mm. in diame-
ter; leaflets ovate, broadly cuneate at the base, abruptly contracted into a
narrow acumen nearly 2 cm. long, sparsely pilosulous and lustrous above,
minutely soft-puberulent beneath, 11.5 to 14.5 em. long, 5 to 7 cm. broad, the
densely pubescent costa and veins very prominent beneath.
Floral spikes 2 to 4-clustered in the axils of the terminal leaves, the pe-
duncles pubescent, angulate, 3 to 5 cm. long, the flower heads short and dense;
flowers sinall, sessile; calyx tubular-campanulate, sparsely and minutely pu-
bescent, 3.4 to 4 (3.8) mm, long; corolla tubular, gradually broadening toward
the apex, silky-pubescent, 6.6 to 7.4 (7.1) mm, long, the lobes broad, acute, 1.5
to 2 mm. long; staminal tube included, the stamens (measured from the base)
about twice the length of the corolla, the capitellate style slightly longer.
Legume not known.
Type in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected at
Micay-Sayjé and Timbiquf, Colombia, flowers, June, 1901, by F; C. Lehmann
(B. F. 662).
Conspicuous by its enormous discoid glands, this species reminds one some-
what of Inga rufincrvis in the pubescence and arrangement of the inflorescence,
and of I. acrocephala in the size of the flowers, these, however, being very dis-
tinctly shaped.
Inga myriocephala Pittier, sp. nov.
Branchlets angulate, densely set with linear-elliptic lenticels, the younger
parts ferruginous-pubescent.
Rachis of the leaves glabrous, slightly marginate beneath each pair of leaf-
lets, 5 to 15 em. long, the petiolar part 1 to 4 cm. long; stipules linear, acute,
about 8 mm. long, glabrescent, deciduous; leaflets 4-jugate, rarely 2 or 3-jugate,
more or less oblique, short-petiolulate, coriaceous, glabrous; glands small,
globose, pertuse, subsessile; leaflet blades elliptic-lanceolate, acute at the base,
acuminate at the apex, dark green above, paler or ferruginous and reticulate
beneath, the costa and veins slightly prominent on both sides, the blades of the
basal pair 7.5 to 8.5 cm, long, 3 to 3.5 cm, broad, those of the upper pair about
15 cm. long, 6 cm. broad.
Inflorescences very numerous, paniculate on the terminal branchlets; spikes
2 or 3-clustered in the axils of undeveloped leaves, the peduncles 2 to 3 em.
long, slender, sparsely ferruginous-pubescent, the flower heads dense, very
short, broader than long; flowers sessile; bractlets spatulate or subulate, gla-
brescent, about 2 mm. long, subpersistent; calyx tubular, 5.1 to 5.8 (5.4) mm.
long, sparsely and minutely pubescent, the teeth very short and obtuse; corolla
Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. 18. PLATE 89
FRUIT OF INGA AESTUARIORUM PITTIER.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 90.
INGA PINETORUM PITTIER.
PITTIER—-REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 185
tubular, 8.5 to 9.8 (9) mm. long, silky-pubescent, the lobes 0.5 to 1 mm. long;
staminal tube included; stamens short, but exceeding the truncate style.
Legume flat, thin, glabrous, about 9 cm. long and 2.3 cm. broad, the prominent,
thin margins bordering the valves.
Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 32671, collected at Mapir{, Bolivia,
at an altitude of about 800 meters, flowers and fruits, May, 1886, by H. H.
Rusby (no. 1003).
This species is distinguished from its close relatives by the glabrous leaves,
4-jugate leaflets, and large paniculate inflorescences with numerous short and
broad flower heads. The legume described seems to be immature. Inga myrio-
cephala may be closely related to I. acrocephala Steud., from Surinam, but
differs in the short petiolules, in having the costa and veins slightly prominent
on both faces of the leaflets, and in the larger flowers. .
Inga pinetorum Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 90.
A tree; branchlets densely ferruginous-hairy, lenticellose.
Rachis of the leaves terete, densely ferruginous-pubescent, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long,
the petiolar part 0.5 to 1.2 em. long; stipules ovate-acuminate, 3 to 4 mm. long,
hairy, persistent; leaflets 2-jugate, petiolulate; glands very small, substip-
itate, urceolate, pertuse, smooth outside; petiolules densely ferruginous-
hairy, about 38 mm. long; leaflet blades suboblique, obovate, cuneate
at the base, subobtuse and mucronate or sometimes acuminate at the apex,
coriaceous, the upper face darkish, dull (in sicco), and sparsely hairy except
on the brownish-pubescent costa and the impressed veins, light brown and
pilosulous beneath, with the costa, veins, and venules prominent, the blades of
the lower pair 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 2 to 8.5 em. broad, those of the upper pair 8 to
12 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary; floral spikes geminate, 7 to 9 cm. long; peduncles
5 to 6.5 em. long, terete, ferruginous-hairy; rachis hairy, 1 to 2 cm. long;
flowers sessile; calyx tubular, stipitate, 6.5 to 7.2 (6.9) mm. long, sparsely
hairy, the teeth rather narrow and acute; corolla tubular-funnelform, silky-
villous, 11.4 to 11.7 (11.6) mm. long, the lobes nearly 3 mm. long, narrow,
acute; staminal tube slightly exserted; pistil about 4 cm. long; ovary long-
stipitate, fusiform, glabrous; style subtruncate.
Legume not known.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Pineridge, near Manatee Lagoon,
British Honduras, flowers, February 19, 1906, by M. C. Peck (no, 348).
Though identified as Inga leptopoda, this is a species quite distinct on account
of its peculiar hairiness, its long flowers, and the fusiform, stipitate ovary.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 90.—From a photograph of the type specimen of Inga pine-
torum. Natural size.
Inga popayanensis Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 91.
Branchlets terete or subangulate, the younger parts glabrous or glabrescent,
3-angulate,
Rachis of the leaves terete or submarginate, glabrous (pubescent as is the
whole leaf at an early stage), 3 to 6.5 cm. long, the petiolar part 1.5 to 2 cm.;
stipules linear-lanceolate, subulate, glabrous, 6 to 8 mm. long, caducous; leaflets
2 or 3-jugate, oblique, petiolulate, coriaceous ; glands sessile, globose or urceo-
late, pertuse, sometimes obsolete; petiolules thick, 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous;
leaflet blades lanceolate, cuneate at the base, long-acuminate at the apex, dark
green, glabrous or glabrescent, and sublustrous above, dull, rusty-colored, and
sparsely pubescent beneath, the costa and veins glabrous and slightly promi-
nent on the upper face, pubescent and very prominent beneath, the blades of
186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
the basal pair 5 to 9 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. broad, those of the terminal pair 7
to 14 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. broad.
Inflorescences single or 2 to 5-clustered in the axils of the upper leaves;
peduncles angulate, striate, more or less minutely appressed-pubescent, 2 to 6.5
cm. long; flower heads ovoid, 0.8 to 2 cm. long, the basal flowers deciduous dur-
ing the elongation; flowers sessile; bractlets subulate, glabrous, 2 to 3 mm,
long, caducous; calyx tubular, slightly constricted above the base, striate,
minutely and sparsely pubescent, 6 to 7 (6.5) mm, long, the teeth about 1.5
mm, long, rounded at the apex; corolla tubular, slightly broadening above the
calyx, 9 to 11.5 (10.4) mm. long, silky-pubescent, the lobes lanceolate, acute,
reflexed, 2 to 8 mm. long; staminal tube exserted; style 22 to 23 mm. long,
glabrous; ovary stipitate, depressed, about 2.5 mm. long; style clavate at the
apex,
Legume not known.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected in forests in the high-
lands of Popayin, Colombia, between 1,500 and 2,200 meters, by F. C. Lehmann
(no. 5751).
There is a duplicate in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden.
Also collected near Popayféin, Colombia, at 1,500 to 1,900 meters, flowers, August,
1881, Lehmann 829, and in Colombia (without exact locality data), Lehmann
7808.
While the calyx and corolla agree in size with those of Inga nobilis Willd., the
stamens and style are much shorter and the pubescence distinct. The flowers,
besides, are always sessile, with glabrous, subulate bracts. But the funda-
mental difference is in the lanceolate leaflets, with a larger number of parallel
veins, hardly apparent venation, and a long, gradually narrowing acumen. Not-
withstanding these very manifest characters, Micheli* identified this plant (no.
829) as I. nobilis.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 91.—Specimen of Inga popayanensis in the John Donnell Smith
Herbarium, Lehmann 7808, cited above. Natural size.
Inga semiglabra Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 92,
A tree about 18 meters high (Eggers); branchlets terete, slender, glabrous,
the younger parts also glabrous or glabrescent.
Leaves entirely glabrous, the rachis terete, slender, 4 to 8.5 cm. long, the
petiolar part thicker and dark-colored at the base, 1 to 3 cm. long; leaflets
3-jugate, membranous, petiolulate; glands small, sessile, orbicular, concave;
petiolules dark-colored, about 3 mm. long; leaflet blades ovate or obovate to
lanceolate, long-cuneate at the base, acuminate at the apex, light green above,
paler beneath, the costa and veins prominent on both sides, but more so be-
neath, the blades of the basal pair 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 cm. broad, those
of the terminal pair 9 to 14.5 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, the spikes single or 2 or 3-clustered;
peduncles slender, 2.5 to 4 em. long, the flower heads elongating and dropping
their flowers from the base (rachis 2.5 to 3 cm. long) ; flowers sessile; bractlets
small, ovate-acuminate, caducous; calyx tubular, slightly broadening toward
the apex, covered with few minute appressed hairs, 5 to 6 mm. long, the
obtuse teeth ending with a tuft of (glandular?) hairs; corolla tubular, broad-
ened above the calyx, 9.3 to 10.7 (9.8) mm. long, glabrous on the lower half,
minutely pubescent on the exposed upper half, the lobes broad, acute, in-
flexed, 1 to 2 mm. long; staminal tube short-exserted, the stamens 2 to 2.5 cm.
long; pistil glabrous, 2.2 cm. long; ovary short, stipitate.
Legume not known.
*Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: Beibl. 37:9. 1892.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 91.
INGA POPAYANENSIS PITTIER.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18,
PLATE 92.
sit
INGA SEMIGLABRA PITTIER.
PITTIER—-REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA, 187
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected at El Recreo, Ecuador,
flowers, December 14, 1896, by Baron Eggers (no. 15464). The same number
is also in the Herbarium of the Field Museum.
Closely related to Inga leiocalycina Benth. of Brazil and British Guiana, but
the pubescence is sparser, the glands small, the leaflets 3-jugate, the calyx
sparsely covered with minute hairs, the corolla glabrous on the lower half,
the staminal tube exserted, etc.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 92.—A specimen of the type collection of Inga semiglabra in
the Herbarium of the Field Museum of Natural History, no. 143132. Natural size.
NOTES ON CRITICAL SPECIES,
Inga multijuga Benth. Trans, Linn. Soc. 30: 615. 1875.
Probably founded on Sutton Hayes’s specimens from Panama, which I have
not seen. Numbers 641, 729, 734, and 739 of the Guatemalan collection of Cook
and Griggs (1902) agree with the diagnosis, except that in no. 641, the
only one with flowers, the leaflets are only 5 or 6-jugate. The length of the
calyx varies from 7 to 8 mm., and that of the corolla between 238 and 25 mm.
The leaflets are always rounded at the base and either acute or acuminate at
the apex; in size, they keep within the limits given by Bentham, except in
no. 739, which, it is surmised, was taken from a sapling. These specimens
show a close resemblance to J. thibaudiana, but the flowers are longer and
more in accordance with the description of the above-named species.
Fendler’s no. 51, from Chagres, Panama, cited after the diagnosis of J.
multijuga and represented in the Gray Herbarium, is more likely to be a large-
flowered form of I. ruiziana. The calyx measures only 4.3 mm. and the longest
corolla 16.1 mm., which is much under the dimensions given for I. multijuga.
The identification of specimens from Costa Rica (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa
Rica, no. 6793) as this species by Micheli is also wrong. These represent a
distinct type which I have described above as Inga aestuariorum Pittier.
Inga peltadenia Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 160. 1906.
This species, if distinct, is very closely related to Inga thibaudiana DC., and
is characterized mainly by the very large, peltate glands. Most of the
Bolivian specimens in our collections classified under the last name would
belong to the former type. The legume, as shown by Williams’s no. 575
(Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) from Zumupasa, Bolivia, is straight or almost
so, flattened, rounded at the base, apiculate, about 19 cm. long, fulvous-
pubescent, the faces flat, 2 cm. broad (including the elevated margins, these
about 3 mm. broad); seeds 12 to 18, According to Bentham?’ the pods of
I. thibaudiana are from 15 to 30 cm. long, 1.9 to 2.6 em. broad, and identical
with those of the former in their other characters.
Inga punctata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1016. 1806, excl, syn.
This species and I. leptoloba Schlecht., besides being both variable, are easily
confused. An attempt has been made at separating two conspicuous varieties of
the first, and others could undoubtedly be established within the latter species.
This task, however, is made difficult by the scarcity of complete specimens,
including mature pods.
The following characters seem to be essential in J. punctata: The leaflets
are, as a rule, 2-jugate, broadly ovate, broadly rounded at the base, long and
sharply acuminate, with an almost membranous texture and distant veins;
1In Mart. Fl. Bras. 15’: 480. 1876.
188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
the mature pods are 2.5 cm. broad, rounded at the base, and at most very shortly
stipitate; and the seeds are separated by deep transverse furrows.
Inga leptoloba Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 559, 1830. PLATES 98, 94.
In this species the leaflets are 3-jugate, very seldom fewer, ovate-elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, usually cuneate or subcuneate at the base, with a broader
acumen than in JI. punctata; their texture also is firmer and the veins are
nearer together; the mature pods are narrower, fuller, distinctly stipitate or at
least cuneate, never broadly rounded, at the base.
An illustration of the fruit of I. ruiziana Don, another species of the same
series, is given in plate 95.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 93-95,—Pl. 93, from a field photograph of Inga leptoloda
taken at Setzimaj, Guatemala, March 19, 1902, by Mr. G. N. Collins. Pl. 94, fruit of a
specimen collected along the Rfo Torres at San Francisco de Guadalupe, near San José,
Costa Rica, by Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 8010); specimen in the John
Donnell Smith Herbarium, T). 95, two fruits of Inga ruiziana Don, in the U. S. National
Herbarium, collected at Gamboa, Canal Zone, Panama, March 29, 1914, by H. Pittier
(no, 6520). All natural size.
Series 3. PILOSIUSCULAE.
NEW SPECIES.
Inga cobanensis Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree, the young branchlets terete, densely ferruginous-pubescent.
Rachis of the leaves winged, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, ferruginous-pubescent, the
petiolar part wingless, thicker at the base, 1.2 to 2 em. long, the wings obo-
vate, up to 8 mm. broad; stipules not seen; glands small, sessile, deep-pitted,
transversely compressed; leaflets 3-jugate, oblique, coriaceous, the petiolules
ferruginous-hairy, up to 2 mm, long, the blades ovate, rounded at the base,
acute or subacuminate, glabrous above except on the ferruginous-pubescent
costa and veins, reticulate and rufous-tamentose beneath, with the costa and
veins densely pubescent and prominent; blades of the basal pair of leaflets
3 to 5.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, those of the terminal pair 7 to 11 cm.
long, 3.5 to 5.5 em. broad.
Floral spikes 3 to 6-clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, the peduncles
terete, densely ferruginous-pubescent, 1 to 3 cm, long, the flower heads elongate,
many-flowered ; bractlets linear, acute, densely ferruginous-hairy, shorter than
the calyx; flowers sessile; calyx densely rufous-pubescent, 4.3 to 6.3 5.3) mm,
long, the teeth short, triangular, acute; corolla 11.6 to 13.2 (12.4) mm. long,
densely fulvous or rufous-villosulous, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1.5 to
2 mm. long; staminal tube included, seldom slightly exserted, the filaments
very long (about 3 cm, from base of the tube) ; ovary Sessile, glabrous, flat-
tened ; style about 4.5 em. long.
Legume not known.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected at Cobéin, Alta Vera-
paz, Guatemala, at an altitude of about 1,450 meters, flowers, April, 1887, by
H. von Tiirckheim (J. D. Smith, no. 1214).
This species was distributed under the name Jnga edulis Mart., but differs
in its 3-jugate leaflets, smaller flowers, etc. The shape of the ovary seems to
indicate a flat pod. On account of this and taking into account the other
characters, I place J. cobanensis in the present section and series.
Inga hostmannii Pittier, sp. nov.
Branchlets angulate, thick,
Leaves entirely glabrous; rachis narrowly winged or marginate, 1.5 to 2.5 em.
lung, the petiolur part 0.5 to 0.7 em. long; leaflets 2-jugate, coriaceous, stilf,
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLaTe 93.
INGA LEPTOLOBA SCHLECHT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 94,
FRUIT OF INGA LEPTOLOBA SCHLECHT.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18, PLATE 95.
FRUIT OF INGA RUIZIANA DON.
PITTIER—-REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 189
petiolulate, more or less oblique; glands sessile, scutellate; petiolules thick,
rugose, about 3 mm. long; leaflet blades ovate or obovate, cuneate-attenuate at
the base, obtuse and emarginate at the apex, the costa and veins prominent on
both faces, the blades of the basal pair 5.5 to 6.5 em. long, 3 to 4 em. broad,
those of the terminal pair 8 to 14 cm, long, 4.5 to 6.5 em. broad.
Inflorescence corymbose on axillary or terminal defoliate branchlets, the floral
spikes single or geminate; peduncles glabrous or sparsely pubescent, 1.5 to 2.5
cm. long; flower heads elongate, dense at first, but the flowers somewhat remote
later; flowers sessile; bractlets ovate, conchoid, pubescent without, 8 to 5 mm.
long, caducous; calyx pubescent, more or less distinctly striate, 7 to 8 mm,
long, the teeth ovate, rounded at the apex; coroila 15 to 17 mm. Jong, silky-
villous, the lobes narrow, obtuse, about 3 mm. long.
Legume not known.
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in Surinam by F. W. Hostmann; other
data not given.
The leaves and the arrangement of the inflorescence agree with the description
of Inga splendens (Poir.) Willd., but the flowers are much smaller. This species
corresponds to none of those enumerated by Bentham as collected by Hostmann
in Surinam.’
Inga langlassei Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree 8 to 10 meters high (Langlassé) ; young branchlets velvety ferruginous
hairy.
Rachis of the leaves winged, velvety-hairy (like the branchlets), 14 cm. long,
the petiolar part almost nude, 2.5 cm. long, the wings sparsely villous; leaflets
5-jugate, petiolulate; glands stipitate, blackish, the pit broad, dark at the bottom,
with light brown rim; petiolules densely hairy, about 1 mm. long; leaflet blades
ovate to obovate, rounded and subemarginate at the base, subacuminate, the tip
acute and long-mucronate, sparsely villous above, slightly lustrous, the costa
prominent and densely hairy and the veins delicate and impressed, brownish and
sparsely villous beneath, with the nervation very prominent and the costa and
veins hairy, the margin thickly hairy; blades of the lowest pair about 5 cm.
long, 2 cm. broad, those of the penultimate pair larger than those of the ter-
minal one, 13 to 15 cm. long, 5 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary, ternate, the peduncles and rachis ferruginous-hairy,
the former 2.5 to 3 em. long, the flower heads dense, elongate (about 3 cm. long) ;
flowers sessile; bractlets linear, acute, a little shorter than or equal to the
calyx; calyx broad, tubular, sparsely hairy, 3.2 to 3.7 (3.5) mm. long; corolla
tubular-campanulate, white, sparsely silky-villous, 6.4 to 7.8 (6.8) mm. long;
staminal tube included; pistil about 138 mm. long, glabrous, the ovary subsessile,
containing about 20 biseriate ovules, the style ending in a broad stigma.
Legume not known.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 530548, collected on the eastern
watershed of the Western Cordillera, Cauca Valley, Colombia, flowers, November
11, 1899, by E. Langlassé (no. 68).
The tree is cultivated and is known among the natives by the name of “ navo.”
The fruit is edible.
This species is conspicuous for its flowers, which are the smallest in the
group, the hairy fringe of its leaflets, and its comparatively large stigmas. It
does not come very near any of the species I have seen.
Inga mollifoliola Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree; branchlets terete, glabrous, covered with brownish lenticels, the
younger parts softly ferruginous-tomentose.
1Trans, Linn. Soc. 80: 643. 1875.
190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Rachis of the leaves very narrowly winged, densely ferruginous-tomentose,
4.5 to 9.5 em. long, the petiolar part nude, terete, 1 to 1.7 cm. long, the first
interfoliar part nude or seminude; stipules lanceolate, acute, sparsely hairy,
about 5 mm, long, caducous; leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, seldom 38-jugate, oblique,
very shortly petiolulate, membranous; glands small, sessile, scutellate or cup-
shaped, often obsolete; leaflet blades elliptic-ovate, obovate, or elliptic-oblong,
narrow and more or less rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex, glabrous
and lustrous above, the costa more or less hairy and subprominent and the
veins impressed, softly ferruginous-tomentose beneath, the costa and veins
densely hairy and prominent; blades of the basal pair 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, 1.2
to 2 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 8 to 12 em, long, 3.5 to 4 em, broad.
Inflorescences mostly terminal, the floral spikes single or 2 or 3-clustered in
the axils of the upper leaves; peduncles densely ferruginous-pubescent, 2.5 to
4.5 em. long; flower heads ovoid; flowers sessile; bractlets linear-subulate, hairy,
3 to 4 mm. long, subpersistent; calyx tubular, more or less stipitate, 5 to 6
(5.4) mm. long, covered with a coarse pubescence, this dense at the base,
sparser toward the apex, the teeth short and rounded; corolla tubular, slightly
widening toward the apex, 8.6 to 9.7 (8.9) mm. long, villous, the lobes lanceolate,
obtuse, about 2 mm. long; staminal tube included, the tube and filaments pink;
style clavate at the apex, longer than the stamens.
Legume not known.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected at Rodeo de Pacaca,
near San José, Costa Rica, in woods, flowers, January, 1891, by H. Pittier (Inst.
Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 3251).
Also collected at San Marcos de Dota, in forests, flowers, March, 1893, Tonduz
(Inst. Fis. Geogr, Costa Rica, no. 7548).
Identified with Inga densiflora Benth. by Micheli, but differing from that
Peruvian species in the tomentose indumentum, in the size, shape, and texture
of the leaflets, and in the arrangement of the inflorescence, as well as in the
minor details of the flowers.
Inga monticola Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 96.
A widely spreading tree, about 16 meters high (Williams); branchlets
terete, pubescent, covered with round, whitish lenticels, the younger parts
ferruginous-pubescent.
Rachis of the leaves very narrowly winged, ferruginous-pubescent, 5.5 to
10 cm. long, the petiolar part 0.7 to 1 em. long; stipules unknown; leaflets
mostly 4-jugate, seldom 3-jugate, oblique, membranous, short-petiolulate 3
glands large, sessile, subpeltate, orbicular; petiolules ferruginous-pubescent,
1 mm. long or less; leaflet blades ovate, oblong, or ovate-elliptic, more or less
rounded at the base, acute or abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, glabrous
and lustrous above except on the pubescent, prominent costa and veins, gla-
brous or sparsely hairy and reticulate beneath, the venation here pubescent
and strongly prominent, the blades of the basal pair 4 to 5 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5
cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 8 to 14.5 cm. long, 3 to 5.5 em. broad.
Floral spikes single in the axils of the upper leaves; peduncles 3 to 4 em.
long, ferruginous-pubescent; flower heads elongate (2 to 3.5 em. long), depau-
perate; flowers sessile; bractlets linear or subulate, 1 to 3 mm. long, pubescent,
subpersistent; calyx tubular, substriate, sparsely puberulent, 4.1 to 4.8 mm.
long; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long, tubular, the upper half subcampanulate, mi-
nutely pubescent, the lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed, about 1.5 mm. long;
staminal tube included.
Legume sessile, 8 to 16 cm. long, rounded or subcuneate at the base, acumi-
nate at the apex, the valves 5 cm. broad, blackish, transversely grooved, at
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 96
FRUIT OF INGA MONTICOLA PITTIER.
PLATE 97.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18.
INGA DENSIFLORA BENTH.
PITTIER—REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 191
first ferruginous-pubescent, becoming glabrous and lustrous, the margin 7 mm.
broad, slightly elevated around the valves, more or less ferruginous-pubescent ;
seeds 5 to 10.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678053, collected at Bismarck,
above Penonomé, Province of Coclé, Panama, flowers and fruits, March 6,
1908, by R. 8. Williams (no. 316).
In its dimensions the fruit of this species recalls that of Inga densiflora
Benth., illustrated in plate 97, but this seems to be the only common character
between the two types, the former apparently having no close ally among the
known species of the series Pilosiusculae.
EXxPLANATON OF PLATES 96, 97.—PIl. 96, fruit of the type specimen of ZJnga monticola.
Pl, 97, specimen of the type collection of Jnga densiflora in the Gray Herbarium, collected
near Tarapoto, eastern Peru, 1855-56, by R. Spruce (no, 4504). Both natural size.
Inga organensis Pittier, sp. nov.
Young branchlets densely ferruginous-hairy.
Rachis of the leaves winged, densely ferruginous-hairy, 10 to 12 ecm, long,
the wings more or less attenuate toward the base, 5 to 12 mm. long, the petiolar
part (also winged) 2 to 2.5 em. long; stipules unknown; leaflets 4-jugate, sub-
coriaceous, petiolulate; glands small, suburceolate; petiolules densely fer-
ruginous-pubescent, about 8 mm. long; leaflet blades ovate to elliptic-oblong,
slightly attenuate and obtuse at the base, short-acuminate and mucronulate
at the tip, dull above, paler and reticulate beneath, the costa and veins fer-
ruginous-pubescent on both sides and prominent beneath, the blades of the basal
pair 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.2 to 2 em. broad, those of the terminal pair 11 to 12 cm.
long, 4 to 4.5 em. broad.
Floral spikes 2 or 8-clustered in the upper axils, the peduncles densely fer-
ruginous-hairy, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, the flower heads ovoid; flowers sessile; bract-
lets linear, pubescent, 6 mm, long or less, caducous; calyx 1.5 to 2.1 (1.8) mm,
long, broad, densely fulvous-pubescent, the teeth short, acute, parted by
rounded sinuses; corolla 4.7 to 5 (4.9) mm. long, white, broadened above the
calyx, densely silky-pubescent, the lobes triangular, subacute; staminal tube
exserted ; style much longer than the stamens.
Legume not known,
Type in the Gray Herbarium, collected in the Organ Mountains, Brazil;
further data not given.
In this species, which is certainly not included in Bentham’s last revision and
seems not to have been described since, the flowers are even smaller than in
Inga chartacea. It possibly belongs near I. densiflora.
Inga sordida Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree; branchlets terete, the younger parts densely ferruginous-tomentellous.
Rachis of the leaves ferruginous-tomentellous, winged, 8.5 to 17 cm. long,
the petiolar part 2 to 2.5 em. long, winged, the wings attenuate toward the base
and the apex, 8 to 15 mm. broad; stipules unknown; leaflets 3 or 4-jugate,
coriaceous, subsessile; glands rather large, subsessile, crateriform; leaflet
blades ovate or oblong, broadly rounded and emarginate at the base, acuminate
at the apex, glabrous, sordid brown and lustrous above, softly pubescent and
reticulate beneath, the costa pubescent and prominent and the veins impressed
on the upper face, the costa and veins densely hairy and strongly prominent
on the lower face; blades of the basal pair 5 to 9 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. broad,
those of the terminal pair 16 to 18 cm. long, 6.5 to 7 em. broad.
Floral spikes paniculate at the ends of the branchlets or on short, axillary,
defoliate branchlets, the peduncles densely ferruginous-tomentellous, 2 to 2.5
em. long, the flower heads elongate and very dense; flowers sessile; bractlets
192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, hairy, about 6 mm. long, deciduous; calyx 3.7 to 4.6
(4) mm. long, tubular, sparsely pubescent, the teeth broad, rounded, 1 to 2 mm.
long; corolla 8.5 to 10 (9.2) mm. long, tubular, slightly broader at the apex,
densely villosulous, the lobes acute, 2 to 3 mm. long; staminal tube included;
style longer than the stamens, ending in a subpeltate stigma.
Legume not known.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected near Popayfn, Cauca,
Colombia, at an altitude of 1,700 meters, flowers, August 28, 1881, by F. C.
Lehmann (no, 904).
Perhaps nearly related to Inga densiflora Benth., from which it differs in
having the leaves larger, broader, and thicker, the pubescence more abundant,
the floral spikes longer, the flowers more numerous, etc.
Inga stenopoda Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 98.
A tree; branchlets terete or subangulate, glabrous or very sparsely ferrugi-
nous-hairy.
Rachis of the leaves winged, sparsely ferruginous-hairy, 7 to 15 em. long,
the petiolar part nude, terete, 1 to 2 cm. long, the wings about 7 mm. broad,
attenuate toward the base, rounded at the apex; leaflets 5-jugate, petiolulate,
subcoriaceous; glands subsessile, prominent, semiglobose, transversely com-
pressed ; petiolules densely ferruginous-hairy, 2 to 8 mm. long; leaflet blades
ovate-elliptic, more or less narrowed and rounded at the base, short-acuminate
at the apex, glabrous and sublustrous above, rusty-colored and sparsely cov-
ered with minute hairs beneath, the costa and veins more or less ferruginous-
pubescent, slightly prominent above, strongly so beneath; blades of the basal
pair 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, 1.5 to 1.7 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair largest,
7 to 10.5 em. long, 3 to 4.5 cm. broad.
Floral spikes 2 to 4-clustered in the axils of the upper leaves or at the
defoliate ends of the branchlets; peduncles minutely ferruginous-hairy, 1.5 to
2.5 em. long; flower heads ovoid, the flowers sessile, the lower ones deciduous;
bractlets ovate-oblong, pubescent without, about 6 mm. long, caducous; calyx
tubular, striate, minutely pubescent, 5.38 to 5.6 (5.4) mm. long, the teeth long
and acute; corolla tubular-campanulate, 11.8 to 12.6 (12.1) mm. long, silky-
pubescent, the lobes ovate, acute, 2.5 to 38 mm. long; staminal tube included.
Legume (specimen genuine?) entirely glabrous, long-pedicellate (3 cm.),
rounded-cuneate at the base, the valves 1.1 cm. broad, the margin narrow and
effaced.
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 82668, collected at the junction of
Rfo Beni and Rfo Madre de Dios, Bolivia, flowers (and fruits?), August, 1886,
by H. H. Rusby (no. 995).
The detached basal portion of the legume accompanying the specimen in the
Field Museum Herbarium and described above may belong to another genus.
The affinities of this species seem to be with Inga virescens Benth., which I
have not seen.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 98.—From the type specimen of Inga stenopoda. Natural size.
Inga tuerckheimii Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree; branchlets subangulate, covered with numerous white lenticels, the
younger parts ferruginous-pubescent.
Rachis of the leaves ferruginous-pubescent, winged, 3.5 to 6 em. long, the
wings 4 to 9 mm. broad, the petiolar part wingless, thickening toward the base,
1 to 2 cm, long; stipules not seen; glands small, substipitate, laterally com-
pressed, pertuse; leatlets 3-jugate, petiolulate, suboblique, coriaceous; petiolules
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 98.
INGA STENOPODA PITTIER
PITTIER——REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA, 193
about 3 mm. long, ferruginous-pubescent ; leaflet blades ovate, oblong, or ovate-
lanceolate, broadly rounded at the base, acute at the apex, sparsely pubescent
or glabrescent above, with the costa and impressed veins ferruginous-pubescent,
fulvous-tomentose and reticulate beneath, with the densely pubescent costa and
veins very prominent; blades of the basal pair of leaflets 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long,
1.2 to 2 em. broad, those of the terminal pair 5.5 to 11 cm. long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm.
broad.
Floral spikes 4 or 5-clustered and paniculate in the upper axils; peduncles
ferruginous-pubescent, 1 to 2 cm. long; flower heads ovoid; bractlets ovate-
lanceolate, acute, 8 to 5 mm. long, pubescent, caducous; flowers sessile; calyx
tubular, densely ferruginous-pubescent, 5.5 to 6.5 mm, long, the teeth 1.5 to 2
mm. long; corolla tubular, broadening to the apex, ferruginous-pubescent, 12
to 14.5 mm. long, the lobes lanceolate, acute, 1.5 to 2 mm. long; staminal tube
included; pistil about 6 em. long, exceeding the stamens; ovary compressed,
sessile.
Legume not known.
Type in the John Donnell Smith Herbarium, collected at Cobain, Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala, at an altitude of 1,450 meters, flowers, April, 1887, by H. von
Tiirckheim (J. D. Smith, no, 1214).
Distributed under the name Jnga edulis Mart., with which, however, it has
no close affinity. It takes its place near J. hayesii on account of its 3-jugate
leaflets and short floral spikes, but it seems to be more closely related to
I. micheliana and If. pringlet.
CRITICAL NOTES.
The series Pilosiusculae and Leptanthae appear to be distinguished
from each other only by artificial and somewhat arbitrary characters.
In the first series the bracts are said to be “small or caducous,”
which may be understood as if they were either small and then per-
sistent or larger and then deciduous. As a matter of fact, in all the
species that have come under my observation these bracts, either
small or large, were found to be caducous or at the most, in a few
isolated cases, to remain on the stalk only for a short time after the
fall of the flower. In J. leptantha these bracts seem to be indefinitely
persistent, and much longer than the calyx.
Inga micheliana, I. pringlei, and I. mollifoliola evidently form by
themselves a natural group, characterized by the small, 4 or 5-jugate
leaflets. In the last two the size of the flowers is practically the
same, and to distinguish the two former from each other it is neces-
sary to compare details which are not especially obvious at first
glance. This group, furthermore, corresponds to the definition of the
Pilosiusculae and should be considered as part of this series. It is
difficult to understand how J. micheliana could be compared by Dr.
Harms with /. vestita Benth., a Vulpina from southern Brazil with
nude foliar rachis and very distinct flowers, while the closely related
I, pringlei is brought near to /. striata, although its bracts are cadu-
194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
cous or at the most only subpersistent. The knowledge of the fruit
in these three species will certainly help very much in the definition
of their relationship and true affinities, but meanwhile they should
be placed side by side among the Pilosiusculae. A Guatemalan speci-
men of /. micheliana is illustrated in plate 99.
During my last stay in Panama, I collected specumens of a small
tree closely corresponding to the description of Znga hayesii Benth.
The supposition of its being this species was confirmed later by a
comparison with the type at Kew. The fruit of this species is not
yet known, but a full description of the leaves and flowers is now
given.
Inga hayesii Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 80: 617. 1875.
A small tree; branchlets terete, with a reddish, lenticellose bark; young
shoots more or less brownish-villous.
Leaves light green above, paler beneath; rachis 5 to 11.5 em. long, sparsely
hairy, winged (the wings 7 to 10 mm. broad) ; stipules obovate, obtuse, densely
pubescent without, strongly veined within, 3 to 4 mm. long, deciduous; leaflets
2 or 3-jugate, short-petiolulate; glands small, subsessile, brownish, with a dark
pit; petiolules pubescent, about 1 mm. long: leaflet blades ovate to lanceolate,
rounded and subemarginate at the base, obtuse or acute and apiculate at the
tip, glabrous excepting the sparsely hairy costa, reticulate on both faces, the
costa and veins more prominent beneath, the blades of the basal pair 3.5 to
7 cm. long, 1.7 to 4 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 7 to 14 em. long,
5.5 to 6 em. broad.
Inflorescences axillary, single or geminate, very shortly pedunculate;
peduncles and rachis strigose-hairy, the former 8 to 5 mm. long, the latter
10 to 15 mm. long; bractlets lanceolate, acute, pubescent without, about 2 mm.
long, deciduous; flowers sessile; calyx 6.7 to 8.2 (7.4) mm. long, tubular but
slightly broadening toward the tip, glabrous or sparsely hairy at the base,
striate, the teeth irregular, acute, minutely pubescent at the tips; corolla
tubular-funnelform, white, villous, 15.8 to 16.6 (16.3) mm. long, the lobes
narrow, acute, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; staminal tube included; ovary sessile, gla-
brous, very short, deeply sulcate on both sides, 6-ovulate; style about 4 em.
long, equaling the stamens, the stigma capitellate.
Legume not known.
PANAMA: Panama, Hayes. Hills around the agricultural experiment sta-
tion at Matias Hernandez, near Old Panama, flowers, July 10, 1914,
Pittier 6714.
This species is characterized by its glabrous or almost glabrous calyx, in
appearance not unlike that of Inga longipes Benth. and J. hirsutissima Rusby,
and by its almost sessile spikes, The type has been wrongly compared with
I. maritima Benth., which is illustrated in plate 100.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 99.—Specimen of the type collection of Inga micheliane
Harms, in the Gray Herbarium, collected at Rfo Negro, Department of Quiché, Guatemala,
altitude about 1,080 meters, March, 1892, by Heyde and Lux (J. D. Smith, no. 3319).
Natural size.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 100.—Specimen of Inga maritima Benth., in U. 8S. National
Herbarium, collected in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July, 1833, by Riedel (no.
442). Natural size.
Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 18. PLATE 99.
INGA MICHELIANA HARMS.
Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. 18. PLATE 100.
INGA MARITIMA BENTH.
PLATE 101,
Contr. Nat. Herb, Vol 18.
INGA LOMATOPHYLLA (BENTH.) PITTIER.
PITTIER—-REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 195
Series 4. LEPTANTHAE.
NOTES.
This small group is poorly represented in the collections at my
disposal. It consists mainly of species native in the eastern and
northeastern part of South America.
Inga acuminata Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 600. 1845.
From Trinidad, this species presents in its long-pointed calyx a feature con-
sidered to be unique in the genus, but which we now find repeated in a speci-
men distributed by the Christiania Herbarium and purporting to have been
collected by Eggers at El Recreo, Ecuador, April 27, 1897. It must be stated,
however, that Baron Eggers also collected in Trinidad, and that the specimen
referred to, in the Field Museum, is not numbered, so that there is the pos-
sibility of a label having been transposed. The two leaves on the specimen
are 1-jugate, but all other details agree with Bentham’s description of the
Trinidad plant.
Inga hartii Urban is transferred to series 6, Calocephalae.
Series 5. LONGIFLORAE.
CRITICAL NOTES.
Bentham and Spruce considered no. 3097 of the latter’s collec-
tion to be merely a variety of Inga speciosa Spruce, a view that is
not justified by the comparison of the specimens. Bentham’s variety
lomatophylla, accordingly, is below given specific rank.
Inga speciosa Spruce, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 620, 1875.
In I. speciosa the leaflet pairs are close together, with the intermediate wings
correspondingly short; the leaflets themselves are smaller (than in I. loma-
tophylla), sparsely pilosulous beneath with the costa and veins slender and
sparsely hairy; the inflorescences, although of the same type as to their ar-
rangement as in the so-called variety, are more slender and borne on a long,
bracteate common peduncle; in the flower, the calyx measures from 8.5 to 9.5
mm., with teeth 1.5 to 2 mm. long, and the corolla is 82.5 to 84 mm., the lobes
3.5 to 4 mm. long; lastly, the staminal tube is very slender and exceptionally
long-exserted, measuring nearly 6 cm, from the base.
Inga lomatophylla (Benth.) Pittier. PLATE 101,
Inga speciosa lomatophylla Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 620, 1875.
In Spruce’s no. 8097, now accepted as the basis of a species, the distinctive
features, aS compared with J. speciosa are:
Rachis of the leaves more elongate, the leaflet pairs more distant with the
corresponding modification of the wings; leaflets reticulate, coarser, and twice
as large as in J. speciosa, with the costa and veins much stronger and the
indument much more dense; common peduncles of the fasciculate spikes shorter
and thick; flowers also sensibly larger, the calyx measuring 11 to 11.5 mm., the
corolla 37 to 88 mm. long, and the staminal tube projecting to a less distance.
These differences are sufficient, I think, to justify the elevation of the so-
called variety to specific rank.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 101.—Specimen of the type collection of Inga lomatophylla, in
the Gray Herbarium, collected near San Carlos, upon the Rio Negro, northern Brazil,
1853-54, by R. Spruce (no. 3097). Natural size.
196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Inga mucuna Walp. & Duchass., reduced to J. lindeniana by
Bentham, is evidently a distinct species, related perhaps to J. poeppi-
giana from Peru, which I have not seen, but from which it differs in
having 4 instead of 3 pairs of leaflets, while the spikes, instead of
being sessile, are long-pedunculate. The specimen in the Gray Her-
barium is evidently part of the type collection. It has the broadly
ovate leaflets, abruptly contracted into a linear acumen, a character
given as specific in the original description but not apparent in our
specimens; these, however, agree exactly in the dimensions of the
flowers and in the particulars of the fruits. If the synonymy given
by Bentham were exact, Walpers’s name would have the priority, but
the two species are quite distinct. In J. mucuna the calyx is 94 and
not 5 to 8 lines long, and the corolla 224 lines, i. e. nearly 2 inches,
and not almost 1 inch long.
The bractlets of 7nga mucuna can hardly be said to be persistent,
for which reason it takes its place with the Longiflorae. The de-
scription is as follows:
Inga mucuna Walp. & Duchass. Walp. Ann. Bot. 2: 459, 1851-52.
A middle-sized tree with spreading crown; branchlets angulate, the bark
brownish, lenticellate, the young shoots densely ferruginous-hairy.
Rachis of the leaves winged, densely covered with light brown or golden
brown strigose hairs, 11 to 22 em, long, the petiolar part nude or narrowly
winged, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, the wings broad (1.7 to 3.5 cm.), attenuate or long-
cuneate toward the base, rounded at the tip, distinctly veined transversely, the
pubescence as in the blades; stipules cordiform, acute, persistent, 5 to 8 mm.
long; leaflets 2 to 4-jugate, membranous, petiolulate; glands very small, sub-
sessile, brownish, with a dark pit; petiolules about 3 mm. long, very hairy;
leaflet blades ovate-orbicular to ovate, broadly rounded at the base, usually
acute at the apex but sometimes abruptly contracted into a narrow, long-
mucronate acumen, dull and strigose above except on the densely hairy costa,
tomentose-pubescent beneath, with the densely hairy costa and veins prominent ;
leaflet blades of the basal pair 6 to 11.5 em. long, 4 to 5 em. broad, those of the
terminal pair 10 to 17.5 cm. long, 6.5 to 11 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary, single, long-pedunculate; peduncles 5 to 8 em. long,
densely light brown hairy like the rachis; flower heads dense, 3 to 4 cm. long ;
flowers sessile; bractlets elliptic, acute, densely hairy, about 6 mm. long, cadu-
cous ; calyx tubular, striate, 2 cm. long, glabrous except on the tips of the short
teeth; corolla long-tubular, slightly broadened at the apex, white and white-
villous, 4.5 to 5 em. long, the lobes narrow, not over 7 mm. long; staminal tube
slender, long-exserted (nearly 6 cm. long); pistil about 12 em. long; ovary
sessile, about 5 mm, long; stigma capitellate, flattened at the apex,
Legume spirally twisted, rarely plane, sessile, up to 30 em. long, 5 cm. broad,
rounded at the base, obtuse at the apex, densely ferruginous-strigose, the mar-
gins rounded and deeply sulcate along the line of dehiscence; seeds numerous.
PANAMA: Panama, 1850, Duchassaing (type). Banks of the Sambti River,
southern Darién, near the limit of the tide, flowers and fruits, Feb-
ruary 1, 1912, Pittier 5525.
The leaf and fruit specimens from the lower Orinoco, distributed by Rusby
and Squires as Inga mucuna, seem to belong to still a third species, but in the
PITTIER—REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 197
absence of the flowers this can not be decided at present. The conspicuous, per-
sistent stipules would lead one to think that the bractlets also remain through
anthesis, in which case the tree would range along with I. lindeniana among the
Calocephalae.
Inga feuillet DC., renamed J. cwmingiana by Bentham, should also
take its place in this series and not, as Bentham had it, among the
Euingae, from which it is excluded by its flat, narrowly marginate
pods.
This species seems to be the pacai par eacellence of the Peruvians,
and it is said to be found in almost every garden at Lima. The name
“ pacai” is in Peru and Bolivia the popular generic name for Inga,
corresponding to the “ guamo ” of Colombia, and “ guavo” of Central
America. It is used in compound nouns to designate many of the
native species. Thus, /nga feuzllet is, according to a verbal communi-
cation of Mr. O. F. Cook, the “ pacai de mono” or “monkey pacai”
of Santa Ana, in the Urubamba Valley.
Notwithstanding its reputation as a favorite fruit of the Peruvians
the species is imperfectly known, so that the following attempt at a
fuller description than those of Feuillée, de Candolle, and Bentham
will not be out of place here.
Inga feuillei DC. Prodr. 2: 433. 1825.
A tree with rounded-depressed, spreading crown, the young branchlets
fulvous-pubescent, covered with numerous white lenticels.
Rachis of the leaves fulvous-hairy, narrowly winged, 14 to 25 cm. long, the
petiolar part wingless, 2 to 3.5 cm, long; stipules not seen, caducous; glands
small, subsessile, inconspicuous; leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, oblique, coriaceous, the
petiolules not over 2 mm. long, thick, fulvous-hairy, the blades oblong-elliptic,
rounded at the base, acutely acuminate at the apex, reticulate, sparsely hairy
or glabrescent above, the costa, veins, and venules more or less sparsely hairy
beneath, the blades of the basal pair 6 to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, those of the
terminal pair 10 to 20 cm. long, 7 to 9 cm. broad.
Inflorescences solitary in the axils of the leaves, the peduncles stout, at first
fulvous-hairy, later glabrescent, 6 to 11 cm. long; floral heads subelongate ;
flowers sessile; bracts linear, shorter than the calyx, subpersistent; calyx
tubular, fulvous-tomentose, 8.5 to 11 mm. long, persistent, the teeth short, acute ;
corolla fulvous-hairy, silky, 17 to 19 mm. long; stamens not seen.
Legume flat, 30 to 65 cm. long, at first densely rufous-pubescent, the margins
rufous-hairy, dilatate, and obscurely bisulcate.
Peru: Lima, Feuillée, Cuming 980, etc. Santa Ana, alt. about 900 meters,
young fruits, June 29, 1914, Cook & Gilbert 1573.
Bentham placed this species in section Euinga, near Inga spuria, but it
obviously does not belong there. The tree is said to be a favorite in the gardens
of Lima, not only because of its shade, but also on account of the succulent,
sweet pulp which surrounds the seeds.
36213°—16——3
198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Series 6. CALOCEPHALAE.
NEW SPECIES,
Inga goldmanii Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree 6 to 10 meters high, usually with depressed, spreading crown; branch-
lets angulate, the younger growth densely rufous-hairy.
Rachis of the leaves rufous-hairy, winged, 9 to 25 cm. long, the wings 0.8 to
2 cm. broad, sparsely hairy, the petiolar part (also winged) 2 to 4 cm. long;
stipules cordate, obtuse, about 1.5 em. long and 1.2 cm, broad, minutely hairy ;
leaflets 83 or 4-jugate, coriaceous, subsessile; glands sessile, with a supernumer-
ary one on the costa of each leaflet in the leaves of the seedlings, distinctly
stipitate, occurring only on the main rachis in the adult leaves; leaflet blades
oblique, ovate or oblong, rounded and subemarginate at the base, obtuse or acute
at the apex, sparsely villous and sublustrous above, with the veins and hairy
costa deeply impressed, dull and glabrous beneath excepting the sparsely hairy
and strongly prominent venation, the blades of the lower pair 7 to 12 cm. long,
5 to 6 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 17 to 20 cm. long, 9 to 11 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary, long-pedunculate, the peduncles densely rufous-hairy ;
flowers sessile; calyx 14 mm. long. densely fulvous-pubescent without, glabrous
within; corolla tubular, densely fulvous-tomentose without, glabrous within, 25
mm. long, the lobes 8 mm. long, narrow, acute; staminal tube included ; pistil
about 5.5 em. long, the ovary glabrous, the style capillary and searcely thickened
at the apex.
Legume flat or spirally twisted, sessile, long-stipitate (the stipe angular, about
2 cm. long), rounded or subacute at the apex, 20 cm. long or more, 3.5 to 4.8
cm. broad, densely rufous-hispid, the margin rounded, deeply suleate on the
sutural line,
Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 690303, collected near Gattin,
Canal Zone, Panama, fruits (with the persistent remnants of the flowers),
February 10, 1911, by E. A. Goldman (no. 1866).
Costa Rica: Banana River, near Port Limon, in forest, a seedling leaf
only, May 1, 1903, Cook & Doyle 429. Rio Hondo, plains of Santa Clara,
fruits, May, 1902, Pittier (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 16376).
Xirores, Talamanca, on forest border, fruits, February, 1895, Tonduz
(Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 9358).
Supposed to be very closely related to Inga lindeniana Benth., from Mexico,
which I have not seen, but the leaflets are oftener 4-jugate, are coriaceous and
not membranous, and are not hirsute above and velvety beneath. In the
original description of the Mexican species the calyx is stated to be 5 lines
(10.6 mm.) long; that is to say, a little shorter than in our species, while in
the Revision of 1875 the scale has been extended (“5 to 8 lines”), probably so
as to include the Panama specimens cited. The calyx of J, lindeniana, how-
ever, is striate and pilosulous, thus a decided departure from that of J. gold-
manti. Lastly, the pods of the former species are stated to be 1 to 14 inches or
5 to 6.5 cm. broad, while in the latter they do not exceed 4.5 em. Of the Panama
specimens cited by Bentham the one collected by Duchassaing is the type of
the very distinct J. mucuna ; the other may belong under J. goldmanii.
An interesting feature of J. goldmanii is the presence of supernumerary
glands or nectaries on the leaflets of the leaves taken from very young trees.
These extrafloral nectaries are situated on the costa, at a distance of about 2
cm. from the one on the rachis. It may be mentioned here that the nature and
functtons of these glandular formations. as especially connected with the genus
Inga, have never been investigated,
PITTIER—REVISION OF THE GENUS INGA. 199
Inga purpusii Pittier, sp. nov.
A tree; young branchlets angulate, fulvous or brownish-hairy, covered with
roundish, white lenticels.
Rachis of the leaves densely hairy, 10 to 13.5 cm. long, narrowly winged
between the two upper leaflet pairs, terete or submarginate between the basal
and middle pair, the petiolar part 5 to 5.5 cm. long, terete; stipules ovate or
oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent, 7 to 10 mm. long, subpersistent; leaflets 2
or 3-jugate, short-petiolulate, membranous, suboblique; glands very small and
subsessile or obsolete; petiolules densely hairy, about 1 mm. long; leaflet
blades ovate to oblong, more or less narrowed or broadly rounded at the base,
acute or short-acuminate at the apex, sparsely hairy, reticulate, and lustrous
above, paler, reticulate, and hairy beneath, the costa and veins more or less
pubescent and prominent on both faces, the blades of the basal pair about
10 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 18 to 18 cm. long, 7.5 to
9 cm. broad.
Inflorescences axillary or terminal, the peduncles densely ferruginous-
hairy, 3 to 5 cm. long, the flower heads elongate (up to 8 cm. long) ; flowers
sessile; bractlets linear, hairy on both faces, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, persistent; calyx
tubular, acute at the base, striate, sparsely and minutely hairy, 16.9 to 20
(18.9) mm. long, the teeth very narrow, 4 to 6 mm. long; corolla tubular,
broadening toward the apex, 29 to 32 (30.4) mm. long, villous, the lobes rather
broad, 2 to 3.5 mm. long; staminal tube included or very shortly exserted,
the filaments purple and very long (6.5 to 7 cm. from the base of the tube), the
pistil 7 to 7.5 cm. long, the stigma clavate.
Legume (immature?) about 30 cm. long, 2.7 cm. broad, thin, rounded at the
base, long-apiculate, glabrous, the margin thick, rounded, slightly elevated
around the valves.
Type in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected at
Finca Yolanda, Chiapas, Mexico, flowers and fruits, September, 1913, by
©. A. Purpus (no. 6811).
The specimen described is not very satisfactory, the leaves being few and
badly pressed and the floral spikes all detached. The plant is very distinct from
Inga panamensis Seem., the leaflets being differently shaped and very hairy, the
flowers much larger, and the legume narrower and with a less prominent
margin.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO OLD SPECIES WITH NOTES.
Inga spectabilis Willd., first mentioned and summarily character-
ized and figured by Vahl as a Mimosa species, has never been fully
described under its present name. Kunth appears to have ignored
Willdenow’s mention and divided the species into two distinct types,
I. lucida* and I. fulgens,2 which, however, seem to differ only in the
shape of the leaflets.
Of Jnga panamensis we have only the short diagnosis in Bentham’s
revision. It will not be outside the scope of the present paper, then,
to give full descriptions of both species.
*In H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 287. 1823.
*Mimos. Pl. Légum. 36. pl. 11. 1819-1824.
200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Inga spectabilis (Vahl) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1017. 1806.
Mimosa spectabdilis Vahl, Skrivt. Naturhist. Selsk. (Kjgbenhavn) 27: 219.
pl. 10. 1792.
A medium-sized tree with rounded crown; branchlets pubescent or glabrous,
angular.
Leaves glabrous or glabrescent, the rachis marginate or narrowly winged
below each pair of leaflets, terete and nude above them, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, the
petiolar part 0.8 to 2 cm. long; stipules narrow-lanceolate or linear, acute, per-
sistent, 6 to 12 mm. long; leaflets 1 to 3-jugate, sessile or almost so, coriaceous,
bullate; glands large, sessile, salver-shaped; blades oblique, broadly ovate to
obovate, rounded or attenuate toward the base and emarginate on the broader
side, obtuse or subacute and often mucronate at the apex, dark green and lus-
trous above, with the costa prominent and minutely pubescent and the veins
deeply impressed, beneath light green, with the costa, veins, and venules
strongly prominent, the blades of the basal pair 8 to 19 cm. long, 5 to 10 cm.
broad, those of the terminal pair 15 to 26 cm. long, 8 to 14 cm. broad.
Inflorescences paniculate and terminal; peduncles stout, 2.5 to 4 em. long,
minutely brownish-pubescent ; flower heads dense, elongate, the rachis minutely
pubescent, 3 to 4 em. long; flowers sessile; bractlets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent
without and within, shorter or longer than the calyx; calyx broad, irregularly
cleft.at the tip, minutely pubescent outside and inside, 7 to 8 mm. long; corolla
tubular, broadening toward the tip, silky-villous, 18 mm. long, the lobes narrow,
about 5 mm. long; staminal tube included ; style subcapitellate.
Legume glabrous, 80 to 60 cm. long, about 7 cm. broad, and 2.5 to 8 em. thick,
the margins rounded and smooth, the apex obtuse; seeds 7 to 16 or more,
immersed in an insipid white pulp.
The type material was from Santa Marta, Colombia.
Costa Rica: Turrialba, flowers, November, 1898, Tonduz; October, 1894,
Pittier (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, nos. 8333, 9041). Talamanca,
Pittier. Boruca, fruits, February, 1891, Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr.
Costa Rica, no. 4765). Buenos Aires, Diquis Basin, fruits, February,
1891, Tonduz (Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica, no. 3826).
PANAMA: Chagres, January, 1850, Fendler. Matachin, Canal Zone, Otto
Kuntze 1928. Hospital Grounds at Ancén, Canal Zone, fruits, March,
1910, Chas. F. Mason. Around Culebra, Canal Zone, leaves only, Janu-
ary 15, 1911, Pittier 2423. Between Las Cascadas and Bas Obispo,
Canal Zone, flowers, July 1, 1911, Pittier 3746. Bismarck, above
Penonomé, Province of Coclé, fruits, March, 1908, Williams 888, 584.
This tree is sometimes cultivated on account of the edible pulp contained in
its enormous pods, but there is no doubt as to its being indigenous in Panama
and Costa Rica. 29 PUDESCENS «os occ cccaccnccccccecccccecces 399
TN oo soc eeawiensaeeegescuccincsesceeecoss 40 :
mirim..........2.2. Widupiehiusastnceonns 39 UTOIRH...20--e0nnnsesscerororererererere =
Qik ce set esa eid ececaseaticdule: 40 Arundinella sp etetec eset ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee 289
of the plains............cceseeeeeceeeeees 29 berteroniana.......... pocneece gee tetncns 290
ponhé.........2..2 0. eeeeceeececeeeceee 8, 26, 27 CONANT os i cic ccvcccecseceececescesecs » 290
Arcytophyllum...........0ccceceeeeeeecccees 126 CUDENSIS. . 0... 2-02 se ee ee eee eens eeoeees --- 290
capitatum.......... cc eee e eee e ee eeee 126,127 deppeana...-.-..-.- eee eeeteceeee 200
CATACASANUM. . 20... eee eee eee ee ec eee 126 martinicensis............e0005 cneaes eeeee 290
COUCATIUMN 0... ccc cece esse ene c ac enaeeenes 127 PCTUVIANG. 2.0... e cece cece eee ceeeenees --- 200
476 INDEX.
Page. Page
ATUNGO .. 21. - nec e cnn n ene ccccncnscceanaee BSG | Borreria. 2... cece cece eee c cece een eneeenesenes 122
GONAN .. oc ccccccreseeecncsscenscceeers 886, 402 Cc er 122
occidentalis... cc ceccacsccccccccccccessecs 386 latifolia... .ceccccccescceceeceneseeeeeeeee 122
Prag Mites... 5 -eceeeeseceeeereereccecees 386 BPINOSA . 2. eee ween eee e eee ee eee eeees 122
SACCHATOIES . 2. aa aececescceeeceeeeenseee 386 CONTIG voce ccc cdes ewe sscessscesecerasesss 122
ee 386 | Bosch-zuurzak...... Senedus eosecesnweccswaes 8,25
Atheropogon domingensi8.......eeeeeeeeeeeee 379 | Bourgonia (section)..........---------+--- 181, 219
Atractanthus (section). ...-....----..ese0-0 15,16 | Bouteloun.......... ee ee eee ee eee eee reece 879, 380
Alropis CATINAIG. . 0. ccc eee e eee cece eee eee eee 383 americana Pilgor....-.---------e-eeeeees 380
Atta (section)........--2eee een ee eee 18, 41, 43, 45, 51 americana Scribn.......--.2+- eee e ee eee 880
Attac (2rOUD).-...cceeee cece eee ee cence eeeeee 16 Gisticha... ccccccccsccccccecccccccseneces RSL
(SeCtiON) .. 2.22. esse eee ween eee e cere eeeeee 16 CLO OF 2 2 sc tewevads we ees sreeeseeeeestaess 380
AVONA. 2c cece cece eee cece eee ne eneeeeeseeee 872 heterostega... 2.2... cece eee e cece eeeeeees 881
(RAs cn tae ccc sece ccs seuss tceesee cesses e= 872 humboldtiand. ..-----.-.e-ceeeeeeeeeee --- «381
Vill. oa ccccleeene svc vewacdss ctsceccucess 401 JUTICCA. 22a ene cece cece eres ce cesses Bye)
Sativa. .c.ccccocccccscceccseceeeeeseccess 872 Le 380
AVCNCAGC. . 2.2 ca cee eee eee nec n eee ceeeeeeee 265, 270 POP PNYTANING.. cee eeenenenececceeeeees --. 381
AXONOPUS....--2-- eee scene eee creer eee e ee eees 299 triana........----. qn csseneereresssescoes 380
appendiculatus...........seeeeeeee eee eee 390 vameedeni. .....-.-- 2. eee eee eeeeeeeeneee 379
SULCUS cacse bevewed access uae ches e esses B00 | Brachiaria. . 2.2.2... cceseeweeseeececeneneene 299
Capillaris. ...------- ec eee eee eee eee eeees 800 erucacformis.....-...-.-..eeee oneness eeeee 299
COMPTCSSUS. ......0ee eee ence eee eeeeee 800, 402 Plantaginea..... 22. -ee eee ee cence eee cence 299
Cighdtus 2... e cece cece cece n cece ee eeeeeees 293 Platyphylla.. 2.2.2... ccc eew eee cree renee 2099
OQUItANS.... 0.0... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 801 | Bradburya angustifolia........ 2... eee eee eee 106
MaACrOStaChyUS.....---- 22 eee wee eee eeeeee B01 hoteroneura.........ceeeee sence ence eeees 106
PANICCUS. 2. ees eeece eee eee eee e ee ee eens 295 | Breiapfelbaum....--.-....-eeeeee cece eee eee 79
PCHItUS... ee eee eee eee ewe eee e recone BOL | Briza.......scscsccccsceccccccccccseseasacss Bet
Bahama 2Yass.....seeeee eens seen eee eeeeeenee 373 MaxiIMA....ccaccncccecsrecccrescnasccccss 504
Baltes ccesdisesdscctcecssouocsetsceccse cs 250 MIMNOP.t5secswdsectvswaseeesceee sevese-< 3 BOL
Bamboo... 0... eee ee eee eee e cece eee eceecee 397,401 | Bromus...........eee eens cece cece cee eee eeees 396
Bambos......-.- ee eee eee ee eee eee cece ences 401 SPlCAtus . oa ncccccccccccccnscccccsssecees 381
latifolia... 2. cece cece cece cece cece cnerees 401 Storie. coc cock dc esseeesesecee esos eccee's 396
TATA « oc ccna navccenvenncscccenctcceesceus 401 unioloides. ..... 2.22... cece eee ee ee eeeces 396
vulgaris... 2.2... cece eee cece cece eee eens 401 OU QOUUS occa ce caeeesesewcescesscecewsans 384
Bamboseae......------eeeeeeeeeeas 264, 271, 272,397 | Brosimum alicastrum...-..-...---.-22e-eeee 70
Bambusa sieberi...... Sewseeeeseeesescaswces 401 costaricanum ...........eeee eee e cece eee cg
Barba de indio...........ceee eee eens 277, 292, 374 terrabanum,. .........-..eee eee e eee eeeee 69
Basanacantha lasiantha...........-..------- 134 | Brownea...........eeeeeeeeeee eee 145, 147, 148, 149
Monantha.....---- eee enews ec eeenecerece 134 ATIZA. 2.2... e eee en ences 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152
Pittiorl........cccccececcc een ceescecceens 134 ATOCTISIS....cccceccccccccccccececccreer 146, 152
subcordata. .........ccceeeeereeececeeeee 134 Dirschellli.. 2 ccccscccecssccsccececssescs 146
Becquerelia glomerulata.........0seseeeeeoeee 88 Capitella.... 2... cece cee eeeeeeeeeeecne= 146, 153
Bejuco de garza....---. eee cece eee e cece eee 256 COUNIIONA. 2. cece eee eee e eee ee ences 146, 147, 155
Bermuda Grass. .......cee cece eee eecceecenees 373 COCCINCA... 2. eee eee eeeeee 146, 147, 1538, 154, 156
Bittherium foliosum..........cceeeeeeeeeeeee 377 grandicepS...........-seeee-0 146, 148, 150, 151
Bixa orellana. 2... 2. c cece eee e ence eee cece ee 83 PUATADA.... eee e eee e eee e cece ee en eee 146, 152
Bko.......-------2-- cebvetcceteesccssesencs 82 guianensis......0.....0eeeeeeee cence eee 146, 147
Blue grass, annual..........-....2ceeeeeeeee 395 latifolia... 2. eee wee e ee eee 146, 147, 156
Canada..... casas idegacecemereeececsessc 395 leucantha...........0.cec cece ence ec eenee 146
Bocerhaavia.......- ereeesccucee euaeneces sats 98 macrophylla.......... 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 155
QTANGIflOTA. . 02. eee eee e een e nee e neces 101 meglecta. ....... 2. eee eee eee eee e eens 146, 147
plumbagined. .....0.csee eee e eee e ee ceceees 101 megrensis........------see eee eee eee 146, 147, 156
TOPANAA. occ cccesececcscecncesercnceceees 101 TACCINOSA..-- eee eee eee ence eee e newness 147, 153
BSQUAITOSA. 2.20 e seen eee e eee e eee n cece tees 101 POSA 6 ccsecdeecceee ere cccscecscceecesee 147, 156
LUDETOSR. ow cccveveccscccccccccccccecsses 101 rosa-del-monte.............--- 146, 147,155, 156
werlicillAld., ...cceeeeeecee ence ec ee ee eenees 101 rosa-montis...... eeeensveseasesencersoes 156
Bogamani.........--0see eee ee eee e cece eeeeee » ‘14 SPCCIOSA.. 2.2.0.0 eee eeeee eee eee eee 146, 147, 154
Bogoban..........cecewceececcecceeecceeeeee 144 | Browneopsis.........---.+-eeeeeeeeee- 147, 148, 149
Bom bacacea®. .. 2... ceeeccenccececesscecce= 143, 161 Cauliflora.... 2... cee eee eee ee eee eee ee ees 148
Bombacopsis...........scecseecceceeeeees 161, 162 ORCCSG sic cs iccae cece secsscecsex 148, 149,157
fendleri. .. 2... eee eee eee cece eee ee eee 163 ucayalina 2.2.2.2... 2. eee e eee eee ee cece 148
SCSSIIS. . 0. occ c enc cccccnccccccccecnscene 162 | Buena panamensis............ cece cee eee e eee 126
Bomex scceeccs ccs ccceseescnsecsescueees 159,160 | Bulbostylis paradora...........2-2--.22-005 88
Darrigon.... 22. ceeee cece eeeeeeeeee 159,160,161 | Bumelia obovata..........-.0--ee eee eens 167
Jendleri.....cccccesee Gudacssesicawsesee sce 163 | Bullock’s heart........... eieeSeeseeeuve ces 4,19,43
sessile. .....-...-266 geacsecceseeceuces eee IG] | Burgrass... 2... cece cece e eee eee ee eee eee 331, 354
477
INDEX.
Page Page.
Caa-Apoal... 2... cece eces cece en ceeecereecees 41 | Cecropia longipes...............eeeeeeeee 227, 228
Cabeza de ilama... 2... 2. cee eee e eee eens 31 MAXKON 66 cis ccecescsecseaceewesseeccss 228
Ge NEPTO. cscs cess deccseseseescsecssscs 9,10, 31 1 227
Cabrera (section). .......0---- ee eee eee eee eee 299 THiziANS 2 ced cc cacccecacscceesss-cssee5 228
Cacao tree. 22... eee eee ecw ceca ccc ceeececceess 83 | Cenchropsis myosuroides. .......---0+-+----++ 355
Cachiman montagne..............2eeeeeeeeee 59 | Cenchrus... 2.2... cece cece e ween cece ence eee B54
MOPVCUX. cece cece eee cece cn ee eect eeeeees 59 Dreviselus. 2... eee ence eee e eee e eee ee eeeee 356
Cactacene. .cascceddlecscicncsavenecceeeessees 57 CaTolinianus.........seeeeeeeeeeee ences 355, 356
Caesalpiniaceae..... suseateuaeccesee sea ewes 143,148 CHIOT IS soos cee cn ewe ce dacececoccasseess =< 354
CAP A20 ices oss oe co seeeeescewsass feseee ss 319 distichophyllus. ..........sceeeeeeeeeeeee 3455
Calicocca ipecacuanhte........++2002-0eeee ee 123 echinatus.............0eeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 356
Calliandra... 2.22... eee cece eee eee eee cece 104 forma longispind.......-0.se2eeeeeeee 355
DIUICrh os aeseccescaseweeesatices scenes 104 Var. ViTidis..ccccccccccncncccerecccces 356
purdiaci...........ceeeee eee eeeeceeeeceee 104 CUMOU. 6 ko scsd theeein cont ees cowcee ae os 355
Callicarpa. 22.2 sss262.0 20004 scien ccseeesass 77 eracillimus. ........2--- cee e eee eeeeeeeens 856
Calocarpult «os. 52.65 sseeccecdes ees 76, 77, 82, 85 QTANULATIS. 20.2 eeeeee cee eceeeeeeeneeeeeee 276
MAMMOSUM.....-----------0- 77, 78, 81, 83, 84 NiTSULUS . voc cc ceee eee eeee ee eeeeeeececees 401
SO DOIG voce boca ecceestacesdsseesueass shoe 17 insularis. .........0.ccceeseeeeeeeeeceeeee 356
WiTdd@ oc cccgsceve sete iyeccces's oseseenes B84, 85 Ldevigatus........eeeeeneeenenceneeecceees 239
Calocephalae (series)...........++- 195,198, 205, 221 MACTOCEPNALUS. ....0eeeeeeeeecceeeeceeeee 355
Calog permum.. 2. 0.ccccdiwedeeeecnesdeens 76,77 microcephalus.....----+++++++++++++eee+- 856
TMOTMOSUM. 2 oe eeceeenceeecececcececcese 81 MYOSUTOIGES.. 0.2... e ee eee ence e eee e eee 855
Calyptrocarya.......cceeee cence cece eee cence 87 PATVIMOTUS. . 22... cee eee eee cece eee e eens 401
Sragifera ssa a Waste aleteseeaCeaweacveceeescess 88 SELOSUS. ooo a cnnnacccccnccccaccccoscacececs 354
glomerulata. ......cccceeeeeeeeeeeeceeees 88 tribuloides. . 22.22... eee cece eee eee eee ee 355
Camalote.....----ccccccccccecccaccccccccucee 357 var. macrocephalus...........--...4 355
Camandula........---cceeecececececccceecees 272 4 ba 60 ee er 856
Cambute..........seeeeeeee seeeblceseuseecce 357 | Cephaclis axillaris.........--00--eeee eee eee e ee 123
Campylomeurum. .........e0eeeee eee eee cess 124 COSLATICENSIS . . oe eceeeeecceeneecceeeseeees 123
Cafia Drava.....-cccececececececccceccucececs 401 UGG: oc lecewasdcecuneessutucecsecesssue 123
Cafia de azticar... 2... cece eee eee eee eee eee 273 MNUSCOSA. . oe eae e eee n nc ceesccccncccces -- 123
Cafiamazo. ......ccceececceeceececcceceeceees 318 psychotriacfolid. ......0-.00e- cece eeneeees 133
DMNAEO. 2. ec cceeececceccecccecccccececees 357 PUNICCD... 2. cere eee cere eee e nee eee cence ee 123
de sabana. ... ec eccccccccuccccaccceuees 301 LOMENLOSA. 2. cc waccccccncccccevcccccsscece 123
ulee... ccc cceeccccceccccceccccceececce 300,301 | Ceresia fluilans......-..sceseeeeeeseeeereeees 307
HeMD0. . ccecececcccccececcececececceces 31g | Cespedesia macrophylla. .............--0-- .. 238
MACHO... .ccccceeecanccececcececeseececs 301 | Chacal haaz.. 2.2.22... 2. cee ee eee e eee eee e ee 82
Canary £Tass. 2.0.2.2 s esc e cece ceeeeee serene 964 | Chaenanthera (section)........------------+- 249
Canavalia acuminata. .....-2.... cece ee ee eee 107 Chaetaria antillarwin....sceccceeeeeeenccenees 380
bicarinata. .....ccccecccccccececccecccece 106 | Chactium. . 2... cc. cee cece cece ence eee eee 346
Cane, Wild. . 2... cc... ee eeec cee e cece eee e cece 386 CUDANUM. 2.2.0... eee e eee eee e eee ee eeee 846
Canisté....-.ccccccceccccccecccccececcceccees gg | Chactochloa............-.ssseeeeeene (ieeanee 346
Canistel........ccececccceccccececcececcecees 86 DAL DAS ico cea seis scceceecdeuceemseeceess 348
Cafiuela.......-.-c.cee ccceecccecuaeesecucece 286 corrugata parviflora. ..............-..... 401
Capillaria. 22.2.2... cee eee ecee ee ecee ee eeeeeee 324 gemiculata......------------+-e-ees 350, 351, 401
Capriola............0ccceeecencccceecsncccees 878 Ce 351
Gactylon. .....-.cc eee ncnncscasnncescans 373 hispida... .cccoreecerccccscccccesscsssacas 851
Carex hermaphrodita...........222000-.+0000- 88 MDETbIS . . cece ee eee eee eee e eee er 351
Carpet grass... 2. ec ecee cece ccc eee eeeeeeeees 300 GENICULALA. © 6 eer a eee n eee e ee eneeeeeees 351
Caryochloa bahiensis. ........-2-+20-eeeeeeeee 362 AMPTeSSO. «02-22 eee reece ee eee rece ee eee 85
Cassia. ....cccccccccucccccecececencecceeeeece 102 TAN CA 4 Siow sc cc ccececec ces cceesese es 352
bacillaris........cc.cceeecceecceececeeeee 103 lutescens....- 2... eee eeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeee 851
Caudata. .........ceececcecceccecceeceecs 102 MAGNA... 0. eee ee eee eee eee e ence eecnces 852
falcinella. ...........0..eceeeeceececeeees 102 ONUTUS..- 2.22 - eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee ee B49
STANIS osc cee cess cnene sed se recesses sens 103 | Palmifolia. 2.2.22. cece eee ence eee n eee 348
inaequilatera...........02.eeee cece eee ees 103 PULPUTASCENS . waneeccennceccerecrcccrcces 351
regia a asd eee d ddneeilecaccdeseesvecesccacs 103 rariflora........ccccceceeee eccccccesenese 349
SLENOCOT PO. 2. .cccecececeeecceecececeeees 104 SAIZMANNIANG.... 00.4. 00eeeeeeneeenes vee. 350
MOQENE ate ceaek cubes ceaaeestesacsviees 104 scandens........+- cette cee eeeneeeweenees 852
undulata... cece cece cece eee c cc ccccecs 102 SCtOSA. 2... cee cece cence ec ecnescene GIS, 349, 350
CASSUDA 5,58, 59, 60 | REMSICYANUM . cacenncccccceccescccccccces 73,75
Orthopetala oo. oesoec csc coeev cc conse cus 60 | WiPPOMAane esse ses cess secs secs 73,75
pulchrinervia...........2-..--22---- 22 ee 60 obtusilobum... 2.2.2... eee cece ee eee eee 73, 74,75
31) 6d a er ae ae ee .... 58,60 {ROMSONE: 03 cnc Soseeeseesevewscdeeces xése 72
BUVACICA as o/c ewaieseeccectcesccsecsese seu 5 TOMMONSO ooo e haecce cane ce seen ences nase 72
Rondeletia secunda............-...00-0e eee W441 WHC ieee ceeisecwclesuetseewceececnneseeees 74,75
ROBR ioe oo ee cnc occ e tise oct eesa tacees ce sven 154, 156 VeTUI. 2.22 eee ee eee ee Sa ceeceets scene 40,71, 72
de montagiia.........-.. ee cece eee ee eee ee 160 | Sapodilla............ccecccneneneeenennnee 76, 78, 81
del monte. ............ee cece eee cece ener 156 NICO os svcccisce scan wee cecescesieseesesce 79, 80, 81
PUSTADG. oo ssc acecsscsenccesaccsccanccase 152 W000 soci ci ccc see acedececesecese esac 81
macho..... recta ceetueseescsecessarcers 152 | Saponemas.............eee eee eee e ee eee eeee 108
RROSOs cso ee recs secede dees ceveescccceeenscers 154 | Sapola achras..........2.- 2.22 eee eee eee eee 78
Rottbocllia Gurita... ccc eee e eee ee eee ee eeeee 276 PO DOUNG 0.2 cccecccases aces esenewesecess 76, 73
CfOU AAs s soc ceteris ssc ess see oe ses cssu 275 | Sapotactaed.....cccccccccccccncnccscccssnncce 69
PUYUCUG. haces ds cedsaccessscccesesecen sees 275 | Sapote.... 2... ee eee c cece eee e ence ewes 82
EMPY OSS. one ncacccccecceececcecseserees 275 | Sapotillier.... 2... 2... eee eee eee ween eee 79
MOPICOIG ooo coco aise cae sce wee swe whe sa csie ess 975.4, BADUYUl gc cca cease ccesessesee