SYSTEMATIC PLANT STUDIES ADVERTISEMENT The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled “Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,” which it had begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. ALEXANDER WETMORE, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE Untrep States NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 26 SYSTEMATIC PLANT STUDIES: MAINLY TROPICAL AMERICAN BARTRAM, BLAKE, CHRISTENSEN KILLIP, MORTON, PITTIER, TRELEASE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1940 DATES OF PUBLICATION Volume 26 of the Contributions consists of 10 parts, which were issued as follows: Part 1, pages 1-14, May 2, 1927. 2, pages 15-50, May 21, 1927. 3, pages 51-114, October 31, 1928. 4, pages 115-226, December 31, 1929. 5, pages 227-263, March 10, 1930. 6, pages 265-337, April 2, 1931. 7, pages 339-366, November 16, 1933. 8, pages 367-394, January 30, 1936. 9, pages 895-474, May 9, 1939. 10, pages 475~530, June 14, 1939. ERRATA Page 145, line 4: For “‘no. 1,229,355” read ‘‘no. 1,229,366.” Page 164, line 41: For 51116” read ‘'51166.” Page 181, line 14: For “no. 1,307,315” read “no. 1,307,317.” Page 206, lines 28-31: Statement regarding type should read: ‘‘Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,251,287, collected at Finca Montecristo, on the Rfo Reventazén below Cairo, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 25 meters, February 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 49016).” Page 206, lines 33 and 34: For ‘Finca Montecristo” read ““Hamburg Finca,” and for ‘‘49016” read ‘‘48932.” Page 295, lines 34 and 38: For “lobata’”’ read “‘lobatum.” Page 299, line 29: For “Athyrium tenuifrons” read ‘“Asplenium tenuifrons.” Page 316, line 38: For “f. thunbergiana (Kaulf.) Takeda, loc. cit.’’ read “f. contorta (Christ) Takeda, op. cit. 270.” Page 415, line 27: For “arguta”’ read “uncinata.” Page 503, lines 19 and 23: For “Pilea antioquiensis” read ‘‘Pilea anttoquensis.” IV PREFACE Volume 26 of the Contributions consists of 10 parts. The first is a short paper By Dr. H. Pittier, of Caracas, Venezuela, giving an account of the Central American representatives of the Lecythidaceae, or brazilnut family. Many trees of this family produce edible seeds, such as brazilnuts and sapucaia-nuts, some of which are an important article of export from South America. The species are little known botanically since they are mostly large trees, growing in wet virgin forests difficult of access. From Central America Mr. Pittier reports 5 genera and 19 species, 11 of the species being described as new. Most of the known Central American species are confined to Panama. The second part consists of a revision, by Dr. William Trelease, University of Illinois, of the Piperaceae, or pepper family, as repre- sented in Panama. Dr. Trelease is engaged in a monographic study of the American Piperaceae and has undertaken a revision of all the Panama species in connection with identifying a large quantity of material obtained in the region of the Canal Zone. He lists 138 from Panama, these being referred to four genera, one of which is new. Part 3 is an account, by Edwin B. Bartram, of a collection of mosses obtained in Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley, formerly associate curator of the National Herbarium. The collection was made during an investigation of the flowering plants in two visits to Costa Rica in the early part of 1924 and the winter of 1925-26. There are enu- merated 272 species and varieties, of which more than one-third are new to Costa Rica. Many of them are South American species, not previously recorded from North America. In addition, Mr. Bartram described 42 new species and varieties and one new genus. The wet mountain forests of Central Arnerica are rich in mosses, especially in epiphytic forms, and there is every reason to expect that future exploration will yield a large number of species unknown at present. Part 4 deals with the very numerous forms of Piperaceae occurring in Costa Rica. It has been prepared in connection with Dr. Trelease’s monographic study of the family as represented in North and South America. It is based upon a wide examination of material in both European and American herbaria, including a very large series of specimens collected in Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley. In all, 434 species are recognized (2 in Pothomorphe, 2 in Sarcorachis, 290 in Paper, 140 in Peperomia), more than one-half being here described as new. The type specimens of nearly all the new species are in the National Herbarium. Part 5, by Dr. S. F. Blake, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, presents some of the results of his v Ne oe VI CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM examination of type specimens of Mexican and Central and South American Asteraceae preserved in several of the larger European herbaria. Although confirming our present understanding of a large number of species, this study of historical material, much of which had never been critically examined since the species concerned were described long ago, has resulted in changes in the interpretation of four generic and over a hundred specific names. It serves to em- phasize the need for careful reexamination, in the light of modern knowledge, of the very numerous type specimens of American plants preserved in European collections and known to students in America only by the often meager original descriptions. Such specimens, on the correct identification of which the stability of our nomenclature largely depends, are frequently so fragmentary or otherwise imperfect that a photograph is not sufficient for recognition, and personal examination by a botanist thoroughly familiar with the group under investigation is required. The sixth part, by Dr. Carl Christensen, of Copenhagen, is a report upon the ferns and fern allies collected by Joseph F. Rock in south- eastern Asia from the middle of 1920 to March 1924, while engaged in botanical and ethnological field work. During the early part of this period Mr. Rock was employed as agricultural explorer for the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, and gave special attention to an investigation of the sources of chaulmoogra oil, at that time a little-known specific for leprosy, among the forests of the Burma-Yunnan border region. The exploration was carried also far into the Province of Yunnan, southwestern China, and in February 1923 was taken over by the National Geographic Society and was conducted under the auspices of the society for more than a year, the herbarium specimens (nearly 80,000 in number) from both sources being turned over to the United States National Museum. The collections thus brought together are notable for their large repre- sentation of primroses, rhododendrons, and ferns, and the National Museum is fortunate in being able to present a critical analysis of the fern material by Dr. Christensen, a special student of the Asiatic species of this difficult group. All of Mr. Rock’s pteridophytes from the regions mentioned, and of his smaller collections from Siam and Tibet, are cited in the present paper, with frequent reference to much historically important material collected by earlier explorers. Part 7, entitled “The Mexican and Central American Species of Viburnum,” by C. V. Morton, at present assistant curator in the National Herbarium, is the result of a critical study of material in the larger American herbaria and in the collections of the Botanisk Museum, Copenhagen, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. With the aid of data furnished by these historic specimens it has been possible to provide a fairly satisfactory treatment of the abundant PREFACE VII material collected in recent years, by making use largely of minute characters that have not previously received adequate attention. During the past 70 years only 5 species have been described from Mexico and Central America. In the present revision 30 species are recognized, 10 of which are described as new. In general, they are of rather narrowly limited distribution. None are known to be im- portant economically. Part 8, by Ellsworth P. Killip, associate curator in the National Herbarium, contains descriptions of numerous new species of Pilea, a genus of the family Urticaceae, which reaches its greatest develop- ment in the West Indies and western South America. As a member of three botanical expeditions to the Andes, Mr. Killip made exten- sive field observations and assembled a large series of specimens. These, with the rich collections in the more important herbaria of the United States and Europe, have served as the basis of a thorough revision of the genus as represented in the Andes. The results are partially presented in this paper, which consists of a key to all the species, 111 in number, and descriptions of 30 found to be new. In addition, three species are renamed, and two are raised from varietal to specific rank with change of name. Part 9, by C. V. Morton, is a critical account of the species of Besleria, of the family Gesneriaceae. This genus is confined to the New World Tropics, ranging from southern Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil. The author recognizes 141 species, of which 43 are here first described. Included also are descriptions of 11 new varieties and 5 new forms. The relatively large number of novelties is due partly to the slight attention that has been given to the genus since the appearance of Professor Hanstein’s monograph in 1865 and partly to the abundance of recent material now available for study, the present treatment being based upon specimens in the leading herbaria of the United States and in several of the larger botanical institutions of Europe. Types or isotypes of nearly all previously described species have been examined. The tenth and concluding part, by Ellsworth P. Killip, entitled “The Andean Species of Pilea,” is complementary to Part 8. With the exception of the 30 new species described in Part 8, it includes detailed descriptions of all the species there listed, together with synonymy, notes on relationships, geographic distribution, and citation of specimens examined. In addition, three species and a single variety are described as new. The number of species treated is 115. The area covered embraces Venezuela and adjacent Curagao, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile. Witiram R. Maxon, Curator, United States National Herbarium. June 14, 1939. CONTENTS Page Tue LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL America. By H. Pittier_.._.-.----- 1 Introduction_......-------------------------------------------- 1 Systematic treatment_......-..-------------------------------- 2 Tue PIrpERACEAE OF PaNaMa. By William Trelease___.....----------- 15 Introduction.......------------------------------------------- 15 Systematic treatment_--_...-.----------------------------+---- 16 Costa Rican Mossss Coutectep By Pavut C. StanpiEy. By Edwin B. Bartram___._.__--------------------- ao eee eee eee ee 51 Introduction______......-------------------------------------- 51 List of species_______------------------------------------------ 56 Tue PIPERACEAE oF Costa Rica. By William Trelease --_--..-------- 115 Introduction___._____.-_--------------------------------------- 115 Systematic treatment___--.------------------------------------ 117 Norges on Certain Type SpecimMENS OF AMERICAN ASTERACEAE IN European Herparia. By §S. F. Blake......_...-------------------- 227 Asiatic PreripopHyta CoLLEecTEeD By JosePH F. Rock, 1920-1924. By Carl Christensen_______..------------------------------ woe eeee- 265 Introduction______.__.._-__----------------------------------- 265 Pteridophyta from Burma, Yunnan, and Tibet__._--.------------- 271 Pteridophyta from northern Siam__.._.-.------------------------ 329 List of new species and varieties, and new names---.------------- 336 Tue Mexican AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SreciEs oF VinuRNUM. By C. V. Morton___________-_------------------------------------------- 339 Introduction_____......._------------------------------------- 339 History of the genus__---.------------------------------------- 339 Classification of the species_____-------------------------------- 340 Geographic distribution____------------------------------------ 341 Systematic treatment_-__-_------------------------------------- 342 New Species oF PILEA FROM THE ANDES. By Ellsworth P. Killip-- ---- 367 Introduction_____..__-.__--_--------------------~.------------- 367 Key to the groups and species.._....---------------------------- 368 Descriptions of new species. ..-.-------------------------------- 377 A Revision or Besiteria. By C. V. Morton__------.---------------- 395 Introduction___________-..------------------------------------ 395 History of the genus___..-.------------------------------------ 395 Diagnostic characters-_-.--..------------------------------------ 397 Sectional arrangement__........-------------------------------- 401 Generic relationships__._...-..--------------------------------- 402 Systematic treatment____._-_---------------------------------- 404 Tue ANDEAN SpeEciEs OF Pines. By Ellsworth P. Killip_-._----------- 475 Introduction___________-_------------------------------------- 475 Systematic treatment_______.---------------------------------- 476 List of the new species and a new variety__._--.------------------ 521 Index to numbered specimens. --_-------------------------------- 522 INDBX_.________--__- ee ne en ee eee eee 531 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Following page Puats 1. Gustavia superba (Kunth) Berg_---------------------------- 14 2. Gustavia superba (Kunth) Berg----------------------------- 14 3. Gustavia nana Pittier____..-------------------------------- 14 4. Gustavia nana Pittier___..__.-.---------------------------- 14 5. Couroupita darienensis Pittier__--.------------------------- 14 6. Lecythis melliana Pittier_.-..------------------------------ 14 7. Lecythis tuyrana Pittier___.....---------------------------- 14 8. Lecythis armilensis Pittier_.....---------------------------- 14 9. Lecythis ampla Miers___----------------------------------- 14 10. Lecythis costartcensis Pittier_--.---------------- ae eee ee ee-eee 14 11. Eschweilera calyculata Pittier___.--------------------------- 14 12. Eschweilera verruculosa Pittier___...------------------------ 14 13. Alsophila glabra (Blume) Hook----------------------------- 338 14. A, B. Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Smith..--..----------------- 338 15. Dryopteris fargesti (Christ) C. Chr___----------------------- 338 16. Polystichum stenophyllum Christ ---------------------------- 338 17. Polystichum punctiferum C. Chr_--_-~------------------------ 338 18. Athyrium dissitifolium (Baker) C. Chr_.--------------------- 338 19. Athyrium supraspinescens C. Chr_-------------------------- 338 20. Diplazium veitchit Christ__-.------------------------------- 338 21. Plagiogyria henryit Christ. ----.---------------------------- 338 22. Polypodium sublineare Baker - - ----------------------------- 338 23. Polypodium chrysotrichum C. Chr----------------- _aa------- 338 24, Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall_.---------------------------- 338 25. Leucostegia pulchra (D. Den) Moore------------------------- 338 26. Diplazium siamense C. Chr-------------------------------- 338 27. Asplenium rockit C. Chr__.-------------------------------- 338 28. Brainea insignis Hook_-....------------------------------- 338 29. Polypodium oosphaerum C. Chr-_--------------------------- 338 30. Pilea foliosa Killip__..------------------------------------ 530 31. Pilea vegasana Killip-------------------------------------- 530 32. Pilea myriophylla Killip----------------------------------- 530 33. Pilea weberbaueri Killip_..--------------------------------- 530 34. Pilea daguensis Killip_------------------------------------ 530 35. Pilea scandens Killip__.._.-------------------------------- 530 36. Pilea smithii Killip._..._.---------------------------------- 530 37. Pilea triradiata Killip__....------------------------------- 530 38. Pilea antioquensis Killip_...------------------------------- 530 39. Pilea attenuata Killip.__----------------------------------- 530 40. Pilea glaucophylla Killip---.------------------------------- 530 XII FiGURE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM TEXT FIGURES Dicranella standleyt Bartr....----.---------- eee eee ene Campylopus standleyt Bartr........----------------------- Campylopus standleyt var. lutescens Bartr_____.------------- . Campylopus atratus Bartr_...----------------------------- Campylopus costaricensis Bartr_.--------------------- _uaee . Campylopus straminifolius Bartr_....----_----------------- . Campylopus falcatulus Bartr....-------------------------- . Dicranodontium meridionale Bartr....-.-------- weneee---ee . Holomitrium standleyt Bartr..__..__...--------------------- . Holomitrium williamst Bartr...-.------------------------- . Dicranoloma brittonae Bartr_...._..----.------------------- . Dicranoloma setaceum Bartr_......------------------------ . Syrrhopodon cristatus Bartr__....-.----------.------------ . Syrrhopodon thertott Bartr___----------------------------- . Leptodontium sulphureum var. flagellaceum Bartr__-.--------- . Brachymenium viviparum Bartr__..-.----.----------------- . Brachymenium standleyt Bartr_...------------------+------ . Anomobryum costaricense Bartr._.------------------------- . Macromitrium verrucosum Bartr..-.----------------------- . Macromitrium fusco-aureum Bartr__..-.------------------- . Macromitrium subcirrhosum C., M__--_.___-_--------------- Macromitrium williamst Bartr.._...-..--.-.--------------- Macromitrium standleyt Bartr..-_------------------------- . Macromitrium standleyt var. subundulatum Bartr__..-..------ . Macromitrium hirtellum Bartr_.....-..----. -------------- . Macromitrium mammillosum Bartr._.___.__.--------------- . Macromitrium costaricense Bartr_--.---.------------------- . Macromitrium fuscescens Bartr..........--.--------------- A. Lepyrodon tomentosus var. latifolius Bartr. B—E. Prionodon densus var. crispatulus Bartr__.._...._------------------- . A-F. Pilotrichum pallidum Bartr. G—J. Cyclodictyon brittonae . Daltonia aristifolia Bartr__..----------------------------- A-E. Hookeriopsis standleyi Bartr. F-L. Hookeriopsis obtusi- folta Bartr___--.-------------------------------------- Lepidopilum carneum Bartr___.--.------------------------ Neohypnella mucronifolia Bartr_.........-._---------------- . Eurhynchium exasperatum (Hampe) Jaeg____________------- . A-E. Brotherella minutula Bartr. F, G. Hypnum polypterum var. robustum Bartr____.......------------------------- Glossadelphus longisetus Bartr....._.........._-.-_--------- . Isopterygium integrifolium Bartr...........---------------- . A-E. Isopterygium cylindricarpum Card. F-J. Microtham- nium lazulum Bartr___......_.------------------------- SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 26, PART 1 THE LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA By H. PITTIER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1927 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATKS NATIONAL MUSEUM 2 PREFACE The first part of volume 26 of the Contributions from the National Herbarium is devoted to an account of the Central American rep- resentatives of the Lecythidaceae or brazilnut family, by Mr. H. Pittier, of Caracas, Venezuela. Many trees of this family produce edible seeds, such as brazilnuts and sapucaia-nuts, some of which are an important article of export from South America. The species are little known botanically, since they are mostly large trees, grow- ing in wet virgin forests difficult of access, and it is hard to procure specimens of them. In continental America the family is known to range northward to Nicaragua. From Central America Mr. Pittier reports 5 genera and 19 species, 11 of the species being described as new. The greater number of the known Central American species are con- fined to Panama. Freperick V. Coviixs, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. 1 CONTENTS Introduction__.______-------------------- __ Systematic treatment_...----------------- --- ILLUSTRATIONS Piate 1. Gustavia superba (Kunth) Berg---------- Following page. po ewe ne nnn e e+ 14 . Gustavia superba (Kunth) Berg_---- . Gustavia nana Pittier_____-_----------- -- 14 - 14 . Gustavia nana Pittier___._...---------- - -- 14 . Lecythis tuyrana Pittier_-__--------- . Couroupita darienensis Pittier__..__-_------ . Lecythis melliana Pittier_-_--------------- ------+------------ 14 ~------------------ 14 ------------------- 14 . Lecythis armilensis Pittier___._-__-_--------- ~------------------ 14 ----- 14 CONIA ar WD . Lecythis ampla Miers_------------- 10. Lecythis costaricensis Pittier - ---+- 14 11. Eschweilera calyculata Pittier - 14 14 12. Hschweilera verruculosa Pittier_—_- THE LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA —_— By H. PITTIER INTRODUCTION Up to 1908, only four species, belonging to three genera of the fam- ily Lecythidaceae, and ranging from the Canal Zone to Nicaragua, had been reported from Central America. They were Gustavia superba, Grias fendleri, and Couroupita odoratissima and C. nicara- guensis, In the course of that year three new species and two genera (Lecythis costaricensis, Eschweilera collinsti, EF. calyculata) were added to the list, and the southward extension of Couroupita nicaraguensis along the Pacific coast was reported. Northward, Nicaragua seems to remain the extreme limit reached by the family. The botanical explorations of Panama undertaken under the auspices of the Smithsonian Institution and started in 1909, led me tothe magnificent forests of the southeastern parts of that country, in the district of Port Obaldfa on the Caribbean side, and in the Samba and Tuyra valleys of the Pacific watershed. The study of the flora of these extraordinarily rich plains and hills was only started, though with wonderful glimpses of its composition. The presence in our collections of representatives of genera such as Brownea, Cen- trolobium, Mimusops, and Lucuma, hitherto considered as almost exclusively South American, and, above all, the abundance of unde- scribed forms of Lecythidaceae, of which no less than 11 are here described for the first time, revealed the existence in that region of a real miniature of the Amazonian silva, miniature in extension but quite as majestic in the dimensions of its elements. In fact, the for- ests of the Panamanian Darién are the most perfect type of tropical rain forests which it has been my privilege to contemplate in forty years of neotropical exploration. This is not the place to discuss the causes which have given rise to the development of such a remarkable flora, or its relationships with that of the central and eastern sections of the South American continent. The facts at hand are not sufficient. In the first place, the study of the forests in question has only been initiated and they reserve innumerable sur- >Qontr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 95-104. 1908. 2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM prises; moreover, our knowledge of the flora of the plains along the western Caribbean seaboard and the Pacific coast of Colombia is too scanty to allow even tentative conclusions. The present paper contains the descriptions of all the species, pertaining to five genera, hitherto reported from Central America, including Panama. I do not consider the subject as exhausted. More species of the genera already represented will be found, and at least one genus, Cariniana, abundant in the forests of the Sinu and Atrato valleys, is likely to exist also in Darién. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT KEY TO GENERA Androecium equally expanded all around, so forming a sort of regular cup or ring, with the terminal part of the stamens involuted. Fruit indehiscent, the whole intrastamina] disk flat, more or less impressed and limited by a circular ridge. Anther cells free, rounded, splitting longitudinally. Seeds 1 in cach cell; funicle about the length of the seed; sepals 2________________ 1. GRIAS. Anther cells connate, more or less elongate, opening by apical pores. Seeds 6 in each ovary cell, suspended by long fleshy twisted funicles; calyx very short and entire, or 5 or 6-lobate_______-_____________ 2. GUSTAVIA. Androecium expanded on one side as a hood-shaped plate. Stamens all fertile; fruits cannon-ball-like, indehiscent, with only the in- nermost part of the intrastaminal disk marked out as a domelike oper- cule. Septa and placentas turning into a semiliquid pulp. 3. COUROUPITA. Stamens of the hood mostly sterile; fruit dehiscent, the opercule formed by the whole intrastaminal disk. Seeds large, fusiform, hanging from a fleshy funicle; fruit large, with very thick, woody walls: giant trees, with small serrate leaves, 4. LECYTHIS. Seeds small, rounded, sessile and erect in the coriaceous fruit: middle- sized trees with entire leaves__.._.___________ _5. ESCHWEILERA. 1. GRIAS I. 1. Grias fendleri Seemann, Bot. Voy. Herald 126. 1854. A tree 8 to 12 meters high; trunk about 33 em. in diameter, divided almost from base; limbs erect, dark grayish. Leaves densely fasciculate on new wood, sessile, obovate-spatulate, long- cuneate, acute, entire or obscurely serrate toward the apex, 25 to 65 em. long, 4 to 11 cm. broad; costa and primary veins prominent on both faces but more so underneath; primary veins about 35 on each side, anastomosed along the margin of the blade. Inflorescence racemose, simple, entirely glabrous; rachis very short: floral pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long, each with one diminute basal bractlet. Calyx ovoid, about 6 mm. long and 5 mm. in diameter, 4-lobulate and with a dark margin; lobules obtuse. Petals 4, concave, ovate-elliptic, obtuse, smooth, white, 12 to 14 mm. long, 9 to 10 mm. broad. Androphore cup-shaped, white, about 3 mm. bread, multi-appendiculate, the interior appendices about 2 mm. long, the PITTIER—LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 3 exterior ones involute, 6 to 8 mm. long; anthers sessile or subsessile; ovary ovoid-turbinate, 4-celled, the cells pluriovulate ; stigma subsessile, 4-lobulate. Pyxis 1-celled, 1-seeded, ovoid, green on the outside, about 3 cm. long and 95 cm. in diameter, borne on a pedicel nearly 1 cm. long and bearing at the apex the enlarged stigma. Pericarp thin, fleshy; mesocarp membranous, 8-costulate. Seed ovoid, 28 to 30 mm. long, 17 mm. in diameter, smooth, sus- pended from the top of the cell by a thin funicle. Embryo almond-like, but very bitter and not edible. Panama: In forests near Chagres, flowers, Feb. 12, 1850, Fendler 185 (type), 187. Below Pinogana, Darién, on the right margin of Tuyra River, flowers, April 18, fruits, June 15, 1914, Pittier 6652. Our specimens differ from the type in the number of the pairs of primary yeins (35 instead of 38), in the ovoid shape of the alabastrum, in the mostly 4-lobed calyx, and in having the ovary smooth and rounded instead of tetragonous; but these particulars are so insignificant that there is hardly a doubt as to our tree being identical with the one collected by Fendler. The full description of the species is based on better and more complete material than that distributed by the last collector. 2. GUSTAVIA L. KEY TO SPECIES Fruits small, regularly winged or costate ; leaves small, entire or almost so; calyx 6-lobulate. Fruits winged______----------------------------------- 4. G. brachycarpa. Fruits costate_____-_----------------------------------- 2. G. pleurocarpa. Fruits large, more or less smooth ; leaves long, spatulate and narrow, more or less sinuate or toothed; calyx entire. Leaves sessile or almost so; middle-sized tree with large showy flowers. 3. G. superba. Leaves long-petiolate; cauliflorous tree------------------------- 4. G. nana. 1. Gustavia brachycarpa Pittier, sp. nov. A tree 12 to 15 meters high, 30 to 35 cm. diameter at the base; trunk straight, about 6 meters high. Bark grayish, smooth. Branching diffuse, forming a rounded crown, the long boughs more or less hanging. Young branchlets green, smooth, finely striate longitudinally. Leaves alternate, membranous, petiolate, glabrous, dark green above, paler beneath; petioles 8 to 10 mm. long, subalate; leaf blades obovate or ovate- elliptic. attenuate at base to narrow wings, acuminate at tip, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3.5 to 7 em. broad; margin slightly sinuate-dentate on the upper half of the blade, entire on the lower half; costa prominent on the lower face, hardly so on the upper one; primary veins 14 or 15, arcuate and twice an- astomosed along the margin; veinlets inconspicuous ; stipules triangular, acute, about 4 mm. long, early caducous. Flowers not known, apparently single or few together at the ends of the branchlets. Pyxis small, ovoid, flat or slightly depressed at the top, 5 or 6 celled, dehiscent, sessile, but attenuate at the base as a (2.5 cm. long) 4-winged pseudo-pedicel. Body of the pyxis about 2.5 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter, 6-winged, the (5 mm. wide) wings alternating with the persistent erect triangular-acute sepals, these 10 to 12 mm. long and 10 mm. broad at the base; pericarp about 2 mm. thick, woody and hard; interzonal band flat, 2.5 mm. wide. Operculum about 1.5 em. in diameter, not seen. Fertile seeds 2 4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM or 3 in each fruit, the remaining cells occupied by aborted seeds; funicle fleshy; seed ovoid, about 12 mm. long, with a brown perisperm, paler and torulose around the large apical micropyle. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 715480, collected in woods around San Felix, eastern Chiriqui, Panama, December 23, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 5269). This species has the smallest fruits observed heretofore in the genus. Its nearest ally is G. pterocarpa Poit. of Guiana. 2. Gustavia pleurocarpa Pittier, sp. nov. A tree up to 20 meters high and about 40 em. in diameter ; trunk straight; bark brownish, slightly roughened; branching radiate, forming an elongate crown ; branchlets slender, flexible, with a smooth, finely striate, brownish bark. Leaves petiolate, membranous, entirely glabrous; petioles 1.5 to 2 em. long; leaf blades ovate-elliptic, 8 to 19 cm. long, 3.5 to 7 cm. broad, attenuate and decurrent on two-thirds of the petiole length at base, subacuminate and more or less acute at tip; margin entire; costa prominent on both sides of the blade, the more so beneath; primary veins about 8, slightly arcuate, arcuately ana- stomosed along the margin, prominent beneath, with the interspaces minutely reticulate. Flowers terminal, single or geminate, about 6 cm. in diameter when spread, the peduncle, bracts, receptacle, and calyx lobes furfuraceous; peduncles 2 em. long, rather thick, provided at the middle with a pair of ovate acute bracts 4.5 mm. long; receptacle 6-costate, about 7 mm. in diameter; calyx lobes 6, triangular or ovate, acute, nearly 7 mm. long with about the same basal breadth, persistent; petals 6, the 3 exterior ones larger, ovate, rounded at tip, 3 to 3.5 cm. long, about 2 cm. broad, yellowish white, more or less furfuraceous with- out, glabrous within; androecium equally expanded all around, about 22 mm. in diameter; anthers ovate, subacuminate, emarginate at base, 1.8 mm. long; ovary 6-celled, each cell pluriovulate; style very short; stigmas 6, erect and adhering. Young fruits crowned with persistent calyx lobes and more or less 6-costate.: Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678933, collected on Loma de la Gloria, back of Faté6, Province of Col6n, Panama, altitude 100 meters or less, July, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 3857). The following collections also belong here: PANAMA; Loma de la Gloria, August, 1911, Pittier 4104 (flowers) ; Sept. 12, 1911, Pittier 4426 (young fruits). This species seems to differ from all the Gustavias of the Isthmus and adjacent South America by its small leaves and flowers, the latter exclusively terminal, and by the general habit of the tree, which looks much more like an Eschweilera. 3. Gustavia superba (Kunth) Berg, Linnaea 27: 444. 1854. PLATES 1, 2. Pirigara superba Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 3: 426. 1824. A tree, up to about 20 meters high and 35 cm. diameter at the base, sparingly ramified, the limbs erect or ascending, usually unbranched, glabrous, covered with the leaf scars, the younger part fistulous. Leaves congested at the ends of the limbs, entirely glabrous, membranous; petioles thick, 2 to 9.5 em. long; blades oblong-lanceolate, long-cuneate and sub- decurrent at base, acutely long-acuminate at apex, 25 to 100 em. long, 8 to 18 cm. broad, light green on both sides, the margin coarsely and remotely serrate with acute teeth; costa thick, prominent on both sides; primary veins 20 to 25 on each half of the blade, prominulous above, prominent beneath, united by slender transverse veinlets and a dense prominulous reticulation of lesser thick- ness. PITTIER—-LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 5 Flowers congested on the old wood just below the lower leaves, the racemes 2 to 12-flowered, glabrous; peduncles thick, 2 to 6 cm. long; pedicels 5 to 9 em. long, puberulous, provided at the base with an ovate obtuse bract about 5 mm. long, articulate at the middle, with a pair of clasping, more or less adnate bractlets, these very short and broad; open flowers 8 to 12 cm. in diameter; receptacle discoid, flat, about 2 cm. in diameter; calyx short (not over 1 cm. broad), minutely puberulous-pubescent, the margin entire; petals 8 (4 slightly larger), obovate, slightly attenuate to the base, rounded-obtuse at apex, 5 to 7 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad, glabrous, yellow at base, turning to pink dotted with white toward the apex; androphore pinkish white, discoid, about 4.5 cm. in diameter; stamens and staminodes yellow at base, turning to pink toward the tip; ovary turbinate, 6-celled, velvety-pubescent on the upper face; style obtuse and very short. Pyxis large, subglobose. Type collected at Turbaco, near Cartagena, Colombia, by Humboldt and Bon- pland. Common in the Canal Zone and in its immediate vicinity, but not reported from farther west and apparently not found in south Darién or in the rainy parts of the San Blas Coast. PANAMA: Chagres Valley, Pittier. Empire, May 2, 1912, Christopherson 197. Monte Lirio, March 2, 1912, Christopherson 128. Hospital grounds at Ancén, February 14, 1911, Pittier 2746; March, 1910, C. F. Mason. Gatuncillo, Stevens 1159. Gamboa, Stevens 1090; Standley 28389. Obispo, Standley 31709. Tapia River, Maxon & Harvey 6746a. Gorgona, Maxon 6787. Chagres arm of Gatin Lake, Maron 6554. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31447, 31253. Darién Station, Standley 31553. Fort Sherman Standley 30955. Taboga Island, Standley 27934. Rio Paraiso, above East Paraiso, Standley 9917. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25716, 29591. Hills north of Frijoles, Standley 27443. According to Miers,’ this species has been collected in Ecuador by Sinclair, which would mean a considerable extension of its area to the south. Seemann ® states that in Panama it forms entire woods in the central districts, a fact which lacks confirmation. According to my personal experience, even small groves of the tree are of rare occurrence and it is found mostly scattered as single individuals. Seemann refers this species to G@. angustifolia Benth., but in that the leaves are almost sessile and comparatively narrow, the flowers smaller and terminal with the pedicellar bractlets near their base, and the petals mostly 6. The fruit of Gustavia superba Berg is edible, but in no way distinguished by its flavor or nutritive properties. The usual vernacular name applied about the Canal Zone to the tree is “ membrillo.” EXPLANATION oF PLATE 1.—Gustavia superba. Inflorescence, about one-tenth natural size. PLATE 2.—A flower. Natural size. 4, Gustavia nana Pittier, sp. nov. Pirates 3, 4. A small single-stemmed cauliflorous shrub about 1.5 meters high, the trunk not over 6 cm. in diameter at the base. Leaves dense at top of stem, alternate or subverticillate; petioles 3 to 15 em. long, slender, terete; leaf blades narrow-elliptic, attenuate at both ends, hardly decurrent but extending along the petiole in two almost inperceptible keels, 21 to 40 cm. long, 5 to 8 em. broad; margin slightly sinuate-dentate, the teeth distant about 1.5 em. in the middle part of the blade; costa and veins prominent on both sides but more so on the lower face; primary veins about ?Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 177. ®> Bot. Voy. Herald 126. 1854. 6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 17, straight and anastomosed along the margin, the transverse veinlets well marked on both faces. Flowers not seen, appearing near the base of the trunk. Pyxis rather large, borne on a pedicel 3 cm. long, globose-subpyriform, the body 7 cm. long and 7 cm. in diameter, 5-celled, obsoletely costate; caly- cinal zone prominent and bearing the remnants of the calyx; interzonal band flat, 2.5 mm. broad; operculum slightly convex, apiculate-umbonate, smooth and lustrous, bright yellow; pericarp coriaceous, about 5 mm. thick, smooth and light brown outside; inner pulp yellow. Seeds 1 to 3 in each cell, angu- lose, irregularly shaped and compressed, 2 to 3 cm. long and broad; testa membranous, brownish. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 679189, collected on Loma de La Gloria, back of Fat6, Province of Colon, Panama, in fruit, August 4, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4093). This differs from all other described species in its reduced size and in the petiolate leaves. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3.—Q@ustavia nana. A fruit on branch. About seven-eighths natural size. PLarn 4.—Fruits and secds; above an operculum, below cross section of fruit. Natural size. 3. COUROUPITA Aubl. Owing to the scarcity of the cannon-ball trees, it has been found difficult to obtain satisfactory specimens. For this reason the three following species are incompletely described. KEY TO SPECIES Flowers 4 to 5 em. in diameter; anther cells divaricate from the base; petals pink ; low spreading savanna tree, branched almost from the base. 1. C. odoratissima. Flowers 7 to 8 em. in diameter; anther cells connate; petals white, pink, or reddish-tinged ; high forest trees. Petals 1.8 to 2.2 em. broad; filaments of the anthers 1 mm. long; corolla red- dish white-_----__-___----- ee 2. C. nicaraguensis, Petals 2.2 to 3 cm. broad; filaments of the anthers 2 to 2.5 em. long; corolla pinkish white______----- 3. C. darienensis. 1. Couroupita odoratissima Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 126, 1854. A large tree, divaricate from the base: crown spreading, domelike; branch- lets thick, rounded, striate, verruculose. Leaves oblong, attenuate at both ends, abruptly acuminate, sparsely hairy, the pubescent petiole thick, 1 to 1.5 em long, the lamina 15 to 19 em. long, 6 to § em. broad; margin entire, obscurely sinuate, or minutely ciliate-denticulate ; venation hardly prominent above, more so beneath, the costa and primary veins here densely hairy-puberulent; stipules small, subcordate, puberulous, early caducous. Floral racemes issuing from the trunk and larger limbs, also terminal (?); rachis thick, about 18 cm. long, angulose-sulcate, glandulose-verruculose, tomen- tose, many-flowered. Flowers large, fragrant; pedicels 13 to 19 mm. long, at first brown-tomentellose and then subglabrous; sepals obtuse, ciliate; petals oblong-obtuse, fimbriate on the margin, pink with yellow lines; androphore of a rich yellow color; stamens short, crowded on both the ring and the hood; anther cells divaricate at the base. Fruit large, globose, single or in clusters. PANAMA: Forests of Rfo de Jesfis, between Santiago and Puerto Mutis, Veraguas, Seemann 1151, in herb. Hook., type. Forests of Hato de San Juan, between San Lorenzo and San Felix, eastern Chiriquf, Otte Lutz, photograph. PITTIER—-LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 7 The first locality was believed to be the only one in which the species occurred. The discovery by Dr. Lutz is consequently of great interest, so much the more so in that he found the tree loaded with fruits. 2. Couroupita nicaraguensis DC. Prodr, 3: 294. 1828. Trunk high and straight, bearing a subglobose crown. Leaves large, coriaceous, obtuse ; flowers large, clustered on trunk and larger limbs, their greatest diameter 7 5 em.; calyx lobulate; petals 6, obovate, obtuse, the 3 exterior ones slightly smaller, 2 to 3.5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.2 cm. broad, reddish white; stamens numerous upon both ring and hood; filaments about 1 mm. long, swollen at the tip on the ring, attenuate on the hood ; anthers ovoid, 0.5 mm. long and broad, the cells connivent. Fruits large, globose, single or 2 to 8-clustered. Nicaracua: Cited from that country without precise locality by de Candolle. Vicinity of Paso Real, road from Rivas to Granada, near Rio Ochomogo, Oer- sted. Along the Ochomogo River, north of Rivas, Shannon 5004. Costa Rica: Salinas Bay, Pittier in 1891; Nicoya, Pittier in 1903. The above description is based upon the original description in the Prodromus, upon Oersted’s notes, upon the incomplete specimens collected by Shannon. and upon the writer’s own observations. It is more complete than the one given in my former paper on the subject, but yet far from satisfactory. 3. Couroupita darienensis Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 5. A very large, deciduous tree, the trunk straight, up to 30 meters high and 1.25 meters diameter at the base; main limbs radiating horizontally from the apex of the trunk and forming a flat, sparsely branched crown; bark of the trunk and limbs thick, scaly, brownish gray, that of the branchlets fibrous, the fibers strong ; wood brownish, ill-scented. Leaves unknown, undeveloped at time of flowering. Floral racemes short, growing from the limbs and larger branchlets. Corolla pinkish white, 7 to 8 cm. in diameter; petals 6, fleshy, unequal, ovate, rounded at base, broadly rounded at apex, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 2.2 to 3 cm. broad, glabrous ; androphore pinkish white, broadening from the ring (1.8 cm. in diameter) to the galea (2.8 to 3 cm. broad) ; stamens very numerous and entirely covering the inner surface of the androphore, the ones on the ring and ligule small, with clavate (1.2 to 1.5 mm. long) filaments and subglobose anthers, the ones on the galea with broad attenuate (2 to 2.5 mm. long) filaments and larger anthers. Other details of the flower not known. Pyxis very large, globose or slightly depressed, 15.5 to 18 cm. in diameter, 6-celled, the calycinal zone apical and obsolete, the seeds few, orbiculate, depressed, hairy, surrounded by the pulpy dissepiments of the endocarp and columella. Type (fruit, seeds, parts of flower in alcohol, and photograph) in U. 8. National Herbarium, collected in forests around Pinogana, southern Darién, Panama, April 20, 1914, by H. Pittier (no. 6563). This species was tentatively compared first with Couroupita peruviana Miers, which differs in the coloring of the flower, and in the larger fruit with the calycinal zone much more d.stant from the apex, and then with the little- known C. nicaraguensis DC., also distinct in the mode of branching, the smaller flowers, and the details of the stamens. This is one of the tallest trees in the forests of Darién. The trunk is always clean to a considerable height and the limbs spread horizontally at a great distance from its apex. The flower racemes appear on the latter or on smaller 8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM branchlets, but never on the trunk, at a time when the leaves are not yet developed. The wood is characterized by its fetid smell. The tree is known among the natives as “coco zapote” or “ coco de mono.” EXPLANATION OF PLATE 5.—Cowroupita darienensis. A tree in forest. 4, LECYTHIS Loefl. KEY TO SPECIES Leaves large (12 to 36 cm. long), coriaceous, ovate-oblong or elliptic, the margin entire or obscurely crenate. Blade of the leaves decurrent on the petiole, rounded at the apex; pyxis 15 to 16 cm. high, the basal band 5.5 cm. high, the interzonal band 7 to 7.5 em. broad. South Darién____.-.-_~--_-_-_--_-_- ee 1, L. melliana. Blade of the leaves rounded at the base, acuminate at the apex; pyxis 12 to 14.5 cm. high, the basal band 6 to 8 em. high, the interzonal band 4 to 5 em. broad. South Darién 2. L. tuyrana. Leaves small (not over 10 cm. long), membranous, ovate, crenulate-serrate. Base of the operculum distinctly conical, with a smooth surface, about 7 cm. in diameter; calycinal zone continuous, the individual sepals hardly dis- tinct. San Blas Coast.__.-.._-.--__-__-_______ 3. L. armilensis. Base of the operculum more irregular and broad (not under 9 cm. in diam- eter). Leaves rounded or subcuneate at the base; pyxis ovoid, about 20 ecm. high; basal band 11 to 12 cm. high, the interzonal band 4 to 7 em. broad. San Blas Coast___ a------ 4. L. ampla. Leaves cordate at the base; pyxis subglobose, 15.5 to 22 em. high, the basal band 8 to 14 em. high, the interzonal band 6 to9 cm. broad. Costa Rica. 5. L. costaricensis. 1. Lecythis melliana Pittier, sp. nov. Pate 6, A large tree, up to 40 meters high and 80 cm. in diameter, the trunk straight, covered with a grayish rimose bark, the branching radiate, beginning about 8 meters above the ground. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, the petioles thick, canaliculate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, the blades ovate-oblong, rounded and decurrent on the petiole at the base, rounded at the apex, 12 to 35 cm. long, 10 to 14 em. broad, the costa thick, im- pressed above, very prominent beneath, the primary veins about 33, prominu- lous on both faces, with short intermediate parallel venules forming a striate zone on both sides of the costa; margin entire, sometimes slightly repand. Inflorescence paniculate, few-branched, the rachis thick, angular, glabrous. Flowers sessile, sulphur or orange-yellow, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter when fully open; calyx tube 5 to 6 mm. long, salver-shaped, the 6 lobes (imbricate in bud) broadly ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, 9 to 11 mm. long and broad, the margin entire and revolute; petals ovate or obovate, obtuse at apex, more or less attenuate and adnate together and with the androphore at the base, about 4 cm. long and 2 cm. broad; androphore yellow, the basal ring 7 to 8 mm. broad, the ligule about 2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, the hood ovate, shortly fimbriate on the margin; ovary 4-celled. Pyxis subglobose, grayish brown and rough without, 15 to 16 cm. high, the walls 2 to 2.5 em. thick, woody; basal part obeonical, 5.5 cm. high; calycinal zone more or less continuous and even; interzonal band 7 to 7.5 cm. high, 15 cm. in diameter; operculum 3 em. thick and 11.5 em. in diameter; seeds 6.5 to 7 em. long, 2.5 em. broad, about 10 in each pyxis. PITTIER—-LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 9 Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 716604, collected in forest between Pinogana and Yavisa, southern Darién, Panama, in flower and fruit, April 17, 1914, by H. Pittier (no. 6538). EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.—Lecythis melliana. Two views of a pyxis. About three- eighths natural size. 2. Lecythis tuyrana Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 7. A tree 25 to 30 meters high; trunk straight; bark brownish, rimose; branch- lets verruculose; covered with a white, longitudinally reticulate film. Crown ovate-elongate, densely leafy. Leaves petiolate, large, coriaceous; petiole thick, clasping at the base, then winged and broadly canaliculate, 10 to 15 mm. long, darkish in color; lamina long-elliptic or lanceolate, rounded at base, acuminate at tip, entirely glabrous, glossy above, paler and dull beneath, 20 to 36 cm. long, 6 to 12 cm. broad; costa carinate on the upper side of the lamina, thick, rounded and prominent beneath; primary veins about 35, hardly salient on the upper face, rather prominent beneath; margin entire or obscurely crenate. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, ample, erect, single-branched, 35 to 40 cm. long. the rachis thick, subangulose, puberulous. Flowers numerous, sessile ; sepals 6, ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, the exterior ones a little broader, 6 to 8 mm. long, 6 to 9 mm. broad, glabrous, fimbriate-denticulate on the margin, persistent ; corolla sulphur-yellow, caducous; petals 6, ovate to elliptic, concave, obtuse. 26 to 32 mm. long, 14 to 17 mm. broad, entire on the margin; andro- phore yellow, the basal ring rather narrow (5 mm.), the ligule about 20 mm. long and 1.2 mm. broad, the hood ovate, the marginal appendages about 5 mm. long; ovary 4-celled. Pyxis subglobose, chocolate-brown and squamulous without, 12 to 14.5 cm. high, the walls 1.5 to 2 em. thick, woody; basal part cupulate, 6 to 8 cm. high; ealycinal zone continuous or obscurely lobate; interzonal band 4 to 5 cm. high, 11 to 13.5 em. in diameter at the base, narrowing to the apex; operculum wanting; seeds about 6 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. broad. Type in U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 716630, collected on the hills at Que- brada Honda, southern Darién, Panama, in flower and fruit, April 21, 1914, by H. Pittier (no. 6567). EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.—Lecythis tuyrana. Two views of a pyxis. About three- eighths natural size. 3. Lecythis armilensis Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 8. Very large tree, with straight trunk covered with a rimose fibrous bark, and a depressed spreading crown. Leaves, flowers, and seeds unknown. Pyxis large (17 cm. long and 15 cm. in larger diameter), ovoid, urn-shaped, rounded at base; calycinal zone high, distant 11 to 12 cm. from the base, con- tinuous, the individual sepals hardly marked; interzonal band 4 to 7 cm. broad, slightly concave along the calycinal zone, and then straight to the rim of the mouth; operculum small, convex, smooth, 7 to 8 cm. in diameter, 2.5 to 3 cm. thick; pericarp thick, woody, showing within the remnants of the 4 original septa. Type, consisting of old fruits only, in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected on hills between Puerto Obaldia and Armila, San Blas Coast, Panama, Septem- ber 5, 1911, by H. Pittier. The fruits here described are undoubtedly distinct from those supposed to belong to Lecythis ampla, from which they differ by their narrow mouth and the characters of the calycinal band. They resemble somewhat those of L. 10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM densa Miers, a Brazilian species, the area of which is not likely to extend as far as Panama. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 8.—Lecythis armilensis. Two views of a pyxis. About three- eighths natural size. 4, Lecythis ampla Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 204. 1874. PLATE 9. Very tall tree, 30 to 40 meters high, 1 to 1.5 meters in diameter. Trunk straight, 20 to 30 meters long, branching at the top only and forming a broad depressed crown; bark blackish, fibrous, rimose; branchlets virgate, dark purplish and verruculose. Leaves small, membranous, petiolate, reticulate, glabrous and light green, estipulate ; petioles slender, 6 mm. long; leaf blades orbicular, ovate, or ovate- elliptic, often sublobate, rounded or subcuneate at base, usually acuminate, sometimes rounded or obtuse at the tip, 3.5 to 9 em. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. broad; margin finely sinuate-toothed, except at the base and on the acumen; costa prominent and dark-colored beneath, hardly so above; primary veins 12 vr 13, straight, several times anastomosed along the margin, the intermediate spaces beautifully reticulate. Flowers not known, Pyxis large (20 cm. long and 15 cm. in larger diameter on calycinal zone), urn-shaped, rounded and hardly turbinate at the base; calycinal zone prominent, formed by 6 broad subacute protuberances, from 10 to 14 cm. above the petiolar insertion; interzonal band more or less concave around the calycinal and upper bands, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad; operculum convex, obscurely umbonate, 4 em. high, about 10 em. in diameter; pericarp thick, woody, showing within the remnants of a 4-celled division. Seeds not seen. PANAMA: Hills of Sperdi, near Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, leaves and old fruits only, September 3, 1911, Pittier 4343. The above description of the pyxis of this species agrees in a general way with that of Miers’ specimen from Antioquia. In our specimens the seg- ments of the calycinal zone are more prominent and distinctly acute, and the upper part of the interzonal band is decidedly concave on account of the rim of the very broad mouth overflowing a little. The measurements agree only in a general way, but there is also a broad margin between those of the several specimens collected under the tree which was felled to obtain leaf specimens. This Lecythis, which always grows on low hill ridges, is certainly one of the most conspicuous giants of the primeval forests of San Blas. Its crown always towers above the general dome of the forest. In its fall the individual sacri- ficed to obtain specimens opened a wide gap in the surrounding forest, thus giving an opportunity to collect several other interesting species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9.—JLecythis amplau. Two views of a pyxis. About three- eighths natural size. 5. Lecythis costaricensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 99. pl. 6-8. 1908. PLATE 10, A large tree, up to about 40 meters high, the straight trunk 25 meters high, about 1 meter in diameter at the base, the crown depressed and spreading. Leaves submembranous, glabrous, the petioles about 5 mm, long, the blade oblong or Ovate-oblong, subcordate at base, long-acuminate, crenulate-serrate on the margin. Inflorescences terminal; flowers not seen. Pyxis ovoid-globose, 4-celled, brownish and smooth without, 15 to 22 em. high, the walls 2.5 to 3 cm. thick, woody; basal band more or less semiglobose, 8 to 14 em. high; calycinal zone continuous, with 6 distinct protuberances cor- responding to the sepals; interzonal band 6 to 9 cm. high, conical, 16 to 17 em. PITTIER—-LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 1l in diameter at the base, 10 to 11 cm. at the apex; operculum domelike, 2 to 3 em. high; columella thick and 4-winged. Seeds fusiform, sulcate, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1.7 to 2 cm. thick, 6 to 9 in each cell; funicle fleshy, thick, and white. Type from La Sedina, plains of San Carlos, Costa Rica, Since the first and incomplete description of this species in 1908 very little new information has been obtained. It is incorporated above. For more details see the original description. It is interesting to note that the three species found on the Atlantic watershed (I. armilensis, L. ampla, L. costaricensis) all are very large trees with um- braculiform crown and small ovate serrate leaves, while the two found on the Pacific side of the continental divide are of lesser dimensions, have radiating branches beginning low on the trunk, and have leaves relatively larger and always entire. This may indicate that the representatives of both groups have reached the Isthmus by distinct routes and not simultaneously. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10.—Lecythis costaricensis. Two views ofa pyxis. About three eighths natural size. 5. ESCHWEILERA Mart. KEY TO SPECIES Pyxis woody, thick-walled, obconical, with the cavity rim projected outside. Leaves stipulate; petiole and base of costa sparsely hairy__-1. E. reversa. Pyxis coriaceous, thin-walled, more or less rounded or globose-depressed. Seed 1 in each cell of the fruit_-___-_-_-____--------------- 2. E. panamensis. Seeds several in each cell. Floral racemes axillary. Seeds 3 or 4 in each cell__---_- 3. E. garagarae. Floral racemes terminal. Sepals free at base of fruit -- _4. E. calyculata, Sepals concrete with fruit. Fruit rather large; calycinal zone little prominent; seeds 4 em. long, 1 to 3 in each cel]______________-__---------------- 5. E. collinsii. Fruit small, with well-developed calycinal protuberances; seeds small, more than 8 in each cell__-_---_----_----------- 6. E. verruculosa. 1. Eschweilera reversa Pittier, sp. nov. A large tree, nearly 80 cm. in diameter. Trunk straight; bark grayish, almost smooth; crown elongate; new growth slender, with purplish bark sparsely covered with long appressed hairs; buds quite hairy. Leaves rather small, short-petiolate, stipulate, smooth except‘on the petiole and costa, light green above, paler beneath, the young ones deep pink at first on both sides and then only on the lower one; petioles thick, 3 mm. long, sparsely hairy; leaf blades ovate-elliptic, rounded and narrowly emarginate at base, acute at tip, 9 to 13 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. broad; margin entire; venation prominent on both sides, more so beneath, the costa and primaries here pink; costa covered at base with whitish appressed hairs; primary veins 8 or 9, twice anastomosed along the margin; upper face of blade finely reticu- late; stipules geminate, needle-like, hairy, about 4 mm. long. Flowers not seen. Pyxis small (3 to 3.5 em. high, 6 cm. in diameter on calycinal zone), broadly turbinate, thick-walled, the 6 sepals grown into 6 thick prominences ; interzonal band very narrow (not over 0.5 cm. broad) and forming a deep furrow; internal cavity smooth, widening toward the orifice, the margin of this rounded and projected outward; operculum arched or conical, depressed, the stigmatic remnants obscurely visible at the center. Seeds 2. 22088—27——2 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 679550, collected on plains of Sperdi, near Puerto Obaldfa, San Blas Coast, Panama, leaves and old fruit only, September, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4394). In the absence of flowers and seeds, the place of this species remains doubt- ful. The pyxis is quite distinct from any described heretofore. There is a faint indication of a two-celled cavity in several of the specimens at hand, and the lower side of one of the only two opercula found under the tree bears the impression of two large seeds; but, since there were trees of Eschweilera panamensis scattered in the forest all around, the source of that lid is not absolutely certain. 2. Eschweilera panamensis Pittier, sp. nov. A large tree, up to 25 meters high and 40 em. in diameter. Trunk straight, covered with a gray, slightly rimose bark. Crown elongate; branchlets slender. Leaves alternate, petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous, entire; petioles thick, broadly canaliculate, 5 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, rounded and sub- decurrent at base, narrowed at the tip into a short acumen, light green above, paler beneath, 9 to 14 cm. long, 3.5 to 8 em. broad; costa slightly salient above, quite prominent and obscurely 3-sulcate beneath; veins and veinlets obsolete above, beautifully marked beneath, the former 8 to 11, arched and distinctly anastomosed along the slightly revolute margin. Inflorescences racemose, terminal or in the axils of the upper leaves, the axillary racemes short (4.5 cm.) and hardly branched, the terminal ones longer than the leaves (15 cm. or about), with well-developed alternate branchlets (10 cm. long) ; rachis minutely pubescent, with green verruculose bark. Flow- ers numerous, alternate, pedicellate, entirely glabrous, bractless, white ; pedicels 7 to 8 mm. long; calyx lobes 6, rounded-triangular, obtuse, about 1 cm. long and broad; petals 6, uneven, 11 to 15 mm. long, 7 to 11 mm, broad, obovate and broadly rounded at tip, the 3 exterior ones larger, thicker, and conchoid; andro- phore with small ring, nearly 6 mm. in diameter and supporting numerous anthers; connecting blade of the hood 13 mm. long, 9 mm. broad ; hood proper transversely ovate, 10 mm. long and 13 mm. broad, covered with numerous staminodes; filaments not over 0.5 mm. long; anthers ovate, emarginate at both ends, abeut 0.4 mm. long and broad, each cell splitting longitudinally; stami- nodes narrow and acute, 4 to 5 mm. long; ovary almost entirely superior, glabrous, 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell; style none; stigma obscurely divided. Ripe pyxis globose-depressed, about 4 em. long and 5 em. in diameter, 2-celled, slightly attenuate at base, with rather thin walls; calycinal zone bearing the persistent enlarged lobes of the calyx, the interzonal band 1.5 to 2 cm. broad; operculum convex, depressed at the center with the stigma per- sistent, accrescent ; cells 1-seeded, the seeds ovoid-oblong, 2.7 em. long, 1.6 em. in diameter. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 679481, collected on hills back of Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, Panama, flowers and fruits, September 2, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 4338). 3. Eschweilera garagarae Pittier, sp. nov. A small tree, the trunk straight and continuous; branching radiate, the crown pyramidal; bark smooth, grayish; branchlets slender, flexible. Leaves membranaceous, glabrous, lustrous above, paler and opaque beneath, finely reticulate on both faces; petioles 1 cm. long, canaliculate; leaf blades elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 12 to 20 em. long, 3.5 to 7 cm. broad, subcuneate at base, acuminate at tip; venation very prominent beneath; primary veins about -PITTIER—-LECYTHIDACEAE OF CENTRAL AMERICA 13 10, subimpressed above, arcuate and twice anastomosed along the obscurely sinuate margin. Racemes axillary, simple, about 5 cm. long. Rachis verruculose; pedicels about-2 mm, long. Pyxis coriaceous, thin-walled, 2-celled, globose-depressed, subturbinate at base, about 5 cm. long and 5.5 cm. in diameter on the line of dehiscence; calycinal zone very close to the base of the fruit, with the 6 prominences of the sepals little pronounced; interzonal band 16 mm. broad; operculum about 1 em. high, convex, hardly umbonate. Seeds 6, sometimes 7, more or less ovate, eompressed laterally, the two planes meeting toward the center of the fruit, rounded outside, about 3 cm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715891, collected in the foothills of. Garagara Mountain, south Darién, Panama, in fruit, February 6, 1912, by H. Pittier (no. 5616). This species is characterized mainly by its globose-depressed fruits with the calycinal zone placed very low. In the absence of more complete material it is hardly possible to define its nearer affinities, but it certainly differs from all other Panamanian and Central American species. 4, Eschweilera calyculata Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 97. pl. 1, 2. 1908. PLATE 11. Costa Rica: Atlantic plains in the vicinity of Limon. PanaMA: Marraganti, south Darién, in clearings, fruits and leaves only, April 22, 1914, Pittier 6596. FXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.—2Heclueilera calyculata. Leaves and pyxis. Natural size. 5. Eschweilera collinsii Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 97. pl. 3. 1908. Costa Rica: Plains of San Carlos. 6. Eschweilera verruculosa Pittier, sp. nov. PLATE 12. A middle-sized tree with straight trunk, radiate branching, and elongate erown; bark grayish, almost smooth; branchlets obscurely 4-angled, slender and flexible, covered with a brownish, more or less striate and verruculose bark. Leaves rather large, petiolate, coriaceous, reticulate on both sides, entirely glabrous; petioles thick, dark-colored (when dried), canaliculate, 0.8 to 1.8 cm. long; leaf blades elliptic or elliptic-ovate, rounded and subcuneate at base, acuminate at tip, 12 to 30 em. long, 5 to 11 cm. broad; margin entire (with black glandular dots) ; costa and veins prominent on both sides, more so be- neath; primary veins 12 to 15, arcuate, anastomosed along the margin ; stipules absent or early deciduous. Racemes terminal, 2 to 5 em. long, 3 to 8 flowered; rachis simple, stiff, geniculate, verruculose. Flowers alternate, subsessile; receptacle and base of sepals densely covered with brownish verruculose excrescences, the former narrow at base; sepals 6 (imbricate in bud), ovate-obtuse, coriaceous, smooth except at base without, about 1 cm. long and 7 to 9 mm. broad; petals 6, large, pale yellow or yellowish white, obovate or oblong, rounded at tip, 2.4 to 3.2 em. long and about 1.5 cm. broad; androphore large, the blade connecting the narrow fertile ring with the hood about 2 cm. long and 1.7 cm wide, the hood orbicular and about 1.3 cm. in diameter; stamens only on ring; filaments 2 to 2.5 mm. long, broad at base, thinner at middle, claviform and apiculate at the upper part; anthers broadly ovate, 0.6 mm. long, 0.8 mm. broad; stami- nodes lanceolate, acute, broader at the margin of the hood, 5.5 to 6.5 mm. long; ovary superior, 2-celled (?), with many ovules in each cell. Pyxis middle-sized (3.5 to 4.5 em. high, about 5 cm. diameter), globose- depressed, thick-walled, verruculose, the 6 sepals grown into 6 thick protu- 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM berances extending toward the conical base of the fruit; interzonal band about 6 mm. broad; operculum rounded, with a prominent tip, the overgrown stigma, at the center. Seeds numerous, small. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715506, collected in forests around San Felix, eastern Chiriqui, Panama, in fruit, December 24, 1911, by H. Pittier (no. 5290). Flowering material was obtained at the same locality September 8, 1912, Pittier 5738. This is the “ollito” or “olleto” of the natives, so named because the fruit resembles a small earthen cooking pot. It seems to be nearly related to Eschweilera verrucosa, and was so identified, with doubt, by Seemann. The flowers, however, are much larger in our species and the shape of the fruit is quite distinct. Eschweilera verruculosa is one of the most common trees of the lower belt of eastern Chiriquf. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12.—Heschweilera verruculosa. Lenves and pyxis. Natural size. O Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 1 GUSTAVIA SUPERBA (KUNTH) BERG 29088—2 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 2 GUSTAVIA SUPERBA (KUNTH) BERG Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 3 GUSTAVIA NANA PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 4 GUSTAVIA NANA PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 5 COUROUPITA DARIENENSIS PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 6 LECYTHIS MELLIANA PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 7 LECYTHIS TUYRANA PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 8 LECYTHIS ARMILENSIS PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. 26 PLATE 9 LECYTHIS AMPLA MIERS PLATE 10 tr. YSlLLId SISNSADYVLSOOD SIHLAOAT Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 26 PLATE 11 ESCHWEILERA CALYCULATA PITTIER Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, 26 PLATE 12 ESCHWEILERA VERRUCULOSA PITTIER SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 26, PART 2 THE PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA By WILLIAM TRELEASE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1927 II BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PREFACE The second part of volume 26 of the Contributions from the National Herbarium consists of a revision, by Dr. William Trelease, University of Illinois, of the representatives of the Piperaceae or pepper family known to occur in Panama. Dr. Trelease is engaged at present in a monographic study of the American Piperaceae, and has undertaken the revision of all the Panama species in connection with the identification of a large amount of material obtained recently in the region of the Canal Zone. One hundred and thirty-eight species are listed from Panama. They are referred to four genera, one of which is new. The American Piperaceae are a conspicuous feature of the tropical forests, but they are of little economic importance. Piper nigrum, of the Old World tropics, furnishes the black pepper of commerce. FRrepericK V. CovILte, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. TI CONTENTS Page Introduction______________-_--_---_-- eee ee _ 15 Systematic treatment___._.____-_____--_----~----_-~--.--_-------- - 16 Index_______._____________--__- ee ee ee - VII THE PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA By WILLIAM TRELEASE INTRODUCTION No botanist who visits Central America can fail to take an interest in the great number of species of Piper and Peperomia which he finds everywhere in this region. The family is most abundantly developed in the wet forests of the Atlantic watershed, but many species of Piper and some Peperomias are common in the drier forests of the Pacific slope. It is Costa Rica, doubtless, which of Central American countries possesses the richest representation of the Pepper family, chiefly in the wet forests at middle and upper elevations, but in Panama also the family is well represented, as may be seen by the 138 species here listed. There is no doubt that the real number of species existing in Panama is much greater, since no part of Panama except the region of the Canal Zone has been well explored botanically. The species of Pothomorphe are common and widely distributed plants, and this is true also of a few species of Piper and Peperomia. Most of the species of the latter genera, however, seem to be very limited in their distribution, and not until every secluded valley of Panama has been explored will it be possible to make a complete census of the Piperaceae of the country. The species of Piper are mostly low shrubs, and it is easy to collect and preserve specimens of them. Most of the Peperomias are fleshy herbaceous epiphytes. It is difficult tc collect them, and even harder to dry specimens, since there is no other group of Central American plants which dry so slowly in the press. For this reason the species of Peperoméa are neglected by most collectors and inadequately represented in herbaria. This paper is based largely upon the collections existing in the U. S. National Herbarium. These consist chiefly of material col- lected by Mr. H. Pittier and Dr. William R. Maxon in 1911 and 1912, in the course of the Smithsonian Biological Survey of the Canal Zone; by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip in 1918 and 1922; by Dr. Maxon in 1923; by Dr. C. V. Piper in 1923; and by the present writer in 1923-24. 15 16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM The collections of 1911-12 were identified by Casimir de Candolle, who based numerous new species upon them. The recent collections, as well as the earlier ones, were submitted to Doctor Trelease, who has kindly prepared the report here presented, which lists all the Piperaceae now known from Panama.—Paut C. STanp.ey. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT KEY TO GENERA Stigmas 2 to 5 (mostly 3 or 4). Spikes axillary. Spikes several on a common peduncle. Plants suffruticose. 1. POTHOMORPHE. Spikes solitary in the leaf axil. Plants suffruticose_.2. SARCORHACHIS. Spikes opposite the leaves, solitary. Plants woody__-_----------- 3. PIPER. Stigma 1, often penicillate. Plants herbaceous___-____-_____ 4. PEPEROMIA. 1, POTHOMORPHE Miquel Leave distinctly peltate__.___-.______-_-_-_-------_--__-_-__---- 1. P. peltata. Leaves cordate, not peltate________------------------------- 2. P. umbellata. 1. Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miquel, Comm. Phyt. 37. 1840. Piper peliatum (“ pelatum’’) L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. Peperomia peltata Dietr. Syn. Pl. 1: 142. 1831. Lepianthes peltatum Raf. Syly. Tellur. 85. 1838. Heckeria peltata Kunth, Linnaea 18: 565. 1889. TYPE LocaLity: “ America calidiore.” Rance: Cuba, through the West Indies (the prototype figured by Plumier) and northern South America to Mexico on the mainland. CuHIRIQU{: Cerro de la Plata, San Felix, Pittier 5160. CanaL ZoNE: With- out locality, Eppelshemmer. Balboa, Killip 3064; Standley 25602. Fort Lorenzo, Piper 5929. Fort Sherman, Standley 30969. Frijoles, Standley 27619. Frijoles to Monte Lirio, Killip 12117. Gamboa, Standley 28525. Gamboa to Cruces, Pittier 3782. Gattn, Standley 27257. Juan Mina, Piper 5689. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25797. Monte Lirio, Mazon 6858. Summit, Stevens 314, 815. Rio Sirri, Pittier 4016. Panama: Rio Tapia, Standley 28062. Rio Tecu- men, Standley 26735. DariEN: Boca de Cupe, Williams 697, 2. Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miquel, Comm. Phyt. 36. 1840. Piper umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. Peperomia umbellata Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 124. 1822, Lepianthes uwmbellatum Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 85. 1838. Heckeria umbellata Kunth, Linnaea 18: 569. 1839. TYPE LOCALITY: Santo Domingo, Hispaniola. RANGE: Through the West Indies; on the continent reaching Brazil and Peru to the south and Mexico to the north, in a number of often segregated forms, also (? naturalized) in tropical Asia and Africa. CuHIRIQUI: El Boquete, Pittier 3133. 2. SARCORHACHIS Trel., gen. nov. Trailing or climbing, rather succulent, glabrous shrubs. Leaves alternate. Spikes solitary in the axils. Flowers spicate, perfect, naked, sessile, sub- tended by minute concave bracts. Stamens usually 4, distinct, essentially , TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 17 hypogynous, short, with rounded anthers, Pistil 1, 1-celled, with a single erect ovule; stigmas mostly 4, sessile. Fruit a small 1-seeded drupe, partly immersed in and coalescent with the somewhat fleshy rachis at maturity. Type species, 8. incurva Trel. (Piper incurvum Sieber). 1. Sarcorhachis naranjoana (C. DC.) Trel. Piper naranjoanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 368. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Naranjo, Costa Rica. Rance: Costa Rica and Panama. DaRitn: Sambi River, Pittier 5562. 3. PIPER L. KEY TO SPECIES 1, Leaves palmately nerved_____--_--__-__---__----~-_-_-----___--_--____- 2. Leaves pinnately nerved_____________________ 4, 2. Inner nerves confluent below____.________-__-__-_.____- 3. P. pinoganense. Nerves separate to the base___________________ 3. 83. Petiole short, wingless; leaves green__._______________ 1. P. smilacifolium. Petiole elongate, winged ; leaves brown when dry_______ 2. P. san-joseanum. 4. Midrib subequally branched throughout________________________________ 5. Midrib without strong ascending branches upwards____-__---__-_----___- 238. 5. Leaf base appreciably acute_____._________________________-_-____-_-___- 6. Leaf base appreciably obtuse, at least on one side_________--_--__-______ 16. 6. Leaves glabrous above____________-_ 7% Leaves pubescent above, large-_________________________ 24. P. gatunense. 7. Leaves glabrous beneath____________________________________-_--_------ 8. Nerves (at least) pubescent beneath ____________________________-__--_ 14. 8. Leaves about half as broad as long_____________-____--------_--_------- 9. Leaves more elongate_________________________________ ee 10. 9. Leaves 10 to 14 by 20 to 30 em__-_--_-------_----------~_ 22. P. calocoma. Leaves scarcely half as large..__._____----_.--____------ 14. P. darienense. 10. Leaf base nearly equilateral____.__._.._____---------------------------- 11. Leaves distinctly oblique____-_____-______-----___-_--- 18. P. falcifolium. 11. Spikes scarcely 2 cm. long__--_.----_-----_-_----- 35. P. amphoricarpum. Spikes more elongate__.....-._..-_-_____-_-_-_-_------_-------------- 12. 12. Leaves drying green_____-_-__________________-_-__------------------ 138. Leaves pale or bronzed beneath pap nanaS BLP EE. So5- a8 17. P. cordulatum. 13. Berries depressed-globose_______-__--_---.----------- 16. P. acutissimum. Berries ellipsoid-mucronate_________-__---_--_-_------ 13, P. laxispicum. 14. Spikes scarcely 3 cm. long; leaves large_____--______ 27. P. latibracteum. Spikes more elongate__________________________________-------------- 15. 15. Leaves searcely 4 by 14 em_____---_----______________- 15. P. trichopus. Leaves much larger____--_-----__----------------_--- 23. P. polyneurum. 16. Leaves glabrous above__.-------------------------------------------- 17. Leaves somewhat villous on both faces_____-_--_______--_ 24. P. gatunense. 17. Leaves large, granular or pitted_________________________-_____---___- 18. Leaves scarcely 6 by 15 em_________--_--__-------------+- eee ee 20. 18. Leaves firm and rugose_______________________-____- 27. P. latibracteum. Leaves thin and not rugose__________---_-___-_------------------------ 19. 19. Leaves coarsely glandular-granular___________________ 23. P. polyneurum. Leaves finely glandular; pubescence white____________-_ 25. P. ladrillense. 20. Leaf base nearly equilateral__________-__-------_-------_------------- 12. Leaves distinctly oblique or shorter on one side_____--_--_----------_-- 21. 22089—27——2 18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 21. Leaves about half as broad as long__________________________-_____ 22. Leaves more elongate______________________________ 19. P. laevibracteum. 22. Leaves acuminate, 6 by 15 cm____________-_______ 20. P. subnudispicum. Leaves rather blunt and smaller________-___________ 21. P. tuberculatum. 23. Leaf base appreciably acute__________________-- 24. Leaf base appreciably obtuse, at least on one side______________________ 47. 24. Mature leaves glabrous above between the nerves___.__________________ 25. Leaves scabrous or pubescent on both sides__-__.______________________ 76. 25. Leaves quite glabrous beneath_________________ wane teen ee 26. Nerves, at least, puberulent or pubescent beneath______________________ 41. 26. Leaves about half as broad as long______________-___-_________________ 27. Leaves more elongate________--__--____--__-_______-____e 31, 27. Spikes scarcely 1 em. long____________--_-_----- eee 28. Spikes more elongate_____.__-.--______--_-___-______ ee 29. 28. Petiole winged; flowers perfect__..-__-_--__---__--_______ 34. P. wagneri. Petiole wingless; dioecious___._.-_________ 34a. P. wagneri minutispicum. 29. Leaves drying green, 5 by 11 em_______________ 36. P. tenuimucronatum. Leaves drying papery, rather large.___.____________________-____ 30. 30. Stigmas sessile; berry subglobose___________________ 44, P. callibracteum. Stigmas borne on a short style_-.__-_--______________ 47. P. papyraceum. 31. Spikes 2 em. long; leaves dark-granular___________ 33. P. magnantherum. Spikes more elongate_____.-_-______-_-______-_____ 32. 82. Petiole glabrous____-___-_--__---___-_--____--_______-___ 33. Petiole sparsely hirtellous or villous____.________ 40. P. hirtellipetiolum. 33. Leaves scarcely 5 by 14 em.___---------_--_________--_ 34. Leaves appreciably larger__-_________-________________ 39. 34. Some petioles winged or some leaves subcordate______ 10. P. chiriquinum. Petiole not winged above the base_______________________-__________ 35. 35. Leaves green________-_- 36. Leaves drying yellow beneath________________ ene 38. 36. Leaves 3 or 5-nerved near the base________________---- 37. Leaves not triple-nerved_.----__..--.__---------___---_______________ 12. 37. Midrib without ascending branches upward______— 38. P. san-lorenzanum. Midrib with a few such branches__________---_-_-- 39. P. subtrinerve. 38. Leaves lance-oblong; plant glabrous__.___--__________ 63. P. infraluteum. 39. Petiole 5 mm. long; spikes filiform _ ___._______________ 51. P. sambuanum. Petiole 20 mm. long; spikes stouter___._._...--_-- 45. P. nitidifolium. 40. Nerves glabrescent beneath_____________-_-_- 37. P. tecumense. Nerves persistently puberulent or pubescent beneath__________________ 41. 41, Leaves about half as broad as long___-________________ 48. P. amphioxys. Leaves more elongate_______________--_--__--_-_-_- eee 42. 42. Twigs glabrous, pale-granular______-____________-_______-_-__ 43. Twigs at least locally or transiently pubescent___________-_____-_________ 45. 43. Leaves granular-punctulate beneath __-___________________.__.____ 44, Leaves not dark-punctulate; petiole short__________________ 52. P. storkii. 44. Petiole scarcely 10 mm. long____________________ 50. P. subnudibracteum. Petiole 15 to 30 mm. long______-___________-_ 45. P. nitidifolium. 45. Leaves glossy, equilateral at base_._..____-_____________ 41. P. tapianum. Leaves dull, oblique__....--____________-__-__ ee 46. 46. Leaves lanceolate__________________--____--____- 61. P. killipi. Leaves lance-elliptic________-__--_-_-_-----_-- 55. P. lucigaudens. Leaves lance-oblong_____.__-__-__-_--_»-- 5 eee eee 42. P. turbense. 47. Mature leaves glabrous above between the nerves______________________ 48. Leaves rough or pubescent on both sides______________-_________ ee 76. TRELEASE—-PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 19 48. Leaves glabrous beneath____ - oeece tel 49. Nerves, at least, puberulent or pubescent beneath teen 61. 49. Leaves about half as broad as long__----------_---------__---__-_____ 50. Leaves more elongate____._.______________ wee 57- 50. Leaves peltate____- 4--------------- +--+ +--+ - -------- 51. Leaves not peltate ~--- Pa 52. 51. Leaves oblong-ovate __ _ ___89. P. veraguense. Leaves broadly ovate____________--____----_-_----._---_- 90. P. maxonii. 52, Spikes scarcely 1 cm. long___-_--___--------__------------__-------__- 28. Spikes more elongate_____-_-_-----_---------------+------------------ 53. 53. Twigs glabrous___--__-_-----_------_------------- +--+ 54. Twigs tomentulose___________ - 4. P. pervenosum. 54. Twigs pale-granular_______________-______--____-_-____--------___--__ 55. Twigs scarcely pale-granular__________________________-______-__--__-e 56. 55. Leaf base suboblique____ _ ---43. P. davidianum. Leaf base subequilateral______________--___-_-____-- 10. P. chiriquinum. 56. Leaves about 6 by 12 em______----___--__---_---_--- 12. P. crassispicatum. Leaves distinctly larger__________________________ 11. P. pseudo-variabile. 57. Plants creeping or climbing___- .--84. P. reptabundum. Plants not creeping___________ wenn enn ee +----58., 58. Twigs somewhat dark-granular_________________________ }---------- 59. Twigs green-granular______ ~------ +e 43. P. davidianum. Twigs scarcely granular_____- fee een ne nn eee nn 60. 59. Petioles not winged__--__________--____--___________ 51. P. sambuanum. Lower petioles winged__ 9. P. dunlapi. 60. Leaves scarcely 12 cm. long___ _-- 60. P. septuplinervium. Leaves much larger________-_-----_-_-_--_--___- 11. P. pseudo-variabile. 61. Older leaves rather deeply cordate or auricled, or peltate__.__.____._____ 62. Leaves at most cordulate or shallowly subcordate______________________ 67. 62. Leaf base equilateral; petiole not winged___________ 7. P. paulownifolium. Leaf base inequilateral_ - -- ee ee ea 63. 63. Petiole fleshy-warty_______ ___92, P. imperiale. Petiole not warty -- ween eee eee eee ee 64. 64. Leaves subacute_______________________-_____-___ ee __-65, Leaves long-acuminate_____.-_-____________-____ ep 66. 65. Leaves neither rugose nor peltate__ "91. P. auritum. Leaves rugose and peltate________.._ - __.88. P. hayesii. 66. Leaves auricled on one side__----______--_-___-_______ 67. P. sperdinum. Leaves inequilaterally subcordate _.-71. P. peracuminatum. 67. Petiole glabrous_____..-__-------_------__------__~-_- }--------------- 68. Petiole subpuberulent_____---_____________________-____ 58. P. colonense. Petiole more or less hairy__________________-______ 69. 68. Leaves acute on one side at base________________ 50. P. subnudibracteum. Leaves rounded at base_ -a------- = 37. P. tecumense. 69. Twigs sparsely subvelvety ; leaves oblanceolate_______ 69. P. subdilatatum. Twigs transiently appressed-hairy___._..________________- 68. P. diazanum. Twigs crisp-tomentulose_____________-_____--_----_-__-- 54. P. williamsii. Twigs crisp-hairy or hirsute______._____________________ 70. Twigs villous.__----..---------__--------------------- 29. P. culebranum. 70. Twigs glabrescent, green_______-__---______-_______----____-_____-__e 71. Pubescence persistent___________-_---------------------+-- p---------- 73. 71. Lower petioles winged_____-_-__--_--__-_---__---__--_ 8. P. palmasanum. Petioles not winged_____________________________-_ eee 72, 20 72. Leaves 8 em. wide, not caudate___._________-_--_--- 46. P. erectamentum. Leaves 7 cm. wide, caudate____._---_-__--___--_----- 49. P. subcaudatum. Leaves 5 to 6 cm. wide_______________-___--------------- 42, P. turbense. Leaves 4 ecm. wide________-_____--- eee 82. P, taboganum. 73. Leaves cordulate, rather glossy__..----.------------------------------ 74. Leaves not cordulate, firm, dull__--.__.___---------------------------- 75. 74, Leaves glabrescent between the nerves______--_-----_- 28. P. gonocarpum. Leaves loosely hairy beneath; spikes very short____-- 30. P. pubistipulum. 75. Leaves smooth___-------_--------------------------+- 59. P. panamense. Leaves lepidote-roughened ; nerves impressed__--._--_--_--_- 61. P. killipi. 76. Leaves about half as broad as long___-_______-__--_----------------- TT. Leaves more elongate________________________-__-__-- e+e -- 87. 77. Leaves glandular-granular above.___________-_-_- 71. P. peracuminatum. Leaves scabrous above___________________--_--- eee eee +--+ 78. Leaves scarcely scabrous_________________-_-_-------.----------------- 83 78. Twigs crisp-pubescent____.________________-_-_- eee 79. Twigs scabrid-hispid or hirsute__.___._._____-___--_-_-----_------------- 80. Twigs villous__-----.________--________-_______--_-- 76. P. villiramulum. 79. Leaves scarcely 6 by 12 em____________-----___ 66. P. pseudo-cativalense. Leaves becoming 8 by 16 em____.---------__---------- 73. P. barbinerve. 80. Pubescence short-scabrid_______________--__-_------__---------------- 81. Pubescence more upcurved and hirsute___----------------------------- 82. 81. Leaves scarcely 6 by 12 em____---------------- 66. P. pseudo-cativalense. Leaves becoming 9 by 15 em_--------------------- 64. P. trachydermum. 82. Leaves pale-granular beneath______-_---.---------~- 74. P. non-retrorsum. Leaves not markedly pale-granular beneath_____-~-~- 72. P. sancti-felicis. 83. Plants climbing; leaves very lepidote__.______--__-_-- 83. P. vitabundum. Plants not climbing_.___-__---_------------------+----------+---------- 84. 84. Leaves 10 by 20 em_____________---_-_---~- +--+ +--+ + -- ----- 85. Leaves distinctly smaller _________-___---__~--~--- e+ --------- 86. 85. Leaves not cordulate__________--___--------------------- 26. P. stevensi. Leaves unequally cordulate___.._..._.------------- 71. P. peracuminatum. 86. Pubescence velvety-tomentulose_.______--_-~-- ~---------- 6. P. bigelovii. Pubescence soft, crisp-appressed__._____.__-__--------- 70. P. obaldianum. Pubescence sparsely villous____._._____----------------- 65. P. cativalense. 87. Leaves scabrous above____-_-- a aa---- e+ +--+ ------ 88, Leaves scarcely scabrous______---------------------------------~----- 96. 88. Spikes hooked_____----_.------------- ~o-------------- 77. P. elongatum., Spikes nearly or quite straight ae eee +++ 89. 89. Twigs densely red-velvety___-__-----.-------------- 86. P. pervelutinum. Twigs crisp-pubescent or appressed-pubescent_—._--.------------------- 91. Twigs hispid-hirsute___.__________-_---_-__----------------- 61. P. killipi. Twigs tomentose or scabrous-hispid___--__--____------------------------ 90. Twigs villous____.__-__.-_____---------------------------------------- 94, 90. Leaves oblong, 4 by 16 cm______-___________---_- 79. P. changuinolanum. Leaves obliquely elliptic-ovate, 8 by 18 em_-------_-- 75. P. scabrilimbum. 91. Twigs densely canescent upwards__------------------------- 85. P. breve. Pubescence more sparse.._____-.----------------------------+--------- 92. 92. Leaves rough, oblong__________----_------------------------ 85. P. breve, Leaves smoother______________--------------------------------------- 93. 93. Leaves broadly lance-elliptic____.-_----_------------ 78. P, chagresianum. Leaves broadly oblanceolate___-__------------------ 69. P. subdilatatum. 94. Leaves subequilateral, elliptic-oblong__._..--..------------------------ 95. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves obliquely ovate-e!liptic___.___._.------------- 76. P. villiramulum. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 21 95. Leaves scarcely 4 by 12 em___________ ek 56. P. viridicaule. Leaves twice as long, granular____________________- 57. P. persubulatum. 96. Leaves scarcely 2 by 10 em____________--___________.. 81. P. linearifolium. Leaves distinctly larger__..._....___________-_--__-_--_-- ee 97. 97. Twigs glabrous, granular_ _--- pee tt ph a epee ee 52. P. storkii. Twigs appressed-hispid; plants climbing__.__________-- 83. P. vitabundum. Twigs sparingly crisp-pubescent or appressed-pubescent or hirsute_______ 98. Twigs almost canescent above____________--________------__ 85. P. breve. Twigs villous_____._______________ eee 100. 98. Leaves scarcely 5 by 15 cm., the base obtuse___________-_--_______-_--- 99. Leaves 8 by 20 cm., the base subacute_____-~_-____ 53. P. pallidibracteum. 99, Leaves lanceolate___________________-__ 80. P. fatoanum. Leaves oblanceolate__________-____-_-____--__--_-____ 69. P. subdilatatum. 100. Spikes short______________________________--_-- 101. Spikes slender and elongate____________-__________ 87. P. pilosiusculum. 101. Leaves granular beneath________________________-- 32. P. garagaranum. Leaves not granular____--____--_--__----__ 31. P. pseudo-garagaranum. 1. Piper smilacifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 56, 1815. TYPE LOCALITY: Caripe, Venezuela. Rance: Venezuela to Panama and Guatemala. CanaL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31267. Cafio Quebrado, Pit- tier 6986. Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Standley 26008. Fort Sherman, Standley 30959; Stevens 1066. France Field to Catival, Standley 30338. Gamboa to Cruces, Pittier 3778. Gattn, Standley 27201. Gatuncillo, Piper 5603, 5620. Gorgona to Gattn, Pittier 2279. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25728. Mamei Hill, Pittier 3811. Matachin, Kuntze 1918. Obispo, Standley 31726. Rio Agua Salud, Frijoles, Piper 5859, 5860. Rio Pedro Miguel, East Paraiso, Standley 29969. CoL6n: Chagres Mouth, Stevens 278. Fat6, Pittier 3842. Rio Fat6, Pittier 3872, 3882. Panama: Rio Tecumen, Standley 29363. Rio Tapia, Mazon & Harvey 6650, 6708; Standley 26160, 28085, 28241. Juan Diaz, Standley 30548. Darizn: Sambti River, Pittier 5570. Bocas pet Toro: Lower Changuinola River, Stork 50. 2. Piper san-joseanum C, DC. Linnaea 37: 351. 1872. Piper marginatum Auct. as to Panama. TYPE LOCALITY: Mount Aguacate, Costa Rica. Rance: Costa Rica and Panama.—One of the continental equivalents of P. marginatum of the Antilles, which is quite lacking from the Caribbees. PROVINCE (7): Santa Rita Trail, Cowell 122. Veracuas: Isla de Uva, Pittier 5112. Cannan Zone: Agua Clara, Stevens 546. Ancén Hill, Killip 3041, 12087 ; Standley 26326. Balboa, Standley 25600. Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Pittier 8737; Standley 25964. Culebra, Pittier 2146; Stevens 927. MDarién Station, Standley 31557. Fort Clayton to Corozal, Standley 29214. Fort Randolph, Standley 28655. Las Cruces Trail, Standley 29214. Fort Sherman, Stand- ley 30942; Stevens 267. Frijoles, Standley 27627. Frijoles to Monte Lirio, Killip 12116. Gamboa, Standley 28334, 28536. Gattn, Standley 27247, 27288. Corozal, Stevens 63, 118. Monkey Hill above Colén, Lehmann ‘68. Juan Mina, Piper 5696, 5698. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25751. Summit, Standley 26938. New Limon, Stevens 1015. CoL6n: Fat6 to Playa de Damas, Pittier 3934. Rio Chagres, Piper 5898, 5917, 5962. Santa Isabel, Pittier 4176. Panama: Bella Vista, Killip 12012; Standley 25332. Chepo, Pittier 4708. Corozal Road, Standley 26834. ‘Camino de la Granja, Bro. Heriberto 166. Juan Diaz, Standley 30521. Las Sabanas to Matias Hernfndez, Standley 31835. Punta Paitilla, Standley 26274. Rio Tapia, Standicy 28207. 22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Rio Tecumen, Standley 26599, 29482. Taboga Island, Killip 3165, 3195; Pittier $553: Standley 27044, 27057, 27847. Daritn: Garachiné, Pittier 5512. 2a. Piper san-joseanum aristolochiaefolium Trel., var. nov. A form with more narrowly ovate, dull dark green, bullate leaves 8 to 8.5 by 15 em., deeply cordate, with parallel margins to the sinus. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,217,625, collected on hills north of Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 27524). 8. Piper pinoganense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes green, much fluted, minutely and very transiently puberulent; leaves elliptic, caudate, rounded at base but sulcately narrowed to the petiole, moderate (4.5-5.5X9-12 cm.), 5-nerved, the nerves salient on both sides, glabrous, very thick and firm, drying green; petiole very short (scarcely 5 mm.), puberulent, winged and deeply channeled; spikes op- posite the young leaves, filiform, 4 cm. long, loosely flowered; peduncle scarcely 1 em. long, slender; bracts minute, concave; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 38, minute. Type in the Delessert Herbarium, Geneva (duplicate in the U. S. National Herbarium), collected at Pinogana, southern Darién, Panama, by H. Pittier (no, 6556). Rance: Southeastern Panama. 4, Piper pervenosum ©. DC, (Candollea 1: 268, name only. 1923) Schroeder, Candollea 3: 137. 1926. A shrub; flowering internodes moderately slender but short, gray-tomentulose ; leaves broadly ovate, subacute, equally rounded or slightly cordulate at base, rather large (8X14-11X18 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the main nerves’ 3 or 4X2 but with intermediates and spaced shorter veins nearly to the end, glabrous, gray-green, paler beneath; petiole very short (5 mm.), tomentulose-puberulent, winged to the end; spikes terminal or oppo- site the leaves, small (4X25 mm.); peduncle short (scarcely 10 mm.), gray- tomentulose; bracts lunulate; flowers sessile, perfect; ovary round, with a very short style. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, Province of Col6n (Pittier 4302, the type). RanGE: Northeastern Panama. 5. Piper oblitum Trel., sp. nov. A small scandent (7?) shrub; flowering internodes slender and short, from slightly velvety quickly glabrescent; leaves broadly ovate, very bluntly acumi- nate, subequally rounded at base, moderately large (6-8X 10-13 cm.), sub- multiple-nerved from the lower fourth, the nerves 4X2, the lower congested, the nerves above sparsely hairy, rusty-tomentulose beneath; petiole rather short (13+2 or 3 mm.) fleecy, winged at base; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (3X30—40 mm.) ; peduncle short (5-7 mm.), sparingly hairy; bracts lunulately subpeltate, velvety ; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in “Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no. 803). Rance: Northeastern (?) Panama. 17wo forms of expression used in this paper in the description of leaves perhaps require explanation. The phrase “main nerves 3 or 4X2” indicates that there are 3 or 4 chief lateral nerves on each side of the costa. The phrase “ petiole rather short (13+2 mm.)” indicates that in a leaf with unequal base the blade extends on one side 2 mm. below the apex of the petiole. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 23 6. Piper bigelovii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, nodose, rusty-tomentulose or velvety throughout; flowering inter- nodes rather slender and short; leaves elliptic to ovate, subacuminate, rounded or cordulate at base with one side commonly shorter, moderately large (5-7X12-13 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2; petiole rather short (10-10+4 mm.), winged at base; spikes oppo- site the leaves, moderately elongate (360-65 mm.); peduncle short (5-10 mm.); bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; berries minute, obpyramidal, 3-sided; stigmas 3, minute, linear, sessile. Type in the Torrey Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, collected on the “Isthmus of Panama” by J. N. Bigelow. RANGE: Panama. 7. Piper paulownifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis. Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 173. 1898. Piper casimirianum Auct. as to Panama. TYPE LOCALITY: La Palma, Costa Rica. Rance: Costa Rica and Panama. Currigui: Hato de Jobo, San Felix, Pittier 5427. Cerro de la Plata, San Felix, Pittier 5158. CanaL Zone: Barro Colorado Island, Mazon, Harvey & Valentine 6809; Standley 31282, 31893; Stevens 645. Cafio Quebrado, Pittier 6666. Frijoles, Standley 27612. Gattin, Standley 27226. Gorgona to Gattn, Pittier 2261. Mamei Hill, Pittier 3812. CoL6n: Fat6, Pittier 3844, 3862. DarI£N: Boca de Pauarand6, SambG River, Pittier 5687. 8. Piper palmasanum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 3. 1920. TYPE LocaLiry: Cuesta de las Palmas, Cerro de la Horqueta, Chiriquf (Pittier 3225, the type). Raney: Southwestern Panama. 9. Piper dunlapi Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous, nodose; flowering internodes rather slender and short, granular, dark in drying; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, more or less sharply acuminate, rather unequally acute to equilaterally rounded at base, moderately small (5-5.5X13 cm.), submultiple-nerved, the midrib on each side with about 5 branches from below the middle or upper third, the lowermost basal, some- what glandular-granular; petiole short (10-15 mm.), winged at base only or on the larger leaves throughout; spikes opposite the leaves, rather small (3X23 mm.) before flowering, mucronate; peduncle slender and short (searcely 10 mm.) ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, brown-umbonate, with broad yellow cilio- late margin; flowers sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 1,205,151, collected in Changuinola Valley, Bocas del Toro, Panama, by V. C. Dunlap (no. 231). RANGE: Northwestern Panama. 10. Piper chiriquinum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 2. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: El Boquete, Chiriqui (Pittier 2930, the type). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 11. Piper pseudo-variabile Trel., sp. nov. Piper grandifolium Auct. as. to Panama. Piper variabile Auct. as to Panama. A shrub, glabrous; flowering internodes rather long and slender; leaves elliptic to broadly ovate, acuminate, equilaterally rounded or the larger sub- truncate at base, large (7-8 X17-13X20 cm.), pinnately to submultiple-nerved from below the upper fourth, the nerves 5 to 7X2 with the lower congested toward the base; petiole relatively short (10-15 mm.), winged toward the base; 24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM spikes opposite the leaves, rather slender and long (350-90 mm.) ; peduncle rather slender and short (18 mm.); bracts inconspicuous, concave; flowers sessile, perfect; berries minute, obpyramidal, 3-sided, glabrous; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678920, collected on Loma de la Gloria, near Fat6, Province of Colén, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3845). RANGE: Panama. CuHrriqgui: San Felix, Pittier 5189, 5262. Cocité: Ola, Pittier 5075. Cana ZONE: Ancén Hill, Standley 25179; Williams 19. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31308. Fort Sherman, Standley 31022. Panama: Juan Diaz, Stand- ley 30610. lla. Piper pseudo-variabile pachypus Trel., var. nov. Nodose ; leaves broadly elliptic, 10.520 em.; spikes 100 mm. long; peduncle stout. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,167,279, collected between Fri- joles and Monte Lirio, Canal Zone, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 12145). RANGE: Central Panama. 11b. Piper pseudo-variabile collium Trel., var, nov. Leaves becoming elongate, 7 to 8 by 20 to 25 cm.; passing into the type. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,478, collected along the Rio Tapia, Province of Panama, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 26130). RANGE: Central Panama, CANAL ZonE: Cafio Quebrado, Pittier 6662. Frijoles, Standley 27555. Gattn, Standley 27191. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25700, 25738, 29518, 29658. Obispo, Standley 31702. Rio Paraiso, Standley 29892. Panama: Juan Dfaz, Standley 30577. 12. Piper crassispicatum Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 152. 18380. Artanthe crassispicata Miquel, Syst. Piper. 521. 1844. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Panama.” RaNnGE: Panama. 13. Piper laxispicum Trel., sp. nov. A small glabrous soft-wooded shrub scarcely 50 cm. tall; stems slender, green; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, subacuminate, equilaterally acute at base, moderately small (4-5X12-16 em.), pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves about 8X2 with some shorter intermediates, drying green and papery; petiole rather short (10 mm.), not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, in fruit rather thick and short (7X50 mm.) ; peduncle slender, scarcely 10 mm. long; bracts concave; flowers sessile, perfect; berries not crowded, ellipsoid, mucro- nate, drying angular; stigmas 3, from the mucro. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,963, collected on Barro Colo- rado Island, Gatin Lake, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 31375). RANGE: East-central Panama. 13a. Piper laxispicum latifolium (C. DC.) Trel. Piper acuminatissimum latifolium C. DC. in herb. Leaves broader (6-8 15-17 cm.) and more heavily nerved. Type in U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 679401, collected at Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, Province of Colén, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 4288). Range: Northeastern Panama. 14, Piper darienense C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16': 374. 1869. Piper lanceolatum Auct. as to Panama. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Veraguas” (Seemann). RANGE: South-central Panama. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 25 14a. Piper darienense tricuspe (Miquel) Trel. Artanthe tricuspis Miquel; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 200. pl. 42. 1856. Piper tricuspe C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 263. 1869. Piper lanceolatum tricuspe C. DC. Candollea 1: 255. 1923. Name only, in index. TYPE LOCALITY: “Panama” (Seemann), RANGE: Panama to Ecuador. 15. Piper trichopus Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes slender, rather short (2-3 cm.), sparsely pubescent; leaves lanceolate, almost equally acute at both ends or one side subobtuse at base, moderately small (3-3.5X 12-13 cm.), pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the looping nerves about 8X2, appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath and somewhat granular; petiole rather short (5-10 mm.), very slender, not winged, pubescent; spikes opposite the leaves (2X50 mm.) ; peduncle ex- tremely slender, 10 to 15 mm. long, short-hairy; bracts inconspicuous, concave, ciliate; flowers perfect, sessile; stigmas 3, minute, sessile; berries subcubical, glabrous. Type in the Herbarium of Columbia University, New York Botanical Garden, collected in “ Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no, 797). RANGE: Central (?) Panama. 16. Piper acutissimum Trel., sp. nov. Piper lucaeanum Auct. as to Panama. A shrub, glabrous, nodose; flowering internodes short (2 cm.) and slender ; leaves narrowly lanceolate or lance-oblong, acute at both ends or subacuminate, rather small (2.5-3 X 10-14 em.), pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the larger nerves about 6X2, but with ascending nervules upward; petiole rather short (10 mm.), not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, rather small (3X50 mm.), submucronate; peduncle slender and short (scarcely 10 mm.) ; bracts concavely truncate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; berries depressed-globose, more or less angular from pressure, velvety; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 38081, collected at Chagres, Province of Colén, Panama, by A. Fendler (no. 266). RANGE: Eastern central Panama. CanaL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Stevens 7. Frijoles, Standley 27504, 27599. 17. Piper cordulatum C. DC. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 4: 217. 1866. Type LOCALITY: Chagres, Province of Colén (Fendler 267, the type). Rance: Eastern central Panama. CanaL Zone: Agua Clara, Stevens 580. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31355. Frijoles, Standley 27450, 27578. Gattn, Hayes “739?”. Gorgona to Gattn, Pittier 2267. Las Cruces, Pittier 26241. Rio Paraiso, Standley 29905. 17a. Piper cordulatum granulatum Trel., var. nov. Differs from the type in its very acute-based, granular-roughened leaves. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,882, collected near Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 27587). RANGE: East-central Panama. 18. Piper falcifolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper geniculatum Auct. as to Panama. A shrub, glabrous, nodose; flowering internodes slender and short (2-3 cm.), becoming coarsely warty; leaves falcately lanceolate, acuminate, unequally acute at base with one side appreciably longer and decurrent, moderately small (3-3.5% 11-14 cm.), pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves about 10X2 with 22089—27——3 26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM short intermediates; petiole rather long (10+5 or even 25 mm.), winged throughout; spikes moderate (360 mm.) ; peduncle filiform, rather short (10 mm.) ; bracts truncately sublunate, rusty-ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715322, collected at San Felix, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5137). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 19. Piper laevibracteum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous, nodose; flowering internodes slender and moderately short (2.54 em.), at length warty; leaves lance- or elliptic-oblong, subacuminate, very unequal at base with the longer side acute except on the largest, moderately large (4.5-7 X 15-22 cm.), pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves about 12X2; petiole short (5+10 mm.), winged throughout; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (2X60 mm.) ; peduncle slender and short (10 mm.) ; bracts truncate- lunulate, microscopically ciliolate; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 2 to 4, sessile, Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 715545, collected on Cerro Vaca, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5324). RaNGeE: Southwestern Panama. CuHIRIQui: San Felix, Pittier 5131. El Boquete, Mazon 5381. El Boquete to caldera, Pittier 3327. 20. Piper subnudispicum Trel., sp. nov. An essentially glabrous shrub, resembling the preceding; leaves elliptic- oblong, acuminate, unequally obtuse at base, rather large (6-7X16 cm.), drying membranaceous; spikes filiform, 2X80 mm.; peduncle short (5 mm.) ; bracts very inconspicuous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 679342, collected on Loma de la Gloria, Fat6, Province of Colén, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 4241). RanGE: East-central Panama. CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Maxon, Harvey & Valentine 6813. Fort Sherman, Standley 31115. Frijoles, Killip 3420; Standley 27519. 21. Piper tuberculatum Jacq. Coll. Bot. 5: 7. 1786. Type LocALity: “Tropical America” (Venezuela?). Rance: Northern South America to Central America. SanaL ZONE: Balboa, Standley 25409, 32117. Empire, Stevens 1148. PANAMA: Corozal Road, Standley 26781. Juan Diaz, Standley 30470. Juan Franco Race Track, Panama, Standley 27676. Rio Tapia, Standley 28280. Tumba Muerta Road, Standley 29712. Taboga Island, Pittier 3550; Standley 27098. 22. Piper calocoma (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 264. 1869. Artanthe calocoma Miquel in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 199. 1856. Type LocALITY: Darién (Seemann 1067, the type). RANGE: Colombia to south-central Panama. Coct&: Bismarck, above Penonomé, Williams 332. Darikn: Seemann 1067. 23. Piper polyneurum C. DC. (Candollea 1: 270. 1923, name only, in index) ; Schroeder, Candollea 3: 138. 1926. A small tree 2 to 4 meters tall, coarsely glandular-granular throughout; flowering internodes moderately stout and long, sparingly tomentulose or glabrate; leaves elliptic-ovate, short-acuminate, subequally cordulate or rounded or exceptionally acute at base, large (9-11X20-23 cm.), pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the nerves about 12X2, appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath; petiole short (5 mm.) and not winged or on the round-based leaves elongate (20-40 mm.) and winged to the end, glabrate; spikes opposite TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 27 the leaves, arched, rather large (5X100 mm.); peduncle thick and short (scarcely 10 mm.), glabrate; bracts large, deltoid-peltate, brown-tomentulose; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 3, large, slightly stalked. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de Garagaréi, Sambi Basin, Darién (Pittier 5677, the type). RANGE: Panama. CANAL ZONE: Frijoles, Standley 27495. Rio Indio de Gattn, Pittier 2790, 2791. 24, Piper gatunense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 to 3 meters tall; flowering internodes finally stout and long, green, from villous glabrescent and glandular-granular; leaves lance-elliptic, short- acuminate and slightly inequilaterally acute at base, or ovate-oblong and equi- laterally subtruncate at base, pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the nerves 12 to 15X2, sparsely villous on both sides; petiole short (5-10 mm.) and not winged, or on the broader leaves 3 cm. long, villous; spikes opposite the leaves, arched, large (8100 mm.); peduncle stout and moderately elongate (20 mm.), from villous glabrescent; bracts triangular-subpeltate, the yellow mar- gin ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect ; stigmas 3, sessile; berries oblong. Type in the Torrey Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, collected at Gattn, Canal Zone, Panama, by Sutton Hayes (no. 502). RANGE: Hast-central Panama. CaNAL ZONE: Frijoles, Standley 27465, 27491. 25. Piper ladrillense Trel., sp. nov. A moderate-sized shrub; flowering internodes rather slender and elongate, not granular, transiently crisp-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, shortly sub- acuminate, somewhat inequilaterally rounded at base or the shorter side sub- acute, large (1120-22 cm.), pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the nerves 12 to 15X2, sparsely white-crisp-hairy on the nerves beneath and obscurely and finely glandular-granular; petiole moderately short (10+2-15+5 mm.), winged, very sparsely white-hairy or glabrate; spikes opposite the leaves, rather large (before flowering 4X55 mm.); peduncle short (10 mm.), glab- rate; bracts round or lunate-subpeltate, the narrow pale margin ciliolate; flow- ers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 677563, collected along the Rio Ladrillo, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3164). The collection has been referred to the glabrous peltate-leaved P. mazoniti. Rance: Southwestern Panama. 26. Piper stevensi Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes rather stout and long, green, densely crisp- hairy; leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, rounded at base on one side with the other shorter and acute, large (10-11% 21-23 cm.), pinnately nerved from be- low the upper fourth, the nerves about 7X2, rather loosely crisp-pubescent on both faces with the nerves pale-hirsute beneath, scarcely granular; petiole moderately long (20+10 mm.), winged below the middle, crisp-hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, rather large (580 mm.) ; peduncle 2 cm. long, moderately slender, subretrorsely crisp-pubescent; bracts elliptical-subpeltate, pale-mar- gined and ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 3, sessile; berries subglobose- oblong. Type in the herbarium of the University of Illinois, collected at Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by F. L. Stevens (no, 1247). RANGE: Hast-central Panama. 28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 27. Piper latibracteum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 5. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Boca de Pauarandé, Sambi River, Darién (Pittier 5588). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. 28. Piper gonocarpum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 meters tall; flowering internodes moderately slender and elongate, dingy-tomentulose ; leaves lance-elliptic or oblong, somewhat acuminate, rounded at base or subcordulate, with one side slightly shorter, moderate (6.517 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, dull green. glabrous and slightly cellular-pitted above, hirsute on the nerves and paler beneath; petiole rather short (10+2 mm.), deeply concave, winged, tomentu- lose; spikes opposite the leaves, thick and rather short (8X45 mm.), caudate and sterile at tip; peduncle short (10 mm.), sparsely hairy; bracts broad, con- cave; flowers sessile, perfect; berries depressed-quadrangular, 2 to 3 mm, in diameter, 4-ridged, obscurely puberulent ; stigmas 3, broad, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,832, collected near Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no, 27437). RANGE: East-central Panama. 29. Piper culebranum C. DC. Candollea 1: 121, 243, 1923. TYPE LocaLity: Rio Culebra, Colén (Pittier 4154, the type). RancGE: EHast-central Panama. CANAL ZONE: Fort Randolph, Standley 28622, 28667. France Field to Cati- val, Standley 30375. PANAMA: Juan Diaz, Standley 30611. 30. Piper pubistipulum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 5. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Agua Clara, Gattin, Canal Zone (Pittier 2661, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama. 30a. Piper pubistipulum estylosum Trel., var. nov. Differing in its sessile stigmas, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,959, collected on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 31364). RANGE: With the type. 31. Piper pseudo-garagaranum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, scarcely 2 meters tall; flowering internodes zigzag, rather slender and short, evanescently villous; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, inequi- laterally rounded at base, moderately large (5.5-7 X 14-16 em.), pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the alternate nerves about 4X2, with a few soft appressed long hairs on the dark green upper surface, the nerves villous be- neath; petiole short (3+3 mm.), scarcely winged, villous; spikes opposite the leaves, as yet young and small (1X20 mm.), with short (5 mm.), sparsely pubescent peduncle; bracts rounded-subpeltate, the narrow pale margin cilio- late; flowers sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,804, collected on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 31409). Rance: East-central Panama. 32. Piper garagaranum C, DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 15. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Garagarfi, Sambti Basin, Darién (Pittier 5618, the type). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. 33. Piper magnantherum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 16, 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de Garagara, Darién (Piitier 5666, the type). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. 34. Piper wagneri C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 302. 1869. TyPE LocaLtity: “ Chiriqui’ (Wagner). Rance: Southwestern Panama. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 29 34a. Piper wagneri var. minutispicum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper minutispicum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 1. 1920, Type LOCALITY: Sabana Grande, El Salto, above El Boquete, Chiriqu{ (Pit- tier 3116, the type). RaNGE: Southwestern Panama. 35. Piper amphoricarpum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous; flowering internodes rather slender and short (2-3 cm.) ; leaves lanceolate, subacuminate, equilaterally long-acute at base, moderately small (3-412-14 cm.), pinnately nerved nearly to the end, the nerves about 8X2; petiole short (5 mm.), winged at base; spikes opposite the leaves, small (3-5X12-15 mm.), very blunt; peduncle filiform, short (scarcely 10 mm.) ; bracts lunulate-subpeltate, golden-ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; ovary glab- rous, granular, flask-shaped, in fruit attenuate into a slender style bearing the 3 stigmas. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,010,185, collected near El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3611). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 36. Piper tenuimucronatum ©. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 12. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Los Siguas Camp, Cerro de la Horqueta, Chiriqui (Maron 5421, the type). RancE: Southwestern Panama. 837. Piper tecumense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, scarcely 2 meters tall, essentially glabrous; internodes slender and elongate, evanescently velvety at the nodes; leaves lance-ovate to elliptic-ovate, sharply but gradually long-acuminate, rounded at base with one side slightly longer, moderately small (4X11-6X14 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2, looping, very obscurely appreSsed-pubescent on the nerves beneath or quite glabrescent; petiole very short (scarcely 5+2 mm.), winged at base; stipules and stipular line somewhat pubescent; spikes opposite the leaves, when young rather small (1.535 mm.) ; peduncle filiform, 1 cm. long; bracts rounded-subpeltate, with pale ciliolate margin; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,154,367, collected along the Rio Tecumen, Province of Panama, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 29358). RanGE: Eastern Panama. 38. Piper san-lorenzanum Trel., nom. nov, Artanthe trinervia Miquel; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 200. pl. 41. 1856. Piper trinerve C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 292, 1869. Not P. trinerve Vahl, 1804. TYPE LOCALITY: San Lorenzo, Veraguas (Seemann 1217, the type). RanGae: South-central Panama. 89. Piper subtrinerve Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 to 3 meters tall, essentially glabrous; flowering internodes very slender, moderately short, finely white-dotted; leaves lanceolate, very gradu- ally attenuate or acuminate, characteristically somewhat unequally acute at base, moderately small (3-49-14 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2 with the second pair greatly prolonged, glossy green, obscurely granular beneath; petiole very short (2 mm.), not winged ; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (4X55 mm.) ; peduncle short (10 mm.), glabrous or sparsely pilose upward; bracts conspicuous, triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; berries subprismatic, glabrous; stigmas 3, sessile. 30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 678676, collected on Taboga Island, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3618). Rance: East-central Panama. PanaMa: Corozal Road, Standley 26854. Juan Diaz, Standley 30600. Las Sabanas, Bro. Celestine 110. Las Sabanas to Matias Herndindez, Standley 31836. Punta Paitilla, Piper 5410. Rio Tecumen, Standley 26563. Tumba Muerta Road, Standley 29710. Taboga Island, Standley 27869. 39a. Piper subtrinerve harveyanum Trel., var. nov. Differs chiefly in having the spikes more distinctly annulate, with the large triangular pale bracts alternating with the dark ovaries. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,180,427, collected along the Tapia River, Province of Panama, Panama, by W. R. Maxon and A. D. Harvey (no. 6684). RANGE: East-central Panama. PANAMA: Tapia River, Maron ¢ Harvey 6734. 40. Piper hirtellipetiolum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 3. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: David, Chiriqui (Pittier 2832 [not 2982], the type). RancGE: Southwestern Panama. 41. Piper tapianum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 3 meters tall, nodose; flowering internodes slender, moderately short, at first sparingly villous; leaves lanceolate or lance-elliptic, caudate, slightly inequilaterally acute at base, moderate (5-6.5X15-16 cm.), pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the nerves about 4X2, glossy dark green and glabrous above, paler and with the nerves somewhat upcurved-pubescent beneath; petiole short (about 5 mm.), winged below, hirsute; spikes opposite the leaves, rather slender and short (10 mm.), sparsely hirsute; bracts con- spicuous, roundish-subpeltate, very gray-ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; ovary depressed, glabrous; stigmas 3, filiform, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,180,449, collected along the Tapia River, Province of Panama, by W. R. Maxon and A. D. Harvey (no. 6709). RANGE: East-central Panama. PANAMA: Rio Tapia, Standley 26122. 42. Piper turbense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes slender and rather short, loosely hairy or glabrate; leaves undulately lance-oblong, acuminate, obliquely rounded at base or with one side shorter and subacute, moderately large (5-5.5X 16-20 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, sparsely villous on the nerves beneath; petiole very short (5, or 4+4mm.), not winged, somewhat hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, small (8X20 mm.), mucronate; peduncle slender, short (5 mm.), loosely pubescent; bracts inconspicuous, sublunate, ciliolate; flowers sessile, perfect; ovary flask-shaped, attenuate into a style; stigmas 3, large. Type in the Torrey Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden, collected at Turbo, Colombia, by Schott (no. 3). RANGE: Western Colombia; and adjacent Col6én, Panama (?) 43. Piper davidianum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 9. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: David, Chiriqui (Pittier 2837, the type). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 44. Piper callibracteum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 13. 1920. Piper chamissonis rubellibracteum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 13. 1920. ?Piper aequale Auct. as to Panama. TYPE LOCALITY: El Boquete, Chiriqui (Pittier 2940, the type). CHrRIQui: El Boquete, Pittier 2899, type of P. chamissonis rubellibracteum; Killip 3549, in part. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 31 RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 45. Piper nitidifolium C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 14. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY : El Boquete, Chiriqui (Mazon 4943, the type). Rance: Southwestern Panama, 46. Piper erectamentum ©. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 10. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de la Horqueta, Chiriqui (Pittier 3191, the type). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 47, Piper papyraceum Trel., sp. nov. Piper pseudo-propinquum Auct. as to Panama. A small, essentially glabrous tree; flowering internodes moderately slender and short, drying green, green-granular; leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, sub- equilaterally acute at base, moderately large (6X14-9X20 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5X2, drying green and papery; petiole rather long (2-3 cm.), winged to above the middle; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (560-80 mm.); peduncle short and thick, more or less velvety; bracts triangular-subpeltate, pale, ciliolate; flowers sessile, perfect ; berries ovoid, with a short stout style; stigmas 3, large. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 677410, collected at El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3023). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 48. Piper amphioxys Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes slender and short, at most very obscurely and transiently puberulent, scarcely granular; leaves elliptic, bluntly acuminate, equilaterally acute at base, rather small (4X10-7.5X15 cm.), submultiple- nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 3 or 4X2 with the lowest pair essentially basal, slightly puberulent on the nerves beneath; petiole very short (5 mm.), channeled, not winged, glabrous; spikes opposite the leaves, slender and moderately elongate (2X50 mm.); peduncle slender, short (5 mm.,), glabrous; bracts inconspicuous, round-peltate, ciliolate; flowers sessile, perfect ; berries minute, somewhat triquetrously obpyramidal, glabrous; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 679340, collected between Loma de la Gloria and Faté6, Province of Col6n, Panama, by H. Pittier (no, 4239). RANGE: East-central Panama. 48a. Piper amphioxys laurifolium Trel., var. nov. Differs in its narrow leaves (4X9-5X13 cm.), with the second pair of midrib branches opposite and about 1 cm. from the base. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 715872, collected at Garagaraé, Sambt Basin, Darién, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5598). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. 49. Piper subcaudatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, nodose; flowering internodes rather slender and short (2-3 cm.), transiently crisp-hairy below the petioles; leaves obliquely elliptic or elliptic- obovate, subeaudately long-acuminate, subobtuse at the narrowed base, rather large (6-7.5X14-16 em.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, more or less appressed-hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole very short (5+38 mm.), somewhat crisp-hairy on the back, not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, as yet very young and small (1X10 mm.); peduncle sparsely velvety; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate; flowers sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 715886, collected at Garagara, Sambi Basin, Darién, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5612). Rance: Southeastern Panama. 32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 50. Piper subnudibracteum ©. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 14. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro Vaca to Hato del Loro, Chiriqui (Pitticr 5390, the type). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 51. Piper sambuanum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 18. 1920. Type LocALITy: Garagaré, Sambti Basin, Darién (Pittier 56638, the type). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. DaRIEN: Garagarfi, Pitticr 5726. 52. Piper storkii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, essentially glabrous; flowering internodes slender and short, green, granular; leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate, very inequilateral, acute at base or the longer side somewhat rounded, moderate (4X10-6X15 cm.), pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, drying green, rarely with a soft hair above and the nerves very obscurely appressed-pubescent be- neath; petiole very short (scarcely 5 mm.), granular, not winged above the base; spikes opposite the leaves, dull red, 2X60 mm.; peduncle very short (5 mm.) and relatively thick; bracts roundish-subpeltate, glabrous; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,166,892, collected at Rubber Tree Station, Bocas del Toro, Panama, by H. HE. Stork (no. 124). Rance: Northwestern Panama. 53. Piper pallidibracteum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 8. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Obaldfa, San Blas Coast, Province of Colén (Pittier 4396, the type). Range: Northeastern Panama. 54. Piper williamsii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 to 3 meters tall, nodose; flowering internodes slender and short (2-3 cm.), grayish-tomentulose; leaves inequilaterally lanceolate or lance- elliptic, acuminate, obliquely rounded at base with one side slightly shorter and more acute, moderately large (5-7X13-17 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle or upper third, the nerves 5 or 6X2, cancellate-veiny, lepi- dote but essentially glabrous above, appressed-tomentulose on the nerves beneath; petiole rather short (10+383 mm.), tomentulose, not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, slender, 2X90 mm., refracted-mucronate; peduncle slender and short (10 mm.), appressed-pubescent or tomentulose; bracts lunately sub- peltate, ciliolate; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678344, collected at Marraganti, Panama, by R. 8S. Williams (no. 986). 55. Piper lucigaudens C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 10. 1920. T'yPE LOCALITY: Rio Indio de Gattin, Canal Zone (Pittier 2791, the type). RanGeE: East-central Panama. 56. Piper viridicaule Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 meters tall; flowering internodes green, slender and rather elongate, villous; leaves lanceolate, gradually sharp-acuminate, inequilaterally cordulate with the longer side covering the petiole, moderately small (3.5-4X 10-12 em.), pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the nerves about 5X2, green, dull, sparsely villous and very white-scabrous above, paler and appressed-white-hirsute beneath especially on the nerves; petiole moder- ately short (8+2-20+2 mm.), white-villous, winged below; inflorescence unknown. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 33 Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,801, collected on Barro Colorado Island, GatGn Lake, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 31402). Rance: Hast-central Panama. 57. Piper persubulatum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 4. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Loma de la Gloria, Fat6, Colén (Pittier 4240, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama, 58. Piper colonense C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 11. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Dos Bocas, Rio Faté6, Colén (Pittier 4221, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama. 59. Piper panamense C. DC. Journ, Bot. Brit. & For. 4: 216. 1866. Piper citrifolium panamense C. DC. Candollea 1: 114. 1923. TYPE LOCALITY: Chagres, Province of Colén (Fendler 270, the type). Rance: Northern Panama. Bocas DEL Toro: Laguna de Chiriqui, Hart 124 60. Piper septuplinervium (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 313. 1869. Artanthe septuplinervia Miquel in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 199. pl. 40. 1856. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Panama” (Seemann 1066, the type). RANGE: Northern (?) Panama. CoLén: Porto Bello, Pittier 2477. 61. Piper killipi Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes moderately slender and short, dingy-subto- mentose; leaves lanceolate, gradually acuminate, obliquely subacute at base, moderately small (4-5X11-15 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the impressed nerves 5 or 6X2, dull, glabrous and scarcely scabrous above, appressed-hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole very short (5 mm.), crisp- hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, elongate (3100 mm.), hooked-mucronate ; peduncle short (5-10 mm.), glabrate; bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,012,175, collected near El Bo- quete, Chiriqui, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3549). 62. Piper killipi calderanum Trel., var. nov. Differs in somewhat larger (5X15 cm.) and rugose, cordulate leaves, and straight-mucronate spikes. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,266,034, collected along Rio Caldera, above El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3544). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 63. Piper infraluteum Tre!., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous; flowering internodes slender and short; leaves lance- oblong or ovate-oblong, acuminate, subequally acute at base, small (34X10 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2, drying yellow beneath; petiole short (7+2 mm.), not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, slender, 2X50 mm. before flowering; peduncle slender, short (scant 10 mm.) ; bracts large, round- or triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in “Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no. 798). Rance: Central (?) Panama. 64. Piper trachydermum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes slender and rather elongate, scabrid; leaves elliptic-subovate or subobovate, sharp-acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, moderately large (7-816 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the upper third, 34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM the nerves about 5X2, microscopically white-scabrous, dingy appressed-pubes- cent on the nerves beneath; petiole short (7+3 mm.) not winged, hispid ; spikes opposite the leaves, slender, 2X50-80 mm. before flowering; peduncle short (5 mm.), seabrid; bracts rounded-subpeltate, rusty-ciliolate; flowers sessile. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in “Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no. 791). RANGE: East-central Panama. PanaMA: Rio Tapia, Standley 28208. Cocit: Bismarck, Williams 343. 65. Piper cativalense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 to 3 meters tall; flowering internodes slender and elongate, villous; leaves elliptic-ovate or subovate, rather abruptly acuminate, inequi- laterally cordulate, moderate (6.5%X12-14 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle or upper third, the nerves about 5X2, green, rather glossy and sparsely long-hairy above, more villous beneath, especially on the nerves; petiole rather short (scarcely 10+2 mm.), loosely villous, winged below; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,154,579, collected between France Field, Canal Zone and Catival, Province of Colén, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 30206). Rance: East-central Panama. 66. Piper pseudo-cativalense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, 2 meters tall; flowering internodes slender and elongate, green, sparingly crisp-pubescent; leaves elliptic-ovate to oblong, rather bluntly sub- acuminate, inequilaterally rounded at base or the broader deeply cordulate, moderate (5-6X12-13 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, dull, crisp-hairy, and very scabrous above, grayer and ob- scurely granular beneath with the nerves upcurved-pubescent; petiole short (scarcely 10+2 mm.), hispid or matted-hairy, winged below; spikes opposite the leaves, as yet minute and dingy-canescent. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,573, collected between France Field, Canal Zone, and Catival, Province of Col6én, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 30399). RANGE: East-central Panama. CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31288, 31387. Mount Hope: Cemetery, Standley, 28776. 67. Piper sperdinum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 1. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, Col6n (Pittier 4348, the type). RANGE: Northeastern Panama. CoL6n: Puerto Obaldia, Pittier 4301. 68. Piper diazanum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, scarcely 2 meters tall; flowering internodes slender, moderately short, green, sparingly appressed-pubescent; leaves lanceolate to subovate or subobovate, gradually acuminate, rounded or subtruncate at base or shal. lowly subcordate, with one side sometimes shorter, moderately large (3.5-5 or 7X13-16 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, slightly pubescent on the nerves, yellowish green, the paler lower surface granular-punctate; petiole short (5 or 512-10 mm.), loosely crisp-hirsute or subvillous, winged only at base; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (360-90 mm.) ; peduncle short (5 mm.), with short appressed white hairs or glabrate; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect; berries triquetrously oblong; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 35 Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 863136, collected east of Juan Diaz, Province of Panama, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3114). RaNGE: East-central Panama. Coton: Porto Bello, Pittier 2428. Canan Zone: Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Standley 26006. Fort Sherman, Standley 30953, 30974, 30996. Fort San Lorenzo, Maron é& Valentine 7012. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25798, 29625. Matachin to Las Cascadas, Cowell 338. Monte Lirio, Mazon 6848. Mount Hope Cemetery, Standley 28802. Obispo, Standley 31671. Tabernilla, Pittier 3828. 69. Piper subdilatatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, scarcely 2 meters tall; flowering internodes rather slender and short, drying dark, at first loosely velvety or crisp-pubescent; leaves oblanceolate- oblong, acuminate, unequally truncate or rounded below or abruptly subacute at the very base, moderately large (818-22 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, scabrid and transiently or obscurely appressed-pubescent above and velvety on the nerves, and somewhat appressed- hairy or loosely velvety beneath; spikes opposite the leaves, as yet young and scarcely 1X10 mm., canescent; flowers sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 863177, collected on Taboga Island, Gulf of Panama, Panama, by FE. P. Killip (no. 3194). Rance: South-central Panama, PANAMA: Taboga Island, Standley 27019, 27920. 70. Piper obaldianum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 7. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Obaldia, San Blas Coast, Colén (Pittier 4366, the type). Rance: Northeastern Panama. 71. Piper peracuminatum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 9. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Dos Bocas, Rio Faté6, Colén (Pittier 4210, the type). RANGE: EHast-central Panama. CoL6n: Chagres, Fendler 269. Rio Indio de Fat6, Pittier 4254. “ Panama,” Hayes 771. 72. Piper sancti-felicis Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes rather slender, elongate, nodose, retrorsely and somewhat hamately gray-hispid ; leaves elliptic-oblanceolate or subobovate, grad- ually acuminate, inequilaterally rounded at base, rather large (8-10*15-—-20 em.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6 or 7X2, minutely scabrous on both faces and the nerves hirsute beneath ; petiole short (5+4 mm.), not winged, subretrorsely hispid; spikes opposite the leaves, elongate (3120 mm.); peduncle short (5 mm.), hispid; bracts transversely subpeltate, cilio- late; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 3, minute, sessile; berries small, oblong. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715306, collected at San Felix, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5124). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. %3. Piper barbinerve Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes moderately slender and elongate, for a time dingy crisp-pubescent; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, bluntly acum- inate, unequally cordulate with the longer side covering the petiole, moder- ately large (6-7.5X14-16 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves at first hairy; petiole short (scarcely over 5+5 mm.), winged to the middle, hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, moderate (2X60 mm. before flower- ing); peduncle slender, short (10 mm.), sparsely velvety; bracts triangular- subpeltate, pale-ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect. 36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 679247, collected above Santa Isabel, Culebra River, Province of Colén, Panama, by H. Pittier (no, 4148). RANGE: Northeastern Panama. 74. Piper non-retrorsum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, nodose; flowering internodes rather slender and short, hiruste with upcurved hairs; leaves inequilaterally elliptic-oblanceolate, sharply acuminate, the narrowed base obtuse or with the shorter side acute, moderately large (8-9X 18-20 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 6 or 7X2, white-scabrous above, somewhat hairy beneath on the nerves; petiole moderate (10+7 mm.), hairy, not winged; spikes opposite the leaves, elongate (3X135 mm.), mucronate; peduncle short (scarcely 10 mm.,), rough with upcurved pubescence; bracts round- or lunulate-subpeltate, pale-ciliolate ; flowers sessile, perfect. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 677170, collected near Porto Bello, Province of Colén, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 2429). Rance: Northeastern Panama. CANAL Zone: Fort Sherman, Standley 31121. 75. Piper scabrilimbum C. DC. Candollea 1: 121, 276. 1923. TYPE LOCALITY: Boca de Pauarand6, Sambi River, Darién (Pittier 5584, the type). RANGE: Southeastern Panama. 76. Piper villiramulum C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 11. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Loma de la Gloria, Faté, Colén (Pittier 4083, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama. CANAL ZONE: Ancon, Bro, Celestine 32; Piper 6028. Balboa, Standley 26073, 29267. Bella Vista, Macbride 2732. Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Standley 26012. El Paraiso, Pittier 2534. Empire to Mandinga, Piper 5514. Frijoles, Piper 5867. Gamboa, Standley 28522. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25692, 25701. Miraflores to Corozal, Pittier 2198. Rio Pedro Miguel, East Paraiso, Standley 29966. Summit, Standley 26937. CoL6n: Fort Lorenzo, Rio Chagres, Piper 5971. PaNnaAMA: Pacora River, Killip 3123. Corozal Road, Panama, Standley 26843. Sabana de Juan Corso, Chepo, Pittier 4537. 76a. Piper villiramulum gamboanum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper hispidum gamboanum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 12. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Gamboa, Canal Zone (Pittier 3410, the type). RANGE: North- and east-central Panama. Bocas DEL Toro: Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 234. CaNaL Zone: Corozal, Stevens 116, 117, 124. Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Standley 25998. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 29639. Las Cruces Trail, Standley 29048, 29199. Obispo, Standley 31794. Panama: Juan Diaz, Standley 30623. Las Sabanas to Matias Hernindez, Standley 31818. Rio Tapia, Standley 28134. Rio Tecumen, Stand- ley 26598. Camino de la Granja, Bro. Heriberto 165, 77. Piper elongatum Vahl, Enum. PI. 1: 312. 1804. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil (7). Rance: Around the northeastern part of South America and, in similar if separable forms, through Central America into Mexico. CANAL ZONE: Gatn, Standley 27256. Fort Sherman, Mazon dé Valentine 6992; Standley 30941. CoL6On: Faté to Playa de Damas, Pittier 3930. Fort Lorenzo, Piper 5985. PANAMA: Tapia River, Mazon ¢& Harvey 6671. Tumba Muerta Road, Standley 29803. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 37 77a, Piper elongatum laevifolium (C. DC.) Trel. Piper aduncum laevifolium C. DC. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 71°: 8. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Porto Bello, Colon (Pittier 2438, the type). Rance: North-central Panama. 7b. Piper elongatum brachyarthrum Trel., var. nov. Differs from the type with sparsely soft-pubescent stem in having the latter very hirsute-villous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 675501, collected near El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama, by William R. Maxon (no. 5139). RANGE: Panama. CaNnaL ZONE: Chiva-Chiva Trail, Piper 5749. 78. Piper chagresianum Trel., sp. nov. Piper aduncum Auct. as to Panama. A shrub; flowering internodes moderately slender and rather short, sparsely tawny crisp- or velvety-pubescent; leaves lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, bluntly subacuminate, rounded or subtruncate at base with one side sometimes a little shorter, rather large (5.5-6.5 15-19 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6 or 7X2, somewhat scabrous and hairy on the nerves above, rather sparingly appressed-pubescent beneath; petiole moderately elongate (10-15+-5 mm.), winged below the middle, dingy velvety-hirsute; spikes op- posite the leaves, straight, moderate (3-4X65-80 mm.); peduncle short (10 mm.), loosely velvety; bracts inconspicuous, lunulate-truncate, ciliate; flowers sessile, perfect, stigmas 2 or 3, linear, sessile; berries minute, trigon- ously obpyramidal, glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 42617, collected at Chagres, Province of Colén, Panama, by A. Fendler (no. 268). RANGE: East-central Panama. CoL6n : Rio Indio de Fat6, Pittier 4271. 79. Piper changuinolanum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, scabrous throughout, nodose; internodes short and rather slender, drying sulcate, densely but finely gray-hispid; leaves inequilaterally or sub- faleately oblong, acuminate, rounded at base and shorter on one side, rather small (4X15 cm.), pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the nerves about 5X2, the lowest somewhat approximate, slightly rugose, dull, paler and granular-punctulate beneath and appressed-pubescent on the nerves; petiole short (scarcely 5+5 mm.), winged at base, at first appressed-hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, 2 becoming 380-100 mm.; peduncle rather short (10 mm.), appressed-hispid; bracts small, round-subpeltate, ciliate; flowers sessile, per- fect; berries short-oblong, mostly elongate with the rachis, glabrous; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,205,153, collected in the Chan- guinola Valley, Bocas del Toro, Panama, by V. C. Dunlap (no. 233). Rance: Northwestern Panama. 80. Piper fatoanum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 7. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Fat6 to Playa de Damas, Colén (Pittier 3925, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama. 81. Piper linearifolium C. DC. Linnaea 37: 355. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Hacienda Santa Rosa, Costa Rica. RANGE: Costa Rica to central Panama. CHIRIQUi: El Boquete, Maron 5140. CoL6n: Rio Faté, Pittier 3881. 38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 82. Piper taboganum C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 4. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Taboga Island, Gulf of Panama (Pittier 3529, the type). RANGE: South-central Panama. 88. Piper vitabundum Trel., sp. nov. Climbing; flowering internodes rather slender and long, sparingly and tran- siently appressed-hairy; leaves subelliptic, subacute at both ends or the base rather rounded, moderate (4.5X10-12 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2, closely lepidote on both faces, the nerves ap- pressed-pubescent beneath; petiole short (5+3 mm.), sparsely hairy, scarcely winged; spikes opposite the leaves, normally (?) arched, 3X80 mm.; peduncle short (scarcely 10 mm.), glabrate; bracts roundish-subpeltate, the very narrow pale margin ciliolate; flowers perfect, sessile; berries subcubical; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,205,222, collected in the Chan- guinola Valley, Bocas del Toro, Panama, by V. C. Dunlap (no. 338). 84. Piper reptabundum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 169. 1920. TYPE LocaLiry: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica. RANGE: Costa Rica and adjacent Panama, Bocas pEL Toro: Sibubi Falls, Rowlee 372. 85. Piper breve C. DC., sp. nov. A low shrub; flowering internodes slender and short, canescently subap- pressed-hairy when young; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, gradually pointed, rounded at base with one side shorter, moderately small (3-4.5X9-13 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, softly ap- pressed-pubescent on both faces or becoming slightly scabrid, not rugose; petiole short (3+3 mm.), hairy, winged to the middle, spikes opposite the leaves, relatively rather thick and short (445-60 mm.); peduncle rather short (10 mm.), loosely pubescent, bracts lunate- or triangular-subpeltate, ciliate ; flowers sessile, perfect; stigmas 8, sessile; berries subglobose, glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678858, collected between Gamboa and Cruces, Canal Zone, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3787). Rance: East-central Panama. CanaL Zone: Cerro Gordo, Culebra, Standley 25975, 26018. Empire to Mandinga, Piper 5523. France Field to Catival, Colén, Stevens 981. CoLon: Fat6 to Playa de Damas, Pittier 3923. Fort Lorenzo, Piper 5944. 85a. Piper breve pallidineurum Trel., var. nov. A rather larger, more scabridulous-leaved form, with the prominent nerves paler beneath, the spikes scarcely longer than in the type. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,154,564, collected between France Field, Canal Zone, and Catival, Col6n, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 30164). RANGE: East-central Panama. CANAL ZONE: Ancon Hill, Killip 12078; Standley 25208, 26382. Brazos Brook, Stevens 752. Chiva-Chiva Trail, Maron ¢ Harvey 659. Culebra, Pittier 3445; Stevens 993. Gamboa, Standley 28374, 28481. Juan Mina, Piper 5692. Obispo, Standley 31764. Panama: Chepo, Pittier 4539. Juan Franco Race Track, Panama, Standley 27713, 27734, 27777. Tumba Muerta Road, Panama, Standley 29724. Matfas Hernfindez, Standley 28957. Las Sabanas to Matias Hernfindez, Standley 31832. Las Sabanas, Bro. Celestine 110. Punta Paitilla, Standley 26303; Stevens 349. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 39 85b. Piper breve pseudo-dumeticola Trel., nom. nov. Piper dumeticola panamense C. DC. Smiths, Misc. Coll. 71°: 7. 1920. A form with lance-oblong, rugose, and scabrid leaves, the spikes scarcely 40 mm. long. TYPE LOCALITY: Old, Coclé (Pittier 5034, the type). Rance: EHast-central Panama. 85c. Piper breve bellae-vistae Trel., var. nov. A form with lanceolate-oblanceolate leaves 7X16 cm. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,167,181, collected at Bella Vista, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 12045). RANGE: Hast-central Panama. PANAMA: Bella Vista, Killip 12004; Piper 5331. 85d. Piper breve divaricatum Trel., var. nov. A spreading form with lance-elliptic or subovate leaves, and spikes becom- ing 90 cm. long. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 1,180,701, collected at Fort Sherman, Canal Zone, Panama, by William R. Maxon and A. T. Valentine (no. 6986). Rance: East-central Panama. CaNAL ZONE: Fort Sherman, Standley 30918, 30982, 31149. 85e. Piper breve pseudo-fatoanum Trel., var. nov. A distinct form with narrow leaves 4X15 cm., and elongate spikes 3 to 4 by 90 mm. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 678777, collected at Gamboa, Canal Zone, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3709). RANGE: East-central Panama. CaNnaAL ZONE: Balboa, Standley 25420, 25565, 25603. Corozal, Standley 27341. Fort Randolph, Maron & Harvey 6504, 6543; Standley 28659. Margarita Swamp, Mazon é¢ Harvey 7055. PaNaMa: Juan Diaz, Standley 30637. Rfo Tecumen, Standley 26551, 29451. Tapia River, Maron & Harvey 6620, 6626; Standley 28103 ; Stevens 1033. 86. Piper pervelutinum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, nodose; flowering internodes short, densely red-velvety; leaves ob- long, subacuminate, rounded at base with one side shorter, rather small (512-15 cm.), pinnately nerved from above the middle, the nerves 6X2, gradually approximate downward, rugose, glossy and very scabrous above, dull and red-hairy beneath; petiole short (8+2 mm.), not winged, red-hairy; spikes opposite the leaves, while very young 2X15 mm.; peduncle short, vel- vety ; bracts round-subpeltate, ciliate ; flowers sessile. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in “Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no. 796). RANGE: Panama. 87. Piper pilosiusculum Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 154. pl. 29. 1830. TYPE LocALITY: “ Panama” (Haenke, the type). RANGE: Panama. 88. Piper hayesii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub (?), at first densely rusty-tomentose; leaves obliquely ovate, sub- acuminate, subcordate, peltate, fully 20 by 30 cm., submultiple-nerved from be- low the middle, the nerves 6 to 8X2, glabrate between the velvety nerves above, velvety between the hairy nerves beneath, very bullately rugose; petiole elon- gate (fully 7 cm.), rusty-tomentose, winged; spikes large (4200 mm.) ; 40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM peduncle moderate (3.5 cm.), puberulent and somewhat rusty-hairy ; bracts tri- angular-subpeltate, hairy; flowers sessile, perfect; ovary round-ovoid ; stigmas 8, sessile. Type in the Torrey Herbarium‘ of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in “Panama” by Sutton Hayes (no. 765). RANGE: Panama, 89. Piper veraguense ©. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 294. 1869. TYPE LOCALITY: “Costa Rica and Veragua” (Warscewicz, the type in the Boissier Herbarium). RaNGeE: Northwestern (?) Panama. 90. Piper maxonii C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 16. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY : El Boquete, Chiriqui (Mazon 5050, the type). Rance: Southwestern Panama. CHIRIQui: Rfo Ladrillo, above El Boquete, Mazon 3163, 3164. 91. Piper auritum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 54. 1816. Type LOCALITY: About Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Rance: Through Central America to Colombia in a number of scarcely sepa- rable forms, the southernmost chiefly of the large-leaved variety seemannianum (Miquel) Trel. (Artanthe seemanniana Miquel). Province (7): Seemann 37, 1069. Bocas peL Toro: Changuinola Valley, Dunlap 403. Laguna de Chiriqui, Hart 125, 126. Cuiriqui: San Felix, Pit- tier 5159. Cana Zone: Fort Sherman, Mazon & Valentine 6983; Standley 3093; Stevens 263. Gattn, Standley 27244; Stevens 832. Gorgona to Gatin, Pittier 2263. Monkey Hill, Cowell 22. Nuevo Limén, Mazon 6898. CoL6n: Faté to Playa de Damas, Pittier 3933. Porto Bello, Pittier 2441. Puerto Obaldfa, Pittier 4380. Rio Fat6, Pittier 3909. Santa Isabel, Pittier 4177. Pan- ama: Chepo, Pittier 4709. Darrén: Boca de Cupe, Williams 785. 92. Piper imperiale (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 339. 1869. Artanthe imperialis Miquel in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 198. 1856. Piper portobellense C. DC. Smiths. Misc. Coll. 71°: 6. 1920. TypE LOCALITY: Cacagual Island, Darién (Seemann 1068, the type). RANGE: East-central Panama. CanaL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Standley, 31273. Frijoles, Standley 27441. Frijoles to Monte Lirio, Killip 12155. Coton: Porto Bello, Maxon 5795. Piper salicinum Opiz (in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 150. 1830), ascribed when pub- lished to Mexico and Panama, is clearly labeled at Prague as from the Mari- anne Islands, and so is to be dismissed definitely from all consideration of the American flora. 4, PEPEROMIA Ruiz & Pav. KEY TO SPECIES 1. Leaves alternate (the uppermost sometimes subopposite because of shortened internodes) ______________-------------------------------------------- 2. Leaves opposite or whorled________------------------------------------ 41. 2. Leaves, or some of them, obviously peltate; spikes never paniculate______3. Leaves not peltate (the margin exceptionally barely crossing the petiole) __7. 8. Stem short and few-leaved_______-__--__-_-_____~_--.------------------ 4, Stem elongate and leafy.__-_-_--_------_-----. ee wee eee nnn G. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 41 4. Leaves over 10 cm, long_-_---------_-__---_------+____-__ 32. P. variegata. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long___-_-_-_-________-_-__-_--------_ eee 5. 5. Leaves round-ovate___-_-__--_-__--_-------~__---_ 3. P. killipi. Leaves elliptic-ovate__..___.____________-___--__-_______- 4, P. hymenodes. 6. Stem stout; spikes large________________-______________+- 31. P. cordulata, Stem slender; spikes small___-_____---___-_________ 30. P. cordulatiformis. %. Spikes panicled on a seape; leaves large_____-___-____- 8. Spikes subpanicled on the leafy stem___---_-___--____ 38. P. oblongibacca. Spikes solitary or paired__-_.--__--_-______-__-_____-____- 9. 8. Leaves lanceolate, acute__________-___-------_-___-_____ 44, P. mameiana. Leaves subobovate, acute______________-____-______-___- 37. P. williamsii. 9. Leaves palmately nerved (the inner nerves exceptionally confluent toward the base)__.-__----_--_-____ eee 10. Leaves pinnately nerved___----__---_-______________-_-_------____ 30. 10. Leaves appreciably obtuse at base or cordate______ ee SI 11. Leaves appreciably acute at base__._______________ ee 21. 11, Leaves at most ciliate or obscurely puberulent_______.__________--____ 12, Leaves evidently pubescent; creeping; leaves smail____.-~-- 20. 12, Stem short or stout__------_--~-___-____________ ee 13. Stem elongate and rather slender_________________-_____--_-____-_._- 16. 18. Leaves few, at end of the stem______________________-_ ee 14. Leaves distributed along the stem___-_-----------___---------_------- 15. 14. Leaves round-ovate______________-_--___-------------------- 3. P. killipi. Leaves elliptic-ovate___-____________--______---_--_--_- 4. P. hymenodes, 15. Petiole thick and short_________-_-_-___--_------_------ 31. P. cordulata. Petiole slender and elongate____.__________. lee ee 2. P. brevipeduncula. 16. Leaves 4 to 6 cm. long; plant prostrate or pendent______-___--____-_-_ 17. Leaves scarcely half as long__________--______-_--_--------_---------- 19. 17. Leaves round, cordate____----__-_---------------- 30. P. cordulatiformis. Leaves oblong, not cordate_________-__---------_---__------------------ 18, 18. Spikes opposite the leaves_____--_-------_---__--_- 25. P. portobellensis. Spikes axillary____________________-____________ 26. P. elata. 19. Plant creeping; leaves obovate_______-_-___-____-___- 15. P. panamensis. Plant erect; leaves round-ovate___.-__--___- wenn eek eee 1. P. pellucida. 20. Leaves ovate__.._-_--__-_-----_------------- 29. P. urocarpoides. Leaves round-subcordate__--__________-___--_______-__-_ 28. P. scandens. Leaves round-subobovate_________--____________-___- 13. P. rotundifolia. 21. Leaves at most ciliate or obscurely puberulent____-----------u--------- 22. Leaves evidently pubescent__________________________- 24. P. obscurifolia. 22. Leaves granular-punctulate____________--__----__-----1e eee eee 23. Leaves not granular__-____-_______---_-_____---__---------- eee 28. 23. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long____-_-_____-_____-_--_---_---------------------- 24. Leaves 2.5 to 4 em. long__-_------- +--+ 27. Leaves scarcely 2 em, long, black-granular____________ 21. P. fusco-ciliata. 24. Leaves lanceolate _...._--._-----__-____----- as apace paper ee we 25. Leaves lance-elliptic________-.---___-__----_--------------++------+--- 26. 25. Leaves merely acute at base____________w_-____-_____ 17. P. parietariaefolia. Leaves long-cuneate____--___---------------+------+--- 22. P. percuneata. 26. Stem slender___._-__-__-_______--_------------------ 18. P. conjungens. Stem rather stout--____--_---_-----____-----~+-i------- 27. P. pascuicola. 27. Leaves pale-granular___________________-__.__ 19. P. leucosticta. Leaves black-granular____________1_-_--_4--+-ui_--_~+-- 20. P. leucandra. 42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 28. Leaves 4 to 6 cm. long._____-_--------------------------------------- 29. Leaves 1 to 4 cm, long_--_--------_-_----------_--_- 14, P. hygrophiloides. 29. Spikes opposite the leaves.___.__-__-_--------_-------- 25. P, portobellensis. Spikes axillary__.._-___--------------------_----------------- 26. P. elata. 30. Leaves appreciably obtuse at base or cordate_____------_------+---------- 31. Leaves appreciably acute at base__-_------_--------------------------- 36. 31. Plants glabrous; leaves round-ovate___________-_--~--.---__ 1. P. pellucida. Plants locally pubescent, usually; leaves elongate.____________.-------- 32. 82. Leaves 8 to 14 cm. long, velvety___._-___-_--____-_--_- 40. P. ciliolibractea. Leaves 3 to 7 em. long________________--___--_-__---__- e+ 33. 33. Plants densely velvety____-_ Re ee eee eee eee eee eee 16. P. stevensi. Plants distinctly silky-pubescent_____________----__-~- 24. P. obscurifolia. Pubescence transient__.__._._____-_-__----_--------------------------- 34. 34, Leaves drying thick; peduncle elongate___._-.__--__-_- 39. P. piperorum. Leaves drying thin.___________________---_-_-------------------------- 35. 85. Peduncle elongate _-___--.----------------.--------- 41, P. caudulilimba. Peduncle very short--__-_--___-__--------------------- 43. P. gatunensis. 36. Leaves at most ciliate or obscurely puberulent____-_____--_---_---------- 37. Leaves evidently pubescent___.--__--_--------------------------------- 40. 37. Leaves 12 to 20 cm. long or more____---_----_------~--- 35. P. flavispica. Leaves 6 to 10 or 12 cm. long________----_----___-_-__---_-------------- 38. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long____________-_-------_--------------------------- 39. Leaves scarcely 4 by 4 em_____-------------------- 83. P. machaerodonta. 88. Leaves sharply acuminate________________-___----- 86. P. acuminatifolia. Leaves blunt___-_________--_---------------- 34. P. dodecatheontophylla. 89. Leaves drying thick, subsessile___________-__------------ 39. P. piperorum. Leaves drying thin, slender-petioled_____________--__- 41. P. caudulilimba. 40. Petiole elongate ____-_---____------------------------ 41. P. caudulilimba. Petiole very short______---------------------------- 42. P. cylindribacca. 41. Leaves lanceolate or lance-elliptic___..___...----_-_------------------ 42, Leaves round-obovate, whorled, small___.._._..--___--_--------------- 45 Leaves round, opposite, small_________-----__--------- 5. P. cyclophylia. Leaves oblong, whorled, minute____-_-------.------.------- 12. P. apoda. 42. Leaves 6 to 10 em. long__---___----_-__--_---------- 10. P. seemanniana. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long__________--__----------------~-- 9. P. viridispica. Leaves scarcely 4 cm. long_----------------------------------------- 43. 48. Stem stout______________.-__--___------_----+--------- 8. P. sarcocarpa. Stem slender_____________-__- eee +--+ +--+ +--+ ++ +--+ + 44, 44. Leaves all opposite______________------------------------ 11. P. glabrior. Leaves alternate on stem_______-----__-_------------- 23. P. allagotacta. 45. Plant glabrous ____--__-_____------------------------ 6. P. subquadrifolia. Plant pubescent______----------------------_-------_--- 7. P. quaternata, 1. Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 64, 1815. Piper pellucidum L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. PANAMA: Without locality, Seemann 113; Hayes 195. Las Sabanas. Stand- ley 25950. Taboga Island, Standley 27063, 27881. Chepo, Pittier 4450. Cot6n: Chagres, Fendler 302. Porto Bello, Pittier 2469. Puerto Obaldia, Pittier 4870. Bocas pEL Toro: Changuinola River, Stork 1. CAaNaL ZONE: Summit, Standley 26905; Stevens 325. Balboa, Standley 25827, 27159; Mrs. Foster in 1924. Anc6n Hill, Pittier 3962; Stevens 794. A common weed through the West Indies (the type apparently from Mar- tinique), Mexico, Central America, and northern South America, and introduced into tropical Africa. The continental plant usually has the leaves whitened TRELEASE——-PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 43 beneath and often smaller, var. pygmaea Kunth (Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 117, 1822, the type from Loxa) and its f. minor Van Heurck & Muell. (Obs. Bot. 115. 1870, the type from Panama). 2. Peperomia brevipeduncula (C. DC.) Trel. Peperonia heydei y brevipeduncula C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 21: 274. 1920. A rather small, simple, erect, glabrous herb, perennial from a rhizome; stem scarcely 10 em. high, with short internodes; leaves few (scarcely 10), alternate, round or round-ovate or elliptic-ovate, rounded or barely subacute at apex, cordulate, moderate (4 to 7 cm. long and wide), drying dark green, dull and thin, 5 or 7 nerved; petiole 2 to-5-cm. long; spikes several, clustered at the end, comparatively stout and short (scarcely 2-380-150 mm.), rather closely flowered above; peduncle almost suppressed; bracts round-peltate; berries blackening, globose; stigma apical, sessile. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Marta, Colombia. Darién: Boca de Pauarandé, Sambi River, Pittier 5590. Rance: Eastern Panama and adjacent Colombia. 3. Peperomia killipi Trel. Bot. Gaz. 73: 143. 1922. Cot6n: Alhajuela, Killip 3218. Alhajuela to El Vigia, Pittier 4712. Cana. ZONE: Rio Paraiso, East Paraiso, Standley 29890. 4. Peperomia hymenodes Trel., sp. nov. A small, nearly glabrous herb; stem short and subrhizomatous, with very short internodes; leaves alternate, almost radical, elliptic-ovate, somewhat acute, cordulate to subacute at base, moderate or rather small (2X4-5 or 3.5X6 cm.), ciliate and more or less minutely pubescent near the base, drying very thin and membranaceous, 7-nerved; petiole very slender, 2 to 5 em. long; spikes seapose, slender and elongate (1X80 mm.), rather closely flowered, the flowers separated by anastomosing papillate ridges; peduncle 3 to 5 cm. long; bracts round-peltate ; berries globose; stigma subapical. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715477, collected near San Felix, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5266). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 5. Peperomia cyclophylla Miquel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4°: 219, 1852. CanaL ZONE: Gorgona, Seemann 607, the type; Wagner. Gatuncillo, Piper 5652. East Paraiso, Standley 29987. Curriqui; Puerto Remedios, Pittier 3381. Chorrera, Killip 3408. Panama: Rio Tecumen, Standley 26542. Matias Her- nindez to Juan Diaz, Standley 31938. Rio Tapia, Standley 26195, 30670. 6. Peperomia subquadrifolia Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia quadrifolia Auct. as to Panama. A small, essentially glabrous, arboricolous mountain herb; stem slender, rooting from many nodes, repeatedly forking; leaves 3 to 7, commonly 4, at a node, obovate or oblong-obovate, revolutely emarginate and slightly hairy in the notch, subacute at base, minute or small (5X8-7X14 mm.), drying opaque and often pale, scarcely nerved; petiole very short (1-2 mm.); spikes terniinal, small (25 mm. long), rather closely flowered; peduncle slender, 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts round-peltate, slender, 10 to 15 mm. long; berries ovoid, with slender abrupt style and viscid pseudocupule; stigma apical. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 677591, collected at Los Siguas Camp, Cerro de la Horqueta, Chiriquf, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 3197). Currieuf: Without locality, Wagner. Cerro de la Horqueta, Mawon 5298, 5539. El Boquete, Killip 3534; Mazon 5013. 44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 7%. Peperomia quaternata Miquel in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 197, 1854. Curriqut: Wagner 302, in part. Volcano of Chiriqui, Seemann 895. RANGE: Panama and adjacent South America. 8. Peperomia sarcocarpa Trel., sp. nov. A moderately large, glabrous, assurgent herb, drying greenish, on rocks; stem moderately stout (3 to 6 or 8 mm.), rooting from the lower or even the upper nodes; leaves opposite, rhombic-obovate or rhombic-oblanceolate, conspicuously blunt-acuminate, subcuneate, moderately small (1.5 2.5-2 3-4 or 5 em.), dry- ing coriaceous, indistinctly 3 or 5-nerved; petiole scarcely over 2 mm. or on the lower leaves 10 to 20 mm. long; spikes terminal, slender and moderately elongate (2X70 mm.), rather loosely flowered; peduncle as thick as the rachis, 2 cm. long; bracts elliptic-peltate ; berries globose, red, and succulent; st'gma apical. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected near Penonomé, Province of Coclé, Panama, by R. 8S. Williams (no. 382). RANGE: South-central Panama. 9. Peperomia viridispica Trel., sp. nov. A rather large, glabrous, pendent, succulent, epiphytic herb; stem rather thick (3-5 mm.) ; leaves opposite or exceptionally 3 at a node, subrhombically lanceolate or oblanceolate, blunt-acuminate, subcuneate, rather large (1.5%3.5, 2X 4.5-3 X6.5 em.), drying rather thick and opaque, ind‘stinctly about 5-nerved ; petiole 5 to 10 mm. long. winged; spikes terminal and occasionally axillary, filiform (scareely. 270-100 mm.), loosely flowered, green; peduncle 1 to 2.5 em. long; bracts subelliptic-peltate; ovary ovoid, attenuate upward; stigma apical. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,154,147, collected at Balboa. Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 28550). CANAL ZONE: Balboa, Standley 27117, 28568. Panama: Tumba Muerta, Standley 29827. Las Sabanas to Matias Hernindez, Standley 31893. RanGE: Central Panama. 9a. Peperomia viridispica perejil Trel., var. nov. Erect, 60 cm. tall; leaves more commonly 3, exceptionally 4, at a node, blunter-po‘nted. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,153,969, collected on Taboga Island, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 27893). PanaMA: Taboga Island, Macbride 2808. RANGE: Southern Panama. 10. Peperomia seemanniana Miquel in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 198. pl. 37, 1854. Curriquf: Voleano of Chiriqui, Seemann 896. Cerro de la Horqueta, Pittier 3269. El Boquete, Pittier 2921; Mazon 5087; Killip 3542. 11. Peperomia glabrior (C. DC.) Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia palmana glabrior C. DC. Candollea 1: 304, 1923, An erect herb of the aspect of P. palmana; leaves somewhat larger (1.5-23- 5 em.), glabrous; spikes larger (2X40 mm.). Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 675770, collected on Cerro de la Horqueta, Ch'riqui, Panama, by William R. Maxon (no. 5401). CuHIrIQuf: Cerro de la Horqueta, Maxon 5541, 5553; Pittier 3217. El Boquete, Killip 3519. RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 12. Peperomia apoda Trel., sp. nov. A small stoloniferous mountain herb; stem slender (1-2 mm.), rooting from the lower nodes, minutely but densely puberulous; leaves 2 to 4 at a node, TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 45 oblong, rounded at both ends, sometimes emarginulate, minute (2X10 mm.), somewhat pale-granular beneath, glabrous, 1-nerved ; petiole almost suppressed; spikes terminal and from the upper axils, filiform (120-35 mm.), rather loosely flowered ; peduncle nearly suppressed (1-2 mm.) ; bracts round-peltate; ovary ovoid; stigma subapical. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,266,031, collected in valley of Rio Caldera, Chiriquf, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3514). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 13. Peperomia rotundifolia (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 65. 1816. Piper rotundifolium L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. Cotén: Rio Fat6, Pittier 3888. Cana. Zone: Frijoles, Pittier 3759. A wide-spread species, the prototype from Martinique, ranging from the Antilles to and well into South America in puzzling forms with leaves either orbicular or obovate. 14. Peperomia hygrophiloides C, DC. Candollea 1: 329, 392. 1923. Cuirigui: Cerro de la Horqueta, Pittier 3205, “3203.” Rio Caldera, Killip 3564. 15. Peperomia panamensis C, DC. Candollea 1: 329, 401. 1923. CaNnaL ZONE: Rio Indio de Gattn, Pittier 2789. 16. Peperomia stevensi Trel., sp. nov. A small, densely velvety, assurgent herb in tree tops; stem short, with short internodes; leaves alternate, clustered at end of the stem, elliptic or elliptic- ovate, subacute to acuminate, cordulate, rather small (2.5-3X46 cm.), paler beneath, drying green, submultiple-nerved from below the upper third, the branches of the midrib about 5X2; petiole 1.5 to 3 cm. long; spikes terminal, moderately large (260-70 mm.), closely flowered; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts round-peltate, drying thin and light yellow; berries globose, obliquely subtruncate; stigma anterior. Type in the herbarium of the University of Illinois, collected at Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by F. L. Stevens (no. 1247). Ranee: Central Panama. 17. Peperomia parietariaefolia Trel., sp. nov. A rather large, forking, glabrous herb; stem slender (1 mm.), or stout (5 mm.) below; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acuminate, typically acute at base, moderate (1.5-2.5X4-6 cm.), conspicuously 5-nerved, brown-granular beneath; petiole about 5 mm, long; spikes axillary, as yet immature and very small, with short peduncle; bracts round-peltate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,266,032, collected in valley of the Rio Caldera, between El Boquete and the cordillera, Chiriqui, Panama, by E. P. Killip (no. 3520). Rance: Southwestern Panama. 18. Peperomia conjungens Trel., sp. nov. A moderate-sized, repent-assurgent, merely ciliate, black or brown-punctulate herb; stem slender (1-2 mm.), ciliate-lined below the petiole margins, rooting from the nodes; leaves alternate, lanceolate to subrhombic-elliptic, acute or somewhat blunt-acuminate, rather acute at base, moderate (1.53, 24-6, or 2.5X6 cm.), 5 or 7-nerved, rather firm; petiole 5 to 10 or 15 mm. long, coarsely ciliate ; spikes terminal or also from the uppermost axil, rather small (as yet searcely 2X50 mm.), becoming loosely flowered; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts round-peltate; ovary ovoid; stigma oblique. 46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,215,950, collected on Barro Colo- rado Island in GatGn Lake, Canal Zone, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 31842). CANAL ZONE: Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25730, 29652. Frijoles, Standley 27411, in part. RANGE: Central Panama. 19, Peperomia leucosticta Trel., sp. nov. A rather small, assurgent, glabrous herb; stem slender (2 mm.), rooting from the lower nodes; leaves alternate, broadly rhombic, rhombic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, or obovate, blunt-acuminate, acute-based, rather small (1.5-22.5- 3.5 cm.), somewhat paler-granular beneath, 5-nerved; petiole 10 mm. long, decur- rent; spikes terminal and axillary, rather slender and elongate (scarcely 2X60 mm.), remotely flowered, the flowers in fusiform pits separated by broad flat anastomosing ridges; peduncle filiform, 10 to 15 mm, long; bracts small, round-peltate; ovary ovoid-pointed; stigma anterior. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in Panama by Sutton Hayes (no. 811). 20. Peperomia leucandra Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia glabella Auct. in part as to Panama. A rather small, repent or assurgent, black-punctulate herb; stem slender (about 1 mm.), occasionally slightly ciliate below the petiole margins, rooting from the nodes; leaves alternate, elliptic or lance-elliptic, more or less acumi- nate, acute-based, rather small (1.5-2X2.5-4.5 cm.), somewhat ciliate above, 5-nerved; petiole filiform, 5 mm. long, sometimes ciliate; spikes terminal and axillary, rather slender and elongate (1.550 mm.), moderately closely flow- ered; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts roundish-peltate; anthers often drying white (as in some other species) in contrast with the dark bracts; ovary ovoid, acuminate; stigma oblique. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715329, collected at San Felix, Chiriqui, Panama, by H. Pittier (no, 5148). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. 21. Peperomia fusco-ciliata Trel., sp. nov. A delicate black-punctulate repent herb; stem slender (1-2 mm.), rusty- ciliate below the petiole margins, rooting from the nodes; leaves alternate, ovate, acute, rounded or subacute at base, minute as represented (scarcely 7X11 mm.), 3-nerved, ciliate upward; petiole 5 mm. long, rusty-ciliate; spikes terminal and axillary, loosely flowered, small (when partly in flower 1X7 mm.); peduncle scarcely 5 mm. long; bracts round-peltate, black; ovaries ovoid, sunken in the rachis; stigma anterior. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected in Panama, 1859-60, by Sutton Hayes (no. 519). RANGE: Panama. 22. Peperomia percuneata T'rel., sp. nov. A rather small, prostrate or stoloniferous, black-punctulate herb; stem slender (1-2 mm.), sometimes slightly ciliate below the petiole margins, root- ing from the nodes; leaves alternate, rhombic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute or somewhat blunt-acuminate, cuneate, moderate or rather small (1X3- 1.5X5 em.), 3 or 5-nerved; petiole filiform, about 5 mm. long, occasionally ciliate; spikes terminal, filiform (190 mm.), at length rather loosely flowered ; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts round-peltate; ovary ovoid; stigma oblique. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715426, collected along the Rio Dupf, Chiriquf, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5224). RANGE: Southwestern Panama. TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA 47 23. Peperomia allagetacta C. DC. Candollea 1: 317, 378. 1923. Cuigiqui: El Potrero, Chiriqu{ Volcano, Pittier 3108. Cerro de la Hor- queta, Killip 3531. 24. Peperomia obscurifolia C. DC. Candollea 1: 357, 400. 1923. CANAL ZONE: Agua Clara, Trinidad River, Pittier 3982. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31333. Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25726. RANGE: Panama. 24a. Peperomia obscurifolia fatoana (C. DC.) Trel. Peperomia fatoana C. DC. Candollea 1: 357, 387. 1923. A small, softly white-hairy, epiphytic herb; stem rather slender (2 mm.), rooting from the nodes; leaves alternate, but the uppermost congested, lance- elliptic, acute at both ends, rather small (1X3 to scarcely 1.5X3.5 cem.), 5- nerved with the inner laterals from above the base, ciliolate upward, yellow- ing and sparsely hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole very short (3 mm.) ; spikes axillary and terminal, filiform and elongate (1X100 mm.) ; peduncle filiform, elongate (2-3 cm.), hairy; bracts round-obovate, peltate; berries globose, obliquely mucronulate; stigma subapical. CoL6N: Rio Faté, Pittier 3902. CanaL Zone: Agua Clara, Pittier 3983. RancGE: Central Panama. 24b. Peperomia obseurifolia minor Trel., var. nov. A reduced form of the Canal Zone. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected between Matachin and Las Cascadas, Canal Zone, Panama, by J. F. Cowell (no. 336). CANAL ZONE: Trinidad River, Pittier 3983. 25. Peperomia portobellensis Beurl. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1854: 147. 1856. CoLon: Porto Bello, Billberg. 26. Peperomia elata C. DC. Candollea 1: 355, 386. 1923. CuHIRIQui: El Boquete, Mazon 5582. 27. Peperomia pascuicola C. DC. Candollea 1: 352, 402. 1923. Curriqui: El Boquete, Pittier 2915a; Killip 3547. 28. Peperomia scandens Ruiz & Pav6én, Fl. Peruv. 1: 382. pl. 51, b. 1798. CANAL ZONE: Rio Indio de Gattin, Mazon 4857. Wide-spread from Peru, the type locality, to Nicaragua on the continent, and through the West Indies. A probably divisible species, of many synonyms. 29. Peperomia urocarpoides C. DC. Candollea 1: 362, 414. 1923. DarRi£EN: Cerro de Garagari, Sambti Basin, Pittier 5670. 30. Peperomia cordulatiformis Trel. Bot. Gaz. 78: 148. f. 19. 1922. CANAL Zone: Mamei Hill, Pittier 3806, 3467. 31. Peperomia cordulata C. DC. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 4: 137. 1866. CoL6n: Chagres, Fendler 265. 32. Peperomia variegata Ruiz & Pavén, Fl. Peruv. 1: 33. pl. 52, f. a. 1798. Curriqgui: El Boquete, Pittier 2984. A Peruvian species; rarely found in Central America. 33. Peperomia machaerodonta Trel., sp. nov. A rather small, suberect, arboricolous, glabrate herb; stem moderate (3 mm.); leaves alternate, round-elliptic, obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or acute at base, rather small (2.5X3.5-3X4 cm.), drying coriaceous but greenish, multiple-nerved, the basal nerves and branches of the midrib 2X2 each, appressed-puberulent beneath, especially on the nerves; petiole 48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM about 5 mm. long, winged; spikes terminal, rather thick and elongate (2X70 mm.) ; peduncle 2.5 cm. long; bracts round-peltate, about 9 in a whorl; berries ellipsoid, with an equilong, slightly curved, strong beak, at first in ellipsoid pits separated by narrow anastomosing ridges; stigma anterior, at base of the beak. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,266,033, collected in the valley of Rio Piarnasta, east of El Boquete, Chiriqui, Panama by E. P. Killip (no. 3528). Range: Southwestern Panama. 34. Peperomia dodecatheontophylla Trel., sp. nov. A rather small, glabrous, epiphytic herb; stem moderate (3 mm.), rooting from the lower nodes; leaves alternate, elliptic-subobovate, subacute, acute at base, rather large (3.5X7.5 to usually 5.5-6X11-12 cm.), fleshy, drying dull, chartaceous, and wrinkled beneath, obscurely pinnately veined to the middle, the branches of the midrib about 4X2; petiole 2.4 to 3.5 cm. long, winged above the middle; spikes axillary or terminal, 1 or 2 on a rather per- sistently 1 or 2 bracted stalk, rather slender and elongate (2-3 70-100 min.) ; peduncle rather long (4-5 cm.) ; bracts round-peltate; berries oblong-fusiform, the conical beak filiform-attenuate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 677275, collected along Rio Indio de Gattin, Canal Zone, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 2800). CoLé6n: Rio Indio de Faté6, Pittier 4263. Rance: East-central Panama. 35. Peperomia flavispica Trel., sp. nov. A rather large, glabrous, arboricolous herb; stem stout (5-10 mm.), rooting from the nodes, with very short, erect, leafy branches; leaves alternate, ellip- tic-subobovate, subacute, acuminately attenuate at base, large (6X12-10X20 em. or more), fleshy, drying rather glossy, coriaceous, and wrinkled beneath, obscurely pinnate-veined to beyond the middle, the delicate branches of the midrib about 6X2; petiole 5 to 12 cm. long, winged upward; spikes axillary (?) or terminal, slender and long (scarcely 3X100 mm. or more), yellow; peduncle rather short (2-3 ecm.), red; bracts round-peltate, small, about a dozen to the pseudo-whorl; ovary oblong, slender-beaked; stigma anterior at base of the beak. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 1,153,501, collected along the Rio Tapia, Province of Panama, Panama, by Paul C. Standley (no. 26196). CanaL ZoNE: Las Cascadas Plantation, Standley 25729. Rance: Central Panama. 36. Peperomia acuminatifolia Trel., sp. nov. An assurgent (?), essentially glabrous herb; stem succulent, rather stout (3-4 mm.); leaves alternate, oblanceolate-obovate, sharply acuminate, sub- cuneate from about the middle, rather large (about 4X9 em.), drying rather coriaceous, very indistinctly pinnate-veined below about the middle, the deli- cate branches of the midrib about 5X2, sparingly ciliolate; petiole 1 to 2 cm. long, winged; spikes terminal, moderately thick and elongate (3X75 mm.), subacute; peduncle 2 cm. long; bracts round-peltate. Type in the herbarium of Columbia College, New York Botanical Garden, collected in Panama by Sutton Hayes (no. 817). Rance: Panama. 87. Peperomia williamsii Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous, subsimple, rather large, succulent herb growing on trees; stems stout (nearly 1 em.); leaves alternate, obovate-elliptic, rounded or slightly TRELEASE—PIPERACEAE OF PANAMA - 49 emarginate at apex, somewhat abruptly contracted to the broadly winged petiole, large (10-11X15 cm. or more), impressed-punctulate, very obscurely pinnate-veined, slightly revolute; petiole long (8-12 cm.); spikes mostly paired at the upper nodes of a stout zigzag 1-leaved prolongation of the stem, moderately thick and long (2-3100 mm.), obtuse; peduncle long (3-4.5 em.) ; bracts round-peltate; berries honey-colored, conic-ovoid, tapering into a nearly equilong, stout, conic beak, the stigma anterior on the lower part of the beak. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected at Bis- marck, Province of Coclé, Panama, by R. 8. Williams (no. 433). Rance: Southern Panama. 38. Peperomia oblongibacca C. DC. Candollea 1: 288, 400. 1923. CoL6n: Rio Faté6, Pittier 3891. 39. Peperomia piperorum Trel., sp. nov. A moderately large, succulent, glabrous, pendent, arboricolous herb; stem moderate (3 mm.), more or less scurfy-exfoliating; leaves alternate, sub- sessile, lanceolate, sharply long-acuminate, subacute at base, moderate (1.5X4 em.) or becoming rather large (fully 2X6 cm.), drying opaque and thick and somewhat yellowish and granular beneath, pinnately veined, the branches of the midrib about 3X2; petiole thick, scarcely 2 mm. long; spikes terminal on the short narrow-bracted apex, moderately slender and short (2X 40-60 mm.), closely flowered; peduncle slender, 1 cm. long; bracts large, round-peltate; berry reddish, oblong, short and thick, acuminately oblique- truncate; stigma central on the scutulum. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,166,334, collected along Rio Agua Salud, near Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama, by C. V. Piper (no. 6035). RanGE: Central Panama. 40. Peperomia ciliolibractea C. DC. Candollea 1: 360, 383. 1923. PanaMA: Charara River near Chepo, Pittier 4712. CaNnaL Zone: Las Cas- cadas Plantation, Standley 25731. 41. Peperomia caudulilimba C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 21: 269. 1920. CaNnAL ZONE: Rio Indio de Gattn, Pittier 2788. 41a. Peperomia caudulilimba marragantina C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 21: 269. 1920. PaNAMA: Marraganti, Williams 694. 41b. Peperomia caudililimba cryptopoda Trel., var. nov. Peperomia glabriramea Auct. as to Panama. A moderate-sized repent herb, rooting from the nodes; stem moderate (3-4 mm.), glabrous, or pubescent below the petiole margins; leaves alternate, lanceolate, gradually acuminate, somewhat rounded at base, rather large (2.5-4.5 X8-11 cm.), pinnately veined from below about the middle, the delicate branches of the midrib 3 or 4X2, glabrous; petiole very short (scarcely 5 mm.), sometimes ciliate; spikes solitary or paired on sparsely hairy, bracted stalks less than 5 mm. long, filiform and elongate (1110 mm.); peduncle very short (5 mm.) ; bracts round-peltate; berries obconical-oblong, truncately scutulate with short horizontal beak; stigma anterior. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 715837, collected at Boca de Pauarand6, Sambi River, Darién, Panama, by H. Pittier (no. 5571). CANAL ZONE: Rio Indio de Gattin, Maxon 4864. RANGE: Panama. 50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 4lc. Peperomia caudulilimba longependula C. DC. Ann. Cons, Jard. Bot. Genéve 21: 269. 1920. CaNnaL ZONE: Fort Sherman, Standley 31118. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31321. 42. Peperomia cylindribacca C. DC. Candollea 1: 370, 385. 1923. CnyirIqui: San Felix, Pittier 5278. 43. Peperomia gatunensis C. DC. Candollea 1: 363, 389. 1923. PanaMA: Seemann 608. CanaL Zone: Gorgona to Gattn, Pittier 2280. Rio Indio de Gattin, Mazon 4818. Barro Colorado Island, Standley 31356. Cocié: Penonomé, Williams 366. 44, Peperomia mameiana C. DC. Candollea 1: 290, 396. 1923. CaNnaL ZONE: Mamei Hill, Pittier 3805. INDEX {Synonyms in italics] Page Artanthe calocoma _._____----__-- 26 | Peperomia—Continued. crassispicata ~-.--_--..-.______ 24 percuneata___ -- imperialis____-._._-_-_---_______-_ 40 piperorum__ -.-- -- seemanniana ____------_.---~- 40 portobellensis_ septuplinervia______-_-----____ 33 quadrifolia______._----______ tricuspig_____-.----._----____ 25 quaternata - trinervia____-_.-._-----__-____- 29 rotundifolia --------- ++ Heckeria peltata_.-.--__-_--_____- 16 sarcocarpa -- -- umbellata_____--___-_______-- 16 scandens_________--- Killip, EB, P_---------__-___--__-_ 15 seemanniana_________________ Lepianthes peltatum__--__________ 16 stevensi___-_________ - umbellatum______--__________ 16 subquadrifolia__ Maxon, William R____-_____-_____ 15 umbellata____ -- Peperomia ______---______________ 15, 40 urocarpoides ___ acuminatifolia___._____________ 48 variegata_______--___-_______ allagotacta____________--__--_ 47 viridispica___._______-____.___ apoda ___-____-__-__ 44 perejil ---- eee brevipeduncula________________ 43 williamsii.____-__---____-_____ eaudulilimba _--------________ 49 | Piper ~-__----__----__ eryptopoda-______________ 49 acuminatissimum latifolium____ longependula_____-___--__ 50 acutissimum —~~________-_____. marragantina _.._-_______ 49 aduncum _~_-------__-.--_____ ciliolibractea_________.-______ 49 laevifolium___.--_________ conjungens______-___---______ 45 aequale_______----_--__-__ cordulata____-_--___-__-____-- 47 amphioxys --.._______________ cordulatiformis__..--_._--_-__ 47 laurifolium ~_..__..______ cyclophylla-___-____--__----__ 43 amphoricarpum___--__._______ cylindribacca__._--_----__.__- 50 auritum _______ -- dodecatheontophylla___________ 48 seemannianum —._--__-___ elata__----__------ eee 47 barbinerve —wae fatoana______------__--__---- 47 bigelovii__._.__--.---_-__--_-- flavispica ________-____-________ 48 breve______---~~-__-- fusco-ciliata__--__----__----_- 46 bellae-vistae_______-______ gatunensis ~._._._____-_--_-____ 50 divaricatum______--___-__ glabella________-------_--__-- 46 pallidineurum glabrior _-__------__----_-_-- 44 \pseudo-dumeticola ________ glabriramea__-_-------------- 49 pseudo-fatoanum__________ heydei brevipeduncula_______-- 43 eallibracteum _ hygrophiloides______._._______-- 45 calocoma __ - -- hymenodes-___----__-__----_- 43 casimirianum killipi _--__--_-_--___---______ 43 cativalense___________-______- leucandra____----____-----__- 46 chagresianum ~________--___-- leucosticta_______--------_--- 46 chamissonis rubellibracteum machaerodonta__________-__-- 47 changuinolanum______________ mameiana ____-____-_____--_-_ 50 chiriquinum___________-_____- oblongibacca___..._.__.-_----- 49 citrifolium panamense________-~ obscurifolia__--....__----____ 47 colonense__________----____-- fatoana _______--____---- 47 cordulatum ~_______-__-_--__- minor__-_-----__------_- 47 granulatum —~_____________ palmana glabrior.__-__--__--- 44 crassispicatum_________--_____ panamensis____________-____- 45 culebranum _____~- parietariaefolia__._.._.__.______-- 45 darienense _.----_____________ pascuicola ~.--__-.--_------__ 47 tricuspe _________-_______ pellucida__________----_------ 42 davidianum___-_-- minor______---_----_--_~- 43 diazanum_____._____.________ pygmaea_-__--__--------- 43 dumeticola panamense________- peltata__._________________-- 16 dunlapi-_____----_-_----.-__- 15, VIII INDEX Page Piper—Continued. elongatum _____-_---_--------- 36 brachyarthrum_-_-_---------- 37 laevifolium _______-_----_-_- 37 erectamentum___---_--------- 31 falcifolium_______-_----------- 25 fatoanum_______----_-_--~---- 37 garagaranum__—----__-------- 28 gatunemse ________----------- 27 genioulatum _-_-------------- 25 gonocarpum_-___-------------- 28 grandifolium____--------~----- 23 hayesii ____._----------------- 39 hirtellipetiolum_____-___------ 30 hispidum gamboanum ____--_-- 36 imperiale________---- eee 40 incurvum___-_.-------------- 17 infraluteum___.__-----_------ $3. killipi____-_---.___---_-----_--- 33 calderanum ______-__----- 3 ladrillense_______-__-___-_--- 27 laevibracteum___-_----_------ 26 lanceolatum______--_---_------ 24 tricuspe ~~ .--. ------- 25 latibracteum _______-_--__-__- 28 laxispicum____----.--_------- 24 latifolium_________..___- _- 24 linearifolium__-_-_-______--~- 37 lucaeanum _____-.----------~-- 25 lucigaudens___--__----------- 32 magnantherum ___________-- —_ 28 marginatum _ —~.-__-_----------- 21 maxonii ___-___--------------- 40 minutispicum _...-_-__-_------ 29 naranjoanum___--.-_-_-_----- 17 nitidifolilum_____-__-__-----_- 31 non-retrorsum__-—~-_--__------ 36 obaldianum ~_______------.--- 35 oblitum ~_--_-__--_----------- 22 pallidibracteum ___--_.---_--- 32 palmasanum _________-----_-- 23 panamense____-----~- wea eee 33 papyraceum_—__-___---_---__- 31 paulownifolium______________~ 23 pellucidum____-__--__--------- 42 peltatum ____-----~---------- 16 peracuminatum_________------ 35 persubulatum __-__-_-_--_-_~~ 33 pervelutinum_______-_________ 39 pervenosum____-_----------~-- 22 pilosiusculum —_-____--__--__-_ 39 pinoganense_______----------- 22 polyneurum___~--~_~--__---.-- 26 portobellense____---_--_-----.-- 40 pseudo-cativalense _________-~-- 34 pseudo-garagaranum-_-_---___~-_ 28 Piper—Continued. pseudo-propinquum__—-__------- pseudo-variabile____-___-_------ pseudo-variabile collium_—-__-_- pachypus__-___-----_----- pubistipulum____.____-------- estylosum_—__-_---------- reptabundum_____------------ rotundifolium____-_---------- _- salicinum____-._------------- sambuanum__~-_-----------.-- sancti-felicis__._.._____------ -- san-joseanum_—.___-_--------- aristolochiaefolium__-——---- san-lorenzanum_—___-_-------- scabrilimbum________-_------- septuplinervium_____-___------ smilacifolium____.___-____----- sperdinum_-__---------------- stevensi____________--__------ storkii _..._-._.__-___-_--_------ subeaudatum____-----------~.-- subdilatatum_______-______-_.-- subnudibracteum____-_--------- subnudispicum_--_------------ subtrinerve_______--_______--- harveyanum______-__------ taboganum_______--_--------- tapianum___---_------------.-- tecumense____-__--_-------- -- tenuimucronatum____--_----.-- trachydermum_______--_------ trichopus______-----_-----~.-- tricuspe___._-_-_------------ — turbense___._.______--------- umbellatum__.-------------.-- variabile......---_----------- veraguense_______-----_------ villiramulum_—.-----+-----~.-- gamboanum_____------~.-- viridicaule_____-__-_-____-___~.-- vitabundum __________-- a mew whee wagneri_____________-----~--- minutispicum_______------ williamsii_._...___.__-___-_----- Piper, C. V____--_-------------- _— Pittier, H__------__---------------- Pothomorphe-__-~-__-----~---------- peltata________--___-------.-- umbellata______.__--_-------~-- Sarcorhachis_—__--_--------------- incurva_—-___--_------------- naranjoana______--------~---- ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY v SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VoLUME 26, Part 3 COSTA RICAN MOSSES COLLECTED BY PAUL C. STANDLEY IN 1924-1926 By EDWIN B. BARTRAM UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1928 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM II PREFACE The present installment of the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium consists of an account, by Edwin B. Bartram, of a collection of mosses obtained in Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley, associate curator of the National Herbarium. The collection was made during an investigation of the flowering plants in two visits to Costa Rica in the early part of 1924 and the winter of 1925-26. Two hundred seventy-two species and varieties are enumerated, over one-third of which are new to Costa Rica. Many of them are South American species, not previously recorded from North America. In addition, Mr. Bartram describes 42 new species and varieties and one new genus from Costa Rica. The wet mountain forests of Central America are rich in mosses, especially in epiphytic forms. No student of this group of plants has ever collected in the region, except in Panama, and there is every reason to expect that when a specialist in mosses explores Central America thoroughly it will be found to yield a very large number of species at present unknown. Freperick V. Covit_e, Jurator of the United States National Herbarium. II Introduct CONTENTS ion eee. List of species. .___.-------------------------------- eee ee Index -__- FIGURE ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT FIGURES . Dicranella standleyi Bartr._......-------.-----.---------- . Campylopus standleyt Bartr -----.__--------------- ------- . Campylopus standleyi var. lutescens Bartr_._..----------_-- Campylopus atratus Bartr..-..-.__..--.-..--------------- Campylopus costaricensis Bartr..__.____-_____._.--_------ . Campylopus straminifolius Bartr___...------------ -- ioe . Campylopus falcatulus Bartr_....__.-._-.------------------ . Dicranodontium meridionale Bartr...-.....---------------- . Holomitrium standleyi Bartr_-.- ~~ Ween eee eee ee ee . Holomitrium williamsi Bartr_......._..-_-_-__-------------- . Dicranoloma brittonae Bartr____________----.- ee eee . Dicranoloma setaceum Bartr._.....-2-.----.--- ------ eee eee . Syrrhopodon cristatus Bartr._....-.--.------.------------ . Syrrhopodon theriott Bartr.___--_- wh eee ee ee wee eee eee . Leptodontium sulphureum var. flagellaceum Bartr-_----------- . Brachymenium viviparum Bartr__.._-..-_.---.------------ . Brachymenium standleyi Bartr._............------------- . . Anomobryum costaricense Bartr_.._....____-_---_-----.-.--- . Macromitrium verrucosum Bartr._____._.._._-------------- . Macromitrium fusco-aureum Bartr.......-.---------------- . Macromitrium subcirrhosum C. M___----.------- (oe eee . Macromitrium williamsi Bartr_...__. .._-.-_-.---------__.---- . Macromitrium standleyi Bartr._.._-.......-..._-._--------- . Macromitrium standleyt var. subundulatum Bartr____.._____- . Macromitrium hirtellum Bartr.._-..____-- ~---------------- . Macromitrium mammillosum Bartr __.....-.-------------- . Macromitrium costaricense Bartr -..--.._.___------------- . Macromitrium fuscescens Bartr _........_._--------------- . A. Lepyrodon tomentosus var. latifolius Bartr. B—E. Prionodon densus var. crispatulus Bartr _.___..-------------------- . A-F. Pilotrichum pallidum Bartr. G—J. Cyclodictyon brittonae Bartr __..-._____--------_____------______---_.__---_-_- VI Ficure 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. ILLUSTRATIONS Dalionia aristifolia Bartr ___.-.------------------------- A-E. Hookeriopsis standleyi Bartr. F-L. Hookeriopsis obtusi- folia Bartr___._----------.--------- Lepidopilum carneum Bartr.....--------------. Neohypnella mucronifolia Bartr_-_-.--..-..-------------- Eurhynchium exasperatum (Hampe) Jaeg.--------------- A-E. Brotherella minutula Bartr. F, G. Hypnum polypterum var. robustum Bartr.......--------------------------- Glossadelphus longisetus Bartr__------------------- — - Isopterygium integrifolium Bartr.....-------------------- A-E. Isopterygium cylindricarpum Card. F-J. M icrotham- nium laculum Bartr COSTA RICAN MOSSES COLLECTED BY PAUL C. STANDLEY IN 1924-1926 By Epwin B. Bartram INTRODUCTION The mosses collected in Costa Rica by Mr. Standley comprise about 1,300 numbers, representing 272 species and varieties, collected in an area extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, including the Provinces of Limon, Cartago, San Jose, Alajuela, Heredia, and Guanacaste. They represent a very sensible and important addition to our knowledge of the moss flora of Central America. The collection forms a comprehensive cross section of the entire country from sea level on both sides to the higher altitudes in the interior, including the only known paramos north of the Isthmus of Panama. The higher tropical mountains are famous collecting grounds for bryologists, and the humid forests of Costa Rica, at elevations of from 2,000 to 3,000 meters, are evidently no exception, for they proved to be the most productive of new species and of types pre- viously known only from the cordilleran regions of South America. Among the South American species that seem not to have been recorded before from Central America are: Fissidens flexinervis, Holo- mitrium longifolium, Ochrobryum obtusifolium, Leucobryum erispum, Leucobryum martianum, Octoblepharum mittenit, Leptodontium filescens, Funaria bonplandii, Tayloria scabriseta, Rhizogonium mnioides, Bar- tramia defoliata, Breutelia chrysea, Macromitrium didymodon, Lepyrodon tomentosus, Prionodon luteovirens, Prionodon fusco-lutescens, Eucatagonium politum, Porotrichum plicatulum, Cyclodictyon rubri- setum, Hookeriopsis variabilis, Thamniopsis pendula, Hypnella pilifera, Meiotheciopsis lageniformis, and Glossadelphus truncatulus. The facts are suggestive, and one can not well avoid the conclusion that this moss flora, as a whole, has a closer and much more logical bond with South America, and to a lesser degree with the Antilles, than with the arid table-lands of central Mexico, in which a group of rather isolated types has been evolved to meet the more exacting 51 52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM conditions of growth and reproduction. The sporadic occurrences of a few North American species, such as Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranella rufescens, and Sphagnum recurvum, probably represent remnants of a wider geographical distribution, that have found con- genial habitats favorable to existence. Mr. Standley’s explorations extended into virgin country never before visited by botanists, and a considerable percentage of the mosses he collected represent the following new species and varieties described below for the first time: Dicranella standleyi, Campylopus standleyi, Campylopus standleyt var. lutescens, Campylopus atratus, Campylopus costaricensis, Campylopus straminifolius, Campylopus falcatulus, Dicranodontium meridionale, Holomitrium williamsi, Holo- mitrium standleyi, Dicranoloma brittonae, Dicranoloma setaceum, Syrrhopodon cristatus, Syrrhopodon therioti, Leptodontium sulphureum var. flagellaceum, Brachymenium viviparum, Brachymenium standleyt, Anomobryum costaricense, Macromitrium standleyi, Macromitrium standleyi var. subundulatum, Macromitrium verrucosum, Macromitrvum fusco-aureum, Macromitrium fuscescens, Macromitrium williamsi, Macromitrium mammillosum, Macromitrium costaricense, Macromitrvum hirtellum, Lepyrodon tomentosus var. latifolius, Prionodon densus var. crispatulus, Meteoriopsis patula var. congesta, Pilotrichum pallidum, Daltonia aristifolia, Cyclodictyon brittonae, Hookeriopsis standleyi, Hookeriopsis obtusifolia, Lepidopilum carneum, Thuidium miradoricum var. gracilescens, Brotherella minutula, Glossadelphus longisetus, Hypnum polypterum var. robustum, Isopterygium integrifolium, Microthamnium larulum; also the genus Neohypnella with the species Neohypnella mucronifolia. Types of all of these species are in the National Her- barium, United States National Museum, and in the herbarium of the writer. Many of the species described by Renauld and Cardot! and by Brotherus and Thériot? are again represented here and, while at -least one-third of the species in the accompanying list seem not to have been recorded before from Costa Rica, there is every reason to think that further explorations, especially in the more inaccessible parts, will add still more abundantly to the moss flora of this rich and interesting country. The preponderance of tree-growing mosses is characteristic of trop- ical and subtropical regions, and this collection is especially rich in thesétypes. There are fine, full series of such genera as Macromitrium, Prionodon, Holomitrium, Campylopus, etc., and I have prepared keys to these and other groups in an effort to present the natural relation- ship of the species to the best advantage. 1 Bulletin de la Société royal de botanique de Belgique 31: 143-173. 1893; 82: 174-201. 1894; 41: 125-148. 2 Société Havraise d’études diverses 1921: 307-315. 1921. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 53 The sequence of the genera is in the order used by Brotherus in Engler and Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien, edition 2, volumes 10 and 11, and, with few exceptions, the nomenclature is in accordance with this work. Full data for the collections cited are given in the following list: ALTO DELA Estretua. Alto de la Estrella, Province of Cartago, March 26-27, 1924. Paul C. Standley, collector. Ev Arenau. El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 485 to 600 meters, January 18-19, 1926. Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, collectors. BretwrEEn Aserri AND TarBaca. Between Aserri and Tarbaca, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,200 to 1,700 meters, December 6, 1925. Paul C. Standley. Los Ayotes. Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 21,1926. Standley and Valerio. Camino DE HatitLo. Camino de Hatillo, near San Jose, altitude 1,200 meters, January 29,1924. Paul C. Standley. Vicinity of Capuuin. Vicinity of Capulin, on the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, Province of Alajuela, altitude 80 meters, April 2, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Near CarMEN Sration. Near Carmen Station, on the Indiana Branch, Province of Limon, February 20,1926. Standley and Valerio. CERRO DE LA CaRpPINTERA. Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, February, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Crrro DE LAs Caricias. Cerro de las Caricias, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, March 11, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Crrro DE LAS Lasas. Cerro de las Lajas, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, March 7, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Cerro DE Pirpra Bianca. Cerro de Piedra Blanca, above Escasu, Province of San Jose, January 31,1924. Paul C. Standley. Crrro pg LAs VueE.LTAs. Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, altitude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, December 29, 1925, to Januaty 1,1926. Standley and Valerio. Crerros pE Zuraur. Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, March 3, 1926. Standley and Valerio. La CotomsBiana Farm. La Colombiana Farm of the United Fruit Company, Province of Limon, altitude 70 meters, March 6-7, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Dutce Nomsre. Dulce Nombre, Province of Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters, February 27,1924. Paul C. Standley. 54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Reaion oF La Espmranza. Region of La Esperanza, southern slope of Volcan de Irazu, February 23, 1924. Paul C. Standley. La Estretua. La Estrella,“Province of Cartago, March 26-27, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Near Finca La Crma. Near Finca La Cima, above Los Lotes, north of El Copey, Province of San Jose, altitude 2,100 tp 2,400 meters, December 21-22, 1925. Paul C. Standley. Finca Las Concavas. Finca Las Concavas, Province of Cartago, altitude 1,200 to 1,300 meters, December 7-8,1925. Paul C. Standley. Finca Montecristo. Finca Montecristo, on the Rio Reventazon, below Cairo, Province of Limon, altitude 25 meters, February 18-19, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Vicinity OF Fraisanus. Vicinity of Fraijanes, Province of Ala- juela, altitude 1,500 to 1,700 meters, February 12-13, 1926. Paul C. Standley and Ruben Torres Rojas. Vicinity oF GuaPites. Vicinity of Guapiles, Province of Limon, altitude 300 to 500 meters, March 12-13, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Hampure Finca. Hamburg Finca, on the Rio Reventazon, below Cairo, Province of Limon, altitude 55 meters, February 19, 1926. Standley and Valerio. La Honpura. La Hondura, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, March 2-4, 1924. Paul C. Standley. LAGUNA DE LA CHonta. Laguna de la Chonta, northeast of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, altitude 2,000 to 2,100 meters, December 18, 1925. Paul C. Standley. Lacuna DE LA Escuapra. In dense oak and bamboo forest near Laguna de la Escuadra, northeast of El Copey, Province of San Jose, altitude 2,000 to 2,200 meters, December 16, 1925. Paul C. Standley. Ku Mvfteco. El Mufieco, south of Navarro, Province of Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters, February 8-9, 1924. Paul C. Standley; March 6-7, 1926, Standley and Torres. Narangos Aarios. Naranjos. Agrios, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 29, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Las Nuses. Las Nubes, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,500 to 1,900 meters, March 20-22, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Vicinity oF Orosr. Vicinity of Orosi, Province of Cartago, March 30,1924. Paul C. Standley. La Pauma. La Palma, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,600 meters, March 17, 1924. Paul C. Standley. QUEBRADA SERENA. Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, Prov- ince of Guanacaste, altitude 700 meters, January 27, 1926. Standley and Valerio. QueBRaDILLAS. Oak forest near Quebradillas, about 7 km. north of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,800 meters, December 24, 1925. Paul C. Standley. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 55 AtonG THE Rio Maria Acuitar. Along the Rio Maria Aguilar, near San Jose, altitude about 1,200 meters, March 25, 1924. Paul ©. Standley. Atona Rio Reventapo. Along the Rio Reventado, north of Car- tago, altitude 1,450 to 1,650 meters, February 26,1926. Standley and Valerio. Rio Brrris. Rio Birris, southern slope of Volean de Irazu, Feb- ruary 23,1924. Paul C. Standley. Vicinity oF PrstvauLe. Vicinity of Pejivalle, Province of Car- tago, altitude 900 meters, February 7-8, 1926. Standley and Valerio. BrTweEEN SAN Pepro Montes DE Oca AND CURRIDABAT. Between San Pedro Montes de Oca and Curridabat, Province of San José, alti- tude 1,200 meters, February 2, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Vicinity oF SAN SepastTIAN. Vicinity of San Sebastian, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,160 meters, February 23, 1926. Paul C. Standley. Vicinity or Santa Maria DE Dota. Vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, December 14-26, 1925. Standley and Valerio. Ex Sitencio. El Silencio, near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 750 meters, January 13, 1926. Standley and Valerio. La Tresona. La Tejona, north of Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 25, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Vicinity or TiLarRAN. Vicinity of Tilaran, Province of Guana- caste, altitude 500 to 650 meters, January 10-31, 1926. Standley and Valerio. La Venrouera. La Ventolera, on the southern slope of the Vol- can de Poas, altitude 1,700 meters, February 17-18, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Viento Fresco. Viento Fresco, Province of Alajuela, altitude 1,600 to 1,900 meters, February 13, 1926. Standley and Torres. Voutcan DE Poas. Upper slopes of Volcan de Poas, between the hotel and the crater, altitude 2,500 to 2,640 meters, February 17, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Voucan DE TuRRIALBA. Southern slopeof the Volcan de Turrialba, near the Finca del Volcan de Turrialba, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, February 22, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Yersa Buena. Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, altitude 2,000 meters, February 22-28, 1926. Standley and Valerio. Vicinity oF Zapore. Vicinity of Zapote, Province of San Jose, altitude about 1,200 meters, April 4, 1924. Paul C. Standley. Zurqui. Zurqui, Province of San Jose, altitude 2,500 meters, February 13, 1926. Standley and Valerio. 56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM It has been indeed a privilege to work with a collection such as Mr. Standley has made. The selections reflect care and judgment, the specimens are abundant, clean, very little mixed, and well prepared, and the series is undoubtedly among the most instructive and com- prehensive that has ever come out of Central America. I am very grateful to Mrs. Elizabeth G. Britton and Mr. R. S. Williams, of the New York Botanical Garden, for pertinent sugges- tions and for the loan of type specimens, particularly those from the Mitten Herbarium, for critical comparative studies, and to Mr. Standley, Dr. William R. Maxon, and the authorities of the National Museum for the loan of specimens and for help in various ways. LIST OF SPECIES Sphagnaceae Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. Muse. Recent. 2!: 24, 1798. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43657a, 43861, 43918a. Distrisution: North America; Bermuda; South America; Europe; Asia. This seems to be the first record for Central America. Sphagnum recurvum Beauv. Prodr. Aethéog. 88. 1805. Volean de Poas, no. 34844; Laguna de la Chonta, nos. 42315, 42328. DistripuTion: Cuba; Panama; South America; Europe; Asia; North America. Dr. Andrews tells me that this species has recently turned up in Panama and Cuba, so that its occurrence in Costa Rica is not unexpected. The chlorophyll cells of the branch leaves are exposed only on the outer surface, a character that seems to distinguish this species from S. cuspidatum Ehrh., with which it is obviously very closely allied. Sphagnum meridense (Hampe) C. M. Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 95. 1848. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43926, 43614, 43657, 43860, 43648, 43603, 43608, 43501, 43689, 43683, 43811, 43843; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42337; Volcan de Poas, no. 34922. Disrrisution: Florida; West Indies; Mexico; Central America; South America. Andreaeaceae Andreaea turgescens Schimp. in C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 2: 515. 1851. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43610. Distrisution: Mexico. Apparently the first record for this species outside of Mexico. Fissidentaceae Fissidens tortilis Hampe & C. M. Bot. Zeit. 22: 340. 1864. Dulce Nombre, no. 35944a. DistTRIBUTION: Mexico. Fissidens asplenioides (Swartz) Hedw. Descr. Musc. Frond. 3: 65. 1801. Rio Reventado, nos. 49394, 49554; Zurqui, no. 48110; Dulee Nombre, no. 35944c; Las Nubes, nos. 38407, 38578; La Hondura, no. 36549; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 51972 (forma); Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35295; Yerba Buena, no. 49760. DistrisuTion: Jamaica; Costa Rica; South America; Africa; Sumatra; Java; Queensland. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 57 Fissidens oerstedianus C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 2: 529. 1851. Finca la Cima, no. 42799; La Estrella, no. 39405; Zurqui, no. 48086; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50397; El Mufieco, no. 33879; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51479. DistripuTion: Costa Rica. There is very little to separate satisfactorily this species from F. polypodioides (Swartz) Hedw., and I am strongly tempted to believe that it is merely a poorly defined form of the latter species. Fissidens flexinervis Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 588. 1869. El Mufieco, no. 51254a. These specimens agree with Spruce 493, from the Rio Negro, except that the leaf cells average somewhat larger and the costa disappears clear below the apex in all the leaves. DistrisuTion: South America. Ditrichaceae Ceratodon stenocarpus B. 8. G. Bry. Eur. (29-30) Cerat. 4. 1846. Finca la Cima, nos. 42579, 42699; Rio Reventado, no. 49496; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35298. Distrisution: Mexico; Central America; South America; Corsica; Portugal; Africa; Asia. Dicranaceae Aongstroemia jamaicensis C. M. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 554. 1897. Rio Birris, no. 35407; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35269. DistTrRiBuTION: Jamaica; Mexico. The first record for this species south of Mexico. Dicranella herminieri Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot. 3: 180. 1876. La Colombiana Farm, no. 37305. DistTRisuTion: Southern United States; West Indies; Mexico; Costa Rica. Dicranella heteromalla (L.) Schimp. Coroll. Bry. Eur. 13. 1855. Volcan de Poas, no. 34899. DistrisuTion: North America; Costa Rica; Europe; Asia. Dicranella hilariana (Mont.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 31. 1869. Between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 41327. Distrisution: Southern United States; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America. Dicranella rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp. Coroll. Bry. Eur. 13. 1855. Volean de Turrialba, no. 35293. Distrisution: North America; Europe; Asia. Dicranella standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 1. Dioicous. Male plants mixed with the fruiting plants, 4 to 5 mm. high; antheridial flower terminal; bracts abruptly subulate acuminate from a broad, clasping base; antheridia about 20, averaging 0.6 mm. long, with numerous fili- form paraphyses of equal length or shorter. Fertile plants about 1 cm. high, in rather dense, yellowish green, silky tufts, sparingly radiculose at the extreme base; stem leaves from a short, erect, oblong or obovate base abruptly narrowed to a flat, linear, setaceous point composed almost entirely of the excurrent costa; lower leaf cells long-rectangular, firm, becoming shorter and more incrassate in the shoulders of the leaf, with the marginal row subquadrate; costa about 100 w wide at the base, indistinct below, tapering upwards and excurrent from a little above the shoulder of the leaf or indistinctly margined with a single row of shorter cells; margins plane below, revolute just above the shoulders and flat above, sparingly serrulate at the extreme apex, entire below; cells of the upper lamina short-rectangular and chlorophyllose; perichaetial leaves similar to the stem leaves but with a longer, convolute-clasping base; seta pale yellow, erect, 58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 1 cm. long; capsule oblong, strumose, inclined, 1.5 mm, long, smooth or lightly ribbed when old and empty, without stomata; annulus large; lid obliquely rostrate, about equalling the capsule; peristome teeth vertically striate more than halfway up, divided to about the middle into slender papillose forks; spores rough, about 18 u in diameter. Type: Wet bank, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, February 22 to 28, 1926, no, 50086. This species is very distinct from D. perrottetii (Mont.) Mitt. in the shape of the leaves and in the long excurrent costa. Fig. 1.—Dicranella standleyi Bartr. A, fruiting plant, natural size; B, moist, operculate capsule, X 5.5; C, two leaves, x 9; D, part of peristome, X 80; F, apex of leaf, X 240; F, shoulder of leaf, * 240 Key To THE Costa RIcAN SPECIES OF CAMPYLOPUS Costa without stereid bands in upper half of leaf. .(PspuDOCAMPYLOPUS.) C. chrismari. Sosta with stereid bands. Stereid bands on dorsal side of costa only. (KUCAMPYLOPUS.) Leaves without hyaline hair-points. Basal cells with pitted lateral walls__--__-__-_-- ___...©. hoffmanni. Basal cells with nearly straight lateral walls. Leaves up to 15 or 20 mm. long; costa up to 1 mm. broad or more. C. standleyi. Leaves not over 10 mm. long; costa much narrower. Plants commonly fertile. Sosta 200 u wide or more near the base. Basal cells short. Costa 400 » wide or more___-_- __C. straminifolius. Costa about 200 u wide-_. ___.C. subleucogaster. . Basal cells elongate ___ eee eee _._C, flexuosus. Costa 150 wu wide or less, near the base_____-~- - Plants commonly sterile; costa 300 to 600 u wide. Stems 1 to 2 cm. high; costa 300 to 400 uw wide. -.----- C. roellii. Stems taller; costa 500 to 600 » wide Leaves with hyaline points. Costa with serrate lamellae 2 or 3 cells high on back _.....-C. sargii. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 59 Costa not lamellose. Costa 300 u wide or more. Alar celis inconspicuous; basal cells lax and pellucid_C. oerstedianus. Alar cells conspicuous, reddish, inflated; basal cells firm, incrassate. C. atratus. Costa 200 u wide or less______------.. -_---------- C. costaricensis. Stereid bands on both sides of costa. (PALINOCRASPIS.) Lower leaf cells with straight lateral walls. Leaves serrate halfway down____________ ---------------- C. filifolius. Leaves serrulate scarcely one-third of tl ie way down_C. porphyreodictos. Lower leaf cells with pitted lateral walls. Costa excurrent into a long rough point. Leaves up to 15 or 20 mm. long.__--_ ~~~ C. harrisi var. longifolius. Leaves 10 mm. long or less____.._. ------ +--+ ---- C. harrisi. Costa short-excurrent —_-_-_. _ ao _C, falcatulus. Campylopus chrismari (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 88. 1869. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43658, 43656, 43726, 43929; Volcan de Poas, nos, 34923a, 34888, 34926; Volcan de Turrialba, nos. 35160, 35101a. DistrisuTIon: Mexico; Costa Rica; Guatemala. Campylopus flexuosus (L.) Brid. Musc. Recent. Suppl. 4: 71. 1819. La Estrella, no. 39245a; Las Nubes, no. 38754; Yerba Buena, no. 49135a. Quebradillas, no. 43022b. DistTRiBUTION: Vancouver Island; Mexico; Europe. Campylopus subleucogaster (C. M.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1877-78: 381. 1879. Volean de Turrialba, no. 35244; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52204; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50485; Las Nubes, no. 38462b; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43538a; El Mufieco, no. 51317; Finca la Cima, no. 42696. Distrisution: Alabama; Arizona; Costa Rica; Guatemala. Campylopus hoffmanni (C. M.) Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31': 147. 1893. Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52141; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50511, 50341; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42331; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43685. DistrRiBuTION: Costa Rica. Campylopus standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 2 Dioicous. Plants in deep, glossy, yellowish green tufts with branched stems up to 12 cm. high, tomentose throughout. Leaves up to 20 mm. long; comal tufts cuspidate with flexuous points, widely spreading below, somewhat flexuous when dry, often reflexed in the older parts, gradually narrowed to a long filiform grooved point from an ovate-oblong base up to 1.6 mm. wide, the narrow leaf blade extending almost to the apex; margins serrulate for a short distance below the apex, entire below, inflexed from just above the insertion; costa excurrent into a short, denticulate point, reddish-brown at the insertion, yellow above, up to 1.25 mm. wide at the base and about four-fifths of the width of the leaf, in cross-section showing a row of large cells on the ventral side extending about halfway through the leaf, with a stereid band on the dorsal side interrupted by larger differentiated cells; alar cells dark red, forming very conspicuous, more or less inflated auricles, the cells just above short-rectangular or rhomboidal, grad- ually narrowed towards the margins and quickly becoming longer and narrower upward with thick, pitted lateral walls toward the costa, the upper cells small and irregularly rhomboidal on the margins, more elongate toward the costa; perichaetial leaves with strongly clasping bases, abruptly narrowed to the long excurrent costa, the outer much smaller; seta sinuous when dry, 12 to 14 mm. long, smooth; capsule curved, furrowed and slightly strumose when dry, the mouth 60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM oblique, 2 mm. long without the lid, the exothecal cells rectangular; peristome teeth 0.66 mm. long, 75 « wide at the base, divided about one-third of the way down; annulus large; calyptra unknown; lid conic-rostrate, oblique, 1.6 mm. long; spores papillose, 15 » in diameter. Type: Wet bank in paramo, Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 29, 1925 to January 1, 1926, no. 43939. Also from the following localities: Las Nubes, no. 38639; near Finca la Cima, no. 42696a. This species, C’. hoffmanni (C. M.) Ren. & Card., and C. brittonae R. 8. Williams form a closely related trio with many characters in common, but C. standleyi appears to be clearly distinct from either of the others in the more robust habit, and the wider leaves, with the costa up to 1.25 mm. wide, or twice as wide as in either of the other two species. The sporophyte characters are especially inter- esting as being the first known for any of this group. INPNN| N Qp,08 Nevin 7 Fia. 2.—Campylopus standleyi Bartr. A, end of fertile stem, moist, one-half natural size; B, operculate capsule, dry, X 5.5; C, leaf base, X 5.5; D, part of peristome, X 42; E, basal cells and margin just above the alar group, * 240; F, part of cross section of costa, X 240; G, lower median cells and margin, X 240; H, apex of leaf, X 42; /, outer perichaetial leaf, & 5.5; J, base of inner perichaetial leaf, 5.5 Campylopus standleyi Bartr. var. lutescens Bartr., var. nov. Fig. 3. Differs from the species in the shorter basal cells, narrower leaf blade in the basal portion and in the margins sharply serrate more than one-third of the way down. Tyre: Shaded bank, vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio January 3, 1926, no. 43372. Campylopus hellerianus (Hampe) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1870-71: 417. 1872. Vicinity of Orosi, nos 397038, 39629; Viento Fresco, no. 47952b; La Estrella, no. 39252a; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41657, 41661; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47460; Quebradillas, no. 43016, DistrisutTion: Mexico. The specimens referred here more nearly approach the type of C. hellerianus, than they do C, roellii, and it does not seem at all improbable that the latter is only a form of the older species and should be treated as a synonym. In this series from Costa Rica some of the more robust plants, with leaves up to 8 or BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 61 9 mm. long, show the margins serrate about one-third of the way down, while others, that are indistinguishable in other particulars, show the margins entire except at the extreme apex and almost precisely like those from the type collection of C. hellerianus. \veortinee (\: July © ttt CERMLSGTETTETI TOF ee iae etd terse aed Fia. 3.— Campylopus standleyi Bartr. var. lutescens Bartr. A, a rather small leaf, x 5.5; B, apex of leaf, x 42; C, basal cells and margin just above the alar group, X 240; D, median leaf cells and margin, « 240; E, part of cross section of costa, X 240 Campylopus introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 472. 1826. Zurqui, no. 48139; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47476a; Santa Maria de Dota nos. 41713, 42429, Distrisution: Southern United States; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America; Africa; Australia. Fia. 4.—Campylopus atratus Bartr. A, plant, natural size; B, two stem leaves, & 5.5; C, part of cross section of costa, X 240; D, median cells and margin, * 240; E, one side of leaf base, X 85; F, apex of leaf, « 42 Campylopus atratus Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 4. Plants in compact, blackish green tufts with stiff erect stems about 2.5 cm. high, simple or sparingly branched, radiculose; leaves erect-appressed, stiff, up to 7 mm. long, lanceolate-subulate, concave and tubulose, ending in a denticulate 94682—28 2 62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM hyaline point; costa excurrent, smooth on the back, up to 600 uw wide at the base and about two-thirds the width of the leaf, radiculose on the back in the lower part, in cross-section showing a ventral row of large cells extending about half- way through the leaf, with a median row of smaller cells and a dorsal stereid band, differentiated on the surface; alar cells reddish or hyaline, forming a con- spicuous, inflated group extending to the costa; the cells just above short- rectangular or rhomboidal with thick walls, narrower toward the margins, gradually becoming linear-flexuose upward with rounded ends and smooth incrassate walls, in the narrower part of the upper blade linear, 3 to 5 » wide and up to 35 u long. Type: Wet bank in paramo, Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 29, 1925 to January 1, 1926, no. 43686. While this species has the habit and gross appearance of Thysanomitrium rich- ardi Schwaegr., it is surely amply distinct in the structure of the nerve which, in cross-section, shows a row of large empty cells on the ventral side extending halfway through the leaf with no trace of a stereid band on the inner side. The structure is typical of the section Evcampylopus and in view of the diagnostic € IOs Oy =e rate) #300, (00. O2G" C - OG SROR DESY Fig, 5.— Campylopus costaricensis Bartr. A, two plants, natural size; B, part of cross section from upper part of costa, X 240; C, part of cross section from lower part of costa, X 240; D, two leaves, X 8; EH, apex of comal leaf, X 42; F, apex of stem leaf, X 42; G, basal cells and margin just above the alar group, 240 value of the nerve structure in this group of plants, I hardly see how the Costa Rican plant can be classed outside of this section of the genus Campylopus. M. Thériot has an interesting discussion on the relationship of 7’. richardi and Campylopus leptodus Mont. in the Revista Chilefia de Historia Natural,? which suggests the possibility that C. atratus may be closely allied to C. leptodus, a comparison that I have had, as yet, no chance to investigate. At any rate, the Costa Rican species forms an interesting and suggestive link between these two closely related genera. Campylopus costaricensis Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 5. Plants in short dense tufts, yellowish green above, light brown below. Stems erect or ascending, about 15 mm. high, simple or with a few short innovations in a dense comal tuft; stem leaves appressed or very slightly spreading, oblong- lanceolate, short-acuminate, the margins denticulate at the extreme apex, entire below, reflexed toward the apex, plane in the lower part; costa excurrent into a short concolorous denticulate point; comal leaves similar but with the costa excurrent into a longer hyaline denticulate hair point and the lamina sharply 729: 289-290. 1925. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 63 toothed at the extreme apex; costa up to 200 » wide at the base, ridged on the back below, toward the apex with stronger serrulate ribs but not lamellose, in cross-section below the middle showing two rows of large cells extending about halfway through with a stereid band interrupted by larger cells on the dorsal side; alar cells obscure, hyaline, and fugacious, the cells just above rectangular, hyaline, quickly becoming shorter and chlorophyllose upward; upper cells rhom- boidal, chlorophyllose, in rows with rather thin, uniform walls; sporophyte unknown. Tyrer: On tree, Finca Montecristo, on the Rio Reventazon below Cairo, Prov- ince of Limon, Costa Rica, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, February 18 and 19, 1926, no. 48579. Judging from the description, this species seems to be near C. erectus (C. M.) Mitt., from Colombia, but is distinct in having the costa merely ridged (not lamellose) on the back, and in the reflexed upper leaf margins. Campylopus porphyreodictos (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 75. 1869. La Estrella, no. 39377a; near Finca la Cima, no. 42705; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41573; Yerba Buena, no. 50120a. Distrinution: West Indies; Colombia; Brazil. = in) — > SESSCOSSASSE= eae Fic. 6.—Campylopus straminifolius Bartr. A, two plants, natural size, one with fruit, the other with flagellaceous branches; £, stem leaf, < 5.5; C, flagellate branch, X 5.5; D, leaf from flagellate branch, X 42; E, part of cross section of costa, X 240; F, capsule, moist, X 5.5; G, calyptra, X 9; H, part of peristome, X 42; J, one side of leaf base just above the alar cells; J, upper cells and margin, X 240 Campylopus filifolius (Hornsch.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 76. 1869. La Estrella, no. 39271a; El Mufieco, no. 33945. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Guatemala; Brazil. Campylopus straminifolius Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 6. Plants in dense, pale green or stramineous tufts with slender, simple or obscurely branched stems up to 3.5 cm. high, tomentose throughout, with occa- sional clusters of short flagellate branches. Leaves closely imbricated, erect with flexuous points to rather curved-secund, up to 9 mm. long, from an oblong- ovate base rather abruptly contracted to a long channeled subula, remotely denticulate on the margins for a short distance below the apex, entire below, the narrow lamina extending nearly to the apex; costa up to 400 » wide at the base, pale, filling about one-third of the leaf base, in cross-section showing two rows 64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM of large ventral cells, a stereid band on the dorsal side with the outer cells differ- entiated; alar cells conspicuous, reddish or hyaline, the cells just above rectan- gular with straight, pellucid walls, gradually narrowed toward the margins, rather quickly becoming rhomboidal upward, in regular rows; seta 10 mm. long, pale, flexuous when dry, smooth; capsule ovoid, regular, furrowed when dry, 1.5 mm. long; lid conic-subulate, 1 mm. long; annulus large; peristome teeth about 70 » wide at the base, divided less than halfway down; calyptra laciniate at the base. Type: On tree, El Mufieco, on the Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres, March 6 and 7, 1926, no. 51212. The longer leaves, broader costa, and presence of flagellate branches seem to distinguish adequately this species from C. subleucogaster, to which it is undoubt- edly closely allied. Campylopus harrisi (C. M.) Par. Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 92. 1900. Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50570a. DisTRIBUTION: Jamaica. Campylopus harrisi (C. M.) Par. var. longifolius Bartr., var. nov. Differs from the species in the elongate stems, with the leaves comose at intervals and up to 15 or even 20 mm. long. | H i i |! Fia.7.—Campylopus falcatulus Bartr. A, plant, one-half natural size; B, two stem leaves, X 8; C, apex of leaf, * 42; D, part of cross section from lower part of costa, X 240; #, part of cross section from upper part of costa, X 240; F, one side of leaf base just above the alar cells Type: On tree, Cerro de las Lajas, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 7, 1926, no. 51638. The elongate interrupted stems and long setaccous-pointed leaves give this plant a very distinctive appearance, and when more complete material is avail- able it may well prove to be a perfectly distinct species. Campylopus falcatulus Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 7. Plants in loose deep tufts, brownish green, dull, with robust branched stems 6 or 7 cm. long; leaves curved-secund, closely imbricated, about 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, gradually narrowed from an oblong base to a rather short, channeled point, remotely denticulate toward the apex, the lamina extending almost to the point; costa about 250 u wide at the base, more than half as wide as the leaf, ribbed on the back above, excurrent into a short dentate point, in cross-section showing a row of guide cells with narrow stereid bands above and below, differentiated on the dorsal surface; alar cells conspicuous, forming large red inflated auricles and extending to the costa, the cells just above short, rectangular, with thick pitted walls, narrower with straight walls toward the BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 65 margins, gradually elongated upward, in the median and upper portions smaller, rhomboidal, in regular rows. Sporophyte unknown. Type: On tree, Cerro de las Lajas, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 7, 1926, no. 51507. Also from Yerba Buena, no. 50037. A more robust plant than C. arctocarpus, with shorter leaves, a broader costa, and a more conspicuous, inflated group of alar cells. Thysanomitrium richardi (Brid.) Schwaegr. Suppl. 2!: 61. 1823. Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50331; Yerba Buena, nos. 50396, 49939a; La Hondura, no. 36227. Distrisution: Mexico; Costa Rica; West Indies; South America. The plants referred to this species are not at all typical, and I have not named them without some misgivings. The costa is narrower than in any specimens with which they have been compared, and the leaves are practically destitute of hyaline hair points, but in other respects the agreement seems to be essentially complete. Fia. 8.—Dicranodontium meridionale Bartr. A, end of stem, naturai size; B, stem leaf, x 5.5; C, one side of leaf base, X 42; D, cross section near apex of leaf, < 240; Z, part of cross section from near base of leaf, < 240; F, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, x 240; G, area of basal cells showing junction of inner pellucid cells and outer pitted, chlorophyllose cells, « 240 Pilopogon gracilis (Hook.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 519. 1826. Las Nubes, no. 38378; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52137; La Estrella, no. 39338; near Finca la Cima, no. 42752a; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43412; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50581. Dicranodontium meridionale Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 8. Dioicous ?, the antheridial flowers not seen. Plants in deep silky tufts, dull green above, light brown below; stems 8 to 10 cm. long, branched, tomentose throughout; leaves spreading, often curved-secund, 8 to 10 mm. long, from an ovate base gradually narrowed to a long setaceous tubulose point, denticulate about one-third of the way down, entire below; costa about one-third the width of the leaf base, long-excurrent into a grooved denticulate hair point, in cross- section toward the apex showing a row of guide cells with stereid bands above and below, the outer cells differentiated, toward the base showing a row of guide cells with a thin stereid band on the ventral side and a wider band on the dorsal side composed of stereid cells interrupted by numerous larger cells almost equal in size to the guide row; alar cells reddish or hyaline, fugacious; lower basal cells short-rectangular, thin-walled and hyaline toward the costa forming a dis- tinct area extending obliquely from near the margin to the costa, changing 66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM abruptly to the linear pitted cells of the rest of the base; cells of the upper lamina elongate, linear with rounded ends, the marginal row elongate-rhomboidal. Type: On tree, Cerro de las Caricias, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 52296. Also from the following localities: Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51647; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50492, 50284, 50491a; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52234. This species is near D. denudatum (Brid.), but is surely distinct in the slender elongated stems and longer leaves, and especially in the sharply defined area of hyaline basal cells, which is very distinct from the adjacent linear, pitted chloro- phyllose cells that make up the rest of the leaf base. Metzlerella longiseta (Hook.) Broth. in ng]. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 10: 191. 1924. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43761, 48864; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42284; near Finca la Cima, no. 42790; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50273. Distrisution: Costa Rica; northern South America. Metzlerella costaricensis (C. M.) Broth. in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.10: 191. 1924. Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 42512, 43169; Quebradillas, no. 43010; near Finca la Cima, no. 42554; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42203. DistrinuTion: Mexico; Costa Rica; Guatemala. Kry To Costa RICAN SPECIES OF HOLOMITRIUM Stem leaves spreading from the insertion; alar cells 100 u high or less, indistinct. H. terebellatum. Stem leaves with an erect, more or less clasping base; alar cells 200 » high or more, distinct. Upper leaf cells elongate, up to 20 » long. Upper leaves 12 to 15 mm. long; costa long-excurrent....H. longifolium. Upper leaves less than 7 mm. long; costa short-excurrent or vanishing. Leaves 5 to 7 mm. long; lamina unistratose__-_.--------- H. standleyi. Leaves 4 to 4.5 mm. long; lamina irregularly bistratose.__H. williamsi. Upper leaf cells short-rectangular to quadrate, up to 10 » long-_H. arboreum. Holomitrium terebellatum C. M. in Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31!: 151. 1893. Yerba Buena, no. 50101; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39849; El Mufeco, no. 50911; Zurqui, no. 48261; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52213; La Hondura, no. 37563a. DistrisuTion: Costa Rica. Holomitrium longifolium Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 3: 364. 1865. Yerba Buena, no. 50055. DistrRiBuTION: Colombia. Not previously recorded from Central America. Holomitrium standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 9. Autoicous ?, the antheridial flowers not seen. Fertile plants in dense, yellow- ish green tufts, brown below; stems branching, up to 4 cm. long, tomentose below; upper stem leaves crowded, crispate when dry, about 6 mm. long, from a suberect oblong-ovate entire base about 2 mm. long, abruptly contracted to a linear- lanceolate serrulate acute point, the lower smaller and more remote; costa sl:ort- excurrent, obscurely toothed on the back near the apex, in cross-section near the middle showing a row of guide cells with stereid bands above and below, the outer cells differentiated; basal cells long and narrow, with thickened pitted walls, at the angles a nearly square, brownish alar group about 200 u high, often hyaline on the inner side; median and upper cells rectangular with rounded corners, up to 20 uw long, shorter toward the margins, in straight rows with BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 67 furrows between, convex on the free surfaces; perichaetial leaves with long convo- lute-clasping bases, filiform-pointed, equaling or overtopping the mouth of the capsule; seta 1 cm. long; capsule cylindric, 3 mm. long; exothecal cells up to 50 » long by 25 u wide, averaging about 1 : 2; peristome teeth projecting about 350 u above the rim, lanceolate, papillose, often split along the median line, dark red below, pale-above; lid long-subulate, about as long as the capsule; calyptra cucullate. Type: On tree, Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude about 700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, Janu- ary 27, 1926, no. 46271. Also from the following localities: Quebrada Serena, no 46260; La Tejona, no. 45933. The elongate median and upper leaf cells of this species preclude H. arboreum; the erect, imbricated bases of the stem leaves are surely a distinctive character as compared with H. fleruosum from Mexico and South America, and the leaves are too short for H. longifolium. Oe S¢ si OOC HAQvoo ty Fig. 9.—Holomitrium standleyi Bartr. A, fruiting plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, x 9; C, apex of leaf, < 42; D, one side of leaf base, x 42; E, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, X 240; F, capsule, X 5.5; G, calyptra, x 5.5; H, lid, X 5.5; J, inner peri- chaetial leaf, < 5.5; J, part of peristome, x 82 Holomitrium williamsi Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 10. Dioicous? Plants in dense, vellowish green tufts, brown beneath; stems simple or sparingly branched, 2 to 3 cm. high, tomentose below, with dense clusters of short flagellate branches toward the ends; stem leaves about 5 mm. long, crispate when dry, abruptly narrowed to a lanceolate point from an erect- spreading entire oblong-obovate base nearly half the leaf length, serrulate about two-thirds of the way down; costa ending just below the rather blunt apex or percurrent, dentate on the back above, in cross section above the middle show- ing a row of 4 or 5 guide cells with stereid bands, on both sides and the outer cells differentiated; upper leaf cells short, oval or rounded-quadrate, about 5 u wide by 5 to 8 » long in two layers here and there on the margins and in spots through the lamina, the lower cells long and narrow, with thickened pitted walls, at the angles a large group of brownish alar cells extending about two-thirds of the way to the costa, the inner rows hyaline; leaves of the flagellate branches short and broad, obtuse or minutely apiculate, ecostate, closely appressed- imbricated. Sporophyte unknown. TyrE: On tree, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude about 2,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, February 22 to 28, 1926, no. 49939. 68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Evidently close to H. marginatum Mitt., from Cuba, but with broader leaf points and the upper leaf cells bistratose only here and there on the margins and in spots through the lamina; the flagellate branches are also characteristic. Mr. Williams’ studies in this and allied genera have helped so much to clarify our knowledge that it is a pleasure to associate his name with the present species. Holomitrium arboreum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 58. 1869. El Mufieco, nos. 33947, 33833, 50893. Distripution: Mexico; Central America; northern South America, Dicranum frigidum C. M. Bot. Zeit. 17: 219. 1859. Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35304, 35256, 35309; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43571, 43645. DistrRiputTion: Mexico; Central America; South America. Schliephackea meteorioides (R. §. Williams) Broth. in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 10: 207. 1924. Cerro de las Lajas, nos. 51606, 51601; La Hondura, no. 51811; Zurqui, no. 48215; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52171, ¢. fr.; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50516, 50525. Fig. 10.—Holomitrium williamsi Bartr. A, two plants, natural size, one with lateral, the other with terminal clusters of flagellaceous branches; B, stem leaf, X 9; C, apex of lea!, % 42; D, flagellate branch, X 9; FE, leaves from flagellate branch, xX 42; F, one side of leaf base, X 42; G, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, X 240; H, basal cells and margin just above alar group, * 240 DistTRIBUTION: Panama. This is an especially instructive series of a rare species, known heretofore only from the type locality in Panama; and as the specimens under no. 52171 show the first mature capsules that have been found so far, it may be worth while to give a brief description of the peristome characters, which definitely place the plant in the genus Schliephackea, as surmised by Brotherus: Seta yellow, smooth, flexuous; capsule smooth, cylindric, 2.25 mm. long by 0.75 mm. wide; exothecal cells oval-rectangular, up to about 65 » long by about 20 » wide, with rather regular, vellowish-pellucid walls, smaller toward the mouth, 3 or 4 rows around the rim obscure, dark reddish brown; stomata few, in about two rows at the extreme base; peristome inserted below the mouth and projecting about 225 u above the rim; teeth 60 » wide at the base, tapering gradually to a blunt truncate apex, incurved, tawny red, coarsely papillose; articulations 10 to 12, thick, projecting on the edges, solid or indistinctly perforate along the median line; spores slightly rough, about 17 « in diameter, BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 69 Dicranoloma brittonae Bartr., sp. nov. Fie. 11. Dioicous? Stems up to 12 em. high, without a distinct central strand, stiff, not or scarcely tomentose at the base, in loose, yellowish green tufts. Leaves 10 to 12 mm. long, spirally contorted at the tips when dry, widely spreading from a short clasping base, concave, gradually narrowed to a tubulose setaceous point, entire below, remotely denticulate toward the apex; costa narrow, indis- tinct below, about 75 » wide, percurrent, slightly rough on the back near the apex, in cross-section showing a row of guide cells with narrow stereid bands above and below, the outer cells not differentiated; cells at the basal angles incras- sate, brownish, forming a distinct alar group about 300 to 400 u high and extending about two-thirds of the way to the costa; cells just above the alar group rather short and broad, quickly becoming narrower and longer upward, with thick pitted walls, several rows at the margins very long and narrow, not pitted, the median cells elongate with incrassate pitted walls up to 60 uw long by 10 u wide, BORIS) Dy f Way NOTA L U Fia. 11.—Dicranoloma brittonae Bartr. A, end of dry stem, natural size; B, stem leaf, moist, X 5; C, apex of leaf, X 42; D, one side of leaf base, X 42; EH, part of cross sec- tion of stem, * 80; F, part of cross section from lower part of leaf, x 240; G, cross section from upper part of leaf, X 240; H, basal cells and margin, X 240; J, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, x 240 gradually shorter upward, the marginal row in the upper part Of the leaf rec- tangular or rhomboidal and distinct from the elongate inner lamina cells almost to the apex. Type: On tree, Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 50505. Also a few stems from Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52145b. The generic position of this striking species is rather obscure, but in view of the elongate pitted upper leaf cells and narrow cells bordering the basal margins, none too distinct in some of the leaves, I have taken the liberty of provisionally including it in the genus Dicraneloma, with which it seems to be most closely affiliated. It is a privilege to have the opportunity of associating Mrs. Britton’s name with this unique species, the first of the genus to be found north of the Isthmus of Panama, and I trust that more ample material may some day establish its exact relationship. 70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Dicranoloma setaceum Bartr., sp. nov. Fia, 12 Dioicous? Stems 4 to 5 em. long, without a distinct central strand, flexuous, branched, tomentose throughout, in rather dense tufts; leaves up to 12 or 14 mm. long, curved-secund, linear-lanceolate from an oblong-ovate base, gradually narrowed to a Jong setaceous tubulose point, remotely denticulate about halfway down, entire below; costa rather indistinct below, about 200 » wide, long-ex- current into a denticulate point with a few short teeth on the back near the apex, in cross-section showing a row of guide cells with stereid bands above and below, the outer cells clearly differentiated on the dorsal side; cells at the base reddish brown, incrassate, forming a band about 275 u high extending obliquely from the margins to the costa, immediately above this band a few short pitted cells, quickly becoming longer and narrower upward with thick pitted walls, very long and narrow toward the margins but not forming a distinct border; median cells linear, with thick pitted walls; upper cells elongate, linear to irregu- larly rhomboidal, incrassate. Sporophyte unknown. Fig. 12.—Dicranoloma setacewm Barir. A, plant, natural size; 2, stem leaf, x 5, C, apex of leaf, X 240; D, cross section of stem, X 80; E, cross section of leaf near apex, X 42; F, part of cross section of leaf from near base, X 80; G, one side of leaf base, x 42; #H, median leaf cells and margin, X 240; J, basal cells and margin a little above the alar group, X 240 Typre: Wet bank, Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, alti- tude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Paul C, Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 29, 1925, to January 1, 1926, no. 43537. Also from Cerro de las Vueltos, no. 43813. The elongate pitted leaf cells, very long and narrow on the basal margins, seem to locate this plant in the genus Dicranoloma, where it may be left provi- sionally until more complete material is available. Leucoloma serrulatum Brid. Bryol, Univ. 2: 752. 1827. Vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47171a; El Mufieco, nos. 51082a, 51385; Yerba Buena, nos. 50047a, 50135, 49930; La Hondura, no. 36292; Naranjos Agrios, no. 46457; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52159; Zurqui, no. 48250. Disrrisution: West Indies; Mexico; Guatemala. Leucoloma crugerianum (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1870-71: 412. 1872. El] Mufieco, no. 51013; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47653a. Distrisution: Mexico; West Indies; northern South America. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 71 Leucobryaceae Ochrobryum obtusifolium Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 108. 1869. » Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41628, 41651, 43142. DistripuTION: South America. These coll etions are an exact match for specimens from South America, and extend the range of the species very considerably to the northward. The lanceo- late channeled leaves, gradually narrowed to the apex, without any distinct base, are quite distinctive in comparison with the leaves of O. gardnerianum. Leucobryum giganteum C. M. Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 79. 1849. Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52228; Yerba Buena, no. 49864; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50327; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51644; La Estrella, no. 39402. Distrrisution: West Indies; Costa Rica; northern South America. Leucobryum albicans (Schwaegr.) Lindb. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 20: 402. 1863. La Palma, no. 38221; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39831; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 34439; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52172; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51596. DistTrRIBUTION: Cuba; Costa Rica; South America. Leucobryum albidum (Brid.) Lindb. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 20: 403. 1863. Vicinity of Orosi, no. 39703a; Zurqui, no. 48278; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52169. Disrrisution: Eastern North America; West Indies; Mexico; Guatemala. Leucobryum crispum C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 1: 78. 1849. El Mufieco, nos. 33880, 51291; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46927. DistrisuTIoNn: West Indies; northern South America. The first record for this species in Central America. Leucobryum polakowskyi (C. M.) Card. Mém. Soe. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 82. 1900. La Hondura, nos. 36122, 36227a; La Estrella, no. 39271; Yerba Buena, no. 50112; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47430; Viento Fresco, no. 47952; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43373. DistrispuTiIon: Jamaica; Mexico; Central America. Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) Hampe; C. M. Linnaea 17: 317. 1843. Vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46970a; Finca Montecristo, no. 48483. DistrRiBUTION: West Indies; northern South America. The first record for Central America. Leucobryum antillarum Schimp.; Besch. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. Bot. 3: 190. 1876. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47417; El Mufieco, nos. 50972, 50992; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50343; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42158; Las Nubes, nos. 38734, 38446; La Palma, no. 38221a; Yerba Buena, no. 49658; La Estrella, no. 39245; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 42040. DisTRIBUTION: West Indies; Mexico; Central America; northern South America. Octoblepharum albidum (L.) Hedw. Descr. Muse. Frond. 3: 15. 1791. Vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44549; vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37397a; Finca Monte- cristo, no. 48577. DistRisuTION: West Indies; Mexico; Central America and tropical regions generally. Octoblepharum pulvinatum (Doz. & Molk.) Mitt. Journ. Linn, Soc. 12: 109. 1869. Hamburg Finea, no. 48727; Finca Montecristo, nos. 48430, 48526. DistriBuTION: West Indies; northern South America. The first record from Central America. 72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Octoblepharum erectifolium Mitt. N. Amer. Fl. 15: 162. 1913. El] Mujfieco, no. 51240; Yerba Buena, nos. 49947, 49653; La Palma, no. 38161. DIsTRIBUTION: Jamaica; Trinidad. The first record from Central America. . Octoblepharum mittenii Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1871-72: 321. 1873. La Hondura, no. 36233. DistrisutTion: Eastern South America. The plants from Costa Rica seem to be identical with the type material of the species from the Amazon region. It is very close to the preceding species, but I think they may be distinguished by the following particulars: O. ERECTIFOLIUM Mitt. O. MITTENII Jaeg. Leaf base rather narrow and incon- Leaf base broad, conspicuous, 2 to 3 spicuous, about 1.5 mm. long or less, mm. long, abruptly rounded at the apex; tapering at the apex; plants yellowish. plants tinged with purple. wi Wood 880 f B35 Yui \\eEO S (Fe NWiQGe as Oeg sie es ist! 7 ROO lick IN | Fic. 13.—Syrrhopodon cristatus Bartr. A, dry plant, natural size; B, two stem leaves, X 9; C, apex of leaf, * 80; D, part of cruss section from upper part of leaf, x 9; H, part of cross section from lower part of leaf, X 240; F, margin of leaf at shoulder, < 240; G, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240 Calymperaceae Syrrhopodon berterianus (Brid.) C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 1: 535. 1849. La Hondura, no 37836; vicinity of Guapiles, nos. 37138, 37213. DistrrisuTion: West Indies; northern South America. Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwaegr. Suppl. 12: 119. 1824. Finca Montecristo, no. 48526a. Distrisution: Florida; Mexico; West Indies; northern South America. The specimens of this and the preceeding species seem to be the first records for Central America. Syrrhopodon flavescens C. M. Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 541. 1849. La Estrella, no. 39377; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39786. Disrrispution: West Indies; Mexico; Central America; northern South America. Syrrhopodon cristatus Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 138. Evidently dioicous. Stems short, simple, about 5 to 9 mm. high, in loose, pale green tufts; leaves 3 to 4 mm. long, linear-ligulate and tubulose from an erect shining white oblong-obovate base about one-third of the length of the leaf; apex blunt or short-acute; spinose-dentate on the margins and back just below the BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 73 point, bordered with a narrow band of hyaline stereid cells; margins remotely spinose-dentate to the apex of the cancellinae, then ciliate-dentate to below the leaf shoulders, entire at the extreme base; costa ending just below the apex, smooth on the back except at the apex, on the upper surface coarsely spinose from the apex to the top of the cancellinae, about 40 to 50 u wide halfway up, in cross-section about mid-leaf showing a row of 6 guide cells with thick stereid bands on both sides and differentiated outer cells; leaf cells irregularly oval to transversely elongate, about 6 u wide and up to 10 » long, papillose on both sur- faces with multifid papillae; cancellinae hyaline, short-rectangular, nearly filling the leaf base and ending in acute angles above. Sporophyte unknown. Type: Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude about 2,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, February 22 to 28, 1926, no. 49947a, in tufts of Octoblepharum erectifolium. This neat little species is near S. pusillus Mitt., but characteristically distinct in the costa smooth on the back below the cristate, spinose apex, and in the leaf cells papillose with multifid papillae (not spiculose). FIG. 14.—Syrrhopodon therioti Bartr. A, dry plant, natural size; B, leaf, in two parts, x 6; C, apex of leaf, X 80; D, part of cross section of leaf about halfway down, X 80; E, leaf cells and margin just above the shoulder, X 240; F, basal leaf cells and mar- gin about halfway from the insertion to the shoulder, * 240; G, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, x 240 Syrrhopodon therioti Bartr., sp. nuv. Fra. 14. Evidently dioicous. Plants in deep dense tufts, yellowish green above, light brown below; stems up to 10 cm. high, branched above; leaves 15 to 20 mm. long, filiform-acuminate from a short erect oblong-obovate base, grooved, not bordered; margins erect or incurved above the shoulders, serrulate to the base; costa red at the base, yellowish above, 90 to 130 » wide at the apex of the can- cellinae, ending just below the apex, about one-third to one-quarter the width of the upper leaf, smooth on both sides or more often with a few short remote ‘teeth on the back toward the apex, in cross-section near the middle showing about 6 guide cells with thick stereid bands above and below, the outer layers larger and differentiated; upper cells distinct, oval or rounded-quadrate, 8 to 10 u long by 6 to 8 » wide, smooth on the dorsal side, indistinctly mammillose above; cancellinae fearly filling the leaf base, broadly rounded above, narrowly mar- gined on the sides. Sporophyte unknown. 74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type: On log, Cerro de las Lajas, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 7, 1926, no. 51472. Also from Cerro de las Lajas, nos. 51527, 51509b. The long, filiform, pointed, unbordered leaves, serrulate to the base, and the robust habit characterize this striking species at a glance. It is a great pleasure to associate with it the name of my good friend M. Thériot, whose studies in the mosses of Costa Rica, and more lately in those of Mexico, have added so much to our knowledge of the flora of these regions. Pottiaceae Anoectangium euchloron (Schwaegr.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 176. 1869. Along Rio Reventado, no. 49480. Distrrpution: Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America; Phil- ippine Islands; Java. Hymenostomum mexicanum Card. Rev. Bryol. 36: 70. 1909. Cerros de Candelaria, Manuel Valerio 30. Pseudosymblepharis circinnata (Schimp.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. ed. 2. 10: 261. 1924. Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50701. DistRIBUTION: Mexico. Not previously known outside of Mexico. Leptodontium filescens (Hampe) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 50. 1869. Finca la Cima, No. 42777; Volcan de Turrialba nos. 35243a, 34953, 35160a, 35161a, 35013a. , DistRiIBuTION: Colombia; Mexico. This little-known species has recently been detected among Brother Arséne’s Mexican mosses by M. Thériot, and its occurrence in Costa Rica therefore fills in a gap between Mexico and the type locality in Colombia. Leptodontium subgracile Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. $1): 153. 1893. Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35251a, 35277; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43805. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Leptodontium ulocalyx (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 51. 1869. Las Nubes, no. 38467; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50515a. DistripuTion: Mexico; Central America; northern South America. Leptodontium sulphureum (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 51. 1869. La Estrella, no. 39145; Viento Fresco, no. 47964; Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47476b; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41616, 43177; Finca la Cima, no. 42588; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43946. DistRIBUTION: Mexico; Central America. Leptodontium sulphureum (C. M.) Mitt. var. motelayi (Ren. & Card.) Bartr. Leptodontium motelayi Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 38: 11. 1899. Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52126; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43684, 48539; Yerba Buena, no. 49153; Zurqui, nos. 50277, 48073, 48106, 48133; La Estrella nos. 39331, 39481la; Volcan de Turrialba, nos, 34958, 35318; Cerro de las Lajas no. 51568. ; DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Panama. The plants listed here show almost every possible gradation between the extreme with long-acuminate leaf points and the typically short-pointed leaf of the specific type. There are no other distinguishing characters that I have been able to find, and it seems obligatory to regard this form as of ‘varietal rank only. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 75 Leptodontium sulphureum (C. M.) Mitt. var. flagellaceum Bartr., var. nov. Fig. 15. Differs from the species in the presence of axillary clusters of flagellate branches clothed with small oblong acute leaves, costate less than halfway up. Type: On tree, Cerros de Zurqui northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 3, 1926, no. 50508. Hyophila tortula (Schwaegr.) Hampe, Bot. Zeit. 4: 267. 1846. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 4335la. Distrisution: West Indies; northern South America; Costa Rica; Mexico; Arizona. A cosmopolitan tropical American species that has been described under many different names, Barbula bescherellei Sauerb. var. stenocarpa Card. Rev. Bryol. 37: 126. 1910. Finca la Cima, no. 42613. DisTRIBUTION: Mexico. Fic. 15.—Leptodontium sulphureum (C. M.) Mitt. var. flagellaceum Bartr. A, two flagellate branches, < 6; B, tip of flagellate branch, X 40; C, two leaves from flag- ellate branch, X 80; D, apex of leaf from flagellate branch, < 240; E, stem leaf, x 6 Streptopogon rigidus Mitt. in Spruce Cat. Muse. Amaz. & And. 8: 139. 1867 (nomen) Viento Fresco, no. 47878c. DistrisuTIon: Costa Rica; South America; Madagascar. Tortula caroliniana Andrews, Bryologist 23: 72. 1920. Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32505a; along Rio Reventado, no. 49630a. DistrisuTion: North Carolina; Mexico. Both of the above numbers are represented by a few stray plants segregated from other mosses. They seem to be identical with specimens from Mexico cited by Doctor Andrews in his original paper. Grimmiaceae Rhacomitrium conterminum (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1872- 73: 273. 1874. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43878. DistrisuTion: Costa Rica. The hair points in this collection, as in the type material, are crispate to about the same degree, possibly a trifle more so in this number, and it is quite possible that R. conterminum may be only a synonym for Rhacomitrium crispipilum (Tayl.) Jaeg., of South America. 76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Funariaceae Funaria bonplandii (Brid.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 13: 524. 1903. Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52133, 52298. DisrripuTion: Peru; Brazil; Chile. Funaria epipedostegia Card. Rev. Bryol. 36: 109. 1909. Las Nubes, no. 38407. DistTRIBUTION: Mexico. If there is any specific difference between this species and F’. longiseta (Schimp.) Broth., the Costa Rican plants probably belong to F. epipedostegia, on account of the more perfectly developed peristome, but the variation in the shape of the capsules seems to be entirely too wide to permit of any satisfactory specific definition on this character alone. Funaria calvescens Schwaegr. Suppl. 1?: 77. 1826. Yerba Buena, no. 49673; between San Pedro de Montes de Oca and Currida- bat, nos. 41257, 32871; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41712, EI Silencio, no. 44631; near Finca la Cima, no. 42757; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 34255; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42199; vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44477; Rio Birris, no. 35422. DisrripuTIoN: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions. Splachnaceae Tayloria scabriseta (Hook.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 250. 1869. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43672. Distrisution: Colombia; Ecuador. Known previously only from South America. Bryaceae Webera spectabilis (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1873-74: 137. 1875. Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35101, 35244a. DistRiBuTION: Mexico; Central America; Colombia. Webera papillosa (C. M.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 10: 362. 1924. Volean de Poas, no. 34927. DistriBpuTION: West Indies; South America. The Costa Rican specimens show two forms of propagula intermingled, i. e. (1) ovoid, short-stalked, brownish, septate; (2) fusiform, irregularly branched, pellucid. Epipterygium immarginatum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 319. 1869. Along Rio Reventado, no. 49544a. DistriBution: Guatemala. Brachymenium capillare Schimp. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 194. 1872. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47652. DistripuTion: Mexico. Brachymenium systylium (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1873-74: 119. 1875. Zurqui, no. 48125; Cerro de Piedro Blanca, no. 32550; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47500; La Ventolera, no. 34657; Between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 34175. DistriputTion: Mexico. Brachymenium spathulifolium Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 311: 164. 1893. Viento Fresco, no. 47836. DistrrRiBuTIoN: Costa Rica. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 77 Brachymenium viviparum Bartr., sp. nov. Fig, 16. Dioicous? Stems loosely tufted, about 2 cm. long, radiculose at the base, simple or with short scattered branches; leaves ovate, acute, decurrent, erect and spirally twisted when dry, erect-speading when moist, not margined, entire; costa rather strong, excurrent into a short smooth point; upper cells rhomboidal- hexagonal, about 30 u long by 12 u wide, smooth, thin-walled, the lower rec- tangular and, on the average, narrower, several rows next to the costa on the 8 D Fic. 16.—Brachymenium viviparum Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, X 9; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240; D, axillary bulblets, < 9; EH, areolation of bulblet leaves, x 42 dorsal side loose and spongy. Reproduction by means of numerous axillary conspicuous bulblets, about 1 mm. long, radiculose at the base and with 5 or 6 terminal, fleshy, ecostate, loosely areolate, incurved leaves. Type: On tree, Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, January 21, 1926, no. 45502. The conspicuous axillary bulblets give this species a unique and characteristic appearance, even to the naked eye. Fic. 17.—Brachymenium standleyi Bartr. A, plant, natural size; B, leaf, x 9; C, leaf apex, < 42; 2, upper leaf cells and margin, « 240; E, one side of leaf base, X 42; F, moist capsule, X 6; G, part of peristome, X 42; H, inner perichaetial leaves, X 9 Brachymenium standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 17. Dioicous? Plants loosely cespitose, yellowish green above, light brown below; stems erect, about 1 cm. high, densely radiculose below; comal leaves crowded, erect-flexuous and contorted when dry, spreading when moist, 2.5 to 3 mm. long by 1.75 mm. wide, oblong-spatulate, abruptly contracted to an acute apex; upper leaf cells oval-hexagonal, about 37 u long by 15 u wide, becoming short-rectangular 94682—28 3 78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM toward the base, on the margins elongate, narrowly linear, forming a border 2 to 4rows wide; margins narrowly revolute more than three-fourths of the way up, entire below, remotely denticulate toward the apex; costa reddish, tapering from a broad base, excurrent into a nearly smooth, yellowish hair point; lower leaves similar but smaller, remote; outer perichaetial leaves similar to the comal leaves but more narrowly acuminate, entire; inner leaves linear-subulate, not bordered; seta about 25 mm. long, erect, flexuous, yellowish; capsule erect,.4 mm. high, oblong-clavate, small-mouthed, with a tapering sulcate neck about equaling the body; outer peristome teeth reflexed against the wall of the capsule when dry, the inner a pale papillose cylinder, erose on the edge, about one-half as long as the teeth; lid small, conical, obtuse; annulus large; spores large, ovoid, up to 100 » long by 40 uw wide. Type: On tree, La Ventolera, on the southern slope of the Volcan de Poas, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,700 meters, Paul C. Standley, February 17 and 18, 1924, no. 34655. This species seems to be clearly distinguished from all its congeners by the strongly reflexed peristome teeth and the unusually large spores. Acidodontium megalocarpum (Hook.) Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31: 162. 1892. Viento Fresco, no. 47878; El Mufieco, no. 33571. DistRiIBuTION: Colombia; Ecuador; Costa Rica. Aes Fia. 18.— Anomobryum costaricense Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; Band C, leaves, X 16; D, apex of leaf, X 240 These two numbers seem to be indistinguishable from typical South American specimens, and as there is more or less variation in the shape of the leaves I suspect that A. floresianum C. M. should be considered as a synonym of this species. Anomobryum filiforme (Dicks., Lindb.) Husn. Musc. Gall. 222. 1888. Volean de Turrialba, no. 35292. DIsTRIBUTION: Europe; Africa; Costa Rica; South America. Anomobryum costaricense Bartr., sp. nov. Fie. 18. Dioicous. Stems 2 to 3 em. high, with short claviform branches, pale glossy green, densely tufted and matted together with radicles below; leaves broadly oval, 1.2 mm. long, closely imbricated, concave, plicate, the apex truncate or emarginate; costa ending about three-fourths of the way up; upper cells elon- gate, linear-flexuous, incrassate, toward the base broader and more lax; margin plane, entire below, sharply denticulate toward the truncate apex. Sporophyte unknown. . Typr: On exposed rock, vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 26, 1925, to January 3, 1926, no. 43154. This species is characterized by the erose-denticulate, truncate or even emarginate leaf apices. Bryum argenteum L. Sp. Pl. 1120. 1753. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43605; near Finca la Cima, no. 42763. DistRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 79 Bryum argenteum L. var. lanatum B. & 8. Bry. Eur. 6°: 7. pl. 41. 1839. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43170; vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44496; Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35243, 35161. DistripuTion: Cosmopolitan, but more abundant in the warmer zones. Bryum sordidum Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 4: 341. 1865. El Mufieco, no. 51308. DistRIBUTION: Colombia. Differs from the following in the oblong-ovate entire leaves and the slender flexuous innovations. Bryum erythroneuron Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 312. 1869. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43964. DisrriputTion: Colombia and Ecuador. Bryum rosulicoma Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31!: 166. 1893. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 48538; El Mufieco, no. 33470a; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41662. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Mniaceae Mnium rostratum Schrad. in L. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. 22: 1330. 1791. Cerro de Piedra Blanca, nos. 32517, 32525, 32529b; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41958a; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41662a, 42395, 41860, 41819, 43231, 41759; El] Mufieco, no. 33512; Viento Fresco, nos. 47778, 47981; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50274; Las Nubes, no. 38372; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 34250; Quebradillas, nos. 42926, 42958; La Palma, no. 38052; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47512; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43783. DIsTRIBUTION: Temperate and subtropical regions generally. Rhizogoniaceae Rhizogonium spiniforme (L.) Bruch. Flora 29: 134. 1846. Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51420; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50637; Viento Fresco, nos. 47952a, 47967; Yerba Buena, no. 49149; vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 46970, 47169, 47020; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47531, 47633; El Mufieco, nos. 50906a, 33936, 33932, 33492, 51089; La Estrella, no. 39398; El Silencio, no. 44697; La Hondura, no. 36311; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41687; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42243; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 34358; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39838. Disrrisution: Common throughout the Tropics. Rhizogonium mnioides (Hook.) Schimp. Bot. Zeit. 2: 125. 1844. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43779, 43790, 43870, 43942, 43944. DistRiBuTiIon: South America; Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand. Not previously known north of Colombia. Rhizogonium lindigii (Hampe) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 328. 1869. Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52186, 52269; near Finca la Cima, no. 42743. DistrrisutTion: South America; Costa Rica (in herb. New York Bot. Gard.). This neat and very characteristic little species does not seem to have been known before north of Colombia. Aulacomniaceae Leptotheca costaricensis Card. & Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 308. 1921. Cerros de Zurqui, nos, 50438, 50441, 50482; Volcan de Poas, no. 34923; Zurqui, nos. 48230, 48191, DiIstRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Bartramiaceae Leiomela bartramia (Hook.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13: 635. 1903. Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35070a. DistRIBUTION: Jamaica; Colombia; Ecuador. Bartramia defoliata C. M. Linnaea 33: 597. 1864. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43738. DistRIBUTION: Colombia. Philonotis tenella (C. M.) Besch. Fl. Bry. Antill. Fr. 33. 1876. La Hondura, nos. 51876, 51872; Los Ayotes, no. 45396; vicinity of Orosi, no 39607; along Rio Reventado, no. 49583; La Estrella, no 39296. DistrisuTion: Florida; West Indies; Central America; South America. Philonotis sphaericarpa (Swartz) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 25. 1827. Yerba Buena, nos. 50075a, 49760a, 49655, 50106, 50113; La Hondura, nos 36194, 37609; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46731. DistRiBuTION: West Indies; South America. Breutelia tomentosa (Swartz) Schimp. in Paris Ind. Bryol. 155. 1894. Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52165, 52130, 52143a; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50531, 50693, 50712, 50295, 50279a; Cerro de las Lajas, nos. 51550, 51419; La Palma, nos. 33195, 33178, 33194a; La Estrella, no. 33933; Yerba Buena, nos. 49147a, 49277; La Hondura, nos. 51905, 51868. Form with leaves falcate-secund: Las Nubes, no. 38409; La Hondura, no. 37692; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50528. DistrisutTion: Mexico; West Indies; South America. The plants referred here to B. tomentosa form a very variable group, with the upper leaf margins varying from sharply serrate to obscurely sinuate; the upper leaf cells either long and narrow, with strongly incrassate walls, or shorter and less evidently thickened laterally; the papillae varying from low and rounded to sharp conical forms that give the leaf surface a very rough appearance; the costa may be percurrent or long-excurrent, and either sharply serrate or nearly smooth. It seems impossible to correlate definitely any of these characters, but there are two forms that stand out rather obviously: One with faleate-secund leaves com- prising nos. 38409, 37692, and 50528, which may represent the same plant as the Mexican forms referred to by Thériot,‘ and the other with the stems slightly or not at all tomentose, comprising nos. 51550 and 51419 from Cerro de las Lajas. Breutelia brittoniae Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31!: 161. 1893. Las Nubes, no. 38670. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Breutelia chrysea (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1873-74: 98. 1875. Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42137; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43551, 43688. DistTRIBUTION: South America. Orthotrichaceae Zydogon pungens C. M. Bot. Zeit. 20: 361. 1862. Fl Muifieco, no. 33611a. DistrRisuTION: Guatemala; South America. Zygodon reinwardatii (Hoch.) A. Br. Bry. Eur. IV. Mon. 9. 1838. Volean de Turriaiba, no. 35156; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43841a. DistRiBpuTION: Alaska; Mexico; South America; Java; Africa. Zygodon liebmannii Schimp. in C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 1: 673. 1849. Volean de Turrialba, no. 35070. DistrisuTion: Mexico. ‘Smiths. Misc. Coll. 78?: 20. 1926. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 81 Key To Costa Rican Species oF MACROMITRIUM Capsule small-mouthed, sulcate above; peristome single. (GONIOSTOMA.) M. didymodon. Capsule wide-mouthed, smooth or striate; peristome generally double. (LEIos- TOMA.) Leaves oblong-lingulate, obtuse and apiculate; basal cells short. ; M. apiculatum. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate; basal cells long. Capsules plicate. Seta rough. Capsules strongly plicate_------------------------ M. longifolium. Capsules lightly plicate to smooth_---------------- M. scleropelma. Seta smooth. Leaf margins with hyaline teeth at the insertion. Leaves 3 mm. long or more; secondary stems robust__M. verrucosum Leaves 2.5 mm. long or less; secondary stems short. Seta 8 mm. long; leaves oblong-lanceolate - - - - - M. refiexifolium. Seta 4 mm. long; leaves linear-lanceolate - - --- M. guatemalense. Leaf margins without hyaline teeth___.------------ M. attenuatum. Capsules smooth. Upper leaf cells elongate, with narrow lumens. Capsules cylindric; leaves 10 mm. long or less. Leaves 10 mm. long, filiform-acuminate, squarrose-spreading. M. fusco-aureum. Leaves 5 to 7 mm. long, acuminate, erect-spreading. M. subcirrhosum. Capsules globose-pyriform. Leaves less than 5 mm. long_--------------------- M, williamsi. Leaves 12 to 15 mm. long_......----------------------M. standleyi. Upper leaf cells short. Leaves 5-ranked, acute_------------------------ M. pentastichum. Leaves not ranked, acuminate. Leaf cells mammillose. Seta 4 to 5 mm. long; capsule 1.5 mm. long------- M. hirtellum. Seta 10 mm. long or more; capsule 2 mm. long. M. mammillosum. Leaf cells smooth or nearly so. Upper leaf cells round-quadrate, in rows------- M. costaricense. Upper leaf cells oval, not in rows, incrassate. Median cells in straight rows with furrows between. M. palmense. Median ceils not in straight rows. Leaves about 3 mm. long, crispate-cirrhate when dry.® Leaves erect-spreading when moist; seta 15 mm. long or less.....----------------------------- M. cirrhosum. Leaves squarrose-spreading when moist; seta up to 25 mm. long. ----------------------------- M. werckleanum. Leaves 5 mm. long or more. Leaves about 5 mm. long, flexuose when dry. ' M. tonduzii. Leaves 7 to 10 mm. long, crispate-cirrhate when dry. M. fuscescens. 5M. barbense Ren. & Card. seems to belong here. 82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Macromitrium didymodon Schwaegr. Suppl. 2?: 138. pl. 190. 1827. Along Rio Reventado, no. 49387. Distribution: Brazil; Bolivia. Not known before from north of Brazil. Macromitrium apiculatum (Hook.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 311. 1827. Vicinity of Tilaran, nos. 44346, 44404; Hamburg Finca, no. 48696a; La Tejona, no. 45921; along Rio Reventado, no. 49422; San Isidro Coronado, February 19, 1924, Anastasio Alfaro, DisTRisuTION: Mexico; Central America; South America. Macromitrium longifolium (Hook.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 309, 738. 1827. Viento Fresco, no. 47829b; Las Nubes, no. 38488; near Finca la Cima, no. 42719; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47757; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42301. Distripution: Central America; South America. Macromitrium verrucosum Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 19, Autoicous? Primary stems slender, bare, creeping, the secondary erect, 3 to 4 em. high, in rather dense tufts, dichotomously branched, brownish and radicu- lose below, yellowish green above; leaves 2.5 to 3 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, Fig. 19.—Macromitrium verrucosum Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; Band C, stem leaves, X 8; D, apex of leaf, x 42; E, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240; F, median leaf cells, X 240; G, dry capsule, x 8; H, calyptra, X 8 acute or short-acuminate, carinate, cirrhate-crisped when dry, squarrose-spread- ing when moist; margins undulate and serrulate about one-third of the way down, plane and entire below; costa ending just below the apex; upper leaf cells oval or rounded, about 12 u in diameter, often larger toward the costa and smaller toward the margins, strongly mammillose on both surfaces, toward the base elongate, narrowly linear, verrucose with high conical tubercles; perichae- tial leaves similar, with longer upper cells, especially toward the margins, and less strongly mammillose; seta about 1 em. long, pale red, smooth; capsule ovoid, about 2 mm. high without the lid, tapering to a short neck, with 6 or 7 distinct ribs extending from the rim to the base; peristome double, of two con- centric papillose cylinders about 0.225 mm. high, irregularly cleft on the edges; lid slenderly rostrate, about as long as the capsule; spores papillose up to 30 u in diameter. Type: On tree, oak forest near Quebradillas, about 7 km. north of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,800 meters, Paul C. Standley, December 24, 1925, no. 43023. Also from Finca la Cima, no. 42596. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 83 This species seems to approach M. tortuosum most closely, but is distinct in the upper leaf cells, which are nearly twice as large and more strongly mammil- lose; the leaves are also more sharply acute and the upper margins more strongly undulate. The tall secondary stems separate the species from M. rhystophyllum C. M., the longer, acutely pointed leaves from M. reflexifolium Mitt., and the longer seta from M. guatemalense C. M. Macromitrium reflexifolium Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 211. 1869. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41677. DistriBsuTIoN: Guatemala. Macromitrium guatemalense C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 2: 644. 1851. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43471. DistRIBUTION: Guatemala. Macromitrium fusco-aureum Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 20. Dioicous? Primary stems creeping, the secondary robust, in dense tufts up to 6 cm. long, branched, without radicles, glossy dark brown below, lurid yellowish green above; leaves 8 to 10 mm. long, narrowly linear-lanceolate, long subulate- ( ya Wy Les a a —_ \ \) WW N (\ JAN) i A 4 bh » 4 f My 4 f A) eee \ ON ee 1 yp ‘), et SS << ~ 4 Fic. 20.—Macromitrium fusco-aureum Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B, leaf, X 5.5; C, apex of leaf, X 42; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240 acuminate, widely flexuous-spreading and spirally contorted when dry, abruptly squarrose-spreading from a short erect plicate clasping base when moist; leaf cells all elongate and smooth, the upper about 35 to 40 u long, with irregularly thickened lateral walls, pitted, the median similar, with more evident interme- diate furrows, the lower long and narrow, with strongly pitted, yellowish-pellucid walls; basal margin entire and narrowly recurved, plane above, remotely serru- late in the upper half; seta 2 em. long, reddish; capsule cylindric, 2 mm. long, wide-mouthed, smooth, gradually tapering to a short neck; peristome unknown (the only capsule seen is old and imperfect). Typr: On tree, Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Here- dia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 3, 1926, no. 50403. This species is somewhat similar to M. subcirrhosum C. M., but the habit is much more robust and the leaves are nearly twice as long, from an erect clasp- ing base, and are much more slenderly acuminate. In reality, the only charac- ters the two plants have in common are the elongate leaf cells and cylindric capsules. 84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Macromitrium subcirrhosum C. M. Bot. Zeit. 20: 373. 1862. Fig. 21. Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52145; Cerros de Zurqui, nos, 50335, 50381, 50419, 50373; Yerba Buena, no. 50050a. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica. \\ \ e NW \ we TAN \ i N , | uae FIG. 21.—Macromitrium subcitrhosum C.M. A, moist plant, natural size; B and C, stem leaves, X 6; D, apex of stem leaf, x 42; E, upper leaf cells and margin, * 240; F, apex of inner perichaetial, leaf, x 42; G, dry capsule, X 5.5 Macromitrium williamsi Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 22. Autoicous? Primary stems creeping, bare, the secondary erect, short, 15 to 20 mm. high, radiculose, branched, in rather loose, yellowish green tufts, brown below; comal leaves about 5 mm. long, the lower about 4 mm. long, linear-lance- olate, acuminate, erect, flexuose and spirally contorted when dry, spreading when moist, carinate and lightly plicate in the lower half, denticulate about halfway My ) Fig. 22.—Macromitrium williamsi Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B and C, stem leaves, X 8; D, apex of stem leaf, X 42; EH, upper leaf cells and margin about one-third down, < 240; F, moist, operculate capsule, * 8 down; costa excurrent into a short denticulate yellowish hair-point; leaf cells elongate, the upper in rows, smooth, averaging about 18 yw long, with narrow lumens; lateral walls incrassate, sinuate and pellucid, with evident furrows between the rows; median cells longer, up to 30 u long, in rows with intermediate furrows, the lower cells narrowly linear, with thick yellowish-pellucid walls, ver- rucose with rather low, rounded papillae; perichaetial leaves shorter and broader BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 85 than the stem leaves; upper cells shorter and smaller, the basal cells smooth; costa percurrent or short-excurrent; seta red, smooth, 8 to 10 mm. long; capsule ovoid, smooth, about 1.25 mm. long, short-necked; peristome double, of concen- tric papillose cylinders about 75 uw high, the outer split about one-quarter of the way down, the inner paler, irregularly cleft; lid rostrate, about equaling the capsule; calyptra smooth, without hairs (immature). Tyre: On tree, La Hondura, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, Paul C. Standley, March 24, 1924, no. 36405. This species is smaller than M. flavopilosum R.S. Williams, with more slenderly acuminate leaves, shorter and more denticulate hair-points, and the upper cells in rows with intermediate furrows. M. scoparium Mitt. is a much more robust plant with larger leaves and the upper cells not in rows, and M. wophyllum Mitt., from South America, has a seta twice as long, the median leaf cells in oblique rows, and the leaves more distinctly bordered with narrow cells in the upper half. at) Ki > iN Des st aC A FIG. 23.—Macromitrium standleyi Bartr. A, end of stem, natura] size; B, branch leaf, X 6; C, section from upper part of leaf, X 40; D, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, X 240; E, dry capsule, X 6 Macromitrium standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 23. Autoicous; antheridial buds gemmiform, in small clusters on the ventral side of the nerve of the primary stem leaves. Primary stems creeping, 15 cm. long, or more, slender, without radicles; leaves closely imbricated, appressed or secund toward the ends; secondary branches about 2 cm. long, simple, golden brown, densely foliate; leaves up to 17 to 18 mm. long, flexuose-spreading, more or less distinctly secund, narrowly linear-lanceolate, very gradually narrowed to a long filiform-acuminate point; costa red, excurrent into a long denticulate hair-point; margins strongly undulate-crisped in the upper two-thirds, irregularly ciliate- dentate about halfway down, denticulate to the base; leaf cells elongate, the upper and median about 40 » long, with narrow lumens and pitted incrassate walls, longer and narrower toward the margins, smooth, the lower long and narrow, with thick yellowish-pellucid walls, strongly verrucose with knoblike papillae; seta about 2 cm. long, red, smooth; capsule globose-pyriform, reddish brown, about 1.75 mm. long by 1.50 mm. wide, abruptly contracted to a short sulcate neck; peristome evidently double (capsules all old and imperfect); lid unknown; calyptra (immature) smooth, without hairs, laciniate at the base. 86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type: On tree, Cerro de las Caricias, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juve- nal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 52147, Also from Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52247. This beautiful species is characterized at sight by the long, undulate-crisped, ciliate-dentate leaves, the tawny color, and the elongate stems with short remote branches. What I assume to be the primary stems are evidently prostrate ; the leaves in the older parts are closely appressed and more or less abraded, in the median and terminal parts loosely flexuose-spreading and seeund. Fic. 24.—Macromitrium standleyi Bartr. var. subundulatum Bartr. A, stem and branch, natural size; B, section from upper part of leaf, x 42 Macromitrium standleyi Bartr. var. subundulatum Bartr., var. nov. Fia. 24. Similar to the species but with the branch leaves more strongly secund, less undulate in the upper half, and only denticulate on the upper margins (not ciliate-dentate as in the species). Type: On tree, Cerro de las Caricias, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 52096. Macromitrium pentastichum C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 1: 731. 1849. La Colombiana Farm, no. 36892; Hamburg Finca, no. 48704. DistripuTion: Mexico; West Indies; South America. Fic. 25.—Macromitrium hirtellum Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B and C, two stem leaves, X 8; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240; E, part of cross section from upper part of leaf, X 240; ¥, apex of perichaetial leaf, X 40; G, calyptra, X 8; H, lid, X 8 Macromitrium hirtellum Bartr., sp. nov. : Fia. 25. Autoicous; antheridial buds gemmiform on the ventral side of the nerves of the older leaves. Primary stems creeping, bare, the secondary erect, sparingly branched, about 2 cm. high, radiculose at the base, in rather loose, yellowish BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 87 green tufts; leaves 3 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, short-acuminate, erect and flexuosely contorted when dry, flexuose-spreading when moist, carinate, serrulate about halfway down; costa short-excurrent; upper leaf cells rounded-quadrate, hardly incrassate, mammillose on both surfaces, up to 12 « in diameter, gradu- ally elongated toward the base, in rows with intermediate furrows, the lowest cells linear, smooth; perichaetial leaves up to 5 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, abruptly contracted to a linear denticulate point; costa excurrent; cells in the lower two-thirds of the leaf elongate, in rows with furrows between; walls unequally thickened and pitted, gradually becoming shorter, rounded and mammillose toward the apex; seta 6 to 8 mm. long, red, smooth; capsule globose-pyriform, about 1.75 mm. high, smooth, abruptly contracted to a short sulcate neck; peristome not seen (capsules all too old); lid rostrate from a convex base, about 1 mm. long; calyptra laciniate at the base, long-pilose. Type: On tree, Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, Province of Guana- caste, Costa Rica, altitude about 700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, no. 46257, January 27, 1926. This species is readily separated from M. mammillosum by the shorter scta, smaller capsule, and especially by the pilose calyptra. QUAY Dh f (e) 0 6 x ) CG () Mn Fic. 26.— Macromitrium mammillosum Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; Band C, stem leaves, X 8; D, apex of stem leaf, X 42; E, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, * 240; F, median leaf cells, X 240; G, part of cross section from upper part of leaf, X 240 Macromitrium mammillosum Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 26. Autoicous? Primary stems creeping, bare, the secondary erect, branched above, 5 to 6 cm. high, dark brown in the older parts, yellowish green above, in loose tufts; leaves 2.5 to 3 mm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, lightly plicate, car- inate, serrulate about halfway down, flexuous-crisped when dry, erect-spreading when moist; upper leaf cells elliptic, very incrassate, in rows with evident furrows between, up to 16 or 18 w long toward the costa, shorter and nearly round toward the margins, mammillose on both sides, the median cells in rows with intermediate furrows, elongate, with thickened pitted walls, smooth, the lower cells linear, smooth or with a few low rounded papillae on the upper sur- face; costa percurrent, or vanishing just below the apex; perichaetial leaves similar but about 4 mm. long and more slenderly acuminate; seta 12 to 15 mm. long, smooth, flexuous; capsule about 2 mm. high, globose-pyriform, smooth, abruptly contracted to a short sulcate neck; lid and peristome unknown; calyptra smooth, without hairs, deeply laciniate at the base. 88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type: On tree, Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 8, 1926, no. 50384. This species and M. hirtellum form a distinct group characterized by the short mammillose upper leaf cells. In habit they closely resemble M. cirrhosum, but under a microscope the upper leaf cells are very different. Macromitrium costaricense Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 27. Autoicous? Primary stems bare, creeping, the secondary erect, branched, somewhat radiculose below, about 2 cm. high, in dense tufts, yellowish green above, brownish beneath; leaves 3 to 3.25 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, short- acuminate, serrulate toward the apex, entire below, carinate and lightly plicate in the lower half, cirrhate-crisped when dry, flexuose-spreading when moist; upper leaf cells short, rounded-quadrate or rhomboidal, thin-walled, about 7 to 10 uw in diameter, smooth, in straight rows, the median leaf cells oval-rectangular, somewhat larger, in rows with evident intermediate furrows, the lower cells long and narrow, with thick yellowish-pellucid sinuate walls nearly smooth or with a few low rounded obscure papillae; costa excurrent into a short denticulate point; perichaetial leaves about 4 mm. long, narrower than the stem leaves, more slenderly acuminate; costa longer excurrent and the cells more elongate; a - 8 8 p a Or A . , c D Fig. 27.—Macromitrium costaricense Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B and C, two stem leaves, X 8; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X 249; E, median leaf cells, X 240 seta 8 to 10 mm. long, red, smooth; capsule ovoid, contracted to a short sulcate neck, about 1.5 mm. long; peristome double; lid rostrate, a little shorter than the capsule; calyptra smooth, without hairs, laciniate to about the middle in the lower part. Type: On tree, La Palma, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, Paul C. Standley, March 17, 1924, no. 38023. This species has the facies of M. cirrhoswm, but the upper leaf cells are dense, in straight rows, and not at all incrassate, and the median leaf cells in rows with intermediate furrows. Macromitrium palmense R. 58. Williams, Torreya 14: 25. 1914. La Hondura, no. 37628a. DistripuTion: Costa Rica. Macromitrium cirrhosum (Hedw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 1: 316, 738, 798. 1827. Vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47472, 47490, 47757a, 47452; Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 35628, 34474, 34359; La Estrella, no. 39399; Los Ayotes, no. 45356; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 48041a, 50616a, 50502; Alto de la Estrella, no. 39073; Yerba Buena, nos. 49131, 49970, 50070, 49066, 49190, 49137; between Aserri and Tar- baca, nos. 34200, 34116; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52213a; Ia Hondura, nos. 37653, 51822; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47490, 47757a, 47452; Quebrada Serena, no. 46230. Distrispution: West Indies; Guatemala; South America. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 89 Macromitrium werckleanum Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 307. 1921. Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50515; Zurqui, no. 48124; Yerba Buena, no. 50050; La Hondura, no. 51799. DistTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. This species is very close to M. cirrhosum but may be specifically distinct in the longer seta and squarrose direction of the leaves on the moist plants. The spiral ranking of the leaves is a difficult character to determine satisfactorily, judging from my own experience, and some 0° the plants of M. cirrhosum with erect-spreading leaves and short setae show this arrangement just as clearly. M. cirrhosum is apparently a common and rather variable species in osta Rica, and some of the more robust forms with longer setae are difficult to separate satisfactorily from this species. Macromitrium tonduzii Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31': 155. 1892. La Hondura, nos. 51843, 37885a, 36458; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36571; Yerba Buena, no. 49939b; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52168; Cerro de la Carpin- tera, nos. 35600, 35588; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50440, 50550; La Palma, nos. 37283, 38019, 32919, 33030, 33220. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Fic. 28.— Macromitrium fuscescens Bartr. A, moist plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, X 5.5; C, one side of lamina from upper part of leaf, X 240; D, median leaf cells, X 240 Macromitrium fuscescens Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 28. Dioicous? Primary stems creeping, rather rough with old abraded leaves, dark brown, the secondary erect, densely tufted, 5 to 6 cm. high, tawny, yellow- ish green above, dark brown below, branched, scarcely radiculose toward the base; leaves 7 to 10 mm, long, linear-lanceolate, rather abruptly spreading from a short, suberect, lightly plicate base, gradually long filiform-acuminate, more or less faleate toward the ends, flexuose-spreading, crisped and contorted when dry, widely flexuose-spreading when moist, carinate, rather sharply denticulate toward the apex, sinuate-denticulate in the median and lower portions; costa reddish, excurrent into a long flexuous denticulate yellowish hair-point; upper leaf cells short, elliptic or rounded-quadrate, smooth, the marginal row elongate; median leaf cells rectangular, with rounded corners, in rows with evident inter- mediate furrows; lower cells long and narrow, with thick pitted yellowish- pellucid walls, smooth. Sporophyte unknown. 90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type: On tree, La Palma, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,800 meters, Paul C. Standley, March 17, 1924, no. 38011. Very different in color and habit from M. subcirrhosum, with much longer, narrower leaves, and clearly distinct from M. fusco-aureum by the short rounded upper leaf cells. Micromitrium schlumbergeri Schimp. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 191. 1872. Vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44427; vicinity of San Jose, altitude about 1,150 meters, no. 33267. DistriputTion: Mexico. This species was previously known only from Mexico. Micromitrium lamprocarpum (C. M.) Par. La Hondura, no. 36351; Dulce Nombre, no. 35809; La Ventolera, no. 34573; La Estrella, no. 39552; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36571a; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42532; Viento Fresco, no. 47829; Yerba Buena, no. 49135; Quebradillas, no. 42952; vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44362. DIstRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Rhacopilaceae Rhacopilum tomentosum (Swartz) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 719. 1827. Finca las Concavas, no. 41446a; Quebrada Serena, no. 46252; La Hondura no. 36616; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, nos. 32504, 32513; El Muiieco, nos. 33617, 33611d, 33470; vicinity of Tilaran, nos. 44343, 44455; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35528; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 43351, 42431. DisTRIBUTION: Cosmopolitan in tropical and subtropical regions. Hedwigiaceae Rhacocarpus apiculatus (Ren. & Card.) Par. Ind. Bryol. 1068. 1894-98. Volean de Barba, Manuel Valerio 40. Rhacocarpus humboldtii (Hook.) Lindb. Ofv. Svensk. Akad. Férh. 603. 1863. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43609. DisrrisuTion: Mexico; South America; Africa. Crypheaceae Cryphea nitidula Schimp. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 213. 1872. Viento Fresco, no. 47878b. DistrisutTion: Mexico; Costa Rica. Leucodontaceae Pseudocryphea flagellifera (Brid.) E. G. Britton, Bull. Torrey Club. 82: 261. 1905. Vicinity of Tilaran, no. 46658. DistrRiBUTION: Florida; West Indies; Central America; South America. Lepyrodontaceae Lepyrodon tomentosus (Hook.) Mitt. var. latifolius Bartr., var. nov. Fig. 29, a. Distinguished from the species by the broader leaves, abruptly narrowed to a rather short, subulate-acuminate point. TypeE: On tree, Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, alti- tude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 29 1925 to January 1, 1926, no. 43841. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 9] Although the plants in this number are not at all characteristic of the species, . I have given them varietal rank until further material is available. The costa ending about mid-leaf, or double and shorter with unequal forks, precludes Lepyrodontopsis, but the leaves are much broader and shorter in the point than in typical material of L. tomentosus from South America. This seems to be the first record for the genus north of South America. Prionodontaceae Kery to Costa Rican SPECIES OF PRIONODON Secondary stems usually lax, elongate and pinnately branched --_P. luteovirens. Secondary stem shorter, more strict, simple or forked. Leaves squarrose-spreading when moist; cells of the basal angles elongate, 1:4 or 6___------------------------------------ P. fusco-lutescens. Leaves erect-spreading when moist; cells of the basal angles short, 1:1 or 2. Median and upper leaf cells elongate and strongly porose-_----- P. lozanoi. Median and upper leaf cells short and hardly porose__-------- P. densus. Fig. 29.—Lepyrodon tomentosus (Hook.) Mitt. var. latifolius Bartr, A,stem leaf, X 16. Prionodon densus (Swartz) C. M. var. crispatulus Bartr. B and C, two stem leaves, X 5.5; D, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240; EZ, median leaf cells and margin, * 240 Prionodon luteovirens (Tayl.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 417. 1869. Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51509c; La Palma, nos. 38168c, 38244; Zurqui, no. 48179; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43696, 43593, 43546, 43543. Distrigution: Ecuador; Bolivia. I have been utterly unsuccessful in the attempt to find any specific characters of value that might distinguish this species from any of the following: Prionodon laeviusculus Mitt.; P. longissimus Ren. & Card.; P. patentissimus Besch. Mr. Standley’s series seems to break down definitely the specific distinctions between these species, and they are, to my mind, all forms of the one type which ranges from Costa Rica southward to Bolivia. Prionodon fusco-lutescens Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 4: 356. 1865. La Palma, nos. 33219, 38005, 32925; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35026; La Estrella, no. 39443; Alto de la Estrella, no. 39131; Vientd Fresco, no. 47765; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42316; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43825; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50536; La Hondura, no. 51812. DistrRisuTIOoN: Colombia; Bolivia. This, like the preceding species, seems to find its northern limit of distribution in the mountains of Costa Rica. There do not seem to be any distinctive char- acters separating it from P. divaricatus Mitt., and I believe the latter name should be reduced to synonymy. 92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Prionodon densus (Swartz) C. M. Bot. Zeit. 2: 129. 1844. La Hondura, nos. 51837, 37744, 37895; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41919, Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41814 (forma); Volean de Turrialba, no. 35012, 35130; La Palma, no. 38078; Viento Fresco, nos. 47907, 47919; El Mufieco, nos. 33577, 33493b; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47588a, 47601a; between Aserri and Tarbaca, nos. 34122, 41392a; Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 34247, 35528a, 34250a. Distripution: Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies. This seems to be a common and very variable moss in Costa Rica. The leaves from different collections, and even in the same number, vary considerably in outline, and it is impossible to draw any satisfactory line o° demarcation between the typical form and the plant described y Thériot under the name Prionodon mexicanus. I have segregated the extremes of this form, and another variant with crispate leaves, as varieties, but it is questionable whether they are anything more than forms of a very polymorphic species. Prionodon densus normally has simple stems, but in the above series some of the plants are irregularly, or even pinnately branched; the stem leaves are abruptly narrowed from an oblong or ovate base to the almost linear point, which is fragile and coarsely and irregu- larly dentate on the margins; branch leaves narrower, more gradually acuminate from a narrower base, coarsely dentate, or even ciliate-dentate with teeth com- posed of 3 to 5 cells and laciniate toward the apex; upper and median leaf cells oval to rhomboidal, rather short, unipapillate on the back, or often on both sur- faces in the young leaves; the marginal rows more elongate, rectangular to linear and smooth with straight pellucid walls (the inner cells are sometimes slightly porose but rarely conspicuously so); marginal cells at the basal angles short, nearly isodiametric, with very angular, porose walls. Prionodon densus (Swartz) C. M. var. mexicanus (Thér.) Bartr. Prionodon mexicanus Thér. Smiths. Mise. Coll. 78?: 24. 1926. Volean de Turrialba, no. 35069; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42292; along the Rio Reventado, no. 49487a. Prionodon densus (Swartz) C. M. var. crispatulus Bartr., var. nov. Fia, 29, B-E Differentiated from typical P. densus by the strongly crisped leaf points. Type: On tree, between Aserri and Tarbaca, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 to 1,900 meters, Paul C. Standley, February 12, 1924, no. 34171. Pterobryaceae Pterobryopsis mexicana (Schimp.) Fleish. Hedwigia 45: 60. 1905. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43252. DistRiBuTion: Mexico. Orthostichidium pentagonum (Hamp. & Lor.) C. M. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 1897: 205. 1897. El Mufieco, nos. 33493, 51094; El Arenal, no. 45240. DistrRiBuTIon: Mexico; Costa Rica; Ecuador. Orthostichopsis tetragona (Swartz) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pllanzenfam. 13: 805. 1909. Vicinity of Capulin, no. 40162; Naranjos Agrios, no. 46380; vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44405; Hamburg Finca, nos. 48688, 48730. DistriBuTION: Mexico; Central America; northern South America; West Indies. Pireella mariae (Card.) Card. Rev. Bryol. 40: 17. 1913. Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 34249, 34284. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 93 Pterobryum angustifolium (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 426. 1869. La Tejona, no. 45927; El Silencio, no. 44618; Naranjos Agrios, no. 46404. DistRiBUTION: West Indies; Colombia. Not previously known from Central America. This species is very clearly distinguished from P. denswm by the almost entire branch leaves, plicate only at the base and with the costa percurrent; also by the lower stem leaves, which are abruptly squarrose from a clasping base, as compared with the squamiform appressed leaves of P. densum. Pterobryum densum (Schwaegr.) Hornsch. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 1: 50. 1840. Yerba Buena, nos. 49690, 49878; Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 34500, 34247a; vicinity of Orosi, nos. 39755, 39865; Viento Fresco, no. 47885; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42144; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47601c, 47594, 47699; Laguna de la Escuadra, nos. 41923, 42041; Zurqui, no. 48093. DistrisutTion: Mexico; Central America; South America. Some of the plants listed above are lax in habit, with long flexuose branches and rather distant, narrow, slenderly acuminate leaves, but there is no difference in the sporophyte characters, and they are evidently all forms of one specific type. Meteoriaceae Squamidium nigricans (Hook.) Broth. in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13: 808. 1909. La Tejona, no. 45933a; La Hondura, no. 51832; Hamburg Finca, no. 48695; El Silencio, no. 44801; Los Ayotes, no. 45493. Disrrisution: Mexico; South America; West Indies. Squamidium longipilum (Schimp.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam- 13: 809. 1909. Las Nubes, no. 38424. DistrisuTIoNn: Guadeloupe; Costa Rica. Squamidium macrocarpum (Schimp.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13; 809. 1909. Vicinity of Tilaran, no. 44391; El Muijieco, no. 33611b. Distrispution: Costa Rica; Peru. Pilotrichella rigida (C. M.) Besch. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16: 222. 1872. Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32514; Alto de la Estrella, no. 39077; La Colom- biana Farm, no. 36813; Zurqui, no. 48271; La Ventolera, nos. 34654, 34670; vicinity of Tilaran, nos. 44363, 44342; La Estrella, no. 39256; between Aserri and Tarbaca, nos. 41335, 41392, 34052; El Silencio, nos. 44692, 44646; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47453, 47634, 47588b, 47601; along Rio Reventado, nos. 49480, 49501; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 42835, 41736; Quebradillas, no. 42951; vicin- ity of Pejivalle, nos. 47143, 47153; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41981; Yerba Buena, no. 49662; El Mufieco, nos. 33486, 33421, 51092, 33544, 33552, 51037, 50955; Los Ayotes, nos. 45513, 45533, 45489. DistTRiBUTION: Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica. A very common and variable species, at least in Costa Rica. I have a sus- picion that this species, together with P. viridis, P. hexasticha, P. pulchella, and probably some others, form a closely related group that might, without much violence to natural laws, be united into one composite type. The spiral arrange- ment of the branch leaves is a rather intangible character, and the more lax, elongated forms that are described under the name P. pulchella pass so imper- ceptibly into the plants with shorter and more rigid branches that it seems impossible to separate them. 94682—28 4 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pilotrichella pulchella Schimp. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 16 :222. 1872. Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 42075; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47705. DistrRiBUTION: Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica. The two collections listed above are simply the extremes of the series noted under the previous species. Pilotrichella flexilis (Swartz) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 258. 1877. Zurqui, no. 48229b; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50502a; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43544a; La Palma, no. 32969a; El Mufieco, nos. 33675, 50882, 33582; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35586; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35082; between Asserri and Tarbaca, nos. 34176, 34136; vicinity of Orosi, nos. 39817, 39857; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47448; Quebradillas, no. 42982; Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52022b, 52175; Yerba Buena, nos. 49090, 49197; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41635; Finca las Concavas, no. 41487; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47059. Distrisution: Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies. Pilotrichella flexilis (Swartz) Jaeg. var. robusta Broth. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47657; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42309; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43867, 43692; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50360, 50498a; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35307; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35718; La Palma, no. 38007. DistRIBUTION: Same as the species. KEY To tHe Costa Rican SPECIES OF PAPILLARIA Leaves with long capillary hair-points_-__.......___.-..-........_..-.....P. deppei. Leaves without capillary hair-points. Leaves loosely imbricated when dry, strongly auricled at the base. Leaf auricles large, inflated, incised-serrate___...____-.....P. oerstediana. Leaf auricles smaller, sulcate, serrate____..____..__......P. imponderosa. Leaves closely imbricated when dry; base cordate. Leaf cells elliptic; secondary stems often with flagelliform branches. P. appressa. Leaf cells linear; secondary stems without flagellae._.......-.- P. nigrescens. Papillaria deppei (Hornsch.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 264. 1877. Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 34266, 35526; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32528; near Carmen Station, no. 48353; along Rio Reventado, no. 49439; between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 34109; vicinity of Cartago, no. 33354; Los Ayotes, no. 45431; Zurqui, nos. 48128, 48151. DistripuTion: Mexico; Central America; West Indies. Papillaria oerstediana (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Ges. 1875-76: 266. 1877. Alto de la Estrella, no. 39323; Viento Fresco, no. 47880; El Mufieco, no. 33682; Yerba Buena, no. 50120; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50527; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47491. Distrrisution: Costa Rica. The distinction between this and the following species is by no means obvious. The form with large, erose-margined, incurved leaf auricles is referred here, but as the shape and size of these auricles varies considerably, even on the same stem, the distinction is by no means satisfactory, and I suspect they may rep- resent only forms of one species. Papillaria imponderosa (Tayl.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1?: 815. 1909. . El Mufeco, no. 33498c; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41742b; Viento Fresco, no. 47869; Yerba Buena, no. 49683; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 51992; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50462. Distripution: Mexico; Central America; South America. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 95 Papillaria appressa (Hornsch.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 266.- 1877. Dulce Nombre, no. 35919; El Silencio, no. 44570; along Rio Reventado, nos. 49533, 49630; Hamburg Finca, no. 48696; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46738; La Tejona, no. 45944. DistriguTion: Mexico; Costa Rica; South America. Papillaria nigrescens (Swartz) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 265. 1877. Vicinity of San Jose, no. 47332; vicinity of Zapote, no. 40274; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36894; along Rio Maria Aguilar, no. 38949; El Muiieco, nos, 51127 (forma), 33470c. DistrisuTion: Southern United States; Mexico; Costa Rica; South America; China. Meteorium undulifolium Broth. & Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 311, 1921. Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51487; El Mufieco, nos. 33552a, 33767a; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42375a (forma); Quebradillas, no. 43019a; La Estrella, no. 39333a; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47021a, 47158. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. This species is very close to M. illecebrum (C. M.) Mitt., but may be distinct in the narrower leaf cells with mare incrassate lateral walls, and in the more strongly undulate margins. Lindigia aciculata (Tayl.) C. M. Linnaea 42: 402. 1879-81. La Estrella, no. 39202a. . DistRiBUTION: Western South America; Costa Rica. Barbelia tenuissima (Hook. & Wils.) Fleisch. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47705b; Il Mufieco, no. 33493a; Viento Fresco, nos. 47880a, 47933a; Zurqui, no. 48229; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52008. DistrigutTion: Costa Rica; western South America. Meteoriopsis remotifolia (Hornsch.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13; 825. 1906. Vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 47153a, 47114; El Mufieco, no. 33484a. Distrisution: Mexico; Costa Rica; South America. Meteoriopsis patula (Swartz) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1%: 825. 1906. . Along Rio Reventado, no. 49594; Finca Montecristo, no. 48569. DisrrisutTion: Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies. Meteoriopsis patula (Swartz) Broth. var. congesta Bartr., var. nov. Distinguished at sight by the densely pinnate-branched stems with short crowded branches. Typr: On tree, Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, January 21, 1926, no. 45530. Also from La Tejona, no. 45944a; vicinity of Tilaran, nos. 44391a, 44341. The short congested branches of these collections, all from the vicinity of Tila- ran, give the plants a very different appearance from the species, but as no other distinguishing characters have been found, it seems preferable to combine them with the type until sporophyte characters are available. Phyllogoniaceae Phyllogonium fulgens (Swartz) Brid. var. viride (Brid.) Bartr. Phyllogonium viride Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 673. 1827. 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM El Mufieco, no. 50916; Yerba Buena, no. 50090; Zurqui, nos. 48041, 48260; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47515. DistrisuTion: Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies. Phyllogonium fulgens (Swartz) Brid. var. gracile Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 41: 80. 1902-3. La Palma, nos. 33079, 38143, 37997; El Muiieco, no. 338929; Yerba Buena, no. 49855; Las Nubes, no. 38723; La Hondura, no. 36615; Alto de la Estrella, no. 39130; Zurqui, no. 48063a; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50507; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51508; Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52174, 52162a. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Phyllogonium viscosum (Palis.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 423. 1869. La Hondura, no. 37711; Las Nubes, no. 38857; La Estrella, no. 39195; La Palma, nos. 38017, 32969, 32921; Cerro de la Carpintera, nos. 35585, 35630, 34410, 34449; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42352; Cerro de Jas Lajas, no. 51494; El Mufieco, nos. 50890, 50978, 51113, 33776, Zurqui, no. 48267. DisTRIBUTION: Mexico; Central America; northern and western South America. Eucatagonium politum (Hook. & Wils.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. ed. 2. 11: 178. 1925. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43764a. DistrRiBuTION: Western South America; Australia; Tasmania; New Zealand. Neckeraceae Calyptothecium turgescens Broth. & Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 312. 1921. Rio Reventado, nos. 49436, 49577, 49541, 49485, 49439a; between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 34119; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32530; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 43238, 43125. DistriBuTIoNn: Costa Rica. ; This endemic species seems to differ constantly from C. duplicatum (Schwaegr.) Broth. in the more tumid stems and branches with obtuse tips, and in the coch- leariform leaves with numerous cylindrical propagula in the axils toward the ends of the branches and occasionally along the secondary stems. These prop- agula are present in the type material of the species, and occur in all of the Costa Rican collections, usually in abundance. In C. duplicatum the leaves are dis- tichous and the stems and branches very flat, while in C. turgescens the leaves are not cleary distichous but the stems and branches are more or less flattened when viewed laterally. Neckera chlorocaulis C. M. Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 663. 1851. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47453a. DistriBution: Mexico. Not previously known outside of Mexico. Neckera wercklei Broth. & Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 312. 1921. Viento Fresco, no. 47878a; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47453b, 47650; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43547. ‘Distrripution: Costa Rica. This species is very close to N. chilensis Schimp., from Colombia and Ecuador, but may be distinct in the shorter capsules with more elongate, less incrassate exothecal cells and in the peristome teeth, obscurely or not at all cross-striate at the base. Neckeropsis undulata (Palis.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.11: 187. 1925. Vicinity of Capulin, no. 40142a; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47153b. Disrrisution: Florida; West Indies; South America. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 97 Homalia glabella (Swartz) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 458. 1869. E] Silencio, no. 44737; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47141a. DistTRIBUTION: West Indies; Mexico. This species has never been found in fruit, and the above specimens, like others, show only sterile plants and plants with unfertilized archegonial flowers. Porotrichum plicatulum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 461. 1869. Vicinity of Capulin, no. 40142. DistrisuTion: Trinidad; South America. The first record for this little-known species in Central America. Porotrichum cobanense C. M. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 202. 1897. El Mufieco, nos. 51190, 50953, 33709; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35631; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42164; Los Ayotes, no. 45374; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 34290; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47601b, 47588; La Palma, no. 38179; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, nos. 32526, 32527, 32529; Laguna de la Escuadra, nos. 41999, 41938. DistripuTion: Guatemala; Panama. Porotrichum longirostre (Hook.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 461. 1869. Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52004, 52231a, 52022a; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47705a; La Palma, nos. 33070a, 32920a, 38168d, 38092; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50363; Las Nubes, no. 38776; El Mufieco, no. 50889a; vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 47124, 47174d, 46877a; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 50627b; Yerba Buena, no. 49690a; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51509. . DistkiBuTION: Colombia; Ecuador; Bolivia; Brazil. P. plagiorhynchium Ren. & Card. is distinguished, by the authors, from true P. longirostre by the stem and branch leaves less sle:derly and more broadly acuminate, and by the oblique beak of the operculum. The type of the former species, and several of the above numbers which are in good fruiting condition, compare almost identically with Weir no. 250 from Colombia, so far as the sporophyte is concerned, and as there is considerable variation in the shape of the leaves, I am strongly tempted t» believe that they all belong to the one specific type. Among the collections listed above is a series comprising nos. 47124, 47174d, 46877a, 32920a, 50627b, 52231a, 49690a, 51509, which have very narrow, acute branch leaves and numerous flagellate branches clothed with minute leaves. These plants are very similar in vegetative characters to P. insularum Mitt., but as the Costa Rican series is consistently sterile its actual status is uncertain. Porothamnium crassipes (Ren. & Card.) Fleisch. Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35044, 35116, 35129. DistrisuTiIon: Costa Rica. The lower squamiform stem leaves in these plants are obtuse and apiculate, either with or without an ill-defined costa. This species may be distinct from P. neckeraeforme (Hampe) Fleisch. from Costa Rica, Colombia, and Bolivia, but no material of the latter species is available for comparison. Lembophyllaceae Porotrichodendron superbum (Tayl.) Broth. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43593a, 43696a; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42262a. DistRIBUTION: Venezuela; Colombia, Ecuador; Bolivia. Rigodium gracile Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 32!: 197. 1893. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47653c. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica. 98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Pilotrichaceae Key to Costa Rican SprEcIEs OF PILOTRICHUM Ultimate branch leaves spirally imbricated in 3 rows__--_--- P. ramosissimum. Ultimate branch leaves not ranked. Leaf cells minute, 6 u long__._.____-_-_-__------__--------_- P. pallidum. Leaf cells larger, 10 w long or more. Branch leaves obtuse and mucronate.......---.------_- P. mucronatum. Branch leaves broadly acute_-_--.-_------------------- P. compositum. Pilotrichum ramosissimum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 388. 1869. Vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46877; El Mufieco, no. 50889. DIstTRIBUTION: Panama; Colombia. Pilotrichum pallidum Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 30, a-F. Dioicous? Secondary stems conspicuously reddish under the pale, dull green leaves, bipinnate or tripinnate, 4 to 6 cm. long, the ultimate branches slender and catenulate by the rather distant, incurved leaves; stem leaves 1.2 mm. long, JD) Fig. 30.—Pilotrichum pallidum Bartr. A, stem, one-half natural size; B, stem leaf, X 16; and D, two branch leaves, X 16; E, apex of stem leaf, x 240; F, median cells, Xx io, Cyclodictyon brittonae Bartr. G, part of stem, one-half natural size; H, lateral stem leaf, 8; J, median stem leaf, X 8; J, upper leaf cells and margin, < 240 broadly ovate, bluntly acute, concave, closely appressed to the stem below, slightly spreading with incurved points above; margin plane and entire below, minutely serrulate and reflexed above the middle; costae smooth on the back ending just below the apex; leaf cells very small, elliptic, up to 6 » long, smooth or minutely papillose; branch leaves 0.75 mm. long, broadly ovate, obtuse, apiculate, rather loosely imbricated with incurved points; costae ending about four-fifths of the way up, dentate on the back; brood filaments absent; margin serrulate almost to the base, often narrowly reflexed above the middle; cells minute, obscure as in the stem leaves. Sporophyte unknown. Type: On tree, El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 485 to 600 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, January 18 and 19, 1926 no. 45247. The minute obscure colorless areolation distinguishes this plant from any species with which it might be compared. Pilotrichum mucronatum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 389. 1869. La Colombiana Farm, no. 36886; Yerba Buena, no. 50047. DIstTRIBUTION: Jamaica; Costa Rica. Pilotrichum compositum (Swartz) Palis. Prodr. 82. 1805. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 46938; El Mufieco, no. 50905. . DistRiIBuTION: West Indies; Costa Rica; Venezuela. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES . 99 Hookeriaceae Daltonia aristifolia Bartr., sp. nov. Fie. 31. Autoicous. Stem erect, up to 1.5 cm. high, simple; leaves erect and some- what flexuous when dry, erect-spreading when moist, 3.5 mm. long, linear- lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, plicate; margin entire, plane below, incurved above the middle; costa slender, indistinct, disappearing about three-fourths of the way up; leaf cells elliptic-hexagonal, rather elongate, smooth, several rows toward the margin linear, forming a border which gradually widens toward the base; lower cells linear, several rows at the insertion lax and irregular, often colored brown; seta red, rough above; capsule erect, 1 mm. long; exothecal cells rounded, collenchymatous; peristome teeth reflexed when moist, linear-lanceolate, papillose, irregularly split along the median line; segments very narrow, yellow- ish, erect, densely papillose, as long as the teeth, from a low basal membrane barely projecting above the rim; calyptra and lid unknown; spores smooth, 12 u in diameter. Tyrer: Southern slope of Volean de Turrialba, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C. Standley, February 22, 1924, no. 35156a. Fic. 31.—Daltonia aristifolia Bartr. A, plant, natural size; B, leaf, X 16; C and D, two leaf apices, x 40; EF, upper leaf cells, X 240; F, basal angle of leaf, x 240 Distinct from D. splachnoides (Swartz) Hook. & Tayl. in the long-attenuate leaf points and the seta smooth below, and from both D. longifolia Tayl. and D, stenophylla Mitt. in the elongated upper leaf cells. According to description, D. lorifolia C. M. bas the leaf margins plane throughout. Adelothecium bogotense (Hampe) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 391. 1869. Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51509d; La Estrella, no. 39466a; Viento Fresco, no. 47829a. DistTRIBUTION: West Indies; Mexico; South America. The illustration of this species in both editions of Engler and Prantl shows high, split-pointed papillae over the lumens of the leaf cells, and the generic description brings out the same feature. None of the above collections from Costa Rica and none of the specimens I have examined from other localities show this character, from which it may be inferred that there are either two distinct species or, as is more likely, the illustration in this respect is in error. Hookeria acutifolia Hook. in Schwaegr. Suppl. 2?: 36. pl. 163. 1826. Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50399a. DistRiBuTIon: West Indies; South America; Java; Ceylon. 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Key To Costa RICAN SPECIES OF CYCLODICTYON Upper leaf cells isodiametric_______.---.---------------------- C. albicans. Upper leaf cells oval-hexagonal, longer than broad. Leaves abruptly apiculate from a rounded apex___----------- C. brittonae. Leaves gradually narrowed to a flexuose hair-point---------- C. rubrisetum. Cyclodictyon albicans (Swartz) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1°: 935, 1909. El Mufeco, nos. 51098, 51185b; La Estrella, no. 39233a; vicinity of San Jose, no. 47396; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52013; vicinivy of Pejivalle, nos. 47009. 46976a, 46951a, 47174c, 46988; La Tejona, no. 45775: Quebrada Serena, no. 46254. . DistrRiBuTioN: West Indies; Mexico; South America. There is more or less variation in the plants referred here. The upper leaf cells vary from 25 to 45 w in diameter,-the border toward the apex is of either one or two rows of cells, and the costae vary from smooth to remotely serrulate with short confluent, hyaline teeth; but the characters do not seem to be coordi- nated in any systematic way, and it seems impossible to segregate satisfactorily the plant described as C. humectatum Card. from Mexico. In nos. 45775, 46254, and 51098 the leaves are more sharply acute, the upper cells smaller, and the color brownish green. Cyclodictyon brittonae Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 30, a-J. Dioicous? Pale green; stems prostrate, up to 6 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide with leaves, denuded in the older parts, sparingly branched, slightly radiculose here and there; leaves loosely imbricate, in about 6 rows, those of the dorsal and ventral rows ovate, short acuminate, those of the lateral rows broader and more abruptly contracted to a short flexuose grooved point; margin entire below, sinuate above the middle and denticulate toward the apex; leaf cells lax, elliptic- hexagonal, up to 100 » long by 30 u wide, gradually narrowed to an indistinct border of elongated cells about 2 or 3 rows wide. Sporophyte unknown. Type: La Hondura, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 9, 1926, no. 51882a. The prostrate stems preclude the reference to any species of Lepidopilum, and the unusually large and lax areolation seems to give the plant a unique status in the genus in which it is placed. . Cyclodictyon rubrisetum (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1%: 936. 1909. El Mufieco, nos. 33931, 33765. DistRiIBuTION: Colombia. Callicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 353. 1877. La Hondura, no 36291a; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36866a; Hamburg Finca, no. 48807a; El Mufieco, no. 51185a; Finca Montecristo, nos. 48523, 48618; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39680a; vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37215. DistrRiBuTION: West Indies; Central America; South America. Callicostella oerstediana (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 354. 1877. Quebrada Serena, no. 46254b. DistrisutTion: Costa Rica. Key to Costa RIcaNn SPECIES OF HOOKERIOPSIS Leaves obtuse. Leaf margins coarscly serrate with split teeth_____._______-----. H. incurva. Leaf margins sinuate___._._..._.______------------_----- H. obtusifolia. ements ca_ BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 101 Leaves acute or acuminate. Leaves not transversely undulate. Leaf cells spiculose-papillose___._____.._....-----_- uu... H. subfalcata. Leaf cells not spiculose-papillose. Seta 1 cm. long or less; plants slender...__.______--.--- H. variabilis. Seta 2 to 3 cm. long; plants more robust________-________- H. falcata. Leaves transversely undulate. Leaves abruptly acute_...._-.._.-.-____--_--_---_--e ee H. laevinervis. Leaves acuminate. Leaf cells smooth_____.---__.------..--2.-----2 eee H. crispa. Leaf cells papillose___--.--.-.---___..-------_-----_-- H. standleyi. Hookeriopsis incurva (Hook. & Grev.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13: 942. 1909. Vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 47147, 47178; vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37487. DistriBuTIOoN: West Indies; Guatemala; South America. ¥ ) “iy NY: ave Fi. 32.— Hookeriopsis standleyi Bartr. A, plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, < 16; C, apex of leaf, dorsal view, X 40; D, part of upper leaf margin, X 240; E, median leaf cells, X 240. Hookeriopsis obtusifolia Bartr. F, plant, natural size; G and H, two leaves, X 16; J, apex of leaf, X 240; J, capsule, X 6; X, lid, X 8; L, calyptra, x 8 Hookeriopsis obtusifolia Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 32, F-L. Dioicous? No antheridial flowersfound. Stems prostrate, about 3 em. long, irregularly branched, slender, deep green; leaves falcate-secund, about 1.25 mm. long, lightly plicate, oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex; margin plane, entire below, sinuate toward the apex; costae ending about two-thirds of the way up, smooth on the back; leaf cells linear-flexuose with rounded ends, smooth, rather broader toward the base but hardly differentiated; inner perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 1.5 mm. long, the outer much smaller, broadly ovate, apiculate; seta up to 22 mm. long, red, smooth below, slightly roughened above; capsule horizontal, becoming pendent with age, ovoid-cylindric, pale brown, 1.5 mm. long; lid rostrate from a convex base; calyptra smooth, irregu- larly laciniate at the base; peristome teeth cross-striate with an evident median furrow; basal membrane about one-half as long as the teeth, papillose; segments broad, keeled, about 10 apertures along the median line, pale yellow, papillose. Type: On wet rocks, Cerro de las Caricias, north of San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, March 11, 1926, no. 52068. The falcate-secund obtuse leaves clearly distinguish this plant from any of its congeners, and I know of no species with which it might be compared. 102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Hookeriopsis subfalcata (Hampe) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 362. 1877. Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41971. DistriBuTION: Colombia. Hookeriopsis variabilis (Hornsch.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 362. 1877. El] Mufieco, nos. 51185, 51098b; Quebrada Serena, no. 46254b. DistrisuTion: Colombia; Bolivia; Brazil. Hookeriopsis falcata (Hook.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 363 1877. Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50570, 50399, 50618; Yerba Buena, no. 50002; Cerro. de las Caricias, no. 51984; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51476a; La Palma, nos. 38069a, 33070. DistRIBuTION: Guadeloupe; South America. Hookeriopsis crispa (C. M.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 358. 1877. Vicinity of Orosi, nos. 39880, 39831a, 39882; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52098; Yerba Buena, no. 49779; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51511; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50320, 50353; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 33563; El Mujieco, nos. 33672, 33668, 51217, 51342. DistTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; South America. Hookeriopsis standleyi Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 32, a-E. Dioicous? Pale green; stems prostrate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, more or less radiculose, irregularly branched; leaves uniform, erect-spreading, somewhat complanate, oblong-ovate, gradually acuminate, transversely undulate in the upper half, bluntly pointed; margin plane and entire below, undulate and _ irregularly recurved in the upper half, dentate above middle with simple or bifid teeth, especially toward the apex; costae dentate on the back above, disappearing just below the apex; leaf cells narrowly linear, papillose on the back by projecting ends; seta red, smooth as far as observed; capsule unknown. Type: On tree, vicinity of Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude about 900 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, February 7 and 8, 1926, no. 47155. The combination of papillose leaf cells and bifid marginal teeth suggests a relationship with H. rugulosa (Mitt.) Jaeg., from Ecuador, but this species has obtuse leaves. Lepidopilidium subdivaricatum (Ren. & Card.) Broth. in. Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1%: 944. 1909. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42431b. DistrRiIBuTION: Costa Rica. Lepidopilum subenerve Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 268. 1827. Vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47174c; El Mufieco, no. 33611f; vicinity of Capulin, no. 40142b. Distrrisution: West Indies; South America. Lepidopilum haplociliatum (C. M.) Par. Ind. Bryol. Suppl. 223. 1900. La Colombiana Farm, no. 36569a. DistTRIBUTION: Guatemala. Lepidopilum polytrichoides (Hedw.) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 269. 1827. El Arenal, no. 45257; El Silencio, nos. 44691, 44698; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47091; vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37102. Distrisution: Mexico; Costa Rica; South America; West Indies. Lepidopilum platyphyllum Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 32!: 192. 1893. Vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37339. DistRiBuTION: Costa Rica. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 103 Lepidopilum carneum Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 33. Evidently dioicous, no antheridial flowers found ; secondary stems up to 5 cm. high, sparingly branched, about 6 mm. wide with leaves when moist, rather blunt at the ends; lateral leaves fleshy, contorted when dry, about 4 mm. long, oblong-lingulate, obtuse, apiculate; margin plane, entire below, denticulate toward the apex; costae slender, ending a little above the middle; median leaves similar but broadly ovate in outline; upper and median leaf cells hexagonal- rhomboidal, about 90 » long by 35 u wide, becoming rectangular toward the base and gradually elongated toward the margins, blending with the border which is about 2 cells wide near the apex and indistinctly wider below, pellucid, thin- walled, in cross section nearly square or deeper than wide. Sporophyte unknown. Type: On tree, La Estrella, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, Paul C. Standley, March 26 and 27, 1924, no. 39202. This species seems to be near L. tortifolium Mitt., but it is distinet from any species with which it might be compared in the lax pellucid leaf cells and the thick fieshy leaves. Fig. 33.—Lepidopilum carneum Bartr. A, moist plant, three-fourths natural size; B, lateral leaf, X 6; C, median leaf, x 6; D, apex of leaf, X 40; E, part of cross section from upper part of lamina, x 240 Isodrepanium lentulum (Wils.) E. G. Britton, Torreya 14: 28. 1914. Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52162; Yerba Buena, no. 50083; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51509a; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50627a. Disrrizution: West Indies; Central America; South America. Thamniopsis pendula (Hook.) Fleisch. Laubmfl. Java 3: 952. 1908. La Hondura, no. 37860; La Estrella, no. 39201; Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52089, 52014, 52010, 51692, 51997, 52071. Distrisution: Ecuador; Peru. The occurrence of this species in Costa Rica is a rather noteworthy extension of range northward, it having been known previously only from Ecuador and Peru. There is a certain amount of variation in the leaves, as remarked by Mittén in his note on this species, but the perichaetial leaves are only slightly serrulate and the plants are fully as robust as in the type, both of which char- acters seem clearly to distinguish the Costa Rican collections from Hookeriopsis killipit R. S. Williams, which, if Thamniopsis be maintained as a genus, should be designated as Thamniopsis killipii (R. S. Williams) Bartr. 104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM NEOHYPNELLA Bartr., gen. nov. Differs from Hypnella, to which it is closely allied, by the rounded, or only slightly flattened stems, the deeply concave, mucronate leaves, and especially in the peristome teeth with a zig-zag median line. Type species, Neohypnella mucronifolia Bartr. Neohypnella mucronifolia Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 34. Dioicous? Stems creeping, up to 8 or 10 cm. long, irregularly bipinnate; branches short, pale green or golden brown; stem leaves 1.5 mm. long, oblong- ovate, erect-spreading, concave, closely imbricated, mucronate, the point short and oblique or recurved; leaf cells linear, acute, papillose on both sides with 3 to 5 spiculose papillae often split at the point, at the extreme base smooth and more lax; margin plane, minutely serrulate with projecting papillae; perichaetium about 2.5 mm. high, the inner leaves abruptly contracted from an ovate clasping base to a flat flexuous linear-lanceolate point serrulate toward the apex, the outer more gradually narrowed to a broad flat flexuous acumen, the outermost much Fig. 34.—Neohypnella mucronifolia Bartr. A, plant, one-half natural size; B and C,stem leaves, X 8; D and £, branch leaves, X 8; F, apex of stem leaf, X 40; G, upper leaf cells, X 240; H, outer perichaetial leaf, X 8; J, inner perichaetial leaf, X 8; J, apex of inner perichaetial leaf, x 42; K, dry capsule, X 5.5; Z, part of peristome, X 42 smaller, ovate, acute, all ecostate, with very long narrow cells, smooth through- out or minutely papillose at the extreme apex; seta red, smooth below, rough above, 16 to 18 mm. long; capsule inclined, ovoid-cylindrical, about 3 mm. long, gradually narrowed to a swollen neck; peristome teeth linear-lanceolate; articu- lations numerous, closely spaced, projecting on the edges, cross-striate, papillose at the extreme apex, with a slender zig-zag median line; segments of inner peri- stome narrow, papillose, carinate; annulus none; lid conic, rostrate, a scant 2mm. long; calyptra lobed at the base, extending a little below the rim; spores up to 20 uw in diameter, rough. Type: On tree, La Palma, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude about 1,600 meters, Paul C. Standley, February 3, 1924, no. 33077. Also from La Hondura, nos. 36205, 51866; Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 52143b, 52145a, 52167; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36570. Neohypnella chrysophyllopodia (C. M.) Bartr. (Hypnella chrysophyllopodia [C. M.] Broth.), from Trinidad, known only in sterile condition, is a very simi- lar plant, but the leaves are described as ‘‘e basi angusta equali in laminam breviusculum angustam lineari-oblongam”’, which would seem clearly to distinguish this species from the Costa Rican type. Dr. Brotherus has advised me that BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 105 Hypnella pilotrichelloides (Broth.) Broth., from Guiana, is a synonym of H. chrysophyllopodia, so that the genus Neohypnella, as known at present, comprises only the two species, from Trinidad and Costa Rica, respectively. Hypnella pilifera (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1875-76: 366. 1877. Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 33564; Yerba Buena, nos. 49925a, 49713, 49925, 49834. DistrisuTion: Colombia; Brazil; Ecuador. Rhynchostegiopsis flexuosa (Sull.) C. M. Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 4: 163. 1897. El Mufieco, nos. 33697, 51185c. DistriBuTION: Cuba. This seems to be the first record for this species outside of Cuba. The Costa Rican plants are similar in every way to those from Cuba. Rhynchostegiopsis auricolor (C. M.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl], Pflanzenfam. 13; 1235. 1909. Quebradillas, no. 42934b; Viento Fresco, nos. 47824, 47877; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47592, 47653. DistTRIBUTION: Guatemala. Harpophyllum aureum (Palis.) Spruce, Cat. 1867. La Palma, nos. 37987, 38168, 38141; La Hondura, nos. 37885, 36547. DistTRIBUTION: Guatemala; Costa Rica; South America; West Indies. Leucomiaceae Leucomium lignicola Spruce, Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 503. 1869. Vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37071; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36866; El Muifieco, no. 51080a. DISTRIBUTION: Brazil; Peru. Nos. 37071 and 36866 show the calyptrae sparsely pilose and the leaves filiform-acuminate. No. 51080 is sterile but is essentially the same in vegetative characters, and is therefore referred here instead of to L. costaricense Ren. & Card., which the authors distinguish from the above species by the smooth calyptra and longer-cuspidate leaf points. Hypoterygiaceae Hypopterygium tamarisci (Swartz) Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 715. 1827. Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41952; El Silencio, no. 44578; Viento Fresco, no. 47788b; Las Nubes, no. 38581; La Hondura, no. 37795. DistrRisuTiIon: Central America; South America; West Indies. Thuidaceae Rauia subcatenulata (Sch.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13: 1005. 1909. Cerros de Candelaria, Manuel Valerio 45. This collection seems to be identical with typical specimens from Mexico, and it is altogether probable that Rauia leskeaefolia (Ren. & Card.) Broth. should be treated as a synonym of this species. Thuidium wrightii Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876-77: 249. 1878. El Mufieco, no. 33461. DIstTRIBUTION: Cuba; Jamaica. 106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Thuidium pellucens Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 321: 198. 1893. Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 42394, 43118; El Mujfieco, nos. 51058, 33930; Cerro de Piedra Blanea, no. 32516. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Thuidium miradoricum Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876-77: 263. 1878. Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 43249, 41742a, 43348, 41860a, 43366; Laguna de la Escuadra, nos. 42004, 42026, 41925; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47463, 47502; Viento Fresco, no. 47956; El Mufieco, 51082; La Tejona, no. 45865; Yerba Buena, nos. 49977, 50083, 50118; Finca la Cima, no. 42808; El Arenal, nos, 45167, 44654; Quebradillas, no. 48000; Las Nubes, no. 38812; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35277a; Zurqui, no. 48286a. DisrrisuTion: Mexico; Costa Rica; Haiti. Thuidium miradoricum Jaeg. var. gracilescens Bartr., var. nov. This form may be distinguished at sight from the species by the slender elongated stems, 15 cm. or more long, remotely bipinnate, the ultimate branches almost filiform. The stem leaves are ovate and more slenderly acuminate than in the species, and the branch leaves proportionately narrower, with the papil- lae of the leaf cells often furcate. Without fruit, any more critical definition would seem useless, as the plants in this group are generally sterile in tropical regions, and the determinations are, at best, often unsatisfactory. Thuidium antillarum Besch. Fl. Bry. Antill. Fr. 70. 1876. Vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47146; Volean de Turrialba, no. 35233; El Muneco, nos. 33767, 33449; La Hondura, nos. 37670, 36495; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39616; La Colombiana Farm, no. 36569. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica; West Indies. Thuidium delicatulum (Dill., L.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 5738. 1869. Near Finca la Cima, no. 42810; El Mufieco, no. 33470b; Zurqui, no. 48081a; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41922; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41642; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 48742, 43534. Disrrisution: North America; South America; West Indies; Europe; Asia. This seems to be the first time the species has been recorded from Central America. Amblystegiaceae Platyhypnidium aquaticum (Hampe) Fleisch. Laubmfl. Java 4: 1537. 1922. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43772, 43781a. DistriBpuTion: South America. Not previously known from Central America. Brachytheciaceae Pleuropus bonplandii (Hook.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1°: 1138. 1909. Las Nubes, no. 38520; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47529; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35035; Quebradillas, no. 42934a. DistriputTION: Mexico; Costa Rica; South America; West Indies. Brachythecium costaricense Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 411: 123. 1902-03. El Mufieco, nos. 33484, 33611¢; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42394a.; Las Nubes, no. 38449, Distrisution: Costa Rica. Rhynchostegium scariosum (Tayl.) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876-77: 374, 1878. Between San Pedro de Montes de Oca and Curridabat, no, 41297. DistrRIBUTION: Panama; South America. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 107 Eurhynchium exasperatum (Hampe) Jaeg. Ber. St. Gall. Nat. Ges. 1876- 77: 361. 1878. Fia. 35. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43781, 43774. Distrisution: Mexico; South America. This species is not included in either Eurhynchium or Oxyrrhynchium by Broth- erus, and I thought it an undescribed species until a bit of the specimen from the Mitten Herbarium (Weir 355), sent through the kindness of Mrs. Britton, showed the Costa Rican plants to be indistinguishable from the South American type. The species is credited to Mexico in the Paris Index. Entodontaceae Erythrodontium longisetum (Hook.) Par. Ind. Bryol. 436. 1894-98. Camino de Hatillo, nos. 32173, 32184; between San Pedro de Montes de Oca and Curridabat, no. 32771; along Rio Reventado, nos. 49432, 49570; vicinity of San Jose, nos. 38974, 41234, 33266; vicinity of Zapote, nos. 40274a, 40272; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32495; vicinity of San Sebastian, no. 49370. DisrRiBUTION: Mexico; Central America; South America. Fic. 35.—Eurhynchium exasperatum (Hampe) Jaeg. A, plant, one-half natural size; B, lower stem leaf, X 16; C, upper stem leaf, X 16; D and £,two branch leaves, X 16; F, apex of stem leaf, X 240; G, apex of branch leaf, * 240 Erythrodontium densum (Hook.) Par. Ind. Bryol. 436. 1894-98. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 34172; Quebradillas, no. 43022. DistrizutTion: Mexico; South America. Entodon bernoullii C. M. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 209. 1897. Along Rio Reventado, no. 49573. Distrisution: Guatemala. Entodon aurescens Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. V. Bot. 4: 369. 1865. Vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47525a. Disrrisution: Mexico; South America. Entodon jamesoni (Tayl.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc, 12: 528. 1869. Santa Maria de Dota, no. 43175; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47495; Volcan‘ de Turrialba, no. 34978; Cerro de Piedra Blanea, no. 32505; Quebradillas, nos. 43019, 43075. DistRiBuTION: Mexico; Costa Rica; South America. Pleurozium schreberi (Willd.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 537. 1869. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43869; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42331a. Distrisution: North America; South America; Asia. The occurrence of this familiar species in Costa Rica helps to fill in the gap between the known distribution in North America and South America. 108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Plagiotheciaceae Pilosium longisetulum C. M. Flora 83: 340. 1897. Finca Montecristo, nos. 48581, 48494, 48513, 48544; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47178a. DistRIBUTION: Guatemala. Sematophyllaceae Meiotheciopsis lageniformis (C. M.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 13: 1106. 1908. La Palma, no. 32938. DistRIBUTION: Brazil. There were only a few good capsules in this collection, but the unstriated per- istome teeth and the short basal membrane of the inn r peristome are sufficient " to locate definitely this interesting species, which has heretofore been known only from Brazil. Fig. 36.—Brotherella minutula Bartr. A, plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, X 35; Cc, apex of leaf, x 240; D, moist capsule, X 8; EH, exothecal cells, X 240. Hypnum polypterum (Mitt.) Broth. var. robustwm Bartr. F, plant, one-half natural size; G, stem leaf, X 16 . Brotherella minutula Bartr. sp. nov. Fig. 36, a-E. Dioicous? Stems slvnder, prostrate, irregularly branched, 1 to 2 cm. long, in flat, pale green tufts; leaves falcate-secund, 1 mm. long, gradually long-acumi- nate from an oblong base; margin entire below, denticulate toward the apex; costa none; leaf cells elongate, in the basal angles 3 or 4 inflated, yellowish, pel- lucid cells; seta 15 mm. long, slender, red, flexuose; capsule small, nodding, about 1 mm. long; exothecal cells rectangular, not collenchymatous. Typru: Vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, Paul C. Standley, December 14 to 26, 1925, no. 41766a. ° Altogether a more slender, delicate plant than either B. recurvans or B. delica- tula of North America. Rhapidorrhynchium subsimplex (Hedw.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. ed. 2.11: 427. 1925. Finca Montecristo, nos. 48519, 48517; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39649 DistrispuTIoN: Mexico; South America; West Indies. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 109 Rhapidorrhynchium subscabrum (C. M.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen- fam. ed. 2.11: 427. 1925. Quebradillas, no. 43022; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41758; Viento Fresco, no 48010; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35562. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica; South America. Rhapidorrhynchium lindigii (Hampe) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.11: 428. 1925. Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43748. DistTRIBUTION: Costa Rica; Colombia. Rhapidorrhynchium obliquerostratum (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.11: 428. 1925. El Muifieco, nos. 51013a, 51207, 33670; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43584; along Rio Reventado, no. 49513; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47570; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39680; Laguna de la Chonta, nos. 42218, 42252, 42300; Quebradillas, no. 43022a; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41628a, 4165la, 43329, 43132, 41766, 43276, 41650. DistRiBuTION: Mexico; South America. Sematophyllum caespitosum (Swartz) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 479. 1869. El Mufieco, no. 33483; La Hondura, no. 37596; between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 41365; La Tejona, no. 45929; Viento Fresco, no. 47954. DistRiBuTION: Florida; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies; Africa. Sematophyllum kegelianum (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 486. 1869. Vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37516a. DistRiBuTION: West Indies; South America. Acroporium pungens (Swartz) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 11: 436. 1925. ' Yerba Buena, nos. 49049, 50119; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47171; vicinity of Guapiles, nos. 37212, 37516; La Hondura, nos. 37672, 37628; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50443; Cerro de la Caricias, nos. 52151, 52167a, 52278, 52229; La Palma, nos. 38069, 32920, 38227; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39818. Distrisution: West Indies; Central America; South America. Glossadelphus truncatulus (C. M.) Fleisch. Laubmfl. Java 4: 1352. 1920. Vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 47141, 47174b. DisrRiBuTION: Peru. This seems to be the first time this interesting little species has been found since the original collection in Peru. Together with the following it forms a clearly defined group, characterized by the obtuse lingulate leaves and the pap- illose leaf cells. Glossadelphus longisetus Bartr., sp. nov. Fia. 37. Autoicous; male flowers gemmiform, intermingled with the female flowers; antheridial bracts ovate, acuminate, ecostate; margin serrulate above the middle, the lower cells lax, the upper cells linear, flexuose, with rather firm, pellucid walls. Stems creeping, irregularly and subpinnately branched; branches short and flattened, in rather thin, glossy mats; leaves oblong-ovate, rounded at the apex, concave, a scant 1 mm. long; margin sinuate to denticulate in the jower half, coarsely and irregularly dentate toward the apex with simple or divided teeth; costa short and double or none; cells elongate, smooth or indis- tinctly papillose with low blunt papillae by the projecting ends, shorter at the extreme base and on the margin at the apex; perichaetial leaves about 1.5 mm. long, abruptly linear-lanceolate from an oblong base, sharply dentate toward the apex; seta about 3 cm. long, red, smooth or a little rough above; capsule inclined or horizontal, ovoid, 2 mm. long without the lid; lid conic, 1 mm, high; peristome teeth lanceolate, cross-striate below, hyaline toward the point; basal 94682—28——_5 110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM membrane about one-third the height of the teeth; segments rather broad, keeled, split along the median line; spores about 10 u in diameter, smooth. Type: On tree, vicinity of Guapiles, Province of Limon, Costa Rica, altitude 300 to 500 meters, Paul C. Standley, March 12 and 13, 1924, no. 37280. Also from vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37058. This species is very distinct from G. truncatulus in the coarsely dentate leaf apex with divided teeth, and in the cells only lightly papillose by the projecting ends. It is obviously close to G@. lingulatus Card., from Formosa, but that spe- cies, according to a specimen kindly supplied by M. Dismier, has the stems and branches broader and more strongly flattened, and larger leaves with the upper cells sharply spiculose-papillose at the ends with erect papillae up to 6 u» high. Hypnaceae Hypnum polypterum (Mitt.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2.11: 454. 1925. G Fig. 37.—Glossadelphus longisetus Bartr. A, plant, one-half natural size; B and C, stem leaves, X 16; D, apex of stem leaf, X 40; #, part of leaf margin near apex, X 240; F, perichaetial leaf, x 16; G, two perigonal leaves, X 16; H, capsule, X 8 Quebradillas, nos. 43043, 48013; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52143; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43544; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35071; El Mufieco, no. 51162a; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47497, 47525; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39817a; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41636; Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51526; Cerros de Zurqui, nos. 50616, 50505a, 48163, 48195a, 50491, 50498, 48119; Yerba Buena, nos. 50066, 50111, 49041, 49972a, 49147, 49059, 49944. DistrRiBuTIoN: Guadeloupe; Jamaica. In all probability this is the plant listed as Hypnum amabile Hampe var. brevi- folium Ren. & Card., no. 157 in Musci Costaricenses. It is apparently a very common and widely distributed plant in Costa Rica and, so far as I can see, is identical with specimens of H. polypterum from Jamaica. The alar cells are in a small but distinct cuplike group, and this, with the shorter-acuminate, more pli- cate leaves, are the characters which distinguish this species from H. amabile. Hypnum polypterum (Mitt.) Broth. var. robustum Bartr., var. nov. Fig. 36, F, G. More robust and more irregularly branched than the species, with broader, more abruptly pointed leaves. BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 111 Type: On tree, southern slope of the Volcan de Turrialba, near the Finca del Volcan de Turrialba, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,400 meters, Paul C, Stand- ley, February 22, 1924, no. 35306. Ectropothecium apiculatum (Hornsch.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 512. 1869. La Hondura, no. 37667; El Mufieco, nos. 51098b, 51185c; La Tejona, no. 45865a; vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 46870, 46976, 46936, 47174, 46951, DistrisuTion: Jamaica; Central America; South America. Ectropothecium costaricense Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 411: 143. 1902-03. Vicinity of Tilaran, nos. 44530, 44382; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42375. DIstTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Isopterygium subtrichopelma Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 41!: 142. 1902-03. Viento Fresco, no. 47877a; vicinity of Guapiles, no. 37397. DistriBuTION: Costa Rica. Fic. 38.—Isopterygium integrifoliuin Bartr. A, plant natural size; B, leaf, X 16; C, upper leaf cells and margin, X 240; D, basal angle of leaf, X 240; EZ, capsule, X 8 Isopterygium integrifolium Bartr., sp. nov. Fig. 38. Autoicous. Stems about 3 cm. long, prostrate, irregularly branched, up to 3 mm. wide with leaves, in thin, flat, glossy, pale green tufts; leaves strongly com- planate, oval-oblong, inequilateral, acute, hardly shrunken when dry, not decur- rent; margin plane and entire; costa short and double; leaf cells elongate, narrowly linear, about 120 » long by 8 uw wide, the ends acute; alar cells none; seta 10 to 12 mm. long, red; capsule, short-ovoid, 0.75 mm. long; lid and calyp- tra unknown. Typr: On tree, Cerro de las Vueltas, Province of San Jose, Costa Rica, altitude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, December 29, 1925 to January 1, 1926, no. 43764. Also near Carmen Station, no. 48390. This species has a superficial resemblance to Taziphyllum planissimum ( Mitt.) Broth., but may be readily distinguished by the entire, more sharply acute leaves and by the much more elongate areolation. Isopterygium cylindricarpum Card. Rev. Bryol. 37: 56. 1910. Fia. 39, a-x. Near Finca la Cima, no. 42777a; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43761b; Volcan de Turrialba, nos. 35159, 35217, 35015, 35013. DistRiIBUTION: Mexico. Vesicularia amphibola (Spruce) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1°: 1094. 1908. La Hondura, no. 51882; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 47118; Hamburg Finca, no. 48807; El Mufieco, no. 51068; El Silencio, no. 44638. Distrisution: West Indies; South America. 112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Microthamnium elegantulum (Hook.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 504. 1869. Cerro de las Lajas, no. 51476; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35527; La Palma, no. 33070a; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43754. DistRiIBuTION: Mexico; West Indies; South America. Microthamnium thelistegum (C. M.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 504. 1869. Yerba Buena, nos. 49669, 49766; La Palma, no. 38168a; Viento Fresco, nos. 47841, 47788a; Zurqui, nos. 48279, 48081, 48286; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47420; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39790; Volcan de Turrialba, no. 35158; Quebrad- illas, no. 42844. Distrisution: Florida; Mexico; South America; West Indies. Microthamnium lehmannii Besch. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2!: 398. 1894. La Palma, no. 38167; El Mufieco, nos. 518538, 33443; Las Nubes, no. 38545; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39877. DistriputTion: Costa Rica. Microthamnium reptans (Swartz) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 506. 1869. Laguna de la Escuadra, nos. 420038, 41970; Viento Fresco, nos. 47777, 47962; along Rio Reventado, nos. 49451, 49499, 49445; Zurqui, no. 48127; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43785; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 43331, 41570, 44074; Quebradillas, Wate Fic. 39.—Isopterygium cylindricarpum Card. A, plant, natural size; B, stem leaf, X 16; C, \\ 7 i basal angle of leaf, X 240; D, capsule, « 5.5; £, lid, X 16. Microthamnium larulum Bartr. F, plant, one-half natural size; Gand H, two lower stem leaves, X 16; J and J, two branch leaves, X 16 nos. 42931, 42934; Las Nubes, nos. 38449a, 38451; La Hondura, no. 37601; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, no. 32516a; Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42171; El Mufieco, nos. 51080, 51231, 51076; vicinity of Orosi, no. 39879; Yerba Buena, nos. 49707, 49691. DistRIBUTION: Costa Rica; South America; West Indies. Microthamnium minusculifolium C. M. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 565. 1897. Yerba Buena, no. 49925b; vicinity of Pejivalle, no. 46883; La Hondura, nos. 36616a, 36291; Viento Fresco, no. 47871; El Mufieco, no. 51098a; La Estrella, no. 39216; Cerro de las Caricias, nos. 51969, 52022; vicinity of Fraijanes, no. 47508. DISTRIBUTION: Jamaica. The plants in this series are slender, with wiry stems, and stem leaves about one-half as large as in M. reptans. They seem to be identical with specimens of this species from Jamaica. Microthamnium langsdorffii (Hook.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 507. 1869. Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35158a, 35144; Laguna de la Chonta, nos. 42249, 42157, 42262, 42202; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47592a, 47584; Viento Fresco, —) C B BARTRAM—COSTA RICAN MOSSES 113 no. 47965a, vicinity of Pejivalle, nos. 47174a, 47007; near Finca la Cima, no. 42561; Cerro de las Vueltas, no. 43767; Zurqui, no. 48125; Quebradillas, no. 42926a; Cerro de Piedra Blanca, nos. 32517a, 32529a; El Mufieco, no. 33611; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41958; along Rio Reventado, no. 49474; La Estrella, nos. 39233, 39466; Finca las Concavas, ‘nos. 41446, 41492; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41742, 43237; Cerro de las Caricias, no. 52231; La Palma, no. 38168b; Las Nubes, no. 38462; La Hondura, nos. 36195, 37879. DistriBuTion: Costa Rica; South America. Microthamnium laxulum Bartr, sp. nov. Fig. 39, F-J. Dioicous? Stems erect at the base, arcuate, slender, irregularly branched; lower stem leaves broadly ovate, abruptly contracted to a rather short acumen which is strongly suleate at the base; margin plane, entire below, denticulate above; branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, denticulate more than halfway down. Sporophyte unknown. Type: On tree, Naranjos Agrios, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio, January 29, 1926, no. 46539. Also La Tejona, no. 45865b. It may appear of doubtful propriety to add another species to a group which already seems to defy satisfactory analysis, yet these plants apparently have a distinct character in the abruptly contracted, sulcate shoulders of the stem leaves, which is not shared by any other species, Polytrichaceae Catharinaea polycarpa C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 2: 558. 1851. La Estrella, no. 39318. DistrRiBuTIoN: Mexico; South America. Catharinaea oerstediana C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond. 2: 558. 1851. Laguna de la Escuadra, nos. 42002, 41977; Viento Fresco, no. 47983; El Mufeco, no. 51254; Cerro de Ja Carpintera, no 35757; Las Nubes, no. 38515; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 42509. DistrisuTIoNn: Costa Rica. Catharinaea hirtella (Ren. & Card.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1?: 673. 1903. Near Finca la Cima, no. 42622; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50609. DIsTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. As no calyptras of C. oerstediana are known and as the leaves are identical with those in the plants described as C. hirtella, it seems altogether probable that the latter is only a form of C. oerstediana with lighter-colored setae. Pogonatum hamatifolium Ren. & Card. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31?: 172. 1893. Yerba Buena, nos. 49746, 49656; Las Nubes, nos. 38422, 38445. DistTrRIBUTION; Costa Rica. A comparison of the Costa Rican material with P. purpurescens (Hampe) Mitt. from South America indicates rather conclusively that these plants all belong to one specific type. Pogonatum robustum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12: 616. 1869. Laguna de la Chonta, no. 42227; near Finca la Cima, nos. 42749, 42818; Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43548, 43914; Santa Maria de Dota, no. 41660; Laguna de la Escuadra, no. 41953; Viento Fresco, no. 47933; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50269. DistRIBUTION: Jamaica. The lamellae in these plants vary from 2 to 5 cells in height, the costa is more or less strongly serrate on the back, and the margins are closely serrate with 114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM sharp cartilaginous teeth down to the sheathing base or often below and extend-. ing halfway down to the insertion. There is no appreciable difference between these plants and P. robustum Mitt., from Jamaica, nor can I separate them from. P. robustum Schimp. ex descr. The form with the lamellae reduced to 2 cells in height is P. pittieri Ren. & Card. Pogonatum confertidens Broth. & Thér. Soc. Havraise Etud. Div. 88: 310. 1921. Region of La Esperanza, no. 35369. DisTRIBUTION: Costa Rica. Pogonatum liebmannianum Schimp. in C. M. Syn. Muse. Frond 2: 563. 1851. Between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 41320. DistRIBUTION: Mexico. Polytrichum antillarum Rich. in Brid. Bryol. Univ. 2: 138, 747. 1827. Cerro de las Vueltas, nos. 43552, 43894, 43840; Santa Maria de Dota, nos. 41596, 43429a; near Finca la Cima, nos. 42553, 42752; vicinity of Fraijanes, nos. 47422, 47476; Cerros de Zurqui, no. 50279; La Estrella nos. 39481, 39252; Volcan de Poas, no. 34843; Volean de Turrialba, nos. 35266, 34938, 35332; Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 34233; Las Nubes, nos. 38405, 38440; La Palma, nos. 33194, 38203; between Aserri and Tarbaca, no. 41322; Zurqui, no. 48265; Yerba Buena, no. 50075. DistrisuTion: West Indies; Central America; South America. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS Holomitrium williamsi Bartr. The nearly flat, irregularly bistratose lamina cells and the presence of flagellate branches are characters which seem to ally this species more closely with H. calycinum (Swartz) Mitt., of Jamaica, than with any other species. The Costa Rican plant appears to be clearly dis- tinct, however, in the shorter, more bluntly pointed leaves with the costa ending definitely below the apex. Syrrhopodon lycopodioides (Swartz) C. M. Syn. Musc. Frond. 1: 538. 1849. Yerba Buena, no. 49766a. Distribution: West Indies; northern South America. A single plant, extracted from another collection, serves to establish definitely the occurrence of this characteristic West Indian species in Costa Rica. Porotrichodendron substolonaceum (Besch.) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan- zenfam. ed. 2.11: 206. 1924. Cerro de la Carpintera, no. 35562a. Distribution: Costa Rica. Meteoriopsis consimilis (Hampe) Broth. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 1?: 825. 1903. La Hondura, no. 51819. Distribution: Colombia. This species is not represented in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, and the above determination is based on Mitten’s comparative descrip- tion. The vegetative characters used to separate this plant from M. remotifolia are almost exactly paralleled by the present collection, so that, if the species is really a valid one, it would seem to be definitely established as an element of the Costa Rican moss flora. es INDEX [Synonyms in italics] Page Page Acidodontium floresianum........------.-.- 78 | Campylopus—Continued. megalocarpum __...---------------------- 78 hoffmannii___.-_.--...-.--.----- .------- 59 Acroporium pungens--_..-...---.------------ 109 introflexus ...--..-.-.-.----.-----. .---. - 61 Adelothecium bogotense-___....------------- 99 key to species.........----..--.---2--2-- 58, 59 Amblystegiaceae............-.-------------- 106 leptodus -----...-...-------------------- 62 Andreaea turgescens__.._--.-----.----------- 56 porphyreodictos_.---.......--..--------- 63 Andreaeaceae....---------------------------- 56 roellii ..-.-.--..---.--------------------- 60 Anoectangium euchlorum-_._.---.----. .----- 74 standleyi_.__.-.--_.....-------------- 52, 59, 60 Anomobryum costaricense..---.------------ 52, 78 lutescens......-..-----------..------ 52, 60 filiforme._.......----.----------- an 78 straminifolius_.-..-.-.---.-------.------ 52, 63 Aongstroemia jamaicensis..........--------- 57 subleucogaster __.....---..-.-------..--- 59, 64 Aulacomniaceae_.......---..---.------------ 79 | Catharinaea hirtella......._...----_-.------- 113 Barbella tenuissima.._.........------------- 95 oerstediana _-_____---.--..------------.- 113 Barbula bescherellei stenocarpa ._--.--..----- 75 polycarpa------.------.----------------- 113 Bartramia defoliata._._._....-...-....-------- 51,80 | Ceratodon stenocarpus___...........-..----- 57 Bartramiaceae............-..------------ ---- 80 | Cryphea nitidula_.._.--.---.--------..------ 90 Brachymenium capillare-___--..--.--------. 76 | Crypheaceae_...---.----..------------------ 90 spathulifolium .....--..------.---------- 76 | Cyclodictyon albicans_--.-.---------- a 100 standleyi a a 52,77 brittonae.-----_--------------------- 52, 98, 100 systylium....._.----..------------------ 76 humectatum___.-.---------------------- 100 viviparum.............--.-------------- 52,77 key to species.....---.------------------ 100 Brachytheciaceae___._....---------------- 106, 107 rubrisetum_-_-....---------------------- 51, 100 Brachythecium costaricense-.-_.------.------- 106 | Daltonia aristifolia__.......-...---....------ 52, 99 Breutelia brittoniae..........--.--..--------- 80 longifolia...---..-.---------------------- 99 chrysea_......--------------------------- 51, 80 lorifolia_ ...----------------------------- 99 tomentosa.__--_-----------. ------------- 80 splachnoides ....---------.-------------- 99 Brotherella delicatula......-----------~.----- 108 stenophylla ___-..----------------------- 99 minutula........-..---.---------------- 52,108 | Dicranaceae.......---.---------------------- 57, 58 TecUrvans..... ------....--..------------ 108 | Dicranella herminieri_.......--..----------- 57 Bryaceae..__.-----.-------.--------- -------- 76-79 heteromalla __...------------------------ 52, 57 Bryum argenteum_-_.---.------------..----- 78 hilariana .......--.---------------------- 57 lanatum__---.-----. ---------------.- 79 perrottetii......_----.-----.--.---------- 58 erythroneuron ._----.-------------------- 79 rufescenS__-._-------__---...---.--...-.. 52, 57 rosulicoma.......-.......---------------- 79 standleyi_-----.---------------------- 52, 67,58 sordidum._.....----.-.-_..-------...-..- 79 | Dicranodontium denudatum---.--.---..-.-- 66 Callicostella oerstediana__......-..--------- 100 meridionale ..............--------------- 52, 65 pallida__....-------------------.-------- 100 | Dicranoloma brittonae__._-....-.--..---- 52, 69, 70 Calymperaceae--_..-.-----.------------------ 72-74 setaceum ..........---------------------- 52, 70 Calyptothecium duplicatum ....--..------.. 96 | Dicranum frigidum-_-_...-.--..-------------- 68 turgescens___.--..----------------------- 96 | Ditrichaceae ....---.--.--------------------- 57 Campylopus arctocarpus--_..---------------- 65 | Ectropothecium apiculatum-_--__.-.---------- lil atratus....-....-_-..-.-----.------------ 52, 61 costaricenSe .-...------------------------ 111 chrismari-__._.-....--........------------ 59 | Entodon aurescens_._.....------------------ 107 costaricensis.__.__.........-------.-----.- 52, 62 pbernoullii _...---.._-- nee eee nee eee eee eee 107 erectus.._.....-------------------------- 63 jamesoni ...__-..-------.---------------- 107 faleatulus._.---_....-.-.------------------ 52,64 | Entodontaceae_-.--------------------------- 107 filifolius.......-...--.---.--------------- 63 | Epipterygium immarginatum------..---.--. 76 flexuosus ....-.-..-..-------------------- 59 | Erythrodontium densum---.----.....------- 107 harrisi____-----. --.---....--.------------ 64 longisetum___.........-.-.-------------- 107 longifolius......-..-........--------- 64 | Eucampylopus, section __...-....----------- 58,62 hellerianus..............._--------...-.- 60,61 | Eucatagonium politum-_-_-_--.-------------- 51, 96 VIII Page Eurhynchium exasperatum__..........--..- 107 Fissidens asplenioides...........-.--.---.--- 56 flexinervis_........---.------------------ 51, 57 oerstedianus___. . -.--...--.-----.----..- 57 polypodioides.-----..-.....--..--------- 57 tortilis _..--.------- 2 eee 56 Fissidentaceae _...---...-------------------- 56, 57 Funaria bonplandii_._....-.--.-------2 51, 76 calvescens.......--.-..-----. w-e--------- 76 epipedostegia -.......---.-.-..---------- 76 longiseta__......-...--_.---.---.--.----- 76 Funariaceae.._....... 0 .----------- ee 76 Glossadelphus lingulatus__--.......--.__-_-- 110 longisetus-_..-..__-----.------ ---- 52, 109, 110 truncatulus__....-.....-._--.----.- 51,109, 110 Goniostoma, section........---. -----.------- 81 Grimmiaceae.____-..-.-..----. -------------- 75 Harpophyllum aureum_._......--.-.------. 105 Hedwigiaceae ._...---.--...__-..-------__-- 90 Holomitrium arboreum-----...-----.------- 6g calycinum......-------------- viene aeeeee 114 flexuosum-___-._....-----.-----. --------- 67 key to species........---------.--------- 66 longifolium__.._..---.. -..--_...-------.- 66, 67 marginatum___...__._--------------. -.- 68 standleyi._.... -...-...-.-----..-----_--- 52, 66 terebellatum__...-....------.-----.----- 66 williamsi_.___-.-....----.-------.- 52, 67, 68, 114 Homalia glabella._.-..--___. vee eee eee e een n 97 Hookeria acutifolia__.......-....--.--...----- 99 Hookeriaceae....-..-.._-.-.-.-------------- 99-105 Hookeriopsis crispa_--.-..-..-.-----.------- 102 faleata__.......------------ +e. eee 102 incurva.._.----....-----.--.------------ 101 key to species..........-.-------.----- 100, 101 killipii..-...---- 2 ee ee 108 obtusifolia -....--.--22-2 2 eee ee 52, 101 rugulosa .._... ..-.--.---.--------------- 102 standleyi-_---.-...--..-.------.-------. 52, 102 subfaleata.-----....-----------------.--- 102 variabilis__..-..----.------------------- 51, 102 Hymenostomum mexicanum---__-.__..------ 74 Hyophila tortula_...-.....-..-..---.-------- 75 Hypnaceae____-...-.-.---------------- ee 110-113 Hypnella chrysophyllopodia__-..-....--..---- 104 Pilitera__-.--_------------ .------------- 51, 105 pilotrichelloides.....---..---------. ------ 105 Hypnum amabile-.-......-...-------------- 110 brevifolium___..----....-.-.-----.-- 110 polypterum--_.--......----------------- 110 robustum_-_-.-...---.2----------- 52, 108, 110 Hypoterygiaceae...._....--.--.------------- 105 Hypopterygium tamarisci_.......-.....----- 105 Isodrepanium lentulum______.---..--------- 103 Isopterygium cylindricarpum_-____....---- 111,112 integrifolium......--------------------- 52, 111 subtrichopelma.-...-.-.----...----------- 111 Leiomela bartramia.._.._-----_------------. 80 Leiostoma, section .-.-...--.---------------- 81 Lembophyllaceae. ------...----------------- 97 Lepidopilidium subdivaricatum _-___.-_------ 102 Lepidopilum.........--.------ -------------- 100 Carmeum ...--......----.---------------- §2, 103 haplociliatum........-.----------------- 102 platyphyllum___...-_------- .----------- 102 Page Lepidopilum—Continued. polytrichoides___-.-....-.----.--------.- 102 subenerve__._.....--------.------------ 102 tortifolium......--..------2 eee 103 Leptodontium filescen8.............._------ 51, 74 motelayi___....---.---..------...---- 22 74 subgracile._.....-..-. —.--..------------ ie sulphurem ___._....------.----.-------- 74 flagellaceum..._---.---_---------. ee 52, 75 motelayi__----_.__-----.------------ 74 ulocalyx._..-..-------------------------- 74 Leptotheca costaricensis_............_------ 79 Lepyrodon tomentosus_-_._._....----....-.-. 51, 91 latifolius_...-.---.--_.-..--.------ 52, 90, 91 Lepyrodontaceae__..-.-....---- ------------- 90 Lepyrodontopsis.___...----.---------------- 91 Leucobryaceae_._..__.--.-----.------------- 71, 72 “Leucobryam albicans...-.--.....-------_--- 71 albidum____.....---.----.--------------- 71 antillarum_-_.--...----.--.---.-- ------- 71 crispum_._-..--.-.---------------------- 51,71 giganteum .__.._...----.-----. ---------- 71 martianum.-----.-.-.-----.------------- 51, 71 polakowskyi ------.....-.----.-------.-- 71 Leucodontaceae_._.......------------------- 90 Leucoloma crugerianum.__.... . .---------. 70 serrulatum....--.-0.22.----.------------ 70 Leucomiaceae...._....---------------- .----- 105 Leucomium costaricense....-...-...-..----- 105 lignicola _....--.....---------- 2 eee 105 Lindigia aciculata_._......_....------------ 95 Macromitrium apiculatum..............--- 82 barbense.-----.....--------------------- 81 cirrhosum_____-_.---....---------------- 88, 8f costaricensé..----..-.-----.------------- 52, 8§, didymodon .._--.--.--.--------------__- 51, 82 flavopilosum__..-.-...---.-------------- i fuscescens.....-..-...-----..---------.-- 52, 80) fusco-aureum_._..-......--.-----.----- 52,83, 90) guatemalense .___-----.----------------- Bi hirtellum__-.---......-.---.---------- 52, 86, 88 key to species._.---.-----.------------- 8). longifolium__........---.-----------...-- at mammillosum...._...----....---------- 52, 8" palmense_._____.....-..-...--2---------- 88 pentastichum_.-..---....---------------- 8b reflexifolium ...--..........--.---------- ‘ rhystophyllum-___._ -....--.-----.-.--.- 83 scoparium -_---. ..-.-..----------------- 8h standleyi_--.---..____-------------------- 52,85 subundulatum_-_-_-__ _-------------- 52, 83 subcirrhosum._....-...-.------------ 83, 84, 91) tonduzii....--. --------- eee a 8) tortuosum._.....--. ..------------ ----- 83 ulophylum___..-------.---- ------------ 85 verrucosum .___..._---------------------- 52, 82 werckleanum._.......-------.----------- 8) williamsi_......--..--_-_-----.----------- 52, 84 Meiotheciopsis lageniformis--....---------- 51, 103 Meteoriaceae.__------_-------------~-------- 93-95 Meteoriopsis consimilis.._.......----------- 114 patula__._...-..------------------------- 95 congesta.......---------------------- 52,95 remotifolia._.-....--------------------- 95, 114 Meteorium undulifolium_.....------------- 95 INDEX Ix . Page Metzlerella costaricensis_._...._-_..--..-___. 66 longiseta._.._.--...2---2--- eee 66 Micromitrium lamprocarpum_._---.---_.--- 90 schlumbergeri.-_....--..--. --_-_____ 90 Microthamnium elegantulum._-_______-_--_- 111 langsdorffii-__.--_-..--- 2-222 e 112 laxulum--_-_-.---22 6-2-2228. 52, 112, 113 lehmannii_._._-.--.--. we eeee ene nee nee 112 minusculifolium_._..._. .--..--_-_.------ 112 reptans._._-_-_-2.22-- 22 le 112 thelistegum_..._.--...2 22-222. ee. 112 Mniaceae__..._.-- 2-22 eee 79 Mnium rostratum..__...-..2---- 228. 79 Neckera chilensis...........-----.------2-__- 96 chlorocaulis.............2-22222 2222-2 e 96 wercklei___-..._-----_----2-- 22 ee 96 Neckeraceae___._----...----- 2-2-2 oe. 96, 97 Neckeropsis undulata_....-._-.___. ---.-__.-- 96 Neohypnella___---.--.----2---2 22-8. 52, 104 chrysophyllopedia.._..._._.-.._-__-_---- 104 mucronifolia_.....-.-------.. 222-222 -- 52, 104 Ochrobryum obtusifolium_._--... -...-.___- 51,71 Octoblepharum albidum-_.-_-__._-.-..______-- 71 erectifolium.__....--....-----. 222-2222. 72, 73 mittenii__------ 2222222222 eee 51, 72 pulvinatum.-__-_. 2-2-2222 eee 71 Orthostichidium pentagonum___.____._____- 92 Orthostichopsis tetragona__............_.-- 92 Orthotrichaceae_..----..-..-.-..- 22-2222 e 80-90 Oxyrrhynchium.-..-.---- 22-2 222 ------- 107 Papillaria appressa_____-...---..------.__--- 95 deppei_--.-- ee 94 imponderosa.._...._-..-..-_-_------- _— 94 key to species__......-_------ 2-8. 94 nigrescens_-..-.--..--------___--.----_- 95 oerstediana___-.. 2-2-2 222. LL ei. 94 Philonotis sphaericarpa._._...--_-..---_____ 80 tenella... ---.-------- eee _- 80 Phyllogoniaceae___.---.._---.________---- 95, 96 Phyllogonium fulgens gracile_........-.___- 96 viride_...---- ~~ ee le 95 viride.-......_-..-----.------ ee: 95 viscosum__.._.----------.---2 eee 96 Pilopogon gracilis.._...-.........-.-------.- 65 Pilosium longisetulum_____.--.._-.-_.------- 108 Pilotrichaceae__............---_------_--_ - 98 Pilotrichella flexilis.......-. -----2 22-2 2o Lo. 94 robusta_...---..-..__---..------------ 94 hexasticha_._..-....-...----------_______ 93 pulchella____-._.__-_-.-------- ieee. 93, 94 rigida.__--__.---- eee eee ee. 93 viridis.._.....------- 2... eee nee 93 Pilotrichum compositum--.--.....------_--- 98 key to species___.--_.------------------- 98 mucronatum....-.-----..-----.---.-___- 98 pallidum_.__-.. 22-22 ee 52, 98 ramosissimum...__...- ween eee ee enn ee ee 98 Pireella mariae___...-----__......-.--------_ 92 Plagiotheciaceae --..-....-..--- ..---..2___--- 108 Platyhypnidium aquaticum__-_....________ 106 Pleuropus bonplandii........_.---...--.-._- 106 Pleurozium schreberi.___...-.-_.-..--.----- 107 Pogonatum confertidems _---....---__.---_. 114 hamatifolium_.__...---.-.---- 2-2 oo _ 118 liebmannianum_-__-.__...--_-_---.-..--- 114 pittieri_-_...._.----..------.-----------.- 114 Page Pogonatum—Continued. purpurascens._...----. 2-222, 113 robustum_....-. 2222 22.) @8 1138, 114 Polytrichaceae__......---.-2.2----e 113, 114 Polytrichum antillarum__..-._....._....._- 114 Porothamnium crassipes._.-.--..--....._._. 97 neckeraeforme...........--..---------_-- 97 Porotrichodendron substolonaceum_.....___ 114 superbum_.-----. 2-22. 97 Porotrichum cobanense________---__.._____. 97 imsularum__ _.-..-_-------- ee 97 longirostre_..._.-...--2----.-----. 97 Plagiorhynchium______-_--_-.--..._._____- 97 Plicatulum ___ 22-222 eee Le 51, 97 Pottiaceae__........---.--------------------- 74-75 Prionodon densus__._-..__.-.--------_..-_- 91, 92 crispatulus.-...---. 2-2-8 52, 92 mexicanus --_--..---..__.----- ___e- 92 divaricatus._.-...---2----- 2 ee 91 fusco-lutescens__.. 2.20.02 - eee 51,91 key to species__..-.--.---------2---_- 91 laeviusculus___.2 22-2222. Lee 91 longissimus-_-.. -..-...-..2--.-------_-- 91 lozanoi___..22.-_---__ ne anne een eeen--ee 91 luteovirens.._....-..--22.22-_- 22-88. 51, 91 MeZicaNUs.---.2.2..--------------------- 92 patentissimus.__.....-- 22-22 ee 91 Prionodontaceae.._.-.......-------_----.---- 91, 92 Pseudocampylopus, section._-...-..__.____- 58 Pseudocryphea flagellifera._... 2... -2-..___ 90 Pseudosymblepharis circinnata__--.-.-_..___ 74 Pterobryaceae.....-___...----2-2.-2 ee 92, 93 Pterobryopsis mexicana_._......._._-_-_.-___ 92 Pterobryum augustifolium--__.......-..-___- 93 densum__.._2.2 22 --e ee 93 Rauia subcatenulata....-----.2-.2. 2-22. ---_- 105 Rhacocarpus apiculatus._.......-----.------ 90 humboldtii-... 22 --e 90 Rhacomitrium conterminum...._. ---_-___- 75 crispipilum_....._-_2.-- 2-2 75 Rhacopilaceae....-...__-_----------------__. 9 Rhacopilum tomentosum_-_.-_._..--.___._- 90 Rhapidorrhynchium lindigii-..-.....-.-.-._. 109 obliquerostratum --_..-..---.--------.-- 109 subscabrum__-_-_. ....--.------- w------- 109 subsimplex ...........-...---_---------- 108 Rhizogoniaceae -__._----------- eee 79 Rhizogonium lindigii-..._...---.-.-----.---- 79 mnioides__...---...--------------------- 51, 79 spiniforme ..-.--.--...-----. ---.-------- 79 Rhynchostegiopsis auricolor___...---. .--..- 105 flexuosa. --....--.--.------ 22 ---ee 105 Rhynchostegium scariosum___..._...-_._.-- 106 Rigodium gracile_.__..---.-.---.-----.__---- 97 Schliephackea meterioides -_____-------..-_- 68 Sematophyllaceae___..--...___------------ 108-110 Sematophyllum caespitosum_-..-_.--.------ 109 kegelianum -_........------.....-------- 109 Sphagnaceae....... .-.-.----------.--------- 56 Sphagnum magellanicum..---.-......------- 56 meridense.......--....---.---.---.------ 56 recurvumM__....---.--.-------------.----- 52, 56 Splachnaceae..-..-.-.--.--.--2---------- .-- 76 Squamidium longipilum____---.---.-.-----. 93 macrocarpum -.-.._.-------------------- 93 nigricans ._..-.---.---------------------- 93 x INDEX Page Streptopogon rigidus----.------------------- 75 Syrrhopodon berterianus_.--------..--- ----- 72 cristatus ___.....-.---------------------- 52, 72 pusillus.._.----..---------- -----.------- 73 flavescenS_--.--.-----. -.---------------- 72 incompletus-_......---------------------- 72 lycopodioides ___..... ------------- -.-- 114 therioti...-.........-------------------- 52, 73 Taxiphyllum planissimum-.....------ .----- 111 Tayloria scabriseta.-_--.-------------------- 51, 76 Thamniopsis killipii-..-..-.-.-...---..----- 103 pendula--..-.-.------------------------ 51, 103 Thuidaceae___.------.----.----.---- .----- 105, 106 Thuidium antillarum_....-----. ------------ 106 ° Pago Thuidium—Continued. delicatulum.-......-.------------------- 105 miradoricum._....--..-.. --------------- 52, 103 gracilescens__--.--.------------------ 103 pellucens.__.....-------.---- ---.-------- 103 wrightii-_....--------- .----- ------------ 105 Thysanomitrium richardi---.--------------- 62, 65 Tortula caroliniana --....-...-.------.-.---- 7 Vesicularia amphibola-.-.------------------ lil Webera papillosa ..-----...----------------- 75 spectabilis ..----_-..-----------.-- ----- 73 Zygodon liebmannii--..--.----- leeeee ween 8) pungens_...._------------------.--------- 8) reinwardtii.._...----.-....-------------- 7) ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS U. 8S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. 20 CENTS PER COPY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME 26, PART 4 THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA By WILLIAM TRELEASE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1929 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington,D.C. - - - - - Price 20 cents BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM PREFACE The present number of Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, by Dr. William Trelease, University of Illinois, deals with the very numerous forms of the pepper family, Piperaceae, occurring in Costa Rica. It has been prepared in connection with Doctor Trelease’s monographic study of the family as represented in North and South America. It is based upon a wide examination of material in both European and American herbaria, including a very large series of specimens collected in Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley in recent years. In all, 434 species are recognized (2 in Pothomorphe, 2 in Sarcorachis, 290 in Piper, 140 in Peperomia), more than one- half being here described as new. The location of the type specimens of the new species is indicated in each case. Nearly all are in the National Herbarium. Freperick V. CoviL1e, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Il CONTENTS Introduction ~--..-.___-_--_------------+--------+-------------------- Systematic treatment_______._-__--.---------------------------------- Index_________---------------------- ---------------+--+---+------+----- THE PIPERACHAE OF COSTA RICA By WILLIAM TRELEASE INTRODUCTION As a result of the first explorations in Costa Rica by the Swiss botanists Henry Pittier and Adolf Tonduz, Monsieur Casimir De Candolle ! in 1891 listed for that country 5 species and 2 varieties of the segregable genus Pothomorphe, and 1 species of the genus which I have segregated ? as Sarcorhachis, in addition to 74 differentiated forms of Piper and 45 of Peperomia. Of the Pipers, 33 were de- scribed as new; and of the Peperomias, 15. A later enumeration. of further collections by the same botanists, reduces the Pothomorphe: to 8, but (if one may assume names listed in the first enumerations to have been held as valid except when definitely noted as synonyms, for the lists are not formally comparable) increases the differen- tiated Pipers to 185, of which 57 were considered new; and the dif- ferentiated Peperomias to 79, of which 24 were described as new. By far the larger part of these forms were endemic, so far as available material showed, and with South American affinities. Since the collections by Pittier and Tonduz, made a generation ago, little has been brought to light except for a few interesting species collected by William R. Maxon, of the United States National Herbarium, until the recent exploration by Paul C. Standley. The privilege of examining his collections has led to the following mono- Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg, 30: 197-285. 1891, preceded by a partial enumeration in volume 29, part 2, of the same Bulletin, 1890. * Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26:16. 1927. * Anal, Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9:153-180. 1897. This and the list of 1891 ‘were reprinted in the Primitiae Florae Costaricensis of Durand and Pittier, and reference is made commonly to the latter. Unfortunately the second con- tribution is ascribed to volume 8 of the Anales; but it actually appeared in volume 9, and, according to Monsieur Pittier, the editor, was published on November 28, 1897—three years earlier than the date of the Belgian Primitiae reprint, which is commonly referred to. The very differently repaged and recom- posed reprints commonly seen measure 14X21 cm., but direct “ separata”’ of the original constitute a veritable édition de luxe, the type-bed (measuring 1723 cm.) on paper 30X41 cm., and with the unchanged pagination here cited. 115 116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM graph of all of the Costa Rican Piperaceae, which, as I now see them, number 2 species of Pothomorphe, 2 of Sarcorhachis, 290 of Piper, and 140 of Peperomia—in the last two genera the novelties reaching, respectively, 159 and 71, apart from minor forms and earlier characterized varieties here given specific rank. It is of interest to note that when Monsieur De Candolle mono- graphed the Piperaceae for the Prodromus‘ in 1869 only a few spe- cies from Costa Rica had been seen (15 numbers of Peperomia and 7 of Piper, collected by Hoffmann) ; but in 1872 he published * the results of an examination of a somewhat larger number (14 of Peperomia and 21 of Piper), collected by Oersted. The individual collections—including the foregoing—on which the present summation is based, number about 800 specimens of Peper- omia and 1,300 of Piper, made by some 30 botanists, none of whom has preserved representatives of more than 20 Peperomias or 30 Pipers, except for Pittier and Tonduz (205 Peperomias, 523 Pipers), and Standley, Rojas Torres, and Valerio (461 Peperomias, 616 Pipers). Attention should be called to the fact that labels and ref.- erences are somewhat interchanged in different herbaria as between Pittier and Tonduz, so that their numbers are preferably to be as- cribed to them jointly rather than individually. As a matter of convenience, locality data for Mr. Standley’s very numerous collections are cited in greatly abbreviated form, except. in the case of type specimens; a full list of the Costa Rican locali- ties in which he collected, with altitudes, date, and geographic data, has already been published.* Notwithstanding the large number of collections that have been made, the localities that they came from constitute but a small frac- tion of the area of Costa Rica, from which equally large and sig- nificant collections remain for the future, since in large part the: species appear to be closely localized. Apparently conditions are especially favorable for the differentia- tion of the Piperaceae in Costa Rica, which reaches from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean, rising into a chain of volcanic peaks separating the two main drainage systems, between which a high central valley or meseta lies—the divide merging into that of Panama at the one end and melting away into the comparative low- lands of Nicaragua at the other. This configuration affords a great, range in precipitation, sunshine and evaporation, and temperature, for parts of the lower Pacific slope are arid, while almost daily rain “DC. Prodr. 16°: 285 %-471. 1869. *Linnaea 37 : 333-390, “ 1872-1878,” actually of July, 1872. °In a paper by Edwin B. Bartram, Costa Rican Mosses Collected by Paul C. Standley in 1924-1926. (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 26: 51-114. 1928.) TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 117 and mist characterize the higher volcanic mountains; and the cen- tral meseta is comparable with the great Reventazén Valley, which falls from it on the rainy Caribbean slope. In his publications on the Costa Rican Piperaceae, Monsieur De Candolle draws attention to the extreme richness of this country in species. The following comparative tabulation of the Piperaceae that I have recognized in several countries of comparable area not only brings this fact out but shows some very striking contrasts in the generic representation and differentiation of the family in these coun- tries—differentiation of forms being far greater on the continent, where Pipers predominate, than on the islands, where Peperomias predominate. a - , — | | § 3 E g | 3 Country Area | g A % | a 3 g g S 2 2/8 &€ & g|8) 22 o1|ma | & | a | Ri >|m | & | & — oo | | _ Square | miles | Costa Rica___.-------- 23,000; 4| 2} 0, 2; 290 O} 0} 140 | 434 Panama-_-____--------- 32,400 | 4; 2] O 1; 92, O| O 44 | 139 Cuba_____------------ 44,200; 4| 2; 0; 0; 28 2] O; 61 93 Hispaniola-_-_-_-------- 29,500; 6; 2 1 0 | 28 1 1 58 | 92 For all West Indies 2__-_|-------- 7| 2) 1 1, 66 3) 1} 79/| 158 ° As monographed in 1903 by Monsieur De Candolle. KEY TO GENERA Stigmas 2 to 5 (mostly 3 or 4). Spikes axillary or terminal; plants suffruticose. Spikes several on a common penduncle. 1. POTHOMORPHE (p. 117). Spike solitary in the leaf axil, or terminal. 2. SARCORHACHIS (p. 118). Spikes opposite the leaves, solitary; plants woody. 3. PIPER (p. 119). Stigma 1, more or less penicillate; plants herbaceous. 4. PEPEROMIA (p. 185). 1. POTHOMORPHE Mia. Leaves distinctly peltate____.___.____----.---------------------- 1. P. peltata. Leaves cordate, not peltate________-_--.-------------- ae 2. P. umbellata. 1. Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Mig. Comm. Phyt. 37. 1840. Piper peltatum L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. (Spelled “ pelatum.”’) Peperomia peltata Dietr. Syn. Pl. 1: 142, 1831. Lepianthes peltatum Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 85. 1838. Heckeria peltata Kunth, Linnaea 13: 565. 1839. Piper ottonis Auct., as to Costa Rica. Typp LocaLiry: “America calidiore.” Rance: From Cuba through the West Indies, and on the mainland from northern South America to Mexico. 118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Costa Rica: La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36718, 36724. Hacienda de Guacimo, United Fruit Co. 11. Zent and Guicimo, Tonduz 14648. Boca de Zhorquin, Tonduz 8546. Boruca, Tonduz 3596, 4487, 4782. Matina, Pittier 9723. Tuis, Tonduz 11522, 11523. ‘Tsuritkub, Tonduz 8658. Punta Mala, Tonduz 6808. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Biolley 7440. Tsaki, Tonduz 9529. Shirores, Tonduz 9269. Rio Zhorquin, “ Yurquin,” Tonduz 8546, Naranjo, Oersted 884a. Lim6én, Stevens 848, 894. El Arenal, Guanacaste, Standley € Valerio 45184. Rio Corozal, Tonduz 9977. 2. Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Mig. Comm. Phyt. 36. 1840. Piper umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753. Peperomia umbellata Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 124. 1822. Lepianthes umbellatum Raf. Sylv. Tellur. 85. 1838. Heckeria umbellata Kunth, Linnaea 13: 569, 1839, Piper dombeyanum Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper subpeltatum sidaefolium Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper umbellatum glabrum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Hispaniola. Rance: Through the West Indies; and on the continent from Peru and Brazil to Mexico. Costa Rica: Trejos, Tonduz 12865. Turrialba, Oersted 906; Tonduz 8344. La Palma, Tonduz 12608. Carrillo Road, Tonduz 2527. Punta Mala, Tonduz 6808. Tuis, Tonduz 8167, 11522, 11523. Cartago, Cooper 341, distributed as J. D. Smith 5920. San José, Tonduz 693, 1377, 5023. Peralta, Stevens 330, 342, 446. Experiencia Farm, Stevens 546b. La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36713. Las Pavas, Standley 36094. Tilarin, Standley & Valerio 44218. San Pedro de Montes de Oca to Curridabat, Standley 32776. San Sebastian, Standley 49351. Without locality. Kuntze 1874. 2. SARCORHACHIS Trel. Spikes axillary_------_____-_-_-__- eee 1. 5. naranjoana, Spikes terminal____._-.----------- 2, S. anomala. 1. Sarcorhachis naranjoana (C. DC.) Trel. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 26: 17. 1927. Piper naranjoanum C. DC. Linnaea 87: 363. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Naranjo, Costa Rica (Oersted 878, the type). Raney: Costa Rica; occurring also in Darien, Panama. Costa Rica: Rio Hondo, plains of Santa Clara, Cook & Doyle 616. Hacienda. de Zent, Tonduz 14646. Juan Vifias, Tonduz 1871. El Mufieco, Standley & Valerio 50957, with leaves 10-14X15 cm. Quebrada Serena, Tilardn, Standley ¢& Valerio 46172. 2. Sarcorhachis anomala Trel., sp. nov. A scandent soft shrub, differing from 8. naranjoana in it terminal spike (thus resembling the Brazilian Sarcorhachis obtusa (Miq.) Trel.),?7 4X70 mm., on a thickened peduncle 15 mm. long, the depressed berries lenticularly elongated with the rachis. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,452, collected at La Hondura, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, March 24, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37909). RanGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. "Artanthe obtusa Mig. Syst. Pip. 416. 1844. Piper fluminense C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 308. 1869. ? Piper convallariodorum C. DC. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. I: 356, 1901. 23. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 119 3. PIPER L. KEY TO SPECIES . Leaves palmately nerved_-------~----------------------------------- 2. Leaves pinnately or multiple nerved___._--------------------------- 16. . Leaves gibbous or very inequilateral at base____.._-------------------- 3. Leaves not gibbous, nearly equilateral__________-_-_------------------- 4, . Glabrous; leaves scarcely 4 by 13 em__-------------- 2. P. pertractatum. Puberulent ; leaves becoming twice as wide___--------- 3. P. magnifolium. . Leaves elongate, not cordate__.___-__-_---------------------------------- 5. Leaves usually about half as broad as long__------------------------ i . Glabrous______________---___--_--.----------------------------------- 6. Obscurely papillate________--___--__-------------------- 6. P. compactum. Puberulent or velvety_-_----------------------- 5. P. san-marcosanum. . Leaves lance-oblong, 3 by 18 em__----------------------- 1. P. virillanum. Leaves subelliptic, twice as wide_______-_--_-_--_--------------------- 13. . Petioles not winged, with the leaves truly cordate___-_____---_---_------ 8. Lower petioles often winged, then with cordate blades__--_------------ 138. . Glabrous when mature___________------------------------------------ 9. Obscurely papillate_____________-_--__-_-------------- 6. P. compactum. At least locally puberulent or velvety___-__-_------------------------- 12. Locally subvillous____---___---_----------------------- 7. P. tilaranum. . Leaves searcely 6 by 12 em_____-_--_------------------------------- 10. Leaves becoming 13 to 18 em. long___-_---------------------------- 11. Leaves becoming distinctly larger_____________------------------------ 13. . Nerves glandular-granular__________--_----------- 8. P. adenophlebium. Nerves not glandular-granular________------------------- 4, P. tenuipes. . Leaves minutely pale-dotted beneath_____-_--------- 9, P. xanthoneurum. Leaves neither dotted nor granular______-_----------- 10. P. venulosum. . Leaves searcely 7 by 8 em______------_------------------------------ 13. Leaves becoming 10 to 13 cm. long_________.----_--- 11. P. recuperatum. . Glabrous when mature_________________-_-__-_----------------------- 14. At least locally velvety or hirtellous________-_---_-_------------------- 15. . Leaves searcely 8 by 16 em________----_-----_----- 13. P. dissimulans. Leaves becoming much larger; stigmas on a disk_.14. P. smilacifolium. . Leaves searcely 7 by 11 cm__________----------------- 12. P. nicoyanum. Leaves becoming 16 by 18 em____---------------- 15. P. san-joseanum. . Midrib subequally branched nearly throughout__-------------------- 17. Without strong ascending branches upward__--------~--------------- 30. . Leaf-base appreciably acute or else equilateral__._._.___-_--_-------_-~_- 18. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse or very inequilateral____-___-------_------- 22. . Leaves scarcely 7 em. wide________-_____-___---------------------~- 19. Leaves becoming fully 10 cm. wide _____________----_-------------_- 22. . Spikes short (25 mm.) and pointed_____________--_ 34. P. candelarianum. Spikes elongate____.______________________-_-__------- +--+ 20. . Leaves 3 or 5 nerved from near the base___----- 29. P. guanacastense. Leaves not triple-nerved_________-_____-___--__-_-------------------_ 21. . Fruit deeply sulcate___..__.___--___----_---- 30. P. acuminatissimum. Fruit not deeply suleate_______--_--______-_____-_____- 27. P. arieianum. . Leaf-base nearly or quite equilateral__.._...._._._.___------------------- 23. Leaf-base distinctly inequilateral..._......_..._.___.._-_-_-_-----_----_-- 28. Leaves glabrous above_____________________________ ++ 24. Leaves pubescent on upper side_________-__________________.---_-_--- 27. 120 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 33. 38. 39. 41. 43. 45. GONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves glabrous beneath; nerves not impressed__--__________--_______. 25. Leaves ciliate, or the many nerves puberulent or impressed___________- 27. Leaves up to 5 by 10 em________________________ 28. P, cyanophyllum. Leaves becoming distinctly larger_________.__..-__._.---_____-_-___-_- 26. Leaves 8 to 10 em. wide__-_______________________ 24. P. asymmetricum. Leaves becoming one-half wider______________________ 25. P. borucanum. Leaves subovate; nerves not impressed______________ 26. P. prismaticum. Leaves subelliptic; nerves impressed_......._....-_-- 21. P. sublineatum. Leaves scarcely 12 cm. long, thin and green__16. P. tuberculatum minus. Leaves distinctly larger, firm_____._-______-_-_--_-_-_ ee 29. Leaves lance-oblong, acute-based____._________ 20. P. longepetiolatum. Leaves broadly oblong__-_____________________ 19. P. pseudobumbratum. Leaves lance-ovate_____-____-_-_-_--____-------- 18. P. obumbratifolium. Leaves elliptic-ovate___.__._.__________--____-----_-- 17. P. corozalanum. . Leaf-base appreciably acute______------------------------------------ 31. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse, or cordate at least on one side____________ 63. . Petiole characteristically winged; stigmas borne on a style___________-_ 119. Petiole not winged, or else the stigmas sessile____--_-____--_-_______- 32. . Leaves glabrous above, between the nerves_____-----------_-_-______ 33. Leaves granular or scabrous or pubescent on both sides______________ 213. Leaves glabrous beneath_.__--._______-______--______-_----____#_ 34. Leaves puberulent or pubescent beneath, at least along the nerves____54. 4. Leaves about half as broad as long___________-_______-______-_-_____- 35. Leaves more elongate_--__---_____--_______-_______----_---_______ 40. . Spikes short and thick (3 by 25 mm.)_-__-_-___ 95. P. gracilipedunculum. Spikes longer and more slender_____-----_-__--_-_-__-_____-_______ 36. . Leaves callous-inrolled at base__------____________ 204. P. catacryptum. Leaves not bicalloused at base___.__._______--__-__- aoe ae 37. . Leaves barely 4 by 9 em_____-_____---_-----------_--_-_ 38. Leaves 4 to 5 by 12 cm., lance-ovate______ 207. P. elliptico-lanceolatum. Leaves about 6 by 14 em___________ eee 39. Leaves 7 to 9 by 15 cm., elliptic-ovate______________ 77. P. caeruleifolium. Leaves distinctly larger_....________--------------__---_ 22. P. brenesii. Leaves elliptic__.__.___._-_--__--_____________ 210. P. leptoneuron. Leaves rhombic-ovate_____________-__--- ee 216. P. pablense. Spikes thick, with sterile tip___._..______-_.-_-___-______ 97. P. decurrens. Spikes slender____________-_________-_____________ 96. P. surubresanum, . Leaves bicalloused at base__.._.______-____________ 203. P. urophyllum. Lowest leaves sometimes truncate-cordate_____._____________-_______ 110. Leaves neither calloused nor cordate__________________--_--_ 41. Leaves lance-elliptic___..__.._____~_-_ ee 42. Leaves elliptic-suboblong___________/___-_-_-____-_-__-_-- eee 47. Leaves lanceolate______--__--___-----_-_-___ ~---------- +e 53. . Leaves scarcely 12 cm. long_________-_______ eee 43. Leaves about 15 cm. long_______-__--_-_-___----_-_-__-_-___-___-e 46. Spikes 30 to 40 mm. long______________._______-- 205. P. tractifolium. Spikes more elongate_____________-_ 44. . Spikes filiform —______________-_--_- ee 45. Spikes 38 mm. thick_______________-________________ 218. P. coarctatum. Twigs scarcely sulcate___.______________________ 206. P. concinnifolium. Twigs strongly sulcate in drying___________________ 217. P. carnosicaule. . Spikes 50 to 70 mm. long_______________-________ 166. P. arundinetorum. Spikes about 100 cm. long____________________-- ee 219. P. tuisanum. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 121 47. Spikes thick, with slender tip________._-____._.__._________ 59. P: impube. Spikes slenderer or longer_._.--.------------- eee 48. 48. Plants scandent_______________-__-_-__-__---- 211. P. xanthostachyum. Plants not scandent____-----_______----------_---- =i -- 49, 49. Spikes filiformr_._____-____---___-__----------__u-- a ee 50. Spikes 3 mm. thick__________________________--_--__-__---_-----_-_---_- 51. 50. Nerves from the lower third..______-____________.. 215. P. heptaneurum, Nerves from the lower half--__.--_________--_-__-- 212. P. stenocladum. 51. Leaf-base slightly inequilateral__._._._._.____._...._..__-- 208. P. diquisanum. Leaf-base essentially equiliateral___._.._.___.._.__._-__._-__-----__-- oon 52, 52. Lower nerves approximate______-_________-____-- 214. P. costaricense. Nerves not congested below________-________________--_-~--___--___- 53. 53. Spikes filiform_ __--__---_------__-_--_----------- 209. P. tenuispicum. Spikes 3 mm. thick_-_-_____--__----_-------- 213. P. stenocladophorum. 54. Leaves about half as broad as long__------------------------------- 55. Leaves more elongate___-__--------------------------------L------.+-- 58. 55. Petioles winged; stigmas borne on a style_______________-_____-_-_- 119. Petioles not winged, or else stigmas sessile_________________-___--_- 56. 56. Spikes filiform _._______--___________-____ Woe eee eee eee ee 57. Spikes 3 mm. thick..__---_.-___-____-_--_-----~- 176. P. esquivelanum. 57. Leaves up to 8 by 16 em___------~----------------- 175. P. oppressum. Leaves nearly 10 by 20 em_______-_--___-_--___------- 174, P. epigynium. 58. Petioles winged; stigmas born on a style_____--------------.------ 119. Petioles not winged, or else stigmas sessile.__...__.__._._._____-----_-_-_- 59. 59. Leaves linear-oblong, 2 by 8 em____--___________- 224. P. linearifolium. Leaves lance-oblong, twice as long - wit een ee! 60. Leaves lanceolate or subelliptic, still larger_________-__-_---_--_-_-__- 62. 60. Lower petioles winged; glandular-granular______~ 177. P. machadoanum. Petioles not winged__________--__--_____~--__---- eee 61. 61. Plant scandent __--__-__- ~---- ee 199. P. silvivagum. Plant not seandent_______________________----_______- 179. P. nodosum. 62, Nerves puberulent beneath _________________________ 185. P. disparipes. Nerves hispid or silky beneath____________________-___ 180. P. coactoris. Pubescence subvillous_______________________-___- 181. P. villistipulum. 63. Leaves distinctly peltate, large______ - -- 64. Leaves. not peltate______--_-----_---__---------_-___------------+--+-- 65. 64. Leaves regularly ovate, glabrous._--_-----_-----_- 104. P. peltaphyllum. Leaves subcordate-ovate, glabrous__._.___________--- 105. P. veraguense. Leaves cordate-truncate, subpentagonal, pubescent_106. P. copeyanum. 65. Leaves cordate or auricled, large; petiole long_-_.--------+--------_- 66. Leaves shallow or subtruncate-cordate; petiole moderately long or thick_96. Leaves short-petioled, if cordate______-_-_______________------------ 113. 66. Auricles acute; stigmas borne on a style____-_---- 107. P. sagittifolium. Auricles or basal lobes not acute___...-_____-____-___-- ee 67. 67. Petiole rather thick and winged, or basal lobes unequal________--___-_ 68. Petiole slender; basal lobes subequal____-_--__-__-_-----_----------- 90. 68. Sinus lateral, or one lobe large or auricle-like_________________--_-_-_- 69. Sinus basal, the lobes searcely auricle-like if unequal___-_ 82. 69. Petiole equilong on both sides____-_____-_-___-__-------------------- 70. Petiole observably longer on one side_____---_-------------------_- 75. 70. Leaves subpandurately elliptic____________________ 108. P. glabrifolium. Leaves subpandurately oblong _ _-120. P. cenocladum. Leaves elliptic___-_ --- -- 109. P. pseudo-glabrifolium. Leaves (with basal auricle) subobovate_____________________-______--- 71. 122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 71. Petiole shorter than the auricle_______._________-__-- 121. P. signatum. Petiole about equaling the auricle______._______________------------- 72. Petiole longer than the auricle________._____________.___---------- 73. 72. Leaves not bullulate; plant subhirsute_____-______ 122. P. ciliatifolium. Leaves bullulate; plant velvety____-.__-__________ 123. P. bullulaefolium. 73. Nerves puberulent beneath______________________-____-__ 124, P. tinctum. Pubescence subvillous_____--____-_____--_-________------ +--+ 74. 74. Auricle as broad as long___-__-_________._______---- 125. P. biseriatum. Auricle twice as long as broad________________-____- 126. P. dasypogon. 75. Spikes 5 to 6 mm. thiek__________________ eee eee 76. Spikes long and slender___._____________-____--_-_---_-----------_- 77. 76. Petiole fleshy-warty ; leaves ovate, puberulent_____. 127. P. magnilimbum. Petiole not fleshy-warty ; leaves villous__....-___.__ 128, P. fimbriulatum. 77. Pubescence villous__..-.-.-----_-----__---__-----_-_------_--------- 78. Puberulent or short-pubescent___......_._._._-_______-___----------_--- 80. 78. Leaves bullulate, villous__.__.____.__.________- uu eee 135. P. silvicola. Leaves not bullulate_..._.._________ oe eee 79. 79. Tomentulose-subvillous____.-__»-___ -»»--- 131. P. exiguispicum. Wssentially glabrous____-__-_.-_--_____-___ 130. P. pseudo-fimbriulatum. 80. Peduncle nearly 10 cm. long___-___--____________ 132. P. perlongipes. Peduncle much shorter_____.____-____________ eee eee 81. 81. Leaves somewhat pubescent on both sides__133. P. auritum amplifolium. Leaves glabrous beneath--___-_.-_______.__ ._.--184. P. auritifolium. 82. Leaves subpandurately obovate_____________________-___-___-________ 83. Leaves broadly ovate__________-_--________________ eee 84. 83. Nerves hirtellous beneath; twigs criSp-velvety_____ 129. P. pentagonum. Nerves obscurely puberulent________________________ 110. P. pacacanum. 84. Leaves scarcely longer than broad____.____________- 111. P. subfuscum. Leaves more elongate______-_________-__ eee eee eee eee eee 85. 85. Not fleshy-warty___---_-------_-__________ eee eee ee 86. Nodes and petioles fleshy-warty___._____.__________________________ 89. 86. Basal lobes unequal_________________ eee eee 87. Basal lobes nearly equal___-_____________________ eee eee 88. 87. Leaves broadest at base____-__----___________ onan ee 112. P. ceibense. Leaves somewhat narrowed below_____-___--__-_ 113. P. neurostachyum. 88. Nerves puberulent beneath__----_________________ 114. P. escuadranum. Pubescence crisp-velvety_____-.-____-_§ 5 115. P. irrasum. Pubescence crisp-villous____.___.________ 5 117. P. aserrianum. 89. Petiole shorter than the lobes____._________________ 118. P. cincinnatum. Petiole longer than the lobes_____._________________ 116. P. palmanum. Petiole subequal to the lobes__-____.___.____________ 119. P. clavuliger. 90. Nerves deeply impressed_......._.-__________-_______ 78. P. corrugatum. Nerves searcely impressed_________-_-______ eee 91. 94. Petiole winged to the end_____________ nee 79. P. gibbosum. Petiole usually unwinged____.____-_-_-_ 3 eee 92. 92. Sinus U-shaped___----_--_________________ eee 93. Sinus contracted above the base; nerves yellow___________ 81. P. omega. 98. Drying thin and green____..-_______________ eee 94. Drying firm and bluish____-_____________________ eee eee 110. 94. Glabrous ____-----------------_____-_ eee eee 95. Nerves somewhat puberulent beneath______________ 80. P. paulownifolium. 95. Blade not crossing the petiole____._._______________ 82. P. carrilloanum. Margin connate across the petiole_.._..___._____ ______ 83. P. vallicolum. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 123 Petiole stout, winged ; leaves large___________-_-..-------------------- 97. 96. Petiole slender_ -- poe e+ 102. 97. Leaf-base obliquely rounded; petiole warty_------------ 136. P. mirabile. Leaf-base narrowly cordate____________---_-_------------------------- 98. Leaf-base subtruncate-cordate_________-_______-_--------------------- 99. 98. Leaves elliptic_____.____.____-_-__----------------------- 137, P. evasum. Leaves ovate__________________------------------ 138. P. longevillosum. 99. Leaves dark-granular___-------------------------------- 139. P. pittieri. Leaves not glandular-roughened______--_---------------------------- 100. 100. Nerves appressed-pubescent beneath___-___-_-_----------------------- 101. Villous-hirsute__._.____-__________-_-_------------------ 141. P. riparense. 101. Nodes and petiole fleshy-warty__--------------------- 140, P. trimetrale. Not fleshy-warty____-__-__----__------------------ 142. P. euryphyllum. 102. Petioles characteristically winged________--------------------------- 103. Only the longest petioles, if any, winged above the base_------------- 108. 103. Spikes elongate___.__.____-_----------------------------------------- 104. Spikes short and thick, with sterile tip_______---------------------- 119. 104. Leaves suboblong______------____----_------------ 93. P. melanocladum. Leaves lanceolate________________------------------------ 72. P. aereum. Leaves broadly ovate--_------------------------------------------- 105. Leaves round-ovate, equilateral______------------------------------- 106. 105. Stigmas on at least a short style-__._------------------------------- 119. Stigmas subsessile____--_--_------------------------ 73. P. deflexispicum. 106. Plant scandent; leaves 10 cm. wide___--_-------------- 84. P. aragonense. Plant bushy______-___-_------_------------------------------------- 107. 107. Leaves 10 em. wide________------------------------ 85. P. perpuberulum. Leaves becoming 15 by 15 em.__------------------ 86. P. cercidiphyllum. 108. Leaves broadly ovate___-----_---------------------------------- ,--109. Leaves obliquely lanceolate__.-------------------------------------- 112. 109. Leaves drying thin and green____--.------------------ 74. P. escasuense. Leaves drying firm and bluish___-_---------------------------------- 110. 110. Upper leaves narrow and acute-based___------------- 75. P. tacamahaca. Leaves all ovate__-____________-------------------- 76. P. subvariabile. Leaves obliquely and broadly elliptic________-_----------------------- 111. 111. Nerves puberulent beneath___--------------------- 89. P. cyphophyllum. Nerves crisp-pubescent beneath___-_.-------------- 92. P. sinuatifolium. 112. Petiole glabrous____--------------------------------- 90. P. falcigerum. Petiole puberulent_-__-_-_----------------------- 91. P. sublaevifolium. 113. Leaves oblanceolate, very obliquely auricled____._._------------------- 114. Leaves lance-oblong, deeply cordulate_________----- 227. P. disparispicum. Leaves lanceolate, obliquely cordulate_______-_--- 149. P. subaspericaule. Leaves lance-ovate, ovate, or subobovate, obliquely subcordulate______ 115. Leaves not as above______--___------------------------------------ 118. 114. Petiole glabrate; nerves puberulent__.-_--------- 144. P. auriculiferum. Petiole appressed-pubescent_____---.----------------- 143. P. otophorum. 115. Glabrous; leaves falcately pointed__.-__-___-----_-- 148. P. celatipetiolum. Nerves puberulent beneath__~-------~-------------- 147. P. disparifolium., Crisp-hairy beneath; twigs and upper side villous__---- 146. P. insolens. Generally villous___.----------------------------------------------- 116. 116. Leaves scabrous__-_ ~o--------- + __.145. P. biauritum. Leaves scarcely scabrous, small______--___-_--- _--------------+----- 117. 117. Pubescence stiff beneath__.-.__-_------------------- 161, P. polytrichum, Pubescence soft__.__.._-----.---.--------------- 160. P. rhodostachyum. 124 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Petiole mostly winged; stigmas on a style_-_-_--------------------- 119 Stigmas sessile, even though petiole winged_------------------------- 156 Leaves less than twice as long as broad, or elliptical if slightly longer_120. Leaves about twice as long as broad___----_------------------------ 133. Leaves more elongate._.._----------------------------------------- 143 Peduncle filiform; villous throughout_____-__------------------------- 121. Peduncle not filiform and villous_______----------------------------- 122. Leaves short-acuminate; spikes with hairy tip_----- 31. P. urostachyum. Leaves narrowly caudate__-------------------- 32. P. arcte-acuminatum, Leaves (mature) glabrous above between the nerves______------------ 128. Leaves pubescent on both sides__---------------------------------- 131. Leaves glabrous beneath__-----------_------------------------------ 124. Nerves, at least, pubescent beneath______------__--__---------------- 126. Leaves glandular-granular__________--_------------------------------ 125. Leaves seareely granular__------.------------- 48. P. submultiplinerve. Upper leaves elliptic and acute-based___-__-------- 43. P. pachystylum. Leaves all equilaterally ovate___-___-__---------------- 47, P. labeculatum. Spikes thick and short (10 by 20 mm.) ------------------------------ 127 Spikes slender or elongate____--_----------------------------------- 128, Leaves ovate_______-___-__---------------------- 39. P. cuspidispicum. Leaves elliptic____-_-_--------------------------------- 38. P. pubinerve. Petiole winged throughout____-------------------------------------- 129. Petiole winged only below the middle_____----------- 49. P. nudifolium. Petiole winged only near the base; leaves bullulate__33. P. irazuanum. Leaf-base appreciably acute____-.--_-_-__------------ 45. P. annulatum, Leaf-base obtuse or subcordulate___._______-------------------------- 130 Leaves scarcely 6 by 12 em____--------------.----- 53. P. altevaginans. Leaves becoming 7 by 16 em_____-- ~~ 55. P. opercsum. Leaves becoming 9 by 18 em_-__-------------------- 57. P. zhorquinense. Petiole 5 mm. long__---------------------------------- 41. P. dryadum. Petiole and spikes elongate_-__--_-_---------------------------------- 182. Leaves strongly bullulate-rugose______-_---__-_--__------ 33. P. irazuanum. Leaves not bullulate--___----------------------------- 42. P. rufescens. Leaves (mature) glabrous above between the nerves______------------ 134. Leaves pubescent on both sides___.------------------ 40. P. viridispicum. Leaves glabrous beneath___----_------ _o-- eee +--+ +--+ +--+ 135. Nerves, at least, pubescent beneath; spikes elongate_________-___-_- 137. Spikes short and thick___------------------------------------------- 136. Spikes elongate_____------------_---------_-- 46. P. pseudopropinquum, Flowering internodes short____..-._-__-------------~- 86. P. curtispicum. Flowering internodes elongate______---__----_----------- 37. P. ripicola. Petioles and twigs glabrate____.______--_-__-_-------------------- 138. Petioles (and twigs below them) somewhat hairy_-_--_-------------- 139. Nerves obscurely puberulent_____-___-_--__----_--------- 67. P. orosianum. Nerves velvety-subhirtellous______--____------------ 44, P. viridifolium. Nerves hirtellous-subhirsute__________-_-__--__----- 66. P. brevistylum. Leaves oblique, subfaleately pointed-_--_--_----------------------- 140. Leaves nearly equilateral, or else short-acuminate_______-_-------_- 141, Pubescence appressed-silky_____________-_----------- 56. P. subsericeum. Pubescence upcurved-subvillous_____---------------------- 54. P. pexum. Nerves subappressed-pubescent___-___-_-___--------__------------------ 142. Nerves subvillous-hirsute__________--___-------_-- 73. P. deflexispicum. Nerves subcrisp-hirtellous_____-____-__-_-_--_------------- 58, P. detonsum. Nerves appressed-pubescent_______________-------------- 52. P. jubatum. 143. Leaves more than one-third as broad as long._.-.-.----------------- 144. Leaves relatively narrower__--_------------------------------------ 149. 144, Leaves glabrous - w------ +--+ +--+ --- +--+ 145. Nerves, at least, puberulent or pubescent beneath_-_-_- ---- 147. 145. Leaves obliquely subcordulate____-__-------------- 69. P. coilostachyum. Leaves scarcely cordulate___-__-__-_--------- panne 146. 146. Leaves green___--------------_-------------- 46. P. pseudopropinquum. Leaves bronzing; style obsolete__________-_------------- 72. P. aereum. 147. Leaves not cordulate, scarcely 18 cm. long_------------------------ 137. Leaves cordulate at the narrowed base__----~_- 148. 148. Bracts not calcarate-__._-..------------------------ 50. P. chirripoense. Bracts calearately thickened______________-__-------- 51. P. calcaratum. 149. Leaf-base not truncate__-_ ~o------ +--+ -------- +--+ 150. Leaf-base obliquely truncate-cordulate; subvillous____.___--_---_-__--- 155. 150. Petioles and twigs glabrous ~uu-- eee 151. Petiocles, and usually twigs below them, pubescent__ 152 151. Spikes thick and short (10 by 20 mm.)__-_-------_---- 35. P. artanthopse. Spikes slenderer and longer____----------------------- 68. P. arcessitum. 152. Leaves at least minutely glandular-granular_____-_____-___-_------_-_- 153. Leaves not glandular-granular__._.--..----------------------------- 154. 153. Nerves puberulent beneath__________________-____-_. 61. P. tarrazuense. Nerves crisp-pubescent beneath_______-_--___--__ 62. P. subzhorquinense. 154. Petiole subpuberulent_________._--_---_-___--___---- 65. P. calvirameum. Petiole hirsute_______-------------------_----------- 64. P. sinugaudens. Petiole subvillous____-_- -~------------ +--+ +--+ 60. P. figlinum. Crisp-villous________----_----------------------.--------- 63. P. ripense. 155. Leaves glabrous above_____-__--------------------- 71. P. pallidifolium. Leaves mostly hairy on both sides_________--_____-___- 70. P. tonduzii. 156. Mature leaves glabrous above between the nerves___-_---___--__-_-_- 157. Leaves rough or pubescent on both sides..-.------------_-_____— 213. 157. Plants spreading or repent or scandent_ eee eee 158. Plants not repent or scandent__________-______________-__-______--__- 169. 158. Leaves glabrous or quickly glabrescent beneath__~_________________ 159. Nerves, at least, pubescent beneath_.____________________-___________ 166. 159. Twigs glabrous___-__-----_----------_------------------------------ 160. Twigs somewhat pubescent; leaves elongate_._.______________________ 165. 160. Leaves about half as broad as long__._.-_____ _- _161. Leaves more elongate___-__--_--_-----_____ eee 162. 161. Leaves scarcely 6 cm. wide.-_-__-__-______ _aaaa- ee 170. P. bryogetum. Leaves nearly twice as wide_---.----------__--- 165. P. concepcionis. 162. Midrib distinctly nearer one side -- 200. P. reptabundum. Midrib subcentral_______________________ 163. 163. Leaves about 3 by 11 em___-_-____--_______________ 194. P. dotanum. Leaves 5 to 6 cm. wide______ -------------- --- 164. 164. Nerving of leaves pinnate__..___________________ 166. P. arundinetorum. Nerving multiple____________ 169. P. pseudo-aduncum. 165. Leaves scant 4 by 11 em___----_---------__---___ 198. P. carpinteranum. Leaves 5 by 16 cm____-_-~-__-_ eee 201. P. flavirameum. 166. Nerves subvelvety beneath ____._._____________________ 168. P. pendens. Nerves puberulent beneath____.___.----_--- 84. P. aragonense. Nerves appressed-pubescent beneath__.___..._________ -- _-167. 167. Many leaves acute-based______-___-_----- 199. P. silvivagum. Leaves scarcely acute-based__......._-_____-__--_-_- 168. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 125 66747—29—_2 126 168. Leaves not rugose_____-___________---_--------- 190. P. subdivaricatum. Leaves becoming subrugose__________-_--__----__- 192. P, zonulatispicum. 169. Leaves glabrous or quickly glabrescent beneath______--------------- 170. Nerves, at least, puberulent or pubescent beneath_______-_-__-____- 187. 170. Leaves about half as broad as long, 7 to 10 em. wide_______________ 171. Leaves more elongate, or much smaller______-------_----_-_____--- 176. 171. Leaves about 7 cm. wide_------~-_---------------~------------------ 172. Leaves about 10 cm. wide_--__------------------------------------ 173. 172. Leaves ovate-elliptie__.______-__--_-__-__--_------ 77. P. caeruleifolium. Leaves subquadrate_____-_---_-_---------------- 244. P. subquadratum. 173. Nerves from the lower third__--__-__------_--__- 163. P. scleromyelum. Nerves from the lower half___..__.__-_-__---_-_--__---_--___-_---_- 174. 174. Leaf-base equilateral__________________________-____--_---_--_--__- 175. Leaf-base inequilateral___.__._._._.__--___-___--__- 154. P. anisophyllum. 175. All except 2 nerves basal___________________________ 87. P. dumetorum. Eight nerves from above the base__.--_---__-_--___- 88. P,. zentanum. 176. Leaves scant 4 by 15 em________-________-__--__- eee 177. Leaves becoming 5 to 7 or 9 em, wide________________-__-_-________ 180. 177. Leaf-base inequilateral; twigs slender, granular____________________ 178. Leaf-base equilateral___________________-_ eee 179. 178. Petiole 10 mm. long______________--_--_--_ ee 197. P. verruculosum. Petiole scarcely one-half as long__-_____________ 196. P. verruculigerum. 179. Upper leaves acute-based____--___-_________________---------__-_--__- 37. Leaves all rounded at base______.__-____- ~-oaan eee 171. P. matinanum. 180. Leaves scant 16 em, long____- -- eee 181. Leaves becoming 16 to 20 em. long__________________-_--- 184, 181. Leaves faleately pointed____.__..__._-_-------____-__-_--_--_-_-_- 182. Leaves not falcate.__...-_--_-_--__--__-_--__-___-_ + ----------_-_- 183. 182. Nerves 5 pairs_._-__-__________-_-- 98. P. micranthera. Nerves 4 pairs, impressed________________-_ ee 23. P. seductum. 188. Spikes filiform_-.---________-__-__-_-____-________ 172. P. cabagranum. Spikes 3 by 70 mm________________- ee 99. P. opacibracteum. 184. Leaves obscurely unguiculate at base__________ 100. P. unguiculiferum. Leaves not unguiculate____________________ 185. 185. Leaves lance-oblong_______________________-_-__-___--_-- eee 186. Leaves lanceolate__________________--__ ee 102. P. terrabanum. Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate________-_-__------__- 103. P. longistipulum. 186. Leaves cordulate__________-_-§_-_- eee 101. P. xiroresanum. Leaves not cordulate_______________-__ ee 167. P. sulcinervosum, 187. Leaves about half as broad as long________-_____-_______-_- 188. Leaves more elongate____.___--___--___-___ eee 198. 188. Leaves searcely 6 by 12 em______________ ee 189. Leaves becoming appreciably larger_______________~_- ee 191. 189. Twigs striately hirtellous-hirsute_____________/_-___ 220. P. striatum. Twigs somewhat hirsute-subvillous______________-_-- ee 190. 190. Some leaves rotund________-_______-_____________ 221. P. guacimonum. Leaves ovate-subelliptic._.________.-_________________ 222. P. poasanum. 191. Leaves obliquely cordulate___.__________-_-__-___ 162. P. nigricaule. Leaves searcely cordulate._____________- ee 192. 192. Leaf-base nearly equilateral___.______________-_-_-- eee 193. Leaf-base somewhat inequilateral__-______________-_-__-__---_ ee 195. 198. Twigs somewhat crisp-pubescent__._._-______________ 223. P. silvanorum. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Twigs glabrous or quickly glabrescent__.__.__._______________________ 194. 196. 197, 210. 211. 212, 218. 214. 215. 216, TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 127 . Petiole scarcely 10 mm. long_______-_---_-_-_--______-- 152. P. vicinum, Petiole becoming twice as long___.____-_-_-__--_- 151. P. chrysostachyum. . Nerves velvety beneath_____._____________---____--____------------ 196. Nerves appressed-pubescent beneath___________-______-__----.------- 197. Nerves subcrisp-pubescent beneath___--_----_-_- 155. P. pseudodilatatum, Spikes about 50 mm. long_____-__--__----__---------- 157. P. uvitanum. Spikes twice as long___-________---___-___-------- 158. P. alajuelanum, Twigs and petioles glabrous_______________-__- 173. P. blepharilepidum. Twigs and petioles puberulent___-______--____--_- 150. P. virgultorum. Twigs transiently soft-pubescent___._._______-__-_-_-_------- 189. P. pubens. . Leaf-base equilateral; nerves impressed___.___- aonecenn eee 199. Leaf-base inequilateral or else the nerves not impressed______-~____ 200. . Spikes hooked; peduncle long___-_------- 225. P. pseudo-lanceaefolium. Spikes not strongly curved____-___------_____- 164. P. subsessilifolium. . Leaves obliquely cordulate, over 15 cm. long__----------------------- 201. Leaves searcely cordulate, or else smaller_____-____-_---_------------- 202. . Nerves puberulent beneath ______________________ 149. P. subaspericaule. Nerves appressed-hirtellous__-._-----_----__------- 150. P. virgultorum. Nerves transiently villous____----___-----_--- 159. P. villosisquamulum, . Leaves scarcely 7 by 15 em____-----_--------------.----------------- 203. Leaves becoming somewhat larger___________________---_---________ 208. . Nerves appressed-pubescent beneath____---_____-----------------_-- 204. Nerves crisp-pubescent beneath____..__--____-__-_--------------_-_- 207. . Twigs quickly glabrescent___________________________-_--_--_-----__ 189. Twigs more persistently hispid-hirsute_________-__-__-__-_------------_- 205. Twigs -subvillous________-----------__-------------- 202. P. pilibaccum. . Pubescence of twigs upeurved______--___-_____- 190. P. subdivaricatum, Pubescence retrorse___-----------------~---------------------------- 206. . Twigs pale-granular______----______--_--_ a 192. P. zonulatispicum. Twigs searcely granular_______-_-----_--_------- 191. P. rotundibaccum. . Bracts gray; peduncle 20 mm. long____-_--_-___-__-_-- 193, P. ejuncidum. Bracts white; peduncle shorter_____---__ 195. P. pseudo-albuginiferum. . Nerves puberulent or papillate beneath ________-- ~ae eee eee 209. Nerves crisp-hairy beneath_______________________- 182. P. tabanicidum. . Twigs glabrous____------------------------------------------------- 210. Twigs transiently puberulent__--------------_------_-_ 187. P. imparipes. Twigs crisp-pubescent______------------------------ 183. P. barbulatum. Petiole glabrous____------------------------- 4-- wena geen 211. Petiole puberulent____-___---_---------- + ee 184. P. umbricola. Nerves rough; twigs granular____---_-----_------_---- 186. P. papulatum. Nerves scarcely roughened_________--- ~~~ eee 212. Leaves scarcely 5 em. wide_-_----------------------- 188. P. leptocladum. Leaves 6 to 8 em. wide__________-_____--_----------- 185. P. disparipes. Leaves 9 em. wide________-__-_--------------- 178. P. brachistophodum. Leaves about half as broad as long___________-__-_-_--__-__-____-_-___- 214. Leaves more elongate_______---_--___------------------------------ 244. Leaves scarcely scabrous__--_- ~o--- ee 215. Leaves granular-roughened or scabrous above_____-___-------------_- 219. Pubescence appressed; leaves scarcely rugose_______-_-_------------- 216. Pubescence subhirsute_________--------------------- 153. P. pelliticaule. Pubescence villous_______-_____--_----___----- eee 218. Leaves searcely 8 by 15 em_____------------------------------------- 217. Leaves 8 to 9 by 16 to 19 em______-_-_-__-------_----- 285. P. domingense. 128 217. 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234, 235. 236. 237. 238. 239, 240. 241, CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Peduncle about 15 mm. long____________-___________ 252. P. salinasanum. Peduncle one-half as long___-_-___-_---_-_-_-_-________ 262. P. verbenanum. Leaves subcordulate_______________------ 94. P. tortuosipilum. Leaves not cordulate____----._-- eee 156. P. zacatense. Pubescence of nerves appressed_________-_.--_-_-__-_-_-_--- ee 220. Pubescence crisp or spreading___.....___-__--_-_----- 233. Leaves somewhat rugose, commonly 15 to 18 em. long___-_________ __..221. Leaves scarcely rugoSe___-__----___-_-_---________ ee 222. Leaves subcordulate, inequilateral__._.-____________ 262. P. verbenanum. Leaves scarcely cordulate_______-____---__________ 256. P. spicilongum Twigs pale-granular_______---__------------- ee 223. Twigs scarcely granular___.__________________-- eee 224. Leaves 6 by 12 em____________ 265. P. carminis. Leaves 16 to 19 cm. long___-__---~-_---__-____ 272. P. punctiunculatum. Leaves 12 to 15 em. long___--____________-___-__ ee 225. Leaves becoming 15 to 20 cm. long___________- eee 296. Leaves becoming lepidote_____________._____________ 274. P. injucundum. Leaves scarcely lepidote_______.__.._---____________ 252. P. salinasanum. Leaves becoming rugose__________--______-__-- 227. Leaves scarcely rugose____________-_____ 243. P. tsuritkubense. Twigs pale-granular______------_-_----____----__ ee 228, Twigs scarcely granular______________-____ 229, Leaves about 5 by 10 em___-_-_---------_----__---- 229. P. cartagoanum. Leaves about 8 by 15 em____________________ 239. P. bisasperatum. Leaves about 12 cm. long____----_-_--_-_--_-___---_---__---_- eee 230. Leaves 18 to 15 cm. long__-_---------------____________- ee 232. Leaves becoming 18 cm. long____-_________________ 253. P. griseo-pubens. Twigs hispid; bracts white______________________ 275. P. albuginiferum. Twigs hirsute-subvillous___.______-___-_-_______-----------------__- 231. Leaves brown-granular______-______-_-_______ 269. P. fusco-granulatum. Leaves white-scabrous__.__________-_-_-_- ee 237. P. reventazonis. Leaf-base acute______________-___-______--__---- 236. P. echeverrianum. Leaf-base obtuse______________________--_____-_-_--- 240. P. pavasense. Twigs pale-granular______-____---------______-__-------- ~~ eee 234. Twigs searcely granular______--__-----_---_____----_----_-_________ 236. Leaves about 10 em. long__------------------------ 231. P. gonagricum. Leaves 12 to 15 em. long______---___----___-_~__-- eee 235. Spikes 4 by 50 to 60 mm_______________________- 277. P. lanatibracteum, Spikes twice as long__________--_____--__-__--___-_ 270. P. baculiferum. Leaves about 10 em. long_____________- ee en 237. Leaves 12 to 15 em. long__-_--_--__-____-___-_____- ee 239 Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em. long___--_--_--------.---.-.-_---_---__ 241 Leaves blunt-pointed_________-._-___---_----__-_-_----__-- 230. P. sepicola. Leaves sharply acuminate_________________________-_ ee 238. Peduncle 10 mm. long_-__-----_-_-____--_-_____--- 233. P. curvipilum. Peduncle one-half as long_-_-____________________- 232. P. pejivallense. Twigs subtomentose or subvillous___________.______ 262. P. verbenanum. Twigs hispid-hirsute____._---___________________--____- ee 240. Leaves glistening-punctulate______________-________ 274. P. injucundum. Leaves white-scabrous____________-__-.____--____ 263. P. valetudinarii. Leaves transiently pubescent__________________ 266. P. coronatibracteum. Leaves glistening-punctulate_________________- 268. P. scintillans. Leaves white-scabrous____________-_-_-- ee _242. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254. 255, 256. 257. 258. 259, 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 266. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 129 Spikes not strongly curved____-------_----------------------+----_-_- 243. Some spikes curved___-_--_--__---------------- eee 250. Leaves lepidote__.__________-__--_------------ 272. P. punctiunculatum. Leaves scarcely lepidote__________---------------- 243. P. tsuritkubense. Leaves searcely scabrous_____------------------+------------------- 245. Leaves granular-roughened or scabrous above___----__----_------_--- 247. Nerves appressed-hispid_________---.-------_----------- 189. P. pubens. Leaves appressed-hirsute______________________________________---__- 246. Leaves subvillous_____----_--_----------------------- 156. P. zacatense. Spikes filiform ____.___________________-__-__----_- 284. P. perhispidum. Spikes 3 mm. thick__--____-_---------------- 238. P. pseudofuligineum. Pubescence of nerves appressed___------------- +--+ 248. Pubescence of nerves spreading.____________-_________--------____--- 260. Twigs pale-granular _________________--_____-____-------------------- 249, Twigs scarcely granular___________-_---___-----_-_--------------_--- 253. Leaves some 12 to 15 em. long______-_____-_-------_---- ee 250. Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em. long___._..__.-_----_---- 273. P. emollitum, Spikes not strongly curved________-____-_--_-----___---------------- 251. Sp:kes hooked or strongly curved__.______---__---- 226. P, celitidifolium. Twigs glabrous____-___--_---__--_ ~~ 248. P. anguillaespicum. Twigs at least transiently pilose or hispid___________________________ 252 Leaves minutely granular_____________-___________ 283. P. ventoleranum., Leaves white-scabrous___----_--__---_--------- 276. P. phanerolepidum. Leaves about 12 to 15 em. long_-----_----------------------------_- 254 Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em. long___--__- _ _ 257. Leaves very lepidote._-._-_-._-._------------------- 267. P. subhirsutum. Leaves searcely lepidote___.__-----------------~--- - - -255. Twigs glabrous___-____-__------------------------- 259. P. torresanum. Twigs hispid___._--.-__----_-__------ eee 234, P. pergeniculatum. Twigs transiently subvillous___.__.__-_-___---_------------------------- 256. Leaves laneceolate______--_--__----- e+e 242. P. cookii. Leaves oblanceolate___.________--___--___-_---_- 250. P. oblanceolatum. Leaves caudately pointed______----__--__-____--_-_----------------- 258. Leaves scarcely caudate__--____-__________________ ee 259. Pubescence yellow ________-_--____-_..---_--__--__---- 286. P. flavescens. Pubescence not yellow_____-___________---_- 287. P. suberythrocarpum. Pedunele velvety____-__________..-------_-_--_--___ 260. P. inhorrescens. Peduncle appressed-pubescent________-_--___---___-_--_ 264. P. submolle. Leaves becoming rugose___-__-__---------------------- 261, Leaves scarcely rugose_________________________ 274. Twigs pale-granular_____________-___------------------------------ 262. Twigs scarcely granular________________________________ _-- 265. Leaves 4 by 10 cm., caudate_____________________ 258. P. caudatifolium. Leaves 12 to 16 em. long______-__-_-____-_-____- 289. P. rugosifolium. Leaves becoming 15 to 18 or 20 cm. long____________________________ 263. Petiole 10 to 15 em. long___________________________________-___-_- 264. Petiole one-half as long_-__--_---------------__ 261. P. squali-pelliculum. Nerves flattened above____________-____-_-_-__ 239. P. bisasperatum. Nerves convallate above______..._---.-_.--_-_--_____ 254. P. leucophlebium. Leaves about 10 to 15 em. long___________________________---- 266. Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em, long_______________________--__-_____- 272. Leaves very bullulate_____.__.--_-__--__----__-----____-___ 267. Leaves openly lacunose____-_ --- _--289. P. rugosifolium. Leaves merely rugose___.----___-__-- wo- ee eeeee 268. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 267. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse____.___.____._____________ 290. P. pseudopsis. Leaf-base appreciably acute______-_-.--_--§_ 288. P. pileatum. 268. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse__.__________________-_-- eee 269. Leaf-base appreciably acute; twigs villous_.....__-________ 246. P. laevius. 269. Leaves scabro-hispid_______________________-_ eee ee ee 270. Leaves scabro-hirsute___-__--_________ eee eee ee 271. 270. Peduncle scarcely 5 mm. long___.________________ 275. P. albuginiferum. Pedunecle twice as long___-__-__________-________ 263. P. valetudinarii. 271. Spikes subfiliform____._-__.--______-___-______ ee 251. P. comatum. Spikes 3 mm. thick________________--_ ee 249. P. dumeticola. Spikes 4 by 75 mm_________-_______--_____ 282. P. capacibracteum. 272. Leaf-hairs stiff ~------- +--+ 261. P. squali-pelliculum. Leaf-hairs soft except at base__.___-_-___- eee 2738. 273. Petiole 10 to 15 mm. long_________-___________ 294. P. leucophlebium., Petiole scarcely 10 mm. long_____________________ 245. P. machucanum, 274. Twigs pale-granular____--__________-____________ 275. Twigs searcely granular__..-_-______-_-_ ee 283. 275. Leaves 10 to 15 em. long_____________-______ ee 276. Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em. long_____-_____-__- eee 281. 276. Twigs quickly glabrescent_____________________§_-_ 277. Twigs persistently pubescent____________+__-__- ee 279. 277. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse__________________ 279. P. pullibracteatum. Leaf-base appreciably acute____-______________ ee 278 278. Leaves granular and lepidote__________________ 281. P. curridabatanum. Leaves white-scabrous________________- 257. P. trichophlebium. 279. Twigs hispid--_-___-_-------_____________ eee 280. Twigs hirsute___----__------_______- 247. P. granulatum. 280. Peduncle short___________-_-_---- ee eee 255. P. scalpens. Peduncle elongate__.--____-__-_-___-__ 278. P. lanosibracteum. 281. Leaves with hard-based hairs above__...-_______ __ 241. P. talamancanum. Leaves not hirsute above_______-_________-_-- 282. 282. Leaves lepidote___________-___-________ 267. P. subhirsutum. Leaves scarcely lepidote_____________________ 280. P. fusco-bracteatum. 283. Leaves about 12 to 15 cm. long___---___--- 284. Leaves becoming 15 to 20 em, long____-__________________ 287. 284. Leaves not hirsute above______-_------ 286. Leaves with hard-based hairs above__________________ 240. P. pavasense, 285. Leaf-base appreciably obtuse_______________ | 250. P. oblanceolatum. Leaf-base appreciably acute______--______-____ 286. 286. Twigs hispid or crisp-pubescent__.____________ 271. P. rectamentum. Twigs villous-hirsute______.-_..___-_--_-_-_-_-_-_ 235. P. genuflexum. 287. Spikes often curved_____..--_---- 228. P. aduncifolium. ae eee 256. P. spicilongum. 1. Piper virilanum ©. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 158. 1897. Type Locality: Rio Virilla, San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9831, the type; distributed also as J. D. Smith 7145). RANGE: Upper Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Virilla, Tonduz 10127 (distributed also as J. D. Smith 7301). 2. Piper pertractatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, nodose, glabrous; flowering internodes slender and short: leaves lanceolate, protracted-acute, gibbously oblique, moderate (3.5 to 4X11 to 13 TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 131 cm.), palmately 3 or obscurely 5 or 7 nerved; petiole short (scarcely 10 mm.), not winged; spikes as yet some 2 X 50 mm.; peduncle slender, 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts concave. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,080,638, collected at Nuestro Amo, Alajuela, Costa Rica, February, 1919, by Oton Jiménez. RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3294. Tilarfn, Standley & Valerio 45694, 45710. Rio Febas, San Juan, ? Jiménez 817. 3. Piper magnifolium (C. DC.) Trel. Piper pseudo-lindenii magnifolium C. DC. Linnaea 37: 336. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Naranjo, Costa Rica (Oersted). Range: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tuis, Tonduz 12293. Tsaki, Tonduz 95380. Hacienda de Zent, Tonduz 9530, 14650. 4, Piper tenuipes C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 174. 1920. Piper medium Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LocALITy: San Ramé6n, Costa Rica (Brenes 14193, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San Ramon, Brenes 14196, 14502. Also, in varying forms: Naranjos Agrios, Standley dé Valerio 46418, 46488. Los Ayotes, Standley ¢& Valerio 45562. Quebrada Serena, Standicy & Valerio 46226. La Tejona, Stand- ley & Valerio 45756, 45854. Capulin, Rio Grande de Tarcoles, Standley, 40147. Bay of Salinas, Pittier 2924. Nicoya, Tonduz 13938. Matambt, Cook ¢ Doyle 703. 5. Piper san-marcosanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 158. 1897. TYPE LocALITy: San Marcos, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7557, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Ventolera, Volein de Pofis, Standley 34540. Viento Fresco, Alajuela, Standley & Torres 47928. 6. Piper compactum Trel., sp. nov. A dense shrub, 2 to 5 meters tall, nodose; flowering internodes slender, elon- gate, drying dark, glabrous; leaves lance- or ovate-elliptic, mucronately long- acuminate, acute at base or less commonly rounded, moderately small (4.5 to 5X10 to 12 cm.), palmately 5 or obscurely 7 nerved, typically minutely papillate at base of the nerves beneath; petiole rather short (10 to 15 mm.), slender, not winged or on the lower leaves winged to the middle, obscurely papillate ; spikes in fruit 4X60 to 80 mm.; peduncle slender, 15 mm. long, papillate; bracts angular-subpeltate, ciliate; stigmas 38, sessile; berries flask-shaped, somewhat granular. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,255, collected near Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, December, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41801). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Santa Marfa de Dota, Standley & Valerio 43184, broader-leaved. %. Piper tilaranum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub 2 to 4 meters tall; nodes sparsely crisp-villous; leaves round-ovate, mucronately long-acuminate, rounded below or subacute at the very base, rather large (5.5X12 to 11X16 cm.), palmately 5 nerved, the nerves sparsely crisp- villous at base on both sides; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, not winged, sparsely villous; spikes (young) 3X60 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, loosely villous; bracts concave, white-pubescent ; stigmas 3, sessile. 132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,464, collected near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 to 650 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 46596). Ranae: Pacific slope of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tilarin, Standley & Walerio 44182, 44247, 46085, 46589, 46995. 8. Piper adenophlebium Trel., sp. nov. A small shrub, scarcely 2 meters tall; flowering internodes transiently puberu- lent ; leaves ovate or elliptic, acuminate, rather rounded at base or subcordately contracted, 4.5 to 6X10 cm., palmately 5 or obscurely 7 nerved, the purple nerves glandular-granular below, glabrous; petiole short (10 mm.), not winged, often puberulent and glandular; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,681, collected at El Muifieco, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 51104). RancE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 9. Piper xanthoneurum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub 3 meters tall; leaves elliptic, subrhombically inequilateral above the middle, acuminate, acute at base, 6 to 8X13 to 15 cm., palmately 5 or obscurely 7 nerved, minutely pale-punctulate beneath with the pale veins more or less moniliformly granular; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long, not winged; spikes (very young) 1X10 mm.; bracts concave, ciliate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,384, collected on the Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,850 meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 35505). RANGE: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Turrialba, ? Tonduz 4111; Cook & Doyle 369. 10. Piper venulosum Trel., sp, nov. A glabrous shrub 2 to 4 meters tall; leaves broadly lanceolate, attenuate rather than acuminate, subequilaterally acute at base, 4 to 6X11 to 18 cm. palmately 5 or 7 nerved, venulose; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long, not winged; spikes 3X60 to 90 mm. or more; peduncle filiform, 15 to 20 mm. long; bracts: concave, glabrate; berries small, oblong, glabrous; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 716,432, collected near San Ram6n, Costa Rica, by A. M. Brenes (no, 14192). RANGE: Pacific slope of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 45702. Pefia Blanca, ? Pittier 11949. Buenos Aires, ? Tonduz 4901. 11. Piper reeuperatum Trel., sp. nov. Piper medium Auct., as to Costa Rica. A puberulent shrub; leaves broadly ovate, mucronately acuminate, rounde¢: at base or subtruncate with a deltoid contraction into the petiole, palmately 7 nerved; petiole 8 to 15 mm. long, not winged; spikes 4X60 to 70 mm.; peduncle slender, 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts concave, ciliolate; berries small, ovoid, glabrous; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 796,471, collected in forests of Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, March, 1896, by A. Tonduz (no. 9927; distributed also as J. D. Smith no. 7134). Rance: Lowlands of southwestern Costa Rica. 12, Piper nicoyanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 174. 1920. TYPH LOCALITY: Nicoya, Costa Rica (Tonduz 13689, the type). Rance: Lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 133 Costa Rica: Nicoya, Tonduz 13695, 13696. Las Huacas, Nicoya Peninsula, Cook & Doyle 735. El Arenal, Valerio 131. Capulin, Rio Grande de Tfrcoles, Standley 40190. 13. Piper dissimulans ‘Trel., sp. nov. Piper papantlense Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper plantagineum Auct., as to Costa Rica. A glabrous shrub; leaves acuminate, subelliptic and rounded or subacute at base, or the lower leaves* broadly ovate and cordate, 5X10 to 8 or 12X16 cm., palmately 7 or 9 nerved; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long and unwinged, or on the lower leaves 20 to 35 mm. long and winged to or beyond the middle; spikes 2 (or in fruit 5) X80 to 150 mm.; peduncle very slender, 15 to 20 mm. long; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliate; berries small, subglobose-oblong, glabrous; stigmas 2 to 4, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 798,447, collected in forests of Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica, altitude 635 meters, November, 1898, by A. Tonduz (no. 12773). Rance: Caribbean slope of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Pejivalle, Cartago, Standley € Valerio 46718. Las Pavas, Reventazon, Pittier 3186. Juan Vifias, Cook € Doyle 311. Gloria de Juan Viflas, Pittier 3659. Rio Tuis, Tonduz 8168. Turrialba, Tonduz 2110, 4110, 8290. 14. Piper smilacifolium H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 56. 1815. Enckea smilacifolia Kunth, Linnaea 13: 605. 1889. Piper discophorum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 201. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Caripe, Venezuela. Rance: Northern South America to Guatemala, at low altitudes. Costa Rica: Surubres, San Mateo (Biolley 4047, type of P. discophorum). Capulin, Rio Grande de Tarcoles, Standley 40118, 40143. Matambt, Nicoya Peninsula, Cook & Doyle 695. Nicoya, Tonduz 13965. Punta Mala, Tonduz 6789. Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 44189. Hacienda de Guicimo, Tonduz 14660. La Palma, Tonduz 6733. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Biolley 6915. Shirores, Tonduz 9275. Zhorquin, Tonduz 8556, 8594. Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48553. Limén, Stevens 850. Rio Corozal, Tonduz 7142, 9981. Sipurio, J’enduz 8705. 15. Piper san-joseanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 351. 1872. Piper marginatum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPH LOCALITY: Mount Aguacate, near San José, Costa Rica (Oersted 893, the type). Rance: Central Costa Rica on the Pacific slope, and Panama. Costa Rica: Mount Aguacate, Oersted 869, 892, 894. San Juan, Rio Virilla, Tonduz 12728. Llanos de Turrticares, Pittier 501. Boruca, Tonduz 4481, 4661. Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 1598, 3320, “3820.” Carmona, Rio Nandayuri, Jiménez 393. Escast, Standley 32346. El Bolsén, Guanacaste, Pittier 2610. Libano, Standley & Valerio 44924. Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 44249, 45706. Los Conventillos, Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2875. 15a. Piper san-joseanum minor Trel., var. nov. Smaller, with leaves 6.5610 cm. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,927, collected at Nicoya, Costa Rica, by A. Tonduz (no. 13695). RaNGE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. 16. Piper tuberculatum minus C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 266. 1869. Typ LOCALITY: Santa Marta, Colombia (Balbis). Rance: Colombia to Guatemala. 134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Costa Rica: Without locality, Hoffmann 749. Aguacaliente, Oersted 897. Alajuela, Smith 6747. Cartago, Oersted 898. San José, Tonduz 7306. Suru- bres, San Mateo, Biolley 7051. Sabana de las Chiquizis, Pittier 2958 Capulin, Rio Grande de Tircoles, Standley 40169. Boca Culebra, Pittier 12081. Salinas Bay, Pittier 2925. Nicoya, Tonduz 13693. Bebedero, Guanacaste, Standley d Valerio 46680. Tilarin, Standley & Valerio 46568. Colonia Carmona, Jimé: nez 363. 17. Piper corozalanum Trel., sp. nov. . Piper geniculatum Auct., as to Costa Rica. A glabrous or obscurely hirtellous shrub; leaves broadly subovate-elliptic abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base and shorter on one side, 9 to 11X17 to 21 em., pinnately nerved throughout, the nerves about 12X2; petiole scarcely 2+8 mm., winged to the end; spikes 2 to 3X120 to 140 mm.; peduncle 15 mm, long ; bracts sublunulate ; berries depressed, quadrately elongate with the rachis | stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,338, collected along the Ric Corozal, near Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulee, Costa Rica, April, 1896, by A. Tonduz (no. 10001; distributed also as J. D. Smith no. 7130). RANGE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Tonduz 9895; distributed also as J.D. Smith 7146. Boca Zacate, Punta Mala, Tonduz 6824. Los Ayotes, Tilarén, Standley & Valerio 45571. La Tejona, Tilarain, Standicy & Valerio 45934. 18. Piper obumbratifolium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, slightly puberulent on the axes and on the nerves beneath: leaves subovate-oblong or elliptic, gradually pointed rather than acuminate, unequally rounded at base or subcordulate on the shorter side, 10 to 15X27 to 30 cm., pinnately nerved nearly to the end, the nerves about 12X2; petiole 5+15 mm., winged to the end; spikes (very young) 2X13 mm., mucronate; bracts round: ish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,309 (also ag no. 1,807,308), collected near Tilarin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 to 650 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44387). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 19. Piper pseudobumbratum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 171. 1897. TYPH LOCALITY: El Muelle, Rio Sarapiqui, Costa Rica (Biolley 7438, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 20. Piper longepetiolatum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper geniculatum longepetiolatum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30 *: 201. 1891. TyYpr LOCALITY: El General, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3384, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Los Palmares, Tonduz 3391. 21. Piper sublineatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2: 565. 1891. Piper bdiolleyi C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 210. 1891. TYpPH LOCALITY: Angostura, Costa Rica (Kuntze). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica, Costa Rica: La Colombiana Farm, Standley ? 36679. Carrillo Road (Tondu: 2529, type of P. biolleyi). Chilamate, Biolley 7442. Santa Clara, Las Delicias, Biolley 10673. Tsaki, Tonduz 9528. Tuis, Tonduz 8161, 11526. Shirores, Tonduz 9278. Turrialba, Smith 4938; Tonduz 8385. Juan Vifas, Cook & Doyle 257, 289. El Mufieco, Standley 33671, 33677; Standley & Valerio 51045. Peji- valle, Standley d& Valerio 46733. Peralta, Stevens 413, 535b.—Also, possibly TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 135 separable, from the Pacific slope: El General, Tonduz 3396. Cabeceras del Diquis, Pittier 10598. El Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45054, 45159, 45233. Los Ayotes, Standley & Valerio 45476. Tilarfin, Standley € Valerio 44334. 22. Piper brenesii C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 180. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: San Ramén, Costa Rica (Brenes 14190, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 23. Piper seductum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lanceolate, faleately acuminate, rounded at base, 4.5 to 6X13 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the longer im- pressed nerves about 4X2, with shorter nerves upward, chartaceous; petiole scarcely 10 mm. long, winged on the lower leaves; spikes 3X60 to 70 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long; berries triquetrous; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 796,210, collected at Madre de Dios, Costa Rica, altitude 50 meters, October, 1896, by H. Pittier (no. 10308). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, 24, Piper asymmetricum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 172. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7661, the type). RANGE: Caribbean border of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. 25. Piper borucanum C. DC. Bull. Soe Bot. Belg. 307: 219. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Boruca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3609, the type). Rance: Diquis Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boruca, Pittier 4485. San Ram6n, Tonduz 17778. Buenos Aires, Pittier 4899. Golfo Dulce, ? Pittier 9915. 26, Piper prismaticum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 342. 1872. Piper turrialvanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 342. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Oersied 886, the type). RANGE: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Turrialba (Oersted 901, type of P. turrialvanum). Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 46764. La Hondura, Standley 36145, 37880; Standley & Valerio 51835. 26a. Piper prismaticum magnifolium (C. DC.) Trel. Piper turrialvanum magnifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 160. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7642, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of northeastern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7653. Guidpiles, Standley 37154. Alto del Pito, Tonduz 7707. Trejos, Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12857 (at Lenin- grad—the very long spike 10 mm. thick). 26b. Piper prismaticum tilaranum Trel., var. nov. Leaves more elongate than in the type, and sublanceolate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,400, collected at La Tejona, north cf Tilaréin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45767). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Tejona, Staadlcy & Valerio 45763, 45832, 45889. 26c. Piper prismaticum villosulum Trel., var. nov. Sparsely and transiently soft-hairy, even on the upper leaf-surface. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,545, collected at Finca Monte- cristo, below Cairo, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 25 meters, Febru- mry, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48570). 136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM RancGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Finca Montecristo, Standley é Valerio 48413, 48548. El Mufieco, Standley & Torres 50971, 51234. 27. Piper arieianum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 166. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Valley of La Hstrella, Rio Ariei, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9387, the type). RanGeE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 28. Piper cyanophyllum Trel., sp. nov. A small shrub, glabrous, or with subpuberulent twigs; leaves elliptic-ovate, bluntly subacuminate, rounded or the upper acutish at base, 2X8 to 5X10 cm., pinnately nerved nearly throughout, the nerves 8 or 102, slightly granu- lar; petiole 5 mm. long, or on the lowest leaves 25 mm. long and winged to or beyond the middle; spikes (very young) as yet scarcely 1X4 mm., on an equilong filiform peduncle. Type in the Candollean Herbarium, Geneva, collected along the Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica, by A. Tonduz (no. 7576). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 29. Piper guanacastense C. DC. Linnaea 37: 356. 1872. Piper trinerve Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LocALITy: Guanacaste, Costa Rica (Oersted 862, the type). RanGeE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Oersted 863. Colonia Carmona, Guanacaste, Jiménez 362. Térraba, Tonduz 3599. Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Tondusz 10021 (J. D. Smith 7128). Boruca, Pittier 4663, 4781; Tonduz 3597, 3606. Punta Mala, Tonduz 6788. Surubres, San Mateo, Biolley 7053. Buenos Aires, Pittier 4890. Palmar, Pittier 6748. Log Ayotes, Tilarin, Standley &€ Valerio 45478. Nicoya, Tonduz 13690. Matambt, Cook ¢ Doyle 704. 30. Piper acuminatissimum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 189. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: San Carlos, Costa Rica (Pittier 16321, the type). RaNGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San Carlos, Koschny in 1901. 31. Piper urostachyum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. 3: 57; 5: pl. 72. 1882. Piper lanuginosum C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr, Costa Rica 9: 159. 1897. Type LocaLiry: Chontales, Nicaragua (Tate 319, the type). RancGE: Caribbean region of Nicaragua and contiguous Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boca Machado, San Juan Valley, Pittier 9686. Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7519 (type of P. lanuginosum). Limén, Cook & Doyle 432. La Colombiana Farm, Stevens 595; Standley 36960. Finca Montecristo, Standleq é& Valerio 48586. Guéapiles, Standley 37209, 37284. Shirores, Pittier € Tonduz 9261. Rio Tuis, Tonduz 8170. 82. Piper arcte-acuminatum Trel., sp. nov. A small assurgent shrub, sparingly long-villous nearly throughout; leaves round-ovate, abruptly long-slender-acuminate, slightly inequilaterally shallow- cordate, 10 to 13X21 cm., submultiple-nerved from below about the middle, the nerves 7 or 8X2; petiole very short (5 mm.), sheathing below; spikes 3X T) mm. or more, scarcely caudate; peduncle filiform, 30 mm. long; bracts roundish- subpeltate, the pale margin ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,715, collected near Guapiles, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 300 to 500 meters, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37115). RANGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Guapiles, Standley 37093, 37230. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 137 33. Piper irazuanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 340. 1872. Piper pachystachyon Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Volcin de Irazi, Costa Rica (Oersted 866, the type). Rance: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Voleéin de Irazi, Brade 2003; Tonduz 4245. Volcin de Barba, Tonduz 1330. Rancho Flores, Tonduz 2089. Rio Pois, Tonduz 1708. Mount Candelaria, Hoffmann 856. 33a. Piper irazuanum suborbiculatum Trel., var. nov. Conspicuously differing in its obtuse-based or even cordulate leaves ranging from round-ovate or elliptic and 12X17 cm., to elliptic-oblong and 6X18 cm., exceptionally soft-pubescent even above, the thick spikes 50 to 100 mm. long. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,274, collected near Finca La Cima, above Los Lotes, north of El Copey, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 2,100 to 2,400 meters, December, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 42681). Rance: Central mountains of Costa Rica. CosTa Rica: El Copey, Tonduz 11904. Laguna de la Escuadra, El Copey, Standley 41951. San José, Pittier 4245. Las Nubes, Standley 38527, 38574, 38764. La Esperanza, Volcfin de Irazé, Standley 35384. 34. Piper candelarianum C, DC. Linnaea 37: 357. 1872. Piper globosum C. DC. Linnaca 37: 357. 1872, not Poir. Piper psilocladum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 211. 1891. Piper phthinotrichon Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper lanceolatum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Mount Candelaria, near San José, Costa Rica (Oersted 828, the type). Rance: Through Costa Rica in differing but scarcely definable forms. Costa Rica: Mount Candelaria, Oersted 861 (type of P. globosum C. DC ). Cabagra, Pittier 6532. Carrillo Road, Biolley 3180 (type of P. psilocladum). Kl Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Standley 33569, 33953; Standley € Valerio 50902, 751112, 51263. Navarrito, Lankester 740. Orosi, Standley 39853. Rio Reven- tado, Cooper 379 (J. D. Smith 5916). San Blas de Tarrazé, Jiménez 1093. Santa Maria de Dota, Tonduz 2273; Standley 41744, 41865, 42837; Standley & Valerio 43333, 44075. Tuis, Tonduz 8174, 11521. Las Vueltas, Tonduz 12736. El Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45157, 45207. Naranjos Agrios, Standley & Valerio 46464, 46529. La Tejona, Standley ¢ Valerio 45838. Tilarain, Standley é Valerio 46646. Boruca, Tonduz 4108. Golfito, Pittier 9911. 34a. Piper candelarianum angustatum Trel. Piper sepium glabrum C. DC. Bot, Gaz. 70: 179. 1920; not P. glabrwm Mill. TYPE LocaLity: Upper Diquis Valley, Costa Rica (Pittier 10570, the type). RANGE: Upper Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Palma, Tonduz 6755. 34b, Piper candelarianum latifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 167. 1897. TYPE LocALiTy: Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Costa Rica (Biolley 7439, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Zhorquin, Torduz 8525. Hamburg Finca, Standley & Valerio 48668. 34c. Piper candelarianum sepium (C. DC.) Trel. Piper sepium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 168. 1897. TYpe Locality: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8345, the type). Ranae: Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Coyolar, Alajuela, Standley 39980, 40015. 138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 35. Piper artanthopse C, DC. Journ. Bot, Brit. & For. 4: 161. 1866. Piper oerstediit C. DC. Linnaea 37: 359. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Mount Aguacate, Costa Rica (Hoffmann 687, the type). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Mount Aguacate, Hoffmann 776. Without locality, Oersted 884 (type of P. oerstedii). About San Ramon, Brenes 14188, 14512, 17767. 36. Piper curtispicum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 170. 1897. TYPH LOCALITY: Rfo Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7522, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Tonduz 7539 in part. 37. Piper ripicola C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 171. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rfo Coto, Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica (Pittier 9988, the type; distributed also as J. D. Smith 7148). Rance: Pacific lowlands of southern Costa Rica. 38. Piper pubinerve C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 172. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: El General, Costa Rica (Pittier 10607, the type). Rance: Upper Diquis Valley, Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 39. Piper cuspidispicum Trel., sp. nov. Piper singulare Auct., as to Costa Rica. A shrub, glabrous except for the nerves, these puberulent beneath; leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, 9 to 10X14 to 15 em., or 13X16 cm., multiple-nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2; petiole 20 to 30 mm. long (or 50 mm. in the rounder leaves), winged; spikes 10X20 mm., filiformly caudate; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts lunulate, glabrate; stigmas 2, thick, on an elongate style. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,390, collected on Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,850 meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 35642). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Carpintera, Standley 385671, 35701; Pittier 125. Yerba Buena, Heredia, Standley & Valerio 49950, with larger leaves. 40. Piper viridispicum Trel., sp. nov. A small shrub, sparsely crisp-villous throughout; leaves obliquely subelliptic- ovate or obovate, short-acuminate, inequilateral at base with one side sub- acute, 12X21 em. or the lower much reduced, pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2; petiole 5+5 to 10+3 mm. long, winged; spikes 6X20 mm., green; berries subglobose; stigmas 3, thick, on a stout style. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,534, collected at Fince: Montecristo, below Cairo, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 25 meters, February, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48536). RANGE: Lower Reventazén Valley, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley & Valerio 48599. 41. Piper dryadum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 301: 221. 1891. TYPE LocALity: Siquirres, Costa Rica (Pittier 3198, the type). RANGE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. 42. Piper rufescens C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 218. 1891. Piper nemorense C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 222. 1891. Piper marequitense Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Juan Vifias, Costa Rica (Tonduz 1850, the type). RANGE: Central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Juan Vifias, Tonduz 1849 (type of P. nemorense) ; Cook & Doyle ? 353. El Mufieco, Cartago, Standley 33478, 33584; Standley & Valerio 50942, TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 139 51109 with some leaves subcordate. La Hondura, Standley 36124, 38162 with subvillous pubescence. La Palma, Tonduz 12664. Without locality, Kuntze 2254. Las Concavas, Lankester K34. 43. Piper pachystylum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous, somewhat granular-punctulate shrub; leaves elliptic, subacumi- nate, slightly inequilaterally acute at base, 9X18 cm., submultiple-nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4X2; petiole 15 to 30 mm. long, somewhat winged; spikes 2 to 3X30 to 40 mm.; peduncle filiform, 10 mm. long; ovary obovoid with a short thick style. Type in the Botanical Garden Herbarium, Brussels, collected at Palmar, Rio Grande de Térraba, Costa Rica, by H. Pittier and A. Tonduz (no. 6717). RanGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cabagra, near Buenos Aires, Pittier 6534. 44, Piper viridifolium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, hirtellous on the nerves beneath and occasionally below the petioles ; leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, the narrowed base rounded or subcordulate, 8X16 to 12X22 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6X2, dark green above, paler beneath; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, winged; spikes 6x40 mm.; peduncle slender, 20 mm. long; bracts coucave-inflexed; berries de- pressed, somewhat elongate with the rachis; stigmas 2 or 3, short, on an elon- gate style. Type in the U. 8, National Herbarium, no. 1,307,622, collected at El Mufieco, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 51034). Rance: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Muifieco, Standley & Valerio 51056. Cartago, Standley ¢ Valerio 47109. 45. Piper annulatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate, acute at base, 12X22 em., sub- pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5X2 with the lowermost basal, sparsely white-villous on the nerves beneath; petiole 20 mm. long, tran- siently subvillous, winged; spikes 4X95 mm., subannularly flowered; peduncle thick, 10 mm. long, transiently subtomentose-villous; bracts triangular-sub- peltate, pale-margined, fimbriate; berries ellipsoid, slightly elongate with the rachis; stigmas 3, recurving, on a short style. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 1,229,383, collected on Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800° meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 35500). RancGE: High divide of central Costa Rica. 46. Piper pseudopropinquum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 341. 1872. TYPE LocaLITY: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Oersted 820, the type). RANGE: Divide of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Piéramo de Abejonal, Tonduz 7789. Los Frailes, Tonduz 7875. Alajuelita, Tonduz 1472. Santa Marfa de Dota, Standley 41745, 41802, 42537; Standley & Valerio 48279, 43280, 48332. 47. Piper labeculatum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous black-punctulate herb; leaves elliptic or the lower ovate, short- acuminate, subequally rounded at base or very abruptly subacute, 8 to 11X16 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle or somewhat higher, the nerves about 5X2; petiole 10 to 25 or even 45 mm. long, winged to beyond the middle; spikes (still very young) 2X15 or 3X60 mm., mucronate, on a short peduncle. 140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,343, collected at Hl Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 485 to 600 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45053). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Silencio, Guanacaste, Standley & Valerio 44656. Tilarar., ? Standley & Valerio 44361. El Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45211. 48. Piper submultiplinerve C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 184. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Valley of Los Arcfingelos, Volcin de Irazf, Costa Rica (Pittier 13626, the type; “ 13062”). RANGE: Voleanic mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San Pablo de Tarrazt, Jiménez 1091. 49. Piper nudifolium C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30*: 205. 1891. Type LOCALITY: Rfo Grande de Térraba, Costa Rica (Pittier 3613, the type). Rance: Diquis Valley, Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Palmares, Rio Grande de Térraba, Pittier 3663, 6717, ?71266+. Rio Hactim, Buenos Aires, Pittier 4891. Rio Hur, Pittier 11971. 50, Piper chirripoense C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 186. 1920. Type LocaLity: Chirrip6, Costa Rica, at 100 meters (Pittier 16061, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 51. Piper calearatum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 188. 1920. Piper calcaratum C. DC.; Urban, Symb, Ant. 7: 182. 1912, name only. Type LOCALITY : Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica (Tonduz 13185, the type). RANGE: Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. 52. Piper jubatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, crisp-hairy on the petioles and the stem below; leaves elliptic, short-acuminate, the narrowed base slightly inequilaterally cordulate, 6 to 9.5°< 15 to 17 em., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 6 or TX2 and appressed-pubescent beneath; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long, winged; spikes 3X60 mm., sterile upward, drying green; peduncle 10 mm. long, obscurely vel- vety; bracts concave-incurved; berries rather large, subglobose; stigmas 3, short, on a rather short style. ° Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,419, collected at La Colom- biana Farm, Province of Lim6én, Costa Rica, altitude 70 meters, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 36812). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 36779, 36858. Guiapiles, Standley 2370322, 37124, 37216, 37822. 53. Piper altevaginans Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, crisp-puberulent on the nerves beneath and the petioles, and the stem below them striately crisp-pubescent; leaves elliptic, gradually acute, cr short-acuminate, small for the group (3.5 to 5.5X8 to 12 cm.), pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 5 or 6X2, granular beneath between the nerves; petiole 3 to 10 or 15 mm. long, winged to the end; spikes searcely 3X30 mm., blunt-mucronate; peduncle 10 mm. long, crisp-pubescent ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,438, collected near Guapiles, Province of Limon, Costa Rica, altitude 300 to 500 meters, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37316). Rance: Caribbean piedmont of central Costa Rica. 54. Piper pexum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, subvillous-hirsute on the axes and on the nerves beneath; leaves lance-elliptic or ovate, subfalcately acuminate, obliquely cordulate, 5.5 to 7X14 TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 141 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves some 5+4; petiole 5+2 to 15 mm. long, winged to the middle; spikes 5X95 mm., sub- mucronate; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; berries subglobose; stigmas 3, short, on a very short style. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,264, collected along Rio Blanco, near El Copey, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 to 1,900 meters, December 16, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41887). RanaeE: Central divide of Costa Rica. 55. Piper operosum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for a hirsute line on the back of the petioles and the stem below, and the appressed-pubescent nerves beneath; leaves elliptic, subacuminate, the somewhat oblique, narrowed base slightly cordulate, 5.5 to 7.5X14 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves about 6X2; petiole some 13+2 mm., winged; spikes 3X40 mm., with slender sterile tip; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long; bracts lunulately inflexed; stigmas 2, on a conical style. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,491, collected near Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, February, 1926, by Paul C, Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 47135). RANGE: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley & Valerio 46758. v8. Piper subsericeum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, sparsely short-silky on the axes and the nerves of the leaves ; leaves lance-ovate, long-acuminate, slightly oblique-rounded at base, pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves some 6+5; petiole 10 mm. long. winged; spikes as yet very young and minute, submucronate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,551, collected at Finca Montecristo, below Cairo, Province of Lim6én, Costa Rica, altitude 25 meters. February, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48636). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 57. Piper zhorquinense C. DC. Anal, Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 159. 1897. Piper submarginense C. DC. in Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 6: 39. 1908 name only. TYPE LocALity: Rio Zhorquin, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8523, the type). Rance: Lower Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Tonduz 6635, “8543,” 8548, 8585. Tsaki, Pittier 9531. Shirores, Tonduz 9262, 9263, 9273. Rio Ariei, Tonduz 9381, 9382. Las Vueltas, Tonduz 13185bis (distributed also as J. D. Smith 7563; type of P. submarginense). Trejos, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12868. Carrillo Road, ? Tonduz 2523. 58. Piper detonsum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, somewhat crisp-hirtellous on the axes and petioles, and on the nerves beneath; leaves elliptic-sublanceolate, acuminate, nearly equilaterally subacute at base, 5.5 to 7X17 cm., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the pale nerves about 6X2; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long, winged; spikes 3X80 to 50 mm., pointed; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts concave-inflexed ; berries subglobose or depressed-ellipsoid; stigmas 2, on a deciduous style. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,305, collected near Tilarfn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 to 650 meters. January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44314). RaAnGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 66747—29——_3 142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Costa Rica: Tilarain and vicinity, Standley € Valerio 44451, 44601, 44650a, 44656 in part, 44765, 44895, 45156, 45180, 45354, 45375, 45424, 45515, 45540 45765, 45877, 45896, 45898, 46186, 46189, 46483, 46484, 46538. 59. Piper impube Trel., sp. nov. A small glabrous shrub; leaves oblong, subacute at both ends, 3 to 4X10 to 14 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2; petiole 1 em. long, winged; spikes (young) 3X8 mm., caudate, on a slender equilong: peduncle; bracts concave-inflexed. Type in the U. S, National Herbarium, no. 1,307,457, collected at Naranjos Agrios, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, Janu- ary 29, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 46494). Range: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Quebrada Serena, Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 46158, 46224, 46235. 60. Piper figlinum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, crisp-villous on and below the petioles, and toward the base of the leaves beneath; leaves long-lanceolate, gradually pointed, somewhat inequilater- ally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 5X12 to 17 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, winged; spikes (very young) 2X20 mm., with filiform apex, drying red. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,807,280, collected near Santa Marfa de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, December, 1925, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 43112). Rance: High divide of central Costa Rica. 61. Piper tarrazuense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the transiently crisp-pubescent petioles and twigs below and the puberulent nerves beneath; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, slightly inequaliateral at base with at least the longer side rounded, 4.5 to 5X15 em., glandular-granular beneath, pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4X2; spikes slender and elongate; peduncle 15 mm. long; bracts coneave-inflexed; berries depressed-ellipsoid; stigmas 3, on a tapering style. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,080,654, collected at San Pablo de Tarrazi, Costa Rica, by Ot6n Jiménez (no, 1095). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. 62. Piper subzhorquinense C. DC., sp. nov. Piper subzhorquinense C. DC. in herb. A shrub, sparsely subtomentulose on and below the petioles; leaves nar- rowly lanceolate, gradually subattenuate, the narrowed base obtuse, 4.5 to 6% 17 to 20 cm., pinnately nerved from below about the upper fourth, the nerves about 6X2, sparsely crisp-pubescent on the nerves beneath; petiole 5 to 10 mm. long, winged to above the middle; spikes 3X25 to 40 mm., with a glabrate fili- form sterile tip 3 to 10 mm. long; peduncle filiform, 10 mm. long; ovary glab- rate; stigmas 3, on an evident style. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,384, collected at Cafias Gordas, Yosta Rica, altitude 1,100 meters, February, 1897, by H. Pittier (no. 11029). RANGE: Southeastern Costa Rica. — Costa Rica: With the type, ? Pittier 11024, 11030. 63. Piper ripense C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 169. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Viejo, Costa Rica (Biolley 7444, the type). RanGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. 64. Piper sinugaudens C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 188. 1920. Type LOCALITY: Buena Vista, Costa Rica (Cook & Doyle 150, the type). RANGE: Santa Clara piedmont, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 143 65. Piper calvirameum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30: 200. 1891. TYPE LocaLity: Carrillo Road, Costa Rica (Biolley 3182, the type). RANGE: Caribbean p’edmont of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Aragon, Pittier 13235. Guiapiles, Standley 37191, 37068, 37079. Finca Montecristo, Standley € Valcrio 48563. Trejos, Las Vueltas, ? Tonduz 12868. Santa Clara, Las Delicias, Biolley 10672, 10674, 10677. Tuis, Tonduz 11520. Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7552. 66. Piper brevistylum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 158. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Costa Rica (Biolley 7436, the type). RANGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. G7. Piper orosianum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the obscurely and evanescently crisp-puberulent nodes, petioles, and nerves beneath; leaves lance-elliptic, gradually acuminate, nearly equilaterally acute at base, 5.5 to 6X16 to 18 em., pinnately nerved from below about the middle, the nerves about 5X2, glossy green, drying rather papery; petiole scarcely 10+2 mm. long, winged to the middle; in- florescence unknown. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,723, collected at Orosi, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 39764). RANGE: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. 68. Piper arcessitum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the velvety nerves beneath; leaves narrowly elliptic, attenuate or acuminate with an abrupt filiform tip 2 to 5 mm. long, the narrowed base cordulate, 5 to 65X16 to 22 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 6X2; petiole 15 to 20 mm. long, winged ; spikes 4X25 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts concave-inflexed ; stigmas 2 or 3 on a rather slender style. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,650, collected at El Mufieco, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 51357 ). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Carribean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley d& Valerio 50949. Juan Vifias, Tonduz 1870, 69. Piper coilostachyum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 212. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Valley of El General, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3382, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Tonduz 3386, 3389, 3390. Without locality, Pittier 7539 in part. Madre de Dios, Pittier 6308. 70, Piper tonduzii C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 170. 1897. Piper nanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 180. 1920. TYPH LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Pittier 9280, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Vueltas, Tonduz 13186. Guapiles, Standley 87156, 37348. Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 47077. Guicimo, Tonduz 14659, the type of P. nanum. La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36884. Finca Montecristo, Standley é Valerio 48436. Estrella, Lankester K85. 70a. Piper tonduzii semiherbaceum Trel., var. nov. A low, spreading, dingy-villous half-shrub; leaves lanceolate, somewhat falcately subacuminate, obliquely cordulate, 412 cm., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 4 or 5X2, rugose, impressed-punctulate and 144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM glabrate above; petiole scarcely 8+2 mm. long, winged below; spikes 4x40 mm.; peduncle 5 to 7 mm. long; bracts lunulate-inflexed, ciliate; berries large, depressed, elongate with the rachis; stigmas 2, on a deciduous style. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,448, collected at Quebrada Serena, near Tilarfn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters, January 27, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46261). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rroa: About Tilarain, Standley & Valerio 44751, 46160, 46261. 71. Piper pallidifolium C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 176. 1920. Type LOCALITY: Banks of the Rio Ariei, Costa Rica (Pittier 9392, the type). Range: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 72. Piper aereum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong, gradually acute, obliquely roundel or subtruncate at base, 3 to 6X10 to 15 cm., submultiple-nerved from below the middle, with 3 or 4 nerves on each side, bronzing beneath; petiole 15 to 30 mm. long, winged; spikes 4X120 mm.; peduncle 15 mm. long; bracts lunulate- incurved, glabrous; ovary slightly pointed. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,481, collected near Orosi, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, March 30, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 39842). Ranae: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Standley 33650; Standley ¢ ¢é Valerio 50891, 50970, 51205, 51210; Standley & Torres 51379. 73. Piper deflexispicum Trel., sp. nov. A subvelvety shrub; leaves ovate, subacuminate, obliquely truncate-sub- cordulate or equilaterally rounded at base, 7 to 9X14 to 18 cm., submultiple- nerved with 2 upcurved nerves on each side from the lower half and 2 or 3 from the base, the nerves subvillous beneath toward the base; petiole 20 to 45 mm. long, winged; spikes pendent, 5X120 to 140 mm.; peduncle filiform, 20 to 25 mm. long; bracts quadrately subpeltate, fimbriulate; berries obovoid, pointed; stigmas 3, filiform, subsessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,512, collected at Viento Fresco, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 to 1,900 meters, February 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 47764). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley ¢& Torres 47779. About Fraijanes, Standley & Torres 47568, 47576, 47593. El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Cartago, ? Standley & Torres 51349. Cerros de Zurqui, Heredia, Standley & Valerio 50354, Yerba Buena, Standley & Valerio 49899, with bronzing leaves. Cerro de las Caricias, Standley & Valerio 51963, 52049. Orosi, Standley 39723. 74, Piper escasuense Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, acuminate, equilaterally shallowly and openly cordate, 6 to 10X15 to 18 em., submultiple-nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, drying thin; petiole 25 to 45 mm. long, the longest winged to or beyond the middle; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,677, collected on Cerro de Piedra Blanca, above Escast, Province of San José, Costa Rica, January 31, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no, 32627). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 75. Piper tacamahaca Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lanceolate, subacuminate, and acute-based above, the lower ovate and cordate, 3.5X10, 5X18, or 8X15 cm., submultiple-nerved, TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 145 with 4 to 6X2 nerves from below the middle or upper third, drying firm and blue-green, or bronzing beneath; petiole 10 to 20 mm, long, not winged; spikes 2X60 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, glabrous. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,355, collected at La Ventolera, southern slope of Volciin de Pofis, Costa Rica, altitude 1,700 meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 34578a). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 34533, 34666, 34736. Cerro de la Carpintera, Cartago, Standley 35772. Volcin de Pods, ? Pittier 2958. 76. Piper subvariabile Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, essentially glabrous ; leaves lance- or elliptic-ovate, gradually pointed, subequilaterally shallowly cordate, 9 to 12X18 to 24 cm., submultiple-nerved from below the upper third, the nerves 4 or 5X2; petiole 20 to 25 mm. long, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm.; bracts inconspicuous, concave; berries minute, obpyramidally triquetrous; stigmas minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,334, collected near Tilarfn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 to 650 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 44970). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilarin, Standley & Valerio 44294, 45401, 45682, 45798, 46492, 46610, 46644, 77. Piper caeruleifolium Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves ovate, acuminate, very slightly obliquely rounded at base, 3.5 to 6X9 to 18 cm., submultiple-nerved from below the upper third, the merves 4 or 5X2, drying rather firm and bluish; petiole 10 mm. long, not winged ; spikes 3.565 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts inconspicuous, round- ish-subpeltate, ciliate; berries oblong-triquetrous; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,425, collected at Quebrada Serena, near Tilarfn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46134). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley d& Valerio ?46111, 46234. Capulin, ? Standley 40152. 78. Piper corrugatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 565. 1891. Piper tsakianum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 174. 1897. TYPE LocALITy: Limén, Costa Rica (Kuntze 2022, the type). Ran@e: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tsaki, Tonduz 9532, the type of P. tsakianwm. Tsuritkub, Tonduz 8612, 8721. 79. Piper gibbosum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 8307: 212. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Rancho Flores, Pacific slope of Volcfiin de Barba, Costa Rica (Tonduz 2088, the type). RanGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. 80. Piper paulownifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 1783. 1897, Piper tiliaefolium paulownifolium C. DC. Candollea 1: 154. 1928. TYPE LOCALITY: La Palma, Costa Rica (Pittier 6739, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica; and, perhaps in a differentiable form, Panama. Costa Rica: Rfo de las Vueltas, Tonduz 12778, 12940. Rio Tuis, Pittier 8122, 8165, 11268; Tonduz 11525 (J. D. Smith 7334). Rfo Ariei, Pittier 9393. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Biolley 6916, 7441. Finca Montecristo, Stand-. ley ¢ Valerio 48541, 48551, 48557. Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7627 146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 81. Piper omega Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous or the nerves puberulent beneath near the end; leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate, the larger with omega-shaped sinus, the margin con- nate across the petiole, 11X20 to 19X35 cm., multiple-nerved with 2 strong ascending nerves on each side from the lower half and 5 or 6 from the base, the nerves salient and pale beneath; petiole 40 to 90 mm. long, on the larger leaves winged below the middle; spikes (young) 3X80 mm.; peduncle 20 mm. long. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,449, collected at La Hondura, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37800). RANGE: Central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 36536. El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Stand- ley € Vaicrio 50940. Peralta, Stevens 323, 370. 82. Piper carrilloanum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 209. 1891. TYPE LocaLity : Carrillo Road, Costa Rica (Tonduz 2525, the type). RANGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Riea. Costa Rica: Carrillo Road, Tonduz 2526. 83. Piper vallicolum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 222. 1891. Type LocALITY: Rio Jaris, Pacaca, Costa Rica (Pittier 3298, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pittier 4892; Tonduz 4893. El Arenal, ? Standley € Valerio 45040, 45199. Punta Mala, Torduz 6806, 6821. El General, Tonduz 3600. San Pablo de Tarrazt, ? Jiménez 1092. 84. Piper aragonense Trel., sp. nov. Piper multiplinerviem Auct., as to Costa Rica. A scandent shrub, slightly puberulent on the axes, petiole, and lower side of the leaf; leaves ovate or round-ovate, abruptly acuminate, subtruncate at base, 6X9 to 10X15 cm., multiple-nerved, with 2 or 3 basal nerves and a branch from below the middle of the midrib, on each side; petiole 15 to 25 mm. long, winged to the blade; spikes 2X100 to 150 mm.; peduncle 15 mm. long; bracts rounded-subpeltate; berries minute, subglobose, glabrous; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 796,497, collected at Aragon, near Turrialba, Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters, October 20, 1894, by A. Tonduz (no. 9021). RancE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Turrialba, Pittier 9022. Tsuritkub, Tonduz 8681. Without lo- cality, “ Tonduz 8866.” Carrillo, Pittier 1195. Las Vueltas, Tonduz 12790. 85. Piper perpuberulum Trel., sp. nov. An obscurely and transiently puberulent, fragrant shrub; leaves ovate or round-ovate, rather abruptly acuminate, subtruncately rounded at base, 6X9 to 9.5X12 cm., multiple-nerved with one nerve on each side from near the middle of the midrib and about 3 from the base; petiole 15 to 20 or 30 mm. long, winged ; spikes 3X13 mm.; peduncle 20 to 25 mm. long; bracts rcund-subpeltate; berries depressed-globose; stigmas 3, sessile, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 798,330, collected at Talamanca, Costa Rica, March, 1894, by H. Pittier and A. Tonduz (no. 8680). RANGE: Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Verbena, San José, Tonduz 8866. 86. Piper cercidiphyllum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves round-ovate, subacuminate, subtruncate at base, 12 to 15X12 to 15 cm., multiple-nerved, with a branch from the middle of the midrib on each side and about 4 from the base; petiole 20 to 30 mm. long, TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 147 involute but scarcely winged; spikes 3100 to 120 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long ; bracts rounded-subpeltate; berries short-oblong; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,421, collected along Que- prada Grande, near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, altitude 650 meters, Janu- ary, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46110). RAnGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Golfito, Golfo Dulce, ? Pittier 9912 (J. D. Smith 7133). 87. Piper dumetorum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis..Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 172. 1897. Type Locality: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8366, the type; “ 6366"). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 88. Piper zentanum ©. DC, Bot. Gaz. 70: 170. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY : Hacienda de Zent, Costa Rica (Tonduz 14649, the type). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 89. Piper cyphophyllum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 167. 1897. Piper gibbifolium C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 181, 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: “Costa Rica” (Pittier 895, the type, at Brussels). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Hacienda de Zent, Tonduz 14649 in part, the type of P. gib- vifolium. Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48617. 90. Piper falcigerum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous or with the nerves exceptionally puberulent beneath ; leaves lanceolate, falcately attenuate, obliquely subcordulate, 9 to 11X25 to 30 cm., submultiple-nerved with 5 to 6 strong nerves on each side from below the upper third and 2 to 4 delicate ones from the base; petiole 10 to 15+3 mm. long, not winged; stipules about equaling the petiole; inflorescence un- known. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, flo. 1,307,323, collected at El Silencio. near Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 750 meters, Janu- ary 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44747). RaNGeE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Tejona, Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 45817. 91. Piper sublaevifolium Trel. Piper laevifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 169. 1897. Not P. laevifolium Blume. Type LocALiry: Boca de Zhorquin, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8586, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 92. Piper sinuatifolium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the appressed-pubescent nerves; twigs white- yranular; leaves sinuaiely obliquely ovate-elliptic, subacuminate, the very in- equilateral base subcordulate, 15X25 cm., pinnately or submultiple-nerved with about 8+7 nerves; petiole 15+3 mm. long, not winged; spikes (young) 2X35 mm., with granular peduncle 7 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,377, collected at Los Ayotes, near Tilarain, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 21, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45537). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 93. Piper melanocladum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 176, 1920. Type LocaLiry: Rio Ariei, Costa Rica (Pittier 9370, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Vueltas, Tonduz 13148. Hamburg Finca, Standley € Valerio 48658. Pejivalle, Standley é Valerio 47139. 148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 94. Piper tortuosipilum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, very sparsely crisp-villous throughout for a time, with long soft hairs; leaves elliptic-ovate or subquadrate, sharply acuminate, inequilaterally cordulate with one side shorter, 8X15 to 10X22 cm., submultiple-nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5+6; petiole 10+3 mm. long; spikes 3X9 to 100 mm., pointed; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts transversely subpeltate, subciliolate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,618, collected at El Mufieco, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March, 1926. by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 51026). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Muiieco, Standley 33941, 33944; Standley & Valerio 50978, 51017, 51239, 51256. La Estrella, Standley 39187. Orosi, Standley 39747. Peralta, Stevens 331, 336. La Hondura, Standley 37758, 37794. 95. Piper gracilipedunculum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic-subobovate, acuminate, equilaterally acute at base, 5 to 6.5X10 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 3X2 with the uppermost looping into 1 or 2 shorter nerves above; petiole 10 mm. long, winged at base; spikes 3X25 mm., mucronate; peduncle slender, 10 mm. long; bracts roundish or triangular-subpeltate, ciliolate; stigmas 8, sessile; berries depressed, somewhat elongate with the rachis. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,496, collected at Fraijanes, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,700 meters, February, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 47519). Rance: Central highlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley & Torres 47582, 47604. La Palma, Standley 33159. Santa Marfa de Dota, Standley 42095, Yerba Buena, Standley é Valerio 49198. 96. Piper surubresanum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; twigs somewhat pale-granular at the nodes; leaves elliptic, acuminate at both ends, 7X13 to 15 cm., submultiple-nerved from below the upper third, the stronger nerves about 5X2, drying thin, paler beneath; petiole scarcely 10 mm. long, involute, not winged; spikes (young) 2X40 mm., drying red; peduncle scant 10 mm. long; bracts triangular-subpeltate, glabrate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 861,103, collected along Rfo Surubres, San Mateo, Costa Rica, altitude 250 meters, February 14, 1909, by P. Biolley (no. 17353). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Surubres, Biolley 2655. About Tilarfn, Standley & Valerio 45726, 46098, 46111. 97. Piper decurrens ©. DC. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For, 4: 215. 1866. TYPE LOCALITY: Mount Candelaria, Costa Rica (Hoffmann 853, the type). Rance: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Pofis, Tonduz 1707. La Ventolera, Volcin de Pois, Standley 34665, 34725, 34734, 34735. 98. Piper micranthera C. DC. Linnaea 87: 354. 1872. TYPE Locality: La Barranca, Nicaragua [Costa Rica], Oersted 877, the type. RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 99. Piper opacibracteum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub, sometimes epiphytic ; leaves lance-oblong, slender-acuminate, subequilaterally rounded at base, 4 to 5X15 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, drying hard-papery and green; petiole 5 mm. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 149 long, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm., drying brown; peduncle scant 5 mm. long; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,414, collected at La Tejona, near Tilarfin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 25, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45899). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tilarin, Standley ¢ Valerio 45844. 100. Piper unguiculiferum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate, subequilaterally rounded at base with the margin typically unguiculately inrolled, 6 to 8X17 to 18 cm., submultiple-nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4X2; petiole scant 10 mm. long, not winged; spikes 2X80 mm.; peduncle scant 10 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,485, collected at Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, February, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 47003). Rance: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. 101. Piper xiroresanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 169. 1897. TyPE LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9271, the type). Rance: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. 102. Piper terrabanum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30*: 217. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY : Térraba, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3604, the type). RanGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boruca, Tonduz 4664, 6855, 6862. Palmar, Tonduz 6750. Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3266. 103. Piper longistipulum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 175. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Rfo Naranjo, Costa Rica (Pittier 8001, the type). Rance: Caribbean border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. 104. Piper peltaphyllum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30*: 220. 1891. Typ LocALITy: Carrillo Road, Costa Rica (Pittier 2522, the type). RanGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. 104a. Piper peltaphyllum lasvueltasanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 172. 1920. Type LOCALITY: Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica (Tonduz 15189, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Tuis, Tonduz 8164. 105. Piper veraguense ©. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 294. 1869. TYPE LocaLity: “Costa Rica and Veragua,”’ Costa Rica and Panama (Warscewicz in Herb. Boissier). Not recently recognized, and very possibly a prior name for the preceding species. 106. Piper copeyanum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper pulchrum copeyanwm C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 189. 1920. Piper pulchrum costaricense C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 29°: 70. 1890; 807: 218. 1891. Not P. costaricense C. DC. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Rosa de Copey, Costa Rica (Tonduz 12198, the type). RanGE: High divide of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Santa Rosa de Copey, Tonduz 12247. El Copey, Tonduz 11890. Santa Maria de Dota, Pittier 2272; Standley 42831; Standley & Valerio 43258. -Bl Mufieco, Standley 33649. EscasG, Standley 32626. Aserri to Tarbaca, Standley 41390. La Estrella, Cartago, Standley 39235. Rio Pois, Tonduz 1743. 150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM La Ventolera, Volcfin de Pods, Standley 34662. Rio Achiote to Sabana de las Chiquizés, Pittier 793. 107. Piper sagittifolium C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 171. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7588, the type). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua. Costa Rica: Valley of Aguas Buenas, Pittier 11035. 108. Piper glabrifolium C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 163. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7553). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica. 109. Piper pseudo-glabrifolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper glabrifoliwm Auct., p. p., as to Costa Rica. Closely resembling P. glabrifolium, but the elliptic leaves not at all pandu- rately contracted. Type in the DeCandolle Herbarium, collected at Santa Marfa de Dota, Costa Rica, by A. Tonduz (no. 7853). Rance: High divide of central Costa Rica. 110. Piper pacacanum Trel. Piper nobile minus C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 208. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Rodeo de Pacaca, Costa Rica (Pittier 3239, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Lagarto to Boruca, Pittier 4488. Buenos Aires, Pittier 6533. San Ramon, ? Tonduz 17779. 111. Piper subfuscum C. DC. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 4: 217. 1866. Piper tablazosense C. DC. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 10: 288. 1888. Type LocaLiry: Alto de la Cruz, Mount Candelaria, Costa Rica (Hoffmann 544, the type). Ranoe: High divide of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tablazos, Lehmann 1752, type of P. tablazosense. 112. Piper ceibense C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 163. 1897. TYPE LocALITY: Buenos Aires, Rio Ceibo, Costa Rica (Pittier 4902, the type; “6902 ”). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cabeceras del Diquis, Pittier 10564. Golfito, Golfo Dulce, Pit- tier 9910. 113. Piper neurostachyum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 213. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Juan Vifias, Costa Rica (Pittier 1869, the type). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Vueltas, Tonduz 12907 (J. D. Smith 7564). Boca de Zhorquin, Tonduz 8641. 114. Piper escuadranum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the puberulent nerves beneath; leaves broadly ovate, obscurely subacuminate, nearly equilaterally deeply cordate with V- shaped sinus about equaling the petiole, 24X35 cm., multiple-nerved with about 4 ascending nerves on each side of the lower half of the midrib and as many more spreading from the base; petiole 6 cm. long, rather narrowly winged ; spikes (young) 4X50 mm.; peduncle 1 cm. long; bracts quadrangularly subpeltate, glabrous, Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, nos. 1,307,266-1,307,267, collected in dense oak and bamboo forest near Laguna de la Hscuadra, northeast of El Copey, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,200 meters, December 16, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no, 41965). Rance: High divide of central Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 151 115. Piper irrasum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs crisp-velvety ; leaves subelliptic-ovate, short-acuminate, nearly equilaterally deeply cordate with nearly closed sinus about equaling the petiole, 20X30 cm., submultiple-nerved, with 4 upcurved nerves on each side from below the upper third and as many more from the base, crisp-velvety beneath ; petiole crisp-velvety, 70 mm. long; spikes 7X360 mm.; peduncle 15 mm. long, glabres- cent; bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; berries short-oblong, truncate; stig- mas 3, small, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,609, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 50961). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 116. Piper palmanum Trel., sp. nov. A tree 5 to 10 meters tall; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, nearly equilaterally deeply cordate with overlapping rounded lobes shorter than the petiole, 36X50 cm., multiple-nerved with 4 upcurved branches on each side of the midrib from below the upper third and as many more from the base, the nerves villous be- neath; petiole sparsely villous, with a few fleshy emergences, winged, 80 mm. long; spikes 7 to 12X450 mm.; peduncle 30 mm. long, glabrous; bracts trian- gular-subpeltate, ciliate; berries oblong, truncate; stigmas 3, broad, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, nos, 1,229,340-1,229,342, collected at La Palma, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 meters, February 3, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 33112). Ranae: High mountains of central Costa Rica. 117. Piper aserrianum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs brown-tomentose-villous; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse, sub- equilaterally deeply cordate with narrow or closed sinus surpassing the petiole, 27X40 cm., multiple-nerved, with 4 ascending nerves on each side from below the upper third and as many more from the base, the nerves crisp-villous be- neath ; petiole brown-villous, 30 to 70 mm. long; spikes (young) 4X70 mm., with glabrate peduncle 10 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,695, collected between Aserri and Tarbaca, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 to 1,900 meters, February 12, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 34151). Rance: High mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Fraijanes, Alajuela, Standley & Torres 47595. Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 35638. 118. Piper cincinnatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs sparingly soft-hairy or glabrescent, fleshy-warty at the nodes; leaves broadly elliptic, short-acuminate, somewhat inequilaterally cordate with open sinus, 24X40 cm., multiple-nerved, with 4 upcurved nerves on each side from below the upper third and 2 or 3 from the base, substellate-hairy beneath especially on the midrib; petiole longer than the lobes, 70 to 90 mm., winged, dorsally hairy, with numerous fleshy emergences; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,268, collected at La Colom- biana Farm of the United Fruit Co., Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 70 meters, March 6, 7, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 36778). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of central Costa Rica. 119, Piper clavuliger Trel., sp. nov. A shrub or small tree 3 to 7 meters tall; twigs glabrous, with fleshy emer- gences about the nodes; leaves round-ovate, obtuse or short-pointed, nearly equilaterally deeply cordate with narrow sinus subequal to the petiole, 30X45 152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM cm., multiple-nerved, with 5 upcurved nerves on each side from the lower half and as many from the base, puberulent on the nerves beneath and with emer- gences on the midrib; petiole as much as 100 mm. long, winged, glabrous, with oblong emergences; spikes (young) 4X90 mm., becoming 5250 mm., with subpuberulent peduncle 30 to 55 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,489, collected in the vicinity of Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, February 7, 8, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 47088). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Mufieco, Cartago, Standley 33919; Standley & Valerio 51033. La Hondura, Standley 37771. 120. Piper cenocladum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 168. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Tsaki, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9533, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Vucltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12857 (J. D. Smith 7565). Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48559. 121. Piper signatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, sparsely villous nearly throughout; leaves elliptic above the lateral sinus, subobovate because of the single pendent auricle which surpasses the petiole, short-acuminate, 13 to 15X30 cm., submultiple-nerved, with about 4 up- curved nerves from below the middle on each side and as many more spread. ing from the base on the auricled side; petiole 30 to 40 mm. long, winged; spikes pendent, 12250 mm.; peduncle thick, 20 mm. long, glabrous; bracts lunulately subpeltate; berries suboblong, truncate; stigmas 3; sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,608, collected at El Mufieco. Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 to 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 50958). RaNce: Upper Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Mufieco, Standley 33447, 33466, 33575; Standley & Torres 51006. Orosi, Standley 39727. 122. Piper ciliatifolium Trel., sp. nov. A softly subhirsute shrub; leaves elliptic above the lateral sinus, but obovate because of the single auricle as long as the petiole, gradually pointed, 15X30 em., submultiple-nerved, with about 4 upcurved nerves from each side of the lower half and as many more from the base on the auricled side, long-ciliate : petiole 30 mm. long, winged; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,416, collected at La Colom. biana Farm, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 70 meters, March 6, 7. 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 36770). Rance: Reventazén lowlands, Costa Rica. 123. Piper bullulaefolium Trel., sp. nov. A velvety-subtomentose shrub; leaves elliptical-subovate above the lateral sinus, subobovate from the (usually) single pendent article equaling the petiole, gradually subacuminate, 10 to 15X20 to 30 cm., submultiple-nerved with about 4 upcurved nerves from the lower half on each side and about as many radiating from the base in the auricle, bullulate-rugose; petiole 40 tc 50 mm. long; spikes (young) 2X180 mm., with peduncle 15 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,368, collected at Los Ayotes. near Tilarfin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters. January 21, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45363). Range: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 153 Costa Rica: About Tilarfn, Standley ¢ Valerio 44657, 46463 with biauriculate base. 124, Piper tinctum Trel., sp. nov. Close to the foregoing but villous and not bullulate; spikes 4 to 5 350 mm.; peduncle 30 mm. long. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,372, collected at Los Ayotes, near Tilarfin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 to 700 meters, January 21, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45460). RancE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Vicinity of Tilarain, Standley & Valerio 45280, 45800. 125. Piper biseriatum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 178. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Caflas Gordas, Costa Rica (Pittier 11036, the type). RancE: Eastern Costa Rica, toward Panama. 126. Piper dasypogon C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 187. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Buenos Aires, Costa Rica (Pittier 10641, the type). RANGE: Diquis Valley, Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 127. Piper magnilimbum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 177. 1920. Piper obliquum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Cafias Gordas, Costa Rica (Pittier 11032, the type). RANGE: Hastern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Pittier 11073, “11087.” 128. Piper fimbriulatum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 301: 207. 1891. TYPE LoOcALITY; El General, Costa Rica, Tonduz 3393 (“3398”) the type. RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 129. Piper pentagonum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs crisp-velvety; leaves subpandurately obovate, short-acumi- nate, unequally cordate with narrow sinus, the longer lobe half as long as the petiole, 12 to 15X22 to 25 cm., multiple-nerved, with 3 to 4 upcurved branches on each side from below the upper third and as many more spread- ing from the base, hirtellous on the nerves beneath; petiole 60 to 80 mm. long, winged, crisp-hirtellous; spikes (young) 3X65 mm., mucronate, on a hirtellous peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,543, collected at Finca Montecristo, Rio Reventazén below Cairo, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 25 meters, February 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48559). Rane@e: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 130. Piper pseudo-fimbriulatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs transiently hairy; leaves broadly elliptic, blunt-acuminate, deeply laterally cordate with overlapping lobes, 20X35 cm., submultiple-nerved with 3 or 4 upcurved nerves from the lower half of each side and 4 or 5 spreading from the base, the nerves stiff-villous beneath; petiole 80+10 or 15 mm. long, winged; spikes 4X300 mm. or more; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long; bracts subpeltate, long-fimbriate. ’ Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,121, collected at El General, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, February, 1891, by H. Pittier (no. 3601). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boruca to Térraba, ? Pittier 4657. 131. Piper exiguispicum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub ?; twigs densely subtomentose; leaves broadly obovate-elliptic, sharp- acuminate, unequally laterally cordate with the larger lobe surpassing the petiole, 20X23 cm., submultiple-nerved with about 4 upcuryed branches from 154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM the lower half on each side and 2 to 4 from the base, more or less persistently pubescent on both sides; petiole 45+10 or 15 mm. long, densely hairy, winged ; spikes cordlike, 2.5220 mm.; peduncle 25 to 30 mm. long, loosely hairy; bracts subpeltate, rusty-hairy. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 798,333, collected at Boca de Zhorquin, Talamanca, Costa Rica, March, 1894, by A. Tonduz (no. 8641). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 132. Piper perlongipes Trel., sp. nov. A somewhat pubescent shrub, very suggestive of P. auritum amplifolium; leaves ovate-acute, unequally laterally cordate with overlapping lobes, on winged petiole 30 to 40 mm., longer on one side; spikes 3 to 4X300 mm.; peduncle slender, 90 mm. long. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,807,477, collected at Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, February 7, 8, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46834). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica, perhaps also represented from Chinandega, Nicaragua, Baker 85. Costa Rica: Tuis, Tonduz 8166, 11519. Shirores, Tonduz 9264. 188. Piper auritum amplifolium C. DC, in DC. Prodr. 167%: 321. 1869. TYPE LOCALITY: “ Costa Rica” (Hoffmann 761, the type). RANGE: Widespread through Central America in various scarcely distinguish- able forms. Costa Rica: Limén, Pittier 12689. Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48450. Hacienda de Zent, United Fruit Co. 257. Rfo San Juan, Oersted 827. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Bioliey 7443. Carrillo Road, Pittier 1194, 2528. Las Vueltas, Tonduz 12859. Tuis, Tonduz 11519 (J. D. Smith 7331). Juan Vifias, Cook € Doyle 304, 364. Mount Aguacate, Oersted 826. Las Pavas, Standley 36069. San José, Tonduz 3174. Rio Birris, Pittier 3202. Pacific slope, Biolley 17554. Surubres, San Mateo, Pittier 7052. Quebrada Grande, Tilarin, Standley ¢& Valerio 46114. Rio Corozal, Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Jonduz 9929 (J. D. Smith 71385). Punta Mala, Tonduz 6796. 134. Piper auritifolium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub resembling P. auritum, with microscopically papillate stem; leaves 12 to 18X20 to 23 cm., sparsely appressed-pubescent above but quite glabrous be- neath ; spikes (young) 2X50 to 100 mm., the glabrous peduncle 10 mm. long. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,561, collected at Hamburg Finca, Rio Reventazén below Cairo, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 50 meters, February 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 48778). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 135. Piper silvicola C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 159. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7611, the type). RANGE: Lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Naranjo, ? Tonduz 7536. 136. Piper mirabile Trel., sp. nov. . A thick-trunked tree 6 to 7 meters tall, essentially glabrous except for the puberulent nerves beneath; leaves elongate-elliptic, obscurely blunt- or emar- ginulate-acuminate, obliquely rounded at base or obscurely subcordulate, 10 to 1220 to 25 em., submultiple-nerved with about 3 impressed upcurved nerves on each side of the lower half and 2 or 3 from the base, bronzing; petiole 40 to 50 mm. long, somewhat fleshy-warty like the twig, winged; spikes pendent, 6 to 8X 370 mm.; bracts suborbicular, ciliate-fimbriate; ovary depressed-ellipsoid; stig- mas 3, sessile. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 155 Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,181,894, collected at Santa Clara de Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,950 meters, July 20, 19238, by William R. Maxon and A. D. Harvey (no. 8246). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 137. Piper evasum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, essentially glabrous except for the tomentulose fleshy-warty twigs and petioles and the pubescent nerves beneath; leaves regularly elliptic, sub- acuminate, equilaterally cordate with open sinus scarcely 15 mm. deep, 16x34 cm., submultiple-nerved with about 5 upcurved nerves from below the upper third on each side and about 2 from the base; petiole 30 mm. long, thick and winged; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,366, collected at El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 meters, January 18, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 45280). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 138. Piper longevillosum Trel., sp. nov. A soft shrub with long-villous twigs; leaves broadly elliptic, subacuminate, slightly inequilaterally cordate with shallow sinus or subauriculate with the larger lobe covering the petiole, 12X18 to 15X22 cm., submultiple-nerved with about 4 upcurved nerves from the lower half on each side and as many more from the base; petiole 40 mm. long, winged, villous like the base of the nerves beneath; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,322, collected at El Silencio, near Tilarfin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 750 meters, January 18, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44696). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 139. Piper pittieri C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 297: 69. 1890; 30*: 204. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Between Turrialba and Rio Birris, on Volcfin de Irazu, Costa Rica, at 2,400 meters altitude (Pittier 376, the type). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Turrialba, Pittier 13234 (J. D. Smith 7507). Achiote, Volefin de Pods, Tonduz 10794; Standley 34612. Laguna del Reventado, Volecin de IrazG, 3,000 meters, noted as the highest Costa Rican altitude for a Piper, Pittier 14116; Tonduz 4244. Cerro de las Caricias, Heredia, Standley € Valerio 52235. Cerro de las Lajas, Standley & Valerio 51555. 140. Piper trimetrale C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 159. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Tuis, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8169, the type). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 141. Piper riparense C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 173. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Buenos Aires, Rio Hactim, Costa Rica (Tonduz 4893, the type). RancGE: Diquis Valley, Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 142. Piper euryphyllum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 178. 1920. Piper triseriale C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 187. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: La Palma, Costa Rica (Tonduz 12666, the type). Rance: High mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Palma, Pittier 12663, type of P. triseriale. 143. Piper otophorum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 8307: 220. 1891. Type LocaLiry: Siquirres, Costa Rica (Pittier 3183, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of northeastern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7551. 156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 144, Piper auriculiferum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, slightly pubescent on the nerves beneath, the twigs white-granular ; leaves inequilaterally sublanceolate- or oblanceolate-elliptic, acuminate, laterally semicordate with the lobe or auricle equaling and covering the petiole, 6.5 to 8X15 to 18 cm., submultiple-nerved with about 5 upcurved nerves from below the middle on each side and 2 spreading from the base; petiole 10 mm. long, scarcely winged; spikes 4X60 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts triangular- subpeltate; berries round-oblong, convallately truncate; stigmas 2, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 1,307,316, collected at El Silencio, near Tilarin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 750 meters, January 18, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44648). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 145. Piper biauritum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 161. 1897. Typ LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica (J'onduz 9270, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 146. Piper insolens Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs for a time dingy-villous; leaves obliquely lance-ovate, falcate- acuminate, bicordulate with lateral sinus, 6 to 7X14 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, sparingly dingy-villous above, the nerves densely crisp-hairy beneath; petiole 10 mm. long, covered by the blade, villous, not winged; spikes noted as greenish white. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,807,288, collected at Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 meters, Jan- uary, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 43306). Rance: High divide of central Costa Rica. 147. Piper disparifolium Trel., sp. nov. A nodose shrub, glabrous except for the obscurely appressed-puberulent uierves beneath; leaves lance-ovate, acuminate, obliquely cordulate, 8 to 1020 to 22 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6 or 7X2; petiole 8+2 mm. long, not winged; spikes (young) 2X30 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,484, collected at Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, February 7, 8, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46993). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Cartago, Standley & Valerio 51018. Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 47082. Peralta, Stevens 372. 148. Piper celatipetiolum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic-ovate or subobovate, faleate-acuminate, very unequally cordulaie, 7 to 7.5X16 em., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves about 6X2; petiole 5 mm. long, granular-papillate; spikes 3X45 to 55 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts triangular-subpeltate: berries obconical, truncate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,492, collected at Capulin, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 80 meters, April 2, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 40178). Rance: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. 149. Piper subaspericaule C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 162. 1897. Piper trichocladum C. DC, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 167. 1897. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 157 TypH LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7625, the type; this is also the type of P. trichocladum). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Costa Rica: Rio Naranjo, Tonduz 7660. 150. Piper virgultorum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 173, 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Tsuritkub, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8650, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boca de Zhorquin (Tonduz 8570; ?8577). Las Vueltas, ? Tonduz 12823. La Florida, ? Lankester, in 1925. Without definite locality, Brade 2439. Turrialba, ?Tonduz 4113. 151. Piper chrysostachyum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30%: 207, 1891. TYPE LOCALITY : Rio Surubres, Sun Mateo (Biolley 4073, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Pittier 6526, 6535. Rio La Barranca, San Juan de San Ramon, Tonduz 17777. 152. Piper vicinum Trel., sp. hov. General characters of P. chrysostachyum, but the nerves subpubescent be- neath, and with glabrous bracts and pistils. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,145, collected at “ Yuavin,” [ ?Zhorquin], Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters, March, 1892, by A. Tonduz (no. 6635 ). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 153. Piper pelliticaule Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs brown-puberulent and with intermingled longer straight hairs; leaves broadly elliptic, acutely short-acuminate, unequally rounded at base, 8 to 10.5X16 to 19 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 6+7, evanescently somewhat hirtellous above, tomentulose and villous- hirsute on the nerves beneath; petiole 10 or 15+3 mm. long, brown-hirtellous, winged at base; inflorescence unknown. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,499, collected at Fraijanes, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 meters, February 12, 13, 1926, Ey Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 47539). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Virilla, ? Tonduz 17770. 154. Piper anisophyllum Trel., sp. nov. Piper dilatatum acutifolium C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 217. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: El! General, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3385, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Tonduz 3392. Tilarfin, Guanacaste, Standley € Valerio 44228. Boruca, Pittier 6747. 155. Piper pseudodilatatum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 165. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Punta Mala, Costa Rica (Tonduz 6797, the type). RANGE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. 156. Piper zacatense C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 161. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Boca Zacate, Costa Rica (Pittier 6828, the type). RANGE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. 156a. Piper zacatense percaudatum C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 161. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Golfito, Golfo Dulce, Pittier 9914, the type; distributed also as J. D. Smith 7132. 66747—29—_4 158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM RancE: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Corozal, Santo Domingo, Pittier 10002 (J. D. Smith 7131). Rio Colorado, Golfo Dulce, Pittier 9991 (J. D. Smith 7144). 157. Piper uvitanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 182. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: La Uvita, Limén, Costa Rica (Pittier 12690, the type). RanGeE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Limén, Debeaugr 59. 158. Piper alajuelanum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the obscurely puberulent nerves beneath; leaves obliquely subelliptic-oblong, acuminate, rounded at least on one side at base, 5 to 7X12 to 16 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, cancellately venulose; petiole 10 mm. long, not winged; spikes 2 to 3X85 mm.; peduncle slender, 10 to 15 mm. long, white-granular like the twigs; bracts lunulate-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,164, collected at Nuestro Amo, Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 800 meters, February, 1911, by Ot6n Jiménez (no. 988). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 159. Piper villosisquamulum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrous, pale-granular; leaves obliquely elliptic, long- acuminate, rounded at base or subcordulate at least on one side, 6 to 8X18 to 23 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 7+-6, loosely and deciduously villous beneath with the veins appressed-pubescent; petiole 8+2 mm. long, glabrous, winged only at base; spikes filiform, 2150 mm.; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long, obscurely velvety or glabrous; bracts roundish- subpeltate, ciliolate; ovary round-trunecate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,448, collected at La Hondura, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters, March 16, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 37799). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 37757. 160. Piper rhodostachyum Trel., sp. nov. A small crisp-villous shrub; leaves obliquely lanceolate, falcate-attenuate, subcordulate on one side, 3X10 cm., subrugose, pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4+3, prominent beneath; petiole scarcely 2+2 mm. long; spikes (young) 2X15 mm., pink. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,318,150, collected at Reventazén, Costa Rica, August 4, 1927, by C. H. Lankester (no. 1163). RANGE: Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. 161. Piper polytrichum ©. DC. Candollea 1: 110. 1923; Schroeder, Candollea 3: 138. 1926. TYPE LocALITY : Cafias Gordas, Costa Rica (Pittier 11070, the type; “ 10070”). Rance: Mountains of southeastern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Pittier 11071. 162. Piper nigricaule Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs blackening, sparsely crisp-pubescent; leaves elliptic-sublance- olate, unequally cordulate, 5X13 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6X2, transiently somewhat hairy on both sides and per- sistently pubescent on the nerves; petiole 5+2 mm. long, hairy, winged at base; spikes 3X50 to 88 mm.; peduncle slender, 10 mm. long, glabrate; bracts lunulate-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries obpyramidal-triquetrous ; stigmas 3. sessile. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 159 Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 577,290, collected at Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, March, 1910, by A. Tonduz (no. 9959). Distributed also by John Donnell Smith ‘as no, 7139 (sheets 596,520 and 596,522 in the U. 8. National Herbarium). RANGE: Pacific coast region of Costa Rica. 163. Piper scleromyelum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 167. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Tsuritkub, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8675, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 164. Piper subsessilifolium C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bet. Belg. 307: 216. 1891. Piper subsessilifolium palmanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 183. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Navarrito, Costa Rica, Pittier 2436 (“2435”), the type. RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Palma, Tonduz 12662, type of var. palmanum. Alto de la Estrella, Cartago, Standley 39108, 39232 with lance-oblong leaves 3.5 to 4.5X138 to 15 cm. El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Standley 33426, 33486, 33567, 33628, 33651 ; Standley & Torres 51110; Standley & Valerio 51027. La Hondura, Standley 36496, with narrow leaves. 165. Piper concepcionis Trel., sp. nov. A spreading or subrepent, essentially glabrous shrub; leaves oblong- or ovate- elliptic, acuminate, nearly equilaterally rounded at base, 8 to 13X20 to 25 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, congested below ; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, not winged; spikes (young) 2X35 mm., drying red, with peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts lunulate-subpeltate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 798,403-798,404, collected at La Concepcion, plains of Santa Clara, Costa Rica, February, 1896, by John Donnell Smith (no. 6749). Rance: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Guapiles, Standley 37123, 37131, 373819. 166. Piper arundinetorum Trel., sp. nov. A weak subseandent glabrous shrub; leaves narrowly elliptic, acuminate, subobtuse at the convallate base, 4 to 6X13 to 16 cm., submultiple-nerved from the lower half, the nerves 5X2, drying bright green and veiny; petiole 5 mm. long, not winged; spikes 3X40 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts triangular- subpeltate, the pale margin coarsely fimbriate; berries oblong-truncate; stigmas 2, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,268, collected in oak and bamboo forest, near Laguna de la Escuadra, El Copey, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 2,100 meters, December 16, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41967). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. 167. Piper sulcinervosum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs somewhat crisp-pubescent; leaves elongate-lanceolate, long- acuminate, the narrowed base nearly equally subobtuse, 5.5 to 7X17 to 18 cm., submultiple-nerved from the lower third, the sulcate nerves 5 or 6X2 with the lower congested, and slightly hairy above; petiole 3 to 7 mm. long, some- what crisp-pubescent, not winged; spikes (young) 340 mm., purple; peduncle 7 mm. long, slightly crisp-pubescent ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,701, collected on Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 35569). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 35634, 35707. Orosi, Cartago, Standley 39674. 160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 168. Piper pendens Trel., sp. nov. A small pendent epiphytic shrub; twigs transiently crisp-pubescent; leaves elongate-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, subequally rounded at base, 3.5 to 4.5X12 to 15 cm., pinnately submultiple-nerved from below the middle, the impressed nerves about 5X2, approximate downward and sparsely velvety beneath, drying thin and paler beneath; petiole 5 mm. long, crisp-pubescent, not winged; spikes (young) 2X85 mm., sharp-mucronate, dark red; peduncle 10 mm. long, crisp-pubescent ; bracts roundish-subpeltate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,584, collected at Yerba Buena, San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 meters, February 22, 28, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 49822). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 168a. Piper pendens infaustum Trel., var. nov. A terrestrial shrub with less gradually acuminate leaves. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,361, collected at El Mufieco, south of Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 meters February 8, 9, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 33651). RanGE: Upper Reventazoén Valley, Costa Rica. 169. Piper pseudo-aduncum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 166. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River (Biolley 6914, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 170, Piper bryogetum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 175. 1920. Piper bryogeton C. DC. Candollea 1: 85. 1923. TYPE LOCALITY : Trejos, Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica (Pittier 12939). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Hacienda de Zent, Pittier 14652. Rio Hondo, Santa Clara, Cook & Doyle 563. 171, Piper matinanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 170. 1897. TYPE LocALITy: Matina, Costa Rica (Pittier 9759). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 172. Piper cabagranum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 173. 1897 TypH LocaLiry: Cabagra, near Buenos Aires, Costa Rica (Pittier 6528, the type). Ran@ae: Diquis Valley, Costa Rica. 173. Piper blepharilepidum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs slender, glabrous, green-granular; leaves subelliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4 to 6X11 to 15 cm.,, pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5-+4, sparingly appressed- pubescent beneath, drying green and green-granular; axillary scales long-ciliate ; petiole 3+2 mm. long, glabrous, pale-granular, not winged; spikes (young) 2X50 mm.; peduncle 5 to 15 mm. long, glabrous, pale-dotted; bracts roundish- subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,434, collected at Quebrada Serena, Tilariin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters, Jan uary 27, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46217). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 174. Piper epigynium C. DC. Linnaea 37: 346. 1872. TYPH LOCALITY: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Oersted 858, the type). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 161 175. Piper oppressum Trel., sp, nov. A nearly glabrous shrub; leaves lance- or subovate-elliptic, long-acuminate, subobliquely acute at base, 5 to 7.5X13 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves (4 or 5X2) with some short intermediates and at most obscurely appressed-pubescent beneath; petiole slender, 10 to 20 or 30 mm. long, the longest narrowly winged to the end; spikes 230 to 40 or even 80 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts inconspicuous, glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 474,585, collected at Matamb4, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, May 23, 1903, by O. F. Cook and C. B. Doyle (no. 697). RANGE: Pacific coast region of northern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Nicoya, Tonduz 13962. 176. Piper esquivelanum Trel., sp. nov. An essentially glabrous shrub, copiously brown-granular throughout; leaves ovate-elliptic, subacuminate, equilaterally acute at base, 6 to 7.518 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 4X2, microscopically puberulent on the nerves beneath; petiole 15 mm. long, winged toward the base; spikes 3X55 mm., slightly mucronate; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts concave; berries subglobose; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,339, collected at El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 485 to 600 meters, January 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45042). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Silencio, Guanacaste, Standley & Valerio 44644. 177%. Piper machadoanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 166. 1897. Piper dichotomum Auct.. as to Nicaragua. TYPE LOCALITY: Boca Machado, San Juan Valley, Nicaragua (Pittier 9638, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of northern Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua. Costa Rica: Santa Clara, Las Delicias, Biolley 10676. Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48415, 48485, 485038, 48534, 48574, 48583. Hamburg Finca, Standley & Valerio 48667, 48690, 48715, 48743, 48757, 48777, 48819. La Colom- hiana Farm, Standley 36796, 36962, 36982. 178. Piper brachistopodum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 182. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY : Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica (Tonduzg 13143, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Vueltas, Tonduz 18128. 179. Piper nodosum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 185. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Cafias Gordas, Costa Rica (Pittier 11072, the type). RANGE: Mountains of southeastern Costa Rica. 180. Piper coactoris Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs evanescently hairy, copiously pale-granular near the nodes; leaves lance-elliptic, long-acuminate, inequilaterally acute at the base, 5.5 to 8X18 ecm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5 or 6X2, rugose, roughened beneath by subappressed hairs; petiole 10-++2 or 5 mm. long, glabrate, pale-granular, scarcely winged; spikes 360 to 85 mm., mucronate; peduncle 10 mm. long, pale-granular; bracts transversely subpeltate, ciliolate; berries oblong-subquadrate; stigmas minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,517, collected at Viento Fresco, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 to 1,800 meters, Feb- 162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM ruary 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Reubén Torres (no. 47935). Dedicatec. to the junior collector. RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Viento Fresco, Standley & Torres 47776. Fraijanes, Standley « Torres 47535, 47583. San Isidro, Heredia, Standley € Valerio 49689, 49722. 52054. 181. Piper villistipulum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrous, pale-granular; leaves somewhat obliquely elliptic. neuminate, inequilaterally acute at base, 6 to 85X17 to 22 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6 or 7X2, sparsely upcurved-hirsute: on the nerves and principal veins beneath, the caducous stipules villous; petiole: 15 or 10+5 mm. long, winged at base only, pale-granular; spikes (young) 2X40 mm., mucronate; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous; bracts round. subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,686, collected at El Mufieco. south of Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 meters, Feb- ruary 8, 9, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no, 38488). RANGE: Upper Reventazon Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 33942; Standley & Valerio 51014, 51030, 51103, 51245. 182. Piper tabanicidum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs sparsely and transiently pale-villous, green-granular; leaves: elliptic, acuminate, slightly inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 75X15 to 16. or 9X21 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves pale, about: 5X2, upcurved-pubescent beneath, deep glossy green; petiole about 10+2 mm. long, subhirsute, green-granular, winged at base; spikes 3 to 4X40 to 50 mm.; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous; bracts concave-inflexed ; berries depressed-: globose, velvety; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,383, collected at Tilarén,. Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45676). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 44241, 44287, 44996, 46122. 46145, 46248, 46360, 46593. Libano, Guanacaste, Standley € Valerio 44896, 44925. “Fruit used formerly to kill maggots in wounds of horses and cattle.” 183. Piper barbulatum C. DC. Candollea 1: 124. 1923; Schroeder, Candollea 3: 135. 1926. Piper hostmannianum Auct., as to Costa Riea. TYP LOCALITY: Nicoya, Costa Rica (7onduz 13697, the type). RancE: Pacific lowlands of northern Costa Rica (and Nicaragua?). Costa Rica: With the type, Tonduz 13964. 184, Piper umbricola C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307; 215, 1891. TYPH LOCALITY: Rodeo de Pacaca, Costa Rica (Pittier 3238, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Tonduz 4900. Térraba, Pittier 3594. San Ramon, Tonduz 17780. 185. Piper disparipes Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the minutely puberulent nerves beneath; twigs. pale-granular; leaves subelliptic-oblong, acuminate, the narrowed base in- equilaterally subacute, 6 to 7X16 to 20 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, drying rather thin and yellowish; petiole 5+3. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 163 to 8+5 mm. long, pale-granular, scarcely winged; spikes 3X90 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries cubic; stigmas 2, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,327, collected at El Silencio, Tilarin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 750 meters, January 138, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44766). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Naranjos Agrios, Tilarin, Standley & Valerio 46406. 186. Piper papulatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the obscurely rough-puberulent nerves beneath ; twigs white-papillate; leaves subovate-elliptic, gradually acuminate, inequi- laterally rounded at base, 4 to 5X13 to 9X20 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4 or 5X2, drying thin; petiole 6+4 mm. long, closely white-papillate, winged at base; spikes 3X75 mm., blunt; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,493, collected at Capulfn, Rio Grande de Tiarcoles, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 80 meters, April 2, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 40181). Rance: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica, 187. Piper imparipes Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, somewhat puberulent on the axes and the nerves beneath; twigs green-dotted; leaves suboblong-elliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally subacute at base, 6 to 7X16 to 18 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5+4, drying glossy and rather thin; petiole 7+5 mm. long, winged at base; spikes 83X75 mm., obtuse, pale green; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts roundish- or triangular-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,673, collected at La Verbena, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,200 meters, January 29, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no, 32244). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 188. Piper leptocladum C. DC, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 164. 1897.. Piper dilatatum lteptocladum C. DC. Candollea 1: 96. 19238. Type LocaLiry: Rio Tuis, Costa Rica (Pitticr 8160, the type). RANGE: Reventaz6n Valley, Costa Rica. 189. Piper pubens Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs evanescently appressed-soft-hairy, finely pale-granular; leaves. lance- or ovate-elliptic, long-acuminate, obliquely subacute at base. 5 to 6.515: em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, flnely granular but scarcely roughened above, paler beneath, with the nerves coarsely appressed- hispid, drying thin and microscopically punctulate; petiole 10 or 15+2 mm. long, transiently crisp-hairy, winged at base; spikes (young) 2X65 mm., slender- mucronate; peduncle slender, 10 mm. long, glabrate; bracts round-subpeltate, glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,473, collected at La Hstrella, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, March 26, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 39329). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 39197. 190. Piper subdivaricatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs thinly upcurved-hirsute, pale-granular; leaves lanceolate, attenuate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4 to 4.5138 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 6+5, sparsely appressed-hispid on the 164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM nerves beneath and glandular-punctulate between them; petiole scarcely 3+-22 mm. long, subhirsute, becoming pale-granular, winged at base; spikes (young) 2X25 mm., short-peduncled ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,710, collected at La Hondura, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 2-4, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no, 36489). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 191. Piper rotundibaccum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs retrorsely crisp-pubescent, becoming finely pale-granular; leaves lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 3.5 to 45X10 to 138 em., obscurely subrugose, pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 4X2, appressed-hirsute beneath; petiole scant 5 mm. long, hispid or granular, not winged; spikes slender-mucronate, in fruit 5X50 to 60 mm.; peduncle 15 mm. long, hirtellous; bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate- lacerate; berries rather large, globose, umbilicate; stigmas 2, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,279, collected at Quebradillas, Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica. altitude 1,800 meters, December 24, 1925, by Paul C, Standley (no. 42902). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Near Santa Maria de Dota, Standley 42891. San Pedro Montes de Oca to Curridabat, Standley 41285. 19la. Piper rotundibaccum fraijanesanum Trel., var. nov. Leaves becoming subovate, variable at base and sometimes cordulate; berries scarcely umbonate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,511, collected at Fraijanes, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,600 meters, February 12, 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 47669). RANGE: High centrai divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Fraijanes, Standley & Torres 47521, 47548, 47569. 192. Piper zonulatispicum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs slender, transiently retrorsely appressed-hispid, becominz pale-granular; leaves lanceloate, gradually long-acuminate, unequally rounded at base, 3.5 to 45X11 to 14 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle (nerves about 4X2), somewhat rugose in age, paler beneath, with the nerves appressed-hispid; petiole 5+2 mm. long, appressed-scabrid, not winged above the base; spikes 2X55 mm., pointed, conspicuously pale-banded by the rounded- subpeltate ciliolate bracts; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long, glabrous; ovary sub- globose-truncate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,636, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 51116). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 33641; Standley & Valerio 51336. Orosi, Standley 39812, 39893. 193. Piper ejuncidum Trel., sp. nov. A slender shrub; twigs retrorse-hirtellous, more hairy beneath the nodes; leaves lanceolate, long-attenuate, inequilaterally obtuse at base or semicordu- late, 2.5 to 3.5X9 to 12 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, crisp-pubescent beneath; petiole 8 or 10+2 mm. long, crisp-hispic, not winged; spikes 2X30 mm.; peduncle filiform, 20 mm. long, crisp-hirtellous ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,670, collected on the Cerro de las Caricias, above San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitud2 TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 165 2,300 meters, March 11, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. §2220). RancE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Above San Isidro, Standicy & Valerio 49773, 49784, 49863, 50260, 52095. Santa Maria de Dota, Standley 42391. 194. Piper dotanum Trel., sp. nov. A slender, spreading or subscandent, glabrous, pale-granular shrub; leaves lance-oblong, long-attenuate, somewhat unequally rounded at base, 2.5 to 3X8 to 11 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 4X2, dark green; petiole 3 mm. long, not winged; spikes 3X50 mm., blunt-mucronate; peduncle 10 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, glabrous. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,252, collected at Santa Marfa de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, December, 1926, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41739). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Standley 41849. 195. Piper pseudo-albuginiferum Trel., sp. nov. A delicate shrub; twigs transiently and sparsely crisp-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, unequally rounded at base or subcordulate, 3 to 5X11 to 18 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4X2 and sub- appressed-pubescent beneath; petiole 5+3 mm, long, somewhat crisp-pubescent, not winged; spikes (young) 2X30 mm., blunt, mucronate; peduncle 5 mm. long, glabrate; bracts transversely subpeltate, ciliolate, snowy on the back. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,605, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 50948). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 196, Piper verruculigerum Trel., sp. nov. An essentially glabrous, slender, white-granular shrub; leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, sharply and falcately long-acuminate, unequally rounded at base, 4 to 5X10 to 15 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5+4; petiole 5 mm. long, winged below; spikes scarcely 2X50 mm.; peduncle becoming 15 mm. long; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, n>. 1,307,440, collected at Quebrada Serena, Tilarfin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 700 meters. January 27, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Vilerio (no, 46239). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilarin, Standley & Valerio, 44487, 45048, 45212, 45549, 45679, 45711, 45724, 45940, 46188, ? 46217, 46233, 46420, 46458. 197. Piper verruculosum C. DC. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 4: 215. 1866. Piper nudicaule C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 162. 1897. TYPH LocaLiry: Mount Candelaria, Costa Rica (Hoffmann 8, the type). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tablazo, Tonduz 7922, the type of P. nudicaule. Paramo del Abejonal, Tonduz 7815. 198. Piper carpinteranum C. DC, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 165. 1897, TYPE LOCALITY: Cerro de la Carpintera, Costa Rica (Pittier d Tonduz 4348, the type). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 34427, 35551, 35669, 35571. El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Cartago, Standley 33629. Alto de la Estrella, Cartago,. Standley 39309. 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 199. Piper silvivagum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 162. 1897 TyPE LOCALITY: Boca del Rio Zhorquin, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8595, the type). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Shirores, Tonduz 9272. Tuis, Tonduz 11518. 200. Piper reptabundum C. DC. Bot. Gaz, 70: 169. 1920. Typp LOCALITY: Shirores, Talamanca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9277, the type). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 201. Piper flavirameum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 181. 1920. Type LOCALITY : La Palma, Costa Rica (Pittier 12510, the type). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 202. Piper pilibaccum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 179. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Matambu, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica (Cook ¢ Doyle 702, the type). RANGE: Pacific lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica. 2908. Piper urophyllum ©. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 170. 1897, Piper sarapiquinum C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 166. 1897, TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Tuis, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8159, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tuis, Tonduz 11524. Cartago, Polakowsky 385. Rio de las Vueltas, Tonduz 12764. Tsaki, Tonduz 9537. Talamanca, Tonduz 9284. Shirores, Tonduz 9266, 9276; Pittier 8275. Rio Sarapiqui, Biolley 7487, type ot P. sarapiquinum. Matina, Pittier 9742. Finca Montecristo, Standley & Valerio 48552. Siquirres, Pittier 3189. 204. Piper catacryptum Trel., sp. nov. Differs from P. urophyllum in its firmer, relatively broader leaves. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 38,069, collected at Rodeo de Pacaca, Costa Rica, January 12, 1891, by H. Pittier (no. 3293). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3266. El Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45224, 45266. Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 44805, 45704, 46645. La Tejona, Standley & Valerio 45818, 45858, 45913. El Silencio, Standley & Valerio 44594. Naranjos Agrios, Standley &€ Valerio 46422, 46491, 46530 with parasitized (7?) spike 5 mm. thick, as also in no. 45858. 205. Piper tractifolium Trel., sp, nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate, equilaterally acute at base, 3 to 4X7 to 11 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4X2, drying firm, dark green and glossy above, pale and somewhat glandular- granular beneath; petiole 10 mm, long, not winged; spikes 3X35 mm., mucro- nate; peduncle filiform, 10 mm. long; bracts triangular- or lunulate-subpeltate, iliate-lacerate; berries depressed-globose; stigmas 3, large, sessile. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,663, collected on the Cerro de las Caricias, above San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,200 meters, March 11, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 52052). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica, Costa Rica: Vicinity of San Isidro, Standley & Valerio 49918, 49952, 51945, 51957 ; 49122, 50064, with subobovate-lanceolate leaves. 205a. Piper tractifolium pubescens Trel., var. nov. A form with thinner leaves 4X12 cm., the nerves beneath and the young: axes sparsely crisp-pubescent. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 167 Type in the Botanical Garden Herbarium, Brussels, collected at La Palma, Costa Rica, by H. Pittier (no. 736). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. 206. Piper concinnifolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper concinnum Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper mombachanum Auct., as to Costa Rica. A glabrous shrub; leaves lanceolate or lance-elliptic, acuminate, subequilat- erally acute at base, 3 to 4.58 to 11 cm., pinnately nerved from far below the middle, the long-ascending nerves 2X2, with shorter nerves up to the upper fourth of the midrib, drying thin and veiny; petiole slender, 10 mm. long, not winged; spikes 1 to 2X40 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts inconspicuous, concave, subciliolate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 716,434, collected in the Colinas de Piedades, San Ramén, Costa Rica, altitude 1,100 meters, June 4, 1901, by A. M. Brenes (no. 14194). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About San Ramén, Brenes, 17765, 17769, 17782, 17783, 17784. Madregal de San Mateo, ? Jiménez 1073. Los Ayotes, Tilarin, Guanacaste, Standley & Valerio 45478. #07. Piper elliptico-lanceolatum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper aequale elliptico-lanceolatum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 171. 1920. Type LocaLity: Colinas de Piedades, San Ramon, Costa Rica (Brenes [not Pittier] 14185, the type). RaAncGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Brenes 14186, 14482. Cabagra, Pittier 6530. Cafias Gordas, ? Pittier 11202. Colinas de Chirrip6, ? Tonduz 14655. 208. Piper diquisanum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 185. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Headwaters of the Rio Diquis, Costa Rica (Pittier 10567, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: With the type, Pittier 10599. 209. Piper tenuispicum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 170. 1920. TYPE Locality: Trejos, Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Costa Rica (Tonduz 13187, the type). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Juan Vifias, Cook ¢ Doyle 294, 295. 210. Piper leptoneuron C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 184. 1920. TYPE LCCALITY: Santa Clara, Las Delicias, Costa Rica (Pittier 10675, the type). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Guapiles, Standley 37338. La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36740, 36756. 211. Piper xanthostachyum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 169. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Tuis, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8158, the type). Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 212. Piper stenocladum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 162. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Boruca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 6747 in part, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Valley of El General, ? Tonduz 3390. 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 213. Piper stenocladophorum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub, glabrous except for the puberulent nerves beneath; leaves lanceo- late-suboblong, acuminate, acute at base, 5 to 5.515 to 17 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4X2; petiole 10 mm. long, not winged; spikes 3X85 mm.; berries round, umbilicate. Type in the Botanical Garden Herbarium, Brussels, collected at Turrialba by A. Tonduz (no. 8316). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 214. Piper costaricense C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 328. 1869. TYPE LOCALITY: Aguacate, Costa Rica (Hoffmann 678, the type). RancE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Volein de Pots, Pittier 2958; Tonduz 10795. Rio Pods, Pittier 2387. Turrialba, ? Tonduz 41112. Rfo Ciruelas, Tonduz 2204. Las Céncavas, ? Lankester K5. 215. Piper heptaneurum Trel., sp. nov. A nodose glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong, caudate, acute-based, 412 em., firm and glossy, pinnately 7 nerved from the lower third; spikes (young) 2X25 mm. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 796,288, collected at Turrialba, Costa Rica, altitude 200 meters, May 6, 1891, by A. Tonduz (no. 4112). RANGE: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 216. Piper pablense Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lance- or subrhombic-ovate, acuminate, subcuneate. 4 to 5X8 to 10 cm., subpinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 3X2, drying thin; petiole 10 mm. long, slender, not winged; spikes: (young) 2X30 mm.; peduncle filiform, 5 mm. long; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,080,653, collected at San Pablo de Tarrazu, Costa Rica, March, 1918, by Otén Jiménez (no. 1094). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 217. Piper carnosicaule Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; twigs drying very sulcate; leaves subelliptic, long- acuminate, inequilaterally acute at base, 3.5 to 459 to 12 ecm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 5+4; petiole 5+2 mm. long, succulent, not winged; spikes 2X55 mm., obtuse; peduncle scant 10 mm. long, succulent; bracts lunulate, inconspicuous; berries oblong-trigonous; stigmas 3, linear, sessile, deciduous. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,625, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valer’o (no. 51050). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 218. Piper coarctatum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub; leaves lance-elliptic, attenuate, nearly equilaterally acute at base, 2.5 to 4X7 to 12 em., submultiple-nerved from the lower third, the nerves 3X2, drying green and coriaceous; petiole 5 mm. long, grooved but searcely winged; spikes 3X90 mm.; peduncle 5 to 7 mm. long; berries sub- globose, protruding, subpapillate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 1,229,688, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 meters, February 8, 9, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 33578). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cervantes, Cartago, Nogueira 11031. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 169 219. Piper tuisanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 163. 1897. TYPE LocALITY: Rio Tuis, Costa Rica (Pittier 8073, the type.) Rance: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. 220. Piper striatum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 345. 1872. Piper littorale C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 165. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘‘ Nicaragua ad flumen San José et ad Ar. Gramara,” Granada (Oersted 896, the type). RanGE: Caribbean boundary region between Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Costa Rica: Puerto Viejo, Talamanca, Tonduz 8736, type of P. littorale. Boca Banana, Tonduz 9130. Limén, Tonduz 9794; Pittier 3643; Cook & Doyle 438. 221. Piper guacimonum (C. DC.) Trel. Piper sepium guacimonum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 179. 1920. A shrub; twigs short-jointed, transiently puberulent; leaves elliptic, the lower ovate or suborbicular, rounded at base, 3.5 to 6X6.5 to 10.5 cm., pinnately or submultiple-nerved from below about the middle, the pale nerves 4 or 5X2, somewhat hirsute on the nerves beneath and dark-punctulate between them; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, sparsely crisp-hairy, winged to or beyond the middle; inflorescence unknown. Type in the herbarium of the Botanical Garden, Berlin, collected at Guicimo, Costa Rica, by A. Tonduz (no. 14656). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 222. Piper poasanum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 206. 1891. TYPE LocALiry: Volein de Pods (Pittier 2386, the type). RANGE: High mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Volein de Pods, Pittier 247. Las Nubes, Standley 38556, 38870. La Estrella, Cartago, Standley 39175, 39364. 223. Piper silvanorum Trel., sp. nov. A soft-wooded shrub; twigs very evanescently and sparingly hairy, pale- granular; leaves ovate, subacuminately attenuate, rounded or exceptionally subacute at base, 6 to 8X11 to 15, or becoming 11X20 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 5X2, appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath and somewhat granular between them, somewhat succulent; petiole 15 to 20 or 30 mm. long, thinly subvillous but glabrescent, winged to the middle; spikes 4 to 5X50 to 60 mm., mucronate; peduncle 15 to 20 mm, long, glabrous; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,454, collected in wet forest at Las Nubes, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,900 meters, March 21, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 38500). RANGE: High mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Above San Isidro, Heredia, Standley & Valerio 49917, 50026, 50043, 51562, 52116, 52230. 224. Piper linearifolium C. DC. Linnaea 37: 355. 1872. Piper lineatum Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper persicariaefolium Auct., as to Costa Rica. Type LocaLiry: Hacienda Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica (Oersted 868, the type). Rance: Central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Uzarréis, Oersted 835. Punta Mala, Tonduz 6787. Rio Ceibo, Tonduz 3612, 4896. Rio Corozal, Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Tonduz 9931 (J. D. Smith 7186). La Hondura, Standley 36171, 37562. Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 46836. Turrialba, Tonduz 4104, 8410. Juan Vifias, Tonduz 1848; Cook 170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM ¢ Doyle 305, 312. Rio Tuis, Tonduz 8162, 11529. Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12817. Shirores, Tonduz 9279. Carrillo Road, Biolley 3179. Carrillo, Cooper 559; Pittier 1198. Rio Zent, United Fruit Co. 347. Siquirres, Carleton 400. 225. Piper pseudo-lanceaefolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper lanceaefolium Auct., as to Costa Rica. A shrub; twigs sparsely villous or glabrescent; leaves somewhat inequi- laterally lanceolate, sharply long-acuminate, acute-based or with one side obtuse or subcordulate, 5X13 'to 16 cm., subpinnately nerved from the lower half, the impressed nerves 7 or 8X2, approximate downward, rugose or veiny, some- what appressed-pubescent or the upper side glabrous; petiole 5+2 mm. long, pubescent, winged; spikes 3125 to 150 mm., curved; peduncle slender, 20 to 80: mm, long, glabrate; bracts triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; berries obpyramidal- trigonous, small; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 798,273, collected at La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1,450 meters, September, 1898, by A. Tonduz (no. 12665). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica, Costa Rica: Santa Maria de Dota, Standley 41822; Standley & Valerio 43481. Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 35479. La Estrella, Standley 39239. Cerro de las Lajas, Heredia, Standley & Valerio 51410. Cerro de Zurqui, Heredia, Standley & Valerio 48046, 50622. Vara Blanca, between Volein de Pods ancl Barba, Mazon & Harvey 8375. Rio Pods, Pittier 2388. 226. Piper celtidifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 50. 1815. Piper aduncum Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper angustifolium Auct., as to Costa Rica. ? Piper confusum Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper elongatum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY : Caripe to Cumanacoa, Venezuela (Bonpland, in Herb. Willde- now, no. 664, the type). Range: The Guianas, coastwise to Panama and Nicaragua, chiefly on the Caribbean side of the Continent. Costa Rica: Without locality, Hndres 198. Boca Banana, Tonduz 9131. Boruca, Tonduz 3610, 4492, 6837. Buenos Aires, Pittier 3603; Tonduz 4897. Caflas Gordas, Pittier 11038. Carmen, Standley & Valerio 48393. Carrillo Road, Tonduz 2524. Cartago, Oersted 814. Curridabat, Standley 41276, Echeverria, Pittier 2548. Escast, Standley 32362. Juan Vifias. Cook & Doyle 293; Tonduz 1858; ? Pittier 3187. La Carpintera, Standley 34517, 35773. Las Céncavas. Lankester K312. La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36643. La Verbena, Standley 32300; Tonduz 8868. Las Pavas, Pittier 3185. Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 12748 (J. D. Smith 7562). Pejivalle, Standley € Valerio 46803, 46835, 46837 Peralta, Stevens 349. Piedra Blanea road, Tonduz 92b. Rio Birris, Pittier 3190. Rio Marfa Aguilar, Standley 38939. Rfo Naranjo, Tonduz 7534. Rodec de Pacaca, Pittier 1589, 3280; Tonduz 1595. San Francisco de Guadalupe, Tonduz 1778, 7182, 8021, 17953. San José, Pittier 3025; Standley 33248, 34820, 47356; Tonduz 780 (J. D. Smith 7299), 3024. San Pedro Montes de Oca tc Curridabat, Standley 41276. San Sebastian, Standley 32700. Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Tonduz 9970 (J. D. Smith 7141). Tres Rios, Pittier 92, Tuis Tonduz 11528 (J. D. Smith 7386). Shirores, Tonduz 9267. Zapote, Standley 40236. 227. Piper disparispicum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs gray-hirsute; leaves lance-oblong, gradually pointed rather than acuminate, inequilaterally cordulate, 6X19 em., scabrid, the nerves beneath upcurved-hirsute ; peduncle 15 mm. long. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 171 Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,336, collected at Escast, Prov- ince of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,250 meters, January 29, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 32319). RaNGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 228. Piper aduncifolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum subsessilifolium Auct., as to Costa Rica. Piper hispidum olfersianum Auct., as to Costa Rica. A shrub; twigs subretrorsely hispid; leaves broadly elliptic-suboblong, acumi- nate, subequilaterally rounded at base or somewhat cordulate, 5 to 7.5xX14 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 7X2, gradually approximate downward, granular-scabrous above and somewhat hispid on the nerves, loosely silky beneath with upcurved-pubescent nerves; petiole 5 mm. long, hispid, not winged; spikes 3115 mm., either straight or arcuate; pe- duncle 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts transversely subpeltate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,398, collected at Carrillo, Costa Rica, altitude 300 meters, September 8, 1889, by H. Pittier (no. 1196). RANGE: Caribbean piedmont of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Carrillo Road, Tonduz 2532. Santa Clara, Las Delicias, Biolley 10671. 229. Piper cartagoanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 350. 1872. Type LocALITy: Cartugo, Costa Rica (Oersted 829, the type). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 230. Piper sepicola C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 202. 1891. Typr Locality: Turrialba, Costa Rica (Tonduz 4114, the type). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 231. Piper gonagricum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrescent and pale-granular; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, equilaterally or obliquely obtuse at base, 4 to 5X9 to 10 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, granular-scabrous above, the nerves about 5X2, hirsute beneath; petiole 5 or 4+4 mm. long, sparsely hirsute, be- coming somewhat granular; spikes 3 to 4X50 to 85 mm.; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrate; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries subcylindric, puber- ulent; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Harbarium, no. 1,307,566, collected at Yerba Buena, nbove San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 meters, Feb- ruary, 1928, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 49082). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de Zurqui, San Isidro, Standley & Valerio 50261. El Tablazo, Tonduz 7921. Zurqui, Standley & Valerio 48028, 48142. 232. Piper pejivallense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs hispid; leaves subelliptic-ovate, acuminate, inequilateral at base with the shorter side acute, 4 to 5X9.5 to 10.5 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, microscopically granular above and lepidote, the nerves about 5+4, pale-hirsute beneath; petiole 5 to 10 mm. long, not winged, hirtellous or hispid; spikes 3X70 mm.; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long, hirtellous; bracts sub- triangular-subpeltate, ciliate; berries oblong, puberulent; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,472, collected at Pejivalle, Province of Cartago, Gosta Rica, altitude 900 meters, February 7, 8, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 46727). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Pejivalle, Standley &€ Valerio 47070. 172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 233. Piper curvipilum Trel. Piper hirsutum pallescens C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307: 204. 1891. Type LOCALITY: Aguacaliente, Costa Rica (Tonduz 2530, the type). RANGE: Reventazoén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tuis, Tonduz 8168, 11527 (J. D. Smith 7335). Las Vueltas, Tonduz 12781, 13126. Aragén, Tonduz 9013. Suerre, Santa Clara, J. D. Smith 6750. Cuesta de La Vieja, Cook & Doyle ? 108, 109. 234. Piper pergeniculatum Trel., sp. nov. A nodose shrub; twigs zig-zag, dingy-hispid; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminate, subequilaterally acute at base, 6X 15 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6X2, scabrous above, softly appressed-pubescent beneath ; petiole 10 mm. long, hispid, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts round- or transversely subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 798,238, collected at Cafias Gordas, Costa Rica, altitude 1,100 meters, February, 1897, by H. Pittier (no, 11033). RANGE: Caribbean slope of eastern Costa Rica. 235. Piper genuflexum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub ; twigs zig-zag, white villous-hirsute ; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminate, nearly equilaterally acute at base, 4 to 6X13 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half (nerves about 5X2), white-scabrous above, the nerves hispid on both sides; petiole scarcely 10 mm. long, hispid, not winged; spikes 3X75 mm. ; peduncle 5 mm. long, subhispid; bracts lunulate-subpeltate, white-ciliate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,263, collected at Santa Rosa del Copey, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 meters, February, 1928, by A. Tonduz (no. 11687). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Uruca, ? Tonduz 6354. 236. Piper echeverrianum Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum magnifolium Auct., as to western Costa Rica. A shrub; twigs retrorsely hispid; leaves elliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally acute at base, 6 to 7.5 X 18 to 15 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half (the nerves about 6+5), granular-scabrous and somewhat lepidote above, dark-granular beneath with hispid nerves, becoming rugose; petiole some 10+3 mm. long, sparsely hirsute, not winged; spikes about 3X80 to 150 mm.; peduncle 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrate; bracts round-subpeltate, dingy-ciliolate ; berries oblong, puberulent; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 796,295, collected at Echeverria, Costa Rica, May, 1890, by H. Pittier (no, 2547). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El. General, Pittier 3387, 3388, 3394. San Ramén, Brenes 14195; Tonduz 17774. Buenos Aires, Pittier 3607 in part, 4895, 4903. Alajuela Alfaro 498 (J. D. Smith 5919). Térraba, Tonduz 3595; Pittier 3608. Nicoya, ? Tondu: 13691. La Argentina, ? Jiménez 1139. 237. Piper reventazonis Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs subvillous-hirsute; leaves elliptic-subovate, acuminate, ob- liquely obtuse at base, 5 to 7X11 to 15 em,, pinnately nerved from the lower half, nerves about 5X2, rugose, scabrous above from the. bases of long hairs, loosely soft-hirsute beneath; petiole 8+2 mm. long, hirsute; spikes 2X80 to 100 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts lunulate;subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 474,115, collected at Juan Vifias, Costa Rica, altitude 1,000 meters, April 25, 1908, by O. F. Cook and C. B. Doyle (no. 306). TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 173 RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. sosTA Rica: Juan Vifias, Cook & Doyle 349; Pittier 1868, 3187. 238. Piper pseudofuligineum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 355. 1872. TYPE LocaLiry;: Mount Candelaria, Costa Rica (Oersted 887, the type). RanGE: Central Costa Rica. 239, Piper bisasperatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs quickly glabrescent, with intermingled coarse and fine warts; leaves obliquely ovate, acuminate, obtuse at base, 6 to 8X15 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, becoming rugose, granular- roughened, with caducoug pubescence, the somewhat punctulate lower side hir- sute on the nerves; petiole 12+3 mm. long, subvillous but glabrescent and granular, not winged; spikes 360 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, minutely rough- ened; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 1,229,396, collected on the Cerro de la Carpintera, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,850 meters, February, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 35723). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de la Carpintera, Pittier & Tonduz 4349 ; Standley 34272, 30082, 35587, 35692, 835739. San Isidro Coronado, Alfaro 34002, 34012. Yerba Buena, above San Isidro, Standley & Valerio 49226, 49697, 49714. Cerros de Zurqui, Standley & Valerio 50293, 50413. Cerro de las Caricias, Standley € Valerio 52002, 52030, 52053, 52110, 52185. El Muinieco, Standley € Valerio 51241, 51251. La Estrella, Cartago, ? Standley 39219, 39228, 39339. #240. Piper pavasense Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs hispid-hirsute; leaves subelliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally rounded at base, 6 to 9X15 to 16 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, scabrous above from the bases of deciduous appressed hairs, granular beneath and hirsute on the nerves, becoming subrugose;: petiole 5+3 mm. long, hirsute, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hispid or subglabrescent ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,872, collected at Las Pavas, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 900 meters, May, 1890, by H. Pittier (no. 3188). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Pavas, Pittier 3184, with subvillous pubescence; 3192; 0194, with acute-based leaves 9 to 10.5X19 to 20 cm., the nerves beneath scarcely more than puberulent. 241. Piper talamancanum Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum pallens Auct., p. p. A shrub; twigs gray-subvillous; leaves inequilaterally lance-elliptic, acu- minate, subacute at base, 6 to 8X16 to 18 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, somewhat rugose, scabrous above from the bases of appressed hairs, upcurved-hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole 10 mm. long, white-hairy, not winged; spikes 2 to 3X70 to 80 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, hirsute. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,234, collected at Shirores, Province of Talamanca, Costa Rica, altitude 100 meters, February, 1895, by A. Tonduz (no. 9274) ; also sheet no. 796,389, RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Shirores, Tonduz 9284. Rfo Zhorquin, Tonduz 8587, 8592. Siquirres, ? Pittier 3181. 66747—29—_5 174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 242. Piper cookii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs drying dark, for a time rusty-subvillous; leaves inequilaterally lanceolate, acuminate, the narrowed base subobtuse, 4 to 5x10 to 12 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5+4, granular-scabrous above, paler beneath with appressed-pubescent nerves ; petiole 5+2 mm. long, rusty-hirsute, not winged; spikes (young) 2X55 mm.; peduncle 10 mm, long, soft-hairy ; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 474,200, collected at Turrialba, Costa Rica, by O. F. Cook and C. B. Doyle (no, 376). Ranee: Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 243. Piper tsuritkubense Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum magnifolium Auct., in part as to Costa Rica. A shrub; twigs hispid-hirsute , leaves obliquely elliptic-ovate, acuminate, rounded or exceptionally acute at base, 6 to 9X13 to 19 cm., pinnately nerve from the lower half or two-thirds, the nerves about 6+5, at most obscurely rugose, white-scabrous above, the nerves beneath hirsute; petiole 5+3 to 10+5 mm. long, hispid-hirsute, not winged; spikes 3X100 mm.,; peduncle 10 mm. long; hispid; bracts lunulate-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 796,568, collected at Tsuritkub, Talamanca, Costa Rica, March, 1894, by A. Tonduz (no, 8616). RANGE: Lower Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tsuritkub, Tondus 8609, 8654, 8718. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Biolley 6917, acute-based ; 7435. Tuis, Tonduz 8074, acute-based ; 16527. Boca de Zhorquin, Tonduz 8587. Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Tonduz 13127. Tsaki. Tonduz 9534, 9535. Hacienda de la Estrella, United Fruit Co. 184. Rio Hondo. Santa Clara, Cook & Doyle 486. 244, Piper subquadratum Trel., sp. nov. A glabrous shrub with pale-granular rooting branches; leaves subquadrately elliptic-ovate, acuminate, obliquely obtuse at base, 5 to 7X12 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, more or less granular and lepidote above ; petiole about 5 mm. long; spikes some 2X70 mm. ; peduncle seant 5 mm. long. Type in the U. 58. National Herbarium, no. 796,209, collected at Rio Ariei, Talamanca, Costa Rica, February, 1895, by A. Tonduz (no, 9387 in part). RANGE: Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tsaki, Tonduz 9536. Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui River, Biolley 6914. La Palma, ? Pittier 12546. 245. Piper machucanum Trel., sp. Nov. A shrub; twigs rusty-subvillous ; leaves lance-ovate, acuminate, inequilater- ally obtuse or exceptionally acute at base, 7X16 to 9X20 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, scabrous above from the bases of long white hairs, and with soft long hairs beneath, becoming rugose ; peticle about 7+3 mm. long, hispid; spikes 2 to 3x60 to 120 or 150 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts rounded-subpeltate. Type in the Botanical Garden Herbarium, Brussels, collected at San Mateo, on the Rfo Machuca, Costa Rica, by P. Biolley (no. 4068, “1168’’). Rance: Lower Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Punta Mala, ? Tonduz 6784, 6820. 246. Piper laevius (©. DC.) Trel. Piper hirsutum lacvius Cc. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 204, 1891. Type LOCALITY: Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Pittier 496, the type). Ranou: Pacific coast of Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 175 247. Piper granulatum Trel., sp. noy. A shrub; twigs retrorsely white-hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, obliquely rounded at base, 3.5 to 45X12 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5+4, granular-scabrous above, subappressed-hirsute on the nerves beneath; petiole 10 mm. long, hirsute, not winged; spikes 3X80 to 90 mm.; peduncle scant 10 mm. long, white-hairy; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries oblong, glabrate; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,264, collected at Buenos Aires, Costa Rica, altitude 250 meters, February, 1891, by H. Pittier (no. 3593). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Riea. Costa Rica: Buenos Aires, Vonduz 4894. Boruca, Tonduz 3598, 3614. San- tiago, San Ramon, ? Tunduz 17768. Quebrada de la Ardilla, San Marcos, Tonduz 7556. Cabagra, Tonduz 6531. 248. Piper anguillaespicum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrous, somewhat pale-granular; leaves elongate-lance- olate, subcaudately pointed, subacute at base, 4X13 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the impressed nerves about 6X2, granular-roughened and at first short-hairy above, appressed-hispid beneath; petiole 5 mm. long, hirtellous and granular, not winged; spikes flexuous, filiform, 290 mm., with slender sterile tip; peduncle 15 mm, long, glabrescent and granular; bracts roundish-subpeltate, minute, ciliolate; ovary subglobose, roughened; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,080,176, collected near San Ramon, Costa Rica, altitude 900 to 950 meters, by A. M. Brenes (no. 14197). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 249. Piper dumeticola C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 164. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Boruca, Costa Rica (Tonduz 4490, the type). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Boruca, Tonduz 4106, 4107, 4491, 4780. Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3297. El Bolsén, Guanacaste, Pittier 2611. Los Frailes, Tonduz 7876. San Marcos, Tonduz 7554, 7761. 250. Piper oblanceolatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs snowy-villous but glabrescent ; leaves oblanceolate, acuminate, the narrowed base obliquely rounded, 4.515 em., pinnately nerved from be- low about the middle, the nerves 6X2, scabrous above, soft-hairy on the nerves beneath with the hairs spreading near the base; petiole 4+2 mm. long, white- villous, not winged; spikes (young) 2X20 mm., on short hairy peduncles; bracts transversely subpeltate, ciliate-lacerate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,380, collected at Los Ayotes, Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 650 meters, January 21, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45558). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Guanacaste, Pittier 2611. Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3297, 250a. Piper oblanceolatum fragilicaule Trel., var. nov. Leaves lanceolate, the nerves beneath as well as the petiole appressed-hispid. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,807,361, collected at El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 meters, January 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45228). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 251. Piper comatum Trel. Piper hirsutum longepilosum C. DC. Anal, Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 160. 1897. Not P. longepilosum C. DC. 176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Typp LocaLity: Rfo Corozal, Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9932, the type). Range: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Corozal, Tonduz 7137. Matina, Pittier 10309. 252. Piper salinasanum C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30’: 214. 1891. TYPE LOCALITY: Salinas Bay, Costa Rica (Pittier 2775, the type). Rance: Pacific lowlands of northwestern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Nicoya, Cook & Doyle 668. Capulin, Rio Grande de Tiarcoles, Standley 40165. 253. Piper griseo-pubens Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs suberisply hirtellous, but glabrescent; leaves elliptic-ovate or subobovate, short-acuminate, 6 to 6.512 to 18 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 6+5, appressed-pubescent above with hard- based soft pale hairs, softly appressed-pubescent beneath; petiole 7+4 mm. long, somewhat crisp-hirtellous, not winged; spikes (very young) 1X10 mm., gray-pubescent. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,328, collected at Libano, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 300 meters, January 15, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44879). RanaeE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 253a. Piper griseo-pubens revocabile Trel., var. nov. Leaves ovate to subquadrately oblanceolate-obovate, 6 to 8X14 to 18 ecm.: spikes 3X50 mm. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, neo. 1,307,338, collected at Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, January, 1926, by Paul G. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44943). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 254. Piper leucophlebium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs villous-hirsute, but glabrescent and slightly granular; leaves broadly lanceolate, subfalcate-acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 6 to 7.514 to 20 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the pale nerves about 7+6, becoming rugose, scabrous above from the bases of fine long white hairs, softly villous-hirsute beneath; petiole 10 or 12+3 mm. long, upcurved-hairy, not winged; spikes 360 to 70 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, retrorsely subvillous ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,301, collected at Tilardn, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, January, 1926, by Paul. C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44277). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilarfin, Standley & Valerio 45908, 46596. 255. Piper scalpens Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum parvifolium Auct., p. p. A shrub; twigs sparsely gray-hispid, granular-roughened; leaves lanceolate or subelliptic-oblong, acuminate, obliquely rounded or subacute at base, 4x0 to 11 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4 or 5X2, very white-scabrous above, minutely punctulate beneath and hispid on the nerves ; petiole 5+2 mm. long, hairy, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, somewhat hairy; bracts round-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,405, collected at San José, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,100 meters, July, 1896, by A. Tonduz (no. 10154). Also distributed by John Donnell Smith as no. 7312. RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 177 256. Piper spicilongum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs appressed-hispid; leaves elliptic-ovate or subobovate, acumi- nate, obliquely obtuse at base, 6 to 11X15 to 19 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6X2, obscurely rugose, granular and lepidote above, the nerves beneath hispid; petiole 10 to 20 mm. long, hispid, not winged; spikes 2 to 3X125 mm.; peduncle about 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts rounded- subpeltate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,390 (also represented by no. 796,391), collected at Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, March, 1896, by A. Tonduz (no. 9962). Distributed also by John Donnell Smith as no. 7140. Rance: Pacific lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Surubres, San Mateo, Biolley 1051. 257. Piper trichophlebium Trel. Piper hirsutum tonduzii C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 307%: 2038. 1891. Not P. tonduzii C. DC. Type LocALiry: Aserri, Costa Rica (Toenduz 1270, the type). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San Pedro Road, San José, Tonduz 1409. La Palma, Standley 33094; Tonduz 12588. La Palma to La Hondura, Maxon & Harvey 7992. La Hondura, Standley 36133, 36578. Carrizal, Volcin de Barba, Pittier 792. Ala- juelita, Tonduz 1467. Rio Ciruelas. Tonduz 2198. San José, Pittier 10654. Rio Maria Aguilar, San José, Standley 38957. Aguacaliente, Pittier 64. 258. Piper caudatifolium Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs sparsely hispid or subglabrescent and finely pale-granular ; leaves lance- or oblong-elliptic, long-acuminate, obliquely rounded at base, 8 to 4X9 to 10 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, granular-scabrous, the nerves about 5X2, with spreading rusty hairs beneath; petiole 5+2 mm. long, h spid, not winged; spikes 2 to 3X60 to 80 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, glabrate; bracts round-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries oblong, puberulent; stigmas 3, minute, sessile. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,382, collected at Las Pavas, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 800 meters, November, 1890, by H. Pittier (no. 3191). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. 259, Piper torresanum Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum pallescens Auct., p. p. A shrub; twigs glabrous, scarcely granular; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or subacute at base, 4 to 6X13 to 15 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, white-scaprous above and somewhat hispid on the nerves, the nerves beneath appressed-gray-pubescent; petiole 5 to 7+3 mm. long, white-hispid, not winged; spikes (young) 3X50 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, glabrous; bracts round-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 796,388, collected on the Rio Torres, San Francisco de Guadalupe, Costa Rica, altitude 1,170 meters, November 25, 1894, by A. Tonduz and H. Pittier (no. 8971). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Tablazo, ? Tonduwz 7921. 260. Piper inhorrescens Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs dingy-subtomentose, pale-granular when denuded; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, inequilaterally rounded at base, 3.5 to 4.59 to 13 em.,, pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, pubescent above with soft hairs but becoming very rough in age from their enlarging granular bases, dingy hirsute-villous beneath; petiole 5+2 to 5 mm. long, crisp-hairy, 178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM not winged; spikes 4X75 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, crisp-pubescent ; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,707, collected at Las Pavas, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,070 meters, February 29, 1924, by Pauli C. Standley (no. 36083). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Las Pavas, Standley 36068. La Verbena, Standley 32204. 261. Piper squali-pelliculum Trel., sp. nov. Piper salinasanum subscabrifolium ©, DC, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 164. 1897. Piper salinasanum subscabridifolium ©. DC. Candollea 1: 275. 1923. (Name only.) A shrub; twigs loosely soft-hirsute to subglabrescent and pale-granular ; leaves inequilaterally lanceolate, long-attenuate, the longer side somewhat cordu- late, 7 to 8X20 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, becoming rugose, shagreen-roughened above from the bases of pointed hairs, the nerves beneath soft-hirsute ; petiole about 5+5 mm. long, soft-h'rsute, not winged; spikes 3X90 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, sparsely soft-hairy and pale-granular ; bracts transversely subpeltate, ciliate. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Virilla, San José (Tonduz 10126, the type). Ranoe: High central divide of Costa Rica. ‘osta Rica: Near San José, Tonduz 7300, 12729. La Palma, Standley 38216. 262. Piper verbenanum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 165. 1897. Piper salinasanum verbenanum C. DC, Candollea 1: 97. 1923. Piper mollicomum Auct., as to Costa Rica. TypH LOCALITY: La Verbena, near Alajuelita, San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 8867, the type). Rance: High central divide, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: La Verbena, Tonduz 8869, 8870; Standley 32208, 32228, 32294. Cerro de la Carpintera, Hoffmann 349. 263. Piper valetudinarii Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs subretrorsely or crisp-hispid; leaves lance-ovate, acuminate, obliquely rounded at base or subcordulate, 5 to 7 X13 to 15 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, white-scabrous above, granular beneath and upcurved-hispid on the nerves, little rugose; petiole scant 7+4 mm, long, hispid, not winged; spikes 3x60 to 70 mm.; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long, hispid; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 471,728, collected near the hospital at San José, Costa Rica, January 2, 1893, by A. Tonduz (no, 7235); also represented by no. 796,362. Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. 264. Piper submolle Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs rather soft-hairy; leaves lanceolate, gradually attenuate, almost equilaterally rounded at base, 5.5 to 7X17 to 20 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6X2, white-scabrous above from the bases of rather short and soft hairs, the nerves beneath appressed-hairy ; petiole 10 mm. long, soft-hairy, not winged; spikes 3X80 mm., zonulate; pe duncle 7 mm. long, appressed-pubescent; bracts conspicuous, triangular-subpel- tate; berries obconic; stigmas 8, minute, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,521, collected at Carmen, Provinee of LimGén, Costa Rica, altitude 30 meters, February 20, 1896, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48363). RancGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Riea. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 179 265. Piper carminis Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs retrorsely hirsute, pale-granular about the nodes; leaves obliquely broadly elliptic, acuminate, obtuse at base, 4.5 to 7 X11 to 14 cm., pin- nately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, white-granular and with scattered soft hard-based hairs above, appressed-rough-hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole 3 or 5+3 mm. long, upcurved-hirsute, not winged; spikes 2.5X55 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, verruculose-hispid; bracts roundish-sub- peltate, ciliolate, Type in the U, S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,522, collected at Carmen, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 30 meters, February 20, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48383). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. 266. Piper coronatibracteum ‘Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs sparsely upcurved-hirsute ; leaves subovate-elliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 7X10 to 13 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, roughish appressed-pubescent above with short thick-based hairs, the nerves beneath upcurved-hirsute; petiole scarcely 4+4 mm. long, upcurved-hirsute, not winged ; spikes (young) 38X55 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, glabrescent; bracts round-subpeltate, brown, with a conspicuous narrow fimbriulate white margin. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,565, collected at Hamburg Finea, Province of Lim6én, Costa Rica, altitude 55 meters, February 19, 1926. by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no, 48844). RancE: Caribbean lowlands, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Finea Montecristo, Standley € Valerio 48651. Carmen Station, Standley & Valerio 48383. 267. Piper subhirsutum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs transiently hispid, pale-granular; leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 512.5, becoming 8X18 em., pin- nately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6-+5, granular and very lepidote above, punctulate beneath and with upeurved-hispid nerves; petiole 10+5 mm. long, hispid-hirsute, not winged; spikes 3100 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hirtellous; bracts roundish-subpeltate, c.liolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,406, collected at La Colom- biana Farm, Province of Limén, Costa Rica, altitude 70 meters, March 6, 7, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 36642). RancE: Caribbean lowlands, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Limon, Stevens 896. 267a. Piper subhirsutum tomentosicaule Trel., var. nov. Differs in its dingy-subtomentose axes and brown-velvety nerves. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,421, collected at La Colom- biana Farm, Province of Lim6én, Costa Rica, altitude 70 meters, March, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 36821). RANGE: With the type. 268. Piper scintillans Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs retrorsely white-hispid; leaves subelliptic-ovate or sub- quadrately obovate, acum‘nate, with the narrowed base inequilateral and acute at least on one side, 8 to 10X18 to 21 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6X2, glistening-punctulate above, microscopically scintillating beneath and with upcurved-hirsute nerves; petiole 5+3 mm. long, upcurved- hirsute, not winged; spikes 3X80 to 100 mm.; peduncle scarcely 10 mm. long, hirtellous; bracts subpeltate. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,564, collected at Hamburg Finca, Prov-nce of Lim6én, Costa Rica, altitude 50 meters, February 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 48828). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Finca Montecristo, Standley &€ Valerio 48401, 48468, 48508, 48554, 48637. La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36642, 36707, 36746, 36792, 36814, 36984. Hacienda Parismina, ? Jiménez 1042. 269. Piper fusco-granulatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; flowering internodes rather short and moderately stout, brownish- hirsute; leaves elliptic, sharply acuminate, obliquely subcordulate, about 9X18 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 6X2, becoming slightly rugose, brown-granular and with hirtellous nerves above, softly crisp- pubescent beneath; petiole 10+3 mm. long, hispid, not winged; spikes 3100 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, hispid; bracts rounded-subpeltate, ciliolate; berries oblong; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 861,553, collected at Hacienda de Zent, Costa Rica, by the United Fruit Company (no, 269). RANGE: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Victoria Farm, near Hacienda de Zent, Tonduz 14654, 270. Piper baculiferum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs hispid, becoming pale-granular; leaves obliquely subelliptic, somewhat acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 6X9 to 12 or even 8X16 to 19 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5+4, granular and very lepidote above, minutely granular beneath with subap- pressed-hirsute nerves ; petiole scant 7+3 mm. long, sparsely subhirsute; spikes 2.5 to 3X90 to 115 mm.; peduncle slender, 10 to 25 mm. long, hirtellous and pale-punctulate; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,342, collected at El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 meters, January 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45052). Ran@e: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Arenal, Standley & Valerio 45154, 45192, 45226, 45264. Na- ranjos Agrios, Guanacaste, Standley & Valerio 46462. 271, Piper rectamentum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs canescently upcurved-hispid with hard-based hairs; leaves subelliptic, short-acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse or subacute at base, 4.5 to 6X12 to 14 cm., pinnately nerved from.the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, granular-scabrid above, white-areolate beneath with the nerves arcuate-hispid ; petiole 10 to 15 mm. long, ashen, not winged; spikes 3110 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, gray-hispid; bracts round- or triangular-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,363, collected at El Arenal, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 500 meters, January 18, 19, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45237). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. 272. Piper punctiunculatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs scabro-hispid; leaves obliquely elliptic, acuminate, inequilat- erally obtuse or subacute at base, 6 to 10X13 to 19 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6-5, microscopically white-punctulate and lepidote above, the nerves subappressed-hispid beneath and the surface punctu- late; petiole 8 to 10+2 to 5 mm. long, hispid, brown-granular, not winged; spikes 2.5 to 3X80 to 115 mm.; peduncle about 5 mm. long, glabrescent and granular-roughened; bracts round-subpeltate, ciliolate. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 181 Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,393, collected at Tilaran, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 600 meters, January, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 45712). Ran@eE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilarfin, Standley &€ Valerio 44975, 45048, 46084. Los Ayotes, Standley & Valerio 44725, 45473. 273. Piper emollitum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs evanescently pubescent, pale-granular; leaves lance-oblong, acuminate, inequilaterally acute at base, 5 to 7.518 to 20 cm., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, the nerves about 6X2, finely granular and lepidote, the nerves beneath appressed-hispid at least upward; petiole 10 mm. long, glabrous, granular; spikes 3X60 to 70 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, glabrous, pale-dotted; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,315, collected at El Silencio, Tilarin, Province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica, altitude 750 meters, January 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 44650). RANGE: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: About Tilaran, Standley & Valerio 44637, 46205. 274. Piper injucundum Trel.,, sp. noy. A shrub; twigs drying dark, softly appressed- or crisp-pubescent; leaves sub- elliptic, acuminate, slightly inequilaterally obtuse or subacute at base, 5.5 to 7X12 to 14 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 4X2, dark- granular and finely lepidote above, appressed-pubescent on the nerves beneath, drying thin and bronzed beneath; petiole 3 to 5 mm. long, crisp-pubescent ; spikes (young) 2X20 mm., on short glabrate peduncles; bracts round-sub- peltate, the fuscous margin ciliclate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,649, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 51351). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 274a. Piper injucundum praepubinervium Trel., var. nov. Pubescence less crisp, the nerves granular-puberulent above. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,807,627, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 51067). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Mufeco, Standley & Torres 51189. Pejivalle, Cartago, Stand- ley ¢& Valerio 46856, 46900, 46981, 47162. 274b. Piper injucundum praecalvinervium Trel., var. nov. Pubescence less crisp than in the type, the twigs becoming pale-granular especially at the nodes; young spikes 2X40 mm. with sterile gray-hairy tip 2 mm. long. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no, 1,307,628, collected at El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 51101). RancE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. 275. Piper albuginiferum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs retrorsely hispid; leaves lance-elliptic, acuminate, inequi- laterally rounded at base, 4 to 5X10 to 11 cm., pinnately nerved from below the upper third, rugose, white-granular-scabrous, the nerves about 6+5, beneath upcurved-white-hispid; petiole 3+3 mm. long, upeurved-hispid, not winged; spikes (young) 2X30 mm., with sterile tip 2 mm. long; peduncle 5 mm. long, 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM glabrate, obscurely punctulate; bracts sublunulately subpeltate, ciliolate, the snowy margin forming a conspicuous prominence when young. Type in the U. 8, National Herbarium, no. 1,307,629, collected at El Muneco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, March 6, 7, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no, 51102). Range: Upper Reventazén Va.ley, Costa Rica. 276. Piper phanerolepidum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs hispid, pale-granular at the nodes; leaves narrowly lanceo- late and subacute ut base to ovate and rounded at base, gradually acuminate, 4 to 5X10 to 12 or 14 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves 5-+4, salient beneath and appressed-hispid, the upper surface coarsely white- scabrous; petiole 5 to 7 mm, long, appressed-hairy or glabrescent and pale- granular; spikes 3X50 to 60 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, glabrous and pale- granular; bracts rounded-subpeltate, small but with conspicuous pale-ciliolate margin. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,352, collected at El Munieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 meters, February 8, 9, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 3838570). Rance: Upper Reventaz6én Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Muiieco, Standley 33448; Standley & Valerio 51039. 277. Piper lanatibracteum Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum carpinterae C, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 160. 1897. A shrub; twigs glabrous or quickly glabrescent, pale-granular; leaves lance: ovate or elliptic, sharply acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 5X 10 to 12 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, coarsely white-granular- scabrous above, the nerves about 5+4, divaricately hirsute beneath; petiole about 5-+2 mm. long, hirtellous er glabrescent and pale-granular, not winged ; spikes 4X60 to 65 mm.; peduncle 3 to 6 mm. long, glabrate, pale-granular ; bracts round-subpeltate, rather large, sublanately ciliate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 1,229,345, collected at El Munieco, Rio Navarro, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,400 meters, February 8, 9, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 33419). Rance: Upper Reventazoén Valley and high divide, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Muieco, Standley & Torres 51119. Cartago, Torres 56. Cerro de la Carpintera, Pittier “ 4339," 4849, type of Piper hirsutum carpinterae ; Standley 35739. San Isidro Coronado, Alfaro 34002, 34012. 278. Piper lanosibracteum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs from retrorsely hispid glabrescent and finely pale-granular ; leaves lance-ovate or elliptic, acuminate, unequally rounded at base, 4.5 to 5.510 to 15 cm., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5+-4, dark-punciulate and finely scabrous above, the nerves upcurved-hispid beneath ; petiole 5+3 or 10 mm. long, upcurved-hirsute; spikes 3 to 4x60 to 80 mm.; peduncle 15 to 20 mm. long, hirtellous; bracts round-subpeltate, rather large, sublanately ciliate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 1,307,575, collected on the Rio Reventado, Cartago, Costu Rica, altitude 1,500 meters, February 26, 1926, by Paul GC. Standley and Juvenal Valerio (no. 49457). RANGE: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Reventado, Standley & Valerio 49435, 49450, 49482. 279. Piper pullibracteatum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrous, obscurely glandular-punctulate, becoming pale- granular; leaves lanceolate-oblanceolate, long-acuminate, inequilaterally acute TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 183 at base, 4 to 5X13 to 15 em., pinnately nerved from somewhat below the middle, the nerves about 6-+-5, granular-scabrous above, dark-punctulate beneath with the nerves spreading-hirsute; petiole 7+3 mm. long, glabrate, finely granular, not winged; spikes (young) 8X40 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, glabrous, slightly punctulate; bracts roundish-subpeltate, conspicuous, brown, ciliate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,471, collected at La Estrella, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, March 26, 27, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 39236). Rance: Upper Reventazén Valley, Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 35496, 280. Piper fusco-bracteatum Trel., sp, nov. A shrub; twigs from staring-hispid glabrescent and pale-granular; leaves. lanceolate, attenuate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 5.5 to 7X15 to 18 em., pinnately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 5X2, granular-scabrous above, spreading-hirsute on the nerves beneath and sparsely hirtellous between them; petiole 10, 10+2, or 15 mm. long, upeurved-subhirsute, pale-granular, not winged; spikes 3X60 mm.; peduncle 5 mm. long, glabrous, somewhat gran- ular; bracts conspicuous, roundish-subpeltate, brown, ciliate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,678, collected on the Cerro de Piedra Blanea, HEscasti, Provinee of San José, Costa Rica, January 31, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 32631). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 281. Piper curridabatanum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs at most transiently pilose at the nodes, green- or pale- granular; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, inequilaterally acute at base, 4.5: to 6.512 to 16 em., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 5X2, minutely granular-roughened and at length lepidote above, the nerves hirsute beneath; petiole 12+3 to 18+3 mm. long, transiently hirsute, granular; spikes becoming 4X80 mm.; peduncle 5 to 7 or exceptionally 15 mm. long, glabrous, granular; bracts rounded-subpeltate, brown, ciliate; berries sub- quadrately obovoid, papillate, black; stigmas 3, sessile. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 1,229,339, collected between San Pedro Montc«s de Oca and Curr.dibat, Province of San José, Costa Rica, alti- tude 1,200 meters, February 2, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 32787). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 282. Piper capacibracteum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs retrorse-upcurved, hirsute-subvillous; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, inequilaterally obtuse at base, 4.5 to 6.5X14 to 16 ecm., pin-: nately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, appressed-pubescent above, becoming granular-scabrous softly hairy beneath, becoming more or less rugose; petiole about 10+5 mm. long, upcurved-hairy; spikes. 4X75 mm,, zonate; peduncle 15 to 20 mm. long, retrorsely hispid; bracts roundish-sub- peltate, large, pale, ciliate. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,249, collected between Aserri and Tarbaca, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,200 to 1,700 meters, December 6, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41397). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Santa Maria de Dota, Standley & Valerio 43121, 43245, 43246, 41812, 41839, 41861, 42457, 42836, with shorter peduncle and subacute leaf-base. Peralta, Stevens 477. 184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM 283. Piper ventoleranum Trel., sp. nov. A shrub; twigs glabrous or quickly glabrescent, pale-granular; leaves lanceo- late, caudate, inequilaterally subacute at base, 4.5 to 7X15 to 17 cm., pin- nately nerved from the lower half, the nerves about 6+5, minutely granular- roughened above, the nerves beneath typically subappressed-hirsute; petiole 10+2 or 15 mm. long, mostly glabrate, not winged; spikes 3 to 4X80 to 95 mm.; peduncle 10 mm. long, somewhat granular; bracts rounded-subpeltate, cinereous, ciliate. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,373, collected at La Ventolera, southern slope of Volcin de Pofis, Costa Rica, altitude 1,700 meters, February 17, 18, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 34712). Rance: Central voleanoes of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: In the type locality, Standley 34707; 34724, with larger leaves, becoming 7.520 cm. ; 34668, with hairy petiole. 284. Piper perhispidum C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 70: 183. 1920. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Barranca, San Juan de San Ramon, Costa Rica (Tonduzg 17771, the type). RANGE: Pacifie slope of Costa Rica. 285. Piper domingense ©. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 161. 1897. TYPE LocALITY: Santo Domingo de Golfo Duice, Costa Rica (Tonduz 10034, the type; distributed also as J. D. Smith 7129). Rance: Pacific coast region of Costa Rica. 286. Piper flavescens (C. DC.) Trel. Piper pseudovelutinum flavescens C. DC. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30°: 203. 1891. ‘Tyre Locatity: Rio Tilirf, near San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 3175, the type). ' Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. 287. Piper suberythrocarpum C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 160. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7550, the type). Rance: Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua. 288. Piper pileatum Trel., sp. nov. Piper burenii Auct., as to Costa Rica. A shrub; twigs densely dingy-hispid; leaves lanceolate, subfalcately acumi- nate, inequilaterally acute at base or one side rounded or subcordulate, 4 to 6X12 to 16 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves 4 or 5X2, bullulate, scabrous, sparsely white-villous, especially beneath; petiole 8 to 12+3 mm., dingy-villous, not winged; spikes 3X100 mm.; peduncle 10 to 15 mm. long, hispid; bracts roundish-subpeltate, gray-ciliate. Type in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, collected at El Copey, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 meters, February, 1898, by A. Tonduz (no. 11895). Duplicate in the U. 8S. National Herbarium. Rance: Pacific siope of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: El Copey, Jiménez 1089; Tonduz 11895. Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3593, “3693.” El General, Tonduz 3383. Cafias Gordas, ? Pittier 11083. Tremendal, San Ramén, Tonduz 17773. San Marcos, Tonduz 7555. 288a. Piper pileatum obliquum Trel., var. nov. Differs in its broadly lanceolate leaves being very oblique, with the distinctly longer side rounded at base. Type in the U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 796,376, collected at El Copey, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 meters, February, 1898, by A. Tonduz (no. 11675). Rance: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 185 289. Piper rugosifolium Trel., sp. nov. Piper hirsutum pallescens Auct., p. p. A shrub; twigs retrorsely rusty-hirsute with upcurved hairs; leaves obliquely lanceolate, subecaudately acuminate, rounded at base or with one side acute, 4 to 45X9 to 11 cm., pinnately nerved from below the middle, the nerves about 6+5, rugose, coarsely granular-scabrous above from the bases of slender hairs, beneath dingy-hairy, at least as to the nerves; petiole 5 to 10 mm. long, retrorsely long-hirsute, not winged; spikes 3X70 mm., mucronate; peduncle 5 mm. long, curved-hirsute; bracts roundish-subpeltate, ciliolate. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,307,251, collected at Finca Las Céncavas, Province of Cartago, Costa Rica, altitude 1,300 meters, December 7, 8, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 41533), RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. sosTA Rica: Cerro de la Carpintera, Standley 34262. Rio Reventado, Standley & Valerio 49441. Cervantes, Tonduz 10431. Los Frailes, Tonduz 17876. San Marcos, Tonduz ? 7555, 17761. Dulce Nombre, Standley 35928. El Mufieco, Rio Navarro, Standley € Torres 50920. Cartago, Standley 35467. Rfo Reventazon, Rowlee & Stark 754. 290. Piper pseudopsis C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 164. 1897. Piper bredemeyeri Auct., aS to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 1088, the type). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San José, Brade 2087; Standley 33274, 41215, 47365; Tonduz 2847. Rio Maria Aguilar, Tonduz 6957 (J. D. Smith 7298). San Francisco de Guadalupe, Tonduz 444, 1795, 8026, 127380. San Sebastifin, Standley 32684, 49350. Rio Reventado, Cartago, Standley € Valerio 49498. Finca Las Céncavas, Cartago, Standley 41494. 4. PEPEROMIA Ruiz & Pavon KEY TO SPECIES 1. Leaves alternate (the uppermost sometimes congested because of shortened internodes, or the lowest rarely opposite) __-____________-__-______ 2. Leaves opposite or whorled___________-__- eee 95. 2. Leaves or some of them distinctly peltate_......_____________________ 3. Leaves not peltate above the very base_______________________________ 9. 3. Leaves basal; spikes filiform, subpaniculate______________ 7. P. sciaphila. Leaves cauline; spikes mostly stouter___..._______-____________________ 4, 4. Stem comparatively short and stout, few-leaved________________________ 5. Stem elongate and leafy____.-__-_-_-____________________ 6. 5. Pilose___-_________- eee 10. P. tecticola, Glabrous___-__--------------_------~-_-- 9. P. chambesyana. 6. Leaves drying thin; pubescent___.__._________________ 8. P. amphitricha. Leaves drying coriaceous___________________-_ eee i 7. Leaves 10 to 15 em. long__--__---______-__-_____-_ eee 8. Leaves mostly 4 to 6 cm. long; glabrous_______________ 90. P. peltilimba. 8. Leaves ciliate; spikes axillary__._.___-_-_______________ 89. P. ciliifera. Glabrous ; spikes terminal_____._-____.___-_-_-_-_--_--_ 88. P. parmata. 9. Spikes in leafless panicles; veining pinnate_______________-_-__________ 10. Spikes not paniculate.____-_--_-_-----_---------_-------_------ 28. 10. Panicle compound; spikes very short __.___---_____-_______ 68. P. poasana. Panicle simple or spikes elongate__._.-___._._-_.-.-.---.___-_________ 11. 186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM W1. Spikes 2 to 3 cm. long; drying dark__--------_-_--------------------- 12. Spikes longer; stem leafy__--_--------------------------------------- 17. 12. Stem short, few-leaved__.__.---_---____----------------------------- 13. Stem elongate and leafy; hairy_-_------------------- 76. P. guapilesiana. 18. Seape very short; leaves subelliptic....--------------- 71. P. breviscapa. Seape elongate___-------------- ------------------------------------- 14. 14. Leaves subspatulate-oblanceolate; glabrous___-------~-- 72. P. subacaulis. Leaves ellintic-oblanceolate or obovate__------------------------------ 15. 15. Leaves over 20 em. long; glabrous__--_----_------------ 70. P. atirroana, Leaves 10 to 15 em. long__.------------------------------------------ 16. 16. At most puberulent_____---------------------------- 69. P. brevicaulis. At least locally hairy__------------------------------- 93. P. compotrix. 17. At least transiently hairy _------------------------------------------ 18. Glabrous ~_~_-_----____________--------------------------------+----- 20. 18. Leaves obtuse at base, elliptie__-_-_--_------------------ 78. P. pothifolia. Leaves acute at base__--._______----------------------------------- 19. 19. Leaves elliptie.._....-_.__-_..-___-_---------------------- 79. P. substriata. Leaves oblanceolate-obovate____-_----------------------- 92. P. tsakiana. 20. Leaves subsessile... ~~~. _--_-- --_-_-----------------------~--------- 21. Leaves obviously petioled__.____--_-_--------------------------------- 22. 21. Leaves rather blunt, subspatulate__-.------------ 73. P. sessilifolioides, Leaves pointed, narrowly oblanceolate_____-__--_---- 74. P. venabulifolia. 22. Leaves rather blunt, subelliptic-_._-_-___-------------- 101, P. navarrana. Leaves acuminate__.__________-___---------------------------~-+---+-- 23. 23. Leaves elliptic_____._________---___---_------------------------------ 24. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic oblanceolate___..-_.-.------------------ 26. 24. Spikes about 40 mm. long_----------------_------------------------ 25. Sp.kes longer____---------------------------------------- 99. P. dotana. 25. Leaves 10 to 15 em. long_-_--------------------------- 100. P. isidroana. Leaves 6 to 10 cm. long___---------------------- 103. P. tremendalensis. 26. Spikes drying dark ---------------------------_-------------------- 27. Spikes drying pale__--------------------------------- 75. P. lancilimba. 27. Seutulum of ovary elongate___--_.-_-------------- __-91. P. acutilimba., Scutulum rounded; berries ob-ong_------------------- 110. P. calvifolia., 28. Leaves pinnately nerved or else spikes paired_____---------------- _--29 Leaves essentially palmately nerved___------------~---------------- 49. 29. Leaves appreciably cordate or obtuse at base_---------—-----.--------- 30 Leaves appreciably acute at base unless very small__----------------- 36 30. Leaves cordate or else spikes not paired_---_-__--------_--------------+- 31 Spikes paired if leaves cordate___----_------------------------------- 34. 31. Leaves cver 10 em. long__--------------------------- 94. P. platyphylla. Leaves 5 to 10 em. long ______--------------~---~--------------------- 32. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long____-_-----------------------~---------.--------- 33. 32. Stem elongate and leafy__-----_------------------------ 20. P. vinasiana. Stem thick, naked below______-----------_--------+---- 11. P, lignescens. 88. Leaves round-ovate___----------------------------- 12. P. aguacatensis. Leaves elliptic-ovate___-____-----------------.-------- 14. P. tenuifolia. Leaves ovate, subunguiculate_-_-__--_-_----_------------ 15. P. nicoyana. 34. Leaves fully tw:ce as long as broad__-------------------------------- 35. Leaves shorter; berries stipitate-_--..------------------ 6. P. podocarpa. 85. Glabrous_______-_----------_------------------------- 95, P. scutellata. Crisp-puberulent____---------------------------- 96. P. donnell-smithii Somewhat hairy_____._________----------------------- 97. P. calvicaulis. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 187 36. Leaves over 20 em. long_------------------------------ 77. P. queserana. Leaves commonly 10 to 15 em. long_-------------------------- -a----+ 3T. Leaves commonly 6 to 10 em. long_----------------------------------- 39. Leaves commonly 4 to 6 em. long_------------------------------------- 43. 37. Leaves spatulate or elliptic-obovate, blunt-------------- 106. P. mentiens. Leaves subelliptic, pointed___---------------------------------------- 38. 88. Erect, drying green___----------------------------- 98. P. cacuminicola. Repent-pendent, darkening_-_~----------------------- 84. P. glaberrima. 89. Glabrous___________-----_------------------------------------------ 40. Petioles and nodes somewhat hairy_------------------ 81. P. longibacca. Nerves villous beneath _____.._____ _----------~---------- 82. P. orientalis, 40. Repent-pendent, drying dark__-----~--------------------------------- 41. Stoloniferous-erect______.---_./» -------------------------------------- 42. 41. Leaves lanceolate, pointed, petioled_____.__-_---------- 83. P. naranjoana. Leaves elliptic, bluntish, subsessile____-------------- 80. P. glabricaulis. 42, Leaves elliptic, subacute_-_--------------------------- 102. P. durandi. Leaves round-obovate, very blunt__---------------- 107. P. pyrolaefolia. 43. Repent-pendent, or drying dark__-----~----------------------------- 44. Stoloniferous-erect, drying yellow-green____~------------------------- 47. 44. Leaves subsess le, glabrous____-_--------------------- 84. P. glaberrima. Leaves short-petioled___--------------------------------------------- 45. 45. Leaves sublanceolate_______._--------------------------------------- 46. Leaves broadly elliptic____.__-------------------------- 86. P. tilarana. 46. Essentially glabrous___-------------------------------- 87. P. borucana. Somewhat hairy at nodes____---~~------------------ 85. P. circumscissa. 47. Leaves very obtuse_____---------~--------------- 108. P. pseudo-alpina. Leaves blunt-acuminate_________------------------------------------ 48. Leaves acute at both ends____-___--_------------- 19. P. bistortaefolia. 48, Spikes 60 to 80 mm. long___--_------------------ 104. P. pachyphlebia. Spikes longer and slenderer___—--------..------------ 105. P. peninsularis. 49. Leaves appreciably obtuse at base___-_-_---------------------------- 30. Leaves appreciably acute at base, unless very small or with a single spike ____._-_________--_----------+--------------------+------------ 50. 50. Leaves distinctly longer than broad__---.~----~---------------------- 51. Leaves approximately isodiametric___-___-_------~~------------------- 78. 51. Bracts ciliate _-______________--_----------------------------------- 52, Bracts not ciliate-_--_______---_-------------------------------------- 53. 52. Leaves searcely 2 by 4 cem._----------------------- 21. P.. costaricensis. Leaves becoming 4 by 7 em._---------------------- 22. P. fimbribractea. 53. Not black-punctulate, even if granular___---------------------------- 54. Conspicuously black-punctulate__------------------------------------ 77. 54. Leaves drying rather thin-_----.------~---------------------------- 55. Leaves, unless very small, opaquely coriaceous____------------------ 67. 55. Leaves subovate__.._----------------------------------------------- 56. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate_____------------ 39. P. erythrophlebia. Leaves lance-elliptic _._-___-_---------------------------------------- 57. Leaves rhombic-elliptic___________-_---------------------- 18. P. cooperi. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate___._______-------------------------- 62. 56. Leaves cordate, appressed-pubescent_____~_-~-- Es FO Leaves round-based, hairy___.____---------------- 35. P. montecristana. Leaves acute-based, puberulent_____-_-_--_-------------- 52. P. tenuicaulis. 57. Glabrous______--------------------------------- wee 58. Puberulent or pubescent.__-_----.---------------------------------- 60. 188 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 71. 72. 80. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Leaves 6 to 10 cm. long______________--____---____- 25. P. crispipetiola. Leaves 3 to 6 em, long_______________________-__--__-------- +--+ --- 59. Nerves scarcely raised_______---__----------_----_--- 27. P. herediana. Inner nerves salient_____-___----_----------.-------- 28. P. munyecoana. Leaves 6 to 10 em. long___-___----__-~__------_------ 26. P. carpinterana. Leaves 5 to 6 em. long___---_------_~~--_- eee 61. Spikes filiform_____.________--_______-__-___-_________ 16. P. subdita. Spikes stouter; bracts dark-punctulate_________________ 48. P. tuisana. Spikes without pseudo-pedicels____.____________-_-_--_--- pee eee eee 63. Spikes with long pseudo-pedicels________________ 31. P. pseudopedicellata. Leaves granular beneath_____-___________________- eee 64. Leaves scarcely granular _________-_-/- > § 5 eee eee 65. Leaves lance-elliptic or obovate... ---- 30. P. vueltasana. Leaves lance-oblong__--___-_-__-_-~_~~—______-____ 33, P. pilulifera. Leaves finely pale-mottied beneath _____..-_-.. - 34. P. niveo-punctulata. Leaves not pale-punctulate___-_--________________--_--_--___ 66. Petioles subalately decurrent__-__~--~~--.-----------_- 32. P. dyscrita. Petioles not decurrent____--.--_----_--__-___________ 42. P. stenophylla. Leaves 4 to 6 em. long__---_-_-_---_---_----_-_____ eee 68. Leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long______ ee 71. Leaves scarcely over 1 em. long_______-__________-____-e ee 7d. . Leaves rhombic-elliptic__----.--.--»-/--2---_--_--__ 37. P. chrysocarpa. Leaves lance-elliptic_______________-- eee 69. . Spikes without pseudo-pedicels________-___---§ $5 5 eee eee ee 70. Spikes with short pseudo-pedicels__...-./.~-.~.._-.__-____ 41. P. brachypus. . Leaves green on both sides_________-_-_--_-- eee 36. P. san-joseana. Leaves red-purple beneath______________-~ ~~ 40. P. versicolor. Essentially glabrous___-----_----_____-_-_-__-e 72. Leaves obscurely hairy or ciliate_......_..________ 43. P. stenophyllopsis. Young growth pubescent_________-_-_-_--_-§_--§ 5 5 eee eee 44, P. fissispica. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic___.__.___________________ 38. P. psiloclada. Leaves oblong__----_--_-__-___-_--__ eee 73. Leaves subrhombic_------_____-_--_--___-______. _- eae eee 74 . Berries sessile_____-__-----___-___---____-__ Le 50. P. hylophila. Berries stipitate-______-_--_-_________ eee 5. P. tenuipes. . Leaf-base subcuneate___________-________- 47. P. fraijanesana. Leaf-base merely acute____________ ~ eee eee 46. P. zurquiana. . Leaves oblong-subovate_______-_._-_-_--_----_--§ ee 51. P. tenellaeformis. Leaves oblong-obovate; glabrous__._---------- 57. P. incisa, Leaves elliptic-obovate; hairy._....__--_-__________ 54. P. tonduzii. Leaves elliptic; plant stoloniferous-erect________ oo oo 76. . Stem loosely hairy____---.------___-_-_--- ee 3. P. punctataefolia, Stem pubescent_____---_______--_- ee eee 55. P. oerstedii. . At most ciliate-lined__--_---__--__-__-_--___________ 23. P. jimenesana. More or less hairy_--_---_--_-___---_-»- eee 24, P. filicaulis. Leaves drying rather thin_--~-~-~-___-_--____-_ eee 79 Leaves drying coriaceous__.....--__--_---- 88 Leaves 4 to 6 em. long_____~___ 29. P. virillana. Leaves usually 2.5 to 4 em. long_---___-_-__-_- 80. Leaves usually 1 to 2.5 em. long_____--_----e--e ee 81. Leaves scarcely 1 em, long_-___-___-_ 85. Leaves cordate, acute_____--- _-12. P. aguacatensis val. Leaves reniform, very obtuse________________________ 13. P. lagartana. TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 189 81. Glabrous___-___---___--__--___-- | 82. Puberulent; anthers small_.__.___._____-__--___-_---_- 17. P. filispica. Puberulent; anthers large_____-___--____--_--_----_-- 61. P. cryptolepida. Sparsely soft-hairy____.______-___-_____________-_-__-- 2. P. barbensis var. 82. Leaves subacute; pellucid_-_____________--- ee eee 1, P. pellucida. Leaves very obtuse___________- 83. 83. Drying brown; anthers large_________________-_-__- 62. P. megalanthera. Drying green__---________________ Wee eee 84. 84. Leaf-base obtuse; anthers large________________________-_- 60. P. delecta. Leaf-base usually acute_-____-._________-_________-_-______ 59. P. rejecta. 85. Leaves round or round-obovate_______-__--_---_-_-------------------- 86. Leaves round- or reniform-ovate_________-___--_.-----_-----------__- 87 86. Glabrous or few-haired______________________________ 4, P. delicatissima. Velvety or crisp-pubescent____________-_-______________ 58. P. rotundifolia. 87. Leaves round-ovate__.________-_-_ 56. P. silvivaga. Leaves subelliptic-ovate___.._._____________________-_____ 2. P. barbensis. Leaves reniform-ovate_____-___--__-___-__------_------- 3. P. late-ovata. 88. Leaves 1 to 2.5 or even 4 cm. long___________________---_____--_------ 89. Leaves scarcely over 1 em. long________-__-_--__---------------------- 95. 89. Creeping_________--_____----____------------------------------------ 90. With erect stems__-__----------------------------------------------- 92. 90. Anthers relatively large___________-_______________-_--___-_----_----- 81. Anthers minute_____________________________________________--_---~--- 91. 91. Glabrous_____-----.------- +e -e--eeee ee 63. P. reptabunda. Somewhat puberulent___._-_--_---__-- ~~ +e 67. P. calyculata. Crisp-pubescent_________--___-------_---------- 109. P. pseudo-casaretti. 92. Stems subsimple __--_----------------------------------------------- 93. Stems much branched_____-_----_---------------------- 45. P. multifida. 93. Leaves round-ovate, subacute___________--__--..-_- 49, P. chlorostachya. Leaves suborbicular, obtuse_____________________- 64. P. san-ramonensis. Leaves subobovate____.---------------------------------------------- 94. 94. Spikes without pseudo-pedicels__._._____----_-- a 65. P. congestifolia. With pseudo-pedicels__.._.--------------------------- 66. P. candelaber. 95. Leaves opposite, very obtuse___--------_------------------------------ 96. Leaves whorled, or acute if exceptionally opposite__.________.__________- 98. 96. Creeping _________________----- -- ~---------- ~~ 97. Erect; leaves round, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter_____--_- 123. P. esperanzana. 97. Leaves round, scarcely 1 cm. in diameter___________- 131, P. cyclophylla. Leaves round-elliptic, larger____._._____.___--__---------- 130. P. pirrisana. 98. Leaves obovate______---_____-_______------_------------------------ 99. Leaves subquadrately elliptic, or small if not quadrate____-_-------__-- 104. Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate to elliptiec____________-_-_--_------_- 107. Leaves, at least above, oblong or linear__________________------------- 118. 99. Rachis of spike hirtellous___________________-_----_---------------- 100. Rachis of spike glabrous___________________--__--------------------- 101. 100. Leaves emarginulate__--__--__-------------_-- 129. P. subemarginulata. Leaves scarcely emarginulate-__---____-_--_- 136. P. pseudo-hoffmannii. 101. Leaves round-obovate_________------------------------------------ 102. Leaves elliptic-obovate_______-___---__--------- +--+ +--+ 103. 102. Creeping and delicate_______-_----------------------- 135. P. hoffmannii. With erect branches__-_ - _-----__--._--._182, P. imbricata. 103. Erect; very glandular-granular______--___-_-__--------- 134. P. sepicola. Creeping; not glandular___------------------ 133. P. pseudo-tetraphylla. 66747—29—_6 190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL iLERBARIUM 104. Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; rachis glabrous__------------------------- 106. Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long; rachis hirtellous__--~_-..----- 126. P. cartagoana. Leaves scarcely 1 cm. long__------------------------ wee eee 106, 105. Pedunele 80 mm. long__-------------------------------------------- 118. Peduncle secant 25 min. long___-_-.--------------------- 121. P. emiliana. 106. Bracts golden-granular_——-~-~----------- a 127. P. reflexaefolia. Bracts not golden-granular___.._.----------------- 128. P. compaginata. 107. Leaves 6 to 10 em. long__-------- goon nono eno === == 108. Leaves 2.5 to 6 em. long______-__--_-_---------- - ------ --------- 110. Leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long_____-_______--_----------------------------- 114. 108. Leaves relatively thin...._-._____----------------------------------- 106). Leaves coriaceous___-__---_----------------- 116. P. guanacastana.. 109, Leaves broadly elliptic__---------.----—-------------- 115. P. nemoralis. Leaves relatively narrow___-------------------- _112. P. martagonifolie.. 110. At most puberulent___--------------------------------------------- 11... More or less pubescent__._____-__---------------------------------- 11%. 111. Leaves whorled, scuminate__---.--------------- 113. P. turialvensis. Leaves whorled, acute_________----------------------- 111. P. jarisiane.. Leaves opposite or whorled__---------------------- 119. P. palmane.. 112, Leaves glabrous____---------------------------------------------- _118. Leaves somewhat hairy__----------------------- 118. P. stipitifolia. 113. Internodes somewhat hairy__-._--_--_------------------ 114. P. barbana. Internodes glabrous__-_-.-------_---------------- 117. PB. barbinodis. 114. Glabrous______________----_---------------------------------------- 115, Subpuberulent _-------------------------------------- aaa eee 116. More or less hairy_____-_---------____-------------------- Woe 117. 115. Leaves attenuate at both ends____-__----------- 124. P. aguacalientis. Leaves more elliptic_____-___-_--_----------- 125. P. pseudo-boliviensis. 116. Peduncle searcely 1 em. long__~-_------------------ 119. P. palmana var. Peduncle distinctly longer____--.--------------------- 121. P. emiliana. 117. Leaves oblanceolate___-_-_---------------------------- 122. P. olivacez. Leaves lance-elliptic__------------------------------ _120. P. copeyana. 118. At most minutely puberulent____-----------_------------------------ 119). At least locally pubescent__.-.----------------- 138. P. oblongifolia. 119. Upper leaves elliptic-oblong_____._______----------- 189. P. muscisedens. Upper leaves oblong__-_-.----_-_------------- 137, P. amphoterophylla. Upper leaves linear__--------.------------------------ 140. P. pittieri. 1. Peperomia pellucida (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 64. 1815. Piper pellucidum L, Sp. Pl. 30. 1758. Type LocALITy: Martinique? Rance: Throughout the West Indies, and on the continent from Mexico to the Andes, commonly in the more whitened-leaved P. pellucida pygmaea Miq." (P. pygmaea Kunth’), the type of which is from Loja, Ecuador. Also intro- duced as a weed into Africa. Costa Rica: La Colombiana Farm, Standley 36676. Below Cairo, Standley ¢é Valerio 48872, 48995, 49020. Boca de Zhorquin, Tonduz 8620. Hacienda te Zent, Tonduz 1465. Mano de Tigre Road, Tonduz 4658. Boruca, Pittier 465. Lagarto, Pittier 4486. Rancho Redondo, Volefn de Irazt, Pittier 1141. “Syst. 81. 1843. *Syn. 1: 117. 1923. TRELEASE—-THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 191 2. Peperomia barbensis (Dahlst.) Trel. Peperomia hispidula barbensis Dahlst. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 33’: 14. 1900. Peperomia hispidula Auct., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: Volefin de Barba, Costa Rica (Holtmann 54, the type). RanGeE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Finca La Cima, El Copey, Standley 42634. Tablazo, Brade 2016. 2a. Peperomia barbensis alajuelana Trel., var. nov. A medium-sized, erect or assurgent, branching herb; stem slender (1 to 2 mm.), soft-villous; leaves alternate, round-elliptic or subrhombic-ovate, obtuse or subacute at both ends, small (1X1 to 1.5X2 to 2.5 cm., or exceptionally lance- elliptic and 4 em. long), rather sparsely villous with articulate hairs, multiple- nerved, the branches of the midrib about 3X2; petiole 5 to 20 mm. long, loosely villous; spikes term'nal and opposite the leaves, extremely slender, 10 to 15 mm. long, loosely flowered; peduncle equaling the spike, sparsely villous; bracts round-peltate; berries ellipsoid, with slender stipe and style; stigma apical. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,251,258, collected at Fraijanes, Province of Alajuela, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,700 meters, February 12, 13, 1926, by Paul C. Standley and Rubén Torres (no. 47695). RANGE: Mountains of central Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de las Vueltas, altitude 2,700 to 3,000 meters, Standley €& Valerio 43769. 3. Peperomia late-ovata Trel., sp. nov. A small delicate repent-assurgent arboricolous herb; stem filiform, sparsely villous to glabrescent; leaves alternate, reniform-ovate, obtuse, rounded at base or slightly cordulate, minute (3 to 8X4 to 8 mm.), sparsely villous with articulate hairs, 3 or 5 nerved, with the midrib obscurely branched; petiole very short (1 mm.), glabrate; spikes terminal, extremely slender, scarcely 15 mm. long, loosely flowered; peduncle about 10 mm. long; bracts round- peltate; berries subclavate-oblong, with slender stipe and style; stigma apical. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,251,136, collected at Laguna de la Chonta, near Santa Maria de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 2,000 to 2,100 meters, December 18, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 42310). RanGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: At type locality, Standley 42188, 42194, 42201, 42246. San José, Standley 38629, 38780. 8a. Peperomia late-ovata glabrata Trel., var. nov. Differs in being almost glabrous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,229,662, collected at Las Nubes, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,500 to 1,900 meters, March 20-22, 1924, by Paul C. Standley (no. 38489). Rance: Central mounta’ns of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Laguna de la Escuadra, near El Copey, Standley 42083. Finca La Cima, near E! Copey, Standley 42652. 4. Peperomia delicatissima Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia emarginella glabrior C. DC. Anal. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 177. 1897. An extremely delicate arboricolous herb, creeping among mosses; stem fili- form, glabrous; leaves alternate, orbicular, sometimes emarginulate, obscurely 8 nerved, minute (3 mm.), with a few long white hairs toward the apex; petiole 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous; spikes terminal, 2 cm. long; peduncle yzla- brous, 8 mm. long; bracts round-peltate ; ovary ovoid; stigma oblique. 192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Type in the DeCandolle Herbarium, collected at Rio Naranjo, Costa Rica, altitude 200 to 250 meters, by A. Tonduz (no. 8002). RanGE: Caribbean lowlands of northern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Pejivalle, Standley & Valerio 46979, 47249. Gufpiles, Standley 37546. Rio Rosario, Llanos de Santa Clara, Pittier 18424 (distributed as Lemna minor by J. D. Smith, no. 7605). 5. Peperomia tenuipes Trel., sp. nov. A small stoloniferous glabrous herb; stem slender (1 mm.) ; leaves alternate, elliptic-oblong or the lower elliptic, emarginate, acute-based, small (5X12 to 8X16, or the lower 10X14 mm.), 1 nerved, coriaceous; petiole 3 mm. long; spikes terminal, 1X35 mm., rather loosely flowered, the flowers between anas- tomosing ridges; peduncle 5 mm. long; bracts round-peltate; berries obovoid, on equilong filiform pedicels, with a conspicuous oblique stylopodium; stigma apical. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 577,942, collected on Cerro de las Caricias, above San Isidro, Province of Heredia, Costa Rica, September, 1900, by H. Pittier (no, 14042). Rance: Central mountains of Costa Rica. 6. Peperomia podocarpa ©, DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 175. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: El General, Costa Rica (Pittier 10595, the type). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. 7. Peperomia sciaphila C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 175. 1897. Peperomia schizostachya Trel. Bot. Gaz. 73: 138. 1922. Peperomia ovato-peltata Auct., as to Costa Rica. Typ LooaLity: Rio Virilla, San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 9630, the type). Rance: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Virilla, Tonduz 10106 (J. D. Smith 7273) ; Hoffmann 521. Mount Candelaria, Endres. 8. Peperomia amphitricha Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia lanceolato-peltata Auct., p. p., as to Costa Rica. A repent arboricolous herb; stem slender (2 mm.), at least transiently sparsely white-villous, rooting from many nodes; leaves alternate, peltate about 1 cm. above the rounded base, round-ovate, acuminate, moderate (3.5 to 4 or 5X5 to 7 cm.), drying thin but opaque, obscurely about 7 nerved, paler beneath, with sparse soft white hairs on both faces; petiole 2 to 4 em. long, sparsely villous; spikes terminal, long (2100 mm. or more) ; peduncle elongate (3 to 4 cm.), sparsely villous; bracts round-peltate; berries subglobose; stigma oblique. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 1,251,160, collected at Quebradillas, near Santa Marfa de Dota, Province of San José, Costa Rica, altitude 1,800 meters, December 24, 1925, by Paul C. Standley (no. 48089a ). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Cerro de Piedra Blanca, near Escash, Standley 32632. 8a. Peperomia amphitricha santa-rosana Trel., var. nov. Peperomia lanceolato-peltata Auct., p. p., as to Costa Rica. An assurgent terrestrial herb; stem rather slender (2 to 3 mm.), transiently sparsely hairy, rooting from the lower nodes; leaves alternate, peltate toward the rounded base, round-ovate, somewhat obliquely acuminate, moderately small (23.5, 3%4.5, or 4X6 em.), 5 or 7 nerved, paler and sparsely crisp- hairy beneath; petiole moderately long (2 to 4 cm.), very sparsely villous, clasping-decurrent; spikes terminal or opposite the leaves, elongate (2X80 to 120 mm.), rather loosely flowered; peduncle elongate (3 to 4 cm.), villous, —_e TRELEASE—THE PIPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA 193 especially upward; rachis villous; bracts round-peltate; berries glabrous; stigma suboblique. Type in the De Candolle Herbarium, Geneva, collected at Santa Rosa de Copey, Province of San José, Costa Rica, by A. Tonduz (no. 12225), RanGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Blanco, near El Copey, Standley 41889. Finca La Cima, near El Copey, Standley 42620. 9. Peperomia chambesyana Trel., sp. nov. Peperomia arifolia acutifolia C. DC.; Trel. Bot. Gaz. 78: 142. 1922. A moderately small, glabrous herb; stem short and comparatively stout (4 mm.); leaves alternate, few at top of the stem, ovate, acute, round-based, peltate, 3.55 to 6 cm., about 7 nerved; petiole slender, 6 to 8 cm. long; spikes few, from the upper axils, 2X70 mm.; peduncle 7 cm. long; bracts round-ovate, peltate. Cultivated at Chambésy, Switzerland, in 1898, from seed ascribed to Costa Rica; otherwise unknown. The type is a specimen in the DeCandolle Her- barium at Geneva. 10. Peperomia tecticola C. DC. Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geogr. Costa Rica 9: 175. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: San José, Costa Rica (Tonduz 7262, the type). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: San José, Tonduz 7309. 10a. Peperomia tecticola muricola Trel. Bot. Gaz. 73: 143. pl. 3. 1922. Peperomia lanceolato-peltata Auct., p. p., as to Costa Rica. TYPE LOCALITY: San Juan, Costa Rica (Tonduz 10146, the type). RANGE: High central divide of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Virilla, Hoffmann 204, 414. 10b. Peperomia tecticola tilirina Trel., var. nov. Peperomia puberula Auct., as to Costa Rica. A form with even longer and more filiform petioles and more ovate-oblong leaves. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 796,722, collected along Rio Tilirf, Province of San José, Costa Rica, December, 1890, by A. Tonduz (no. 3208). RanGeE: High central divide of Costa Rica. 11. Peperomia lignescens C. DC. Journ, Bot. Brit. & For, 4: 137, 1866. TYPE LOCALITY: Unspecified, (Hoffmann). RANGE: Mountains of southern Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Térraba, Pittier 3605 in part. El General, Pittier 3399. lla. Peperomia lignescens carthaginensis (C. DC.) Trel. Peperomia carthaginensis C. DC. Linnaea 37: 377. 1872. TYPE LOCALITY: Cartago, Costa Rica (Oersted 925, the type). RANGE: Central mountains of Costa Rica. Costa Rica: Rio Virilla, Tonduz 1378. Torres, Tonduz 8425. San José, Pittier 3006. Desamparados, Tonduz 1690. Curridabat, Pittier 3045. Boruca, Pittier 4783.