SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS. IN PHANERO- GAMS, FERNS, AND DIATOMS ADVERTISEMENT. The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled ‘‘ Contributions from the United States National Herbarium,” begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. RicHAarRD RaTHBUN, Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, in charge of the United States National Museum. Il SEG .773 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X van SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS IN PHANEROGAMS, FERNS, AND DIATOMS _ NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA; GENUS PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND MEXICO; MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS; LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO; DIATOMS OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES; CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA; TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS WASHINGTON 164/00 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906-1908 NOTE. The seven parts of Volume X of the Contributions were issued as follows: Part 1, pages 1 to 48, March 30, 1906. Part 2, pages 49 to 78, July 16, 1906. Part 8, pages 79 to 132, December 5, 1906. Part 4, pages 133 to 220, June 10, 1907. “Part 5, pages 221 to 442, July 11, 1907. Part 6, pages 443 to 472, January 21, 1908. Part 7, pages 473 to 508, March 30, 1908. “ay QS 9sA PREFACE. The present volume of the Contributions from the United States National Herbarium consists of seven papers. The first paper, by Charles V. Piper, ‘‘ North American Species of Festuca,” was prepared in the Office of the Agrostologist, Department of Agriculture, but in view of the fact that it was of a strictly sys- tematic—not agricultural—character, it was offered to the National Museum for publication and was accepted. The author of the manu- script regrets that it was not possible to consult all the type specimens of the American species, several of which are in European herbaria, but he considers it preferable to offer his work for publication now rather than to delay it indefinitely. The second paper, entitled ‘‘ The Genus Ptelea in the Western and Southwestern United States and Mexico,” by Dr. Edward L. Greene, Associate in Botany, United States National Museum, is the result of an exhaustive study of the western species of Ptelea. Doctor Greene finds that this genus, instead of being composed of only a few species, is avery large one, and describes 59 species, of which 55 are new. His work is based chiefly on the large series of specimens in the National Herbarium, in his own collection now deposited here, and in Capt. John Donnell Smith’s, eventually to come here, together with the collections of the late C. C. Parry and that of the California Academy of Sciences. The types are chiefly in the National Herbarium, and unless otherwise indicated are to be understood as belonging here. The third paper consists of the fifth number of ‘‘Studies of Mexi- can and Central American Plants,” by Dr. J. N. Rose, Associate Curator, Division of Plants, United States National Museum. Doctor Rose has made five journeys to Mexico, each of which has resulted in the acquisition of a valuable collection for the National Herbarium and in a published report. Each of these reports, like the accom- panying one, covers only fragmentary portions of his whole work. All, however, are devoted to the elucidation of the same general subject, the flora of central Mexico, and together they form a highly valuable series of contributions to our botanical knowledge of that region. | The fourth paper is ‘‘The Leguminosae of Porto Rico,” by Miss Janet Russell Perkins, Ph. D. In 1901 and 1902 Miss Perkins, under y VI PREFACE, an appointment as scientific aid in the United States Department of Agriculture, was engaged at Berlin in a revision of the Leguminosae of Porto Rico. The revision was based upon a study of collections and literature, unaccompanied by field work in the island. It was originally intended to publish the results of this work conjointly with an account of the agricultural relations of the leguminous plants of that island, but as it proved to be necessary to postpone the prepara- tion of this latter paper for more detailed investigation Miss Perkins’s paper is now presented separately for publication. This paper differs in several respects from the systematic treatment of leguminous plants presented in other numbers of these Contributions, and such differences must be taken only as an expression of the views of the author. The fifth paper is a “Report on the Diatoms of the Albatross Voy- ages in the Pacific Ocean, 1888-1904,” by Dr. Albert Mann, assisted in the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker. In the autumn of 1887 the steamer Albatross, of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, which had previously been employed on the Atlantic coast of North America, was dispatched to the Pacific Ocean, where it has since been engaged in fishery and deep-sea investigations on the western coast of the United States, off British Columbia and Alaska, and also in more distant regions. The bottom samples obtained by the dredge and sounding cup during the several cruises from 1888 to 1904, inclusive, were referred to Doctor Mann, an expert student of the diatoms. He has separated and reported on these minute plant organisms, a difficult and painstaking task, the results of which are given in the paper pre- sented herewith. With very few exceptions the titles in the bibli- ography and the citations throughout the body of the report have been verified by Mr. P. L. Ricker, to whom acknowledgement is here made. The sixth paper is entitled *tThe Cyperaceae of Costa Rica,” by C. B. Clarke. Several years ago Prof, Henri Pittier, while actively engaged in studying the plants of Costa Rica, invited Mr. C. B. Clarke, of the Kew Herbarium, then the greatest living authority on the Cyperaceae, to prepare a synopsis of the genera and species of that family found in Costa Rica. This work was gladly undertaken by Mr. Clarke. Soon after the synopsis was submitted Professor Pittier left Costa Rica to accept a position in the Department of Agriculture, in Washington, and after his arrival offered the paper to the United States National Museum for publication. Mr. Clarke having died in the meantime, it seemed desirable to publish it with as little change as possible. As it was prepared in Latin, however, the Advisory Com- mittee on Publications recommended that it should be translated into English, and Dr. EK. L. Greene was asked to prepare the manuscript. In performing this task Doctor Greene has followed as closely as possi- ble the terms and phrasing of Mr. Clarke’s papers written in English. PREFACE. VII Further changes consist in the withdrawal of the bibliography follow- ing each species name, the arrangement of the synonymy in chrono- logical order, and the insertion of the dates of publication. The names of periodicals have also been substituted in the citations for subtitles, and a number of names which are clearly nomina nuda have been withdrawn, One new specific name has been changed because it was found to be a homonym. The seventh and last paper is ‘‘Studies of Tropical American Ferns—No. 1,” by William R. Maxon. During the last decade the National Museum has acquired large collections of Mexican and Cen- tral American plants. These collections are rich in new material, but evidently they are not sufficiently comprehensive to warrant undertak- ing the publication of a general flora of any one of these countries without further exploration. In order, however, to make public the scientific results of preliminary studies of the collections a series of papers has been carried on in the Contributions from the National Herbarium, under the title ‘ Studies of Mexican and Central Ameri- can Plants,” by Dr. J. N. Rose, Associate Curator. It is now proposed to begin a similar series under the title ‘Studies of Tropical American Ferns,” by Mr. William R. Maxon, Assistant Curator. Although at present this will deal largely with Mexican and Central American col- lections, it will include also descriptions of new and noteworthy West Indian species. South American forms will be considered also, as cir- cumstances may require. FREDERICK V, COVILLE, Curator of the United States National Lerbarium. CONTENTS. NortH AMERICAN Species oF Festuca. By Charles V. Piper........2.-2---- Introduction ....2.2222222 2222.2 eee eee eee cee cece ee ee eee Synopsis of United States and Canadian species ...........-2..2..-.---- Notes on Mexican species ..............----- 22-2220 2 eee ee eee cece ee eeee THE GENUS PTELEA IN THE WESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES AND Mexico, By Edward L. Greene ..-.......-2....-0.-2.-00202 0222 ee eee eee Introduction ..... 2.22.22. 22 eee eee eee eee eee eee nescence Descriptions of the species ..........2.0..2. 20.2 e eee eee eee eee eee eee Stupres oF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS—No. 5. By J. N. Rose. Introductory notes ....... 2222.22.22. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee Liliaceae. 2.2.22. ce eee eee ee eee eee cece eee ceeee Nymphaeaceae......--.. 2222-0222 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eeee Ranunculaceae... 22.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eeee Rosaceae --....-------- 22-222 eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee Oxalidaceae... 2.22... 0 eee eee cece eee cece eee eeeee Linaceae... 22... ee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ce eee eee we ceccceee Polygalaceae ....-.. 2.222.202 ee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee Malvaceae ..---2 2-2-2 ee ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee Hypericaceae ...... 22222222222 ee eee eee eee eee eee eee Violaceae -.. 2.22.22... 2022 e eee eee ee eee ee ence eeeeee Cactaceae .. 0... 2.0 e ee ee ee ee ee eee ee eee eee cece eee eceeeeee Aplaceae...........-2 22022022 ee eee eee eee Addendum _.....2.... 2.2 ee eee ee ee eee ee eee eee eee eens THe LEGUMINOSAE OF Porto Rico. By J. Perkins.............2-------.--- Introduction ........... 22-02-2222 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee Synopsis of the genera.....-....-22-2--22 2222 eee eee eee eee eee eee ee Descriptions of the genera and species .........22.- 2.222222 ee eee eee eee: Report oN THE Diatoms OF THE ALBATROSS VOYAGES IN THE Pacreic OCEAN, 1888-1904. By Albert Mann, assisted in the bibliography and citations by P. L. Ricker -. 22-2... ee ee cee eee ee Introduction ............00 2.000022 22 ee ee ee eee eee eee Annotated catalogue of genera and species ....2........22-2220..--.------ Data of the stations at which diatoms were collected by the Albatross _.. Bibliography........-222. 2-222 eee eee eee eee THE CypERACEAE OF Costa Rica. By C. B. Clarke.......22..2....-.-.---- Synoptical key to the genera ....-.....22--2-2---.-.----2022220022---2--e Annotated catalogue of the genera and species...............-.---.----- 45609—08—1 IX x CONTENTS. Stupres oF TropicAL AMERICAN FERNs—No. 1. By William R, Maxon ..... 473 Introduction .......-22. 222-222-222 ee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee --. 473 Asplenium salicifolium and confused species .......-.--.....------------ 475 A new genus of asplenioid ferns ............--...------ 0222 eee eee eee eee 481 The identity of Asplenium rhizophyllum L..................-2.-..-+--- 482 A new name for Anaxetum ...........-..----.--------------------0--- 484 The Cuban species of Adiantopsis ...........---..--------------------- 485 A new genus allied to Vittaria ............-.--------------2--- 22-20 --- 486 Miscellaneous notes and changes of name ................-------------- 488 New species of several genera............2-.-.2-2002222--- 2222-22 ee eee 494 Piate I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VIL. VIII. IX. X. XI, XI. XII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVII. XIX. XX. XXI-. XNII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXNII. XXXII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. Festuca confusa Piper ........----.--+------------------ Frontispiece. Festuca eriolepis Desv ...-.2.----0--- 222 cee ee ee eee eee eee eee 14 Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper.........--.-----------+-+-+------- 14 Festuca refleca Buck] ....-.-----.------------------------------ 15 Festuca megalura Nutt.....--..----------------+---------------- 17 Festuca bromoides L.....------ 0-2-2 ee eee eee eee eee eens 18 Festuca sciurea Nutt. .......----- 0-2-2 22 e eee eee eee eee eee eee 19 Festuca occidentalis Hook .......-.----------------------------- 24 Festuca howellii Vasey .......--------+---+-------+---2+- ee ee eee 31 Festuca aristulata (Torr, ) Shear .....--------------------------- 32 Festuca thurberi Vasey .....-.-...----------0-- 2-2-2 eee ee eee 33 Festuca johnsoni Vasey ......---.------------- 2-22 eee eee eee 35 Festuca subuliflora Scribner ....-...-.-------------------------- 36 Festuca elmeri Scribn. & Merrill ........------------------------ 37 Festuca confinis Vasey .......---+----- 20-0 - ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 41 Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto and Mamillaria angularis Link & Otto..... 2.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 83 Opuntia tunicata Link & Otto and Hehinoeactus ingens Zuce...---- 83 Pilocereus fulviceps Weber ......---2-++220+---00-+-----2- 02-0 3 Cereus hollianus Coulter .......-.....-------------------- 2-2 . 83 Cereus stellatus Pfeiffer ............---------------------------- 83 Cereus weberi Coulter...........--------2-------------- +e eee 84 Fouquieria spinosa H. B. K.....-.----. 2-2-2 ee eee eee 85 Beaucarnea oedipus Rose .......------------------- ee eee ee eee 88 Calibomus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose .........-.-----+--+++------ 90 Calibanus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose ......-----.---------+----- 90 Potentilla lozani Rose & Painter .......-..---------------------- 95 Alchemilla procumbens Rose ....--- -------------------+-+-+-- 93 Pithecolobium revolutum Rose .....----------------- 2-22 ce eee eee 96 Hoffmanseggia arida Rose ...-.------------ +++ 2222 - ee eee eee eee 98 Benthamantha pumila Rose ......-.---------------+-----+------- 99 Cologania tenuis Rose .......---------+---+ +2222 +e eee eee eee 100 Odonia incana Rose. ...-.-. +--+. 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 102 Odonia viridiflora Rose.....---------- cece eee eee eee eee eee eee 103 Sphinctospermum constrictum (S. Wats.) Rose.......------------- 107 Tonoxalis confusa Rose, I. furcata Rose, and J. jaliscana Rose... -. 110 Terebinthus arida Rose ....-..-----------+----++--- ween eee ee eee 118 Polygala caleicola Rose. ...----------++-+++++-+-++ wee e eee ee eeee 122 Polygala nelsoni Rose ........---------- 0-22-22 e eee eee eee eee 122 Polygala turgida Rose. ......---------+-++++---+---- 2-2-2222 -- ee 123 «ening XII Puate XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XLVII. XLVIII. XLIX. L. LI. LII. LITI. LIV. LV. LVI. ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. Abutilon durangense Rose & York... 2.2... -.2-- 52-2 eee eee eeeeeeee Wissen lopans Ose. == 5.5. vc as svi cnt nae eaphasbtadoeta cues WE OE bi Gas ok eee oi a bidledes ak des ui a «Voy nce aes Diatoms of the genera Amphora, Achnanthes, and Dimeregramma. Diatoms of the genera Actinoptychus, Asteromphalus, and Steph- OMAR 5 x25 Wen 65 8 To SR o5 tk sek See eed cab edt oe Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia ......-..-..........--.2.--.-. Diatoms of the genus Biddulphia ...........-.222..222...2.1.-- Diatoms of the genus Coscinodiscus .............2..22.22.------ Diatoms of the genus Coscinodiscus ............2..22-.22-+-2--- Diatome of several genera ................-0--2--000022 ee ee eee Diatoms of the genera Melosira, Campylodiscus, and Trigonium. . Diatoms of the genera Plagiogramma and Navicula............-- Diatoms of the genus Navicula.........-.......2..2.22-2---205- Diatoms of the genus Tripodiscus .................22..2-22------ Asplenium salicifolium.................2......2.-2--20----0--- Aspleninm, Diplazium, Holodictyum........................--- TEXT FIGURES, Fig. 1. Beaucarnea quatemalensis. ..........2.. 22002222 eee eee eee een eee o> Ole OO bo OPO AROTTIAS on Soon wo aa Sein da cs oven ccn Ceccevubucecsc caubudwe . Dasylirion quadrangulatum .....2-.-2--2 222-2. eee eee eee eee eee pp ARCUOINEIS COMEDUORUR i. so 5s cabs io See oe bee ce accuse deat ccmeb ews VON GUGMAPONO ois onic wie cd See cee cect ect ced ececeewet eases fe UMNE SOMDOUE iss Saris 2H 5 ab tied oe Pikes unease ohn duecces cc NuesUee 123 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS a Uninen Stvres NATIONAL HERBARIUM = VoLUME X, ParT 1 NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES : OF FESTUCA By CHARLES V. PIPER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X, PART | NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA By CHARLES V. PIPER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE L906 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM: IssuED Marcu 380, L906. II PREFACE. The revisions of genera, descriptions of new species, and other systematic papers on grasses emanating from the Office of the Agros- tologist of the Department of Agriculture have heretofore been published as Bulletins of the Bureau of Plant Industry in that Depart- ment. In view, however, of the transfer of the grass herbarium to the Office of the Botanist, the Agrostologist has suggested that the accom- panying manuscript entitled ** North American Species of Festuca,” by Professor Charles V. Piper, be published in the series of Contribu- tions from the United States National Herbarium. This suggestion has been adopted. The author of the manuscript regrets that it was not possible to consult all the type specimens of the American spe- cies, several of which are in European herbaria, but he considered it preferable to offer his work for publication now rather than to delay it indefinitely. FREDERICK V. COVILLE, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. III CONTENTS. “ Page Introduction .... 22-22... 2222222 eee eee eee ] History of the genus ...-_..2.2222222200 2222 eee eee ee 1 Distribution .......2.22.2202000 000022 ee eee eee 5 Economic importance ......22.222..0.0-0-2-0-02 2000000 eee ee eee eee eee 6 Previously published illustrations of North American Festucas ..........-- 7 Descriptive terminology ...............2.-222-------- 2-2-2222 eee eee eee eee 8 Synopsis of United States and Canadian species _...........----...--------- 8 Notes on Mexican species ............-.-.2-22-----2- 2 eee eee eee ee eee ee 42 ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. PuatE I. Festuca confusa Piper....-... 22.2222 ee eee eee eee eee 13 Ll. Festuea eriolepis Desy .....22 22222. ee ee eee eee eee eee 14 III. Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper. ........2...-----.----------------- 14 IV. Festuca refleva Buckl ...-.-.. 2.22222. ee ee ee eee eee eee 15 V. Festuca megalura Nutt ...........-.-. eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eeeeee 17 VI. Festuca bromoides L ....-...------------ 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee 18 VIL. Festuca sciturea Nutt .....202..2..-2--2.----- 2-20-22 -eeeee eeeeeeeee 19 VIII. Festuca occidentalis Hook ...........---..--.---- 22-22-2022 02-222 --- 24 IX. Festuca howellii Vasey ....-...-------------+--+------------------- 31 X. Festuca aristulata (Torr.) Shear ....-.----------------- gece eee eee 32 XI. Festuca thurbert Vasey ....---..---------------+------------------- 33 XII. Festuea johnsoni Vasey.........-..2------- 20-025 eee ee eee eee ee eee 35 XIII. Festuca subulifiora Scribner ...... wee cece eee eee eee eee 36 XIV. Festuca elmeri Seribn. & Merrill..........2........--.------------ 37 XV. Festuca confinis Vasey ......-..---------- 22-2222 41 VI NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. By CHaries V. PIPER. INTRODUCTION. This treatment of the North American species of Festuca is based primarily on the material in the National Herbarium, but through the courtesy of those having the collections in charge, we have been able to examine the material in the Gray Herbarium, the New York Botan- ical Garden, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the ‘alifornia Academy of Sciences, the Michigan Agricultural College, and the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada. To all of these grateful acknowledgment is made. We have taken especial care to point out clearly the material basis for our interpretations of the various species that have been proposed. In the cases of Festuca ovina and Festuca rubra reliance is placed mainly on the classic work of Hackel in his Monographia Festucarum Europaearum, aided by a fine series of authentic specimens distributed by him. It is worthy of note that of the 30 native species of the genus in North America, here recognized, 3 have been collected but once, 2 others but twice, and a sixth species, /. rigescens, has been found but once north of South America. We have cited specimens only for special reasons, and have usually included only specimens of historic interest, or from numbered sets generally distributed. HISTORY OF THE GENUS. The name Festuca first appears in botanical literature, according to Trinius, in Dodoens’s work entitled *‘ Stirpium historiae pemptades sex, sive libri XXX Antwerpiae, ex officina Christophori Plantini,” pub- lished in 1588. Dodoens’s plant ‘‘/estuca altera” is, according to Trinius, Bromus secalinus L. Later pre-Linnean authors used the name in various ways, mostly, however, for species of Bromus. In the first edition of the Genera Plantarum, 1737, Linneeus cites two plates, namely, Dillenius, Catalogus Plantarum, plate 8, which is evidently some species of Bromus, and Scheuchzer, plate 5, figures 1 2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 13 to 16, inclusive, which represent, respectively, Bromus erectus, B. sterilis, B. arvensis, B. usper, Festuca gigantea, and £. elatior. In the fifth edition of the same work, 1754, the description, with a few very insignificant changes, is the same as in the first edition, but the citations of Dillenius and of Scheuchzer are omitted. In the first edition of Linneus’s Species Plantarum, 1753, from which the genus must by common acceptation date, eleven species are described in the following sequence: 7. ovina, FF. dur/useula, F- rubra, FF. amethystina, Fo inyuros, FL maritima, f. decumbens, F. elatior, FF. flruitans, and F. cristata. Of these species /° decumbens is the type of the genus Sieglingia of Bernhardi; /° flustans is Panienlaria fuctans Kuntze, and /! eristata is the type of the genus Koeleria of Persoon. The remaining species are generally included by authors in the genus Festuca, so that whether we accept the first species, #1 or/na, as the type of the genus, or follow the historic method of residues, the result in this genus is practically the same. Numerous other genera have, however, been proposed for species usually included in, or first referred to, Festuca. Chronologically con- sidered these are as follows: Vulpia Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805. Only one species included, () mayuros (Festuea myuros La). . ¥ Y Schedonorus Beauv. Agrost. 99. 1812. (Spelled ‘‘Schenodorus’”’ in the index of the same work. ) Based on seven species, of which the first is Festuee elatior L. Beauvois’ plate also seems to be of this species, but if so it is very faulty. ° Sclerochloa Beauv. Agrost. 97, 177. 1812. Based on Ja dura L., Pow procumbens Schreb., and Poa divaricata Beauy., all of which are nomina nuda, though ** Poa dura L.” (Cyno- surus durus Li.) is evidently an error for Poa dura Scop. Beauvois figures S. dura, Technically, perhaps, Sclerochloa is not published by Beauyois, in which view the genus would date from Beauvois in Reichenbach, Icones Florae Germanicae 1: 23. 1834, where the first species is likewise S. dura. This genus is generally accepted. Tragus Panzer, Denkschr. Acad. Minch. 1818: 296, 1814. Nine species were included by the author, none of which are figured. The first in position is 7. elatior (Festuca elatior L.). There is an older Tragus of Haller, 1768. PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA 3 Mygalurus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 92. 1821. Six species included, none figured, all annuals, of which the first, AM. caudatus, is Festuca myuros Li. De/[s|mazeria Dumort. Comm. Bot. 26. 1822. One species, )). s/eula, based on Poa sicula Jacq. Chloammia Raf. Neogenyt. 4. 1825, Two species cited, namely, Hestuca tenella and LF. bromotdes, The * Kestuca bromoides” of Michaux which is /. tenella Willd. is prob- ably intended. Dasiola Raf. Neogenyt. 4. 1825. Based on Festuca monandra Ell. (Dasiola elliotea Raf.) This is in all probability Festuca secured Nutt. Nardurus Reichenb. Incidentally mentioned under Bruchypodium tenellin Beauy. in Flora Germanica Excursoria 19, 1830, but apparently first properly published in Godron, Flore de Lorraine 3: L87. 1844. Godron included two species in this sequence, Vardurius tenellus, generally known as Festuca unilateralis Schrad. and .V. laehenalii, usually called Festuca lachenal// Spenn. Bucetum Parnell, Grasses of Scotland 8, 104. 1842. Four species were included in the following sequence: 2. loliaceum, J. pratense, B. elatius, and B. giganteum. ‘These are respectively Festuca loliacea, F. elatior, I. clatior, and FF. gigantea. The first is Festuca loliacea Curtis, a hybrid between Festuca elatior and Loliwmn perenne. The species are all figured in the above sequence. Micropyrum Link, Linnaea 17: 397. 1845. Based on the single species J/. tenellmimn Link, which is based on Tritiewm tenellum La (Festuca lachenaliy Spenn.). Festucaria Link, Linnaea 1'7: 398. 1843. Two species included, neither figured, /estucar(a tenuieua and J". psilantha, both of which are now considered subspecies of /estuca unilateralas Schrad. The name Festucaria has also been used for a genus based on /vstuca flu‘tans L. by Heister in Fabr. Enum. ed. 2, 373. 1763. Catapodium Link, Linnaea 17: 398. 1843. Based on 7riticum loliaceum Smith (oa loliacea Huds.). This genus is reduced to Festuca by Bentham and Hooker, but main- tained by Hackel. Scleropoa Griseb. Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 431. 1844. One species, S. rigéda Griseb., based on Poa rigida Li. Maintained as a genus by many authors, reduced to Festuca by others. 4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Castellia Tineo, Pl. Rar. Sic. 2: 17. 1846. Based on a single species, C. tubereulata Tineo, which is Festuca tuberculosa (Moris) Richter. Ctenopsis De Notaris, Ind. Sem. Hort. Gen, 352. 1847, A single species, C. pectinella De Notaris. (Festuca pectinella Delile.). Retained as a genus by Bentham and Hooker, but reduced to Festuca by Hackel. Leucopoa Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 383, 1853. One species, LZ. sthirica Griseb. Bentham and Hooker reduce this to Poa, and Hackel to Festuca. The species is clearly closely related to the West American Poas of the fendleriana group. Its only distinctive character is the awn-like excurrent midrib of the lemma, which character is approached by Poa subaristata Scribner, The genus, if not maintained, belongs with Poa and not with Festuca. | Amphigenes Janka, Linnaea 80: 619. 1860, Based on Festuca carpathica Dietr. Prosphysis Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 67. 1867. The author quotes Nardurus Reichenb. as a synonym and includes but one species, ?. tenellus, based on Nardurus tenellus Reichenb. This plant is considered by Ascherson and Graebner to be the same as Festuca maritima Synaphne Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 90. 1867. The only species is S. rigéda (Seleropoa rigida Griseb.) Distomomischus Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 91. 1867. The author quotes Vulpia Gmel. as a synonym and includes four species in this sequence: J), sciuroides (Festuca sciuroides Roth), D. myuros (Festuca myuros Li), D. etliatus (Festuca ciliata Danth.) and D. subunighumis (Festuca bromoides L.). None of these species are figured. Drymonaetes Khrh. This name occurs in Ehrhart, Beitrige 4: 147. 1789, but is first technically published as a genus in a paper by Fourreau, Ann. Soe. Linn. Lyon n. s. 17: 187. 1869. The only species is based on /estuca gigantea (Li) Vill. . Loretia Duval-Jouve, Rev. Sci. Nat. IT. 2: 38. 1880. Four species were described by the author as belonging to this genus, arranged as follows: Loretia setacea based on Festuca setacea Guss.; Z. tncrassata based on Bromus incrassatus Lam.; L. geniculata based on Bromus geniculatus li; and L. ligustica based on Bromus ligusticus All, No figures are published by Duval-Jouve, but he cités plates for each of the above species. PIPER—NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF FESTUCA. 5 Helleria Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 128. 1886. Based on Bromus lividus H. B. K. (Festuca ivida Willd.). Included in Festuca by Bentham and Hooker and by Hackel. An examination of the list of names shows that seven genera have been proposed for varying groups of perennial Festucas (excluding Leucopoa), and that fifteen names have been proposed for varying groups of the annual species. Of the former class none has received wide acceptation. In regard to the latter class there has been much difference of opinion. In the great modern works on plant genera the following views are’ maintained: Hackel, in Engler and Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien, recog- nizes Festuca, Sclerochloa, Catapodium, and Scleropoa as distinct, merging the remaining proposed genera, including Ctenopsis and Leucopoa, into Festuca. Bentham and Hooker include Catapodium and Seleropoa in Festuca, unite Leucopoa with Poa, but maintain Sclerochloa and Ctenopsis. Baillon follows Bentham and Hooker. Atropis (Puccinellia) is maintained as a genus by Hackel, but reduced to a section of Glyceria (Panicularia) by Bentham and Hooker and by Baillon. Ascherson and Graebner, in their recent treatment in Synopsis der Mitteleuropiiischen Flora, unite Atropis with Festuca, into which they also merge Sphenopus and Cutandia. We accept Hackel’s delimitation of the genus, but exclude Leucopoa. DISTRIBUTION. The genus Festuca is represented in all parts of the world, but prin- cipally in temperate or mountain regions. In Europe there are, accord- ing to Hackel,” 28 perennial species, but ona different species concept Richter? increases this number to 103. The European annual species number about 26. In North America we recognize 22 perennial and 12 annual species, two of each group introduced from Europe. In Mexico there are about 10 additional perennials, and in the remaining parts of tropical North America a few others. Excluding known synonyms there are still accredited to Asia about 32 species, to Africa about 43 species, to Australasia about 10 species, and to South America about 75 species. It is altogether probable that many of these are synonyms. « Monographia Festucarum Europaearum., > Plantae Europaeae. 6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. Several of the species of Festuca are of high agricultural value, both for grazing and for meadows. Among the former perhaps the most important is Festuca ovina, the sheep fescue, and its numerous sub- species, some of which are found native in most parts of the world. The most valuable American grass of this group is probably Pestuca ovina tnyrata Hackel, the ‘*blue bunch grass” of stockmen, which ranges from British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado. In parts of the range country, notably the Columbia Basin, it is con- sidered the second best of the range grasses. In Arizona and New Mexico this grass is replaced by the larger and coarser, but not less nutritious, Arizona bunch grass, /. ovina arizonica (Vasey) Hack. Other subspecies of Festuca ovina occur in alpine and subarctic regions, and furnish more or less abundant forage. Festuca rubra li. the red fescue, occurs in abundance along both sea coasts In sandy soil, and in the West is plentiful in the mountains at low altitudes. In restricted areas it is an important forage grass. Festuca altaica Trin, is abundant in Alaska, often covering large areas with its large tussocks. From very limited experience with it this grass seems to be quite as nutritious as its near allies. Festuca viridula Vasey is the most nutritious grass in the mountain parks of the Cascade, Blue, and Bitter Root mountains. It often occupies large areas in nearly pure growth. Unfortunately it is unable to withstand severe grazing, and consequently where sheep have been herded this grass has well-nigh disappeared. The annual species, especially /estuca octoflora, are of considerable value in semiarid grazing regions. They spring up very quickly when the rainy season begins in the fall, furnishing grazing when nothing else is available, and again in early spring they provide the first green forage. Festuca elatior L., the tall fescue, a European species, is very valu- able as a hay and pasture grass, but in this country is little grown as yet, except in the eastern portion of Kansas and Nebraska. Restoration of Odonia, with its Mexican species. ....------------------- The sessile-flowered species of Parosela in Mexico......---------------- Sphinctospermum, a new genus ...-------- Le eee eee eee ee eee eee Krameriacese ........----------- eee eee ee errr The North American species of Krameria .....------------------------- (leraniaceae@ ......------- 2-2-2 eee ee ee eee eee eects Three new species of Geranium. ...----.-----------+-22 22250 2e errr Oxalidaceae..........2.22- 2.22222 ee cece cece eee eee ee sete sees seers Introductory note .....-.---------- +2222 2-2 erect Some Mexican species of Tonoxalis ..-..---------------++-2 +2202 2 2 0ere , Mexican and Central American species of Lotoxalis.....-..------------- Restoration of Biophytum ......-.----------- +--+ +--+ 2-22 eee errr eee Pseudoxalis, a new genus .....---------0 + +2222 22 eee eee Linaceae......------- 2-2 ee ee ee ee ee eee terete Two new species of Linum........------------ +--+ +++ 2222222 eee cere Balsameacene ........-------- 2-2 eee eee eee eee tect ee Restoration of Terebinthus, with its Mexican species.....--------------- v VI CONTENTS. Polygalaceae .. 2-2... 2..00000 0202222 e eee eee Three new species of Polygala........22.... Malvaceae .. 2.22. .2.22222-0.0000 020202222 Abutilon, a new species and a new name... - Two new species of Wissadula.........2.... Hypericaceae ...22..-22..22220-0200-0020 202222 ee Escontria, a new genus... 20002. .22 22 New species of Opuntia and Eciinocactus. . - Apiaceae 2.2.2.0. 2022002000202 eee Arracacia, new and old species .... 2.2.2... - Deanea, new and old species ...... 2.2.2... Eryngium, new and old species ...2.. 2.2... Prionosciadium, new and old species ....... Species of several genera........22.22.2..-- Addendum .........2.2.0002000000002002.22.022. ‘ave 122 122 123 128 123 124 124 125 125 125 125 126 127 127 127 128 129 130 131 131 131 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. Puare XVI. Echinocactus robustusand Mamillaria angularis.....----------- 83 XVII. Opuntia tunicata and Echinocactus ingens. ....----- +2025 02+-+- 83 XVIII. Pilocereus fulviceps .....---------2 22000202 eee cree 83 MIN. Cereus hollianus........-.------+-+---- 2-22-20 e rece eee 83 NX. Cereus slellatus ....2.2.--------2 222222 eee eee 83 XXL. Cereus weberi o... 0022-02222 eee ee 84 XXII. Fouquieria spinosa ......2-2-- 250-2222 2 2 eer ect c cree 85 XXIII. Beauearnea vedipus .....2-------- 2-2-2022 e ener ree 88 XXIV. Calibanus caespitosus ....--.2.------- 2220 eee eee cece 90 XXV. Calibanus caespitosus . 022.2222. 22-22 eee eee erect 90 XXVI. Potentilla lozani........-.-5---0 2-2-0 20 eee eee ee eee 95 XXVIII. Alehemilla procumbens. ....------------222 20-222 c tree 96 XXVIII. Pithecolobium revolutum .......2---+-- 2220-222 eee eee eee eee 96 XXIX. Hojffmanseggia arida.......-----+-2-2 222-20 e eter eter 98 XXX. Benthamantha pumila .......----+--2-- 222220022 r rere 99 XXNI. Cologaniatenwis........-+-2 2222-52222 eee tree reece 100 XXXII. Odonia incana......-2---. 2-22-22 eee eee eee 102 XXXII. Odonia viridiflora ........-----------2 2-22-2222 - cc cree 108 XXXIV. Sphinctospermuin constrictum ....-------+22222225 25252 r tree 107 XXXV. Tonowalis confusa, 1. furcata, and I. jaliscana...-------+--++-+-- 110 XXXVI. Terebinthusarida. ooo... -------2-2 22-222 eee ee eee 118 XXXVI. Polygala caleicolu 0.2.0.2. 22222 eee eee eee eee 122 XXXVIILI. Polygala nelsoni. oo... 2-22-2222 222 122 XXXIX. Polygala turgida ......------+--222 2-22-22 e rect 123 XL. Abutilon durangense ...--------- 0-22-2222 20020 123 XLI. Wissadula lozani.......------------ 2-2-2 eee eer 124 XLII. Caleeolaria humilis. ........2---.-2---- 2-2-2022 eee eee 125 XLII. Escontria chiotilla and Cephalocereus macrocephalus....-..--+-- 126 TEXT FIGURES. Page. Fic. 1. Beauearnea guatemalensis......--------- 2-2-2022 t rrr c creer 88 9 Beaucarnea inermis .....-.------------- 2-2 eee rere 88 3. Dasylirion quadrangulatuin ... 2-222-222-2225 rere teeter ccc 89 4. Calibanus caespitosus.. 2.2.2... 2222-22222 eee eee terete terre 90 5. Nolina altamiranoand....-.----------- 0-22 e- eter 91 6. Nolina elegans..-----+--+--+---- 22222 rece cere rere ttre 91 STUDIES OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS —NO. 5." By J. N. Rose. INTRODUCTORY NOTES. The following studies consist largely of descriptions of new species from the rich gleanings of Dr. C. G. Pringle and Dr. E. Palmer, and of various Government collectors. Of the latter, Messrs. E. W. Nelson and K. A. Goldman continue year after year to send in large accessions. Very large amounts of material have also been obtained by myself and assistants, aggregating now more than 10,000 numbers. On May 15, 1905, I was authorized by the Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution to proceed to Mexico for the purpose of making botanical explorations, this being my fifth commission of the kind. Mr. Jos. H. Painter, also of the National Museum, was for the second time sent with me, and his previous experience, together with his enthusiasm for botanical exploration, added greatly to the success of the expedition. My son, Joseph S. Rose, accompanied us as a private assistant. The City of Mexico was made our principal base, and thither we returned repeatedly during the season. We made short trips thence to Tlalpam, San Angel, Santa Fe, Guadalupe, Tlalnepantla, and the Hacienda de la Encarnacién, all in the Valley of Mexico; also longer trips to Cuernavaca and Yautepec in Morelos, to Tula, Pachuca, Somoriel, and Tulancingo in Hidalgo, and to Iguala in Guerrero. With Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, as a base, work was done on the neighboring mountains and plains, and a side trip was taken to the Sierra de la Mesa, some 20 miles to the east. With San Juan del Rio as a base, a trip was made through the cactus deserts of Querétaro. With Tehuacain, Puebla, as a base, a considerable amount of work was done on the plains and mountains about that town, whence, also, side trips were made to Tomellin and San Sebastian. @Continued from Vol. VIII, p. 339, of the Contributions. 80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The following table will show in detail the places visited, the date of each visit, and the number of miles traveled in,course of this trip: Itinerary. 1905. Miles. June 30. City of Mexico to Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, and return....-.------ 15 July 1. City of Mexico to Guadelupe, Distrito Federal, and return .....---- 10 3. City of Mexico to Tula, Hidalgo, by rail ...... 0022.22.22 2 e eee eee 50 3-4. Tula to local stations both east and west ......-------------------- 10 4. Tula to City of Mexico, by rail....--.---------- +--+ 2-222 eee reese 50 6, City of Mexico to Tlalnepantla, Distrito Federal, and return, by rail. ..- 2. cee eee eee eee eee gee eee ete eee eee 15 7-8. City of Mexico to Hacienda de la Encarnacion, Mexico and return, by rail....2-2---.-- 22222-2222 eee eee etter 45 9, City of Mexico to Sierra Guadelupe and return, by trolley .....----- 20 9. City of Mexico to Yautepec, Morelos, by rail ...-------+-+-+-----+-- 98 11-12. Yautepec to pedregal .......-------- +--+ ++ +222 errr cece errr 12 13. Yautepec to City of Mexico, by rail ....-.-------+--+-+++-+----+--- 98 15. Mexico to Santa Fe, Distrito Federal, and return, by trolley....---- 20 18. City of Mexico to Pachuca, Hidalgo, by rail ........-------+------- 61 19. Pachuca to Real del Monte and return.......--------------------- 10 290. Pachuca to mountains northwest of the town and return ......----- 5 21. Pachuea to Hacienda Palmar and return ........------------------ 10 2°, Pachuca to Tulancingo, Hidalgo, and return, by rail.....---------- 102 24. Pachuca to Sierra de Pachuca and return ........---------+--+--+--- 10 25, Pachuca to Tetepango, Hidalgo, by rail....--.--------------+-+--- 30 25. Tetepango to Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, by stage. ..-.-.---+--------+--- 42 26. Ixmiquilpan to chalk plain west of town. .....----+--++---------+> 10 27. Ixmiquilpan to mountains on Zimapan road. ......---+-+-++++--+-- 10 28, Ixmiquilpan to mountains south of town. ....--.-----+++-+--+----- 6 29, Ixmiquilpan to mountains south of town. ...-..----+---+++++-++---+ 12 30. Ixmiquilpan to plain south of town. ..-.--.------+-+-+++----28 ere 2 31. Ixmiquilpan to Sierra de la Mera, Hidalgo ...--.-----------+------ 25 Aug. 1. Sierra de la Mesa to barranca and return... .-.----+ 0 --++----++509+ 6 1. Sierra de la Mesa to Ixmiquilpan.......------------------------°- 25 2. Along Ixmiquilpan River.......-----------+--------+++++-----00- 2 3. Ixmiquilpan to limestone mountain south of town. ..---.---------- d 4. Ixmiquilpan to Tetepango, by stage ..-----.----+---+--+---+22225- 42 4, Tetepango to Pachuca, by rail ....-----------------+---+-+-+-077- 30 5. Pachuca to Somoriel, by rail.....---------------------+--r creer 29 5. Somoriel to Las Lajas ......-------- Lee eee eee eee eee eee 6 5. Las Lajas to Pachuea, by rail ....--------------------++--2------> 35 6. Pachuca to City of Mexico, by rail ....-..-------------++---+----+- 61 9. City of Mexico to Iguala, Guerrero, by rail ......----------------- 147 10. Iguala to loeal stations, both east and west......--+-------------+- 10 11. Iguala to Los Amates and return .....-.--------+++---2--- 55 cr rere 18 12. Iguala to mountains west of town and return. ....-.--+------+----- 10 13. Iguala to City of Mexico, by rail ...---.-----------+-+-++--+++-77- 147 14. City of Mexico to Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, and return, by trolley. - - 15 15. City of Mexico to San Angel and return, by trolley......---------- 10 17. City of Mexico to San Juan del Rio, Querétaro, by rail ....-------- 119 17. San Juan del Rio to red hill west of town......------------------- 4 18. San Juan del Rio to local stations, both east and west ....--------- 10 MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 81 ROSE 1905. Miles. Aug. 19. San Juan del Rio to Hacienda de Ciervo.......................... 24 20. On hills of Hacienda de Ciervo...................2.-22.--2.. 10 21. Hacienda de Ciervo to Cadereyta............0....2 222 9 22, Cadereyta to Visaron.....2..22.22020.02.2.2- 2-22 15 23. Visuron to Higuerillas....2.22...0000..22220002 202 12 24. Higuerillas to San Pablo.......22.0.2..2..-...0 2222 18 25. San Pablo to Hacienda de Ciervo................ 2.2... 30 26, Hacienda de Cieryo to San Juan del Rio.......2.2.. 22. 24 27. San Juan del Rio to Mexico City, by rail ...-2-.-002.0.2. 2. 119 29. City of Mexico to Tehuacsin, Puebla, by rail ..............--.. 2... 208 30. Tehuaciin to El Riego .2...2.0..02202002-022. 200. ee 2 30, EL Riego to limestone hillside. ............0.2 2222. 5 31. EL Riego to hill east of Tehuacin.......222222202-2 00 10 Sept. 1. EI Riego to limestone hillside.......222.22-22-000.0..222 5 2. KI Riego to limestone hillside..........-..0.020.20200 5 3. ET Riego to limestone hillside... 0200222222222 10 4. I Riego to Tomellin, Oaxaca, by rail .222.222.-0-..0 222. 83 4-5, Tomellin to canyon and river flats ...20..2.2000................ 7 5. Tomellin to El Riego, by rail....2.020000222020-0002-02 20 83 6. El Riego to red hills east of Tehnaccn ...222.2..22....0.2-202 10 7. El Riego’to San Sebastidn and return, by rail oe 48 8. El Riego to mountains west.....0.22.2222..-..........-. eee eee ee 3 9. Tehuaciin to Puebla, by rail... 200.002 22222222 2 79 10. Puebla to City of Mexico, by rail......22202.0020202.02...2- 2. 129 12-15. City of Mexico to Cuernavaca, Morelos, and return, by rail 2.22222. 148 The herbarium material collected consists of more than 2,000 num- bers (8222-10251), a full set of which has been mounted for the National Herbarium. A part of this is reported upon in this paper. Besides the herbarium material some 365 numbers of bulbs, roots, and succu- lents, the latter consisting chiefly of cacti, were sent to Washington, Many of these are new in cultivation and not a few are undescribed. Not many of the cacti have yet flowered and hence a full list of these introductions can not be given. Most of the plants listed below were collected by me either on my last or on my previous trips to Mexico. Mexican plants recently introduced hy J. N. Rose, —No. 4. r Catalogue Name, atalog Remarks. number. CACTACEAR, Cereus hollianus Weber. 2.222.222... 05. 1305 Hehinocactus flavovivens Scheidw Q5, 1289 Hehinocactis ornatus DU... O05, 1244 Nehinocactus robustus Link & Otto. ..| O05. 1283 Eehinocereus tuberosus Rumph......- 05. 1001 Flowered in 1906. Mamillaria earnea Zuce..... 22.2. Q5, 1139 Mamillaria elegans DC.........2---- 05, 1280 Manillaria elongata DC.....2..---.. 0d. L137 Mamillaria erecta Lem... 2.22... 05. 1140 | 82 Mexican plants recently introduced by J. N. Rose—No Name. CACTACEAE—continued. Mamillaria longimamma DC Mamillaria mutabilis Scheidw Mamillaria uneinata Zuce Opuntia brandegei Schum Opuntia pilifera Weber .....-------- | CRASSULACEAE. Cremnophylla nutans Rose Echeveria byrnesi Rose y Echeveria campanulata Rose. - -- - - - - - Echeveria goldmani Rose Echeveria pinetorum Rose Echeveria rubromarginata Rose... .-. | Echeveria scopulorum Rose Echeveria sessiliflora Rose. ...--.---- Echeveria simulans Rose Echeveria tolucensis Rose Echeveria turgida Rose Echeveria sp. nov Echeveria sp. nov Echeveria sp. nov New genus near Echeveria Sedum sp. nov MISCELLANEOUS. Beaucarnea sp. nov Calibanus gen. nOv....--.---------- Oxalis sp...... 22-222 eee Dasylirion sp ...-.----------------- Dasylirion sp........-.------+-+--- Dasylirion sp Dasylirion sp Catalogue number. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. . 4—Continued. Remarks. 05. 05. 06. 05. 1284 — 11005 | 11013. 93 1035 .1159- - My chief interest being at present in the Cactaceae, these were made ' Collected by Mr. FE. A. Goldman in Lower California. Flowered in April, 1906. | January, 1905. Sent by Doctor Purpus and Mr Meyers. January, 1906. Sent by Doctor Pringle. | March, 1906. Sent by Mr. Maxon from Guate mala. Sent by Mr. Maxon from Guate- mala. In March, 1906. the first object of our quest, as a result of which about 150 specimens have been added to the herbarium, while perhaps 200 living specimens were sent to Washington. The most interesting cactus region visited was Ixmiquilpan, where, with the veteran botanical collector, Dr. C. A. PLATE XVI, Nat. Herb., Vol. X, Contr. ‘OLLO DP ANIT SINVINENY VIET A—'9 ‘OLLO ®P ANID SNLSNEOY SNLOVOONIHOA—"y PLATE XVII. INGENS ZUCC, TUS | CT B.—ECHINOCA A.—-OPUNTIA TUNICATA LINK & OTTO, PLATE XVIII. “HSGSIM Sd30IATING SNSYHSR001d "Y39SM Sd30IAINA SNBHIOOTNd ' mn mii: aa ” A RS wee aig ve ere nok PLAT! XIX. Contr. Nat. Herb. Wol. PLATE XX, CEREUS STELLATUS PFEIFFER. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 83 Purpus, as a guide, about twenty species were studied. Here on the dry white chalky plain are found many striking forms. One of the most interesting of these is Mamillaria angularis Link & Otto, form- ing great clumps consisting of many individuals (Pl. XVI). Here is also found a giant Echinocactus (4. ¢ngens 7), the flesh of which is much employed in making a highly prized confection. The plant grows to be sometimes as much as 2.4 meters tall with a diameter of 90 to 120 em. The body is cut into sections resembling American cheeses about 60 cm. in diameter and 15 to 20 cm. thick, and these are sent to the candy factory where they are boiled with sugar and made into a candy or **dulee” somewhat resembling preserved citron (Pl XVII). In the same region Opuntiu dmbricata, O. tunicata (Pl. XVID), O. Aleimae, and other Opuntias were abundant, and here we found a natural hybrid between Opuntia microdasys and another Opuntia which has not been specifically identified. Both species were growing near the hybrid. While O. microdasys is a low, pubescent, spineless species, the other parent is tall, glabrous, and spiny, and the hybrid is somewhat inter- mediate in size and without pubescence or spines. So far as my observation goes natural hybrids are not common among the Cacta- ceae, Another very interesting cactus desert which we visited is situated around Tehuacin. It is remarkable especially for the great display of tree species belonging to Cereus, Pilocereus, Cephalocereus, and Opuntia. The cactus species of all genera seen here numbered 22. Two species of Echinocactus (7. flavescens, 1. robustus (Pl. XVI1)) form great clumps, very much larger than any I had ever seen before. In the case of /. robustus it was not uncommon to see masses 1 to 1.3 meters high and 3 meters in diameter, and in one example nearly 5 meters in diameter. These masses must have contained hundreds, if not thousands, of individuals. A photograph of /. rohustus is here reproduced. On the hills east of the town are great forests of the huge Cephalo- cereus macrocephalus (Pl. XLIIT, facing p. 126), which in many respects resembles the much better known Cephalocercus senilis. Unlike the latter, however, it develops a very woody trunk. Another striking species is Pilocereus fulviceps (Pl. XVID, which has a short, stout, woody trunk and hundreds of nearly erect branches reaching a height of 12 to 15 meters. These branches set very close together and form a cylindrical mass, not infrequently 5 meters in diameter. Pilocereus chrysomallus, which grows to the height of 2 to 3 meters, is a common plant, while Cereus hollianus (Pl. XTX) is so common as to be used as a hedge plant. Its fruit is as large asa gooseegg. Another Cereus near C. stel/atus (Pl. XX) is very common and furnishes fruit for the market. Lscontria chiotilla (Pl. XLITI, facing p. 126) is still @See p. 126. 84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. another of the tree cacti here found. This species produces small yellow flowers and a fruit clothed with thin papery scales. The fruit is a common article in the markets, sold under the names of chiotilla, ‘* veotilla,” tuna, ete. Here, and farther south, near Tomellin Cation, is perhaps the real giant of the cactus family. A single tree often produces hundreds of nearly erect branches, and the quantity of mate- rial wrapped up must amount to many tons. Unfortunately I failed to find it either in flower or in fruit, but its habit, spines, ete., would indicate that it isa near relative of Cereus pecten-aboriginum (Pl. XX1), which I have found as far inland as Cuernavaca. This plant, doubtless, like many other cacti, has two or more names already.” Hardly less interesting was the little Pe/ecyphora pusilla, which had recently been discovered also by Doctor Purpus near Tehuacin. For nearly a week we explored hill after hill and not until we were completely discour- aged did we find this little plant on the top of a hill almost hidden in the gray pebbles and sand. A third cactus region explored was in the desert of Querétaro. Fit- ting out at San Juan del Rio we traveled northeast to Cadereyta and then east toward Zimapan as far as Higuerillas, thence north nearly to Toloman, returning by the way of Cadereyta to San Juan del Rio, On this trip 86 species were examined, of which 9 were Opuntias and 15 were Mamillarias. The so-called Mamdllaria clava was especially abundant, often forming clumps of 50 or more plants each ¥ feet high. Each plant would have 10 to 12 large yellow flowers open at one time, the whole clump thus making a most gorgeous display. Many fine specimens of Lehinocactus ornutus were seen, but unfortunately only a single living specimen reached Washington. In the same desert were found Lehinocactus grusonii, Ee. turbiniformis, and Ee dagens. Perhaps the raost interesting rediscovery made was that of the touquierta spinosa of Humboldt, Bonpland, and Kunth, or, as it is now called, 7. fasciculata. Nearly ten years ago, while making some pre- liminary studies on the genus Fouquieria, I looked up Humboldt’s original station and found it to be in the State of Hidalgo. Since then every proposed itinerary of mine in Mexico has included a trip to this type locality, but as the station is far from railroad connections the trip has repeatedly been given up. I had looked in vain for the plant in the dry parts of Hidalgo. Inquiry was made of botanical colleetors in Mexico, but without success. The species has therefore remained a prominent desideratum. It will be recalled that as long ago as 1844 Mr. Bentham referred a plant from southern Lower California to 7) spénosa and various speci- mens since collected in Lower California and western Mexico have accordingly thus been labeled. To those at all familiar with the floral a Later determined as C. weberi. FAL MOD lAgdAM SNAYAD Gah HID tdadamM ollagqay PLaTe XX\I, Contr. Nat Herb Vv PLATE XXII. sm aes “ FOUQUIERIA SPINOSA H. B. K. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 85 regions of Mexico such a distribution of the species seems most unnat- ural. This western material has been seeregated by Mr. Nash under the name of /. pendnsularis and LP. macdougali’. While planning for the trip to Ixmiquilpan [ learned from Dr. C. A. Purpus that there was a Fouquieria along the stage road from Tetepango to Ixmiquilpan. As this road runs near Actopan I felt convinced that this was the plant for which I had so long been looking. During the stage ride of 40 miles only a single specimen was observed, but this fortunately was a very fine one. A photograph of it is here shown (Pl. XXII). Some days afterwards while making an excursion some 20 miles east of Ixmiquilpan we found this species in great abundance growing on the hills with the oldman cactus, P//ocerens senilis, and with Dasylirion quadrangulatum. And again while making our trip through the des- ert of Querétaro we found the plant growing profusely on the dry hills and on the walls of the canyons. Among the poor natives it is known as chiquiia. They use the stems for the sides of their rude huts and to form first a fence and then a hedge about their yards. The stems are placed close together forming a compact paling, well defended by the sharp recurved spines which are revealed after the leaves fall off. The stems easily root and then form a permanent hedge. It is not uncommon to see the naked stems giving off bright red clusters of flowers from their upper axils. The photograph gives a good idea of the habit of the plant. The material collected, of which there is an abundance, shows that the species instead of being the most remote is perhaps the nearest relative of o®quderda formosa. The material, although not yet critically studied, also indicates that it is very close to Fouguieria campanulata, At Ixmiquilpan we collected material of the so-called Dasylirion hooker’, which has led to the ascertainment of the real identity of this very curious plant. It was long ago (1859) figured in the Botanical Magazine and wrongly referred to Dasylirion hartwegi. Then it seems to have been lost sight of until 1904, when a specimen was sent to Washington by Mr. C. R. Orcutt from San Luis Potosi, This speei- men being without flowers, fruit, or foliage, its relationship could only be guessed at. In habit it resembled a great puffball with a thick corky bark like that of an oak and of a loose cellular structure within. Later in the year the Department of Agriculture commissioned Dr. E. Palmer to collect the plant near San Luis Potosi. Some 10 or 12 fine specimens were received from him, but these have remained perfectly dormant up to the present. Having learned from Doctor Purpus that he had seena similar plant near [xmiquilpan, when I visited that place, a day was spent with him in hunting for it in its habitat on the tops of mountains. Specimens are not at all common and so much do they resemble moss-covered bowlders or old stumps that one may easily 86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. overlook them. Flowers were collected, and later Doctor Purpus sent me fruit. These show clearly that this plant is distinct from both Dasylirion and Nolina, though much nearer the latter. About Tehuacdin two remarkable species of Beaucarnea were discov- ered, both of which seem to be undescribed. One of them has a most singular trunk, at first nearly globular but afterwards sending up a slender stem which becomes more or less branched. The swollen base takesona multitude of shapes, but isalways very large ascompared with the rest of the plant. One such measured at 0.6 meters above the : use, 6.3 meters in circumference, and at 1.8 meters above the base contracted abruptly into the slender stem proper. The basal expansion is made up of very loose cellular tissue which when dead and dry is aln ost as light as cork, This club-footed base suggests the specific name used elsewhere in this paper for this species. The aspect of the plant is shown in Pl. XXIII, facing page 88. Dasylirion quadrangulatum S$. Wats., while perhaps not uncommon in cultivation, is not often met with even in our larger herbaria. This species was found to be very common in eastern Hidalgo and the drier parts of Querétaro. It forms a very distinct trunk 120 to 150 em. long below the crown of leaves and sends up a flowering stem 3.6 to 4.5 meters lone. The leaves are very unlike those of all the other species, being very thick and narrow and not prominently saw-toothed. They are often 3 meters long. In some parts of Querétaro the natives use them asa thatch for their houses. They call the plant junquillo. Material of tle small parasite Pilostyles (or Apodanthes) of the Rafllesiaceae was collected at five localities, two near [xmiquilpan, one in the desert of Querétaro, and two near Tehuacdin. Whether more than one species was obtained I have not yet determined, but there were two or three hosts, each being some species of Parosela. According to Doctor Robinson Pilostyles has been reported only three times from North America, once by Geo. Thurber and twice by Dr. GC. G. Pringle. Material was collected, however, by Mr. Fred- erick V. Coville in Texas in 1904 and by Dr. E. Palmer in San Luis Potosi in 1905. This genus, in North America at least, is always parasitic on some genus of Viciaceae, generally on Parosela. The plants are minute, reduced simply to flower parts, which may account for the fact that the species have been so very rarely collected. Unless one has seen specimens or is looking particularly for them he will readily pass them by as secretions or insect work. All-new species here described are based upon specimens in the United States National Herbarium-and when two or more collectors are cited the type specimen is definitely stated. The line drawings are the work of Miss Juliet C. Patten, except that plate 25 was made by the late Frederick A. Walpole and plate 40 by Homer D. House. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 87 LILIACEAE. DASYLIRION AND ITS ALLIES. After passing in review the specimens and descriptions of Dasylirion and Nolina I have become convinced that certain species should be excluded from both and brought together into a third genus. Some of these species have long been known as Beaucarnea and are an attractive sight in every large conservatory. The discovery of female flowers and mature fruits of the so-called widsylirion hookeri furnishes data which Justify its segregation also, The following key will point out the essential differences in these genera: Ovary 1-celled; fruit strongly 3-winged. Stems strongly bulbose at base; leaves never saw-toothed; in- florescence a broad open panicle ...........----.------------- BEAUCARNEA. Stems never bulbose at base; leaves saw-toothed (except in one species); inflorescence an elongated spike-like panicle. .......- DASYLIRION. Ovary 3-celled; fruit not at all winged. Fruit not 3-lobed, its walls very thick and woody, not dropping away; trunk a swollen globular body..........--------------- CALIBANUS. Fruit strongly 3-lobed, its wall very thin, soon dropping away; trunk if present never swollen ...............---------------- NOLINA. BEAUCARNEA.” The genus Beaucarnea was described by Lemaire in 1861 with &. recurrata as the type. Two other species (2. striata and LB. gracilis) were also described by him. In 1872 and also in 1881 J. G. Baker monographed the genus, combining with it the much older genus Nolina. He describes twelve species and several varieties. In 1875 S. Watson monogiraphed the United States species of Nolina, stating that the Mexican species of Beaucarnea described by Mr. Baker should doubtless be referred to Nolina. Three years after Mr. Baker’s last paper Mr. Hemsley again takes up the name Nolina, and so the two names have been alternating, first one and then the other receiving the sanction of botanists. In America the name Nolina, being much the older, has generally been accepted by botanists, while gardeners throughout the world have, asa rule, clung to Beaucarnea. After a careful study of the species along with those of Dasylirion it seems clear that both genera should be retained. For at least two accepted species of Dasylirion with several referred to Beaucarnea and Nolina form a very natural genus «bundantly distinct from both Nolina and Dasylirion. The genus Beaucarnea has the inflorescence and foliage similar to those of Nolina while the fruit is much like that of Dasylirion; hence heretofore those species of Beaucarnea a BEAUCARNEA Lemaire, Illust. Hortic. 8: Mise. 57. pl. 303. 1861. Type species B recurvata. 4153—voL x, pr 3—06 2 88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. known only from foliage or flowering specimens have been referred to Nolina while those collected. in fruit have been described as Dasy- lirion. Beaucarnea rarely flowers in cultivation and, being dioecious or nearly so, its fruit has rarely if ever been obtained. ° Monographers therefore have associated Beaucarnea and Nolina together because of the similarity of their leaves. Beaucarnea guatemalensis. Rose, sp. nov. FIGURE 1. Tree, 6 to 12 meters high with a thickened bulbous base abruptly contracted into a slender stem 5 to 8 em. in diameter; swollen base covered with a thick corky bark 6 cm. thick; upper part of stem smooth and with very thin bark; leaves numer- ous, clustered at the top as in the common cultivated Beaucarneas, erect (?), broad at base (4 to 5 em. broad), 10 to 15 mm. broad im- mediately above the base, 25 mm. broad 20 cm. from base, gradually tapering upward into a long fili- form tip 60 to 80 cm. long, the margin entire; male inflorescence an open panicle, 75 to 110 em. long; female inflorescence not seen; fruit 15 mm. long, strongly 3-winged; wings thin, 4 to5 mm. Fig. 1.—Fruit of Beaucarnea guatemalensis. a, Side view; b, cross section showing seed; ¢, cross section showing } 1 undeveloped ovules at base, All seale 2. road. Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 474781, collected by W. A. Kellerman in a rocky ravine on the south side of the Sierra de las Minas, opposite El Rancho, Guatemala, altitude about 600 meters, on March 10, 1905 (no. 4820), This species belongs with B. inermis and B. pliabilis, but the fruit is broader-winged than in the former and the leaves are broader than in the latter, Beaucarnea inermis (S. Wats.) Rose. FIGURE 2. Dasylirion inermis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 157. 1891. This remarkable tree, although com- mon in its native haunts, has until very recently only been known from the specimens obtained by Dr. C. G. Pringle near Las Palmas in the low Fig, 2.—Fruit of Beaucarnea inermis, a, Side view: 1 1 : is Luis P . OD E b, cross section showing seed; ¢, cross section show- ‘ 4 ands of San AUIS otost. re I. ing undeveloped ovules at base, All scale 2. Palmer collected it in 1905 in this same general region. The writer observed it in 1899, but obtained no specimens. Beaucarnea oedipus Rose, sp. nov. Puare XXIII. Trees 6 to 12 meters or more high; the base variously and enormously enlarged, at first a globular body crowned by a clump of leaves but in very old plants more or less dome-shaped and 1 to 2 meters high by 2 to 7 meters in circumference; the trunk above the base comparatively slender, often much branched, each branch crowned by a cluster of slender leaves; leaves erect, linear, 25 to 40 em. long, 4 to 6 mm. broad above the base; inflorescence paniculate; fruit 3-winged. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453660, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on hills near Tehuacin, Puebla, August and September, 1905 (no. 10157). Also collected from the same station by Dr. Wm. Trelease, August, 1903, and by Dr. C. R. Purpus, 1905. PLATE XXIII. BEAUCARNEA OEDIPUS ROSE. BEAUCARNEA OEDIPUS ROSE, ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 89 Beaucarnea pliabilis (Baker) Rose. Dasylirion pliabile Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 18: 240, 1881. B. pliabilis has heretofore only been known from Schott’s specimen collected many years ago at Sisal, Yucatan. In 1902 Mr. FE. A. Goldman collected leaves and took photographs of this species at Progreso not far from Sisal. These indicate a species closely related to B. guatemalensis, but the leaves are shorter and perfectly smooth and evidently belong to a quite distinct plant. Collected by E. A Goldman at Progreso, Yucatan, February 24 to March 5, 1901 (no. 607, photograph no. 2211). Beaucarnea purpusi Rose, sp. nov. Tree 6 to 8 meters high, somewhat swollen at base, a little branched, the trunk almost completely clothed by the reflexed and closely appressed old leaves; leaves at first erect, then spreading, and at last reflexed, long-persisting, very pale, 50 to 60 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, the margin pale and entire. Type specimen U.S. National Herbarium no. 453659, colleeted by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near Tehuacin, Puebla, in 1905 (no. 10156). Beaucarnea recurvata Lemaire, Illust. Hortic. 8: Misc. 59. 1861. Beaucarnea recurvata was introduced into cultivation from Mexico about 1845, but the station from which it was obtained is not known. The specimen cited under this name in the Biologia Centrali-Americana belongs to a true Nolina, N. alta- miranoana, Beaucarnea stricta Lemaire, [lust. Hortic. 8: Misc. 61. 1861. Beaucarnea stricta is a glaucous-leaved species, only known from garden speci- mens. It is often confused with Nolina hartwegiana and B. recurvata. Beaucarnea glauca, another garden plant, may or may not belong here. DASYLIRION,“ After excluding the species belonging to Nolina and Beaucarnea eleven species still remain belonging to Dasylirion. Some of these are not very well known. Below is given a list of them with the descrip- tion of one that is new. Dasylirion acrotrichum Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 38: 228. 1843. Dasylirion berlandieri $. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 249. 1879. Dasylirion flexile ©. Koch, Ind. Sem. Hort. | Fie. 3.—Fruit of Dasylirion quadrangulatum. Berol. 1867: app. 1. 5. 1867, a, Side view; b, cross section showing seed; e, cross section showing undeveloped Dasylirion glaucophyllum Hook. Bot. ovules at base. All scale 2. Mag. 84: pl. 5041. 1858. Dasylirion graminifolium Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 8: 225. 1843. Dasylirion longissimum Lem. Illustr. Hortic. 3: Mise. 91. 1856, Das,lirion quadrangulatum 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 250. 1879. Ficure 3. Dasylirion serratifolium Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 3: 225. 1843. Dasylirion texanum Scheele, Linnaea 23: 140. 1850. Dasylirion wheeleri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 249. 1879. #DasyLirion Zuce, Otto & Dietr. Alle. Gartenz. 6: 258. 1838, 90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Dasylirion lucidum Rose, sp. nov. Stems one to two meters high, crowned by a cluster of leaves; leaves 40 to 60 cm. long, 12 to 13 mm. broad above the enlarged base, greenish-yellow, smooth and shining on both surfaces, the marginal teeth reddish brown, the edge serrulate between the teeth, the apex resolving into a long tuft of fibers; inflorescence panic- ulate, 2 to 8 meters high including the peduncle; male racemes rather slender, 5 to 6 cm. long; fruiting panicle narrow and dense, the racemes appressed to the main axis; pedicels short, articulated near the apex; perianth lobes 2. mm. long, obtuse; fruit 7 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, rounded at base, retuse at apex, 3-winged, the wings rounded at apex and distinct from the short but evident style; ovules 6; seeds one, somewhat 3-angled in section. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453508, collected by Rose and Painter on the limestone hills west of Tehuacdin, Puebla, September 1, 1905 (no. 10009), and in flower earlier the same year (June) by Dr. C. A. Purpus (no. 1253a). This species is perhaps nearest D. serratifolium but is certainly distinct, that species having broader scabrous, yellow-spined, and dull-colored leaves. J. G. Baker states that the wings are adnate to the style, but an examination of the figure cited by him does not clearly bear this out. I find no record of fruit having been collected by anyone except Karwinsky. CALIBANUS. Calibanus Rose, gen. nov. Plants dioecious; flowers, both male and female, arranged in short and broad pan- icles; perianth segments 6, orbicular, obtuse; stamens 6, only slightly exserted; ovary 3-celled, 6-ovuled; fruit globular, 1-seeded, thick-walled, not bursting when ripe; seed globose or somewhat 3-angled; trunk a large globular body covered with thick bark; leaves appearing in fascicles over the surface, linear, entire or serrulate to the touch; panicles arising with the leaf clusters, leafless. This genus is nearest Nolina, but differs greatly in its habit and in its globular, thick-walled, 1-seeded fruit. It is very different both in habit, inflorescence, and fruit from Dasylirion, to which it has long been referred. Its globular trunk sug- gests Beaucarnea, in which it was once placed by J. G. Baker, but its fruit excludes it from that genus. The genus is named for Shakespeare’s Caliban. Calibanus caespitosus (Scheidw.) Rose. Puates XXIV, XXV. Fiaure 4. Dasylirion caespitosum Scheidw. Wochenschrift Verein Gartenb. 4: 286. 1861. Dasylirion hookeri Lemaire, Hort. Belg. 15: 324. 1860. Beaucarnea hookeri Baker, Journ. Bot. 1872: 327. 1872. Fic. 4.—Fruit of Calibanus caespitosus. Plant body proper 30 to 100em. in diameter a, Side view; b, cross section showing covered with a thick corky bark like that of an seed; ¢, cross section showing undevel- oak, within of loose cellular structure, resting oped ovulesat base. All scale 2. upon the ground like a puffball and attached to the earth only by small fibrous roots; leaves 30 to 90 cm. long, linear, 2 to 2.5 mm. broad, pale green, slightly serrulate, striate; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, about 10 em. broad, the horizontal branches quite rigid; segments of the flower orbicular, scarious- margined, purplish; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. Specimens examined: San Luis Potos{: Near City of San Luis Potosi, C. R. Orcutt, 1903 (trunk only); Dr. E. Palmer, 1905 (numerous plants but no flowers). - Hidalgo: Near Ixmiquilpan, Rose & Painter, 1905 (no. 8954) with male and female flowers and immature fruit; Dr. C. A. Purpus, same date and place; also later, in fruit. This plant was illustrated in the Botanical Magazine for 1859 (pl. 5099) under the name of Dasylirion hartwegianum, the plate being accompanied by the following note: PLATE XXIV. CALIBANUS CAESPITOSUS | SCHEIDW. PLATE XXV. CALIBANUS CAESPITOSUS | SCHEIDW. ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 91 About the year 1846, we received from Mr. Repper, of the Real del Monte Com- pany’s establishment, Mexico, some remarkable plants in the form of tubers, a foot and half long, and nearly as high aboveground, the surface of which is formed by a number of wrinkled tubercles, slightly elevated, and somewhat circinately wrinkled; from a few of which appeared tufts of rigid, subulate leaves, 1 to 2 feet long, in.form and texture resembling those of some Dasylirium. The general aspect of the tubers remind one of the well-known ‘‘ Elephant’s-foot’’? of South Africa, or of some remarkable Dioscoreae which we cultivate from Mexico. These remained dormant for some years, but one of them has lately produced more copious tufts of foliage and panicles of flowers; and precisely accord (the female flowers are, however, wanting to our plants) with the Dasylirium Hartwegianum of Zucearini, which Hartweg sent from Zacatecas, in Mexico; anda Dasylirium of Mr. Charles Wright (‘‘ Coll. N. Mex. 1851-2’’), n. 1918, also seems to be identical; but neither of these collectors has inade a note on the nature of the plant, so that whether we are to consider this tuber as the normal condition of the stem or caudex of this species, or whether we are to look upon it as an accidental collection or congeries of united stems (a kind of monstrosity), still remains a doubt in our minds. All the Dasyliria yet known tous have separate, unbranched, and distinct stems, more or less elongated, as in the caulescent species of Agave, and as may be seen in our figures of two of the species of this remarkable genus, at our Tab. 5030 and Tab. 5041. The flowers of the pani- cles develop themselves very slowly, and the withered stalks and branches remain a long time attached to the trunk. Mr. Bentham compares this plant with the Cordyline longifolia ot H. B. iX.; but the very large, almost sheathing bracteas, rather than leaves (which latter do not appear in the figure given by Humboldt), and the widely different ramification of the panicle, and the acuminated sepals, indicate something very different. NOLINA.“ The genus Nolina as first described contained but one species, viz, N. georgiana, which therefore is the type of the genus. After exclud- iW; b Fia.5.—Fruitof Nolinaaltamiranoana, a, Side Fic. 6.—Fruit of Nolina elegans. view; b, cross section showing seed in one a, Side view; b, cross section show- eell and undeveloped ovules in two. ing seeds in two cells and unde- Both seale 2. veloped ovulesinall. Bothscale2. ing from Nolina those species which belong to Beaucarnea we have left twenty species, as follows: Nolina altamiranoana Rose, Proc. Nat. Mus. 29: 438, 1905, Fiaure 5. Nolina beldingi Brandegee, Zoe 1: 305, 1890. Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879. Nolina brittoniana Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 158. 1895. Nolina elegans Rose, sp. noy. FIGureE 6, Probably acaulescent; leaves 50 to 60 em. long, 9 to 12 mm. broad, stiff, yellow- ish, both surfaces smooth, the margins serrulate; inflorescence a narrow panicle, 1 to 3 meters long; flowering branches ascending; bractlets scarious, their margins lacerate; pedicels 8 to 9 mm. long, jointed a little above their base; sepals obtuse, searious-margined; fruit strongly 3-lobed, 7 to 10 mm. broad, broader than high, the valls thin but not bursting before the ripening of the seeds. This species is probably common in the mountains of Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas. a Noutna Michx. Fl, 1: 207. 1803. 99 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 301306 (J. N. Rose, no. 2396). Specimens examined: Zacatecas: In the mountains, J. N. Rose, August 18, 1897 (no. 2396). Durango: Dr. kK. Palmer, 1896 (no. 249); E. W. Nelson between ‘El Oro and Guanacevi, August, 1898 (no. 4745). Chihuahua: Townsend & Baker, near Colonia Garcia, June, 1899 (no. 76). Nolina elegans has been confused in collections with both N. microcarpa and N. recurvala. From the former it differs in its ,broader, stiffer leaves, larger fruit, ete. From the latter it is generically distinct, and it is needless to point out the differences here. Nolina erumpans (Torr.) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 14: 248. 1878. Nolina georgiana Michx. Fl. 1: 208. 1803. Nolina greenei S$. Wats. Bot. Gaz. 5:56. 1880. Nolina hartwegiana (Zucc.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 8: 371. 1884. Nolina humilis §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248, 1879. Nolina lindheimeriana (Scheele) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879. Nolina longifolia (Karw.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am, 8: 372. 1884. Nolina microcarpa 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247, 1879. Nolina nelsoni Rose, sp. nov. Trunk 1 to 38 meters high; leaves 50 to 70 cm. long, 3 to 4 em. broad above the base, gradually tapering to a point, both surfaces smooth, the margins serrulate; inflorescence, including the peduncle, 2 to 3.5 meters long; bracts scarious, lacerate; pedicels 5 to 6 mm. long, jointed near the middle; sepals ovate, obtuse, scarious- margined; mature fruit not seen. Type specimen U. 8. National Herbarium no. 332674, collected by E. W. Nelson near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas, June 10, 1898 (no. 4489), In its leaves this species resembles V. parryi and N. bigelovii of the Far West, but it is certainly quite distinct. Nolina palmeriS. Wats. Proce. Am. Acad. 14: 248, 1879. Nolina parryi 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 247. 1879, Nolina parviflora (H. B. kK.) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 8: 372. 1884. Nolina pumila Rose, sp. nov. Acaulescent; leaves numerous, in some specimens erect, in others recurved, 20 to 30 em. long, linear, many-nerved (sometimes 15 to 20-nerved), the apex entire but in most cases broken off, the margin serrulate; inflorescence a narrow panicle, 20 to 30 em. long, the peduncle and lower branches leafy-bracted; male flowers not seen; peduncles slender, 6 to 7 mm. long, jointed just above the base, somewhat enlarged upward; sepals papery, oblong, obtuse, 8 mm. long; fruit dry, strongly 3-lobed, indehiscent but the walls early falling away, leaving the naked seed; style short but distinct; cells 3; ovules 6; mature seeds 3, one in each cell, globular. Type specimen U, 8. National Herbarium no. 301074, Collected by J. N. Rose near Santa Teresa, Tepee, August 10, 1897 (no. 2165); and also in southern Durango, August 16, 1897 (no. 2340). Nolina texana 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 248, 1879. Nolina watsoni (Baker) Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 8: 372. 1884. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 93 A NEW ECHEANDIA. Echeandia paniculata Rose, sp. nov. Caulescent, about 70 cm. long, leafy below, glabrous, glaucous, the basal leaves several; lower stem leaves weak, 40 to 60 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm. broad, thin, -a little glaucous, with a very narrow scarious margin only slightly serrulate; inflorescence 6-branched, the branches 20 to 30 em. long, the bracts scarious, each subtending 3 (rarely 2) flowers; perianth 6-parted, yellow, the three outer lobes linear-oblong, the others oblong, 14 mm. long, 6 to 7 mm. broad, all reflexed in full flower but erect and twisted in age; filament free, with thin scales; anthers united. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on bluff at Tepoxtlan, Morelos, Sep- tember 2, 1903 (no. 844), and flowered in Washington, November, 1904. This species is nearest E:. refleva, but is more leafy and has a more branched inflorescence. The following species also belongs to Echeandia but has never been placed in that genus: Echeandia reflexa (Cav.) Rose. Anthericum reflecum Cav. Ic. Pl. 3: 21. pl. 24¢1, 1794. NYMPHAEACEAE. THE MEXICAN WATERLILIES. For several years past I have been greatly interested in the Mexican Castalias, having myself collected four of the seven species, one of which has long borne an unpublished name. When I learned some years ago that Dr. Henry Conard was preparing a monograph of the genus Nymphaea I withheld my notes from publication and turned over the specimens to Doctor Conard for his inspection. His mono- graph, an exhaustive treatise and beautifully illustrated, has recently appeared. I have attempted here only to present a very brief synopsis of our Mexican species, referring the reader to Doctor Conard’s work for : full treatment of them. KEY TO THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF CASTALIA. Flowers yellow. Flowers 6 to 9 em. wide; inner petals rounded at tip ........-- 1. C. flava. Flowers 11 to 15 em. wide; inner petals pointed. ......-.-..--- 2. C. mexicana. Flowers not vellow. Flowers blue..........2.2...-..---------------2-0----------- 3. C. elegans. Flowers white. Stamens with slender terminal appendages ......---.---.- 4. C. gracilis. Stamens with short or no terminal appendages. Leaves strongly nerved beneath; margin toothed ..---- 5. C. ampla. Leaves not strongly nerved below; margin entire or nearly so. Sinus closed; leaves retuse at apex ....-.--------- 6. CL pringlei. Sinus open; leaves rounded at apex ..-..-.------- 7. C. odorata. 94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Castalia flava (Leitner) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 85. 1888. Nymphaea flava Leitner in Audubon, Birds Am. 4: 411. 1838. This species, I believe, has not been reported from Mexico, but its occurrence at Brownsville, Texas, would indicate that it might he expected on the Mexican side of the lower Rio Grande. Castalia mexicana (Zucc.) Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb, 2:12. 1891, as to synonym, not as to specimens. Nymphaea mexicana Gace. Abh. Akad. Muench, 1: 265. 1882. This species is very common in the lakes and along the canals in the Valley of Mexico. It has also been reported from Patzcuaro and Jalisco, but I have seen no specimens from these two localities. This Mexican species has often been confused with the C. flava of Florida, but it grows at much higher altitudes, has much larger flowers and very different petals, and the leaves are perhaps thicker. Castalia mexicana has been collected only a few times and I believe has never been in cultivation. Specimens examined : Valley of Mexico: Bourgeau, 1865-66 (no. 4); Rose and Hough, May 26, 1899 (no. 4827). , Type locality: In lacu prope urbem Mexico. Zuccarini described the flowers as white and this has raised the question as to the identity of our yellow-flowered Mexican species. Doctor Conard has examined the leaves of three types at Munich and pronounces them identical with the above. Either the flowers had faded out or else two species were confused in the original description. A white-flowered species grows in the Valley of Mexico along with this yellow-flowered one. Castalia elegans (Hook.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 85, 1888. Nymphaea elegans Hook. Bot. Mag. 77: pl. 4604. 1801. This species seems to be confined to the lowlands of Mexico. On the west coast of Mexico it has been collected at Topolobampo (Palmer); Mazatlan (Brandegee); and near Rosario (Rose), the latter being the southernmost station for the species. It has also been reported along the Rio Grande basin from El Paso to Brownsville. The reference of this species to Guatemala by Conard must be a mistake. According to Dr. E. Palmer the small black tubers are used by the Mexicans on the west coast as a substitute for potatoes. Castalia gracilis (Zuce.) Rose. Nymphaea gracilis Gace. Abh. Akad. Muench. 1: 362. 1852. Mr. Conard’s reference of NV. gracilis to N. ampla does not seem borne out by a careful study of the original description of . gracilis or by an examination of material which seems to belong to that species. This species is common in the Valley of Mexico and throughout the Valley of Lema. Castalia ampla Salisb. Parad. 1: under pl. 14. 1805, Castalia pringlei Rose, sp. nov. Rhizomes apparently horizontal, large, 30 to 60 cm. long; leaves orbicular, 25 to 30 cm. in diameter, entire, retuse at apex, not at all peltate, the sinus generally closed or the lobes overlapping except the short acute tips, glabrous throughout, somewhat purplish beneath, the veins not prominent; flowers very large, 12 to 15 cm. in diameter, white; sepals 5, thin, oblong, obtuse, green except the more or less whitish margins; petals pure white, oblong, obtuse; stamens yellow, the outer ones with broad petaloid filaments, the inner with shorter and narrower filaments; con- nective scarcely longer than the anther. This species is perhaps near ©. odorata, but differs in having the flowers and leaves larger, the under surface of the leaves only slightly purplish, the sepals thinner, etc. Contr. Nat Herb., Vol. X. Plate XXVI, POTENTILLA LOZANI ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 95 Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461981, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle in Lake Xochimilco, Valley of Mexico, 1896 (no. 6464); also in the same lake by J. N. Rose and Walter Hough, May 26, 1899 (no. 4330). Doctor Conard refers this species to Nymphaea odorata gigantea, the ‘‘types”? of which, he states, came from Saint Georges, Delaware. ven if Doctor Conard’s reference were correct the name would be untenable, as there is already a Nymphaea gigantea, Castalia odorata ( Ait.) Woodville & Wood, Rees’ Cyclopedia 6: no. 1. 1806. Numphaea odorata Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 227. 1789. : To C. odorata T have referred with some doubt material collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Durango in 1896 (no. 244). This station, however, is so far away from the known range of C. odorata, that species having not heretofore been reported from anywhere in Mexico, that its inclusion in the Mexican flora can at present be only tentative. The possibility of the species having been introduced into ponds has been suggested, but Dr. Palmer assures me that the plant shows every indication of being a native. RANUNCULACEAE. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CLEMATIS. Clematis rhodocarpa Rose, sp. nov. Apparently high-climbing vines, somewhat pubescent; upper leaves ternate; leaf- lets ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, 3 to 6 em. broad, more or less deeply cordate, coarsely toothed, acuminate, slightly pubescent on both surfaces; inflores- cence usually much shorter than the leaves; sepals oblong, obtuse; fruit rose-red, only slightly hairy, when mature terminated by long curved hairy tails. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 255028 (Pringle’s no. 4770). Apparently common about Oaxaca, where it has been been collected by Pringle, Nelson, and Charles L. Smith ’ Clematis rufa Rose, sp. nov. A vine 3 to 9 meters long, the stem as well as the leaves densely covered with a reddish yellow pubescence; only the upper leaves seen, these ternate; leaflets lance- olate to ovate, 4 to 7 em. long, acute to shortly acuminate, 3 to 5-nerved, entire; inflorescence compact about the length of the subtending leaf; flowers numerous; pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long; sepals oblong, obtuse; fruit not seen. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 284391, collected by EH. W. Nelson along road between Tenejapa and Yatalon, Chiapas, altitude 400 to 1,500 meters, October 15, 1895 (no, 3243). ROSACEAE. A NEW POTENTILLA. Potentilla lozani Rose & Painter. Pirate X XVI. Perennial from a stout rootstock; stems several, erect or ascending, up to 40 em. long, pubescent with soft scattered hairs throughout, most plentifully so at base: leaves 5-foliolate, strictly palmate, on long silky-pubescent petioles; leaflets of basal leaves with seattered short hairs above and more copious hairs beneath, rounded at apex, crenately toothed, 20 to40 em, long, obovate to oblong, cuneate; stipules ovate, entire; flowering stems bearing few small leaves; calyx lobes ovate, acute, hairy; petals dark purple, emarginate, almost rhombic in outline, slightly exceeding the sepals. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 461978, collected by C. G. Pringle and F. Lozano in meadows at Cuyamoloya, Hidalgo, August 2, 1904 (no. 1345), and by Rose and Paihter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9234). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVI.—Plant, natural size. 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. TWO NEW SPECIES OF ALCHEMILLA. In preparing a synopsis of the Mexican species of Alchemilla I find the two following species undescribed. The genus Alchemilla isa very diffi- cult one, owing to the fact that the flowers are all extremely small and not easy to make out clearly with an ordinary hand lens, whence col- lectors and botanists have not looked into the floral characters carefully. As a result several Mexican species are passing under the same name. Alchemilla procumbens Rose, sp. nov. Puate XXNVIT. Perennial with numerous creeping stems, these clothed with appressed pubescence; leaves 3-parted, appearing 5-parted from the lateral lobes being deeply cleft, dark green and glabrous above, paler and appressed-pubescent beneath, the lobes spatu- late, rounded at apex, serrate-toothed; stipules united at base, toothed; inflorescence rather open, few-flowered; pedicels slender, 4 to 8 mm. long, silky-pubescent; calyx pubescent, 8-parted, the 4 outer lobes much broader and longer than the others, pubescent within; stamens 2; styles sometimes as many as 8. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 452685, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9202). Apparently common in the high mountains of Mexico from Zacatecas to Oaxaca. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; ¢, section of calyx showing stamens and styles. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b and c, enlarged. Alchemilla subalpestris Rose, sp. nov. Perennial but with herbaceous stems, either single and erect or much branched at base and ascending; stems 10 to 30 em. long, often glabrous throughout or with scat- tered hairs on the stem, leaves, and bracts and very rarely on the calyx; basal and lower stem leaves on petioles sometimes 6 to 9 cm. long, somewhat orbicular in out- line, more or less lobed and cleft; upper stem leaves perfoliate, the lobes 3 or 4-cleft into linear obtuse teeth, the margins revolute; flowers subsessile; calyx usually glabrous, 8-lobed, the lobes nearly equal; stamens 2; styles 2; fruiting calyx 1 mm. long; seeds ovoid in outline, pointed. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 451546 (Rose no. 7928 from Nevada de Toluca). Apparently common in the high mountains throughout Mexico. I have frequently collected it, first in the Sierra Madre of Tepic, afterwards on Mount Orizaba and Mount Toluca, and several times on the high mountains surrounding the valley of Mexico. This species is probably A. hirsuta alpestris Schlecht. & Cham.; at least it is the plant so understood by Dr. 8. Watson and Mr. Hemsley. But I have not seen the type and with only the short original diagnosis I,can not be sure of this, while in any case the name alpestris is a homonym and must be rejected. MIMOSACEAE. A NEW PITHECOLOBIUM. Pithecolobium revolutum Rose, sp. nov. Piate XXVIII. A low depressed compact bush; first year branches very pubescent, older branches gray and glabrous; stipular spines short, stout, straight or becoming recurved; pin- nae one pair; common petiole short, bearing a gland at the top; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, closely set, linear, obtuse, the margins strongly involute, covered with short stiff hairs as are also the rachis and petioles; flowers not seen; pods curved, flattened, 5 to 7 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, pubescent; seeds black. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453274, collected by Rose and Painter south of Higuerillas, Querétaro, August 23, 1905 (no. 9784), Here a common desert shrub. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXVIII.—Fig. a, branch; b, leaf; c, cross section of leaflet; d, fruit. Figs. aand d, natural size; b and c, scale 6. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXVII. ALCHEMILLA PROCUMBENS ROSE. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXVIII. KGS Ye NS F ty ‘ SS if J Ly, 9 P!ITHECOLOBIUM REVOLUTUM ROSE. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 97 CAESALPINIACEAE. THREE NEW BAUHINIAS. Bauhinia confusa Rose, sp. nov. Shrub about 2 meters high; pubescence on young branches short and dense; leaves 5 to 6 em. long, either rounded at base or with a broad sinus, the terminal lobes about one-third the length of the blade, slightly spreading, acute, slightly hairy above, pubescent on the veins beneath; petiole shorter than the blade, pubescent; inflorescence a dense raceme becoming 4 to 5 cm. long; bracts long-acuminate; buds elongated, with long free tips; calyx spathaceous; corolla white, 15 mm. long, taper- ing at base into a slender claw, long-acuminate; perfect stamens one, glabrous; ovary on a long slender stipe, pubescent; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. broad, flat, glabrate. Type U.S, National Herbarium no. 461982 (Pringle’s no. 3104), Specimens examined: San Luis Potosi: Tamasopa Cafion, C. G. Pringle, June 25, 1890 (no. 3104); San Dieguito, Dr. E. Palmer, June, 1904 (no. 126); near Tancanhuitz, E. W. Nelson, May, 1898 (no. 4363). , Dr. Pringle’s specimens were distributed as B. divaricata L., a species with very different leaves. The above description of the pods is drawn from Mr. Nelson’s specimen. Bauhinia goldmani Rose, sp. nov. , A small tree 6 to 8 meters high; young branches pubescent; petioles 6 to 10 mm. long; leaves slightly cordate at base, 5 to 7 em. long, the lobes one-third the length of the blade, ovate, ascending and obtuse, glabrate above, softly pubescent beneath, reticulate; racemes short and compact; peduncles 15 to 18 mm. long; calyx tips free, filiform; petals narrow, glabrous, about 25 mm. long, purple; perfect stamen 1; ovary long-stipitate, pubescent; pods 10 to 12 em. long, 12 mm. broad, long-apiculate, on a stipe 10 to 18 mm. long. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 470546, collected by E. A. Goldman at Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, March 8, 1904 (no. 742). Bauhinia (Pauletia) longiflora Rose, sp. nov. A bush 3 meters high, with pubescent branches; leaves orbicular, 25 to 50 mm. long, broadly cordate at base, lobed at apex, glabrous above, pale and pubescent beneath, 7 to 9-nerved; lobes rounded; petioles shorter than the leaves; stipules spinescent, unequal; flowers axillary in twos, or in terminal racemes, slender, 7.5 to LO em. long, greenish-yellow; calyx spathaceous; petals 4, filiform; stamens 10, 5 anther-bearing; ovaries villous; pods 15 to 20 cm. long, 12 mm. broad. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 305328, collected by Dr. E. Palmer, ravines and mountain sides, Ymala, Sinaloa, August 16 to 25, 1891 (no. 1426); in fruit, October 17 (letter /)). FOUR NEW CASSIAS. Cassia arida Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, much branched at base, erect, 15 cm. high, pubescent; stipules linear, pubescent, often glandular; petioles slender, 3 to 4 em. long, bearing a slender gland between the leaflets of the lowest pair; leaflets 8 pairs, oblong, 15 to 22 mm. long, tipped by a brown perhaps deciduous mucro; peduncles 6 to 9 em. long; pods 3 to 4 em. long, somewhat incurved, acuminate, hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453267, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, near Higuerillas, Querétaro, August 23, 1905 (no. 9778). A common plant of the deserts in that locality. Cassia demissa Rose, sp. nov. Stems low, often trailing, much branched, pubescent; petioles slender, 15 to 30 mim. long; leaflets generally two pairs, rarely three pairs, oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, 4153—VvoL x, pT 3—06——_3 98 CONTRIRUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. mucronate, slightly pubescent above, appressed-pubescent beneath; peduncles about as long as the leaves, 2 or 3-flowered; pods very short, 10 to 12 mm, long, mucronate. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 280167, collected by C. G. Pringle near Carneros Pass, Coahuila, 1889 (no. 2783); also by Dr. E. Palmer in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, 1880 (no. 281). This species has been confused with C. vogeliana, but it has the pods much shorter, the leaflets fewer, etc. Cassia durangensis Rose, sp. nov. Stems apparently single and erect, 20 to 40 cm, high, velvety pubescent; leaflets | pair, broadly oblong to nearly orbicular, 3 to 5 em. long, with dense soft pubescence on both sides of a decidedly yellowish cast, especially when young; peduncles longer than the leaves, usually 3 to 5-flowered; pods strict, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; seeds glossy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 304717, collected by Dr. KE. Palmer near Durango in 1896 (no, 271); also near the same place by I. W. Nelson in 1898 (no. 4595 ). Perhaps nearest C. bauhinioides Gray, but of simple and more erect habit with larger and much broader leaflets, more upright pods, etc. ‘ Cassia goldmani Rose, sp. nov. Shrub or tree 4 to 6 meters high; leaves clustered near the ends of stunted branches or scattered along the vigorous branches; rachis slightly pubescent; leaflets 5 to 12 pairs, rather thick, the venation somewhat indistinct, glabrous or nearly so, the margins never ciliate, pale on both sides, perhaps glaucous, 12 to 16 mm. long, broadest near the tip, oblique at base, rounded at apex, usually with a short mucro; pods 8 to 10 em. long, somewhat glaucous, 2 cm. or more broad, the margins winged. Type U.8. National Herbarium no. 565323, collected by Nelson and Goldman about 5 miles southwest of El Potrero, Lower California, October 31, 1905 (no, 7238). Resembling C. polyantha of Central Mexico, but having somewhat different leat- lets, less pubescence on branches and leaflets, ete. HOFFMANSEGGIA: A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW NAME. Hoffmanseggia arida Rose, sp. noy. Puart X XIX, Stems low, diffuse, usually herbaceous but sometimes woody at base, glabrous except some stipitate glands; stipules ovate, acute; petioles slender, bearing a few stipitate glands; pinnae 3 to 6 pairs; leaflets 4 to 8 pairs, oblong, 3 to 4mm. long, glabrous except a gland in the retuse apex; inflorescence an erect or ascending raceme, 10 to 20 em. long including the peduncle, at first very dense, bearing many stipitate glands; bracts subtending the flowers ovate, acuminate, ciliate; calyx deeply 5-parted, the lobes somewhat unequal, ciliate; flowers yellow tinged with red; pods narrowly oblong, 3 to 4.cm. long, acute, glabrous except for the numerous stipitate glands. Common on the deserts of Querétaro. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453109, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter between San Juan del Rio and Cadereyta, August 19, 1905 (no. 9619); also near Higuerillas, August 23, 1903 (no. 9770). This species is near H. stricta Benth., but the inflorescence and pods lack the soft pubescence on the racemes and pods. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIX.—Fig. a, flower; b, inflorescence: ec, flower; d, corolla laid open; e, calyx laid open; /, petal; g, stamen; /h, fruit; 7, seed. Figs. a, b, and A, natural size; ¢, d, e, f, 9, and i, scale 2. Hoffmanseggia watsoni (Fisher) Rose. H. gracilis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 347. 1882, not Hook. & Arn. 1833, Caesalpinia watsoni Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 122. 1893. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXIX, _ HOFFMANSEGGIA ARIDA ROSE. PLATE XXX, (\ \) q Lay OP | ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 99 VICIACEAE. THE MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF BENTHAMANTHA. The name Cracca of Bentham being a homonym, the genus was renamed Brittonamra by Otto Kuntze, but he afterwards took up the older name Benthamantha published by Alefeld in 1862. This latter course has been followed by Britten and Baker who published in the Journal of Botany for January, 1900, a list of all the known species. I wish to make a few slight changes in this list, adding also two new species. Benthamantha edwardsii (A. Gray) Rose. Benthamantha grayi Alefeld, Bonplandia 10: 264, 1862. Craceca edwardsii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 55, 1853. Gray’s variety glabella is certainly not a form of B. edwardsi:, but is much closer to LB. sericea. Benthamantha greenmanii (Millspaugh) Rose. Cracea greenmanii Millsp. Field Columb. Mus. Bot. 1: 299. pl. 73. 1896. Benthamantha bicolor (Micheli) Rose. Cracea bicolor Micheli, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 444. pl. 77, 1804. Native of Guatemala. Benthamantha micrantha (Micheli) Rose. Cracca micrantha Micheli, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 1: 189. 1891. Native of Guatemala. Benthamantha fruticosa Rose, sp. nov. Stem perhaps nearly a meter high, shrubby, the bark of the branches silky- pubescent the first year, white the second year; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, silky-pubescent, oblong, 8 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex, mucronate; racemes few-flowered, either shorter or longer than the leaves; bracts subtending the flowers filiform, longer than the pedicels; calyx lobes linear, silky-pubescent; petals green- ish yellow or the banner more or less purplish; pods linear, pubescent, 4 to 6 mm. long, many-seeded. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 49987, collected by Rose and Painter in Tomellin Canon, Oaxaca, September, 1905 (no. 10087); also at the same locality by Rose and Hough, June 23, 1899 (no. 4665). Benthamantha glandulosa Rose, sp. nov. Branches herbaceous, spreading, pubescent; leaflets 5 to 7, oblong to obovate, pubescent on both surfaces, paler beneath, rounded at apex, mucronate; stipules linear: racemes much longer than the leaves, the rachis as well as the calyx bearing silky and glandular hairs; ovary not at all pilose; style hairy. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 258415 (Smith’s no, 3801). Colleeted by Heyde and Lux in Guatemala, Department of Santa Rosa, at Chiapas, September, 1892, and Casillas, May, 1892. Both specimens were named Cracea mollis by Micheli and distributed by Capt. John Donnell Smith under the numbers 3745 and 3301 respectively. The species is very different from the South American species, B. mollis. Benthamantha pumila Rose, sp. nov. PLuate XXX. Low, more or less spreading, herbaceous, purplish, pubescent; leaflets 11 to 15, oblong, glabrous above even from the first, more or less appressed-pubescent beneath; common petiole short; stipules linear, elongated; fruiting raceme nearly twice as 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. long as the leaves; pods glaucous, 4 to 5 em. long, + to 5 mm. broad; seeds yellow mottled with brown. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453173, collected by Rose and Painter on the road between San Juan del Rio and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August, 1905 (no, 9683). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX.—Fig. a, flowering branch; }, fruiting branch; ¢, calyx; d, petals; eand f, stamens; y, seed. Figs. a and b, natural size: cand d, scale 2; e, 7, and g, seale 4. TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF COLOGANTA. In 1904 I published a synopsis of the species of Cologania and the next year the description of C. congesta. In 1908 and 1905 I collected many additional specimens (47 sheets) in Mexico, which have greatly enriched our herbaria and added much to our knowledge of the genus. Cologania lozani Rose, sp. nov. Stems twining with spreading or somewhat reflexed reddish hairs; leaflets 3, lanceolate or somewhat rhombic, 4 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, acute, roughish-pubescent on both sides, dark green above, flowers (so far as known) in umbels of four; peduncle 2 to 4 mm. long; pedicels about 10 mm. long, hairy; bractlets at base of calyx 2, filiform; calyx 8 mm. long, somewhat purplish, glabrous except for a few spreading hairs; lower calyx lobe linear, longer than the others; corolla purplish, 25 mm. long; fruit not seen. _ Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 461966, collected by C. G. Pringle and his most valuable assistant, FilemoOn Lozano, in the Sierra Madre near Monterey, Nuevo Leon, September 7, 1904 (no. 13425). This species is near C. deamii, but has very differently shaped leaflets, ete. Cologania tenuis Rose, sp. nov. PLATE XX XI, A delicate twining vine with appressed pubescence; leaflets 3, very thin, ovate- oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. broad, rounded at base, acute, with scanty appressed pubescence on both sides, pale beneath; flowers 4 or 5 in a subsessile umbel or short raceme; peduncles 5 to 10 mm. long; calyx tube 8 mm. long, purple, densely pilose; upper calyx lobe entire, acute; the lower one linear, much longer than the others; corolla purple, 2.5 em. long; pods narrow, 4 ¢m. or more long, appressed-pubescent. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 450806 (Rose no, 7223). . Collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle in a mountain canyon above Cuernavaca, Morelos, July 21, 1904 (no. 15414), in the same general region (El Parque) by Rose and Painter, September 21, 1908 (no. 7223), and by Dr. C. A. Purpus at Salto de Agua, October, 1905 (no. 1750). This species should probably be placed near (. grandiflora, but it has different foliage, smaller flowers, and different pubescence on the calyx. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXI.—Fig. a, plant, b, fruit; ¢, calyx; d, banner; e, wing; jf, keel; gy, Stamens; fA, ovary. Figs. ato /, natural size; gand h, seale 2. THE MEXICAN SPECIES OF DOLICHOLUS. Mr. Hemsley, in the Biologia Centrali-Americana, published in 1880, credits ten species of Rhynchosia to Mexico proper. Of these, 2. caribaca has been excluded by 8S. Watson, and 2. meni- spermoides has been referred by Miss Vail to americana. The Mexican specimens referred to 2. senna are true 2. terana Torr. & Gr. Sevy- eral of the Mexican species have since been described, and four others #DouicHoLus Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787. Type species D. minima (L.) Medic. loc. cit. Rhynchosia Lour, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 460. 1790. Type species FR. volubilis Lour. loc. cit. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. t PLATE XXXI. & COLOGANIA TENUIS ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 101 are here added. 2. phascoloides has been credited to Mexico by sev- eral writers, but is probably to be excluded. I have examined all the Mexican species except 2. hirsuta, R. erythrinordes, and BR. hieolor. The name Rhynchosia, first published in 1790, must give place to the older name Dolicholus. The Mexican species with which I am familiar are the following: Dolicholus americanus ( Mill.) Vail. Dolicholus cuernavacanus Rose. Rhynchosia cuernavacana Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb, 8: 313. 1905. Dolicholus discolor (Mart. & Gal.) Rose. Rhynchosia discolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10%: 198, 1843. Dolicholus hondurensis Rose, sp. nov. Delicate vine, pubescent; leaflets 3, obovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, acute, sometimes shortly acuminate, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped at the base, with appressed pubescence on both surfaces, strongly nerved beneath; racemes 8 to 12 em. long, densely flowered; pedicels short (1 mm. long); pods small, 8 to 10 mm. long, apiculate. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 246585, collected by C. Thierne near San Pedro Sula, Department of Santa Barbara, Honduras, May, 1888, and distributed by John Donnell Smith (no. 5200). This species was distributed as Rhynchosia precatoria DC., but it is much nearer R. calycosa Hemsley, though still quite distinct from that species. Dolicholus longeracemosus (Mart. & Gal.) Rose. Rhynchosia longeracemosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 198. 1843. Dolicholus macrocarpus ( Benth.) Rose. Rhynchosia macrocarpa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1859. Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic. Dolicholus nelsoni Rose, sp. nov. Doubtless a high-climbing vine; leaflets 3, softly pubescent on both surfaces, broadly ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, in cultivated specimens 10 cm. long, shortly acuminate; raceme 10 to 15 em. long; pedicels slender, 8 to 4 mm. long, covered with soft white pubescence interspersed with long yellow stiff hairs as are also the calyx and peduncle; calyx teeth 5, all narrow, the two upper united below, the lowermost one much longer than the others. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 273452, collected by E. W. Nelson on road between Tlaliscatillo, Guerrero, and Tlapacingo, Oaxaca, altitude 1,260 to 1,560 meters, December 6, 1894 (no, 2052). Dolicholus nigropunctatus (8. Wats.) Rose. Rhynchosia nigropunctata 8. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad, 22: 408. 1887. ° Dolicholus precatorius (Humb. & Bonp.) Rose. Rhynchosia precatoria DC. Prod, 2: 385, 1825, Glycine precatoria Humb. & Bonp. Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 755. 1809. Dolicholus pringlei Rose. Rhynchosia pringlei Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 316, 1895, Dolicholus texanus (Torr. & Gr.) Vail. Dolicholus vailiae Rose, sp. nov. Vine climbing to the height of 2 to 3 meters; leaflets 3, softly pubescent on both surfaces, ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acuminate; racemes elongated, 20 to 25 cm. long, 102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. much longer than the leaves; pedicels 1 to 1.5 mm. long; calyx bearing yellow stiff hairs; sepals linear, the lower much longer; banner brown, orbicular, pubescent without; pods pubescent, 2 cm. long; mature seeds not seen. Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 40237, collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Tequila, Jalisco, 1886 (no. 269). Also collected near the same station by C. G. Prin- gle, September 25, 1893 (no. 4597). This species was distributed as Rhynchosia phaseoloides DC., from which it is very distinct in foliage, pods, distribution, ete. This species is named for Miss Anna Murray Vail, who @ first called attention to the fact that Doctor Palmer’s plant had been wrongly distributed. RESTORATION OF ODONIA, WITH ITS MEXICAN SPECIES. The genus Odonia was first described by Bertoloni in 1822 and afterwards taken up by DeCandolle in 1825 and Sprengel in 1827. Bentham and Hooker, however, combined it with Galactia, where it has since remained. It is true that many supposed species of Galactia are congeneric with Odonia and this is probably the one reason why the two genera have been combined. The true type of Galactia is the large scarlet-flowered species from Jamaica lone known as Galactia pendula but now as Galactia galactia. It is very different from all our United States and Mexican species in its corolla. The Mexican species of Odonia will be as follows: Odonia acapulcensis Rose. Galactia acapulcensis Rose, Contr, Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897. Odonia brachystachys ( Benth.) Rose. Galactia brachystachys Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 127. 1837-40, Odonia multiflora (Robinson) Rose. Galactia multiflora Robinson, Proc. Am, Acad. 29: 315, 1894. Odonia wrightii (A. Gray) Rose. Galactia wrightiti A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 44. 1852. Odonia incana Rose, sp. nov. Piare XXNITI. A bushy plant, the branches apparently never twining, softly pubescent; leaflets 3, lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute and bearing a long mucro, dark green and slightly pubescent above, very pale and more pubescent beneath; racemes elongated, much longer than the leaves, sometimes 20 em. long, many-flowered; flower buds covered with a dense silvery pubescence; petals purplish, the banner nearly orbicular; ovary pubescent, many-ovuled; pods not seen, Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 302336, collected by J. N. Rose in Tepie between Aguacata and Dolores, August 6, 1897 (no. 3360). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXII.—Fig. a, plant; b, flower; e¢, calyx; d, banner; e, wing: f, keels g, stamens; fA, pistil; ¢,ovary. Fig. a, natural size; figs.b to h, scale 2; 7, seale 4. Odonia retusa Rose, sp. nov. A vine, 2 to 4 meters long, hirsute; leaflets 3, oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, retuse, somewhat pubescent above, softly and densely pubescent beneath; racemes slender, 10 to 20 cm. long, much longer than the leaves; loosely-flowered; pedicels short; calyx tube proper about 2 mm. long; calyx lobes 4, narrow, 4 cm. long; corolla pale blue, about 8 mm. long; banner orbicular, retuse; fruit 6 to 8 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, pubescent, flattened. «See Bull. Torr. Club 26: 111. 1899. PLATE XXXII. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XXXIII. ODONIA VIRIDIFLORA ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 103 Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 450676, collected by Rose and Painter near Cuernavaca, Morelos, September 1908 (no. 6910); also by C. G. Pringle on lava beds near the same locality, September 14, 1896 (no. 6497); and by EK. W. D. Holway near Cuautla, October, 1908 (no. 14). Dr. Pringle’s specimen was distributed as Guluctia tenuiflora, from which, how- ever, it is quite different. Odonia viridiflora Rose, sp. nov. PLate XXNNITI. A stout vine trailing or half-climbing over low bushes; stems covered with soft white pubescence; leaves 12 to 20 cm. long, 8-foliolate; leaflets nearly orbicular, the terminal one generally the largest, 6 to 10 cm. in diameter, rounded or slightly cor- date at base, rounded at apex or with a short acumination, pubescent on both sur- faces, paler and reticulated beneath; inflorescence much longer than the leaves, 20 to 30 cm. long including the peduncle; flowers 4 or 5 in a cluster; calyx 4-parted, the upper lobe broader, all acute; banner orbicular, the upper part of margin ciliate, green; wings narrow, purplish, spurred; ovary pubescent, many-ovuled; fruit 8 to 9 cm. long. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 381798, collected by C. G. Pringle near Iguala, Guerrero, October 24, 1900 (no. 9229, type); also in 1906 (no, 10324); near the same locality by Rose & Painter, August 11, 1905 (no. 9371); and by Dr. Pringle near Jojutla, Morelos, August 30, 1902 (no. 11366). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXIII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; ¢, banner; d, wing; e, keel; /, stamens g, style; A, ovary. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b to g, scale 2; 7, scale 4. THE SESSILE-FLOWERED SPECIES OF PAROSELA IN MEXICO. Ina former paper in this series” the reasons are given for taking up the name Parosela instead of Dalea, and a nearly completed list is supplied of the Mexican species with pediceled flowers. Below will be found the remaining species, so far as studied, arranged in the order in which I have classified them in my preliminary treatment. Further work in this genus may change this arrangement somewhat. There are perhaps still two dozen or even more species in Dalea not included in these lists, but since these are species not yet studied or whose exact status is not known it seems best not to consider them now. These will be reported upon in another paper after more study and further exploration in Mexico. Besides these, a considerable number of new species already indicated, but not yet all described, will be presented at another time. Names which have been previ- ously published under Parosela are given without synonymy. Parosela insignis (Hemsley) Rose. Dalea insignis (Hemsley) Diag. Pl. Noy, 1:7. 1878, Parosela uncifera (Schlecht. & Cham.) Rose. Parosela scoparia (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela glaberrima (S. Wats.) Rose. Datlea glaberrima S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 470. 1887. Parosela lasianthera (A. Gray) Heller. @ Number 4, Contributions, Volume VIII, page 302. 1905, 4153—VvoL x, pr 3—06——4 104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Parosela polyphylla (Mart. & Gal.) Rose. Dalea polyphylla Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 44. 1843. Parosela citriodora ( Willd.) Rose. Dalea citriodora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1839. 1801. ‘ Parosela mucronata (DU.) Rose. Dalea mucronata DC. Prod, 2: 246. 1825, Parosela pectinata (Kunth) Rose. Dalea pectinata Kunth, Mimos, 169, pl. 49. 1819, Parosela grayi Vail. Parosela acutifolia (DC.) Rose. Parosela mutabilis (Cav.) Rose. Parosela trochilina (Brandegee) Rose. Datlea trochilina Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. IT. 3: 220, 1892, Parosela hemsleyana Rose, sp. nov. A shrub with numerous long slender purplish branches closely set with glandular knobs, glabrous; leaves small; leaflets 9 to 15, 2 to 3mm, long, obtuse, glabrous on both sides, very glandular-dotted beneath; peduncles slender; inflorescence a com- pact head; bracts broad; calyx silky, about 4 mm. long, including the lobes; lobes about two-thirds the length of the tube; corolla purplish. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 24436, collected by Parry and Palmer near San Luis Potosi, 1878 (no, 154). This is reported in the Biologia Centrali-Americana as Dalea ramosissina Benth., from which I think it is abundantly distinet. D. ramo- sissima, a Lower Californian species, has recently been collected by Mr. Brandegee and accords with Bentham’s original description and excellent figure. Bentham’s name must give way to the older one of Martius and Galeotti. Parosela leucostachys (A. Gray) Rose. Dalea lewcostachys A. Gray, Pl. Fend]. 32. 1848. Parosela lumholtzii (Rob. & Fern.) Vail. Parosela eysenhardtioides (Hemsley) Rose. Dalea eysenhardtioides Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Nov. 1: 6, 1878. Parosela oaxacana Rose, sp. noy. Shrubs, 90 to 120 em. high with many short ascending branches clothed with a short soft pubescence, each terminating in a short dense spike of purplish flowers; leaflets 6 to 15 pairs, narrowly oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, pubescent on both sides when young but early glabrate, especially above, rounded at each end, apiculate, paler beneath, thickly set with small glands; bracts ovate, acuminate; calyx hairy, the tube not at all angled, slightly cleft on the upper side, the teeth much shorter than the tube, darker-colored, ovate, acute, almost spiny-toothed.’ Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 40238, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on the Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 2,250 meters, October 10, 1894 (no. 4961), Parosela naviculifolia (Hemsley) Rose. Dalea naviculifolia Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Noy. 1:7. 1878. Parosela tuberculata (Lag.) Rose. Dalea tuberculata Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 23. 1816, Parosela pulchella (Moric. ) Heller, Parosela psoralioides (Moric.) Rose. Dalea psoralioides Moric, Mem. Geneve 6: 533. 1833. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 105 Parosela canescens (Mart. & Gal.) Rose. Dalea canescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 43, 1843. Parosela polygonoides (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela lachnostachys (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela mollis ( Benth.) Heller. Parosela rubescens (S. Wats.) Vail. Parosela inconspicua (Schauer) Rose. Dalea inconspicua Schauer, Linnaea 20: 744. 1847. Parosela nana (Torr. ) Heller. Parosela wrightii (A. Gray) Vail. Parosela vetula (Brandegee) Rose. Dalea vetula Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 146. 1889. Parosela cliffordiana (Willd. ) Rose. Datlea chffordiana Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1336. 1801. Parosela revoluta (8S. Wats.) Rose. Datea revoluta 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 404, L887, Parosela pringlei (A. Giray) Heller. Parosela laevigata (G. Don) Rose. Dalea laevigata G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 2: 224, 1832. Parosela cyanea (Greene) Rose. Dalea cyanea Greene, Pittonia 1: 153. 1888. Parosela brachystachys (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela filiformis (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela nigra (Mart. & Gal.) Rose. Dalea nigra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 102: 43. 1843. Parosela lemmoni (Parry) Heller. Parosela erythrorhiza (Greenman) Rose. Datlea erythrorhiza Greenman, Zoe 5: 185. 1904. Parosela luisiana (8. Wats.) Rose. Datlea luisiana 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 1'7: 341. 1882, Parosela triphylla (Pav.) Rose. Parosela aurea (Nutt.) Britton. Parosela pogonanthera (A. Gray) Vail. Parosela sericea (Lag.) Rose. Dalea sericea Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 28: 1816. Parosela gracilis (Kunth) Rose. Dalea gracilis Kunth, Mimos. 166. pl. 48. 1819. Parosela painteri Rose, sp. nov. Stems bushy, forming large clumps 30 to 50 em. high, woody below; branches clothed with short appressed pubescence, dark-colored, with few or no glands; leaf- lets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong, 5 mm, long, retuse, glabrous and glandless above, glandular and slightly pubescent beneath; spikes at first globular, becoming in fruit 3 em. long; bracts ovate, acute, a little hairy, deciduous; calyx tube broad, glabrous and shining without and bearing a row of black glands between the ribs; calyx teeth linear, 106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. somewhat unequal, about the length of the tube; petals yellow or the keel and wings somewhat reddish; fruit pubescent. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453017, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on a stony hillside near San Juan del Rio, Querétaro, August 18, 1905 (no. 9526). Resembling P. plumosa, but leaflets smaller and glabrous above, stems darker-colored, spikes shorter, etc. . \ Parosela paucifiora Rose, sp. nov. Woody at base, much branched, about 60 cm. high, the young branches finely pubescent; leaflets 7. to 9 pairs, sometimes reduced to 3 pairs, small, 4 to 7 mm, long, oblong, acute or mucronate, hairy on both sides, glandular beneath; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, rather conspicuous, hairy; calyx tube short, hairy, the teeth ovate at base tapering into long subulate tips longer than the the calyx tube; petals small, white; keel and wings borne on the stamen tube a little below the top; ovary hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 316752, collected by C. G. Pringle in shaded places on hills near Guadalajara, Jalisco, December 12, 1888 (no. 1825 ). Parosela watsoni Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, with at least upper branches herbaceous, very villous; leaflets 9 to 11 pairs, hairy on both sides, linear-oblong, obtuse, 3 to 5 mm. long; spikes narrow, very densely flowered; bracts linear to filiform, hairy; calyx hairy, the teeth longer than the tube; petals small, white. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 24472, collected by Dr. E. Palmer at Frayles, Chihuahua, 1885 (no. 252), and briefly described but not named by Dr. S, Watson.¢ Parosela albiflora (A. Gray) Vail. Parosela eriophylla (S. Wats.) Rose. Dalea eriophylla 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 340. 1882. Parosela seemani (8S. Wats.) Rose. Dalea seemani S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 470. 1887. Parosela greggii (A. Gray) Heller. Parosela wislizeni (A. Gray) Vail. Parosela argyrostachys (Hook. & Arn.) Rose. Dalea argyrostachys Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 285. 1841, Parosela plumosa (8. Wats.) Rose. Dalea plumosa 8. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 21: 448. 1886. Parosela leucostoma (Schlecht.) Rose. Datlea leucostoma Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 294. 1838. Parosela domingensis (DC.) Heller. Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail. Parosela purpusi (Brandegee) Rose. Dalea purpusi Brandegee, Erythea 9: 2. 1899. Parosela berlandieri (A. Gray) Rose. Dalea berlandiert A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 177. 1861. Parosela microphylla (H. B. K.) Rose. Dalea microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 482. 1823. Parosela brandegei Rose. Dalea ramosissina Benth. Pl. Hartw. 1844, not D. ramosissina Mart. & Gal. 1843 Named for Mr. Brandegee, who has called attention to the fact that two species @Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 424. 1886. PLATE XXXIV. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol, X, SPHINCTOSPERMUM CONSTRICTUM (S. WATS.) ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 107 are passing under the name of 2). ramosissima and who has recently re-collected and distributed Bentham’s species. Parosela lasiostachya ( Benth.) Rose. Daiea lasiostachya Benth. Pl. Hartw, 11. 1859. Parosela emoryi (A. (ray) Heller. SPHINCTOSPERMUM, A NEW GENUS. Sphinctospermum Rose, gen. nov. Calyx teeth 5, acuminate, the 2 upper more united than the others; petals nearly egual in length; banner nearly orbicular; wings oblong; stamens 10, one free to the base, style slender, hairy near the top; ovaries sessile, many-ovuled; pods linear, 2-valved, septate between the seeds, 6 to 10-seeded; seeds shortly oblong, 4-angled, constricted in the middle suggesting miniature vertebrae, dull-colored and minutely roughened. Annuals with simple linear leaves and single (rarely paired) axillary flowers. In its flowers and pods suggesting some species of Cracca (Tephrosia), such as C. tenella, Its annual habit, simple leaves, and axillary flowers, and especially its most remark- able seeds, exclude it positively from Cracca. Sphinctospermum constrictum (8. Wats.) Rose. Pirare XXXIV, Tephrosia constricta 8. Wats. Proc, Am. Acad. 24: 46, 1889. Reported from western Sonora and Lower California. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX1V.—Fig. a, plant; band ¢, flowers; d, banner; e, wing; J, Keel; g, sta- mens; fh, seed, Fig. a, natural size; ) to g, scale 8; h, scale 4. KRAMERIACEAE. THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF KRAMERIA. Our knowledge of the species of Krameria has been very meagre, especially that of the Mexican ones, Recently collectors in Mexico have not only found new species, but rediscovered some of the very rare ones, such as AY cuspidata, A. revoluta, and AY parvifolia, Of the fifteen species which we now recognize from North America, all except AY danceolatu are represented in our Mexican collection. The following are the North American species: Krameria bicolor §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 417. 1896. iva Krameria cuspidata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 105. 1835-36, Krameria cytisoides Cav. Ic. 4: 61. pl. 390, 1797. Krameria diffusa Rose & Painter, sp. nov. Perennial with long diffuse herbaceous branches and scant pubescence; leaves linear, 1 to 2. em. long, acute, becoming glabrate; inflorescence racemose; peduncles 10 to 15 mm. long, bibracteate above the middle; flowers large, purple; fruit small, globular, with a few short stout spines, these either naked or with very short retrorse hairs. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 452798 (Rose no, 9311), apparently common on the west coast of Mexico, extending from Sinaloa to Guerrero. Specimens examined: Sinaloa: Ymala, Dr. E. Palmer, September 25 to October 8, 1891 (no. 1671). Morelos: Near Puenta de Ixtla, J. N. Rose and Robert Hay, July 4, 1901 (no, 5326). Guerrero: Near Iguala, J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, August 10 and 12, 1905 (no. 9311). 108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter. Low compact shrubs, the branches often forming long weak spines; the bark on old branches dark or sometimes bleaching out; young branches clothed with long cinereous appressed hairs; leaves linear, with cinereous pubescence, tipped by a long deciduous mucro; peduncles and calyx and often the branches and leaves covered with black glandular hairs; sepals and petals purplish; fruit flattened, ovate in out- line, covered with long purple barbed hairs. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 346914, collected by J. N. Rose near Fl Paso, Texas, May 8, 1899 (no. 4904). This species is distributed from western Texas to California, extending north into Utah and south into northern Mexico. It has long been known as K. parvifolia Benth., but that species is confined to southern Lower California, has much greener foliage, less mucronate leaves, red branches, reddish yellow flowers, ete. Krameria grayi Rose « Painter. Krameria canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:42. 1852, not Willd., 1825. Krameria lanceolata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 168. 1828. Krameria palmeri Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 304. pl. 27. 1895. Krameria parvifolia Bentham, Bot. Voy. Sulph. 6. p/. 7. 1844. Krameria paucifolia Rose. Krameria canescens paucifolia Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb, 1: 661. 1890. Krameria pauciflora DC, Prod. 1: 541. 1824. Krameria ramosissima (A. Gray) 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 326, 1882. Krameria parvifolia ramosissima A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 41. 1852. Krameria revoluta O. Berg, Bot. Zeit. 14: 751. 1856. Krameria secundiflora DC. Prod. 1: 341. 1824. Krameria interior Rose & Painter, sp. noy. Shrub, much branched, with black shreddy bark; young branches with cinereous, appressed pubescence; leaves linear, 12 to 20 mm, long, mucronate-tipped; flowers not seen; fruiting peduncles 15 mm. or less long, bibracteate; fruit globular, the body 8 mm. long; spines with retrorse hairs along the upper half. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 301352, collected by J. N. Rase near San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, August 19, 1897 (no, 2441). GERANIACEAE. THREE NEW SPECIES OF GERANIUM. Geranium bellum Rose, sp. nov. Resembling G@. schiedeanum, but the flowersalways white, the sepals much broader, the outer ones 4 or 5-nerved, and the leaf segments much more obtuse. Very common in the high mountains of Central Mexico, frequently collected by the writer and recently by Dr. C. G. Pringle, Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 395386, collected by J. N. Rose and Robert Hay on Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, July 21 and 22, 1901 (no. 5618). Geranium lozani Rose, sp. nov. Perennial; stems several, arising from the base or near it, 20 to 30 cm, high, either nearly glabrous or with a rather scanty pubescence consisting of rather short reflexed hairs; basal leaves long-petioled; blades orbicular in outline, 3 to 5-lobed, the lobes usually 3-cleft and strongly toothed, coriaceous in texture, scarcely if at all paler beneath, a little pubescent on both surfaces; peduncle extending beyond the leaves, 2-flowered; pedicels elongated, 5 to 7 cm. long; sepals broadly lanceolate, 3-nerved, ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 109 inner ones ciliate; petals white, veined with red, 14 mm. long; fruit narrow, 3 cm. long, pubescent. U. 8. National Herbarium no. 461465, collected by C. G. Pringle and F. Lozano near Buena Vista Station, Hidalgo, altitude 2,550 meters, 1904 (no. 8994). Geranium pringlei Rose, sp. nov. Perennial; stems erect, about 30 em. high, very pilose, especially at base, the upper part of the stem and inflorescence with numerous purple stipitate glands; basal leaves long-petioled, white-pilose, especially below the blade, deeply lobed, each lobe cleft and sharply toothed; stem leaves somewhat similar but shorter-petioled; peduncles usually 2-flowered; pedicels short, 1 to 2 cm. long, densely glandular-pubescent; sepals lanceolate, faintly 3-nerved, the inner ones ciliate; petals blue, large; fruit linear, pubescent, with stipitate glands. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461451, collected by C. G. Pringle in meadows, Cuyamaloya Station, in eastern Hidalgo, altitude 2,490 meters, August 2, 1904 (no. 8978). | OXALIDACEAE. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The breaking up of Oxalis by Dr. J. K. Small into several genera has been variously received by botanists. My own view of the sub- ject is that his ground has been well taken and his treatment is followed in this paper. Ovxalis proper is not found in Mexico, but all the segre- gates made by Doctor Small are represented, and in addition to these Biophytum and Pseudoxalis, the latter here described for the first time. For more than ten years I have been studying the Mexican material of this family, in which I have found many new species, some of them here first described. SOME MEXICAN SPECIES OF IONOXALIS. In Mexico lonoxalis might well be called the harbinger of spring, for it is one of the first plants to respond to the rains which break up the long dry season and is the very first to give color to the landscape. One may travel for many miles north of the City of Mexico and see the high valleys and plains blue, pink, or white with Lonoxalis while most other vegetation has hardly started. -Of the 35 named species of Oxalis credited to Mexico and Central America by Hemsley 15 belong to this genus, but the actual number is greatly in excess of this figure. The genus has a wide range both horizontal and altitudinal. It is scattered over the entire length and breadth of the country, reaching from near the sea level to the tops of many of the high mountains; 1t grows on the open plain, in woods, in cultivated fields as a weed, on nearly barren rocks, on dry exposed hillsides, and in sandy nooks under the influence of the spray of a waterfall. Some species grow on nearly perpendicular cliffs, others on the level so thickly set together as to form a sod, while others are scattered or solitary. The following comprise most of the Mexican species. 110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ionoxalis alpina Rose, sp. nov. 3ulbs solitary; leaves radical, several; petioles slender, glabrous; leaflets 38, broadly cuneate, strongly notched, glabrous, pale beneath; peduncle long, longer than the leaves, glabrous, 2 or 3-flowered; involucral bracts small, slightly pubescent; pedi- cels long (2.5 to 5 em.) and slender, somewhat unequal; sepals lanceolate, 4 mm. long, obtuse or acutish, glabrous with scarious margins; petals white, large, 20 mm. long; 5 of the stamens a little longer than the others; filaments glabrous below, slightly hairy at the top. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 304004, collected by Dr. C. G, Pringle on Sierra de las Crucis, Mexico, altitude 3,000 meters, August 13, 1896 (no. 6439). Ionoxalis amplifolia (Trelease) Rose. Oxalis divergens amplifolia Trelease in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 368. 1897. This form seems to deserve specific rank. It is characterized by broad obcordate leaflets, the lobes short and rounded. Doctor Trelease determined it as a form of O, divergens, a species of South Mexico having white flowers. I have referred here tentatively a specimen collected by Palmer near Durango, 1896 (no. 297). Ionoxalis bipartita Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs globose, small, the scales many-nerved, ciliate; buds and young parts hairy; leaflets 3, a little hairy, deeply 2-lobed; lobes widely spreading, linear and elongated, obtuse; sepals 3 mm. long, obtuse, 2-glandular at tip; petals pale blue (?), small, 6 mm. long; stamens 10, united below, of two lengths, the longer ones hairy; ovary sessile or nearly so; styles long and short in different flowers; fruit oblong-linear, 5 mm. long. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 461290, collected by C, G. Pringle near Cuer- navaca, Morelos, July, 1898 (no. 6896); also collected in the same locality by J. N. Rose, May, 1899 (no. 4365). This species resembles J. stipitata of the Valley of Mexico, but has different lea- lets, flowers, ete. TIonoxalis compacta Rose, sp. nov. Plants glabrous, growing in clusters on rocks in dark canyons; bulbs small, the coats l-nerved, small; leaflets 3, small, wedge-shaped, retuse at apex; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2 to 4-flowered; pedicels slender, about 2 cm. long; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, 2.6 mm. long; petals pale lilac, 10 mm. long; 5 longer stamens slightly hairy. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 302425, collected by J. N. Rose in a canyon near top of the Sierra Madre just below the little village of Santa Teresa, Tepic, alti- tude about 2,400 meters, August 12, 1897 (no. 3448). Perhaps nearest [. gregaria, but with different leaflets, fewer and larger flowers, etc. Ionoxalis confusa Rose, sp. nov. PLaTveE XXXV, Ficure 1. Resembling /. furcata; leaflets glaucous and much deeper-cleft (usually to below the middle); sepals glabrous; flowers more numerous and smaller; capsule linear- oblong, 7 mm. long; stamens of two lengths, the short ones glabrous, the long hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 305682, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on wet banks near Guadalajara, Jalisco, June, 1889 (no. 2789). This species was distributed as O. decaphylla H. B. K., from which it proves to be very distinct. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV, Fia, 1.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepal; c, d, stamens; e, ovary. Fig. a, natural size; b to e, scale 2. Ionoxalis conzattiana Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs solitary, rather large, surrounded by a bundle of fibers; bulb-scales orbicular, with many nerves (15 or more); leaflets 4 to 6, orbicular to shortly oblong, rounded PLATE XXXV., IONOXALIS CONFUSA ROSE, |. FURCATA ROSE, AND |. JALISCANA ROSE. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 111 at apex, 2 to 3 cm. long, somewhat hairy even in age, glaucous beneath, the margin and tip with scattered brown glands; peduncles often much longer than the leaves and appearing with them, 20 to 30 cm. long; flowers numerous, on slender pedicels; sepals lanceolate, 5 to 8 mm. long, obtusish, thin, purplish-margined, bearing a brown gland at tip; flowers deep purple; petals 12 to 20 mm. long; filaments a little pubescent; styles hairy. Type U. S. National Herbarium no, 346561, collected by J. N. Rose and Walter Hough on Mount Alban near city of Oaxaca, June 16 to 21, 1899 (no. 4586). I also refer here, although it has much larger flowers, a specimen collected by FE. W. Nelson on the west slope of Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca, July, 1894 (no. 550). This is one of the largest-flowered species of the genus which I have seen in Mexico and would doubtless be worthy of introduction into cultivation, I have named it for my friend Professor Conzatti, of Oaxaca, who conducted me to the region in which the plant was found and to whom I am under many obligations for courtesies shown me while in his city. Ionoxalis cuernavacana Rose, sp. noy. Bulbs large, deep-seated, clothed without with stout fibers; bulb scales acute, broad, with numerous strong nerves; leaflets 4, broadly cuneate, rounded or broadly notched at apex, in age glabrate, pale beneath, 3 to 6 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. broad; peduncles stout, appearing before the leaves; flowers mostly 6 to 12, sometimes reduced to one; sepals oblong, obtuse, gland-tipped; flowers reddish or purplish; petals 12 to 15 mm. long; stamens of two lengths, the longer toothed on one side, glandular-pubescent, the others hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 346366, collected by J. N. Rose in deep woods in the canyon above Cuernavaca, Morelos, May, 1899 (no. 4401); also near the same locality by C. G. Pringle, June, 1896 (no. 6344). Bulbs were sent home by the writer which flowered in the Botanical Garden in September, 1899. Ionoxalis decaphylla (H. B. Kk.) Rose. Oxalis decaphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 538. pl. 468. 1821. Humboldt’s illustration of this species shows a plant with 10 leaflets somewhat cuneate at base and strongly notched at apex. The material which has been referred to this species comes from widely separated stations and shows a considerable vari- ation in the size and shape of the leaflets. A good part of it seems to belong else- where. Material which I collected in the Valley of Mexico is very nearly typical, and, if really so, it will exclude all the northern material. Ionoxalis drummondii (A. Gray) Rose. Oxalis drummondit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 261. 1853. I. drummondii has been reported in Sonora by Torrey, but no specimens are cited by Doctor Trelease. I have seen only the Mexican Survey specimens cited by Torrey. The species is characterized by the broadly spreading lobes of the leaflets and by the blue flowers. The scales of the bulbs are thin and 3-nerved, the stamens glabrous. Ionoxalis furcata Rose, sp. nov. PLaTtE XXXY, FIGureE 2. Bulbs solitary, small, globular, covered with the fibers of the old scales; scales ovate, acute, many (more than 10)- nerved; petioles shorter than the peduncles, glabrous; leaflets 7 to 9, linear in outline, glabrous, each two-cleft; lobes about one- fourth the length of the leaflets, diverging, linear, obtuse; peduncles 3 to 7-flowered; involucral bract small, ovate, acute; pedicels slender, 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals shortly oblong, 3 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, 3-nerved, pubescent; corolla purplish, 10 to 12 mm. long; stamens all hairy; styles (in specimens seen) of one length and very short; capsule not seen. 112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 396715, collected by C. G. Pringle on wet ledges near Guadalajara July 10, 1902 (no. 8659). Here perhaps belongs J. N. Rose’s no. 6402 collected in 1901 near the same locality. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV, Fie. 2.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepals; ¢ and d, stamens; e, ovary. Fig. a, natural size; b to e, scale 2. Ionoxalis galeottii (Turez.) Rose. Oxalis galeottii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 311: 433, 1858. Type locality; ‘Oaxaca, altitude 7,000 ped.;’? type collected by Galeotti (no. 3995), Specimens examined: Oaxaca: Sierra de San Felipe, altitude 2,700 and 3,000 meters, C. G. Pringle, May, 1894 (no. 4660). I have seen no authentic specimens of this species, but Doctor Pringle’s plant comes from the same general locality and answers the description fairly well. Ionoxalis gonzalesii Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs solitary, globular, covered with many fine fibers; scales with numerous nerves; leaflets about 9, broadly linear, 6 to 7 cm. long, acute, glabrate in age; pedun- cles 20 to 30 em. long; umbels many-flowered; pedicels slender, 1 to 2 cm. long; sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous; petals 1 cm. long, deep purple; styles long, hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 371938, collected by C. Conzatti and V. Gon- zales on San Felipe, Oaxaca, June 10, 1897 (no. 333). This species is perhaps nearest 0. lasiandra, but it has differently shaped leaflets, glabrous sepals, ete. Ionoxalis grayi Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs surrounded by a thick coat of old fibers; scales thickish, many-nerved; leaflets 5 to 8, simply notched, or deeply parted; peduncles longer than the leaves; flowers purplish; filaments hairy. This is the Ovalis decaphylla of Gray and of all American writers. It differs greatly from the material from the Valley of Mexico in the texture of the bulb scales and in having numerous veins instead of three. I have referred tentatively to this species all the material heretofore passing under O. decaphylla except that from the Valley of Mexico, although there may be other forms which should be taken out. I have taken for the type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 14731, the first specimen (Wright’s no. 909) wrongly referred to O. decaphylla, Ionoxalis gregaria Rose, sp. nov. Plants growing in thin sheets on the sides and in crevices of dark overhanging cliffs; bulbs numerous, small, in flowering specimens almost entirely absorbed, appar- ently arising from slender rhizomes; leaflets 3, sharply cuneate at base, broad above, retuse, the lobes rounded, 6 to 30 mm. long, pale or sometimes violet-colored, gla- brous or nearly so; peduncles much longer than the leaves, many-flowered; pedicels very slender, elongated, sometimes 25 mm. long; flowers small; calyx lobes shortly oblong, obtuse, | to 2 mm. long, glandular at tip; petals pale lilac, 6 to 8 mm. long; stamens hairy. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 40240, collected by C. G. Pringle in the bar- ranca below Cuernavaca, Morelos, 1896 (no. 6343); also collected at the same locality by J. N. Rose, May, 1899 (no. 4437). It differs from most of the other described species in its clustered bulbs. Appar- ently of the type of O. martiana, but certainly different. Ionoxalis hernandesii (DC.) Rose. Oxalis hernandesii DC, Prod. 1: 695, 1824. This species has a wide distribution and shows considerable variation in the size and shape of the leaflets. The leaflets, however, are never retuse. In the U. 8. National Herbarium we have some 16 sheets of this species. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 1138 Ionoxalis jacquiniana (II. B. K.) Rose. Oxalis jacquiniana H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 235, 1821. Type locality: ‘‘Prope Real del Monte.” Ionoxalis jaliscana Rose, sp. nov. PLATE XXXV, Fiaure 3. Bulbs solitary, globular; scales closely many-nerved; petioles scarcely half as long as the peduncles, glabrous; leaflets 5 to 8, broadly cuneate, 6 to 12 mm. broad above, deeply 2-notched or slightly lobed, the lobes broad and obtuse; flowers 5 to 8; pedi- cels slender, 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals 5 mim, long, oblong, acute, glabrous; corolla vurplish, 15 mm. long; styles (in specimens seen) all very short and glabrous; cap- sule oblong, about twice as long as the sepals, glabrous. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 396712, collected by C. G. Pringle near Gua- dalajara, Jalisco, July 12, 1902 (no. 8646), also collected near the same locality by Dr, FE. Palmer in 1896 (no, 68). The latter plant was referred by Dr, 8. Watson to Ovalis decaphylla, from which it is readily distinguished by its bulb scales, leaflets, ete. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXV, Fig. 3.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepal; ¢ and d, stamens; e, ovary; / fruit. Fig. a, natural size; > tof, scale 2. Tonoxalis latifolia (H. B. K.) Rose. Oxalis latifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 52237. pl. 467. 1823. This species as heretofore understood has had a wide range extending, according to some authorities, from the southern United States through Mexico and Central America to South America, and from Campeche on the coast to high upon Mount Orizaba. The only specimens I have seen which at all seem to answer Humboldt’s illustra- tion are those collected. by Doctor Gaumer (no. 585) and by Doctor Schott (nos. 490 and 918), in both cases in Yucatan, therefore from near the type locality. As I understand this species it is characterized by broadly cuneate leaflets which are rather strongly nerved, small flowers, small, broad, obtuse sepals, hairy stamens, and a stipitate ovary. Ionoxalis lasiandra (Zucc.) Rose. Ovalis lasiandra Zace. Abh. Akad. Muench. 2: 353, 1834. A condensed description is as follows: Leaflets 7 to 9, 7.5 em. long, 2.6 cm. broad, rounded at apex; sepals with glandular hairs outside; petals large, crimson; fila- ments glandular-pubescent. This species is now grown in the open grounds of the Washington Botanical Garden, having come from Edinburgh, the original source of the Graham material. Mr. George Oliver tells me that it is very common in the grounds of the Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, sometimes becoming a weed. Oxalis lasiandra Zace. and O, lasiandra Graham have been heretofore considered distinct species, Graham’s name being the one in general use. After a careful com- parison of the original descriptions IT am led to believe that the name as used by both authorities refers to the same species. Zuccarini described his plant about 1834 (?), having grown it from bulbs sent by NKarwinski from Mexico to the botanical garden at Munich. The species being such an attractive one would naturally be dis- tributed. In 1840 Graham received specimens from Berlin under the manuscript name of O. lasiandra, which name he used in 1842 when he figured and described it in the Botanical Magazine. Zuccarini should therefore be cited as the authority for this name. The Kew Index reference of Graham’s plant to O. floribunda Lehm., a Brazilian species, must be incorrect. Ionoxalis lunulata (Zucc.) Rose. Oxalis lunulata Guee. Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 1: 200. 1830. In the Bernhardi Herbarium, now in the Missouri Botanical Garden, is what appears to be a part of the type of O. Junulata. It seems to answer that species in every particular, character of bulb scales, size, number, and shape of leaflets, num- ber and color of flowers, etc. The label gives the locality ‘‘ Mexico.” 114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Ionoxalis occidentalis Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs solitary, deep-seated; bulb scales acuminate, strongly many (about 20) nerved, some of the nerves anastomosing; leaflets 4 to 6, rather thick, strongly notched at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; peduncles elongated, much longer than the leaves and appearing with them; flowers 4 to 7, on slender pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long; sepals broadly oblong, 6 to 7 mm. long, rounded or even truncate at the apex, thin with broad purple margins, glabrous, with 3 or 4 glands near tip; petals deep purple above, pale below, 2 cm. long; filaments somewhat hairy; styles pubescent. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 301992, collected by J. N. Rose on the road between Bolafios and Guadalajara, but in the State of Zacatecas, September 20, 1897 (no. 3035). This is a very beautiful species, worthy of cultivation. Ionoxalis primavera Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs of medium size; scales oblong, very fibrous, the nerves 12 or more; leaflets 3, triangular in outline more or less strongly lobed at apex, the lobes generally broad and rounded at apex; peduncles 20 to 30 cm. long, nearly twice as long as the leaves; pedicels and calyx glandular-pubescent even in age; flowers numerous, purplish; sepals lanceolate, obtusish, glandular at tip, 5 to 6 mm, long; petals 12 to 16 mm. long; pubescent within; filaments only slightly pubescent. Very common in the lowlands of Tepic and Sinaloa, where it was collected by J. N. Rose, July 2, 1897 (no, 1508). This specimen, the type, from Acaponeta, Tepee, is no. 300348 of the U. S. National Herbarium. This plant begins to flower a few days after the first rains and is one of the very earliest of the herbaceous plants to appear on the dry plains of western Mexico. Later in the season it is so abundant that it becomes a troublesome weed in corn- fields. This species has been in cultivation since 1897 in the Washington Botanical Gar- den, where it has flowered several times. Ionoxalis pringlei Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs solitary; leaves radial, several; petioles slender, glabrous; leaflets broadly cuneate, obcordate, glabrous, 10 to 20 mm. broad; peduncle 15 to 25 em. long, much longer than the leaves, glabrous, 2 to 8-flowered; involucral bracts small, slightly pubescent, acute, gland-tipped; peduncles 12 to 35 mm. long, slender; sepals ovate, acute, 4 mm. long, glabrous, with scarious margins and gland-tipped; petals blue, yellowish below, 10 mm. long; 5 filaments longer than the others; capsule linear, elongated, 15 mm. long. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304008, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on lava beds on the side of Sierra de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, altitude 2,550 meters, September 8, 1896 (no, 6483) . Ionoxalis schiedeana (Zucc.) Rose. Oxalis schiedeana Zuce. Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 2: 352. 1834. Ionoxalis stipitata Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs globular, small, covered with thin coats, these with about 8 to 10 delicate nerves, ciliate; young buds hairy; leaflets 3, becoming glabrate, 2-lobed; lobes widely spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse; sepals oblong, 4 mm. long, obtuse, purplish at tip, 2-glandular; petals pale blue, 11 mm. long; stamens 10, united below, of two lengths; free part of filaments broad below, the 5 longer filaments hairy, the 5 shorter glabrous; ovary stipitate; styles (in specimens seen) long, hairy; fruit rather broad, one and one-half times longer than the sepals. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 40241, collected by C. G. Pringle, near Tlalne- pantla, Valley of Mexico, July 5, 1898 (no. 6894). Ionoxalis stolonifera Rose, sp. noy. For description see p. 131, ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 115 Ionoxalis tenuiloba Rose, sp. nov. Bulbs solitary; petioles about the length of the peduncle, glabrous; leaflets 3, cuneate at base, deeply 2-lobed; lobes strongly divergent, linear, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acute; peduncle filiform, 10 to 12 em. long; umbel about 8-flowered; pedicels filiform, 2.5 mm. long; sepals obtuse, gland-tipped; filaments hairy, Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 236917, collected by Marcus E. Jones at Colima, State of Colima, July 2, 1892 (no. 118). This species has very remarkable leaflets. Ionoxalis tetraphylla (Cav.) Rose. ; Oxalis tetraphylla Cay. Te. 8:19. pl. 287, 1794. Oxalis deppei Lodd. Bot. Cab. 15: pl. 1500. 1828. Type locality: ‘In Mexico Imperio.”’ I haye referred to this species a plant collected by myself on the pedregal at San Angel near the City of Mexico, which, from its appearance and station, is more likely to belong here than any other which I have seen. Cavanilles’s figure shows a plant with 3 or 4 broad, obovate leaflets and with elongated peduncles and slender pedicels, all of which are possessed by my specimen. Ionoxalis vespertilionis (Zucc. ) Rose. Oxalis respertilionis Zuce, Abh. Math. Phys. Classe 21350. 1834. MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF LOTOXALIS. The following Mexican species of Lotoxalis are either new or have been passing as species of Oxalis. Lotoxalis angustifolia (H.B.K.) Rose. Oxalis angustifolia H. B.K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 249. 1823, Lotoxalis dichotoma Rose, sp. noy. Woody for some distance below, slender, erect, rarely if at all branching, some- what hairy, 30 to 60 cm. high; petioles slender, 2 to 7 ecm. long, somewhat pilose; leaflets orbicular to oblong, 2 to 4 em. long, rounded at base and apex or sometimes obtuse, thin, more or less hairy on both sides, paler beneath, the terminal leaflet remote; pedicels slender, 2 to 7 em. long, longer than the subtending petiole, dichoto- mously branching with a single flower in the fork, several-flowered; sepals 4 mm. long, slightly hairy; petals yellow, twice as long as the sepals; stamens glabrous. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 300500, collected by J. N. Rose in the foothills of the Sierra Madre, near Colomas, Sinaloa, July, 1897 (no. 1650). This species belongs to the group Hedysaroideae, and is closely related to the so-called Oxalis sepium. Lotoxalis fasciculata (Turcz.) Rose. Oxalis fasciculata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 82': 272. 1859. Lotoxalis glabrata (Baker) Rose. Oralis neaei glabrata Baker, Ref. Bot. 5: pl. 292, 1871. Lotoxalis neaei (DC.) Rose. Oxalis neaei DC. Prod. 1: 690, 1824. Lotoxalis occidentalis Rose, sp. nov. Somewhat woody below, branching at base; branches angled, glabrous; petioles usually hairy; leaflets three, glabrous throughout or slightly ciliate, orbicular to narrowly oblong, obtuse or slightly retuse, the upper leaflet somewhat remote; peduncles 2 to 2.5 em. long, longer than the petioles; flowers in umbels of 3 or 4; buds ovate, acute; sepals ovate, 5 mm, long, acute, glabrous or nearly so; petals yellow; capsule oblong, 6 to 8mm. long, smooth; cells 3-seeded. 4153—voL x, pt 3—06——45 116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 302240, collected by J. N. Rose on road between Rosario and Concepcién, Sinaloa, July 27, 1897 (no. 3265). Lotoxalis pentantha (Jacq.) Rose. Oxalis pentantha, Jacq. Oxal. 21. pl. 1. 1794. Lotoxalis psilotricha (Turcz.) Rose. “ Oxalis psilotricha Turez. Bull, Soc. Nat. Mose. 31!: 428. 1858. Lotoxalis tephrodes (Turcz.) Rose. Oxalis tephrodes Turez, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 31: 428. 1858. Lotoxalis yucatanensis Rose, sp. noy. Ten to 30 cm. high, erect, woody throughout; young parts with ascending some- what appressed pubescence; leaflets 3, the terminal remote, oblong to orbicular, thin (in herbarium specimens), mostly rounded at base, usually strongly emarginate, but the tips unequal, nearly glabrous, 5 to 15 mm, long; inflorescence of 5 to 7 flowers, dichotomous with central flower solitary, compact, the pedicels jointed above the base; sepals ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. long, nerved, glabrous or nearly so; corolla yellow; 5 longer filaments hairy; capsule orbicular(”), glabrous on the angles. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 268419 (Gaumer no, 715). Specimens examined: Yucatan, Schott, 1865 (no, 625); G. F. Gaumer, 1895 (no, 715); C. F. Mills- paugh, 1899 (no. 1638). This species has heretofore passed under the name of L. berlandieri, but differs in its more erect shrubby habit and glabrous capsules, in the character of its inflores- cence, etc. It is apparently confined to Yucatan. RESTORATION OF BIOPHYTUM. “ This genus was established by DeCandolle in 1824, based upon two species formerly referred to Oxalis, It was shortly afterwards returned to Oxalis where it remained for the next half-century, Gar- deners, however, usually kept it out of Oxalis on account of its very peculiar habit. Don and Nickelson both recognize Biophytum. Durand takes it up in 1888 and so does R. Reeche in Engler and Prantl’s late work. Otto Kuntze takes up for this genus the pre-Linnaean name Todda- vaddi (1742). About twenty species have been recognized, but only the following is known to grow in Mexico. Biophytum dendroides (H. B. K.) DC. Prod. 1: 690. 1824. Oxalis dendroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 250. 1828. Toddavaddi dendroides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 96, 1891. Specimen examined: Vera Cruz: Barranca of Chayarreillo, C. G. Pringle, 1899 (no, 8165). PSEUDOXALIS, A NEW GENUS. Pseudoxalis gen. nov. Probably perennial, caulescent from slender running rootstocks; leaves alternate; stipules wanting; leaflets 3, palmate, sessile; peduncles 1 or 2-flowered; sepals 5, broad, thin, petaloid, much longer than the petals; petals small, yellow. Perhaps nearest Xanthoxalis, from which it differs especially in its small corolla and large petaloid sepals. When Oxalis madrensis was first described it was compared a Bropuytum DC. Prod. 1: 689, 1824. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 117 by Doctor Watson with 0. (now Lotovralis) berlandieri, from which it differs especially in its foliage. P. madrensis (8. Wats.) Rose. Oxalis madrensis 8. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 25: 144. 1890. Stems much branched, creeping, pubescent; leaflets obovate, obtuse or retuse, 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals obtuse, 6 to 8 mm. long. Only known from mountains near Monterey, Nuevo Leon. Collected by C. G, Pringle, July 16, 1889 (no. 2867). LINACEAE. TWO NEW SPECIES OF LINUM. Linum longipes Rose, sp. noy. Annual, erect, 20 to 30 cm. high, simple below, branching above, slightly hairy; lower leaves in whorls, oblong to obovate, 10 to 15 mm. long, obtuse, shortly but distinctly petioled, very thin; upper leaves attenuate, acute, stipular glands wanting; pedicels slender, 10 to 20 mm. long; sepals 2 to 2.5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, slightly glandular-ciliate; petals yellow, about twice as Jong as the sepals; styles slender united, nearly to the top, valves 10; carpels small, without cartilaginous insertions at base. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 381811, collected by C. G. Pringle, in moun- tains near Iguala, Guerrero, October 11, 1900 (no. 9261), This species resembles somewhat L. eruciatum, but has the styles united, the pedi- cels longer and glabrous, ete. Linum nelsoni Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, much branched at base, the branches long, often weak, perhaps some- times procumbent, when young pilose; lower leayes in whorls, oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, obtuse, at first pilose, becoming glabrate, the uppermost leaves alternate, acute; inflorescence open; pedicels pilose; sepals ovate, acute; petals yellow, 5 to 6 mm. long; capsule 10-valved. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 469215, collected by E. W. Nelson at Boca del Monte, Vera Cruz, March 13, 1894 (no. 210). Also collected by C. A. Purpus, on Ixtaccfhuatl, January, 1903 (no. 67). BALSAMEACEAE. RESTORATION OF TEREBINTHUS, WITH ITS SPECIES. The ancient name Terebinthus was adopted by Tournefort, Ray, and other well-known authors, but was discarded by Linnaeus for Pistacia, a name almost, if not quite, equally ancient. In accordance with the present practice in nomenclature Pistacia must remain the name of the genus to which Linnaeus applied it. Mr. William F. Wight has called my attention to the fact that the name Terebinthus, however, is valid for another genus, that to which it was first applied by a post-Linnaean author. This first use was by Patrick Browne in 1756,¢ who based his genus on a single species, Péstacéa simaruba L., which will there- fore be the type of Terebinthus.’ Although the Linnaean binomial is not given by Browne, the three following references, ** Pistacia foliis pinnatis deciduis, foliolis ovatis. L. Sp. Pl. Terebenthus major Betu- lae cortice, etc. Slo. Cat. 167 & H. Simaruba. L. M. Med.”, unmistak- “Civil and Natural History of Jamaica, p. 345. For citation and synonymy see Terebinthus simaruba in list below. a 115 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ably establish the identity of Browne’s species with Pistacra simaruba, as the same references with no other description or citation, are given by Linnaeus for this species. Four years after the publication of Browne’s work, Jacquin, 1760,“ includes the same species as Zerebinthus brownid. Linnaeus in 1762,° changed the name to Bursera gqunmifera. This name, modified in spelling to Burseria gunmifera, was adopted by Jacquin 1763.¢ But Bursera or Burseria, is invalid for this genus not only because it is antedated by Terebinthus but because the name was applied earlier“ to a different genus. Another name which has been used by some authors is Elaphrium, Jacquin 1760.° This is four years later than Browne’s publication of Terebinthus and even the latter name has place priority in.the same work in which Elaphrium appears. The following are the known Mexican species: Terebinthus aloexylon (Schiede) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium aloexylon Schiede, Linnaea 17: 252, 1843, Terebinthus aptera (Ramirez) Rose. Bursera aptera Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. 2: 16, pl. 1. 1896. Terebinthus arborea Rose, sp. nov. Tall trees; old trunks red and smooth; young branches pubescent; leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, 4 to 9 cm. long, ovate, rounded or cuneate or rarely cordate at base, more or less abruptly acuminate, the acuminum obtuse, somewhat pubescent on both sides; inflorescence paniculate; fruit glabrous; sepals ovate, acute, ciliate; fruit in very compact clusters. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 302233 (Rose 3259e), collected by J. N. Rose between Acaponeta and Concepcién, Tepic, July 2 (no, 1505), July 4 (no. 1530); near Rosario, July 22 (no. 1821); between Rosario and Concepcién, July 27 (3259a and 3259e) and July 28 (3259b). All collected in 1897. A very common tree in the low country of Tepic and Sinaloa, Terebinthus arida Rose, sp. nov. Puate XXXVI. A low shrub; branches dark gray, those of the first year densely pubescent, the older ones glabrous; leaves clustered near the ends of short spurs or scattered along the new branches; leaflets mostly 2 to 4 pairs, rarely reduced to 3 or sometimes even to one, oblong to spatulate, 4 to 6 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous on both sides; petiole and the narrowly winged rachis slightly hairy; flowers subsessile; calyx half as long as petals, both hairy; fruit subsessile, glabrous. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453480, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near Tehuacin, Puebla, 1905 (no. 9985), August 1 and 2, 1901 (no. 5864), and by J. N. Rose, same locality, * . This species must be near B. galeotti, but it has fewer and differently shaped leaflets, ete. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVI.—Fig. a, plant; b, fruit. Fig. a, natural size; b, enlarged. Terebinthus bicolor (Schlecht. ) Rose. Elaphrium bicolor Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 625, 1843. @Enum. Pl. Carib. 3, 18. 4 Loefling, Iter. 194. 1758. bSp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 471. Enum. Pl. Carib. 3, 19. ¢Stirp. Am. Hist. 94. pl. 65. PLATE XXXVI. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. TEREBINTHUS ARIDA ROSE. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 119 Terebinthus biflora Rose, sp. nov. Two to 5 meters high with many short stunted branches; leaves on very short petioles (8 mm, long); leaflets always 38, small (6 to 20 im. long), ovate to obovate, acute or obtuse, more or less cuneate at base, crenate, slightly pubescent on both sides; fruiting peduncles slender, 12 to 20 mm. long; pedicels 4 mm. long; fruit usually in pairs, 8 mm. long, glabrous. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 316639, collected on limestone ledges near Tehuacin, Puebla, by C. G. Pringle, August 27, 1897 (no. 6686). Also collected at the same locality by J. N. Rose, August 2, 1901 (no. 5903). Terebinthus bipinnata (DC.) W. F. Wight. Amyris bipinnata DC. Prod. 2: 82. 1825. Terebinthus cerasifolia (Brandegee) Rose. Bursera cerasifolia Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. IIT, 3: 121. 1891. Terebinthus cinerea (Kngler) Rose. Bursera cinerea Engler, DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 48. 1883. Terebinthus cuneata (Nchlecht.) Rose. Hlaphrium cuneatum Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 629. 1845. Terebinthus delpechiana (Poisson) Rose. Bursera delpechiana Poisson; Engl. in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 53. 1883. Terebinthus excelsa (H.B.K.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium excelsum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7:80. pl. O17, 1825. Terebinthus fagaroides (H.B. Kk.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium fagaroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 27. 1825. Terebinthus fragilis (S. Wats.) Rose. Bursera fragilis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 442. 1886. Terebinthus galeottiana (Kngler) Rose. Bursera galeottiana Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 47. 1883. Terebinthus glabrescens (8. Wats.) Rose. Bursera palmert glabrescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 145. 1890. Terebinthus gracilis (Engler) Rose. Bursera gracilis Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 50. 1883. Terebinthus grandifolia (Engler) Rose. Bursera grandifolia Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 50. 1883. Terebinthus graveolens (H.B. hk.) Rose. Elaphrium graveolens HW. B. WK. Noy. Gen. Sp. 7%: 31. 1825, Terebinthus heterophylla (Engler) Rose. Bursera heterophylla !ngler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 46. 1883. Terebinthus jonesii Rose. Bursera jonesii Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895, Terebinthus jorullensis (H.B.K.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium jorullense H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. pl. 672. 1825. Terebinthus karwinskii (Engler) Rose. Bursera karwinskii Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 57. 1883. Terebinthus kerberi (Engler) Rose. Bursera kerberi Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 41. 1883. 120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Terebinthus lancifolia (Schlecht.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium laneifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 247, 1848, Terebinthus lanuginosa (II. B. K.) Rose. Elaphrium lanuginosum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. "7: 31, 1825, Terebinthus longipes Rose, sp. nov. A small tree 3 to 4 meters high, with a smooth trunk and with a broad flat top, glabrous throughout; leaves pinnate, 10 to 25 cm. long; common petiole terete, not at all winged between the leaflets; leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, on slender petiolules (the longer 10 mm. long) long-acuminate, the terminal ones cuneate at base, the others usually rounded, sometimes narrowed, always more or less oblique at base, green above, paler and somewhat reticulated below, quite glabrous on both sides even when quite young; inflorescence paniculate, 10 em. long; flowering pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long, in fruiting 5 to 8 mm. long; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals white, oblong, 3 mm. long; fruit oblong, 12 mm. long, borne in a dense cluster. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 346674, collected by J. N. Rose and Walter Hough on the dry hills above Matamoras, Puebla, June 26, 1899 (no. 4691). Also collected by C. G. Pringle near Jojutla, Morelos, 1901 (no. 8510). This species was not common about Matamoras, but was found scattered along the brow of dry hills mingled with various species of Acacia, Mimosa, and Opuntia. The type (Rose’s no. 4691) is a fruiting specimen. The flower characters are drawn from Pringle’s no. 8510, which apparently belongs here, although the leaves are very immature. This species, while related to T. simaruba, is very different in its habit of growth, inflorescence, foliage, ete. Terebinthus macdougali Rose, Torreya 6: 170. August, 1906. A small tree; bark of 1 and 2 year old branches reddish, smooth; leaves clustered at the ends of short spurs, either simple or with 8 to 5 leaflets; rachis of compound leaves winged; petioles short; blade oblong, obtuse, 1 to 1.5 em. long, crenately toothed, with a very short, dense pubescence on both surfaces; male flowers borne in short racemes or panicles; sepals and petals densely pubescent; female flowers solitary; peduncles very short, 4 mm. long, glabrous. A species common on the hills near the head of the Gulf of California, first collected by Dr. E. Palmer in 1870 and recently collected near the same region by Dr. D. T. MacDougal, after whom I take great pleasure in naming it. This has heretofore been confused with B. hindsiana of southern Lower California, from which, however, it seems quite distinct. It differs in its more vigorous branches, reddish instead of blackish bark on | and 2 year old shoots, somewhat thicker leaves and leaflets, shorter and denser pubescence on leaves, more pubescent petals, ete. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 15501, collected by Dr. KE. Palmer. Specimens examined: - Lower California: Exact locality not given but doubtless near the mouth of the Colorado River, Dr. EK, Palmer; San Felipe Bay, D.'T. MacDougal, February, 1904; Los Angeles Bay, Dr. KE. Palmer, 1887 (no, 572). Sonora: Hills near the Gulf of California, C. G. Pringle, August 20, 1884. Terebinthus mexicana (Hngler) W. F. Wight. Bursera mexicana Engler, DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 51. 1883. Terebinthus microphylla (A. Gray) Rose. Bursera microphylla A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 5: 155, 1861. Terebinthus morelensis (Ramirez) Rose. Bursera morelensis Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nat. 2: 17. 1896. Terebinthus multifolia Rose, sp. nov. Small shrub 2.4 meters high; branches dark, sometimes reddish, glabrous; very young branches puberulent; leaves borne in clusters near the ends of short branches, ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 121 once pinnate; leaflets 15 to 19, linear-oblong, 10 to 13 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. broad, glabrous, entire, obtuse; fruit solitary on short reflexed peduncles, orbicular, glab- rous, 3 lines long. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 301368, collected by J. N. Rose at San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas, August 21, 1897 (mo. 2455). This species is nearest 7. microphylla (A. Gray) Rose and 7. morelensis (Ramirez) Rose, from both of which it differs in its more distinct leaflets, shorter peduncles, etc. Terebinthus multijuga (Engler) Rose. Bursera multijuga Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 42. 1888. Terebinthus odorata (Brandegee) Rose. Bursera odorata Brandegee, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 2: 138. 1889. Mr. Brandegee reduced this species to B. fagaroides, but a study of good material recently collected by Nelson and Goldman convinces me that while its relationship is evidently here it is clearly distinct. Terebinthus ovalifolia (Schlecht. ) Rose. Elaphrium ovalifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 248, 1843. Terebinthus palmeri (8. Wats.) Rose. Bursera palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 22: 402. 1886. Terebinthus pannosa (Engler) Rose. Bursera pannosa Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 54. 1883, Terebinthus penicillata (DC.) Rose. Waphrium penicillatum DC. Prod. 1: 724, 1824. Terebinthus pringlei (8. Wats.) Rose. Bursera pringlei 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 145, 1890. Terebinthus rhoifolia ( Benth.) Rose. Elaphrium rhoifolium Benth. Bot. Sulph. 11. pl. 7. 1844. Bursera hindseana rhoifolia Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4: 59. 1883, Elaphrium hindseanum Benth. op. cit. pl. 8. In 1844 Bentham described from the Bay of Magdalena two species of Bursera under the names Klaphrium rhoifoliun and 12. hindseanum differing, as he states, only in the number of leaflets, the former having 3 and the latter only 1. Dr. Engler in his Monograph of the Burseraceae has reduced rhoifolia to a variety of hindseana although the name rhoifolia has precedence by position. There appears to be no ground for maintaining both species and very little to support a subspecies. — Rhvifolia should therefore be the name of the species and hindseana should either be consigned to synonomy or taken up for a subspecies if there proves to be one. Mr. Brandegee, who has visited the type locality, states that the number of leaflets varies from 1 to 9 and he is therefore of the opinion that no variety should be retained, with which opinion [ am in accord. Terebinthus rubra Rose, sp. nov. Small trees or shrubs with smooth red trunks, the bark peeling off in broad sheets; young branches and leaves glabrous; leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, lanceolate, rounded at base, acuminate, serrate below, entire above, paler beneath, 4 em. long or less; flowers not seen, but inflorescence apparently open; fruiting peduncle 1 to 2 cm, long, bear- ing two to four fruits; fruit obovate, somewhat 3-angled. Only seen in southeastern Sinaloa in the foothills, where it seems to be common growing with 7. tenuifolia. Type U. 8. National Herbarium 300526, collected by J. N. Rose near Colomas, Sinaloa, July 14, 1897 (no. 1670). This species seems nearest 7. pringlei but has shorter petioles and peduncle and much broader leaflets, etc. 122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Terebinthus schaffneri (S. Wats.) Rose. Bursera schaffueri 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 469. 1887, Terebinthus schiedeana (Engler) Rose. Bursera schiedeana Engler in DC. Monog, Phan, 4:57. 1883. Terebinthus schlechtendalii (Hngler) Rose. Bursera schlechtendalii Engler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4:54. 1883. Terebinthus sessiliflora (Ingler) Rose. Burserc sessiliflora Kngler in DC. Monog. Phan. 4:55. 1883. Terebinthus simaruba (L.) W. I. Wight. Pistacia simaruba LL, Sp. Pl. 2: 1026. 1753. Terebinthus brownii Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18, 1760, Bursera gunmifera L, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 471. 1762. Terebinthus submoniliformis (Ingler) Rose. Bursera submoniliformis Engler in DC, Monog. Phan. 4: 55. 1883. Terebinthus subtrifoliata Rose, sp. nov. Low shrub, glabrous throughout; branches dark; leaves simple or trifoliate, cune- ate at base, rounded at apex, crenate, glabrous on both sides, 25 mm. or less long; flowers one to three in the axils of the leaves; pedicels short (2 to 3 mm. long) reflexed in fruit; fruit somewhat 3-angled, glabrous, 3 mm. long. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 501971, colleeted by J. N. Rose west of Bola- fos, Jalisco, September 17, 1897 (no. 3014). Resembling somewhat 7. rhoifolia in its variable leaflets, but they are not pubes- cent as in that species. Terebinthus tenuifolia Rose. Bursera tenuifolia Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895. TEREBINTAUS TOMENTOSA (Jacq.) W. F. Wight. Elaphrium tomentosum Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760. This is a South American species which may here be conveniently transferred. POLYGALACEAE. THREE NEW SPECIES OF POLYGALA. Polygala calcicola Rose, sp. noy. Piate XXXVI. Perennial, somewhat woody at base, much branched and diffuse, 10 em. or less high, with appressed cinereous pubescence; leaves all alternate, linear to oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long, acute, with appressed pubescence on both sides; flowers either solitary or 3 to 5 in a short raceme; 3 outer sepals lanceolate, acute, pubescent; wings oblan- ceolate, 5 mm. long, pubescent, cream-colored; fruit orbicular to shortly oblong, 8 to 8.5 mm. long, glabrous except on the margin. Type U. 8. National Herbarium 316730, collected by C. G. Pringle on limestone hills near Tehuaciin, Puebla, August 7, 1897 (no. 7477). Perhaps nearest 2. ovalifolia, but with the pubescence appressed and the sepals more persistent, etc. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXXVII.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; ¢, petals; d, petals, stamens, an@ pis- til; f, pistil; g, ovary; h and 7, two views.of seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to 7, scale 4. Polygala nelsoni Rose, sp. noy. Piate XXXVIII. Stems annual, 30 to 40 cm. high, simple below, somewhat branched above, glab- rous; upper leaves and probably lower ones all alternate, linear, 8 to 12 mm. long, glabrous and glandular, acute; inflorescence a short spike-like raceme; bracts cadu- cous; 3 outer sepals shortly oblong, obtuse; wings spatulate, reddish; upper petal crested; seeds with appendages at base, very hairy. PLATE XXXVII. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. POLYGALA CALCICOLA ROSE. A SSeS SS! — a —S=—"—=SS— > Contr. Nat. Herb,, Vol. X. PLATE XXXIX. GINA Rocc. PoLYGALA TUR 4153—yoL x, pr 3—06——6 PLATE XL. Contr, Nat. Herb,, Vol. X. ABUTILON DURANGENSE ROSE & YORK. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 123 Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 469216, collected by K. W. Nelson on road between Guichocovi and Lagunas, Oaxaca, June 29, 1895 (no. 2753). This species is related to P. paniculata and P. longicaulis. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXX VIII.—Fig, a, plant; b, leaf; ¢, calyx; d,sepals; ¢, sepals and petals; /, petals; g, petals and stamens; h, stamens; 7, two views of pistil; j, seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to j, scale 6. Polygala turgida Rose, sp. nov. PLuateE XXNIX. Perennial, prostrate, much branched, forming dense mats; stems terete, glabrous as are also the leaves and inflorescence; leaves all in whorls, apparently fleshy when alive, obovate, rounded at apex, sometimes mucronate, 15 to 25 mm. long; peduncles slender, weak, 2 to 6 cm. long; inflorescence a spike-like raceme, much elongated in fruit; pedicels short, subtended by small ovate searious bracts and bearing at their base two small triangular bractlets; 8 outer sepals ovate, scarious-margined; wings much larger than the outer sepals; upper petal crested; capsule glabrous, orbicular, bearing at base a cushion-like disk; seeds hairy, aril scarious, as long as the seed. Type U.S. National Herbarium no, 8215, collected by C. G. Pringle in alkaline meadows on the Hacienda de Angostura, San Luis Potosi, July 14, 1891 (no. 3792); also collected by Dr. EK. Palmer at Media Luna near Rio Verde, San Luis Potosf, June, 1904 (no. 84). Mr. Pringle’s specimen was sent out as a doubtful P. aparinvides, but that is a very different species. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX XIX,—Fig. a, plant; b and ¢, flower; d, petals and stamens; e, tw: views of pistil; f, capsule; y, seed. Fig. a, natural size; b to g, scale 6. MALVACEAE. ABUTILON, A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW NAME. Abutilon durangense Rose & York. PLATE XL, Perennial; stems woody, dark purple, branching, covered with short glandular hairs; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long; 4 to 7 em. wide, cordate at base (with a wide sinus), long-acuminate, finely dentate or crenate, or almost entire, the under surface pale in color, densely softly stellate-pubescent, the upper surface sparingly stellate with additional simple hairs, the veins purplish; petioles 2.5 to 4.5 em, long, with glandular pubescence; stipules small, linear, deciduous; inflorescence panicu- late, flowers axillary, solitary; peduncles 1.5 to 8 em. long, jointed near apex; calyx 10 mm. long in fruit, finely and densely stellate, the lobes broadly ovate, long- acuminate, equaling or slightly longer than the mature carpels; petals yellow, obo- vate, 15 to 18 mm. in length; stamen tube very short; carpels 9, shortly acuminate, about 11 mm. in length, 2 or 3-seeded; seeds puberulent. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 304839, collected near Durango City, by Dr. E. Palmer, 1896 (no. 587). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XL.—Fig. a, branch; 6, carpels. Fig. a, natural size; b, scale 2. Abutilon hemsleyana Rose. Abutilon sidoides Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Nov. 2: 24. 1879, not Dalz. & Gibs. 1861. TWO NEW SPECIES OF WISSADULA. Wissadula glandulosa Rose, sp. nov. Woody at base, the branches spreading or procumbent, very glandular; leaves broadly ovate, acute, cordate at base, stellate-pubescent, crenate, the petiole often longer than the blade; stipules filiform; fruiting calyx 12 to 14 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, acuminate; petals yellow, 15 to 16 mm. long; carpels 5, strongly mucronate, each 3-seeded. 124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 9809, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on the road between Higuerillas and San Pablo, Querétaro, August 24, 1905 (no. 9809). - Perhaps nearest W. pringlei, but leaves not acuminate, stem less pilose, plant more glandular, ete. Wissadula lozani Rose, sp. noy. Puate XLI. Branches terete, covered with stellate hairs; upper leaves oblong, 5 to 7 em. long, at most acute, truncate or slightly cordate at base, crenate; inflorescence paniculate; pedicels short (10 mm. or less long), stout; fruiting calyx 10 to 12 mm. long; sepals ovate, acute; petals vellow; carpels 5, each 3-seeded. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461976, collected by C. G. Pringle and F. Lozano at Hacienda El Carrizo near San Juan, Nuevo Leon (no. 13448). This species belongs to the Abutilastrum section of the genus and is not closely allied to any of the six other described species of this group. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLI.—Fig. a, plant; b, calyx; c, corolla; d, carpels; e, section through earpels. Fig. a, natural size; figs. b, ec, d and e, scale 2. HYPERICACEAE. FOUR NEW ST. JOHNSWORTS. Hypericum confusum Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, sending up a cluster of 3 to many herbaceous stems, 2.5 to 7.5 em. high, sometimes 4-angled, glabrous; leaves sessile, oblong, with a short obtuse-tipped apex, either shorter or longer than the internodes, light green above, hardly paler beneath, 4 to 12 mm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide; sepals somewhat unequal, 4 to 6 mm. long, acute; petals yellow; ovary shorter than the calyx; styles 3, somewhat elongated. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304028, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle in damp soil, Serrania de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, August 23, 1896 (no. 6440). This species must be near the South American I. brevistylum with which it has been confused, but it has a less spreading habit, larger leaves, calyx, and flowers, longer styles, ete. Hypericum diffusum Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, usually branching at base; stems ascending, 10 to 12 cm. high, some- what 4-angled; leaves lanceolate, acute, 10 to 16 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. broad, l-nerved, the margin somewhat scarious and slightly denticulate; flowers rather few; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, 5 to 6mm. long; petals yellow, longer than the sepals; stamens 9 to 15; capsule 1-celled, 6 to 7 mm. long; styles 3, distinct, each bearing a broad flat stigma. Collected by C. G. Pringle in meadows near Buena Vista Station, Hidalgo, 1904 (no. 8802). Hypericum simulans Rose, sp. noy. Perennial; stem herbaceous, usually single, erect, 20 to 50 em. high, glabrous; leaves oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse, with many black dots on under surface; flowers few; bracts obtuse and leaf-like; sepals broadly ovate, 5 to 7mm. long, obtuse, black-dotted; petals oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, yellow or becoming reddish, more or less black-dotted on the margin; styles 3; capsule 3-celled. Collected by C. G, Pringle, near Canales, Hidalgo, September, 1904 (no. 8993, type) and near Pachuca, Hidalgo, in 1903(?) (no. 6941); also in the latter locality by J.N. Rose, July 21 and 22, 1901 (no, 5572). PLATE XLI. Contr. Nat, Herb, Vol. X. WISSADULA LOZANI ROSE, PLATE XLII. ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 125 Hypericum submontanum Kose, sp. nov. Stem much branched at base and often so above, 10 to 20 em. high, only slightly angled; leaves decussate, lanceolate, obtuse, 10 to 12 mm. long, rather thin in tex- ture, I-nerved, with pellucid dots but never black ones; flowers very small; sepals linear, acute, 2 mm. or less long; petals 8 mm. or more long, drying reddish yellow; capsule 4 mm. long, 1-celled; styles 3, distinct, short, each capped by a broad flat stigma. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 304022, collected by C. G. Pringle in damp sandy meadows and lava fields on the Sierra de Ajusco, Distrito Federal, altitude 2,400 meters, October 3, 1896 (no. 6527); also collected by Mr. Pringle near the same locality, September 7, 1901 (no. 9357). This species was distributed as H. philonotis Schlecht. & Cham., from which, however, it must be very different. VIOLACEAE. A NEW CALCEOLARIA. Calceolaria humilis Rose & Dowell, sp. nov. Piate XLII. Perennial, stem herbaceous, branching from the woody base, 10 to 20 em. high, branches decumbent or ascending, pubescent in two lines; leaves opposite, short- petioled, 1 to 3em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, orbicular to ovate, acute or obtuse, glabrous, crenate-serrate, the blade decurrent on the ciliate petiole, this about 2 mm. long; stipules subulate to lanceolate and foliaceous, 4 to 8 mm, long, glabrous; flowers violaceous, nodding on slender, one-flowered, solitary, axillary peduncles; peduncles puberulent, 6to 8 mm. long, the bracts opposite near the articulation; sepals lanceo- late, acuminate, 3-nerved, glabrous, 4mm. long; lip orbicular, slightly longer than its claw, 4 to 5 mm. long, the claw broadly winged, 5-nerved; lower stamens puberu- lent on the lower part of the connective above the gland-like appendages; capsule ovoid-globose, with a blunt beak, glabrous. Collected by C. G. Pringle on lava fields near Tizapan, Valley of Mexico, altitude 2,300 meters, July 30, 1901 (no. 9653). EXPLANATION OF PLATE XLII.—Fig. a, plant; b, sepals; ¢, petals; d, two views of stamens. Fig. a, seale 4; b and ¢c natural size; d, scale about 2. CACTACEAE. ESCONTRIA, A NEW GENUS. Escontria Rose, gen. noy. Flowers small, tubular; ovary globular, covered with imbricating chartaceous, translucent, persistent scales, without spines or hairs; tube of flower narrow, also bearing scales like those of the ovary; petals erect, narrow, yellow; stamens and stipe included; fruit globular, scaly, purple, fleshy, edible; seeds black. Tree, very much branched; ribs of stems few. This genus is segregated from Cereus on account of its small tubular flowers and sealy fruit. So far as iam aware the species upon which it is founded has no near relatives among the many described species of Cereus. Mr. G. N. Collins has photo- graphed fruit of this or a closely related species at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This genus is named for the late Sefior Don Blas Escontria, who was Ministro de Fomento of Mexico at the time of his death, which occurred in January of this year. Sefior Escontrfa was a man of high scientific attainments and took a great interest in all subjects relating to the scientific development of his country. 126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose. Prare XLII. Cereus chiotilla Weber; Schumann, Ges. Kakteen 83. 1899. From 4 to 7 meters high; trunk very short; branches very numerous, forming a very compact head, weak and easily broken, bright green, not at all glaucous; ribs 7 or 8, acute; areoles closely set, often running together, elliptical; radial spines 10 to 15, rather short, often reflexed; centrals several, one much longer, somewhat flat- tened, sometimes 7 cm. long, all light-colored; flowers borne near the ends of the branches, small, including the ovary about 3 cm. long; petals nearly erect, yellow; ovary and calyx tube covered with overlapping ovate, cartilaginous scales but with- out wool, spines, or hairs; fruit glabrous, about 5 cm. in diameter, edible, scaly. The fruit is sold in the market at Tehuacdin under the name of ‘‘geotilla’’ or ‘‘chiotilla’’ and as ‘‘tuna.’’ Very common at Tehuacan and Tomellin. Specimens examined: Puebla: Near Tehuacin, Rose & Painter, August 31, 1905 (no. 9939); Oaxaca: Near Tomellin, Rose & Hough, June 23, 1899 (no. 4663); Rose & Painter, September 4, 1905 (no, 10107). NEW SPECIES OF OPUNTIA AND ECHINOCACTUS. Opuntia megarrhiza Rose, sp. nov. Roots long (30 to 60 em.) and very thick (5 to 6 em. in diameter); stems low (20 to 30 cm. high), much branched at base; lower joints elongated, 20 to 30 em. long, thin and pliable; lateral joints appearing along the margins of the older joints and often if not generally in the same plane; sepals small, ovate, reddish or rose-colored, acute and even apiculate; petals about 15, pale lemon or even rose-colored, 2 em. long, obovate, mucronate-tipped; stamens short, numerous, erect; stvle longer than the stamens; stigmas about 7, greenish; ovary clavate, 3 em. long, the areoles numer- ous, generally spineless but very woolly; umbilicus deep and broad; mature fruit not seen. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 570115, collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Alvarez, San Luis Potos{f, May, 1905 (no. 607), Echinocactus grandis Rose, sp. nov. Cactus body 1 to 2 meters high, 60 to 100 em. in diameter; ribs numerous (exact number not recorded), rather high, not undulate, bearing many closely set groups of spines; no distinct areole, but a continuous broad groove filled with felt-like hair in which are set the spines; radial spines 5 or 6 (10 specimens examined), about equal, 3 to 4 em. long, straight and stiff, erect or slightly spreading; one very distinct central spine stouter and longer (4 to 5 cm. long) than the radial ones, distinctly banded as are some of the radial ones; all of the spines at first yellow, but the old ones becoming reddish brown; tops of flowering plants covered with dense white wool; flowers, including ovary, 4 to 5 cm. long, yellow; sepals lanceolate, tipped with a long mucro (almost spinescent), the margin more or less serrulate; petals somewhat similar but broader, obtuse at the apex and with a weaker mucro; fruit 5 to 6 cm. long, densely covered with long downy wool, tipped by the persistent flower, dry, many-seeded, the bracts few and spinescent; seeds blackish, smooth, shining. Very common on the limestone hills near Tehuacdn, Puebla. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 461288, collected by C. G. Pringle in 1900 (no. 6696). Also collected by J. N. Rose, August 2, 1903 (no. 5953). It is remarkable that this species has not heretofore been characterized, for it surely must have been frequently observed by collectors and travelers. It has probably been mistaken for some of the other large species such as FE. ingens, FP. visnaga, and FE. grusonii, which, while they resemble it in a general way, still have very distinct characters. VITMLOIHS VIHNLNOOSA—'Y ‘3SOY | 439d3M) ‘YSESM SNIVHdSOOYOVW SNAYSOO1WHdAD—' PLATE XLII. ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 127 Echinocactus pringlei (Coulter) Rose. Schinocactus pilosus pringlei Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 365, 1896. This species is very distinct from the true £. pilosus. Both are under cultivation in Washington. APIACEAE. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. In 1905 was published a supplement “ to Coulter and Rose’s Synopsis of the Mexican and Central American Umbelliferae. During the past year so many new species have been found and so much interesting material has come to hand that it seems best to publish the notes and descriptions. ARRACACIA, NEW AND OLD SPECIES. Arracacia aegopodioides Coulter & Rose. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in oak woods between Pachuc: and Real del Monte, Hidalgo, July 19, 1905 (no. 8671); on Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, July 20, 1905 (no. 8853); between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9201). Arracacia fruticosa Rose, sp. nov. A meter or more high, the stem woody, at least often so, the herbaceous parts purplish and more or less glaucous, glabrous; basal and lower stem leaves ternately decompound, 30 to 40 em. long, the ultimate segments small, ovate to lanceolate, sharply toothed or more or less cleft, glabrous; upper stem leaves much reduced; inflorescence much compounded, the rays often forming umbel-like clusters and these sometimes again compounded; rays 15 cm, or less long; involucre bracts and involucel bractlets wanting; but the top and base of the rays granulate; rays numer- ous, about equal, 3 to 4 em. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; flowers deep purple; fruit 10 mm. long, smooth; carpels strongly 5-angled; seed deeply concave on the face; middle interval containing a single oil tube, the lateral intervals sometimes with two; carpophores broad and thin; stylopodia small but conical. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453625, collected by J. N. Rose and J. H. Painter near the base of the red hills east of Tehuacdin, Puebla, September 6, 1905 (no. 10125). In habit and especially in its frutescent stem this species resembles the genus Coulterophytum, but it has the fruit of a true A rracacia. Arracacia multifida 8. Wats. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, near Tulancingo, Hidalgo, July 22, 1905 (no. 8834); on limestone hillside near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, July 29, 1905 (no. 9048). Arracacia tenuifolia Rose, sp. nov. Stems 25 to 35 em. tall, glabrous throughout, somewhat branched above, naked below; basal leaves large, ternately decompounded into linear, elongated, entire segments; peduncles slender, 8 to 10 cm. long; rays few (38 to 10), stout, 1 to 1.5 em, long; involucel bractlets several, minute, shorter than the pedicels; pedicels short, 1to1.5 mm. long; fruit ovate, 4 mm. long; stylopodia slender-conical. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 453208, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter on a ledge of a high cliff near Cadereyta, Querétaro, August, 1905 (no. 9719). This species is near A. multifida, but has smaller and differently shaped fruit, etc. @ Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 331. 1905. 128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DEANEA, NEW AND OLD SPECIES. Deanea arguta Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, 50 to 60 em. high, glabrous, slightly glaucous; basal leaves 2 or 3 times ternate; petioles slender; leaflets ovate, small, sharply serrate, the terminal ones more elongated, more or less cleft, glabrous except the roughened veins and margin; stem leaves much reduced; peduncle sometimes nearly 20 em. long, occasionally sub- sessile, not very stout; rays numerous, about equal, 2 to 4 em. long; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; involucre wanting; involucel bractlets few, linear, a little longer than the pedicels; fruit oblong, 7 mm, long, rounded at each end; wings about half as broad as body; oil tubes in intervals 3 or 4; stylopodium low-conical; seed face deeply concave. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 397662, collected by Dr: KE. Palmer at Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, September 5 to 10, 1902 (no. 114). Deanea longipes Rose, sp. nov. Perennial, 80 to 120 cm, high, simple below, glabrous; basal leaves much dissected, glabrous; ultimate segments lanceolate, acuminate, doubly serrate, or cleft and ser- rate; stem Icaves much smaller, especially the uppermost ones; stipular sheath enlarged; inflorescence somewhat variable, the umbels either sessile or on slender peduncles 15 cm. long; involucral bracts 1 to several, leaflike, more or less toothed or cleft; involucel bractlets linear, entire, much shorter than the pedicels; rays 5 to 6 em. long; pedicels 9 to 12 mm, long; flowers purplish; fruit glabrous, oblong, 8 mm. long; seeds concave on the face; stylopodia conical. Collected by C. G. Pringle, at Trinidad, Puebla, August 5, 21, 1905 (no. 13496). Deanea pringlei Rose, sp. nov. Rootstock thick and tuberous; stems about one meter high, purplish, glaucous, glabrous or slightly roughened above; basal leaves twice pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, doubly crenate, nearly glabrous above, somewhat scabrous on the margin and veins; peduncles slender; rays few, 3 to 5 cm. long, puberulent; pedicels 2 to 38 mm. long; involnere of a single bract or wanting; involucels small, linear; stylopodia conical; fruit 8 mm. long, oblong, glabrous; oil tubes several in the intervals. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no, 396308, collected by C. G. Pringle on hills near Contadero, Tlaxcala, altitude 2,550 meters, August 27, 1901 (no. 8601). Resembling D, arguta, but with differently shaped leaves, ete, Deanea purpurea Rose, sp. nov. Rootstock thick; stems 20 to 30 em. high, green or if purplish dull, not at all glaucous, with short rough pubescence throughout; basal leaves twice or thrice ternate; peduncle roughish-pubescent; leaflets ovate, simply crenate, roughish- pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles slender; rays 9 or less, 2 to 4.em. long; pedi- cels 2 to 3 min. long; involucre wanting; involucel bractlets several, linear, longer than the pedicels; stylopodia low, conical; fruit 8 mm. long, oblong, glabrous; oil tubes several in the intervals. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 453753, collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9212); also collected by C. G,. Pringle at Hacienda de Cuyamaloya, Hidalgo, August 2, 1904 (no. 449). This species is nearest D. pringlei, from which it differs in its rougher and not at all glaucous flowers, more pubescent leaves, ete. Deanea (?) tolucensis (H. B. K.) Rose. Feria tolucensis WH. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 12. pl. 418. 1821. Peucedanum tolucense Hemsley, Biol. Centr. Am. 1: 570, 1881. This species, so long a desideratum in all our herbaria, has been frequently col- lected of late years and from several of the high mountains of central Mexico. An ROSE—MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 129 examination of mature fruit shows clearly that it does not belong to the true Peuce- danum of the Old World or to the recently segregated genus Lomatium. The following specimens are in the National Herbarium: Jalisco: Volcano de Colima, M. E. Jones, 1895 (no, 259), Mexico: Nevado de Toluca, C. G. Pringle, 1892 (no. 4233); also Rose & Painter, 1903 (no. 7960); Sierra de las Crucis, C. G. Pringle, 1903 (no. 5953). Hidalgo: Sierra de Pachuca, C. G. Pringle, 1902 (no, 9816); also Rose & Hay, 1901 (no, 5596). Puebla: Mount Orizaba, H. EK. Seaton, 1891 (no, 118); also Rose & Hay, 1901 (no, 5717), Deanea tuberosa Coult. & Rose. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, near El Salto, Hidalgo, September 16, 1903 (no. 7064); also in barranea of Rio Aqueducto, near Santa Fé, Valley of Mexico, July 15, 1905 (no. 8618). ERYNGIUM, NEW AND OLD SPECIES. Eryngium altamiranoi Hemsley & Rose, sp. nov. Stems erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple below, much-branched above; basa: leaves deeply cleft, the edge with a white cartilaginous margin extending beyond the teeth into long white setae; upper stem and floral leaves sessile, deeply parted; heads short-peduncled, rarely 2 cm. long, ovoid, 10 cm. long; bracts few, ovate, pungent, entire or bearing one or even two teeth on each side, the margin white and the inner face cartilaginous and white, usually erect, inclosing the heads; bractlets linear, pungent, somewhat longer than the sepals; sepals ovate, thin, mucronate-tipped; fruit papillose, the papillae usually obtuse. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 253003, collected by F. Altamirano, October, 1891 (no. 20). Common on the plains near Guadalajara. Specimens examined: Jalisco: C. G. Pringle, 1902 (no. 9814), and 1903 (no. 11462); Dr. E. Palmer, 1886 (no. 458); Rose & Painter, 1903 (no, 7338); IF. Altamirano, 1891 (no. 20). Eryngium carlinae Delar. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near Tultenango, Mexico, October 15, 1903 (no. 7823); also between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9220). Eryngium comosum Delar. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter near El Salto, Hidalgo, September 16, 1903 (no. 7097); also on rocky banks of streams near San Angel, Valley of Mexico, August 15, 1905 (no. 9492). Eryngium confusum Hemsley & Rose, sp. noy. Stems from a slender spindle-shaped root, 20 to 45 cm. high, naked below, with scattered branches above and an umbel of usually 6 branches, glabrous; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, deeply toothed or cleft, rarely doubly cleft; lower stem leaves somewhat similar; upper stem leaves short, deeply cleft into nar- row spinescent entire or toothed lobes; heads short-peduncled (2 to 5 cm. long); involucre bracts narrow, entire or with a tooth on each side, ending in a strong spinescent tip, longer than the heads, ascending; heads ovoid, 10 to 12 mm. long; bractlets small, a little longer than the calyx teeth, except the central ones, these much elongated, resembling the bracts; sepals broadly ovate, keeled on the back, and strongly mucronate at tip, bluish-tinged; fruit covered with white acuminate- pointed scales. 130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Specimens examined: Oaxaca: On mountains northeast of Valley of Oaxaca, KE. W. Nelson, October 3, 1904 (no. 1565, type); hills at Las Sedas, C. G. Pringle, August 16, 1894; also 1897 (no, 6710), This species has been confused with E. comosum, E. carlinae, BE. beecheyanum, and HE. wright. It has fruit similar to /. comosum, but different leaves, heads, and bracts. It differs from the other three species in various ways, but especially in the acuminate fruit scales. Eryngium leptopodum Hemsley? Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no, 9191). Eryngium monocephalum Cav. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter in oak woods between Pachuea and Real del Monte, Hidalgo, July 19, 1905 (no. 8692). Eryngium serratum Cav. Yollected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter at Hacienda Ciervo, between San Juan dei Rio and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August 20, 1905 (10. 9684); on rocky banks of stream near San Angel, Valley of Mexico, August 15, 1905 (no. 9491); between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9228). Eryngium sp. | Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Hidalgo, August 5, 1905 (no. 9190). PRIONOSCIADIUM, NEW AND OLD SPECIES. Prionosciadium diversifolium Rose. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in Caton de la Mano Negra, near Iguala, Guerrero, August 11, 1905 (no. 9336). Prionosciadium nelsoni Coult. & Rose, Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, in barranca near Cuernavaca, More- los, September 12 and 18, 1905 (no. 10209), Prionosciadium palmeri Rose, sp. nov. Perennials from deep-seated roots; stem stout, about 2 meters high, much branched; basal leaves very large, twice ternate, then pinnately parted or lobed; main rachis and secondary branches not at all winged; leaf segments rather large, more or less confluent, cuneate at base, obtuse, more or less scabrous on the veins, especially below; primary and secondary peduncles umbellate; umbel proper many-rayed; rays stout, about 3 cm. long; pedicels 2 to 8mm. long, involucre wanting; invol- ucel bractlets minute; fruit oblong, 12 mm. long, glabrous, wings about as broad as body; oil tubes about 3 in the intervals. Type U. S. National Herbarium no. 397608, collected by Dr. E. Palmer near Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, September 5, 1902 (no. 60). Perhaps nearest P. pringlei, but it is apparently a stouter plant, and has more strongly toothed leaves, glabrous fruit, ete. Prionosciadium palustre Rose. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on pedregal near Yautepec, Morelos, July 12 and 18, 1905 (no. 8563. ) Prionosciadium watsoni Coult. & Rose. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on limestone hillside near Ixmiquil- pan, Hidalgo, July 7, 1905 (no. 8964); Hacienda Ciervo, between San Juan del Rio and Cadereyta, Querétaro, August 20, 1905 (no. 9640). ROSE—-MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS. 131 SPECIES OF SEVERAL GENERA. Apium ammi Urban. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on mountain side, Hacienda de la Enearnacién, Mexico, July 7, 1905 (no. 8467). Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Collected by Dr. FE. Palmer, near San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi, June, 1905 (no. 625). This is the first time the genus has been reported from Mexico, although its oecur- rence there is not a surprise. It will doubtless be found in many places along the eastern coast. Coaxana ebracteata Rose. Oaxacana ebracteata Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 337. 1905, by error. Stems tall, 60 em. or more high, erect, glabrous; upper leaves twice ternate; leaflet ovate, acute, more or less cleft and sharply serrate; petioles wanting, the stipular bases of the leaves much enlarged and scarious; peduncles short, 7 to 8 cm. long; rays numerous, spreading, 3 to4 em. long; involuere and involucel bractlets wanting; flowers purplish, the sterile ones on slender pedicels, the fruiting ones very short or subsessile. Collected by C. and E. Seler between Hurtztan and Oxchuc, Chiapas, March 11, 1906 (no, 2148). Hydrocotyle sp. - Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on river bank near Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, July 29, 1905 (no. 9082). Hydrocotyle sp. Collected by J. N. Rose and Jos. H. Painter, on river bank in alluvial soil near Tomellin, Oaxaca, September 4, 5, 1905 (no. 10053). Lomatium dasycarpum (Torr. & Gr.) Coult. & Rose. Collected by KE. A. Goldman in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia, July 15, 1905 (no. 1138). This is new to the Mexican Flora. Sphaenosciadium eryngiifolium ((rreene ) Coult. & Rose. Collected by E. A. Goldman in the San Pedro Martir Mountains, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico, 1905 (no. 1230). This is new to the Mexican Flora. ADDENDA. A NEW IONOXALIS. Ionoxalis stolonifera Rose, sp. nov.” A very delicate plant producing long, slender, branching stolons; bulbs small for the genus (4 to 5 mm. in diameter), growing in damp moss on perpendicular cliffs; bulb scales thin, black, 3-nerved; leaflets 3,5 to 18 mui, long, wedge-shaped, the apex strongly notched and the lobes usually very unequal; peduncles slender, usually longer than the petioles, solitary or few-flowered; sepals 2 mm. long; petals violet-purplish, 12 mm. long. «This remarkable species, inserted while the paper is in proof, is the only one herein published based on the collections of 1906. 132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type U.S, National Herbarium no. 461983, collected by Dr. C. G. Pringle on Sierra de Tepoxtlan, September 3, 1906 (no. 13768); previously collected by J.N. Rose at same station (August 7, 1906, no, 11127). This is a very peculiar species, differing from all others which I have ever seen in being stoloniferous. The leaflets are also peculiar in having the apex oblique, one lobe usually being much longer than the other. INDEX OF GENERA. [Synonyms in /fadies.] 4153—VOL X, PT 3—06——T Page ADUtIION Lo... eee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 123 Alchemilla ............... 000225022200 -0005- 96 a 119 Antherieum 0.0. ....0. 02200 eee eee eee eee 93 Apiaceae 2.2.2.2... 0.022222 e eee cee eee eee 127 ADPIUM........0.202. 02220222 181 Apodanthes .........--....---- beeen eer eeee 86 AITACACIA ....22-.20 2020202 e eee eee eee eee 127 Balsameaceae ...........0.---------------+- 17 Bauhinia ..........2.....0 222.020 e eee eee eee 97 Beaucarmea oo... 2.22. eee eee eee eee 87-89 Benthamantha..........0 2... eee eee eee eee 99 Biophytum...............------2--22----0-- 116 BritlONQMrd . 20. ee eee 99 BUPSOVQ 2.0.2 e ee eee ee eee 118-122 Burseria.... 0.0.2.2 eee eee eee eee 118 Oactaceae 22... ...... 022.222 eee ee eee eee 125 species observed in the field. .........-. 82-85 Cqesdlpinid oo. eee eee eee eee 98 Caesalpininceae ............--...--2-222 22 -- 97 Caleeolaria ................222-02222 0022 e eee 125 Calibanus ...........2000222 2 eee e ee eee 87, 90 Cassia .....2.222-2 2202 eee ee eee eee 97-98 Castalia .........2222 22022 --2-ecee eeeeee 938-95 Centella .......... 2.002200 2.000 eee ee eee eee 131 Cephalocereus macrocephalus...........--- 83 senilis ............222222-220 000-2 e eee eee 83 tree species. 2.2.2.2... ce eee eee ee eee eee 83 COT€US 2.20002 eee ce eee eee 126 Cereus hollianus. ...-..........---2-.-2.---+--- 83 stellatus ......2-.22....---22..-2-----2--- 83 pecten-aboriginum ...........--..-.-+-- s4 weberi.........--2-0----2500 0222 eee eee ee S4 Chiotilla.............-....-----.------------ S41 Clematis............0-.---5-------020020000-5- OF Coaxanad... 222.2222. 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee 131 Cologania ........2..2-2-2-022020 022 ee eee 100 CTOCOCHL . occ ee ne ee eee eee v9 Daled . 2... ee ce ee eee 103-107 Dasylirion .............-.----------+-----+-- 87,89 | nartwegi .......--.22.---20----2-------- 85 hookeri.........-.-..----------+-++++--5- 85, 87 quadrangulatum ...........-----+--0+5- 85, 86 Dasylirion ....2...0 0220002 ee eee eee eee &S, 90 © DasylirVUm. 2.200. ee ee eee eee eee 91 Deanea ........2..---02222 2022 eee eee eee 128-129 Fage Dolicholus...........- pee oe teen eeeeee 100-102 Echeandia........... ae eeeeeeee eee cece ee eee 93 Echinoecactus........ 2.2.02 eee eee eee eee 126-127 flaveSC@NS. ....... 02-22 eee eee eee eee 8&3 grusonli .....00... 2202 eee eee eee 84 INGENS .. ee ee eee eee eee 83, 84 OTMAtUS .. 2. Lee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 84 TODUStUS . 2.22.22. 2 eee eee eee eee eee eee &3 turbiniformis...............------------ 84 FUQpRVium oo... cece ce eee eee eeee 118-121 Eryngium .........-....2. 0-222. 2--e ese eee 129-130 Eseontria.. 2.2.2... 222.2 125-126 chiotilla.... 000.2200. 0-2 eee eee eee eee eee 83 Fouquieria campanulata ........-.-2------- 85 fasciculata. ..... 02.0.2. eee eee eee ee 84 fOrmoSa.... 2.2 --2.02 22-22 ee eee &5 macdougalii............00..2..222------ 85 peninsularis .......-....-.-....0-0-eee eee gH SPINOS 2.2002 84 Galactia oo... 0... eee ee eee eee ee 102 Galactia . 0.0.0.2. eee eee 102, 103 Geotilla ............-2----0-0 0222 &4 Geraniaceare .. 020.2. .eee ee eeeee 108 Geranium .....--......22-- 20-22-2222 222s 108-109 GLYCINE cee oe eee eee eee 101 Hofimanseggia .....22.2.. 2222220222 e eee eee 98 Hydrocotyle. ........-..--.-2-2---- 2220 ee eee 131 Hypericaceane.. 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 124 Hypericum ........----.. 0-2... 222-2 ee eee 124-125 Tonoxalis ..........222-50-.-. 02200022 eee 109-115, 131 Kramerin.........-----2 eee Lee eeeeeeeeee 107-108 Kramerincede 2.2.2.2... 22222 e eee eee eee ee 107 Linaceae ..........--2 2. eee ee eee eee eee ee 117 Linum... oe ee eee ee eee eee eee ee eens 117 Lomatium . 22.22.22... ee ee eee eee ee eee eee 131 Lotoxalis 0.02222... e eee eee eee eee eee eee 115-116 Malvacene@.... 00.0022 eee eee eee eee ee eee 123 Mamillaria angularis...............22--..-- 83 CIUV c ccc cee eee cee ee eee eee eee 84 Mexican plants introduced by J. N. Rose... &1-82 Mimosacede ......22...2 00222 eee e ee eee eee 96 Nolima. sl... 2. eee eee ee eee cee ee eee 87, 91-92 NYMpPNhed oo... 2 eee ee cee eee eee eee 938-95 Nymphaeacede... 2.2.2.0... 0. eee eee eee eee 98 OALACOND. 0. ce ce eee eee eee 131 Odonia 2.2.0.2... eee eee eee cee eee e eee 102-103 x INDEX. Page, Page. Opuntia 2.2.2.2... ee ee eee eee 126 | Potentilla .....0 00... e eee cece eee eens 95 imbricata. ...............--..- cee eeeeeee 83 | Prionosciadium ................-----2.260-- 180 kleinae .. 0.0... ee eee eee ee eee 83 | Ranunculaceae...........-......22... 222 -e 95 microdasys ......-2.2....0.-2.2000 00002 83 | RhYNCHOSIO 2.0 ee ee eee eee 100-102 tunicata . 22.22... eee eee eee ee eee eee 83 | Rosaceae -...... 2.222.020 0c ee cece eee 95 Oxalidaceae............ ween e cece e eee eee 109 | Rose, J. N., Mexican journey of 1905....... 79-81 Oxalis 2.0.2... eee ee eee eee 109 | Rose, J. N., Mexican plants introduced.... 81,82 OWAS oe eee ee 110-116 | Sphaenosciadium ..........-2-2.2.00200000- 131 Parosela .........20.20- 202020200 e eee eee eee 103-107 | Sphinetospermum..................222-0005 107 Pelecyphora pusilla ................2......- 84.) St. John’swort.................00.2.02 0 eee 124-125 Pilocereus chrysomallus. .................. 83} Terebinthus...........2....22222..22----- 117-122 fulviceps .......2.....2220 002222202 eee 88 | Toddavaddi.. 2.2.2.0... cece ccc cee eee 116 tree specCieS.....2.... 0.2.0. eee eee eee eee 8B | Tuna .... 20... eee eee eee ete ee eee ee eee eeee 85 Pilostyles.... 2.2... eee cee eee eee 86 | Viciaceae......2..... 222 eee eee eee eee eee 99 Pithecolobium ................--2..--2200-- 96 Violacene@... 2.2.2... cece eee e cece eee eees 125 PUSLACIOD. 00 ce cece ee cece renee ees 17,122 | Waterlilies, the Mexican ..............22.... 93-95 Polygala.... 2... cece eee ee eee eee eee 122-123 | Wissadula ..... 2.2... e cece cee e ence eee neces 123 Polygalaceae 2.0.0.0... 02.2 e eee eee eee eee 122 | ma iv) 560.7 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE Uvrep STATES NATIONAL HERBARIOM VOLUME X, PART 4 THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO By J. PERKINS WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE | 1907 aansonian Insti; AN Mo, . glk ys } \0 )/ Nay} \8. \99 / SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X, PART 4° THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO By J. PERKINS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM: ISSUED JUNE 10, 1907. II PREFACE, In 1901 and 1902 Miss Janet Russell Perkins, Ph. D., under an appointment as scientific aid in the United States Department of Agriculture, was engaged at Berlin in a revision of the Leguminosae of Porto Rico. The revision was based upon a study of collections and literature, unaccompanied by field work in the island. It was originally intended to publish the results of this work conjointly with an account of the agricultural relations of the leguminous plants of that island, but as it proved to be necessary to postpone the prepa- ration of this latter paper for more detailed investigation Miss Per- kins’s paper is now presented separately for publication. This paper differs in several respects from the systematic treatment of leguminous plants presented in other numbers of these Contribu- tions, and such differences must be taken only as an expression of the views of the author. FreEDERICK V. CoviLiE, Curator of the United States National Herbarvum. Ill CONTENTS. Introduction..............2-----.222-------------+++5- cote e eee c eee ee eeee Svnopsis of the genera..............-0.2.-0000--0 5-2-2 eee crete eee eee eee eee Descriptions of the genera and species...........------++- 22202 eee eee eee eee v Page. 133 134 140 THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. By J. PERKINS. INTRODUCTION. During the preparation of the following paper on the Leguminosae of Porto Rico the writer has been impressed with the small number of endemic plants. Of the 67 genera and 141 species only 1 genus (Stahlia) and 8 species (Cynometra portoricensis, Cassia stahlir, Cassva portoricensis, Sabinea punicea (introduced into Cuba according to Gund- lach), Aesehynomene portoricensis, Lonchocarpus glaucifolius, Rudolphia volubilis, Schrankia portoricensis) are peculiar to the island. With respect to distribution, the genera that appear in Porto Rico may be divided into four classes—those which occur in Porto Rico alone; those found also in several or many of the other Antilles; those that appear.in Mexico, the Antilles, and South America; and, lastly, the cosmopolitans. In the third and fourth classes there are many genera, While the number in the first and second is comparatively small. Very many of the valuable economic leguminous plants are found on the island. Among the most important are: Indigofera suffruticosa (indigo), Haematorylon campecheanum (logwood, campechy wood), Pterocarpus officinalis (kino, American dragon’s blood), Dolichos lablab (seeds and pods), Vigna unguiculata (pods, seeds, and fiber), Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus lunatus, Cajanus indicus (seeds and young pods), Pachyrhizus erosus (tuberous root), Arachis hypogaea (oil and seeds), Abrus precatorius (red seeds used as ornaments, extremely poisonous), Adenanthera pavonina (red seeds (condori) used as ornaments, eaten cooked with rice), Albizzia lebbek (wood, gum, tanbark), Calliandra portoricensis (gum, “‘copaltic’’), Hymenaea courbaril (gum, ‘ Ameri- ean copal,”” wood), Stahklia monosperma (fine wood), Tamarindus indica (fruit, pulp), Acacia farnesiana (fragrant flowers, falsely known as ‘Cassia flowers,” used in perfumery, roots and pods used for dyeing black and tanning), Clitoria ternatea, Sesbania grandiflora, Poinciana regia, Cassia fistula, Cassia grandis, Bauhinia kappleri, Caesalpinia gilliesii, Caesalpinia pulcherrima (ornamental plants). Inga vera, Ery- thrint micropteryx, Pithecolobium saman, and others are used in shad- ing coffee and cacao. 133 1384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. A goodly number of tropical weeds are also represented here, some being cosmopolitan, others occurring only in America. Such are Mimosa pudica, Desmodium barbatum, D. triflorum (cosmopolitan), D. ascendens, D. axillare, D. supinum, D. spirale, Cassia tora (cosmo- politan), C. diphylla. The economic facts and the vernacular names contained in the notes have been obtained from Watt,¢ Urban,? Cook and Collins, and many other reliable sources. In connection with the descriptions ref- erence has been made to Cook and Collins, Economic Plants of Porto Rico,” whenever those authors mention a species, give a plate, or use a name not adopted in this paper. A large number of the species described have been examined in the herbarium of the Royal Botan- ical Museum in Berlin, especially valuable being the duplicates of Sin- tenis, Schwanecke, and Bertero. From the herbarium material, from the great English floras, and from Bentham’s classical monographs has been derived much information in regard to geographical distribu- tion. It has undoubtedly been of service in preparing this paper that in various trips in the Tropics an opportunity has been given the writer of seeing, in a living condition, a large number of the plants described. The nomenclature generally followed has been that of Urban, although at times the Kew Index names have been used. Since the appearance of Urban’s Flora Portoricensis? it has been necessary to interpolate several new forms and names and to reduce to synonymy a number of Bello’s species. Likewise the lists of localities have been supplemented, as the material contained in the Berlin Herbarium was not so complete as that of the West Indian Herbarium of Professor Urban. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Flowers regular; petals valvate in the bud. MIMOSOIDEAE. Stamens indefinite, but at least more than 10. Stamens consolidated at the base or united and forming a tube; in several genera more than a single carpel. (INGEAE.) Leaves pinnate; style 1. 1. Inga (p. 140). Leaves bipinnate (pinnae sometimes 1- jugate bearing | to 3 leaflets); style 1. Legume thick, compressed, coria- ceous or somewhat fleshy, invo- lute, curved, or almost straight, in- dehiscent or dehiscent. with con- torted valves, sometimes separat- ing into 1-seeded joints. 2. Pithecolobium (p. 141). aWatt, George, A dictionary of the economic products of India, 1885-1893. bSymbolae Antillanae, volume 4, pp. 262 to 312, 1905. ¢Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 8, pages 57 to 269, 1903. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 185 Legume flat, thin, indehiscent, or dehiscent with valves that are not contorted. 3. Albizzia (p. 142). Legume straight or slightly curved; valves separating elastically longi- tudinally from apex to base. 4. Calliandra (p.148 ). Stamens free, the inner ones sometimes united, forming a very short ring; carpel always 1. (ACACIEAE.) 5, Acacia (p. 144). Stamens (as many as or) twice as many as petals. . Anthers eglandular. (HM UMIMOSEAE.) Valves of the legume separating from the persistent sutural replum. Legume flatly compressed. 8. Mimosa (p. 147). Legume subquadrangular. 7. Schrankia (p. 146). Valves of the legume adhering to the sutural replum. Legume narrowly linear; seeds longi- tudinal or oblique. 9. Desmanthus (p. 148). Legume broadly linear; seeds trans- verse. 6. Leucaena (p. 146). Anthers in the bud bearing a sessile or more often stipitate gland, which usually has disappeared at the time of flowering. Seeds with endosperm. (ADENANTHE- REAE.) Flowers capitate. 10. Neptunra (p. 148). Flowers spicate or racemose. 11. Adenanthera (p. 149). Seeds without endosperm. (PIprapE- NIEAE.) Flowers in globose heads (in the Porto Rican species) or in spikes; legume flat, 2-valved, valves con- tinuous, entire. 12. Piptadenia (p. 150). Flowers in spikes; legume straight or arcuate, sometimes of enormous size, woody, coriaceous, or papery; sutures more or less thickened, persisting after the separation of the 1-seeded articulations as a re- plum. 13. Entada (p. 150). Flowers zygomorphic, not papilionaceous; petals im- bricate in the bud, the posterior one included in estivation. CAESALPINIOIDEAE. Leaves abruptly pinnate; calyx lobes free to the disk; petals 0, 1, or 5; ovules 1 to4. (CYNOME- TREAE.) Leaves without black glandular dots; petals on the outside levigate; stamens usually glabrous. 14. Cynometra (p. 151). Leaves on the under surface with black glands; petals on the outside verrucose; stamens lanate-pilose. 15. Stahlia (p. 151). 136 Leaves simply pinnate, occasionally 2-foliolate; calyx-lobes free to the disk, or perianth reduced to scale or obsolete. (AMHERSTIEAE.) Leaflets 1-jugate. Leaflets many-jugate. Leaves simple, or 2-foliolate with more or less con- nate leaflets. (BAUHINIEAE. ) Leaves simply pinnate; sepals 5, distinct or calyx lobes free to the disk; petals 5 or fewer or none; stamens 2 to 10, anthers basifixed or dorsifixed. (CASSIEAE. ) Leaves simple (rarely digitate); sepals 4 or 5, nearly equal, imbricate, more or less corolla- ceous, the outer one somewhat larger than the others; petals 4 or 5; stamens 3 or 4, the anthers basifixed, opening with oblique introrse pores, (IKRAMERIEAE. ) Leaves bipinnate; calyx divided to the disk; petals usually 5, subequal or but slightly un- equal; stamens 10. (MUCAESALPINIEAE. ) Common petiole very short, spine-pointed; rachis of the pinnae very long, flat, phyl- lodineous. Common petiole plainly developed, not phyl- lodineous. Calyx segments valvate in estivation. Flowers showy. Calyx segments strongly imbricate in estivation. Legume dehiscing lengthwise in the middle of the valves. Legume indehiscent or dehiscing lengthwise at the sutures. Flowers zygomorphic, papilionaceous; posterior petal (standard) outside in the bud. Stamens 10, all free. (SopHoreae.) Pods winged; leaves with pellucid glandular lines and dots. Pods not winged. A large tree; pods continuous. A shrub; pods constricted between the seeds. Stamens 10, monadelphous; pod 2-valved, not ar- ticulate; erect herbs or shrubs, with simple or digitately trifoliolate leaves. (GENISTEAE.) Tube of the stamens slit along the top; style abruptly bent near the base. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; pod 2-valved, not articulated; erect, rarely climb- ing herbs, shrubs, or trees with imparipinnate leaves. (GALEGEAE.) Anthers with glandular, apiculate or penicil- late-pilose connective; plants with malpi- ghiaceous hairs, i. e., appressed hairs at- tached by the middle. (INDIGOFERINAE.) CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL 16. 17. 18. 20, 21. 23. 28. 29. HERBARIUM. Hymenaea (p. 152). Tamarindus (p. 152). Bauhinia (p. 153). Cassia (p. 155). Krameria (p. 163). Parkinsonia (p. 163). Poinciana (p. 165). Haematorylum (p. 164). Caesal pinia (p. 165). PAPILIONATAE. Myrospermum (p. 168). Ormosia (p. 168). Sophora (p. 169). Crotalaria (p. 170). Indigofera (p. 172). PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAF OF PORTO RICO, Connective not appendiculate; plants very rarely clothed with malpighiaceous hairs. Seeds usually | or 2, rarely 3 or 4; pod small, I-seeded, indehiscent; herbs or shrubs with glandular dots. (Psora- LIINAE. ) Seeds usually several or more, rarely with glandular hairs, very rarely with glandular dots. Inflorescence or racemes usually ter- minal, or terminal and axillary. (TEPHROSIINAE. ) Style not bearded (rarely a small tuft of hairs on the stigma in Tephrosia); petals with short claws. Style bearded longitudinally in- side; petals with very long claws; calyx long-tubuliform. Inflorescence always axillary; stipe of the ovary without a discus at the base. (ROBINIINEAE.) Pod not septate within. Leaflets without — stipels; stigma terminal: stipules small setaceous. Leaves imparipinnate. Leaves paripinnate. Leaflets with small stipels: stigma below the some- what hooked apex of the style; stipules stiff, some- times spinous. Pod with transverse partitions between the seeds. Style long-bearded on the inner side. Style glabrous. Stamens 10, monadelphous or cdiadelphous; pod articulated; usually erect herbs or shrubs, with imparipinnate leaves. (Hepvsarea BE.) Upper stamen free toward the middle or con- nate with the others from the base: leaflets stipellate. (DESMODIINAE.) Pod compressed, straight; calyx herba- ceous. Pod terete, straight; calyx glumaceous. Stamens all united in a sheath more or less split on both the upper and the lower edges dividing the stamens into two bundles; flowers in axillary, usually few-flowered racemes, more rarely fascicled in the axils of the leaves; leaves pinnate; leaflets nu- 30. Dalea (p. 173). ol. Tephrosia (p. 174). 32. Barbieria (p. 175). 33. Gliricidia (p. 176). 35. Sabinea (p. 177). 34. Corynella (p. 177). 36. Cracea (p. 178). 37. Sesbania (p. 179). 45. Desmodium (p. 185). At. Alysicarpus (p. 191), 138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. merous, more rarely 1 to 3, without stipels. (AESCHYNOMENINAE. ) Stamen sheath split on the upper edge or entire. Stamen sheath split on the under edge and soon after florescence also more or less on the upper edge. Stamens all connate in a closed tube, the an- thers alternately longer and fixed near the base and shorter and versatile; flowers in terminal or axillary spikes or heads, rarely somewhat racemose; leaves pinnate, usu- ally with few leaflets, not stipellate. (Sry- LOSANTHINAE. ) Calyx with an elongated filiform tube; leaves pinnate. Pod small, distinctly articulated, hooked at the end, ripening in the air; leaves pinnate with only 3 leaflets; flowers small, terminal or axillary, in dense hispidulous spikes. . Pod large, not articulated, not hooked at the end, ripening in the soil; leaves pinnate, usually with 4, seldom with 3 leaflets; flowers rather large, solitary, axillary with long pedicels. Calyx tube not elongated; leaves digi- tate, with 2 or 4 leaflets. Stamens 10, monadelphous or diadelphous; pod indehiscent; erect or scandent shrubs or trees, with imparipinnate leaves and entire leaflets. (DALBERGIEAE. ) Pod membranous, papyraceous, or coriaceous to ligneous, often compressed and winged, in any case not drupaceous. Leaflets alternate, rarely reduced to 1. (PTEROCARPINAE.) Anthers small, terminal, erect, the cells dehiscing by a small apical slit; pod suborbicular. Anthers dorsifixed, opening longitu- dinally. Calyx blunt at the base, brac- teoles usually somewhat. or- bicular; standard silky out- side; pod thickly coriaceous. Calyx turbinate at the base; bracteoles small, deciduous; standard glabrous; pod — pa- pyraceous or thinly coria- ceous, more or less incrassated in the center. 38. Pictetia (p. 180). 39, Aeschynomene (p. 181). 40. Stylosanthes (p. 183). 41. Arachis (p. 184). 42. Zornia (p. 185). 45. Dalbergia (p. 192). 46. Drepanocarpus (p. 193). 47. Pterocarpus (p. 194). PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF Leaflets opposite, very rarely alternate, rarely reduced to 1. (LONCHOCARP- INAE.) Pod not winged. Pod with 4 wings. Pod drupaceous. (GEOFFRAEINAE.) Stamens 10, usually diadelphous; pod 2-valved; leaves endinginatendril. (VictEA£,) Stamens 10, diadelphous or monadelphous; pod 2-valved, not articulate; scandent (rarely erect) shrubs or herbs, with usually pinnately trifoliolate leaves, often stipellate. (PHASE- OLEAE.) Upper stamen free or more or less united with the others; style glabrous above, rarely pilose below, very rarely bearded longitudinally on the inner side (Cli- toria); nodes of the racemes not swollen. (GLYCININAE. ) Style bearded longitudinally on the inner side. Style glabrous. Standard spurred over the claw or at least with a tubercle, Standard without spur or tubercle, Upper stamen free or more or less united; style glabrous or pilose below; either the standard or the keel very large, larger than the other petals. (FE RyTHRININAE. ) Standard the largest of the petals. Leaves with 3 leaflets; calyx bila- biate or spathaceous, — rarely equally 5-toothed; trees or erect shrubs. Leaves with 1 leaflet; calyx with 4 segments, the two lateral small or indistinct; twining herbs. Keel the largest of the petals. Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta- men free; nodes of the racemes swollen. (GALACTIHNAE. ) Calyx segments 5, the upper one being 2-toothed or bifid. Calyx segments 4, the upper one con- sisting of 2 united. Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta- men free at the base, above more or less connate with the others; nodes of the ra- cemes swollen. (DIOCLEINAE.) Calyx with 4 subequal segments. Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip very large, entire or bifid, the lower lip very small; the upper suture of the pod incrassated or 2-winged. P ORTO RICO. 1389 . Lonchocar pus (p. 194). . Piscidia (p. 196). 50. Andira (p. 196). 59. 60. . Abrus (p. 197). 2. Clitoria (p. 198). . Centrosema (p. 199). . Teramnus (p. 201). 5. Erythrina (p. 202). 3. Rudolphia (p. 203). . Mucuna (p. 204). . Calopogonium (p. 206). Galactia (p. 206). Dioclea (p. 209). . Canavalia (p. 209). 140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Style glabrous or pilose below; upper sta- men free; leaves gland-dotted. (CAJAN- INAE.) Seeds 4 to many. 62. Cajanus (p. 210). Seeds 2, very rarely 3. 63. Rhynchosia (p. 211). Style bearded longitudinally on the inner side or penicillate at the apex. (PHASEO- LINAE.) Keel twisted spirally. 64. Phaseolus (p. 213). Keel truncate or with a curved beak, not spirally twisted. Stigma subsessile, oblique, inflexed or inserted below the apex of the style. Stigma very oblique, inflexed. 65, Vigna (p. 216). , Stigma subsessile, on the inner side of the style which is dilated at the apex. 66. Pachyrhizus (p. 218). Stigma terminal, not oblique. 67. Dolichos (p. 219). DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. 1. INGA Scop. Inga Scop. Introd, 298. 1777. Amosa Neck. Elem. 2: 459. 1790 Flowers 5 or 6-merous; calyx tubular or campanulate, dentate or broadly lobed; corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, the petals connate to the middle or beyond it; stamens indefinite, more or less united and forming a tube, long-exserted; ovary sessile; seeds numerous; legume linear, straight or somewhat curved, flat, quadrangu- lar or almost terete, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, almost always with thickened sutures, sub-dehiscent, pulpy between the seeds or rarely without pulp.—Trees or shrubs with pinnate leaves; rachis winged between the leaflets or sometimes not, almost always bearing sessile or stipitate glands; flowers often very large and tomen- tose, in umbels or globose heads, sometimes in oval elongated spikes, solitary or in fascicles, axillary or in crowded compound racemes on the ends of the branches. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stem, leaves, and flowers rusty brown tomentose or pubescent; . rachis winged between the leaflets. 1. 7. vera. Stem, leaves, and flowers glabrous; rachis not winged between the leaflets. 2. I. laurtina. 1. Inga vera Willd. (Urban, 263.) 4 A large tree; leaflets 4 to 6-jugate, oval or elliptical-oblong, the largest 17 em. long, 7 cm. wide, sessile, spikes 10 to 13 em. long; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 em. long; calyx 1 em. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long; stamens white, legume about 20 em. long, In woods near Bayamon; near dwellings on Mount Jimenez, at Sierra de Luquillo; near Los Mameyes; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas, along roads; on Mount Mesa, near Mayaguez, Jamaica, Haiti, Trinidad (Grisebach), Central America, Colombia. a The references under the species names are to the full synonymy given by U rban, Symbolae Antillanae, volume 4. All the pages cited, 262 to 312, were issued in 1905. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 141 Inga vera is used extensively for shade in coffee plantations. (Cook and Collins, p. 167.) The bark of the tree is employed as an astringent, and in Guadaloupe for tanning and dyeing; the sweet pulp is often eaten, and it is also used in catarrhal maladies. Local names, guava, guaba. 2. Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. * (Urban, 262.) Tree 10 to 15 meters high; leaflets 2-jugate, ovate or oval-oblong, obtuse or obtuse- acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, the largest 7 to 12 cm. long; spikes axillary, elon- gated; flowers white; calyx 1.5 mm. long; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; legume oblique at the base, 7.5 to 10 em. long, 2.5 em. wide. In woods near Bayamon; near Juncos on Mount Goyo; Sierra de Yabucoa on Mount Cerro Gordo; near Maunabo, on Mount Mala Pasqua in the town of Utuado; near Cabo Rojo; near Mayaguez.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John (Eggers), St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Bentham), St. Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Bentham). According to Cook and Collins (p. 167) this species is second in importance only to Inga vera as a shade tree for coffee. Local name, guama. 2. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart. Pithecolobium Marr. Flora 202: Beibl. 114. 1837. Spiroloba Rav. Sylva Tellur. 119. 1838. Cathormion Hassk. Retzia 1: 231. 1855. Flowers 5-merous, seldom 6-merous, hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous; calyx campanulate or tubular, short-dentate; corolla tubular or funnel-shaped, petals con- nate beyond the middle; stamens indefinite, often connate; ovary sessile or stipitate, ovules numerous; legume compressed, circinate, curved, or almost straight, coriace- ous or somewhat fleshy, two-valved, the valves after the dehiscence often twisted, oftener indchiscent or in some species separating into I-seeded segments; seeds flat, ovate or circular, often imbedded in a fleshy pulp; funiculus filiform or forming an aril.—- Trees and shrubs, the majority of which are unarmed, although many have thorny stipules; leaves bipinnate; flowers red or white; inflorescence capitate or spicate, axillary (or sometimes corymbose, racemose, or panicled at the extremities). KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaflets glabrous beneath. Pinnae 2 to 5-jugate, leaflets 2 to 8-jugate. 1. P. saman. to] ? 5 Pinnae: 8 to 12-jugate, leaflets 20 to 30-jugate. 2. P. arboreum. Leaflets pubescent beneath. 3. P. unguis-ealt. 1. Pithecolobium saman (Jacq.) Benth (Urban, 264.) A large tree; leaflets oblique, ovate-oblong or suborbiculate, 2 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 2.9 cm. wide; flowers rose-colored, in a globose head; calyx 8 mm. long; corolla 1.5 em. long; legume 18 to 20 em. long, 1.25 to 2.50 em. wide. Doubtfully indigenous. Near Bayamon at Catafio; near Manati on the way to Arecibo. Cuba, Jamaica (introduced, Bentham), St. Thomas (introduced, Eggers), St. Croix (do.), Guadeloupe (cultivated), Martinique (cultivated), St. Lucia (Grise- bach), Trinidad (Hart). Native country, Central and South America. 142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers and fruit, March to May. The pods are much eaten by cattle. According to Hart (cited in Cook and Collins, p. 221) “‘the tree gives a fine shade for ‘Guinea grass’ pastures and it is also an excellent one for planting in ordinary ‘low-bite’ pastures, both for the benefit of herbage and also as a shade for the cattle.”’ Local name, saman. 2. Pithecolobium arboreum (L.) Urb. (Urban, 264.) Forest tree 15 to 20 meters high, unarmed; leaflets oblique, falcate-oblong, somewhat obtuse, shining, dark green, 10 to 12 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; flowers whitish green in globose heads; calyx 2.5 mm. long; corolla 6.6 mm. long; legume red, 7 to 8 cm. long, 7 mm. wide; seeds black. In woods near Bayamon; near Cayey at Las Cruces; near Utuado, in rocky districts at Los Angeles; near Mayaguez; near Quebradillas.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Mexico, Central America. Local names, cojoba, cojébana. 3. Pithecolobium unguis-cati (L.) Benth. (Urban, 263.) Tree 3 to 5 meters high, armed; leaflets obovate, orbicular or broadly oblong, strongly oblique, obtuse, 4 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. broad; flowers whitish, in elongated heads; calyx 1 to 2mm. long; corolla 6 to 7mm. long; legume 10 to 12 cm. Tong, 7 mm. wide. On the coast near Fajardo; near Ponce at Tallaboa in thickets; near Guanica on declivities at Punta de la Meseta; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo in woods on the coast.— South Florida (Chapman) and Keys, Bahama, Cuba (A. Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Bar- buda, St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadaloupe, Les Saintes (Duss), Marie Galante (do.), Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent (do.), Bequia, Mus- tique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Union (do.), Barbadoes, Grenada, Trinidad, Vene- zuela, New Grenada. The bark of P. unguis-cati is a much-valued medicament, and it is this tree that furnishes the siliciferous wood of the Antilles. Local names, wita de gato, rolon, black bead; near Guayanilla called *‘escambron colorado” (Cook and Collins). 8. ALBIZZIA Duraz. Albizzia Duraz. Mag. Tose. 34: 11. 1772. Flowers usually 5-merous, hermaphrodite or more rarely polygamous; calyx tubular or campanulate, toothed or shortly lobed; corolla funnel-formed; petals united one- half their length or more; stamens indefinite, united at the base only or in a long- exserted sheath; legume broadly linear, straight, flat, thin, indehiscent, or dehiscent with 2 inelastic valves not contorted after dehiscence, continuous, without pulp.— Trees or shrubs unarmed; leaves bipinnate, leaflets small and numerous or few and large; flowers white, rose, rarely purple, in globose heads or cylindrical spikes, axillary or racemose toward the extremities. ]. Albizzia lebbek (L.) Benth.¢ (Urban, 264.) Tree, unarmed; pinnae 2 to 4-jugate; leaflets, 5 to 9-jugate, oval-oblong or oblong, 3 to 4.cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, unequal sided, very obtuse, the petiole bearing an 2 For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 15, facing p. 70. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 1438 oval gland above its base; flowers white, pedicellate, in long-peduncled clusters; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla 9 mm. long; legume flat-compressed, indehiscent or the valves tardily separated, glabrous 18 to 36 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide. Seemingly spontaneous and cultivated near Bayamon; near Catafio; near Yabucoa on the coast; near Coamo along roads toward Bafios; near Mayaguez at Algarrobo,— Bahama, Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stock- holm herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Xew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Trinidad, Curagao. Native country, southern and eastern Asia, tropical Africa. Albizzia lebbek is an ornamental tree that is exceedingly good for avenues. Its roots do not penetrate very deep. It grows rapidly, flourishes in almost any soil, and may be propagated by cuttings. The wood seasons, works, and polishes well and is fairly durable, while the bark is used asa tan bark. From this tree is procured a gum that is said not to be soluble in water, but to merely form a jelly; it resembles gum arabic. Local names, amor platonico, flamboydn. ‘The last name is used for Albizzia lebbek, as well as for Poinciana regia, according to Urban. 4. CALLIANDRA Benth. Anneslhia Sauiss. Parad. Lond. pl. 64. 1807. Annesleya G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 396. 1832, as section. Calliandra Bentu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 137, 138. 1840. Flowers 5 or 6-merous, polygamous; calyx campanulate, toothed, rarely deeply divided; corolla campanulate or funnel-form, segments united to the middle; stamens indefinite, connate at the base or beyond it, much exserted, glandular-hairy, the anthers rarely glabrous; legume linear, straight or somewhat curved, narrowed at the base, flat, continuous, the sutural margins prominent, seldom terete, 2-valved, the valves separating elastically from apex to base.—Shrubs or small trees, usually armed; stipules membranaceous or foliaceous, persistent, sometimes transformed into thorns; leaves bipinnate; flowers showy, red or white, often with very long stamens, solitary or axillary. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Shrub, unarmed; pinnae 2 to 4-jugate; leaflets 10 to 25-jugate; calyx deeply toothed, ciliate on the margin; petals united only a little above the base, outside glabrous. 1. C. portoricensis. Shrub, armed; pinnae I-jugate; leaflets 4 to 9-jugate, rarely 13- jugate; calyx shortly toothed, glabrous; corolla united two- thirds or three-fourths of its length, outside densely sericeous- pilose. 2. C. haematostoma. J. Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. (Urban, 265.) Shrub 1 to 4 meters high or tree 8 meters high, unarmed; leaflets linear or linear- oblong, 5 to 12 mm. long, glabrous; peduncle very slender; flowers white; calyx 2.5 mim. long; corolla 10 mm. long; legume linear, straight, 7 to 12 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, chartaceous, glabrous. In woods and copses near Bayamon; near Fajardo on Mount Mula; near Juncos on caleareous mountains toward Florida, near Humacao; near Maunabo on Mount Mala Pasqua; near Cayey on the upper and lower Maton River and at Planaje and on Mount Cedro; near Coamo at Farajones, near Pefuelas on calcareous mountains near Tallaboa- Poniente; near Guanica at [1 Maniel; in moist land on the edge of the forest between A 25734—voL LO, pr 4—07 144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Barina and La Boca, and in the coast districts near Laguna; near Lares on declivities at Barrio Piletas; near Quebradillas; between Isabela and Quebradillas; near Toa Baja.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, Vieques (Eggers), St. John, Grenada. Tropical continental America, tropical western Africa, This shrub yields a gum, copaltic, that is used as a medicament in the West Indies, Local names, cojobillo, morir vivir cimarron, zarza boba (Urban); acacia puertoriquena (Cook and Collins). 2. Calliandra haematostoma (Bertero) Benth. (Urban, 265.) Shrub, armed; 2 to 3 meters high; leaflets oblong, obtuse, 3 to 7 mm. long, glabrous, subciliate; peduncle very short; stipules spiny or with spines at their base; corolla 5 mm. long; stamens red; anthers white; legume 8 to 10 cm. long, linear, villous- pubescent, coriaceous. Near Guayanilla, on caleareous rocks of the coast at Pefon, rare.—Bahama (Ben- tham), Cuba (Bentham), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas in Flaghill, not often found, with flowers in October (Eggers). 5. ACACIA Willd. Sassa pruce; J. F. Gmelin, Syst. 2: 1038. 1791. Acacia WiLip. Sp. Pl. 4: 1049. 1806. Phyllodoce Link, Handb, 2: 132. 1831. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx campanulate, toothed or lobed, the sepals seldom distinct or wanting; petals free or united, more or less connate, rarely united with the stamens, rarely wanting; stamens numerous, free or slightly and irregularly consolidated at the base; ovary sessile or stipitate, 1 to many-seeded ; legume oval, linear or oblong, straight, curved or twisted, flat, convex or terete, mem- branous, coriaccous or woody, 2-valved or indehiscent, continuous or septate within, rarely with pulp, very seldom separating into segments; seeds usually oval, compressed, often with an aril. Trees, rarely herbs, unarmed or with prickles or thorns; leaves bipinnate, with multijugate leaflets, or reduced to a phyllodium; stem glands more or less conspicuous; stipules small or wanting, membranous, rarely transformed into a curved thorn; flower-heads pedunculate, yellow, rarely white, | or 2-fasciculate in the axils of the leaves, or racemose at the extremities. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Armed. Ligneous plant, sometimes scandent; stem, branches, and pe- duncle armed with small recurved prickles; pinnae 6 to 12- jugate; leaflets 15 to 40-jugate; legume stipitate, 10 to 20 cm, long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, glabrous or glauco-tomentose, thin. 1. A. riparia. Small tree or shrub; stipular spines slender, straight; pinnae 2 to 8; leaflets 10 to 25-jugate; legume sessile, turgid, cylin- drical or subfusiform, straight or curved, glabrous, 5 to 7 cm. long, 9 mm. wide. 2. A. farnesiana. Unarmed. Tree; flowers spicate; pinnae 4 to 6-jugate; leaflets 10 to 16- jugate, ovate-elliptic or broadly oblong, oblique, obtuse, at length coriaceous, 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. 3. A. nudiflora. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 145 1. Acacia riparia H. B. K. (Urban, 266.) Shrub 2 to 8 meters high or tree 15 meters high; leaflets oblong, linear, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; flowers white; corolla 2.2 to 3.3 mm. long. Near Bayamon, in thickets; near Juncos, on Mount Florida; near Maunabo, on Punta de la Tuna and near Punta Mala Pasqua; near Cayey on Morillos Brook; near Coamo, in thickets on the Yuey River toward Salinas; near Guanica, in thickets on the coast around the lagoon; near Cabo Rojo, on hills toward Guanajibo; near Mayaguez, on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Maricao, on Mount Alegrillo; near Afiasco; near incon, on the mountains at Calvache; near Aguadilla in thickets.—Jamaica (Grise- bach), Haiti (Lamarck Herbarium), St. Thomas, St. Croix (West), St. Martin (Stock- holm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Marti- nique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, tropical South America. Local name, zarza. 2. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. (Urban, 265.) A large shrub; leaflets linear, 6 mm. long, | mm. wide. Near Bayamon, in gardens; near Coamo, about Los Bafios; near Guanica on Mount Puerco; near Cabo Rojo, at Salinas in forests on the seashore and at Puerto Real; near Anasco, on Tula range.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (Stock- holm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, warmer regions of the earth. So generally cultivated for the perfume of its flowers and so frequently established as an escape from cultivation, that it is difficult to determine where it is really indige- nous. It appears, however, to be so in western America, from northern Chile to Texas, not, perhaps, in Brazil nor Guiana. Abundant in tropical and subtropical northern central Australia, and in the interior of northeastern Australia, and perhaps also really indigenous in south tropical Africa, but introduced only in East India, northern tropical Africa, and the Mediterranean region, The roots and pods of this plant have an alliaceous odor and in the Antilles are used for tanning, dyeing black, and in baths. The fragrant flowers (in trade falsely known as cassia flowers—cassie of the French) are much used in the making of perfumery. A gum exudes from the stem in considerable quantities. It is considered superior to gum arabic in the arts and in medicine. The wood is white, close-grained, hard, and tough. Local name, aromo. 3. Acacia nudiflora Willd. (Urban, 266.) Tree 8 to 15 meters high; flowers white or yellow-white, later becoming brown; legume shortly stipitate, straight or a little curved, flat, 10 em. long, 1.3 to 1.9 em. wide, the valves coriaceous. Near Fajardo, on the mountains toward Ceiba and in clayey soil of the seashore; near Naguabo, in forests on the coast at Candelero; near Yabucoa, in thickets on the coast at Puerto de la Vaca.—Haiti (Grisebach), St. Thomas, St. John (Bentham), Antigua (Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Dominica, Martinique. Local names, cojoba, cojébana, tamarindo cimarron (Urban); acacia nudosa (Cook & Collins). 146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. LEUCAENA Benth. Leucaena Bentu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416. 1842. Flowers 5-merous, sessile, usually hermaphrodite; calyx tubular-campanulate, dentate; corolla free; stamens 10, exserted; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style fili- form; legume stipitate, broadly linear, flat, coriaceous, 2-valved, the valves continu- ous; seeds flat, ovate, transverse.—Trees or shrubs, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the rachis with or without glands; the leaflets small, multijugate, or large and pauciju- gate; stipules minute; flower-heads white, axillary, fascicled, or racemose at the extremities. |. Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. (Urban, 266.) Tree 10 to 20 meters high, rarely a shrub, unarmed; pinnae 4 to 8-jugate; leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, oblong-linear, pointed, oblique at the base, 11 to 16 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; flowers minute, white; legume glabrous, 10 to 15 cm. long; seeds compressed, transverse to the valves. Near Bayamon, in mountain forests and thickets; near Comerio, in thickets; near Coamo, in the valley of Quebrada, Morena brook; near Guanica, in the forest of Mount El Maniel; near Mayaguez.—Bermuda, Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 250), Mustique (do.), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, Curagao. In the warmer regions of both hemispheres, but proba- bly indigenous only in tropical America. The firm wood of Leucaena glauca is used for making tools, and the young fruit and the ripe seeds are eaten raw with rice. By some authors given as a tree (Urban), by others as a shrub (Stahl, cited by Cook and Collins, p. 175). Local names, acacia pdlida (Urban); hediondilla (Cook and Collins). 7. SCHRANKEIA Willd. Schrankia Witip. Sp. Pl. 4: 1041. 1806, not Medic. 1792. Leptoglottis DC. Mem. Legum. 451. 1825. Schranckia Bentu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 413. 1842. Morongia Brirron, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 191. May, 1894. Flowers 5 or 4-merous, pedicellate, hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx minute; corolla funnel-form, the segments connate to the middle; stamens twice as many as the petals, free or cohering at the base, exserted; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style filiform; legume linear, subquadrangular, aculeate throughout with spreading prickles, the valves separating from the persistent sutural replum; seeds oblong, quadrangular.—Herbs or undershrubs, armed with short recurved prickles; leaves bipinnate; flower-heads globose, white or purple, axillary, solitary or fascicled, the stamens in the male flowers often flatly compressed. 1. Schrankia portoricensis Urb.¢ (Urban, 267.) Shrub, climbing; branches glabrous or at leaf insertions slightly hairy; leaves 7 to 12 cm. long with petioles 3 to 4 em. long; pinnae 4 to 7-jugate; leaflets 15 to 20-jugate, linear, obtuse or somewhat acute, 3 to 6 mm. long, the veins inconspicuous, gla- brous; flower heads axillary, solitary, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, light yellow; calyx @ Cook and Collins, p. 194, as Morongia distachya. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 147 minute, + as long as the corolla, cupulate, slightly divided, with 6 to 8 substipitate glands on the margin; corolla 3 mm. long; legume subsessile, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, 1.5 to 4 em. long, aculeate; seeds subrectangular, 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 2.6 mm. wide, black. Near Coamo, in the mountain forests of San Ildefonso and on shady slopes in El Tendal Valley. Indigenous. Local name, cuernecillo. 8. MIMOSA I.. Mimosa 1.. Sp. Pl. 1: 516. 1353. Lomoplis Rar. Sylva Tellur. 118. 1838. Flowers 4 or 5, rarely 3 to 6-merous, hermaphrodite or polygamous; calyx usually small, sometimes wanting or paleacform, often laciniate or fimbriate, rarely campan- ulate and short-toothed; corolla campanulate or funnelform; stamens (as many as or) twice as many as the petals, free, exserted; ovary sessile or substipitate, 2 to many-seeded; style filamentose; legume oblong or linear, compressed, rarely incras- sated, membranous or coriaceous, valves separating entire or in transverse segments from the persistent sutural replum; seeds ovate or oblong, flat.—Decumbent or erect herbs, scandent undershrubs, or trees, unarmed or aculeate; leaves bipinnate, rarely wanting or reduced to a leailike stem; petiolar glands present; flowers small, in glo- bose heads or cylindrical spikes, axillary or racemose toward the extremities, soli- tary or fascicled. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Pinnae 2-jugate, rarely 1-jugate; leaflets 15 to 25-jugate; petiole and peduncle unarmed; legume 1.5 to 2.cm. long, 4 mm. wide, covered with recurved bristles. 1. M. pudica. Pinnae 3 to 5-jugate; leaflets 3-jugate; petiole and peduncle armed; legume 5 to 5.5 em. long, 2 cm. wide, with large recurved prickles on the margins. 2. M. ceratonia, 1. Mimosa pudica L. (Urban, 267.) Undershrub or an herb, often scandent, armed with infrastipular and scattered prickles; leaflets oblong-linear, pointed, ciliate with adpressed bristles, glabrescent, 10 to 11 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, membranous; flower-heads oval. Near Bayamon; near Maricao, along roads; near Mayaguez, around the fortress.— Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. Continental tropical America, tropical Asia, probably introduced. A common weed in most parts of the region, naturalized also in many parts of tropical Africa. A medicament is made from the roots, leaves, and seeds of Mimosa pudica that is used by the country people. Local names, morivivi, morir-vivir, sensitiva. Sensitive plant. 2. Mimosa ceratonia L. (Urban, 267.) Shrub 4 meters high, decumbent or ascending; branches and petioles armed with small recurved prickles; leaflets obovate or orbiculate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, membran- ous, 3-nerved; flower-heads globose, racemose toward the extremities; white. Near Bayamon; near Yabucoa, in mountain woods at Guayabota; near Maunabo, in thickets at Punta de la Tuna; near Mayaguez, on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Manati 148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. in the primeval forest of Mount Mala Pasqua.—St. Thomas, St. Croix (West), Antigua (Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Bentham), St. Vincent. This plant is perhaps found on the South American continent, but M. obovata is often mistaken for it. Local name, zarza. 9. DESMANTHUS Willd. Acuan Mepic. Theod. 62. 1786. Desmanthus Wiuip. Sp. Pl. 4: 1044. 1805. Desmanthea DC. Prod. 2: 444. 1825, as section. Flowers 5-merous, sessile, hermaphrodite or the lower ones male or neuter; calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; petals free or slightly cohering; stamens 10 or 5, free, exserted; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style subulate, or sometimes incrassate above; stigma terminal, truncate, concave; legume linear, straight or curved, compressed, con- tinuous or slightly septate, 2-valved, the valves adhering to the sutural replum; seeds compressed, subrhomboidal. Perennial herbs or undershrubs; leaves bipinnate, leaflets small; stipules setaceous, persistent; flower-heads subglobose, often pauciflorous, solitary, axillary. 1. Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. (Urban, 268.) Undershrub, decumbent or ascending, 2 to 3 meters high; pinnae 1 to 7-jugate, petiole bearing an ovate-oblong gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, oblong- linear, 5 to 8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; flower-heads with a few white flowers, 5 to 9 mm. in diameter; legume straight or slightly falcate, 6 to 8 em. long, 2 mm. wide, 20 to 30-seeded. Near Guanica, on the seashore at Cafio Gordo and on dry grassy tracts around the lagoon; near Mayaguez, at the fortress.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Gaudeloupe, Martinique, Grenada. Tropical and subtropical America; common from Buenos Ayres to the West Indies. Tropical Asia; probably introduced into East India. Local name, desmanto rayado. 2. Desmanthus virgatus strictus (Bertol.) Griseb. (Urban, 268.) Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high or small tree 3 to 4 meters high; flowers white. Near Fajardo, on roadside; near Aibonito, between Algarrobo and Cariblanco; near Coamo, about Salinas; near Pefiuelas, on shady slopes of Mount Llano; near Guanica, on the margins of woods between La Boca and Barinas and about lagoons; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, in the coast districts, near Aguadilla.—Bahama, Cuba, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Martinique, St. Vincent, Bar- bados, Tobago. Variety sfrictus in Porto Rico and also in the other islands differs obviously from the type and is easily distinguished from it. 10. NEPTUNIA Lour. Neptunia Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2: 653. 1790. Hemidesma Rar. Sylva Tellur. 119. 1838. Flowers 5-merous, sessile, the upper hermaphrodite, the lower masculine or neuter; calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; petals cohering to the middle or free; stamens 10, rarely 5, exserted; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style filiform, with a small, terminal, concave stigma; legume shortly and broadly oblong, oblique and almost at right angles with the short stipes, the apex rounded but witha distinct apiculum, compressed, thinly PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 149 coriaceous or submembranous, 2-valved, the valves depressed between the seeds or indistinctly septate; seeds transverse, ovate. —Perennial herbs or decumbent or aquatic undershrubs, stems usually compressed or triangular; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets small; stipules membranous, obliquely cordate: flower heads ovat e-globose, axillary, solitary, the lower neuter flowers with elongated petaloid staminodia. 1. Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. (Urban, 268.) Undershrub, decumbent or ascending; pinnae 2 or 3-jugate, the petiole bearing a gland between the lowest pair; leaflets 14 to 20-jugate, naryowly linear, 4 to 7 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; bracts in the middle of the peduncle alternate, cordate, longer per- sistent than in other species; flower-heads oval, the flowers yellow, the calyx 2 mm. long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; anthers brown; legume stipitate, at length deflexed, 3 to 4 em. long, 1 em. wide, 5 to 20-seeded, Near Maunabo, at Punta de la Tuna; near Guanica, on the swampy shore of the lagoon toward La Plata; between Vega Baja and Dorado, in sandy districts; near Dorado, on inundated sandy land.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Grenada, Curacao, South America, tropical Asia (introduced). The plant figured in the Botanical Register as N, plena, and described as having a spongy floating stem, was probably N. oleracea. Local name, desmanto amarillo. 11. ADENANTHERA L. Adenanthera V.. Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 1753. Stachychrysum Boj. Hort. Maurit. 114. 1837. Gonsti ADANS. Fam. 2: 318. 1763. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, 5-merous, substipitate; calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; corolla segments coherent below or free; stamens 10, free, scarcely exserted; ovary sessile, multiovulate, style filiform, stigma small, terminal; legume linear, usually curved, compressed or often turgid over the seeds, usually incurved or faleate, 2-valved, usually septate; seeds scarlet or two-colored, thick, the testa hard. smooth.—Trees, unarmed; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, multijugate; flow ers white or yellowish; racemes often elongated, solitary or fascicled in the axils or panicled at the extremities. 1. Adenanthera pavonina L. (Urban, 269.) Tree, 5 to 8 meters high; pinnae 2 to 5-jugate; leaflets 6 to 10-jugate, ovate or oblong- elliptical, 2.6 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2.0 em, broad, very obtuse, glabrous; flowers in racemes; calyx 1 mm. long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; legume 10 to 27 cm, long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, brown outside, golden yellow inside, linear, compressed, incurved; seeds scarlet, smooth. Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo; near Maya- guez; near Anasco, around Hacienda Pagan. —Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica (do.), Cay- man (Hitchcock), St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.), Guadaloupe, Martinique (Duss), St. Vincent, Bequia. Native country tropical Asia. This plant is introduced in the West Indies and other parts of tropical America, and possibly in tropical Africa and tropical Australia. The glistening red seeds (condori) are worn as ornaments by the women and, roasted or boiled with rice, they are used as a Bot. Reg. 32: pl. 3. 1846. 150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. food. From the roots in Cuba and Haiti an emetic is made, and a remedy used for rheumatism is procured by boiling the leaves. The wood is sometimes used as a dye, but chiefly as a substitute for the true red sandalwood. The heartwood is red, hard, closegrained, durable, and strong, and is used for house building and cabinet making, Local names, coralitas, mato, mato colorado, palo de mato, peronilas. 12. PIPTADENIA Benth. Piptadenia Benvu. Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 334. 1842. Schleinitzia Wars. Engl. Bot. Yahrb. 13: 336. 1891. Flowers sessile, 5-mereus; calyx campanulate, shortly toothed; corolla connate to the middle; stamens 10, free, exserted; ovary subsessile; ovules 3 to many; legume stipitate, rarely sessile, broadly linear, flat, membranaceous or subcoriaceous, 2-valved, the valves continuous, without pulp; seeds compressed; funiculus filiform.—Trees or shrubs, unarmed or aculeate; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small, multijugate, rarely large and paucijugate; flowers small, white or greenish, cylindrically spicate or globose- capitate, solitary or fascicled, axillary or panicled at the extremities, 1. Piptadenia peregrina (L.) Benth. (Urban, 269.) Shrub 4 meters high or tree 20 meters high, unarmed; pinnae 15 to 30-jugate, leaflets 30 to 80-jugate, minute, 2 tod mm. long, | to 1.5mm. wide, linear, glabrescent; petiole puberulous, bearing a gland above the base; flower heads white, small; calyx 1.5 mm, long; corolla 3.5 mm. long; legume 5 to 15 cm. long, 1.5 em. broad, subcoriaceous, 2- valved. Near Bayamon, in mountain woods at Toa Baja; near Aibonito, on slopes near Buena Vista de la Plata; near Sabana Grande, on the Estero River; near Cabo Rojo, toward Guanajibo; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, at Barrio del Pasto; Manati, in thickets near Garrochales.—Haiti, Dominica, St. Vincent (Grisebach), Trinidad (Bentham). Trop- ical America: Brazil, provinces of Rio Janciro, Minas Geracs, Goyaz, and Rio Negro; Guiana, Venezuela. Local names, cojébana, cojoba, cojobillo, cojobo. 138. ENTADA Adans. Entada ApANs. Fam. 2: 318. 1763, Flowers spicate, 5-merous, sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx campanulate, toothed or deltoid-lobate; petals free or coherent at base, oblong-lanceolate or linear, valvate; stamens 10, usually exserted, the anthers elliptical or roundish with a terminal cadu- cous gland; pollen-grains indefinite; ovary subsessile, multiovulate: style filiform; stigma terminal, truncate, concave; legume straight, sometimes of enormous s1Ze} seeds flattened, exalbuminous; testa with a central areole.—Trees or climbing shrubs, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the number of pinnae and of leaflets very variable; spikes solitary or fascicled from the upper axils, or panicled at the extremities; hermaphro- dite or polygamous. 1. Entada polyphylla Benth. (Urban, 269.) A large shrub 5 meters high; pinnae 4 to 8-jugate; leaflets 12 to 20-jugate, linear- oblong, obtuse, retuse, clothed beneath with short adpressed hairs; spikes numerous in terminal racemes, rachis and petioles puberulent; legume 7.5 em. long. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 151 Near Fajardo, on the river at the base of Mount Mula; between Manati and Vega Baja, in sandy districts.—South America, and in related forms in Guadeloupe, Marti- nique, and St. Vincent. Local name, tamarindille. 14. CYNOMETRA lL. Cynometra LL. Sp. Pl. 1: 382. 1753. Tripa AvaANs. Fam. 2: 508. 1763. Cynomora R. Wepwia, Gen. 304, 1806. Metrocynia THou. Gen. Nov. Madag. 22. 1806. Calyx with a rather short or very short receptacle; segments 4 or 5, thin, imbricate in estivation, usually reflexed at flowering; petals 5, subequal, sometimes one or two anterior minute, not verrucose; stamens 10, rarely indefinite, free; filaments gla- brous; ovary sessile or shortly stipitate, cohering with or free in the receptacle; style filiform; stigma small, truncate or rounded; legume obliquely ovoid, obovoid, or reni- form, rarely straight, coriaceous, turgid or slightly compressed, rugose, verrucose, rarely levigate, 2-valved; seeds exalbuminous... Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves paripinnate; leaflets | to 6 jugate, oblique, coriaceous; flowers usually reddish, small, in axillary or lateral clusters or short racemes; bracts ovoid, membranous, at first imbricate, later deciduous, rarely persistent; bracteoles wanting or, when present, membranous and colored. 1. Cynometra portoricensis Krug & Urb. (Urban, 270.) Tree, 15 meters high; stipules wanting; leaflets 1-jugate, oblique, obovate-oblong, 5 to 3 em. long, 0.6 to 1.2 em. wide, entire, coriaceous, glabrous, shining; inflores- cence axillary, rachis 5 mm. long; legume semiorbicular, 2.5 to 3 em. long, 1.4 to 1.8 cm. wide, crustaceous, sublevigate, brown. Near Rincon, on wooded hills at Quebrada del Salto. Indigenous. 15. STAHLIA Bello. Stahlia Betio, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat, 107: 255, 1881. Calyx with obconical receptacle and 5 free, subequal, obtuse segments; petals 5, subequal, dorsally multiverrucose; stamens 10, free, filaments lanate; ovary sessile, free at the fundus of the receptacle; style filiform; stigma small, truncate; legume roundly ovoid, somewhat compressed, coriaceous, indehiscent (according to Bello very late dehiscent); seeds 2, exalbuminous; bracts membranous, not imbricate, caducous; bracteoles wanting.—Unarmed: trees; leaves paripinnate; leaflets pauciju- gate, oblique, thin, the lower surface glandular; flowers light yellow, not large, in axillary or terminal racemes. This is the only endemic genus of Leguminosae in Porto Rico. 1. Stahlia monosperma (Tul.) Urb. (Urban, 270.) Handsome tree 5 to 20 meters high; leaves 24 to 30 em. long; leaflets 4 to 6-jugate, ovate-oblong, 6 to 9 em. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, with subcordate or truncate base; inflorescence 10 to 20-flowered, often 10 em. long: sepals 6 to 7 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide; petals pale yellow, 10 to 11 mm. long, 5.5 to 6 mm. wide: anthers purple; lecume 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, glabrous, red when mature. Flowering from March to May, fruiting in August and September. 152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. In littoral woods near Rio Grande, at La Estancia; near Ceiba; near Naguabo in the woods at Guyacan; near Guanica in the woods of La Boca, at Barinas and at La Plata. The strong wood of this tree is much used in the manufacture of household furniture. Local names edbana, polisandro. 16. HYMENAEA L. Hymenaea L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1192. 1753. Courbari ADANS. Fam. 2: 317. 1763. Tanroujou Juss. Gen, 351, 1789. Courbaril Puum.; Endl. Gen, 1317. 1841, Calyx with thick, campanulate receptacle, its segments 4, imbricate; petals 5, sessile, oblong or obovate, subequal or the posterior one often larger, glandular; stamens 10, free, glabrous; anthers glandular; ovary subsessile; style filiform; stigma terminal, small; legume obliquely obovate or oblong, thick and often almost terete, coriaceous or subligneous, indehiscent; seeds few, exalbuminous, without aril._— Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate: leaflets coriaceous, glandular-punctate; flowers usually large, white, in paniculate racemes; bracts and bracteoles ovate or orbicu- lar, concave, caducous. 1. Hymenaea courbaril L.¢ (Urban, 270.) Tree 10 to 20 meters high; leaves bifoliate; leaflets leathery, polished, falcate-ovate or oblong, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, shortly petiolate; flowers ‘white, in many-flowered terminal cymes; calyx segments ovate, obtuse, leathery, 15 mm. long; petals nearly equal, as long as the calyx segments: legume ligneous, thick, 7.5 to 10 em. long, 5 to 6 em. wide, indehiscent, filled with mealy pulp. Near Bayamon; in the Sierra de Luquillo at Mavi; near Juncos in the woods of Mount Santo de Leon; near Maunabo, at Emajagua; near Mayaguez; near Manati.— Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholo- mew (Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Gaudeloupe, Dominica, Mar- tinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Mus- tique (do.), Brazil, Guiana, Colombia. From the trunk of Hymenaea courbaril (locust tree, quapinole, jutahy, jatahy, or jatoba) a clear balsam drops to the ground, where it hardens. It is found in pieces weighing sometimes several pounds. ‘This resin is known as American copal, resina copal, or courbaril, and is used by the Brazilian physicians and by the Indians as a medicament. The red wood is hard and heavy and is known in trade as courbaril wood. Among the Indians the sweetish pulp is a favorite food. They understand how to polish the resin most beautifully, and they use it for all kinds of ornaments, especially for the well-known lip decorations, tembeta (of the Amazon near Parana). Local name, algurrobo. 17. TAMARINDUS L. Tamarindus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 34. 1753. Calyx with a narrowly turbinate receptacle and 4 strongly imbricated membranous segments; petals 3 (1 posterior, 2 lateral), oblong or obovate-oblong, subequal, shortly clawed; 2 anterior petals minute, setaceous or squammiform; fertile stamens 3, the anterior connate nearly half their length, alternating with minute or rudimentary staminodia; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style elongated; stigma terminal, truncate, capitate; legume oblong or oblong-linear, thick, curved or nearly straight, compressed, 4 For illustration of fruit see Cook and Collins, pl. 41, facing p, 164, PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 153 indehiscent; epicarp thin, crustaceous; mesocarp pulpy; endocarp thick and fleshy, forming complete partitions between the seeds; seeds obovate-elliptical or roundish, compressed, with a thick, shining testa, each side marked with a large faintly defined areole; albumen none.—Unarmed trees; leaves paripinnate; leaflets multijugate, small, coriaceous, oblong, obtuse, reticulate, subsessile; stipules small, caducous; flowers yellowish or red-striped, in terminal racemes; bracts and bracteoles, ovate- oblong, colored, caducous. 1. Tamarindus indica L. (Urban, 270:) Tree 5 to 8 meters high, wholly glabrous or extremities at first thinly pubescent or puberulous, sometimes glaucescent; leaves 6 to 15 cm. long; leaflets 1.5 to 2. em. long, 5 to6 mm. wide, oblong, 10 to 20-jugate; flowers variegated, racemose; calyx segments 11 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; petals 10 to 12 mm. long; legume 5 to 15 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, 1 to 4-seeded. Seemingly wild, also cultivated, in woods near Bayamon; near Aibonito at Cart- Blanco; near Pefiuelas; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, in mountain forests around Hacienda Nieve.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Mus- tique (do.), Margarita. The tamarind, the only species of the genus, valued on account of the acid pulp of the fruit, would appear to be truly indigenous in tropical Africa. It is widely diffused either under cultivation or naturalized, through the Tropics of both the New and the Old World. According to Grosourdy (cited by Cook and Collins, p. 248) the wood is of good weight and more than ordinarily hard. The texture is rather compact and the grain fine. Local name, tamarindo 18. BAUHINIA L. Bauhinia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 374. 1753. Flowers hermaphrodite, more rarely polygamous; calyx with a short turbinate or tubular receptacle, before anthesis undivided and closed at the top or contracted beneath the top and shortly 5-lobed, at anthesis variously divided, vaginate or with 3 to 5 valvate, rarely imbricate, segments; petals 5, usually subequal, more rarely the uppermost differing in form from the others, imbricate in estivation; stamens 10, all fertile, with free or more or less connate filaments and dorsifixed anthers, or reduced to 1 to 9 staminodia, or entirely wanting; ovary sessile or stipitate, rarely glandular below, 2 to many-ovulate; style filiform, often very short, usually long; stigma ter- minal, dilated and obliquely peltate or inconspicuous; legume oblong or linear, straight, oblique, or curved, membranous, coriaceous, or almost fleshy, continuous or pulpy between the seeds, seldom septate, indehiscent or 2-valved; seeds compressed, albuminous, subglobular or ovate; seed coat thin or hard; root short and straight, rarely oblique or slightly curved.—Trees or erect or scandent shrubs, unarmed, or with interstipulary prickles, and with round or unequally compressed or broadened and flat trunk and often with branches that are transformed into tendrils; leaves simple, sometimes entire, sometimes 2-lobed or parted, more rarely 2-foliolate; stipules vary- ing, caducous; flowers 2 or 3 together on leaf-opposed or terminal peduncles or collected in simple or compound corymbs, racemes, or panicles, white or rose to purple and yellow. The three species of Bauhinia found in Porto Rico are trees or shrubs, with 2-lobed leaves. The calyx is closed at the top or contracted beneath the top and shortly 5-lobed, and at anthesis is vaginate. In the section Pauletia, embracing two of the 154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. species, there are 5 to 10 fertile stamens. In Casparia, containing the third, there is but 1 fertilestamen. The legume is straight, linear, coriaceous, continuous, 2-valved. Both axillary and terminal racemes occur. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Fertile stamens 10 or 5. (Section Pauletia.) Petals narrow, linear; stamens 5. 1. Bauhinia pauletia. Petals obovate or obcordate; stamens 10. 2. Bauhinia tomentosa. Fertile stamens 1, the rest without anthers. (Section Cas- paria. ) 3. Bauhinia kappleri. 1. Bauhinia pauletia Pers. (Urban, 271.) Erect or scandent shrubs 3 meters high, armed, leaves suborbicular or quadrate, 5 to 8 cm. long and wide, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; petiole 1 to 2.5 cm. long; calyx lobes 10 to 14 cm. long; petals narrowly linear, 5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 1.5mm. wide; legume 15 to 25 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, subtomentose; flowering and fruiting in January and February. In the copse near Mayaguez; near Cabo Rojo; near Guanica, between La Plata and Sabana Grande near Limon.—Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela. West Indies, Trinidad, in shady woods near Arima. Local names, mariposa, araiia gato. 2. Bauhinia tomentosa L. (Urban, 271.) Shrub 1 to 4 meters high; leaves cordate, usually 7-nerved, membranous, 3.75 cm. to 7.50 cm. in diameter, bilobed to one-half or one-third its length, glabrous above, paler or somewhat glaucous, minutely tomentose-pubescent or glabrate beneath, the lobes rounded above and below; calyx limb spathaceous; petals obovate or obcordate, 2.50 to 6.25 cm. long, subsessile or shortly clawed, venation divergent, not prominent, pale yellow, posterior one pale purple, with a reddish, nearly black, spot at the base. Cultivated and also seemingly wild, near Fajardo on waysides; near Mayaguez.— Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad. Native country, southeastern Asia, tropical Africa. 3. Bauhinia kappleri Sagot.a (Urban, 271.) Tree or shrub 10 to 15 meters high; leaves ovate or orbicular, 8 to 12, sometimes 18 cm. long and wide, truncate or subcordate at the base, 11 to 13-nerved, unarmed; petioles 3 to6cm. long; calyx 2 cm. long; petals obovate, 5 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide; flowers very large, showy, whitish, rose color, or yellow, with purple lines in lax racemes. Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous, near Bayamon; near Fajardo; near Naguabo; around Hacienda Oriente; near Adjuntas at Saltillo; near Pefuelas at La Cueva; near Cabo Rojo on Mount Buena Vista; near Mayaguez; near Manati on calcareous mountains; near Rio Arriba around dwellings.—Cuba, Jamaica (Hitcheock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Guiana, Native country, southeastern Asia? Local names, flamboydn blanco, varietal, seplina. @ For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 19, facing p. 90. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 155 19. CASSIA L. Cassia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 376. 1753. Senna Tourn.; Minn. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768. Bactyrilobium Wiuup. Enum. 439. 1809. Chamaefistula G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 451. 1832. Calyx with a very short receptacle and 5 imbricate segments; petals 5, imbricate, spreading, subequal or the anterior larger; stamens sometimes 10, all perfect and sub- equal, or the anterior shorter, or the three anterior very small, abortive, or wanting, sometimes only 5; filaments very short or elongated, rarely nodose, incrassate, or dilated in the middle; anthers uniform, or those of the anterior stamens larger, their cells dehiscing in terminal pores or in short lateral slits; ovary sessile or stipitate, free in the fundus of the receptacle, often arcuate, multiovulate, style short or elongated; stigma terminal, small, truncate, rarely ciliate or turgid; legume terete, flat, com- pressed, quadrangular, or alate, membranous, coriaceous, or ligneous, indehiscent, or sometimes 2-valved, with or without transverse internal septa, seldom with pulp; seeds albuminous, flattened at right angles to or parallel with the valves, rarely rhom- boid-subterete, transverse, rarely longitudinally disposed in the legume; cotyledons ovate or oblong, plane, sometimes sinuous. Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves paripin- nate, rarely wanting or reduced to small squamae; stipules various; glands of the com- mon petiole sessile or stipitate, verrucose, hypocrateriform, scutellate, near the base or interpetiolular; flowers yellow or red, in axillary or terminal racemes, corymbs, or fascicles; occasionally solitary or geminate in the axils. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Perfect stamens usually 7, the 3 anterior with long curved filaments, often dilated beyond the middle, and ovate or elliptical anthers, not exceeding 4 to 6 mm. in length, dehiscing longitudinally; the 4 to 6 intermediate fila- ments much shorter, erect, dehiscing by means of pores; the remaining anthers 3, 2, or 1, much smaller, often sterile; legume elongated, pendulous, terete or slightly compressed, indehiscent or rarely dehiscent, divided by transverse partitions into numerous 1-seeded cavities; seeds horizontal, flattened at right angles to the axis of the legume. (Subgenus and Section Fistu.a DC.) Leaflets 4 to 8-jugate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 12.5 cm. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, subacuminate, glabrous; petiolules rather long; legume round, 30 to 60 cm. long, levigate. 1. C. fistula. Leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 *m. long, 2.5 em. wide, obtuse at both ends, both surfaces pubescent, petiolules short; legume compressed-cylindrical, 45 to 60 cm. long, venose-rugose. 2. C. grandis. Periect stamens usually 7, the 2 or 3 anterior somewhat longer, the anthers linear curved, 6.5 to 13 mm. long, opening at the top by 1 or 2 pores, rarely dehiscing longitudinally; sta- minodia usually 3; valves not elastic, the legume rarely in- dehiscent. (Subgenus Senna Benth.) Legumes round, turgid or slightly compressed; seeds transverse, horizontal; leaves interglandular or eglan- dular. (Section CHAMAEFISTULA DC.) Leaflets 2-jugate. 3. C. quinquangulata. 156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaflets 3 to 5-jugate. Leaflets small, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse at both ends. Leaflets usually 3 or 4-jugate, obovate or oval-roundish, rounded at the top, glands between the leaves; racemes few-flowered; pedicels 3 to 6 mm. long; legume coria- ceous, dehiscent along the sutures. 4. C. bicapsularis. Leaflets usually 5-jugate, oval or elliptical, rounded at the top, a gland between the lower leaves; racemes long and many- flowered; pedicels 2 to 3 cm. long. 5. C. stahlir. Leaflets large, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 to 8 em. long; petiole with ob- long glands between the leaflets; legume te- rete. 6. C. laevigata. Legume flattened-compressed, membranous, bivalved, convex; seeds compressed parallel to the dissepiments; petiole with obtuse glands near the base. (Section ONCOLOBIUM Vog.) Leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, ovate or elliptic lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long. 7. C. occidentalis. Legume compressed-tetragonal, linear; seeds compressed parallel to the valves, their larger diameter likewise parallel to the valves. (Section PRososPeRMA Vog.) Leaflets 2 or 3-jugate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5 cm. long; legume 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide. Legume flat-compressed, bivalved; seeds compressed parallel to the valves, with their longer diameter trans- verse to them. (Section CHAMAESENNA DC.) Legume winged with a broad longitudinal wing on each valve; leaves 30 to 60 cm. long; leaflets 9 to 12-jugate, oblong, truncate at the subsessile base, 7.5 to 17.5 em. long; petiole 3-angular, eglandular. Legume not winged. Leaves very small; leaflets 5 to 15-jugate, obo- vate-oblong, ciliate on the margins, otherwise glabrous; leaves fasciculate at the nodes; le- gumes narrow. ] Leaves much larger, pilose; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate, rarely 2-jugate, broadly oval-oblong, very ob- tuse, upper surface pubescent, lower surface tomentose, eglandular; legume coriaceous, linear, straight, glabrous, tumid at the mar- gins. 11. C. emarginata. Stamens 10 or fewer, all perfect, similar and but slightly une- qual (rarely 2 or 3 abortive); anthers linear; pedicels soli- tary, in pairs or fascicles, axillary or superaxillary ; common peduncle very short; legumes flat, linear, elastic, 2-valved. (Subgenus LastorHEGMA Vog. Section CHAMAECRISTA DC.) Leaflets 1-jugate, oblique, semiorbicular or semiobovate, flabellate-nerved; petiole glandular; peduncle one- flowered; legume hairy with adpressed down. 12. C. diphylla. oO . C. tora. C. alata. 1s cn) _ a C. polyphylla. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 157 Leaflets multijugate, very small. Leaves subcoriaceous; leaflets 6 or 7, rarely 5 to 11- jugate, oblique, oblong-linear, rounded at the top, 8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, glandular; pe- duncle 1 or 2-flowered; legume linear, hairy. 13. C. portoricensis. Leaves membranous. Glands stipitate; leaves obtuse or subacute; costa usually in the middle. Leaves large, 7.5 em. long; leaflets 1.1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide; common petiole and legume thinly clothed with white hairs; legume 4.5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. 14. C. glandulosa. Leaves small, 2.5 em. long; leaflets 5 mm. léng, | mm. wide; common petiole and legume glabrous; legume 2.5 em. long, 3 mm. wide. 15. C. mirabilis. Glands sessile or shortly stipitate; leaves nar- rower, mostly acute; costa more eccentric. 16. C. nictitans. 1. Cassia fistula L. (Urban, 272.) Tree 7 to 20 meters high; flowers in lax drooping racemes, yellow, large; pedicels long; calyx segments oval or oval-oblong, 1 cm. long, obtuse; petals ovate, 2 to 2.5 em, long; legume pendulous. Flowering in June, fruiting in January. Cultivated and seemingly wild near Bayamon; in the Sierra de Luquillo, on the lower slopes of Mount Jimenez near dwellings; near Mayaguez, at Algarrobo.—Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Croix (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Gaude- loupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Trinidad, Mar- garita. Tropical Asia, frequently planted, but also truly indigenous; in tropical Atrica cultivated or escaped from cultivation and possibly indigenous; in America only where planted. Cassia fistula and C. grandis are closely related. Both are noticeable on account of their long simple racemes. —C. fistula differs from other Porto Rican Cassia species in its very large leaves and in its long pendulous legumes. The latter are cylindrical in form and contain a dark brown, soft, agreeable-tasting pulp that has a slightly purga- tive action. This fruit, called “manna,”’ is considered a delicacy, especially by chil- dren. The bark furnishes a black dye, and isemployed in tanning leather, while the wood is valuable for many purposes, Local name, cafiafistula. 2. Cassia grandis L. f. i (Urban, 272.) Tree 15 to 20 meters high; flowers in drooping, axillary rusty-pubescent racemes; calyx segments rather wide, 6 to 8.5 mm. long, obtuse; petals suborbicular, 1 em. in diameter; legume 45 to 60 cm. long, transversely rugulose. Indigenous and cultivated, near Pefiuelas at Tallaboa Alta; near Yauco, on declivi- ties on the banks of the Duey River at Mount Rodadero; near Mayaguez; near Vega Baja.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Bentham), Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St.Croix (do,), Guadeloupe, Central America, Ecuador, New Grenada, Surinam, San Domingo, Jamaica, and perhaps North Brazil. This differs from C. fistula, the only other species in Porto Rico belonging to the sub- genus and section Fistula DC., in the rusty pubescence of its racemes, and in its much smaller, multijugate leaflets. 158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The natives make from the leaves, seeds, and roots of C. grandis and C. occidentalis various medicaments. Grosourdy (cited by Cook and Collins, p. 108) says that the wood of this tree is handsome, strong, and very resistant, of ordinary weight and hard- ness, fibrous in texture and fine-grained. Local name, caiafistula cimarrona. 3. Cassia quinquangulata L. (Urban, 272.) Shrub 2.5 to 3 meters high or a small tree about 10 meters high; branches angular; leaflets 2-jugate, obliquely ovate, shortly and obtusely acuminate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, the lower sometimes smaller, shining above, yellow-pubescent beneath, the glands slender, between each pair of leaflets; flowers in short racemes, usually arranged in a terminal panicle; sepals ovate, petals 1.2 to 1.6 em, long. Flowers from September to December. Near Bayamon in a copse; Sierra de Naguabo, on slopes along the Rio Blanco; near Juncos, on Mount Florida; near Hato Grande, on Mount Gregorio; between Gurabo and Caguas; near Aibonito, at La Lima; near Maricao, in mountain forests.—St. Thomas, St. Kitts. Guiana, Brazil. 4, Cassia bicapsularis L. (Urban, 273.) Shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long; leaflets 3 to 4 em, long, 1 to 2.em. wide; sepals membranous, obtuse, 8 to 11 mm. long; petals yellow, 1.7 to 1.9 cm. long; legurfe erect or somewhat curved, 9 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em, wide. Near Fajardo in thickets on the coast; near Pefuelas; near Yauco, on Mount Duey; on calcareous mountains near Cabo Rojo; near Mayaguez.— Bermuda (introduced, Hemsley), Bahama (Grisebach), Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grise- bach), Guadéloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada, Curagao. Tropical and subtropical South America, very common, extending from south Brazil to Central America; frequently sent also in collections from tropical Asia, but there only in cultivation. Madeira. Local names, sen del pais, hoja de sen. 5. Cassia stahlii Urb. (Urban, 273.) Shrub 2 to 4 meters high; leaflets 5-jugate, the upper oval or elliptical, 2.5 to 3 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide,.the lower orbicular-oval, | cm. long; glands of the common petiole interpetiolular, oblong-linear; racemes long and many-flowered; flowers pur- ple-veined; sepals 6 to 7 mm, long; petals 10 to 13 mm. long; legume erect, 12 to 15cm. long, 1.5 em. wide, linear. In mountain forests between Guayama and Guamani; near Cayey, on the river Morillos; near Aibonito, at La Lima. Indigenous. (. stahlii resembles in habit the closely related species C. bicapsularis, but differs from it in its longer inflorescence, much longer pedicels, and 5-jugate leaflets. 6. Cassia laevigata Willd. (Urban, 273.) Shrub 2 to 3 meters high, glabrous; leaflets 3 or 4-jugate, ovate-oblong to lanceolate, 5 to 8 em, long, 2 to 3 em. wide; common petiole 10 to 12.5 em. long, channelled, with oblong or cylindrical interpetiolular glands; basal glands none; flewers in axil- PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 159 lary or terminal racemes; calyx 6 mm. long, petals 1.6 cm. long; legumes erect, thinly coriaceous or chartaceous, obtuse, apiculate, 7.5 to 8 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide, tardily dehiscent into 2 valves; seeds horizontal, shining. Near Juncos on Mount Florida; near Adjuntas, in the river valley at La Galsa and on Mount Cienega at La Lucia; near Utuado; near Maricao, on Mount Alegrillo.— Jamaica, Martinique (cultivated), Tropical and subtropical America, chiefly in waste and cultivated places. Brazil, Guiana, Colombia, Central America, Mexico, and also in similar situations in tropical Asia, west Africa, and Australia, probably in most places introduced. Like other common weeds of cultivation, this is a variable species, but it is always readily recognized by its acute or acuminate glabrous leaflets, with glands between all the pairs, or all but the terminal. Cassia laevigata and C. chamaecrista, in their respective habitats, are used as a substitute for the genuine senna leaves, folia sennae. Local names, sen del pais, yerba hedionda macho. 7. Cassia occidentalis L. (Urban, 273.) Stem firmly herbaceous or woody below, annual of 2 or 3 years’ duration, erect, a few feet in height often forming dense bushy masses; leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm. wide; common petiole without interpetiolular glands, but with a short obtuse gland near the base, black when dry; flowers in short few-flowered axillary racemes or fascicles; sepals obtuse, 6 to 8.5 mm. long, glabrous; petals obtuse, 1.5 cm, long; legume linear, compressed, 7 to 11 em. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, 2-valved, rather coriaceous, margined with straight sutures, Near Bayamon; near Maricao, in pastures; near Mayaguez.—Bermuda (introduced, Hemsley), South Florida (Chapman), Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p- 249), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. Tropical America, Asia, and Africa; very abundant in waste and cultivated places. Probably of Ameri- can origin; not yet received from Australia. The foliage and inflorescence of this species are generally nearly those of C. laevi- gata, except as to the gland, which is always below the lower pair of leaflets, and usually very near the base of the petiole, not between the leaflets. The root of Cassia occidentalis, cortex fedegozo, is a valued remedy for intermittent fever, and by the American Indians is thought to be an antidote against various poisons. Seeds and leaves are both used medicinally. In the West Indies the negroes apply the leaves smeared with grease in cutaneous diseases of men and of animals. The roasted seeds, known as Sudan coffee, are used as a substitute for coffee. Local name, hedionda. Cassia ligustrina LL. (C. occidentalis variety glabra Stahl) is cultivated in gardens near Bayamon and Manati. It is native in Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, and Haiti. 8. Cassia tora L. (Urban, 274.) Stem annual, erect or ascending 0.75 to 1 meter high; leaflets 2 or 3-jugate; obovate or obovate-oblong, varying from 1.5 to 3.5 or 5 cm. in length; common petiole with conspicuous narrow-cylindrical glands between at: least the lower pinnae; flowers usually in pairs or solitary, axillary, with or without a short common peduncle; sepals 6 to 8mm. long; petals 13 to 17.5 mm, long; legumes elongate, curved, narrow-linear, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, dehiscent; seeds arranged lengthwise. 25734—vo_ 10, pr 4—07 3 160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo around Hacienda Carmelita; near Mayaguez at the fortress.—Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 249), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. Tropical and subtropical America, Asia, Africa, and Australia, generally common in cultivated and waste places; in the United States extending as far north as Virginia, Indiana, and Arkansas. This plant is striking on account of its narrow linear curved legumes, which are oblong-quadrate in section, The young leaves, in spite of their disagreeable odor, are used as a vegetable, while both the leaves and seeds constitute a valuable remedy in skin diseases. The seeds when roasted and ground are said to yield a decoction which is reported to be in every respect as good as coffee. Local name, dormidera. 9, Cassia alata L.¢ (Urban, 275.) An erect glabrous or subglabrous shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves 30 to 60 or 90 em. long, rachis acutely margined above when dry, glandular, with a prominent trans- verse ridge connecting the opposite leaflets; leaflets 9 to 12-jugate, upper larger leaflets obovate-elliptical, 7.5 to 17.5 cm. long, firmly membranous; flowers light yellow, in axillary or terminal racemes; sepals | cm. long; petals obovate, 1.5 to 1.9 em, long, the claw 2 to 3 mm. long; legume 2-valved, coriaceous, 12.5 to 15 cm. long, | to 2 em, wide, each valve with a very prominent crenate longitudinal wing extending its entire length and incurved toward the ventral suture, Wild and cultivated, near Bayamon, in gardens; near Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte River; near Maricao, on the bank of the river near Mayaguez.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas (Grisebach), St. John, St. Croix (Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada. Widely spread in the Tropics of both hemispheres, though probably indigenous only in America. This is the only Cassia species in Porto Rico in which the legume is winged. The large leaflets connected by a transverse ridge make it easily recognized. From the leaves, especially in Java and South America, is made a remedy used in skin diseases and they were formerly officinal under the name of folia cassiae herpetica. Local names, talantala, talantro. 10. Cassia polyphylla Jacq. (Urban, 274.) Shrub 2 to 4 meters high or tree 15 meters high; leaflets 5 to 15-jugate (often 10 to 12- jugate), minute, 4.5 to 6.5 mm, long, 3 to 4 mm. wide: flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves; sepals 7 mm. long; petals 1.7 cm. long; pedicels 1.5 to 2 em, long, slender; legume 15 cm. long. Near Guayama; near Coamo, at San Ildefonso and on the declivities of Mount Santana; along roads between Aibonito and Coamo; near Ponce, at Penon; near Juana Diaz, at Escalabrado; near Guanica, in littoral thickets; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, in the seashore woods of Mount Juliana.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix. Tropical America. . This differs from all the other Porto Rico Cassia species in its small fasciculate leaves and its minute leaflets. 11. Cassia emarginata L. (Urban, 274.) Shrub 3 to 10 or tree 15 meters high; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide; flowers golden yellow, in racemes which are solitary or fasciculate in the axils of the a For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 39, facing p. 159 (as Herpetica alata). PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 161 leaves; sepals 4 to 6.5 mm. long; petals 6.5 to 11 mm. wide; legume 17 to 30 em. long, 0.6 to 1 em. wide. Near Coamo, in thickets between Serillos and Salinas and toward Bafios and in woods on Mount San Ildefonso; between Salinas and St. Isabel.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Guadeloupe, St. Vincent (Grisebach), Margarita. Colombia, Central America. 12, Cassia diphylla L.a (Urban, 275.) Annual, suffrutescent, glabrous, 0.33 to 1 meter high; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 0.8 to 1.25 cm. wide; stipules large, very acute, scarious; sepals 6.5 to 13 mm. long; petals shorter than the sepals; legume 3 to 5 cm. long, 6 mm. wide; seeds oblong, oblique to the margins of the legume. Near Bayamon, on declivities toward Toa Baja; near Santurce; near Humacao, on grassy declivities at Buenavista; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, on the seashore and on Mount Juliana; near Rincon, in rocky places on the mountains; near Aguada, in fields at Piedra Blanca; near Manati, around the lagoon of Tortuguero in sandy districts near Campo.—Cuba, Haiti, St. Kitts (Grisebach), St. Vincent. Tropical America: from Brazil to Central America and Mexico. Cassia diphylla is easily recognized, as it is the only Porto Rican Cassia species with but one pair of leaflets. Local names, hediondilla, zarzabacoa. 13. Cassia portoricensis Urb. (Urban, 275.) Small shrub, 0.25 to 0.60 meters high; leaflets 8 to 15 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; stipules lanceolate, acuminate; inflorescence 1 or 2-flowered; sepals lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, 6.5 to 8 mm. long; petals obovate or orbicular-obovate, 12 to 15 mm. long, short-clawed; stamens 8. Cassia portoricensis callosa Urp. (Urban, 275.) Leaflets on the margin callose-incrassate, glabrous or subpilose; inflorescence usually 2-flowered. Near Guayanilla, on calcareous mountains near Peflon; near Mayaguez. Local name, retama. Cassia portoricensis granulata Urb. (Urban, 275.) Shrub 0.3 to 1 meter high; leaflets not callose on the margin, pilose; inflorescence I-flowered. Near Ponce, on the harbor; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo, in forests of the seashore; near Guanica, in thickets on Mount El Manicl and in salty places on the seashore, Indigenous. Local name, escobilla. This species is distinguished from the related species by its subcoriaceous, oblique leaves. @Cook and Collins, p. 112, as Chamaecrista diphylla. 6Cook and Collins, p. 113, as Chamaecrista portoricensis. 162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 14. Cassia glandulosa L.« (Urban, 276.) A herbaceous or suffrutescent plant 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 8 cm. long; leaflets oblong-linear, membranous; peduncle 1 to 3-flowered; sepals 1 cm. long; petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long, yellow; stamens red; legume 3 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide. In sandy districts near Bayamon,; Sierra de Naguabo, on the rocks on Mount Piedra Palada and on the banks of the Rio Blanco; between Aibonito and Algarrobo, along roads; between Aibonito and Coamo, on precipices; near Utuado, on declivities at Pellejas and at Mameyes and in rocky districts at Los Angeles; near Sabana Grande, on the banks of the River Estero; near Arecibo.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach).— Tropical South America: Brazil, Guiana, Colombia. Cassia glandulosa has often (as by Linnaeus himself) been confounded with other species, but it can be distinguished from Cassia chamaecrista in that its petiole bears a stipitate gland between the lowest pair of leaflets (and sometimes several below the upper pairs) and in that the pairs of leaflets are usually much more numerous. — Cassia chamaecrista has sessile depressed glands, Local name, tamarindillo, hediondilla. 15. Cassia mirabilis (Poll.) Urb. (Urban, 276.) Stem suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves pinnate, 2 cm. long; petiole 1.5 cm. long, with two stipitate glands; leaflets 10 to 17-jugate, 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, oblong, rounded at both ends, papyraceous, glabrous on both sides, shortly petiolulate, mucronate; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 3 mm. long; flowers yellow; legumes 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, brown, glabrous, papyraccous, apiculate. Near Manati, in sandy soil on the edge of Tortuguero Lagoon at Campo Alegre; between Manati and Vega Baja in sandy soil; near Dorado, in the meadows of the coast. 16. Cassia nictitans L. (Urban, 276.) Annual, herbaceous or suffrutescent, pubescent, with curved hairs, or glabrescent; leaflets 12 to 25-(rarely 5-) jugate, 0.4 to 1 em. long, oblong-linear, mucronulate, slightly oblique at the base, penninerved, striate with veins; petiole bearing a stipitate gland below the lowest pair; stipules exceeding the insertion point of the gland, acuminate from a lanceolate, oblique base; peduncle 1-(to 3-) flowered, much exceeded by the leaves; stamens 5 to 7 (or even 10); legume bearing scattered curved hairs; petals 0.6 to 0.8 em. long.—Variable in the petiolar glands, which are long-stipitate or subses- sile. Near Bayamon; near Santurce; near Juncos, on Mount Santo de Leon; near Maunabo, at Punta de la Tuna; near Aibonito, on precipices toward Coamo; near Coamo, in meadows between Serillos and Salinas; between Penuelas and Tallaboa Alta, on the roadside; near Sabana Grande, on the bank of the Estero River; near Guanica, in thickets on the seashore at Cafio Gordo; near Mayaguez; near Maricao, in pastures; near Rincon, in the mountains at Calvache.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Margarita, Curacao, Mexico, subtrop- ical and temperate North America. @Cook and Collins, p. 113, as Chamaecrista glandulosa PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 163 20. KRAMERIA Loefl. Krameria Lorru. Iter Hisp. 195. 1758, Calyx with 4 or 5 subequal, imbricate, more or less corollaceous segments, the outer one somewhat larger than the others; petals 4 or 5, narrower than the calyx segments, the upper ones subequal, long-clawed, sometimes free, sometimes connate, the middle one often folded, the 2 lower ones reduced to thick, short, fleshy scales; stamens 3 or 4, hypogynous, the anthers basifixed, opening by an oblique introrse pore; ovary sessile with 2 collateral, hanging, anatropous seeds; style cylindrical, pointed; legume globose or somewhat compressed, aculeate or weakly spinous, indehiscent; seeds exalbumi- nous.—Shrubs or herbs, often decumbent and silky-tomentose; leaves simple or rarely digitate (leaflets 3); flowers purple, axillary, sometimes in leafy racemes; bracts 2, at or above the middle of the peduncle; filaments free, or connate half their length. 1. Krameria ixina L. (Urban, 277.) Plant 0.5 to 1 meter high; stem erect, branched, woody below, villous-pubescent; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, mucronate; flowers racemose, purple or dark purple; pedicels short, bibracteolate about the middle; sepals 4, pubescent externally; posterior petals connected at the base; stamens 4; spines of pericarp glochidiate. Between Ponce and Guayanilla, on calcareous rocks of the coast; near Ponce, on the harbor and at Pefion; near Guanica, in littoral thickets at Salinas and on the declivities at Punta de los Pescadores; near Cabo Rojo, in forests near the seashore.—Haiti, St. Thomas, Antigua (Grisebach), Curagao (Vahl), Colombia. 21. PARKINSONIA L. Parkinsonia L. Sp. Pl. 1:75. 1753. Calyx with a short receptacle and 5 subequal, membranous, slightly imbricate seg- ments; petals 5, nearly equal, the posterior one the widest; stamens 10, their filaments villous at the base; ovary free, in the fundus of the receptacle, substipitate, multiovu- late; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; legume narrowly linear, narrowed to each end, usually constricted between the subdistant seeds, scarcely or not at all dehiscent; valves thinly coriaceous, longitudinally reticulate-striate; seeds oblong, longitudinally disposed, albuminous.—Trees or shrubs with thorny stipules; leaves bipinnate; com- mon petiole very short, spine-pointed: pinnae 2 to 4, with the rachis much elongated, flattened, bearing numerous, opposite or scattered, very small leaflets, which are occa- sionally abortive; flowers yellow, in lax axillary racemes; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles wanting. 1. Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Urban, 277.) Small trees or shrubs; common petiole only | to 2 mm. long: pinnae | or 2-jugate; secondary petioles winged, linear, acuminate, 16 to 36 cm. long; leaflets minute, oblong or obovate, 4 to 5mm. long, | to 2 mm. wide, blunt, the uppermost (or many) abortive; flowers yellow, in lax axillary racemes, 9 to 16 em. long; calyx 7 mm. high; corolla suborbicular, | cm. in diameter; legume 8 to 9 em. long, | em. wide, constricted between the seeds. Near Fajardo on the seashore between Guayama and Guamani along roads; near Mayaguez; near Quebradillas.—Florida Keys, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), 164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Antigua, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Cannouan (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Union (do.), Barbados (Grisebach), Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach), Mar- garita. Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. In the Old World, however, it is a cultivated plant. From the bark and leaves is made a medicament used in all wasting diseases; from the flowers and seeds another used for intermittent fever. The bast is employed in the manufacture of paper. Its whitish, close-grained wood is used for fuel and also makes good charcoal. The plant is easily recognized on account of its peculiar habit. The primary petioles are very short, the pinnae extremely long and spine-pointed, the leaflets minute and sometimes almost abortive. Local names, palo de rayo, flor de rayo. Jerusalem thorn (Cook and Collins). 22. HAEMATOXYLUM I.. Haematorylum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 384. 1753, Calyx with a short receptacle; segments 5, subequal, deeply imbricate; petals 5, oblong, spreading, nearly equal, imbricate in estivation; stamens 10, free, nearly erect; filaments slightly pilose at the base; ovary subsessile, free, 2 or 3 ovulate; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; legume lanceolate, compressed, membranous, adher- ing at the sutures, separating lengthwise in the middle of the valves into 2 boat-shaped false valves; seeds transverse, oblong, the chalaza ventral, albuminous.—Glabrous trees, the leaves paripinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets obovate, paucijugate; stipules sometimes spinous, sometimes small and caducous; flowers yellow, small, in lax axillary racemes; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles wanting. 1. Haematoxylum campechianum L. (Urban, 277.) Tree 5 meters high, the branches white-barked, often spiny; leaves paripinnate; leaflets 3 or 4-jugate, obovate, retuse, glabrous, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; flowers yellow; calyx 4 mm. long; petals oblong-obovate, 6 mm. long. Near Ponce, on the seashore; near Cabo Rojo, toward Puerta Real, on roadsides; near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa; near Isabela, in forests near the seashore.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. This tree is indigenous in Mexico and in Central America. It is widely diffused, however, either under cultivation or naturalized, in the West Indies, especially Jamaica, and in the northern part of South America, as well as in some parts of tropical Asia. From the blood-red heartwood of the tree (which becomes black on exposure to the air) is made logwood (campeachy-wood), an exceedingly valuable dyestuff. The important crystalline principle of this wood, haematoxylin (C,,H,, O,),is much use as a dyestuff to produce blue, violet, and black. The most valuable logwood comes from the west coast of Yucatan, the least valuable from the Antilles. The wood is of value in cabinet work, and the bark contains a gum from which one kind of India ink, also called Chinese ink, ismade. In the countries where the tree is indigenous the the bark, bast, and legumes are used by the people medicinally. Local names, palo de campeche, campeche. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 165 23. POINCIANA L. Poinciana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1763. Poincia Neck. Elem. 2: 449. 1790. Deloniy Rar. Sylva Tellur. 2: 92. 1836. Calyx with a very short turbinate receptacle, sometimes with almost none; seg- ments 5, nearly equal, valvate in estivation; petals 5, round, imbricate, nearly equal, or the posterior one different from the others; stamens 10, free, deflexed; filaments slightly villous at the base, toward the top inflexed; ovary sessile, free, multiovulate; stvle filiform, stigma terminal, ciliolate, but slightly dilated; legume coriaceous, elongated, compressed, obliquely veined, 2-valved, with tissue between the seeds; seeds compressed, ellipsoidal or oblong, transversely disposed, alburninous.—Unarmed trees; leaves bipinnate: leaflets small, numerous; stipules obscure; flowers hand- some, orange or scarlet, corymbose at the ends of the branches; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles wanting. 1. Poinciana regia Boj.; Hook. (Urban, 278.) Tree 15 to 20 meters high; leaves 20 to 40 cm. long; pinnae 8 to 20-jugate, multi- foliolate; leaflets oblong, 7 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, blunt at each extremity, upon very short petioles; flowers scarlet; calyx 2.5 cm. long; petals 5.5 cm. long, the claw 2 em. long, the lamina orbicular, 3.5 cm. in diameter; vexillum white with a pinkish tint; legume 12 to 37 cm. long, 3 to 4.5 cm. wide. Cultivated and seemingly wild in Fajardo on the public square’; in Cabo Rojo, in the market place; near Mayaguez.—Bahama, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guade- loupe (Duss), Martinique, Margarita. Native of Madagascar, but cultivated on account of its beauty on the east and west coasts of Africa, in India, and in other parts of the Tropics. This magnificent tree, with its bright scarlet flowers and fern-like leaves, is the handsomest of the Caesalpinioideae. Wood white, light, soft, and loose-grained; takes a fine polish. Local names, flamboydn, flamboydn colorado. 24. CAESALPINIA L. Caesalpinia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1753. Calyx with short or very short receptacle; segments 5, imbricate, the lowermost one concave or boat-shaped and usually larger than the others; petals 5, orbicular, sometimes oblong, spreading, strongly imbricate, subequal or the uppermost one smaller; stamens 10, free, deflexed; filaments usually villous or glandular at the base; ovary sessile, free, the ovules few; style terete, often filiform, sometimes clavate at the top; stigma terminal, truncate or concave; legume ovoid, oblong, lanceolate or faleate, compressed, sometimes with thickened sutures, coriaceous, flat or turgid, sometimes 2-valved, sometimes indehiscent or later slightly 2-valved, often pulpy between the seeds; seeds tranyserse, ovoid or globose, exalbuminous (or albuminous in C. pulcherrima).—Trees or often high-climbing shrubs, unarmed or with scattered prickles; leaves bipinnate; leaflets small and numerous or large and few, membranous or coriaccous; stipules various; flowers yellow or red, often hand- some, in lax simple or panicled racemes, axillary or on the ends of the branches. Bracts wanting. 4 For illustration see Cook and Collins, pl. 54, facing p. 223. 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The five Porto Rican species of this genus belong to four different sections. C. bondue and C. crista are included in section 1, Guilandina. They are aculeate, scandent shrubs with membranous leaflets and echinate legumes. C. sepiaria belongs to section 3, Sappania. It is a prickly climbing shrub with seeds that are as long as wide, and glabrous legumes. C. pulcherrima, a shrub with beautiful fragrant flowers, is contained in section 4, Caesalpinaria. The long-exserted anthers and small membranous leaflets are also noticeable. C. gilliesti, worthy of notice on account of its minute leaflets and lanceolate legumes, is included in section 6, Erythrostemon. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers rather small with subsessile bracts, in spikes; petiole with prickles; legume with prickles. With stipules; bracts of the pedicels horizontal, curved; seeds lead-colored. 1. C. erista. Without stipules; bracts of the pedicels erect; seeds yellow. 2. C. bondue. Flowers large, long-stipitate, without bracts, in showy racemes; ‘ legume without prickles. Petioles with prickles; leaves pilose. 3. C. sepiaria. Petioles without prickles; leaves glabrous. Flowers showy, yellow; pedicels and petioles glandular; legume glandular. 4. C. gilliesti. Flowers showy, scarlet; pedicels and petioles glabrous; legume glabrous. 5. C. pulcherrima. 1. Caesalpinia crista L. (Urban, 278.) Shrub, scandent, 4 meters high, aculeate; leaves bipinnate; leaflets 8 to 12-jugate, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. long, shortly and obtusely acuminate, membranous or subchartaceous; stipules conspicuous, cut into large segments; bracts beneath the buds horizontal or curved; flowers rusty yellow, calyx lobes 7 mm. long; petals ovate- oblong, 1 cm. long; legume oblique, 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm. wide, turgid; seeds lead-colored. In coast districts near Bayamon; near Humacao, in copses at Punta Candelero; near Patillas, around Guardaraya; near Guanica, in thickets at Salinas; near Maya- guez at Guanajibo.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Florida Keys, Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bar- tholomew, Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248), Barbados, Grenada. Tropics of Asia, Africa, and Amer- ica, Australia, and New Guinea. | , Every part of the plant (root, leaves, seeds, bark) is valuable medicinally. There appears to be a difference of opinion regarding the properties of the roots, but all authors agree in extolling the virtues of the seed. For making bracelets, necklaces, and rosaries the seeds are much used, and in some countries the children use them for marbles. Local names, mato de playa, mato azul. Cuba, guacalote prieto (Law, Morales), St. Thomas, gray nickars (Eggers); St. Croix, nickars (West); Guadeloupe, canique grise, oeil de chat (Duchassaing, Duss); Martinique, yeux de chat (Duss, Hahn); Gre- nada, horse-eye, quashi (Broadway). PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 167 2. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. (Urban, 278.) Prickly trailing shrubs; leaves paripinnate; stipules none; primary and secondary petioles puberulous, bearing recurved prickles; leaflets 5 to 8-jugate; ovate or ellip- tical, shortly acuminate, subcoriaceous, 4 to 8 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide; flowers yellow; bracts beneath the buds erect; legume broadly ovate-oblong, convex- compressed, prickly; seeds yellow. Near Isabela.—Florida Keys, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Cockerell), Haiti (Plu- mier), Florida, Mexico, Java, Sumatra, Amboina, East Indies (Baker). Local names, matos de playa. Cuba, guacalote amarillo (Sagra & Sauv.); Jamaica, nicker tree (Sloane). 3. Caesalpinia sepiaria Roxb. (Urban, 279.) Shrub diffuse or trailing, 2 to 8 meters high, prickly, puberulous above; pinnae 6 to 10- (rarely 4-) jugate; leaflets 8 to 12-jugate, oblong, rounded, or subtruncate, 1 to 1.7 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, pale and puberulous or glabrescent beneath; stipules semisagittate, deciduous; petals 1.5 cm, long, slightly exceeding the calyx; filaments shortly exserted, villous below; legume flat-compressed, at length tumid, 6 to 6.25 cm. long, 1.5 em. wide. Cultivated and seemingly spontancous near Bayamon; near Pepino, along roadsides; around Enea; between San German and Lajas Arriba, along roadsides; near Maricao on declivities.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vin- cent, Barbados, Grenada. Introduced from the East Indies, but naturalized in all of the Antilles. Caesalpinia sepiaria is useful for making hedges. Local name, zarza; Guadeloupe and Martinique, croc @ chien, arréte-baufs, fern- ambouc, gendarme, arréte-negre. 4, Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall. (Urban, 279.) Tree, 1 to 4 meters high, unarmed; branches at first glandular; leaves imparipin- nate; pinnae 10 to 20-jugate; leaflets 8 to 15-jugate, petioles glandular, subsessile, oblong, obtuse, 4 to 8 mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, membranous; racemes 15 to 30 cm. long, simple; pedicels 2 to 3 cm, long, glandular-viscous; calyx lobes oblong, 2 to 2.5 em. long; petals broadly obovate, 2.75 to 3.5 cm. long, yellow; legume oblique, slightly faleate, compressed, glandular, 7.5 cm. long; seeds ovate, Cultivated near Guanica. Native country, Argentina. Local name, espiga de amor. 5. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. (Urban, 279.) Tree, small, glabrous, 3 to 5 meters high; branches unarmed, often with a glaucous bloom; leaves bipinnate, 12 to 24 cm. long; pinnae 4 to 9-jugate; leaflets 5 to 12-jugate, obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 2 em. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; racemes terminal and from upper axils, bearing many showy, variegated, yellow and carmine, or rarely pale yellow, flowers on long pedicels (5 to 7.5 cm.); calyx lobes glabrous, about 9 mm. long; petals usually 1 to 2.5 cm. long; legume coriaceous, flat, 5 to 9 em. long, 1.5 em. broad above, glabrous; seeds obovate-quadrate, compressed, 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Yabucoa; near Utuado, at Salto Arriba; near Mayaguez.—Florida Keys, Bahama (Dolley), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitcheock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Barbados (Sloane), Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach). The plant is also found in America, Asia, and Africa. Native country unknown. This elegant bush remains in flower all the year. In one variety the flowers are red, in another yellow. The leaves, flowers, and seeds are largely used in native medicine. Local name, clavellina. Cuba, cwacamaya (Sagra); Jamaica, flower fence of Barbados or wild senna or Spanish carnation (Sloane), Barbados pride (P. Brown, Macfadyen); France, poinciade or fleurs de paradis (Jacquin); Haiti, poincellade (Jager, Buch); Danish Islands, dudeldu (Eggers); Guadeloupe, baraguette (Duchassaing, Duss); Mar- tinique, arréte-beufs (Duss); Barbados, flower fence or Spanish carnation (Hughes); Tobago, dudeldu (Eggers). 25. MYROSPERMUM Jacq. Myrospermum Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760. Calusia Bert.; DC. Prod. 2: 94. 1825, as section. Calyx inflexed-turbinate, with very short, wide, membranous teeth; standard obovate, the 4 inferior petals free, almost alike, curved, lanceolate, acute; stamens free, persistent, with long filaments and small anthers; ovary stipitate, 2 to many- seeded; style subulate, almost straight, with a small terminal stigma; pod stipitate, compressed, indehiscent, with one seed at the apex, narrowed to the base, 2-winged, the wing of the upper suture broader than that of the lower; seeds oblong.—Tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets with pellucid lines and dots; flowers rather large, in terminal racemes. 1. Myrospermum frutescens Jacq. (Urban, 279.) A small tree, 3 to 5 meters high or a large one 20 meters high; leaflets 5 to 7-jugate, 2 to 2.5 em. long, membranaceous, oblong or oval, roundish, retuse or blunt at the apex, glabrous, striate with pellucid lines; flowers white, the standard striped in the middle with green; legume 5 to 7.5 cm. long (including the wing), as broad as the wing, which tapers at the base into a short stalk. Cultivated and seemingly wild near Coamo; near Pefiuelas, near Utuado, ina thicket of Coffea arabica at San Andres; near Mayaguez.—St. Croix (Eggers). Native country Trinidad, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela. Local names, ceretpo, sereipo. 26. ORMOSIA Jacks. Ormosia Jacks. Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 360. pls. 25, 27. i811. Macrotropis DC, Prod. 2: 98. 1825. Calyx campanulate with the 2 upper teeth subconnate and usually longer and wider, often incurved; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular or cordate; wings oblique, obovate-oblong; keel with the petals free; stamens free, unequal, all or all but one or two perfect; anthers versatile; ovary subsessile, biovulate or multiovulate; style filiform, involute at the apex; stigma introrse, lateral; pod oblong or more rarely linear, usually short, compressed, coriaceous, fleshy or woody, 2-valved, continuous or septate between the seeds; seeds obovate or oblong, rather thick, shiny, scarlet or spotted with black.—Trees with imparipinnate or abruptly pinnate leaves; leaflets coriaceous; flowers white, lilac, or blackish purple in terminal, more rarely axillary, panicles, sometimes in racemes. PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 169 1. Ormosia krugii Urb. (Urban, 280.) Tree 10 to 25 meters high; leaves 7 to 9-foliolate; petioles 20 cm. long; leaflets 7 to 15 mm. long, petiolulate, oval or oval-elliptical, obovate or ovate, rounded or truncate at the top, rounded or subtruncate at the base, 7 to 25 cm. long, 3.5 to 14 em, wide, coriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower surface with minute adpressed hairs; inflores- cence sometimes 35 em. long, axillary or terminal, paniculate or subcorymbose; calyx 10 mm. long, pilose; petals dark violet; standard suborbicular, 12 mm. wide, spotted with white or pale yellow; wings oblique, obovate-cuneate, keel petals free, oblique, oblong, 13 to 14 mm. long; ovary 4 to 6-ovulate: pod 10 em. long, 2 em. wide, con- stricted between the seeds; seeds suborbicular or obovate-orbicular, 10 to 12 mm. long, 6 to 9 mm. thick, carmine-red or spotted with black. [In the primeval woods near Bayamon; near Juncos, on Mount Guvuy; Sierra de las Piedras, on Mount Frances; near Yabucoa, on Mount Piedra Azul at Jacana and on Mount Cerro Gordo; near Adjuntas, on Mount Andubo and Mount Cedro; near Utuado, at Roncador; in Sierra de Lares at Guajataca.—Dominica at Castle Bruce. Local names, matos or palo de matos, peronia. 27. SOPHORA I. Sophora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 373. 1753. Calyx teeth short; standard obovate or orbicular, erect or spreading; wings oblong, oblique; keel oblong, nearly straight, its petals usually imbricate or coherent along the back; stamens perigynous or nearly hypogynous, free or rarely slightly connate at the base; anthers versatile; ovary short-stalked, multiovulate; style incurved; stigma minute, terminal; pod moniliform, terete or slightly compressed, coriaceous and indehiscent in our species; cotyledons thick, the radicle sometimes straight and short, sometimes longer and inflexed.—Trees or shrubs with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets sometimes small and numerous, sometimes few and large, often with stipels: flowers white, rarely a bluish-violet, in simple terminal racemes, these sometimes aggregated in panicles. 1. Sophora tomentosa IL. (Urban, 280.) A robust, erect shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches densely argenteous; petiole 2.5 em. long; rachis 5 to 10 em. long; leaflets 15 to 19, nearly sessile, oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long, slightly mucronate, the base slightly rounded, subcoriaceous, both sides densely and permanently coated with adpressed gray-silvery tomentum; flowers in lax 12 to 3()-flowered axillary and terminal racemes; pedicels 0.6 to 1.2 em, long, argenteous, with a lanceolate or linear bract at the base; calyx campanulate, 6 to 8 mm. deep, subtruncate, argenteous; corolla, bright yellow, 1.8 em. deep; pod 12.5 to 15 cm. long, with 5 to 8 coriaceous segments 6 to 8 mm. thick, connected by narrow necks. Near Guanica, at Salinas; near Mayaguez in coast districts toward Guanajibo.— Bermuda (Hemsley), South Florida (Chapman), Bahama (Hitchcock), Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe (do.), Marie Galante, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 248). A cosmopolitan of the Tropics, often found on the seashore. 170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 28. CROTALARIA IL. Crotalaria LL. Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753. Clavulium Desv. Ann. Sec. Nat. 9: 407. 1826. Maria- Antonia-Paru. Mar. Ant. Nov. Gen. 3. 1844. Calyx laciniae free or more rarely the two upper ones and the three lower ones more or less united; standard orbicular, more rarely ovate, usually callous above the short claw; wings oblong or obovate, shorter than the standard; keel incurved or angled, terminating inwards in a straight or incurved beak, rarely almost obtuse and not beaked; stamens all united in a sheath open along the upper side; anthers alternately long and erect and short and versatile; ovary sessile or distinctly stalked, with 2 or more ovules; style much incurved or suddenly bent inward, with a longitudinal line of hairs above the middle on the inner side; stigma terminal; pod round or oblong, turgid or inflated, 2-valved, continuous within; seeds with a filiform funiculus.— Herbs, shrubs, or undershrubs; leaves alternate, simple or digitately compound with usually 3, rarely 1 or 5 or 7 leaflets; stipules free from the petiole, occasionally decur- rent along the stem, sometimes large and foliaceous, sometimes small, rarely wanting; flowers yellow, more rarely blue or. purple, in simple racemes terminal, becoming sometimes leaf-opposed, more rarely solitary; bracteoles small, on the peduncle or adnate to the calyx tube, rarely wanting. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves simple (Section StmpiiciroLiAké Benth. ). Stipules foliaceous, broadly decurrent, with a semilunar, incurved top; leaves oval or oblong, sessile or subsessile; peduncle lat- eral, elongated, few-flowered; calyx 5-parted, usually as long as the corolla. . Peduncles reaching 10 cm.; flowers many; leaves reaching 7 cm.; pods stipitate, 1. C. stipularia, Peduncles short, about 3-flowered; leaves 5 em. long; pod subsessile. 2. C. sagittalis. Stipules wanting; leaves cuneate-oblong, shortly petioled, retuse or very obtuse or faintly mucronate at the top; flowers in lax terminal, elongated, many-flowered racemes; calyx bilabiate, exceeded by the corolla. 3. C. retusa. Leaves digitately trifoliolate (Section TrIFOLIOLATAE Baker). Racemes both lateral and terminal, laxly 6 to 12-flowered, 5 to 10 em. long, on peduncles 2.5 to LO cm. long; corolla bright yel- low; leaflets obovate or orbicular, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, the com- mon petiole 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long; pod oblong, broad, turgid, clothed with fine spreading hairs like those of stem. 4, C. ineana. Flowers | to 4 together in the axils of many of the leaves, if more than one racemose or umbellate; corolla yellow, faintly veined; leaflets elliptical-lanceolate, 1 to 2 em. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide, common petiole 2 to 3.5 em. long; peduncles short, 5mm. long; pod glabrescent. or C. lotifolia, |. Crotalaria stipularia Desv. (Urban, 280.) Annual, erect, 0.33 meter high or higher; leaflets oval or oblong, 2.5 to 7 em. long, 1 to 2.25 em. wide, sessile, subhirsute-pubescent on both sides; peduncle 5 cm. long; flowers yellow, small; calyx 5-parted, usually as long as the corolla, fulvopilose; PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 171 segments lanceolate; corolla about | em. long; legume 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 8 mm. wide, glabrous. Near Bayamon along roads; near Coamo; near Mayaguez, on hills at Boquillas and in coast districts at Algarrobo.—Cuba, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Mar- tinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad (Grisebach), Mexico. Frequent in the warmer regions of South America. Local name, cascabelillo. 2. Crotalaria sagittalis L. (Urban, 280.) Annual, hairy; stem 10 to 20 (sometimes 30) cm. high, erect, branching; leaves simple, oval or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, pubescent with long, soft hairs, scarcely petioled; stipules occasionally wholly wanting, usually present, united and decurrent on the stem, obversely sagittate, nearly all, but especially those of the upper leaves, large, the free portion triangular-lanceolate; peduncles rather short, about 3-flowered, opposite the leaves; corolla rather shorter than the calyx; legume scarcely stipitate, coriaceous, several-seeded; seeds small, shining, black when ripe, rattling in the inflated legume. Near Bayamon, in fields on the coast at Catano; near Yauco on Mount Duey.— Jamaica, Haiti, North America, Mexico, and as far as Peru. 3. Crotalaria retusa L. (Urban, 281.) Annual, erect, 1 meter high; leaflets 5.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, very short- petioled, glabrous above, sericeo-canescent beneath; raceme 15 to 30 cm. long; flowers yellow, the standard variegated; calyx bilabiate, exceeded by the corolla; corolla 1.5 to 2.25 em. long; legume 3 cm. long, 1.25 cm, wide, glabrous. Near Bayamon along roads; near Catafio; near Cabeza de San Juan; near Maunabo, at Punta de la Tuna; near Patillas, in coast districts at Guardaraya; near Cabo Rojo in pastures; near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bar- tholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 244), Union (do.), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. Found in the warm regions of the globe; frequent in East India and in the Antilles. The leaves and roots of Crotalaria retusa are used in popular medicine, and in Farther India it is sometimes cultivated for its fiber, Local names, matraca, sonajuelas; according to Stahl (cited by Cook and Collins, p. 129), cacsabelillo grande. 4, Crotalaria incana L, (Urban, 281.) Annual or biennial, herbaceous, 0.66 to 1.38 meters high; branches clothed with fine spreading brown silky hairs; leaflets obovate or orbicular, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide, glabrescent above, slightly silky beneath; petioles 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long; flowers greenish yellow; calyx deeply 5-lobed, segments lanceolate, exceeded by the corolla; corolla 1 to 1.25 cm. long; legume pendulous, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, about lem, wide. Near Bayamon along roads; near Cabeza de San Juan on declivities; near Fajardo on the river bank; near Juncos along roads; near Guayama; near Cayey along roads; near Coamo on roads; near Adjuntas at Coral Viejo, near Guanica in thickets at the lagoon; near Cabo Rojo, in pastures at Miradero; near Mayaguez at the fortress and on the declivities of Mount Mesa; between Mayaguez and Afiasco along roads; near Rincon in thickets on the seashore.—South Florida (Chapman), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman 172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Mustique (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 244), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad, Margarita. Cosmopolitan in the warm regions of the world, but perhaps ar introduction in the Old World. Local name, cascabelillo vacio. 5. Crotalaria lotifolia L. (Urban, 281.) Shrubby, diffuse, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, sericeous on both sides; peduncle 5 mm. long; flowers pale yellow; vexillum with red curving lines on the inner side at the base; calyx deeply 5-parted, shortly exceeded by the corolla, lobes lanceolate; corolla about 1.25 em. long; legume spathulate-oblong, puberulous, 2 cm. long, 6 mm. wide. Near Fajardo in shady places; near Coamo, in the woods of Mount Ildefonso and in thickets on the Juey River toward Salinas; near Guanica, in shady meadows at Mont- alba and in thickets on the seashore; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo at Punta de Aguila.— Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John; the varieties grandi- folia and grandiflora in| Martinique, Barbados, and tropical west Africa. A well- known very distinct West Indian species. Local name, cascabelillo axilar (Cook and Collins). 29. INDIGOFERA I. Indigofera L. Sp. Pl. 2: 751. 1753. Acanthonotus Benru. in Hook. Niger Fl. 293. 1849. Sphaeridiophorum Drsv. Journ. Bot. 8: 125. pl. 6. 1814. Brissonia Desv. Ann. Sc. Nat. 9: 411. 1826. Calyx small, oblique, campanulate or tubular, teeth equal or the lowest longest; standard obovate, oblong, or suborbicular, sessile or shortly unguiculate; wings more or less oblong, adhering a little to the keel; keel straight or slightly curved, obtuse, or acuminate, gibbous or spurred on both sides; upper stamen free from the base, the others connate; anthers uniform with glandular, apiculate or penicillate-pilose con- nective; ovary sessile or nearly so, with several or rarely 1 or 2 ovules; style incurved, short, filiform, usually somewhat curved; stigma terminal, capitate or penicillate- pilose; pods oblong, linear or rarely globular, terete or rarely flattened, straight or incurved, 2-valved, divided transversely between the seeds by cellular tissue; seeds globular, or truncate at each end, or flattened.—Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs with adpressed silky hairs fixed by the middle, and sometimes mixed with loose hairs or tommentum,; leaves unequally pinnate, more rarely digitate, 3-foliolate or reduced to 1 leaflet, sometimes simple; leaflets entire; stipules usually small, setaceous, somewhat adnate to the petiole; flowers usually rose-red or purplish red, axillary, rarely sessile, in racemes or spikes, these sometimes united into panicles. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Pod feflexed, sickle-shaped, 6 to 8-seeded. lL. I. suffruticosa. Pod straight, shorter than in J. suffruticosa, 3 or 4-seeded. 2. I. guatimalensis. l. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. (Urban, 282.) A copiously branched shrub | to 1.5 meters high; branches straight, woody, deeply sulcate, thinly silvery; stipules small, setaceous; petiole under 2.5 cm. long, firm, erecto-patent; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, leaflets 6 to 8-jugate, oblong or obovate, 2 to 2.5 PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 173 cm. long by about half as broad, the lateral ones opposite, short-stalked, both sides subglaucous and thinly silvery, the upper nearly or quite glabrous when mature, turn- ing blackish when dried; racemes moderately dense, 2.5 to 5 cm. long when in flower, nearly sessile; pedicel equaling the obliquely campanulate, thinly silvery calyx, which is not more than 1 mm. deep, the lower teeth lanceolate, reaching half way down, the upper shorter; corolla fugacious, yellow, 3 to 4.5 mm. long.—Pod reflexed, sickle- shaped, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 mm. thick, suktetragonous with thickened sutures, glabrous when mature, 6 to 8 seeded. ‘ Near Bayamon in cultivated localities; Sierra de Naguabo, near Rio Blanco; near Yabucoa in the coast districts; near Patillas on the sea at Guardaraya; near Coamo, in meadows between Serillos and Salinas; near Adjuntas on declivities at Saltillo; near Guayanilla on calcareous mountains near Pefion; near Guanica, in fields at Punta de los Pescadores and in coast districts near La Ballena; near Cabo Rojo in pastures; near Mayaguez and Afiasco.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Mustique, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. It is said to be a native of tropical America. Indigofera suffruticosa is much cultivated in the tropics and subtropics and from it is prepared the well-known coloring matter, indigo. It is obtained in the following manner. The plants are mowed just before the flowering time and soaked in water until the liquid becomes a deep yellowish-green color. The fluid is then drained into large vessels or into a cistern, where it is brought, as much as possible, in contact with the air, by means of wheels and shovels, in order that it may take up oxygen. The indigo substance becomes blue and insoluble in water, and sinks to the bottom in the form of a blue powder. This is strained out by woolen cloths and dried. Indigo finds extensive use as a dyestuff, coloring cotton, wool, and silk dark blue. Mixed with oil, it forms a paint of great body, but one that is easily decomposed by pure air. Local name, afiil, indigo. 2. Indigofera guatimalensis Moc. & Sessé. (Urban, 282.) Shrub, 1.5 meters high; branches woody, deeply sulcate, thinly silvery; stipules small, setaceous; petiole about 1 cm, long, firm erecto-patent; leaves 4.5 to 6 cm. long; leaflets 4 to 6 pairs, oblong or obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, the lateral ones opposite, short-stalked, the upper one with a petiolule 5 mm. long, all clothed on both sides with rather long gray hairs; racemes | to 1.5 cm. long, nearly sessile; pedicel about 1 mm. long; calyx pilose, 1 mm. deep; corolla 3 mm. long; pod erect, straight, subtet- ragonous, pilose, 1 cm. long, 2 mm. wide, with thickened sutures, 3 or 4-seeded. Near Cabo Rojo in pastures; near Mayaguez, on hills toward Boquillas; near Rincon on declivities at Calvache.—Cuba (cultivated, Prain and Baker), St. Thomas, Mar- tinique (introduced), Guatemala (Prain and Baker), Venezuela, Ecuador (Prain and Baker), Peru. This plant differs from J. suffruticosa in having thick pods which are smaller and fewer-seeded. 30. DALEA L. Dalea Juss. Gen. 355. 1789, not P. Br. 1756. Parosela Cav. Desc. 185. 1802. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, often glandular; the segments subequal; petals unguicu- late, the claws of the wings and keel united with the stamen-tube to the middle, decid- uous by an articulation; standard free, inserted at the bottom of the calyx, the limb cordate; stamens 10 (rarely 9) monadelphous, the tube cleft; ovary sessile or shortly 174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. stipitate with 2, rarely 3 to 6 seeds; legume membranous, inclosed in the calyx, inde- hiscent, usually with only | seed.—Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby plants, dotted with glands; leaves unequally pinnate (rarely trifoliolate); leaflets small, usually numerous, rarely 3, very rarely only 1, entire; stipules minute, setaceous; flowers white, blue, purple, rarely yellow; spikes pedunculate, terminal or opposite the leaves, dense, often capitate, rarely loosely-flowered. , |. Dalea domingensis DC. (Urban, 283.) Herbaceous or somewhat shrubby, 0.5 to 2 meters high; stem branched above, leaves 4 to 5 cm, long; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, oblong or obovate-oblong, 10 to 13 mm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, entire, emarginate, the base cuneate, gray-silky on both sides, with pellu- cid glandular dots; petiolule about 1 mm. long; spikes terminal or opposite the leaves, about 2 cm. long; calyx with long, beautifully plumose setaceous teeth, glandular; corolla 11 mm. long; flowers purple, rose-colored and white in the same spike; standard small, cordate, with several small glands near the middle; pod membranaceous. Between Coamo and Salinas, in meadows; near Yauco, in meadows by the river near the town; near Guanica, in thickets on the seashore near Cano Gordo.—Cuba, Haiti, St.John. From Texas and New Mexico to Venezuela and Colombia. 31. TEPHROSIA Pers. Cracca 1. Sp. Pl. 2: 752. 1753. Tephrosia Pers. Syn. 2: 328. 1807. Calyx-teeth or lobes subequal, or the lower larger than the rest, the 2 upper ones more united; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular, often tomentose or sericeous on the outside; wings obliquely obovate or oblong, adhering a little to the keel; keel incurved, obtuse or subacute; upper stamen free to the base or middle; anthers uniform; ovary sessile, with many or rarely 1 or 2 ovules; style incurved or inflexed, more or less flat- tened with a terminal stigma, often slightly penicillate; pod linear, or rarely ovate, flattened, 2-valved, continuous or slightly septate within; seeds often with a small strophiole.—Herbs, undershrubs, more rarely shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets numerous, rarely only 1 to 3, the veins in most species numerous, parallel and oblique to the midrib; stipules setaceous or wider and then striate; flowers red, purple, or white, in pairs or clusters, in terminal, leaf-opposed, or rarely axillary racemes, the lower clusters occasionally or sometimes all in the axils of the leaves. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Perennial with a thick rhizome; stipules subulate or lanceolate; leaves 5 to 7-jugate; leaflets obtuse, with a mucro; flowers | to 1.5 cm. long, pale purple. 1. 7. cinerea. Stipules setaceous; leaves 2 or 3-jugate; leaflets obtuse, emarginate; flowers 7 mm. long, blood-red. 2. T. cathartica. 1. Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.¢ (Urban, 283.) Perennial with a thick rhizome, 33 to 45 cm. high; leaves 5 to 7-jugate; leaflets cune- ate-oblong or linear, obtuse, mucronate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; stipules lanceolate or subulate; raceme 7.5 to 15 cm. long; flowers pale purple or rose-colored, 10 to 15 em. long; calyx 5 mm. deep; standard 11 mm. long: pod 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, 5 to 9-seeded. 4Cook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca cinerea. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 175 Near Bayamon, in coast districts at Catahio; near Cabeza de San ‘Juan, in coast dis- tricts; near Patillas, in thickets on the seashore at Guardaraya; near Coamo, around Los Bafios along roads, in the valley of El Tendal River in rocky ground, on El Fuerte River, and near the Salinas Lagoons; near Pefiuelas; near Yauco; near Guanica, in coast districts between Barina and La Boca and at Salinas; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo at Los Morillos; near Mayaguez, in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Rincon at Cabo San Fran- cisco,—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Millspaugh), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Désirade (Grisebach), Marie Galante (Duss), Dominica (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Tobago, Margarita, Curacao. Tropical continental America. On account of the strong resemblance of the Tephrosia species, it is often difficult to distinguish them. J’. cinerea differs from 7’. purpurea in having calyx teeth that are almost twice as long as the tube. The racemes are also shorter in 7. cinerea. In tropical America the young branches and leaves of this plant are crushed and mixed with quicklime, and the mixture used for narcotizing fish. Local name, ail cenizo. 2. Tephrosia cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Urb.« (Urban, 283.) The stem woody, branches firm, angular, thinly gray-silky; stipules setaceous, minute, 2 mm. long; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, imparipinnate, 2 to 3-jugate; leaflets oblong or obovate-oblong, 1.4 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, gray-silky on both sides, entire, blunt, emarginate, papyraceous; petiolule of lateral leaflets 1 mm. long, that of terminal one 6 mm.; racemes both terminal and leaf-opposed, lax, 5 to 15 em. long; flowers solitary or in pairs, bracts minute; pedicel about 2 mm. long; calyx 4 mim. long, pilose outside, the lanceolate, acuminate teeth exceeding the tube; flowers blood-red, 7 mm. long; pod linear, downy, 3.5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, stipitate, 5 or 6-seeded. Near Mayaguez, in coast districts at Algarrobo; near Rincon at Cabo San Francisco; near Vega Baja, in sandy soil.—Bahama, Cayman, Haiti, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Ruatan Island (Bay of Honduras), Cartagena. Poiret says that Cytisus sessiliflorus Poir. has been collected in Porto Rico, but the original specimen was probably collected by Ledru or Riedlé in Trinidad, not in Porto Rico. 32. BARBIERIA DC. Barberva DC. Prod. 2: 239. 1825. Barbiera SPRENG. Gen. 2: 587. 1831. Calyx long-tubuliform, with acute subequal segments; petals with long claws; standard oblong, narrowed below into a claw; wings oblong, adhering to the keel; petals of the keel longer than the wings, obtuse; upper stamen free, the others con- nate; anthers uniform; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style long, slender, bearded on the inner side; pod linear, straight, compressed, 2-valved, indented between the seeds on the outside, septate; seed transverse, oblong.—Shrubs; leaves imparipin- nate; leaflets entire, numerous; stipels long, subulate; stipules acuminate-subulate; flowers 2 or 3 together, in terminal or axillary racemes, rather large, red; bracts and bracteoles lanceolate-subulate. 4 Cook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca leptostachys. 25734—vox 10, pr 4—07-—4 176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. . 1. Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill.¢ (Urban, 284.) Herb or undershrub, 0.5 to 4 meters high; leaflets 15 to 21, oblong or ovate-oblong, stipellate, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.25 cm. wide, mucronate, membranous, with scattered hairs above, appressed-sericeous below; racemes 8 to 10 cm. long; flowers vermilion,; calyx tube 19 mm. long, calyx teeth 10 mm. long, colored; corolla 5 to 6 em. long; standard twice as long as the calyx; pod 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, pilose; seeds black. Near Bayamon, in shady places; near Utuado, on slopes at Pellejas; near Maricao, on slopes; near Lares, on shady slopes at Palma Llanos; near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa and at Mayaguez-Arriba; near Aguada, in the forests at Piedra Blanca.—Cuba, Haiti, tropical South America. Noticeable are the long calyx and showy red flowers of this species. It has also long, pinnate leaves, with many leaflets, which are pubescent on the lower surface. Local name, enredadera. 33. GLIRICIDIA H. B. K. Gliricidia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 392, 393. 1828. Calyx teeth broad, short, the two upper ones subconnate; standard large, reflexed, sometimes with a pair of inflexed auricles at the base; wings arcuate-oblong, trans- versely plicate, free; keel obtuse, inflexed; upper stamen free, the rest connate, forming a sheath; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style awl-shaped, inflexed, glabrous, or beneath the stigma somewhat hairy; stigma small, terminal; pod stalked, broadly linear, unwinged, 2-valved, not septate within, the valves coriaceous.—Trees or shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets entire, not stipellate; stipules small; flowers rose-colored, in axillary racemes, or in fascicles on the old wood; bracts and bracteoles small or wanting. 1. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Urban, 284.) Tree 8 meters high or higher; leaflets 9 to 17, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, broadly acuminate, obtuse at the apex, 3.5 to 6.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, subco- riaceous, subglabrous; flowers in many-flowered racemes, rose-colored; calyx with 5 very small teeth, glabrous or slightly pilose outside, 4 to 5 mm. deep; standard 20 to 25 mm. long, rose-colored, yellow above the base, keel inflexed; ovary glabrous; pod 10 to 20 cm. long, 1.1 to 2 cm. broad, subligneous. Near Afiasco. Not indigenous in Porto Rico, but introduced from Cuba (Gundlach); Jamaica (Hansen); Haiti (Picarda); Domingo (Millspaugh).—Mexico, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Yucatan, Panama. In the specimens from Mexico and Yucatan the flowers are irregularly spotted and striped with brownish-purple, and Urban makes of them a new form (forma maculata Urb.; Robinia maculata H. B. K.). According to Preuss, this tree is much used in Nicaragua for shading coffee and cacao. It is also grown for hedges. Local names: Nicaragua, madre de cacao, madera negra (Preuss); Cuba, bien vestida (Gruner); Mexico, cacaguananchi (Lamb); Carthagena, mata raton or maton (Jacquin). aCook and Collins, p. 89, as Barhieria poly phylla. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 177 34. CORYNELLA DC. Corynella DC. Ann. Sc. Nat. 4: 33. 1825. Corynilis SPRENG. Syst. 4: Cur. Post. 263. 1827. Tovotropis Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 19?: 506. 1846. Calyx teeth very short or awl-shaped and elongated, the two upper ones connate; standard suborbicular, clawed, reflexed; wings oblong-oblique; keel slightly incurved, longer than the wings and standard; upper stamen free; anthers uniform, with glandu- lar, often colored connective; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style upwards incrassate; stigma small, slightly capitate; pod oblong, lanceolate, compressed, 2-valved.— Shrubs; leaves paripinnate or imparipinnate; leaflets stipellate; stipules stiff, some- times spinous; flowers purple, solitary or fascicled at the older nodes of the branches; bracts small; bracteoles wanting. 1. Corynella paucifolia DC. (Urban, 284.) Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate, oblong or obovate-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, 0.5 to Lem. broad, coriaceous, rounded at the apex, often mucronate, cuneate at the base, glabrous; flowers solitary or fascicled along the rachis, blue (Eggers), or blue becoming white, keel violet (Sintenis). Near Yauco on the sides of Mount Duey; near San German, on a declivity at Lajas Arriba.— Haiti. The pretty blue flowers of this shrub appear before the leaves. Local name, retama. 35. SABINEA DC. Sabinea DC, Ann. Sc. Nat. 4: 92. 1825, Calyx membranous, broadly campanulate, truncate, almost entire or shortly den- tate; standard wide, suborbicular, erect or reflexed; wings oblong-falcate; keel inflexed, obtuse, as long as or somewhat longer than the wings; upper stamen free, the rest equally long, or 5 longer and farther connate; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, multi- ovulate; style filiform, much inflexed, glabrous; stigma small, terminal; pod linear, compressed, continuous within, 2-valved, the valves at length spirally curved; seeds rather flat, ovoid or reniform.—Trees or shrubs; leaves paripinnate; common petiole terminating in a point; leaflets caducous; stipules usually setaceous, caducous: flowers purple, solitary or fascicled, on the older nodes of the branches; bracts small, brac- teoles wanting. KEY TO THE SPECIES, Keel oblong; stamens subequal; style suberect. 1. S. punicea. Keel obliquely obovate; 5 posterior stamens one-half as long as the 5 anterior (all fertile); style and the upper part of the ovary falcate- incurved. 2. 8. florida. 1. Sabinea punicea Urb. (Urban, 285. | Probably shrubby; stipules subulate, 3 to 5 mm. long; leaflets 10 to 20, obovate or sometimes oval, rounded or subrotundate subapiculate at the apex, 9 to 15 (some- times even 26) mm. long, 5 to 9 (sometimes even 16) mm. wide, glabrous beneath or thinly pilose on the middle nerve, lateral nerves on each side 4 or 5, densely reticulate; flowers in the axils of the leaves, many, on a shortened branch, pedicels 0.7 to 1.5 em. long; calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous, minutely dentate; standard subtriangular-orbicular, 178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. very obtuse at the apex, 17 to 18 mm. long, 13 or 14 mm. wide; wings oblong, erect, rounded at the apex, 17 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; keel petals free above, connate below, 20 mm. long; upper stamen free, the rest connate to the middle, subequal; ovary stipitate; legume linear, 5 to 6 mm. wide. Flowers and leaves appear at the same time. Near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa (230 meters altitude); near Maricao, on the slopes of Mount Alegrillo. Indigenous. Local name, caracolillo (Sintenis). 2. Sabinea florida (Vahl) DC. (Urban, 285.) Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; leaflets 8 to 15-jugate, oblong or elliptical-oblong, 8 to 15 mm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, sericeous beneath, often mucronate; calyx 3 mm. long, subentire, turbinate; wings obovate, 1.3 cm. long; keel broad, semiorbicular, 17 to 18 mm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide; flowers pale lilac or pale violet, axillary, fascicled, bloom- ing before the leaves appear. Near Bayamon; near Fajardo on Mount Emajagua toward Ceiba; near Yauco on the Duey River not far from Mount Rodadero; near Sabana Grande at the cataract of Estero River; near Cabo Rojo, in thickets on the seashore around Puerto Real, near Quebradillas, and near Manati, in thickets at Rio’ Arriba Saliente.—Crabb Island (West), St. Thomas, St. John, Dominica (Grisebach). Local name, retama. 36. CRACCA Benth. Cracca Bentu.; Oersted, Kjoeb. Vidensk. Meddel. 8. 1853, not L. 1753. Benthamantha Auer. Bonplandia 10: 264. 1862. Brittonamra O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 164. 1891. Calyx with subequal subulate-acuminate laciniae; petals subequal; standard orbicu- lar or reniform with reflexed sides; wings oblong-obovate; keel wide, acute or slightly beaked, inflexed; ovary sessile, with numerous seeds; style slightly stiff, inflexed, bearded; stigma capitate; pod linear, compressed, 2-valved, septate, outer surface with impressed transverse lines; seeds almost square.—Perennials with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets stipellate; flowers yellowish or whitish in axillary racemes. 1. Cracca caribaea (Jacq.) Benth.a (Urban, 285.) Shrub 0.5 to 2 meters high, sericeous-pubescent (rarely glabrescent); leaflets 7 to 9-jugate, lanceolate-oblong, 1.6 to 2 cm. long, mucronate; racemes peduncled, few- flowered; flowers 1 to 1.2 em. long, white, standard rose-white or sometimes rose colored; calyx lobes twice as long as the tube, the lowest longer and exceeding half the keel. Near Cabeza de San Juan, in shady ravines toward the sea; near Fajardo in coast dis- tricts; near Coamo, in meadows between Serillos and Salinas, in the valley of El Fuerte River in rocky places, and in woods near Mount San Idefonso; near Penuelas along roads; near Guanica, in thickets on the lagoons and in forests at Mount Ensenada.— Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Désirade (Grisebach), Dominica (do. ), Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Bequia. Central America, Venezuela, Ecuador. a©Cook and Collins, p. 128, as Cracca aniloides. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 179 37. SESBANIA Scop. Sesbania Scop. Introd. 308. 1777. Agati Apans. Fam. 2: 326. 1763. Darwinia Rar. Fl. Ludov. 106. 1817. Calyx broadly campanulate, truncate or with nearly equal teeth or lobes; standard ovate or orbicular, spreading or reflexed; wingsoblong; keel incurved, obtuse, or acumi- nate, with a long claw; upper stamen free, geniculate near the base, the others united in a sheath, angled near the base; anthers uniform or the 5 alternate somewhat longer; ovary usually stipitate with numerous seeds; style with a small terminal capitate stigma; pod long-linear, rarely oblong, compressed, terete or tetragonal, or 4-winged, 2-valved or indehiscent, septate; seeds oblong or quadrate.—Herbs or shrubs, rarely arborescent; leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets very numerous, entire; stipules cadu- cous; flowers often large, sometimes very large, usually yellow, red, variegated, or white, very rarely a dark purple, in short loose axillary racemes; pedicels slender; bracts and bracteoles setaceous. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers in short few-flowered racemes. Flowers large, white or carmine-red; petals 8 to 9 em. 1ong; calyx 2 cm. deep; shrub or tree. 1. S. grandiflora. Flowers small, a dull yellow, 1.2 cm. long; calyx 3 mm. long; herb. 2. &. sericea. Flowers in lax, 4 to 12-flowered racemes. Flowers orange-colored or yellow; petals 2.25 em. long; calyx 6 mm. deep; leaves slightly irritable. Flowers bright yellow; petals 1.25 cm. long; calyx 4 mm. deep; leaves not irritable. 4. S. aegyptiaca. 3. 8. occidentalis. l. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.a (Urban, 286.) A tall shrub or small tree of very few years’ duration; leaflets 10 to 30-jugate; flowers white or carmine red; legume linear, 30 or more cm. long, nearly 6.5 mm. wide, com- pressed; seeds separated by spurious dissepiments. Cultivated and seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon; near Cabo Rojo; at Mayaguez, in a garden.—Cuba (Richard), Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), Gaudeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent. Indigenous perhaps in the East Indies and north Australia, Cultivated in the Tropics everywhere. S. grandiflora is most noticeable on account of its large and showy red flowers, which make it one of the most beautiful of the Papilionatae. In India the root, bark, flowers, and the juice of the leaves are used medicinally, while the natives eat the tender leaves, pods, and flowers as a vegetable and in curries. Cattle also eat the leaves and tender shoots. The wood is white, soft, and not durable; is, however, used in Bengal for posts of native houses and for firewood, and as a support for the pepper vine. This species ylelds a gum resembling kino, of a garnet red color when fresh, but becoming almost black by exposure to the air. Local names, gallito, bdculo, cresia de gallo. 2. Sesbania sericea (Willd.) DC. (Urban, 286. ) Plant 1 to 3 meters high; stem suffrutescent, unarmed, cylindrical, pubescent; leaflets 12 to 20-jugate, oblong-linear, 1.6 to 2.4 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. broad, blunt or aCook and Collins, p. 68, as Agatt grandiflora. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. retuse-mucronulate, irritable; racemes short, few-flowered, 4 times or more exceeded by the leaves; flowers 1.2 cm. long, of a dull yellow; calyx one-third as lor, as the corolla; teeth subulate; standard dotted with purple; legume 20 to 25 cm. long, compressed, at length biconvex, not torulose, shortly beaked, slightly depressed, tumid on both margins. — Near Guanica in the water of the lagoon; near Mayaguez, along roads in coast districts near Algarrobo and around the fortress; near Afiasco in moist meadows at Hatillo.— Bahama, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique. 3. Sesbania occidentalis (Willd.) Pers. (Urban, 286.) Undershrub, stem angular, suffrutescent or shrubby, 2 to 3 meters high; leaflets 12 to 20-jugate, slightly irritable; flowers yellow or orange-colored, with red lines, the standard dotted with purple; legume 20 to 25 cm. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide, compressed, at length biconvex; seeds separated by spurious dissepiments. Near Ponce in ditches and in moist localities; near Guanica, in the water of the bay opposite La Plata; near Cabo Rojo around the hacienda Carmelita; near Mayaguez, on the sides of ditches in Cuesta de las Piedras. —Cuba, Haiti, Trinidad (Grisebach). Indigenous in the West Indies. Although the difference in the size of the leaves and the form of the leaflets between Sesbania occidentalis and 8. grandiflora is very slight, the difference in the size of the flowers is very noticeable, those of 8. grandiflora being at least 5 times as large as those of S. occidentalis. Local name, sesbania. 4, Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers. (Urban, 286.) An erect, copiously branched, pale green glabrous shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters, even 3 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, the unarmed rachis on the upper ones 5 to 10cm. long; leaflets 10 to 20-jugate, glabrous, glaucous green, reaching 2.5 cm. in length, 4 mm. broad, blunt with a faint mucro; peduncles 2.5 to 5 cm. long; racemes lax, 6 to 12-flowered; pedicels spreading, 0.4 to 0.8 cm. long; calyx 0.4 em. long, glabrous, the teeth very short, deltoid-cuspidate; corolla bright yellow, 1.25 cm. long, the round emarginate standard 1.25 cm. broad, more or less dotted with purple; pod 15 to 20 em. long, 3 to 4 mm. thick, distinctly torulose, 20 to 30-seeded, the valves rounded on the back. Near Coamo between Serillos and Salinas.—Cuba, Jamaica (Grisebach). South- eastern North America, warmer regions of Africa, tropical Asia, and North Australia. The wood of this plant is soft and fibrous but rather close-grained, the weight 75 pounds to the cubic foot. In the Deccan, Sesbania aegy ptiaca, is grown to furnish poles as a substitute for bamboo, and it is often utilized while growing to shade and support the pepper vines and various cucurbitaceous plants. In Assam the soft, pithy stems are platted into mats, portions of them being dyed black before being matted so as to work outa bold pattern. It is, in Bengal, in common use asa hedge plant, for which purpose its very quick growth renders it suitable. The bark is made into rope, according to Brandis. Seeds, root, juice of the bark, leaves, and flowers are used medicinally. The leaves and young branches are cut for fodder. 38. PICTETIA DC. Pictetia DC. Bibl. Univ. Geneve 29: 40, 1825, Calyx with unequal slender lobes, the two upper ones short and obtuse, the three lower longer and acuminate; petals shortly unguiculate; standard suborbicular; PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 181 wings obliquely oblong, somewhat longer than the obtuse keel; upper stamen free; ovary stipitate, multiovulate; style filiform; stigma terminal, capitate; pod stalked, oblong or widely linear, compressed, without articulations or separating into 1 to 6 oblong, coriaceous, striate ones; seeds oblong or ovoid, somewhat flat.—Shrubs, gla- brous; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 3 to many, spinescent or pungent; stipules often pungent; flowers yellow, in the axils of the leaves, solitary or in slender few- flowered racemes; bracts and bracteoles caducous. Professor Urban has written a monograph of the West Indian species of this genus, which is nearly related to Ormocarpum. He distinguishes two sections. The first, Racemosae Urb., is characterized by the numerous (15 to 25) leaflets, truncate or usually emarginate at the apex, and by the elongated inflorescence. To this section belong two species: P. obcordata-DC. (San Domingo) and P. aculeata (Vahl) Urb. (widely distributed in the West Indies, first described by Vahl as Robinia aculeata). The second, Fasciculatae Urb., has the leaflets fewer (3 to 7), linear or obovate, acumi- nate or rounded at the apex; the inflorescence short with fasciculate flowers. This section comprises also two species: P. spinifolia Urb. (occurring in Haiti and San Domingo) and P, marginata Sauvy. (found as yet only in Cuba). P. De Candolle, the author of this genus, which is very characteristic of the West Indian Leguminosae, enumerates six species, of which Urban thus admits only four. 1. Pictetia aculeata (Vahl) Urb. 4 (Urban, 287.) Shrub 3 to 4 meters high or tree 10 meters high; petioles 0.7 to 1.5 cm. long; leaflets 15 to 25, obovate-orbicular, rotundate, or obcordate, truncate or sometimes broadly emarginate at the top, rounded or subtruncate at the base, 0.7 to 2 cm. long and wide; pedicels 25 down to 12 mm. long; flowers yellow; calyx-tube 3 to4 mm. long; standard 17 to 22 mm. long; pod broadly linear, more or less incurved, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide, with 2 to 6 articulations. Near Fajardo, in copses on the seashore toward the light-house; between Arroyo and Guayama, along roads; near Coamo, in woods at San Ildefonso; near Pefiuelas in woods; at Salinas de Cabo ree in forests on ae seashore.— Haiti (Jac quin), Vieques (De Candolle), Water Island, St. Thomas, St. John (Eggers), St. Croix (Jacquin), Trinidad (probably cultivated). Local name, tachuelo. St. Thomas, fustic. 39. AESCHYNOMENE lL. Aeschynomene L. Sp. Pl. 2: 713. 1753. Aedemone Kotscuy, Oestr. Bot. Zeitsch, 8: 116. 1858. Herminiera Guttu. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. Tent. 201. pl. 51. 1832. Calyx lobes 5, nearly equal or united into two lips, either entire or the upper one 2-lobed, the lower 3-lobed; petals with short claws; standard orbicular; wings obliquely obovate-oblong, about equal to the standard; keel sometimes obovate, obtuse, nearly straight, sometimes narrow, acute or beaked, and much curved, the petals free or con- nected by means of little hairs, or connate; stamens usually all united in a sheath more or less split on both the upper and the lower edge, dividing the stamens into 2 bundles of 5 each; anthers reniform; ovary stipitate, with 2 to many ovules; style incurved, the stigma terminal, sometimes subcapitate; pod stipitate, more or less linear, straight, annular, or faleate, smooth or muricate on the flat or slightly convex faces, separating into 2 to many short, flat, usually indehiscent, reticulated articulations. —Procumbent a aF or illustrations see Cook and C ‘ollins, pls. 42, 43, lacing p. 218 (as Pictetia aristata), 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. or erect herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs with equally or unequally pinnate leaves; stip- ules membranous or foliaceous, lanceolate or setaceous; flowers seldom large, usually small, sometimes very small, gold-colored or pale yellow, often streaked with purple, fugacious, in axillary or rarely terminal racemes; bracts resembling the stipules in form. Bracteoles usually addressed against the calyx, often caducous. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves 10 to 30-jugate. Leaflets 1-nerved; stipules semisagittate; flowers whitish in lax few-flowered racemes; peduncle 1.5 em, long; pod long- stipitate, straight, the joints quadrate, rectilinear on the superior, slightly curved on the inferior margin. 1. A. sensitiva. Leaflets 3-nerved; stipules calcarate; flowers yellow or purple in dense racemes; peduncle very short; pod shortly stipi- tate, incurved, contracted at the dissepiments, the joints half-round, rectilinear on the superior, rounded on the in- ferior margin. 2. A. americana, Leaves 4 or 5-jugate. 3. A. portoricensis. 1. Aeschynomene sensitiva Sw. (Urban, 287.) Shrubby or suffrutescent, | to 4 meters high; stipules 6 to 9 mm. long, semisagittate, caducous; leaves 2 to 10 cm. long; leaflets 15 to 20-jugate, linear-oblong, 6.5 to 9 mm. long, 2 to3 mm. wide, glabrous, glaucous, sensitive; flowers 2 to 4, in very lax racemes; calyx 4mm. deep, cleft nearly to the base; corolla pale yellow, the standard red-veined outside, not more than 0.6 mm. deep; pod 3.5 to 5 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, 6 to 9-jointed, the lowest articulation on a pedicel 0.6 mm. long, the upper suture nearly straight, lower deeply indented, the face with a few scattered setae, black. Near Bayamon, in moist meadows at Pueblo Viejo; near Fajardo in ditches; Sierra de Luquillo, in swampy places half-way to the top of Mount Jimenez; near Aibonito, in swamps at Buena Vista; near Utuado, on the Rio Grande River at Salto Arriba; near Guanica, in swamps on the lagoon toward La Plata; near Cabo Rojo in swamps; near Mayaguez, on the sides of ditches and on Mount Mesa at 330 meters altitude; near Afiasco in moist fields toward the sea; near Lares, in grassy places at Anones.—Cuba, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Dominica (Swartz, Grisebach), Martinique, St. Lucia (Swartz), St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach), Tropical Africa. A common American plant, extending from the West Indies to Brazil. A, sensitiva, like the next, seems to be inhabited by ants. The plant can be read- ily recognized by its semisagittate stipules, and its lax few-flowered racemes. Local names, yerba rosario, yerba de cienega. 2. Aeschynomene americana I, (Urban, 287.) Stem herbaceous or suffrutescent, | to 2 meters high; leaves 3 to 5 em. long; leaflets 10 to 30-jugate, oblong-linear, 7 to 9 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; flowers pale yellow, some- times nearly white with dark red lines; calyx 4 mm. long; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long, yel- low or purple; pods 2 to 4 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, glabrous. Near Bayamon in meadows; between Aibonito and Coamo along roads; near Coamo at the river in Farajones; near Maricao on Mount Montoso; near Sabana Grande toward La Plata along roads; near Mayaguez, on the bank of the river and at the base of Mount Mesa; near Afasco in ditches around Hatillo.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, PERKINS—-LTHE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 183 Trinidad (Grisebach). Found in many parts of tropical America, also introduced in the Old World. Frequent as a weed on cultivated land, The large spurred stipules of A. americana are used as a dwelling place by ants. By the form of the stipules it can easily be distinguished from A. sensitiva. The half-round joints of the pod, rectilinear on the superior, rounded on the inferior margin, are also striking. Local name, yerba rosario, 3. Aeschynomene americana villosa (Poir.) Urb. (Urban, 288.) Flowers orange-colored, Near Aibonito, at Algarrobo; near Cayey at 330 meters altitude; near Guanica, on gravelly banks at Barina; near Maricao in pastures; near Mayaguez around the fortress; near Rincon, in rocky places at Barrio del Pueblo; near Aguada, | on plains at Piedra Blanca. —Cuha, Martinique. 1, Aeschynomene portoricensis Urb. (Urban, 288.) Perennial or undershrub; stipules ovate or lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long; leaflets obovate or oval, rounded at the top, subcordate at the base, 5 to 8 mm. long; inflo- rescence 10 to 15 mm, long, axillary, simple, 1 or 2-flowered; flowers yellow, 5 mm. long; pedicel 3 to 4 mm. long; calyx 2.5 mm. long; petals subequal; pod 4 to 5 mm. long, stipitate, the articulations 2 to 4; seeds subtriangular-ovate, olive-green, smooth, shiny. Near Maricao; near Manati, in the sand on the shore of Lake Tortuguero.— Indigenous. This is the only one of the Porto Rico Aeschynomenes that has 4 or 5-jugate leaflets. 40. STYLOSANTHES &w. Stylosanthes Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 108. 1788. Calyx with an clongated filiform tube and scarious lobes, the four upper ones connate, the lowest distinct, elongate; petals and stamens inserted at the throat of the tube; standard orbicular or suborbicular, emarginate; wings oblong, free; keel incurved, subrostrate; stamens all connate, in a closed tube, the anthers alternately longer and fixed near the base and shorter and versatile; ovary nearly sessile at the base of the tube, 2 or 3-ovulate; style long, filiform, after flowering broken at the middle or near the base, the portion that remains becoming decurved; stigma minute and terminal; pod subsessile, compressed, crowned with the persistent curved base of the style, the articulations usually two, sometimes solitary, rugose- reticulated. —Pilose, often hirsute-setose, sometimes viscous herbs or undershrubs: leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, lanceolate to linear; stipules adnate to the petiole except the long, free, subulate apices; flowers yellow, axillary or terminal, in dense spikes or heads. Stylosanthes hamata (I..) Taub.a (Urban, 288.) Stems procumbent or diffuse, from a few centimeters to 1 meter high; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 17 mm, long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, pointed, glabrescent: flowers yellow, in bracteate spikes 15 mm. long, single or with an accessory striate @ Cook and Collins, p. 245, as ‘Stylosanthes procumbens. 184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. pedicel; legume sessile, 2 or 1-jointed, usually 1-seeded, mucronate by the uncinate style base. Near Bayamon in coast districts at Palo Seco; between Aibonito and Coamo on rocks; near Coamo in sunny copses on Juey brook; near Guanica, in rocky coast dis- tricts at Cafio Gordo; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo in the sandy soil of the seashore.— Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Tau- bert), Guadeloupe, Désirade, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Bar- bados, Grenada. North and South America. Local name, zarzabacoa enana. 41. ARACHIS L. Arachis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753. Mundubi Apans. Fam, 2: 323. 1763. Arachidna Morencu, Meth, 121. 1794. Calyx tube filiform, the lobes membranous, the four upper ones connate, the lowest thin, distinct; petals and stamens inserted into the apex of the tube; standard sub- orbicular, wings oblong, free; keel incurved, rostrate; stamens all connate in a closed tube, sonietimes only 9; anthers alternately longer and shorter, fixed near the base and versatile; ovary subsessile at the base of the tube, 2 or 3-ovulate, the torus after the flower falls becoming an elongated, deflexed, rigid stalk forcing the fruit into the ground, the apex acute, and after the style falls terminated by a stigma-like callus; style long, filiform; stigma minute, terminal; pod ripening beneath the soil, oblong, reticulated, indehiscent, subtorulose, but not articulated, continuous within; seeds 1 to 3, irregularly ovoid.—Low, often prostrate herbs; leaves paripinnate; leaflets usually 2-jugate, rarely one abortive; stipules adnate to the petiole; flowers yellow or whitish, in axillary, solitary, sessile, dense spikes; bracts often auriculate; bracteoles linear. 1. Arachis hypogaea L. (Urban, 289.) Stems 30 to 60 cm. long, herbaceous, diffuse, the branches clothed especially above with spreading hairs; stipules 2.5 cm. long, the lower half adnate, the points lanceolate; petioles 2.5 to. 35 cm. long, silky; leaflets in two pairs, without a termi- nal one, obovate, 3 to 5 cm. long by more than half as broad; flowers yellow, axil- lary, solitary, on long slender pedicels, only the lower ones fertile; pod 2.5 cm. long, 1.2 cm. thick. ‘ultivated and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near Yauco, on Mount Duey in maize fields; near Mayaguez.—Cuba (Sagra), Jamaica (Grisebach), St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John (do.), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent. Culti- vated everywhere in the Tropics. It is probably a native of Brazil, to which coun- try the six other species of the genus belong exclusively. Arachis hypogaea, the peanut, groundnut, goober, Manila nut, is not only found in all tropical countries, but is sometimes cultivated in southern Europe (in Italy, Spain, and France) and is extensively grown in the United States, from Virginia southward. In the United States the seeds are consumed in very large amounts alter roasting, being sold on the streets and eaten between meals, while smaller but considerable quantities are used in confectionery and in the form of ‘‘peanut butter.”” In the Old World millions of bushels are utilized for making an oil which is similar to the finest olive oil and is largely substituted for it. . The oil cake is used as food for live stock, and in Spain from it is made, by mixing it with cacao, sugar, and spices, a kind of chocolate, which is the daily food of the poorer people. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 185 According to Cook and Collins the Porto Rican peanuts are very small in size and not many are grown. ° Local name, mani. 42. ZORNIA Gmel. Zornia GMEL. Syst. 27: 1076, 1096. 1791. Zonaria Steup. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 101. 1840. Calyx tubuliform-campanulate, membranous, the two upper teeth rather long, sub- connate, the two lateral ones much shorter, the lowest lanceolate-oblong, almost as long as the upper ones; petals unguiculate; standard suborbicular; wings obliquely obovate or oblong; keel incurved, subrostrate; stamens all connate in a tube; anthers alternately longer and shorter, attached near the base and versatile; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; pod compressed, the upper suture nearly straight, the lower deeply sinuate, the articulations indehiscent, smooth, or echinate; seeds orbicular or subreniform,—Herbs or suffrutescent; leaves equally pinnate; leaflets 2 or 4, often punctate; stipules usually foliaceous; flowers solitary, sessile or shortly stipitate, in lax terminal or axillary spikes hidden each by a pair of persistent bracts; bracteoles wanting. 1. Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. (Urban, 289.) Herb; stem 30 cm. or more long, slender, herbaceous, glabrous, diffusely branched from the base; stipules lanceolate; petioles 1 to 2 cm. long, the leaflets in a single pair at the apex, lanceolate 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 9 mm. wide, the edge slightly ciliate, the surface glabrous; flowers in lax axillary stalked racemes 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 6 to 8 in num- ber, hidden each by a pair of persistent bracts, which are ovate, rigid, 6 to 9 mm. long, slightly bristly-ciliate; calyx 3 to 4.5 mm. long, scarious; corolla 6 to 9 mm. long, purplish; pod sometimes exceeding the bracts, articulations 2 to 4, the bristles 1 to 2 mm. long. Near Bayamon in sandy meadows; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge of the woods; near Mayaguez, on slopes of Mount Mesa; near Afiasco; near Aguada, on plains at Rosario; near Manati, in sandy soil at Campo Alegre around Tortuguero Lake.— Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (De Candolle), Guadeloupe, Désirade (Grisebach), Dominica (do.), Martinique, St. Lucia, Barbados, Trinidad (Grisebach). This plant is found everywhere in the tropics and subtropics. Zornia diphylla is stacked by the Foulahs of western Africa for horse provender. It is sometimes used as a remedy against fever. Local name, zarzabacoa de dos hojas. 43. DESMODIUM Desv.¢ Mevbomia ApANS. Fam. 2: 509, 575. 1763. Desmodium Desv. Journ, Bot, 1: 122. pl. 5. fig. 15. 1818. Pleurolobus J. St. Hil. Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. 3: 192. 1812. Calyx with campanulate or turbinate short tube, the upper two teeth more or less united, the other three acute or subulate-acuminate; petals sessile or unguiculate; standard oblong, obovate, or suborbicular, usually narrowed toward the base, seldom obtuse or subcordate above the claw; wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the keel without appendage or by means of a membrane or a tubercle; keel straight, sometimes incurved, obtuse, rarely rostrate; upper stamens free at the base, toward the middle aCook and Collins, pp. 188, 189, as Meibomia. 186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. connate with the others; ovary sessile or stipitate; style inflexed; stigma small, ter- minal, often capitate; pod exserted, sessile, or stipitate, compressed, superior suture straight or like the inferior more or less sinuate, with 1 to many membranous or cori- aceous articulations, flat or rarely subturgid, glabrous or more or less hispid, usually indehiscent at maturity and separating from one another, sometimes dehiscing by the inferior suture; seeds 2 to many, ovoid or globose-reniform, compressed.—Herbs or shrubs, sometimes arboreous or scandent; leaves bipinnate; leaflets usually 3, some- times only | (the terminal), rarely 5, often rather large, with stipels; stipules often scarious, striate, or connate; flowers small, rose-colored, purple, bluish, or white, in compound rarely simple racemes, terminal, or axillary; occasionally solitary or a few fascicled in the axils; bracts often membranous, subulate, striate, persistent, or caducous; bracteoles distinct and persistent or very small and caducous, often entirely wanting. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers in terminal, short, crowded racemes, or 2 to 4 together in the axils of, or opposite to the leaves. Flowers in short, crowded racemes, in pairs in the axils of the wide caducous bracts. (Section NICOLSONIA.) 1. D. barbatum. Flowers 2 to 4 together on long filiform pedicels in the axils of the leaves or opposite to them, more rarely in few- flowered terminal racemes, when they are solitary in the axils of the bracts. (Section Sacorta.) Flowers in lax, usually elongated, racemes or panicles. Upper suture of the pod straight, the lower deeply indented; pod indehiscent. (Section HETEROLOMA.) Bracts rather large and wide, before florescence im- bricate. 3. D. ascendens. Bracts small, inconspicuous. Stipules more or less connate at the base. Articulations of the pod 2; stipe longer than bo D. triflorum. the calyx. 4. D. avillare. Articulations of the pod numerous; stipe shorter than the calyx. _ d. D. supinum. Stipules usually free, only the younger ones slightly connate. Stipules cordate. 6. D. albiflorum. Stipules oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate. 7. D Both sutures of the pod deeply indented, indehiscent. (Section CHALARIUM. ) Pod strongly constricted, more or less tortuous. Pod with 2 articulations, superior onegenlarged, fertile. : 8. D. molle. Pod with many equal articulations. Perennial, erect; stipules oblique-subulate; pod tortuous, at length flattened; articu- lations obicular, flat. 9. D. tortuosum., Annual flaccid, at length subscandent, rooting at the base; pod very tortuous and lasting so; articulations rhomboid-orbicular. 10. D. spirale. Pod slightly constricted at the dissepiments, not tor- tuous; articulations oval-linear. ll. D. scorpiurus. . wydlerianum., PERKINS—-THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 187 1. Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. (Urban, 290.) Suffrutescent, erect, or ascending, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 3, elliptical-oblong, obovate, or elliptical-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, above glabrous or subpilose, beneath appressed-villose; calyx 4.4 mm. deep, at length nodding, very long brown-pilose, the teeth lanceolate-setaceous, the tube very short; corolla light blue or purple, about as long as the calyx; legume | to 1.5 em. long, 2 mm. wide, indehiscent, the upper suture straight, the lower somewhat indented, reflexed, 2 to 4-jointed. Near Bayamon, in sandy places; near Lares, in ravines at Espino; near Cabo Rojo, on hills toward Joyuda; near Mayaguez, on the slopes of Mount Mesa; near Aguada, in rocky districts at Rosario; near Manati, on plains at Garrochales.—Cuba (Grise- bach), Jamaica, Haiti, Martinique, St. Lucia, Tobago, Trinidad. In tropical America, # common plant, in pastures, and on the roadside. Also introduced into the Old World. The short, many-flowered racemes and the deep, densely plumose calyx make this common plant of the Tropics easily recoginzed. Local name, zarzabacoa peluda, 2. Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC.a@ (Urban, 289.) Stem widely creeping, copiously and diffusely branched, forming a dense matted cluster, the branches slender, glabrous or thinly clothed with fine spreading silky hairs; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 4.4 mm. deep; leaflets 3, broadly obovate, terminal one 8.6 to 11 mm. long and nearly as broad, lateral ones smaller, both sides glabrous or subglabrous; flowers blue (Urban); calyx 4 mm. deep, silky, teeth reaching more than halfway down; corolla reddish or white (Oliver), fragrant, about equaling the calyx; pod 1.1 to 1.7 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, the lower suture waved one-third of the way down; articulations 4 to 6, the faces subglabrous. Near Naguabo in fields around Hacienda Oriente; near Cayey along roads toward Cidra; near Coamo, in the valley of El Tendal River on grassy slopes; near Cabo Rojo on hills toward Joyuda; near Rincon in meadows at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stock- holm Herbarium), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vin- cent, Barbados, Grenada, Trinidad. Mexico to Brazil, tropical Africa, East Indies. Desmodium triflorum is acommon weed of the Tropics. The fresh leaves are used medicinally. In India Roxburgh says that this is very common on pasture grounds and helps to form the most beautiful turf; further, that cattle are very fond of it. Miiller recommends its cultivation in regions too hot for clover. Another author says that in India it springs up on all soils, supplying there the place of Trifolium and Medicago. Local name, zarzabacoa de tres flores. 3. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. (Urban, 290.) An undershrub | to 1.3 meters high, with ascending woody branches; leaflets 3, obovate, 1.8 to 2.5 cm, long, sometimes nearly as broad as deep, the apex rounded, subcoriaceous, upper surface glabrous, lower finely adpressed-silky; racemes often 15 @ For illustration see Cook and Collins, fig. 12, p. 189 (as Meibomia triflora). 188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. cm. long; bracts ovate, cuspidate, equaling the slender pedicels, 8.8 to 13 mm, long, spreading ultimately from the rachis at right angles; calyx 6 mm. deep, teeth linear, reaching down nearly to the base; corolla purple or reddish, rarely white, twice as long as the calyx; pod 1.2 to 2 cm. long, 2.2 mm. broad, joints 3 to 6, the lower suture waved halfway down. Near Bayamon in moist sandy soil at Cataiio; Sierra de Luquillo halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez in woods; Sierra de Naguabo, near Minas de Cobre at Rio Blanco; near Los Mameyes; near Juncos on roadsides; near Hato Grande on Mount Gregorio; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas along roads; between Caguas and Cayey along roads; near Cayey at Quebrada Arriba; near Aibonito along roads; near Adjuntas, on the declivities of Mount Andubo and on Mount Cedro; near Maricao; near Mayaguez, on declivities of Mount Mesa,—Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts (Grise- bach), Antigua (do.), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), This is a common American species, but in the Old World is only known in Africa, Local name, zarzabacoa galana. 4. Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. The Porto Rican material is included in the following varieties and form: 4a. Desmodium axillare obtusifoliola (Kuntze) Urb. (Urban, 291.) Herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent, creeping, rooting, 30 to 45 cm. long, clothed with very short soft inconspicuous hairs intermixed with hamate ones; leaflets 8, rhomboid, ovate-rhomboid or orbicular-rhomboid, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the apex; flowers rose-colored, dark rose-colored, or reddish-violet, about 5 mm. long, the pedicel 6.5 to 13 mm. long; legume long-stipitate, the suture slightly notched, the dorsal margin sinuate as deep as to the ventral suture; articulations del- toid-semioval, 7 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm wide. Near Bayamon in shady places; Sierra de Luquillo in woods halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez; near Los Mameyes in moist localities among herbs; near Cayey, in a thicket of Coffea arabica at Pedro Avila; near Adjuntas, in woods on Mount La Vaca.— Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Chile. This plant is extremely common in shady places in Porto Rico, Local name, zarzabacoa de monte. 4b. Desmodium axillare acutifolium (Kuntze) Urb. (Urban, 292.) Stem densely clothed with long, soft hairs intermixed with short, often very incon- spicuous, hamate ones; leaflets ovate or ovate- elliptical, acuminate; flowers pale pur- ple; articulations of the pod 6 to 8 mm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide. Near Bayamon in the woods at Pueblo Viejo, near Juncos on Mount Santo de Leon.— Cuba, Jamaica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Guiana, and Brazil. 4c. Desmodium axillare forma robustius Urb. (Urban, 292.) The stem thicker than in variety angustatum, 3 mm. thick and densely hirsute; ter- minal leaflet 12 em. long; flowers rather longer than in variety angustatum; wings 5 mm. long; pod articulations 10 mm. long, 6 mm, wide; calyx red-brown; petals pale rose-colored; stamens rose-colored; anthers pale yellow (ex Sintenis). Sierra de Luquillo, in woods halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 189° 4d. Desmodium axillare sintenisii Urb. (Urban, 292.) Pubescence of the stem very short; leaflets ovate, long-acuminate; flowers white; pod articulations 9 to 10 mm. long, 6.5 to 7 mm. wide. Sierra de Luquillo, halfway to the top of Mount Jimenez; Sierra de Yabucoa, in the primeval forests of Mount Cerro Gordo and Mount Sombrero.—Haiti. 5. Desmodium supinum (Sw.) DC. (Urban, 290.) A diffuse undershrub 60 to 90 cm. high, branches finely gray-pubescent upward; stipules connate to the middle, at length subdistinct, lanceolate, scarious; leaflets 3, central one oblong or obovate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, generally under half as broad, its petiolule short, its stipellae minute; lateral leaflets smaller and more rounded at the base, subcoriaceous, the upper surface glabrous, the lower thinly and finely pubescent; calyx 2.2 mm. deep, the teeth lanceolate, reaching halfway down; corolla red, becom- ing blue or pale purple, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. deep; pod 2.5 cm. long, 3 mm. wide, with 5 to 8 articulations, which are considerably longer than broad. Near Bayamon in grassy places; near Fajardo along roads and in the river valley toward the mountains; near Juncos along roads; near Maunabo at Punta Tuna; near Cayey at Quebrada Arriba in thickets; near Cabo Rojo along roads around Puerto Real; near Mayaguez.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach), Margarita. A common tropical American species, occurring also in Africa and the Mauritius. Local name, zarzabacoa. 5a. Desmodium supinum angustifolium (Griseb.) Urb. (Urban, 291.) Plant 1 to 1.5 meters high; flowers conspicuous, pale blood-red or pale purple. Between Aibonito and Coamo, near Algarrobo, in thickets; near Coamo, in the valley of El Tendal River; near Rincon, on shady mountains at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba, Haiti, Antigua (Grisebach). 6. Desmodium albiflorum Salzm. (Urban, 292.) Stem diffuse, 15 to 30cm. high; leaves sometimes widely, sometimes narrowly ovate, about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or rarely somewhat acute, membranous; stipules cordate, acuminate, free or at the back connate: flowers white; calyx about 2.2 mm. deep, petals 6.5 mm. long: pod subsessile, its articulations indefinite in number, usually 6 or 6, these when mature 6.5 mm. long, 4.4 mm. wide. Near Cayey, in coffee plantations at Pedro Avila; near Coamo, in coffee plantations at Farrajones.—Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Brazil (Bentham, Hemsley). 7. Desmodium wydlerianum Urb. (Urban, 292.) Perennial (?), procumbent below, rooting at the nodes, ascending above, shortly pubescent; leaflets triangular-ovate or rhomboid, acuminate, subtruncate at the base, 190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3 to 6 em. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, above shortly pilose, heneath subglabrous; inflores- cence 10 to 15 em. long; calyx about 2mm. long; flowers violet; standard suborbicular or orbicular-ovate, 4mm. long; stamens 9; pod (immature) with 2 or 3 articulations. Eastern part of the island (Schwanecke, Wydler).—Grenada, Tobago. 8. Desmodium molle (Vahl) DC. (Urban, 292.) Erect; stem shrubby; branches herbaceous, striate, 1.3 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3, ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, 1.25 to 2.75 em. wide, membranaceous, pubescent on both sides; stipules subulate-setaceous; flowers very small, 3.3 mm. long, greenish outside, dark blue within; calyx segments linear, long; pod membranaceous, flat; articulations at first elliptical, reniform with a lateral notch when mature, 6.5 to 8.5 mm, long, 4.4 to 5mm. wide. Near Coamo in meadows between Serillos and Salinas: near Juana Diaz, along roads about Escalabrado; near Guanica, on declivities at Punta de la Meseta and in thickets at Montalba.—Jamaica (Grisebach), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Vahl), Martinique, Curacao, Central America, South America. The legume of D. molle is quite unlike that of any other Porto Rican Desmodium. It has a pod with 2 elliptical articulations, of which the upper is enlarged and fertile, and when mature has a lateral notch. This is the only pod with a reniform articulation within this genus in Porto Rico. 9. Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. (Urban, 293.) Erect, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; stem striate, cylindrical, the down uncinate; leaflets 8, ovate or ovate-oblong, the terminal one 2.5 to 10 em. long, 1 to 4.5 em. wide, hispidu- lous or glabrescent; pedicels filiform, longer than the flower; flowers small, purple or pale blue; calyx 2 to 3 mm. deep; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; pods with 2 to 6 articula- tions, constricted nearly to the center. Near Bayamon, in shady localities and along: roads toward Toa Baja; near Fajardo in cultivated places; near Maunabo on shady slopes between Emajagua and Punta del Naranjo; between Aibonito and Algarrobo in steep places at the roadside; near Barran- quitas, on declivities at Isabon; between Aibonito and Coamo along roads; near Coamo, at Salinas; near Juana Diaz along roads; near Pefiuelas on the top of Mount Vi and on plains around Mount Llano; near Guanica on gravelly banks around Barinas; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, in the mountains at Calvache and on the plains toward Aguada.—Cuba, Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 246), Mustique (do.), Grenada, Central America, North America, South America. Local name, zarzabacoa, junquillo, 10. Desmodium spirale (Sw.) DC. (Urban, 293.) Stems annual, 30 to 45 cm. high, slender, diffuse, slightly pubescent; petioles 1.2 to 2.5 cm. long; leaflets 3, the terminal one roundish or ovate, 2.5 to 5 em. long; 1.2 to 2.5 cm. broad, the lateral ones smaller, subpapyraceous, both sides green, glabrous; pedi- cels 6.5 to 8.5 mm. long, spreading, very slender, glabrous; flowers in Porto Rican specimens always white; calyx 2.2 mm. long, deeply cleft; corolla slightly exceeding the calyx, greenish variegated with purple; pod 9 to 12mm. long, 2.2 mm. wide; articu- lations 4 to 6, separated by very narrow spaces, often spirally twisted. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 191 Near Bayamon; near Aibonito, at Cari-Blanco; near Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte River, in meadows around Serillos at Salinas, and on grassy declivities toward Aibon- ito; near Juana Diaz, along roads around Escalabrado; near Pefiuelas in the rocky plains at Tallaboa Alta; near Mayaguez; near Rincon, in plains at Barrio del Pueblo.—Cuba, Jamaica, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Eggers), St. John (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Gua- deloupe, Martinique (Duss), St. Vincent, Union (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 245), Barbados, Trinidad (Grisebach). Common in tropical America; found also in the East Indies, Africa, and the Polynesian Islands. Local name, zarzabacoa espiral. 11. Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. (Urban, 293.) Procumbent, rooting at the base; stem angular; leaflets 3, oval or oblong, 1.5 to 4 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, rounded at the apex, clothed on both surfaces with long, silky, appressed hairs; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. deep, deeply cleft; corolla slightly exceed- ing the calyx, peach-colored, rose, or purple, becoming white; pod subsessile, uncinate-pubescent, slightly constricted at the dissepiments, the joints 2 to 7, oval- linear, minutely truncate at both ends, the terminal pointed. [In Bayamon around the church; near the town in fields; near Fajardo in cultivated places; between Aibonito and Algarrobo on precipices near the roads; between Aibonito and Coamo on declivities; near Coamo, on Mount Santana and in the valley of El Fuerte River; near Utuado, in ravines at San Andres; near Cabo Rojo, on hills toward Joyuda.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas (Grisebach), St. Croix (Eggers), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad, Margarita.—Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru. A plant common in pastures. Local name, zarzabacoa cola de escor pion. 44. ALYSICARPUS Neck. Alysicarpus Neck. Elem. 8: 15. 1790. Fabricia Scop. Introd. 307. 1777, not Adans. 1763. Hegetschweilera Heer & ReGen, Cat. Sem, Hort. Turic. 1842; Bot. Zeit. 1: 47. 1843. Calyx deeply cleft, the lobes stiff and dry, striate, subequal, the two upper ones connate almost to the apex; standard orbicular or obovate, narrowed into a claw; wings obliquely oblong, adherent to the keel; keel obtuse, slightly incurved, usually with a little membrane on the outside on both margins; upper stamen free; ovary sessile or substipitate, multiovulate; style filiform, inflexed upwards; stigma termi- nal;, sometimes oblique, usually broadly capitate; pod terete or somewhat compressed, equal or constricted between the articulations, these roundish or truncate at the ends and indehiscent; seeds ovate or orbicular.— Erect or diffuse herbs, glabrous or loosely hairy; leaves simple in our species (or very rarely 3-foliate); stipules mem- branous, scarious, acuminate, free or connate; flowers small, in terminal or rarely axillary racemes, the pedicels usually in pairs; bracts and bracteoles usually scarious, caducous. |. Alysicarpus nummularifolius (L.) DC.« (Urban, 294.) A perennial, tufted or much branched at the base, the stems decumbent or ascend- ing, from a few centimeters to 25 em. long, glabrous or slightly pubescent; leaves on short slender petioles, the lower ones cordate-orbicular or oval, not 1.2 em. long, the # Cook and Collins, p. 74, as Alysicarpus vaginalis. 25734—VoL 10, pr 4—07 i) 192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. upper ones from oval-oblong to lanccolate-linear, and often 2.5 em. long or more, all obtuse; calyx about 4.4 mm. long, the lobes very narrow, ending in a subulate almost hair-like point, the two upper ones less united than in most species; petals pale purple, becoming blue, scarcely exceeding the calyx; pod often 1.8 cm. long or rather more, obscurely wrinkled, the separation of the articulations marked by trans- verse raised lines, without any or rarely with a slight contraction. Seemingly spontaneous near Bayamon in coast districts at Palo Seco, near Fajardo in rocky localities toward Ceiba; near Pefiuelas, in rocky districts at Tallaboa Alta; near Cabo Rojo, in grassy places at the base of Mount Buenavista.—Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John, St. Kitts (Grisebach), St. Martin (Stockholm Herba- rium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. no. 81, p. 246), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad. A common weed in the tropics of the Old World and introduced into America. Local name, yerba de contrabando. 45. DALBERGIA 1... Dalbergia 1. {. Suppl. 52, 316. 1781. Calyx with the two upper teeth broader and the lowest rather longer than the others; standard broadly ovate or orbicular; wings oblong; keel slightly incurved, obtuse, its petals connate on the back at the apex; stamens all connate in a sheath slit above, or the upper one free or absent, or the sheath also slit below or the lowest sometimes also free; anthers small, erect, the cells dehiscing by a small apical slit; ovary stalked, biovulate; style almost straight; stigma small, terminal; pod orbicular or broadly oblong, flat or corky, indehiscent, 1-seeded, subemarginate at the upper suture.Loosely branched or sarmentose shrubs; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets usu- ally alternate, many or rarely reduced to 1; flowers in small panicles in the axils of the leaves. . KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaflets solitary, pale and tomentose beneath, rarely glabres- cent, ovate, obtuse, acuminate; stamens LO; pod orbicular, 2.5 to 3 em. in diameter, thick, subligneous. 1. D. hecastophyllum. Leaflets 3 to 5, both sides glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs beneath, ovate, acuminate; stamens 9; pod roundish, oblong, blunt at both ends, 2.5 to 3 em. long, 2 cm. wide, flat, shining, not much thickened, subligneous. 2. D. monetaria. 1. Dalbergia hecastophyllum (L.) Taub. (Urban, 294.) Shrub 2 to 3 meters high or tree 6 to8 meters high, with firm woody branches; leaves unifoliolate, rarely bifoliolate; leaflets 7 to 10 cm. long, 4.5 to 5 em. wide; petiole | cm. long; flowers in small cymose panicles, 2.5 to 5 cm, long, axillary; calyx cain- panulate, 5 mm. deep; corolla white, more than twice as long as the calyx. Near San Juan, in thickets near the sea at Cangrejos; near Yabucoa in coast districts; near Ponce, in littoral thickets at Pefion; in coast districts near Mayaguez at Algar- robo; near Rincon; near Quebradillas.—South Florida (variety psilocalyc Radlk.), Cuba, Jamaica, Cayman (Hitchcock), Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix (Grisebach, Eggers), St. John, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Marti- nique, St. Vincent, Bequia, Barabdos, Grenada, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach). Tropical America, especially near the sea, from south Brazil to Florida and Central America; also in west tropical Africa, PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 193 Dalbergia hecastophyllum (.) Taub., a plant common in maritime thickets, has solitary leaflets, 10 stamens, and a pod that is nearly round, while the only other Porto Rican species, D. monetaria, has 3 to 5 leaflets, 9 stamens, and an oblong pod. Local names, maray-maray, palo de pollo. 2. Dalbergia monetaria L. f. (Urban, 295. ) Shrub 2 to 4 meters high; stems firm, woody, wide climbing; leaves 15 to 17 em. long; leaflets 8 to 13 cm. long, 4 to 5.5 em. wide; flowers in small panicles in the axils of the leaves, 1.5 to 3 cm. long; calyx 5 mm. deep, green; corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, white or yellow-white; anthers yellow, becoming brown; mature fruit brown. Near Bayamon in mountain thickets and woods; Sierra de Luquillo, in the woods between Mavi and Mount Jimenez; near Juncos on the river bank: near Hato Grande, on the shady river bank opposite Mount Gregorio; near Yabucoa, on the edge of the forests at Jacana, in primeval forests at Guayavota, and in La Pandura at Santa Elena; near Aibonito; near Utuado, on the edge of the primeval forest at San Andres and in copses on the Rio Grande River at Saltillo Arriba; near Maricao in mountain woods; near Sabana Grande in the woods near the cataract of Estero River; near Mayaguez.— Cuba (Grisebach), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad. Tropical America, north Brazil, Cayenne, Surinam, British Guiana. Local names, palo de brasilete, membrillo. 46. DREPANOCARPUS (:. I. W. Mey. Drepanocarpus G. F. W. Mey. Prim. FL. Esseq. 236. 1818. Nephrosis Ricu.; DC. Prod, 2: 420, 1825. Orucaria Juss.; DC. loc. cit. Calyx campanulate, obtuse at the base, truncate at the apex, the teeth short; standard broadly ovate or orbicular, on the outside silky; wings oblong, often falcate; keel incurved, its petals connate at the back; stamens all connate in a sheath slit above, or both above and below, or more rarely the upper one free; ovary short- stalked, 1- (rarely 2-) ovulate; style slender, incurved; stigma small, terminal: pod faleate or suborbicular, compressed, thick-leathery, the upper suture intruse, the lower very much arched, with | large, reniform, compressed seed.—Erect tree or high- climbing shrub; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets usually alternate; stipules often spinous; * flowers small or moderately large, purple, violet, or white; racemes short, fascicled or branched, axillary or in terminal panicles; bracts small, caducous; bracteoles under the calyx orbicular, persistent. 1. Drepanocarpus lunatus (I. f.) G. I’. W. Mey. (Urban, 296.) An erect bush or small tree 2 to 3 meters high, with firm glabrous branches and with sharp, subfalcate spines from the nodes; petioles short; rachis 5 to 10 em. long; leaflets 5 to 11, short-stalked, oblanceolate or oblong, 3.5 to 5 em, long, blunt, rigidly coria- ceous, both sides glabrous, the veins shghtly raised; panicles copious, axillary and terminal; calyx glabrous, 6 mm. deep; corolla lilac, 6.5 to 8.5 mm. deep; pod 1.8 em. broad, curved round so that the point touches the base, subligenous, the curve 3 to 3.4 em. broad; pedicel 6 mim. long. Near Bayamon, in the forest at Palo Seco; near Los Mameyes, in the Manglar swamp at La Carmelita; near Humacao, in littoral thickets near Punta Candela; near Maun- abo, in thickets at Punta de Tuna; near Mayaguez.—Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix 194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. (Eggers), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent (do.). Tropical America and western Africa. This plant grows chiefly near the seashore and is noticeable on account of its short, sharply recurved spines and its pod, which is so bent that the point touches the base. Local names, palo de hoz, escambron. 47. PTEROCARPUS L. Pterocarpus LL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1662. 1763. Moutouchi AuBL. Pl. Gui. 2: 748. pl. 299. 1775. Moutouchia Bento. Ann. Wien Mus. 2: 94, 1838, Calyx campanulate, often incurved, narrowed at the base, the two upper teeth more or less connate; standard broadly ovate or suborbicular; wings obliquely obovate or oblong; keel with its petals resembling or shorter than the wings, free or shortly connate on the back; stamens all connate in a sheath slit above or both above and below, or the upper one free; ovary sessile or stipitate, 2 to 6-ovulate; style fili- form, slightly incurved; stigma small, terminal; pod compressed, indehiscent, orbicu- lar or broadly ovate, more or less oblique, the style lateral or terminal, seminiferous in the center and there more or less incrassated, with a wing round the border; seeds 1 or 2, oblong or subreniform, if 2 separated by a hard septum.—Trees; leaves imparipinnate, leaflets alternate or almost opposite; flowers usually showy, yellow, rarely white or violet, in terminal or axillary, simple or compound racemes; bracts and bracteoles small, caducous. 1. Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq. (Urban, 296.) Trees 25 to 30 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, alternate, ovate or oblong, acuminate, shiny, 5 to 10 em. long, 3 to 5.2 em. wide, the veins on both sides conspicuous, sub- coriaceous, glabrous, the petiolules 6 mm. long; flowers in compound racemes, yellow; calyx strongly oblique, 4 to 5 mm. deep, turning black in drying; corolla 1.3 em, long; standard violet-colored on the edge, at the middle; pod glabrous, stipitate, corky-rugose, with a very oblique axis, l-seeded, surrounded by a narrow wing, which is less distinct on the carinal edge, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; wing 6.5 to 8.5 mm. broad on vexillar edge. Near Bayamon in swampy localities; Sierra de Luquillo, in the woods of Mount Jimenez; near Mayaguez.—Jamaica (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad. Tropical America, Central America. From Pterocarpus officinalis, the only species found in Porto Rico, is obtained a kind of kino known as “ American dragon’s blood.’’ The tree is tapped and the sap collected, which when dried in the sun forms a hard mass that is used in medicine as an astringent and in tanning and dyeing. Large pieces of the substance are dark red, while smaller pieces are transparent. Local name, palo de pollo. 48. LONCHOCARPUS H. B. K. Lonchocar pus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 383. 1523. Sphinctolobium Voc, Linnaea 11: 417. 1837. Neuroscapha Tu. Ann. Se. Nat. 11. 20: 137. 1843. Calyx often cupuliform, truncate, the teeth very short or wanting; standard orbicu- lar, obovate, more rarely oblong, with 2 auricles at the base above the claw; wings obliquely oblong or falceate, slightly adhering to the keel above the claw; keel arcuate a Cook and Collins, p. 226, as Pterocarpus draco. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 195 or nearly straight, the obtuse petals slightly cohering along the back; upper stamen free at the base, sometimes united with the others in a closed tube; ovary more or less stalked, biovulate or multiovulate; style filiform; stigma small, terminal; pod oblong or elongated, membranous or coriaceous, flat, indehiscent, the style scar terminal, persistent, sutures not winged but the upper sometimes laterally dilated; seeds 1 or 2, rarely more, flat, almost reniform or orbicular. Trees or woody climbers; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, rarely with stipels; stipules small, narrow; flowers violet, purple, or white, in simple racemes or raceme-like panicles, usually in pairs or clusters along the rachis; bracts and bracteoles usually small, deciduous, more rarely persistent. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Flowers usually in pairs along the rachis; leaflets glabrous; stand- ard usually sericeous on the outer surface; pod oblong or linear, the upper suture, especially near the seeds, with a projecting ridge; flowers rose-colored. Standard callous or auriculate at the base; leaflets 7 to 11. (Section Nevuroscarur Benth.) 1. ZL. domingensis. Standard not callous or auriculate at the base; leaflets 5 or 7. 2.°L. glaucifolius. Flowers many, usually small; standard glabrous or thinly silky on the outer surface; sutures of the pod not dilated or thick- ened. (Section Denstrtorr Benth.) 3. L. latifolius. 1 1. Lonchocarpus domingénsis (Pers.) DC. (Urban, 296.) Tree 15 meters high, young branches brown-tomentose becoming glabrous; leaves 17 to 19 em, long; petiole about 3 cm. long; leaflets 7 to 11, most frequently 7, oval or oblong, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. broad, coriaceous, glabrous on both sides, the apex shortly acuminate, cuneate at the base; flowers in axillary racemes, pale violet to rose-colored, in clusters of 2 on a short branchlet, with a space between; racemes about 20 cm. long; pedicels 3 mm. long; calyx 6 mm. long, brown-tomentose; standard 1.4 mm. long, orbicular, the outside silky; pod usually 2 or 3-seeded, 5 to 10 em. long, at the seeds about 2 em. wide, constricted between the seeds, compressed, almost woody, slightly brown-tomentose or glabrous. Near Guayanilla, close to the bank of the river at Los Indios; near Guanica, by the river at Barinas; near Cabo Rojo, around Hacienda Garcia; near Mayaguez.— Jamaica (Bentham), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique. 2. Lonchocarpus glaucifolius Urb. (Urban, 297.) Shrub with climbing branches or tree-5 to 8 meters high; leaves 5 or 7-foliolate; leaf- lets elliptical or elliptical-oblong, rounded at the apex or shortly and obtusely acu- minate, obtuse or rounded at the base, 4 to 13 mm. long, 2 to 7 cm. wide, glabrous, veins on the upper surface impressed; inflorescence 6 to 14-flowered, in lax racemes; calyx 4 mm. deep; flowers rose-colored; standard orbicular, 12 to 15 mm. long; wings 4 mm. wide; pod linear or broadly linear, 6 to 14 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, 2 to 7-seeded, coriaceous; seeds oval-reniform, 9 mm. long, 5 mm. wide, dark brown. In the primeval mountain forests near Rincon at Calvache; near Aguada on Mount Piedra Blanca and in the mountain forests at Rio Grande; near Aguadilla, in the moun- tains at Espinal; near Quebradillas at Cafio Grande. Indigenous. Local name, geno. 196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Lonchocarpus latifolius (Willd.) H. B. K. (Urban, 297.) Tree 6 to 20 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, oval-oblong, acuminate, paler and minutely puberulous beneath, or glabrescent, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, subcoriaceous; inflorescence densely racemose, 7.5 to 12 cm. long, many-flowered; calyx 2.2 mm. deep; flowers purple, 8.5 to 11 mm. deep; standard thinly silky; pod oblong or broadly linear, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.7 to 2.1 em. broad, | or 2-seeded, not at all’ or somewhat constricted between the seeds, flat, thin, glabrescent. Near Bayamon, in woods at Palo Seco; Sierra de Luquillo in the woods on Mount Jimenez; near Quebradillas on the bank of the river; near Manati in thickets on the coast, and at Abra de los Muertos.—Cuba (Wright), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Kitts, Guade- loupe, Dominica, Martinique (Sieber), St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad. Common also in the adjoining parts of South America. Central America to Nicaragua. The hard wood is used in making furniture (Cook and Collins, p. 178.) Local names, palo hediondo, forte ventura. 49. PISCIDIA lL. Piseidia 1, Syst. ed. 10. 2: 1155. 1759. Calyx subcampanulate, with the teeth short and wide, the two upper ones slightly adhering; standard orbicular; wings oblong-falcate, adhering to the obtuse keel; petals of the keel cohering along the back; upper stamen free at the base, united with the others at the middle in a closed tube; ovary sessile with numerous seeds; style reflexed, filiform, the stigma small, terminal; pod linear, flat, each suture widening into 2-veined wings; seeds ovate, compressed.—Tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets opposite; flowers white and blood-red, in short panicles; bracts opposite on the pedicel, subel- liptic, subcoriaceous, caducous. |. Piscidia piscipula (I..) Sarg. (Urban, 297.) Tree 20 meters high; leaflets 3 to 5-jugate, pubesceut or glabrescent, oblong or ellip- tical, pointed or blunt; flowers 1.2 to 1.6 em. tong; wings each 1.2 to 1.6 em. broad, transversely striate, lacerate or repand; legume 5 to 10 em. long, 8 mm. broad, puberu- lous; seeds 6 to 8, transversely oblong, black, 7 mm. long. In thickets and forests on the coast near Fajardo and near Salinas de Cabo Rojo.— South Florida (Chapman), Florida Keys (Sargent), Bahama (Grisebach), Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, St. Lucia (Grisebach), St. Vincent, Barbados, Grenada, South Mexicd- Southern parts of North America. Local name, ventura, 50. ANDIRA Lam. Vouacapoua Ausu. Hist. Pl. Gui. 2: Suppl. 9. pl. 873, 1775. Andira Lam. Encye. 1: 171. 1783. Calyx broadly campanulate or subturbinate, truncate, with short indistinct teeth; petals clawed; standard suborbicular; wings ang petals of the keel nearly straight, oblong, obtuse, the latter imbricate but not connate on the back; upper stamen free, or rarely connate with the rest; ovary stipitate or rarely sessile, 2 to 4- (rarely 1-) ovulate; style short, incurved; stigma small, terminal; pod drupaceous, ovoid or obovoid, often some- PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 197 what compressed, with a more or less fleshy mesocarp and a thick subligneous endo- carp; seeds 1, pendulous.—Strong trees; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite, rarely alternate, often stipellate; flowers rose-colored or violet, fragrant, in terminal pyram- idal panicles, subsessile, usually crowded; bracts and bracteoles small, deciduous. 1. Andira jamaicensis (W. Wright) Urb.¢ (Urban, 298.) Tree 10 to 20 meters high with firm woody branches, the young twigs slightly gray- pubescent; petioles 5 to 7.5 cm. long; leaflets 9 to 13, the pairs more than 2.5 cm. apart, oblong or lanceolate, or the terminal one obovate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate or subacute, the base scarcely rounded, subsessile, subcoriaceous, both sides glabrous, dark green, shining; flowers in pyramidal panicles, 15 to 30 cm. long, with distant, spreading, stalked, racemose, closely flowered branches; calyx subsessile, silky, about 4.5 mm. deep, brownish red; corolla reddish, violet, or pale purple, 13 to 15 mm. deep, the standard 6.5 to 8.5 mm. broad; ovary stalked, glabrous or slightly ciliate, 3 or 4-ovulate; legume green, subrotundate, about 2.5 em. in diameter, obtuscly carinate; or shortly ovate, or obovate, 3.5 to 4 em. long, slightly or not at all carinate. Near Bayamon in woods; Sierra de Luquillo, in woods between Mavi and Mount Jimenez; in the calcareous mountains near Juncos; near Coamo in woods at Pedro Garcia and at Los Bafios; between Coamo and Aguas Buenas on the roadside; near Yauco; near Guanica on Mount Puerco and at Barinas; near Mayaguez; near Maricao, in the forests of Mount Montoso; near Utuado in the rocky mountains at Los Angeles. Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, and in related forms (variety sapindoides (Benth., Griseb.), with larger flowers and longer pedicels, St. Thomas, St. Croix. St. John (Eggers), St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad (Sieber). Tropical America and west tropical Africa; very abun- dant in Central America, Guiana, Venezucla, north Brazil, and eastern Peru. The Brazilian and west African specimens are generally rather longer-flowered and stiffer-leaved than those from Guiana, the West Indies, and Central America; but no tangible characters nor constant size in the flowers can be found to separate them even into marked varieties. Local names, moca, moca blanca. 51. ABRUS I.. : Abrus Apans. Fam. 2: 327. 1765. Hoepfroria Varker, Oester. Bot. Zeitsch. 29: 222. 1879 Calyx campanulate, truncate or shortly and broadly toothed; standard ovate, the short. claw adhering to the base of the staminal tube: keel much curved, the petals united from the base, often longer than the wings; stamens 9 united ina sheath open on the upper side, the upper one deficient; ovary sessile, with indefinite ovules; style short, incurved; stigma terminal; pod oblong or linear, flat, 2-valved, with cellular partitions between the seeds.— Shrubs or undershrubs; stems usually twining or trail- ing, woody at the base; leaves paripinnate, the leaflets many-jugate, the conumon peti- ole ending in a short point; flowers small, rose-colored or white, in clusters on lateral thickened nodes or in axillary or terminal racemes; bracts small, often persistent; bracteoles 2 on the calyx. 1. Abrus precatorius L. (Urban, 298.) Shrub with slender woody wide-climbing glabrous or slightly pubescent branches; «Cook and Collins, p. 80, as slndtra trermis. 198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1 to 2 em. long, blunt, subsessile, glabrous or the lower side slightly silky; racemes axillary or terminal, dense, stalked, 5 to 7.5 em, long, the flowering part 2.5 em. long; calyx truncate, thinly silky, the teeth very short; corolla 9 mm. Jong, reddish, rarely white or purple; pod sessile, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, 1.2 em. broad, oblong, rostrate, sub- coriaceous, flat, 2-valved, with cellular partitions between the seeds, glabrous when mature; seeds 4 or 5, globose, shining, scarlet, with a black spot at the base. Near Bayamon in sandy soil; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo; near Mayaguez, on hedges. - at Guanajibo,-Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Barbados (Maycock), Tobago, Trinidad. Widely distributed through the Tropics, but often planted. The brilliant red seeds with a black spot at the hilum are strung by the women of Hindustan and are used instead of beads for ornaments for the neck and also for rosaries, hence the name * pater noster herb.’’ The seeds are extremely poisonous when taken in large quantities, and in India they have played an important role in many a crime. Local names, peronia, peronilas. 52. CLITORIA L. Clitoria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 753. 1753. Calyx tubular, the 2 upper lobes slightly connate, the lowest narrow; standard large, erect, open, narrowed at the base without auricles; wings shorter, spreading, adhering to the keel in the middle; keel shorter, incurved, acute; upper stamens free or more or less united with the others; anthers uniform; ovary stipitate, with several ovules; style elongated, incurved, more or less dilated upward and bearded longitudinally on the inner side; pod linear, flattened, the upper or both sutures thickened, the sides flat or convex, occasionally bearing a raised longitudinal rib, dehiscent; seeds globose or flattened.—-Herbs or shrubs, short and erect or with long twining branches; leaves pinnate, with 3 or several leaflets or occasionally only 1; stipules persistent, striate; flowers often large, purple, blue, white, or red, often two-colored, solitary or clustered in the axils or in pairs crowded in short racemes; bracts stipule-like, persistent, the lower ones in pairs, the upper united into one. This genus is readily distinguished by its large tubular calyx. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaflets 2 or 3-jugate (rarely 4 or 5), ovate, blunt or oval; peduncle short, 1-flowered; bracteoles suborbicular, about one-fourth as large as the calyx; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate; legume linear, pubescent. (Section Ternatea Benth.) 1. C. ternatea. Leaflets only 3. (Section Neurocarrum Benth.) Stem twining; leaflets acute. 2. CL rubiginosa. Rhizome woody; stem erect, nearly simple, ascending; leaf- lets obtuse, retuse, or emarginate. 3. C. laurifolia. 1. Clitoria ternatea I. (Urban, 299.) Herbaceous, suffrutescent; stem twining; leaflets 2 to 3 em. long, about 1.5 em. wide; peduncle 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers large, resupinate, blue and white; calyx 1.5 cm. deep; standard 5 em. long; pod 6 to 13 em. long, | cm. wide. Cultivated and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near Fajardo in Bromelia copse toward the sea; near Mayaguez, toward Guanajibo.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Bartholomew (Stockholm Herbarium), PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO, 199 St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Vincent, Bar- bados (Grisebach), Grenada, Tobago, Margarita. Native country probably east Africa (Bentham). Local names, bejuco de conchitas, papito. Two of the Clitoria species found in Porto Rico are climbing plants, C. ternatea and C. rubiginosa. The former, however, has imparipinnate leaves, 2 or 3-jugate leaflets, blue and white resupinate flowers, and large bracteoles, while the latter has trifoliolate leaves, and a pod with a prominulous midrib, a peculiarity that rarely occurs. The third Clitoria species, C. laurifolia, is an erect shrub, with a racemose inflores- cence, while the peduncle of C. ternatea and C. rubiginosa has 1, or at most 3, flowers. The roots, leaves, and seeds have emetic properties and are used in popular medicines, while the flowers are often employed to color viands and beverages blue. C. ternatea is widely distributed in the Tropics, and is cultivated in the glass houses of colder countries on account of its showy flowers. 2. Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. (Urban, 299.) Stem twining; leaflets ovate-oblong, acute, villous or sericeous below, 3°to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. broad; peduncle 3 or fewer-flowered, 4 to 13 cm. long; flower large, purple-variegated; bracteoles ovate-oblong, 3 or 4 times exceeded by the calyx tube; calyx 2 to 5 em. long; calyx lobes lanceolate, acuminate, almost one-half the length of the tube; standard 5.5 cm. long; legume 3.5 to 5 em. long, | em. wide, convex, each valve usually with a prominent midrib, glabrescent; seeds globose. Near Bayamon on hedges; between Aguas Buenas and Caguas along roads; near Cayey, at Campito; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge of the forests; near Maya- guez, on the sides of Mount Mesa; near Aguada, in the forests at Piedra Blanca.—Cuba (Grisebach), Jamaica (do.), Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad (Grisebach). Widely distributed in tropical America. Local name, flor de pito. 3. Clitoria laurifolia Poir. (Urban, 300.) Stem erect, herbaceous, pubescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 3, oblong, rarely more than7.5cm. long; apex very obtuse, retuse, or emarginate, pubescent beneath; pedun- cle 1 or 2-flowered; bracteoles ovate, much exceeded by the calyx; flowers white; calyx about 2.4 to 2.8 em. long, silky-pubescent, rarely glabrous; teeth ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 0.8 to 1 cm long, the upper more or less connate, the lowest longer and acuminate; corolla about 5 em. long; legume 2.5 to 6.25 em. long, stipitate, with a prominent midrib, rarely destitute of it; seeds ovoid-globose, Near Bayamon in sandy soil, near Dorado in plains near the coast.—Cuba, Haiti (Bentham), Trinidad. Tropical South America. 53. CENTROSEMA Benth. Bradburya Rar, Fl. Ludoy. 104. 1817. Centrosema Bentu. Ann. Wien. Mus. 2: 117. 1838. Calyx shortly campanulate, the segments subequal, the two upper sometimes con- nate; standard broadly orbicular, spurred on the back over the short, arched, compli- cate claw, rarely with a more or less distinct gibber (tubercle); wings arcuate, obo- vate; keel hardly shorter than the wings, wide, inflexed; upper stamen free or more or less connate with the others; ovary subsessile, multiovulate; style inflexed,.more or less dilated at the apex; stigma terminal, slightly bearded; pod subsessile, linear, 200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. compressed, with incrassate sutures, 2-valved, valves with a prominent nerve on both sides near the margin, or winged near the lower suture; seeds obliquely oblong.—Twin- ing or prostrate herbs or undershrubs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3, rarely 1, 5, or 7, some- times so close together that they appear digitate; stipules persistent, striate; flowers showy, often large, whitish, rose-colored, violet, or bluish, on axillary peduncles, 1 to numerous; lower bracts of the same form as the stipules, in pairs or connate above, bearing 1 or 2 flowersin the axils; bracteoles appressed to the calyx, striate, larger than the bracts. The genus Centrosema strongly resembles Clitoria in habit, but can be distinguished from it by the spurred standard and the much shorter calyx. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Upper calyx segments much shorter than the tube. Leaves 16 to 27.5 cm. long, turning black in drying; terminal leaflet 8.5 to 12 cm. long, broadly ovate; bracteoles ovate, twice as long as the calyx; “calyx teeth very short, unequal; pod 15 em. long, 11 to 13 mm. wide; ribs of the legume valves prominulous, 3.3 mm. distant from the margin; corolla white, variegated with bright purple and yellow. 1. C. plumiert. Upper calyx segments longer, rarely a little shorter, than the tube. The upper calyx segments equal to the tube, connected below the summit, inferior calyx lobe longer than the tube; leaf- lets 5 to 7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3.7 em. wide, ovate; bracteoles ovate, as long as the calyx; pod 5 to 6.5 mm. wide, the ribs’ of the legume valves 2.2 mm. from the margin. 2. C. pubescens. The upper calyx segments longer than the tube, free or con- nate at the base; leaflets 3.5 to 5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.5 em. wide; bracteoles ovate, somewhat exceeded by the calyx; pod 4.4mm. wide; ribs of the legume valves juxtamarginal. 3. (. virginianum. 1. Centrosema plumieri (Turp.) Benth. 4 (Urban, 300.) Stem twining, suffrutescent at the base; peduncle 2 or 3- (rarely 5 or 6-) flowered; calyx 6.5 mm. long; standard spurred above the calyx, 4 cm. in diameter, orbicular; wings narrowly oblong, falcate, shorter than the standard; keel large, broader and shorter than the wings; legume 15 cm. long, 1.3 em. wide, erect or slightly curved. Near Bayamon in thickets.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Kitts (Grisebach), Antigua, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Trinidad (Grisebach). Indigenous in tropical America. Centrosema plumeert is common on fences in the West Indies. The leaflets and flowers are larger than those of the other two species of Centrosema found in Porto Rico. The roots contain a volatile oil and a resin that is much used in popular medicine. Local name, conchita de Plumier (Cook and Collins). 2. Centrosema pubescens Benth.? (Urban, 300.) Stem twining; flowers few, at the apex of the peduncle, yellow; calyx 6.5 to 11 mm. deep; standard 2.5 cm. in diameter; keel wide, incurved; pod 15 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 6.5 mm. wide. «Cook and Gollins, p. 94, as Bradburya plumicri. 6 Cook and Collins, p. 94, as Bradburya pubescens. PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 201 Near Bayamon in thickets; near Coamo, in the valley of El Fuerte River; near Pepino; on declivities at Eneas; near Maricao in thickets on the river bank; near Cabo Rojo in copses; near Mayaguez; near Afiasco, in thickets at Calvache; near Rincon in coast districts; near Aguadilla, at Barrio Victoria.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martininque, St. Vincent, Trinidad. Widely distributed in tropical America. Local name, flor de pito. 3. Centrosema virginianum (I..) Benth. ¢ (Urban, 300.) Stems slender, firm, herbaceous, widely climbing; peduncle axillary, 1, sometimes 4-flowered; calyx 9 to 12 mm. deep; standard 2.5 cm. in diameter; flowers blue or white becoming blue; pod 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 3.3 to 4.4 mm. broad, nearly straight. Near Bayamon in thickets and grassy places, near Yabucoa, on the declivities of Mount Canto de Gallo; near Cayey, at Morillos Brook; near Guanica, in meadows at Montalba and between La Boca and Barinas; near Salinas de Cabo Rojo on the edge of the woods; near Mayaguez, on the declivities of Mount Mesa; near Utuado, in thickets at Cayuco.—Bermuda (Hemsley), Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Thomas, St. Croix, St. John (Eggers), St. Martin (Stockholm Herbarium), St. Bartholomew (do.), St. Kitts, Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Dominica (Grisebach), Martinique, St. Vincent, Bequia (Kew Bull. No. 81, p. 246), Mustique, Canouan (do.), St. Lucia (Grisebach), Barbados, Grenada, Tobago, Margarita. A common tropical American species, extending north to Maryland. Also in western tropical Africa. Centrosema virginianum resembles C. pubescens closely, but has a much narrower pod. Local name, conchita virginia (Cook and Collins). 3a. Centrosema virginianum angustifolium (DC.) Griseb. (Urban, 301.) Leaflets linear, or the inferior oblong. Near Mayaguez, on Mount Mesa.—Bahama, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, St. Martin (figure in Stockholm Herbarium), Antigua (Grisebach), Martinique. 54. TERAMNUS P. Br. Teramnus P. Br. Hist. Jam. 290. 1756. Calyx campanulate, the two upper teeth connate or separate, the others subequal; standard obovate, narrowed at the base, exappendiculate; wings narrow, adhering to the keel; keel shorter than the wings, almost straight, obtuse; stamens all connate, the 5 alternate anthers small, abortive; ovary sessile, multiovulate; style short, thick, beardless; stigma capitate; pod linear, 2-valved, septate between the seeds, rostrate.— Slender twining herbs; leaves pinnate; leaflets 8: stipules small; flowers minute, in racemes or fascicles in the axils or in pairs or fascicles along the rachis; bracts small; bracteoles linear or lanceolate, striate. . 1. Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. (Urban, 301.) Twining suffrutescent slender herbs; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; petioles 4 to 6 cm. long; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 5.5 to 8 cm. long, 2.25 to3 em. wide, pubescent above, sericeous beneath; flowers in long racemes, small, white or rose-colored, later pale @ Cook and Collins, p. 94, as Bradburya virginiana, 202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. blue; calyx 5-parted, lobes equal; standard obovate, 6.6 mm. long, wings narrowly oblong; keel shorter than the lobes of the calyx; pod 3.5 to 5 em. long, 3.5 mm. wide, slightly faleate, rusty-hirsute, terminated by a recurved beak; seeds yellow, oblong. Near Bayamon in grassy tracts; near Aibonito at Algarrobo; on precipices between Aibonito and Coamo; near Barranquitas; in thickets on the [sabon River; near Utuado in thickets at Los Angeles; near Pepino, on shady declivities at Eneas; near Maricao in thickets on the river bank; near Mayaguez among shrubs in moist meadows; near Cabo Rojo in thickets.—Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti. Tropical America. In the Antilles the leaves of 7. wneinatus are used as a purgative and the flour of the seeds for poultices to reduce inflammation. Local name, cresta de gallo blanco. 55. ERYTHRINA L. Erythrina L, Sp. Pl. 2: 706. 1753. Mouricou ApANS. Fam. 2: 326. 1763. Calyx bilabiate or spathaceous, slit down to the base on the lower side, the teeth short or elongated; standard ample and elongated, erect or patent, subsessile or fur- nished with a claw, not appendiculate at the base, wings short or none; keel much shorter than the standard, shorter or longer than the wings, its petals often free; upper stamen free or connate with the others below; anthers uniform; ovary stalked, multi- ovulate; style subulate, incurved, beardless, with a small, terminal, subcapitate stigma; pod stalked, linear, faleate, narrowed at the base and apex, compressed or subterete, much constricted between the seeds, both sutures or only the upper one splitting; seeds distant, ovoid or oblong.— Trees, or at times almost herbaceous shrubs, with thick, often aculeate branches; leaves pinnate with 3 leaflets; stipules glandular, at the base of each leaflet; flowers large, usually scarlet, axillary or terminal, in racemes or in small clusters in the axils; bracts and bracteoles small or wanting. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Calyx broadly campanulate; keel gamopetalous; standard long- stipitate. L. FB. glauca. Calyx subtubulose, truncate; standard. sessile or subsessile, oblong. Keel petals free; keel short, a little shorter than the calyx; leaves chartaceous; seeds scarlet with a black spot. 2. KE. corallodendron. Keel gamopetalous, long, only a little shorter than the stand- 5 , oS ? ard; leaves membranous or subpapyraceous; seeds dark brown. 3. HE. aicropteryx. 1. Erythrina glauca Willd. (Urban, 302.) Tree 13 meters high; leaves 20 to 30 cm, long; leaflets broadly ovate, obtuse at the apex, rotundate at the base, 9 to 12 cm. long, 8 to 8.5 em, wide, coriaceous or charta- ceous; racemes 15 to 20 em. long; calyx 1 to 2 cm, deep; flowers deep saffron yellow; standard 5 to 6.5 cm. long; wings 2.5 em. long; keel 3 to 3.5 em. long; pod sublignose, 17 to 25 em. long, 1.5 em. wide; seeds dark brown. Near Bayamon, on the bank of the river around Guinabo.—Cuba (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Venezuela, Tropical America. The saffron-yellow flowers and-the very long (sometimes 25 cm.) woody pods of EF. glauca are very striking. It has by far the deepest calyx of all the Porto Rican species. Local name, bucago, PERKINS—THE LEGUMINOSAE OF PORTO RICO. 2038 . 2. Erythrina corallodendron L. (Urban, 302.) Shrub 3 to 4 meters high, climbing, or tree 3 to 6 meters high, armed; leaflets broadly ovate-rhomboid, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, 5 to 14.5 cm. long; flowers in axillary racemes 12 to 35 cm. long, coral-colored; standard 5 to 6.5 cm. long; calyx 8.5 to 10 mm. long, a little exceeded by the wings; pod 10 cm. long, | em. wide. Near Bayamon, in calcareous mountains; near Sabana Grande, in thickets on the rocky banks of Estero River near the cataract; near Aflasco; near Rincon, in thickets on the shore at Cabo San Francisco.—Bermuda (introduced, Hemsley), Cuba, Jamaica (in the form grandiflora), Cayman (Hitchcock), St. Thomas (Eggers), St. Croix (do.), St. John, St. Bartholomew (Wikstrém), St. Kitts (Euphrasén), Antigua (Grisebach), Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent, Grenada, Tobago (in the form grandiflora), Mexico. Tropical America. Erythrina corallodendron on account of the size of its flowers is a very noticeable tree. It differs from EF. micropteryx in having a short keel and red seeds. The three Ery- thrina species of Porto Rico are at first armed, later they become glabrous. From the soft, corky wood of E. corallodendron, coral wood, arbol madre of the Mexi- cans, are manufactured corks, light ladders, etc. Local name, bucare. 3. Erythrina micropteryx Poepp. (Urban, 301.) Tree 15 to 20 meters high, armed; leaflets 11 to 16 cm. long, 7 to 12 cm, wide, orbicular- oval, obtuse or abruptly acuminate; flowers in racemes, bright red; calyx 6 mm. deep; standard elliptical or narrowly oval, 3.5 to 4.2 cm. long; wings twice as long as the calyx, obovate or oval-elliptical; keel a little shorter than the standard, bidentate; pod 7 to 13 em, long, chartaceous; seeds dark brown. Cultivated for shading coffee plantations and seemingly wild near Bayamon; near Cayey, at Quebrada Arriba; near Adjuntas, on Mount Capaes; near Utuado, at Salto Arriba; near Lares, at Mirasol and at Espino; near Quebradillas and near Toa Alta,— Cuba, Jamaica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad. Indigenous in Peru. The long keel of E. micropteryx makes it easy to distinguish from the other Porto Rican species; the brown seeds, from £. corallodendron. Local names, bucare, palo de boyo; Cuba, peion de Cuba (Eggers); Guadeloupe, immortel jaune (Duss); Martinique, erythrine de cayenne (Hahn); Peru, a’ma-stsa (Spruce). 56. RUDOLPHIA Willd. Rudolphia Witip. Ges, Naturf. Fr. Berlin Neue Schrift 3: 451. L801. Calyx tubuliform, the 2 upper segments connate or subconnate, the 2 lateral much smaller, the lowest one cuspidate and slightly arcuate; standard oblong, plicate; the wings and the free petals of the keel narrow and much shorter than the standard; upper stamen free; ovary stipitate or sessile; style more or less dilated in the middle; stigma terminal, subcapitate; pod elongated, flat, tipped with the persistent base of the style, 2-valved; valves finally tortuose, pulpy within; seeds flat, obovate.—Twin- ing undershrubs or herbs; leaves with one leaflet; flowers elongated, purple, red, or flesh-colored, in axillary racemes or fasciculate on the rachis; bracts and bracteoles stnall and caducous. 204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Rudolphia volubilis Willd. (Urban, 302.) Twining; leaflets cordate, rarely broadly ovate, 5 to 10 em..long, 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, truncate at the base, acuminate; pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long; calyx purple, 2.0 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla coral-colored, pale purple or blood-red; standard 4.0 to 4.5 em. long, 1.2 to 1.3 em. wide; wings 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long, 0.7 to 1 mm. wide; keel petals 1.2 to 1.6 cm. long, 0.7 to 1 mm. wide. In the primeval forest, not unuswal—e. g., near Bayamon; near Rio Blanco; in Sierra de Luquillo on Mount Jimenez; Sierra de Naguabo on Mount Piedra Pelada; near Yabucoa, at Guayabota and on Mount Piedra Azul; near Hato Grande on Mount Gregorio; near Aibonito, at Guyon; near Cayey, on Mount Torito; near Adjuntas on Mount Serrote; near Pefuelas, at Las Cruces; near Maricao on Mount Alegrillo; near Mayaguez on Mount Mesa; in Sierra de Lares at Guajataca. Indigenous. Local names, bejuco colorado, bejuco de alambre, bejuco prieto 57. MUCUNA 308 page M3 8o a ee 8k pets Bagesest “e fe 5 _ . eee out sbbeets 2 $ BOBS 205, ne gireBs 8 Pies DIATOMS OF THE GENERA ACTINOPTYCHUS, ASTEROMPHALUS, AND STEPHANOPYXIS. PLATE NEVE. 425 PLATE XLVI. Fic. 1.—Biddulphia alaskiensis Mann. Enlarged 450 diameters. Description, p. 298. Fig, 2.—Biddulphia roperiana Grey. (a smooth variety). Enlarged 400 diameters. Description, p. 308. Fig, 3.—Biddulphia culeitela Mann. Enfarged 660 diameters. Description, p. 800. Fig, 4.—Biddulphia subjuncta Mani. Enlarged 660 diameters. Description, p. 311. Fig. 5.—Biddulphia luminosa (Temp. and Br.) Mann. Enlarged 660 diameters. 426 Description, p. 305, PLaTeE XLVI. r. Nat. Rerb., Vol, X + Con . %e, Wi { { woe & @Fer ot DIATOMS OF THE GENUS BIDDULPHIA. PLATE NLVITL. FIG FIG. FIG FIG PLATE XLVII. . 1.—Biddulphia extensa Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 575 diameters, Description, p. 302. 2.—Biddulphia extensa Mann (valval view). Enlarged 575 diameters. Description. p. 302. .3.—Biddulphia scutellum Mann, Enlarged 375 diameters. Description, p, 809. .4.—Biddulphia gladiorum Mann. Enlarged 750 diameters. Description, p. 304. 428 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X, PLATE XLVI Ree tse 2 uy DIATOMS OF THE GENUS BIDDULPHIA. PLATE NEVIEL Fra FIG FIG PLATE XLVIII. . 1.—Coscinodiseus deformatus Mann. . 2.—Coscinodiscus deformatus Mann, . 3.—Coscinodiscus pustulatus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters, Enlarged 550 diameters, Enlarged 375 diamcters. Fig. 4.—Coseinodiscus robustus Grey. (variety with open girdle). tion, p. 258. 45uU Description, p. 250, Description, p. 250. Description, p. 257, Enlarged 375 diameters. Descrip- Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLaTe XLVIII. ¥ aE EE = eee ti et} DIATOMS OF THE GENUS COSCINODISCUS. PLATE XLEX. 451 PLATE XLIX. Fic. 1.—Coscinodiscus undulosus Mann, Enlarged 550 diameters. Deveription, p. 259. Fic. 2.— Coscinodiscus marginatus Ehrenb, variety (2?) Enlarged 375 diameters. Description, p. 253. 432 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLATE XLIX. DIATOMS OF THE GENUS COSCINODISCUS. PLATE 1. 433 PLATE L. Fig. 1.—Coscinodiscus verecundus Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Description, p. 259, Fria. 2.—Cyclotella regina Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Deseription, p. 265, Fig, 3.—Melosira medusa Mann. Enlarged 500 diameters. Description, p. 238. Fig. 4.—Melosira scopos Mann, Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 239. Fic. 5.—Stictodiscus gelidus Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p, 268, FIG. 6.—Tripodiscus beringensis Mann. Description, p. 278. 434 PLATE L. Contr, Nat. Herb., Vol. X. DIATOMS OF SEVERAL GENERA. PLATE Ul. PLATE LI. Fig. 1.—Melosira coronaria Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 600 diameters, Description, p. 237. Fig. 2.—Melosira coronaria Mann (valval view). Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 287. Fig, 3.—Campylodiscus galapagensis Mann. Enlarged 300 diameters. Description, p. 387. Fig, 4-—Trigonium rusticum Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 294. Fig, 5.—Trigonium adspersum Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 292, 436 PLaTe LI. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. oo) cA? 0 00 089 00, “ vO DIATOMS OF THE GENERA MELOSIRA, CAMPYLODISCUS, AND TRIGONIUM. PLATE LIL. 437 FIG. FIG, FG FIG. Fig, Fia. Fig. PLATE LIT. 1.—Plagiogramma seeptrum Mann (valval view). Enlarged 375 diameters. Description, p. 326, 2.—Plagiogramma sceptrum Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 3875 diameters. Description, p, 326, 3.—Navieula vidovichii Grun, (form). Enlarged 550 diameters. Description, p. 358. 4.—Navicula curvilineata Mann, Enlarged 515 diameters. Description, p. 341. 5,—Navicula speciosa Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. Description, p. 396. 6.—Navicula gyrinida Mann. Enlarged 660 diameters, Deseription, p. 344. 7.—Navicula spuma Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters, Description, p. 357. 438 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. PLate LIl. sbaaigeti ceva 0 QUUUCUUCO SUC CC CLITA ATTIC £990099000000000000 00° GOB 00000000 000000 0 Og + Jn 6 DIATOMS OF THE GENERA PLAGIOGRAMMA AND NAVICULA, PLATE LILL 15 439 317138—voL 10, pr 5—O07 Fig. FIG. Fra, Fic Fig. Fig. Fig. PLATE LIIE. 1.—Naricula undata Mann. Enlarged 990 diameters. Description, p. 358. 2.—Naricula ardua Mann (valval view). Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 336. 3,.—Navicula ardua Mann (zonal view). Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p. 336. .4.—Navicula prodiga Mann. Enlarged 600 diameters. Description, p, 352. 5.—Navicula pinguis Mann. Enlarged 375 diameters. Description, p. 350. 6.—Naricula invenusta Mann (type). Enlarged 375 diameters, Degeription, p. 346. 7.—Navicula invenusta Mann (form). Enlarged 875 diameters. Description, p. 346. 440 PLate LIII. X, Vol. Contr. Nat. Herb., at mb ‘“y PAT RF ab) Ch MRMNAMMAALELA Aa tre TT Beat Sa DIATOMS OF THE GENUS NAVICULA. PLATE LIV. 441 PLATE LIV. i. 1.—Tripodiscus concentricus Mann (type). i, 2.—Tripodiscus concentricus Mann (form). 1, 3.—Tripodiseus larus Mann, Enlarged 550 diameters. »4.— Tripodiseus cosmiodiscus Mann. Enlarged 550 diameters. 442 Enlarged 600 diameters. Enlarged 600 diameters, Description, p. 278, Description, p, 278, Description, p, 279, Description, p. 279. PLATE LIV. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. DIATOMS OF THE GENUS TRIPODISCUS. INDEX OF GENERA. (Synonvins in italics, ) Page, COTINNG, cee een eee eee ee teens 312 COTONID .. 0... eee eee eee cece eee cece eee eens 386 Coscinodiscus .............. 02. e eee eee eee 231, 246 CO8CINOMISCUS 0.0. cee eee 244, 260, 264, 281 Cosmiodiscus....--....--55 cece e eee eee eeeee 246 ' Craspedodiscus ..............2. 000020 ee 281, 264 Craspedodiscus, ........0-0c cece cece eee eeee 240, 272 CrESWENID . eect eeeeeees 244 Cyclotella........ 22.2. e eek eee eee ee eee ee 231, 265 Cy ClOtell. occ cece cece eee e eee eee e eee 240, 267 CyMatOpleUrd occ ccececeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeee 382 Cymbell . 22... c cece cence eee 265, 333, 371, 378, 377 CymDOPhord... 0.6.22. e cece eee cece cece eee eeees 371 Cystopleura, . 2.0.0.6... ee ee eee eee eee ee eee 235, 377 Dactyliosolen. ... 0. cece cence eee eee eens 284 Debya 2.220... eee eee eee teenies 269 Denticeua 2.0... ccc cece cece eee e eee e eee ene 298 Denticula.............. 222. e eee eee eee eee 234, 318 Denticula oo... c cee cccceccceeeeeeeee 325, 327, 378, 382 DidtOMaG . 00... eee eee eee eee 299, 307, 312, 319, 320 Diatomella 0.0... ccc eee eee cece eeeees 319 Dichomeris . 2.00.0... eee cece eee ences 316 DICK CIN oo ee eee eee 333, 368 Dicladia 0... cc ccc eee cece eee ene 285 DictyOpyxis 2.0.0 cece cee ene eee eee 244 Dimeregramma.........6.. 0-02 ee eee eee ee 234, 327 DIMEVEGVAMIMNA. 0... cece eee eee eee 378 Diploneis. ccc e ccc eee eee ence ee eee 333 DisCOPled 0.0.20 eee ee eee eeee 239, 265, 267 Disiphonia . cc. 20... cece cece cece eee eens 319 Ditylum 2.00.00... 0... cee eee eee eee eee 233, 296 DONKINIG. 00 eee eee 362 DorypRora . 2.2... eee ee eee eee eee 360 Feninela oc. ccc cece eee ec e eens 325 ENCYONEING Loc cee cee eee eens 371 ENdictyQ. oo... ce eee eee eee 246 EMNtOMONEIS . 2... eee ee eee tees 368 Entopyla ....... 0.0.02. eee ence eee ee eee 234, 3823 Entopyla...... 200.0025. cece eee cee eee eee eee 324 Epithemia .. 2.0.0.2. - eee eee eee eee 377 Ethmodiscus ......2.00 02200 eee eee eee 246 EUCOMPIG. oc eee ee eee eee ee 283 BUN Olid. cc ce cc ce eens 318, 377 EUOdiG 2. ccc eee eens 316 Bu pleurid. 22.20 cece eee eee eee eee eee 323, 824 EU podiseus cece cece cece ee 249, 251, 260, 277, 282 Pragilarid 0... ccc eect eee eee ee 319 Frustulia ........ 22.2... ee eee eee 235, 359 Fyusttid cocce cece cece es 333, 362, 371, 373, 377, 382 CGAMONEUA . occ cece eee eee eee eee eee 236 GALIONENG . ce cee eee eee 236 GephyTid .. 0... eee eee eee eee ees 234, 324 COPRYVi oo ccc cee eee eee eee eee 323 COMPNONEIS 0.0.2 eee eee cee ee eee 370 Page. Achnanthes ............0.-5 0 cece cece eee 234, 327 Achnanthes ..........00 22 eeeeeeeeeeee 323, 824 Achnanthidium ....... 20000. e cece eee 327, 333 ACLINIBSCUS. 2. oe eee eee 285 Actinocyelus .......... 222. e eee eee ee eee 231,260 | ActinoCcyClUs 0.20.0... eee cece eee eee eee 240, 269 ACHINOGTOAMIMNG 6... cc eee eee eee eens 273 Actinophaenia .... 20.66. cece eee eee eee 269 Actinoptychus .................. 22 eee eee 232, 269 ACtinOptyChUs... 06. c cece eee eee eee ee 260, 267 AU ONES. cence eee ween eee 336 Amphicampa.. 2.2.2.0. 2 0c eee eee eee eee 368 AmphipentAs. 0.0. .000. eee e cece eee eee eens 289 AMphipleurd.. .. 0.00... sec e ee eee eens 360, 378 Amphiprora......... cece eee e eee ee ee eees 235, 368 Amphiprord ....0....- 220 eee ee eee eee 383, 367 Amphitetras. oo... eee cece cence ees 289, 298 Amphitropts ....00.0. 00000 cee eee eee eee 368 Amphora ........... 20020 cece eee e eee eee 235, 373 ANOMOCONEIS «2. eee eee eee eee eee 333 Anorthoneis.. 0.0.00 22200 eee eee eee cent 328 Anthodiscus............2......22-222-22205 269 AVAchnodiscus . 2.0.0... 0022 eee eee 266 Arachnoidiscus 2... .00 020 eee eee 266 Asterolampra.....-.......00-2220ee eee eee 282,272 | Asterolampra ....... 0.0022 eee ee ete eee eee eee 273 Asteromphalus..............---------005 232, 273 Asteromphalus . 2.000... 0202 e eee eee ee eee 272 AUthYO 6.00.2 eee eee eee 283 Awlacodiscus.... 0.002.000 eee ee eee eee 277 Aulacoseivd ... 2.2.66... eee eee e cece eeeeee 236 Auliseus .......00 2.00.02 0 cee cece ee eee 232, 281 AULISCUS 2.0.0 e ce nc eee eee eee 260 Bacillaria. .......022 00022 eee eee ee eee 349, 371, 378 Bacteriastram. .. 22.00.0000 cece eee eee 285 Berkeley oo... ccc eee eee eee eee eens 360 Biddulphia...........--- 0-0-2... ee eee eee 233, 298 Biddulphia . 2.0.2... 2 202202 e ee ee eee eee eee 289 | Brebissonia ......0...2-22 0c e ee eee eee 360 | CQlodiscus .. 00.0200 cee ccc cece cnet eee 386 Caloneis.. 0.00000 ee eee eee 333 Campylodiscus ...............5-22+e2 ee eee 236, 386 Campylonets 2.0.2... cece eee eee 328 Cerataulus ...00 0... cece ee cee ee ee eee ees 282,298 CestodisCus.. 2.0.00... cece eee eee eee ee 246, 289 Chaetoceros .... 0.2.2... 22.2.2 e ee ee ee ee 233, 285 Clavicul. 2... cee eee ett eee eee 325 Climacosphenia ..............--2+--2-.+--- 234, 325 Cocconeis............ 2.02.2 234, 328 COCCONEIS 2. ee eee eee 368, 373, 384 Cocconema ...........22..00 eee eee eee es 285, 371 COCCONEMA .. 2... eee eee eee eee 360 Colleton ma... 0. cece eee eee 333, 360 CONfETUG «2.22 eee eee eee eee 312 VIl VIII Page Gomphonella . 2.0... eee cece eee cee eee ee 370 | Gomphonema ...-......-. 222-00. .ee ee eee 235, 370 GOMPNONEMA, ©. 0-0 eee cee eee eee 371 Gontothecium 20... 02 eee 285, 316 Grammatophora..........-....2-2--- fo... 284,319 GYUNOWED 6 occ cece eee eee e eee ee eee eee e eee 378 Guinardid . 0.2.0... 22 eee eee eee 2s4 Gyrosigma........ wee ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 235, 362 HAlMiOnyt . 0. eee eee 269 Heantzschia......... cece eee eee eee e cece ee eeee 378 Heliopelta.. 2.2.2... 22 eee cee eee eee 269 Hemiaulus.....................---..----5- 233, 312 Hemiqulus . 0.020 oc ce wees 312,313 Hemidiscus..............0.00.0220 cee e eee 233, 316 Hemiptychus..............2....02....200-- 232,266 | TerCoth@ed 2... oe eee eee eee 285 Ileterostephania ... 0.22.0 0202 000 c eee ee 246 TTyalodiseus. 0.00... 00022 2c eee 210, 260, 264 Hydrosera.....0 .. 2.2 eee eee eee cece eee eeeeeee 314 Isthmia...........2.-2. 0222202222 283, 311 Isthmiella . 02.00 cece cece ee 312 TOARASCHIG occ ee eee cee eee ee es 246 LAMpriscus ....2..02020 022 e eee eee ee 410 Lauderid... 22.0. eee eee cence eee eee 284 Lepidodiscus ..............0. 202 c eee eee eee 269 Leptocylindricus 22... 2.22000 284 Lithostylidium . 2.0... 00.000. 2 cece eee 389 Ly8tQOnNtum 2.0.22. cee eee eee eee 236 Margaritoxicon. ......0.000 000020 eee eee 323 Mastodiscus ..... 00.022. 20-0 220 c cece eee eee 281 Mastogloia .........2....0. 222.2022 e ee eee 235, 368 Melosira...........20.. 2000022 e ee eee eee eee 231, 236 MelO8iN 2 ocean n eee e eens 240 Meridion. 0.000060. c cece nee neces 370 Mesasterias.. 2.0.2... 00 cece eee ce eee eee es 273 Micre podiscus.... 0.222002 22 eee eee eee 2416, 260 MONOQrAMING . 2. ee eee 327 Navicula ...........2........ eeeeeeeee eee. 285,333 Navicula.........- 360, 368, 871, 373, 377, B78, 882, 384 | NOCIKIUM 2 oe eee ce ee cee eee ees 333 Nitzschia ..........2.2.20...22202-0-00-0006- 236, 378 Nitzschia. 0.000000. eee eee eee 317, 384 Niteschiella.. 2.0.0... e ee eee 378 Nothoceratium 2.0.20. .0 eee eee een eee 267, 289 Novilld.. 2.02200 ee ee ee 384 OdONEOUA, 0.0 ccc ec ee teens 298 OdOREICIUM. oo cc cece eee eee eee 318 Odontodiseus... 0.00... e eee eee 246 Odontotropis . 0.0... cece eee ee 298 Omphalopelte oo... cece cee eee 269 Orthonets 2. eee 328 OVtROSETI A Loc ne cee eee 236 PALMEOPIQ. oo cc ence ee 316 PAVALID 2 ee eee eee eee 236 Pentapodisceus . 2.0.02. 00 220.2 eee eee ee eee 277 Peragauia . 2.0... eee eee 285 Periptera 2.00.0... 0. eee eee eee eee eee 285 POITYQ. 0222 ee eee 378 Pinnularia 22.2.0... 0.002 333, 371 Plagiodiseus 2.2... 00.20 eee eee eee 384 Plagiogramma .........-..-2...---2------- 234, 825 Plagiotropis.................22. ec ee eens 235, 367 Pleurodesmiunt ....2..000000000005 02222 ee 3l4 PlEUPOSIGMA 60 ee ee ee ee B83, BE PleurGsiphonia .. 0.2.2... 2. eee eee ee eee eee ee 368 INDEX OF GENERA. Page. PLCUVOSLAUYOR oc ce ene eens 333 PIOUVOSLAUIUMNL 6 cece eee 351 Ploiaria.. 0.2.0... cee eee eee 288, 312 DPOAISCUS 00 ccc eee eee eee 277 Podosira.... 0.2.0... 0c cece ee eee 231, 240 POM OSINE . oo ee eee 260 Polymyxus........-.. Sheen ee eee cece eee eeee 276 POVOQISCUS 60 cee ee eee eee 237, 264 Porpeia 2.2.2.2... 0.0.2 cee eee cece eee ee 233, 315 Pritchardia . 2... 0006. eee ee eens 378 Pseudauliscus....... Lecce eeeeeee ee eee eeeeeee 282 Pseudotriceratiwm. .. 0.0.00... eee ee eee eee 289 Pupp Godiscus . 00... cee eee ees 237 Pywidicula .......0.20..0-0. 240, 244, 260, 264, 265 Raphoneis.... 0.00.20. c eee ce cee eee eee 329 Reicheuia oo... 0c cee cee eee 360 Rhabdonema .... 0.00.00. ee eee cee wees 321 Rhizosolenia ............2..20.. 02000008 . 232, 283 PhOUCOSIQME ©... cee ee ee eee 362 ROpCrid . 2.0. e cece cece cece ee eee ee cee 260 Rutilaria .........0000.0..0025 00002 233,317 Schizonema..... ce eeaee bce eee cece eee eee 338, 360 | Sch Wwettia. .. 02. oo ce eee ce eee 269 ( SCOMOpLOUIG. 00 eee 336, 349 ShCLMONCMG oo eee eee 285 SOMWIM 0c cc eee eee eee eee 313 Spatangidium . 0... 00 cc cece ccc eee eee 273 SPhenelld. occ cc ccc cece cece cence reece cee ewes 370 | Sphenosiv . 0.20... 00 00 ccc eevee ees ceceeeeeee 370 | Sphinetoeystis. 0.0.00 .......0.0.0.2ee eee 236, 382 SIQUPONEES 0. cc cee cee eee 3338, 372 SHAUPOpterd. 26. oo eee eee eee es 333 Sfenonels oo... eee eee cee ee ee cece eee eeee 333 | Stenopterobid... 2.0.00... .. cece eee 384 | Stephanopyxis.............222.0..22-0055- 231, 243 | Stietodiseus.....0... 002.00. c cece cece eee ee 232, 267 | StCLOMISCUS ooo cc cece cee cence cease 260 SUQMAPhOIG 00... 0 eee nee eee 368 STOSCHIG 2.2 ee eee eee 246 Striatella. 0... 00. cece eee eee 319, 321 SUPT YO occ eee eee eee ee 3384 Surirella........ 2020000022 cece cece eee 236, 383 Surtvella .. 2.22. c ee eee 323, 329, 378, 382, 386 Symbolophora 2... o.oo cence ee 246 SYNOYCU ooo ccc nec cence eens 371 Sundendriuan oo. 0. eee ee eee eee eee 285 SUNCUIO. occ eee eee eee eee eee ee 333, 378 SystepHanid 0.0.0. eee ce eee eee 243 Terpsinoe ....... cece eee eee eee 233, 314 Tessella .......0.0 00.220. e eee eee eee 234, 321 Tetragvrammd .. 0.0206 ec ee ee eee 314 Tetrapodtseus oo. 00200. cece neces 277 ToxOnide 0.2.0.0 cece ce eee eee 362 Trachyneis....... cee eee eee eee eee eee 336, 338 Tricerativm. .. 00.0. 267, 289, 296, 298, 314 Trigonium....... cece e eee e eee eee ---- 233, 289 THIN QC oo eee teens 312 Tripodiscus. 2.2.0.2... 4.2. ee eee eee ee eee 232, 277 Tropldonets ccc ccc ccc cece eee eee eee ee 367 Tryblionella . occ. eee eee 378 Van Heurehia. 0.0.0 cc eee eee eee 359 Wille mOesia . 00. occ eee eee ee 246 Wittia oo... ec cece eee eee 269 XNanthiopyxis ..0000 22... ...0 0.2 0c eee eee 3389 ZY QOCOLOS occ ee een eee ence eens 289, 298, 306 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS. FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM Votume X, Part 6 THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA By C. B. CLARKE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X, PART 6 THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA By C. B. CLARKE WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Issuep JANUARY 21, 1908. PREFACE. Several years ago Prof. Henri Pittier, while actively engaged in studying the plants of Costa Rica, invited Mr. C. B. Clarke, then the greatest living authority on the Cyperaceae, to prepare a synopsis of the genera and species of that family found in Costa Rica. This work was gladly undertaken by Mr. Clarke. Soon after the synopsis was sub- mitted Professor Pittier left Costa Rica to accept a position in the De- partment of Agriculture, in Washington, and after his arrival offered the paper to the United States National Museum for publication. Mr. Clarke having died in the meantime, it seemed desirable to pub- lish it with as little change as possible. As it was prepared in Latin, however, the Advisory Committee on Publications recommended that it should be translated into English, and Dr. E. lL. Greene was asked to prepare the manuscript. In performing this task Doctor Greene has followed as closely as possible the terms and phrasing of Mr. Clarke’s papers written in English. Further changes consist in the with- drawal of the bibliography following each species name, the arrange- ment of the synonomy in chronogical order, and the insertion of the dates of publication. The names of periodicals have also been sub- stituted in the citations for subtitles, and a number of names which are clearly nomina nuda have been withdrawn. One‘new specific name has been changed because it was found to be a homonym. J. N. Rose, Acting Curator. Til CONTENTS. Synoptical key to the genera... . 2.050... - +--+ -0 000s e ee ee esse ccr teers tts Annotated catalogue of the genera and species. ......-.- +++ 25252522550 r rere \ INDEX OF GENERA. [Synonyms in italics. ] Page Tsolepis 2.0.22 een eee eee eee neces 459, 460 Kyllinga ...........-.22.-2200 eee eee eee eee 444-445 Limnochloa ..........2.--202 20000 e eee eee 455, 457 Luzula 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 467 Typrolepis .. 0.22... cece eee ee eee eee eee 445 | Macrolomia .. 0... 0.022. c eee eee eee 467 Mapania........... 222222202 e eee eee eee 471 Mariscus......-..--..-..2--------220e- 451-458, 454 Mastigosclerid .... 0.0.20 -022 cece eee eee eee 466 Mitrospora ...20.. 02222020 c eee eee eee eee eee 463 OnCOStYUUS 0. oc eee ne eee eee 459 Ophryosclerid .. 00.2... e ee eee eee eee eee 467 PsilOCAryG 2.222022. cee eee eee eee eee eee 464 Pycreus........20.00. 2220-2 eee eee eee 445-447 Rynchospora ........-------+---+- 462-465, 459, 461 Schoenus ....2..------- 444, 459, 461, 462, 463, 465, 466 Scirpidium. 2.20.00. cece eee eee eee eee -eee. © 456 Seirpus ............-2---5- 460, 449, 455-161, 463, 465 Scleria.........0 000000020 c cece eee eee eee 465-466 Spermodon ........--20 020222 e eee eee eee eee 464 Stenophyllus... 2.0.20. 0 0 eee ee eee eee eee ee eee 459 Trichelostylis.. 0.00.00 cece een e eee e eee eee 458, 459 Uneinia.. 2.2... .2 2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 468 Page. Abilgaardia..........2.2202 00.2 eee eee eee eee 458 ANOSPOPUM . 2... 0... ee eee eee eee eee 460 Beequerelia ..........0. 202-202 e eee eee eee ee 467 Bulbostylis ...........200.¢2+eeeeeeeeeeee eee 459 Calyptrocarya ........2.2--.0- 202s ee eee eee ee 467 Calyptrostylis . 0.0.2... .022 2 eee eee eee eee 463 OF i V1. Daulichium op. 460) Rachilla short, persistent. Bristles none; style branches 2, long; head of spikelets, one only........---------20+- 2-022 12. Dichromena (p. 461) Style branches 2, very short in those species hay- ing monocephalous inflorescence, long in those with inflorescence not monocephalous....-.---- 13. Rynchospora (p. 462) Subfamily IT. Sclericariceae. Flowers all unisexual, the fertile ones axillary. 443 444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Fertile flower subtended by an oval glume. (ScLERICEAE. ) Fertile spikelet of one basal pistillate flower and one or more staminate flowers, or rudiments of them above lt... 2.0.2.0... 2.2. eee eee ee eee eee eee 14. Scleria (p. 465) Fertile spikelet subtended at base by a few staminate flowers ........- Lee eee cece eee eee ee eee eens 15. Calyptrocarya (p.467) Fertile flower naked, inclosed withina utricle. (CARICEAE.) Utricle inclosing a long hooked bristle .............. 16. Uneinia (p. 468) Utricle inclosing nothing but the pistil.............. 17. Carex (p. 468) Subfamily III. Mapanieae. Flowers all unisexual; the terminal fertile one naked, and together with the 2 to 6 inferior and staminate, forming a small spikelet with the appearance of being t-flowered with the flower perfect. Spikes compound-paniculate, subumbellate............-. 18. Hypolytrum (p. 470) Spikes glomerate, forming a single dense head. ..........-. 19. Mapania (p. 471) ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. 1. KYLLINGA Rottb.¢ Spikelet of 4 or 5 glumes; rachilla jointed above the 2 lowest glumes, thence cadu- cous; glumes 2-ranked; the third embracing a bisexual fertile flower, those above it empty; hypogynous bristles none; stamens | to 3, anterior; style bifid; nut laterally compressed,—Plants glabrous. Leaves all near the base of the stem. Inflorescence densely capitate, composed of | to 3 sessile spikes, each of an indefinite number of spikelets. Species 45, distributed throughout the warmer parts of the world. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Keel of nut-bearing glume smooth or setulose, not winged. (EUKYLLINGA.) Rhizome elongated, horizontal, stoutish. Leaves grassy, with long-attenuate apex .............--..--- 1. K. brevifolia. Leaves rather short, abruptly narrowed at apex ........... 2. K. pungens. Leaves none, or hardly any, scariously colored............. 3. A. peruvana. Annuals or biennials, the rhizome very short or wanting. Nut-bearing glume glandless, setulose-scabrous on the keel. 4. A. pumila. Nut-bearing glume with scattered red glands, smooth on the keel. ....2........-0202000 0222202222222 5. A. odorata. 1. Kyllinga brevifolia Rotth. Descr. & Ic. 18: pl. 4. f. 3. 1773. Schoenus coloratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 43. 1753, in part. DistripuTIoN: Around the world in the warmer regions. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Tufs, altitude 650 meters, Tonduz 9218. 2. Kyllinga pungens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 326. 1827. Kyllinga obtusata J. 8. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 183. 1828. DistRIBUTION: In South America frequent; in Africa and Asia rare. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2587. 3. Kyllinga peruviana Lam. Encyc. 3: 366. 1789. Kyllinga vaginata Lam. Ill. 1: 148. 1791. Kyllinga capitata Beauv. Fl. d’Owar. 1: pl. 37. 1804. Kyllinga aphylla Kunth, Enum. 1: 127. 1837. @ The character of the genus here, as also in the case of each of the following, is drawn up as having in view no other than the Costa Rican species. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 445 Lyprolepis denudata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 130. 1855. Disrripution: Tropical America and Africa. Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Puerto Limon, Pitter 4215; Boca Banana, Tondiz 9122. 4. Kyllinga pumila Michx. Fl. 1: 28. 1803. Kyllinga caespitosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 12. 1842, excluding Kunth synonym and variety /. DistRiBUTION: Common throughout tropical and temperate America; frequent in Africa. Costa Rican coELectTions: Hoffmann 231, 437, 469; Polakowsky 4, 160, 409; San Carlos, Tonduz 2583; Boruca, Tonduz 4793: Talamanca, Tonduz 8747; Rio Tufs, alti- tude 600 meters, Jonduz 8180; Turrialba, altitude 570 meters, Tonduz 8264; Rio Aqua Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pitter 2403. 5. Kyllinga odorata Vahl, Enum. 2: 382. 1806. Kyllinga elongata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 211. 1815. DistripuTIon: Very common in North and South America from Louisiana to Uruguay. Costa Rican coLLections: Hoffmann 702; Rio San Juan, Pittier 2580; Greytown; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8849; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 434. 2. PYCREUS Beauv. Spikelets 5 to many-flowered; rachilla persistent; two lowest glumes empty, per- sistent; 4 or more next succeeding 2-ranked, bisexual, perfecting nuts, caducous in fruit from the lowest upward; a few of the uppermost sterile or vacant, arranged in about 3 spirals; hypogynous bristles none; stamens | to 3, anterior; style branches 2, ona plane passing through the rachilla; nut laterally compressed.—Plants glabrous. Stems leafy near the base, otherwise naked. Spikelets arranged in spikes, often dense, hardly digitate. Species 63 distributed to the warmer regions of both hemispheres, a few extending to within the Temperate Zone. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Superficial cells of the nut, at least in many, longitudinally oblong; nut transversely and delicately undulate-lineate. (ZONATAE.) Annual, tufted, often simply umbellate..................-. 1. P. flavescens. Superficial cells of the nut subquadrate; nut minutely reticu- late, punctulate, or granular. (RETICULATAE.) Spikelets straw-colored or brownish-yellow. Umbels crowded into a single head................---. 2. P. propinquus. Spikes subglobose, commonly umbellate............-- 3. P. helvus. Spikelets chestnut-brown or variegated with chestnut. Annual, spikelets subinflated, arranged in loose spikes. 4. P. lagunetto. Stems decumbent at base, often creeping; spikelets rigid, forming dense spikes. Spikelets 8 mm. wide...............-.2.22206---- 5. P. melanostachyus. Spikelets 2mm. wide..............0.-.--0-00005- 6. P. elegantulus. 1. Pycreus flavescens (L.) Beauv.: Reichenb. Fl. Excurs. 1: 72. 1830-1832. Cyperus flavescens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753. Cyperus fasciculatus Ell. Bot. 8. C. & Ga. 1: 63. 1816. Cyperus elliotianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 100. 1824. Pycreus elliottianus Nees, Linnaea 9: 283. 1834. Cyperus durandit Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 185. 1895. 446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Cyperus tonduzianus Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 187. 1895. Distrinution: Rather common in Europe, western Asia, and Africa; rare in America. Costa Rican cotiections: Hoffmann 190; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1532, 2832; San Francisco de Guadalupe, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1807. 2. Pycreus propinquus@ Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 7. 1842. Cyperus propinquus Mart. and Schrad.; Nees, loc. cit., as synonym. Cyperus olfersianus Kunth, Enum, 2: 10. 1837. Not Pycreus olfersianus Nees. 1842. DisTRIBUTION: Quite frequent in the warmer parts of Africa and America, Costa Rican COLLECTION: Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11027. 3. Pycreus helvus? (|. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 16. 19. 1900. Cyperus humboldtianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 100. 1824. Cyperus helvus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 9. 1849. DistrrpuTion: Frequent in Mexico and Guatemala; rare in southern Brazil and about Montevideo. Costa Rican CoLLEcTION: Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tondiuz 8266. Pycreus piceus, i. e. Cyperus piceus Liebm.,¢ is a species of the section Zonatae, not very different from P. flavescens Reichenb. 4. Pycreus lagunetto (Steud.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperus lagunetto Steud. Syn. Pl. Cyp. 2: 5. 1855. Cyperus argentinus C. B. Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc. 21: 64. 1884. Annual, cespitose; umbel usually simple; spikelets 2 to 6 in each loose spike; glumes chestnut-brown, pale on the back; style bifid; nut compressed laterally, puncticulate or subreticulate, not transversly lincolate. Stems 1 to 3 dm. long, rather slender. Leaves shorter than the stem, 2 to 3 mm. wide. Spikelets commonly 12 mm. long, 8 to 12-flowered, occasionally as much as 25 mm. long and 32-flowered. Glumes somewhat turgid, slightly inflated (not rigid, much flattened and indurated asin P. melanostachyus and P. elegantula). Species differing from P. rivularis by its loose inflorescence; perhaps rather to be regarded as a southern form of that. DistripuTion: Rather frequent in Argentina, but in tropical South America rare. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 2,831; Rio Agua Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pittier 2,404. 5. Pycreus melanostachyus (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperus melanostachyus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 207. Cyperus diandrus capitatus Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 205. 1886. Cyperus intricato-ramosus Boeck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 1: 186, 1895. Stem oblique at base; umbel almost crowded into a single head, or rarely (forma “umbellifera” Boeckl. ms.) looser, with rays 1 to 4 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. wide, linear-oblong, much flattened, rather hard, dark chestnut brown, almost black, shin ing, glumes sharply carinate, rigidly imbricate (but compare var. # below); style bifid; nut ellipsoidal, laterally compressed, obscurely puncticulate, not transversely lineolate. DistripuTION: Frequent from California to Argentina, very common in Mexico. Costa Rican coutLections: Hoffmann 207; Tres Rios, Pittier 4336; Carrillo, alti- tude 300 meters, Cooper 514; Alajuclita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 678 bis; La Palma, altitude 1,500 meters, Pottier 678a, Tonduz 12627; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 3196; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8847. ha. Pycreus melanostachyus variegata (IT. I}. K.) ©. B. Clarke. ‘Cyperus variegatus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 208. 1815. a The specific name olfersianus is older and unoccupied.—Eprror. b The specific name humboldtianus is older and unoccupied.—Eprror. ¢ Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 12. 1849. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 447 Inflorescence usually more lax; spikelets subspicately arranged, less flattened, more loosely imbricated, less polished, sometimes variegated chestnut color and green, DistripuTion: Both in Central America and in Argentina. Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Volcedn de Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Tonduz 10763. 6. Pycreus elegantulus¢ C. B. Clarke in Dur. & Schinz, FI. Afr. 5: 536, 1895, Cyperus elegantulus Steud, Flora 25: 583. 1842. Cyperus cimicinus J. S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 166. 1830. DistRIBUTION: Quite common in Africa. Frequent in America all the way from Mexico to Southern Brazil. Costa Rican coLLections: El Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz, 12335; Carrillo, Cooper, 599. This species is not casily distinguishable from small specimens of J’. melano- stachyus. SPECIES OF PYCREUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA. Pycreus potysracuyus Beauv. Fl. d’Owar. 2: 48. pl. 86. fig. 2. 1807. DistriBUTION: In all the warmer parts of the world. Occurs in the West Indies in many varieties and quite commonly; not yet received from Costa Rica. The plant resembles P. propinguus and P. helvus, its spikelets reddish. 3. CYPERUS I.. Spikelets 5 to many-flowered; rachilla persistent; two lowest glumes empty, the 4 or more next succeeding distichous, bisexual, perfecting nuts, deciduous from the base upward, a few of the uppermost glumes sterile or vacant, somewhat triserial; hypogy- nous bristles none; stamens 1 to 3, anterior; style-branches 3; nut trigonous, the anterior angle not rarely more or less depressed.—Plants glabrous. Stems naked except near the base, there leafy. Spikelets in digitately or spicately clustered spikes. Species 280; scattered over almost all parts of the world that are warm or temperate, common in hot countries, rare in cold. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets digitate or congested. (PYcNosvAcH YAE.) Annuals (here also C. haspan, no. 3). Stem monocephalous; spikelets green .........------- 1. C. tenerrimus. Spikes umbellate, ferruginous or brownish. ......------ 2. C. uncinatus. Perennials. Stamen 1; plants large or of middle size. Rays of the umbel short. Leaves transversely lineolate............--------- 6. C. virens. Leaves not transversely lineolate. Spikelets much compressed ......-...---- . C. surinamensis. Spikelets turgid, congested ...........---- 8. C. luculae. Rays of the umbel longer than the stem........-.--- 9, C. simplex. Stamens 2 or 3; stems bearing many spikes. Spikelets | to 2 mm. wide: nut small. Glumes imbricated ............-.------- 3. C. haspan. Glumes distant, forming a loose spikelet .. 11. C. chorisanthus. Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. wide. Stems leafless. Plant dioecious ....... 2-22-2202. 5. C. canus. Spikelets bisexual ........--..------ 4. C. alternifolius. Leaves present, long ......-.-.-..------- 10. C. diffusus. a The specific name cimicinus is older and unoccupied.—Eprtor. 448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Spikelets spicately arranged. (CHoRISTACHYAE.) Annual, Rachilla of spikelets scarcely winged. : Glumes rather obtuse... 0200002.02. 020000000... 12. C. sphacelatus. Glumes acute, mucronulate.......0000..00...02 2. 13. C. compressus. Rachilla of spikelets winged; large annual ............ 15. (. radiatus. Perennial. Stolons many, slender, disappearing .................. I4. C. esculentus. 1. Cyperus tenerrimus J. S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 166. 1830. Cyperus cymbaeformis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 20. 1849. Cyperus wawrai Boeck. Linnaea 38: 363. 1874. Annual, stem monocephalous; bracts 4 to 8. very long, grassy; glumes elliptic, cymbiform, curved, obtuse, 5-costate, pale cinnamon color; style 3-fid; nut oblong, of two-thirds the length of the glume. Distripution: Central America, somewhat rare. Costa Rican conLecrions: Littoral zone. Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2713, 2866; Nicoya, Tonduz 13741. 2. Cyperus uncinatus Poir. Encye. 7: 247. 1806. Cyperus cuspidatus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 204. 1815. Cyperus aureus J. 8. & ©. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 168, 1830. Cyperus hamulatus Kunth, Enum. 2: 22. 1837. DistriputTion: In almost all warm countries; in Central America rather rare. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: San José, Tonduz 8606. SRO 3. Cyperus haspan L. Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753. Cyperus aphyllus Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 6, 1798. Cyperus nudus HW. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 203. 1815. Cyperus adenophorus Schrad.; Nees in Mart. I'l. Bras. 21:28. 1842. Cyperus cfoliatus Boeck]. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 1: 226, 1895. DistriBuTion: Throughout nearly all warmer regions; often a troublesome weed in fields. Very common in Central America, Costa Rican coLLections: Pittier & Tonduz 3804b; La Cruz de Guanacaste, Pittier 2714; Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8304; Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 10952, Tonduz no. 8304 is a large specimen, the stem a meter high, 5 mm. in diameter at summit. The spikelets are altogether those of typical Cyperus haspan. The sum- mit of the stem is notably punctate with stomata. The stems in Pittier’s no. 2714 are in like manner punctate. Old World specimens are usually much smaller, and with the stomata on the stem indistinct: nevertheless, there occur in the Old World large specimens, the long stems dotted with stomata at summit, but they are more rare here than in America. 4. Cyperus alternifolius L. Mant. 28. 1767, DistripuTION: Madagascar and Bourbon, where it is perhaps indigenous; exten- sively cultivated. Costa Rican coLLEctIONS: Public parks at San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 10888. This plant is perhaps C. flabelliformis Rottb., forma hortensis? C. Jlabelliformis Rottb. is common in Africa and widely dispersed. 5. Cyperus canus J. 8S. & (. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 179. 1828. Dioecious, leafless; stem 1 m, high, robust; bracts 6 to 12, equal, surpassing the umbel; this ample, 1 to 3 dm. broad, compound and even decompound; spikelets almost countless, digitately clustered 3 to 8 in a place; style 3-fid, DistripuTion: Peculiar to Central America, where it is of frequent occurrence. Costa Rican coLLections: Hoffmann 11; Huebsch. A remarkable species. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 449 6. Cyperus virens Michx. Fl. 1: 28. 1803. Cyperus sordidus J. S. & C. B. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 171. 1828. DistriputTion: Throughout warm and temperate America; frequent in Central America. Costa RicaAN COLLECTIONS: Santa Maria, altitude 1,400 meters, Tonduz 14629; San Marcos de Dota, altitude 1,200 meters, Tonduz 2250; Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters, Biolley 8990; Rio Tarrazi, Tonduz 7882. 7. Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 35. pl. 6. f. 5. 1773. DistriBuTION: Very common in the warmer parts of America. Costa Rican couLections: Diquis below Térraba, Tonduz 3578; Boca Banana, Tonduz 9124; San Carlos, Pittier 2586. 8. Cyperus luzulae Retz. Obs. 4: 11. 1786. Scirpus luzulae L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75, 1753. Cyperus polycephalus Lam. Tabl. Encye. 1: 147. 1791. Mariscus polycephalus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 324, 1827. DistriBuTION: In tropical America, common. Costa Rican couLections: Polakowsky 398; Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4888; Térraba, altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3580; Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8275; El Cordoncillal, Pittier 3591; Rio Grande de Térraba, Tonduz 6720; Boruca, Tonduz 4791; Carrillo, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 1185; Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 8738, 8752, 9220; San Carlos, Tonduz 2586; Carrillo, Cooper 547, 584; San Miguel, Biolley 7464. 9. Cyperus simplex H. I. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 207. 1815. Distripution: Frequent in South America; in Central America somewhat rare. Costa RicaN CoLLEcTIoN: Pond at Rancho Redondo, alt. 1,400 meters, Pittier 1138. 10. Cyperus diffusus Vahl, Enum. 2: 321. 1806. Cyperus toluccensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 206. L815. DistrIBUTION: Throughout the warmer parts of both hemispheres. Costa Rican coLLections: Pittier 3542; Vallée du General, Pittier 3377, 3379; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tondiuz 3584, 4476; Old Harbor, Tonduz 3751; Talamanca, altitude 200 meters, Tonduz 9501; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8848, Turrialba, altitude 550 meters, Tonduz 8359; Golfo de Osa, Tonduz 10102; Buenos Aires, altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3587, 3592, 3615 bis. 11. Cyperus chorisanthus ©. B. Clarke, sp. nov. Rays of the umbel both primary and secondary slender for the plant; many of the spikelets solitary, some in pairs or threes, 13 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 14-flowered: glumes rather distant, ovate, but lanceolately produced; nut ellipsoidal, of about half the length of the glume, black in maturity.—Stems 60 cm. long, slender, at apex triquetrous and almost 3-winged. Leaves of the length of the stem, 1 cm. wide, obscurely 3-nerved. Umbel 1 to 2 dm. in diameter, loose; bracts 5 or 6, the lowest 25 cm. long, 6 mm. wide. Glumes 1 to 2 mm. long, spreading obliquely, green and scabrous on the keel. Stamens 3. Style hardly any; its branches 3, long, very slen- der, tawny.—Allied to C. longifolius Poir., differing in that the glumes are not imbricated, but distant. Type U.S. National Herbarium no. 818147. Costa Rican coLLectTiIons: Forests of Boruca, altitude 460 meters, Tonduz 4475. 12. Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 26. 1773. Distripution: Africa and America, frequent in the warmer parts of both. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2589. 13. Cyperus compressus IL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 68. 1762. Distripution: Widely dispersed throughout nearly all warmer parts of the earth. Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: Rio San Juan, Pittier 2581; San Domingo de Osa, Tonduz 10080, 450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 14, Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. Pl. 1:45. 1753. Cyperus fulvescens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 22. 1849, DistripuTion: Warmer regions of the whole world. Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Puerto Limon, Pittier 4214; Talamanca, Tonduz 8739. 15. Cyperus radiatus Vahl, Enum. 2: 369. 1806. Cyperus campestris Schrad.; Nees, Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 35. 1842. DisTRIBUTION: Very common in warm regions of the Old World; somewhat rare in those of the New World. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San Carlos, Tonduz 2592. [Cyperus MACROLEPIS Boeckl. in Kneuck. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 1: 226. 1895, represented by Torduz no. 8185, appears to have been overlooked by Mr. Clarke.— Epiror. | SPECIES OF CYPERUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA. CYPERUS SESLERIOIDES H, B, k. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 209, 1815. DistRIBUTION: Common in Central America; in South America rare. Differs from (. tenerrimus Presl, in that its stems are ligneous at base, nodose- thickened, and fascicled on a very short rootstock; also in some other points. CyPERUS HUMILIS Kunth, Enum. 2: 23. 1837. Disrripution: In Central America, where it is of frequent occurrence. Differs from C. tenerrimus Pres], among other things, in that the glumes are neither cymbiform nor curved. CYPERUS AMABILIS Vahl, Hnum. 2: 318. 1806. Cyperus aureus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 205. 1815, not Georgi. 1802. Cyperus glareosus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 16. 1850. DistriBpuTION: Throughout almost all warm countries; frequent in Central America. Differs most notably from C. wncinatus Poir. in that the mucro of the glume is not uncinate, but straight, short, or even wanting CYPERUS OCHRACEUS Vahl, Enum. 2: 325. 1806. w DistRIBUTION: Central America, common. Differs from C. surinamensis Rottb. among other points in that its glume is slightly inflated rather than compressed; from C. virens Michx. in that the trigonous apex of its stem is nearly smooth. CYPERUS ELEGANS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 68. 1762. Cyperus viscosus Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 20. 1788. DisTRIBUTION: Common in the West Indies; frequent in other parts of tropical America. Differs from its allies in that its stems and foliage are usually minutely viscid- pubescent. Cyperus prouixus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 206. 1815. Comostemum schottti Nees, Linnaea 9: 283. 1834. Cyperus amplissimus Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 316. 1855. DisTRIBUTION: Warmer parts of America, frequent. A showy species, allied to C. distans L. f. Stem 1 to 1.5 meters long Leaves 50 to 100 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide. Umbel 40 to 60 cm. in diameter and copious. Spikelets 15 mm. long, 10 to 18; flowered, pale or brick-reddish. CYPERUS ARTICULATUS L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753. Disrrisution: Almost all warm regions throughout the world. Stems stout, 10 to 20 cm. iong, terete, false-septate. Bracts of the umbel almost none. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 451 Cyperus ROoTUNDUS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 67. 1762. DistRiBUTION: Common in all warmer parts of the world; a troublesome weed in cultivated lands. Allied to C. esculentus L. and much resembling it; differing by its stolons, which are stout and woody, rather than slender and evanescent. 3. MARISCUS (Gaertn. Spikelets | to several-flowered; rachilla continuous, deciduous from a cushion just above the two lowest empty glumes; fertile glumes long persistent; otherwise like Cyperus.—Leaves in the Costa Rican species elongated, narrow, green. Species 180, distributed to all the warmer parts of the globe. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets few-flowered, narrow; umbel simple. Spikelets minute, maturing but | nut.........2....2.02.. 1. M. haenkei. Spikelets maturing 2 to 4 nuts, greenish straw-color .....-. 2. M. sieberianus.- Spikes of every ray of the umbel digitate; spikelets short, bear- ing few nutlets. Spikes long. Spikelets turgid, red-dotted......................-.- 3. M. mutisii. Spikelets green, linear-oblong ...............----.-...- 4. M.ehrenbergianus. Spikes short. Spikelets short, tawny, congested ...000000 0000-20... 5. M. rufus. Spikelets oblong, maturing 3 to 7 nuts; rootstock horizontal. Umbel crowded almost into a head..............2-2..... 6. M. manimae. Spikelets spicate, mostly loosely so. Spikelets linear, maturing 2 to 4 nuts; spikes usually long. Spikelets somewhat densely crowded.........-.--.--- 7. M. jacquinit. Spikelets rather remote. ........22...--.------------ 8. M. dissitiflorus. Spikelets usually maturing 4 to 16 nuts. Spikelets linear, green ...............-..-2.2222----4- 9. M. flabelliformis. Spikelets yellowish-brown, flattened ..............-.- 10. M. strigosus. Spikelets deep blood-red brown ..........-..-.------ Ll. M. saturatus. 1. Mariscus haenkii J. 8. & C. B. Pres], Rel. Haenk 1: 181. 1828. Cyperus pittiert Boeckl, Allgem. Bot, Zeitschr. 2: 19, 1896, Umbel simple; spikes rather small, sessile or nearly so, dense, dark-brown; spike- lets linear-oblong, maturing but 1 nut; fertile glime striate, acutish: style 3-fid; nut linear-oblong, two-thirds the length of the glumé. Fruiting spikelets 3 mm, long, 5 to 1 mm. wide, not turgid; rachilla broadly winged above the fertile glume, the wing resembling a second glume, but the rachilla also bearing a very small depauperate glume. DisTRIBUTION: California; Mexico. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2711. 2. Mariscus sieberianus Nees. Linnaca 9: 286. [S54. DistripuTion: Very common in the warmer parts of the Old World; in the New World rare. 2a. Mariscus sieberianus evolutior (. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 622. 1894. Spikelets linear, 2 to 4 nut-bearing. DistRIBUTION: Heated regions of the Old World, rather frequent; in the New World less so. Costa RIcANn COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, Tonduz 8737; El Rodeo de Paquita, altitude 900 meters, Tonduz 1621. 13391—08——_2 452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE .NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 3. Mariscus mutisii H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. pl. 66. 1819. Cyperus mutisti Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 567, 1864. DistriBuTION: Tropical parts of America. Costa Rican coLuections: Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8844; Rio Tiribf, Tonduz 6947. 4. Mariscus ehrenbergianus (Boeckl.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperus ehrenbergianus Boeck]. Linnaea 36: 391. 1869-70. Cyperus randuzii [tonduzti] Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 17. 1896, slender variety excluded. Spikes 2 to 6, cylindric, dense, digitate on each rather long ray of the umbel; spike- lets small, oblong, each maturing 1 to 3 tawny greenish nuts; glumes ovate, acute, imbricated in fruit; style 3-fid. DistrRiBUTION: Tropical America, sparse. Costa Rican coLLectTions: Nicoya, Tonduz 13743; El Rodeo de Paquita, alti- tude 900 meters, Tonduz 1621. 5. Mariscus rufus? H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. pl. 67, 1815. Cyperus ligularis L. Amoen, Acad. 5: 391. 1759. Cyperus coriifolius Boeck]. Linnaea 36: 391. 1869-70, in part. DistRIBUTION: Common in tropical Africa and America. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Sipurio, altitude 150 meters, Tonduz 8728; Puerto Limon, Pittier 4213; Boca Banana, Tonduz 9123; Limon, Tonduz 9795; Salinas Bay, Tonduz 2712; San Carlos, Tonduz 2590. 6. Mariscus manimae (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperus manimae TH. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 209, 1815 Cyperus spectabilis coarctatus Boeck]. Linnaea 35: 606, 1867-68, in part. Stolon thickened into a rhizome 3 to 4 mm. in diameter; spikes 2 to 4, rather long- peduncled, forming a simple umbel, ovoid or cylindric, dense, tawny yellow green, spikelets oblong, maturing 3 to 7 nuts; glumes ovate, obtuse, striate, at length obliquely spreading, not caducous; style 3-fid; nut ellipsoid, trigonous, two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the glume. DistrRiBuTION: Mexico. Ga. Mariscus manimae divergens (H. B. K.) C. B. Clarke. Cyperus divergéns H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 208. 1815. Cyperus triceps Nees, Linnaea 19: 697. 1847. Cyperus asperrimus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 30. 1849. Spikes sessile or short-peduncled; summit of stem, together with the bracts and leaves, often densely or sparsely hispid-scabrous. DistrRipuTION: In Central America (with the Andes at Quito) abundant. Costa Rican couLections: Hoffmann 343; Cartago, altitude 1,400 meters, Tonduz 10756, : Species common in Central America in many varieties and forms. In my opinion the following belong here: 6b. Mariscus manimae apiculatus ( Liebm.} (. B. Clarke. Cyperus apiculatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2:32. 1849, Keels of the glumes excurrent. 6c. Mariscus manimae hartwegianus ©. B. Clarke. Spikes crowded into a single head; spikelets dark-red, 10 to 12-flowered. ~I . Mariscus jacquinii H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 216. ISlo. Carex hermaphrodita Jacq. Coll. 4: 174. 1790. Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh. Linnaea 4: 24. 1831. Mariscus longiradiatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 44. 1849. a The specific n name ligulari. is is older and unoccupied,— Fprror, CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 453 Distripution; An American species, frequent from California to Venezuela. Costa Rican cottections: Hoffmann 54; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Cooper 5990, Tonduz 1428, in part; Cartago, altitude 1,300 meters, Tonduz 10443. 7a. Mariscus jacquinii angustior (. P. Clarke, subsp. nov. Cyperus flavomariscus peduncularis Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 215. 1886.4 Smaller, bracts and spikes narrower, less deeply colored. DistrRiBUTION: Frequent from California to Venezuela. Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: San Francisco de Guadalupe, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 9699, 9043; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1532. Hardly, by its denser spikes, specifically distinct from M. dissitiflorus. 8. Mariscus dissitiflorus (. B. Clarke in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45. 1900. Cyperus dissitiflorus Nees, Linnaea 9: 285. 1834. Cyperus randuzvi [tonduzii] tenuis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 17, 1896. Distripution: Louisiana to Venezuela. Costa Rican couLections: Biolley 9461; Talamanca, altitude 200 meters, Ton- duz 9505; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1428, in part. 8a. Mariscus dissitiflorus lucidior ©. B. Clarke in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 45. 1900. Cyperus pseudosphacelatus Boeck]. Cyp. Nov. 2: 7. 1890. DISTRIBUTION: Texas to Guiana. Costa Rican couections: Along road at Guadalupe, Tonduz 9786. 9. Mariscus flabelliformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 215. 1815, Cyperus caracasanus Kunth, Enum. 2: 86. 1837. Cyperus breviradiatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 26. 1849. Cyperus hartti Boeck]. Cyp. Nov. 1: 9. 1888. DisTRIBUTION: Tropics of both Old and New Worlds, more especially of the New. Costa Rican couLections: Polakowsky 43, 541; Salinas Bay, Pittier 2717; Rio Tuis, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8183; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 225; Tonduz 433; slopes of La Carpintera, altitude 1,700 meters [ Pittier], 4335; Tur- rialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8351; Alajuclita, altitude 1,000 meters. Tonduz 8842; Nicoya, Tonduz 13774; Rio Zhorquin, Tonduz 8530; Talamanca, Tonduz 8737; San Rafael, Pittier 2584; Puerto Viejo, Biolley 7461; Golfo de Osa, Tonduz 10027. Cyperus hartit Boeckl. is a feebler form, the spikelets sometimes bearing few nuts. Mariscus flabelliformis differs from M. jacquinii 6 and M. dissitiflorus by having the rays of its umbel much shorter, while the spikelets are often longer. Here many species have been proposed by various authors, which are not distinct. 10. Mariscus strigosus (1,.) (. B. Clarke. Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. Rhizome hardly any: leaves and tracts long, narrow, not spongiose; umbel simple or compound; spikes short-cylindric, dense, yellow-brown; spikelets linear, flattened, maturing 6 to 8 nuts, divaricately spreading; glumes elliptic, scarcely acute, at length obliquely spreading; style 3-fid; nut linear-oblong, curved, half the length of the glume. DisrripuTion: United States, common. Also in Mexico and Costa Rica. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, Tondiz 8746 bis. ll. Mariscus saturatus ((\. B. Clarke) Donnell Smith. Cyperus saturatus C. B. Clarke, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 37: 517. 1906. Robust, leaves and bracts long, rather broad, somewhat triple-nerved; umbel com- pound, rather dense; spikelets in fascicles of 3 to 8 in a place, deep blood-red brown, narrowly oblong, 12 to 20-flowered; glumes in fruit hardly imbricate, their «This citation is made instead of Cyperus flavus peduncularis Britton, Proc. Am. Acad, 21: 442. 1886, used by Mr. Clarke, the latter name being a nomen nudum. 454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. margins slightly incurved; rachilla of the spikelets wingless; style 3-fid; nut broadly ellipsoid, tapering to each end, half the length of the glume, scabrous, especially at apex, with small elevated points.—Leaves nearly a meter long, as much as 2 cm. wide. Umbel subglobose, 9 cm, in diameter. Spikelets 12 mm, long, 3 mm. wide. I doubt whether this be not really the Cyperus laetus of Presl. Costa Rican coLLections: Llanos de Santa Clara, altitude 200 meters, Donnell Smith 4989, 6839; Tuts, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8185, 11391. 5. TORULINIUM Desv. Spikelets terete or nearly so, maturing 4 to 16 nuts; rachilla breaking into Joints; nut partly inclosed by the wings of the rachilla and deciduous with its node; other- wise like Mariscus. Species 8, of which 7 are endemic in America, chiefly tropical; the other distributed to the warmer parts of both hemispheres. 1. Torulinium confertum @ Hamilt. Prod. Ind. Occ, 15, 1825, Cyperus odoratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 46. 1753, in part. Cyperus ferax L. C. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 106. 1792. Cyperus jubacflorus Rudge, Pl. Guian. 17. pl. 21. 1800. Mariscus pohlianus Nees in Mart. FI. Bras. 2': 50. 1842, Diclidium ferox Schrad.; Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 54. 1842. Mariscus ferax ©. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 624. 1893. Cyperus laetus obtusiflorus Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 2. 1896. DistripuTION: Occurs in all warm countries, more sparingly in the Old World, very common in the New and in Oceania. Costa RicAN CoLLEcTIONS: Rio Coto de Osa, Pittier 9987; La Florida, Pitter 11291; Talamanca, altitude 0 to 200 meters, Tonduz 8746, 9506; Tocorf, Tonduz 7712; San Rafael, Pittier, 2585; Puerto Viejo, Biolley 7457. 6. ELEOCHARIS Rh. br. Glumes rather many, or very numerous, in from 3 to many spirals; the lowest obtuse, usually vacant, little or not at all longer than the others; lowest flower bisex- ual, maturing a nut; hypogynous bristles 3 to 8, usually of about the length of the nut, retrorsely scabrous, sometimes wanting; stamens 3 to 1, anterior; style glabrous, its branches 3 or 2, linear; style base enlarged, pyramidal or bulb-like or conical, easily distinguished from the summit of the nut; nut trigonous, or plano-convex, sessile, narrowly or broadly obovoid; style persistent on the nut.—Stems glabrous, leafless, bearing a single spike. Species 120, dispersed throughout the world; abundantin America. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stoloniferous; stems robust; spikes rather long-cylindric; glumes firm, plano-con- cave, hardly keeled, deep straw-color. (Subgenus LimnocHuoa. ) Stems at apex triquetrous or acutely triangular..........-..-- 1. #2. mutata. Stems at apex terete or obscurely triangular. ........-...----- 2. KE. variegata. Stems small, or of middle size; glumes membranaceous, | to 3- nerved on the keel; style bifid. (Subgenus ELEoGENUs). Sheath delicately scarious at summit, rugose, easily worn off. . Stems slender or capillary ...........-- cee e cece eee ee eee 3. E. ochreata. Stems rather rigid ..............2-22-------.--02 2222 eee 4. E. olivacea. Sheath herbaceous at summit, or at least, firm. Annual, tufted. ...... bocce cece cece ee eee eee eee eee tenes 5. E. capitata. Rootstock horizontal, stout ..........-...-...---------- 6. E. nodulosa. a The specific name ferax is older and unoccupied.—Eprror. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 455 Spike much broader than the stem; glumes membranaceous, often 1. 2. 2a 4, green on the keel; style 3-fid. (Subgenus EUELEOCHARIS. ) Nut costate lengthwise; transversely barred between the costae (ACICULARES).. 0.0... ..0. 0000 cece eee ee eee eee eee eee ees 7. EF. acicularis. Nut cancellate, hardly costate lengthwise (CHAETARIAE) ....- 8. E. chaetaria. Nut smooth, or obscurely reticulate, not cancellate ( LErocar- PICAE). Stems slender, or at least not stout. Annuals, tufted; nut white. Stems capillary or setaceous..............------ 9. FE. minima. Stems slender, 4-angled........2....20...22---. 10. FE. durandii. Rhizomatous. Spike narrower at summit; nut white........... Ll. KE. suleata. Spike obovoid; nut tawny ......-....--.------- 12. E. pachystyla. Stems 3 to 8 mm. in diameter, false septate.........-.-.- 13. EH. genieulata, Eleocharis mutata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Hol. 224. 1810. Scirpus mutatus L, Amoen, Acad. 5: 391. 1760. Limnochloa mutata Nees, Linnaea 9: 294. 1834. DistRiBpuTION: From Mexico to Uruguay; quite common in the West Indies and tropical America generally. Costa RICAN cCoLLEcTION: Limon, Pitter 10342. Eleocharis variegata Pres] in Oken, Isis 21: 269, 1828. DistrRIBUTION: Mascarene Islands. . Eleocharis variegata laxiflora Ridley, Journ. Singapore Asiat. Soc, 23: 14. 1891. Scirpus laviflorus Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 435, 1864. Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 239. 1866. DIstRIBUTION: In southeastern Asia, frequent; more sparingly in) Oceania and Central America. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, Pittier 10593. . Eleocharis ochreata (Grisebach) Nees; C. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 63. 1900. Chactocyperus polymorphus Nees, Linnaea 9: 289, 1834, in part, nomen nudum. Eleocharis ochreatus Nees, op. cit. 294, nomen nuduin. Scirpus ochreatus Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. 570. 1864. Heleocharis albivaginata Boeck]. Vidensk. Meddel. Kjéb, 138. 1869-70; Linnaea 36: 436. 1870. H., pittiert Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 35, 1896. DistriBuTION: Warmer parts of America common; in the Old World less so, but in several varieties. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 548. Eleocharis olivacea Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 300, 1836. Stems 5 to 10 em. long; sheath scarious at summit, loose, crisped, easily worn off; spikelet 5 to 8 mm. long; 7 to 30-flowered; style bifid; nut obovoid, plano-convex, olive-green, becoming tawny chestnut colored, smooth, obsoletely reticulate; style base small, bulbous-conical.—Rootstock slender. Spikelet ovoid, acutish. Hypo- gynous bristles 7, or sometimes 6, or even 3 only, surpassing the nut. 5. Eleocharis capitata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 22: DisrripuTION: From Canada to Florida and Colorado sparingly; Costa Rica, Costa Rican coLLectIONS: La Palma, altitude 1,500 to 1,800 meters, Tonduz, 9697. Species rather closely allied to E. ochreata, Nees; differing by its firmer texture, 5. 1810. Scirpus caribaeus Rotth. Descr. & Te. 46. pl. 15. f. 3. 1773. Scirpus capitatus 1. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753, in part, 456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Eleocharis setacea R. Br, Prod. Fl. Nov, Holl. 225. 1810, not. R. Br. op. cit. 224. Kleogenus capitatus Nees, Linnaea 9: 294. 1834. DistRIBUTION: Warmer regions of both hemispheres, common, Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9216. 6. Eleocharis nodulosa Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 87. 1824. Scirpus nodulosus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 29. 1821. Eleogenus nodulosus Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 104, 1842, DistriputTion: From Missouri to Texasand Uruguay, very common. Costa Rican coLLEctions:. Hoffmann 624; | Tonduz] 8845; El Tablazo, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 7916, 7917. 7. Eleocharis acicularis R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 224. 1810. Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753. Chaetocyperus polymorphus Nees, Linnaea 9: 289. 1834, in part. Distripution: In tropical and warm temperate regions of both Old World and New, very common. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 2978, Tonduz 10762, 10764. 8. Eleocharis chaetaria® Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 154. 1817. Scirpus chaetarius Spreng. Syst 1: 203. 1825. Cyperus setaceus Retz. Obs. 5: 10, 1779-91. Eleocharis setacea R. Br, Prod, Fl. Nov. Holl. 224. 1810, not R. Br. op. cit. 225. Chaetocyperus niveus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selskr. Skr. 2: 54. 1849. Chaetocyperus rugulosus Nees, Bonplandia 3: 86. 1855. Heleocharis triflora Boeckl, Flora 63: 437. 1880. Distripution: [n all tropical and temperate parts of the world, very common, Costa Rican couLections: Polakowsky 404; Tres Rios, Pittier 4338; La Palma, altitude 1,500 meters, Pittier 311, 676, Tonduz 12646; Turrialba, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 8265; Rio Tuis, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8184, 11253; Golfo de Osa, Ton- duz 9938; Buenos Aires, Pittier 3586, Tonduz 4889; Fl Rodeo de Paquita, altitude 900 meters, Tonduz 1619. 9. Eleocharis minima Kunth, Enum. 2: 139. 1837. Chaetocyperus urceolatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 55. 1849, DistrRiBUTION: Florida and Mexico to Rio de Janeiro. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 10951. 10. Eleocharis durandii Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 34. 1896. Tufted, stems 10 to 30 em. long, slender, sharply quadrangular; spikelet 4 to 7 mm. long, ellipsoidal, obtuse, dense; style 3-fid; bristles 6, about equaling the nut, white: nut small, trigonous, smooth, white, not much narrowed at summit, subtruncate, style base pyramidal, tawny.—Rhizome none (or according to Boeckeler occasion- ally long and slender). Stems strict; sheath firm at summit, on one side produced lanceolately. Bristles retrorsely scabrous. Style short, its branches 3, long. As to its nut and bristles, altogether recalling FE. microcarpa Torr.; the species differs from that, perhaps not sufficiently, by its rather more robust stems. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4887. 11. Eleocharis sulcata Nees, Linnaea 9: 294, 1834. Scirpus suleatus Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. Ind. Or. 30. 1821. Fimbristylis suleata Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant. 2: 52. 1824. Seirpidium sulcatum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2!: 98. 1848, @ The older specific name setacea is available for this plant. Robert Brown refers Cyperus setaceus of Retzius and Willdenow to this genus, but fails to form the bino- mial.—Eprror. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 457 Limnochloa calyptrata Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2:96, 1849, Heleocharis calyptrata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, 2: 81. 1895, Heleocharis rothiana Boeck. Flora 48: 3. 1860. Heleocharis emarginata Klotzsch; Boeck]. Linnaca 86: 443. 1870. Heleocharis costaricensis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 34, 1896. Heleocharis purpureo-vaginata Boeck]. loc. cit. Distripution: From Mexico to Argentina; very common. Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pitfter 11026; Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4884; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4637. 12. Eleocharis pachystyla ©. B. Clarke in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 72. 1900. Scirpus pachystylus C. Wright in Sauv. Fl. Cub. 174. 1873. Distripution; Cuba, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guiana, Pernambuco, Costa Rica. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Cafias Gordas, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11025. 13. Eleocharis geniculata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 224. 1810. Scirpus geniculatus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 71. 1762, in part. Eleocharis constricta Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Mant, 2: 87. 1824. Limnochloa geniculata Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 99. 1842. DistRIBUTION: From Mexico to Uruguay, very common. Costa Rican co.Lections: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 3848, 4636; Agua Caliente, altitude 1,300 meters, Pittier 107; Rio Tuts, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 11390: Turrialba, altitude 600 meters, Pittier 14254, Tonduz 8300; La Palma, altitude 1,500 meters, Pittier 10187; Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9219; Desampa- rados, Biolley 3465, Tonduz 1501; Carrillo, altitude 300 meters, Pittier, 1184. ELEOCHARIS SPECIES TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA. ELEOCHARIS MONTANA Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 153. 1817. Scirpus montanus H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 226. 1815. Limnochloa truncata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 96. 1849. Disrripution: Very common in Central America and occurring almost throughout the warmer parts of America. Related to E. suleata Nees, but differing in its longer, stouter rhizome and yellow nut, as well as in minor particulars. 7. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Glumes several or many, imbricated all around or (in section Abilgaardia) the lower somewhat 2-ranked; | to 3 lower vacant; several lower flowers bisexual and perfecting nuts; hypogynous bristles none; stamens 3 to 1, anterior, style branches, 3 or 2, linear; style base separated from the nut by a constriction or a line and deciduous with it; nut trigonous or plano-convex, sessile or substipitate. —Stolons none. Stems naked, i. e., nodes and leaves all near the base of the stem. Inflorescence umbellate, or monocephalous, or of a single spike. Species 130, dispersed in warm countries everywhere, especially in the Old World, unknown in either mountainous or cold regions. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Style branches 2. (DICHELOSTYLIS. ) Nut conspicuously 5 to 9-costate on both faces. ....-.--.-+--- 1. F. diphylla. Nut rather obscurely reticulate, not costate lengthwise. Spikelets ellipsoidal, obtusish ........-.--------+-+5--- 2. PF. castanea. Spikelets subcylindric, narrowed at apex ...-.-...------ 3. FF. spadicea. 458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Style branches 3; fertile glumes imbricated all around, (TrRiche- LOSTYLIS. ) Stems supporting but a solitary spikelet; nut pyriform...... 4. F. preslii. Spikelets umbellate, small, subglobose .................... 5. F. miliacea. Style branches 3; fertile glumes somewhat 2-ranked; stem almost always with but a single spikelet. (ABILDGAARDIA)........ 6. . monostachya. 1. Fimbristylis diphylla Vahl, Enum. 2: 289. 1806. Scirpus diphyllus Retz. Obs. 5: 15. 1779-1791. Fimbristylis lava Vahl, lanum. 2: 292. 1806. Fimbristylis communis Kunth, Enum, 2: 234. 1837, certain synonyms excluded, Fimbristylis pentastachya Boeck]. Flora 40: 36. 1857. Fimbristylis polymorpha Boeckl. Vidensk. Meddel. Kjéb. 141. 1869. DistripuTion: In torrid and temperate regions of the whole world, also everywhere common within such limits. Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: [ Pondn:| 8840; Hoffmann 189, 626; Talamanca, alti- tude 100 meters, Tonduz 8673, 9221; San Carlos, Tonduz 2588, 2591: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4480; San José. altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1812, Pittier 647: Rio Torres, Tonduz 647 bis; Vallée du General, Tonduz 3378; Térraba, Tonduz 8579; Rio Tuis, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8182; Turrialba, Tonduz 8256; Llanos de Turrtcares, altitude 650 meters, Pittier 506, 2. Fimbristylis castanea Vahl, Enum. 2: 292. 1806. Scirpus castaneus Michx. Fl. 1: 31. 1803. Stem 2 to 7 dim. Jong; leaves long; umbel simple or compound; spikelets ellip- soidal, obtusish, brown or tawny chestnut color; glumes glabrous, or rarely a little pilose; style bifid; nut obovoid, obtuse, smooth, delicately reticulate, in color approaching tawny. DistriBuTION: Mexico and the United States, frequent; Costa Rica. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Salinas Bay, Pittier 2719. 3. Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 294. 1806. Scirpus spadiceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 51. 1753. Fimbristylis cylindrica Vahl, Enum. 2: 293. 1806, DisrriputTion: Warmer parts of America, common. Costa Rican coLLections: Hoffmann 300; Punta Mala, Tonduz 6830; Salinas Bay, Pittier 2718. 4. Fimbristylis preslii Kunth, Enum. 2: 228. 1837. Abilgaardia pubescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 180, 1830. Culm scabrous-puberulent, bearing a single spike; leaves setaceous, pilose; glumes ovate, obtuse, imbricated on all sides of their axis: nut obovoid-pyriform, -being much narrowed from the middle to the base, yellowish brown; style 3-fid, promptly caducous along with its narrowly pyramidal base. DisrripuTion: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Colombia. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Nicoya, Tonduz 13743. >, Fimbristylis miliacea Vahl, Enum. 2: 287. 1806. ” Seinpns miliaceus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 37. 1784. Trichelostylis miliacea Nees, Linnaca 1: 290. 1834, DistriBuTION: In all warm countries; abundant in Asia and Oceama, in Afriea and America rare. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Liebmann; Boruea, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4635. 6. Fimbristylis monostachya Hassk. Pl. Jav. Rar. 61. [S48. Cyperus monostachyus LL. Mant. 2: 180. 1771. Abildgaardia monostachya Vahl, Enum. 2 : 296. 1806. DistrrBpution: In hot countries almost. everywhere. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pittier, 2698. CLARKE--THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 459 8. BULBOSTYLIS Kunth.¢ Fertile glumes usually minutely pilose; style long, slender, glabrous, its branches 3, linear; style base extremely small, at length, after the falling away of the style becom- ing dark colored and remaining attached to the nut; otherwise like Fimbristylis. Stolons none. Stems tufted, slender, naked. Leaves setaceous, or at least extremely narrow; sheaths almost always ciliate or bearded at the orifice. Inflorescence umbelled or of one head or spikelet. Species 80, dispersed through all warm countries; particularly in Africa and America. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Stem bearing a solitary spikelet..................2---.---.------ 1. B. paradoxa. Spikelets umbellate. Spikelets, at least some of them, fascicled............2......- 2. B. juneiformis. Spikelets pedicellate.................-...----2-+---+------- 3. B, capillaris. 1. Bulbostylis paradoxa Kunth, Enum. 2: 206. 1837. Schoenus paradoxus Spreng. Syst. 1: 190. 1825. Oncostylis paradoxa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2: 81. 1843. Isolepis paradoxa Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 100. 1855, Scirpus paradoxus Boeck]. Linnaea 36 : 739. 1869-70, Rynchospora perrigida Boeckl. Allgem. Bot, Zeitschr. 2:93, 1896. Culm 8 to 16 cm. long, glabrous, bearing a single spike; spikelets ellipsoid, white- lanate; style 3-fid; nut obovoid, pale brown; transversely undulate-zoned; style base at length left upon the nut. DisTRIBUTION: Tropical South America, frequent. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Pittier d& Tonduz 2698 hb; burnt savannas at Buenos Aires, Tonduz 3590. 2. Bulbostylis junciformis (H. B. Kk.) Kunth, Enum. 2: 211. 1837. Isolepis junciformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 222. 1815. Scirpus humboldtu Spreng. Syst. 1: 213. 1825. Oncostylis junciformis Nees in Mart. Fl]. 2:85. 1848. Tsolepis berlandiert Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 103. 1855. DistripuTion: From Mexico to Montevideo, frequent. Costa Rican coLuections: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz, 4,481; Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4,883. 3. Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke in Hook. FI. Brit. Ind. 6: 652. 1894.6 Scirpus capillaris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 49. 17538. Cyperus minimus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753, in part. Isolepis capillaris Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 118. 1824. Oncostylis tenuifolia Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 83, 1842. Oncostylis ciliata Nees, op. cit. 83. Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray, Man. 530. 1848. Trichelostylis capillaris Wood, Class-Book 742. 1861. Scirpus microstachys Boeckl. Cyp. Nov. 2: 14. 1890. Stenophyllus capillaris Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 30. 1894. DistrRiBuTION: From Canada to Argentina, common. Subspecies trifida com- mon in warmer parts of the Old World. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Nicoya, Tonduz 13742 bis. @ Bulbostylis Kunth is antedated by Stenophyllus Raf.—Eprror. b Mr. Clarke credits this combination to Kunth, Enum. 2: 211, ef. 205, 1837, but the binomial can hardly be regarded as technically published by Kunth.—Fprror. 460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 9. SCIRPUS I.. Spikelets with several or many perfect flowers; lowest one or two glumes sometimes empty, those next succeeding bisexual, perfecting nuts. the uppermost imperfect; glumes in several spirals, glabrous except marginally; style 3 or 2-fid, its base not enlarged, but passing gradually into the top of the ovary. Sheaths of the leaves not ciliate or bearded at the orifice. Species 136, diffused all over the world. Style persistent, its branches 3, rather long....................... 1. S. inundatus. Style deciduous, its branches 2, very short...................... 2. S. micranthus. |. Scirpus inundatus Poir. Encye. Suppl. 5: 103. 1817. Tsolepis inundata R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 222. 1 Isolepis nigricans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 220. 1815. Seirpus nigricans Poir, Encyc. Suppl. 5: 104. 1817. Stem 2 to 20 cm. long, monocephalous; spikelets 2 to 14, capitate, 4 to 8 mm. long; hypogynous bristles none; style 3-fid; nut oblong-obovoid, minutely conic-rostrate, smooth, yellow brown. Disrripution: Australia, New Zealand, and western South America, common. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pitter, 2979: Tonduz 10760; Irazt, altitude 2,300 meters, Pittier 853. 2. Scirpus micranthus Vahl, Enum. 2: 254. 1806. Isolepis micrantha Roem. & Schult. 2: 110. 1817. Hemacarpha subsquarrosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 61. pl. 4. f. 1. 1842. Isolepis caespitula Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 49. 1849, Disrripution: Angola; also frequent in almost all parts of America. Costa Rican CouLEcrion: Talamanca. altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 8607. SPECIES OF SCIRPUS TO BE LOOKED FOR IN COSTA RICA. ScrRPUS CUBENSIS Kunth, Enum. 2: 172. 1837. Anosporum cubense Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 413. 1869-70. Crepidocar pus cubensis Klotzsch; Boeckl. Linnaea 36: 414. 1869-70. as synonym. Isolepis echinocephala Oliver, Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 167. pl. 107. 1875. Spikes globose, dense, loosely umbellate: hypogynous bristles none; style bifid. DisrriputTion: Tropical Africa and America, frequent. 10. FUIRENA Rottb. , Characters of Scirpus except as to the 3 inner hypogynous bristles, these being obovate and shaped like petals.—Stems nodose above the base and | aly. Inflorescence not umbellate. Glumes aristate, hispid-pilose. Species 35, dispersed in the warmer parts of the whole world. 1. Fuirena umbellata Rotth. Descr. & Icon. 70 pl. 19 Ji. e.. second pl. 18] f. 3. 1773. DIsTRIBUTION: Common in almost all warm countries. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Talamanca, altitude 100 meters, Tonduz 9222; Matina, Pitter 10316. 11. DULICHIUM I. ©, Rich. Spikelets 5 to 8-flowered; glumes in 2 ranks: hypogynous bristles 6 to 8; style long, its base passing gradually into the summit of the ovary, its branches 2, short; nut oblong, plano-convex.—Stem rather stout, closely jointed throughout; the lower sheaths ending in a leaf, the upper ina bract. -Rachilla as in Torulinium breaking CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 46] into l-seeded joints. Type farremoved from the Eueyperaceae by its closely jointed culm and its hypogynous bristles. Species 1, American. 1. Dulichium arundinaceum (I..) Britton, Bull. Torr, Club 21: 29, 1894.4 Cyperus arundinacens LL. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753. Schoenus spathaceus 1, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762. Cyperus ferrugineus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762, as citation. Dulichium spathaceum L. C. Rich. in Pers. Syn. 1: 65. 1805. Scirpus spathaceus Michx. Fl. 1: 32. 1802. Stems 40 to 100 cm. long ,with 20 to 40 nodes; leaves 10cm. long, 6 mm. wide; pan- icle 10 to 30 cm. long; lower bracts leaf-like, distant from each other by about | to 5 cm. spikelets 2 cm. long,3 mm. in diameter, subterete: hypogynous bristles rather rigid, surpassing the nut. DisrriputTion: From Canada and Oregon to Florida and California, frequent: Costa Rica. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Lomas del Silencio, Diquis Valley, altitude 600 meters, Pittier 1208. z. DICHROMENA Vahl. Glumes very many, closely compacted in many spirals; 3 or more of the lowest vacant, | to 3 next above these bisexual, perfecting nuts; several of the uppermost staminate only and infertile; hypogynous bristles none; stamens 3 or 2, anterior; style linear, its branches 2, linear, longer than the undivided part; nut sessile, obovoid or orbicular, compressed, crowned with pyramidal, depressed or conical persistent style-base.—Plants rather slender, the leaves narrow. Stems naked, monocephalous. Spikelets whitish, capitate. Bracts exceeding the inflorescence, narrow, dilated and whitish at base. Species 13, peculiar to tropic and subtropic America. Spikelets white, subspicately capitate... 0.0.0.0... ..-2-2.---4-2--- 1. D. ciliata. Spikelets cinnamon-color, | to 5, sessile... 22.2... .....- 22+ +--+ +--+ +: 2. D. radicans. 1. Dichromena ciliata Vahl, Enum. 2: 240. 1806. Dichromena nervosa Vahl, Enum. 2: 241. 1806, in part. Schoenus globosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 229. 1815. Dichromena pura Nees, Linnaea 9: 291. 1834. Rynchospora nervosa Boeckl, Linnaea 37: 529. 1873, the synonym Dichromena pul- chella Kunth excluded. DistripuTion: Central America and tropical South America. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Hoffmann 608; Turrialba, Tonduz 8228; San José, alti- tude 1,100 meters, Pittier 4216, Tonduz 432, 1232; Guanacaste, Tonduz 2708, 2709; Buenos Aires, Pittier 3585; Salinas Bay. Tondi2 2865; San Francisco de Guadalupe, Tonduz 8447; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8841: Boruca, Tondiuz 4477; Mano de Tigre, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 4639. la. Dichromena ciliata vahliana (. B. Clarke, in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2; 101. 1900.» Schoenus tenuifolius HW. B. IK. Nov. Gen, & Sp. 1: 228, 1815. Rynchospora vahliang Griseb, FI. Brit. West Ind. 577. 1864. Stolons long. DisrriBuTION: Cuba, Guadalupe, Costa Rica. Josta RICAN COLLECTION: Nicoya, Tondiue 13945. a The specific name arundinacenm as oldest is here adopted in accordance with current practice instead of spathacewm used in Mr, Clarke’s manuscript.—Eprror. bThe name tenuifolia is older than vahliana and unoecupied.—Epiror. 462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Dichromena radicans Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 38. 1831. Dichromena pubera Vahl, Fnum, 2: 241. 1806, in part. Dichromena pubera microcarpa Boeck]. Linnaea 37; 529. 1873. DistRiBUTION: Central America, tropical South America; also in the West Indies, quite common. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: San Rafael de Cartago, Pitlier 2583. 13. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Glumes in many spirals or else obscurely 2-ranked; 3 or more of the lower empty, | to several above these bisexual and nut-bearing, the uppermost staminate or empty; hypogynous bristles sometimes wanting, when present 6 or 7, irregular; stainens 3 or 2, anterior; style bifid, in the series of the Haplostyleae very long, at apex shortly bidentate, in the series of the Diplostyleae deeply cleft, the branches linear; nut obo- void, compressed, crowned with the conical and persistent style base.—Inflorescence capitate or panicled, near umbellate. Leaves always obvious, linear. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Style long; the two branches short, or almost none. (HAPLOSTYLEAE. ) Stem monocephalous. (MONOCEPHALAE)...............-- 1. R. globosa. Heads globose, several, rarely but one. (PoLyCEPHALAE)... 2. R. cyperoides. Spikelets solitary or fascicled, disposed in corvmbs. (Ca- | LYPTROSTYLEAE. ) Spikelets yellow, or yellow-brown. ........-.-. lenses 3. R. aurea. Spikelets from greenish to chestnut brown. Stem-leaves many, approximate; bristlesnone 2... 4. R. polyphylla. Stems less densely leafy; bristles often obvious. Spikelets green, or somewhat chestnut-tinged. Spikelets 7 to 8 min. Jong.......2...-.-.-- 5. RR. schiedeana. Spikelets 3 to 4mm, long ................ 6. R. locuples. Spikelets chestnut-brown or tawny. Bristles of about the length of the nut... 7. R. macrochacta. Bristles longer than the very small nut.... 8. R. vudeant. Style linear; branches 2, linear, longer than the undivided part. ( DIPLOSTYLEAE. ) Bristles none. (PstLosTacuys. ) Nut transversely undulate. Style base depressed, nearly discoid ...-. 22.22... 9. R. eximaa. Style base pyramidal. ......0.....0.0202.0-0-.--. 10. FR. robusta. Nut smooth, not undulate. Spikelets 9 mm. long...............22...-0-..... 11. R. longispicata. Spikelets 2 to 3 min. long.......0..22202020.... 12. R. clarket. Bristles scabrous anteriorly; nut smooth; head solitary, | to 4 cm.Jong. (Fuscan) ..............0.2.20222---2.---- 13. R. cephalotes. Bristles scabrous anteriorly; nut transversely undulate. (GLAUCAE.) Spikelets more or less fascicled in the corymbs. Peduncles of the corymbs slender, nodding ...... 14. R. glauea. Peduncles of the corymbs strictly erect.... 0.2... 15. R. schaffnert. Spikelets mostly solitary... ...........2----.2-2------- 16. R. mariseulis. 1. Rynchospora globosa Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 89. 1S17. (haetospora globosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 230. 1815. Schoenus globosa Poir. Encyec. Suppl. 5: 617. 1817, Cephaloschoenus globosus Nees, Linnaea 9: 296. 1834. Cephaloschoenus marginatus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 63. 1849. Rynchospora marginata Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 142. 1855. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 463 Rynchospora presleana Steud. loc. cit. Rynchospora pohliana Steud. loc. cit. DistripuTion: From Mexico to Brazil, rather common. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 432. 2. Rynchospora cyperoides (Sw.) Mart. Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Muench. 6: 149. 1816-17. Schoenus cyperoides Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19. 1788. Schoenus fragiferus Rudge, Pl. Guian. 15. pl. 17. 1805. Rynchospora polycephala Wydler; Kunth, Enum. 2: 291. 1837, Ephippiorrynchium polycephalum Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2!: 184. pl. 72. 1842. DistrrButTion: Tropical Africa, rare; in America and the West Indies, frequent. Costa Rican COLLECTION: Guanacaste, Pittier 2707, 3. Rynchospora aurea Valil, Enum. 2: 229. 1806.0 Scirpus corymbosus L. Amoen, Acad. 4: 303. 1759. Schoenus surinamensis Rotth. Deser. & Ic. 68. pl. 21. f. 1. 1773. Caly ptrostylis fascieularis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 21: 189. 1845. Distripution: Tropical regions of all continents, very common. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Pittier & Tonduz in Brussels Herbariuin. 4. Rynchospora polyphylla Vahl, Enum. 2: 230. 1806. Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl, Eclog. Am. 2:5. 1798. Mitrospora polyphylla Nees, Linnaea 9: 295. 1834. Rynchospora costaricensis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitsch. 2: 110. 1896. Disrripution: Central America, West Indies, Venezuela, frequent. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, Pittier 3648: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4483. 5. Rynchospora schiedeana Kunth, Enum. 2: 300. 1837. Calyptrostylis paniculata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 64. 1849. A meter high; leaves 15 mm. wide; panicle 50 cm, long, 10 em. wide; corymbs decompound, spikelets subsolitary, 7 to 8 mm, long, style scarcely divided; nut broadly ellipsoidal, smooth, lightly cancellate; beak long-conical, of three-fourths the length of the nut. DisTtRIBUTION: Mexico. 5a. Rynchospora schiedeana varica (. B. Clarke, subsp. nov. Rynchospora schiedeana Wemst. Biol. Centr. Am. 3: 467. 1885, synonyms excluded. Branches of the terminal panicle several, long, slender, divaricate, crowned at summit with pyramidal panicles. Type U. 8. National Herbarium no. 578583. Distripution: Mexico, Costa Rica. Costa Rican cottection: El Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11736. 6, Rynchespora locuples (. B. Clarke, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. (34) Beibl. 78:5. 1904. Stem a meter high; leaves 12 to 17 mm. wide; panicle 40 cm. long, 12 cm. broad, rather dense, excessively many-flowered; partial panicles pyramidal, rigid, com- pound; spikelets indefinitely many, 3 to 4 mm. long, lanceolate, straw-colored, maturing but one nut; nut | to 1.5 mm. long, oblong-ellipsoid, pale, reticulate; beak oblong-linear, longer than the utricle, whitish; bristles irregular, whitish, rigid, retrorsely barbed, some as long as the nut, some twice as long, sometimes almost obsolete. Collected by Tonduz (no, L919) at El Copey, Costa Riea. altitude 1,800 meters. Also Bogota, Colombia, Lindiy 1416. Species allied to R. schiedeana Britton, differing by its small and innumerable spikelets. a The specific name corymbosus is older and unoccupied.—Epiror. 464 _ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Rynchospora macrochaeta Steud. in Lechler, Berber. Am. Centr, 56. 1857. Rynchospora hoffmanni Boeckl. Linnaea 87: 637. 1873. Nearly glabrous, moderately stout or almost robust; panicle of 3 corymbs, these long-peduncled, dense, and paniculate; hypogynous bristles 4 to 6, rigid, little sur- passing the nut; style long, scarcely divided; nut ellipsoid, smooth, reticulate, chestnut-colored, beak conic-linear, of the length of the nut. DIsTRIBUTION: New Grenada, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia; Costa Rica. Costa Rican coLLEcTIONS: Summit of the Voledn de Barba, Hoffmann 65; Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Tonduz 1951; Los Arcengeles Valley, Iscazd, altitude 2,000 meters, Pittier 239. 8. Rynchospora vulcani Boeck]. Linnaca 37: 638. 1873. Rynchospora pittieri Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 109. 1896. Almost glabrous, tall; panicle of 3 or 4 long-peduncled pyramidal corymbs: hypogy- nous bristles 4 or 5, twice as long as the nut: nut very small, subglobose, compressed, smooth, somewhat barred transversely, brown; beak attenuate above a conical base, shorter than the nut. Costa RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Summit of the Volean de Barba. Hoffmann 66; Voledn de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 10758, 10761; Potrero del Alto. altitude 2,450 meters, Pittier 2990. Species related to R. macrochaeta Steud. very closely; differing slightly by its very small but broader nut. . 9. Rynchospora eximia (Nees) Bocckl. Linnaea 37: 601. 1872. Spermodon eximius Nees in Seeman, Bot. Voy. Herald 222. 1845-1851. Psilocarya schiedeana Licbm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 60. 1849. DistRIBUTION: Mexico, Costa Rica. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4479. 10. Rynchospora robusta Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 616. 1873. Dichromena robusta Kunth, Enum. 2: 283. 1837. Psilocarya robusta Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 116. 1842. Rather robust, stoloniferous, sparsely pubescent: corymbs axillary and terminal, of many spikelets; mature spikelets ovoid-ellipsoid. with 4 to 8 nuts: bristles none: style deeply bifid; nut broadly obovoid, transversely undulate-lineolate; beak ovoid, of about the length of the nut. DisTRIBUTION: Guatemala, Costa Rica, South America. Costa Rican COLLECTION: Ciénaga de Agua Buena, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 11023. 11. Rynchospora longispicata Boeckl. Linnava 37: 600. 1873. Rynchospora filiformis Griseb, Fl. Brit. West Ind. 576. 1864, not Vahl. L806. Dichromena filiformis Kunth, Enum. 2: 281. 1887, synonyms excluded. Spermodon filiformis Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 118, 1843. DisrriputTion: Widely dispersed through tropical America. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Pittier LO587. 12. Rynchospora clarkei Rose, sp. nov.4 Stems 1 to 8 em. long, monocephalous, the head composed of 1 or 2 spikelets; leaves I to 3 cm, long, linear; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, maturing | to 4 nuts: hypogynous bristles none; style branches 2, linear, rather long; nut 0.5 mm. long, obovoid, slightly turgid, smooth, grayish-green; beak depressed. Type, sheet no. 818779, U. S. National Herbarium. DistRiBUTION: Mexico (Jalisco, Pringle 2319, type), Costa Rica. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, Piltier 10585. « This species was given a name by Mr. Clarke, which is found to bea homonym., CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. ~—64465 13. Rynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl, Mnum. 2: 237. 1806. Scirpus cephalotes L, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 76. 1762. Schoenus cephalotes Rottb. Deser. & Ic. 61. pl. 20. 1773. DistripuTion: Central America, and in South America as far as Chile; common. Costa RICAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos Aires, altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 3644, 4885. 14. Rynchospora glauca Vahl, Enum. 2: 2335, 1806. Schoenus gracilis Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19. 1788, in lesser part. Rynchospora gracilis Vahl, Enum. 2: 234. 1806. Rynchospora pungens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selskr. Skr. 2: 65, 1849, Disrripution: Almost all warm countries. Costa Rican coL~uections: Boruca, Tonduz 3582; Buenos Aires, altitude 500 meters, Tonduz 4883 bis; Paramos del Abejonal, altitude 2.900 meters, Tonduz 7863. 15. Rynchospora schafineri Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 575, 1873. Rynchospora durandiana Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 94. 1896. Glabrous, panicle narrow, composed of spiciform corymbs; spikelets 4 mm. long, chestnut-colored, ovoid-lanceolate, perfecting but one nut; style deeply bifid; nut obovoid-ellipsoid; beak hardly half as long as the nut, pyramidal, scabrous; hypogy- nous bristles 6, about equaling the nut. DistriBuTION: Mexico, Costa Rica. Costa RIcaAN coLLections: El Copey, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 14863; Portillo del Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 327. 16. Rynchospora marisculus Nees, Linnaea 9: 297. 1834. Rynchospora jubata Liebm, Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 66. 1849. DisTRIBUTION: Mexico to Paraguay; frequent. Costa RicaAN COLLECTION: Ciénaga de Agua Buena, altitude 1,100 meters, Pitter 11022. 14. SCLERIA Berg. Flowers unisexual, axillary; pistillate glumes open, i. ¢., not with united margins and utriculiform; hypogynous bristles none; nut bony, globose, more or less trig- onous or obovoid, white, lead-colored, or purplish, inserted on a gynophore, which is often dilated into a 3-lobed disk, sometimes cup-like.—Spikelets few-flowered, some- times androgynous with a single basal fertile flower and several staminate ones above it; sometimes {inisexual, either staminate and many-flowered, or pistillate with but one fertile flower, but with several rudiments above it, or these almost obsolete. Leaves always obvious. Species 180, dispersed all around the world within and near the Tropics, especially in the humid regions. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spikelets not all unisexual, i, ¢., some androgynous with fertile spikes. Roots fibrous; plants slender. Inflorescence having the appearance of a single spike... 1. S. distans. Inflorescence loosely panicled. ..........------------ 2. 8S. lebmanniv. Plants less slender; with horizontal rhizome. Inflorescence like a single spike.........----.--------- 3. S. hirtella, Inflorescence loosely panicled........--.-..----------- 1, S. lithos perma. Spikelets all unisexual; plants rather robust. ‘ Roots fibrous (TESSELLATAE) .......------------ 55-0005 5. 8. lacustris. Margin of disk not ciliate; perennials (MUscLERIA). Stems branched and straggling; ligule elongated....... GS. reflera. 466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems erect; ligule ovate or short. Panicles all composed of both pistillate and staminate spikelets. Nut at length chestnut, red, or decolored...... 7. S. melaleuca. Nut white, depressed at apex..........2..2.... 8. S. pterota. Upper part of panicle staminate, lower part pistillate. 9. S. bracteata. Margin of disk ciliate; tall perennial (OpHRyoscLERIA) .... 10. S. paludosa. Margin of disk laciniate; leaves 4 cm. wide (ScnizoLepis)... 11. 8. latifolia. 1. Scleria distans Poir. Fncyc. 7: 4. 1806. Scleria tenella Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 249. 1866, in part, not Kunth. DistTripution: West Indies, Costa Rica. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 648. . Scleria liebmanni Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 2: 179. 1855. Scleria costaricensis Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 157. 1896. Disrripution: Dispersed from Mexico to Brazil. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4484, 4634, 4792. 3. Scleria hirtella Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 19, 1788. Scleria nutans Kunth, Enum. 2: 352. 1837. DistripuTion: Africa, including Madagascar; also in nearly all parts of America, common. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, Pittier 2800. 4. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 18. 1788. Scirpus lithospermus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 51. 1753. Scleria tenuis Retz. Obs. 4: 13. 1786. Scleria filiformis Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Oce. 19. 1788. Schoenus lithospermus L. Sp. Pl. ed.-2. 1: 65. 1762, in small part. DisrriputTion: In warm countries all around the world nearly; rare in Africa; in Asia, Oceania, and America rather common. Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Guanacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pittier 2,716. 0. Seleria lacustris ©. Wright in Sauv. Fl. Cub. 185. 1873. Scleria tonduzti Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 160. 1896. Disrripution: Cuba, French Guiana, Brazil, Costa Rica. Costa Rican COLLECTION: Tuis Valley, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 8181. ). Scleria reflexa H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 1: 232. 1815. Scleria flagellum Nees, Flora 11: 303. 1828, scarcely Sw. Mastigoscleria refleca Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 177. 1842. Disrripution: From Mexico to southern Brazil, frequent. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Turrinlba, altitude 600 meters, Tonduz 9008; Golfo de Osa, Tonduz 10079. Tonduz no. 11389 is a doubtful form=Spruce no. 500, collected at Para, i. ¢., Seleria tenacissima? Benth. Real Seleria lenacissima, Steud.4, collected by Nees at Para, no. 422, has its nut reticulate-tuberculate. But to me, as to Bentham, the plants seem to be the same. bo ws o _— 7. Scleria melaleuca Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 29. IS31. DIstRIBUTION: Common throughout tropical America. Cosra Rican coniections: Hoffmann 873; O. Kuntze; Rodeo de Pacaca, Pittier 3326; Siquirres, Pittier 4207; Matina, Pittier 9747; Buenos Aires, Pittier 10635; Finca de Chirripé, altitude 100 meters, Pittier 16076; San Carlos, Tonduz 2082; Térraba, - altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3581, 3589: Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4482; Turrialba, altitude 0-550 meters, Tonduz 8230, 8393: Rio Zhorquin, Tonduz 8529. aSyn. Pl. Glum. 2: 175, 1855. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 467 8. Scleria pterota Pres] in Oken, Isis 21: 268. 1828. Scleria pratensis Lindl.; Nees, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 19. Suppl. 1: 121. 1843. Seleria communes Kunth, Enum. 2: 340. 1837+ in part. Seleria pittiert Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 159. 1896. DistRIBUTION: Quite common in tropical America. Costa RIcaAN COLLECTIONS: Buenos “ne altitude 300 meters, Tonduz 4886; Gua- nacaste, altitude 250 meters, Pither 2715; Turrialba, Tondiz 8230 bis. Scleria bracteata Cav. Ic. 5: 3-4. v1 hot, 1799, Macrolomia bracteata Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 182. pl. 24. 1843. DistriputTion: Abundant ‘n tropical America. Costa Rican coLLections: Térraba, altitude 250 meters, Tonduz 3963; Boruca, altitude 450 meters, Tonduz 4640. 0. Scleria paludosa Kunth, Enum. 2: 344. 1837. Ophryoscleria paludosa Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 185, 1842. Scleria macrocarpa Salam. Linnaea 38: 521, 1874. DistripuTron: In tropical America frequent. Costa RicAN COLLECTION: Rio Ceibo near Buenos Aires, altitude 200 meters, Tonduz 4882. 11. Seleria latifolia Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Oce. IS. 1788. DistRIBUTION: West Indies, Mexico, Costa Rica, Venezuela. Costa RicAN COLLECTION: Banks of Sarapiqut River, Biolley 7456b. Under the name ‘ Scleria ciliaefoliag’ there is in the Brussels Herbarium a plant (Pittier & Tonduz no. 3355), which was found on closer examination to be Luzula racemosa Desy. (Buchenau, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 12: 132. 1890.) Duranpta Boeckl..¢ a “new genus of the tribe of the Sclerieae” consisting of D. macrophylla Boeckl.,6 is founded on Tonduz no. 8402 collected in Costa Rica. The type is preserved in the Brussels Herbarium. By the kindness of Mr. de Wilde- man I have been permitted toexamine it. The plant belongs to the Haemodoraceae, and is Niphidiwm coeruleum Aubl.¢ ’ 15. CALYPTROCARYA Nevs Flowers unisexual; pistillate flower appearing as if terminal, naked; hypogynous bristles none; style branches 2, linear: nut ovoid-conical, minutely pilose. —Spikes dense, pea-shaped, corymbose-panicled, extremely small, androgynous, the single terminal spikelet pistillate, I-flowered, the lateral spikelets 2 to 4, staminate, I-flowered. Proper pistillate glumes 2, in 2 ranks, boat-shaped, ovate. Staminate flowers monandrous. o Species 7, indigenous to tropical America. 1. Calyptrocarya fragiferad Kunth, Enunr. 2: 364. 1837. Calyptrocarya palmetto Nees in Mart. FI. Bras. 2!: 195. 1843. Becquercha glomerulata Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy. Coquille 2; 163. 1829. Hypolytrum nidtinerve Hochst.; Steud. Syn. PL Glam, 2: 133, 1859, DistRIBUTION: Scattered throughout tropical America. Costa RiIcAN COLLECTIONS: Cocos Island, Pittier 12376; (Nicaragua) San Juan del Norte, Pittrer 9635, a Allgem. Bot. Zeitse hr. 2: 160. 1896. b@p. cit. 175. ¢ Pl. Guian. 1:33. pl. 11. 1775. @d The specific name glomerulata is older and unoccupied.—Epiror, 13391—08——3 468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 16. UNCINIA Pers. Flowers unisexual; prophylla 2, joined together and forming a bicarinate utricle inclosing the ovary: asetiform rudiment of the axis of a spikelet partly inclosed within the utricle, its stout uncinate tip exserted from it. Species 26, mostly inhabiting the South Temperate Zone, in Australia, New Zea- land, the more southerly islands of Oceania, temperate South America, but also in Mexico and Jamaica. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Spike dense, 3 mm. in diameter ............-..2-2---------------- 1. U. jamaicensis. Spike rather loose, 2 mm. in diameter..................020020---- 2. U. tenuis. 1. Uncinia jamaicensis Pers. Syn. 2: 534. 1807. Carex uncinata Schk. Riedgr. 1: 18. pl. Gf. 30. 1801, not L. f. DistrrBuTioN: From Central America to Argentina. Costa RicAN COLLECTIONS: El Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11850; Barba [Pittier] 2003; Barba, altitude 2,000 meters, Tonduz 1693, 2084; Reventado, altitude 2,600 meters, Pittier 852: Volean de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Tonduz 10762. 2. Uncinia tenuis Kunth, Enum. 2: 525. 1837. Uneinia gracilis Decaisne in Hombr. & Jacq. Bot. Voy. Astrolabe 2: pl. 6. f. B. 1853. DistriputTion: Chili, Patagonia, Costa Rica. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Volcan de Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Tonduz 1904. The Costa Rican habitat is entirely new. 7. CAREX L. Flowers unisexual; prophylla 2, united into a utricle inclosing the bicarinate ovary; no rudiment of un axis within the utricle, —, Species 1,300, distributed all over the world in the more humid regions. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Style branches 2. (VIGNEA.) Some of the upper spikes pistillate at apex, staminate at base: none staminate at summit and pistillate at base. (VIGNEGYNAE) .......... 1. C. heptastachya. Some of the upper spikes staminate at apex, pistillate at base; none pistillate at summit and staminate at base. (Vic- NEANDRAE.)......2..-222------0 2-200 222 ee ee ee eee ee eee 2. C. pichinchensis. Style branches 8. (MucAREX.) Some of the upper spikes stuminate at sumunit, pistillate at base; none pistillate at sumiit and staminate at base, (In the Costa Rican species the spikes are cylindrical and panicled.) (CARICANDRAE. ) Spikes 3 to 10 em. long, rather deeply colored. Pistillate glumes elongated-lanceolate, hardly acute. 3. C. jamesoni. Pistillate glumes aristate ......222.2---.-2-------- 4. (. pittierd. Spikes 1 to 3 em. long, greenish-ferruginous. Plant of middle size; peduncles slender.........-.- 5. (. cladostachya. Plant a meter high or more: peduncles rigid 2.22... - 6. C. jovis. 1. Carex heptastachya Boeckl. Linnaca 39: 114. 1875. Carex jonesii 1. Wi. Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16, 1889. . Carex durandii Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 189, 1896, Rootstock short, slender; stems densely tufted, 10 to 60 cm. long, slender, smooth, toward the triangular summit minutely scabrous; leaves commonly as long as the stems, CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA. 469 2 to 4 mm. wide, 16 to 20-striate, glabrous except as to the margin, this minutely scabrous; inflorescence appearing as if simply spicate, 3 to 5 cm. long, of 6 to 9 pale brownish spikes; lowest bract setaceous, sometimes short, sometimes 4 to 5 em. long; spikes approximate, or a trifle distant, the very lowest one rarely 3 cm, distant from the others, most of them 6 to 12 mm. long, ellipsoid, some of the upper pistillate ones staminate at base, the terminal one rarely altogether staminate, never pistillate at base and staminate at apex; glume of the pistillate shorter than the utricle, ovate, scarcely acute, l-nerved, brownish; style bifid, shorter than the utricle; utricle 3 to 3.5 mm. long, including the beak, plano-convex, ellipsoid, its beak oblong-conical, compressed, shorter than the body; utricle herbaceous, smooth, subsessile, glabrous, 9-nerved on the convex face, 3 to 5-nerved on the plane; margins smooth, at length incurved; beak on the plane face hardly bidentate, on the other cleft to the base, and its margins when young almost winged, when mature minutely and rigidly scab- rous; nut ovoid-ellipsoid, compressed, nearly filling the utricle. DisrriputTion: Tampico (Berlandier, 529); in New Granada and Venezuela, at 2,500 meters, frequent; Costa Rica. Costa Rican CoLLections: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pitfier 324, 2980, 2983, Tonduz 10759; Cerro de las Vueltas, altitude 3,000 meters, Pittier 10510; Cerro de Buena Vista, near the summit, altitude 3,300 meters, Pittier 3376, 2. Carex pichinchensis I]. 3. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 253. Carex dura Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 122. 1846. Carex sachapata Lechler, Berber. Am. Austr. 56. 1857. Carex fuscoatra Boeckl. Linnaca 40: 378. 1876. Of medium size or stoutish; leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide, beneath densely glandular- puberulent; spikes 5 to 30, cylindrical, 2 to 5 cm. long, dark chestnut-colored, at the very summit staminate; pistillate glume lanceolate, obtuse, much exceeding the utricle; style bifid; utricle 2.5 to 3 mm. long, ellipsoid, compressed, smooth, glab- rous, rather obscurely or obsoletely nerved; beak one-fourth to one-third the length of the body of the utricle, short-cylindric, the margin either sparingly or hispidly scabrous, on the plane face scarcely divided at apex and pilose-ciliate, on the other deeply cleft. DistrRiBUTION: Western tropical America, very common. Cosra RIcAN COLLECTIONS: Pods, altitude 2,500 meters, Pittier 331, 2981, 2982; Cerro de las Vueltas, altitude 3,000 meters, Pitticr 10520; Cerro de la Muerte, alti- tude 3,100 meters, Pittier 10454; Cerro de Buena Vista, altitude 3,300 meters, Pitteer 3381. Nut oceasionally deformed. See C. B. Clarke on this species as perhaps recently derived from C. jamesoniti, Boott. 3. Carex jamesoni Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc, 20: 124. 1846. Rather robust, leaves 5 to 10 im. broad, beneath closely beset with minute glands; spikes 5 to 8 cm. long, linear, chestnut-brown, pistillate at the very base, staminate at apex; pistillate glume lanceolate, equaling the utricle; style 3-fid; utricle 3 mm. long, including the beak, narrowly ellipsoid, trigonous, smooth, glabrous, striate; beak half as long as the body, bidentate, hardly scabrous; nut triquetrous, sometimes deformed. DistriBUTION: Mexico (Galeotti 5763); Costa Rica; very common in western tropi- cal South Ainerica. Costa Rican CoLLectioNs: El] Copey, altitude 1,800 meters, Tonduz 11921; Pods, altitude 2,650 meters, Tonduz 10757; Barba, altitude 2,750 meters, Pitteer 303. 4, Carex pittieri Boeckl. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 2: 190. 1896. A meter high, leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide, beneath densely glandular-puberulent; inflorescence 40 to 50 cm. long, paniculate, of about 40 tawny-brownish spikes, these @Proc. Linn. Soc. 1895-96: 25, 26. 1896. 470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. linear-cylindric, 8 to 15 em. long, the uppermost pistillate at base, staminate at apex: pistillate glumes lanceolate, with an awn 5 to 6 mm. long; style branches 3, short; utricle, inclusive of the beak, 4 mm. long, linear-oblong, trigonous, glabrous, smooth, curved, striate; beak of hardly one-third the length of the body. Costa Rican coLttections: Volcan de Pods, altitude 2,600 meters, Pitter 824; Volean de Barba, altitude 2.750 meters, Tonduz 1952; Cerro de Buena Vista, altitude 3.100 meters, Tondiuz 3380. Liebmann has described several Mexican species of this section, but I have not been able to unite C. pittiert specifically with any specimen of Liebmann’s in the Kkew Herbarium. (C. jamesont gracilis LW. Bailey, very like this in habit, panicle, and color of spikes, differs in that its pistillate glume is less aristate. 5. Carex cladostachya Wahlenb. Kong. Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. Stockh. 24: 149. 1803. Carex mexicana J. S. & C. B Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 204, 1830, Carex hartwegit Boott in Benth, Pl. Hartw. 96. 1839-57. DistrrButTion: From Mexico to Bolivia, common. Costa Rican COLLECTIONS: Desamparados, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1483; Tres Rios, Pittier 4337; San Marcos, altitude 1,350 meters, Tonduz 7717; Alajuelita, altitude 1,000 meters, Tonduz 8843; Aserri, Tonduz 1247d; San José, altitude 1,100 meters, Tonduz 1247 ter; El Copey, altitude 2,500 meters, Tonduz 12180; Pods, alti- tude 2,450 meters, Pittier 2984; Cabeceras del Bris, Pittier 10568; Rio Birvis, altitude 1,200 meters, Pittier 3126; Rio Torres, Tonduz 1247bis; Cafias Gordas, altitude 1.100 meters, Pittier 7350, 11028; Santa Barbara, altitude 1.400 meters, Tonduz 1677; El Rodeo de Paquita, altitude 900 meters, Tondiz 1620. C. polystachya Wahl...” according to American authors, is represented by Pringle’s no. 4840 from Oaxaca, and Bourgeau’s no. 3026 from Orizaba. It is a stouter plant, with more rigid inflorescence and an ellipsoid or ovoid utricle; but in my opinion it is scarcely distinguishable specifically. 6. Carex jovis ©. B. Clarke, sp. nov. A meter high and more; leaves | em. long, densely glandular-pubetulent beneath; inflorescence 50 cm. long, peduncles rigid, suberect; corymbs rigid, narrow; spikes as much as 3 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, several of them pistillate at base and staminate at apex; pistillate glumes lanceolate, little surpassing the utricles; style 5-fid; utricle 2 to 3 mm. long including the beak, oblong. smooth, glabrous, trigonous, striate; beak about one-third as long as the body, deeply bidentate; nut oblong, trigonous. see Costa RICAN COLLECTION: Pittter & Tonduz 10757 in the Brussels Herbarium (type). 18. HYPOLYTRUM, L. ©. Rich. Proper spikelets, very small, appearing as if composed of bisexual flowers in spikes resembling closely the spikelets of Scirpus, imbricated on all sides, 3-flowered; the two lower flowers opposite, staminate, each with only one stamen, the uppermost one a naked pistil, 1 to 4 oblong scales (i. e., sterile male glumes) being interposed between the two male flowers and the pistil; staminate glumes boat-shaped, somewhat hairy on the keel, distinct or sometimes more or less connate: style bifid.—Inflorescence paniculate-corymbose, Species 42, distributed throughout almost all tropical countries; one at Nepal, one in the Hawaiian Islands. 1. Hypolytrum nicaraguense Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. 2: 47. 1849. Hypolytrum amplium var. (?) 6, Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. 2': 65. 1843. Hypolytrum selloianum Boeckl. Linnaea 37: 134. 1871. 4 Kongl. Vet. Akad. Nya. Hand]. Stockh. 24: 149, 1803. CLARKE—THE CYPERACEAE OF COSTA RICA, 471 Stem a meter high, stout; leaves 3 em. long; panicle ample, broadly pyramidal dense, often 12 cm. wide; nut, with its long-conic beak far surpassing the ghime. DistripuTion: Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa Rica. Cosra RICAN COLLECTION: Cocos Island, Pittier 12380. Searcely differs from MH. amplum Kunth, a species dispersed through Guiana, Surinam, and along the Amazon in Brazil. 18. MAPANIA Aubl. Spikes densely capitate; proper spikelets appearing like bisexual flowers, 6-squamel- late; two lower squamellae opposite, be vat-shaped, cach with a single stamen, the third one lateral, plane, sterile or with a stamen, this succeeded by three that are sterile, often delicate; uppermost flower a single naked pistil; style trifid or bifid.—Plants glabrous, except as to the squamellae. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves represented only by the broad leai-like bracts. ........------- 1. M. silvatica. Basal leaves present, elongated, cauline except the bracts none... 2. M. pyenocephata. 5 1. Mapania sylvatica \ublet, Pl. Guian. 1: 47. pl. 17. 1775 Stem 30 to 60 cm. long, leafless; bracts 3, as much as 14 cm. long, 6 em. wide; head ovoid, 1 to 2 em. long, ferruginous; style trifid. Distripution: Venezuela, Guiana, Panama (Barclay 944), Costa Rica. Costa Rican cOLLecTION: Carrillo, Pittier 1187. 2. Mapania pycnocephala Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 15: 512. pl. 5, 6. 1887, by error pycnostachya. Hypolytrum pycnocephalum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 177, 1844. Stem 30 to 60 em. long: basal leaves 30 to 40 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. broad, narrowed at each end; bracts 3, resembling the leaves; head 1 to 2 cm. long. ovoid, ferruginous; style bifid. Distripution: Panama (Island of Gorgona, Choco Bay), Costa Rica. Costa RIcAN COLLECTION: Carrillo, Pither 1188. a Enum. 2: 272. 18387, O SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UxiTeD STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X, PART 7 STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—No. 1 By WILLIAM R. MAXON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 X ee SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS | FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME X, PART 7 STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—NOoO. 1 By WILLIAM R. MAXON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1908 BULLETIN OF THN UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM: Issurep Marcu 30, 1908. Il PREFACE. During the last deeade the National Museum has acquired large collections of Mexican and Central American plants. These collec- tions are rich in new material but evidently they are not sufficiently comprehensive to warrant undertaking the publication of a general flora of any one of these countries without further exploration, In order, however, to make public the scientific results of preliminary studies of the collections a series of papers has been carried on in the Contributions from the National Herbarium under the title, “Studies of Mexican and Central American Plants,” by Dr. J. N. Rose, associate curator. It is now proposed to begin a similar series under the title, “ Studies of Tropical American Ferns,” by Mr. Wil- liam R. Maxon, assistant curator. Although at present this will deal largely with Mexican and Central American collections, it will include also descriptions of new and noteworthy West Indian species. South American forms will be considered also, as circumstances may require. Frepertck V. Covinie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. Ill CONTENTS. Page. Introduction ..................0.---22-2- 222 ee eee eee eee eee eee 473 Asplenium salicifolium and confused species. .....222----------- 2-2-2 eee eee 475 A new genus of asplenioid ferns ...............--.-------------------+--+-- 481 The identity of Asplenium rhizophyllum \...........-----------+--+---------- 482 A new name for Anaxetum ........--.---.-------0----- 2-2-0 e eee eee eee eee ee 484 The Cuban species of Adiantopsis .......-.-....---------------+++--------- 485 A new genus allied to Vittaria.............2...-2---2---------------+--++--- 486 Miscellaneous notes and changes of name ...........------------------+--+- 488 New species of several genera .........-.-.---------------- +--+ ++ - eee eee 494 ILLUSTRATIONS. Facing page. Puate LY. Asplenium salicifolinm..........2---------- 22-2222 eee ee eee eee 506 LVI. Asplenium, Diplazium, Holodictyum .......-...----.---------- 508 STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS—NO. 1. By WILLIAM R. MAxon, INTRODUCTION. In this and following papers it is the purpose of the writer to pre- sent under a collective title some results of studies of tropical Amer- ican ferns, especially those of the West Indies, Mexico, and Central America. The matter is designed to include notes on some of the earlier species, corrections in nomenclature, descriptions of new species and, when material warrants, revisions of certain genera and smaller groups of species. A considerable number of the early species, of those even which have figured longest in literature, are still imperfectly understood and not infrequently appear under wrong names. To determine with exactness these historic species is of much taxonomic importance. The accomplishment of this, often a matter of extensive detail, is made vastly easier than formerly to American students by the large series of specimens gathered in recent years by American collectors; but even with these at hand there remain other considerations which render the serious study of so variable a group more than ordinarily difficult. As chief of these—aside from the usual insufficiency of the diagnoses and the location of the historic early collections, with their numerous types and frequently cited numbers, in European her- baria—may be mentioned the lack of attention given in the past to the matter of type localities and the failure to appreciate the fact of the more or less definite geographical distribution of species. From this there has resulted the greatest confusion. To illustrate: The extent of variation even in a suite of specimens from a single locality in tropical America, these known absolutely to constitute but a single variable though definitely restricted species, is sometimes—and this in no one genus and no one tribe—little short of astounding. To such a series known under one name may have been joined a closely allied group from some other and perhaps dis- 473 AT 4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, tant region, this also with its various forms diverging, it may be, along quite different lines; and to this fast-growing “ polymorphic species ” may have been added a third and a fourth form, each with its attendant variations. If the herbarium material at hand is con- siderable and represents forms from a wide geographic range, the chance of determining with certainty the limits of the several species previously merged or confused is, naturally, improved; yet also the greater is the need of study and of a thorough search of literature in applying the names correctly. With only scant material available a brief diagnosis of a Jamaican or a Martinique plant might be thought to apply well enough to Mexican specimens, in the absence of specimens from the type region, and one name might be made to apply to the whole. If this happened a century ago the reference, whether right or not, may have the weight of monographiec “au- thority ” of the intervening period, and the present-day writer may be confronted with the need of determining the boundaries and re- lationship not of one, but of two, three, or more species, as the case may be. Or, the original form having been rare or not much collected since, the name given to this may have become fixed definitely upon a single species, but this very different. from the original and_ pos- sibly from a distant region. On the other hand, the older writer, in the lack of connecting forms since collected in abundance, may have recognized far too many “ species.” When, finally, the limits of the several allied species have been made out, it may appear that in the case of any or all of these which may have received names, the nomen- clatorial type, having been determined not by selection but (often of necessity) by mere accident of first discovery, is not truly typical of the species and represents one of the outlying forms. Under these cir- cumstances the nonavailability of a type specimen for comparison or, at least, a lack of knowledge as to its exact origin, becomes a doubly serious handicap. Tt is not to be supposed that the difficulties mentioned exist in a study of the ferns alone, though it must be admitted that this group in particular has suffered radically diverse treatment at the hands of various students. This has resulted naturally from the circum- stances. Fern species, partly by reason of their ready dispersal and their unusual breadth of variation, are commonly supposed to occupy extensive ranges that would at once be discredited for the great majority of phanerogams. Undoubtedly a very wide distribution is to be ascribed to many tropical ferns, mainly lowland species, and very many others in one form or another too close to be separated are known to stretch over half a continent; yet marked exceptions occur, as in the Cyatheaceae, which have been found to be relatively local in range and in which, as might be supposed, definite though MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 475 minute diagnostic characters are noted upon painstaking study. Too few trustworthy modern data are available in published form to permit of more than general deductions as to geographic distribution. The problem often is, at present, to determine whether variations noted are local and essentially individual or, rather, are susceptible of correlation with geographic and physiographic factors. In this connection the importance of further field work should not be underestimated. With the important exception of Santo Domingo and certain large areas in Cuba the West Indies have been fairly well covered within recent years. There remain on the North American continent Nicaragua, Salvador, Honduras, and the vast humid region of eastern Mexico. To the extreme south is Panama, connecting geographically the two continents, its flora nearly un- known but almost certainly containing the strong South American element noted in that of Costa Rica immediately to the north. The exploration of eastern Mexico at mid-elevations toward the low- lands seems especially desirable in order to bring to light many of the species described during the first half of the last century. Ex- ploration of the other regions mentioned, particularly of Panama, is hardly less important, as certain to afford data bearing upon larger problems. The writer wishes to extend his thanks to the curators of the herbaria mentioned later for courteously placing at his disposal for study numerous specimens which have been of material assistance. ASPLENIUM SALICIFOLIUM AND CONFUSED SPECIES. The Asplenium salicifolium of Linneus has been almost uni- versally misidentified. It was founded upon Plumier’s plate 60, rep- resenting a plant described by Plumier with the remark that he had found it at “several places in the French islands of America.” In identifying the Linnean species, then, we should expect to associate this name with no very uncommon plant of the West Indies. To assist us there is a passable figure, somewhat idealized but yet show- ing a plant since many times collected and rarely if ever referred to under its right name—commonly, rather, as Asplenium auriculatum Sw., a name given originally to Brazilian specimens. Ample Brazil- ian material, lacking in American herbaria, might show the true /1. auriculatum to be a different species from the West Indian specimens passing under that name, though this is certainly to be doubted; but in any event these West Indian specimens undoubtedly represent the true Asplenium salicifolium of Linneus, as the following notes are intended to show. 476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAT, HERBARIUM. Asplenium sgalicifolium L, Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753. PLATE LY, At PI. LV is shown a Cuban plant, which is one of a series collected by the writer at Monte Verde, Yateras, Province of Oriente.¢ This will be seen to agree closely with plate 60 of Plumier, particularly in the following characters: (1) The relative length of stipe and lamina; (2) the narrowly ovate frond, only slightly reduced below and terminated by a lobed caudiform segment; (3) the direction, position, and shape of the numerous pinnmw, the number being nearly the same; (4) the type of marginal crenation. In this last character some slight allowance must be made for plate 60, as in the case of many others of the Plumier figures; for the plant to be placed under this name is really less regularly and more deeply crenate, even bicrenate often towards the base of the pinne. The outer portions of the lower pinnie in plate 6O are, however, shown rather more correctly as obliquely serrate-crenate. It is hardly neces- sary to add that the venation and sori shown in plate GO are incorrect for any West Indian species known and will probably remain so. The pinne, too, are rather closer than in any plant seen by the writer. Taking the plate as a whole, nevertheless, it is evident that it is of the species shown at Pl. LV, and nothing points to this more certainly than the shape of the apical portion. The specimen figured in plate 55 measures 69 em. in length: stipe 31 cm.; lamina 388 em. long, 17 to 18 em, broad. The texture is subcoriaceous, The following additional specimens in the U, S. National Herbarium may be cited: Cusa: Farallones of La Perla, north of Jaguey, Yateras, province of Oriente, altitude 540 to 585 meters, Maron 4376. Haiti: Ravines northwest of Marmelade, altitude 663 meters, Vash & Tay- lor 1351. Porto Rico: Barranquitas, Sintenis 2692b; Luquillo Mountains, P. Wil- son 304, JAMAICA: Without locality, Jenman; without locality, er herb. Bot, Dept. Jamaica, DomINica; Laudat, Lloyd 332. FRENADA: Murray & Elliott 24. Mexico: District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Finck 46a, 142. CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta, altitude 750 meters, H. H. Smith 2446, Some of these specimens are submembranaceous in texture: and several have the pinne widely overlapping the rachis at their upper base, as shown by Hooker,® but without free auricles. The Jenman plant has the pinns almost hastate at the superior base. Wright’s no. 848 from Cuba, cited by Hooker under A, auriculatum, is missing in the National Herbarium. In the Sauvalle herbarium at Havana, Cuba, this number is Asplenium abscissum Willd.: and in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden it is a mixture of A. abscissum and a reduced state of A. salicifolium. A sheet of no. S48 in the D. C. Eaton Her- barium, marked as coming from “La Perla, in crevices of rocks,” comprises three plants, viz.: (1) Asplenium abscissum Willd., (2) A, salicifolium (verum), and (3) the reduced form here included under A. salicifolium. Matching this inferior state are two Cuban numbers collected by the writer, viz., 4811 which grew with 4306, and 4875 with 4376. These and certain other specimens from the West Indies and especially from Central America would probably pass @No,. 4306, from humus and well-rotted logs in the humid forest, altitude Wiss about 575 meters, April 30, 1907. oSp. Fil. 3: pl. 171. MAXON-——-STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 477 for A. hastatum Klotzsch, a species which is certainly of the closest allhance, if indeed it should not be merged with A. salicifolium, The typical A, has- tatum, well illustrated by Hooker,“ is seen in Fendler’s 144, Venezuela (herb. Gray), between which and the West Indian A. salicifolium there is almost every intermediate stage. It seems not unlikely that A. salicifolium (verum), A, auriculatum Sw., A. semicordatuwm Raddi, and less certainly A. hastatum Klotzsch are all referable to a single variable polymorphic species, to which must probably be added several “ species” proposed by various writers, for example, the A. bicrenatum of Liebmann, which apparently is but the typical form of A, salicifolium. The following species either are closely related to A. salicifolium or have been confused under that name in the herbarium material examined: Asplenium integerrimum Spreng, Acad, Caes. Leop. Noy, Act. 10: 231. 1821, PLATE LVI, Figure 2. Asplenium salicifolium integerrimum Mett. Abhand. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 145, 1860, The present species was described briefly from Porto Rican specimens, has since been collected in Porto Rico, and probably forms the greater part of Wright’s no. 841 from Cuba. (See footnote under A. rectangulare, following.) It was originally described by Sprengel in these words: A. fronde pinnata, pinnis alternis petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis basi cunea tis, rachi marginata, soris parallelis. In Portoricco ad arborum radices. Bertier. Stipes semiteres, glaber. Frons bipedalis, lanceolata. Pinnae spithameae glaberrimae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, integerrimae, margine subdiaphano. Cum nulla alia specie confundenda. The following more complete description is drawn mainly from a series of specimens collected by the writer in the Yateras region of Oriente (Santiago) Provinee, Cuba, in the heart of the territory so thoroughly botanized by Wright: Fronds few (2 or 3), 75 to 80 cm. long, lax, borne closely. Rhizome short- repent, with a noticeable tuft of long filiform dark brown chaff; stipe 25 to 3¢ em. long, dull brownish stramineous, stout, sulcate in drying; lamina very chartaceous, 50 to 55 cm. long, simply pinnate, ovate, comprising about 8 pairs of narrow-spaced ascending subopposite to alternate pinnie and a large termi- nal segment about the size of the basal pinnre; rachis narrowly alate; pinnze nearly of the same size and outline, the 5 or 6 lower pairs subpetiolate, 15 to 16 em. long, 2.5 to 2.7 cm. broad, the others 2 to 3 cm. shorter, all exactly lanceolate, straight or slightly falcate, attenuate in the outer third, at the base nearly equal, the superior margin cut away to about 40°, the inferior to about 30°, the base thus strongly cuneate; margins absolutely entire throughout, hyaline; sori about 12 pairs to the pinna, equidistant or slightly nearer the midvein, 1.5 to 2 em. long, borne at an angle of about 25° on the anterior branch of the mostly twice or thrice dichotomously forked veins; indusium firm, narrow, 1 min. wide, persistent, recurved and inconspicuous at maturity. A, integerrimum may have a considerable range through the West Indies, It appears not to occur in Jamaica, if one may judge from recent large collec- tions, mainly of ferns, from that island. T'endler’s no. 96 from Trinidad (G, N) may be referred here tentatively, though the narrow spreading pinnie (mainly opposite), the more reduced upper pinnae, and the deeply cleft terminal segment indicate a form possibly distinct. “Sp. Wil. 3: pl. 172. 478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The specimens seen by the writer are as follows :¢ Porto Rico: Near Adjuntas, Sintenis 4881, determined by Kuhn as A, salici- folium. (G) Cuba: Near Monte Verde, Wright 841 (G, 2 sheets: herb. Sauvalle). Yateras district (several localities: Santa Ana, Bella Vista, Monte Verde, La Perla, Las Gracias, ete.), Province of Oriente, altitude 420 to 625 meters, on stumps and tree trunks, Maron 4196, 4228, 4269a, 4327, 4379, 4479, 4494a, (Allin N) Sevilla Estate, in the Sierra Maestra west of Santiago de Cuba, Province of Oriente, altitude 900 meters, Taylor 456. (Y, N) In the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden there is a sheet (prop- erly labeled A, integerrimum) without data, other than that it is of the Bern- hardi herbarium, The perfectly entire margins will distinguish this species at once from all excepting A. neogranatense, to which it must be nearly allied. See under A. neogranatense, Asplenium rectangulare Maxon, sp. nov. Frond 95 em, long; stipe 40 em. long, brownish, from an incomplete short- repent rhizome clothed with lanceolate attenuate brownish iridescent scales about 1.5 em. long; lamina oblong-ovate, 55 em. long, 25 em. broad, comprising about 10 pairs of simple distant horizontal pinne and a similar large terminal segment; lowermost pinnze subopposite, succeeding ones gradually alternate, all but the uppermost petiolate (3 to 4 min.) ; lower and middle pinnze of nearly equal size and form, 14 em, long by 3 cm, broad, falcate, oblong-lanceolate, broadest near the base but of nearly equal width in the basal third, then taper- ing very gradually to a narrow acuminate upeurved apex, at the base decidedly unequal, the upper side exactly rectangular and rounded (not auriculate), the lower cut away in a straight line to an angle of 35° from the midvein: margins of the upper base crenate, of the middle and outer portions of the pinne irregu- larly and inconspicuously shallow crenate-serrate; sori 10 or 11 pairs to the pinna, 16 to 20 mm. long, narrow, nearer the midrib than the margin, borne at an angle slightly less than 30°, slightly curved, continuous on the successive anterior branches of the twice or thrice-forked veins: indusium 1 mm. broad, firm, appearing much narrower when recurved at maturity. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium no. 50359, collected in eastern Cuba by Charles Wright (no. 841 in part), in 1859 or 1860; distributed as A. salici- folium L. Known also from Haiti: Nash & Taylor 1123, from Mount Malauvre, altitude nearly 500 meters, growing on a shaded bank (Y, N). “Tn this as in following papers the herbaria from which specimens are cited will be indicated by letters: E, D. C. Eaton Herbarium at Yale University ; G, Gray Herbarium; M, herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden; N, her- barium of the U. S. National Museum (U. S. National Herbarium); S, her- barium of Capt. John Donnell Smith; Y, combined herbaria at the New York Botanical Garden. >In the Gray Herbarium there are two sheets of no S41, both being A. in- tegerrimum ; and no. 841 in the Sauvalle Herbarium at Havana, Cuba, is the same. The material which should be under this number at the D. C. Eaton Herbarium is not to be found, nor is this number in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. Christ (Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 24: 105. 1897) has listed a specimen of no. 841 as A, vomeriforme Hook. (Sp. Fil. 3: 109. pl. 162, 1860), The plant thus referred may be either A. salicifolinm or A. rectangulare, A. vomeriforme is apparently confiued to Peru and seems quite distinct from either, MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 479 The present species must be closely related to the form regarded by Mettenius as typical A. salicifolium and figured by him,? presumably on a Peruvian plant, collected by Poeppig, this being the only specimen cited by him as of the typi- eal form. Our specimens of A. rectangulare differ in having the pinnz longer- stalked, broader, and with less pronounced marginal serrations. The general form of the pinne is exactly the same. | Asplenium integerrimum and A. kapplerianum, reduced to varietal rank by Mettenius, are here dealt with separately. Asplenium obtusifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1080, 1753.? ? Asplenium repandulum Kunze, Linnea 9: 65. 1834. (Type from Peru.) Asplenium riparium Leibm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 244. 1849. (Type from Mexico.) Not closely related to A, salicifolium, but distributed under that name, is Mosen’s no, 2111 from Caldas, Minas Geraes, Brazil, which must be referred to the polymorphic A. obtusifolium ranging through the West Indies and in larger States from Mexico to Peru and Brazil. That which Hooker considered the most typical form of the species he figured © as A. riparium Liebmann, a name first applied to Mexican specimens; but the plate is drawn, probably, from a Brazilian plant, several of which are cited; none of the Mexican and Central American specimens shews quite the same extreme development, while the: Brazilian specimen above mentioned agrees exactly. The peculiarities of the species in this broader sense are well brought out by Hooker, who places the better known dwarf mainly lobed or laciniate form as the “var. obtusifolium ” of A. riparium, notwithstanding its priority of name. Hooker’s opinion on the specific identity of these widely varying forms is here adopted; reluctantly, however, not only because of the inordinate breadth thus ascribed to the species, but also on account of the manifestly inappropriate name under which the extreme form must rest along with the typical West Indian form to which it is properly applicable. The following specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium: I, WeEsT INDIAN FORM (mainly). Fronds small: pinne usually obtuse, sharply cuneate at the base, sometimes nearly entire.? with sinuate-dentate margins, or more often deeply lobed and irregularly laciniate, with sharply erose- dentate margins. . Porto Rico: Utuado, Sintenis 64438, 6533, GRENADA: Elliott 94, DoMINIcA: Rosalie, Lloyd 698. MONTSERRAT: Turner, TRINIDAD: Fendler 139. CoLoMBIA: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 1126. II. CONTINENTAL FORM. Fronds large (up to 60 em. long): pinn® larger and more numerous, nearly all auriculate and less acutely cuneate at the base, toward the apex acute or (in the Mosen specimen) attenuate, margins sinuate-dentate or irregularly serrate-dentate. (A, riparium Liebm.) Mexico: Vallée de Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Bourgeau 2014 (received as A. repandulum Kunze); District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Finck 35a. ¢ Abhand. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 8: 144. pl 4. f. 14. 1860. t Founded on the West Indian Adiantum alis latioribus of Petiver (Pter. Am. no. 117 pl. 2. f. 14. 1712, incorrectly cited by Linnzeus as f. 4). ¢ Sp. Fil. 3: 119. pl. 169. 4 Hook. & Grev. 2: pl. 239, 1831. 480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. GUATEMALA: Pansamalé, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1140 meters, von Tiirckheim (John Donnell Smith 630);¢ near the Finea Sepacuité, Alta Verapaz, Cook & Griggs 58; wet forest floor between Sepacuité and Secanquim, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,000 meters, Maron & Hay 8263. Costa Rica: without locality, Wercklé (det Christ). BrazIu: Caldas, province of Minas Geraes, M/osen 2111 (two sheets; also in G); near Rio Janeiro, Wilkes erpedition, as A. salicifolium; without definite locality, Glaziow 1771 (listed by Fée? as A. salicifolium). A second specimen from Costa Rica (Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, alti- tude.300 meters, John Donnell Smith GS885) is exactly intermediate between the two types. The Mosen specimens are the most extreme of all, Hooker's notes will be found of interest. Asplenium oligophyllum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 166, 1824. A single specimen under cover of A, salicifolium, in the Gray Herbarium, Fendler’s no. 326, from Tovar, Venezuela, accords well with Kaulfuss’ descrip- tion of A. oligophyllum, and this number is so referred by Hooker in his de- scription of the species. The margins are correctly said to be “ obscurely cre- nate-serrate.” The broad pinnw and numerous sori are characteristic. Two Brazilian species, Asplenium escragnollei Fée® and A. camptocarpuin Iée,? referred here by Christensen, appear from Fée’s excellent illustrations entitled to recognition. The former especially seems very different and to be allied rather to the Colombian A. ocaniense Karst.,° known to the writer from a specimen collected by H, Pittier (no, 708) in the western Cordillera, State of Cauca, Colombia, December, 1905. Asplenium neogranatense Fée, Tme Mém. 47. pl. 14. f. 1. USDA. A species with a few entire pinne, figured by Fée, with no mention of the characters offered by rhizome and chaff. Apparently in its few sori a near ally of A. integerrimum Spreng., but quite remarkable, as noted by Fée, in the great length of the veins which are borne at a very acute angle to the midvein. Asplenium austrobrasiliense (Christ) Maxon. Asplenium salicifolium austrobrasiliense Christ, Denksehr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.—naturw. Klasse 79: 23. pl. d. f. 7. 2. pl. & f. 3. 4. 1906. A peculiar form, well illustrated by Dr. Christ and supposed by him to be common in southern Brazil. It has no near alliance with the true salicifolium, but is apparently allied to A. oligophyllum. From this it is easily distinct, obviously in its more numerous, smaller, and gradually reduced upper pinne which give rise to an enlarged terminal segment (instead of a conform termi- nal pinna), in its fewer more spaced sori, and especially in its bipinnatifid form with corresponding modification in position of sori indicated by Dr. Christ. The original material has not been seen by the writer, to whom it is known only from specimens recently sent by Dr. Rosenstock under no. 296, these from the Serra do Mar, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The form from Apiahy listed by Dr. Christ as true salicifolimm is, judging from description, referable to 4. oligophyllum Kault. @¥First determined as Asplenium auriculatum Sw., subsequently as 4. cultrifolium TL. > Crypt. Vase. Brés. 1: 64. 1869. ¢ Crypt. Vase. Brés. 1: 62. pl. 15, 1869. 4 Crypt. Vase. Brés. 1: 63. pl. 16. f. 1. 1869. e Fl. Col. 1: 1738. pl. 86, 1861. MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 481 Asplenium kapplerianum Kunze, Linnea 21: 216. 1848. The writer has seen no material to be referred to this species; yet it seems desirable to call attention to its status in order that it may be definitely placed by those who have access to the original material. Asplenium kapplerianum was founded by Kunze on specimens collected near Vara by Kappler (no. 1769). The author refers here also specimens from two additional sources, as follows: I. Surinam plants collected by Splitgerber and described® by that writer under the Linnzan name Aspleniuwm salicifolium. Kunze regards Splitger- ber’s description as excellent for his own kapplerianum and compares the Suri- nam plants with what he considers the true salicifolium as previously elaborated Ly him? on the basis of Peruvian plants collected by Poeppig (probably the same form figured by Mettenius as typical of salicifolium). But here Kunze falls into the error of selecting for his ‘“‘salicifolium,” as already pointed out, an obscure plant from Peru; whereas the true salicifolium is a West Indian plant, collected in several localities by Plumier, and, as has been shown, well known from the West Indies under the name A. auriculatum. II. Guiana plants, listed by John Smith ¢ as A, integerrimum, which are not the integerrimum of Sprengel. Asplenium integerrimum and A, kapplerianum were merged by Moore @ who cites many specimens. IT'rom description A kapplerianum certainly appears to be distinct from A, integerrimum and rather closely related to A. salicifolium. Splitgerber’s var. 8 is referred by Kunze ® to Asplenium fale Desv./ which is probably a true synonym of salicifoliiun, In conclusion it may be said that the plant figured by Mettenius as A. salicifolium is probably still without a name, unless it is found to be identical with A. rectangulare here described. A NEW GENUS OF ASPLENIOID FERNS. Holodictyum Maxon, gen. nov.’ PLATE LVI, FIGURE 4. Fronds numerous, densely cespitose upon an erect rhizome, simple, linear- lanceolate, chartaceo-membranaceous, costate; venation wholly areolate, the areoles in about 5 or 6 series on either side of the costa, free included veinlets none; costal areoles elongate, cuneate, nearly parallel to the costa, the others oblique, broader, oblong, mostly hexagonal, gradually much smaller toward the hyaline margin; sori elongate, diverging at a slight angle from the costa, confined to the outer vein of the costal areoles, one to each areole; indusium single, straight or nearly so, firm, persistent, attached along one side. Type, Asplenium ghiesbreghtii Fourn. Holodictvum differs from Asplenium and Diplazium in its pronounced hex- agonal areolation, this accompanied by a complete suppression of lateral @Tijds. Nat. Gesch. 7: 418, 419. 1840. 6 Linnea 9: 64. 1834. ¢Tondon Journ. Bot. 1: 199. 1842. @Ind. Fil. 138. 1859, © Linnea 21: 216. 1848. f Mém. Soc, Linn. Paris 6: 274. 1827. See Mettenius’ description (Abhand. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 145 1860) with reference to Fée’s figure. 9 The name is from Greek édos, whole, and Sé/xruov, a net, referring to the com- plete anastomosis of the veins. 482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. nerves. The sorus is placed uniformly upon the longest (outer) side of the costal areole; otherwise the veins of the whole frond are of equal rank; all are discontinuous in direction, adjoining only at an angle. The venation thus shows some approach to the type of Diplaziopsis; but in that genus, as in Hemidictyum, there are well-developed lateral nerves, lost in a uetwork only toward the margin. Species two: Holodictyum ghiesbreghtii (Fourn.) Maxon. Asplenium ghiesbreghtii Fourn. Mex. Pl. 1: 111. pl. 5. 1872. Described and figured from specimens collected by Ghiesbreght (no. 16) on wet rocks, Barranca de Tlacolula, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1842-48. This number is represented in the U. S. National Herbarium by a portion of a frond. Holodictyum finckii (Baker) Maxon. Asplenium finckii Baker, Ann, Bot. 8: 126, 1894. Described from specimens at Kew, collected in the District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Hugo I‘ inck. Represented in the U. 8. National Herbarium by an incomplete frond recently received from Kew, this showing the areoles to be in five or six series, not in four as described by Mr. Baker. Christensen has suggested that A. finekii, which apparently was founded by Mr. Baker without regard to the earlier A. ghiesbreghtii, may be identical with the latter. To this the writer is at present unwilling to assent. The type of venation in the two type specimens is the same, but the areoles of finckii are actually larger and relatively broader; the sori diverge from the costa at a greater angle and are shorter, those of ghiesbreghtii (according to Fournier) even attaining a maximum length of one inch. Yet we refer to finckii excellent specimens collected from shady situations among rocks in a long deep canyon near G6mez Farias, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, altitude about 850 meters, by Dr. Edward Palmer (no, 336), April, 1907, which differ in their greater size and higher average number of series of areoles and in having the sori rather less divergent from the costa, this last character being in the direction of ghtes- breghtii. Whether the differences noted among the three specimens are no greater than should be accounted variations within a single species can not be determined with certainty from the material at hand; but it seems reasonable, on the strength of the characters mentioned above, to recognize for the present the two species already described. The upper and apical portion of a normal frond of Doctor Palmer’s no, 336 is shown in Pl. LVI, Fig. 4. The rhizome of the plant, though split in half, lengthwise, yet carries fifteen fronds, which must be about half the original number for the living plant. The fronds are about 40 ecm. long and taper very gradually from about their middle to a long attenuate base, being narrowly winged down to the rhizome. THE IDENTITY OF ASPLENIUM RHIZOPHYLLUM L. Three very different elements were merged in Linneus in 1753 under the name Asplenium rhizophyllum.*| The names under which these have usually gone are: (1) Camptosorus rhizophyllus, applied to the fern of the eastern United States, (2) Camptosorus stbiricus, restricted to an Asiatic species, (8) Fadyenia prolifera, for a West @Not to be confused with the second Asplenium rhizophyllum of Linnseus (Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1540, 1763), discussed at page 49U of the present paper. MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 483 Indian plant. The last is, however, an invalid name; and in sub. stituting another, occasion may be taken to indicate the grounds for fixing upon the Virginian plant as the type of Asplenium rhizophy!- fwm in preference to the other two elements originally included by Linneus, At page 1078 of the first edition of the Species Plantarum appears the following: rhizophylla, ASPLENIUM = frondibus cordato-ensiformibus indivisis: apice filiforme radicante. Amoen. acad. 2. p. 337. Phyllitis filicifolia parva saxatilis virginiana per summitates foli- € orm radicosa, Pluk. alm, 154, t. 105. f. 3. Phyllitis non sinuata minor, apice folii radices agente. Sloan. jam, 14. hist. 1. p, Tl. t. 26. f. 1. Phyllitis saxatilis virginiana per summitates foliorum prolifera. Moris, hist. 3. p, 557. s. 14. t=. 1. f. 14. Habitat in Jamaica, Virginia, Canada, Sibiria. ‘Turning to the second volume of the Amoenitates we find the twenty-ninth, by Halen, dated December 22, 1750, comprising pages 332 to 364, to be entitled “ Plantae Camschatcenses Rariores ” and to contain among other things a brief chapter descriptive (at least by citation) of some eleven plants of a recent Kamchatkan collection which are supposed to be identical with species known previously from North America. One of these is mentioned at page 337 as follows: ASPLENIUM frondibus lanceolatis indivisis: apice filiformibus radicantibus. Phyllitis non sinuata minor, apice folii radices agente. Sloan. Flor. 14. Kilicifolia Phyllitis parva saxatilis virginiana per summiitates foliorum radicosa. Pluk. alm, 154. t. 105. f. 3. Phyllitis saxatilis virginiana, per sumiitates foliorum prolifera. Moris. hist. 3, p, 557. s. 14. t. 1. f. 14. Although the plant in hand was from Kamchatka the citations show clearly that the Jamaican plant described and figured by Sloane and the Virginian described and figured by both Plukenet and Morrison were confused with this. The question is merely upon the restricted application of the trivial name rhizophyllum given later by Linneus. The Amoenitates description, “ASPLENIUM frondibus lanceolatis indivisis: apice filiformibus,” though without much doubt drawn to cover the Kamcehatkan plant particularly, must in any event apply either to this or to the Virginian, for the descriptive term “ filiform ” is totally inapplicable to the apices of the Jamaican species. Later, in the Species Plantarum (1753), the specific character (though credited to the Amoenitates) is so altered as to read “ frondibus cordato-ensiformibus * * * 3; apice filiforme * * *,” Thus, to those who know the several species under discussion, it shouldbe apparent at once that the Virginian plant is here especially meant, 26379—08——2 484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, and that it must stand as the type of Asplenium rhizophyllum, for it alone, not only of the two, but of the three species, has a cordate base. There is, moreover, in the Linnean herbarium under the name Asplenium rhizophyllum a plant of Camptosorus rhizophyllus re- ceived from Kalm,! apparently held by Linnaeus to be representative of his “ species.” . The two species of Camptosorus Link, 1835, are: Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 69, 1833. Confined to the United States and Canada: from Maine and southern Quebec south to Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. A form from Iowa has been described as variety intermedius Arthur.? Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr. Beitr. Pfl, Russ. Reich. 3: 45. 1845. Known only from Siberia, China, and Japan. The West Indian plant should be known as: Fadyenia hookeri (Sweet) Maxon. Asplenium proliferum Sw. Prod. 129, 1788, not Lam. 1786. Aspidium proliferum Hook & Grev, Ic, Fil. 1: pl. 96. 1829, not R. Br. 1810. Aspidium hookeri Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 579. 1830, not Wall. 1829, nomen nudum. Polystichum? grevillianum Presl, Tent. Pterid. 52, 1836. Fadyenia prolifera Took. Gen. Fil. pl. 58. B, 1840. Aspidium fadyenii Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. 95. pl. 23. f. 13. 14. 1856. Fadyenia fadyenii C. Chr. Ind, Fil. 319. 1905, In taking up Mettenius’ specific name Christensen has passed by two of earlier date, either of which is available. There appears to be no reason for allowing Wallich’s nomen nudum to invalidate the same name adequately pub- lished by Sweet the following year. But even should this be done, Presl’s name would bave to be taken up. The doubt expressed by Pres] relates merely to the very questionable reference of this plant to the genus Polystichum, a doubt abundantly sustained some four years later by Hooker, who recognized in it a monotypic genus to which he gave the name Fadyenia. Presl’s new specific term was simply a substitute for the homonym of Hooker and Greville and was placed with doubt under Polystichum. F, hookeri is known from Jamaica, Cuba, and Porto Rico, A NEW NAME FOR ANAXETUM. The genus Anaxetum was based by Schott on the single species Polypodium crassifolium L., which was made the subject of an excel- lent illustration. Fée called attention to the unavailability of the name, Anaxeton having been applied previously by Gaertner to a new genus of Compositae, and elevated Presl’s section Pleuridium to generic rank, expressly founding the genus on Polypodium crassi- folium, surely in ignorance of the genus of mosses previously so named by Bridel and since generally adopted. No other name hav- ing been published in the interim the following is proposed: ¢—, C. Eaton in Canadian Naturalist 18: 25. 1870. bJ. Cc. Arthur in Botanical Gazette 8: 200. pl, 3. 1883. MAXON—-STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 485 Pessopteris Underw. & Maxon, nom. nov. Anacetum Schott, Gen, Fil. pl. 7. 1834. Not Anaxeton Gaert. Fruct. 2: 406. pl. 166. f. 10. 1791. Pleuridium Fée, Gen, Fil. 278. 1850-52. Not Pleuridium Bridel, Mant. Muse. 10. 1819, The type and sole species is: Pessopteris crassifolia (L.) Underw. & Maxon. Polypodium crassifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1083. 1753. Anaxretum crassifolium Schott, Gen. Fil. pl. 1, 1834. Pleuridium crassifolium Fée, Gen. Fil. 274, 1850-52. Generally distributed throughout tropical America, and subject to consider- able variation, several forms having been described as distinct species, THE CUBAN SPECIES OF ADIANTOPSIS. Three species of Adiantopsis have been known hitherto from Cuba. These are: Adiantopsis radiata (L.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 145. 1850-5. Adiantum radiatum L. Sp. Pl. 1094. 1758. Not uncommon through tropical America generally. Adiantopsis pedata (Hook.) Moore, Ind. Fil. 18. 1857. Hypolepis pedata Hook, Sp, Fil. 2: 73. pl. 92. A, 1852. Known definitely from Jamaica and Cuba; accredited also to Peru. Adiantopsis paupercula (Kunze) Fée, Gen. Fil. 145. 1850-52. Adiantum pauperculum Kunze, Farnkr. 2: 65. pl. 127. 1850. Known only from Cuba and Jamaica. To these must be added a fourth very different species: Adiantopsis rupicola Maxon, sp. nov. Plant rigid, 50 em. high, fronds several, closely clustered upou an ascending woody rhizome covered with bright brown glossy linear chaff with a dark me- dian line; stipe 20 cm. long, naked, shining, purplish brown: lamina 30 em. long, 10 to 12 em. broad, deltoid-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous except for a few whitish club-shaped glandular hairs on the under surface, bipinnate or, as to mature specimens, subtripinnate in the lower half; pinnze subopposite, for the most part unequally deltoid-lanceolate with subhastate entire apices; basal pinnee about 7 cm. long, 3 cm. broad at base, unequally triangular, the two lowest pairs of pinnules pinnate, the inferior twice as long as the superior; second and third pairs of pinne narrower, of similar but less pronounced basiscopic development, only the basal pair of pinnules again pinnate; succeed- ing pinne pinnate only (except for the pinnatifid basal pinnule), gradually pinnatifid, finally auriculate and entire, the uppermost produced to form the somewhat attenuate apex of the frond; pinnules at right angles+to the sec- ondary rachis, characteristic ones broadly elliptical to ovate, obtuse, somewhat excised at the base below, auriculate; sori numerous, marginal, terminal on the veins; indusia single (or rarely double), spaced about half their width or less, whitish, oblong to subreniform, reflexed at maturity to the plane of the frond. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no. 372124, collected by William Palmer and J. H. Riley (no. 242) in crevices of partially shaded limestone “From Greek veoody, a draughtboard (checkerboard) and mrépis, a kind of fern, in modern use any fern. 486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, cliffs, in mountains near El Guama, Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, March 10, 1900, Two other sheets of no. 242 show the species in less mature states, in which the branching is bipinnate and tripinnatifid only. A. rupicola is by no means closely related to any described species, though it is perhaps to be compared with A. pedata and A, paupercula, In the former species the prolongation of the lowermost pair of pinnie into lateral branches renders the short frond ternate as to its main vascular parts, and the unusual basiscopie development of the basal pinnules of the lateral branches again gives the frond a broad pentagonal form. In A. rupicola, on the other hand, the frond is elongate and the comparatively slight extension of the inferior pinnules of the three or four lowermost pairs of pinne indicates no near relationship to A. pedata. In method of branching A. rupicola is near A. paupercula, but the pinnules differ essentially in shape, being of the type of A. radiata and A. pedata. A NEW GENUS ALLIED TO VITTARIA. The Jamaican plant described by Swartz as Pteris angustifolia, placed under Vittaria by Baker and taken up under this name by Diels, has been recognized by several writers as typifying a distinct genus to which the name Pteropsis has been apphed. There can be no doubt that the species is a very foreign element under Vittaria; but, equally, it ought not to rest under the name Pteropsis. This last was given by Desvaux in 1827 to an odd assemblage of ten species belonging to no fewer than six genera. The first three species are now placed under Drymoglossum Presl (1886), the fourth 1s the plant under consideration, the fifth is Paltonium lanceolatum, the sixth is Vittaria scolopendrina, the seventh and eighth (described as new) are regarded by Christensen as problematical, the ninth and tenth are Mschatogramme furcata. Paltonium Presl dates from 1849; Vittaria J. E. Smith from 1793; Eschatogramme Trev. from 1851. The original diagnosis of Pteropsis reads as follows: “ Sporangia in sorum continuum immersum marginalem disposita. Involucrum nullum. Frondes simplices.” In fixing upon the type for the genus it is not necessary to have recourse to a “ first species rule” in any narrow sense; for, notwithstanding the diversity of types included, the preference of the author seems to be fairly indicated. The first three species are of the same type, being indeed referred by Christen- sen to a single species (Drymoglossum heterophyllum), and by their very position point out the importance they had assumed to the author. Pteropsis thus restricted is, unfortunately, quite synony- mous with Drymoglossum of later date and must prevail for the sev- eral species now associated under the latter name, unless Mirbel’s genus Candolle: “a (1802) is to be f fixed arbitrarily on the same type.* « See Underwood, A review of the genera of ferns proposed prior to 1832, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 6: 247-283, December 1, 1899. MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 487 The following name, given by Professor Underwood and the writer some time ago to a large series of the Pferis angustifolia of Swartz, collected in Jamaica, is here proposed: Ananthacorus Underw. & Maxon, gen. nov.4 Rhizome chaffy, creeping; fronds contiguous, exstipitate, simple, linear, en- tire, costate, the costa concealed; veins of unform rank, all joined in hexagonal (less commonly pentagonal) elongate areoles in 8 or 4 series on each side of and parallel to the costa, without free veins; sori slightly impressed, non-indu- siate, in a continuous or subeontinuous line at the outer edge of the ultimate series of areoles, distant 1.0 to 1.5 mm, from the margin; paraphyses spatulate, flaccid. Type, Pteris angustifolia Sw. Monotypic. Ananthacorus angustifolius (Sw.) Underw. & Maxon. Pteris angustifolia Sw. Prod. 129. 1788. Taenitis angustifolia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 42. 1827. Pteropsis angustifolia Desy. Mém. Soe. Linn, Paris 6: 218. 1827. Vittaria angustifolia Baker, in Mart. Fl. Bras, 1°: 544, 1870. The following specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium: JAMAICA: Mansfield and adjoining properties near Bath, altitude 500 to 500 meters, on tree trunks of humid forested slopes, Maron 17H, 1805, 2392, 2423, 2481, 2446. Vicinity of Troy, altitude 600 to 660 meters, Maxon 2858. Above Moore Town, altitude 450 meters, Clute 272. Near Williamsfield, Fredholm 3352. Cuna Cuna Pass, Fredholm 38216 (as Taenitis lanceolata). Cuspa: Mountains north of San Diego de los Bafos, Province of Pinar del Rio, on forest trees, Palmer & Riley 485, 518, 562. Monte Verde, Yateras, Province of Oriente, altitude 575 meters, on trunk of palm in forest, Maxon 4289; in the same vicinity, Wright 978. “ Posesion de Stark,” near Jaguey, Yateras, Province of Oriente, on tree trunks, altitude 450 to 525 meters, Jaron 4445. Forested slopes of the Finca Las Gracias, Yateras, Province of Oriente, on trunk of manaca palm, altitude about 500 meters, Maron 4465. Alto Cedro, Underwood & Harle 1554. Santo Domanco: Wright, Parry, & Brummell 2A. GRENADA: Elliott GS (as Vittaria remota, det. J. G. Baker). TrinipaD: Fendler 116. Mexico: District of Cordoba, State of Vera Cruz, Finck 116. GUATEMALA: Cubilquitz, Alta Verapaz, altitude 350 meters, von Tiirck- heim (J. D. 8. 8038). Banks of the Rio Polochic, below Panzos, on trunk of palm, Maxon & Hay 3097. PANAMA: Hayes 10, CotomBriA: La Esmerelda, near Jamundi, Cauca Valley, altitude 1,100 meters, Pittier 954. Frencu GurtaNa: Near Cayenne, on tree trunks, Lepricur. 106. Brazit: Matto Grosso, Lindman A. 3453. The relationship of Ananthacorus is with Vittaria, from which it differs radically in its type of venation which is strictly areolate without lateral veins. The details of venation are shown by Pres! (Tent. Pterid. pl. 10. f. 3.), by John Smith (Hist. Fil. pl. 10. f. C.), and by Hooker (Gen. Fil. pl. 77. A.). aThe name is composed of Greek a privative, dvéos, flower, and dxopus, in modern use the sweet flag, the fronds resembling the leaves of that plant. 488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND CHANGES OF NAME. Asplenium conquisitum Underw. & Maxon; Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. IT. 7: 270. 1907. Dr. Christ in some notes (1. ¢) on this species (up to that time unpub- lished) listed recently four of the writer’s numbers from Jamaica and Guate- mala, The first of these, from Jamaica, Maxon 1558, represented in the U. 8. National Herbarium by sheet no. 427829, may be regarded as the type. The species was fully characterized by Jenman® under the name Asplenium rutaceum Mett. In his later studies Jenman recognized the plant as distinct from rutaceum but unfortunately assigned to it in the herbarium a specific hame already preoccupied in this genus, Dr. Christ has indicated the main distinctive characters. The following specimens are in the U. 8. National Herbarium : JAMAICA: Moist woods near the Mabess River, altitude 900 meters, Meron 1558 (type); rocky bank in humid forest, vicinity of Morces Gap, alti- tude 1,500 meters, Maron 2761; between Morces Gap and Vinegar Hill, Underwood 1377. GUATEMALA: Tree trunks in humid forest, on the trail between Sepacuité and Secanquim, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,000 meters, Maxon & Hay 38257; on a stump in humid forest, on the trail from Senabt. to Actala, Alta Verapaz, Maron & Hay 3310. Diplazium oreophilum Underw. & Maxon, nom. nov. Asplenium franconis Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 1: 91, 1894. Not Diplazium franconis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 256. 1849. The type of Diplazium franconis is from Oaxaca, Mexico, As illustrative may be cited the following Guatemalan specimens in the National Herbarium: John Donnell Smith's no. 636, collected at San Pedro Carché, Depart. Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,150 meters, by von Tiirckheim, June, 1885; and Maron & Hay no. 3324, collected in Alta Verapaz, along the trail between Senahti and Actalé, January 17, 1905. These agree closely with the original collection of Liebmann as represented by a fragment in the herbarium of the New York totanical Garden. Compared with these the Jamaican plant is readily seen to be distinet. The fronds are broadly triangular ovate, tripinnate or even quadripinnatifid, the pinnze ordinarily 20 to 25 cm. long ¥ and 10 to 13 em. broad, the pinnules 6 to 7 cm. long, lanceolate, stipitate (0.5 em. in the largest), acuminate. The larger pinnules comprise about 8 pairs of oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse segments, of which the lowermost are free, deeply lobed and almost comparable to the pin- nules of the much simpler D. franconis. The contrast with D. franconis in size, form, and degree of subdivision is too pronounced to require more detailed comparison. : D, oreophilum is not infrequent in humid depressions nearly up to 900 meters in the Blue mountains of Jamaica and is oftenest met with in a sterile condition. Ordinarily it is found fertile only in the vicinity of forest openings, and in such ‘ases there is to be noted a marked dimorphic tendency, the sori (if present at all) being borne very closely and in great profusion, with a corresponding reduction of leaf tissue. It is apparently confined to Jamaica. Jenman’s speci- mens (the types) are at the New York Botanical Garden. The following are in the National Herbarium: Macon 1178, 2483, 2376: Clute 276; Moore; and one from the Botanical Department of Jamaica. “Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica 11. 1:62. 1894, ® According to Jenman even 35 cm, long, MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 489 Dryopteris oligophylla Maxon, nom. noy. Polypodium invisum Sw. Prod. 138. 1788, not Forst. 1786. Nephrodium sloanei Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 2638. 1874, not Pres], 1825. Dryopteris sloanei Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 2: 8138, 1891. Nephrodium invisum Desy. Mém. Soc. Linn, Paris 6: 257, 1827. The above synonymy, if complete as to specific names, indicates the need of a new name for this common tropical American fern. Swartz followed his brief but excellent first description with a reference to Sloane’s plate 51, illustrating a Jamaican specimen, This is unmistakably the plant known of late years as Dryopteris (or Nephrodium) sloanei and best described by Jenman.?. Why Christensen should have relegated it to subspecific rank and that under Dryopteris patens is not clear; for its specific distinctness is evident, and in any case the alliance is with Dryopteris serra, as Jenman pointed out. The lat- ter’s remarks on its occurrence in Jamaica are otherwise of interest: ‘ Common among the lower hills and widely spread through the country, ascending to 5,500 ft. altitude, on banks and other open places. A very fine species, the fronds however not erect but arching from the base outwards. A much wider- pinnaed plant than ‘Serra, to which it is closely allied. The texture is rather thin but hard, becoming rigid when dry. The rootstock is very wide-creeping under the surface of the ground, with the stipites scattered along it. Frequently the fructification does not reach the outer of the pinne.” The following collections are in the National Herbarium: JAMAICA: Elevations mainly of G00 meters or less, Maron 995, 1008, 1777, 1781, 1859, 1935, 1991, 2379, 2527, 2823; Underwood 104, 3249, 3801; Clute 131; Harris 8962; Jenman. CuBa: Wright 3922; Maron 3920. Porro Rico: Heller 6345; Underwood & Griggs 75, 762; Sintenis 2636, St. Kirrs: Britton & Cowell 483. Haiti: Picarda 10380. Costa Rica: J. D. Smith 6901; Pittier 20964; Wercklé (as Aspidium macrourum), CotomsBiA: H. H. Smith 2454. Nephrodium paucijugum Jenman is referred to by Jenman (1. ¢.) as possibly a young state of the present species. Under this name in the Jenman herbarium at the New York Botanical Garden are two immature sterile plants on separate sheets. One of these, with creeping rhizome and serrate segments, agrees well with the original description of paucijugum and is undoubtedly the type; it is too young to refer with certainty to any described species, but it is positively not sloanei (i. e. oligophylla). The second is a different species, with entire segments and long-attenuate pinnie; it also is young, but apparently a young state of sloanei (i. e. oligophylla). Jenman’s erroneous association of this sec- ond specimen with his type of paucijugum explains satisfactorily his later sug- gestion that paucijugum might be a young state of sloanet. Nephrodium paucijugum itself, properly restricted to the original, must for the present be kept among the species inquirendae. Dryopteris pyramidata (Fée) Maxon. Goniopteris pyramidata Fée, 11me Mém. 61. pl. 16. f. 2. 1866. This little known species was founded on a plant collected in Gaudeloupe by L’Herminier in 1861. No. 50240 in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected in Santo Domingo by Wright, Parry, and Brummel (no. 12) in 1871 is apparently the same. It is a true Dryopteris (§ Eudryopteris of Christensen) and is by @ Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II, 3: 164, 165. 1896. 490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM TIIF NATIONAL HERBARIUM, no means to be confused with any form of D. tetragona, which is of the section xoniopteris. Fée’s detail figure almost certainly represents one of the lower- most pinne, probably the lowest or next to the lowest; at least in the specimen at hand only the two or three lowermost pairs of pinne are contracted at the base, as shown in the figure. See under D. johnstoni, page 498, and under D. latiuscula, page 498, Dryopteris radicans (L.) Maxon. Asplenium radicans L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1828. 1759, Asplenium rhizophyllum L, Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1540, 1763. Not Asplenium rhizo- phyllum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1078, 1753; Sp. Pl, ed. 2. 1586. 1763. Asplenium rhizophorum L. Gen. Fil, ed. 6. (emendation, at end). 1764. Polypodium repens Sw. Prod, 132, 1788. Not Sw. Prod. 130, 1788, which is Campyloneurum repens, Polypodium reptans Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 27: 1309, 1791. Goniopteris reptans Presl, Tent. Pterid. 182. 1836. Phegopteris reptans D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 101. 1883. Nephrodium reptans Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. 14: 168, 1899, Dryopteris reptans C. Chr, Ind. Fil. 288. 1905. The Asplenium radicans of Linnweus (1759) was founded directly upon Sloane’s plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1, representing Jamaican plants, and upon Plukenet’s plate 253, figure 4. . The Asplenium rhizophyllum published in the second edition of the Species Plantarum (page 1540) was founded on the identical plates cited under Asplenium radicans, with the addition of a reference to Browne's “A splenium simpler minus reficctens, ete.,” this in turn having been established partly (or perhaps wholly) on the Sloane and Plukenet figures cited under radicans and rhizophyllum, Asplenium rhizophorum L., 1764, is merely a change of name for rhizophyllum of the second edition, page 1540; not rhizophyllum of the first edition, page 1078, and of the second edition, page 1536, which is Camptosorus rhizophyllus. The three names are thus identical in application, having to do with the same plates; and the earliest is radicans, 1759. The plates cited represent a species of Dryopteris,x—a common and well known tropical American fern usually called Dryopteris (or Nephrodium) reptans, ‘The figures are unmistakable, Sloane’s plate 29 in particular repre- senting a characteristic form of the typical Jamaican plant. Sloane's descrip- tion is not less distinctive. Notwithstanding this, later writers have apparently without exception sub- stituted under one or another of the Linnean names (usually rhizgophorum) a plant of another genus, namely a true Asplenium with glossy stiff purplish brown stipes and rachis, a plant like the original only in its wide range of variation and in having a radicant tip. Swartz, in his Observationes Bo- tanicae,* seems to have been responsible for formally introducing or at least sanctioning this substitution, by noting (under A, rhizophorum) that Sloane’s plate 30, figure 1, should be referred to his own Polypodium repens which had been published in 1788, founded on this same plate 30, figure 1, and Plukenet’s plate 253, figure 4. “Asplenium rhizophorum” was held by him to be bipin- nate, in mature plants, a character here introduced for the first time. Because of his P. repens of page 130 (1788) (this is Camplyoneurum repens) the P, repens of page 132 becomes P. reptans in the Synopsis Filicum (1806), a name given first by Gmelin (1791) who cited Sloane’s plate 30, figure 1; and «Page 399, 1791. MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 49] under this last name Swartz cites both plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1,¢ the prototypes of the Linnean Aspleniwm radicans, 1759. By 1806, then, the transfer of the Jamaican plants from the several Lin- nean names under Asplenium had become complete. The confusion could have been avoided by a slight regard for the Linnean citations. Sloane’s long description?’ is well worth perusal. His specimens in the herbarium of the British Museum were determined as Polypodium reptans by Jenman¢ who cites plate 29 and plate 30, figure 1, adding, ‘“ Sloane well describes the great variation of form in this species, and says that he had ‘not seen in any Plant so great sporting of nature.’ ” If there is the slightest evidence that any true Asplenium formed a part of the original Asplenium radicans L., 1759, A. rhizophyllum L., p. 1540, 1763, or A. rhizophorum L., 1764, it is unknown to the writer. The Asplenium commonly listed under these names (usually under the last) ranges from simply pinnate to tripinnate and appears to have first received a tenable name at the hands of Richard as Asplenium cirrhatum,¢ on specimens from Gaudeloupe. These were simply pinnate. Between this state and the most compound there is every intermediate stage, as shown alone by the Jamaican series in the U. S. National Herbarium. The figures given by Hooker show some of these,® but all of Hooker’s synonyms are not to be credited. A. cirrhatum is especially common in the West Indies and occurs less frequently on the continent. In its various forms it has received many names; several of these have recently been reap- plied by Urban. Dryopteris serrulata (Sw.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. 292. 1905. Polypodium serrulatum Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot, 1800°: 25. 1801, not Mett. 1856. Polypodium asplenioides Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800*: 26. 1801, ? Polypodium lunanianum Hew. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 2: 460. 1838, Nephrodium serrulatum Jenman, Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica IT. 3: 189. 1896. The three names here involved were all given originally to Jamaican plants. Polypodium serrulatum Sw. was founded upon Sloane’s plate 43, figure 1, representing a plant of which Sloane says: “It grows on Mount Diablo, near Archers Ridge, and other inland woody parts of the Island.” Polypodium asplenioides Sw. was founded on Sloane's plate 438, figure 2, this showing a plant upon which Sloane comments at length, in part as follows: “This is in everything the same as the former, only, although as high, yet ‘tis in everything lesser, the Pinnac a little more frequent, shorter and narrower by much than that immediately preceding, being not over half an Inch broad at Base where broadest, ending in a point. And in this, which seems to be quite different from the former, there are some varieties, It grew with the former.” “Also Plukenet, pl. 286, fig. 2, which had been cited by Poiret (Encyc. 5: 530. 1804) under Polypodium radicans. VPoiret’s use of the term radicans is apparently independent of Linnzeus, 1759; and Polypodium radicans Poiret is a doubtful synonym of Dryopteris radicans, The Polypodium rhizophyllum Sw. cited by him as a doubtful synonym is, of course, Polystichum rhizo- phyllum (Sw.) Presl. > Page TT. ¢ Journ. Bot. 24: 34. 1886. ¢ Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 321. 1810. € Sp. Fil. 3: pl. 187. 1860, as A. rhizophorum. f Symb. Antill. 4: 35. 1903. 492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL ITERBARIUM, In the early part of May, 1908, and again during the latter part of the same month in 1904, the writer spent several days in the vicinity of Mount Diablo, on both oceasions staying at Hollymount (altitude about 750 meters) by kind permission of the owner of this beautiful estate, W. P. Purdon, Esq., of Kings- ton. Among the extensive collections made there is a series of ‘specimens including the connecting forms between the extremes shown by Sloane in the two figures cited above; having regard for which there is no alternative but to combine all under a single name. This is the conclusion at which Jenman arrived in his later work, and he published a good description of the species in this broad sense in 1896 under the name Nephrodiun serrulatum Jenm. (1. c.). Oddly enough, however, he yet made use of the Swartzian name asplenioides for quite a foreign group of plants, describing © under the name Nephrodium asplenioides Baker several different forms, of which at least a part are associable with Dryopteris radicans (Iu.) Maxon of the present paper (p. 490). That Jenman should follow Baker in misapplying the name asplenioides is rather remarkable, in view of his having examined Sloane's specimens in the British Museum ¥ and his having drawn a proper diagnosis of the species under the name Nephrodium serrulatum Jenm. (1. ¢.), which description certainly includes the original asplenioides of Swartz. 7 The reference of Polypodium lunanianwn Weward to D. serrulata is, from description, doubtful. The true D. serrulata is apparently confined to Jamaica, The following specimens, showing a very wide degree of variation, as described by Jenman, are in the U. 8S, National Herbarium: JAMAICA: Vicinity of Hollymount, Mount Diablo, altitude about 750 meters, Maxon 1878, 1890, 1898, 1908, 1928, 1925, 1952; Underwood 1890. Hartford and adjoining properties, near Priestmans River, altitude 75 to 300 meters, Maron 2514. Vicinity of Mandeville, Maron 2571, Goniophlebium ampliatum Maxon, nom. nov. Polypodium gladiatum Kunze, Linnea 9: 45. 1834, not Vell, 1827, It has been customary to refer P. gladiatwn Kunze, founded upon specimens collected in the interior of Cuba by Poeppig, to Polypodium (Goniophlebium) attenuatum H. & B., 1810, the latter a rather uncommon species described originally from plants collected in Venezuela and Brazil with mention of Sehkuhr’s plate 14, representing Guiana specimens. The Cuban plant, how- ever, seems to differ constantly in the shape of the pinne, these very long attenuate and falcate, narrowed at the base and even subpetiolate, the lower and middle ones essentially free and only the uppermost adnate or slightly decurrent, and in the more numerous deeply impressed or pustulate sori com- monly borne in four rows. The margins also are conspicuously undulate, especially in the fertile fronds. The following specimens, which agree with a portion of the type collection in the herbarium of the New York Botanical yarden, show no more than a normal amount of variation. CUBA: PROVINCE OF ORIENTE: Near Monte Verde, Wright S04, Maron 4801; Santa Ana, 6 miles north of Jaguey, Jaron 4133, 4207; vicinity of Baracoa, Pollard, Palmer, & Palmer G64, “Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica II. 3: 211, 212. 1896. >The Sloane specimens were reported on by Jenman in 1886 (Journ. Bot. 24: 36). At that time he was inclined to regard the two extreme forms as possibly representing two distinct species; from this position he later receded, as stated. MAXON—-STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 493 PROVINCE OF PINAR DEL Itio: Near Pinar del Rio, Palmer & Riley 41, 83; Shafer 388: in mountains north of San Diego de los Banos, Palmer & Riley 510, 571; Los Palacios, Van Hermann 3291. PROVINCE OF MATANZAS: Vicinity of Madruga, Britton, Britton Shafer 695, ISLE oF Pines: A, A. Vaylor 9, JAMAICA: Mount Hermon, near Chepstow, IJoore. Phymatodes nematorhizon (I). (. Eaton) Underw. in herb, Polypodium nematorhizon D.C, Eaton, Bot. Gaz, 3: 90, 1878. This rare species, founded on Fendler’s no. 73, from Trinidad, and known hitherto only from that island, has recently been collected on the island of Margarita, Venezuela, by Mr. J. R. Johnston (no. 147) at an altitude of 500 meters. ‘The specimens, which agree perfectly with the types, were distributed as Polypodium lanceolatum lL. Polypodium kalbreyeri Baker, Timebri I], 5: 215. 1886: Trans. Linn. Soc. II. Bot. 2: 291, 1887, Polypodium longipes Foe, Crypt. Vase. I Link, 1850. Polypodium transiens Lindi. Ark. Bot. 1: 235. pl. 11. f. 7. 1903. yes The type of Iée's P, longipes was from Brazil (Glaziou 4414). Dr. Lindman ome refers here also Mosen’s no, 3535, redescribing the species under a new name we ~ fanny WA : Lt “ ~ = =~ . = & ~—, oO. IST2-73, not Voy (P. transiens) supposed to be necessary on account of Fée’s homonyn. Guiana specimens in the Jenman herbarium at New York, however, show that Baker's P, kalbreyeri, founded in the interim on specimens from Guiana and New Granada, is the same, Dr. Christ has reported ® the species recently from Costa Rica on one of Wercklé@’s specimens without definite locality, and the following specimen col- lected by the writer also agrees perfectly with the South American material: On tree trunks, vicinity of La Palma, Costa Rica, altitude 1450-1550 meters, May 1906, Maxon 466, Polystichum solitarium (Maxon) Underw, in herb. Polystichum munitum solitarium Maxon, Fern Bull. 11: 39, 1903. Professor Underwood was strongly of the opinion that this form from Guadelupe Island off the coast of Lower California is worthy of specific rank, on the strength of the characters pointed out in the original description, No additional specimens have been seen and the species is apparently confined to Guadelupe Island. It is allied also to P. faleinelum of Madeira, Tectaria martinicensis (Spreng.) Maxon. Aspidinm martiniccnse Spreng, Anieit. Kennt, Gewiichse ed. 1. 3: 153. 1804. Aspidium macrophyllum Sw. Syn. Fil. 43, 289, 1806, Sagenia macrophylla Moore, Ind. Wil. xxxvi. 1857. Nephrodium macrophulliim Baker, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil, 500. 1867. Common in the West Indies; apparently less so in Central and South America, Sprengel cites Plumier’s excellent plate 145 as does also Swartz, who accredits the name to * Rudolphi, Bemerk. e¢ Reise 2 p. 103. (Note)”, a work unknown to the writer. “Bull. Terb. Boiss. TL. 4: 1103. 1904, as 2. longipes, 494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Tectaria plantaginea (Jacq.) Maxon. Polypodium plantagineum Jacq, Coll, Bot, 2: 104, pl. 3. fe f 178s. Aspidium plantagineum Griseb, Abb. kon, Gesell. Wiss, Gott, 7: 286. 1857. Dryomenis plantaginca J, Sm. Bot. Voy. Herald 220, ISDA, Podopeltis plantaginea Fee, Gen, Fil. 9. 1850-52. Bathmium plantaginewm Fourn. Bull. Soc. Bot, France 19: 254, 1872. Appears to differ from the more typical species of Tectaria only in its simple fronds. ‘There are several well marked forms which possibly deserve to rank as distinct species, Tectaria purdiaei (Jenman) Maxon, Aspidium purdiact Jeuman, Gard, Chron, HT, 22: 282. 1807. Nephrodium sherringiac Jenman, Journ, Bot. 25: 99. ISST. Not Nephrodium sherringii Jenman, 1879. Aspidium psammisorum C, Chr. Tnd, Fil. 89. 1905. No this species may be referred Miller and Johnston's no. 158 and John- ston’s no. 173, both from Margarita Island, Venezuela, The relationship is clearly with Teetaria martinicensis, The types of both Aspiditun purdiaci and Nephrodium sherringiae were from Trinidad, A. psanmuinisorune was proposed asa change of name for the latter. NEW SPECIES IN SEVERAL GENERA. 9 Asplenium sarcodes Maxon, sp. nov. PLATE LVI, FIGURE 5, Fronds numerous, 12 to 15, borne in a perfect crown; rhizome (mostly sub- terrane) succulent, erect, 10 cm. and more high (incemplete), about 5 cm. in diameter, at the exposed apex very thickly clothed with narrowly trian- gular long-attenuate slightly lustrous ‘mummy brown” scales, S to 10 mm. long, the margins entire or by rupture slightly lacerate: stipe stout, 20 em. long, suleate and dark greenish brown in drying, toward the base beset with very narrow brownish scales; Jamina oblong, 40 cm. long, at the middle 15 to 16 em. broad, somewhat reduced below: rachis similar to the stipe but narrowly alate, flattened (in drying): pinnse coriaceous (carnose in the living plant), opaque, about 14 pairs, opposite or subopposite, the lowermost pair borne at an angle of about 45° and distant 5 em, from the second, middle ones divergent at a greater angle and about 2 cm, apart, upper ones gradually smaller but not greatly reduced, giving rise abruptly to a petiolate terminal] pinna of similar form; characteristic middle pinnie 9 em. long, 1.8) em. broad, nearly straight (sometimes either falcate or slightly decurved), lanceo- late, petiolate, at the base unequal, rounded truncate on the superior side, deeply excised below, the margins lightly, irregularly, and obliquely crenate, more deeply crenate-serrate toward the acute apex: under surface (as well as the rachis) sparsely covered with deciduous tortuose skeleton-like dark brown seales, these filiform from a broad substellate base; veins concealed, emerging at an angle of about 45°, curved, the basal ones 2 or 3 times forked, the others mostly once forked; sori about 16 to IS pairs, nearer the costa than the margin, borne on the anterior branch at or near its point of origin; indusia firm, whitish, broadly elliptical, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.75 mm, broad; sporangia cinnamon-brown, long-pedicellate, naked. Type in the U, S. National Herbarium, no. 523133, collected at edge of rocky forest near the summit of the Farallones of a Perla, north of Jaguey, Yateras, province of Oriente, Cuba, altitude about 585 meters, by William Rh. Maxon (no, 4590), May 2, 1907. The folowing additional specimens may be cited: Cuspa: Near Monte Verde, January to July, 1859, Wright S45 (E): * Summit of Nimanima, on rocks,” 1856-1857, Wright S45 (I); without MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS, 495 definite locality, Wright S45 (Y); fragment, Wright 845 (N).* Santa Ana, about 6 miles north of Jaguey, Yateras, province of Oriente, alti- tude 600 to 625 meters, Maron 4195. Near summit of Gran Piedra, province of Oriente, altitude about 1.150 meters, Macon 4051. Porto Rico: Yauco, 1880, Garber 96 (E).® Linden’s no, 1887, from Cuba, and Sintenis’ nos, 2692, 4234b, and 6459, from Porto Rico, cited by Hooker and by Urban, respectively, as A, anisophyllum, probably belong here; as does also Linden’s 1890 cited by Fée¢ under this name, without comment, along with Linden’s 1887, A. sarcodes is allied to A. anisophyllum Kunze? and A, sanguinolentum Kunze, the former an African species, the latter South American. A. anis- ophyllum, as shown by two complete specimens out of the series at hand, has the rhizome erect (as in A. sarcodes), not creeping, as redescribed by Mettenius ©, whose description is otherwise excellent. It differs from A. sar- codes in its firm light-colored subterete stipe and rachis (these could hardly have been carnose, as in A. sarcodes), in its delicate membranous texture and apparent venation, and in having the margins deeply serrate (instead of lightly crenate). The fronds are considerably larger and terminate much less abruptly than in A, sarcodes; they are also sometimes proliferous, A. sanguinolentum Kunze,’ in the typical form figured by Mettenius,f is known to the writer only from Regnell’s III 1468, from Caldas, province of Minas Geraes, Brazil (N). H. H. Smith’s no. 1128 from Santa Marta, Colom- bia, altitude about 1,650 meters (N) is similar to this in delicate texture and marginal serration, but has the superior base of the pinne less auriculate and scarcely excised at the inner margin. Both specimens have the rachis dark and compressed, as in A. sarcodes. They approach A. sarcodes only through Wright’s Monte Verde specimen, which is the most extreme of those cited under sarcodes and which has the pinne of more delicate texture and more deeply crenate-serrate than the others. None of the Cuban and Porto Rican plants have the pinne auriculate or even subauriculate or excised at the inher margin, A. sarcodes is thus nearest related to the continental A. singuinolentum, deing distinguished ordinarily by its very coriaceous texture, by having the pinne rounded-truncate at the superior base (even slightly overlapping the ‘rachis in some specimens), by its lightly crenate margins, and by its concealed venation. Cheilanthes aemula Maxon, sp. nov. Fronds about 50 em. high, clustered: rhizome short-creeping, thickly cov- ered with narrow ferruginous chaff; stipe 22 to 25 cm. long, stout (2 to 2.5 mm. thick), more or less flexuose, blackish or dark purplish brown, rigid, terete; lamina subcoriaceous, 30 to 35 cm. long, 20 to 22 em. broad at base, broadly triangular, very deeply quadripinnatifid below, otherwise tripinnate nearly throughout; primary rachis similar to the stipe, its upper surface and that of the secondary rachis covered with a scurfy jointed pubescence; “Wright 845 was reported first by Eaton (Am. Journ. Sci. Il. 27: 199. 1859 ) as “Asplenium, salicifolio, L. affine,” subsequently (Mem. Am. Acad. II. 8: 205. 1860) as A. anisophyllum Kunze. It is cited under the last name by Hooker (Sp. Fil 3:112, 1860). »Listec by Urban (Symb. Antill. 4: 35, 1908) as A. anisophyllum Kunze. ° Hist. Foug, Antill. 34. 1866, 4 Linnea 10: 511. 1886. * Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell, 3:148. pl. 4. f. 12. 1860. ‘Kunze; Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 3: 142. pl. 4. f. 10. 1860. 496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. pinnee 12 to 14 pairs, the lowermost nearly or quite opposite and distant, middle ones ovate, approximate and mostly alternate, apex of the frond short: basal pinne very unequally and broadly triangular, 11 to 13 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. broad at base, the first inferior pinnule 4 to 4.5 cm. long and 2 to 3 em. distant from the main rachis, the first superior pinnule 1.5 to 2 em. long and 1 to 1.75 em, distant from the main rachis; pinnules triangular-ovate, those of the lowermost pairs of pinnre relatively narrower with 6 to 9 pairs of approximate narrowly ovate pinnulz and a subentire acute terminal segment, only the 3 or 4 larger pairs of pinnule of the lower pinnules again pinnatifid into small ovate segments; under surface glabrate, with a few yellowish hairs; sori confluent, continuous or occasionally interrupted by a shallow inden- tation; indusia narrow, membranous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 572224, this being one of several sheets of Dr. Edward Palmer’s no. 187, collected at Victoria, State of Tamauli- pas, Mexico, in a river canyon, under overhanging rocks, altitude about 320 meters, February 1 to April 9, 1907. Doctor Palmer’s no. 563 and no. 564 with identical data are the same. Young semifertile or sterile plants differ in having the fronds almost ternate or subpentagonal, and the final segments obtuse or even rounded; in the last particular considerable variation is to be noted also in mature specimens. Cheilanthes aemula is allied to C, microphylla, with which indeed it grew at the type locality ; but from that species it differs notably in its broadly triangu- lar fronds and far greater subdivision. Additional specimens to be referred here are, as represented in the National Herbarium, Dr. C. G. Pringle’s 1988 (distributed as C. microphylla), from shaded banks near Monterey, State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico, June 20, 1888: and Doctor Palmer’s no. 1418 of his 1880 collection from some part of Coahuila or Nuevo Leon. Cheilanthes peninsularis Maxon, sp. nov. Plant 15 to 17 cm. high, the fronds borne closely; rhizome short-creeping, branching, with compact covering of minute acicular brownish-striped scales, those of the growing point tawny and long-attenuate; stipe 7 to 10 em. long, very slender (about 5 mm. in diameter), dark purplish brown, sparsely cov- ered with very slender (mostly filiform) tortuose shrunken yellowish brown scales, mostly appressed and inconspicuous; lamina 6 to 8.5 em. long, 4 to 5 em. broad, narrowly ovate, clear bright green, deeply tripinnatifid, membranaceous ; primary and secondary rachises bearing chaff similar in texture and color to that of the stipe but mostly broader, especially that of the secondary rachis which is linear-lanceolate, attenuate, tapering from the base, more or less erose; pinnae about 6 pairs, the lowermost subopposite, with lower basal pin- nules somewhat produced, 3 to 3.7 em. long, subtriangular-ovate, 2 to 2.5 em. distant from the next pair above, these oblong-ovate; the remaining pinnae spaced, not overlapping, alternate; in general, the larger pinnie deeply bi- pinnatifid, with about 6 pairs of spaced alternate oblong-ovate pinnules, these obliquely and deeply divided into 4 or 5 pairs of alternate ligulate-cuneate lobes connected by a flexuose wing of nearly equal width, the larger lobes again once or several times cleft toward the apex; sori terminal on the solitary veins of the ultimate lobes; indusia formed by the slightly modified inflexed margins. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 897942, collected by T. 8S. Bran- degee in the Cape region of Lower California, Mexico, November, 1902. There are in addition two sheets from San José del Cabo, that is to say, the same region, also collected by Mr. Brandegee, September 10, 1890. All were dis- MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 497 tributed as Cheilanthes pringlei, a nearly allied species described originally from Arizona and since found to range into northwestern Mexico. From C. pringlei, however, the new species may be distinguished by the following obvi- ous characters: (1) The slender purplish brown stipes, with fewer narrower scales (not stout reddish brown stipes with copious chaff), (2) fronds narrowly ovate (not short, triangular or deltoid-ovate), (3) pinnse spaced (not close- set and overlapping), (4) primary and secondary rachises with sparse narrow yellowish brown scales (not with very numerous broad whitish scales extending thickly even to the vascular parts of the pinnules and commonly obscuring the under surface). The last character is in itself sufficient to indicate the distinctness of C. peninsularis, though the difference in shape of fronds is almost equally pronounced. Diplazium delitescens Maxon, sp. nov, PLATE LVI, Ficure 1. Rhizome creeping horizontally, 2.5 cm. long (incomplete), about 3 mm. in diameter, covered thickly with distichous stipe-bases; scales of rhizome per- haps somewhat abraded, inconspicuous, minute, very dark, coarsely reticulated, brittle, elongate-triangular, acuminate, closely appressed; fronds borne singly, distichous by succession, 48 cm. long, arcuate; stipe 21.5 cm. long, at the base thickly clothed with brownish Janose hairs intermixed with a few scales like those of the rhizome, conspicuously flattened laterally, the anterior face con- cave, the posterior convex, thus in section narrowly hippocrepiform, vascular bundles two; lamina 21.5 cm. long, about 20 em. broad at the base, broadly deltoid-ovate; pinnze about 7 pairs, firm, membranaceous, the lowermost the largest, subopposite, 11 cm. long, 2 em. broad, short-petiolate, patent, attenuate, succeeding pinnie slightly smaller, ascending, adnate, the uppermost 1 or 2 pairs abruptly reduced, rounded or even retuse at the apex, giving rise to a sub- hastate, caudate terminal segment (about S em. long), this shallowly lobed below, toward the apex obliquely serrate; characteristic pinnz lanceolate, straight or slightly faleate, broadest near or below the middle, attenuate (casually elongate), at the base unequally cuneate-truncate (below narrowly cuneate, above subtruncate), the inner margin straight and nearly parallel to the rachis, subauriculate, margins elsewhere regularly curvescent-serrate; mid- veins prominent nearly throughout on the lower side, the veins mostly apparent, 3 or 4 times forked; sori clongate, 7 to 9 mm. long, narrow, slightly curved, uniserial, nearer the midvein than the margin, borne on the first anterior (simple) branch; indusia narrow, firm. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 403261, collected in the vicinity of San Luis, Province of Oriente, Cuba, by Charles L. Pollard and William *almer (no. 848), February, 1902. To be referred here also are the following: Honpuras: San Pedro Sula, Department of Santa Barbara, altitude 800 meters, C. Thieme (distributed by John Donnell Smith, under no. 5675, as Asplenium cultrifolium)., (CN) PANAMA: S. ffayes 57. (N) A most distinct species, especially remarkable for its peculiar marginal cutting which is best described as curvescent-serrate, a term used recently by Professor Burgess. ‘The form of the pinnze also is uncommonly characteristic and quite unlike that of any of the smaller American species of Diplazium. The type specimen shows only an occasional diplazioid sorus; but the Hon- duras specimen cited has the sori more numerous, freely diplazioid, and ex- tending rather closer to the margin. A. cultrifolium I., which Christensen is probably correct in considering a Diplazium, was founded on Plumier’s plate 59, supposed to represent a plant 498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. from Martinique. It is, on this basis, a species unknown to the writer and is perhaps still to be rediscovered. Dryopteris johnstoni Maxon, sp. nov. Fronds few, S80 to 90 em. long, borne closely from a slender creeping woody rhizome 5 to 7 mm. thick bearing a few stout cordlike roots about 1 mm. in diameter; stipes 55 to 60 em. long, in color dull yellowish, somewhat polished beneath a minute inconspicuous stellate pubescence, quadrangular and deeply sulcate in drying, bearing at the base a few yellowish brown, ovate or oblong- ovate scales which are noticeably stellate-pubescent: lamina glabrate, broadly deltoid, 27.5 to 29 em. long, 20 to 24 cm. broad, 10 to 12-jugate, decreasing rather abruptly toward the apex into a narrow elongate terminal cauda 9 to 11 em. long, deeply pinnatifid below, the apex entire; rachis relatively slight, subflexuose; pinnz opposite or very nearly so, subcoriaceous, sessile, linear- lanceolate, caudate, the midvein elevated, especially below, with a few short minute simple hairs, veins apparent; the lowermost pinnie 11 to 14 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.2 em. broad, strongly deflexed, greatly reduced at the base (particularly on the lower side), broadest in the middle, uniformly lobed one-half the dis- tance to the rachis or slightly more, the apex long-attenuate, entire, the lobes close, about 20 pairs, slightly oblique, subfalcate, rounded, those of the lower side largest (4.5 mm. broad), with 9 or 10 pairs of simple veinlets of which commonly only the two lowermost pairs extend to the sinus; succeeding pinne similar, differing mainly in the smaller size, shallower lobes and less reduced bases of the pinne, the middle and upper pinne being broadest at the base and decidedly faleate toward the extremity; sori of the larger (inferior) lobes about 9 pairs, relatively large, medial or nearly so; indusia firm, reddish, even- tually deciduous, bearing numerous simple whitish hairs mostly at the margin. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 53820138; collected at an altitude of 450 meters on the Juan Griego trail, Island of Margarita, Venezuela, July 22, 1903, by J. R. Johnston (no. 192). Known also from Trinidad, as shown by a specimen from the Jenman her- barium (U. 8. National Herbarium, no. 428910), and a second sheet representing Fendler’s no. 54 (U. 8S, National Herbarium, no, 50241), the latter bearing the following note attributed to D, C. Eaton: “ Perhaps the Nephrodium deflerum J. Smith, referred to in [Hooker and Baker’s] Syn. Fil. p. 292.” The reference is to a note by Mr. Baker, under Nephrodium refractum Hook., as follows: “A Fern gathered in Trinidad by Aldridge, VN. deflerum, J. Sm. MSS., has similarly deflected pinnew, but they are narrower, and the lobes reach halfway down to the midrib.” This description, if it may be called such, applies to the plant in hand: but Smith’s name is invalidated by Nephrodium deflerum Pres}, 1825. The relationship of D. johnstoni is not with D. refracta (Fisch. & Meyer) Kuntze, which, as represented by several specimens in the National Herbarium. is of the section Cyclosorus. In gross characters it may be compared rather with D. falciculata (Raddi) Kuntze, from Brazil, the West Indian D. pyrami- data (Fée) Maxon, and the British Guianan D, latiuscula Maxon. D. falci- culata is a plant with delicate herbaceous ovate fronds, very deeply cut non- caudate glandular pinnie, spaced segments, ete. D. pyramidata and D. lati- uscula differ in their broader scarcely caudate pinnm, noncaudate apex and marked pubescence, and in having the lower pinne not deflected. Dryopteris latiuscula Maxon, sp. nov. Aspidium (Nephrodium) aardianim Jenman, in herb. Not Aspidium wardti Kuhn, 1879=Nephrodium iwardii Baker, 1874=Dryopteris wardii Kuntze, 1891. Rhizome lacking; stipes 35 cm. long, light brownish, stout, deeply and irregu- larly suleate, with a thick scurfy covering of minute whitish stellate hairs MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 499 below, in the upper parts and on the rachis mixed with longer simple hairs, these at length predominating: lamina triangular-deltoid, 40 cm. long, 37 em. broad, about 15 to 17-jugate, decreasing regularly at the apex; pinne straight or nearly so, opposite throughout, short-stalked (1 mm.), lanceolate, attenuate, the midvein stout, conspicuously elevated, covered with erect long and short simple hairs, these extending also to the veins and veinlets; lowermost pinnie 13.5 em. long, 2.8 em. wide, borne at an angle of 90°, by the reduction of the two or three lowermost pairs of segments nearly ligulate at the base (8 mm. wide), increasing abruptly to the full width (2.8 cm.), in the remainder of the basal half lobed about one-half the distance to the midrib, the lobes gradually much shallower toward the entire attenuate apex: lobes approximate, oblique, slightly falcate, rounded-truncate, those of the superior and inferior sides about equal, the largest 6 mm. broad. with about 9 or 10 pairs of simple veinlets, the lowermost two (or three) pairs running to the narrow sinus (or the first pos- terior veinlet sometimes only short-excurrent) : succeeding pinnre gradually smaller, of the same general form, gradually less reduced at the base, the sixth pair of pinne with only the first pair of segments reduced, upper pinne with base as broad as the middle, ultimate inne greatly reduced (1.5 to 2 cm. long), finally adnate, decreasing regularly into a short entire apex; sori of the largest segments 9 or 10 pairs, large, medial, the indusium light brown, with numerous long simple white hairs. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 428925; from the Jenman_ her- barium, marked in Jenman’s hand as from the ‘“Barima River, British Guiana.” A second sheet has identical data. D, latiuscula is of the section Eudryopteris and closely related to D. pyrami- data; to be distinguished by its stouter vascular parts, opposite and less deeply lobed pinnz and especially by the greatly reduced basal segments of most of the pinne, even the upper pinne never broader at the base than at the middle. It is less nearly allied to D. johnston, Elaphoglossum palmeri Underw, & Maxon, sp. nov. Mature plants 22 to 45 cm. high, with narrow fronds covered on both sides with more or less scattered irregularly stellate scales; rootstock slender, creep- ing, densely covered with copious dark-brown shining prickly-ciliate linear- lanceolate scales, these continuing a short distance up the slender stipe, there mingled with whitish or rusty long-ciliate scales: sterile fronds with stipes 5 to 18 em. long, lamina 20 to 30 em, long, very narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, usually widest (6 to 1S mm.) one-third the distance below the apex, gradually long-tapering below, tapering more rapidly toward the apex, hoth surfaces covered (often densely so when young) with rather small whitish or slightly brownish, ciliate or irregularly stellate scales, those of the midrib beneath and on the margins with a broader body: sporophyls similar in shape to the sterile fronds but shorter and with relatively longer stipes, cov- ered more or Jess closely with-irregularly stellate scales above, fibrillose with ciliate seales on the midrib beneath; veins distinct, oblique, mostly once-forked (usually near the base), slightly thickened toward the end and scarcely reach- ing the. margin thus forming a condition between §$Stenoneura and §Condy- loneura but nearly approximating the former. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 372375; collected near E] Guama, Province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, on banks of an open stream in the pine moun- tains, Mareh 12, 1900. by William Palmer and J. H. Riley (no. 286). Also collected by Charles Wright (no. 5957), in the vear 1865, probably in the same part of the island, The type specimens are lacking in sporophyls but represent 26379 OS———3 500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. the more robust stage of the species. Wright's specimens, of which there are two sheets in the herbarium of Columbia University and one in the U. S. Na- tional Herbarium, as much smaller but fertile.¢ The species is somewhat allied to Hlaphoglossum petiolate (Sw.) Urban, originally described from Jamaica, from which it differs conspicuously in its oblique veins, long-tapering fronds (long-attenuate below), in its copious covering of irregularly stellate scales, and especially in the prominent bristly-ciliate scales of the rootstock. In com- mon with “. petiolatim and the Mexican f. aranecosmae (D.C. Eaton) C. Chr. it shows a tendeney toward an intermediate position between the two usually well-marked sections of the genus, as elaborated by Dr. Christ in his mono- graph, Pellaea lozani Maxon, sp. nov. Fronds 15 to 25 em. long, clustered upon an ascending rhizome bearing short dark acicular scales with narrow brown borders; stipes 4 to 9 em. long (av- eraging 7 or S cm.), light brownish green, with a few narrow scales similar to those of the rhizome; lumina 10 to 17.5 cm. long, 5.5 to $8.5 cm. broad, narrowly ovate, acuminate, simply pinnate, slightly broader at the middle than at the base; rachis like the stipe, bearing numerous narrow brownish blaek-tipped appressed scales; pinuee 7 to 9 pairs, approximate or slightly imbricate (only the lowermost pair or two somewhat spaced), simple, faleate, the lowermost pair sessile and sometimes lastate, those above sessile, lanceolate, auriculate, the pronounced rounded auricle overlapping the rachis, rounded or subecordate below, the uppermost two or three pairs unequally subcordate, finally adnate and decurrent, giving rise to an elongate acuminate terminal segment once or twice sharply cleft below; largest pinnze (middle) 4.38 em. long, 1 em. broad near the base (1.4 cm., including the auricle), tapering regularly and evenly to an acute apex; texture firm, chartaceous; leaf-tissue covered sparingly both above and below with short whitish glandular hairs; veins close, repeatedly forked; sori forming a narrow continuous band completely around the slightly changed margin. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no, 462684; collected on wet ledges in Iguala Canon, near Tguala, altitude $00 meters, in the State of Guerrero, Mexico, July 25, 1907, by PFilemon L. Lozano, and distributed by Dr. C. G. Pringle as no. 15947, The personal name is given at the suggestion of Dr. Pringle, who writes most appreciatively of his friend and assistant, Senor Lozano, Notwithstanding the marked dissimilarity in form, the alliance of P. lozani is clearly with P. seemanni, from which it appears to differ sufficiently in its simple pinne, scautier vestiture, etc. Pellaea notabilis Maxon, sp. nov. Plant about 45 cm. high, comprising 6 long-stipitate simply pinnate fronds, Khizome stout, 1 cm. in diameter, creeping (6 cm.), very thickly clothed with linear long-attenuate tawny silky chaff (7 to S mm. long), that of the apical portion light straw-colored; stipes clustered, 22 to 25 em. long, stout, 1.5 min. in diameter, terete throughout, straw-colored with purplish bases, naked except for a few spreading silky hairs near the base; lamina bluish green, cConspicu- ously lighter below, chartaceous, glabrous, 20 to 23 cm. long, 13 em. broad, deltoid-ovate in drying, once pinnate, 6 to 8 pairs of narrow-spaced (2. to 3.5 em, apart) pinnae and a similar terminal segment, the rachis stout, naked, as probably undescribed, and at Kew placed with Ly tectum (Hi. & B.) Moore, originally from Venezuela, to whose type specimen, as seen in the Willdenow herbarium at Berlin, it has no close resemblance.—L. M. UNprrwoop, iv litt. MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 5O1 em. long), simple, linear, long-attenuate, straight or nearly so, gradually taper- ing from the unequally subcordate base (S to 10 min. broad), the lowermost short-stalked (2 to 3 mim.), the middle ones less so, the upper sessile, the ter- minal segment 7.5 cm. long, conform, sessile; costa evident throughout: veins concealed, close, 2 or 8 times dichotomously forked, extending to the thick whitish narrowly cartilaginous Margin; margins broadly revolute, the sori borne in a continuous broad band from the free mucronate tip of the pinna nearly to the base on both sides. Type in the T Palmer, near Victoria, altitude about 520 meters, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, February to April, 1907 (no, 234). Only one specimen was found, this fortu- » _ 8. National Herbarium, no, 572223, collected by Dr. Edward nately in good condition. The long, simple, entire, spaced pinnie will distinguish Pellaca notabilis at once from any known species of the group characterized by light-colored stipes and rachises. Phymatodes prominula Maxon, sp. oy, Rhizome extensively creeping, slender, 5 to 2 mm, in diameter, thickly covered with appressed ferruginous firm lanceolate scales terminating in a long seta, the margins lighter-colored with flaccid deciduous cilia; fronds essentially conform, exstipitate, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, 7 to 12 em. long, 11 to 15 mm. broad, linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, the apex subobtuse or acutish Crarely attenuate), the lower portion gradually attenuate to the base, thus narrowly cuneate; principal venation manifest, the costa and lateral veins elevated, the connecting and included veinlets scarcely so or immersed: in sterile fronds the costal areoles narrow, the paracostal larger and extending nearly to the margin ; in the fertile fronds the costal and paracostal areoles of nearly equal size, the latter soriferous; recurrent included veinlets few, short, immersed; ultimate venation comprising a minor third row of ineoniplete areoles near the margin ; sori solitary, medial, 1S to 23 pairs, impressed, borne at the end of a single branch or at the ends of two branches short-excurrent from the costal areole: spores light yellowish brown, muricate;: paraphyses filiform, flaccid. Type in the U, 8. National Herbarium, no. 581952; collected on the San Juan trail, isluand of Margarita, Venezuela, altitude 500° meters, by J. R. Johnston (no. 155), July 6, 1908. Represented also by Fendler’s no. 50 from Trinidad and by specimens collected by Charles Wright at Greytown, Nicaragua (without number). This is one of the forms usually called Polypodium salicifolium Willd.,? with which species as delimited by Mettenius ® it may be identical; but this name, though used recently by Hieronymus,® is not tenable, having been used by Vahl for another species in 1SO7, Of the several supposed synonyms associated with “salicifolimm’ as a species or as a subspecies of lycopodioides none appears to be available. Polypodium surinamecnse Jacq.@ as interpreted by Lindman,” differs in all essential respects, as does also Craspedaria grandis Fee. Both of these have dimorphic fronds. Polypodium dietyophylium Kunze, from Guiana. is from description clearly a distinet species, as recognized by Met- tenius.2 P. rosmarinifolimm Kunth is an allied Ecuadorean plant whose char- acters have recently been pointed out by Tlieronymus.® @Sp. Plo: 149, 1810. vb AbDhand. Senck, Nat. Gesell, 2:96. 1856, €Enegler’s Bot. Jahrb. 34: 556, 1905. @Coll. Bot. 3: 285, ple 2h. fo 4. VTSO. e Ark. Bot. 1: 247. 1905. fF Crypt. Vase. Brés, 1: 119 pl. oi. fe 2. TS60. 5OY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The alliance of P. prominula in outline and venation is rather with the well. known 1. lycopodivides, from which it differs not only in its more conform fronds but also in- its raised venation, slighter rhizome and more translucent tissue. : Polypodium dissimulans Maxon, sp. nov. A very delicate pendent plant with numerous flaccid linear fronds; rhizome erect, minute, slender, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, bearing a few relatively large bright brown lanceolate scales, with dark cell walls; fronds 15 to 20 em. long, » to 12 mm. broad, scarcely stipitate, greatly reduced below, the rachis filiform, dark brown or blackish, bearing 45 to 60 pairs of distant narrow alternate pinne, decreasing gradually toward the apex or sometimes abruptly to a narrow terminal caudate segment 2 cm. long, 2 mm. broad at the base and there coarsely lobed; pinn:e separated once or twice their width, adnate, smooth, membranous, translucent, the lowermost minute, decurrent, distant less than 1 cm. from the rhizome, those immediately above graduaily larger’ and with simple midveins; characteristic pinnie 6 mm, long, 1.75 mim.- broad above the base, strongly decurrent, lanceolate, straight or slightly recurved, borne obliquely (usually at an angle of about 45°), margins with a few shallow dentate serrations, apex somewhat produced, subentire, obtuse, midveins dark, flexuose, with about 4 or 5 pairs of oblique alternate veins extending half way to the margin and corresponding to the oblique marginal teeth; sori large, slightly impressed, confluent with age, terminal upon the veins. _Type in the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith; collected from tree trunks near Coban, Alta Verapaz, Guatemiula, at an altitude of 1,300 meters, February, 1886, by H. von Tiirckheim. ‘The collection including this was dis- tributed by Captain Smith as no, SS4, Polypodium jubaeforme WKaulf. A specimen of this number in the U, 8S. National Herbarium is less complete. The present species is readily distinguished from P. jubacforme by its exceed- ingly delicate texture, very slender vascular parts, almost superficial sori, and toothed pinne, the last a character noted by Captain Smith. The relation- ship is rather with the British Guianan P, welanotrichum Baker® and the closely allied P. suprasculptum Christ,” the latter described recently from Costa Rica. From these it differs notably in its very narrow fronds and few shallow blunt teeth. Stenochlaena latiuscula Maxon, sp. nov. Rootstock wide-creeping, flattened, about 7 mm. broad, 3 to 4 mm. thick, naked or nearly so, bearing a few naked dark yellowish brown lanceolate scales at the base of the stipe and extending up the stipe a short distance (3 to 4 em.). Sterile frond dark green, about 70 em. long; stipe 20 ¢m.:; lamina exactly lanceolate, at the base truncate, 50 cm. long, 25 em. broad at the middle and at the base, about 17-jugate, the pinne 12.5 cm. long by 1.6 to 1.8 em. broad, simple, linear-lanceolate, subopposite, spaced about their width, borne at 90° to the stout terete very narrowly alate rachis, short-petiolate, subequally and rather obtusely cuneate, tapering gradually from near the middle to an evenly long-attentuate straight or slightly faleate apex, the margins evenly crenulate-revolute in drying; veins conspicuous, simple or more commonly once-forked at or near the base, diverging from the costa at an angle of about 70°; intercostal spaces about 8 to 1 cm. Fertile fronds similar but smaller, “Timehri IT, 5: 216, 1S86: Trans. Linn. Soe, 11, Bot. 2: 292. 1887, 4 Bull. Herb. Boiss. Il. 5:3, 1905, MAXON—STUDIES OF TROPICAL AMERICAN FERNS. 508 7 to S mm. broad near the base, obtusely cuneate, stalked (2 to 38 mm.), long- attenuate, in drying folded along the midrib. Type in the U. 8S. National Herbarium, no, 474000, collected at Juan Vinas, valley of the Reventaz6n, Costa Rica, altitude 1,000 meters, by O. F. Cook and C, B. Doyle (no, 208), April 22, 1903, Less perfect specimens are those collected by Wercklé and by Cooper, both without exact locality in Costa Rica. Known also from Guatemala upon a specimen collected by von Tiirckheim at Pan- samali, Alta Verapaz, altitude 1,200 meters, February, 1887 (/. D. 8S. 1129), in the herbarium of Capt. John Donnell Smith. The present species is probably most closely allied to the true S, sorbifolia ® which appears to be strictly a West Indian species, It differs in its darker almost reddish chaff, in having the frond not reduced below or only very slightly so, in the longer and relatively narrower pinne, these tapering and long-attenuate from near the middle and not from the outer third as in 8. sorbifolia, “As delimited by Professor Underwood, Bull. Torr. Club 33: 591-605. 1907. PLATE LY. PLATE LV. Photograph of specimen of Asplenium salicifolinm L., U.S. National Herbarium no. 525061, collected at Monte Verde, Province of Oriente, Cuba, altitude ayant about 575 meters, by Wm. R. Maxon, no, 4306. About two-fifths natural size. 506 Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X, PLaTe LV. Seg Sz eg a iF. __ — ae ASPLENIUM SALICIFOLIUM L. au. PLATE LVI. Fic. 1. Diplazgium delitescons Maxon, One of the second pair of pinnze from the type, U. S. National Her- barium no. 403261, Pollard & Palmer 348, from the vicinity of San Luis, Province of Oriente, Cuba. Fie. 2. -splenium integerrimum Spreng. One of the second pair of pinne of a frond collected on forested slopes of the Finca Las Gracias, Yateras, Province of Oriente, Cuba, Maron 4479. Fic. 3. Asplenium sarcodes Maxon. A characteristic middle pinna from the type, U. 8S. National Her- barium no. 523133, collected on the farallones of La Perla, Yateras, Province of Oriente, Cuba, Mazon 4390, Fic. +. Holodictyum finekit (Baker) Maxon. Apical and adjoining portion of a frond of Dr. Edw. Palmer's no. 856, collected near Gomez Farias, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, Figs. 1, 2, and 4 are from nature prints. Fig. 3 is from a photograph, All are at natural size. : 508 PLATE LVI. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. X. DIPLAZIUM DELITESCENS MAXON, ASPLENIUM INTEGERRIMUM SPRENG., ASPLENIUM SARCODES MAXON AND HOLODICTYUM FINCKII (BAKER) MAXON. ee ee ee a ee ee eee ee a INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECTES, [Page number of principal entry first: synonyms in italics.) Page. Adiantopsis___------. ------ oe 485 paupercula_—_—_ — 2 485, 486 pedata _-_-_-__-- — 2 485, 486 radiata —- - -__- a — 485, 486 rupicola__~----------- 7 _ 485, 486 Adiantum alis latioribus——_ a 479 paupercilum_—————- oe 485 radiatum —~— 5-5 - 485 Ananthacorus —__~~_- oe _ 487 angustifolius__--___-~-- 0 AST Anaceton_——--- ~~~ _ 485, 484 Anaretum ~~ ~~ —~- 485, 484 crassifolium ———- oe a 485 Aspidium fadyenii. - —-~--------- 484 hookeri ~.- © 484 nacrophyllum_——— © 493 miacrourum — ~~~ ~~ a ASD martinicense —.— ~~ — 493 plantagineum ~~~ ——— 494 proliferum_———-_- - oe _ 484 psamimisorum ~~~ ------------- 494 purdiaei__—------------- —_ 494 wardianum — ~~~ _ _ 498 wardit ~~~ _ oe 498 Asplenium_— ~~~ ~~ ee 481 abscissum —~~~-_-~-_--_ _ 476 anisophyllum —_.--- ~~~ -----~-- 495 auriculatum___ 475, 476, 477, 480, 481 austro-brasiliense 480 bicrenatum —_— ~~ - 477 camptocarpum _ 480 cirrhatum —_~—--— - —_ 491 conquisitum _—_ — 488 eultrifolium————— : _ 497 escragnollei_—— ~~ —_ 480 fale ~~~ oo 481 finekii —2--- _ oe 482 franconis —----~ —_ — 485 ghiesbreghtii_— _ _ 481, 482 hastatum ~~~ ~~ oe 477 integerrimum_477, 478, 479, 480, 48/, 508 kapplerianum —~~--------~--- 481, 479 neogranatense ————— _-____ «480, 478 obtusifolium ————--—--~-- oe 479 ocaniense —~-----~---------- 480 oligophyllum —_-~--~------- _ 480 proliferum——~~--------------- 484 radicans ~~~-~~--------- — 490, 491 rectangulare —-~~~-~- __. 478, 479, 481 repandulum _—----------------- 479 Asplenium—Continued. rhizuphorum —. ~~~ ~~~ ------ 490, 491 rhizophyullum LL. (1758) —------- 483, 482, 484, 490 rhizophyllum L. (1763)-— 490, 482, 491 ripariwim 0 ----- ~~~ ---------- 479 obtusifolium ~~~ ~~~ --------- 479 rutaceum ___- - --- © ~~ 488 salicifolium oo ee 476 475, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 506 salicifolium austrobrasiliense —__ 480 sanguinolentum ~~~. ~~ ——-- a 495 sarcodes_— ~~ _- - 494, 508 semicordatum ~~~ ~—~------------ 477 vomeriforme —_------ ~~~ ~~ ~-- 478 Bathmium plantagineum ~~ -------- 494 Camptosorus rhizophyllus _-_ 484, 482, 490 intermedius___——~- oa ------ 484 sibiricus ~_-__- -------------- 4184, 482 | Campyloneurum repens—_——---~-~-~- 490 Candollea —. ~~~ Bo ne _ 486 Cheilanthes aemula_—— ~~ 495, 496 microphylla - - a 496 peninsularis - oe 496, 497 pringlei So ee 497 Craspedaria grandis ~~~ ~~-~------ 501 Diplaziopsis —-— ee 482 Diplazium ——_ re a 481 delitescens. ~~ ------------- 497, 508 franconis_———---_-~-~---------- 488 oreophilum —_~~_-—-_-------- au-- 488 Drymoglossum —--. ~~. ~--------- —_ 486 heterophyllum__~~~-~----------- 486 Dryomenis plantaginea ~~ ~~~ ---~---- 494 Dryopteris faleiculata ------------ 498 jolmstoni_- - --__--~------- 498, 499 latiuscula ~~~ ~~ 498, 499 oligophyla__. ~~. -------------- 489 patens —-__--. ---~-_---------- 489 pyramidata —~_--~------- 489, 498, 499 radieans_——. — ~~~ 490, 491, 492 refracta ~~~ ~~ _ — 498 reptans ~~ - — 490 serra_—_-__- - ok ne 489 serrulata_— ~---- ~~ oon eee 491, 492 sloanei__-— 6 + 489 tetragona —-_-__ ~~~ ------- 489 wardii ------ - -- (oe 498 Elaphoglossum araneosum —-~-~--~~ 500 palmeri —-~~—- oo ee 499 petiolatum_—-_-_~-------------- 500 tectum ______---~------------- 500 a INDEX, VIL Page. Eschatogramme _______-_-_ ==, 486 furecata ~~~ 486 Fadyenia fadyenii_~---_-.__- 484 hookeri__-~---_--- = 6 ee 484 prolifera ~~~. ee 482, 484 Goniophlebium ampliatum _________ 492 Goniopteris pyramidata__.-- -_ = 489 reptans__-~------- 490 Hemidictyum — -_--_- 482 Holodictyum___-__- =| ~ oe 481 finckii _--..________________ 482, 508 ghiesbreghtii___-. --§ ~__________ 482 Hypolepis pedata ____ === 485 Nephrodium asplenioides___-____ 492 deflexum_______ | ~~... 498, 498 invisum ~~ ~~~ 2 489 macrophyllume =. 493 paucijugum_____ woe 489 refractum __------ == = 498 reptans___~- -§-- = a 490 serrulatum — ---- 491, 492 sherringiae ~~. ok 494 sherringii-_---_-- = §- 2 _ 494 sloanei__-_- 489 wardii 2-0 498 Paltonium____~_~_ =e Wt 486 lanceolatum_—_-— --- === 486 Pellaea lozani_--_-_--- ____- a 500 notabilis _.-_________________ 500, 501 seemanni ---_--- 500 Pessopteris ______ ee 485 crassifolia ______ ok 485 Phegopteris reptans__-.- == 490 | Phyllitis ---- 2 ee 483 Phymatodes nematorhizon _________ 493 prominula______-_- ~~~ = 501, 502 Pleuridium —-~-.~---- 484, 485 crassifolium ~~~ 485 Podopeltis plantaginea ____________ 494 Polypodium asplenioides____~_______ 491 attenuatum___________ ok 492 crassifolium ~-------________ 484, 485 O Poly podium—Continued. Page. dictyophyllum_____—_ 501 dissimulans_________________. . 002 gladiatum ~~. 492 invisum ~~ ~~ 489 jubaeforme __~--- =e 302 kalbreyeri ~~ ~~~ 493 lanceolatum_—_— =e 498 longipes__-_~ ee 493 lunanianum —__-_-___________ 491, 492 lycopodioides ~______________ 501, 502 melanotrichum —.~~_~__-________ 502 nematorhizon ~~~ 2k 495 plantagineum = _~_-- 494 radicans _____ eee 491 repens ~~ 2-0 - 490 reptangs ~~_-~--___ 490, 491 rhizophyllmm. —— 491 rosmarinifolium ~~~... =e 501 salicifolium ~~ 501 serrulatum ~~~ ~~~ 491 suprasculptum — ~~ ~~~ 502 surinamense _____ Hee 501 transiens_—__ oe 4933 Polystichum grevillianum —________ 484 munitum solitarium —- 2 _ _ 493 rhizophyNum —__~~~~~- ~~~ 491 solitarium____-__-_-_-___=_ et 493 Pteris angustifolia__ 02 . 486, 487 Pteropsis ~~~ ~ aaa ae 486 angustifolia ~~. 2-2 487 Sagenia macrophylla... 493 ' Stenochlaena latiuseula —--- ~~ 502 sorbifolia__~_______ - oe 003 Taenitis angustifolia____- ~ oe 487 lanceolata... --2 = 487 Tectaria martinicensis __~_______ 493, 494 plantaginea_-~____~_- = 494 purdiaei ~-____ ~~~ 494 Vittaria ~___________-__ 486, 487 angustifolia ~~~ ee 487 scolopendrina _________________ 486 ee ee INDEX. [Synonyms in italies. Pages of principal entries in heavy-faced type.] Page Abildgaardia monostachyd ....---+-+++--+++- 458 PUDESCENS 2... 2-2 eee cece e eee ee eee 458 ADIUS. 2.002222. 022 eee eee eee eee eee 139,197 precatorius ............-------- Lessee 133, 197 Abutilon durangense............------+---- 12: hemsleyana ........----------+-2+- +--+ 12: sidoides ......-...2220--0 00022 eee eres 123 ACACIA... 2c ee eee eee ee eee eee eee tees 135, 144 farnesiana .........-.....---------++ 133, 145 nudiflora . ......---....2----22-2+ +02 145 NUAOSA 2.022. eee eee eee eee 145 — ipalida ... 2.2.2... eee eee ee eee ee eee 146 puertoriquefia.........----------------- 144 riparia........ 2.2.2.2 22 eee eee eee 145 Achnanthes.............--- 323, 324, B27, 334, 370 anguslald, . 2.22. 0-2- 20-2202 e eee eee 324 areticUM 2.2.2.2... 22. eee eee eee eee ee 328 coaretata .....2222--2. 22222 eee eee eee eee ood COSLAIUS 0002 ee eee eee eee eee 324 dispar ......0...2. 02-0200 2 eee eee eee eee B27 Achnanthidium ...0.-....-022+-20222200555 327, 333 OrCHOCUM 2.0.2 ec eee eee eee 328 Actiniscus .......2222225---- cece ee eeeeeeee 285 CUPVALUS 0.002 ee eee eee eee 288 QUINGYLUS . 0.22222 ee eee eee eee 286 sexfurcalus.... 0.00002 02 22 eee eee eee ees eee 287 SUPEUS Le ees 286 ViCOENAViUs. ..22 2.22222 eee eee 288 Actinoecyclus......----- 240, 260, 204, 269, 278, 279 alienus .......---------- 2222-2 eeee tees 261 CONLPOYNECE . oe eee eee eee 261 antareticus .............----.-------5- . 263 eireumadutus. ..02. 22-2222 eee eee eee 261 CTASSUS. 2.222 eee eee eee eee eee 26 eurvatulus............----2----5------ 250, 261 elongatus.......22-.-2-5--2 00-00 e eee eee 262 CT eT 262 fasciculatus 2.02... .2- 202200 e eee eee 263 PUSCUS. 2222222 263 interpunctatus..............-.--. 245, 261, 262 minutus ......222...202.0 22022 eee eee eee 262 oliverianus ............-..-.--2---- +0 e--- 262 pyrotechnicus .........----+-0.--2-+2+5 261 ralfsii..........2-----2--2--2--0-5 261, 262, 268 SPATSUS. 2.00.2 eee ee eee eee eee 263 SPRISUS 2.22.2 - eee eee eee ee eee 263 SUDCTASSUS. .- 2-02 eee eee ee eee eee eee 261 subocellatus .......-02.2--2-0--000 0022 002- 261 subtilis........------------2-----5---- 261, 263 tesselatus ....-.----------------- eeeeeeee 264 UMDONAIUS .. 22-222. 262 45609—08——1 Page, Actinocyelus—Continued., UNAUIQKUS 2 ee eee eee 272 Actinodietvon................---2-------+-- 209 AcCtiNOQraMMt 2.2.2... 00. eee eee eee eee 273 brooket.. 022-2... eee eee eee 274 OT 274 SALUTNUS 0.0022 ee ee ene eee ee -..ee 274 SOL Looe ccc cee eee eee eee cece eeeeee | 274 VONUS co cece n eect ee 274 ACtiNOphaenid . 2.0606. o eee eee eee ee 269 SPlEnNndONS ...22..0000 000-0 271 Actinoptychus..........--..- 2G, 260, 260, 267, 269 altermans ......-.222----220002 222 eee ee 270 DiteTNAPLUS 22 eee eee 272 ClOPANS 2.20... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 270 QMODVAEUS. cee ee eee eee eee eee 272 grundleri.........------ +2... 0 eee e eee ee 270 RAMiONYN L222. oe ee ee ee eee 272 InterMedtUus 2.0.00... 0 22 eee eee eee eee 271 interpunctalus. ...... 0-2-0020 22 eee eee eee 262 janischii..........-....----25 222200 eee 270 laevigatus parva....--..-.--2--+-eeeee ee 270 mOlleri ..........-5--.2. 0-022 e eee eee eee 271 omphalopelta ... 2.2.22... ee eee eee eee eee 272 planus .......2.- 2-0-2. e eee ee eee eee ee 271 punctulatus.......2...---- +22. e eee renee 271 radulus .......-----2-02222-2 0 eee eee eee ee 271 splendens.....-----------.eee:seeeeeeeee 271 undulatus ........------2-- 22 ee eee eee . 272 vicenarius........ 02-222 0-2. eee eee eee 270 vulgaris ..2.....0---0-202 2-2 e eee eee --. 270 ACUAN 2.2 e ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 148 Adenanthera............2-.2--0-20022- eee 135, 149 pavoninad ......... 0220 ee eee eee eee eee 133, 149 Adiantopsis ......0 ...----- wc e ence eee eee 485 paupercula .......-----2-2+eeeeeee eee 485, 486 pedata...... 225... eee eee eee eee 485, 486 radiata.... 2.22.22. 022 ce eee eee ee eee 485, 486 rupicola ...... 022.22. 2. eee ee eee eee 485, 486 Adiantum alis latioribus.......0..020+0022+ 479 PUM POP CULM. ooo eee eee eee ee eee sees 485 PAMICIUM. 2.0.22 wee ee ee eee eect eeeee 485 Aeschynomene .......-22-2222e eee e eee 138, 181 americani......--.--22-2 2022 eee eee eee ee 182 villosa ....22. 22-22-2222 ee eee eee ee 183 portoricensis.......-. ..------------- 133, 183 semsitiva........ 22.222 22 eee eee eee eee eee 182 Agropyron divergens. .....-.--.---------++++ 42 Albizzia. 2.22.00... 200 e eee eee eee eee eee 135, 142 lebbek ..............20----- 2202 ee eee 133, 142 Alchemilla hirsuta alpestris ....-...-.-----+ 96 509 . 510 INDEX, Page. Page. Alchemilla—Continued, Apium ammi.... 22.22.22... eee eee eee eeee 131 procumbens .................---2-2--00-- 96 | Apodanthes .........000......0...0.0..--20-- 86 subalpestris. 2.2... 2. cee ee eee ee eee 96 | Arachis .........0020000. 0202000022 eee eee 138, 184 Alloneis antillarwin........ cece eee eee eeeeee 336 hypogaea... 2.2... eee eee eee eee 133, 184 1 336 | Arachnodiseus ..... 200.000. 00eeceeeeeeeeeee 266 Alysicarpus...........000...000020-0 0000 137, 191 OMrenber ii o.oo ec eee eee 267 nummularifolius .........2..2.......--- 19L | Arbol madre............2...0.0022.00 220022. 208 Amor platonico.........2.2...2222.0.000005- W438 | Archnoidiscus. . 2.0.0.0... cee eee eee 266 AMOSO 2202 oe ee eee eee 140 barbadensis .. 2.0.0.0. eee cece 268 Amphicampa ..... cece eee eee eee eee eee eeee 368 Indicus.. 0.2. eee eee 267 Amphigenes .. 2.20... 002 e eee 4 JAPONICUS oo eee cece eee ee 267 Amphipentas... 0... cece eee eee 289 MICODAVICUS Loe cece ce cee eee 267 quinquelobatd . 20. cece eee eee eee 291 OPNALUS ©. ee ec eee 267 Amphipleurd. .. 0.00.00 0 eee eee eee 334,860,878 | ArOMO..........0.0 00000000 oe ee eee cece eee ee 145 PUM. ooo eee eee eee eee sal | Arracacia aegopodioides ..................- 127 siqmoided... 2.0.0... eee eee eee eee 381, 881, 882 fruticosa 22.0000. cece eee eee 127 Amphiprora .........2...-.-...-..... 833,367,368 multifida . 2.0.0.0... 2... e eee eee eee 127 COMSpiCUa 2.2... eee eee eee 368 tenuifolia 2.0... .00 2.02202 127 pulchra variety B...... 2.2.22. 368 | Arréte négre 2... 0000 00.2 cece eee eee ee eee 167 Amphitetras . 22.0.0 0020 000000002 280,293,298 | Arundinaria macrosperma...............-- 42 antediWUViand .. 0.022. eee eee ee 295,299 | Aspidium fadyenii.... 2.2.22... e eee eee eee 484 Dicornis 2.2... 02.2 eee eee 301 NOOKEN To eee cece eee eee ee 484 parallel ...... 6.022 eeeeeee 293 MACPOPhYLIN. ooo ce ee ee eee 193 POLIT eee ec eececeeeeceeee ee 296 MACPOUTUM .. 2.0.2... 2 eee eee eee eee 4189 Quad Pan gUqar ts oo... ccc eee ee 291 MEPtINICENSE ©. eee eee eee eee 498 WURESTE 0000 ce eee ee cee eee ee 291 plantagineun 2.0... cee eee ee eee 494 tONMALA 02.222 eee eee eee 296 PVOUPCVUM ooo eee etwas 484 Amphitropts. 0.0.0. 2.02020000000 000 cee ee eee 368 PSAMMISOTUM ©... eee eee eee cece 494 Amphora .....2....2...2.6000 00.0002 ee 308, 873 purdtadd ooo... 494 baccata..... 000.020.000.200 e ee eee 373 WAPKHIANUM 2.66 eee ce eee eee 498 ee 375, 376 WAPI oe ee ce eee eee 498 commutata .....0...2002000002....0..... 376 | Asplenium ........0.02000 000000022 eee eee 481 Ct) 375 abscissum ........2.2.0 0220202. e cece ee eee 476 punctala 2.20. ee eee ee 374 anisophyllum ...................02..2-. 495 CTeSCENS 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 374 auriculatum 0.00.2. .2000- 475, 476, 477, 480, 481 elegans .....2....00.20.002000 0002 e eee 374 austrobrasiliense .......0.20......2.0--- 480 farcimen .....2.....0.20.002-0-0-2 eee 376 Dicrendtum. 2... cee cee we eee ee 77 SPUPCAD, 0.2 oe ee eee eee eee 376 camptocarpum ............6.2.. 0202000 480) honshuensis ................0202...002-. $75 cirrhatum .... 2.22.22... 222222 eee eee 491 kamorthensis..........2.....22......2.. 376 conquisitum. ......2.......002..2.2200-- 488 levis 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 27. cultrifolium . 2... ....00..2.. 0222. e eee eee 497 marina .............2.....22..----.20-. 376 escragnollei ........020.02....222.22002-- 180 mexicana .........2...2.02022220220 22. 375 ee 481 OCUIUS .... 2.2. eee eee 375, 376 JINCKLI oe cece e eee eee eens 482 OVAliS. 22.2222 eee eee eee ee ee eee 376 SVONCONIS © oe ce cece eee ee eee 488 pellucida .....2.2...0200 00022 eee 376 Ghiesbregntit . 0.0... cc cca cece ee eee 481, 482 proteus kariana .....0 ...0...22....2.... 376 hhastatum.... 02... 0. ee eee ee eee 477 spectabilis. 22... 220 2.000000 02 2 376 integerrimum ....... 477,478, 479, 480, 481, 508 wachenhusenibt oo... 0c. eee eee 375 kapplerianum ..............2......2. 479, 481 weissflogii......2..2200002000.2022..22..2. 376 neogranatense.........0.....2 neces 478, 480 Amyris bipinnata .....0..0.200220 00200 eee 119 obtusifolium ...............0-20020-.220- 479 Ananthacorus .....2....0..0.02.22222.2202... 487 ocaniense 2.2222. .00 00202... e eee eee ee 480 angustifolius ..200.0 02.220.222.......... 487 oligophyllum ..........000..2.02022.220- 480 AMAUILUS . 2.0... eee eee eee eee 314 prOoliperunt 2. eee eee 484 ANAXCLON 2. occ eee eee eee eee ewe cece eee 184, 485 PAMICONS 2000. ee ee eee ee 490, 491 ANAUCLUM 0. oe cee cee cece eee 484,485 rectangulare 2.2220 .......2..002. 478, 479, 481 CYASSIPOLLWM. oo eee eee ee eee 485 PEPANAULUAL. © eee eee 479 Andira....... Dee eee eee eee eee eee e eee 139, 196 rhizophorwm . 2... .2 22.00.02 e eee e ene 490, 491 jamaicensis .........00.00.0002.2.20-0.. 197 rhizophyllum L. (1753)....... 482, 483, 484, 490 ANNESIEYO. 2.202 cece eee cece eee cece cece 14: rhizophyllum L. (1763).......-.-. 482, 490, 491 ANNESUUD © Lee eee eee cece eee ee 143 PUPAPTUM. 22 eee cece eee 479 ANOMOCONEIS .. 0. ee ee eee eee 333 obtusifolium .. 00... .00 cece cece eee 479 POYGVAMME «0. e ee e cc cece ace eee e cee 341 rutaceuM................ stew ee eee ee eee 188 AnOrthonets....00 0c eee eee eee eee ee 328 salicifolium . 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 506 Anosporum CUbDENSE ©2000. oe eee ee 460 salicifolium austrobrasiliense ........ 4380 Anthericum reflerum ....00.0.002020.-..---2-- 93 sanguinolentum................2..-2.0-- 495 Anthodiscus.............2.0.000- cee eee eeee 269 SArCOdeS ©... 2.2... eee eee eee 494, 608 ‘See oe pe veo hee + ~~“ INDEX. 511 Asplenium—Continued. Page. | Aulacodiseus—Continued, Page. semicordatum ......------+++-2--+008 wee ATT lernatus.......- 22-2 ee ee eee eee eee 281 vomeriforme ........-------- be eeeeeeeee 478 A 278, 281 Asterodiscus......--.-2-.---2 020-22 e eee eee eee 273 tripartitus..... 022.0022 2 eee ee eee wees 281 Asterolampra....---------------++-++-+5- 272,273 | Aulacoseira ..... 222220002222 ee eee eee ee eee 236, 237 CUPACHNE . ce eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 273 | Auliscus ............-22.-22-202------ 260, 278, 281 brooke... 2.2... 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 274 caelatus ......20....0200 00202 e eee eee eee 282 CLEGQONS «2.222 eee eee eee eee eee 274 latecostata............2------------- 282 flabellata 2... 02-22-2222 0 20-00 e eee eee eee 275 strigillata....... 022. .02..-2---2- 2-2. 282 heplactis ........22 020.222 e eee eee eee 275 CONSLCUCLUS . oo eee ee eee 283 Nhexachis 2.2... e eee eee eee 27° WPOQOVTE ooo cee ee eee ee eee 282 NiltOniana ........2 0020. eee eee eee eee 275 hardmanianus..........-2.-.----------- 282 hookeril. ...20022-2 2220-002 e eee eee eee eee 275 insignis...........2-22..0-0-5 0-2-2 2eeeee ese yt 273 | JOYNSONT ooo cee eee eee eee 282 marylandica ......-.-....2----.--------- 273 | pruinosus.....0...22..2222..220-- 282, 283, 301 pelagica....... beeen cece eee cece eee eee 273 | PUNClUlUS oo 222 cece eee eee eee 283, 301 POPCTIONG . 2.22.2 eee eee eee eee eee 276 PUCEMOSUS 200 eee eee we ee eee ee eee 283 SOPLENATIUS. 00.622 eee ee eee eee eee 2738 PUNPSIUNUS. oo oe eee eee eee 306 shadboltiana .....-2..2.20220-00-0222005- 276 sculptus ...8..2..2.-2--2--------- gccceee y van heurckii ...-.-..---....-2.2.-----5- 277 smithti 0.022 eee cee eee eee ee variabilis .....-..- wee e cee ce eee reese 274,277 stockhardtii ........2.....0.22.00-22-05- Asteromphalus...........-...-.22---22-- 272, 278 0 Auricula.. 2.0.00... 222-202 eee eee eee eres arachne ....--.--.----- 2-02-22 27 BACHMAN. oo eee eee beaumontii.....-.-. bee e eee ence cece e ee eeee 274 CLOOPARPE oo eee ee nee eee eee brookei...........-22.------00-- ‘Lecce 274 PPAUCNS CLM . oe eee eee DUCKIL. 2 occ ee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 275 PROCHICONIOVO ooo cee cee eee eee eee Cuviertl oo... ccna ene eee ee eee eee eee 275 ViInIdiS C02. 0 eee ee ee eee ee debyi........--2-2. 2-0-2202 --22e eee eee 276 | Bucteriastrum............222 00.2 - eee 2 ele@ans.. 2.02222 e eee eee eee eee 4, 275 brevispinum. ...2. 222. eee ee eee flabellatus..........----..---------- 200+ 275 CUPVAEUMN 000 oo cee eee eee 2 heptactis .............----------+---- 274, 2756 PUPCOEUML. 0. oo ce eee ee eee eee 287 hiltonianus........-----------+-- beeeeee 275 SPLPiUM ooo ee eee eee . 288 hookerii ........----------2---+------- 274, 275 VUPIANS 20.20. eee eee eee eee eee eee 286, 287 humboldtii...... 02. ..2222--- 22-22 e ee eeee OT1,07h | Bactyrilobiwiai..... 000-222 oo eee eee eee 155 malleifor mis. .....2.222000025 0-222 eee 273 | Barbicria...........-.-- wee ee eee eee eee 137, 175. MAUCUS 02.0. c ence wee eee eee ee eee eee QT: pinnata .... 22.0.2. 2 ee eee eee eee eee 176 MANUS ....... 20022 222 e eee eee ee eee eee eee 276 0 Bathwium plantaginewin . 0.00... 20-. 20-22 +- 494 POUPSIANUS. 0.0 eee eee eee ee eee eee 274,275 | Bauhinia .........02...2.000. 0222-22 eee 136, 158 roperianus ....-....-----2-2+ee eee wee. 276 CONTUSA.. 022. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 97 senectus.........---.2.----------------- 274 divaricata ........222....222..22222----- 97 shadboltianus .......-----.----2-------- 276 voldmani.........2..--2.-222022-02---55 97 van heurckii....... cence eee eee ee eeeeeee 276 kappleri ..............-2-2-202+---+-- 133, 154 variabilis ..........-- bee eeeeeeeeeees 274,277 longiflora....2.....222.0. 2.222 e ee ee eee eee 97 wYVildi 2.222 cece eee eee eee eee cece scene 274 pauletia ............222.022..2-2-------- 154 Altheya ...--- wee een e cee e nee tesesesrerreees 283, tomentosa ....22-... 22... .2. 2222-2 eee eee 154 OCOVD 2 cece eee cece ee eee eens eeeeeee esd | Beaucarnea ......-.-..222202- 2-222 eee eee eee 87 Atropis .....-.- be eee ee eee cece ee eee ee eee eee . 3 guatemalensis ........---.-------5------ 88 Aulacodiscus........0220222002 eee ee eee eee 277,292 | inermis ......2...22--02- eee eee ee ee eee eee 88 es 278 | OCdIPUS 22.2. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 88 areolatus.....--- bee e eee cece eee 281 | pliabilis........0..2..-22--22---2------- 88, 89 becvEeride .. 2.2. e eee ee eee cece eee eee eens 281 | purpusi ........2.22-- 0222222 e eee eee eee 89 brownti 2 ..ccee cece ec eee ee eee cece ec eeeee 279 | recurvata ...... bec ene cece cece cceeeeeues 87, 89 CHASEL oo ce eee eee ee eee eee eee 278 | Oy) 86 OVUR ccc e cee cee eee ee eee eee eee 280, 281 stricta ......2..20-. eee eee eee eee ee eeee 89 ebyl. oo. eee eee eee ee eee eee 2980 | Beequerclia glomerulat@ . 22.2 0..2-2-2+02 22+ 467 kinkeri... 22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 279 | Benthamantha .........-----------.--+6---- 99 lunyacsehil. ......-...0- 22 eee eee eee eee ee 278 bicolor. 2.2.2.2. 2 ee eee eee eee eee 99 MOP GUPUACOUS «one eee eee eee ee eee 280 | edwardsii...........---2 2.0.2 eee eee eee 99 elongata....-... wee eee cece eee e eee 280 {rUutiCOSA. 2.2.2.6... eee e eee ee ee eee eee 99 kinkeri. 2.222... eee eee eee eee eee 279 | glandulosa ........--..-.0-2020200--0205- 99 MOUCTL 2. one ee eee eee eee seeeeeee 280 | TC 99 OTEGONENSIS. . 0.222 e eee eee ee eee eee 280 gpreenmanii..........2...-----2.----- 220s 99 OTEQONUS 2.020022 eee eee eee eee ee eeeeee-- 280 micrantha........-....2------ 2-22 eee eee 99 sparsius-punctald .-....-.--++++- . 278 MOllis .......0- 22-20 e eee ee eee ee eee eee 99 orientalis... 22-22-2200 2 02 eee ee eee eee -- 280, pumila ....- ween rea cere ennnneracewe neces 99 TACIOSUS 2.20 c eee n eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 281 sericea.....- wee eee eee eee eee eee nese - 99 TOGETSUL . 2 eee eee cece eee eee cee ee ene ee 277,281 | Bergonia ....-... cence eee cece cece reece cece 273 SCODET oe eeceececececeneseecereteeceneneee 281 ! Berkeleya.......... wee neneerersesdieenters 334, 360 512 INDEX. Page. Page Biddulphia.............. 284, 289, 208, 312,314,815 | Brittonamra ..... 2.0.06. 2 ee ee eee eee 99 alaskiensis...........2........02000- eee 298 | Bromusarvensis...............22-2-ceceeees 2 CQULEPRONS . oo ee cee ee ee eee eee ee 290 ASPEL . 0... eee eee eee 2 antediluviana ....................2220.. 299 erectus ...............22.2222--2--.------ 3 OPCLICH 00 ee ee eee eee 290 GENICULALUS. oe ce eee eee eee 4 aurita 2... 00.00... 0 cece eee eee eee 299, 360 GIGANLEUS oe ccc cece cece eee 38 | 306 INCYASSQEUS.. 2.222 ce eee eee eee ee 4 balaend ..... 2.222.222 022 eee eee eee 291, 298 ligustiCus ...0.0.0 2.0 c ce ee eee eee ce eee 4 DICOPNE 2 oo eee ee ee eee eee eee 301 UiVICUS Lo ccc cece eee eues a 5 biddulphiand......2...-2--.--22 222-2055 307 pendulinus.......... bene ee eee eee e eee 48 bifasciala .......-2-2-..--- Loeb eee eee eee 307 secalinus ..........222.2.2202.2.0222005: 1 biquadrata ................ vee eee eee eeee 300 SECUNAUS © 2.2 eee cee cece e eee 23 consimilis .............2.2...2. 22-22-02 300 sterilis........ eee 2 cormmuta.........-... 2222222 304 unioloides ......22.....02. 0022.0. c cece ee 42 culeitella ..... 2... eee eee eee $00 | Bucetum 2.2.0.2... cece cee eee 3 discigera.......22.2.. eee cece eee eee 308 CUMMINS 2. eee eee cee ne eee 3 dubia..... 22.2 eee eee 301 QIGANLEUM 6.022 cece cc eee nee 3 edwardsii ..........- 299, 801, 302, 307, 308, 309 lOLIACEUM 2. ce ce eee eee eee eee 3 elegantula......2..22-2.22.00...-20202-- 313 a 3 extensa....... 022022 eee eee eee $02 | Bulbostylis ...........00.0022.0.0000... 443, 469.459 fAVUS L200... 22. eee eee eee eee ee 2... 808, 308 eapillaris 2.00.0. 0.002. 000. ee eee eee 459 gladiorum ...........2.....22...2..000-.- 304 junciformis.................. becesaecens 459 QTONAIS cece cece eee ee eee eee eee 508, 3804 paradoxa. ........ 2.22 cee eee eee eee eee 459 eranulata ......22...20-02....00200-0. 305,310 | Bunch grass, Arizona...............2....2-4 6 grundleri.........2....222....2.2.... 305, 807 blue 22... 2.2 eee eee ee ee eens 6, 28 keeleyi ........ vec eateccececeneseseecees 305 | Bursera..... 2... eee eee ee 118, 118 levis ...........2222..2002. eee c cece ee eee 305 ed 118 luminosa ........2020...00000. cee eee eee 305 CEVASUPOU. ee ee eee 119 mobiliensis...............2.....22... 306, 304 a 119 ODLUSO. oa cee ee eee eee cece 301, 308, 309 elpechtand .... 02. cee cece cece eee 119 OVALS... 2... ee ee eee ee 306 PVAQUIS. oo eee ccc e eee 119 pacifica.... 2.2... eee eee 306 QACOUIAN . 2. ee cece ee ee 118, 119 papillata........ 2... eee 606 OVACHIS Lo. cece cee ee eee 119 parvula 2.2.22... ee Leen eee eee cece ec eee 296. grandifolia ........... voce ee eee eee eeee 119 polycanthos ....2..0 000-0 eee eee eee 301 GVAVEGIEUS. oe ee ee cee eee 119 primordialis .............220.2.2202.. 202, 307 a 118, 122 pulchella.....2.2.....2...-.2.22...02- 307, 305 heterophylla... 2.2.0. eee eee 119 quinquelocularis 2.0.0.2... 2-00220-0--- 307 hindseana thoifouid . 00.0.0. cee cee eee 121 reticulata... ..........2....02222-0205- 301, 308 JONCOSIL oe ec cece cece eee 119 POURCUIUM © eee eee eee eee ee- 294 karwinskii .. 0... 000 cece ee eee 119 rhombus........0....0.22..2000e eee eee 295 herberii ccc cee cee ccc cece eee eee 119 TODETESIANG. 0222. eee eee cece anes 308 et 120 roperiana..............2..... 298, 302, 308, 309 microphylla... 2... eee eee ee eee eee 120 SANSIDATICH 2.2.22 ee eee eee 3800 MOVELENSUS © ce eee eee 120 SCUNPIO. 222 ee eee eee eee ee 294 mullijuga ......- Lee eee cece cece ee ee eens 121 scutelum ........0...... 22 eee eee 309 121 septemlocularis.......22-.22.02222000-2-. 307 PALME E 6... eee ee ccc ee cece ee 121 setigera.. 2.0.2... .0. 02220 eee 309 QUADYOSCONS oc ee eee ec eee 119 OTN .....-2-22.2-2----- Meee cece ee 309 PANNOSE 26 c cc eee eee eee eee 121 shadboltiana ..............00 0.0.2.0... 310 de 121 SpiNOSa ... 22.2... eee eee 304, 309 SChAPNeCri 2.00.0. ee eee eee 122 subjuncta ...2...2.-2..022..0.0202.222-- 3it SChICHCANA ©... cee ee cee eee leeeee 122 tabellariwm..... 0.000.202. eee eee eee 296 sehlechtendanhld 0.0.0.0... cece cece eens 122 MrANSVETSA... 2.600202. eee eee 307 SESSULIPOTA. 002 eee eee cece eee 122 tridens 22.2... 2.0.0. 307 SUbMONMIPOTMUS «00.22 eee eee eee eee 122 trilocularis........2.02- 222222 e eee ee eee 307 tenuifolia .. 2.222.222 eee eeeeee cesses 122 turgida ...2.2. 2.22... eee eee ee eee $41 | Burseria quinmifera..... 2.02... Lee eecweeeee 118 WNIFASCIANG. ©2222 ee eee ee eee 307 | Caesalpinia .........22.0 22222. 136, 165 VESICULOBE 6.0. ee eee ee ee eee eee 299 bondue .. 2... eee eee eee 166, 167 Biophytum .......2-......002. 002220 eee 109, 116 Crista... 2. ee ee ee eee eee 166 dendroides .............20....2002.00--- 116 gilliesii..... 00220 ee ee 133, 166, 167 Black bead ..............0..000000 0202 cee eee 142 pulcherrima ............ 00... 133, 165, 166, 167 Bluegrass, English ............20....22000-- 6 S@piaria . 2... ee eee eee eee 166. 167 Brachypodium mexieanum.............--. 48 WALSONE oo ee eee cece eee ences 98 BrebissOnid . 2... ccc cece eee eee eee eee 334,360 | Cajanus.........2.....0.... eee cece e eee 140, 210 Brightwellia ................2..0...0 20 e eee 264 INGICUS 2... Lee eee cee cee eee 133, 211 INDEX. 513 Page. | Page Calceolaria humilis ........-2...2--.se0008- 125 | Canavalia—Continued. Calibanus ........--.--0-222- 02-0222 e eee eee 87,90 | Tusiospeyma, ween eee cence eee eweereceeees 210 caespitosus .............02-2--2--- 2222 90) Candollea ...... 22.222. 2 02 eee eee eee eee eee 486 Calliandra ..........-22-.-.----- 22 -e eee 135,148 9 Carex..... 2.2... 2.222 eee eee eee 468, 444 haematostoma.....-....-..-.-----++---+ 144 | cladostachya. ....2.....02220-eee eee eee 470 portoricensis...........2---...-220+++ 133, 143 | QUI oo ee cece cee nee eee eee ees 469 Calodiscus ...... 22-222. e eee ee eee eee 386 UPON lin. ccc cee eee eee eee eens 468 Calonets .......----.------ 2-2-2 eee eee eee 333, 343 SUSCOUNO. 2.0022 oe eee ee eee ee eee ee 469 Brevis 2... cee ee eee ee ee eee eee eee 339 hartwegii .. 00... cee eee eee 470 SOPMOSO 2. 2c ee eee eee ene 344 heptastachya .........2.2..22-2--- 2200s 468 rr 344 | herimuphrodita ... 00.2. .22-22200-20 eee ee 452 siliculd 2.022.002. eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 353. | jamesoni ......002...02-2 eee e eee eeee ue «6469 Calopogonium ............-----2-------+- 139, 206 gracilis ............0.222.-22202 eee 470 orthocarpum .............-----2+--e eee 206 | JONES Loe ce eee eee eee 468 CAlUStd 0. cee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 168 | jovis 0.2.2 eee cece eee eee nee 470 Calyptrocarya ......2.-.2.--2--0 222 eee eee 444,467 | ee 470 fragifera ......-...2-.2-0-2-0 02-200 eee 467 | pichinchensis ............-....------4-- 469 palmetto .......22226 2222 e ee eee eee 467 pittieri..... 2.222.202.2200 2-2-2 eee eee 469,470 Calyptrostylis fascicularis..........-++-++--- 463 polystachya .....2...2---2.-2-022 0222 eee 470 paniculala .......222202 00222 c cece eee ee 463 SUCHAPALG . ooo cece cece eee eee 469 Campeachy-wo0d .......-.---..--.0-2--e20+ 164 UNCINALE . 0. ee ee eee ee eee eee 468 Campechy Wood.............-..2222000-222= ee Or 136, 155 Camptosorus rhizophyllus........--....+--- 484 alata.... 0.2... eee eee eee eee ee 160 intermedius ...........------ 482, 484,490 arida ......2...2222200.00-- 22 ee ee eee 7 sibiricus ............-----.2-2--------- 482, 484 bauhinioides ...........2.....22----2008 98 Campylodiscus ..........-+.------+-------- 384, 386 bicapsularis ..........--...0-2--2---20 158 MOMULUS. eee eee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee ee 388 chamaecrista ..........00...-2 2222000 159, 162 AMDIQUUS 0.0.22 2022022 eee eee ee eee 388 demissa..... 22.2... eee eee eee cece eee 7 brightwellii.......-....-..+2.--2-2- 0-222 888 diphylla ........-......-22.------+--- 134, 161 centralis. ........--2------ eee ee eee eee eee 388 Gurangensis ......2.....---2.202-2 eee eee 98 concinnus.........---------- ee eee eee eee 386 emarginata ............2.--2--2---20 208s 160 CONMEQ™UUS ©. ...022022 20002 e eee eee eee 388 fistula. ...... 22.2220 2 2222 eee eee eee 138, 157 COSLAEUS. 0.0.22 eee eee ee eee ee eee eee 389 flowers .......02020...0----- 22-2000 -- eee 135, 145 crebrecostalus.... 2222-20000 2 2c eee eee eee 386 glandulosa .........--..---2-------++-- 162 ecelesianus .........--.-----------+-- 887.388 | goldmani..............-222202--200 ee eee 98 CYOSUS. cence cece eee c ence cece cece rece eee 388 grandis .........---.-.-----2-22-2- ee “138, 157 Penestvatus . 2.0.60 202000. e ee eee eee eee 387 laevigata .2........ 002.2. eee eee eee eee 158 galapagensis .........---------------++- 387 ligustrina.........222..--------------++- 159 hibernicus.........-202 000222 cence ee eee 389 mirabilis ...22....--2..-- 2-220 ee eee eee 162 horologium.......--2..-----+020+eeeees 38s nictitans.... 2.2... 2..0222 2 cee eee eee ee eee 162 imperidlis...22..0 .2 200 e eee eee ee eee 386 occidentalis ............- 2-22. 2-2-2 enone 159 kinkeri......-.....- eee ee eee eee eee ee 388 QUADVA. 02. ec ee eens 159 latus............-------------2-----2-6-- 388 polyantha ...........-2-+----------2++-- 98 lepidus.... 0.22. ee eee eee eee eee 388 polyphylla........... 0-225. 2 eee ee eee eee 160 lineatus ...........-2-222 222022 eee eee eee B86 | portoricensis ..........-----------++--+ 133, 161 MAVGINALUS 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 386 @allosa.........--2. 20-22 e ee eee eee 161 mediterraneus.....22.22.0 2222s B88 granulath...........22..------------ 161 noricus ........---------- 2-222 eee eee eee 389 quinquangulata ......2.2..2--.--.------ 158 orbicularis 0.22.00... -0000ee eee eee eee 388 stahlii ...........20.22------------55 133, 158 peramplus..... eee ee cece eee eee eee 387 18) 134, 159 a 38s voweliana. . 2.2... 0.2.2.2. eee eee eee eee 98 rabenhorstii ..... 0.2... 02222-22220 202522 B87. Cassie 2.0.0... 222 ee eee eee eee ee eee 145 radiatus .......---...-.-.-.-.-.---2-2---- 008 387 Castalia, key to Mexiean species ........-.- 9 SaMOECNSTS . 2.0.22 2202 386 ampla ......-..-. 202-22 eee ee eee eee eee 94 Sptralis 62.2.0. cece eee e eee eee e eee ee 384 | elegans . 2.2.2.2... 22 222 e eee eee eee eee 4 taeniatus ...........2.. 22222-22222 eee 389 | flAVA. lee eee ee eee eee eee eee 4 1denoides... 2.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee 387 gracilis .........2.....20-0- 222-2 eee eee eee o4 triumphans .......-22-+-2+--0---20 2222 388 MEXICAN 2.2... e eee eee eee ee eee 94 undulatus ..........2..-2-22- 2-20-2222 eee 388 odorata.....22. 22-2220. 220 e eee eee eee 95 WEISSMOGE . 200-22 eee ee eee eee eee eens 387 pringlei ............------------ 02-2 94 Campylonets 2.2.20. eee eee e eee eee eee 828 | Castellia ...-.. 2.222.222.2206 5 0 eee eee eee eee ee 4 OPGUE 2. 0c cee cence eee eee eee eee eee eee 331 tuberculata. 2.2.22. e eee eee ee ee eee ee eee 4 COSLAED 02 -ee ceee eee cence ee eee eee eee 829 | Catapodium.....--...----- 0. - 2 eee eee eens 3,5 a eee 329,330 | Cathormion .....-.-.---2-2--- eee eel ee eee ee ee 141 Campyloneurum repens.......------------- 490 | Centellaasiatica..........----.. 2020-2 ee eee 131 Canavalia.........-----. 222s eee eee eee eee 139, 209 | Centrosema .......-..------------+-++-+-- 139, 199 obtusifolia................02--222eee eee 210 plumieri.............-.---- 2-22-22 ee eee ee 200 514 INDEX. Centrosema—Continued. Page. | Cocconeis—Continued. Page. PUbeSCENS . 2.2... 2-22 eee eee eee eee 200 OP CEIC occ ec eee eee eee 329 virginianum........................-0-- 201 baldjikiana...........2....202200 0.22002. 328 angustifolium ..........22..20...065 201 A 330 Cephalocereus............-.-2--2--2.----0+- 83 Circumeincela . 2... eee eee eee eee 331 macrocephalus ..............22..2.0006- 83 COStALA. 2. eee eee eee eee 329 senilis ........22-2-2.-2-0-20-2220-2- 22 0-- 83 CUrvi-TOtUNdd 2.0... oe cee ec nce nee 331 Cephaloschoenus globosus.....2...-2-2+++-+++ 462 decipiens ...........2...-222-2-.-+--- 329, 330 MAPGINALUS oo... eee eee eee eee eee eee 462 MeMiCAhd 2. cee eee eee eee 330 Cerataulina bergonii ..........2.2.2.222--0-- 284 CiAPNANG 22... ee ene eee 330 CerQtaulus .. 220. ene cece eee eee ee eee eee 282, 298 dirupta -..........0..00200.00.220-2.00-- 330 bergontl . 00.20. eee oc eee cee eee 284 distams 2.2.0.0... 020.0002. eee eee eee 330 (YALAPAGensis . 2.222... eee eee ee eee 298 emmerici...........2-.....22222. 22-2002 382 A a 305 CXITAVAQANS ©... ee eee eee eee ee 829 TL 306 flexella .... 0.0.0.2 0 cece eee eee eee 331 PACiflCUs . 2.202. e eee cece eee eee 806 formosa ..........2--2-2-22 222222 eee eee 334 polymorphus .. 0.0... e eee eee eee 305 PULQUY 2 oe cc ce eee eee eee 329 turgidus .........-2.---- 22-2222 eee eee 311 grevillei ........2..2...0.222....22... 329, 381 COPreuS 2.0.0... cee eee eee eee eee ee eee 83 heteroidea. .................222--0-2---- 331 hollianus .......--.-.---------------- laa 83 émperaeria . 2.2.22. eee eee eeceee cece 329 pecten-aboriginum ..................... 84 Janisehti . 0.000.202 2 2. eee ce eeeeee i eeeee 329 stellatus 2.2... 22. ee ee eee 88 kerguelensis. ...............02222-00000- 329 weberi............ 2222200220202 020 2 eee 84 ee 331 Cestodiseus ..............-----2202-05- 246, 289, 292 NOLADULES Coo ce eee cee eee cee eee 331 CUNNAMOMEUM 2... 22222 eee eee eee 292 OCULUS-COME ooo cece cee ence eee 329 OUSCUPUS Coc cc eee een ee ence ee eee eee ee 256 pellucida ............2....2.220.. 331, 337, 332 TUMIQIUS 0... eee eee ee eee eee eee 256 pseudomarginata...........-2222.2--- 331, 832 Chaetoceros ........-.-2.-.----2------ 284, 285, 288 PUNCtAtissTIN .. 0-6 ccc cece eee eee eee eee 332 COBTCHALUS 00.0... eee eee eee eee ee 287 regalis.. 2.2.2.0 .2 222 eee eee eee eee eee 331 GidyMUS...... 2.022... 202 eee eee eee eee 287 T@QINA . 22... eee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee 329 fureatus .........2....02.222 202222022202 287 seutellum...... wee eee eee e eee eee 328, 330, 333 SS) 288 senegalensis ...........202...00020 220 eee 332 Varians .....2-2-2 222202 ee eee eee ee eee 288 SUING 2 eee cece ee cee eee eee eeeee 329 Chaetocyperus Niveus. ....2...2022 20. eee eee 456 SIGMOVACTIOANS. 0... c cece cece ee ween eee 329 POLYMOLPRUS oo ccc cece eee e ee 455, 456 SPOrsipUNnctAld oo... 22. cece eee eee eee ee 329, 380 PUQUIOSUS 2.2 eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 456 splendida........2....2.2...2..202 ee eee 332 UPCOOLMUS . 2.2 eee ee eee eee 456 trachytiCd 2.0.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee 828 Chactospora QlovOsd . 2... 2. ee ee ee ee 462 | Cocconema .............-...-.--- 360, 370, 371, 372 Chamepfistula oo... 0.2222 cee eee eee ee eee 155 CSPOTUM ooo eee eee cee eee eee 373 Cheilanthes aemula..........2--.2..---- 495, 196 COTNUTUMN 20222 e eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 373 microphylla ................-----2------ 496 CYMDIPOV ME. ee eee ee eee ee eee eee 37k peninsularis...........2....2.....2-- 496, 497 GOSLPOITES 6 ee eee eee 373 pringlei ........2....-2---2-2----+-2------ 497 innequale 22.2... 2c e ee 372 Chiotilla...........020.. 002222 2c S4, 126 kamtschatiea.......2.0..222-2--2--2-2--- 372 Chiquifin .........222...22.2220-.--2222------- 85 lanceclatum .... 22.20... 22.20... 0200000 373 Chloammitt. .. 0.000002 ne eee ee ee eee 3 | Coffee, Sudan........0....00..02..222222202- 159 Cistula... 222.222.2222 e eee eee ee B84 | Cojoba........... 2... e ee eee ee eee ee 142, 145, 150 lorenziana. 222.2222. eee eee ee eee 384 | Cojobana ...........2-.22.- 222-0 142, 145, 150 Clavieula. o.oo ee eee eee 825 | Cojobillo ...............2.-22.22. 222202 222- 144, 150 hinkerti oo. 02. ec eee eee eee B26 | Cojobo...... 2... eee eee eee eee cee eee ee 150 ClQVULIUM. 0 ne eee eee 170 | Colletonema ..... 2.0.0.6 00 eee ee ee 338, 360 Clematis rhodocarpa ....2....22.2.-2---224- 95 VIPTHUUUM . oe eee eee 361 0 95 | Cologania econgesta........0....2..22..-.---- 100 Climacosphenia ..............--22------22--- B25 Menmil 2.2... 0... eee eee eee 100 COMENE. ©2022 eee eee eee B25 grandiflora .......2...00.20..02222..0002- 100 elongata ..........-22..-2--2-..-----220--- B25 logzani 2.2.0... 200.220.000.222 e eee ee eee eee 100 Srawenfeldii 0.0.22 20.00 020002 825 tenuis 2.222... 2.222 ee 100 moniligera.........0....02--22-----222e- 326 | Comostemum sehottii o. 0.000.000.0002... e eee 450 Clitoria .....22.....0222-------.--------6- 189,198 | Condori ......22 200.022 ce eee ee 133 laurifolia ...22...0.000200020..22222222-- 199 | Conferva biddulphiana..... 0.00002 ee ee ee 307 rubiginosa..............022.0-22-- 2022 ee 199 ObLIQuata.. o.oo ee eee ee eee 312 ternatea...... 0.020.222.2202 22 222 eee moniliformis ................0..0.00000e 236 Coaxana ebracteata .......22..02222..-2----- Copal, Ameriean.........020 0.222020 eee ee eee 1338 Cobana .....2......22.0202-2-5--2---- 2222 ee Copaltic .........0.0..0.00200 222 e ee eee eee 183, 144 Coeconeis ...........22 2020005 Coral Wood 22... ........ 22000000222 e eee 208 MUP IACICH 20. ee ee eee eee 83 | Coralitas.........2..--....- eee c cece e eee eeee 150 AliONA. 2.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 882 | Corethrom 22... 22.22. .cc eee eee ee eee eee 287 ANliqua .......... 22 ee eee eee ee eee BAS | COTINNA.L cece ec cece ee eee ee eee eee eee 312 INDEX. Corinna—Continued. Page. CXCUVALD 222.2222 2 eee eee ee eee ee weseceee 313 COrOnid .....00000e ee eee eee cece ee eeeeeeeee 386 Corynella ........-----20.02e2 ee eee weeeees 187, 177 paucifolia ............----. eee eee eee wee LUG Coscinodiscus .............----22-+---- 2222+ 241, 245, 246, 260, 261, 264, 264, 265, 281, 316 africanus .........---.--------+---+- wee BAT TOtUunNdUs ......005- eee e cece eeeeeeeeee 247 apiculatus............ 222.220.2002 e ee eee 260 Appolints.. 0.2... -2.. eee eee eee eee weee 252 compacla...-..- cece eee eee eee eee 252 ATQUS 22.222. e eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 250, 260 asteromphalus............------- 24T, 248, 256 atlanticus ...... wee e eee cece eee e eee eee . 200 borealis .......-..------- seeeeeee ... BAS, 257 COSPILUS. co.cc eee eee eee eee eee seeeeeee 257 centralis......... wececees 247, 248, 249, 200, 256 cocconeiformis ........-....--2220 ee eee 248 commutlatus ....2.-2222222222020220 + wee. 249 CONCAVUS 22... 2-222 e eee eee eee eee 248, 249 OfViCde . 2.222... eee eee eee eee eee 248 COonCiINNUS ........-----22002 22 eee eee 249 CYASSUS......2.....------ cece eee eeeeee 258 curvatulus ............-......-- . 260, 255, 261 subocellatus ........-2+------+--+- --- 261 ehrenbergtl .....222-202 eee eee eee eee 253, elegans ......-. eee cece e eee cece eeeee elongatus......... aeeeee excentricusS ........2..-----.-+--- SOUGR 0. occ eee eee eee eee eee 258 fasciculatus .......-.-------+----e eee . 255, 259 fimbriatus ....-.....---. seen eee eeeeeeee 253 Jimbriatus-limbatus ........--+-++-+--++++++- 253 floridulus ............... 02222 ee eee eee ee 256 SOTAMENOSUS . ooo eee eee ee eee bee ee ee eee 254 fulguralis..........---....-2-.------+++- 255 SUSCUS ....- eee een twee ence e eee 261, 268 galapagensiS........-.-----.+--0-2++-00-- 252 QVIBCUS © cece eee eee cece eee eee eee vd2 galapagensis .....---2---+--2++-5225- 252 heteroporus...........----------- 250, 201, 252 kinkerianus .....0... 000200002222 eee 25 labyrinthus..... 22020002220 e ee eee eee 252 lentiginosus .......--------------+++- 253, 259 limbatus.......2-222.222--- 0225 beeeeeee 258, 254 lineatus..........--------------2 +0220 -- 253 MUPGOPiLACEUS . oe ee ee eee eee 251 marginatus......--- 246, LAT, Log, 255, 254, 248 intermedia ...0..ce ence eee e eee eee eee 254 submarginadt ......------ eee eee a. 26d MINOY . 2.200 wee eee cece eee ee eee eee 251 Minuens.....-..-------- 22 eee eee eee 200 MOSELEYL . oe eae eeee ence ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 249 nitidulus ..........-.------------ eeeeeeee vo+ Nitidus..... 00... eee eee eee ee eee weceees 254 nobilis ..... nate wee ceeeccccceee seeeeeee 206 nodulifer ....... wee e cece ee eee cence 2565, 258 normanni.......... eee cee eee eee eeee 255, 259 NOYMANNICUS 2.22 we eee eee ee eee eee eens 255, 25! obscurus...---..-- weeeeee aeececceceeeee- 206 flOVALIS . 000. e cece ee ee eee eeeeceeeeee 206 515 Soscinodiscus—Con tinued. Page. oculus-iridis .......--. cece eee . 247, 248, 256 lOCULIFCNA 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 206 variety ...... wee cece ee cece eee e cece 248 odontophorus ......-..-.......-- weeeeee 209 omphalanthus.......-.....----2.----- 247, 256 papuanus. ...... 2-2-2... eee ee eee eee eee 249 pentas............---------- eee e eee eeee 256 pustulatus......2........22.22---0 26+ wee 257 PYLidiCuUla oo... cee eee eee eee 265 radiatus ......... 28, 255, 257, 257, 258, 260, 316 heterostitt 0.0.2. eee eee eee eee 253 subaequalis pared ......22222. 0-20-22 258 TOQEUS ooo eee eee eee eee 255 robustus .........---- 246, 247, 252, 253, 254, 258 TnterMmedia .. 2.2 eee eee eee eee ee eee . 258, 254 rothii..............0-2-2---- 22 eee eee ee eee 259 scintillans eee. 2o0, 252, 258 simbirskianus.............----------- ..-. 258 0) ee cece cece wees ee eeeeeees 252 StEH Aris 2... 002.2 eee ee eee eee eee cece eeeee 256 SEViUtUs 22.02... eee eee eee eee eee eee 265 SUBCONCAUUS WIUJOP 2.0.22 ee eee eee eee eee 2538 subtilis 2.2.2.2... 246, 250, 257, 259, 259, 261, 264 subvelatus. 0.0.0 022022. 220200020 e ee eee eee BOS. symbolophorus .......---+------2 0222000 257 symmetricus ........------------- 251, 297, 259 scontaghit, oo... 0222 ee eee eee eee ee eee 250 tenuis... 222 ee ee eee eee 249 tuberculatus .............-----.--2--- 261, 263 . undulosus ... 2.2... 2222 eee ee eee eee ee 259 VUPIOIMLUS . 0022 e eee eee eee eee wee. 201 verecundus 259 woodwardii ...........--.2--2---+------ 260 CosmlodisCus 0.0... 0.2..002-2- 22022 eee eee 246 barbadensis .......2022-000 02-22 e eee eee 219 Cracea ....2...002200 0 eee eee ee eee eee 99, 137, 178 bicolor .. 0.02. ee ee ee ee eee SY muribaead . 2... 22. ee eee eee eee eee 138 CUWAPUSEE 02 en eee ee eee 99 Gabel... 22.02 e eee eee eee eee eee 99 GTOONINONEL. oon eee eee eee 99 micrantha. ......022 222.2 e ee ee eee eee 99 MOUS . 0 coe eee eee eee eee eee . 99 Craspedodiscus ......-.-..-----+-++- 240, 264, 272 CoscinOdiseus........--.2-.--2------- 264, 265 Pranklind 0.020222 eee eee eee eee 243 MiCrOUISCUS. 0.022. 0 ne eee eee 265 ODLONGQUS 000. oe ee ee eee eee 264 PUCldiCUld oo cece eee e ence cece cence eens 265 stella. cole. eee eee cee eee eee eens 242 Craticula ehrenberqit .....----20002- 252 eee 342 Crepidocarpus CUDERSIS. ©. 0-2 ...00. eee ee eee 460 Cresswell... 0.0 0c eee eee eee eee 244, 245 WNENULG oe nee eee ee eee eeee 245 Palmela 0.202. 2 ee eee eee eee e eee 245 Cur GQid . 0.2. e ee eee 245 Creswellid... 0020... 22 eee eee eee ee wee 245 CUPPIS 2 cee ee eee ee eee cece eee cece ee eeee 244 Crotalaria ..........----.---- ce eeeeeeeeee 136, 170 incana .....--.-2----+------ ce eeeeeeeeee 171 lotifolia ..........02.2. 2-2-0002 2-2 e eee 1i2 grandiflora ........--..- we eeeeccens 172 grandifolia .......-......- wee ee seen 172 retusa ..... once e eee e eee eee eee weeeeeee 71 sagittalis .......---.------+------- weeeee 171 stipularia .........---- wee eeees wee LUO Ctenopsis8........+ we eeecnee ce ceceesceaeneneee 4 516 INDEX. Ctenopsis—Continued, Page. | Cyperus—Continued. Page. POCUiNCU. 0. acc e cece cece eee cceneeees wees 4 | CLEGANLUIUS eee cence een e ees 447 Cuernecillo. 2.2... 2... eee eee eee eee 147 CUIOM ANUS 60. oe cee cece cc caaeeee 445 Cutandia ...... 2.2.2.2 c eee e cee eens 5 esculentus.......00...00... cece ee eee 450, 451 Cyclotella .............00....000. 240 241, 265, 267 SASCICULALUS 20 ccc eee ee 445 OMDIGUE 26... c eee ee cee ce eee 266 Ce wees. 454 MHMOANLCH ©... ee ee eee ee eee 266 SOPTUGINCUS 20 ee ee ce eee ee 461 Callasiana . 2... eee cee eee eee 266 flabelliformis.......2..002.00000.0..002. 448 TAMIA ooo ccc ec ec eee cece eecce ee) 6239 hortensis oo... 00 ee eee 418 TEQIND. 2. eee eee cece cece c eee 265 MAVESCENS oo eee --- 445 SEMENSTS ooo oo oe ec ce cence 266 Jlavomariseus peduncularis..... 2.022.005 453 Striata 22.2... 02 e ec ceeeeee 265 SUVESCORS 0 ooo ee c eee 450 stylorum .......2....000 00.0. e eee eee 266 QLAVCO8US. oe ee eee eee 450 transylvanica ..........22....22..020008 265 hamulatus. 00.0000 cece cece e eee 448 umbilicata 2.2.2.0... ee cee eee 239 hartti oo. cee eee 453 Cymatopleurd. ... 2.20.00 2000. eee eee eee 382, 384 hhaspan 2.2.22... eee ee ee eee 448 angulata . 0.22... ee eee eee 883 NEWUS. 2. cece cece eee ee 446 apiculatd . 2.00.2. 383 humboldtianus ..2.....02.002000 0002 e eee 446 CU PliCd 2.2... cee cee eee eee 383 humilis... 2.0.22 2 200000 eee eee ee eee 450 NIDEPNICH. . oo eee ee ee 383 intricato-ramosus .. 02... 22.2 00. cece eee. 446 PhoMbICA. .... 2. eee eee eee 383 JUDQCHOTUS 0. oe cence ee eee 454 MODINE 6... cc cece eee 383 2 454 BOLEU oo eee cece eee eee cece eee eee e eee 382 Oblusiflorus .... 00220. e ee cece eee 154 Cymatosira...... 0.200.000 2 0c eee eee eee ee 817 lagunetO. oo... eee cee cee cece eee 446 Cymbella. oe... 0c cece eee 265, 333, 871, 873, 377 ViGularis .0. cece eee eee cee eee eee 452 OSPONL ooo eee ee eee cece eee eee 373 lONGIPOUIUS Loe eee eee eee 449 UeMCUG 2. ee eee eee 372 lugulae 2... 222. cece eee 449 ehrenbergil 0.2.0 e eee eee eee 872 macrolepis .................-.....--.--- 450 PIGANED . 0.2 eee eee eee eee 873 MANUMOE. oe eee cece eee cence eee 40: kamtschatica ..........000020--0022-- a-- 372 MELANOSLACNYUS 6.0.02. eee eee eee 416 lanceolata... 2.00.00... 02222 e eee eee eee 337, 37% MINTMUS «oe ee eee cee eee eee ee 459 MACUL... 2.2 eee eee ee eeeeeeee 372 MONOSLUCHYUS ©... eee ee eee e eee 458 phoenicenteron . 02.20.00 occ eee 350 MUSE cece eee 452 turgidd 2.2.2.0... 0c eee eee eee 378 NUAUS oe ee ccc ee ee ee 448 CyMmbophord . 2.2... 002. e ec neeeeee 37 OCHraACEUS . 20.2... ee eee eee ee ee 450 Cynometra. .........2 20222222222 060 022 185, 151 OUOVALUS Looe. eee cee eee eee 454 portoricensis............2....-0...22. 133, 151 OUEVSIUNUS ©... eee e eee cece eee eee 446 Cyperus.... 2.22... 2 eee eee eee eee 443, 447 PICOUS. 00.2 eee eee eee cece cece eee * 446 QUCNOPNOPUS ... 0c 448 Ee 451 alternifolius......0.....0.0...2222-2000. 448 polycephalus . 2.2... 00202000022 eee eee 449 amabilis............000. 00.00 eee ee eee 450 prolixus .....0. 00.2222. e cece eee eee ee 5 QMPLiSSiMUs . o.oo eee 450 - propinquus .......00022222.--------0-- -. 446 APNYUS. 0.000 cee cee eee cee eee 448 pseudasphacelatus.......0.2..20.2...00-- 4538 apiculatus. 2.0.0... eee eee eee 452 radiatus ............02002..0000002 0-208. 450 OPGENEINUS ooo eee ee cee cece ee 446 VPONUUAL . 00 ee eee eee 452 articulatus 2.2.22... 0.2.20... c ce eee eeee 450 tenis. 2... ee cee eee 453 QPUNGINACEUS . 2.0 eee cee eee ee 161 rotundus 2... .2....0. 202... c cee ee eee eee 151 re 452 SULUPALUS 2.00 ee ee eee eee 453 QUYPOUS 206 ce eee 448, 450 seslerioides......... 020.2 eee eee eee ee 15 brevirddiauus. 0.00. 20.00. eee ee ee 153 SCLNCOUS. ee ee ec en eee eee 456 COMpPeCSIVIS. ooo eee eee 450 simplex ..........222... 0000222 e eee eee 449 Canus...........0 2222222000202 0 020 eee 448 SOVMIGUS 0. ec cc cece eee eee 419 CUTACASANUS . 0.2 eee ee 453 spectabilis Coarctatus .... 20.2.0. 002 22. 452 chorisanthus ................0202020-2 ee 449 sphacelatus ..............00.0 02.2.2... 449 CUMICINUS Lee cee ee ee 447 SUPIGOSUS . oe ee cece cece eee 453 COMPIessuS .... 2.0.0... 02 eee ee eee ee 449 surinamensis ........0 2...2222.0.0.. 449, 450 COPUPOULUS. 00 eee cence eee 452 tenerrimus .. 222.2222... 220222000002. 4458, 450 CuUspldatus 2... 448 thyrsiflOrus oo. 0.0 cece cece cece eee 452 CYMDACPOVMES 6.6L eee eee -, 448 (OLUCCENSIS 0... e eee eee 449 diandrus capitalus..... 00.00. 0 ee eee eee 446 lONdUTIANUS L. 0. eee ec ee eee 446 diffusus. 2.2.22... 020 cee eee 449 donduzii oo... eee ee ee 452 iSSHIMOTUS © 0.02 153 tONUIS. ee ee 453 distans ........ 2.2.0.0 0. e cece cece ee eee 450 OG 452 IVE GONE. 0. ee ccc eee eee eens 452 uneinatus 2.2.0... eee eee 448, 450 wrand tis. ccc ee eee eee eee 4 VAPTOEQQUUS. 2.0 eee eee ee eee 446 CPOUMLUS . 0.00 cece eee eee ees 4418 VITENS 2.00.02. 449, 450 EMVENDErGiONUS 6. o ee eee eee eee 452 VISCOBUS 2... eee e eee e ee wee eee eee enone 450 ClCQANS 1.0... ee eee eee eee eeee ees ceceee. 45 WAUTL occ cercen cece cence cece scenes eeee 448 INDEX. 517 Page Page. Cystopleura ........ wee e eee e enc eee cereenes 377 | Deanea—Continued. gibba ........0-0- eee ee eee eee cee eee 377 PULPULCA 22.02. eee eee eee eee ee ees 128 turgida .........------2-- 22 eee eee eee ee 307 tolucensis ..........2.--.-22--------eeee 128 Cytisus sessiliflorus..................---+-+- 175 tuberosa.... 2.2.2 eee eee eeeceee 129 Dactyliosolen .............-0-2- 20-022 eee 284) Debya ..... 222222022222 eee eee eee eee eee 269 Dalbergia .........-....--..-----. 6-0-5 138, 192_| Denticella .. 2.22.00... 0202 298, 304 hecastophyllum..............-.----+++- 192 QUE. oe ence eee 299 monetaria ............02025 20-2 eee eee 19: Diddulphid .... 2.2... cece eee eee eee 307 Dalea.....-.... cece eee eee eee eee ence ees 137, 178 QVQCIIS. ooo eee eee eee 300 OrgyVOStAChyS 2... ...-.0-20- eee eee eee eee 106 Mobiltensis . 2.2... e ee eee ee eee 306 berlandieri ...........--2.0-2--- 2022 eee eee 106 turgid@ ......022..0222-- bee e ee ee peceee 305, 311 CONESCONS 22 cece eee e eee ee nee eee eens 105 CANZIDATICH. ooo. cn eee eee 300 CILPLOD OPO. oo ca aee cee cee ence eee ee eeee 104 | Dentieula ...............-.-.-.-- $US, 325, 878, 382 Cli for diana .......220 22.2 eee ee eee 105 nicobarica ............ 22.2.2. 22-222 ee eee 519 CYANCA ...-. wee eee ee eee eee eee eee noes 105 tenuis... 22.22. eee eee eee 319 domingensis................2---++---055 Wi4 | Desmanthea ....-..-2-0 20.020 eee eee eee 148 erlophylla.. 22.2.2 eee eee eee eee ne 106 | Desmanthus..........2..2.....2---.-.---- 135, 148 CrYthOrhtzd. 2.0.00 eee e eee eee eee eee 105 virgatus .......... 222.22 eee eee eee eee 148 eysenhardtioides ............0-00200+2-- 104 strictus .....222... 20.0.2. cee ee eee 148 (MADCTIMG . 20.2 eee ee ee eee eee 103 | Desmanto amarillo .....22....---. --------- 149 Gracilis8......220.- eee cece cece eeeeeeeeeee 109 TAVACO 22... ee eee eee eee 148 TINCONSPICUM. 2.222.222 eee eee ee wee. 105 | Desmarerid ....2.. 22-002 e eee eee eee ee eee 3 INSLYNES . 2. cee cece cence ween eee eee 103 SICUIG coc ee eee c eee cence cece eee e eee e ee 3 laevigald .......2.22.2.20--5 05-22 eee eee 105 | Desmodium............2....222022000008- 137, 185 lasiostachyd ......202... 20000022 eee eee 107 adscendens ...........02.0 2.222 ee eee 134, 187 leucOstaChy8 . 2.00... 0 eee ee eee 104 albiflorum...... cece eee cece eeeeceeee 189 LEUCOSLOMG 0 0 ce ce ee eee eee 106 axillare .......2..2.02..0020002-22020-- 134, 188 0 105 aeutifolium 2.2... 2.222 ...222222-220 6 188 MICTOPRYUA «cece cece cece ence eee eens 106 angustatum .....0..0..20..02.2.0006 188 MUCTONGID 2.0.0 cece eee eee eee eee eee 104 obtusifoliola............ Lecce eee eens 188 WAVICULIPOUIE 0... eee ee eee eee 104 robustius .....20 02-2... ..2222 222222 188 a 105 sintenisii.................2. re.seee. TSD peclindld. sc... 22... eee eee eee eee eee 104 barbatum ......222.2..0222. 0022-2222. 134,187 PUUMOSE 6... eee eee eee 106 molle ......2..220.00000 000222 e eee 134, 190 a 104 scorpiurus ..... wee cece eee eee eee 191 psoralioides.. 0.2.2. .0222 020-2 ee eee eee 104 spirale ......2222.------ coe eee eee eee 190 Fy DL 106 SsupINUM .....222200--2200.2--- 22 eee 134, 189 POAMOSISSIMG 2.220.202.2220 eee ee ee eee 104, 106 angustifolium ............2-....---- 189 POVOLULG. © 222 eee ee nee eee eee 105 tortuOsuM ..........0... eee eee eee eee ee 190 SCOMONE 2. cee cece eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 106 triflorum .....2...2.....02....2-----6- 134, 187 SOPUCED coca cece cece cece cece cece cece eee eee 105 wydlerianum....... 22.02. 02222.2.000--6 189 trochilind .....2.2 2002202220 eee oe ee 104 | Diatoma. 2... 2.2.22. eee eee ee eee ee eee € 312,318, 319 tuberouata. . 0.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 104 CPCURLUM 2. oe ee ee eee eee 322 VOLUN oe ee eee eee 105 CUP TLUM 2 eee ee ee eee eee eee 299 DaASild 0.02. eee ee eee eee 3 biddulphiaqnum 2.2.0.2... 2000002222 e eee 307 CULNCW. cee cee cence ce cece eee eee 3,19 MNOPINUMN, oo eee 320 Dasylirion ...........00002200-.--- 02200 87,89 ODL Glin o.oo ee eee eee 312 acrotrichum .............-------------- So vesiculosum .......... 22.2.2 --222-eeeeee 299 berlandieri..........-2...2..----------- S89 | Diatomell . 2.0.2.2... 0.2202 one eee eee eee 319 CMCSpilOSUM 22... 2.222 ee eee eee 90) Diatoms, literature ....................--- 226-228 flexile .... 2.2222. eee 89 methods of separation and prepara- hartwegi ..........-...220-.-..0 000-0522 ee 85 LION. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 221-223 hartwegidnum.........2. 222 eee eee 90, 91 | nomenclature .........22..2------ 2 eee 227-229 glaucophyllum.........2.......------+- so | reasons for investigating ......... 224-226, 229 graminifolium ..........--------------- 89 yield of the Albatross voyages ....... 223-224 NOOK E oo cece www ee ne eee eee eee $5,87,90 | Dichomeris...-. grrr e tees seen eee e eee eens 316 ENOV IAS oo ceca cen e nee cee eee eee neers 88 BULLIES © ee cee eee ee eee 317 longissimum .........-.....--------+--- $9 | Dichromena .......-....-2-.-.-2.-22---2-- 443, 461 lucidum .....2-.222---2-.--000-- 2-22 eee 90 Ciliata .......2....2 20200002222 eee ee eee 461 pliabile 2.0.2.2. eee ee eee 89 vahliana .....22..2. 2222-22 22s eee 461 quadrangulatum ...........-----.--- 85, 86, 89 Jiliformis o. 0.0000 cece eeeeee 464 serratifolium ...............--.--------- s9 NOTVOS 602 eee ee 461 texanum ........- eee eee e eee eee eee Sd PUberd .. 00... cee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 462 wheeleri ...................------------ 89 MICTOCONPO. 2.2 eee eee eee eee eee 462 Dasylirium hartwegianum. .........--+--++++ 91 pulehella..............2..------22------ 461 Deanea arguta -....-....-..2. 0.02222 e eee eee 128 PUI oe eee eee eee eee eee 461 IONGIPS ....e eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 128 radicans............----2-.-22--2-ee eee 462 pringled ....-.00-2-e-e- eee eee eee eee --- 128 TODUSED. «222-2 eee eee eee eee ete eee -- 464 518 INDEX. Page. | Page Dichkied ....... 022.22 e eee e eee eee ween eceeee 333, 868 | Dolicholus—Continued. Dicladia oo. .c cece cece ee eee eee ee wee. 285,286 | pringlei ...............2...... eee eens . 101 MAMUMIANG 0... ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 288 teXANUS 22... eee eee 101 DiCUAIUM FOTO 0.6. e cece eee eee cen ee 454 vailiae. 0... 0... eee eee ec eee eee eee 101 Dictyocha sirius .........22.2..2222..22.000- 286 | Dolichos................ 022-2222 e eee eee 140, 219 Dictyoneis....... 20... cece e ee eee ee eee eee .. 834 lablab 2.2.2.0... 2222222 e ee cece ee eee 133, 220 Dictyopywis occ eee cee cece eee ween 244 | Donkinia 2.2.0... 0c e cece ecee 362, 863 Ct 244 COPING 6. eee eee cece eee 363 Dimeregramma ...................-- 325, B27, S78 VOCED 2. ce ee cee cc eee cece cece 363 inflatum.................20202200.020-000- 327 | Doryphora..........000 22. eee ee eee 360 MATINUM 2.2... ee eee eee eee 827 | Dragon’s blood, American. ................. 133 Dioclea ...... 2.0... 222 ee eee eee 189,209 | Drepanocarpus ..........-.-2...2.....00- 138, 1938 refleXd. 2.2.2... -2 0 eee eee eee 209 lunatus........... 002.2 e eee eee eee 193 Diplachne procera......-....--+- cee eeeeeeeee 47 | Drymoglossum ..........22. 0020.00. cece eee 486 Sh 29 heterophyllum ..............2.......2-- 486 Diplaziopsis . 2.2... .0..20 0000000002 e eee eee 482 | Drymondetes .. 2.0.0.0 2022 ec c eee eee 4 Diplazium .........2....222..0022..02--2 00 ee 481 | Dryoments plantaginea........00022..2205... 494 Gelitescens....... 2.2... ..02 2c cee ee eeee 497,508 | Dryopteris falciculata....0..22222202222.2.. 498 franconis ..................2022. 22002 488, 88 johnstoni ........2....22.00.0.0.220... 498, 499 oreophilum ....................-2--.4-- 488 latiuscula. 2.222.222 2.0.22 eee 498, 499 Diploneis 2.00.0... eee eee eee eee ee eee 833 oligophylla..... cece eee eee cece ences 489 adonis OMArUENSIS . 2.22... eee eee eee 836 patens ....... 22.20.02 222. 222222002222 eee 489 DOMDUS. 0. ee eee ee eee eee eee eee 338 pyramidata ...........00022..022. 489, 498, 499 CYADIO occ eee cee ee ene eee ee eee ee 3do TaAdICANS .......2020220-0-02. 00000. 490, 491, 492 PANMUVENG 0... c eee eee eee eee ee 341 refracta 2.2.2.2. 0 00.22 498 CidyYM . 022. eee eee eee 843 TEPlANS 2. .0022202-.000.- cece cece ee eeeee 490 GEMMA . 22 eee eee 344 S@ITA.. 22. eee 489 GeMMULALG 2... eee ee eee eee 346 serrulata.. 22.0... eee eee 491, 492 Ce | ne 844 SlOUNCE. 0.22 ee eee eee eee 489 NULESCONS coe ccc cee eee e cece eee eee 348 tetragona...... 222.2222 02 489 NOCADIIS 22... ee ec cece eee ee 349 wWardii 2.2.2.0... 2.02022 e eee eee eee 498 SMUUNEL 2 ec eee eee ee 354 | Dulce... 2... ee eee eee &3 splendid .. 2.0.20. . 2c cece ence e eee 857 | Dulichium..........2..0..0.2.0..0.200022. 443, 460 Subcincla. . 0... eee een cence 807 arundinaceum..............2.....- 202 461 vagabundd .........2 60.2225. Leen ee ee eeee 3b8 SPAthaCOUin o.oo eee eee ee eee 461 Discopled 60.00.00 cee eee ee ee ee ee 265,267 | Durandid.... 2.0.02 ee eee 467 CUM ANTICO Lo cee ees 266 MOACVOPHYUA . oe ee eee ec eee eee 467 SUNONSIS o.oo cece eee eee ee 266 | Eehcandia paniculata........02.22...222... n UMNDUICOLG ooo ce eee eee eee 239 reflexa 22.02... eee eee eee ts UNCUAIA. 00. ee ec eee eee 297 | Hehinella 2.2.2... 000 ce eee eee 325 DiSiPhONtG. 0. eee eee ee ol9 MONTMIGCN occ cece ccc cece ccc en eee cenee 825 Distichlis spicata............2.22...2.2. eee 42 Echinocactus flaveseens........2.2. 2.220005 83 DristoMoOmMISChUS o.oo ee 4 | grandis.............. Lecce cece cee eeeeee 126 CUHIGIUS Coo eee eee 4 grusonii...... 2... ee eee 84, 126 MYUPOS oo cece cece ccc ec cence cee nccewene 4 ingens......... wee eee eee eee eee eee 43, 84, 126 SCLUPOLES 2.2 ee nee ees 4 OrmMmatus.. 2.2.2.2. 2 22.2 84 subunighumis.......2020.--- wee cece eee 4 pilosus pringlei 2.0.2.0. 000020 20a 127 Ditylium. 2... wee eee eee eee eee eee 297 pringlet 2.2.0... 0.0.0.0. eee eee eee 124 ehrenbergii... cc... cece eee eee eeeeeeee 297 | TObUSUUS 2.2.0.0... 002000222202 e eee eee 83 BO] Loe cece ee ee ee eee 297 | turbiniforinis. 0000... 0 22 84 Ditylum ..2......0.. 20.222... 222222 eee 289, 296 VISNALA. 2. ee eee ee 126 a 297 | Elaphoglossum araz:cosum............0..0- 500 EnUPICAIUM 20. eee ee 297 palmeri... 2.0... 22.0 499 SO) 2079 petiolatum 2.2.0.0... 22022 5 (PIQONUM. 2-262 eee eee cee eee eee 297 tectum 222... eee eee 500 undulatum .... 0.2.22. 2 2 eee eee 2O7 | Hlaphrium aloecylon . 2.00.22. ee eee 118 Dolicholus ...............22...2.. “Lees 100, 211 bicolor . 6... eee eee eee 118 AMCTICANUS............0000002 022 e eee eee 101 CUNEMEUIN 6 cc cece ee eee eee 119 CUeTNAVACATIUS ......0022...0222 22 ee eee 101 OCXCEISUM ooo ee ee eee 119 iscolor 2.2.0... eee eee eee eee eee 101 SAGArPOIdES oo cee 119 hondurensis................2..22..-222-- 101 GVAVEMONS. oo cence ene ees 119 longeracemosus .......2.....-.0.-22202- 101 NindsCUNUM 0... eee ecco eee eee 121 macrocarpus ...........222..2.-2-.----- 101 JOPUNERBE ce cee wee 119 minimus.............020...2.0.22.00-. 100, 101 LAN CHPOLLUNL Coc cece eee eeeee 120 NCISONE 2... eee cee eee eee LOL | CANUPINOSUML 6 occ cence cece ee cee ee eees 120 nigropunctatus...........2..2...2...2-- 101 OVAUYJOLLUM ooo oe ec eee eee ee 121 precatorius....... wee eee eee cence eee 101 PONICMLUUM oe cece eee cece eee ence eee 12 Ee ee ee ee a = a INDEX. 519 Page Page. Elaphrium—Continued. TIUCAMPIG coca ccccecceeeece cece eee eee e eens 283 rhoifolium ....2.-222 22.02 eee ee eee eee 121 | Bunotia 2.2.2. eee eee ee cee eee 318, 871, 377 Eleocharis .......06.---0- 2-022 cere ee eeee 443, 454 0 377 acicularis................2220 cece ee eee 456 Ft 377 capitata ..........2. 22 eee eee eee ee 450 QVONUWIAUG 2... occ eee cece eee ene eee ees 377 chaetaria...........--.--.22-202202 2222 456 jastrabensts 2.0.2... 0.0. e eee eee eee eee 377 CONSLVICID 22. cece eee eee eee 457 libril€. 2... c cece eee eee eee eee eee eee 377 durandii................ 0222-22 e ee eee eee 456 lUrQidd 2... 22.2 e ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 377 geniculata.........-..----..----+-+----++ 457 WESLEPMOANGE. © 2. coe e eee eee eee 377 microcarpa.........----2--2--- eee eee eee 456 | Muodiad 2. .... 0.00. eee ee eee eee eee ee eee 316 minima......... 02... eee eee eee eee eee 456 GID 2.2 cee ee eee ee eee eee 317 montana .....-....---- 222-2222 - ee ee eee 457 hardmaniana ........-2--2202202 eee eee 316 mutata .... 2... eee ee eee eee eee 455 INOINQGG 2.20.2. ee eee ee eee eee eee ee 317 nodulosa ..........2.22222- eee eee eee 456 POCID. . cece cee cece eee cence eee eee 317 ochreata..........-2.-20-2.2 22 ee eee eens 455 VENETICOS . 22.2 eee eee ee eee eee eee 317 olivacea ......2--- 222-22 eee eee eee eee 455 | Eupleuria .......... donee cece e cece eee eee $28, 324 pachystyla ...........---2-2-20 eee ee eee 457 INCUTUALG 22.2.2 eee ee eee eee ee eee - 823 SOLACE. oo. eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 456 MOGID. . 2.02222 eee ee eee eee eee ve eeeeeees 324 suleata 2.0.22 2.2 2. eee ee eee eee eee 456 | Mupodiscus .........2--0-0-2- eee 260, 277, 278, 282 variegata..........eee eee ee eee eee eee 455 COUN QUS cece eee eee eee eee eee e ee eee eeee 277 laxiflora......2.....---2--- eee eee eee 455 baMeYi oe. eee eee ee eee eee 28] Eleogenus capitatus. .....----2.2+--0-202++-+° 456 barbadensis ........ 02.222. 2 eee eee eee 306 * NOdUlOsUs. ... 2222-2 ee eee ee eee 16 COMMULMIUS ©... ee ee eee 249 ENcyOneMma. 2.22. 222 222002 vi CPUSSUS eo oo eee eee eee eee ee 261 ENICtyQ. coc cece eee ne ee eee eee 246 CEXCENULPICUS 000 cece een eee eee eee e eens 201 MIUNOP see e eee eee eee eee ence eee 249 QGVEGOPIANUS 2 ee ee eee eee 263 OCOAMCN occ ce eee eee cece eee eee eters 249 dnlerpunclalus 2.2... 222 2020 cee eee eee ee 262 Entada ....2.......2-----.. 0022 e eee eee eee 135, 150 JONESIUNUS ©... Loe eee eee eee eee eee 249, 250 polyphylla ............--.+----------++- 150 CS 263 Entogonia.......-------------------eee eee 289 TOGOVSUE oe ee eee eee ee eee eee 281 Entomoneis .....00...-22 0202 --eeeeeeeee 308 SPOPSUS 2220.22 eee ee eee cee eee eee 263 Entopyla.......--....----------+-- eee eee B23, 324 SUDLES. Lo ee eee eee 263 nustralis..........---2.2--2-2 0-2-2 - -e eee bz: LESSCIULUS coc eee ee cee eee eee eee eee 264 COhnii. 2.2 ee eee B24 | Fabricia ..... wee ee eee eee eee cence eee neers 191 hungaricd......2-22.- 220-202 eee eee eee B24 | Fadyenia fadyenti.. 2.200.022.2222 - 2-22 eee 4y4 ENCUrVALG 2... 222 eee eee eee eee 32d hookeri..........--2..-22-----------0--- 484 Ephippiorrynchium polycephatiin. .....+-+-- 468 PrOlLfEr 222 eee ee eee eee eee 482, 484 Epithemias ...2222.0.0-0- 0022202 e eee eee eee 377 | Ferula tolucensis...... 022.2000 22 eee eee eee 128 SODA. . cece cece eee neers B78 | Fescue, red.........2--.222 22-22 ee eee eee eee 6 GEDDU. Loe cece eee ene ee eee eee 377 Sheep.....----- eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 6 granulat@....22.-.20-0 2022222 e eee eee 378 tall... 2... eee eee eee eee ee eee eens 6 hyndmannii ......----.---+ +2 eee 22+ - eee 378 | Festuca... 2... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 1,8 UDrile occ eee ee ene eee ee eee 378 ACULIMOTO 2... cence eee ee eee eee eee eee 41 turgida ....----02. 2222 eee eee eee 378 MEQUipaledld L222 cece eee cee e eee cee eee 44 VENITICOST . oo eee eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 3i7 CER 0 41 VEVIAGUS. eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 378 altaica .... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 6,7, 31 qwest€TMANth .... 2-02 e ee eee ee eee eee 378 AMDIQUE . 2.2.22. eee eee ee ee eee eee 36, 38 Eryngium altamiranoi ......--....--------- 129 CMETICUNG 02.22 e eee eee eee eee eee eee 33 beecheyanuMm ...........5------++--+--- 130 meth ystind. 0.0.2... eee wee ee eee eee 2,20 carlinae............2220-.602 222 ee eee 129, 150 ASPCTTUING 6.2202 ween ee ee eee eee eee 27 ConmfusuM ........... 02220002 eee eee 129, 150 amplissima........-2-------0-eeee eee ee * 46 leptopodum ....--...--..-------+2++-++- 130 UQUCLICH 2 eee cee eee ee ee eee eee ene 41 monocephalum......---.-.---2-+-2++++- 130 GIONAPIM «22. eee eee eee eee 23 serratum .........----- 22222 eee eee ee 130 aristulata..........--2. 0222-22 e eee eee 3u SP oe eee cece eee ee eee ete eee eee ees 130 parishi.......0 ..2--.-..------ sees Be Erythrina ..........---------+---+-+5+-++ 139, 202 COPTZONICH . 20 eece eneeeeeeeeeeeees 29 eorallodendron.........2...-----++++5+- 20: APUNAINUCE «22 - eee eee eee eee wee 34 grandiflora ........-.------+-++-+-+++ 203 CONPEVIM. 0 nn ee eee ee eee _ 38 glauca.... 22.2.2 eee eee eee eee ees 202 (sperrima. . 2.2.0.2 222222 eee ee eee eee eee 27 micropteryX ...-.-.2--.----2.-e2e ees 138, 208 DAMICH 0. ee ce eee ee eee 23 Fscambron ......-.----22-----02022 2 eect eee 194 bardbala .... 2... eee eee eee eee 23 ColoradO. 2.2... 2-222 0222 eee eee eee eee 142 DICOINIES 0. eee ee eee eee 41 Eschatogramme........-.--.----+e+ eee ees 486 borealis 222.222. - eee eee eee eee 42 furcata .....---22-26 02.22 eee ee eee eee 486 brachyphyll ...2... 2-202 nese eee eee eee 27 Escontria..... errr rr rrr ss 125 brevifolid. .. 2... 0-2 eee eee eee eee eee 27, 42 chiotilla......-..---...-------+---++--- 83, 126 bromoides .........-2.-------+---2 0005 3,4, 18 Ethmodiscus 2.202. --0220 cece eee e eee ee renee 246 californica ....... 2-2-0 0-220 22 e eee ee eee 32 | 520 INDEX. Festuca—Continued, Page. | Festuca—Continued. Page. COMPECSUTES co cn cece ccccneceecccccccacceee 32 microstachys ............2.2--00.. 7,12, 15,16 COPULU cece cee ccc ee eee eeeeeeeeeces see 27 Ee 13 CAPOUNIANG . 2.222. cece ee eeeeeeeee wees 42 mirabilis .......... 000.0... cc eee ee 47 carpathica.......... cece eee eee ceceeeeee | MONANAIG 2.22. cee eee ee eee 3,19 COPACED «2.0 ee eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 42 multiculmis . 0.0... eee cee cece eee 44 Ciliata ...... eee eee eee 4 multiflora... 2.0222 eee cece eee cece 22, 42 ClANESUING 2.0.22 e ee eee ee eee eeee aes 42 MUPAUIS 0.0. ee cee eee eee 16,17 confinis....... we eee cece cece ence neeee 7,40 MYyuros. 2.222.222.2020 00020200200- 2,3,4,7, 16,43 rabiosa ..........2.02.... 00022 41 hirsut@. 2.02. eee eee 7 CONLUSA... 0.2... ee ee eee eee eee a «6S NCOGUED 6... eee eee cece eee eee 12 Et seeeeeee - 2 NETVOSA 22... .22.. 2222 fee eee eee eee 42 dasyclada ............0.. 0.000000 7,37 NULANS © 0. e eee eee eee wee. 7,84 CECUMDENS .... cece cence cece eee eee eee 2,42 GONNBONE 60 eee eee ee 35 Melawaricd . 2... e eee cee eee sees 41 Cy 32, 35 denticulata..... weeeeeee eee c cece eeeweees 36 palustris 2.0.0... eee eee eeeee 34 descriptive terms.............2..20.0005 8 short’ ....... wae eee eee cece een eee 35 kt 42 NUL AMIANA. 0... eee eee eee 42 CE cee 42 ODUUSA.. eee e eee cece ee ccecee eee 34 distichophylla . 2.22.02... 2222200002 c eee 12 Ok 42,48 distribution -.............2.0.0.0002.0.. 5 occidentalis ......... cece cece eee es eens 2 UMELOTUNG. occa ee cece cece cence eee 23 Ooctoflora 2.2.2... cece eee eee eee 6,7, 11,42 CUPiUSCULD . cece eee eee eee ce eees 2,27 aristulata 0.00.00 ccc ee cece ee spl SUDVULOS Looe cece cee cee eee eee 23 hirtella.. 2.2... eee 12,43 castWoodae........0.0 2.22 eee eee ee ee 16 en cece cece eee ence 2 economic importance . 2.0... ...2...22-- 6 OFEGONd 2.2.2.5. wee eee eee cece eee 2 elation ...........02000.222.. 2e eee 2,3, 6,7, 5 OVQUQUIS. Looe ce eee cee ee ee 47 arundinacea....0...20 02.2. eee 7,3 OVINA ....... eee eee 1,2,6,7, 25 pratensis... eee ce eee eee 6,7 arizonica ........ cece cece cece eee 6, 29, 48 elmerl........... wee eee cece eee eee 37 borderti..... 0.0.2 cece ee eee 2 luxurians..............22.-222..2--- 38 brachyphylla.........00... cee veeeee 2 eriolepis ...........0......020--205, sense lt brevifolid.. 20. cece ccc cee eee 27 Saseteularts 00.0.2 eee ce cece ce eee 42,48 > calligera.......2.. 00000222 27 SfiliformMmis .. 0.20.2 eee cee e cece eee ences 12 capilata.. 2... P 27 Sluitans ..... eee eee ee eee ee eee eens 2,8, 42 columbiand 22.20.0222... o eee eee 28 JOUINLETIONG «occ cece eee cece cece 4s duriuseula .......0 022202002 20, 27 fratercula........2..0...0 222.0022 e ee - 89,46 elliptica 2.2.2... 000200000200 43 pigantea ........2222 022 2,3,4, 58 glaucescens ..... eee cece cece ee eeee 22 NADIA cece ccc eee eee cece cece ee 1] hispidula .. 2.2... ..2 2. eee eee eee 26 glaucescens .........0.000.0.200. 0. ee eee v2 ingrata....... 00202. .22 eee 6,20, 28 (HAUCESCENS. 2.22020. eee eee ee eee eee eee 22 OVOYONG . 2.22 eee ee ee eee 28 gracilenta ....... cee tee eee eee e eee e cence 11 polyphyla oo... cece ec cee eee eee 24 gracillima........0..000 02.0222 2 eee .- 30 psammophila ....2. 2.220200 e ee. 30 DANIO Loo oc ce ee eee eee eee 42,46 pseudovina......... wee eee eee eee 27 QVAYL .. 22. eee eee eee 14 sciaphila .................00.22.002. 26 Nallii se... eee 7,3 suleata 2.2.2... 00 eee eee eee 28 hephaestophila............... wee eeeee ee supina.. 2.2.2.0. eee 27 history of genus.............0..2..-22.-- 1,4 trachyphylla 2.00.0 0c eee ee .. 20 howellil................ wee cece ee eee eee 30 vaginata.. 2... 30 idahoensi8 .....2.22. 00002 eee ee 28 valesinca 22.02.0200 22. eee eee ee 28 illustrations ................022...02222. 7 Vivipara...... 2.2.20 eee eee 21,26 johnsoni..........0000200..0220220202028. 35 vulgaris ........... eee eee e cence eee 25 JONESUE ooo cece eee ee cece cece eee 7, 24,39 pacifica..... 2.2... 7,12, 43 CONPOTIA. 0. cece ec eee eee 38 ParviflOrd 0.0.2.0 occ eee eee eee 11 kalmoe aristulatus 2.2.22... ate eee e eee 32 pauciflora .... 22.22.22 24 kimgiana .......... cette ee cee ee 41 pectinella .......00 0000.02.02 2 22. eeeeeee 4 kingli .....2222--- cece ee eee eee eee ee eee - 7,41 PENdUURG. 20.0 cee eee cece eeee 48 hitaibeliana 2.0.0.0... 022002 eee 23 GS 48 lachenalii ...........2...002000202.000.2. 3 podeoides 2.0.2.6... cee eee ee eee ee eee eee 33 LANUGINOSA . 0. cece ee eee ee eee eee 23 CMETICUNG 2.22. eee cee eee 68 liebmanni.................02.4. eeeeeeee 4c POlystAChyO ooo. c cece cece cee cece eee 42 livida..............00022 002 cee eee ---- 5,46 PVALENSIS oe eee eee 6, 38 loliaced .. 2.22. ee ee ec ee eee 3 procera....... vtec e cence eee ee eeee ceeeee 47 macrostachya ..-..-... seeeeeee ‘eee e eee 42 © procumbens . 2.00... eee eee eee 42 maritima ...... eee ee eee eee e ee eee eee eee 2,4 prostvatd. .. 0... cee ee eee eee 42 megalura .........002.02222 eee eee ee eee 17,43 pseudoduriuscula ..........-- se eeeeeaee 41 MEXICANA carensecencceccn settee wewee 40,48 PUDESCENS oo... cece ec eens ace e eee ee eee nee 23 INDEX. 521 Festuca—Continued. Page. PUPPUIP 6.2.2 cece cence cee ee eee eee 42 pusilla... 2... eee eee ene eee eee eee 11 quadriflora ............20...2222.220-26- 19,19 refl@Xa.. 2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee ee 15 richardsoni ......222.22202 222 eee ee ee eee 23 TIVESCENS..... 20.0222. eee eee eee eee 1,7, 29 PIGid . 2.20. eee eee eee ee eee 42 POSC] . 22.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 45 TUDTA 2.22... eee eee eee eee eee 1,2,6,7, 20 AVONAVIA . 2222 eee ee ee eee eee 23 barbala ........--.-----. e+ -- ee eee eee 23 densiuscula ...............----2----- 22 diversifolia...2.2..22..0. 000 eee eee eee 21 fallax .....0 2.22 ee eee eee cece eee eee 20 QlQUCESCENS 2.22.60 eee eee eee eee 7,22 glaucodea..........-.2..-22-0+000+- 243 QVANIlONG 0.2.2. eee eee eee ee eee 21 heterophylla... 20.2202 cece eee eee ee 24 kitaibeliana ...........2.2-.2...--- 23, 41 lanuginosa ............22----------- 25 littoralis 2.00.0... cee ace e ee eee ee 22 longiseld ........- 22-22-2222 eee eee 2 megastachys...........-...-.------- 21 multiflora ...........-. .2..------e- 22 PAUciflOrd. . 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 45 prolifera..........22.2.2-...0------ 21, 26 pruinosa...........--. Lene ee ee eeee 22 PUDESCONS . 02-2220 e eee eee eee eee 23 SECUNUA. 0.22.2 ee eee ee ee eee ee eens 2 SUDVINOS 2.0222 ee eee eee eee 23 trichophylla.......2....-......----- 2 VIUOSA 2.0 ee eee eee eee 23 SCODI — 0... ce eee eee eee eee eee eee 48 seabrella .......0-.-50-. 02-2 e eee eee 7,31 MAJOM 2... eee eee eee eee 32 VASEYONG. . 20 eee eee eee eee eee eee 29 BL 26 SCLUL@R 2.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 3,7, 19 SCLMCOED 2.0 ee ee eee eee ee 11 shortii......2....2-....2--2--02.2.------ 7,30 SPICUI. 02222 eee eee ee eee eee 42 subulata ..........-....--2.--------5- 7,24,39 subuliflora...........2.--2.2..--22-.----- 36 SUPING . eee een ence eee eee eee eee ee 27 sylvaticn obtusa 2.0.0.2 0 2... e eee eee eee 3d tenella... 4.222.222 - +s pc eee eee 3,11 QMAUCH oo cee ee eee eee eee 11 lenulfOlid 2.22 eee ee eee eee eee 27 TOXMNA 2... Lee ee eee eee eee eee 35,41 thurberi .........-----------22-2-- +--+ 33 tolucensis.........-....----+-0-------0-- 44 triticéa....-. 022-2222 eee eee wee e eee eeeee 42 triticoides .. 00.2.2... 22 eee eee eee 42 tuberculosa...........2.002. 020020200228 4 unilateralis........-.-...----.-.--+------- 3 UNIOLOIUES... 02 ee ee eee 42 VASCYONG. 0.0.0 e eee eee ee eee ee eee 29 versuta .......0.0.002 002222 eee eee eee eee By) VULUMOVE 60 cece eee eee cee eee 41 VIMOSA. 22.2 ee eee eee 23 VITQUIA. 2.2. ee ees wee. 42,45 viridula..........22..-0-2----000-0055- 6,7, 30 VIVIPANE 2.222222 eee eee 26 WOSONE 0.2.0 cece eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 41 willdenowiana........-..-.--...------- 45 Festucaria .......66+- ace eeeseeeennee enerssce 3 PStlONtha.. ..ccccaccceececees weeseneevecen 3 . Festucaria—Continued., Page. lenwiculd. .......-0.2 22 eee eee eee eee 3 Fimbristylis ........-2..2.2222.22-22-22.. 443, 457 COpularis ...--2. 22-222 ee ee ee ee eee eee 459 Castanea.........----222 2-22 eee ee ee eee eee 458 COMMUNES ooo oe ee cee ee eee ee 458 CYUINAVICE. 2202. ee eee eee eee eee eee 458 diphylla....-..-....---- Lecce eee eee eeeee 458 LUV Loe ee eee ee eee 458 miliacea . 22.2... eee ee eee ee eee eee 458 monostach ya... 2... eee eee ee eee ee eee 458 pentastACh YO... 2... e cece cee eee eee ee eee 458 POLYMONDPN 20... eee eee eee eee 458 preslil ......2.....0-222.020-.200 22200005 458 spadicea. 2.2... .22-20 22222. e eee eee eee 458 suledl@......2..2--- eee ee eee 456 Flamboyan...........0000 00.0 e ee eee ee eee ee 143 Folia cassiae herpetica..................2.. 160 SCNNAC........---2 22-22 e ee eee ee eee eee 159 Fouquieria campanulata...........2..2224. 85 fasciculata ..........2-22. 2c ee eee eee eee 84 fOrmosa ........-22222-22 02 eee eee eee eee 85 macdougalii............--.----+-------- 85 peninsularis..........-2..-22--200- 22 eee 85 SPINOSA .. 2.222. eee eee eee eee eee eee 84 PVAQGdav iG ooo c ec ccc eee e ee ence eee 319 JOSCIUUG 202 e ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 320 latruscularia .... 2.022222 2 222 e ee eee eee ee 320 Frustulia .......- 333, 334, 359, 362, 371, 373, 377, 382 CUSPHUQLD 2 occ eee eee eee eee eee . 341 CT 346 CC 348 Quinquepunclald .. 22.2. ee eee ee eeee eee 382, 385 Phomboides. 2... 0.200022 e eee eee eee eee 360 SUMONICH, . oe eee ee ee eee eee tee 361 COVPOCED 2. cece ee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 361 VIPICIS oo. eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee 359 VINAUC. oo cc ee ee cee eee 361 Fuirena..............-2-2-------2 22-2 eee 443, 460 umbellata ........--2-2-0.2.--2-+-+------ 460 Gdillonella 2.222222. 2 eee eee eee eee eee eee 236 Galactia ..........2..-.22----2---- eee eee 139, 206 GCUpPUlCONSIS .o 222 e eee eee eee eee eee eee 102 brachystachys .......-- 20-2222 e eee eee ee 102 dubia.........2---- 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 207 ehrenbergii........----.------------ 207 guanicensis....-.........-.22-.206- 207 galactia .............2..------------ 222: 102 WMUUIOV . oe ee ee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 102 PONMULC, occ e cence eee e ence eee eee ee eens 102 striata ....2........2--2.0-----2--------- 208 berteriana ...2--.-..- eee eee e ee eee ee 208 tomentosa .....2.....222-2020222--0- 208 WVIGhtts . 0 eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 102 GAUIONCUG . 2. eee ee eee ee eee ee ee eee 236 a 236 NUMMUIOIUES. 0.22 ee eee eee ee eee eee 236 OCULUS. 02 ee ee eee eee eee 239 punetata .......---..---2 20-2222 eee eee 240 PUNCtiGer . 2.22. cece eee cece eee ee eeee 240 a 239 SULCAHE 2 oe eee ee ee eee eens 239 UNAUALD . ooo ee eee eee eee 240 Geotilla ........---- 22-22 eee eee eee eee 84, 126 Gephyria .......---------2+----------- eee $23, 324 CONSEVPICLU 22.0 ce ee ee eee eee eee eee 324 GIGANED aces cece eee n eee e ence eee eee eee 324 incurvata .....--e000 eee oanneesecccscse 324 —_—_— 522 INDEX. Gephyria—Continued. Page. | Gyrosigma—Continued. Page. Media 2.2... Lecce eee eee eee eee eee 324 intermedium................ eeeeeeeeees 364 Geranium bellum ....-.2...---2.-2---2--+06- 108 Jatum . 2. eee cee cee eee 363 lozani......... 200222 e eee eee eee eee ee wees 108 littorale 2.2.2.0... 20. eee eee eee eee 363 pringlei........ 22.22.22. eee eee eee eee 109 normanii... 22.2.2. eee eee eee eee 364 schiedeanum ...........-2..---2200e eens 108 rigidum ................-.0220--0-0-- 365, 366 Gliricidia .............2..-222.-2-222-2--- 137, 176 Sagittal... 0... ee eee cee eee 365 sepiuM........ 200.22. eee eee eee eee 176 speciosum 2... ........ 00022 eee eee eee 366 MACUIALA 0.0... ee eee eee ee ee eee eee 176 thuringicum ...................2222000- 366 GUYCOTID. 000 ee eee eee ee eee ee eee 5 | Haematoxylum.................---2----- 136, 164 Glycine precatorid. .... 22.2... 222 eee eee eee 101 campecheanum.........-...--22-.--- 133, 164 Glyphodesmis ....... beeen eee eee eee eens 325,827 | Halionyt.... 2.22.22. 2 eee eee eee 269 Gomphonei8..... 2-2-2022 2 cee eee eee eee 370 DISONAVLUS. © 2. cee eee eee cece ee eee eee 271 hevewuleana 2.2220. e ee eee eee eee eee 370 UNAONANTUS ©0222 eee eee ee * oceeeeees 271 MAMA, . 202. eee eee eee eee eee 370 VICENAVLUS. eee eee eee 270 GOMPNONENG 6.0.0 cece c eee eee cence cece eee S870 | Hantzschia. 2.22... 20 00020 e ee cee eee eee 378 Gomphonema........--....-.----+++--+-- 370,371 | QMPHiONYS 2.022022 eee eee eee eee eee 379 capitatum herculaneum......-...2+222--+ a7 | Hediondilla .. 2.0.2.0... 00.0... 2e eee eee eee 146 gracile naviculoides 2.2... cece cece eee B87 | Hegetschwetler@ oo... cee ee eee eee eee 191 herculeanum ........2......-2.-2002-06- 370 | Heleocharis albivaginala ........02202.0.00--. 455 lanceolatum.................-....20-- 378, 373 | COUP. occ cc cee ee eee eee eee 457 mammilla ........22.....2. 22222 2..2 00 ee 370 | COSLANICONSES. ooo ee ce eee eee eee 457 MAXIMUM 2. eee eee eee eee eee 370 CMAVGINALD 2c cece cee eee eee eee ee 457 naviculoides..............22-22.-00--205- 337 pittierd 0.2... cece eee eee eee nee eeeeees 455 OPEQONICUM oa cece cece ee ee eee eee e eee eee 37 | purpurco-vaginala . 0.2.2... 22.2222 eee 457 MALINUM 2. ee eee eee eee eee 370 POUCRIANE 2.0.2 ee eee eee eee 457 Goniophlebium ampliatum ......2...222.-- 492 triflOVd 0... e eee ee eee eee eee eee 456 Goniopteris pyramidata ..........222-0--2-+- 189 Heliopell.. 2... ee cece eee eee eee 269 TOPLANS. 222 eee cee eee eee eee A490 | Hellerid. ce. eee ee eee eee eee wee e cence eee 5 Gontothectum ......0..22. 0022 eee eens 285, 286, 316 livid 0.00. cece ee eee eee eee ee eee 46 ANQUIUS 2.0.2 ee eee cece eee ee eee 817) Hemiaulus .........2020......00..04. 289, 312, 315 OMONKEUG . 0.0 ese eee ee eee eee 288 | ONEAVCHOD 2. oo eee eee eee eee eee eee 313 CC 119 | POlASlfOVMIS occ cee cece cece cence eee ees 313 Gouinia polygama ..... .....----.----.----- 48 polycistinorum .............2...220-200- 59 Grammatophora....2........22222 eee eee eee 319 POlYMONPhUS 0.22. ce eee eee eee ee eee: bli CMDIGUE 2222 e ee eee eee tees 320 | Hemicarpha subsquarrosd .....--...2.2..2--. 460 arctiCa... 22.22.22. eee ee eee eee eee eee BIO | Hemidesma 2.0.0.2. c eee ecw eee e eee eee 148 DINAVENSIS oo. ee eee eee 320 | Hemidictyum .................2...-22--008- 482 fTEXUOSA eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 319 | Hemidiscus..............2.22.2--022-222000- 316 lyrata 2.2.2... lee eee eee ee eee 319 cunciformis...........22..222...2.0-- 316,317 macilenta ..........2..0.222 cece ee ee eee 320 hardmanianus..............0.....2.00-- 316 MATING 22.22 eee eee eee eee eee 320 TCCUUS 22.0.2. ee eee eee eee eee eee 317 MAXIMA .... LL eee ee eee ee eee 320 VeNLTICOSUS . 2. ee eee eee eee eee 317 QINDIQ“™UA Loc cece ween cence eee eeee 320 | Hemiptychus ..................2..-..-2-- 247, 266 mexicana ....-....---. 2222 eee eee eee eee 320 | ehrenbergii...........-22-....-0222-000- 267 OC@ANICA.... 22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 320. | indicus .........2.....00002..0--00 eee ee 267 ovalauensis............00000ee cece eee ee 320 | OMALUS ....22 2222 eee eee ee eee Aececeee 267 PATA 2... ec cee ee eee eee 820,321 | Hercothect ........2....20 2-2 eee eee 285 stricta .......2..22..222..2--2---- 320, 319,321 | Hesperochloa, subgenus..................-. 10, 40 CS sence 320 | Heterostephania ....... 0.022 e eee ce eee 246 tabellarvid. 2.2... cece cece eee eee 320 | Himantidium .....2.......2.202....02.22.--- 371 undulata ...............02e0 ee eee eee eee 319 | Hoffmanseggia arida............--2..-2 000 98 Graphephorum arundinaceum............. 42 VOCUS Co cee cee cece cee eee ween eee 98 festucaceum...........22.-2222.2.0.262- 42 stricta 2.2.22. eee eee eee ee cee eee eee 98 GPUNOWIA. ooo eee cee eee cence eeeeceeeee. 378 WaAtsONL. 2... ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 98 GYYMAIE 00 eee eee 297 | Holodictyum ....... 22.2.2... 202 eee cece 481 Guaba .........- 2-0 eee eee eee eee ee 141 finekii ... 22.22.22 eee eee eee eee 482,508 GUAM 2.0.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 141 ghiesbreghtii...2......2......00....000- 182 GUAVA .... 2-222. eee eee eee eee eee 141 | Hyalodiscus .......-.-2.....-- 287, 240, 241, 260, 264 Guinardia ..... 222... e eee eee eee eee 284 SVOMKUNG 000 ce eee ene 243 Maccida 2... cee eee eee eee eee ee eee 284 MACHIALUS. .. 2 eee eee ee eee eee 242 Gyrosigma......2.--..-2---. 2-0-2222 2-eee 362, 363 StEUIGOD 0c eee en eee eee 242, 262 acuminatum ...................2-...2-- 363 SUDLITES 0 eee eee cece 241, 243 aestuarii... 22... 2. eee eee eee B6t Hydrocotyle sp ...... 2.22.22... 22222 eee eee 131 OfINE. 0 eee eee eee eee eee ee 363 | Hydrosera ... 22.2.0... 02.0022 ee eee 289, 314 formosum.................-------+-- 364, 366 DOPYONG. 0.0 cece eee eee ee eee 315 longissima.........--2.2----22-2006- 364 COMPVESSA. 0. eee ee eee eee eee eee ee eee --e. B15 hippocampa .........2.0--2.2--- ee ee eee 362 MAUITLANGE oo eee cece eee eee eee eee -- 315 INDEX. ’ 523 Hydrosera—Continued. Page. | Isthmia—Continued. Page. triquetra .. 2... 22. eee eee 314 Vesiculosa ........22. 0202 cece cece ee eeee 299 Hymenaea ............2.022.0.2.2.2222--- 136,152 | Isthmiella. oo... ee ee ee eee eee eee ee ee- 312 courbaril 22.2.2... eee cece eee ee eee 133,162) Jonisehia oo... cee ee eee eee eee 246 Hypericum brevistylum...............-..-- 124) Junquillo... 2.2... eee eee ee eee ee 86 COMfUSUM. 2.22 eee eee eee M24) Kino... eee eee 133, 194 diffusum..........2..........2 Pelee eee ee 124 0 Koelerial. 00000 eee eee ee ee 2 philonotis ..........22.2..-222202222+--+- 125°) Koryearpus diandrus...............2....--- 42 simulans ............0.20..20-02-2200--5- 124) Krameria...... 02... 136, 163° submontanum,...................--..--- 125 bicolor... 2.022222. eee eee eee eee eee 107 Hypotlepis pedata... 2.2... cece eee eee eee eee {85 CONCSCONS 0 occ eee eee eee woe eee nnn n---ee- 108 Hypolytrum ....2........00022.00.020---- 444,470 pauctfolia. .. 222... 222 cece e eee eee 108 amplum . 2.222.222... 471 cuspidata. oo... eee eee eee eee eee 107 amplum Variety ..........0202 2022. eee eee 470 CYUSOIVOS. oo. eee eee ----. 107 MULETNENVE ooo eee eee eee ee ee eee 467 (iffusa. oo. eee ee eee 107 nicaraguense we eee e eee ee ee eee ee eee 470 wlandulosa 2.2.0.2 0 0.2 c ce eee ee eee cece 108 PYCNOCOPhALUM . 0. cece ce eee ee eee 471 Fs 108 SCIOLTANUML . 2 ee eee ee eee 170 interior. .... 0... eee eee eee 108 Indigo.......2..2. 2.222260. 0 eee ee eee 138 IXIA 2... eee eee ee eee 162 Indigofera ....0 2.2.0... beeen cece ce eeeeee 136, 172 lanceolata. .o..2..220.2.0002.2222.--2-- 107, 108 guatimalensis ...........022......2..... li: palmeri..... 0... eee eee eee eee ee 108 suffruticosa .... 22.22.2222 22.2222 138,172 | parvifolia... 22.22.22... eee eee eee 107, 108 Inga .... 2.2... eee eee 134, 140 PAMOSISSTMUL. £0 oe ee ee eee 108 laurina .............22 0 2c e eee eee eee 141 prucifolia. 00.20. eee eee eee eee 108 VeTa ...22. 2... eee eee eee 188, 140 paucifloral ss... 2... eee eee eee 108 Tonoxalis.........02....000200000220222-0000-- 109 PAMOSISSIMA. 22.2.2 2222 eee eee 108, 108 alpina ........0......0.0.2000220.000-200-- 110 revolutat 2.2.0... 222000200 00000222 eee 107, 108 amplifolia .......... 00.20. 02020.22202.2-. 110 secundiflora ....00...0.0002020222222222- 108 bipartita 2.2.2.2... eee cece ccecececeeeee 110 | WKyllingal.... ol. eee 443, 444 compacta... 2.2.2.2 22 eee ee eee LLO OPN. ccc cece cece e eee eee eee eens 444 Confusa.... 2.2... eee eee ee eee 110 brevifolia. 2.2.2.2 .2222220-2020222. 22228 444 conzattiana 2.2.2... .2. 22. e eee eee eee 110 CUPSPHOSM. 2.22 eee cece eee eee eee eeeeeee 445 cueTnavacana .....2-222 022.22 ee eee 111 COP. oe cece ee eee eee ee nee wees 444 decaphylla ... 22.2... ee ee ee eee 111 ONGHA. oe ee eee eee eee 445 drummondii ................22..------- lil ODLUSHE. oe eee 444 furcata.. 2.0... 22. eee 110, 011 odorata... eee eee eee eee 445 galeotti-.... 2.220 20002000000.0020000020- 112 peruvian ...... 2.2.2 e eee ee eee eee eee 444 gonzalesii ....22..2..-. eee eee ccececeeee 112 pumila oo... eee 445 BIAVi 22. ee eee eee eee liz PUNgeUS 2.2.22. 2.222220 0022222 444 gregaria ...........2222222---2222000e 110,112 VAGINA oc eee ee eee eee eee eee 444 hernandesii .......2.22202.0002220022... W120) Lampriscus kittont 2.0... 00.0202. 0 2 eee eee eee 310 jacquiniana .......2020000.0..22 222 I: LAUMOVI ooo ee cee ee eee eee eee 2 jaliscana 22.222... 0 000020.000- 22 eeeeeeee 11: OM COLUIG oe cece cece cece eee eee 284 latifolia... 2.2... 22 eee eee Ihe Leguminosae, distribution of Porto Rican lasiandra .......... 0.0.2. 0202 22 eee eee ee ht SPCCIOS 0... cece eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 138 lunulata.... 0200222 e ee eee. Ik: Leguminosac, economic species in Porto occidentalis ............2...022.0220000. 1t4 Le 133 primavera ...... 22.02.22. ee eee eee 114. Leguminosae, species endemic in Porto pringlei ...........0.........2222222---- 114 RICO... ee ee eee eee cece eee eee 183 schiedeana ...........---2.2.0.2.020005. Vif | Lepidodiscus .2.22....22... 20.2.0 2 ee eee eee 269 stipitata.. 2.220002 c cece eee eee. 110, 14 | Leptochloa dubia............ 200... e ee eee 42, 48 stolonifera . 2.2.2.2... .00.0.000002222. 114, 131 fascicularis .......22.222 20220. 200222220-- 42,48 tenuiloba. so... 020 eee eee 115 mucronata... 22.2. 42 tetraphylla.........2.222222......2--.--- 115 | Virgala .. 0... eee eee eee cee eee eee ee 42, 48 vespertilionis...2......0.00000..222.222- 115 | Leptocylindrleus 0.0. cee cee eee eee eee 284 Isolepis berlandieri... 2.2.22. eee ee 459 | Leptoglottis. cc... ccc. cece cece ee eee ee eens 146 COCSPUItUl occ eee eee eee 460 Leucaena ...........-..2222- 02222 e eens 135, 146 CAOPIGVts. 0.000.202 eee cece e cece 459 GINUCA. 2. ee eee eee eee eee e eee 146 eChiNOCEPhAl 0.2 cece eee 160 | Leneopod . 2... eee eee cece eee eee 4 IMUNAAA. 002. cee eee eee eee eee 460 | Oo 4 juneiformis.......2..2. 222.2 e eee eee 459 Limnochloa calyptratd . 22.0.2. e cece cece 457 micrantha. ......2.2222.2220 2222 460 | Geniculald. 0.22.2 eee ee eee eee eee 457 NIQVICONS 2... eee eee ee eee 460 | MULALD 2.222 ee eee eee eee 455 PATAdOLE «22. ee eee ee 459 truncala ........ eee eee eee e ee eceeeecnes 457 Isthmia-.... 0 222.22 eee eee eee eee 311) Linum eruciatum ................2.2222-2-- 117 a 312 longipes .......-22..00220.0eeee eee ee eee 117 obliquata...... wee eee eee eee eee ee eens 312, 312 nelsoni...... cee ee eee ee cece eee e ee ences M7 a\ 524 s INDEX. Page. Page. Lithostylidium hirtum........-2.-222202020+- 389 Melosira..... 231, 286, 240, 241, 247, 249, 266, 284, 317 Log wood ........ 0.22. 0e eee ee eee eee eee 135, 164 | coronaria. .... 020.2... eee ee eee ee 237 Lolium perenne ..........-.---.-2--2---+05- 3 CribrOS@ 2.2.2.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 332,249 Lomatium dasycarpum..........0....2.2.-- 131 | febigerii..........00. 0022020000000 eee ee 238 LOMOPUS 0.0 eee eee eee ee 147 fOTOX 2... ee ee cee eee eee 238 Lonchocarpus. ............-.------------- 139, 194 | SVaMKUINE © 000 ee ec eee ee ee Leeeee 243 domingensis .............--..----------- 195 GOWER 2 ee eee eee 240 glaucifolius .........0.....0..0--eeeees 138, 195 | hormoides ............22..20-2-002ee-ee- 238 latifolius....2....222..2.022000000000.22- 196 | imperfecta ...........0.220.20....202 eee 239 a 4 MACUL. 2. cee eee eee eee ee 242 geniculata.... 0.22... 2 eee eee ee eee eee 4 WUAPENG 0. eee eee eee e ee eee ee 240 incrassatQ.... 2.02... .02222 2200202222222 A medusa... 22.2.2. 2222 eee eee eee eee ee 238 UIGUBLICH 6 oo eee eee eee 4 RNOPMANL. © 0. 2e e eeeeeeees 240 SCLUCED 2022s 4 oceania... 2... eee eee eee eee 249 Lotoxalis angustifolia............2......... 115 OCULUS oe eee eee eee “le. 239 berlandieri ..............-2...--.-...-- 116,117 | ee 239 dichotoma.........2....2220.20- 202222 1s PUNCHIGONU 0c eee eee 240 fasciculata. ....2.. 20.2.2... e ee eee eee eee 18 Bs) saturmalia oo... eee eee eee eee 238 glabrata ........2.22.0...22202220202005- 115 SCOPOS .......2222022 00000 c ee eee eee eee eee 239 MCREL 2... eee eee eee 18 0) 239 pentantha ........... 222.220.2222 02022 116 polaris 02... cee cece ee eee 239 psilotricha............220..222000..0.02... 116 subornata ...........20222 202 eee eee eee 266 tephrodes..............2....00.-.---205- 116 suleata ....02.22.. 222.20. lee eee eee eres 239 yuecatanensis .....2....20.22020020-2222- 116 SCOPOS.. 2-2. e eee eee eee eee eee 239 Luzula racemosa ..............22.-2.2 020000 467 undulata ...........2...2-2-2.02022 eee 240 Luyprolepis denudatd .....0600 00.0 cece eee eee 445 NOPMOANL 0.000 eee eee eee eee 240 DUSiGONTON 0 ne eee eee eens 236 Westil. 0.2.0.2 e eee eee eee eee eee eee 23 Macrolomia bracteata 22... ..2..0..0 22002 eee 467 | Meridion. 2.00.00. 00 cece cee eee eee 370 Mamillaria angularis...................2--. 83 | Mesasterids.. 20.0... e eee eee eee eee eee 27 CLAVE ee ee eee eee ee eee 84 St 276 Mapania....... 2.2.22... 002022 eee eee eee 144, 47 | Micropodiseus. 0.0.00... cece eee 246, 260 pyenocephala .............0222.2..20004. Av OLIVOPIANUS 0. ee cee eee eee eee ee eee 262 sylvaticu ....2...22....0222-220.0220002e GL | Micropyrwum 2.00... eee eee eee eee eee 3 Margaritoxicon. 0.000.000 eee eee eee eee 323 lenelUms 0. eee cee cee eee ween ee eee ee 3 a B24) Mimosa ........ 2.000000 22. e eee 135, 147 Maria-Antonia......202...-.22 02020-00222 ee 170 COPALONA 2 ee eee ee 147 Mariscus.......-....22..-.-22-0-----22---- 113, fo4 PUCICA .. 0... e eee ec ence eee 134, 147 dissitiflorus 2.2 0....0.2...22222.0.22-...-.. £53 | Mitrospora polyuphylla ooo... 2... cee eee we eee 163 lucidior .................-2222.200-- #53 | Molleria cornuta . 2.2... cee ee eee cee 284 ehrenbergianus ...............-22.----- 452 | Monogramma .. 2.2... ee eee eens 327 SOVOR ce eee eee ee 454 | Morir-Vivir ..........0..02222020-0-0222-2---- 147 flabelliformis.............2.0.2..0..0222 153 CIMAITON .. 2.2.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 144 haenkii.................0-......-..--2.. #52 | Morivivi......2.2.20..0200002..0000000 2022 147 jJacquinii. 2.2... 452,453 | Morongia 22.2.0... eee eee eee 146 angustior........0...2.2020..22..-.. 458 | Mucuna .......02.20.0.0022..202-02022.0.02. 139, 204 longivadiatus.. 0... 0.00022 eee eee 452 altissimia .....22...02.0... 0020000020228 205 manimae ........2..22.2.222000200222 20 -- 452 PIUriCNs .... 0.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 205 apiculatus ........2000...00...00202. 452 UPCNS 200... eee eee ee eee eee eee Le eeee 205 divergens ...........22.....22-.-.2.. HOD | Mygdlurvus 000. c cece eke cece ce ee eee 3 hartwegianus ............2......... 452 COMMQEUS © 0 ccc ce ec ween eee eee 3 mutisii ..........2200.0.00002200..0225.. 452 | Myrospermum ..................220.020- 136, 168 PONMMANUS . 00.22 eee ee eee 454 fruteseens 2.22.2. . 6c 168 polycephalus 2.2.2.2... 202222 e cece eee 449 | Navienla.......22.0.0.0.0.0 02022-0002. 246, 338,334 rufus ........222... 22000022 452 360, 362, 368, 369,370, 371,373, 877, 878, 882, 38h saturatus pee a ee cene ree ne terse nesses na ee 4h: Mdonis . 2.2. ee eee eee eee 336 “eberianis Tarte esse see ee ee ee ee 451 MOVIQUHC oo ee cee ence ceee 348 Wy 10) 45 : ae MPI EOSUS. oe aR | REMUVR eee ee settee eeeeetees a3 Mastiqoscleria reflena.... 0... c eee eee eee 466 cestuardl Donne ence cesses eee ees cee ees 363 Mastodiseus 2.0.00... cee eee eee 81 ambigua OO sess ioe Mastogloia.......0.2...0.2222 022 334,857, B6S,369 | UMUC «eee eee 359 lemnisea .............-2--22--- 2-02. 369 | amphora ...........22--22.----2---2 eee 338 smithii .........................-.. ee. 369 | ANCEPS. .. 22. eee eee ee eee eee 335 Mato ......2.2.0 0020200000... te eececcccaccaee 150 UN GQUM eee 366 colorado... 2.2... eee ee eee eee ee ee 150 amtillarum. o2.0. 00222202 336 Megastachya panamensis ................-. 1s | APIS... eee eee eee 536, 348 Melica ecpaced 2.00. ..02 20 cece ec ee eee 42 | OPPrOLiM(l voce cece cece ee eee 346, 353 hallii. 00.22 ee eee veces 31 ardua......0 22.22 eee eee eee eee eee 336 45609—08——2 INDEX. 525 Navicula—Continued., Page. | Navicula—Continued, Page. ATCNATIA .. 222... 337 | gemmulata .........222 22.0222 cece eee 346 ASPCTA.. 2. eee cece eee eee eee 333, 337, 338, 358 DIDDO. 0 cece cece eee e ec eee eens 377 intermedia ...............2.22+2-+-- 338 QUDDETULE 6 cece ccc cee n eee ec cee ee eees 354 AVENACEA ....0- eee eee eee eee eee 355 ee 340 DACUIIPENO 0. eee eee ee cece eee cece eee 345 QNOVIOSD . oo ee cece cece cece eee eee 340 bartholomei ..................0.0200 2 eee 359 graefi . 2. eee cece 344 VATICLY . 0.0... e cece eee eee e eee 398 | DONUT 0. eee eee cece cece eee 77 basilica... 20... ..0.e 2 cece cece eect eee B44 | NOVEL ooo e cee cece neces 340 beyrichiana ................22..0002002- 346 STUNOWIL .. 2... eee eee eee 344, 344 DIPTONS ©. oe cece eee eee ee eee 384 gyrinida........0 0022 344 bipunctata . 2.2.2. 22.2 cece eee eee eee eee 344 NASUNSER YL... 22 eee eee eee eee ee 354 birostrata. 2.2.2... eee cece ee eee 342 NAYLiQn . 0... eee ce ee eee 349, 352 DISCALAIIS £20. ce cece cece eee eee e ee eee 369 hennedyi.................2. 310, 345, 358, 356 bisulcata.. 2.2.0... eee eee eee eee 338 COMIGINOSO. occ ccc cece eee eee 345 bohemica.....2........20 0.2 c cece eae / B41 CUNCALA oo... eee eee cece eee eee eens 352 bombus ................22.006 338,338, 339, 343 NOVOUNG ccc cece ee eee eee ence cece cuees B48 brasiliensis ........0....0..22........2-- 339 RipPOCAMPUS . 2... cece ee cece eee ceceee 362 brevis... 2.22... eee eee eee eee eee ee 339 Nolmiensis oo. 0c... cece eee ee eee eee 344 MiStOMG 0. occ cece cece eee eee eee ee 339 | NOPVAENI . ooo eee eee 854 DULL AIG 2 ee eee eee eee 347, 356 | IMPTeSSA. 2... eee eee ee eee eee B45 COMUPOPNICE 2. ee ee ee eee ee 345 ENMCQUALES 0.0. cece ee cee cece eee e wees 372 CONIGINOSE 6... ee ee eee eee eee 345 Incurvata. 2.2.2... eee cece eee eee 307 cancellata .......2... 02222 e cee eee eee ee 345 intercedens .......2.....020.022 2.2 e eee 359 COPIDMED 2... cece eee eee eee eee 340 invenusta ...........00.22 2c cece eee eee 346 ChiMMOANG .. 2.22.2 eee eee eee eee 344 rrorata.... 2.22... eee eee cee eee ce eee $46 Clavata ........ 22222 e eee eee eee eee eee 340 a 349 COMMU 2 eee eee ee 359 kittoniana.....2... 2.2.0.2 2 eee eee 353 COMPECEA . LL ccc eee eee eee 341 ie 336 contramina............ elec eee eee eee 338 Jacrimans .......2.... 002.2 c eee cece eee 346 Costata 2.2... eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 341 lamprocampa . 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 382 COSCG coe eee cece cece ene e eens 847 TANCE . oo. cece cee cee cence eee ee ee 337 COUPET Le coe ccc eee eee eee eee eee 343 lata... eee eee eee eee eee cece eee 346 CTADIO.. 2... eee eee eee eee eee $40,341, 358 | leptogonQula occ ce cece cece cee eee eee 354, 359 CYASSA.L LL eee eee eee 339 | UDP ec ce eee eee eee eee 382 CLASSINETUIG cc eee eee eee ee 361 VMDUPNICO, oo ee cece eee eee eee eee eee 344 curvilineata.... 2.0.2... 0... e eee eee eee 341 limitanea. 2.2... 22222222 eee eee eee 341 cuspidata ..............2..2-- $41,342, 368, 369 UiMOSO coe cee eee eee eee cece eee ee eee 353 AACHYLUS. eee eee eee cee ees 348 lineolata 2.2.2.0... 000s 361 didyma.....-....-....2.. 336, $42,351, 357,358 MOCLYL oe eee 343 diplosticta...... 0.20.2... eee ee 357 JONG... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 349 CivrhOMDUS . 0... ee ee eee eee eee 340 | TUNYOCSOR LL. occ ce eee eee eee ee 352 distans................022 0.2 e eee eee eee 343 lyra 20.2... 222... ee 540, 345, B47, 348, 353, 356 C1 339 elliptica . 22.2.0... 22022222022 e eee 352 MOC2Y b,c ec ec cece ence ee BL MACTACANA 2.0.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 308 Urand ii... cee cee eee 347 MAJOM 2.2 eee eee eee eee 348, 357 COYPUICU. coe cc cece cece eee eee eee 358 MANTICNOLA. 0... eee eee eee eee eee 341 elliptica .. 02... 0... eee ee eee ee 344, 354 MOC LETTANCARG ©... ccc eee eee eee eee e eens 344 | 357 MOGUIOPLOVG «cece cece cee e ence eee e eee eeee 347 CUDOLIA 2 eee eee ee eee 344 MUECTOSLOMO 0o cece eee eee eee eee eee 347 OXCAVATA LL ee eee eee 356 Nk 356 variety... 2.2 e ee cee ence eee 356 mirabilis 2.0.0.0... 00.20... ccc cece eee 359 EXPL 0 occ ee cece eee 840 MLULETCOSEUIOL. oo eee ee eee 340, 341 fallax 2.2... eee eee Bd5 EC 340 firma. .... 2. e ee eee eee 338, 347 HODUOSA Loe eee ce cece eee 345 HOVIdONG. 2. ee eee ee eee 343 | HOOUONG . ooo occ eee eee eee 354 fluminensis ............000.00.002000004 Ode NOUMOYOP Loc cee cece een e eee e eee 338 MOridand. ee eee cee cece een 343 Te 352 Kuguelensis 0... cece cece 343 NiteSCENS . 22. eee eee eee 348 formosa...........02e eee ee eee ee eee 343,357 Ce 340 fossilis 2.22.2... eee eee eee eee 344 NODS Loe ee cee eee 348 fossilis .... 0.00.0... eee eee 341 notabilis. ... 0.00.0. eee ee eee eee ee eee ee 349 fulmen ........22..2 22.222 e ee eee eee 351 OumaruUensis.. 2.02.2... ee eee ee eee eee 349 SUSCOL ee ce eee cee ee cece ees 335 | OMATUENSIS. 2.22.2... eee eee eee eee eee 336, 357 GEMING. 62.2 e eee ec 339 Ct 341 gemmata ....... 0... e eee eee eee ee 344 | O SWAT 0. ee ccc cee 356 DEMMAUA 2... c ce cece eevee ene c cede cence 357 | PACKYPlCr . cece ccc cece cee ene ene n eee 346 526 INDEX. Navicula—Continued, Page. | Naviculd—Continued. Page. PANMUIA 0.0.2. e eee w eee eee e eee eee 340, 341, 858 ZUNZIDANICH. occ ee ee ee ee cece cece eee 347 pennata.... 0.2.2... eee e eee eee eee 337, B49 | Neidium 2.0.2.0... cece ce eee e eee eee ee 333 a 345 Disulcatum 0.0.0.2... eee e eee eee eee eee 338 phoenicenteron ........------2-------++ 349 | Nephrodium asplenioides .............-.--- 492 pinguis ...... 02.22. -222 6. eee eee eee 350, 358 deflexum ....... 20.0... 0c eee eee eee 498, 498 PINNAEA . cee eee eee ec eee ee eee eee eens 349 INVISUM © eee ce eee ee eee eee 489 pleurostaurum ...........-..2-.-0+2+-+5 351 NACPOPhYUM . 0... ce eee eee eee 493 POU oo cece cece eee eee eee ee eee eee 340 paucijugum .... 2.2.2.2. eee eee ee ee 489 polystichd 62... cece eee eee cece eee eee eee 345 refractum .........2-2.-..-2---2---2005 498 powellii ........-...-2.2-.-2-5 =: lieeeee 399 TOPLANS oo... ce eee eee eee eee 490 praetexta.........2-.-2------ 345, 349, $52,358 | BErrUlQlUM oo cece eee eee eee e ee eee eee 491, 492 pristiophora . 2.2.22... 0202 eee eee eee eee 344 | Shervingiae.. 0.2... 20-2222 e eee eee eee eee 494 prodiga....... ween cece eee e eee eee eeeees 3a2 | sherringii.........-... 0-2-2 -s eee eee eee 494. pseuUudOsPlrd 0.2.2.2. eee eee e eee eee es 338 | SIOANEL 0.02 ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 489 pseudogemmata ...........0-22 eee eee es 34d WONT o.oo eee eee eee eee eee 8 quarnerensis ..............-----+++++++- 342 | Neptunia ........... 0.220.002 e ee eee eee 135, 148 rattrayi.... 2.2.2... cess eee ee eee eee eee ee 356. | oleracea ...............2-- ee eeeeeeeeeee 149 residua .......-.-- lance eee e eee ee ee eeeeee 338 | plena ..00.....02.ceceececeeeeeeee eeeeee 149 reticulo-radiata ..........----2 0.225255 302 | Nizschia ............2-2...020-2-- 317, 378, 382, 384 rhomboides .........22200 2c eee e ee eee ee 360, 361 UCHUSCU 6 eee eee eee eee 379 VIMOSO 2. e 2 eee ee eee eee tenet e tees 353 | adriatica 2... ..... 0.0 cece eee cee eee e eee 380 PODErtSONIANG. «2-2-2. 00 ee ee eee eee eee 347 | spathulifera ........2020020 022 e eee ee 380 PUpestrtS ... eee eee eee e eee e ee eeee oe 359 amphibia ................2.222222+-+- 379,379 sandriana.........2-2--ce eee eee e eee 345, 354 | ANGUILLA. cece eee cece eee 381 scutellum ......--------0- eee eee ee eee bod | angustata. ........22...----.-. ceeee eee 379 schleinitaii ...222....--2220e eee seen eee B45 | Dilobata . 0.2.6... cee cece eee eee ee eee 379 schmidtiana...........---...0-eee eee eee 338 | brightwellii .....2....220......222200065 381 sCita ...... 22. ce eee ee eee ee eee ee eee eee eee 338 | Clausii oo... 0.222. cece ee cece cece ee eeeee 382 sectilis ......++.---- eae e cece ene eeeeeeees 308 | dubia... 22.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee ee 381 DOTYANA. occ eee eee ence cece eee eens 358 | CPSLON 22... eee e cece ence eee eee eee eens 317 seductilis ..........2.-- 0-2-2 ee eee eee eee 347 fossilis... 2.0.0.0... 222 eee cece ee eee ee 379 separadilis ... 2... cece eee eee eee eee eee 340 | Prauenfeldii oo... cece eee cee eee eee eee 379 SCYiANS....ceee-- ee eee ee ee cece eee ee eee eee 361 | granulata........-......-02- 20-222 e eee 381 siderialis...........220222 2 2c eee eee eee 341 habirshawts .... 00... cece cece eee e eee eee 381 silicula ......0....02ece ee eee eee eee eee 353, 353 | insignis ...... 0.0.00... cee eee eee eee ee 379,380 smithii.............-....----- $54,554, 355, 345 | MOAPGINEFEVA 2.4. eee eee eee ee eee eee 380 {USCA 20.6222 eee eee eee ee eee 335 } NOLADILES 6... eee eee eee eee ee eee 380 variety .......-----0-eeee ee eee eee 335, 348 | en 380 solaris .......--.2. 02-2202 ee eee eee eee B55 latiusCuld . 0.2... cece eee ee ee eee eee eeee 382 SpeCiOSA ...--. 2-22. . eee eee eee eee eee eee 356 | liebetruthii ........-- cece cece eee e sees 379 spectabilis.......--....---------- 314, 856, 356 | littoralis......0202224. pce e eee eeeeeeeeeeee 380 sphaerophora.........--------+-++-+++--- 342 MUOJOV oon cece eee eee eee eee n eee 382 splendida ................-.+-+-++-++- 343, 356 | marginulata........-..--2-2-0--e2e eee 381 spuma ......-.--. 22-22-22 22-2 eee eee eee B57 CidYM. 2.2.2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 380 subacuta .......-. vee ee eee eeeeeeeeeeeees B57 MOVING. ooo e ccc e eee e ee eee e ee cee eeee 379 subcineta ......-.--2-20. eee eee eee 350, 351, 857 | notabilis ..........-....22-22-2-202-- 20 -- 380 subcivita ......... cece cece eee eee eee eees 358 panduriformis............2---..22--2-5-- 380 subventricosa .. 0.22... eee eee eee eee 354 NICODAPICE 02.26. eee eee eee ee 380 SUCCINCLO. 0. cece cee ee eee eee ec eee eee 357 | plana .........22220 022 eee eee eee eee 380,381 SULUENSIS . 22 eee eee eee 344 | punctata...... 2.222 eee eee eee 381 © SUSPECLA. 0.0.22 e eee eee eee eee eee 340 | seabra 2.2.2.2... 0. e eee eee eee eee eee 381 taschenbergeri ..........-....-----+-06- 346 | scalaris .......... 22-20-22 eee ee eee eee ee 380 tenella .............002-2 2-22 ee eee eee eee 337 | sigma... 22.20.2002 eee eee ee eee ee eee ee 381 thuringicad .....-... cece e eee eee eee eeeee 366, 867 | ANGUILLA 000 cee eee eee eee 381 TPANSVENSA. 2... eee ee eee eee ee eee 348 habirshawtl ... 22.0... eee eee eee 381 turgida@ ..........-2-- 22-22-22 eee eee eee 377 TUMiUSCULA 600s cece cece eee eee eee 382 une@inata 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 377 MOJOP. occ eee eee eee cece eee ces 382 undata .........2-222. 222 eee eee eee eee 358 sigmatel... 02... e cece ee eee eee 382 UNdUIALA. 2... eee eee 3383 VAM occ eee ee eee eee 381 UNipUNctatd. .. 222... ee cece eee eee eens 344 | sigmatella ..........-002.2.. 222.0220 205- 382 vagabunda ..........00 -..2- eee eee eee eee 358 sigmoided ........00..202202220- 381, 381, 382, 382 VENLPICOS . oe ee eee eee 354 SMUERTE oe eee ee eee eee 380 vidovichii .............2....22...2------ 358 | spathulifera ......2.2..2.220 22-20-0200 ee 380 viridis .......... 2.22.22. 2222 e eee eee 348, 359 | spectabilis . 2.02. c eee cee cee ee cee eee ees 380 VWEPLMULA. oo eee eee ee eee eee 359 tryblionella ........-..---26-.-2---+-+5- 380 WriQnttd . 0.2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 340 | EE 381 INDEX. 527 Page. Page. Nitzschiella. 2... cc ccc eee eee eee acces 78 | Ophryoscleria paludosa ..........2.- 000.00 467 Nolina ............. 0000200 cece eee eee eens 87,91 Opuntia ..:..2.2.......- Dee ee cece cece eee eee 83 altamiranoa .... 2.2... 0.0. cee eee eee eee 91 kleinae....... 2.2.2.2... 2 cee eee eee eee 83 beldingi ............ 20.22... 2c eee eee eee 91 imbricata ....... 2.0.0.2... cece eee eeee 83 » bigelovii.......... 02.0 91 megarrhiza..............2..0202-.0000e- 126 brittoniana ......2.......0...22...2000e- 1 microdasys ...........2.20. 022 ceceeeeues 83 elegans ........0. 0.020 eee eee eee eee 91 tunicata ...........0.2.0 0c e cece ee eee 83 erumpans .....-.....222.0 0022 eee eee 920 Ormosia 2.22.22... 022. eee eee eee 136, 168 georgiana ........ 02... ee eee 91,92 krugii 2.2.2.2... eee eee cece eee 169 BTECNE! 2. ee ee eee 92 Orthoneis . 2.0.0... ccc cee eee 325, 368 hartwegiana .............-..-..22200055 92 punctatissima .... 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee 332 humilis 2.22... eee eee ee eee 92 splendid 2.2.20... 20. c cece cece cee 332, 333 lindheimeriana ......................4- 92 | Orthoseira 2.0.00... cee cece eee vec eeeeeeeeee 236 longifolia... 2.2.2.2... eee cece eee eee ees 92 | MOPING 20 ce eee eee eee eee 240 MicroCarpa ....... 0. eee ee eee 92 OCEANICO 20.2... eee ee ee cee eee eee eee 249 nelsoni ........... 2020. ee eee eee ee ee eee 92 SUCH. Le eee ee eee 240 palmeri.......2. 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 9200 Oxalis 2.0.0... cece eee eee 109 PAITYi 2... ence cece eee eee 92 ONGUSstIFOULA. . 2. ee eee eee eee ee 115 parviflora..........2... 22 e eee ee eee eee 92 berlar dieri... 2.2.2... ccc eee eee eens 117 pumila 2.2.0.0... 2.2 cece eee ee eee eee 92 decaphylla ...... cee ceeeee cece 110, 111, 112, 113 TEXANA 2... ccc eee eens 92 CENAVOUES 2... ee ee cece ce eee 116 WatsSONL.....20..0 0-0 cece eee eee eee eee eee 92 COpped occ cece ccc eee e cece eee eneeees 115 Nothoceratium ...........002 cece eee ee 267, 289, 290 divergens ............ 20.0.0 202 e eee eee 110 parallelum 22... cece eee eee eee 293 AMpPLPOUlA . oo. Lee ce cee 110 NOVI. oe ee cee eee eee ee eens 384 CrummMondli oo... cece cece eee eee 111 Nymphaea, Dr. Conard’s monograph ....... 93 Fasciculata 2... ee eee eee 115 CLEQANS £00. cece cece eee cece cee ee ees 94 galeotti.......... vee eee eee eee eeeceees 112 AQUA 0. ccc cece ee cece cece eee eeeee 94 | hernandesti 2.0.0... ec eee 112 GTACUIS Le. ee eee eee eee 94 | GOCQUINEANG. 0 cee eee eee 113 MEXICUNG 2... e eee e eee eee eee eee 94 lASTANAIO 2.0. ee ee eee eee ee eee 113 OMOTAG 2... eee ee ccc eee ec ene 95 | A 113 GIGANlOd. Lecce cece cece cece eee e eens 95 Ls 118 Oaxacana ebractedta.........0...0-22 20. eee ee 131, MOAUTONSIS. 0.00 cece eee e eee eee ee ee ees 116, 117 Odonia .. 22.220... eee cece cee eee 102 Martiana ......2...... 2.2222 eee eee eee 112 acapulcensis.....................202000- 102 NOME Lecce eee eee eee ec cece cence ences 115 brachystachys...................222.025 102 Qlabratd. 0.22.2 c ee ccc eee eee 115 INCANA.......0- 2.2 eee ee eee eee eee ee) 102 PONLANENA . oo. ec eee e eee eee eee eee 116 multiflora ............ 2.02. 102 PSUOLVICNG ooo. e ee eee eee eee eee 116 TeEtUSA 2.222... Lee eee cece eee eee ees 102 | SCRICHOANE . 2... eee ee eee eee ees 114 viridiflora ...........0......22.22..00082 103 SODIUM. cea eee eee eee eee eee cece eee eee 115 wrightii .................00.20- leeeeeees 102 tEPRVOUES. oe eee ee ccc cc cece eee eeeeeeeenes 116 OdONEEUG .. 2.6. cece cece eee eee cece ee eeee 298 tetraphyuld . 2.22. eee cece cece eee nee 115 Lt 299 vespertiliont[s . 0... cece cece cee eee eee 115 biddulphioides .........22...2200200-5+ 302,309 Pachyrhizus..,......... te ecceeceeecceesees 140, 218 discigera.........2... wee ee eee eee wees 308 CLOSUS «2.0... eee eee eee eee eee eee ee ee 133, 219 edwardstt 2.22.22. 222 ccc c cece cece ceeee 301 tuberosus..........22..22222-0008. ‘beeeee 219 St 298, 302,302 Painter, J. H., explorer with Doctor Rose.. 79 POLYCONINOS 60... cece cece cece een e ee 301 9 Palmeria... 22.2.2... cece eee ee see eeeeeeee 316 polymorpha. ....... eee cece eee eee eee 305 Palo de mato........2....002..2200.2 ee eee ee 150 primordtalts ... 2... .e eee eee eee cece eens 3807) Paltonium............. 0.202.022 eee eee eee 486 reticulata 2.0... .2222 eee eee cece es 308 | lanceolatum........2.....2..2.2220200-- 486 roperiana eee eee eee eee cece eee eccecee 308 Panicularia _..........2... 0.0022 e eee ee eee 5 TT Ee 311 acutiflora ..... 2.2... 22... e esses tees eee 42 OdOntiditin. . oc occ cccccccccccccceccccccccees 318 fluitans. 1.22.22... 0222 cece cece eee ee 2,42 PUNCLALUM 2.0.00. cece eee eee eee eee eee BOL PATA... eee e eee ee eee cette eee e ee ee eees 236 Odontodiscus ...........02220- 002 se ee eee 246 | MATER --- 2-0 seen eee e ee eect eeee eee eens 240 excentricus.............................. on SULCON . Le ce eee eee eens 240 wy - | Parkinsonia .....0....02.......22-.-20--- 136, 163 SUDEIIS. 0. ee ee eee 255 . . : aculeata..........22.. 2.22 e eee eee eee 163 Odontotropis .... 2... +2+-12e ects eeeeeeeeees 298 Parosela.... 2.2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 173 Omphalopelt ... 02. 0.06. 022 22 ee eee 269 acutifolia. 2.22.22... 022222 104 Greolatd. .-.- 2 eee ee cece ee eee eee eee 272 albiflora.................2.2222.02 eee ee 106 Omphalotheca ................2222.220. 000s 287 argyrostachys .........0....00ee-ceeeeee 106 Oneostylis CiULidtd. 0... ee eee eee eee 459 QUTCO. oe ccc cee cece ccc eecececcceccee 105 FUNCHOPMIS 2.6.6 cece eee eee eee 459 berlandieri.. 2.222. ..2.0....2.0..2.2002- 106 paradonrd ..... 222-2... e ee ee eee ce ee 459 brachystachys.............2....200..00- 105 benutfolid 2.0.0.2 eee cece eee eee 459 brandegei ....... 2.220. .eeeeeeeeeeeeee 106 528 INDEX. Page. Page. Parosela—-Continued. Pert peer... 2c cece cece cece eee eee eee eeee 285 CANCSCENS 2.2.0... eee eee eee cece eee eeee 105 | Peronilas ................. 02022222 eee eee eee 150 CItViIOd OTA LL... eee eee eee eee eee WO4 | Perryd . 2... cece cece cece eee eee es 378 eliffordiana .................0222000 008 105 | Pessopteris................ 22200. e eee eee eee 485 CYANCR. 2.6.6.2 cece eee eee ee teeeeeeeeeee 105 crassifolia 2.2.2.2... 0022202 e eee eee ee eee 485 domingensis................2--...000--- 106 | Peucedanum tolucensé 2.0.2.0... ccc e eee wee 128 CMOPyi 22... 0. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee 107 | Phaseolus.............0 0.00.02 eee eee 140, 213 eriophylla.... 0... cee eee eee eee eee eee 106 adenanthus.............. 202 c eee ene eee 215 erythrorhiza ...........2...-.....------ 105 antillanus .............-2.0.022 eee eee eeee 215 eysenhardtioides................--.---- 104 caracalla .........0-...-2-222 222 e ee eee ee 215 filiformis ...........2.0 0.00... .02 22 cee ee 105 lathyroides ........2.....2002- 0020 eee eee 216 fOrMOSA .... 22.0.2. eee eee eee ee ee eee 106 Junatus ..........02.. 02-022 e ee eee eee 133, 214 glaberrima ................0.2 0.20020 ee 10: multiflorus ......0 22.2.2. eee eee eee 216 gracilis . 0... 02. eee eee ee eee 105 OVALUS 2. lee ee eee eee eee 216 grayi .. ele... eee eee eee eee 104 peduncularts . 0.0.06. 2 0 cece cee eee eee 215 gregg@ii 2.02. eee eee eee 106 semierectus ...........2.22. 0.02 e ee ee eee 216 hemsleyana ...........2...02-220220004- 104 vulgaris. ..............-2-220202-220 0s 188, 214 iIncomspicua .......... 2.2.2 ee eee eee eee 105 | Phegopteris reptans.........2... cece eeeee cece 490 insignis ................022...eee eee eens 10: Phayllitis. 0.2 cee eee eee eee 483 Jachnostachys....2.....2.2..--0---2- eee 105 | Phyllodoce . 2.22... 00 22. e eee eee eee eee eee 144 laevigata. ...... cece cece reece eee e eens 105 | Phymatodes nematorhizon................. 4938 lasianthera ..........2..-20. 2202.2 103 prominula............2-2....2-- 22 e- 501, 502 lasiostachya...... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 107 | Pictetia.....2 0... eee eee eee ee 138, 186 lemmoni ......-.-2.----2-.-20--22--40--- 105 ACUICALRL weee lee eee eee eee cee ee Isl leucostachys 2.2... 2... ee eee eee eee 104 MATZINALA 2. eee eee eee 181 leucostoma ..... 2.2... eee eee eee eee ee 106 obeordata ........... 0.222. e eee eee ee eee 181 luisiana 2.22. ..220. 02.2 105 spinifolia 2.0.2.2... cee ee eee ee eee ee eee 181 lumholtzii ...........--..-.---. eee eee 104 | Pilocereus .........0...00. 20.2002 e eee ee eee 83 microphylla ..............2.....-.-2---- 106 chrysomallus .......-0 2... .220- 22 eee eee 83 MONlis 2.22... ee ee eee ee eee 105 fulviceps ...........20..0 0.2 e eee eee eee 83 MUCTONALA 2... eee eee 104 senilis .........020...002 2 eee eee eee eee 85 mutabilis....... 20.22.02... 0022-00222 104 | Pilostyles.........2.22..022222.222 202022 e ee 86 NANA 2.2.22. e eee eee eee eee eee eee 105 | Pinnularia..............2.02- 00020022222 eee 333 naviculifolia 22.2... 20222.002222222.0--- 104 CC 336, 343 NNIQTA 2... ee eee eee ee ee 105 CITANTENSIS CooL eee eee eee 348 OAXACAN. 22... eee eee eee eee 104 DOMBUS. 2... ee eee eee eee 338 painter 2.2.2... ...... 220.022 e eee ee eee 105 COUPON. occ eee cee eee eee 347 pauciflora .......2..-2--..-.-2--2-202---- 106 CPOUDIO cece ccc cece ccc eee e cece eee eeeees 340 pectinata 2.2.0.0... 0.0.20. 2 eee eee ee eee 104 Cid 2... cece eee eee cee eee 342, 343 plumosa ....... 2.222.222. e eee eee 106, 106 CiStAN8. Loc eee eee 343 pogonanthera ..........-.....-222-.---- 105 GOMANG. eee eee eee ee 33 polygonoides .............+-..---------- 105 INQEQUALIS. ©... eee eee eee eens 372 polyphylla........ 2.2.2.0... 202 eee ee eee 104 CC cece eee eeeeeeee 346 pringlei..........--.. “pee e ese wedenscceres 105 | MOJOV occ e eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 348, 357 psoralioides. ........... Decne eee eceeeeeee 104 | MEGAOPLEN 22... e eee cee eee eee eee 347 pulchella ..............2022.. 202222 ee eee 104 multicostala 2.00.0... cee ee eee eee 340 PUTPUSI 2.22.22. eee cece eee eee eee eee 106 | ne 333 revoluta .........2-2... wee eee eee e ee eeee 105 | OVOGONIC, 6. oe eee ee eee eee eee eee eee 343 TubesCens. ...2.. 2.222 eee ee ee eee eee eee 105 | Pachypler oo... ccc eee ee eeeeeeee 346 scoparia ...........2.. 0.22 eee eee eee eee 103 | et 340 seemani ..............02 0202022 e eee eee 106 | Praetert. 6. ccc c ec e cee cc eee eee eee eee 352 Serice@a . 2.2.0... ee eee ee eee eee ee 105 | Quad Pata red .. 2. eec cece eee cee eee eee eee 243 triphylla... eee eee eee 105 | PUPOSEIIS 0.0 eee eee eee eee eee 309 trochilina ..........-2....202...-.00225- 104 | SCULCLLUNL. cee cee eee eee eee 354 tuberculata.. 2.2.2... .22 222222 eee ee. 104 | SUDCCULD 0.0 eee eee eee eee eee 848, 357 unecifera .........22.022-2 2. cece eee eee 103 | VIPIMES coco cee cece eee eee cee ences 359 vetula 2.2.0. eee eee eee eee ee eee 105 Piptadenia... 2.2.2... Lee eee eee ee 135, 150 watsoni....... 2.0.2... eee eee eee eee 106 peregrina. ...........2 20.022. 150 wislizeni..........2..22-.2..02-- eee eee 106) Piscidia..... 22... eee eee eee eee 139, 196 Wrightii 2.022. 0.0.220022 020-2 ee eee ee eee. 105 piscipula .....2...0..220.202-0202.220000-- 196 Pater noster herb. ..............-2220202-265 198 - Pistacia. .. 2.22... eee eee eee eee eee 117 Peleeyphora pusilla ............2-2.....----.- S4 STMAYPUDA. 2.202 ee eee eee 117,118, 122 Pellaea lozani 2.2.2.6... 600.00 cece eee ee ee 500 = Pithecolobium............0.. 0... 22 eee ee 134, 141 notabilis...............2..002222--0-- 500. 501 arboreum.........-2.2..22-2-.-0202-2-22- 142 seemanni..............25... 2200200222 500 revolutum .........2.....0..02-.020000-8- 06 Penta podisus. 0.00. ee eee eee eee 277 SAMMI 22.022 eee eee eee eee eee eee 133, 141 Peragallia... 2.22... 0 2 eee ee eee 285 | unguis-Cati .... 2 ee ee eee 142 bac il int: a INDEX. 529 Page. Page. Plagiodiseus . 2.2... 222.2202 c cece eee eee 3884 Poa—Continued. Plagiogramma.........-...2-. 2-202 -e ee eee eee 325 PROCUMDENS coe cee cece eee cee ee 2 CTASSUM 22.2.2. ee eee eee eee eee eee 326 TIQUUQ. cece c eee e cece eee cece eee eee ene 3 elongatum..........-2..2-.22022e82 cere 326 SICUID Looe cece eee eee cece eee e eee eee ‘ rectuM .......2.2..2 2222-2 e eee eee eee eee * 326 subaristata 2.2... ....... 0002. c eee ee ee eee 4 sceptrum .......... 222222000 ee eee eee 326 | Podiscus ....... 002.2220 2022 eee ee ee eee 277 tesselatum................ 02-22-2222 eee 326 VODOUSEL Loc cee eee eee ee ee eee ee eee 281 Plagiotropis ............---.-----------+-- 367, 368 | Podopeltis plantagined..... 2.2... ..220200 22+ 494 van heurekii ...........----------+----- 867 | Podosira..............2...-.- 231, 287, 240, 241, 260 Pleuridium 2.222.000.0020 eee ee ee eee 484, 485 ambigua...............--..--20-22-2--- 241 crassifolium.......222.0 20022 eee eee eee 485 ATEUS 2... eee eee ce eee eee eee 242 Pleurodesmium... 0.00002 2002 cece cece e cece eee 314 corolla 2.02.2... 22. eee ee eee eee eee eee 242 brebissonil .......-2-220 200 eee eeeeeee 314,315 SPebigerit. cco... 000 oe eee eee weceeeeeee 238 Pleurosigma .....22+2.2-+200202--- 333, 334, 362, 363 franklini... 2.0.2... eee eee eee 243 AcUMINALUM ©. 2-222. e ee eee eee eee 363 Le 288, 241 Mestuarth 22.2. c ee ee cee eee ee eee eee 363 MACUUNN. 022. eee ee eee eee eee 242 Affine... 022. e eee eee eee ee eee eee 363, 365 MAXIMA .......22-2.-22-------2---- 241, 261, 262 NICODATICH. . 2. oo eee eee eee eee eee 365 montagnei .......2---.-.2----2---2-- 2 eee 241 angulatum . 2.2.2... 222 eee ee ee eee 3638, 366, 367 OLIVENIONG. 00. oe cece eee 262 ASIAICUM 22. cece eee e eee eee ee eee eees 334 POChfiCd 2.2. cee cece eee eee eee eee eee 242 _ Gustralicum . 02.06... eee eee eee veer eee 364 radiata 2.0... 22.22.2222 222 eee eee eee 242 CONUIMUM. 0.0 cee cee eee eee eee 363 stelliger . 2.2.00... eee eee ee cece eee 242 MECOPUM 2.22. ee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 364 subtilis ...........2.20..0222. 02222222 e ee 243 delicatulum 2.0.0... 02 eee eee eee eee 367 VAPICYANA. 22022 oe ee eee eee eee 242 elongatum balacricwm.........2.+-2+++++ 364 Poinciana........-2......-02-0---- 2-2 eee 136, 165 finnmarchicum ....0.....002 02 ce eee ween 367 regia... 0.2.0.2. eee eee eee eee eee 133, 165 FOPMOSUMN 202. e eee eee cee ee cee eee eee 364 | Polygala aparinoides..........-.....------- 123 QIGANKEUM 6 oo eee ee eee eee ee eee 365 calcicola...... 0.2... eee cece eee ee ee eee eee 122 intermedium .....22.20022002 22 e eee eee eee 364 longicaulis ...........02....2222. eee eee 12% TAMU oo een e ee ee ee eee eee 363 nelsoni ....2......2222200 02-222 e eee eee 122 littorale. .......2.-2. 222222 e eee eee ee ees 363 ovalifolia. so... 2... eee eee eee eee 122 micobaricum. ....-....0e22e- eee eee ee eeee 365 paniculata. ...... 2.2... eee eee eee eee 123 NOPMANIL. oo ce eee eee ee eee 364, 367 turgida .... 0.2.2.2 2 222 eee eee ee ee eee eee 1 NUDCCUIA ccc eee eee eee eee ee ee eee ee eee 364 | Polypodium asplenioides .....2...2-2--.---- 491 pulcnrum 2.2... e eee ee eee eee eee ee 364, 366 attenuatum ........ 0.00 02.2 22-22 ee eee 492 Quadratum 2.2... oe eee eee ee eee ee 366, 367 CrASSIPOUIUM . oo ee eee eee 484, 485 VIQidUM.. 2.220022. e ee eee eee eee 365 dictvophyllum ........-2..-----2++----- 501 Fg LA 365 dissimulans. ........0020. 22-22-20 ee ee eee 502 Spectosum .. 2.2.2. 2-2 ee eee ee eee eee ee 366 QMadiahum. . 02.2. 0.2222 e eee eee eee eee eee 492 StAUTOPhOYUM 2202-2. e ee eee ee eee eee 334 ENVISUM, «cece cece eee eee eee eeeeeeee 489 SEPIQ“OSUM. 60 occ ee ee eee ee eee 367 jubaeforme...........--.--22222 ee ee eeee 502 suberectum .....2-22-20 02-2 eee eee eee 364 kalbreyeri ...2....-----.------ eee eee eee 493 tahitiense 2.0.2... 2 2 eee eee eee ee eee eee 364, 366 lanceolatum.........-.6.- 202. e eee eee ee 493 thumii oo... 0. e ee ee eee 864 lONQIPOCS 20.2 ee ee eee eee eee eee 493 thuringicum ......2220 22222 eee ee eee 366, 367 TUNANIANUM. 00. ee eee eee eee 491, 492 LOrtWOSUM . 22 eee eee 366 lyeopodioides...........-------------- 501, 502 troplCUm 2.2... cece cee eee eee eee eee eee 365 melanotrichum .........--....-22.+-+- . 502 VAULIMUM. 022 ee eee eee 365 MEMALOPNIZON. 2. ee ee eee eee 493 VIrginiCUM . 2.2... eee eee eee 365 PlONEAGiINCUM 2 cee nee eee eee eee eee 494 Pleurosiphonia...2.2.0 .. 22222202220 222 ee 368, 369 TACICANS . 2.22... 2 eee eee eee ee eee seeeeee 491 OfiNi8. 0... ee eee eee 369 TEPONS cece cece een e eee ee ee eee eee ener eee 490 Plewrostauron......--.-2-.-0---2 2222-2222 eee 333 TOPLANS 2.0. e eee cece eee eee eee eee eee 490, 491 CCULUMN oo cc cnc ee cee cee eee eee eect eee 341 rhizophyllum . 0.2.2... 2-222 e eee eee eee 491 subgenus. ........--22 2222-222 e ee eee 351 rosmarinifolium...........--....---.-66 501 Pleurostaurwm ......------- gece ee eeeeeeeee 852 salicifolium ....22..-22+-+----- ceeeeeeeee QL CCULUM L 2c eee eee eee 351 serrulahwim 2.2.22. 022 eee eee eee 491 Ploiaria .......0....22.... 220202222 eee Bb suprasculptum ....... -.222.--2-------- 502 petasiformis .................22.---2+55- 313 | surimaMeNnse......22.020.-00 00-22 eee eee 501 Poa delawaricd.....2.ce0.. cc cence cece eee cece 41 | transien’s ... 020. e eevee eee eee ec eeeeeees 493 divaricata ....0...0000 00 ee eee eee eee 2 Polystichum grerillianum. .......------ +--+ 484 UIA. 2c ee ee ne eee eee 2 munitume SOUPANTUMN 0.0. cee eee ee eee eee 493 Festucoides .. 02.00.20 2 ee eee oe eee ee eee 33 rhizophyllum...........-...+------62--- 491 kaibensis ........ 00200-00222 2 ee eee eee 38 solitarium ....0........0---2--------005- 49% hingti ....-2-. 22222 eee eee eee M0 POVOMISCUS . 0202 eee eee ee ee eee ee 264 loliacea....... 2.22. --.--- 0022-2 3 CUCYMOS. 0.222 ce ee eee eee eee 237, 238 NETVOSA. ..2 22222 eee eee ee eee eee 42 COVONGVIUNS 22.0022 eee eee eee eee eee 237 NUEANS 2... eee ee eee eee 34 NirsutUs. cc. cece ccc cence eee cence eee wee. 287 45609—08-—-3 530 INDEX. Porodiscus—Continued, Page. Ptelea—Continued. Page. “INLELTUPLUS. oo ce cee ee cee ee eee eee eee eee 237 ODSCULA 26.02... eee cece eee ee ee eee ee 57, 76 ObIONGUS . 2.2... eee eee eee ee ee eee 264 Obtusata 22.20.22... 2 eee eee eee eee eee 54,61 Porpeia .. 0.2.2.2... eee e cece eee eee eee eee 314,315 ovalifolia 22.00.22. 57,78 Ce 315, 316 padifolia .... 0.0... elle eee eee eee 55, 67 OPN 2.2 ee ee eee eee eens 315 pallida... e222... eee eee eee 56, 70 QUQAKAED. 2.02 ce cee cee eee eee 315 parvula ....... ce eee cece cece ee eeeeeee 55, 64 quadriceps. ...........-....-- Laeeeeeeeee 315 persicifolia.. 2.22.0... 202s 55, 67 VODUSLO. 2.2.2.2 cee eee cee ee eee 315, 316 polyadenia. 2.22. ...20. 0.20.00 c eee ee 55, 64, 65 Porto Rican Leguminosae, general data.. 138,15 prominula ....22.. 2.0222. 22 eee eee eee 53, 58 Potentilla lozani...... bocce e eee eee ees -- 95 pumila..... 2.20.2. 4 61 Prionosciadium diversifolium.............. 130 rhombifolia............0....222202-. 58, 58, 59 nelsoni 2.2.0.0... 000022 eee ee ee ee eee eens 130 saligna.........02200 0.022020 220 200 57,73 palmeri ..........2.. 022200002222 e eee 130 Sancta... 2.2... eee P4638 palustre 0.2... eee eee eee 130 seutellata 2.0.0... 22. e cece eee eee eee 54, 62 pringlei....... 2.0.0... eee eee eee 180 similis 22.22.0000 020 ee eee eee eee 55, 65 watsoni..... 2... eee e ee eee eee eee eee ee 130 straminea .....0 222.2. .200....... 222... 56, 70 PritChardia 22... ccc cc ce eee eee 378 subintegra 2.2.02... 000 e ee eee eee ee 53, 61 INSTIMNIS . oe eee eee cece eaee 879 subvestita.......000000000.02.0.0.02222-. bh, 67 TL 880 synopsis of species ..................2-. 58-57 Prosphysts . 20.02.0020 2 tec ce cece eee c eee eeeee 4 taxonomic characters .................. 50-52 lenellUus. 2... cece cece ee eee cee eee eee 4 toxicodendron ...........02...02.000--- 55, 66 PseUudoauliscus .. 0.2.0.2 e cece cee eee 282 tortuosa... 2.2... ec eee eee 53, 60 POUPSTANUS 2. cee cee cece ween 306 triptera 2... eee eee ee 56,71 Pseudoxalis ...........0002.0.-0 0022 ee eee 116, 109 undulata..................22 0.00002 eee. 54, 62 madrensis ......... Bee c ec eee cece eaees 7 VEITUCOSA . 2... ee eee eee eee 56, 69 seudolricerQtiwm . 2.2 c cc ec cee eee ee 289, 209 villosula ....0......20........ wee eeeeeee 53, 60 CINNAMOMCUM. 00.0 c cece een e cece eens 292 wrightiana. ...........0. 0002 cece eee eee 53, 68 Psilocarya robust@. 2.22.00 26 000 e eee eee 464 | Pteris angustifolia .........0.22...00.22-.- 486, 487 SChICMEANG 2.2.22 ee cece eee 464 | Pterocarpus.......22...22.020.. 0220020 188, 194 Ptelea oo. 0... eee eee eee 49, 50, 51 officinalis ...... 200000000000. e eee 133, 194 aboriginum .............2.............. 55,66 | Pteropsis ....0000000000 00000022 cece ee eee 486 acutifolia 222.202... Le cececeeeeeeeeceees 56, 68 angustifolia oo... cece cece eee 487 aMbigens ............ 02.0202 eee eee ee eee 56,69 | Pterotheea .........220000.0002000.000 0222 287 angustifolia ..........200000000.0002. 49,50,74 | Puccinellia......... 00000000002 5 antonina...... 2.2.2 ..22. 000. 53, 69 airoides.. 22.2... eee Leeeeeeee 42 aptera ....2....2.. 57, 75,75, 76, 76, 76,77, 77, 78 distans .....00.00 020000000 e eee eee eee 42 aquilina.................2.22. 0022 ee eee 53,67 | Pyereus............0...00...0 002022 e eee 443, 445 ATKENCA . 2... ee eee eee ee 56,71 elegantulus ........0.....0.020.eceeee 446, 447 attrita... 2.2.22... e cece eee 55, 65 CNIOMIONUS ©. oe eee eee e ewes 445 betulifolia......2..0.00..0.200.02. 55, 64, 65, 67 flavescens . 2.22.2... 00.02 0 cece ec eee ee eee 445 brevistylis........0......222...202 02000. 57,73 helvus.........2...02000.000ce eee eee 446, 447 bullata. 22.2.2... 22.2 eee cece eee 57,76 lagunetto..... 2.2220... 20222 eee eee 446 cinnmamomea............-....02.0.02--- 57,74 melanostachyus..............2..-... 446, 447 coahuilensis...2............022.000e M61, 62 umbellifera.. 2.22.2... 2002002202000. 446 cognata .....2 2.2.0.0... 022 eee ee eee 54, 62 variegatus ..... 2.0.00... cece eee eee 446 confinis ...... 22.0.2... e eee eee eee eee 56, 72 piceus 2.2.2.2... 2 eee eee eee 446 CRENALA.. 0. eee eee ee eee cee eee eee eee 54, 63 polystachyus 2.2.2.2... ccc cece ee eee cece 447 ecrenulata ...........2222 0020 eee eee ee 57,74 propinquus.....-......000.20.020200- 446, 447 cuspidata 2.2.2.2... 022200202202 02 2000. 4,62 | Vivularis. 0.02.2... 00022. eeeee eee eee 446 eycloloma..............2222 cece eee eee 57,76 | Pyrgodiseus ....... 2.222.220.0020. 0000 237 distribution ................0.0.000-2200e 49,50 | Pywidicula..... 00.2... eee 240, 244, 260, 264, 265 elegans... .......2222..0222202.022.0 200 ee 56, 72 aptewlata 2.2.2... eee cee cee eee 244 formosa .... 22.2... 2 2 eee eee eee eee 53, 59 appendicula.. 2... ccc ee eee eee eeee 244,245 glauca... 2... eee eee eee eee Ab. #4 COSCINOMISCUS. ©. 00. occ eee eee nese 265 isophylla. 2.2.2.2... 20.2.2. eee ee 53, 58 UIAdOMA «0.0 oe ee ee ee eee ees 245 jucunda..................2 2.22202 220 00. ‘4, 68 REWONICH 0.0 cee cece cece eevee ee cee 244 lactissima ..........0.0 222 eee eee eee 56, 69 Ce 242 lncida........ 02... 2022. e eee e eee ees 55,66 | Pyxilla cc... ool occ cc eee cece cece. 287 lutescens..... 2.2.2... 22. cee eee eee 56,72 | Raphoneis archeri..... 0.0.22. c cece eee eee 329 Megacarpa..... 22... ee eee 46, 68 SOULE OMS. ooo oc cece cee ee eee 829 mesochora.....-.....---... ee eee eee eeee B8 | Reicheltia... 0... 0.2.2 ee eee 334, 860 monticola....... 02.00.2022 ee eee 59,64 | Retama........2. 200202000000 cee eee eee eee 178 neglecta ...... 2.2.2.2. 2 2 eee eee eee 56,01 Rhabdonema .. 20.0.0. 00 eee eee eee 321 neo-mMexicana...... 22.2.0 202s 56,68 MIPTAHCUM . 0 oo ee eee eee eee eee 321 NItCNS. 2.2... ee cece eens 0, 70 a 321, 322 nitida ..... 2... eee eee eee 56, 71 VENEVTCOSUM oo eee cee eee ee 322 nucifera. ... 2... ea eee cece eee eeee 57,75 CTODLEN TL. oe eee ce ee 322 INDEX. 5381 Rhabdonema—Continued. Page. | Rynchospora—Continued. Page. japonicum . SUPOYMES. oo ee eee eee eee 464 MEIRAO oo. cece eee eee eee eee eee ‘ H1AUCA. eee ee eee ee eee 165 MINULUM. 000. e eee eee eee eee eee eens BlObOSA. Lee eee cece cee eee ee 462 robustum. ..2 22.0222 ce eee eee eee GQVACUIS ooo cece ccc en eecceee 465 Rhizosolenia ..........2...0202..000222 0 ee eee hoffmanni.... 0.0... eee peeeeeee 464 CPICNSIS 2.02.2 eee eee eee eee eee JUDG ooo cece eee eens peeeeeee 465 hebetata ............-...0--222-2220 00s locuples......... Lecce cece cece gaeeeeee 463 MUITAYANA ......22. 22.2 eee eee eee 284 longispicata..........2.....22.. peeeeeee 464 TODUStA . 2... eee eee eee e eee eee 285 macrochaeta ............2....-. sa ee eens 464 stolterforthii ..............0.....2.2.... 284 marginata ..... cece cece cece eceengeeeeee 462 RhOICOSIQMO. . 2.2 eee 362, 363 MarisculUs .. 2.2.2... 2.22.02. cee gee eee 465 Rhoicosphenia .........2......22222222-020- 370 NEVVOSA 220. e eee eee eee ees aeeeeee 461 Robinia aculeata.. 2.0.2... -022. cc eee eee ee ee 181 POTVIQhdG 2... eee eee ec e ee e eee eee 459 MACULALA. 2.2. cee ee eee eee eee eee 176 pittier’. 2... cece ce eee eee veeeeee 464 D0) (0) 0 142 PORMMIANG 0.0.0. eee ween e eee 463 ROPCVIA. . 0. eee eee ee eee 260 polycephala .. 0.0... eee cea eee 463 tesselata ........2-.2-2-002.220 2-2 e ee eee eee 264 polyphyla -..........2..0..0...-20-000e 46: Rose, J. N., Mexican exp!orations of 1905... 79-86 Fe A 463 Rose, J. N., Mexican plants recently intro- PUNGONS. 0... eee eee eee eee cee penne 465 duced 2.0.2.0... 2. eee eee eee eee 81-82 robusta... 2.022.220 22. c cece ceca ee eens 464 Rouxia ..... 2.220022 eee eee eee eee eee eee 33 schaffneri ........22... 0.0.00. 020e ce eee 465 Rudolphia............0.002 0.002222 eee 139, 203 schiedeana .. 2.2.2.2. 2 2.0.22 eee ee 463 volubilis.............22...---2-------- 138, 204 VaTICh 2.22222... 22 eee eee eee seeeee 463 Rutilaria......0000..0200...2.02...2-22-00-6- 317 VANNANG 2.0.2 ee ce eee eee 461 COPA. oo eee cece eee eee 318 vuleani.. 2.22.22... eee eee eee eee 464 Edentuld 2... ec eee cece ee eee 818 | Sabinea..........22 22. ee eee 137,177 CUiplicd. 22.2. c ec ce eee eee eee 318 florida... 2.0.00. 2 cece ace eens 178 epsilon.......... 2.0.0... 317 puniecea..... 2.2... eee eee epee 133,177 NORAGONA 6... cee eee eee eee 317, Sagenia macrophilla .....0...22.2000- weeceee 493 herner ti... eee eee 318 | Saman..... 2... eee eee eee ee eee 142 lONGICOINES 0... eee cee cece eee ee eee BIT SA88C 2... eee eee ecc eee eee eee 144 ODESUM. cee eee cee eee eee eee 318 | Schizonemd .........22-22222--0--- 338, 355, 360, 371 POAMIUO 22.2.2 eee ee eee eee eee 318 | TAMOSISSIMUM . o.oo eee ee cece ee eee eee 395 superba .... 0.22.2 eee eee ee eee eee eee 318 Smith... eee eee 394, 355 srdkalensis ....2.0.2202 00022 318 VP IMUM oe eee eee eee 361 tenwicornis.......2..0222-.0202 cee eee eee B17 | Schleinitzia. 00... ccc ce cee cee e eee 150 VENEVICOSO, 6. eee eee cece eee eee eee 318 | Schoenus cephalotes.. 0.2.0.0. 00. cee eee ee 465 Rylandsia ........2.2...222. 022220 e eee eee 273 coloratus 22.22.2222 ee. wobec eee eee eeee 444 Rynchosia ...........---------2------ 100, 140, 211 CUPCVOLdES. 0.22. eee eee eee eee eee saeeeeee 463 CMEVICONG 2.2.2 eee eee ee eee eee 100 SPAGUCTUS 00 ee cee eee eee 463 bicolor .....-222.---220 0-22-0220 e eee eee ee 101 QUODOSUS 00. eee eee eee eee ee 461, 462 COLYCOSA 2. eee ee ee eee eee 101 QVACIHIS . oo ee epee eee 465 Caribaed 2... 0.2. eee eee eee eee ee eee 100 LiLhOSPOV MUS... eee cece eee eens 466 CURTNAVACONG .. 2.22 eee 101 PAPAMOLUS 60 oe c cece eee cen e eee eens 459 iscolor ...222..- 2-222 -2-0-2 eeeeeeeeeeee 101 polyphyllUs. 00. ccccecceccceeeceeceeeeeee 463 CVYthvinotdes ... 00... eee eee 101 SPALNACOUS 6.0.22. eee eee eee weeeeeeee 461 hirsuta .....2222 20-2 eee eee eee 101 SUTINAMENSIS. 222. eee eee eee 463 LONGETACEMOSA. 22.2222 eee eee ee eee 101 LENUIPOLLUS © ee eee ee eee 461 MACTOCAPPA «222.222 eee eee eee eee 101 | Schedonorus ..........-+.++--- gece eeeeeeee 2 MENISPETMOLTES «eee eee ee ee eee 100 2 46 minima ............--2.22-..2222202208- 213 | Schenodorus........0.2222000 22224 pence eee eee 2 NIGVOPUNCLAUG. 26.2 c cece eee ee eee e eee eeeee 1OL | Schranckia .......-. 2-20-22. e ee ee eee eee ee 146 phaseoloides..........-...-.----- 101, 102,212 | Schrankia ..........222...2-2-,---- ceeeee 135, 146 precatoria ............-..-2-2-2-.22222000- 101 portoricensis ...............222-2---- 133, 146 pringlel . 2.222. eee eee eee ce eee eee eee OL | Schuettia .... 2.0.20. 202 0222 eee 269 reticulata.........2......-2..--2022-2000- 212 | Seirpidium sulcatum ..........2.-.-.2-2------ 456 SENNA... 0... eee eee 100 | Scirpus .....2....22.22200022. 00022222222 443, 460 1EVONE 0.222 ee ee eee eee 100 CCICULUTES 6 ec cee eee eee ee 456 VOIUDIIS. 00. oe eee eee 100 CApiaris 00... cece eee ee eee 459 Rynchospora .............0 0022 eee eee 443, 462 Capitals . 22.2. ee eee eee eee eee 455 AULCA. Le ee ee eee eee eee ee 163 CarIDACUS 22... 2 eee ee eee ee ceeeeeeee 455 cephalotes........ vee eee ee eee eee eee ee 4165 CUSLANEUS 6.0. cee eee ee eee ee eee 458 Clarkei ..........-..----------------0--- 464 | cephalotes .....2.....-. Lecce eee eee ee eeeee 465 COSLATICENSIS .. 2... eee eee eee ee eee 463 | Chaetarius 0... ee eee eee 456 eyperoides................--2-.-25------ 463 | COPYMBOSUS . 2.222 eee cece eee ee eee 463 CUTANCIANA. «2 eee we ee wee eee eee 465 | cubensis ..... eee eee ee ee eee eee eee 160 OXIMIA 2... LL eee eee eee eee eee eee 464 Miphyllus.. 0.2. eee eee cee eee ees - 458 ee ae ee eer. NY | 532 INDEX. Scirpus—Continued. Page. | Spatangidiwna—Continued. Page LL 457 | flabellatum . 2.0... 20.22 eee cee eee ee 275 humboldtii .. 20.0.2... cece ee eee eee ee 459 | heptactis .... 2.0.0... 2020 ccc eee eeeeeeee 275 inundatus .................-- weeeeeeeeee 460 PCUALUIMN 0. cece eee cence cence es 275 lawiflOrUs. ..- 2. oo. eee ce eee ee ee eee 455 PAUPSIANUN . 2.2 eee eee eee 275 lithospermus ........-2.2.-002-5--2-22+05- 466 | Spermodon eximius —.... 200002 e eee 464 lUzulde oo. e eee eee eee eee ee 449 SULUPOPMIS 2c eee eee eee eee eee 464 micranthus........-.---.-.---+-+-++---- 460 0 Sphenella .......... hee eee ee eee eee eeeees 370 MICTOSLACHYS 22... ewe e eee ee eee eee eee 459 } Sphenopus 22.02.0200 .eceee ce eceeeeccecseeee 5 MIULiACEUS 22... cece eee eee eee 458 | Sphenosciadium eryngiifolium............. 131 MONLANUS «2... ee eee eee eee eee eee eeeee 457 | Sphenosurd......-22 0.22222 e eee eee eee ee 370 MULMUS ©. eee eee ee eee eee 455 | Sphinctoeystis................2..2...--6- 382, 384 NIQTICUNS . 2. eee eee eee eee eee 460 librile .......0.....20.....22.....2--- 382, 383 NOUUIOSUS 60.60.20 2c c eee ee eee eee eee es 456 TID ilis oo. ce cece cece aes 383 OCRPEAHUS. 0.2 eee ee ce cee eee eens 455 undulata 2.0.0.0... 02 0c eee eee ee eee ee 38? pachystylus. 0.02. eee eee ee eee 457 | Sphinetospermum..........--..-..---+++--- 107 PAPAdOLG 62... cece cece eee eee eee 459 | constrictum . 2.2.2.2... 5.22.2 eee eee eee 107 plicarhachis..... 0.0... 0. cce eee e cece eee 455 | Spiroloba ....-..- 222-222-2262 22 22 cence eee eee 141 SpadiceUs 22... 02. eee eee cee eee eee 458 Slachychrysum 22.02.02. cee eee ee eee eee eee 149 Spathaceus 2.2.2... 62.222 e eee eee eee 461 | Stahlia. cee eee eee 135, 151 SULCOHUS ee eee eee 456 monosperma...............20.-222008 133, 151 Seleria 2.0.0... .00 02... eee eee eee 444,465 | Stauroneis 2.22. 0...02 020220222 eee ee 333, 334, 372 bracteata ...........202....202 2 eee eee ee 467 CULM Lee eee eee eee eee eee 351 CHIACJOUG 0... ce ee ce eee eee eens 467 amphicephala 2.22.0. 2026 eee cee eee 835 COMMUNES «occ eee eee eee 467 amiphilepla... 0.0 0.2. eee cee eee eee 350 COSLAPICONSIS «oo ee eee 466 CC 335 distans 2.2... ..0....0--22- 020222222 e eee 466 CISPEVE woe. cece eee ee eee 338 filiformis ........2.++---- eee canes eeeee 166 | 390 flagellum... ee ee wee eee 466 ee 390 hirtella .............2-2.. 00-22-22 e ee eee 166 sfulmen ...... wee ee eee cence eee 351 lacustris .........2222. cece eee eee ee eee 466 gracius ...... 0-2... cece lace ee ew ee scenes 350 latifolia ............0.222. 0222 eee eee 467 INGEQUALIS © ee cee eee eee ee eee 372 liebmanni ................----.22----+-- 466 kochti. e222 cece eee eee ee B51 lithosperma ..............2..222.200565- 466 lanceolata... 620. ..-. .. weeeee 350 MACTOCOL PU oes ee eee ee eee eee eee eens 167 UNCAVIS 60... ee ee ee eee eee 335 melaleuCa .......0. 0.05. e ee eee eee 466 phoenicenteron..... kee cece eee eee 350 NULANS 000 ee eee eee eee eens 466 POLTWQTOMMG 00... ee eee eee 341 paludosa.................--2-2--2--- 222 467 plerovded .. 0... eee eee cee eee 300 Putllerd oo. ccc ccec cece cece eee e cere e eee eeee 467 puUlehella oc cece cence eee eeee 338 PYALENSIS ©. eee ee eee 467 PYOMGCN . oe ee ween ee 338 pterota ......... 222.0202 eee eee eee 46 robusla ........... cee eee eee eee eee 3o refl@Xa 2.2.2.2... cee eee eee eee eee eee eee 4660 | Slawroplera ..... 0.0.22 eee ce eee eee eee 333 tenacissima ............26 0.2. eee eee 466, 466 CCKNAUINES. 0.0 ec ee eee 338 tenella ........-- 222-22 2e eee eee eee ee eee 466 CUSPOVO ooo ee eee eee eee 338 LONUWES ooo ccc cece ee cece eee ee 466 | ODIONGA o.oo wee eee eee nce e ec ee cues 338 tonduzti........- eee eee eee eee eee 466 | Stelladiseus ........... 0.020 cceeeececececee 273 Sclerochloa.........--.. 20... .220-2 2222 ee eee 2,5 | Stenochlaena latiuscula. 2.2... 022000. 002. 502 C6 2 2 sorbifolia 2. .........0......22.2222000-- 503 Seleropoa..........2-..-2--. 22-2 eee ee eee ee 3,5 | Sleroneis .........2-.. 00020 e eee eee eee eee eee 33 Tigida..... 2.2.2.0... 2.0. e eee eee eee eee ee 3,4,42 Stenophyllus................2...-22..-..2.. 459 Seleropogon brevifolius ............22.....- 420 COPUAVis 26. ec eee eee 459 Scoliopleura antillarum...... 00.22.6202 .0000- 536 | Slenopterobia ...... 22. cone ee eee cece eens 884 StAKkAlensts 2... cece ee eee ee eee 349 Stephanogonia .. 2.2222... eee 287 DL 15h) StephanopyNis -.......2......02000.202000-. 243 leaves. .......200 0. ee eee eee ee eee eee 159 MpiCUlata ooo. ce eee 244, 245 Sensitiva....... 22.22... e eee eee eee eee ee 147 appendicula.........20...0.22.0 222 eee O44 Sesbania ...........222.. 200-2 e cece eee eee 137,179 | broschil .......2. 220. .202. 0.2 ee eee eee eee 246 aegyptiaca ..........0.000....022..0202- 180 COMPANUA. 2... ee eee ee 245 grandiflora .........0..2.2..222.2.2-. 133, 179 corona...........22-..222..2-- eee eee 245 occidentalis .............. 20.22 eee ee eee 180 cylindrica... 02.2 ....-.. Lecce eee ee ee eeeeee 245 SCTIC@ED. 0... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee 179 MiAdeMmt . ooo ee eee eee oe 245 Skeletonema ..........-.....--2.-.---.--- 285, 287 NEEJANTE ©. eee eee eee eee 245 Snap bean.....-.--- 2.2... eee eee eee eee 215 PALMeriQna 2.0... cece eee eee eee eee 245 Solium .......---0.0-00 020020222 eee eee eee 313 trisculpta.. 22.0.0 0002.00 02222 eee eee 245 Sophora..............02-.---.20222 0000200 136, 169 | lr gid Loc. ee eee eee 245 toMeNtOSa 2.2... ee eee eee eee eee wees 169 | LUPTES £6 ce eee eee eee eee 244, 245 Spatangidium..........---. cece eee eee ee eee 278 | Stictodesmis craticula......2......0.-.22-2--+ 342 CC | 273 |! Stictodiscus.............. 247, 294, 260, 267, 289, 293 INDEX. 5338 Stictodiscus—Continued. Page. | Symbolophoru—Continued., Page. Offinis. 2.2... 0c eee ee eee eee eee 269 Pentas . 2.2... eee eee eee eee eens 256 buryanus.....2.2...22-220- 022s e ee eee 268 A 256 californicug wee eee eet en enc enn ceceees 269 0 a 256 caraibicus. ........ 2-0-0022 eee eee eee eee 268 | Syncyclia ........ 2.22222 eee eee eee 371,372 gelidus ......-....-2-2-2-22-2-:-22- 20+ 268 | Syndendrium ........--.---2-+2+- 22022 eee 285 grovel .......2.2- 22-2. e eee eee eee eee eee 268 | Synedra .....-.------ ween eee eee ee eeeeeee 333, 878 QUUunowti.... 20.2.2 e eee eee ee eee eee eee 269 SIMA. . 22 eee eee eee eee eee 381 hardmanianus ....-...--....--22+--+-+- 268 PYACMONS 2... 222 e ee eee eee eee ence eee 379 hiitlingerianus .........222. 0-0-0 2ee eee 268 | Syringidium ................-------6---- . 287 GEVOMIANUS «2 eee eee eee eee eee 268 | Systephania.......-.. 0-22-22 e eee eee eee eee 248, 244 johnsonianus...........--------++--++- 268 QNGQUCM 02... cee eee eee eee eee ences 244 kittonianus...............-2..---------- 269 COPORG . occ eee eee eee eee 245 MArgGaritACUs........----2 ee eee eee ee 269 diadem.... 2.22.22 222 e eee eee nee eee 245 pulchellus ....2-22-2-2222-0 202s 269 | Taenitis angustifolia. ....... 0.220. c eee eee eee 487 PAMIALUS . 22. cece ee nee ee eee eee 268 lanceolata.....2.......0...02- +222 e eee ee 487 UPEQONUS . oo ce eee eee eee eee 269 | Tamarind .................-..--- bee e cena eeee 153 tVUQNE 2... 00-e eee eee eee ee eee ee eee eee 268 | Tamarindillo..........-......--...-----+--- 151 Stigmaphora ..... 0202020200 e eee eee eect 368 | Tamarindo cimarron.......-.-...--. .----- 145 Stoschi@.......0c cece ee eee eee ee eee ees 246 | Tamarindus...-................--+--+05- 186, 152 Strangulonema.........--..0.-----+++ +++ 287 indica ..........2.2...2222.2-2---- 26+ 183, 158 Striatella...........--------00e eee eee 284,319,321 | Tectaria martinicensis ........-....---.- 4938, 494 UPCUAL . 2.222 eee eee eee ee eee eee 322 plantaginea.......2...20. 0222. eee eee 494 CTOziEr TE oe eee eee 322 purdiaei ...........2-2.... 22-2200 22 eee 494 unipunctata.....- ‘Lecce eee eee eee ee eeee 822 | Tephrosia............ 0226256. e eee eee eee ee 187, 174 String bean...........---2..---2- eee eee ee eee 214 cathartica........ 22.222 eee eee ee eee 175 Stylosanthes..........----2-2-20+25e--2- 138, 183 CINETCA... 2... ee ee eee eee eee 174 hamata............-----0- eee ee eee eee eee 183 CONSEVICHE 06 ce eee eee eee eee ee ee 107 Sudan coffee ..... 0.022. .202 22-2 eee eee eee 159 PUPpPULea . 222. Lee eee eee eee 175 SurirQyd ...0.2-2- 22 eee ee eee eee eee cee 384 | Teramnus.........2...-.--22222-- 2 eee eee 139, 201 biseriata ....2.. 22-2. e ee ee eee eee eee eee ee 384 UNCINACUS . 22. eee eee eee 201 JASLWOSA. . 2.222 eee eee eee 385 | Terebinthus..............2---.----- eee eee 117 JOVMOSA. 0.005220 eee eee eee eee 385 aloexylon ......-..-.-22- 222-22 e ee eee ee 118 palens . 2.22.22... 22222 eee eee eee 385 aptera....-.. 22222 e ee eee eens 118 PODUSE. .. 222 eee ee eee eee eee 386 arborea 2.2.2... 22... 2-2 eee ee eee eens 118 Surirella ..........22-2.--- + 323, 878, 382, 388, 383, 386 arida..... 2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 118 australis 2.02... 22 cee ee eee eee eee eee 823 bicolor ........-....-2..2.--222 eee ee eee 118 bifroms ...........-------. 0-22-22 ee eee ee 334 biflora...... 2... 02.2 eee eee ee eee eee 119 biseriata .......2 0222.2 e ee eee eee ee eee 384. bipinnata ...............2.-2.2222 ee eee 119 eraticuld .. 0... ..202-. 020-2 e eee ee eee eee 342, 368 tT 118 CUNCALD 22.2 ee eee eee eee eee 385 cerasifolia.... 2.2... 0.22 ee eee eee eee eee 119 ellipticd... 2.22... 20 20.2 ee eee eee eee 383 CINCTCA. 2... eee eee eee eee eee 119 fastuosa ........2.....2.. 222-222 22- 22 eee 385 cuneata .......... 0220-2. eee eee eee eee ee 119 fOTMOSA ....2---2--0 2 ee eee eee ee eee eee 385 delpechiana. ........-0-..ece eee eeeeee 119 hohenackerii .......-..-.--20-.--0---065- 385 excelsa.. i... eee eee elec eeeeee 119 LAE oo ee eee eee eee eee eee 385 fagaroides ............------. 2.52. eeeee 119 librile 00.02. .0-02. 0000-22 e ee eee eee eee eee 382 fragilis. .....2..22-22- 22-22 eee eee eee ee 119 NOBILIS . 2.0. cece eee ee 386 galeottiana....... 2.222222. -2- eee ee eee .. 119 NOVICD cee eee cence eee eee eee eee eee eee 389 glabrescens ....-....-.-2----2--2-e-eeeee 119 OOPNAENG. .. 2-22-22 ee eee eee eee ees 383 gracilis. .........2.20 -- 222 e eee eee eee eee 119 OVUM. coe cee eee ee eee e ee 383 grandifolia. .........0.. 22 -e eee eee e eee 119 patens ........2 20-2022. e ee cee eee eee 385 graveolens .......----...0-s.ece scene eee 119 PlicAtl . 20. eee ee ee ee eee eee ee eee 383 heterophylla........-2--...2-.-2.ee002- 119 QUOYNEVENSIS 0.022 eee ee eee 329 jonesii .... 2.2.2... 6. eee eee eee eee eee 119 robusta.....2.2..20-22ee cece eee eee eeee 385 jorullensis .......--..------.--eeee ee eee 119 SOLU. occ e nce e ee cee eee cece eee eees 382 karwinskii ....2 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee eee 119 spiralis ...............-22 2202 eee eee eee 384 kerberi.........----... 00-02 eee eee e eee ee 119 splendid ....2-..22.2.00- eee eee ee eee 386 Jancifolia .......... 0... eee ee ewe eee 120 teMera .... 2. eee ee eee eee eee eee 386 Januginosa ......--.--2-2222- 22s eee e eee 120 UNAAA. 2.22. ee ee eee eee eee eee 383 longipes.... 22... 222... e eee eee e eee 120 undulata... 22.2222 eee eee eee ee ee eee 383 macdougali .............222.22--22200e- 120 VQUGA. 0.02 e ee ee eee eee 386 mexicana .......0..0... 2002222 e eee eee 120 Symbolophora ......--.2-. 02-22-02 eee eee eee ee 246 microphylla. ...... 2.22.2... 2222-222 eee ee 120 NEXUS... eee 256 morelensis .......--....-----2200----205 120 NECTONELAS «2... en eee eee ee 256 multifolia .........-20..02 2-22 e eee eee eee 120 micropentds.......-.---++-- wee ee eee eeeee 256 multijuga ............ 22. eee eee eee 121 microtetras.........22--2-.-222----2 2222-2 256 odorata...........22.2222220 0222 eee eee 121 microtrids....-.- 2... 2.2 e eee eee eee 256 Ovalifolia ........0...0 0222222222220 2 2 121 534 INDEX. Terebinthus—Continued. Page. | Triceratium—Continued. Page. palmeri 2.2.2... 2.22.22 e eee eee eee eee 121 JUMMUM ee eee eee eee eee 291 PANNOSA.. 22222. ee eee eee ee eee ee ee 121 (FOP MOSUIN 2000 ee eee 291 penicillata ...................2222--+--- 121 Gibbosum 2.00.22. eee eee ee eee cee eee 310 pringlei ..........20.0..22 22. ee eee eee 121 QONTE o.oo eee eee eee eee 291, 803, 304, 308 rhoifolia..........2....--....---.---- 121, 122 a 206 TUDTA 2.2.22 ee eee eee eee eee 121 harrisonianwin . 2.0... .e cece ee eee eee eee 293 schaffneri ...................2---220005- 122 inelegans ..........2..20..20. 202 ee eee ee 294 schiedeana .................----+-----0- 122 tntricatum 22.02.00. ee eee eee 297 schlechtendahlii.................-..--- 122 JOAVANICUM. 020 eee eee eee 315 sessiliflora.. .....222..2..2...-- 0220s 122 JevreMtanunt . 20.22. eee ee eee 268 simaruba ..........2-..-22-----------0-- 122 JORMNSONE. . 22 ee eee 295 submoniliformis...................----- 122 GUNCALENSE.. 2 ee eee eee 298, 294 subtrifoliata....0...............--...--- 122 GJUNHUM 0 cece ee ences 300 tenuifolia................2....-2-4-.- 121 122 TUWMINOSUM 2.2 eee eee 296, 305 tomentosa ......-.-..--22-20-- 2222222 e ee 122 MOUS 0. ccc ec een eee nee eee enews 296 Terpsinoe ............---..2--22--222--+- 289, 314 MegastOMUM 2.2.22... ee eee eee eee eee 303 GMEVICONG . 2.22.22 eee eee eee eee 3l4 MEMBIANACCUM. ©. 22. e ee eee eee eee eee 295 brebissonii .............22-2.----2-----+-- BS) microcephaluit .... 00.06. e ee eee wees «204 intermedia .........2.. 022222 ee 314 MUPICALUM ©... eee ee eee eee 308, 804 JOPONICH .. 22. eee 314 NIiCObDATICUM. 0.00... eee eee ee eee 294 Javanensis ....... 22.2260 eee eee eee 3l4 ObtUSUM. 2.22. eee eee eee 293 MAGN... 2-2 eee eee ee ee eee eee 3l4 OrDicUlatuin . 2... ee ee ee eee 310 MINIM ... 222.0222 eee eee eee eee eee eee 314 orientale ......2222220-2-0 022 c eee eee eee 304 musica ............-22-0 see eee eee 314, 315, 826 OPNAMUM, 6.222 eee eee eee eee eeseee 309 tetragrammda. .... 22-2. eee eee ee eee ee eee 314 PALGW 6... ce cee eee eee eee 295 Tessella .....2.-2..2002220 eee eee eee eee ee B21 papillatum 2... ee eee e eee 306 adriatica .........0.....22...-2---2------ 321 parallelum 22... 6c ee eee ee eee 290, 298 arcuata .........2..------ wee eee eeeeee 321, 322 PANTAUS 2. ee ee eee eee 294 catena .....22....---222 eee eee ee eee eee 321, Sve pileus.........2.22.222222 222 e 2 eee ee eee 310 interrupta ........22...222-2-.2-2--+---- s2L plaAno-CONCHVUM . 2.2.22... 0 2022 eee eee 294 Japonica ....2. 22.622 e ee eee eee eee 322 PUNCLALUM 2... cece eee eee cece e ee 294, 295 Tetragramma .... 22.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 314 GQUAUPANGUIATE 0... ce eee eee eee 291 QMeViCANG . 2.222. eee ee eee eee eee 314 quinquelobatum, 2.20... 022 e eee eee eee 291 Tetrapodiseus ......-. eee e cece cece eee wees 277 Le 297 Toddavaddi dendroides............- ceeeeeee 116 radioso-reticulatuin. . 0.0.2.2 eee eee eee 292 Torulinium ...........0..-2------ 20-2000 448, 454 VeliCuUlUM 2.2... ee ee eee ee 294 confertum..........0-0--2..-0 2 eee eee eee 454 TODEVESTANUIN . 000 ee eee 308 TOXONITKED 2 ee ee eee ee eee eee 362, 363 SCUUTUM. oo ee eee eee 303, 304 Trachyneis antillarwm. .....2..22.02-22000 eee 336 SCUIPLUM 2.2.2. ee cee eee ee 294, 295 CC 0 338 SEPTQIUM 2... ee cee eee ee 309 TVAQUS . 0.2 ee eee nee cence eens 2 SCLIGEVUM,. 022 cee eee eee eee 309, 310 elatior .......2222.2222 00222 e eee eee 2 shadboltianuit .2.......2022.2.0222-22-2- 310 Triceratium......-.--- 267, 289, 200, 292, 296, 298, 314 BOL Le ee eee eee 207 CQULEPNONS . oo eee eee eee neee 290 SPINOSWI oo 22 o oe eee eee eee 309, 310 GNEANCHCUM occa ccc e cece e ene cee eeeeee 291 striolatunt.. 02... eee 295 antlediluvianum . 22.2... 002 2. eee eee ee 299 subeapitatwii. . 0.20.22. oe eee eee 294 OrCtiCUM 202. 290, 291 tabellarium ....... 220.0022 e eee eee 295 ealifornicum ...................---- 291 tridactylon . 2.00.0... cence eee eee eee 310 Ormatum...... 022-2 eee eee eee ee eee 309, 310 trinttas. 0.0.0.0... eee eee eee 296 DICOINE... 2.2. eee ee eee eee eee eee 301 UNAUALUM . 0 eee eee 297 biquadratum ......---.--++-----++----- 300, 311 Te 0) | 290 brevinervum .. 2222-22 eee eee ee eee 295 VENULOSUM. 2 ec eee eee 295 brightwellii......-..222..-222220222-202-+- 297 zonulatum.......---- wee eee eee ee eee ee 296 DrOWNEANUM . 2.222. eee eee eee 295 | Trichelostylis capillaris.......-2...022222--++ 459 OuUllOSUM 22.22. cece ce eee eee eee eee eee 301 MiliACOd. 0.222 ee eee 458 CALIPOYNICUM 22.2.2 eee eee eee eee 308 | Trigonium..................--2..22202020 289, 292 COMPCCRIANUM 2.22.2 cece eee eee eee eee 290 adspersum .........-2.-.2-0002 eee ee eee 292 COMpPLUM 22.0.2 2 cee eee eee eee eee eee 3038 alternans.......2.2.-2-2-2-.222- 022 e eee 290 CONSIMIELE . eee ee eee eee 300 areticum . 22.222... 22 eee eee eee eee 289, 200 COSCINOLMES 6 cece eee eee eee eee 292 einnamomeum........-2-...-2--+--2-205 292 CVENQMUM. ......---2----522-2--222- veeeae 297 cosecinoides... 2.2.2... 222.222. 2 eee eee eee 202 CUSPIAdlUM 2.222222 2-0 eee eee eee eee 304 parallelum ...22......22.2222-222...000- 29: ehrenbergit ....-22-2-00-00-02 eee eee eee 297 plano-concavum .........22252.2-2-2--- 204 Cl€QANS . 2.2.2.2 eee eee eee sll reticulo-radiatum......22..--22-- 2 sees 293 elongatum.......2222202 22022 ee eee 810 rusticum........222..2...----..-2---. 292, 294 favUSs......0022220 202222 2 eee 289, 308, 304 sculptum ..........-.------+------------- 204 Jfimbriatum ...2....222-20222222 0202 eee eee 303 striolatum.......--..-22-..2..---0------ 295 INDEX. 535 Trigonium—Continued. Page. | Uncinia—Continued. Page. tabellarium .......2.0..220200.0.20...02-- 295 GTACHIS 2. eee cee eee eee 468 trinitas ...... 22.2... eee eee 296 jJamaicensis ...........0.2.00 2 eee e ee ee ee 468 MINTMO . 222 eee ee eee eee eee 296 tenuis . 2.22.22 eee ee cee eee 468 ZONUTALUM . 0... ee ee eee ee eee ee eee 296 | Vanheurckia........2.02 000202 e ee eee 334, 359, 360 TVINQCTIO . eee eee eee eee ec eee 289, 312, 313 CTASSINEVVIG. . 2.2 eee eee eee eee. 361 Triodia CUPTEQ. 2.200.222. cece eee eee eee 42 THOMBOIMCS. 20. 361 MECUMBENS 2.222. eee eee eee 42 a 361 Triplasis purpurea............2.2.2.222...-. 42 | Vigna... 2.22 eee eee eee 140, 216 Tripodiscus .-.....-.2.2.... 002 ce eee eee eee 247,277 TOPCNS . 2.022 eee eee eee eee 217 affinis ........0...0000. cee ee eee eee eens 278 unguieulata ........0 02200 0222222222- 138, 218 ATEUS ......0....200020 00022 eee eee 277, 278, 281 vexilata 2.2... 0020.02 217 beringensis ..............00.0000.2.0000-- 278 | Viltaria .. 02.22... eee eee 486, 487 concentricus......2.....0.0 0.0222 e ee eee 278 GNGUSELPOLIN. 000 eee ee eee 487 cosmiodiseus .....22....2222..00..0. 002 279 scolopendrina ...........2.20cceee scenes 486 QETMANICUS. 20 ee eee eee 277 | Vulpia, genus ..........022.. 00220202222 eee 2,10 kinkeri...... 22... eee 279 Vulpia, subgenus.......20.22.0.2....2.22..-. 8,10 JAXUS 22... eee ee eee cece eee eee 280 | MYUNOS 2 eee ee eee eee eee eee ee 2 Margaritaceus ..........2.-...2.. 0020 e eee 280 | MYUTOS hirsuta... eee eee eee ee ee 17 OPeQONUS 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee P80 | Willemoesia..........0 0.02200 cccee ec eeeceeee 246 orientalis ..............000002.-202- eee ee 280 | Wissadula glandulosa ......2...2.........-- 12% TadiOsus . 2.2.2... 222222 ee eee eee ee 281 | lozani .. 2.2... 2.2 eee cece eee ence 124 rogersii ....2...0.2..0.202200eeeeeeeeee 277, 281 | pringlei .......0....02..0. 202222 124 scaber 2.2.22... eee eee eee ee eee 281) Wittia 2.2... eee 269 thumii.......2.......0 0.000. e eee ee eee 278 | Nanthiopyeis ....0. 02.0002 eee eee 389, 244, 287 tripartitus ...2.2....2....0.00. 2022202 281 | ODIONGG 0. oe eee eee eee eee ee eee 389 Triticum loliacewm.........222-2220.0200 20. 3 | PANdUr(fOrMmis 0.2... cece eee eee eee 389 Tropldonets 2.2... cee cece eee eeee 367 | Nanthoxalis.......2.2...2.0...20-220. 0020. 116 van heurchti... 0c... ee eee ee eee 367 Xiphidium coeruleum...................... 467 Truania ......2..... 0.22.00 20 22 eee eee eee ee PY A 7 145, 148 Tryblionelld. 2... cece eee veneer eee 378, 382, 384 | boba.... 2.2.22... eee eee eee eee 144 ANGUSLUG 000. cee eee eee eee 379 Zormia ... 222.002.2222. e ee eee cece eceecees 138, 185 CT 380 Giphylla.. 2... 2. eee 185 lata Clegans .. 2.22206. e cece cee eee eee BBO AYQOCEVOS 6.0 ee eee cece ee eee nee 289, 298 PUNCIUD ©... ec e eee eee eee eee eee 381 | DAMQOND 2.22 ee eee eee ee ee ee 289, 291 TUNA... 2... eee eee eee eee eee ee 84, 126 | MODITIONSTS . oe eee ee ee ee eee 306 Ufia de gato ...... 0... ee eee eee eee eee 142 POCIQKUS 6 eee eee cece 291, 298 UnCinia. 2. eee eee eee cece ee eee ee 444, 468 | CUOMCYE oe eee eee eee eee een eeneee 307 O