Pe ae y Salle '. va Pao 4 GIANT CEDARS | THUJA PLICATA. Tnoueist land near Rlbe. Shield ferus ( Polvstichtum quitinittrm) on the foreserotuid and heamlocks toe heterophydley in the baekeround. Reproduced by courtesy or the Porcest servicn, FLORA OF WASHINGTON, ADVERTISEMENT. The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the Department of Agriculture, and continued to be maintained by that Department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri- culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports entitled “ Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium,” begun in the year 1890, until, on July 1, 1902, the National Museum, in pur- suance of an act of Congress, assumed responsibility for the publi- cation. The first seven volumes of the series were issued by the Department of Agriculture. Ricuarp Ratupsun, Acting Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM VOLUME XI FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON MY By CHARLES V. PIPER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 FILE COPY LIBRARY JUN 14 1933 PAN AMERIGAN UNION BILLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM: IssuED OcroperR 8, 1906. PREFACE. The following account of the flora of the State of Washington, by Prof. C. V. Piper, is based on his study of the plants of that State during a period of twenty years. This work was carried on in chance hours of leisure and in occasional summer vacations. During most of the college year 1899-1900, however, Professor Piper was at the Gray Herbarium looking up critical material and examining the specimens of older collectors, especially those upon which publications had been based. Considerable time was devoted also to other large herbaria, particularly those of the United States National Museum, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and of the New York Botanical Garden. The private herbaria of Prof. L. F. Henderson, of Mr. Thomas Howell, and of Mr. W. N. Suksdorf were likewise freely consulted. Most of the types of the new species published by Professor Piper in the present work and in earlier papers are in the United States National Herbarium, and a large part of the whole material on which this flora is based is also represented there. In the course of his work Professor Piper examined specimens of nearly all the collections made within the confines of the State of Washington, so far as these are to be found in American herbaria. Thus it was possible to ascertain the identity of nearly all the species which had been accredited to the State through erroneous determi- nation. Unfortunately several of the specimens upon which the names in published lists were based are not now to be found in the herbaria in which they might be expected. This is true particu- larly of Cooper’s plants and in less degree of those of the Wilkes Expedition, so that the identity of such plants can only be surmised. In publications on the collections of Menzies, Douglas, Scouler, and Tolmie there are many plant names that can be definitely rectified only by examining the original specimens. It is quite certain also that the current interpretation of a number of species based on these early collections is erroneous. Their correction will require an exam- ination of the types, which are in European herbaria. With few exceptions no species has been admitted into this flora unless its author has actually studied Washington specimens. In the course of the preparation of this work Professor Piper be- came indebted to many botanists for assistance. He states that he 5 6 PREFAOE. is under especial obligations to Prof. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray Herbarium, for kindly counsel, as well as for much aid in the genus Lupinus; to Mr. Frederick V. Coville, of the National Herbarium, for his continuous helpful advice; to Dr. N. L. Britton, of the New York Botanical Garden, Mr. Stewardson Brown, of the Acad- emy of Sciences of Philadelphia, and Dr. C. F. Millspaugh, of the Field Columbian Museum, for the privileges of consulting the her- baria of which they have charge; to Mr. M. L. Fernald, of the Gray Herbarium, for technical assistance in various genera; to Dr. J. M. Greenman, of the Field Columbian Museum, for aid in Senecio; to Mr. A. A. Eaton, for a key to the species of Isoetes; to Mr. P. L. Ricker and Mr. W. F. Wight, of the Department of Agriculture, for assistance in bibliography; to Dr. Theodor Holm and Prof. C. F. Wheeler for aid in the genus Carex. Thanks are extended to the many persons who have favored Pro- fessor Piper with their collections of Washington plants, especially Mr. Kirk Whited, of Wenache, Washington; Prof. R. M. Horner, of Waitsburg, Washington; Prof. J. B. Flett, of Tacoma, Washington, and Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon. For the privilege of examining their private herbaria Professor Piper is indebted to Mr. Thomas Howell, of Milwaukee, Oregon; to Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen, Washington, and to Prof. L. F. Hen- derson, of Moscow, Idaho. Freperick V. CoviItie, Curator of the United States National Herbarium. CONTENTS. Page Introduction. ..........-.-...--._-. -------------------------------------- 9 The botanical explorers of Washington. __...-.-.--.---------------------- 10 Menzies ....._..____. ____------ eee eee eee ee ee ee ee 11 Lewis __...------- nnn eee 11 Douglas -._..--.--.-------------------- -------------------- ---- ------ 12 Scouler _______._-..-.-----.---.------------ -------------------------- 13 Tolmie _..__.._____-__..--.----------- +--+ ------ -- +--+ +--+ ------ 14 Gairdner _______--__--.-. ..-.---.-___-------------------------------- 14 Wyeth ._._........--------------------------------------- + --- +--+ 14 Nuttall__.______.......-.-------------------- (ee eee eee eee eee eee 14 Pickering and Brackenridge ---.-...---.------------------------------ 15 Geyer_--- | eee ee (ee ee ee eee ee eee 16 Spalding = = __-. -- ee ee eee eee ee ee eee > 16 Lyall... see eee eee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee 16 Jeffrey _..4#__._-_---.-------- --- =. 22 2-2 = 2 22 2 - --- --- 17 Cooper __.___.__-.--------------------- ----------- +--+ -- 2-25 52-2 17 Collectors since 1860 ___.._ --------------- Oe ee ee eee eee ee 17 Physiography and geology ----. -----.------------------------------------ 20 The Pacific Coastal Plain _..........__..----------------------------- 20 The Olympic Mountains --_.-_.--....-.-------------------------------- 21 The Puget Sound Basin __._-_--.------------------------------------- 21 The Cascade Mountains .__.......---.-------------------------------- 22 The Okanogan Highlands __-.-------.-------------------- ------------ 24 The Columbia Plains. _._...........---.-------------------- neces a 24 The Blue Mountains _____...---.----------.-------------------------- 26 Climate ________._...---.. 2 eee ee ee eee ee ee 26 Precipitation ___.__.___-.-------------------------------. ------------ 26 Sunshine and cloudiness ___.__. ..-.----.----------------------------- 29 Temperature ___....._.-.-------------------------------------------- 30 Western Washington --.--.- wee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 30 Eastern Washington. _._..__.------------------ ------------------ 31 Winds ___..__________ eee eens we ee ee eee ee eee 32 The Zonal distribution of Washington plants - --- --- ee eee eee eee eee eee 33 Upper Sonoran life area...._....------------------------------- ee 36 Origin of the Upper Sonoran flora ---...--.------------------------ 37 Humid Transition area _..........----------------------------------- 40 Uplands. .__.....------------------------------------ +--+ -------- 41 Bottom lands __._.__-...-. ---------------------- woe eee eee eee eee 42 Gravelly prairies __.__-.-------.------------------ eee ee eee eee 42 Seashores._____._______-------------------- --- 2 ee ee ee ee 45 Sphagnum bogs____------------------------------------- - loan eee 46 The Coastal strip __.._.-.---------------------------------------- 46 Arid Transition area ___.____.--..-------.---------------------------- 47 The Bunchgrass prairies ____--.._.-------------------------------- 48 The Yellow Pine forests. _...---- (oe eee ee ee eee ee ee eee eee eee 50 8 CONTENTS. The Zonal distribution of Washington plants—Continued. Page. Origin of the Arid Transition flora_...........- ©.) 8-8 51 The Californian element. ...........__..____. oo eee 51 The Rocky Mountain element...............__________._.... a 52 The Columbia Basin element._._...__.___...--.---.-... 8 52 Comparison of the Humid and Arid Transition floras. _.._.._..._.___. 53 The Canadian zone __.--_.--. ©. 5-68 58 The Hudsonian zone__._._...-.....---- 2-2 - 60 The Arctic zone ___._---_-. 2-22 222 62 Regions of peculiar botanical interest... _.......____.______........... 65 The Olympic Mountains___------- 68-8 65 The Columbia Gorge __._-.-.-----.-- 6 eee ee 67 Klickitat County .-.. _. 2022-222 68 Mount Stuart and the Wenache Mountains oe ee 68 The Blue Mountains--..0 © © -88) 71 Plants known to occur only in Washington. __._______.___......__. ~o eee 7 Plants which probably will be found to occur in Washington ____.._..___. 75 Annotated catalogue of the species of vascular plants of Washington_____ 76 Addenda _..-.-.-.0 2-22-2222 80 ee 613 Bibliography -...-....------- 2-20-28 eee 615 Geographic index.-...----. ©) =. eee wae ne ee eee eee ee eee 619 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Facing page. PuLaTE I. Giant cedars (Thuja plicata) _.. __.._.__....._._....... Frontispiece II. Topographic map of Washington... _....- =. 20 III. Characteristic vegetation of the bluffs along Puget Sound. .____- 21 IV. Steamboat Rock, in the Grand . oulee _____.___-_.._____ 25 V. Rainfall map of Washington _. Wee ee eee 28 VI. Sagebrush plains in Yakima County... -.....--.._._._... a 36 VI. Forest of red fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) in Washington ______- 41 VIII. Characteristic view in a moist forest .-..... _....__.___.___... 41 IX. Pasture-like gravelly prairies of Pierce County... _________. 42 X. Lupinus rivularis on the gravelly prairies in Pierce County ___. 43 XI. Prairie of bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) on the Horse Heaven Hills, Klickitat County_. a 48 XII. Range lands near White Stone Lake, Okanogan County __ ~ eee eee 48 XIII. View in a coulee near Lyons Ferry __.-.----.-2 2-8. 49 XIV. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa)......-__________... 50 XV. Forest of yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa)_.._.______.__..._.__._. 50 XVI. Forest of hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)... ._--___..._. 58 XVII. Subalpine firs (Abies lasiocarpa) in Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier ------ 2-22) ee 60 XVIII. Vegetation of the Gorge of the Columbia River___.__.___. 67 XIX. Bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) growing on basalt outcrop- pings ----- 2 ee 146 XX. White hellebore (Veratrum californicum) Woe eee eee 196 XXII. Iris missouriensis______- wee eee eee eee 202 XXII. Lupinus ornatus in low meadows. near ‘Wenas ween ee eee eee 355 MAP. Map showing the floral areas of the State of Washington __.________. In pocket FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. INTRODUCTION. The principal aim of the author in this work is to present a sum- mary of our present knowledge of the vascular plants of Washington and to call attention to the more important problems, both taxonomic and ecological, which have become disclosed. Simple kevs to the genera and species are inserted so as to give the work a wider usefulness. The nomenclature aims to follow the recently proposed Philadel- phia Code. In accordance with the rules of this code in the matter of generic names, it is not improbable that several of those here used will have to be changed when the necessary bibliographical researches have been made. As the important synonomy is here given with each species, there will be little difficulty in coordinating the name adopted with any other commonly used heretofore, or which may be proposed hereafter. As regards the limitation of species the author has in the main adopted © rather conservative attitude. Some of the recently pro- posed species seem well founded even if the differences are slight. In other cases the species or subspecies seem to be based on too slight characters and are therefore unworthy of nomenclatorial recogni- tion. As one’s acceptance or rejection of a proposed species depends in part on personal judgment, and in part on the evidence available, attention is, in nearly all cases, called to those which the author rejects. In all such cases additional material, as well as careful field notes, is desirable for the better understanding of the forms in question. In the matter of the tendency common at present to raise to generic rank what have heretofore been considered subgenera, the writer likewise takes a conservative attitude. It is at least doubtful if the very large number of new names thus occasioned does not more than counterbalance any advantage argued in favor of the practice. Certainly the carrying of the practice to such an extreme that genera are considered to be made up of species of similar habit, rather than to be based on structural characters, seems inadvisable. Neither does it impress one as a valid argument that, because in some extremely natural families the genera must perforce be based on very slight 9 10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. differences, similar characters must be given equal consideration in all families. The Pacific northwest is a region with great physiographic and correspondingly great climatic differences. In consonance with the physical factors there are many and striking peculiarities in the dis- tribution of the plant species occupying this area, and the attempt is here made on the basis of the writer’s familiarity with the region, and the recorded data of others, to determine some of the complex ‘auses which have brought about the present plant distribution. It is more than possible that some of the conclusions here reached or suggested may be based quite as much on our lack of knowledge as on definite information. While this may eventually prove to be the case, the suggestions here advanced may nevertheless serve as working hypotheses when a more complete botanical survey shall be undertaken. Many of the data upon which the origin of the present flora of Washington depends must be sought to the southward, a region here considered only incidentally, but which must needs be more fully explored before certain conclusions here suggested can be either veri- fied or overthrown. THE BOTANICAL EXPLORERS OF WASHINGTON. The following brief account of the botanical explorers of Wash- ington refers to their labors mainly in so far as they concern the region covered by this work. Inasmuch as both Washington and Idaho were included in Oregon until 1853, many of the earlier col- lections in these States are ascribed simply to “ Oregon,” though Washington and north Idaho are sometimes referred to as “ Upper Oregon,” notably in Geyer’s explorations. Before the name Oregon became attached to the northwest Pacific region the interior portions, especially south Idaho and eastern Oregon, were more or less vaguely included in “ Upper California,” a phrase not unusual on Douglas’s plant labels, and quite frequently used in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage. Still earher than this the name “ New Georgia ” was em- ployed, mainly for the region bordering Puget Sound and the Gulf of Georgia. The most vague term of all, “ Northwest Coast,” has been made by different writers to include everything from the northern boundary of California to Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the approximate meaning of tliis phrase can be gleaned in each case where used only by indirect means. The botanical explorations of Washington are conveniently grouped into two periods. The first of these includes all the explorers previous to 1860, namely, Menzies, Lewis, Douglas, Scouler, Tolmie, Gairdner, Wyeth, Nuttall, Pickering and Brackenridge, Geyer, Spalding, Jef- PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 11 frey, Cooper, and Lyall. Besides these may be mentioned Mocino, who botanized at Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, in 1792, and Thaddeus Haenke, who was at the same place in 1791. Nootke Sound, an important harbor in early times, was also visited by Menzies and by Scouler, and consequently is the type locality of many northwestern species. MENZIES. Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) was the surgeon and naturalist with Vancouver during his explorations from 1790 to 1795, during which time a thorough exploration was made of Puget Sound and adjacent waters, and of the Columbia River as far up as the site of Fort Vancouver. Previous to this time Menzies had already visited the * Northwest Coast” in a trading vessel and had made some col- lections. Sets of his plants are at Kew and in the British Museum. A very few are in the Gray Herbarium. In descriptions, Menzies’s plants are commonly ascribed to the * Northwest Coast,” or to “ New Georgia.” A considerable number are definitely known to have been collected at Nootka Sound, and it would perhaps be possible to ascer- tain the exact source of most of them. LEWIS. In conjunction with William Clark, Meriwether Lewis (1774- 1809) made the famous transcontinental exploration in 1804-1806. All of his botanical collections that concern Washington plants were made on the return trip in 1806, and it has been possible from the labels on the specimens and the detailed journals of the expedition to determine accurately where each specimen was gathered. Most of these which concern Washington plants were collected, or described, from Fort Clatsop, near Astoria, Oreg.; at the Cascades, or “ Grand Rapids ” of the Columbia; at * Fort Rock Camp,” or The Dalles of the Columbia; at Camp Chopunnish, on the Clearwater, opposite the present town of Kamiah, Idaho, and at “ Quamash Flats,” now Weippe Prairie, Idaho. Lewis’s plants were described by Pursh in 1814 in Flora Americae Septentrionalis. A nearly complete set of his specimens is in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. A few of these are Pursh’s actual types, but most of them are duplicates. A curious fact pointed out by Coues is that whenever Lewis described a plant in detail in his journal he rarely collected a specimen. This is notably true of the trees in the vicinity of Fort Clatsop, which Lewis described with considerable care. Rafinesque afterwards gave botan- ical names to these trees, based wholly on Lewis’s descriptions. 12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. DOUGLAS. David Douglas (1799-1834), a Scotch botanist sent out by the London Horticultural Society, made extensive collections in two journeys, the first from 1824 to 1827. In this journey Douglas explored the larger portion of what is now Washington and much of Oregon and Idaho. He returned to England in 1827, traveling over- land from Fort Vancouver to Hudson Bay, where he fortunately found a whaling vessel. The second journey occupied the vears 1830 to 1833. The summer of 1830 was spent in Washington and Oregon. From December, 1830, to October, 1832, he was in California and the Hawaiian Islands, whence he again reached the Columbia River October 23, 1832. The ensuing twelve months were spent in Wash- ington and Oregon. October 18, 1833, Douglas sailed from the mouth of the Columbia to the Hawaiian Islands, where he met his death July 12, 1834. During all of his trips Douglas kept a journal, and this is now in the possession of the London Horticultural Society. The principal! parts of this journal were published after Douglas’s death in the ‘Companion to the Botanical Magazine,” by Sir W. J. Hooker, in 1836. This paper has recently been reprinted by the Oregon Histor- ical Society. From it the following epitome of Deuglas’s northwest- ern explorations are drawn: Reaching Fort Vancouver April 19, 1825, Douglas spent the first two months collecting in the immediate vicinity. From June 20 to August 5 he botanized along the Columbia between Vancouver and The Dalles. On August 19 he started up the Willamette, reaching a point 38 kilometers (24 miles) above the falls. The second week in September he ascended the high mountains on each side of the Columbia, a very arduous task. On the mountain on the south side, he discovered Abies amabilis and A. nobilis. The time from Octo- ber 22 until November 15 was spent in a trip to the mouth of the Columbia, thence up the coast to Willapa and Gray harbors. From the latter place he ascended the Chehalis River and returned to Van- couver down the Cowlitz. Owing to extremely bad weather, all the collections of this trip were lost. The winter was spent at Fort Vancouver. March 20, 1826, Douglas started for Fort Walla Walla, now the site of Wallula, which he reached on the 28th. April 1 he was at Priest Rapids, April 6 at the mouth of the Okanogan, and April 11 at the mouth of the Spokane, where he remained eight days. April 19 he started for Kettle Falls, where much of the time until June 4 was spent. Proceeding overland to Walla Walla, he remained there until June 19. During the three weeks succeeding he made two trips into the Blue Mountains. On July 17 he started up the Snake River, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 13 reaching the mouth of the Clearwater July 24. Douglas collected about the present site of Lewiston and in the adjacent Craig Moun- tains until the 80th. July 31 he started overland for Kettle Falls, which he reached August 4, going by way of Old Fort Spokane. Here he remained until the 18th, when he proceeded to Fort Okano- gan on horseback, thence down the Columbia, reaching Vancouver August 31. The remainder of this season was spent in a trip to the head of the Umpqua River, where he discovered the sugar pine, near the present site of Roseburg. On March 20, 1827, he started for England, going up the Columbia to Kettle Falls on foot. From here he made his way across the continent to Hudson Bay, whence he sailed in a whaling ship. On Douglas’s second journey he reached the Columbia June 3, 1831. Most of this season was spent in the Blue Mountains region, where he collected “ one hundred new species ” of plants. From October 10 until December 23 he was at the mouth of the Columbia. From then until October 23, 1832, he was in California and the Sandwich Islands. Reaching the Columbia again October 28, 1832, he spent the fall collecting mosses and seaweeds along the coast. In the spring of 1833 he again ascended the Columbia, reaching Fort Oka- nogan April 9. The early part of the summer was spent on Fraser River, but all his collections were lost by the upsetting of his canoe, and Douglas barely escaped with his life. July 15, 1833, he was again at Walla Walla, whence he made excursions for the third time into the Blue Mountains. October 18, 1833, he sailed from the mouth of the Columbia. The extent and amount of this man’s collections during the three seasons he spent in the Northwest almost surpass belief. His collections are described in Hooker’s Flora Boreali- Americana. A few of his duplicates are in the Gray Herbarium, but the most complete set is at Kew. SCOULER. Dr. John Scouler (1804-1871) was the companion of Douglas on his first journey. His collections were confined to the single season of 1825. During April and May he collected with Douglas mainly at the mouth of the Columbia and at Fort Vancouver. From June until September Scouler spent on a trip to Nootka Sound and return, during which he is said to have visited nearly every harbor along that stretch of coast. Some of his specimens are labeled “ Straits of de Fuca; ” others “ Nootka Sound.” The best set is in the Brit- ish Museum. Scouler’s manuscript journal is in the possession of the Oregon Historical Society and, it is stated, will soon be published. 14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. TOLMIE. Dr. W. F. Tolmie (died in 1886) went to Fort Vancouver in 1832 as a medical officer to the Hudson Bay Company. He had been a pupil of Sir W. J. Hooker, to whom he sent many botanical speci- mens. Tolmie’s duties caused him to travel quite widely in the Northwest, but little is known of the details of his journeys. He was the first botanist to visit Mount Rainier, on the slopes of which he collected in 1837. Tolmie’s specimens are mostly labeled “ Fort Vancouver,” “ Multnomah River,” and “ N. W. Coast.” Many speci- mens collected in the “ Snake country ” of south Idaho and described in the Botany of Beechey’s Voyage, are usually accredited to Tolmie, though he expressly states that they were gathered for him by a friend. GAIRDNER. Dr. Meredith Gairdner, a surgeon of the Hudson Bay Company, collected a few plants about Fort Vancouver, where he died prior to 1840. His specimens are at Kew. Carum gairdneri, the finest food plant of the northwestern Indians, commemorates his name. WYETH. Nathaniel Wyeth, the adventurous and enterprising American trav- cler and trader, crossed the continent on his first journey in 1832. On his return trip in 1833 he crossed the mountains in north Idaho, and made a small collection of plants on the Flathead River. These were described by his friend, Nuttall, in the Journal of the Phila- delphia Academy of Sciences, new series, volume 7. Wyeth’s jour- nals were published in 1889 by the Oregon Historical Society. NUTTALL. Thomas Nuttall (1786-1859), an Englishman by birth, one of the most acute and able of American botanists, spent the years 1834 to 1836 botanizing in the West. He was a member of Wyeth’s second expedition, crossing the continent by the “ Oregon Trail.” He reached Fort Walla Walla about September 3, 1834, and Fort Van- couver September 16. On the overland trip Nuttall collected a very large number of species, considering the circumstances. December 11 he sailed for the Sandwich Islands, returning to the Columbia the following spring. His headquarters during 1835 were on Sauvie Island, at the mouth of the Willamette River, then called Wappatoo Island. Nuttall made but few and short excursions from his base, apparently finding enough to occupy his energies there. He did, however, collect about the Willamette Falls, Fort Vancouver, and the mouth of the Columbia. His original collection is in the British PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 15 Museum, but good sets of his specimens are in the Gray and Torrey herbaria, and many others are in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. PICKERING AND BRACKENRIDGE. Dr. Charles Pickering and Mr. W. D. Brackenridge were the botanists of the exploring expedition under Commodore Wilkes. Their botanical explorations so far as Washington is concerned were briefly as follows: May 2, 1841, the expedition was at Port Discovery, remaining there until the 6th instant. On the trip up Puget Sound stops were made at Appletree Cove and Port Madison. The expedi- tion reached Fort Nisqually May 11, which place became the headquarters for the explorations in the interior. Pickering and Brackenridge were attached to Lieutenant Johnson’s party, which left Nisqually May 20 and crossed the Cascade Mountains by way of the Indian trail up White River. They reached the summit on the 26th instant, remaining there two days, descending on the east side down the Spipen or Naches River. Leaving this river near its mouth the party traveled northward to the Yakima and thence over the Wenache Mountains to the Wenache River. From here the route was up the Columbia to Fort Okanogan, which was reached June 8. June 10 the journey was resumed eastward up the Columbia, and Fort Colville was reached June 15. From Fort Colville the party traveled southward, reaching Lapwai, Idaho, on June 25. A two days’ trip from here brought the party to Fort Walla Walla, where they remained until July 4. From here their route led up the Yakima and Naches rivers and thence over the mountains by the outgoing route. Several other exploring parties were also sent out from Nisqually, but the only botanical specimens collected by the expedition seem to have been gathered by Pickering and Brackenridge. The results are included in two of the large volumes devoted to the scientific results of the expedition. Unfortunately the original labels of the specimens seem in some way to have become intermixed, with the result that a good many plants confined to eastern Wash- ington bear such labels as “ Port Discovery ” and “ Nisqually,” while other species confined to western Washington are labeled ‘“ Walla Walla,” or “ North Fork of the Columbia.” On some sheets eastern and western Washington species are mixed, and mounted over a single label. With the details of the party’s itinerary known, it is possible, however, to tell with some accuracy where the specimens must have been gathered. 16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. GEYER. Charles A. Geyer, a German botanist who had previously botan- ized extensively in Illinois, and who later was attached to Nicollet’s expedition, traversed the continent with a party of missionaries, and in November, 1843, crossed a high spur of the “ Green ” (Bitterroot) Mountains from the Flathead to the Spokane or Coeur d’Alene River, and passed the winter at Chamokane Mission, situated on Chamo- kane Creek, about 10 miles from its junction with the Spokane. During the season of 1844 Geyer made excursions northward to Old Fort Colville on the Columbia, southeastward up the Spokane River and into the mountains about Lake Coeur d’Alene, and southward to the Palouse River and to Lapwai Mission, near the mouth of the Clearwater. From here he explored the Craig Mountains of Idaho. Journeying overland to Fort Walla Walla he descended the Colum- bia, and reached Fort Vancouver November 13, 1844, whence he sailed to England. Geyer’s account of the flora of the regions explored by him is re- markably good. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray Herbarium. . SPALDING. Rev. Henry Spalding was a missionary to the Nez Perce Indians and founder of Lapwai Mission near the mouth of the Clearwater River, Idaho. In this vicinity Spalding collected a good many plants which are in the Gray Herbarium. Most of them are labeled * Clearwater, Oregon,” but inasmuch as a number of them have not since been found near Lapwai it is not improbable that they were col- lected elsewhere. Spalding traveled quite extensively in the course of his labors, and doubtless gathered some of his specimens at other places than Clearwater, as, indeed, some few of the labels indicate. His notes on the Indian food plants are most interesting and often quite detailed. According to the testimony of his son, the late H. H. Spalding, the specimens were largely gathered by his mother. LYALL. Dr. David Lyall was the surgeon and botanist attached to the In- ternational Boundary Survey. His work, so far as it relates to Washington, was during the years 1858 to 1860, inclusive. During 1858 he made collections on Vancouver Island and on the smaller islands and the mainland near the forty-ninth parallel. In 1859 the western slopes of the Cascades near the boundary were explored. In 1860 the surveyors went up the Columbia, dividing at The Dalles into two parties. One party, which Lyall accompanied, traveled in a northerly direction, past Fort Simcoe, across the Naches and other PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 17 tributaries of the Yakima, thence over the Wenache Mountains to the Columbia, which was reached just below the mouth of the Wena- che. From here the party followed the Columbia and Okanogan to Lake Osoyoos. Following up the Similkameen and Ashnola the party formed a camp at 1,670 meters (5,480 feet) elevation on the boundary, where they remained some time. The other party proceeded to Fort Walla Walla and thence north- ward, crossing the Snake at the mouth of the Palouse and passing Rock Lake on the route to Fort Colville. The collections of this party were made by John Buttle, but the specimens seem all to be credited to Lyall. During the year 1860 the survey was completed nearly to the Idaho line. Lyall’s account of his botanical observations is brief, but very inter- esting. A nearly complete set of his plants is in the Gray Herbarium. JEFFREY. John Jeffrey, a Scotch botanist, was sent out by some patrons to collect the seeds of plants of horticultural interest in the region traversed by Douglas, “ to complete his researches, and to extend them into those parts of the country not fully explored by him.” Jeffrey was at Fort Colville May 13, 1851, reaching that point from the northward. During this season he spent much of the time in north- crn Washington and adjacent British Columbia. Late in the season he was on Mount Baker. In May of the following year Jeffrey was at Fort Nisqually, and during June and July at Fort Vancouver. His remaining explorations were all southward. Very little is known of Jeffrey’s specimens, as none exist in Ameri- can herbaria, and but little has been published concerning them. COOPER. Dr. J. G. Cooper collected in various portions of Washington from 1853 till 1855, in connection with the Stevens Survey of the forty-eighth parallel. An annotated list of his plants, including also some collected by Dr. George Gibbs and Dr. G. Suckley, is pub- lished in the Pacific Railroad Reports, volume 12, part 2. COLLECTORS SINCE 1860. Among botanical collectors since 1860 none has done more to explore the flora of the State than Mr. W. N. Suksdorf, of Bingen, who for twenty-five years past has been an assiduous student of plants. His most important collections have been made in Klickitat County, but he has gathered much material also in Spokane and Whatcom counties, and elsewhere. Sets of his plants are in all the principal 29418—06 m——2 18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. herbaria, while his private collection is among the best in the North- west. Mr. Thomas Howell, whose long and extensive labors have mainly been limited to Oregon, has nevertheless collected much in Washing- ton, especially in the counties bordering on the Columbia. Mr. Howell’s herbarium is now in the possession of the Oregon State University, but sets of his plants are widely distributed. A con- siderable collection of Klickitat County plants was also made by Mr. Joseph Howell. Professor L. F. Henderson, who has also collected much in Oregon, gathered rich material in the Olympic Mountains in 1890, and in 1892 traveled over much of the State to make a collection for the Columbian World’s Fair. This is now in the State University at Seattle. Professor Henderson’s private herbarium, one of the most complete in its representation of North Pacific plants, was unfor- nately burned in the recent fire that destroyed the main building of the University of Idaho. Mr. T. S. Brandegee, Mr. Frank Tweedy, and Prof. E. W. Hilgard were associated with the North Transcontinental Survey organized in connection with the Northern Pacific Railway under Villard’s presidency. In connection with this work extensive collections were made, especially by Brandegee, in Walla Walla, Yakima, and Kitti- tas counties. The best set of these plants is in the Canby Herbarium, now in the New York College of Pharmacy. Dr. Sereno Watson visited Washington in 1880 in connection with the Tenth Census Survey of the forests. He made small collections at Yakima Pass, Lake Chelan, Fort Colville, and Spokane. The specimens are in the Gray Herbarium. Charles A. Ramm collected a small set of plants in 1883 in Spokane County, which were sent to Doctor Gray. Mr. George R. Vasey made extensive collections for the Department of Agriculture in 1889, principally in Yakima, Kittitas, and King counties. Sets of his plants are in the principal herbaria. His specimens, unfortunately, lack data regarding their exact place of collection. Mr. F. Binns collected plants from 1888 to 1890 about Port Ludlow, and sent them to the Gray Herbarium. Rey. Ernest C. Smith botanized in the vicinity of Seattle in 1889 and 1890, in the latter year making collections on Mount Rainier. Dr. E. L. Greene collected in 1889 about Clealum, Yakima, and on Mount Rainier. Mr. J. M. Grant sent a few plants to the Gray Herbarium, col- lected in the Olympic Mountains in 1889. Mrs. Susan Tucker made collections near Cheney in 1889, and again in 1903. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 19 Prof. E. R. Lake and Mr. W. R. Hull collected in 1892 in the Blue Mountains, and later in Douglas and Chelan counties. Messrs. Sandberg and Leiberg, collecting for the Department of Agriculture, botanized along the Great Northern Railway from Spokane to the summit of the Cascade Mountains in 1893. Their collections are very large and valuable. During the preceding vear these same botanists, together with Dr. D. T. MacDougal and Mr. A. A. Heller, collected in Latah and Nez Perce counties, Idaho, inci- dentally gathering plants at a few adjacent points in Washington. Prof. J. B. Flett has been active in studying the flora of the State since 1895, He has made extensive collections in the Olympic Moun- tains, on Mount Rainier, about Tacoma, in Island County, and in the Mount Adams region. Mr. O. D. Allen during the year 1895, and subsequently, has pre- pared exquisite sets of specimens from the region about Mount Rainier. His plants are in all the leading herbaria. Mr. A. D. E. Elmer botanized in 1896 in Whitman County; in 1897 in Okanogan and Kittitas counties; in 1898 about Mount Stuart, and in 1900 in Clallam County. His specimens are in many herbaria. Prof. R. M. Horner made fine sets of the plants of the Blue Moun- tains in 1896 and 1897. A complete set of his plants is in the National Herbarium. Mr. N. L. Gardner collected in 1897 and 1898, mainly about Coupeville. Mr. M. W. Gorman secured a fine set of plants in the Washington Forest Reserve in 1897 for the National Herbarium. He has also collected in Klickitat County and elsewhere. Mr. F. Hf. Lamb collected in 1897 in the little known region north- ward from Grays Harbor. Several herbaria have sets of his plants. Mr. A. A. Heller made sets of specimens in 1898 from the vicinity of Montesano. They have been distributed to the leading herbaria. Mr. Kirk Whited has for several years past made large collections in Kittitas and Chelan counties, adding much to the knowledge of that interesting region. Mr. John S. Cotton has made very extensive collections in central Washington since 1900, mostly in Yakima County. In 1902 he col- lected in company with Dr. David Griffiths. Mr. Frank O. Kreager collected sets of plants in Stevens and Spo- kane counties in 1903, and the flora. of the same region has been further explored by Prof. R. K. Beattie and Ronald Chapman in 1904. Mr. H. C. Conrad made valuable collections in 1903 on the Quin- ault Indian Reservation of Chehalis County. Dr. Ruhn, U. S. Army, gathered specimens about Muckleshoot Prairie, King County, and sent them to Doctor Gray. The labels bear no dates. 20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Others have made smaller collections of plants in the State. Their names appear in association with the specimens they gathered. The writer’s personal observations and collections have been made in many parts of the State. Especially extensive collections were made about Seattle, 1885-1892; Mount Rainer, 1888 and 1895; Olympic Mountains, 1890 and 1895; Union City, 1890; Pullman and vicinity, 1893-1903; Blue Mountains, 1896. The earliest of these collections are in the herbarium of the State University at Seattle; the remainder are at Pullman, in the State College of Washington. The herbarium of the State College, which more than any other 1s the basis of this work, contains about 40,000 sheets of Washington plants, including very full sets of the Washington collections of Howell, Henderson, Suksdorf, Vasey, Sandberg and Leiberg, Gorman, Flett, Whited, Horner, Lake and Hull, Allen, Elmer, Gardner, Lamb, Heller, Cotton, Cotton and Griffiths, Kreager, Mrs. L. A. Bouck, Beattie and Chapman, and Conard. A nearly complete set of the writer’s own collections, including the types of his new species, is deposited in the National Herbarium. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. The accompanying relief map (PI. IT) will render clear the prin- cipal physiographic features of the State of Washington. It may conveniently be considered to be made up of seven regions, namely, the Pacific Coastal Plain, the Olympic Mountains, the Puget Sound Basin, the Cascade Mountains, the Columbia Basin, the Okanogan Highlands, and the Blue Mountains. THE PACIFIC COASTAL PLAIN. This is a narrow strip of land in immediate proximity to the Pa- cific Ocean and the Straits of Juan de Fuca. It is watered by numerous short streams from the Olympic Mountains and from the low Coast Mountains in Chehalis and Pacific counties. The largest stream, the Chehalis River, rises in the Cascade Mountains, and its valley connects the coastal plain with the Puget Sound Basin. The formation of most of the land is quite similar to that of the Puget Sound Basin, described below. The distinctive features are, first, the low strip of sandy land, seldom over a mile wide, formed by the inland drifting of the ocean sand; second, the steep rocky bluffs which face the ocean at the mouth of the Columbia River and in a few places near Cape Flattery, and third, the coastal plain proper. This region is characterized by having a very great rainfall, ranging from 200 to 300 centimeters (80 to 120 inches) annually. PLATE Il. ‘ Ang v eo \" x! f » “Ly 7 age ee TOPOGRAPHIC Map oF WASHINGTON. From the original model by Professor sol: my Shedd, State Colleg oot Washington, PLATE Ill. ated gO * Pan 2 ape rol rit beneath. and CHARACTERISTIC VEGETATION OF THE BLUFFS ALONG PUGET SOUND. ber, With thimble te bopet \riitetis car hi Wortiwood sth schortil at the lert 7 ‘TWldsdst The conspicuotis plicits ares Rubus parvitloruss on thie sspeetosa it the lower corres PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 21 THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS. This is an almost circular group of mountains, which occupies much of Clallam, Jefferson, Mason, and Chehalis counties. The mountains are quite isolated. They consist of numerous peaks, vary- ing in height from 1,800 to over 2,300 meters (6,000 to 7,500 feet), the highest being Mount Olympus, altitude 2,638 meters (8,131 feet). Owing to their isolated position the drainage from these mountains is in all directions, but the largest streams flow into the Pacific Ocean. Nearly all the streams head in small glaciers. These mountains are very difficult of exploration, and their geol- ogy is but little known. The peaks consist, for the most part, at least, of a laminated igneous rock which dips at a very steep angle, so that the summits of the ridges and peaks are often exceedingly narrow, not rarely indeed being hollowed out beneath by the falling rock. The age of these rocks is unknown. The streams have all worn very deep gorges along their courses almost to the center of the mountains. This is due, perhaps, more to the soft character of the rock than to the lapse of a great period of time. This fact, however, renders it exceedingly difficult, and often impossible, to pass from one dividing ridge to another. Owing to the circumstance of these mountains standing first in the path of the moist Pacific winds the precipitation of rain and snow is very great. In exceptional seasons some of the glaciers may be of annual duration only. Such a glacier may disappear entirely by the end of the summer, the snowfall of the succeeding winter being sufficient to form it again. The Olympics are really a portion of the coast system of mountains, isolated, owing to the fact that the portion of the system in south- west. Washington consists only of hills which rise to lttle over 300 meters in height, through which the Chehalis River forms a broad gap. The portion of the system to the northward is widely severed by the Straits of Juan de Fuca. THE PUGET SOUND BASIN. This term is applied to the broad valley lying between the coast system of mountains and the Cascades. It has an average breadth of about 80 kilometers (50 miles). Much of the central portion of the basin near the head of Puget Sound is comparatively flat, and less than 30 meters above sea level. Along the greater portion of the Sound the shores rise abruptly, often in bluffs 30 meters high (PI. III), thence sloping more or less gently into hills 90 to 200 meters high or more. The basin proper may conveniently be limited for our purpose by the 700-meter (2,300-foot) contour line. 22 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. In its late geological history the region was covered by great glacial deposits derived mainly from the adjacent mountains. These de- posits consist of clay, gravel, or sand, often somewhat stratified. Pure deposits of each 30 meters thick or more are common. The total thickness of the glacial deposit has been estimated at from 150 to 300 meters. The whole region is densely timbered with the exception of a series of small gravelly plains. These are largest and most abundant in the central part of the basin, but similar ones occur near Van- couver, and on Whidby and other islands. Likewise the tips of many of the points projecting into Puget Sound have the same gravelly soil, accompanied by a characteristic flora and fauna. These ' gravelly prairies are plainly formed by flowing water, and are gen- erally considered to be deposited by post-glacial streams. Very similar prairies occur along the Willamette Valley. They form, in- deed, an interrupted series from the middle part of that valley north- ward to Vancouver Island. Owing to the very gravelly soil of these prairies, they partake of a semiarid condition. Indeed, the flora contains many species identical with those of eastern Washington. The drainage of the basin is mainly into Puget Sound, the princi- pal rivers coming from the Cascades, but the Cowlitz River and various smaller streams in the extreme southern part of the basin, flow into the Columbia. These streams for the main part originate in glaciers, and all of them have formed rather narrow valleys largely of glacial detritus. THE CASCADE MOUNTAINS. These mountains vary in breadth from 100 to 125 kilometers (80 to 100 miles), traversing the State in a course a little easterly of a true north direction. The altitude of the main uplift varies from 1,800 to 2,100 meters, (6,000 to 7,000 feet). The important peaks which conspicuously exceed this altitude are Mount Baker, in Whatcom County, altitude 3,335 meters (10,825 feet); Glacier Peak, Snoho- mish County, said to be 3,214 meters (10,436 feet) high; Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, 2,903 meters high (9,479 feet); Mount Rainier, on the dividing line of Pierce and Thurston counties, the highest peak of the Cascade system, 4,475 meters high (14,530 feet) 5 Mount Adams, Klickitat County, altitude 3,819 meters (12,401 feet), and Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, 2,947 meters high (9,570 feet). These tall peaks are all capped with perpetual snow, and rise far above the limits of ordinary plant life. With the exception of tlacier Peak and Mount Stuart they are all volcanic cones. The Cascade Mountains form the most important topographical feature of the State as affecting the distribution of plant life. The prevailing southwest winds from the Pacific are by them deprived PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 23 of most of their moisture, the result being that the region to the east-. ward is not only much drier, even to semidesert conditions in limited areas, but also much warmer in summer. The plants and animals adapted to such conditions are necessarily very different, as a rule, from those that thrive in the moist region to the westward. It is very clear that the Cascades serve as a barrier, primarily because of the difference in humidity eastward and westward which they occasion, and not because of their altitude. Many of the passes over these mountains are but a little over 1,000 meters in altitude, not sufficiently high even in this period to prevent many plants from migrating through, especially in the wake of forest fires. As a matter of fact the rainfall influences the vegetation for a considerable dis- tance down the eastern slopes of the mountains, the flora of the main range down to about 1,000 meters altitude being largely composed of species of the coast region. In Washington proper no stream traverses the Cascade Mountains, but on the southern border is the great gap through which the Columbia River flows. This enormous gorge gives rise to peculiar local conditions, which find marked expression in the flora. Through this gap, too, the coastal flora, aided by the prevailing upstream humid winds, penetrates farther eastward than usual. Still, at the village of White Salmon there is an unmistakable dividing line between the humid and the semiarid floras. Nearly all of the many streams that arise in the Cascades flow through deep gorges, once occupied by glaciers. Indeed, many of the streams, especially those heading about the higher peaks, still find their birth in glaciers. The Cascade range north of the forty-seventh parallel is composed largely of granite and other metamorphic rocks. Mount Rainier and the entire range southward to its extremity in northern California is on the contrary almost entirely made up of volcanic rocks. Recent investigations in the geology of these mountains disclose in part a very complex history, but indicate that the principal uplift took place either in late Pliocene or early Pleistocene time, and subsequent to the great outpourings of lava that make up most of the region between the Cascades and the Rockies. From a biological point of view the changes brought about by the Cascade uplift were profound. Undoubtedly it transformed the climate of the region to the eastward from one relatively moist to one distinctly arid, and at the same time increased greatly the humidity of the region to the westward. This climatic change, particularly in the interior, must have been accompanied by a correspondingly great change in the flora. The peculiar make-up of the Columbia Basin flora of the present time indicates with more or less clearness some of the resultant effects of the Cascade uplift. 24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, THE OKANOGAN HIGHLANDS. These mountains occupy the northeast portion of the State, inelud- ing most of Stevens and Ferry counties. To the southward they pass gradually into the Columbia Plains. To the westward they are naturally limited by the Okanogan River. The Okanogan Highlands consist mainly of gently rounded hills, rising into peaks 1,500 to 2,000 meters high. Geologically they are similar to the northern part of the Cascades, and are composed largely of granite. The vegetation is nearly identical with that of the eastern slope of the Cascades. These mountains and those of British Columbia connect the Cascade system with the Rocky Mountain system in Idaho. In consonance with the markedly similar conditions of soil and climate it is not surprising that a number of species of the coast region occur through these mountains and in north Idaho. THE COLUMBIA PLAINS. The greater portion of eastern Washington is covered by an im- mense mass of basalt, of an average thickness of at least 1,800 meters. This mass is the result of a series of lava overflows which involved not only eastern Washington but also great portions of eastern Oregon and Idaho, covering in all an area of over 500,000 square kilometers (200,000 square miles). Geologically this is known as the Columbia River basalt. It covered in Washington all of the region south of the Okanogan Highlands and extended westward from the Bitter- roots nearly to the present crest of the Cascade Mountains and beyond. this at least in Clarke and Cowlitz counties. The canyon walls of Snake River and other streams indicate a number of succes- sive overflows, at least ten, between some of which sufficient time elapsed for soil to form and forests to grow. The remains of the latter appear either as charcoal embedded in the soil of old lake bot- toms, or else as silicified trunks, these often remaining in their origi- nal vertical positions. . Originally the surface of the lava appears to have been approxi- nately level, but subsequent to the last great overflow a large lake or else a series of lakes existed in Yakima, Douglas, Klickitat, and Franklin counties as well as in adjacent Oregon. This was Lake John Day. Whether this lake merely filled a basin formed beyond the heads of the last lava flows, or whether it was formed through the sinking of the surface concomitantly with the commencement of the uplifting of the Cascade and Blue mountains is not clear. The deposits formed in the bottoms of Lake John Day consist. of soft sandstone and conglomerates which have largely been removed by subsequent erosion. The light, ashy soils formed from these de- posits are very different from the heavy clay loam formed by the disintegration of basalt. PLATE IV. Xx| Vol. Contr. Nat. Herb. POO As S ME PUNOLsATOT ayy ip sep asa] O"L, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 25 In some of the John Day rocks remains of plants and animals are found which long since have become extinct. These belong to Miocene-Tertiary time and indicate the existence of a rich and varied flora, strikingly different from that which occupies the region to-day. The surface of the Columbia River basalt averages about 700 meters in elevation. Subsequent to its formation occurred the uplifting of the Cascade and Blue mountains. Since that time the geological history of the region has been mainly one of erosion. Owing to the soft character of the basalt the principal rivers have worn great canyons in it along their courses. Thus Snake River where it enters the State flows in a tremendous gorge 600 meters deep, this gradually lessening to the westward. Where this river cuts through the Blue Mountains between Washington and Idaho it exposes 1,300 meters of basalt rock, which is supposed to represent about the original thickness of the combined lava overflows. The Columbia River for a great portion of its course has followed close to the line of contact between the basalt and the older granitic rocks. In places its canyon is almost as impressive as that of Snake River. Besides the canyons now occupied by streams, there are many others, the abandoned courses of ancient rivers, called coulees. The most notable of these are Grand Coulee (PI. IV) and Moses Coulee in Douglas County, 200 to 300 meters deep. These two coulees were originally enormous cracks in the basalt, and have since been greatly eroded. The bottom of the first named is occupied by a nearly contin- ous chain of lakes. The glacial period has left but small traces of its work in eastern Washington outside of the mountains. During this time the canyons of the Snake River and the Columbia were filled to a depth of about 100 meters with gravel, most of which has since been removed. The upper Spokane Valley is, however, still composed of such glacial detritus. No evidence of glaciation exists, however, on the surface of the basalt plateau, excepting in the northern part of Douglas County, here glaciers crossed the Columbia, thus blocking it and causing the waters to find a temporary new channel through the Grand Coulee. Apparently the gorge of the Columbia River through the Cascade Mountains was blocked at this same time, resulting in the formation of a great glacial lake, called Lake Lewis. This seems to have occu- pied practically the same area as its ancient predecessor, Lake John Day. Except for ill-defined beaches at an elevation of 420 meters and occasional erratic bowlders scattered over Yakima and Douglas coun- ties and doubtless dropped by icebergs, there is little left to show the existence of this lake. 26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. For the most part the Columbia River lava completely covered up all of the older rocks over which it flowed, these being seen only as they are revealed in the river canyons. Exceptions to this appear in peaks which were too high to be overwhelmed, as in the cases of Steptoe and Kamiak buttes in Whitman County, together with many others less conspicuous. Steptoe Butte is a granitic cone projecting about 500 meters above the surrounding basalt and, being completely isolated, is a notable landmark. To designate such isolated buttes, of which there are many, Russell has proposed the term steptoe, after the name of this striking example. A steptoe is “ an island of granite -n a sea of basalt.” Kamiak butte near Pullman is composed largely of quartzite. THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. The Blue Mountains in extreme southeastern Washington and ad- jacent Oregon, represent a great uplift of basalt surrounding : central mass of granite peaks. The portion of these mountains in Washington is composed wholly of basalt, elevated to over 2,000 meters. The granitic peaks in the central part of the mountains, the so- called Powder River Mountains in Oregon, rise to an altitude of about 3,000 meters, and form the greatest “steptoe” in the whole Columbia Basin. CLIMATE. The data here presented are compiled from the reports of the United States Weather Bureau. The observing stations are all located at places of relatively low altitude, and the accurate data therefore relate wholly to the portions of the State which lie in the Transition and Upper Sonoran areas. PRECIPITATION. The following table gives the normal annual rainfall of each of the Weather Bureau stations together with the length of the period over which full records are available: PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 27 Rainfall records. | Length Average . | Altitude in | nnua €- Station. feet. | of record an ttatton | ¥ in inches. Aberdeen ..........-.---------- ------ ooo | 162 | 14 88.55 Anacortes...._._._._.---- .- 2 eee eee eee 75 11 29.41 Ashford _.__..__.--..-. ---------------- +--+ ------ 1,775 | 8 71.81 Bellingham _____..-.--.-----.--.------------) ----) 60 | 10 31.93 Blaine _..._.___.--------.-..-------- --- ----- ---- | 75 8 43.91 Bremerton ____. ...------------------------------- | 15) 4 53. 60 Brinnon.____-----.- --- oo eee Do eee _ 80 | 6 76.15 Cedonia_._.._-_---------------------------------- 3, 000 | 11. 20.39 Centralia ___.__.._.-_-.-------------------------- 212 | 1) 46.41 Cheney _____-.--.------------ -------------------- | 2,351 6 17.14 Clearbrook. __.._.-..--------- --------------- a 140 12 47.11 Clearwater. __.______...-------------------------- | 135 9 131.01 Clealum ____........-.---------------------------) 1, 930 6 28.73 Colfax __...----- eee ee ee ee eee eee 2, 300 12 23.96 Colville _._._......------------------------ ee eee 1,685 5 17.47 Conconully.____-------- ----.------------------ _ 2,150 5 16. 20 Coupeville ____...-.-------------------------- _..| 7 9 22.49 Crescent _.......--------------------------------- 2,150 5 18. 67 Danville _._____ ._-_-_.---------------------------- | 1,749 — 1 13.97 Dayton ______._-...-----------. --------- +--+ --- 1,450 | 16 24. 86 East Sound _______.__--_------------------------- ---------- 10 31.7 Ellensburg. ..__._.------ -----------.------------- 1,577 | 17 9.52 Ephrata _______-.-------------------------------- 1, 265 | 1 6. 03 Fort Simcoe ___.._...-..----------. ---------------- 1,400 15 9.30 Grand Mound ._____-.----.----- -.---------------- 162 9 | 52. 60 Granite Falls.____._..-.._--_.-------------------- 397 5 | 60. 07 Hooper __. ___--. ----.------+--------- (olen ee eee 1, 088 3 13.11 Horse Heaven.___.__________.-.-.------ +--+ ---- |e --- ------ 1 8.92 Hunters. __.___._..__.-.------------------ (ocean eel|eeeeeeee 5 20.38 La Center__..__.------------) we ee ee -- 250 8 51. 26 Lakeside _____.. ...__.---.---.-------------- ------ 985 14 12. 68 Lind _.___.__._.-.-.------------------------------ 1,700 8 11.75 Loomis _________...----_.------------------------ 1, 200 va 18. 69 Lyle...) 2) eee ee ee = --- 600 12 25.11 Mayfield - Do eee eee eee 300 9 | 65. 90 Mottinger’ sRanch ________.__._.---------------- 307 5 9. 34 Mount Pleasant ___.._....._-_-----.-------------- 650 5 | 59. 39 Moxee _.__.______..----_-------------------------- 1,000 13 | 8.79 Neah Bay ______..---.---------------------------- 50 | 20 | 109. 37 Northhead ____..____.______----------------------|---------- 1 50. 58 Northport. ..___-.------------------ ---- ---------- 1, 950 6 19.41 Olga __...-----------.------------------ -+-------- 50 15 80. 60 Olympia .....__.--------------------------------- 15 QT 55. 11 Pasco _.....-.-- ee en ee eee eee eee eee eee 360 1) 5. 74 Pomeroy Ce ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ene eee eee 1, 500 9 | 19. 56 Port Crescent ____.._--------------.-------------- 259 10 46. 28 Port Townsend. _.......-.-_-.-------------------- 80 15 21.16 Pullman ____._----- woe eee Wee ee eee ee eee- 2, 500 13 22.77 Republic _.__._._._------------------------------: 2, 628 5 20. 23 Ritzville ___.__...._.__.-.---.--------------------- © 1,825 6 7.01 Rosalia __.._.......-.___.------------------------ 2,300 | 13 20.89 Seattle __._______________..--.-------------------- 123 | 14 35. 90 Sedro Woolley ......-------------------- leteeeeeee- 38 | 8 48. 94 Silvana.________._________-------------- ---- == --- 35 | 10 36. 48 Snohomish ____.__..-.--_.--------------- ~ uel eee 50 | 11 46. 64 Snoqualmie Falls ___..-.-.-.----------------.----- 667 | 4 64. 76 South Ellensburg - ---- - “eee nee ee eee eee 1,570 | 11 9. 29 South Bend__.____.___-..__-----.--------- -------- 16 9 92.09 Spokane......_.._-..----------. -----. ------ ++ - 1,943 | 24 18. 23 Sprague ..........----------------------------+--- 1,908 | 6 15.11 28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rainfall rccords—Continued. : . Length ,“verage Station. Altitude in of record annual pre- ™ feet, “intyears, ipitation Sunnyside__---.--. -2.-- ee oo 764 | 10 | 6.63 Tacoma __________---_.--_ wo eee eee 213 | 19 44.638 Tatoosh __.------2 2. oo eee 86 | 20 93.78 Trinidad __--._.____. ee Soo eee 900 | 1 6.05 Twin. -.--- 22. 6 | 2 66.50 Twisp ...--------- 8 1,619 | 1 18.50 Union City ------2 2-2-2) _ 10 | 11 83.41 Usk ....1.--.---. oo 2,050 | 5 24,80 Vancouver _.------.-) (ee eee 50 | 31 38. 74 Vashon Island.............__......... 110 | 16 41.56 Walla Walla_....-....-- Doce eee ee a 1,000 | 19 16.77 Waterville -_...-.-22..8 8 ee | 2° 94 | 15 13. 30 Wenache_....--..-5-. 8. _ 1, 169 | 6 15.52 Whatcom ........-- ee oo 60 | 9) 81.9% Wilbur. .---. 22-2. Lo eee eee —— 2, 208 6 | 16. 20 Zindel._.._--- 2-2 a 715 | 30 17. 67 Lewis'on, Idaho.) 757 11 13. 82 Arlington, Oreg 9-8 | 855 — 14 9.11 The Dalles, Oreg_..-. 22-88 12 30 — 15,09 Umatilla. Oreg_..-- 26s Lee ee eee eee ee eee] 340 | 17 8.84 Astoria, Oreg.-----8 oo 50. 45 87. 41 The rainfall map (PI. V) is based mainly on the above records, but over mountainous regions where no records have been made the lines drawn are based on topography. Owing to the great vari- ation in rainfall caused by mountains and to a less extent by deep ‘anyons, which often make great differences within small areas, the rainfall map is drawn on broad lines. Enough is known of these local differences in rainfall caused by topography to make it certain that an accurate map of Washington to show these smaller differ- ences would be a very complex affair. The larger differences in the normal annual precipitation are clearly shown by the map. As a whole, western Washington has a heavy rainfall while that of eastern Washington is light. The coast region has the greatest precipitation, heaviest on the western slope of the Olympic Mountains. The region immediately to the north- east of these mountains has a correspondingly light rainfall. No satisfactory records are available for the precipitation in the higher parts of the Cascade Mountains. Presumably it is between 70 and 90 inches. ; In eastern Washington perhaps the most striking feature is the suddenness with which the precipitation decreases east of the crest of the Cascades. The area over which the rainfall is less than 10 inches is practically identical with the Upper Sonoran life area. As compared with the rest of the United States the narrow strip immediately along the ocean has the maximum amount of rainfall, PLATE V. Contr. Nat. Herb., Vol. XI. 60 75 30 Blaine — OC harbrook 4 Sr Hi Que 1397 WHATCOUA P Looms 13:69 i“ Last Sound 377 0 Marcon 31.93 ! JS H H (<) wiper? j SA i 1 OKANOGAN J Y Colvitle (787 ! / Se, Mic) 1°) i / Canconuly 46.20 3 203 STEVENS / ° om Os 246 80, 250 fi Towsp 18, ly Miasyers N i Qj O 2038 ! | COOMA ao “” i “~ fo Laheside 263 ‘yy JEFFERSON. Deon GMELAN ity 620 Casco ” spore 1823 Clearwater (HO! 1 ri oO Makrvite 2 Ui / 43.30 } COLN SPOKANE a Sndgyatme fos D o UGLAS LIN Cheney Wid dh Kato usb AI ty Wonciee por tmaney? fb ( epee — SINS | a a 7 Wh lg xt / i Bragitte, Morais 089 Ags / ' ! 1 Oe / i ADAMS “ Jnana SS PIE RCE | I ie) Caifeg 23.96 S260 “ ., yy H 1 Lad 75 7 ; fran Mow xX Asthord 181 H WHIT fe * mig? / _fetota o H / \ Cont! “paper 770 ! JENS ff Oe Sa Parga. “PACIFIC | | oMayfieid 65.90 A “7 FRAN WLAN Ons eee! | {YAKINA ‘ 7 |co.wmBie Tor a \ ! [We oumcee oO. WOE Aosco sx Byron : COWLITZ H H ° 930 cs OC WALLA WALLA ‘6 ASOTIN nfo iw \ [Skamania | / \ vee / Wotta Hala Be 90 60 \ / \ Horse Maver 892 1 470 vee \ ‘ i ‘ Mothingers Be fag 0 ! nt . | f yisel NAT 7s 9 \ - CLARKE pe 2a A : Artagton Sd rae’ he 0 exe 0°, RAINFALL MAP OF WASHINGTON. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 29 approached only by that of the regions about Mobile, Ala., and Cape Hatteras, N. C. The rainfall of the Puget Sound Basin as a whole is but slightly in excess of that of the Atlantic coast States, but it shows wide variation within short distances. The greater part of eastern Washington coincides as regards total rainfall with the upper Mississippi Valley. A noticeable peculiarity of the Washington rains, particularly in the western part of the State, is their gentleness. They are rarely zecompanied either by winds or by lightning. Perhaps 90 per cent of the rains consist of gentle drizzles, locally characterized as “ Ore- gon mists.” A most striking feature of the rainfall is the very low amount of precipitation during the summer months. ‘This has given rise to a distinction between a “ dry ” or summer season and a “ wet ” or winter season, though in reality the wet season includes much of the spring in all parts of the State, and also of the fall, particularly in western Washington. A prolonged “ dry ” season naturally entails drought, which may, be marked even in the humid western portion of the State. In east- ern Washington such droughts have occasionally caused severe injury to crops. The significance of this dry season is rendered more clear by com- parison. If we except the Vancouver strip, all of the United States west of the Rocky Mountains has normally less than 3 inches of rain- fall during July, August, and September, an amount lower for these months than any other part of the country. For eastern Washington, as a whole, the rainfall of these three months averages about 2 inches. The normal annual rainfall for the Vancouver strip during the three summer months is less than 6 inches, thus coinciding with that of the area between the one hundredth meridian and the Rocky Mountains. SUNSHINE AND CLOUDINESS. The average number of clear days in western Washington for the years 1902-1904 was, respectively, 120, 127, and 117; of partly cloudy days, 92, 100, and 80; of cloudy days, 153, 148, and 159. As might be expected in conformity with the wide variation ,in rainfall, the extremes depart considerably. The smallest numbers of clear days were, respectively, 56, 42, and 48; the largest, 171, 174, and 174. In eastern Washington for the same years the clear days totaled, respectively, 146, 153, and 178; the partly cloudy days, 92, 95, and 90; the cloudy days, 127, 117, and 98. The largest numbers of clear days were 207, 228, und 230. The smallest records for the same years were G7, 77, and 85. 30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ‘THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. If the records are considered separately for the stations located within the line of 10 inches of rainfall the average number. of clear days for these same years is 166, 168, and 193. These data show very clearly that eastern Washington has much more sunshine than western Washington, and also that in the region of less than 10 inches rainfall, which closely coincides with the Upper Sonoran area, the amount of sunshine is considerably greater than for the average of eastern Washington. The following percentages are based on the normal sunshine map of the United States Weather Bureau: The least amount of sunshine is in the very humid region, which has over 90 inches of annual rain- fall. Less than 40 per cent of the days here are clear, a low percent- age equaled in the United States only on the upper peninsula of Michigan, in northern New York, and in northern New England. In the region of less than 10 inches rainfall over one-half of the days of the year are clear, thus corresponding in general with the broad basins of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys and with the Southern States. The remainder of the State has from 40 to 50 per cent of the days clear, resembling in this respect the region of the Ohio Valley northward and eastward. TEMPERATURE. WESTERN WASHINGTON. ' Temperature records of the United States Weather Bureau are available for over 30 stations in western Washington, all located in the Humid Transition area, for periods varying from one year to thirty years. The normal annual mean temperature based on these records is 49.3° F. The same average for each of the 30 stations shows the lowest to be Port Crescent, 46.6°, and the highest to be Vancouver, 52°. The normal monthly mean temperatures of the same stations vary as follows: Temperature data for Humid Transition area. Month. Degrees F. | Month. Degrees F. January _...-...---.------ 85 to 40 | July -...-..-2--2 56 to 66 February. _...------------ 37 to 43 | August _-._..---.-__-___- 56 to 66 March..... _----.---.--.. 38 to 46 | September -_..__.._____-- 53 to 60 April. _....----.---------- 45 to 51 | October _._._.-___._____-- 47 to 58 May ...._-..-.------ ~~... 50 to 58 November. _.__.---------- 38 to 46 June ____. ---_ eee 54 to 62 December ______________- 34 to 43 rf The highest temperature ever recorded at any of these stations is 100°; the lowest is — 2°. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 31 As regards temperature then the climate of this region is remark- ably equable, without marked extremes in either summer or winter. The region in immediate proximity to the ocean has the coolest sum- mer, and the extreme winter temperatures have never reached zero. EASTERN WASHINGTON. The records of the United States Weather Bureau concern nearly forty different stations in eastern Washington for periods of from one to twenty-three years. Fifteen of these stations he within the Upper Sonoran area, the remainder within the Arid Transition. The Upper Sonoran stations are Ellensburg, Ephrata, Kennewick, Lind, Mottinger’s Ranch, Moxee, Odessa, South Ellensburg, Sunnyside, Trinidad, Walla Walla, Wenache, and Zindel. The normal annual mean temperature for the whole region is 48.7°; for the Arid Transi- tion stations alone it is 45.9°; and for the Upper Sonoran stations it is 51.3°. | . The normal monthly mean temperatures for the stations located in the Arid Transition are as follows: Temperature data for Arid Transition area. Month. | Degrees F. Month. Degrees F. January_-----_----------- 21to034 = July____--____--_-------- 62 to 72 February _______ -- aa aHe. 25 to 38 | August____--_-----------. 62 to 74 March_______------------ 30 to 43 ~September___-_---_--_---- 51 to 63 April________------------ | 43 to 52 | October____-- ~a---------- 44 to 55 May---_----- ------------ | 51to58 | November____-------_---- 32 to 42 June__________--_------_. | 55 to 65 || December_____-_-_-_-__----- 25 to 36 The highest temperature recorded at these stations is 105°, the lowest is —32°. | The corresponding data for the stations located in the Upper Sonoran area are as follows: Temperature data for Upper Sonoran area. Month. | Degrees F. | Month. Degrees F. I | January_—~---------------| 25 to 87 |) July__-------_--------- — 65 to 77 February _______-------+-. 25 to 39 | August_______-___--_--_-_-. 66 to 75 March____-________--_--- | 39 to 49 || September____---_-_ _-____. 56 to 64 April_______--_-________- | 48 to55 || October___-__--_----__-_- 36 to 43 May____-_--------_--_--- | 55 to 63 | November__--------__-__- 28 to 38 June__________-_~-_~-_--_-. 59 to 71 | December____------------- 47 to 57 The maximum temperature ever observed at any of the above stations is 113°; the minimum is —30°. 32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. As regards temperature, eastern Washington while having a normal annual mean but shghtly lower than that of western Washington, has much greater extremes, being decidedly colder in winter and warmer in summer. The Upper Sonoran area as compared with the Arid Transition is several degrees warmer. A notable feature of the temperature of Washington, in conformity with much of the region west of the Rocky Mountains, is the great rariation of temperature between day and night, especially in sum- mer. It is emphatically a region of cool nights, where one can ap- preciate blankets at night throughout the year. These cool nights are least marked in the Upper Sonoran area, and it may, indeed, be found that this factor is an important one in limiting the range of Upper Sonoran plants. These cool nights naturally indicate late frosts in spring and early ones in autumn. In western Washington such killing frosts are not unusual up to April 15, and rarely a month later. Except in the warmest portions of eastern Washington killing frosts occur not uncommonly up to June 1,.and infrequently three weeks later. The first autumnal frosts in western Washington occur as early as the middle of September or as late as the middle of November ; rarely they may be delayed until December. The dates are much the same for eastern Washington. WINDS. The most prevalent winds are from the southeast, and are usually accompanied by rain. East of the Cascade Mountains they are known as chinooks. This term is usually applied only to the winds that blow in the winter months, but there seems no proper reason to distinguish such from similar winds during the remainder of the year. The winter chinooks are commonly warm winds, accompanied or immediately followed by heavy rains; rarely they are cold and dry. The wet chinooks are in eastern Washington remarkable chiefly for the rapid rising of the temperature which they occasion. These winds are often quite severe. This is particularly true of the occasional southwest winds which occur in summer, which in eastern Washington usually assume the form of dust storms. Such storms may cause much destruction. The only other winds deserving of special mention are those which sometimes occur in eastern Washington during the summer months, blowing from the north or northeast. These winds are gentle but exceedingly dry, and are therefore capable of causing great damage to growing crops. For this reason they are much feared in the agri- cultural districts. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 33 THE ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WASHINGTON PLANTS. That there are physical causes which profoundly influence the dis- tribution of plants no one who has crossed the State of Washington from east to west can for a moment question. The contrast between the treeless bunchgrass prairies and sage plains of eastern Washing- ton and the luxuriant coniferous forests of western Washington is too striking to overlook. In this particular case the principal factor is one of humidity, the Puget Sound region possessing a notably moist climate, while that of the Columbia Basin is markedly arid. A similar change of vegetation may be witnessed in the ascent of any of our higher mountain peaks. As elevation increases the famil- iar lowland plants disappear and different ones present themselves, which in turn give way at high altitudes to still others. The mest marked of these changes is that where the timber ceases and the alpine meadows present their charming carpet of flowers. Here the changes are due manifestly not to differences in humidity, but to les- sened temperature, a conclusion emphasized by the fact that many of these alpine plants are the identical species which occur in arctic regions. Heat and moisture are undoubtedly the principal physical factors upon which the distribution of plants depend. A third factor may be important, even determinative, namely, the character of the soil, but this is much less potent than the two above named. In addition to these physical factors only one other need be considered, the bio- logical factor of ancestry. In general, plants inhabit the regions where their ancestors thrived. This factor is usually continental in its scope; thus cacti and yuccas are confined to America; eucalypti to Australia, and lilacs to Asia. But in a similar way this same fac- tor operates over small areas, and it is the principal cause why the Pacific coast flora as a whole is different from that of the Atlantic. The existing plants are different because their immediate ancestors were, whatever factors may have determined that. It is not to be understood from this that all the plants which for- merly flourished in Washington have left descendants there. In Ter- tiary times such plants as palms, cinnamon trees, and sequoias grew in Washington. Some of these require tropical or subtropical condi- tions of heat; others, as the sequoias, probably have given way in competition with more aggressive species. Nevertheless the broad statement remains true that the present vegetation of the region owes its character in large part to similar ancestors. Th2 conditions which make the Pacific coast the home of many peculiar genera and species are ancestral. The heat and moisture requirements of these plants are duplicated in other portions of the earth, where, however, totally different congeries of species occur. 29418—06 m——3 34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. It is generally admitted that heat is the most potent factor in determining the distribution of plants, and that in general the old division into Arctic, Temperate, and Tropical zones approximates the real truth. Such zonation, depending on heat, is far more wide- reaching than one depending mainly on moisture. While the former gives rise primarily to what we in general know as Arctic or Trop- ical zones, the factor of moisture determines the opposed conditions we distinguish as arid and moist. Differences in the heat factor are universal, resulting in the whole earth being divided into more or less well-marked zones, corresponding in general with isothermal lines. Differences in the moisture factor are relatively local, so that deserts may occur in the midst of the most varied surroundings. While the larger zones depending on heat are strikingly different, yet each passes gradually into the contiguous ones. Determination of such zones is therefore more or less arbitrary. The scheme of life zones, so far as North America is concerned, that has resulted from the studies of Merriam has been generally adopted. It is as follows: Arctic or Arctic-Alpine zone. Boreal region --) Hudsonian zone. Canadian zone. Transition zone -.------.----- Arid Transition area, Pacific or Humid Transition area. fCarolinian area. (Upper Sonoran area. Lower Austral zone ......... {Austromiparian area, Lower Sonoran area, Tropicalregion.........--------------------- {Hume Tropical area, Arid Tropical area. [anit rans area. Austral region.) Jpper Austral zone In this scheme zones are based primarily on the distribution of plants and animals as determined by the heat factor. The subdi- vision of the zones or areas depend mainly on the differences due to the moisture factor. As may readily be imagined, all possible combi- nations of these two factors occur, so that regions of mixed character are found wherever zones or areas are contiguous. This overlapping of contiguous zones that are usually well marked is perhaps more pronounced in the Pacific northwest than elsewhere in North America. It has been ascribed to the very equable temperature of the region. In consequence of this peculiarity the determination of the life zones in Washington, so as to coordinate them with adjacent regions, presents unusual difficulties. Six life zones or life areas are represented, namely, the Arctic, the Hudsonian, the Canadian, the Humid Transition, the Arid Transition, and the Upper Sonoran. The first-mentioned zone, the Arctic, is sharply marked, consist- ing of the alpine flora above timber line. These alpine meadows PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 30 correspond in conditions, and in a large part in species, with the arctic meadows north of the limit of timber. The Upper Sonoran area in eastern Washington is practically coex- tensive with the distribution of the sagebrush. Agriculturally it is the region where the commercial growing of peaches and water- melons is practicable. The Humid Transition, or Pacific area, includes the great forests of red fir in western Washington. Other characteristic trees are the giant cedar, red alder, and Oregon maple. The Arid Transition area in eastern Washington includes two the bunchgrass prairies, and an upper subdivisions, a lower one the yellow pine forests. The Canadian zone has for its most characteristic tree the western white pine. Here, too, the lodgepole pine, the western larch, and the western hemlock are most abundant and best developed. The Hudsonian is the zone of the subalpine fir, the Alaska cedar, the black hemlock, and the white-bark pine. At their extreme limits of altitude all of these become prostrate mats of branches. These zones are not separated by level altitudinal lines. This may readily be seen where the Hudsonian and Arctic zones meet. The trees of the former zone extend up the mountain sides much higher on the ridges than in the valleys between. The dividing line is thus asinuate one, This has been considered by Merriam partly the result of more and less favorable exposure to the sun’s rays, and partly to air currents, the warm currents tending to follow up the steep ridges while the cold currents flow down in the valleys. Consequently, cer- tain species ascend highest on the warm ridges, while others descend farthest in the cool valleys. Exactly similar conditions, but with the forest line reversed, are seen at the low altitude timber line of the yellow pine, where this borders on the bunchgrass prairies. The timber here descends to much lower altitudes along valleys and draws than on the ridges; or, what is the converse statement of the same thing, the bunchgrass flora ascends highest on the warm slope. The most notable examples of the effect of slope exposure alone are perhaps seen on high ridges, or in canyons that extend in a gen- eral east and west direction. For example, Kamiak Butte, a bold peak in Whitman County, has nearly its entire south exposure cov- ered by a bunchgrass flora, while the northern slope is densely tim- bered with yellow pine and other coniferous trees. In canyons of low altitude the sunny north wall is often timberless, while its shady south wall is timbered. . The same fact is generally true in the case of high mountain peaks. The corresponding zones extend relatively higher on the south or warmer side than on the north or colder side. 36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Making due allowance for the overlapping of the various zones, the following approximations of their altitudinal limits in Washing- ton may be made: Upper Sonoran, 65 to G00 meters (200 to 1,900 feet). Humid Transition, 0 to 1.200 meters (0 to 3,800 feet). Arid Transition, 500 to 1,300 meters (1,600 to 4,200 feet). Canadian, 400 to 1,500 meters (1,400 to 5,000 feet). Hudsonian, 1,500 to 2,100 meters (5,000 to 7,000 feet). Arctic, 1,800 to 3,200 meters (6.000 to 10,500 feet). UPPER SONORAN LIFE AREA. This comprises the western or arid portion of the Upper Austral life zone. It occupies much of the Columbia and Great basins, and the lower portions of the Great Plains eastward to about the one hundredth meridian. It also extends southward into Mexico at increasing elevations along both sides of the Rocky Mountain system. In Washington the area is confined to that. portion east of the Cascade Mountains below a contour line approximating 360 meters (1,200 feet), but on southerly slopes it may extend up to 510 meters (1,700 feet), or even more. From an agricultural standpoint this zone is that in which the commercial culture of such crops as tomatoes, peaches, apricots, and watermelons is possible. In Washington the most conspicuous plant of this zone is the sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) (Pl. VI). It marks quite sharply the limits of the Upper Sonoran zone, seldom extending into the zone above, as it commonly does farther southward. Other characteristic, if less abundant, shrubs are rabbit brush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus and C. viscidiforus), hop sage (Grayia spinosa), antelope brush (Kunzia tridentata, locally known as black sage), and, in alkaline situations, greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus). In a few locali- ties the sagebrush is absent, but in such cases one or more of the other characteristic shrubs is sure to be present. Excepting such species as are confined to the moist ground along perennial streams, the great majority of the Upper Sonoran plants are either shrubs or thick-rooted perennial herbs or short-lived annuals. There are in Washington about 500 species of plants which occur in this life zone. Of this number 243 species occur in no other life zone—that is, are distinctive. Furthermore, of this last element 39 species are confined in their distribution to the Columbian Basin of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, several of them being quite rare and local. x Contr. Nat. Herb., Voi. PLaTe VI. bio 7 cc oe 3 ee - te sek. wis ta SAGEBRUSH PLAINS. reteristic view of sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata v1] County, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 37 ORIGIN OF THE UPPER SONORAN FLORA. Some considerations regarding the origin of the Upper Sonoran species of the Washington flora seem to justify definite conclusions. Tn the geographical history of the Columbia Plains, as above outlined, there was found, during the existence of Lake John Day in Miocene- Tertiary time, a rich flora of subtropical aspect. Subsequent to this time and probably not much prior-to the glacial epoch, occurred the principal uplift of the Cascade Mountains. This undoubtedly ‘aused profound changes in climatic conditions, particularly to the eastward of this range, accompanied by correspondingly great changes in the flora. Succeeding the uplifting of the Cascade Mountains came the Gla- cial period. During this period immense changes took place in western Washington, but there is scarcely a trace of glacial work on the plain of the Columbia. Nevertheless, in accord with the lower temperatures there was probably a general southward, migration of the plants, followed by their return on the retreat of the ice. Of the changes which have taken place in the flora since the John Day period to the present time there is no record preserved. In this enormous lapse of time—perhaps millions of years—a forest composed of magnolias, elms, sycamores, etc., apparently much like that of the Lower Mssissippi in the present day, has utterly vanished and no near relatives remain, either in the same or adjacent territory. Inasmuch as somewhat similar subtropical forests existed in Mio- cene time in western Washington, the causes which have led to their extinction are more profound than such climatic changes as could be occasioned by the Cascade uplift and are to be sought rather in the general causes which have lowered the temperatures of the earth’s surface. There remains, then, but one source from which light may be thrown on the present constitution of the flora—namely, its relation to contiguous floras. Such considerations naturally focus first on the physical conditions which most likely prevailed at the close of the last great geological ‘ataclysm, namely, the Glacial period. The most conspicuous result of this period of cold is perhaps the large number of Arctic species which occur on all the higher peaks of the Cascades or stranded on isolated mountains, as the Olympics or the Blues—a fact which ap- pears more striking in mountains farther to the southward. How- ever slight the effect of the Glacial period may have been in eastern Washington, it is quite certain that the temperature was such that no plants adapted to Upper Sonoran conditions could survive. They were either driven southward, as were the Arctic plants, or else per- ished. Following the retreat of the ice, the areas that then became 38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. fitted to support an Upper Sonoran flora could have become inhab- ited either by the northward extension of already adapted plants, or by the gradual modification of species of a colder zone, or by both. The evidence indicates the first method to have been the most potent. South of the Columbia Basin are two very distinct floral regions— namely, California and the Great Basin—divided by the Sierra Nevada. It is perfectly clear that Upper Sonoran plants of the Columbia Basin have been derived in part from each of these sources, assuming that plants which range from California or the Great Basin into the Columbia Basin originated in the former regions and not vice versa. This assumption is based on considerations heretofore discussed. The prevailing winds of the Columbia Basin are from the south- west. So pronounced are these winds that they have had considerable to do with molding the hills in the entire region. Very naturally plants would migrate quite rapidly with these very constant and at times severe southwest winds. The natural route of the Californian plants would be through the low gap in northeastern California made by the Klamath River and lakes. Some few plants may have reached the Columbia Basin by way of the Willamette Valley and the Columbia River, but this, if true, is certainly exceptional, not only on account of the long distance and moist region through which these illy adapted plants would have to migrate, but from the actual fact that few Sonoran plants reach the Willamette Valley, the Rogue River Mountains in southwest Oregon forming a sharp and effective barrier to them, but not to Transition plants. The following lists of Upper Sonoran plants indicate the relative importance of the Californian and Great Basin elements in Wash- ington: SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA ORIGIN, Alnus rhombifolia. Oenothera strigulosa. Aphyllon comosum. Pectocarya setosa. Blepharipappus glandulosus. Piscaria setigera. Cryptanthe subglochidiata. Psilocarphus brevissimus. Hemizonia citriodora. Ranunculus hebecarpus. Lepidium dictyotum. Rigiopappus leptocladus. Lupinus microcarpus. Thysanocarpus curvipes. Mtcroseris linearifolia. Tonella collinsioides. SPECIES OF GREAT BASIN ORIGIN. Trees. Celtis douglasii. Salix amygdaloides. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. Amelanchier utahensis. Artemisia tridentata. Artemisia tripartita. Chrysothamnus nauseosus. Ericameria nana. Eriogonum microthecwm. Eurotia lanata. Grayia spinosa. Adenostegia capitata. Artemisia dracunculoides. Asclepias mexicana, Atripler canescens. Bergia texanda., Carex douglasii. Castilleja pallescens. Chaenactis douglasii. Chorizanthe watsoni. Chrysopsis villosa. Cleome lutea. Coldenia nuttallii. Coleosanthus linifolius. Comandra pallida, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Cryptanthe pterocarya, Dondia depressa. Erigeron concinnus. Erigeron divergens. Euphorbia glyptosperma. Gaertneria acanthicarpa. Gaura parviflora. Gilia leptomeria, Gilia parviflora. Gilia pungens hookeri. Hymenopappus tenuifolius. Iva avillaris. Iva xanthifolia. Lactuca pulchella. Lappula occidentalis. Lupinus pusillus. Mamillaria sp. Mollugo verticillata, Monolepis pusilla, Nicotiana attenuata. Kunzia tridentata. Ramona incana. Rhus glabra occidentalis. Rhus toricodendron. Ribes aurewn. Ribes cereum. Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Tetradymia canescens. Oreocarya leucophaea. Orobanche lidoviciana, Orogenia linearifolia. Oxrytheca dendroided. Pentstemon acuminatus, Pentstemon deustus, Pentstemon gairdneri, Pentstemon glaber. Phaca inflexra. Phacelia linearis. Phlox longifolia. Phragmites phragmites. Piptocalyx circumscissa. Psoralea lanceolata scabra. Ptiloria paniculata. Ptiloria tenuifolia. Rumer venosus. Schoenocrambe linifolia. Sitanion hystrix. Solanum triflorum. Sphaeralcea munroana, Sporobolus airoides, Sporobolus asperifolius. Sporobolus cryptandrus. Strepltanthus longirostris. Stipa bloomeri. Stipa comata. Stipa occidentalis. Stipa thurberiana. Thelypodium integrifolium. Thelypodium laciniatum. Thelypodium nuttatlii. Trifolium megacephalum, Zygadenus paniculatus. 39 From the foregoing lists it is evident that the greater portion of the Upper Sonoran flora in Washington is of Great Basin origin. The comparatively small proportion of Californian species is prob- ably due partly to the barriers through which few plants of this zone 40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. have succeeded in passing. This is indicated by the fact that a much larger proportional number of Arid Transition plants have fomud their way from California into the Columbia Basin, as hereafter shown. There is a third element, however, in the make-up of the Upper Sonoran flora of Washington, namely, those species which seem to have originated in the Columbia Basin, or at least are not known elsewhere. SPECIES PECULIAR TO THE COLUMBIA BASIN. Abronia mellifera. Lomatium geyeri. Antennaria flagellaris. ; Oreocarya celosioides. Arabis whitedii. Oreocarya spiculifera. Arenaria franklinii. Pentstemon glandulosus, Claytonia arenicola. Pentstemon pruinosus. Conanthus parviflorus. Phaca collina. Eragrostis lutescens. Phaca diphysa. Brigeron curvifolius. Pheca lyallii. Brigeron filifotius. Phaca misella. Erigeron linearis. Phaca reventa, Hrigeron poliospermus., Phaca sclerocarpa. Briogonum niveum. Phaca sinuata. Hriogonum proliferum, Phaca speirocarpa. Erysimum occidentale, Phacelia lenta. Gilia leptomeria. Pteryxia terebinthina. Helianthus cusickii. Talinum spinescens. Lappula arida. Thelypodium streptanthoides, Lappula ciliata. Tonella floribunda, Leptotaenia purpurea. Tounsendia florifer. Leptotaenia salmoniflora. Trifolium megacephalum. Lesquerella douglasii. Viola trinervata. HUMID TRANSITION AREA. The Pacific coast region west of the Cascade Mountains in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northwestern California, is notable for its moist climate and equable temperature no less than for the very luxuriant forests which these conditions foster. This region has sometimes been referred to as the Northwest Coast Strip, an unfortunate name, as the term “ Northwest ” has been used in too many senses to give it accuracy. Adopting a suggestion of Mr. D. A. Brodie, the term Vancouver Strip is here given to the region, for which it is desirable to have a definite name in conformity with the remarkably uniform flora and fauna which it possesses. The name above suggested commemorates the name of the navigator who first thoroughly explored the region and whose name has there been attached to the largest island and to two important towns. Much the greater portion of the Vancouver Strip belongs to the Pacific or Humid Transition area. The most characteristic tree is rh, Vol. ® PLATE VII. FOREST OF RED FIR (PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA). View near Lottie. Pheree (anny Phe stuadler trees With spiooth bark are @edar PI plieata. Poeprodieed bw courtesy of Cle Porest sery jee Contr. Nat. Herb. Vol. X PLaTe VIII. CHARACTERISTIC VIEW IN 4 MOIST ForREST vou Cond Phe white tramks sre alder: Almas orecona aud the dapree-lesnve dibs lub Pebitopaias horrid Ino the backeround are hemloeks (Pst Reproduced by co Ttlesy ol the Forest Service PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 4] the red fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) which in the Puget Sound region often makes up over 90 per cent of the forest over large areas (PI. VIT), and up to an altitude of 1,000 meters seldom forms a smaller element of the total forest than 60 per cent. Nearly all of western Washington below the altitude mentioned possesses this character- istic red fir type of vegetation, except a narrow strip along the Pacific Ocean. Here the Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) becomes the dominant tree, making up from 25 to 75 per cent of the forest, while the red fir falls to 10 per cent or less. This narrow strip has heen considered as belonging to the next higher zone, the Canadian, but for reasons hereafter expressed we would include it in the Humid Transition. The principal features of the vegetation of western Washington may be discussed under the three heads of the principal types of soils, namely, the Uplands, the Bottom Lands, and the Gravelly Prairies. Plant associations of lesser importance, but of marked character, are those of the seashores and of sphagnum bogs. UPLANDS. The vegetation of the uplands throughout the Pacific area in Washington is a plant association in which the red fir predominates. The size of this tree and the luxuriance of the associated plants varies with the character of the soil, but otherwise the formation 1s remarkably uniform. In forests in dry or sterile soils the commonest undershrubs are salal (Gaultheria shallon) and Oregon grape (Ber- beris nervosa), while the bracken fern (Pteridium)is the most con- spicuous herb. Shrubs or trees of Scouler willow (Salix scouleriana) are also constantly associated. In better soils the same shrubs remain, but the salal especially becomes much more luxuriant, often forming almost impenetrable thickets. When, however, the red fir is at its best, forming dense forests into which the sun searcely penetrates (Pl. VIIL) the salal and Oregon grape are usually much less conspicuous. Under such circumstances the ground is covered with a thick layer of mosses and scattered crowns of Chamisso’s shield fern (Polystichum munitum). Among the few shrubs which thrive in such dense shade is the red huckleberry (Vaccinium porvifolium). Following the destruction of a red fir forest by logging and subsequent burning, as has been too commonly the case, there is a marked sequence in the plants that appear, usually as follows: The first are nearly always the fireweed (Epilobium spicatum) and the bracken (Pteridium). These are closely followed by the dewberry (2ubus macropetalus) which the following year fruits heavily and then gradually disappears. The thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus) is often abundant also, as is red- 42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. flowered currant (Ribes sanguineum). By this time the Scouler wil Jow is conspicuous, and in wet places the red alder (Alnus oregana), These two trees dominate the vegetation until the young red _ firs which spring up in a very dense growth have become large enough to supersede them. The red fir is so completely the dominant tree in the region that as a rule it quickly reforests itself whenever destroyed. BOTTOM LANDS. The bottom lands of western Washington are mainly river valleys. Less commonly they occur about lake borders or form marshes. The commonest type of forest covering is a red alder and giant cedar asso- ciation, which, however, is seldom pure. Rarely either one of these trees may occupy the ground exclusively. Usually, however, there are associated various other trees, as white fir (lbées grandis), large- leaved maple (Acer macrophyllum), Oregon ash (Fraxvinus oreqana), and cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa.) The cottonwood often forms groves of pure growth in the river valleys, and the maple does so occasionally. Moisture of the soil is apparently the one factor that favors the red alder-cedar association, which is quite as common on springy hillsides and upland swamps as in river valleys. Where the amount of soil moisture is not too great the red fir occurs sparingly, but the individuals are often of gigantic size. In bottom lands that are excessively wet, the alder is absent and often the cedar also. Such lands commonly are covered by dense thickets composed of various species of willows, western cornel (Cornus occidentalis), crabapple (Pyrus diversifolia), and vine maple (Acer circinatum). These same species form the usual fringe along the banks of small streams flow- ing through the forest, especially the cornel and the vine maple. In such situations occur also various shrubs, as the devil’s club (#ehino- panax horridum) which, contrary to the oft-told tale, seldom forms dense thickets, the salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis), the fetid currant (Ribes bracteosum), and the red-berried elder (Sambucus callicarpa). GRAVELLY PRAIRIES. The soil of these prairies, which are comparatively limited in extent, consists mainly of fine water-worn gravel, the pebbles mak- ing up perhaps 50 per cent, or more, of the soil. The prairies com- monly present the appearance of a sterile pasture (Pl. IX.) with seat- tered oaks (Quercus garryana) here and there, and occasional beauti- fully symmetrical young trees of red fir. At the edges of the prairie, where the gravelly soil ceases, a dense forest of red fir usually occu- pies the ground, the gravelly prairie soil serving as an almost perfect barrier to this tree. In a few localities, where the gravelly soil merges gradually into the ordinary loams or clays of the region, the PLATE IX, Herb., Vol, XI, Nat. Contr. PASTURE-LIKE GRAVELLY PRAIRIES IN PIERCE COUNTY. The trees are young examples of the Pacific post oak (Quercus rvania), Contr. Nat. Herb. Vol, XI, PLATE X. ON THE GRAVELLY PRAIRIES IN PIERCE COUNTY. LUPINE ( LUPINUS RIVULARIS) PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 43 black pine (Pinus contorta) disputes the ground with the red fir. Until the middle of July these prairies are carpeted with flowers (PL X). After this time they present a distinctly arid appearance. The flora consists of a considerable number of species which, so far as Washington and Oregon are concerned, do not occur else- where, though most of them range into California. Among them are the following: Lupinus lepidus. Microseris laciniata. Orthocarpus attenuatus, Platystigma oreganum. Ranunculus orthorhynchus. Senecio fastigiata. Sericocarpus rigidus, Solidago tolmieana, Synthyris rotundifolia. Trifolium hatlii. Trifolium tridentatum. Valerianella congesta. Viola howellii. Arenaria tenella, Dodecatheon latifolium. Erythronium giganteum, Gilia tenella. Godetia amoenda. Godetia quadrivulnera. Grindelia integrifolia. Hemizonella durandi, Hookera coronata,. Hookera pulchella. Hosackia gracilis. Iris tenaxr. Lomatium utriculatum. Lupinus albicaulis. A much larger number of species, however, recur in the Arid Transition area east of the Cascade Mountains. Nearly all of these species are limited to the Pacific coast, ranging from California northward to British Columbia on both sides of the Cascade Moun- tains. Here, as in the case of the Upper Sonoran species of Califor- nia origin, there is good reason to believe that most of the species reached the Columbia Basin through the Klamath Gap. Character- istic examples are the following: Agoseris heterophylla. Alechemilla occidentalis, Alsine nitens, Antennaria hoiwellii, Athysanus pusillus. Balsamorhiza balsamorhiza. Balsamorhiza deltoidea. Boisduvalia stricta. Carum gairdneri. Caucalis microcarpa. Ceanothus sanguineus. Collinsia grandiflora. Crocidium multicaule. Hriocephalum lanatum. Erigeron speciosis. Gilia capitata. Gilia gracilis, Githopsis specularioides. Heterocodon rariflorum. Heuchera cylindrica. Hieracium scouleri. Hookera hyacinthina. Hosackia decumbens. Lomatium nudicaule, Lomatium triternatum. Micrampelis oregana. Navarretia interterta. Pectocarya penicillata. Pinus ponderosa. Polemonium micranthum. Prunus demissa, Psilocarphus elatior. Quercus garryana. Sedum douglasii. Sidalcea campestris. Silene menziesii. Sisyrinchium grandiflorum, Tellima parviflora. Thysanocarpus curvipes. Tonella collinsioides. Zygadenus venenosus. 44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, A third series of species, few in number, presents a puzzling prob- lem. It consists of Arid Transition plants common enough east of the Cascade Mountains, which are known to occur west of these moun- tains only on Whidby Island, or, in a few cases, on neighboring islands. They deserve particular mention. Steversia ciliata is abundant east of the Cascades, ranging as a common plant to Minnesota and Nebraska, and as a rarity even to New England. West of the Cascades it is known only from the prairies of Whidby Island. Aphyllon comosum, a parasite on various asteraceous plants, is not ‘are In eastern Washington, and ranges east of the Cascades to Cali- fornia. It has also been found on Whidby and San’ Juan islands on Grindelia. Polemonium micranthum and Lupinus microcarpus, both on Whidby Island, together with Platyspermum scapigerum, Aster con- spicuus, and Seutellaria angustifolia, known from Vancouver Island, are cases practically parallel to that of Aphyllon comosum. Iris missouriensis 1s abundant east of the Cascades, ranging to Dakota and Nebraska. Its station near Coupeville is the only one known in the Vancouver strip. Juniperus scopulorum, which crosses the Cascades to reappear in Island and San Juan counties, is a somewhat similar case. There needs to be mentioned also the only cactus that oecurs in the Vancouver strip, Opuntia polyacantha borealis, confined to the island in the northern part of Puget Sound. Only one physical factor presents itself which may explain these strange cases, namely, the fact that these islands he in the lee of the Olympic Mountains, and therefore have a lesser rainfall, as may be seen by comparison with the rainfall map. The conditions, therefore, more nearly approximate those of the Arid Transition area than any other portion of Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. But, admitting this to be true, it is difficult to see how these species could have crossed the barrier of the Cascade Mountains. The only other alternative would seem to be that these species once occupied much of the Vancouver strip, and have persisted northward only in this some- what drier region of Whidby and adjacent islands. The case of a few Vancouver Island plants, ike Zilaea subulata, ‘Festuca reflewa, and Microseris bigelovit, not otherwise known north of Oregon, and especially the cases of Baeria gracilis and Allocarya chorisiana, which leap from California to Vancouver, seem, however, to lend weight to the latter hypothesis. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 45 SEASHORES. Immediate proximity to the sea furnishes conditions that support a strip of vegetation consisting of few but very characteristic species. On the Washington coast there are two marked formations—the sand dunes and the salt marshes. Typical sand dunes are confined to the ocean coast, not occurring on Puget Sound. The important sand-loving plants are: Abronia latifolia. Lathyrus littoralis. Abronia umbellata. Lupinus littoralis. Carex macrocephala Poa macrantha. Glehnia littoralis. Tanacetum huronense. Less abundant, but not less characteristic, are: Agoseris maritima, Pentacaena ramosissima, Carer pansa. Poa confinis. Gaertneria chamissonis. Polygonum paronychia. Juncus leseurii, Sanicula howellii, In the lee of the dunes or on shores where the sand does not drift there is often a strip of black pine (Pinus contorta), forming dense thickets, the trees seldom over 30 feet high. Where not timbered ‘arious species adapted to campestrine conditions abound, but few of them are confined to the seashore. Such are: Argentina anserina. Fragaria chiloensis. Carduus edulis. Trifolium wormskioldii. Cerastium arvense. Viola adunca. Festuca rubra. Intermediate in character between these meadowy beaches and sand dunes are sand spits and high, sandy beaches. These maintain, in consequence, a rather mixed flora. Salt or brackish marshes are most commonly found on low shores, especially near the mouths of streams, where they are at least occa- sionally covered by high tides. They often occur also behind bigh sea beaches. Most of the plants are those which love a saline soil. The most characteristic are saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) and glass- wort (Salicornia ambigua), the latter often infested with a dodder (Cuscuta squamigera). A portion of the plants found in these seashore marshes are con- fined to the immediate proximity of the sea. Such are: Ammodenia peploides. Jaumea carnosa. Atriplex littoralis. Lathyrus maritimus. Carex cryptocarpa. Orthocarpus castilleioides. Coelopleurum maritimum. Sidalcea hendersoni. Conioselinum fischeri. Tissa marina. Others occur also in alkaline marshes in the interior, such as Juncus balticus, Glaue maritima, and Triglochin maritimum. 46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. A few other species exhibit a marked predilection for proximity to the sea without being apparently either sand-loving or salt-loving plants. Such are: Artemisia suksdorfii. Poa pachypholis, Calamagrostis aleutiea. Polypodium scouleri, Hydastylus borealis. ° Salix hookeriana. Hydastylus brachypus. Selaginella struthioloides, In addition to these the marine aquatic genera Zostera and Phyl- lospadix deserve mention as our only genera of flowering plants found in the ocean. The related Ruppia maritima oceurs in brackish waters. SPHAGNUM BOGS. Sphagnum bogs are quite common throughout western Washington. The usual shrubs are Labrador tea (Ledum latifolium), laurel (Mal- mia glauca), and cranberry (Oxycoceus ovycoccus intermedius). Usually a willow (Salix myrtilloides), sweet gale (Myrica gale), and a dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) ave present also. On the drier hummocks small hemlocks (7suga heterophylla) often occur, and in similar situations one is often surprised to find the black pine (Pinus contorta), typically a plant of barren, gravelly or sandy soil. The more interesting and characteristic herbs are sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), cotton-grass (Lriophorum russeolum), Scheuchzeria palustris, and Juncus oregana. In the bogs near the ocean coast Ledum columbianum and Myrica californica replace their two close relatives. THE COASTAL STRIP. One other important forest association of Washington, namely, the tideland or Sitka spruce forests, in immediate proximity to the Pacific Ocean, is perhaps best classed as Humid Transition zone rather than otherwise. The facts in the distribution of this species are peculiar. It is the dominant tree, forming over 50 per cent of the forest strip, along the coast from middle Oregon northward to Kadiak Island, beyond which all timber ceases, and the flora becomes almost that of the Artic Zone. Therefore we have this one species of tree dominat- ing a continuous stretch of sea level, from the Arctic Zone to the Humid Transition, through both the Hudsonian and the Canadian zones. In the north the Sitka spruce forests end sharply with the arctic meadows. In the south they merge imperceptibly with the red-fir forests. This enormous stretch of a single species at sea level is probably due to the remarkably equable temperature and great humidity of the immediate seacoast. PTPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 47 That this strip of Sitka spruce should be considered Humid Tran- sition rather than Canadian or Hudsonian is open to question, Accompanying the spruce throughout all or nearly all of its range, are some other plants, such as Pébes laxiflorum, Moneses uniflora, Menziesia ferruginea, Cornus canadensis, and Viola glabella, which in the Cascade Mountains occur mainly or only in the Canadian or Hudsonian zones. On the other hand, it is very evident that the great majority of the plants in the Sitka spruce forests of Washington are truly Tran- sition plants. Indeed, some of the most characteristic of the under- shrubs of the red-fir forests are even more luxuriantly developed in the spruce forests, such as the salal (Gaultheria shallon), red huckleberry (Vaccinium parvifolium), and the evergreen huckleberry (V. ovatum). Some others, as the salmon berry (Rubus spectabilis) and the devil’s club (chinopanax horrida), accompany the spruce throughout nearly all of its range, and likewise occur in the Cascade Mountains far above it in altitude. , Other facts of plant distribution also bear out the conclusion that the mixed floral character of the ocean coast is due to the remarkably equable temperature. One of these is the fact that a number of Alas- kan plants follow down the coast with the spruce, but do not follow down the mountain ranges. Such are the marsh plants Viola langs- dorfti, Nephrophyllidium crista-galli, and Caltha asarifolia; the dune plants, Carex macrocephala, and Glehnia littoralis; and Cala- magrostis aleutica, Coelopleurum gmelini, which on the Washington coast splits into two supposedly different species, Carex cryptocarpa, Conioselinum fischeri, and Ammodenia peploides. On the other hand, the northward extension of various Californian coastal plants overlaps the southward extension of these Alaskan species. Among these are ilbronia latifolia and A. umbellata, Angelica hendersoni, Gaertneria chamissonis, Myrica californica, and Pentacaena ramosissima, Perhaps, too, the peculiar conditions of this coastal strip may aid in explaining the local abundance of Pinus contorta, which otherwise reappears principally in the lodge-pole forests of the Canadian zone. The zonal position of the Sitka spruce itself is a difficult matter to decide. Undoubtedly it reaches its greatest development as to size on the Washington and Oregon coasts, but on the Alaska coast it reaches its greatest development as regards number of individuals and domination of the forest. ARID TRANSITION AREA. In Washington this is confined entirely to the eastern portion, except, perhaps, a few limited localities west of the Cascades. here- tofore discussed. In our limits this area has two marked subdivi- 48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. sions. The lower subdivision is grass-covered and lies immediately above the zone of the sagebrush. The conspicuously abundant plants are bunchgrass (Agropyron spicatum) and a June grass (Poa sand- bergu). Indeed, these areas are often called bunchgrass prairies. They constitute the most extensive and valuable lands of the Colum- bia Basin, and consist entirely of basaltic soil, except in a few gravelly valleys of glacial origin. The upper subdivision is covered by a forest of yellow pine. This grows mostly on soils of granitic origin above the level of the Columbia lava. THE BUNCHGRASS PRAIRIES. These constitute a belt of varying width lying between the zone of sagebrush below and that of yellow pine above. Altitudinally they he between 500 and 800 meters. The bunchgrass prairies are best developed in extreme eastern Washington, there constituting the rolling hills known as the Palouse and Walla Walla regions. In the so-called “ Big Bend Country ” of Lincoln and Douglas counties the prairies are very similar, but less rolling. In Yakima and Klicki- tat counties the bunchgrass lands are confined to the high plateaus, known as the Rattlesnake Mountains and Horse Heaven (PI. XT). On the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains they are limited in extent. The basaltic soil of these prairies where the rainfall is compara- tively large is a black clay loam, perfectly free from grit. The subsoil is similar, but yellowish in color. These soils have originated wholly from the decomposition of basalt in place, and vary from a few inches to 50 feet or more in depth. Owing to the prevailing southwest winds the hills have, as a rule, much steeper north and northeast slopes, on which the accumulated soil is unusually fine and deep. These moister “north hillsides” support a vegetation much like the narrow vales or draws between the hills. In regions of decreasingly less rainfall there is a correspondingly smaller degree of disintegration of the basaltic rock, which indeed often crops out upon the surface. Such rocky lands are locally called “scab” or “scablands.” The lie for the most part between the typical bunchgrass prairies and the sagebrush plains, but possess in the main the flora of the former. The bunchgrass prairies (Pl. XIT) are treeless, and excepting along streams and by springs, or on north hillsides, shrubs are rarely seen. Of the herbaceous vegetation, apart from the grasses, the most con- spicuous plants are the lupines (Lupinus ornatus, L. sericeus, and L. wyethii), often very abundant; the sunflowers (Balsamorhiza sagit- tata and Helianthella douglasii), Gaillardia aristata, Geranium inci- sum, and Leptotaenia multifida. In moister places ris missouriensis SSVHDHONNG 4O SINIVHd TH NSAVSH SSHOH SHI NO (WAL YVOlds NOHAdOH DY S71 "ALNOOD LVLINOINY PLATE XI. PLATE XII. RANGE LANDS NEAR WHITE STONE LAKE, OKANOGAN COUNTY. The consplenous plants are yarrow (Achillea lanulosa) and scattered individuals of a sagebrush (Arte ia tripartita). Contr. Nat. Herb., V XI. PLaTe XIII. VIEW IN A COULEE NEAR LYONS FERRY. ebrush (Artemisia tridentata) wu ‘oWwth of sa as wellas the characteristic 2 is shown, orimrock The PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 49 and the “black sunflower” (Wyethia amplexicaulis) often occupy large areas in nearly pure growths. Along the streams and by springs willows of several species, to- gether with a thorn (Crataegus brevispina) form thick copses. Occa- sionally aspens (Populus tremuloides) and cottonwood (P. tricho- carpa) form groves. The commoner undershrubs are snowberry (Symphoricarpos racemosus) , roses (fosa nuthkana and FP. pisocarpa), and gooseberries (/?zbes inerme and FR. irriguum). Intermingled with these are other shrubs of less importance. Occasionally, how- ever, the birch (Betula microphylla) is the most abundant shrub. The accompanying herbaceous vegetation is richer and more varied than on the hills, but the individuals are relatively less abundant. Among the more conspicuous are: Castilleja miniata. Solidago scrotina. Clematis hirsutissima. Urtiea lyallii. Heracleum lanatum. Urtiea holosericea. Lupinus leucophyllus. Valeriana ceratophylla, Sidalcea oregana. ; Veratrum californicum, The north hillsides flora consists mainly of plants found in the “ draws,” though there are several species which, while not entirely confined to the north hillsides, flourish there especially well. Such are the adder’s tongue (L’rythronium grandifiorum), blueberry (Vac- cintum cespitosum), Trillium petiolatum, and Capnorea villosula. The scablands, which as before stated lie mainly between the zone of sagebrush and that of bunchgrass, possess in large part the flora of the latter. A few species, however, are quite characteristic of these basaltic outcroppings. One of these is a service-berry (Amelan- chier cusickii) which often occurs in the cracks of basalt crags. The rock-rose or bitterroot (Lewisia rediviva) occurs abundantly in the crevices of “scab,” making a brave show with its beautiful rose- colored flowers. Where a thin soil is formed, the scabland sagebrush (Artemisia rigida) often occurs in considerable areas. Other plants usually found only in scablands are: Arabis cusickii. Lomatium grayt. Eriogonum thymoides. Lomatium macrocarpum., Lomatium canbyi, Talinum spinescens. Lomatium farinosum, Viola trinervata. The conspicuous basaltic outcroppings along canyons and coulees are locally known as “ rimrock.” The rimrock flora is in genera! the same as that of scablands of similar elevation. (PI. XIII.) 29418—06 m——4 50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. THE YELLOW PINE FORESTS. The yellow pine belt in eastern Washington hes between the alti- tudes of 550 and 1,000 meters (1,800 and 3,300 feet). In places the characteristic tree, the yellow or bull pine (Pinus ponderosa), de- scends nearly to sea level, as along the Columbia River, and specimens of the trees are occasionally found at 1,800 meters (6,000 feet) alti- tude. This tree exhibits a marked predilection for soils of granitic origin, and whenever such soil is found, even if completely isolated, the yellow pine is quite sure to occur. The zonal distribution of the tree is not primarily due, however, to a soil factor. The raised dome of the northern portion of the Blue Mountains, wholly basaltic, is tim- bered with this tree. Likewise narrow tongues of the Columbia basalt of the usual elevation, 600 to 750 meters (2,000 to 2,500 feet), extending into Idaho between the flanks of granitic mountains, are covered with yellow pine forests. Nevertheiess, it is apparent that this tree encroaches on the clayey basaltic soils with difficulty. Whether this is owing to the inability of the seedlings to struggle with the herbaceous vegetation or to a lack of adaptation to the soil itself, or to some other factor, remains to be determined. From the fact that the yellow pine establishes itself on basaltic clay soils under favorable conditions of moisture and temperature, as in the Blue Mountains, or of the shading and abundant seeding that the sur- rounding forests provide in western Idaho, it is evident that the soil factor is not the only one that has prevented the spread of the pine forest. Yellow pine forests (Pls. XIV, XV), where pure, are open in char- acter, and marked by the relatively small amount of forest litter. There is a rather scattered growth of various shrubs, consisting of ninebark (Opulaster pauciflorus, buckbrush (Ceanothus sanguineus), and rose (/?osa gymnocarpa). Ata somewhat higher altitude where the yellow pine is at its best, the commonest undershrub is the huckle- berry (Vaccinium macrophyllum). Where such forests are more open the most abundant plant is often the pinegrass (Calamagqrostis suksdorfit). Yellow pine forests are, however, seldom pure, except at low alti- tudes in rather dry soil. In the moister situations afforded by higher altitude, shaded slopes, or vallevs, the yellow pine is ustially mixed with red fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata) in varying proportions. In- deed, as the moisture becomes greater the proportion of the red fir increases until it becomes the predominating tree. The increasing proportion of red fir is usually accompanied by a proportional in-~ crease in the density of the forest and the amount of litter. Shrubs, too, become more abundant both in species and individuals, and under favorable circumstances, as in old burns, some of them, espe- PLATE XIV. On the YEL | L Ow PINE Blue Mea PINUS PONDEROSA), talnis, south of the Ore won Hite, OTEE TO AAT A roti proddd ny Ot ALS LSayO4 40) 3A MO] INicf VSOYUFIGNOd SNNId PLATE XV, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 51 cially sticky laurel (Ceanothus velutinus) and thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus), form dense thickets. Such Arid Transition forests, in which the red fir becomes the most abundant tree, resemble very closely the Humid Transition forests of western Washington. Indeed, they are intermediate in character petween the two, merging at lower altitudes into the ordinary vellow pine forests, and at higher altitudes into the Canadian or white pine zone. Inasmuch as the Canadian and higher zones in the Bitterroot Mountains have a flora very similar to that of the Cascade Mountains, 1t is not surprising that the higher and moister portion of the Arid Transition shows a like similarity. ORIGIN OF THE ARID TRANSITION FLORA. ~The Arid Transition flora, like the Upper Sonoran, is clearly made up for the most part of three sets of species. These may be denomi- nated the Californian element, consisting of plants which have migrated from California; the Rocky Mountain element, species whose distribution is easterly and southerly from the region here considered; and the Columbian element, those species which are con- fined to the Columbia Basin and have in all probability originated there. THE CALIFORNIA ELEMENT. This consists of species which range from California through the low passes in the Klamath region into the Columbia Basin. =. & c Mm an) aa = > = @ = O = 0 =a >} t a ae) >, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 61 Distribution of characteristic Hudsonian species. pie Mountains, = a ; a. .|¢ el]. | & zi. gleiég 22 22282322 212 § Name of species. = ro) £52 " 2 2) 2 2) 2 8 EOE & e 4/8 Sela Zia 2 . i) je | we | we ~ |» ae) | 6 Y YS lol = — - - =| = a ie = SB S/81/8/8/8/2)8] oe S| E|# | EER 2 2 2/2 22/52 5 8 = A % SAA AZIA A BAH Be Abies lasiocarpa......... 00.20.22 22002 22 eee eee xX XxX Xx kK X/)|X xX) X/|X xX xX x Angelica lyallil .......22.-2..02-2 022-2222 eee eee Xo... X o..... X wee eee Xo... Aquilegia flavescens ...........--..-----.2--- .--- a Jaseeles we X sees cee Xo... Arnica latifolia................-22..----------- xX XX) xX. Y | XX Le. eee eee. x Aster ecusickii 2.2.2.0... 20000020 eee cee cee eee X cece eee wlaceeleces pe Aster foliaceus ........... bee cece eee ee eeeee x Xo. pa, Aster integrifolius.......2....222.-----.2 22225 cece cee cee ce eee cee cee eee > a Xo... Bromus suksdortii ..... 22.20.20... 602.00 c eee cee cee eee cee eee X o..ee eee X eee eee eee x Cardamine lyallii ..............-2...-.--------..--- Xo os... X loses eee eee a a Carex mertensii ...................----------- X XX MX XX) X ..e. KX) OX Lecce OX Lee Cassiope mertensiana ...............2...----- X X XK X) X) Xi... KX) NX eee eee Xo... Cassiope tetragona ...........22...----2-+---- X OX wee. eeee eee Fr rs er Castilleja elmeri...... a a a Chamaecyparis nootkatensis.............-.-. X NM RN) NX X| XM oe. KM eee. eee eee eee eee Chelone nemorosa...........22.20022220008 aerleaee X X)|Xj)xX) xX .... X |.ee. eee cee eee eee Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus .............--.. Da > a. Claytonia lanceolata ....0....2..0. 022220222022 22s X OX |X |X cece eee eee] X see. eee x x Cryptogramma acrostichoides............--.. X X X/|X) X X 2... ee. X .... X xX x Dasiphora fruticosa ...........2-...--------+- XX ws... eee XX wee. eee X |.... 2... xX... Delphinium giaucum ..........-....--------- J X sce.) KM loess) KM cece eee ee eee eee leeee X xX .... Deschampsia atropurpurea..........-...-.--- Xx xX xX) X X > X wee XX) xX... Xx x Dodecatheon tetrandrum ..........-.-22.---2- cee eee eee eee eee X ol... eee. > a Dryopteris oreopteris............. gk >. ng Epilobium fastigiatum....................-2. 2222 2222 eee eee X X ce... eee X xX > xX... X Epilobium hornemanni ...........-.--...---- eee XK) Xj. XX KX Lil. X Lee. ee. x x Epilobium luteum .................----.-.--- |X XX Leelee. X OX wll. KX seek eee eee eee eee Eriophorum polystachyum...............---- | x | > ox... Erythronium montanum...........-.......2. .-2.).--- DXi... XX XM) X ee. ee eee eee eee Erythronium parviflorum..........-.... veceeleneeleeee| Kf...) XOX Lee eee) Xe eee xX. Eucephalus glaucophyllus .........-....----- Jeeee| X [oesefeees eens > eee ne are Eucephalus ledophyllus..................--.5)66 ceceee eee eee XX OX) Xe eee eee lowes eaee Gaultheria humifusa..............--22.00-222- ee ee eee xx Gaultheria ovatifolia................-...---2+ -05- | Gilia nuttallii...... eS a Pe Harrimanella stelleriana................-.... x Hedysarum americanum...........-.-------- x | Hedysarum sulphtirescens ..........-.. -....0+-- Heuchera glabra .......-....--.-.2--------00- _, Hemieva ranunculifolia...........2222.2222-.)-+-- Hoorebekia greenei ............20.2220 0222022 cee cee eee Juncoides glabratum..............2...----2-- 20-5) Juniperus sibiriea ......................--206- x | Kruhsea streptopoides .............---.------ Xx | Larix lyallii.. 2. eee ee eee eee seas Ledum glandulosum ..............2----------)-++- Leptarrhena pyrolifolla ............---.------- x | Ligusticum leibergi ................-..-.- weaslececlas Ligusticum purpureum ............-..-.-----| eee Lonicera utahensis.........---..-------------)---- Luina hypoleuca...........------------+-----/- eee Merathrepta intermedia..........--...-----. eee Mimulus lewisii.......-.......-2.-----22-2-2-).00- Mitella breweri.....-. cece ee eee e eee eee ee eee eee Mitella pentandra............-. vieecesseerees| X Nabalus hastatus..................2.--.2+---- | x Nephrophyllidium crista-galli ............... | X Parnassia fimbriata ..............--.-.-- ee eee Pedicularis bracteosa .............-----.----- leone Pedicularis racemosa. ......-----.-----2++-22-\---- Pedicularis surrecta...............-2-.--.---4. x Pellaea densa ............22.--22-22 22-22 e eee leeee Pentstemon fruticosus .........-2...-22....--- i Phegopteris alpestris..............--......... lowes x Phyllodoce empetriformis.........-.....-.--. +++. Xx Pinus albicaulis .........2..2-22.-0--- 2-20 eee eee | | x Polemonium humile..............----.------ | Xx | | xX Polygonum bistortoides ....... eee e cece eeeeee | x) | | ox x | Polygonum imbricatum...................--. es es ee ee OX Lee. eee XK ....) X ..e. cee. Pyrus occidentalis. ............222---22----22-)-2-- Xx | xX [ress] x) X| x | p, a ee Rainiera stricta .............202002 20222 c eee eee eee 5 a a Ranunculusalismellus ..........-..-..-...... wees sieefesee]eese]e res > a ee ed ee | Xs... e+e Ranunculus populago.................-.----- es re res Pee rn a Rhodiola frigida ....................2.-..--. > eee ry | X j..../-2. | KX j.eee eee X j..e. Rhododendron albiflorum ................-..---- xi x/|x/ixi x!) xj) x! xi xi... Xo... 62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Distribution of characteristic Hudsonian species—Continued. ) oy of ig || | 3 |e) zi ; Ele) ey £ (2) .) ,)3)¢ 2/2/2\¢ 2 2 5 2 2 4/4aii g Name of species. elols|s 8/2 5 8 2/4] 2/5/8 elel7l2 2B Fz 2 2 2/52 2 E/E; Sn & A HIT SHIP A & gi2/Be 22222 2/2 2/3 se | Bo Ss Sie fJ/e&|#/ 5 ElS|2)2/2 2/2 2/2 E125 /2 (TIA OA A AIA AR ALH KE Se Ribes howellii.............22..0002.0. cece eee eee (xix. Xx Xxx | vee Ribes laxiflorum ..............2......-.....-- XX) X Le eee ee. Jenne wane eee elenee wees Ribes lentum.........22. 22.20.0200. c cece eee cece eeee X wee. X lees eee X oles eee Rubus lasiococcus................2.2..222 2.02. wee X |X ieee) KX] XX) XK) OM LLL Le le. x Rubus nivalis .........22222...0.000 222222222 ee X | OX... Xe ee lee eee eee | Xx . Saussurea americana...........2.....0...000- -... Ko... X |X eel, |X eee ee. x . Saxifraga mertensiana .....................-- Ox) xl ox | x LI) x TD meen Sedum divergens............0......2000--0--- eeeeeeee| Xe KX] OX LX elle cee Senecio subnudus ............0222.20-002. cence eee X jl... eee eee X cee X [oeecleee. a ee ee Senecio triangularis...............0220200----/0-- x] xj... OX |X lll. X lees cess wees xXx Spiraea densiflora ............0...20.02022202222)002. x] xi....) x |x) x | x |x x| x x Tofieldia intermedia .......................2. eee) X| XOX X | a ae xX) Xo... Trollius laxus ........... nnn X{X) xX wo. lee ee Pee ee eee Xo... Tsuga mertensiana......................2.0-- 'x|x)x x.) x|x|x!/x | x {| X |X| Xx X Vaccinium deliciosum .....................-- ow Xk] xX LL xX xX Lees es ee Vaccinium scoparium................02...022 2s. Jensefewee aoe | x | xX > xX x|]x 2... 2... x | X Valeriana sitchensis....................0...00. X)/X |X we. X}| XX) OX Leelee. | x x Veratrum viride..............002022022-0-200. OX) X| xX... KX) XL. x | ox Ll X eee Xerophyllum tenax............2..0..02002-0- eee (xix X |X... X eee elle. Xo. THE ARCTIC ZONE. This is sharply marked by the high altitude timber line. As before explained, this line extends to a much higher altitude, 700 meters or more on Mount Rainier, on the ridges than in the draws between. This, in general, is true of all the northwestern mountains. On the highest mountain peaks flowering plants extend up to 3,200 meters (10,500 feet) altitude. The lower portion of this zone, except where there are rock outcroppings, is covered with a dense carpet of grasses and flowers. Among the more abundant of the former are Festuca viridula, Poa arctica, and Agrostis rossae. Among the more conspicuous flowers in the damper places are a buttercup (Ranun- culus suksdorfii),a marsh marigold (Caltha leptosepala), and a shoot- ing star (Dodecatheon jeffrey). On the drier slopes Pulsatilla occi- dentalis raises its curious tasseled heads of akenes; a lupine (Lupinus subalpinus) forms great masses of blue; a painted cup (Castilleja oreopola) makes mats of dull crimson, and a cinquefoil (Potentilla flabellifolia) furnishes an abundance of yellow. Even more con- spicuous are the two ‘“ heathers,”’ Phyllodoce empetriformis and Cassiope mertensiana, the former with clusters of rose-purple flowers, the latter with the clusters pure white. Along the rills a beautiful blue gentian (Gentiana calycosa), the crimson mimulus (A/imulus lewisii), and the yellow arnicas make parti-colored borders. . Two small plants, a saxifrage (Savifraga tolmie’) and Lutkea pectinata are conspicuous only because they form dense mats. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 63 Along the limit of the meadows in what have been called “ pumice fields” a very different series of plants appear. Among the more characteristic are a lupine (Lupinus lyalli/), the curious Spraguea umbellata, an Eriogonum (£’. coryphaeum), Oreastrum alpigenum Erigeron aureus, and Polemonium elegans. The above description apples particularly to the Arctic Zone in the Cascade Mountains. The flora of the same zone in the Olympics is very similar, the principal differences being in the flora of the high- est peaks. In the Blue Mountains of Washington the Arctic Zone is very limited in extent. The arctic flora of these last mountains is, however, about as closely related to that of the Rocky Mountains as to that of the Cascades. | The following list shows the same comparative data as regards distribution as were shown for Hudsonian species: ? Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species. —— — ———-—___—. a J | gt | | | | | | g| 5 | | of | Pa =) = | | | =| | ol | =. ois ie]. #lel® (£l;alglziz ez Fig £/e/Sleslzelglsiailé Name of species. = Ys 2 2/8/77) 8) 8 g fe Ss Ee FE g GF AH Bln Zaz 2S £/e2 £/8/8/)/e/4lelel= ie Sis £18 E/8/)8/8]/eo/8/8 le") & PE RE 2/2 2/2/8128) 8 912 pi Sie ie Se i ae le eee a SoS oS 7 A OUR A A A ABA HB A | Agoseris alpestris...........-- wee eee cette cece eee cere eee) X | OX) X x | es Agoseris aurantiaca ....2.....0.2..2.020 0222 | X xX... X| KX) KX) xX] xX fll. Xx Agrostis humilis.............----.------------ eee X Meee. XOX Leelee.) x [eee eee. x Agrostis rossa@ ....22. 02... 222 2222-2 e ee eee eee le. ..| XX jee.) XK) XS wees) X |e... eee. x Allium validum.... 0 ..22....2-2..2--2--0-2.. ed ee ee Pe | X |e... ee. eee] X x |x Alsine calycantha..................-.-.2.-2.. x | - X|xX|X) xi. ae > Anemone drummondii...........-.-----.----/.... leeeel xf...) X ox.) x i) x) x) OX ll, Antennaria media .................-2....-4.. eeeeleeee x/|/x|x > x |x| x | xX |X .... X x Antennaria lanata ............-..2..--22-0--2 02 2c aes. x |X} X) X |... ..2.) x [elle Kl... Apargidium boreale........2........2.2-0005 | x | X lee) XK Lee eee xX lle ee eee cee Arabis latifolia ..........0....002...222-..---. ee ee ee Dees x |. a x |x Arabis lyallii............ 22.22 ..22..----2----- eee) X | xX |.e.] x | x x |x|... xX Aragallus monticola ............22...22.----- 0... lee eeeecelecee >, a x Arenaria capillaris.............2----..-------. x| xX) xX| xX) xX) xX Ll. x Xx Arenaria nuttallii. so... 02.2 eee eee eee XX j....).222) x xX XxX Arenaria sajanensis .........2.2--2.-2--------- x |x] xX |... eee. | Xl... ee. X je... eee x Arenaria verna... 02.222. 0..2-2--222202220-00-2- X leeee) X |eeeee xX |X X |X x xX Arnica parryi ...2.....2...2.22.2.-22-2------- 20n. XOX... XOX ee le. X loc. eee x Asplenium viride .................22......... Da |eceeleseeleeee cece Bikukulla uniflora ..... 22.22.22. 22-. 000200222 oe ce eee eee ee ee X j....| xX | x | x,| x | X x Calamagrostis vaseyi..........2.0..02002002020 020. eee x | X |X eeeeleccelecccleeesleeee sees cece Caltha biflora ........222...220222-------2---- Ox x I. x | X,| pa ed ee ee Caltha leptosepala .........0202...202. 000000. x|x x - x | x...) x | xx xT Campanula piperi.............-....--.-.----. 2... Jenee] X [e---|eeeeJe---]e- ee leeeeleeee ee eee Campanula seabrella ...... 22.22.2222. 222222 coe cece cee eee eee | X [...ej..ee/e.ee [eee X |.--.j.--- Cardamine bellidifolia ..........2.0.2..22.... > a pl. | x x|X x Cardamine kamtschatica ........2.0...20.... xX |x >Xx > a ee ee eee Carex breweri..........2......0. 0-202 eee wee cece cee wees x | x | x | X j.. x x Carex circinata .........2...2022.2.2.2.22---. a, ae ee |. *.| on ee ee eee Carex illota ...........000.0..02..0.2220-200-- XX) X .... XK) X wel ele. | xX | xX - Carex nardina .............2-.2-22 222-22 e ee eee X.-.-| X | X | XM fe... .. fee. l....) X : Carex nigricans ...............2..0.0-2002005- (xX > x) xX...) xX | x weeeleoee x |..../....) X . Carex pyrenaica ..................2-22..--0-. OX) xX) X/....) X | xX LeeLee. xX x| x . Carex spectabilis.............22..222020200005 (x x x 'x|x|x| x] x fi. x Carex vermacula .... 2.20... 202. e cee cece eee cee eee cece nee X sees cece cae Jeweelesse Castilleja oreopola .............--.2.2222 2222 eee | XX) XOX |... ee ee eee ee la eeeleese Castilleja rupicola 2.2.0.2... 000.0000 000022 cee eee eee eee ps Jewenleeeclecee cone Castilleja suksdorfii.......... 22.22.2220. 2 2222 ce eee ce eee eee X j...-[ X jess eee ee ee eee Claytonia megarrhiza................22..222-).020/2--- cece] Xo seeeeeee eee x |....j..2.| x |. Crepis nana .... 0.20... 0.2222 eee eee eee eee | X |eee. OX |e. eee X jee elee. X |e..e)eeee] XK). Dodecatheon jeffreyi................2..002---/eeee | x | X |..-- X | oX j....jeee. | X [eeee|eee| X |. Douglasia laevigata ................ 0.020022 e eee clan ee x |. x eee] x lll) lee ele. Loe. Draba aureola...........----. wee cee cee eee ee ee eee ee | x |-.-- - weefee ee! 0% |eneeleees Draba lemmoni ...............22-.00 2202 -eeee ee ee es eee OX |..eefeeee | x | weaelecee x. Draba lonchocarpa........--.--22002eeee eee ee eeeeteeee) XM |eeee) X | OX |eveelececleceeceeeleeee) X leeee 64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species—Continued. ains. Name of species. | Mount Shasta. | Sierra Nevada. | Rocky Mountains. Mount Rainier. Mount Adams. | Northern Cascades. | Olympic Mountains. | | Arctic regions. | Mount St. Helens. | Mount Mazama. | Blue Mount Dryas octopetala ...........2....-2222.22----- X rmpen nigrum....... wee eee ee cee eee x Epilobium alpinum .................-.------- x Epilobium anagallidifolium ............-.... xX | Epilobium clavatum ............22-...-2-22-. 220. | Erigeron acris debilis ......................-..... Erigeron aureus......... ns nee Be | xX) Erigeron bloomeri...............-2... 20222225 cece eee ec ee cee ce te ee ee seen eeee Xo... X wee. eee Erigeron compositus ............... a | | Erigeron leibergii ...............2...20-.-2---2) 0000 0222 2 - Pe ne rd ee ee Erigeron salsuginosus .........--..-.--..--+-- x |...) x | x | Erigeron uniflorus.............2----.----+---- Eriogonum coryphaeum .............-2..----/..-- . ee Eriogonum minimum .............---.---- wee! x ad tal ” * al “ a ~“ nA Eriogonum piperi ...................-.....--- lees Eriogonum umbellatum..............-....--- Eritrichum howardi.......................--- Eryvsimum arenicola...............0.02..-0022 0220 20s Festuca viridula...........2..-.. rs ee Festuca ovina supina.....................-2-- | Gentiana calycosa........... . Gilia debilis. 2.20... eee ee eee cece cee eee Hedysarum americanum.................200. cee eens | Hedysarum sulphurescens ........-.....----- . Jewee Hesperogenia stricklandi .................... ee Heuchera racemosa .........2.....2..002202-2/e0ee Hieracium gracile................2.-.....---. | Hippuris montana .............2..220..2000-- | a Hoorebekia lyallii........2..........0...-2.-. lo. Juncoides spicatum ...............--2..------ Juncus mertensianus.............-..-..-2----- JUNCUS PAITY] ........ 0.2 cece eee ee eee eee eee eeee Juncus subtriflorus.............22-2..--2----- | Leptotaenia watsoni ............22.. 0. cece eee cee ee ee Lesquerella occidentalis ........---.-----.--- leeesleces cece Lewisia columbiana........ Leeeeeeees SES yx Lewisia nevadensis ....................20---- | | Lewisia triphylla...........2....-22-... seeeeee Lewisia tweedyi..............22...2eeeeeeeeee ease | x Lewisia pygmaea .............22.-..- re xX). Lloydia serotina...............2-.22.--2-.000- |x |x| Lomatium angustatum...............2....2-- 0002 000: | Lutkea pectinata...............----------.--- x x! Lupinus lyallii........... 0.0... eee eee eee Xi... a Lupinus volcanicus ............2-.-.0- 2 eee eee cee eee eee -~r--| Lycopodium selago ............--.-.----5 Peeee Lycopodium sitchense ........----.---- wees Mimulus alpinus .............-.--.-0--22-202 20 cee ee ee | .- Mimulus rubellus ...........22.....- 20-22-2222 222) eee eee Oreastrum alpigenum........--.-.-.------+-+-- le aclaseelenee Orthocarpus Imbricatus ............ seeeeee eee er Oxyria digyna ..............22....-0020e eee | x |x| x Pedicularis contorta ........---...2-2--200--500-- wees X Pedicularis ornithorhyncha................../.... x Pentstemon menziesii............---2-.------)..-.- xX | Xi... Petasites frigida..................-020-0200 00 |xi x] xi, Phaca hookerianus................-..0. 2000-0 ceee eens x Phaca suksdorfii ...........-.....20-2 20 eee cee cee Phacelia sericea.............22..222.. 20222265) x Phegopteris alpestris .............2...-2.2..-. x Phleum alpinum ...............2....2-2.----. |x Phlox condensata......... cence cece eeeueees wlecee ee .. Phlox diffusa........--...2--220 22-22 ee eee eee x Phlox douglasii .....-....---. 00-2 e cece eee eee cee eee eee Phyllodoce glanduliflora....... wee e eee ee eeee x | Pinguicula vulgaris .............---..-2...--. Xx Poa alpina............-- seen eee eee e eee eeeeees xX Poa lettermani ........... 02... 2-2 eee eee eee ee eee jeeeelecee . Poa paddensis...............- rd Pa | x|x Poa suksdorfii ...........-.-.--- 2-2-2 seeeeeelaaes leeeeleeeel, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 65 Distribution of characteristic Arctic-Alpine species—Continued. ] | ] | | | | | | . yw |Z 5 | os | | of 23 . Z £ (Eg lei Zlelelelzlz (sl¢ig¢/2/\& Speci 2 € 2 2/2 2 zl E 2/2 E/E 8 Name of species. 1g ¢ 3 4/3 | -/ E/E; |S) 218 P/E 2S HS A HIT S/H Ee lA lA . v a ~ ~ Pie ~ = ~ |e S/S FLEES SLE SIE E\2)= P/RIBIS/S/S/S/5/2/5/5/5/5 “A\/A/SIAl/AIALALA RAH) ele | | | | | Polemonium elegans..........-..eeeseeeeeee eeee Jewecleeceleces pa, Ge we[eeeeleeee Polygonum minimum..................---..-- x | X | KX j...-) X | 6X |... |x| x X [....)---- Polygonum newberryi ...........-.. 0.2 eee cece eee eee | x | x |X X | X j....| Xf....J....) X Polygonum viviparum ....................... KX | OX |... ee eee eee eee bee.) X foeee[....] x |e... Polystichum lemmoni........2............-+: loo eeleaes \eeec| X [eceeleccelecee jeceejeeeeleeee] X [eee ejeeee Polystichum lonchitis.......................- x| x|x]|xj|x|x.....| x| xX wees] X [ones Potentilla dissecta .........22....020--002000e ee ee ee XX /|..../...e x x | x |.... Potentilla flabellifolia................-.--.--- TUX Ts x x! xl xf xl xhos x Potentilla villosa.........2....02.0..020eeeeee | x |....{ K [....| X .eeeleeeefeeee ee Oe ee ee Pulsatilla occidentalis ..................22224) X ee. X [ieee] X sees eee x |....| X |X) x Ranunculus eschscholtzii ............-....--- |x x | x | X |i... X ....] K] X [eee |x| x Ranunculus suksdorfii ................2..---- 0065 X j....leeee x) xX loll. X |......- leeeeleeee Ranunculus verecundus ........... 2.00.20 ee cee cee eee |eeee| X |eeee eeeeleeee | ee ee ee ee lessee Salix nivalis.......2. 22... 22. e eee ee cee cee eee >. ye | x ll... Salix temera.... 22.2.2... e cece ee eee eee eee tees X o..../eeee | x | wenelenee ene eee | X Saxifraga adscendens..............-..2..---- XX weeeleeee ee ee ee | x | Saxifraga bongardi...... cee eeeeceeeeees seve Ox x x) x | x Le x | x | |; X| xi x Saxifraga caespitosa.................0.2.0020- lx ji... x fi.) Klee ele. eee on x Saxifraga debilis............... ne ee wee) X [eceeleceeleeee) X foweejeeee x Saxifraga nelsoni............2222222----000eee box foe.) X feces) X feces cece cece eee [eseeleeeeleeee Saxifraga tolmiei...................22...--222006- X |...-[.... X| X/| X| xX x | xX i...) X Sibbaldia procumbens............-...-.---++- | x| xX|xX|x|xXj] X)........ x | X}..../ X Sieversia rossii.... 02.00... cece cee eee eee > aa a a > a | X Sileneacaulis................-..-.------------ x | xX | X]....) X |... see eee. X |e... 2ee x Silene lyallii 2.2.20... cc. cee eee tees }x| xX] xX] XX] X |)... ee eee ee ee cence ee Silene suksdorfii........2....2.2..22. 202 ee eee noes leteleeee] X | X | X/....| X eee] XK Lee. eee. Sitanion rigidum... ........... 22-2 ceeeeeeeeeee eens x | Ki X) Xi XX KL. Smelowskia calycina.............-----.------ x |...) x | x {....) x |...) x | ed | X Smelowskia ovalis...........2...-.0...00---4- leeceleeee) X x | x | ed ed Pe Pre ar Spiraea hendersoni ..............-----+------ ed an es ee es | a Jewesleces — Spraguea umbellata............ 0.00... e eee eee eee K |....[....) X x | x |x| xX|X/)....) xX x Thlaspi alpestre................- 2022 e cece eee e eee wecclecceleces| X |ee--leeee xX |X|...) x1 x fi. Trisetum spicatum .............-.-.---+-----+ x|x| xi}... x x | x |x) Xj....) X| xX x Veronica alpina...........-.--....0.--2------ xX [...-| KX Je...) KX] XK le...) KX) K ll... eee. x x Veronica cusickii .............2---2+--20+-+- wee) Xie] K |X| Xe x) XX [eee Viola flettii...........020. 02.2222 e eee eee eee leeeeleeee) X [eee e/seeel eee Pe eee Jasscleeee ee oo Zygadenus elegans........-....-2-..22---02e0 eee x > xX a aa inn x | ee x | REGIONS OF PECULIAR BOTANIC INTEREST. In a State where conditions are so diverse as in Washington, and where practically every locality that has been carefully explored contains species of apparently very limited range, it is difficult to say which places have transcendent botanical interest. Where, however, the local massing of species of narrow range can be associated with more or less definite environmental conditions, the phenomenon is worth especial consideration. The following areas thus deserves special attention. THE OLYMPIC MOUNTAINS. The most striking peculiarities as regards these mountains, botan- ically considered, are the excessive rainfall on their southern and western slopes, and their isolated position. The heavy moisture precipitation results in modifying greatly the effect of altitude, so that the lines of zonal demarcation are much obscured. Many Humid 29418—06 m——-5 66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Transition species ascend even to the Hudsonian zone, producing thus a strange mixture of lowland and subalpine plants. From the isolated position of these mountains together with their considerable elevation, some peculiarities would naturally be presup- posed. The flora is, however, exceedingly similar to that of the Cascade Mountains. One misses, to be sure, a few conspicuous Cas- cade inhabitants, such as Savifraga tolmie?, Lupinus lyallii, Gentiana calycosa, and Fucephalus ledophyllus, but the great majority of the plants are the same as those of the Cascades. The species which are not of the Cascade Mountains present, however, some interesting problems. Up to the present time there are only about ten species known to be peculiar to the Olympics, and these are all species of high altitude and most of them abundant as to individuals. They are as follows: Aster paucicapitatus. Senecio flettii. Campanula piperi. Spiraea hendersoni. Epilobium mirabile. Synthyris pinnatifida tomen- Erysimum arenicola. tosa. Polemonium amoenwmn. Viola flettii. Campanula piperi is nearly related to an Alaskan species. The others have their nearest relatives in Cascade and Sierra forms. Some few species have a strangely isolated station in the Olympics. Phaca hookeriana, a species of the mountains of northern California and adjacent Nevada, also occurs in the Blue Mountains and then, apparently vaulting the Cascades, reappears in the Olympies. Synthyris pinnatifida tomentosa likewise has no close relative ex- cept in the Wasatch and Rocky Mountains. Thermopsis montana, collected in Chehalis County, is not other- wise known west of the eastern border of Washington. Therofon majus intermedium is a subspecies whose parent species occurs in southeastern Oregon and California, and strangely enough reappears in abundance in the Bitterroots, though unknown in the Blue Mountains. Hedysarum boreale, a very abundant species in the Olympies, is not known from the Cascades at all, though occurring in the north- ern Rockies and eastward to New England. In the northern Cas- cades and in the Bitterroots appears the closely related species //, sulphurescens. , Heuchera racemosa is an abundant species in the higher Olympics. Otherwise it is a very rare plant, on Mount Adams and on Mount Rainier. Further explorations of these mountains are likely to disclose other peculiar species. These should be sought: especially on the highest peaks. PLATE XVIII. OAL OU] dh SULYOO] (HOS do) EOE, Sado d UIs UHOdy Mat “HSAIY VIGWNIO9 AHL 40 390) AHL 4O NOILVLIADSA PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 67 THE COLUMBIA GORGE. The wonderful gorge of the Columbia River (Pl. XVIII), extend- ing a distance of about 50 kilometers (38 miles), presents peculiarities scarcely paralleled elsewhere in the Pacific northwest. The cliffs, ris- ing hundreds of meters vertically, present almost every rupestrine con- dition. Some of them are in almost perpetual shadow, others sub- jected to bright sunshine. Some become dry almost with the cessa- tion of the spring rains, others are bathed constantly in the spray of waterfalls. There are thus furnished suitable conditions, both to species from the arid interior and to others that normally flourish only in cool mountain valleys. The resultant association of Cana- dian or even Hudsonian species with those of the Transition zones is strikingly peculiar. That such an unusual environment should be the habitat of a con- siderable number of species not found elsewhere might have been predicted. No less than 16 species are practically confined to this region. They are: Agrostis howellii. Lomatium sp. nov. Calamagrostis howellii. Mimulus alsinoides. Delphinium trolliifoltium. Pentstemon barrettae. Dodecatheon dentatum. Poe imultnomae. Hrigeron howellii. Sullivantia oregana. Brigeron oreganus. Tellima odorata, Hemieva violacea. Valerianella aphanoptera. Hicracium longiberbe, Viburnum ellipticum. Some few others are worthy of special mention. Bolandra oregana, otherwise confined to the Columbia gorge, reappears on the bluffs of Snake River in Wallowa County, Oreg. Synthyris reniformis, abundant on the Oregon side of the gorge almost at the river’s edge, has its real home in the Canadian and Hud- sonian zones of the Blue and Bitterroot ,mountains. Like several other species, it does not occur on the Washington side of the Colum- bia gorge. A number of the Canadian and Hudsonian species that descend into the Columbia gorge are more or less modified from their original forms and may be regarded as subspecies, when compared with the alpine forms. Such are: Romanzoffia sitchensis, Saxifraga occidentalis. Saxifraga bronchialis. Valeriana sitchensis, Saxifraga caespitosa, But a larger number preserve their identity beyond question. Such are: Carex macrochacta, Pentstemon diffusus. Chelone nemorosa. Pentstemon rupicola. Cornus canadensis. Polypodium hesperium. Douglasia laevigata. Tofieldia intermedia. 68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. KLICKITAT COUNTY. A considerable number of species reach their northernmost exten- sion in Klickitat County or in adjacent Skamania County and are not otherwise known to occur in Washington. In some cases a long distance to the southward intervenes before the species again occurs. This local northern distribution is perhaps due to the association of Humid and Arid Transition conditions and a warm southern slope exposure, the resultant combination being highly peculiar. The species to which the above remarks apply are: Arnica eradiata. Azolla caroliniana. Bromus orcuttianus, Ceanothus prostratus. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus. Collinsia rattani. Collinsia sparsiflora. Cynoglossum grande. Cypripedium fasciculatum. Epilobium ursinum. Eriogonum nudum. Eryngium petiolatum. Festuca confusa. Garrya fremontii. Juncus uncidlis. Lepidium nitidum. Melica fugar. Mimulus douglasii. Nemophila sepulta. Orogenia linearifolia. Panicum hirticauton., Piscaria setigera. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus. Polygonum austinae. Polygonum greenei. Scribneria bolanderi. Tonella collinsioides. Trifolium ciliolatum. Gilia bolanderi. Viburnum ellipticum. Gilia divaricata. Viola sheltoni. Hemicarpha occidentalis. Some of these species will perhaps be found in Washington outside of Klickitat County, but the flora is well enough explored to make it quite certain that this will be the case with but few of them. MOUNT STUART AND THE WENACHE MOUNTAINS. Mount Stuart, a tall granitic peak in Kittitas County, and the sur- rounding Wenache Mountains, have long been of peculiar interest botanically, owing to the considerable list of species which are there localized. This peculiar localization of species, several of them with- out close relatives, seems to be in a measure associated with the granitic character of the region. Recent investigations have shown that most of the speciés occur also to the northward, but that they are confined almost entirely to granitic soils of the crest of the Cascades. Among the species thus restricted aré the following: Arabis whitedii. Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata. Calamagrostis tweed yi. Calochortus lyallii. Castilleja elmeri. Lewisia tweedyi. Cynomarathrum brandegei. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha. Delphinium viridescens. , Poa canbyi. Delphinium xantholeucum. Douglasia dentata. Frigeron leibergii. Leptotaenia watsoni. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 69 Rainiera stricta, Solidago caurina. Rudbeckia alpicola, Sphaeralcea longisepala. Sazxifraga apetala, Spiraea cinerascens, Senecio elmeri, Valeriana columbiana, This extremely restricted range of so considerable a number of species in a mountain chain which would seem to offer no barrier to their extension southward is perhaps due primarily to the fact that the greater portion of the Cascade system from Mount Rainier south- ward is volcanic. Indeed, the eruption of the igneous rocks not only may have brought about the isolation of the plants above mentioned, but, through their preference for granitic soils, may have kept them from spreading southward. This idea further obtains support in the fact that there are some striking similarities between the flora of the Mount Stuart region and that of the Klamath region in southwestern Oregon, which is also largely granitic in character. This is exemplified by a number of species which do not occur in the intermediate region. Among them are— Arabis suffrutescens. Hoorebekia greenei. Bikukulla uniflora. Kelloggia galioides, Campanula scabrella. Ledum glandulosum. Chaenactis nevadensis. To these should perhaps be added Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata and (. nardosmia, Luina hypoleuca, and L. hypoleuca californica. Facts to be adduced hereafter in connection with the make-up of the flora of the Blue Mountains emphasize still more the above conclusions. While a great portion of the plants of the Cascade and the Blue mountains are identical, there are nevertheless many species whose occurrence in the former mountains is so local that their recurrence in the latter furnishes some strikingly peculiar facts. As before stated, the central and southern portions of the Cascade system are composed of recent voleanic rocks, while the northern portion and the Siskiyou and other mountains of the Klamath region con- tiguous to the southern end of the Cascades are made up of older rocks, largely granite. This difference in geological structure seems to be directly associated with the distribution of certain plants here discussed. The facts of the distribution are, first, that there are species in common between the northern Cascades and the Klamath region which are absent in the intermediate portion of the Cascades; second, that certain species occur only in the Blues and the Klamath region or the northern Sierras; third, that others occur only in the northern Cascades and the Blues; and finally some species occur in all three regions, but not elsewhere. 70 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIES COMMON TO THE NORTHERN CASCADES AND THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.@ * Angelica canbyi. * Nemophila brevifiora. Angelica lyallii. Parnassia fimbriata. *Castilleja oreopola. * Pedicularis contorta. Claytonia megarrhiza. (Also Polygonum alpinum. on Mount Jefferson. ) * Ranunculus suksdorfii. * Dodecatheon tetrandrum. Rhododendron albiflorum, Frasera speciosa. Rumer paucifolius. *Hoorebekia hirta, Sambucus melanocarpu. Hoorebekia lyallii. * Silene oregana. Lewisia pygmaea. SPECIES COMMON TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS AND THE NORTHERN SIERRAS AND KLAMATH REGION.! Arenaria aculeata. *Asclepias eryptoceras, Oenothera scapoidea. *Aster bloomeri. *Pellaea breweri. Calochortus eurycarpus. *Phaca bolanderi. Carduus ochrocentrus. Physaria newberryi. Caulanthus hastatus. Poa bolanderi., Cercocarpus ledifolius. *Potentilla breweri. Coleosanthus microphyllus. *Salia lemmoni., Draba lemmoni. *Sedum debile., *Hrigeron austinae. *Hrigeron bloomeri. Galium bifolium. *Gentiana simpler. Gilia micromeria. Gilia tenerrima. Ivesia baileyi, *Smelowskia fremontii. Sphaerosciadium capitellatwm. Thalictrum fendleri. *Trifolium beckwithii, *Trifolium plummerae. SPECIES COMMON TO THE MOUNT STUART REGION, THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, AND THE KLAMATH REGION.C¢ Agoseris retrorsa. Ivesia gordoni. *Arabis lemmoni. Ledum glandulosum. *Arabis suffrutescens, Lewisia triphylla. Bikukulla uniftora. *Melica fuga. *Bromus suksdorfii. Melica stricta. Claytonia megarrhiza. Cordylanthus capitatus. Hricameria nana. Hupatorium occidentale. *Hoorebekia greenei. *Hoorebckia greenei mollis. Spiraea densiflora, Spraguea umbellata, Stipa lemmoni. *Veronica cusickii. *Viola beckwithii, Viola purpurea. No especial attempt has been made to determine what species are absent from the Blue Mountains which might be expected to occur there. It is especially striking, however, that all the forest trees of @ Species marked with an asterisk are confined to the above regions. + Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these three regions. ¢ Species marked with an asterisk are confined to these two regions. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 71 the adjoining Bitterroots reach the Blues excepting the higher alpine Larix Tyallii and the giant cedar (Thuja plicata). The absence of the last tree is the more marked as it is common throughout the Bitterroots, even on most of the outlying peaks. Some few other plants common in the Bitterroots are likewise absent from the Blues. Among them are Frasera fastigiata, Mitella stauropetala, Pentstemon pinetorum, Coptis occidentalis, and Asaruni caudatum. The explanation of this peculiar interrelation in the floras of these distant mountains is probably to be sought in two facts. First, these mountain regions are alike in being composed wholly or largely of vranite rocks; second, the intervening portion of the Cascades 1s wholly made up of volcanic rocks. THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. The greater part of this range lies within the State of Oregon. Its central portion, known as the Powder River Mountains, consists of granitic peaks which rise to an altitude of 2,400 to 2,700 meters (7,000 to 9,000 feet). Surrounding this granite center are lower mountains composed wholly of basalt. Such is the case with the portion which extends into Washington. Occupying as they do a nearly central position in the Columbia Ba- sin, quite widely separated from the Cascade Mountains to the west- ward and the scattered mountains southward, while almost contig- uous to the outlying ranges of the Bitterroots to the east, peculiar- ities in the constitution of the flora of these mountains would be ex- pected. That such is the case was recognized by their earliest ex- plorer, Douglas, who made no less than three trips into this rather unique region. The general facies of the flora is that of all the other mountains surrounding the Columbia basin. The great majority of the plants are identical with those of the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains and scarcely a smaller proportion with those of the adjacent moun- tains in Idaho. An analysis of the remaining portion of the Blue Mountains flora chows that it consists of several elements of diverse origin which combine to make it peculiar. These elements are, first, those species that are known to occur only in the Blue Mountains; second, those species whith are common to the Rocky Mountains but which do not reach the Cascades, and third, those species which are also of more or less local distribution in the Cascade Mountains. The plants known to be limited in distribution to the Blue Moun- tains are neither numerous nor strikingly different from their nearest relatives. In themselves they indicate scarcely more than that their 72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. origin is comparatively recent. It is worthy of note that a large pro- . portion of them are habitants of the higher granitic portions of the mountains. The list is as follows: SPECIES CONFINED TO THE BLUE MOUNTAINS. 4 Allium collinum. Lomatium oreganum. Allium macrum. Lupinus cusickii, Allium madidum. Lupinus sabinei. Aragallus cusickii. Lupinus sulphureus. Calamagrostis cusickii. Madia ramosa. Castilleja cusickii. Pentstemon cusickii. Castilleja rubida. Pentstemon venustus. Castilleja rustica. Phaca cusickii. Draba cusickii. Physaria oregana, Elymus nitidus. Potentilla brevifolia. Brigeron chrysopsidis. Primula cusickiana. Frigeron membranaceus. Pteryxia foeniculacea. Eriogonum strictum. Pteryvia thapsoides. Frasera cusickii. Quamasia cusickii. Lappula hispida. Ranunculus populago. Lathyrus cusickii. Senecio condensatus. Lathyrus rigidus. Sitanion latifolium. Lomatium cusickii. Townsendia alpigena. The Rocky Mountain element consists of a considerable number of species, including some genera which otherwise do not occur in Washington or Oregon. Most of these are confined to the higher granitic peaks, very few occurring within Washington limits. The presence of this Rocky Mountain element is undoubtedly a direct result of immediate contiguity, though the species may have been isolated on these remote peaks for a long period. It is noteworthy that a number of the list reach the Sierra Nevada but not the Cas- cades. The species are as follows: SPECIES THAT OCCUR ALSO IN THE ROCKIES BUT NOT IN THE CASCADES. Androsace septentrionalis. Britrichium elongatum. . Anemone parviflora. Galium bifolium. Arabis microphylla. Hedysarum mackenzii. Aster elegans. Lepidium montanum. Aster integrifolius. Leucocrinum wnoellatum. Aster scopulorum. Ligusticum tenuifolium. Carer hystricina. Peraphyllim ramosissimum. Conioselinum scopulorum. Phaca aboriginum. Corallorhiza corallorhiza. Phaca kentrophyta. Draba alpina, ‘Polemonium confertum. Draba glacialis. Pinus flexilis, Erigeron armeriaefolius. Salix fernaldii. Erigeron coulteri. Senecio renifolius. Eriogonum piperi. Thlaspi glauca. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 73 PLANTS KNOWN TO OCCUR ONLY IN WASHINGTON. There are 158 recognized species and 27 subspecies of vascular plants which have thus far been found only within the confines of Washington. They are as follows: Agastache occidentalis. Agropyron flerwosum. Agropyron saxicola. Agropyron spicatum puberu- lentum. Allium crenulatum, Alsine washingtoniana. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia di- versifolia. Amelanchier cuneata. Angelica canbyi. Antennaria confinis. Antennaria hendersoni. Antennaria latisquama. Antennaria leucophaeu. Antennaria tomentella. Apocynum ciliolatum. Arabis atrorubens. Arabis subvillosa secunda. Arabis whitedii. Arnica betonicacfolia. Artemisia atomifera. Aster elmeri. Aster wattii. Atriplex zosteracfolia. Cacaliopsis nardosmia gla- brata. Calamagrostis inerpansa bar- Dulata. Calamagrostis langsdorfii lac- tea, Calamagrostis tiweedyi. Campanula piperi. Capnorea fulerata. Capnorea villosula. Carer nebraskensis ultri- formis. Carex paddoensis. Castilleja angustifolia abbre- viata. Castitleja angustifolia whitedii. Castilleja elmeri. Castilleja levisecta. Castilleja miniata dixonii. Castilleja crispula. Castilleja rupicola, Castilleja suksdorfii. Clematis suksdorfti. Coelopleurum maritimum. Crataegus piperi. Crepis glareosa. Crepis rostrata. Cynomarathrum brandegei. Delphinium viridescens. Delphinium xantholeucum. Douglasia dentata. Drymocallis glabrata. Hpilobium mirabile. Elymus condensatus pubens. Elymus virescens. Frigeron aureus. Hrigeron curvifolius. Erigeron leibergii. Erigeron poliospermus. Eriogonum douglasii ramo- sum. Eriogonum minimum, Eriogonum tolmieanum. Hriogonum umbellatum hypo- leium. Erysimum arenicola. EHucephalus paucicapitatus. Fragaria crinita. Galium cymosum. Hemieva violacea, Hesperogenia stricklandi. Heuchera glabella coluimnbiana. fHleuchera racemosa. Hookera bicolor. Hydastylus borealis. Hydastylus brachypus. Hypericum bryophytum. Isoetes echinospora flettii. Isoetes minima. Isoetes piperi. Juncus columbianus. Lappula ciliata. Lappula cottoni. Lappula hendersoni. Lappula saxratilis. Lathyrus obovatus — stipula- ceus. : Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior. Leptotaenia watsoni. Lesquerella douglasii. 74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Ligusticum purpureum. Lomatium macrocarpum arte- misiarum, Lomatium suksdorfii. Lupinus alpicola. Lupinus saxosus. Lupinus subalpinus. Lupinus subsericeus. Lupinus voleanicus. Madia erigua macrocephala. Melica bella intonsa. Mentzelia brandegei. Mertensia canescens. Mertensia infirma. Mertensia laevigata. Mertensia platyphylla. Mitetla micrantha. Monardella discolor. Monardella nervosa. Navarretia klickitatensis. Oreocarya cclosioides. Oreocarya leucophaea. Oreocarya spiculifera. Orthocarpus barbatus. Oryzopsis hendersoni. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha. Pentstemon gairdneri hians. Pentstemon pruinosus. Pentstemon rupicola. Pentstemon variabilis. Phaca arrecta leibergii. Phaca glareosa. Phaca lyatlii. Phaca sclerocarpa. Phaca serotina. Phaca sinuata. Phaca speirocarpa. Phaca suksdorfii. Phaca tweedyi. Phacelia lenta. Physaria geyeri. Phlox lanceolata. Phlow viridis. Phlox whitedii. Poa cottoni. Poa curtifolia. Poa leckenbyi. Poa pachypholis. Poa suksdorfii. Polemonium amoenum. Polemonium elegans. Two of the genera included above, ‘monotypic. Polemonium pectinatum. Potentilla permoliis. Quamasia suksdorfii. Rainiera stricta. Ranuneulus triternatus. Ribes watsonianum, Rubus hesperius, Rudbeckia alpicola. Saxifraga apetala. Sedum divergens. Senecio condensctus, Senecio elmeri. Senecio flettii. Senecio foetidus. Senecio fraternus. Senecio vaseyi. Silene suksdorfii. Sitanion basalticola. Sitanion latifolinin. Sitanion planifolium. Sitanion rubesecis, Solidago caurina. Sphaeralcea longisepala. Sphaerostigma hilgardi. Spiraea cinerascens. Spiraea hendersonii. Stipa comata intonsa. Stipa elmeri. Stipa thurberiana. Symphoricarpos acutus. Synthyris pinnatifida tomen- tosa. Synthyris schizantha. Talinum spinescens. Teucrium occidentale — visci- dum. Thelypodium streptanthoides. Therofon majus intermedium. Trillium crassifolium. Utricularia intermedia. Vaccinium deliciosum. Vagnera racemosa brachys- tyla, Valeriana columbiana. Valerianella aphanoptera. Valerianella mamillata. Veratum caudatum. Veronica allenii. Viola flettii. Viola trinervata. Xanthium oligacanthum. Rainiera and Hesperogenia, are PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 7d PLANTS WHICH PROBABLY WILL BE FOUND TO OCCUR IN WASHINGTON. The following list consists of species which are known either to occur both in Oregon and British Columbia, or else to grow within 13 kilometers (10 miles) of the Washington boundary. Most of -them will probably be found to occur in Washington localities : Agrostis howellit Scribner. Rooster Rock, Oreg. Allium cusickii S. Wats. Bluffs opposite Lewiston, Idaho. Andromeda polifolia I.. Priest Lake, Idaho. Arnica aurantiaca Greene. Blue Mountains, Oreg., and Chilliwack, B. C. Aster cordalenus Hend. Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. Aster lyalli A. Gray. Vriest Lake. Astragalus howellii A. Gray. Near The Dalles, Oreg. Brachyactis frondosa (Nutt.) Gray. The Dalles, Oreg. Carex interior Bailey. Chilliwack Valley, B. C. Chiogenes hispidula (1...) Torr. & Gray. Priest Lake. Cyperus houghtoni Torr. Upper Ferry, near Lewiston, Idaho. . Delphinium trolliifolinm A. Gray. South bank of Columbia below Cascades. Brigeron howellii A. Gray. Near the Cascades of the Columbia, Oreg. Eriophorum angustifolium Roth. Chilliwack Valley, B. C. Eupatorium purpureum L. Saturnaelsland, B. C. Festuca reflera Buck]. Portland, Oreg., and Vancouver Island. Howellia aquatilis A, Gray. Sauvies Island, Oreg., and Kootenai County, Idaho. Lepidium idahoense Heller. Lewiston, Idaho. Lilaea subulata H. B. K. Oregon and Vancouver Island. Lomatium donnellii Coult. & Rose. Near Lewiston, Idaho, Microseris bigelovii A. Gray. Oregon and Vancouver Island. Mimutlus clivicola Greenman. Thatuna Hills, Idaho. Mimulus scouleri Hook, Tongue Point, Oreg. Mitella stauropetala Piper. Thatuna Hills, Latah County, Idaho. Myosurus sessilis S. Wats. Near Arlington, Oreg. Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Woffm. Saturna Island, B. C. Poa invaginata Scribner & Williams. Mitchells Point, Oreg. Nalic prolira Anders. Mouth of Fraser River, B. C. Sanicula marilandica L. North Idaho. Savastana macrophylla (Thurb.) Beal. Sauvies Island, Oreg. Scirpus macounti Hohn. Chilliwack Valley, B.C. Sullivantia oregana Wats. Multnomah Falls, Oreg. 76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS OF WASHINGTON. POLYPODIACEAE. FERN Famiy. Indusium wanting, the sori naked. Sori elongated, following the veins, often branched or netted... CERopTERis (p. 76). Sori round. Leaves pinnatifid; sori large, on the tips of the veins. . -- - PotyropiuM (p. 76). Leaves ternate or twice to thrice pinnatifid; sori sroall, on the backs of the veins. .......-.-.-------------+--- PHEGOPTERIS (p. 77). Indusium present. Sori marginal covered by the more or less modified margin of the leaf (false indusium). Sporangia on a marginal vein which connects the ends of the lateral veinlets...........-.---.------------- Preripium (p.’78). Sporangia at or near the ends of unconnected veins. False indusium continuous ......---.------------- PELLAEA (p. 78). False indusium not continuous. Sporangia on the under side of the false in- dusium .........-.-.--------------------- ADIANTUM (p. 78). Sporangia on the leaf surface beneath the false indusium .....--------------------------- CHEILANTHES (p. 79). Sori not marginal nor covered by a false indusium. Fruit-bearing veins parallel to the midrib; sori linear. Sori nearest to the margin; leaves of two sorts -.-.- STRUTHIOPTERIS (79). Sori nearest to the midrib; leaves all alike ......--- WoopwakDia (p. 79). Fruit veins not parallel to the midrib; sori not linear. Sori oblong, on oblique veins. Leaves pinnate, small, firm..............-.2-.. ASPLENIUM (p. 80). Leaves bipinnate, large, flaccid... ....-...-.-- ATHYRIUM (p. 80). Sori round. Indusium conspicuous, peltate or reniform. Leaves firm, coriaceous; indusium peltate.. PotysticHum (p. 80). Leaves membranaceous; indusium reniform. DRryYOpTeRis (p. 81). Indusium inconspicuous, not peltate or reniform. Indusium under the sorus, stellately divided. Woopsta (p. 82). Indusium hooded, fixed by a broad base. ... Finrx (p. 82). CEROPTERIS. 1. Ceropteris triangularis (Kaulf.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 29: 630. 1902. - GOLD-BACK FERN. Gymnogramme triangularis Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 73. 1824. Gymnopteris triangularis Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 84. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in California.”” Collected by Chamisso. Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Gardner 392. Also reported from Eatonville, Flett, and from near Port Angeles. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. POLYPODIUM. Leaves leathery; veins more or less netted. ...... wee cece ee eee eee 1. P. scouleri. Leaves membranous; veins free. Pinnae attenuate, acute or acuminate..................-------- 2. P. occidentale. Pinnae short, obtuse. .......... 00-20. -e ee eee ee ee eee eee 3. P. hesperium. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 77 1. Polypodium scouleri Hook. & Grev. Icon. Fil. 1: pl. 56. 1829. LEATHER-LEAF POLYPODY. Polypodium pachyphyllum D. C, Eaton, Am. Journ. Sei. IL. 22: 138. 1856. Type LocaLiry: Not ascertained. Rance: British Columbia to California along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Granville, Conard 320; Fort Canby, Bruner, October 29, 1881. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Polypodium occidentale (Hook.) Maxon, Fern Bull. 12: 102. 1904. LicorIcE POLYPODY. Polypodium vulgare occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 258. 1840. Polypodium faleatum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 1: 20. 1854. Type Locauity: ‘‘On rocks and decayed wood, common near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Alaska to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 300; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20, 1888; Clal- lam County, Elmer 2811; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 11; Castle Rock, Piper, October 31, 1901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Polypodium hesperium Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 200. 1900. Type Locatity: ‘In Coyote Cafion, Lake Chelan, Washington.’”’ Collected by Gorman. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Stehekin, Whited 1392; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 703; without locality, Vasey 41; Cape Horn, Piper 5013, 5015; Mount Baldy, Conard 288; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2225. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Arctic. This species is the basis for the record of Polypodium vulgare L. in Suksdori’s List. PoLypopiuM CALIFORNICUM Kaulf. (Polypodium intermedium Hook. & Arn.) is reported from the Columbia River, collected by Scouler, in Hooker’s Flora 2: 258. It is quite certain that there is a mistake here either as to locality or as to identity. PHEGOPTERIS. BEkEcH FERN. Plant densely tufted; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tripinnatifid...........- 1. P. alpestris. Plants spreading by rootstocks; leaves triangular. Leaves bipinnatifid; rachis winged.............-.-2------------- 2. P. phegopteris. Leaves ternate, the stalked divisions pinnate or bipinnate; rachis wingless......-.-.-.---------- +--+ 22-22-22 - ee ee eee ------- 8. P. dryopteris. 1. Phegopteris alpestris (Hoppe) Mett. Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. 83. 1856. Polypodium alpestre Hoppe, Taschenb. 216. 1805. TYPE Loca.ity: European. Rance: British Columbia to.Montana and California. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Clallam County, Elmer 2806; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2111; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 658; Wenache region, 2,120 meters altitude, Brandegee 1222; Bridge Creek, Elmer 36. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2. Phegopteris phegopteris (L.) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 462. 1893. Phegopteris polypodioides Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52. Polypodium phegopteris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1089. 1753. Polypodium phegopteris minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 258. 1840. Tyee Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae fagetis et in Virginia.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Iowa, and Virginia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2035. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM ‘THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. - 3. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée, Gen. Fil. 243. 1850-52. Polypodium dryopteris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1093. 1753. Polypodium dryopteris rigidius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 259. 1840. Type Locauiry: European. Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2813; Whidby Island, Gardner 372; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 18, 1889; Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 659; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 778, Whited 1436; Horse- shoe Basin, Elmer 732; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 212, 185; lone, Kreager 404; Mount Carlton, Kreager 275. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mostly Canadian. ADIANTUM. 1. Adiantum pedatum aleuticum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 49. 1845. MAIDEN-HAIR FERN. Adiantum pedatum rangiferinum Burgess, Proc. Roy. Soc. Canada 44: 11. 1887. Type Locauiry: Unalaska. Rance: Alaska to Quebec, south to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Emer 2809; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 820; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 661; Elmer 723; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2030; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian. PTERIDIUM. 1. Pteridium aquilinum pubescers Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 91. 1900. BRACKEN. Pteris aquilina lanuginosa Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 176. 1882, not Pteris lanuginosa Bory 1810. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Range: Alaska to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1416; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 520; Wawawai, Beattie, July 12, 1902; Clea- lum Lake, Cotton 1852. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, abundant; Arid Transition, occasional. PELLAEA. Veins manifest; leaves oblong, pinnate, the segments oblong, obtuse, not crowded. ..-..-...-.-.-. 2-222 eee ee eee 1. P. occidentalis. Veins concealed; leaves ovate, tripinnate, the linear acute segments crowded .......--.-2-. 22-22-2222 2-22 e eee ee ee eee 2. P. densa. 1. Pellaea occidentalis (EK. Nelson) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 466. 1900. Pellaea atropurpurea occidentalis EK. Nelson, Fern Bull. 7: 30. 1899. Pellaea pumila Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 4. 1900. Type Locauity: “In a cafion in the Laramie Hills,’? Wyoming. Rance: South Dakota to Wyoming and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2083. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Doubtful. 2. Pellaea densa (Brack.) Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 150. 1858. Onychium densum Brack. in Wilkes Exped. 16: 120. ¢. 13. 1854. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘Oregon, on the banks of Rogue’s River.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2810; Mount Stuart, E2mer 1105; Sand- berg & Leiberg 821; Stehekin River, Whited 1385; Blue Mountains, Horner 526; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Hudsonian. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 79 CHEILANTHES. Leaf-blades glabrous above, bipinnate; ultimate segments mostly entire. . 1. C. gracillima. Leaf-blades pubescent above, tripinnate or tripinnatifid; ultimate seg- ments mostly crenate...-. 2222222222222 ee ee eee eee 2. C. feei. 1. Cheilanthes gracillima D. C. Eaton, Bot. Mex. Bound. 234. 1859. LACE FERN. Type Locauity: “Cascade Mountains of Oregon at 7,000 feet altitude, lat. 44°.” Collected by Newberry. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, E7/mer 2814; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1054; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 521; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1211; Stehekin River, Whited 1384; Lake Chelan, Whited 1396; Bridge Creek, Elmer 660; without locality, Vasey 37, 38. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition to Hudsonian. 2. Cheilanthes feei Moore, Index Fil. 38. 1857. Myriopteris gracilis Fée, Gen, Fil. 150. 1850-52. Cheilanthes lanuginosa Nutt.; Hook. Sp. Fil. 2: 99. 1858. Cheilanthes gracilis Mett. Abh. Senck. Nat. Gesell. 8: 80. 1859-61, not Kaulf. Type Locauity: “Habitat ad rupes circa Hillsboro, in America septentr.” Rance: British Columbia to Illinois, south to Arizona and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1768, 1884. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CRYPTOGRAMMA. 1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. 367. 1823. Type Locaity: ‘In shady rocky woods, between lat. 56° and 60° north. (First found by Mr. Menzies at Nootka Sound.)”’ Rance; Alaska to the Great Lakes, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2807; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Flett, July, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg, August 1, 1893; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 660; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 781; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1209; Lake Chelan, Whited 1390; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 734; Davis Lake, Kreager, August, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 235; Cape Horn, Piper 5006, 4978. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. STRUTHIOPTERIS. 1. Struthiopteris spicant (L.) Weiss, Pl. Crypt. 287. 1770. DEER FERN. Osmunda spicant L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1066. 1753. Lomaria spicant Desv. Mag. Gesell. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 5: 325. 1811. Blechnum doodioides Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 263. 1840. Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europa.’’ Rance: Alaska to California, Europe. Asia. : SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2803; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 20, 1889; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 774; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. WOODWARDIA. 1. Woodwardia spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Mem. Acad. Brux. 155; 64, 1842, Woodwardia chamissoi Brack. in Wilkes Exped. 16: 138. 1854. Type Locatity: Near Mount Orizaba, Mexico. Rance: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steilacoom, Flett in 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, 80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ASPLENIUM. Sori curved; leaves flaccid, bipinnate, 0.5 to 1 m. long... ..-..------- 1. A. cyclosorum. Sori straight; leaves firm, 6 to 20 cm. long, simply pinnate. Rachis brown; leaf segments oval........------------------+--- 2. A. trichomanes. Rachis green; leaf segments ovate............----------------- 3. A. viride. 1. Asplenium trichomanes L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1080. 1753. SPLEEN WORT. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona, Texas, and Alabama. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie, Hind- shaw; East Seattle, Hindshaw; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1228; Cape Horn, Piper 4971; Quinault, Conard 220; Kirkland, Wittenmyer. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Asplenium viride Huds. Fl. Ang]. 385. 1762. Type Locauity: “Habitat in rupibus humidis in comitatibus Eboracensi et Westmor- Jandica,’’ England. Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1216; near Mount Baker, Fett. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Arctic. ATHYRIUM. 1. Athyrium cyclosorum Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 41. 1845. Type Loca.ity: “ Petropawlowsk! et Unalaschka! Kadiak!” Range: Alaska to Nebraska and California. Kamchatka. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Stehekin, Whited 1387: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 771; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian. This species has commonly been referred to A. filix-foemina (L.) Roth, from which it appears amply distinct. POLYSTICHUM. Leaves simply pinnate. Leaf-stalk short; segments triangular or broadly lance- Olate.. 2.22.22 2. ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee 1. P. lonchitis. Leaf-stalk long; segments linear-lanceolate. Leaves 60 to 90 cm. long, the segments not over- lapping ........------------- 2 eee ee ee ee ee eee 2. P. munitum. Leaves about 30 cm. long, the segments overlapping.. 2a. P. munitum imbricans. Leaves bipinnate or bipinnatifid. Sori few; leaves bipinnate at base............----.-.--- 3. P. lemmoni. Sori numerous; leaves bipinnatifid at base... .....------ 4. P. scopulinum. 1. Polystichum lonchitis (L.) Roth, Tent. FI. Germ. 3:71. 1800. HOu.y FERN. Polypodium lonchitis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1088. 1753. Aspidium lonchitis Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800*: 30. 1801. Type Locauity: “Habitat in alpinis Helvetiae, Baldi, Arvoniae, Monspelii, Virginiae.’”’ Rance: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and Wisconsin. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 5, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2056; mountains near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1220; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Bridge Creek, Elmer 659. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 81 2. Polysticnum munitum (Kaulf.) Presl, Tent. Pterid. 83. 1836. Aspidium munitum Kaulf. Enum. Fil. 236. 1824. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in California.’’ Collected by Chamisso. Rance: Alaska to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2808; Montesano, [eller 4035; Seattle, Piper, December, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 38; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2a. Polystichum munitum imbricans (D.C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 30. 1900. Aspidium munitum imbricans D. C. Eaton, Ferns N. Am. 1: 188. 1879. Tyre Locauity: ‘In Plumas County” and “at Red Mountain, Mendocino County,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, E/mer 2815; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Lake Chelan, Whited 1382; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 662; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 517; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan, German 641. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian. 8. Polystichum lemmoni Underw. Our Native Ferns. ed. 6. 116. 1900. Type Locauiry: ‘Near Mt. Shasta, California.” RanGE: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1114; Sandberg & Leiberg 812; Brandegee 1219. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 4. Polystichum scopulinum (D.C. Eaton) Maxon, Fern Bull. 8: 29. 1900. Aspidium aculeatum scopulinum D.C. Eaton, Ferns N. A. 2: 125. 1880. Tree Locauitry: “In the Upper Teton Cafion in Eastern Idaho.”’ Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1113; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1883; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 707; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2084; Eatonville, Fett. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Hudsonian. Flett’s Eatonville specimens were referred to P. californicum (D. C. Eaton) Underw., but that species is not known to occur in Washington. DRYOPTERIS. Veins simple or once forked; leaves glandular... ......-.-.----- 1. D. oreopteris. Veins freely forking. Indusia with marginal glands.........-.-.--------------- 2. D. spinulosa dilatata. Indusia without marginal glands...........-...-.-.---.-.. 3. D. filir-mas. 1. Dryopteris oreopteris (Sw.) Maxon, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 23: 638. 1901. Aspidium oreopteris Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800?: 35. 1800. Polypodium montanum Vogler, Dissert. Polyp. Mont. 1781, not Lam. 1778. Type Locauity: European. Rance: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 671. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Dryopteris spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 4: 116. 1893. Woop FERN. Polypodium dilatatum Hoffm. Deutsch. Fl. 2: 7. 1795. Aspidium spinulosum dilatatum Hook. Brit. Fl. 444. 1830. Tyre Loca.ity: Germany. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Montana, and Virginia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2804; Montesano, Heller 3919; Samish 29418—06 M 6 82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Lake, Suksdorf 1029; Lake Cushman, Henderson 1206; Tacoma, Flett 140, 141; Skoko- mish Valley, Kincaid, May 17, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 670; without locality Vasey 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Gen. Fil. 1834. MALE FERN. Polypodium filiz-mas L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1090. 1753. Asmdium filiz-mas Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18007: 38. 1801. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae sylvis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Nova Scotia. Europe. Asia, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1230. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. FILIX. 1. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. Our Native Ferns ed. 6. 119. 1900. BLADDER FERN. Polypodium fragile L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1091. 1753. Cystopteris fragilis Bernh. Schrad. Neu. Journ. Bot. 1°: 27. 1806. Type LOCALITY: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Kansas, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Hlmer 2812; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 12, 1889, 2106; upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1219; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 351; We- nache Mountains, Whited 1075; Waitsburg, Horner 260; without locality, Vasey 49; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. WOODSIA. Leaves viscid-puberulent; lobes of the indusium broader at base... -..- - 1. W. scopulina. Leaves glabrous or nearly so; lobes of the indusium hair-like. .....-.--- 2. W. oregana. 1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865. Type Locatity: ‘Rocky Mountains near 40° north latitude, Parry, Hall and Harbour; Columbia River, Brackenridge; Frazer River, near 49° north latitude, Mrs. John Miles.” Rance: Alaska to Ontario, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg foothills, Elmer 418; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Wenache River, Brandegee 1224; Rainbow Falls, Whited 1407; Stehekin, Whited 1391; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Spokane, Dewart; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4975. ' ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mostly arid. 2. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II. 2: 90. 1865. Woodsia obtusa lyallii Hook. Syn. Fil. 48, 1868. TYPE LOCALITY: “‘ Dalles of the Columbia River, Major Raines; Rocky Mountains near 40° north latitude, Hall and Harbour.” Rance: British Columbia to the Great Lakes, south to California, Arizona, and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877, Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 422; Coulee City, Piper 3850; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1734; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis Ranch, Kreager 218; near Spokane, Kreager 171; Coulee City, Piper 3850; Republic, Beattie & Chapman 2258. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 83 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Sterile portion of leaf simple, entire; veins netted.................-.--- OPHIOGLOSSUM. Sterile portion of leaf pinnately divided or compound; veins free... .... - BorrycHiuM. OPHIOGLOSSUM. 1. Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753. ADDER’S TONGUE. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae pratis sylvaticis.”’ Rance: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Maine. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Skamania County, Suksdorf, June 26, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1218. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. BOTRYCHIUM. Grape FERN. Bud in a cavity at one side of the base of the stem; leaves thin, ternate, then pinnately much divided. ...............-.-.-.-.------------ 1. B. virginianum., Bud inclosed in the base of the stalk. Sterile portion of leaf arising near the base of the rather large plant. 2. B silaifolium. Sterile portion of leaf arising near the middle of the usually small plant. Green part of leaf oblong, its segments fan-shaped. Segments truncate at base, overlapping -.........-..--- 3. B. lunaria. Segments cuneate at base, distant ..........-.-2-.----- 4. B. onondagense. Green part of leaf triangular or ovate, the segments not fan- shaped. Segments lanceolate, acute; midvein continuous. ...-.-- - 5. B. lanceolatum. Segments oblong-ovate, obtuse; midvein dissipated... -- 6. B. neglectum. 1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ, Bot. 18007: 111. 1801. Osmunda virginiana L. Sp. Pi. 2: 1064. 1753. Tyrpr Locauity: “ Habitat ini America.” Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Arizona, Texas, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 906. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Botrychium silaifolium Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 76, 1825. Botrychium occidentale Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25: 538. 1898. Type Locauity: “Hab. in Nootka-Sound.” Rance: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, [Henderson 1852; Seattle, Tarleton, July, 1894; Piper, October, 1892; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 639; Usk, Kreager 360; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species appears in Suksdort’s List as Botrychium ternatum Swartz. 3. Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. Schrad. Journ. Bot. 18007: 110. 1801. Osmunda lunaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1064. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. RanGE: Washington to Colorado and Labrador and northward. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith, October, 1888; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 11, 1886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The Mount Adams specimen is the basis for the inclusion of Botrychium simplex Hitch- cock in Suksdorf’s List. 84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Botrychium onondagense Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 30: 47. 1903. Type Loca.ity: Near Split Rock, Syracuse, New York. Rance: Washington, Montana, Michigan, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains at foot of Mount Steele, Piper 928. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Doubtful. 5. Botrychium lanceolatum (5S. G. Gmel.) Angs. Bot. Notiser 1854: 68. 1854. Osmunda lanceolata S. G. Gmel. Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Petrop. 12: 516. 1768. TYPE LocaLity: European. Rance: Washington to Colorado, Pennsylvania, and northward. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Foot of Mount Rainier, Allen, August 2, 1899. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Canadian. 6. Botrychium neglectum Wood, Classbook Bot. 635, 1847. TyPE Locaity: ‘‘Growing in woods, Meriden, N. H.” Rance. Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, South Dakota, and Maryland. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1220. MARSILEACEAE. MARSILEA. 1. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. pl. 159. 1882. Type Locauity “Ad flumaen Columbiam, ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis.’ ance: British Columbia to Kansas and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 227; opposite mouth of Wenache River, Watson 470; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 119; Columbia River Valley, Brandegee 1225; Wenache, Whited 1426; Pasco, Hindshaw 35; Lake Chelan, Lake d& Hull 657; Pull- man, Piper 1736; Henderson 2431; Almotia, Piper, September 9, 1896; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1347. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. , SALVINIACEAE. AZOLLA. 1. Azolla caroliniana Willd. Sp. Pl. 5: 541. 1810. Type vocaity: ‘Hab. in aquis Carolinae.’’ RanGeE: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Florida and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1216. ZONAL DISTRIBU7ION: Upper Sonoran. EQUISETACEAE. EQUISETUM. MHokrserat.. Stems evergreen, perennial; spike tipped with a rigid point. Plant tall and stout; stems many-grooved, 0.5 to 2 meters high. Stems rough-tuberculate, dark green......... 2.22.2... ----- 1. E. hyemale. Stems smooth, pale............2..2-.22-.--- Slee eee eee 2. E. laevigatum. Plants tufted, slender; stems 5 to 10-grooved. Sheaths 5 to 10-toothed; stems hollow... -...-...-.---.-.--- 3. EF. variegatum. Sheaths 3-toothed; stems solid_-.........-.-.-.------------- 4. EF. scirpoides. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 85 Stems annual; spikes not mucronate. Fertile stems pale-brown, short-lived; sterile with many branches. Stems slender, 6 to 10-furrowed...............-.-.---.----.! 5. BE. arvense. Stems stout, 20 to 40-furrowed..............--------------- 6. EF. telmateia. Fertile stems green like the sterile, naked or branched. Stems obscurely ridged; sheaths appressed. ...............-. 7.£. fluviatile. Stems acutely ridged; sheaths loose... 2... 2.2..22222-..-- 8. FE. palustre. 1. Equisetum hyemale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753. SCOURING RUSH. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae sylvis, asperis, uliginosis.”’ \ Range: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1248, 2161, 2162; Wenache, Whited, May 17, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner, February 1, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 294, July 2, 1896; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian. Mr. A. A. Eaton considers that this variable species consists of several definable sub- species. Ours are thus classified: Ridges with 2 rows of tubercles... ..-.-.....-.-2-.- hyemale californicum Milde. Ridges with bands of silex. Sheaths loose; stems stout... .........2.-2.-.-.- hyemale intermedium A. A. Eaton. Sheaths close; stems with fertile branches... ._.. - hyemale suksdorfii A. A. Eaton. The first subspecies has commonly been referred to £. robustum A. Br. 2. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Am. Jour. Sci. 46: 87. 1844. Tyre Locauity: ‘On the banks of the river, below St. Louis,’’ Missouri. Rance: British Columbia to New York, south to California, Texas, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2135; North Yakima, Hen- derson 2263 and May 26, 1892; White Salmon, Suksdorf 317; without locality, Vasey, 1889; Old Fort Colville, Watson 472; Pullman, Piper 1733 and June 20, 1893; Kiona, Cotton 735. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. Cat. Pl. Helvet. 27. 1807. TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland. Rance: Arctic America, south to Nevada and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2099. 4. Equisetum scirpoides Michx. Fl]. 2: 281. 1803. TypE Locaity: ‘Hab. in vetustis sylvis Canadae.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Illinois, and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Areager 389; Ione, Kreager 405. 5. Equisetum arvense L. Sp. P|. 2: 1061. 1753. Equisetum saxicola Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901. Type Locatity; “Habitat in Europae agris, pratis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California and New England. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Everett, Piper, July, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2163; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1238; Pullman, Piper, May 15, 1893; Elmer 210, May, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mainly. 6. Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. Hannov. Mag. 138. 1783. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: British Columbia to California. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; March, 1892; upper Valley Nis- qually, Allen 175; Wenache, Whited 19, May 17, 1895; near Bingen, Suksdorf 1237; White Salmon, Suksdorf 315. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Equisetum fluviatile L. Sp. Pl. 1: 1062. 1753. Equisetum limosum L. loc. cit. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa ad ripas lacuum, fluviorum.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Virginia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1203 and June 12, 1897; Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895; Henderson 1190; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2164 and August 17, 1892; Seat- tle, Piper, July 10, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. One of Suksdorf’s specimens was distributed and included in his list as E. dittorale Kihle. 8. Equisetum palustre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae aquosis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington and New York. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 46. LYCOPODIACEAE. LYCOPODIUM. CLuBMoss. Sporangia in the axils of ordinary leaves. Sporangial leaves forming a terminal spike. .........--.------- 1. L. inundatum. Sporangial leaves subterminal, the terminal leaves sterile. Stems rigid; leaves all alike, ascending.........-..--.---.. 2. L. selago. Stems not rigid; leaves spreading, of two sorts, long and short. 3. LZ. lucidulum. Sporengia in the axils of modified leaves crowded in spikes. Stems leafy up to the spikes or nearly so. Leaves 6 to 8-ranked, spreading... . -. cece eee eee eee eee 4. L. annotiunm. Leaves 5-ranked, appressed... ......-.-.----------------- 5. L. sitchense. Stems of the fruiting branches nearly naked. Leaves all alike; stems cylindric. .............--.-------- 6. L. eavatum. Leaves of two forms; stems flattened. .........-.--------- 7. L. complanatum. 1. Lycopodium inundatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1102. 1753. TYPE LocaLitTy: Kuropean. Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south in the Alleghanies to Georgia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chambers Lake near Olympia, Henderson 2048; Spanaway Lake, Flett. 2. Lycopodium selago L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1102. 1753. ° Type LocaLity: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and Carolina. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2232; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1390; Mount Baker, Flett 162; Snoqualmie Falls, Parker, August, 1892; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Bridge Creek, Elmer 686. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. Fl. 2: 284. 1803. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. a Canada ad Carolinam Montosam.” Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Iowa, and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skykomish River, Wittenmyer; Stevens Pass, Sandberg d& Leiberg 777; Mount Baldy, Conard 276. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 87 4. Lycopodium annotinum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1103. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. RanGeE: Labrador to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2110; Big Meadows, Kreager 412. ZONAL’ DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. Lycopodium sitchense Rupr. Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reich. 3: 30. 1845. TYPE LocALity: Sitka. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Oregon and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2527; Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1398; Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper 2098; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 779; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species has commonly, but erroneously, been referred to L. alpinum L. 6. Lycopodium clavatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1101. 1753. TYPE LocaLiTy: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Michigan, and North Carolina. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2454; Port Ludlow, Binns, August 15, 1890; Silverton, Bouck 214; Mashel River, Piper 2105; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1030; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 728; without locality, Vasey 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 7. Lycopodium complanatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1104. 1753. Tyre cocauity: “Habitat in Europae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis acerosis.’’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, the Great Lakes, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Keechelus, Piper, 1887; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2535; Big Meadows, Kreager, August, 1902; Box Canyon, Kreager 399. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? SELAGINELLACEAE. SELAGINELLA. Leaves of two sorts, the lateral ones much larger.......-...----------- 1. 8. douglasii. Leaves all alike. Stem flaccid, often very long; leaves not bristle-tipped .........- 2. 8. struthioloides. Stems rigid; leaves bristle-tipped. Leaves much crowded; stems 5 to 10 em. long.............. 3. 8. densa. Leaves less crowded; stems 10 to 30 cm. long............... 4. 8. rupestris. 1. Selaginella douglasii (Hook.) Spring, Monog. 2: 92. 1841. Lycopodium douglasti Hook. & Grev. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 268. 1840. Lycopodium ovalifolium Hook. & Grey. Ic. Fil. t. 177. 1831, not Desv. 1823. Type Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in oris occidentalibus Americae septentrionalis.”” Collected by Douglas. RanaE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Joseph Howell 35; Piper 4965. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Selaginella struthioloides (Presl) Underw. Bull. Torr. Club 25 : 132. 1898. Lycopodium struthioloides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 82. 1830. Selaginella oregana D, C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 350. 1880. Type Locairy: ‘Hab. in Nootka-Sund.” 8&8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Near the seacoast, British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Southbend, Piper in 1900; Laban, Piper 3820; Quinault, Conard 174. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Selaginella densa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 7. 1900. Type Locauity: “Little Rocky Mountains,’ Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper, May 26, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring; Mart. Fl. Bras. 12: 118. 1840. Lycopodium rupestre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1101. 1753. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Virginia, Canada, Siberia.”’ Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lillewaup, Piper, September, 1890; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 66; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall 1376; Cape Horn, Piper 4964. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. In a recent paper by Hieronymus a large number of new species allied to Selaginella rupestris are proposed. Three of these are from Washington and Oregon, namely: Selaginella hayden. Hieronymus, Hedwigia 39: 296. 1904. Selaginella wallacei Hieronymus, op. cit. 305. Selaginella sartorii oregonensis Hieronymus, op. cit. 305. The type of the last is one of the Lyall specimens above cited. ISOETACEAE. ISOETES. Quitiworr. Plants of shallow water or muddy places; leaves with stomata. Stems 3-lobed; leaves setaceous. Velum incomplete; megaspores spinulose............ 1. 1. minima. Velum complete; megaspores warty...........--.-- 2. 1. nuttallir. Stems 2-lobed; leaves not setaceous .............-2-- ..- 38.1. howellit. Plants aquatic, often in deep water; stems bilobed. Stomata absent. Megaspores marked with irregular ridges... .._..... - 4. I. paupercula. Megaspores with low distinct warts...........-.-.-- 5. I. piperi. Stomata present. Leaves erect; megaspores tuberculate......... 22... - 7. I. bolanderi. Leaves recurved. Megaspores spinulose; microspores smooth... . . 6a. I. echinospora braunii. Megaspores tuberculate; microspores spinulose .. 6b. [.echinospora flettii. 1. Isoetes minima A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 6: 30. 1898. TyPE Locatity: Near Waverly, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waverly, Suksdorf. 2. Isoetes nuttallii A. Br.; Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 215. 1874. Tsoetes suksdorfii Baker, Handbook Fern Allies 132. 1887. Type Locatity: ‘On the Columbia.’ Collected by Nuttall. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 917. 3. Isoetes howellii Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 385. 1882. Tsoetes nuda Engelm. 1. ¢. Isoetes underwoodii Henderson, Bot. Gaz. 23: 124. 1897. Type Locatity: “On the borders of ponds at The Dalles of the Columbia, Oregon.” Col- lected by Howell. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 89 Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cusick, Stevens County, Piper 4209; Lake Kalispel, Areager 335. 4. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 23: 649. 1901. Isoetes lacustris paupercula Engelm, Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 377. 1882. Isoetes occidentalis Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900. Type Locauiry: Grand Lake, Middle Park, Colorado. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman. 5. Isoetes piperi A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 13: 51. 1905. Type Locauiry: “Green Lake, near Seattle, Washington.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 2317. 6a. Isoetes echinospora braunii (Durieu) Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 676. 1867. Isoetes braunii Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 11: 101. 1864. Type Locauiry: Not ascertained. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Elmer, August, 1897; Ponds, Mount Rainier, Piper 131; Bitter Lake, Piper in 1890. 6b. Isoetes echinospora flettii A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 18: 51. 1905. Type Locauity: ‘Spanaway Lake,” Pierce County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spanaway Lake, Piper 2125; Flett 949, 7. Isoetes bolanderi Engelm. Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874. Type Locauity: Tuolumne, California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2375; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2370, Yakima region, Brandegee. TAXACEAE. Yrw I amity. TAXUS. 1. Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Sylva 3: 86. pl. 108, 1849. WESTERN YEW. Type Loca.ity: ‘In the dense maritime forests of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia, south to Tulare County, Cal., eastward to Montana and the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Arbutus Point, Henderson, July, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 204; Port Ludlow, Binns, Septem- ber 5, 1890; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 699; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896; without locality, Vasey 57; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2486. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. The western yew is by no means an abundant tree, occurring only scattered through rich, moist woods. It is, perhaps, most plentiful on the Olympic peninsula. The largest individuals reach a height of perhaps 12 meters and a diameter of 75 cm. In Hooker’s Flora this species was referred to the European T'axus baccata L., to which it is closely allied. PINACEAE. PIneE Famity. Seales of the fruit few, opposite; leaf-buds naked. Fruit fleshy and berry-like ....-.---.-.--:-------------- JUNIPERUS (p. 90). Fruit a dry cone. Scales of the cone shield-shaped......--------------- CHAMAECYPARIS (p. 91). Scales of the cone oblong, not peltate.........------- Tuusa (p. 91). 90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Scales of the fruit numerous, alternate; leaf-buds scaly. Leaves in clusters. Clusters ensheathed at base, containing 2, 3, or 5leaves... Pinus (p. 91). Clusters not ensheathed at base, containing many leaves. Larix (p. 92). Leaves solitary. Cones erect; scales deciduous .....-.....-.....-.-.--- ABIES (p. 93). Cones pendent; scales persistent. Branchlets smooth; bracts 3-toothed.....-.-.-.--- PsEupoTsuGa (p. 94). - Branchlets roughened by the persistent leaf-bases. Leaves petioled, not pungent .....-.......... Tsua@a (p. 94). Leaves sessile, pungent-pointed ..........---- PicEa (p. 95). JUNIPERUS. Prostrate alpine shrub; leaves all subulate...... 2.2. ....2...2.. 1. J. communis. Erect shrubs or trees; leaves of two forms. Leaves very resinous, dark green................-.-.-.4-- 2. J. oceidentalis. Leaves not resinous, often glaucous............-.-.-.----- 3. J. scopulorum. 1. Juniperus communis sibirica (Burgsd.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 533. 1896. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Anleit. Holz. no. 272. 1787. Juniperus communis alpina Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 276. 1812. Juniperus communis montana Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 414. 1788. TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia. Rance: Arctic regions, south in the mountains to California, Colorado, and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2487; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 768; Mount Rainier, Piper 2099; Loomis, Elmer 600; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic or rarely lower. Common in the mountains at from 900 to 2,100 meters elevation. Hooker refers Tolmie’s Mount Rainier specimens to J. communis L., but they belong to the above subspecies. 2. Juniperus occidentalis Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 166. 1839. WESTERN JUNIPER. Type Locauity: ‘‘Common on the higher parts of the Columbia, at the base of the Rocky Mountains, where it attains a height of 60-80 feet, and a diameter of 2-3 feet.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Eltopia, Cotton 1022 in 1903. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This is the only known station for the western juniper north of Oregon. The exact place is locally known as Ryegrass Coulee or Juniper Canyon, some 30 miles southwest of Kahlo- tus and near Fishhook Ferry on Snake River. The junipers occur in scattering groves on the floor of the coulee, the largest groves being about 100 acres in extent. None of the trees are over 7 meters high. 3. Juniperus scopulorum Sargent, Gard. & For. 10: 420. 1897. Rocky MountTAiN JUNIPER. TYPE LOCALITY: Wyoming, Montana, and Colorado. Rance: Vancouver Island eastward to Montana and south in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona; also in the Black Hills. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Sucia Island, Randolph, October, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1001; Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; near Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 631; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Piper, September, 1896; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 471; without locality, Vasey 58; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2488; Ione, Kreager 407; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2116; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1359; Everett, Piper. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 91 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mostly Arid Transition, but also Upper Sonoran. It also reap- pears in the Humid Transition in northwest Washington. There is some doubt as to whether the form found in western Washington is identical with that of the interior. Better and more copious material is needed to determine the point definitely. CHAMAECYPARIS. 1. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842. ALASKA CEDAR. YELLOW CEDAR. Cupressus nootkatensis Lambert, Gen. Pinus 2: 18. 1824. Chamaecyparis nutkaensis Spach, Hist. Veg. 11: 333. 1842. Tyres Locatiry: Nootka Sound. Rance: Alaska south to Mount Jefferson, Oregon, mainly in the Cascade and Coast Mountains; perhaps in north Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Henderson 2047; Elmer 2481; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 854; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 632; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 796; Mount Rainier, Piper 2103; Allen 207; Goat Mountains, Allen 207a. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. THUJA. 1. Thuja plicata Donn, Hort. Cantab. ed. 6.249. 1811. GIANT CEDAR. Thuja gigantea Nutt. Journ. Phila. Acad. 7: 52. 1834. Typr Lrocatity: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies. Ranoe: Southern Alaska to northern California, eastward to Montana, and south to the Salmon River, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 599; Olympia, Henderson, April, 1892; Port Lud- low, Binns, September 9, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 304; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 495; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 637; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 483; Colville, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 63; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2484; Stehekin, Whited 1407. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition mainly. For illustration of a giant cedar forest see frontispiece. PINUS. Leaves 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones unarmed. Cones oblong-cylindric, 10 to 30 cm. long....-.---.-------------- 1. P. monticola. Cones ovate or globose, 4 to 8 cm. long.....--------------------- 2. P. albicaulis. Leaves less than 5 in each fascicle; scales of the cones armed. Fascicles containing 3 leaves; cones large. .....------------------ 3. P. ponderosa. Fascicles containing 2 leaves; cones small......----------+-+-+---- ‘4. P. contorta. 1. Pinus monticola Dougl. in Lambert, Desc. Gen. Pinus ed, 2, 3: 27. t. 87. 1837, WESTERN WHITE PINE. Tyre LocaLity: Not ascertained. Rance: Southern British Columbia, south to central California, eastward to western Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2485; Port Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Horseshoe Basin, Okanogan County, Elmer 862; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 315; without locality, Vasey 51. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian. In Hooker’s Flora our species was mistaken for its eastern relative P. strobus. 2. Pinus albicaulis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 209. 1868. | WHITE-BARK PINE. Pinus cembroides Zuce. err. det. Newberry, Pac. R. R. Rep. 6: 44. 1857. 92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Loca.ity: Cascade Mountains, Oregon, about latitude 44°. Collected by Newberry. Rance: British Columbia, south in the Cascades and Sierras to San Bernardino County, California, eastward to western Montana and to the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2095; Smith 1089; Mount Adams, Hender- son, August 9, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. In Lyall’s report this pine is erroneously referred to as P. flerilis James. 3. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; Lawson, Man. Agr. 354.1836. YELLOW PINE. BULL PINE. TYPE LocaLity: Washington, on the Spokane River. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to South Dakota, southward to Texas and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1351, 1356; Steamboat Rock, Grand Coulee, McKay 19. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, but occasional in the Upper Sonoran. This is the common forest tree of eastern Washington. West of the Cascade Mountains it occurs locally on the gravelly prairies, as near Hillhurst. For illustrations of yellow- pine forests see Plates XIV and XV, facing pages 49 and 50. 4. Pinus contorta Doug].; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. #2210, 2211. 1838. SHORE PINE. LODGEPOLE PINE, Pinus murrayana Balf. in Murray, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon ¢. 3. f. 2. 1853. Pinus contorta hendersoni Lemmon, Erythea 2: 176. 1894. Pinus tenuis Lemmon, Erythea 6: 77. 1898. Type Loca.ity: ‘In North-West America, in swampy ground near the sea coast; and ‘ abundantly near Cape Disappointment and Cape Lookout.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Heller 3946; Mount Rainier, Allen 308; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September 28, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 474; Whited 1356; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 29, 1896, and 1259; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transitional to Canadian. This pine is very variable and by some botanists considered to consist of two species. The typical P. contorta of Douglas is the scrubby tree so common along the ocean coast near the shore. Away from the coast it occurs either in sterile gravelly soil or in sphagnum bogs. It is usually a small tree, but occasional examples are met 90 cm. in diameter and 30 meters or more high. East of the Cascade Mountains it forms the ‘lodgepole pine,’ Pinus murrayana of some botanists. This ordinarily forms dense forests, often of considerable area, in nearly pure growth, the trees being very uniform in size, 20 or 25 em. in diameter and 18 to 22 meters high. But occasional specimens are found 90 cm. in diameter and 45 meters high. If there are any characters by which contorta and murrayana may be distinguished botan- ically, they remain to be pointed out. None of the slight differences heretofore relied upon are at all constant. Some of the earlier botanical writers referred to our tree erroneously as Pinus inops Sol. or Pinus banksiana Lamb. LARIX. Alpine tree; branchlets and bud scales woolly .............-.-.------ 1. L. lyallii. Subalpine tree; branchlets and bud scales glabrous..........-.-.-.--- 2. L. occidentalis. 1. Larix lyallii Parl. Enum. Sem. Hort. Reg. Mus. Flor. 259. 1863. WOOLLY LARCH. Type Locauity: “Cascade Mountains et Galton Ranges Rocky Mountains, latitudinis 49° ad 2100 et 2300 m.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: Mountains of British Columbia, south to Mount Hood, Oregon, and to the Lolo Pass, Idaho. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 93 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee, July, 1883; Cascade Mountains, lati- tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1352. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. One of our rarest conifers, most plentiful on the Wenache Mountains and northward. 2. Larix occidentalis Nutt. Sylva 3: 143. ¢. 120. 1849. WESTERN LARCH. Typr Locauity: “In the coves of the Rocky Mountains on the western slope toward the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall. RANGE: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia and Washington eastward to Montana and south to the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 10, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 212; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, E7mer 812. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian. ABIES. Cones with conspicuous reflexed bracts. .......-.-.-.-------------+--+-- 1. A. nobilis. Cones with the bracts concealed. - Leaves notched at apex, usually spreading horizontally on the branches; cones green.......--.-----------------+-+--------- 4. A. grandis. Leaves not notched at apex, mostly acute, not horizontally spread- ing; cones purple. . Alpine tree; cones puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long.......--------- 2. A. lasiocarpa. Subalpine tree; cones not puberulent, 7 to 10 cm. long.....---- 3. A. amabilis. 1. Abies nobilis Lindl. Penn. Cyel. 1: 30. 1833. NOBLE FIR. Tyree Ltocauity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades of the Columbia. Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 314; Piper in 1889; Mount Baker, John- son; Soleduck River, Olympic Mountains, Sargent. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian. 2. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Sylva 3: 138. 1849 ALPINE FIR. Pinus lasiocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 163. 1842. Abies subalpina Engelm. Am. Nat. 10: 555. 1876. Tyre Locauity: ‘Interior of N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Cascade Mountains, lati- tude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountains, Allen 312; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2101. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The Olympic Mountains form of this species often has exserted bracts to the cones. The form on the Blue Mountains has much larger cones than that occurring on Mount Rainier. For illustrations of this species see Plate XVII, facing page 60. 3. Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes, Pinetum Wob. 125, t. 44. 1889. AMABILIS FIR. Picea amabilis Dougl.; Loudon, Arb. Frut. 4: 2342. 1838. Tyre Locatity: Collected by Douglas on high mountains, Oregon, near the Cascades of the Columbia. Rance: British Columbia, south in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; also in the Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Mount Rainier, Allen 313; Piper in 1888. 94. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. Mr. Suksdorf informs me that the Abies magnifica Murr.? of his list is probably only A, amabilis. 4. Abies grandis Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 30. 1833. WHITE FIR. Type Locairy: Not ascertained. Rance: British Columbia south to northern California, eastward to Montana and the Blue Mountains, Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 3, 1890; Tacoma, Fett, April 20, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 311; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, July, 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. The tree recorded from near Mount Rainier by Plummer as Abies concolor (Gord.) Parry is probably an erroneous identification of a form of A. grandis. PSEUDOTSUGA. 1. Pseudotsuga mucronata ( Raf.) Sudw. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895. Rep Fir. DOUGLAS SPRUCE. Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832. Abies douglas Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833. Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. éd. 256. 1867. Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 8: 74. 1889. Type LocaLity: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon. Rance: Alaska and British America, latitude 55°, south to southern California, Arizona, and western Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2480; Nisqually Valley, Allen 209; head of Grand Coulee, McKay 23; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 811. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Humid Transition. The commonest tree of the State, making up the bulk of the forest west of the Cascade Mountains and common in eastern Washington in the upper part of the yellow pine zone. For illustration of a red fir forest see Plate VII, facing page 36. TSUGA. Lowland tree; cones 1 to 2 cm. long ..........-..----.-.-22.-22----- 1. T. heterophylla. Alpine tree; cones 5 to 7 cm. long ...........-.2....2222.-2------- 2. T. mertensiana. 1. Tsuga heterophylla ( Raf.) Sarg. Silva N. A. 12: 73. 1898. WESTERN HEMLOCK. Abies heterophylla Raf. Atl. Journ. 119. 1832. TYPE LocaLity: Mouth of the Columbia River, Oregon. Rance: Alaska to northern California and western Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2482; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 710; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, September, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 305; Yakima Pass, Watson 384; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 26, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. In Cooper’s report and other early botanical works this hemlock was referred to the eastern 7’. canadensis. For illustration of a hemlock forest see Plate XVI, facing page 58. 2. Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. éd. 250. 1867. BLacK HEMLOCK. Pinus mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 45. 1832. Abies pattoniana Jeffrey, Rep. Bot. Exp. Oregon. 1853. Tsuga pattoniana Engelm. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 121. 1880. Tsuga hookeriana Carr. Trait. Conif. nouv. éd. 252. 1867. TYPE Loca.ity: Sitka. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 95 Rance: Alaska to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Elmer 2483; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Allen 306; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 871, September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. . PICEA. Leaves flattened; sea-coast tree.......2-2....-0-22.-222-2-2------- 1. P. sitchensis. Leaves quadrangular; subalpine tree .........-.-.-.-.-------------- 2. P. engelmanni. 1. Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Traut. & Meyer, I'l. Ochot. 87. 1856. SITKA SPRUCE. Pinus sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 164. 1832. Abies menziesii Lindl. Penn. Cycl. 1: 32. 1833. TYPE Loca.ity: Sitka. Range: Along the coast from Alaska to northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2489; Hoquiam, Lamb 1075; Seattle, Piper in 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. A very abundant tree along the ocean coast, but only locally plentiful on Puget Sound. 2. Picea engelmanni Parry in Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 212. 1863. ENGELMANN SPRUCE. Picea columbiana Lemmon, Gard. & For. 10: 183. 1897. Type Loca.ity: ‘Higher parts of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico to the head- waters of the Columbia and Missouri rivers.’’ Rance: British Columbia, southward to Arizona in the Rocky Mountains, and in the Cascade Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 473; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 31, 1896; east side Cascade Mountains, Lyall; without locality, Vasey 64. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Canadian. The Klickitat County specimens considered by Suksdorf to represent Picea pungens Engelm. and so listed seem rather to be P. engelmannt. TYPHACEAE. TYPHA. 1. Typha latifolia. L. Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753. CATTAIL. Type Locatity: ‘“ Habitat in paludibus Europae.”’ ; Rance: Throughout the northern hemisphere except the Arctic regions. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1007; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 627; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 532; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 226; Prosser, Cotton 740. ; ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. The cattail is éxceedingly common about lakes and marshes in western Washington and scarcely less so in eastern Washington. Botanical specimens of it are, however, seldom gathered. SPARGANIACEAE. SPARGANIUM. Bur ReEeEp. Inflorescence branching. Fruits stalked ............-.-2...-2-22---.-2-.-.---.--------- 1. S. eurycarpum. Fruits sessile ..........2222-.2.-2-.--.-2------------------- 2. S. androcladum. 96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Inflorescence simple. Stems erect ...........-.---.---------------- +--+ +--+ --- 3. S. simplex. Stems floating. Nutlets fusiform, dark, 4 mm. lonz .......-2....-.-.----- 4. S. angustifolium. Nutlets oblong, obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long -........-...-.. 5. S. minimum. 1. Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 430. 1856. Tyre Locauity: “ Borders of ponds, etc., common northward and especially westward.” Ranae: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California, Utah, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalispel Lake, Kreager 488, a doubtful specimen. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 78. 1888. Sparganium simplex androcladum Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5, 481. 1867. Type Locatity: “From New England southward and especially westward.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3865; Seattle, Piper 713;Tacoma, Flett 151; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 630; Touchet River, Horner 20. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species was referred to in Cooper’s Report as S. ramosum Smith. 3. Sparganium simplex Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 401. 1778. Type Loca.ity: “Circa Norwich,’ England. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 712; Pe- shastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 600; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. Fl. 2: 189. 1803. Sparganium simplex angustifolium Engelm. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 481. 1867. Tyre Locauity: “ Hab. in amnibus Canadac.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California, east to Ontario and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Sparganium minimum Fries, Sum. Veg. 2: 560. 1846. TyPE LOCALITY: Scandinavian. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon, Utah, and Pennsylvania. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 518; Spokane Falls, Watson 399; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. POTAMOGETONACEAE. POTAMOGETON. PonpweEEb. Floating leaves broad; stipules free. Submerged leaves grass-like. Stipules long; floating leaves subcordate at base......-.-.- 1. P. natans. Stipules short; floating leaves attenuate at base........... 2. P. nuttallii. Submerged leaves lanceolate. Floating leaves 30 to 50-nerved........-.-.----...------ 3. P. amplifolius. Floating leaves 10 to 20-nerved. Petioles' of floating leaves short.....-.---.--..------- 4. P. alpinus. Petioles of floating leaves long. Stipules obtuse.......-.-.-.------------------- 5. P. heterophyllus. Stipules acuminate............-.--------------- 6. P. lonchites. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 97 Floating leaves none. Leaves all oblong or lanceolate. Base of leaves clasping; apex acuminate..........-.-.---- 7. P. perfoliatus. Base of leaves not clasping; apex not acuminate. Leaves obtuse, cucullate, sessile.. 2.2222. 2222-2--2--- 8. P. praelongus. Leaves acute, short-petioled._............-...--..--- 9. P. lucens. Leaves all narrowly linear. Stipules adnate to the sheathing base of the leaf. Leaves setaceous, | to 5-nerved.... 22222-22222... - 13. P. pectinatus. Leaves linear-lanceolate, many-nerved................ 14. P. robbinsii. Stipules free. : Leaves tape-like; spike cylindric; fruit large.......... 10. P. zosteraefolius. Leaves not tape-like; spike not cylindric; fruit small. Spike capitate; peduncles very short.......-.-.-- 11. P. californicus. Spike interrupted; peduncles long. ....--.------- 12. P. pusillus. 1. Potamogeton natans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European, Rance: North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Oyhut, Lamb 1259; Tacoma, Flett 135; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. 2. Potamogeton nuttallii Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 226. ¢. 6. f. 25. 1827. Potamogeton claytoniz Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. 14: 38. 1843. Type Loca.ity: None given. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia and South Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4072; Ilwaco, Henderson in 1886; Lake Wash- ington, Piper, September, 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2477; Spokane County, Henderson 2476; Waitsburg, Horner R16. 3. Potamogeton amplifolius Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. IT. 6: 225, 1848, TYPE LocaLity: Cambridge, Massachusetts. Rance: British Columbia to Ontario, south to Washington and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 421; Pullman, Henderson 2474; Kalispel Lake, Areager 441; Whatcom County, Suksdorf, August 1, 1890. 4. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis, Mem. Acad. Turin 7: 323. 1803. Potamogeton rufescens Schrad.; Cham. Ad. FI. Ber. 5, 1815. TYPE LOCALITY: European. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1879; Trout Creek, Suks- dorf 2172. 5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. Spicileg. Fl. Lips. 21. 1771. Tyee Loca.ity: ‘‘In stagno ad Lindenthal,” Germany. Rance: Throughout most of North America. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 614; Okanogan River, Watson 396; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 524; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf, August, 1885. 6. Potamogeton lonchites Tuck. Am. Journ. Sci. 11. 6: 226. 1848. Type Locauity: “Common in New England and extending southward to Virginia.” Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2798; Silver Lake, Henderson 2475; Okanogan River, Watson 398; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Whitman County, Hen. derson 2473; Union Flat, Paper, August 4, 1899, without locality, Vasey in 1889. 29418—06 m——7 98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Potamogeton perfoliatus richardsonii Bennett, Journ. Bot. 27: 25. 1889. Potamogeton perfoliatus lanceolatus Robbins in Gray, Man. ed. 5. 488. 1867, not P. lanceo- latus Smith, 1824-28, Type cocauity: ‘Along the Great Lakes.” Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, August, 1892; Whatcom River, Gard- ner 419; Lake Chelan, Dr. T. E. Wilcox in 1883; Fort Colville, Rocky Mountains, Lyall in 1861; Lake Chelan, Gorman 677; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 809. The specimen upon which the “ P. crispus L. ?”’ of Suksdorf’s list is based proves to be a sterile specimen of the above from Lake Washington. 8. Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. Roem. Arch. IIT. 3:331. 1803. Type Locauity: “Laboci Junio Julique in fluvio cognomine, et in fluvio Jschiza.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 2160. 9. Potamogeton lucens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 126. 1753. Type Locaity: ‘Hab. in Europae lacubus, stagnis, fluviis argillosis.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman 703. 10. Potamogeton zosteraefolius Schum. Enum. PI. Saell. 50. 1801. TYPE LOCALITY: Saellandia. Rance: Oregon and British Columbia to New Jersey and New Brunswick. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf, August 1, 1890. 11. Potamogeton californicus (Morong). Potamogeton pauciflorus californicus Morong, Bot. Gaz. 10: 254. 1885. TYPE LOCALITY: San Diego County, California. RanaceE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1802. 12. Potamogeton pusillus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753. TYPE LocALity: Europe. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Texas, and Virginia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 761; Okanogan River, Watson 395. 13. Potamogeton pectinatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753. Potamogeton columbianus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2062: White Salmon, Suksdorf 221; Okanogan River, Watson 394. 14. Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes, Hovey’s Mag. 7: 180. 1841. Type cocauity: “In Pondicherry Pond, Jefferson, N. H.” Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2231; Henderson 1861; Lake Chelan Gorman in 1898. POTAMOGETON PULCHER Tuck. is listed by Suksdorf. The basis is a sterile plant from Glenwood, which may belong to P. amplifolius Tuck. PoTaMOGETON MARINUS L. is included in Suksdorf’s list based on a sterile plant from Bingen, which seems to be P. pectinatus L. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 99 NAIADACEAE. Carpels several to each flower. ° Flowers perfect, peduncled; leaves opposite .............2..222.--- Ruppia. Flowers monoecious; leaves alternate..................-.-.------- ZANNICHELLIA. Carpels solitary; flowers monoecious or dioecious. Leaves opposite or whorled, denticulate _..-.-. 22.2.2. 222.2.-.--- Nalras. Leaves alternate, entire, long-linear. Monoecious; ovaries pendulous _......-... 2.22.2... 2222-2 --- ZOSTERA. Dioecious; ovaries ascending ................2....-.-2------- Pry LLospapix. RUPPIA. Sheaths 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit 2 mm. long...........2.2.-2-2..-2--- 1. R. maritima. Sheaths 12 to 30 mm. Jong; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long....222222 2.2222... 2. R. occidentalis. 1. Ruppia maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 127. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. ’ Rance: In brackish water, nearly cosmopolitan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2797; Whidby Island, Gardner 348; Anacortes, Henderson, July, 1892; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle, Piper 2863. 2. Ruppia occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 138. 1890. Type Locauity: ‘In saline ponds near Kamloops, British Columbia.’’ Collected by Macoun. Rance: British Columbia to Washington and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull. ZANNICHELLIA. 1. Zannichellia palustris L. Sp. P|. 2: 969. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae, Virginiae fossis, fluviis.”’ Rance: Throughout most of North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2174; Junction Crab and Wil- son Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 264; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896. NAIAS. 1. Naias flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. K Schmidt, Fl. Sed. 384. 1824. Caulinia flerilis Willd. Abh. Akad. Berlin 95. 1803. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: Throughout most of North America. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897. ZOSTERA. 1. Zostera marina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 968. 1753. EELGRAss. Zostera oregana Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 131. 1891. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in mari Balthico, Oceano.” RanGE: Seacoasts, Alaska to California and Greenland to Florida. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Henderson 2471; Orchard Point, Piper 2314. FEelgrass is very abundant at about low-tide mark all along the seashore, especially in quiet water. Fruiting specimens are very rarely found. Better material for study is much to be desired. 100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. PHYLLOSPADIX. 1. Phyllospadix scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 171. 1839. Type tocauity: ‘Dundas Island in the Columbia River,” Dr. Scouler. RanGeE: Seacoast, British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 323. The other species, P. torreyi Wats., may be expected to occur on the Washington coast, as it is known from California and from Vancouver Island. SCHEUCHZERIACEAE. Leaves basal; flowers in a long spike-like raceme .........-.----------- TRIGLOCHHS. Stems leafy; flowers few in a loose raceme.....-.-...-----+----+--+----- SCHEUCHZERIA. TRIGLOCHIN. Carpels 3; fruit linear or clavate .....-.-.---.----------+--+++-e+++--- 1. T. palustris. Carpels 6; fruit oblong or ovoid... .-- -- (be ee eee ee eee eee eee ee ee eee 2. T. maritima. 1. Triglochin palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 388. 1755. Type Locanity: European. Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville, Areager 520. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Triglochin maritima L. Sp. PI. 1: 339. 1753. Type Locatity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2571; Whidby Island, Gardner 355; Admiralty Head, Piper; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper 680; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858-59; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 617; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897; Lake & Hull 628; Loomis, Elmer 261; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 210; Medical Lake, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1378. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. SCHEUCHZERIA. 1. Scheuchzeria palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 338. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Borussiae, Sueciae paludosis.” Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 693; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1327; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Colville to Rocky Mountains, Lyall in 1861; Tacoma, Flett 2226. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. ALISMACEAE. Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle; leaves ovate..........-.-.-.------- ALISMA. Carpels in many series on a convex receptacle; leaves sagittate (in ours). ... SAGITTARIA, ALISMA. 1. Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 342. 17538. WATER PLANTAIN. TYPE LocaLiry: Kuropean. Rance: Nearly throughout North America, Europe, Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 153; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1317; Ellensburg, Whited 498; Wenache, Whited 1428; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Columbia River, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 101 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kalispel Valley, Kreager 363; Usk, Kreager 366; Cotton 432; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 694; without locality, Vasey 66; Waitsburg, Horner 21; Pullman, Hull 629; Piper, July, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. SAGITTARIA. ARROWHEAD. Beak of the akene horizontal or oblique, more than one-fourth its length. . 1. S. latifolia. Beak of the akene less than one-fourth its length. Bracts 8 to 20 mm. long; bog plant.....-...--------------------- 2. S. arifolia. Bracts 4 to 6 mm. long; water plant........-.-------------------- 3. S. cuneata. 1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 409. 1805. Waparo. Sagittaria sagittifolia macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor, Am. 2: 167. 1839. Sagittaria sagittifolia vulgaris Hook. loc. cit. Sagittaria esculenta Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 679. 1903. Type Locaity: “Habitat a Canada ad Carolinam.” Rance: Throughout most of North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf'673. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. , This is the wapato or wappatoo, formerly an important food plant of the Indians. The introduction of the European carp into the Columbia River has nearly caused the exter- mination of this plant, where it used to be abundant. 2. Sagittaria arifolia Nutt.; J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 32. 1894. Type LocaLity; Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1318; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Union Flat, Piper 3049, 3049; Lake & Hull 626; Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 806. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2a. Sagittaria arifolia stricta J. G. Smith, Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 6: 34. 1894. Type Locauiry: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 674. 3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheld. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 283. 1893. Type Tocauity: “East Battle Lake, Otter Tail County,” Minnesota. Rance: Washington to Minnesota, north to British Columbia and Saskatchewan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Phileo Lake, Spokane County, Suksdorf 2262. VALLISNERIACEAE. ANACHARIS. 1. Anacharis canadensis (Michx.) Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. ITT. 11: 75. 1849. Elodea canadensis Michx. Fl. 1: 20. 1803. WATERWEED. Philotria canadensis Britton, Science II. 2: 5. 1895. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. in rivulis Canadae.” Rance: Throughout most of North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper, September, 1898; Lake Chelan, German in 1897. 102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. POACEAE. Grass FAmiIny. KEY TO THE TRIBES, Spikelets, 1 or 2-flowered. Rachilla articulated below the glumes, the spikelet 1 or 2-flowered, when 2-flowered the lower staminate. Glumes 2; spikelets flattened..............222-2-2-2-22------ ORYZEAE. Glumes apparently 3 or 4; spikelets not flattened............... PANICEAR. Rachilla articulated above the glumes. Glumes apparently 4; palea l-nerved ..............--.------- PHALARIDEAE. Glumes 2; palea 2-nerved...........2222.-2-2---2---2---0ee- AGROSTIDEAE. Spikelets 2 to many-flowered. Inflorescence a panicle or raceme. Lemma shorter than the glumes, usually with a bent awn arising from the back............-.-2...-.-.-.------------------- AVENEAE. Lemma longer than the glumes, awnless or with a straight apical AWN......222 222-2 ee eee FEsTUCEAE. Inflorescence a spike. Spikelets crowded in 2 rows, forming one-sided spikes........... CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets in 2 opposite rows._.-.-..------ 22-00-22 ee eee Horpeae. KEY TO THE GENERA, ORYZEAE, Flowers perfect; glumes and lemmas keeled........ 22.2... Homa.ocencurus (p. 104). PANICEAE, Spikelets in one-sided racemes or spikes. First glume very small .............-..-.--.----------. SYNTHERISMA (p. 104). First glume well developed ...........-....---------- Paspatum (p. 104). Spikelets not in one-sided racemes or spikes. Inflorescence dense; pedicels bearing bristles .......... JHAETOCHLOA (p. 106). Inflorescence loose; pedicels not bristly -.............. Panicum (p. 105). PHALARIDEAE., Spikelet with 3 florets, the uppermost perfect, the others stami- nate... 0... .2-- 2-2-2 2 ee ee ee eee eee eee ee eee SAVAsTANA (p. 106). Spikelet with 1 perfect floret, the lateral ones reduced to ster- ile lemmas. , Sterile lemmas bifid, awned ............ 2.2... -.-.... ANTHOXANTHUM (p. 106). Sterile lemmas awnless, very small........-...-.-.-.-- Puataris (p. 106). AGROSTIDEAE, Lemma with a long terminal awn, and closely embracing the grain. Fruiting lemma thin and membranaceous..-..... 2... . MUHLENBERGIA (p. 110). Fruiting lemma firm and indurated. Awns 3-branched. ..........----.-.------------ ARISTIDA (p. 107). Awns simple. Twisted, persistent on the lemma...........- Stipa (p. 107). Straight, deciduous from the lemma... .....-- Oryzopsis (p. 109). PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 103 Lemma awaless or short-awned, and loosely enveloping the grain. Inflorescence a dense spike. Spikelets early deciduous; lemma with a dorsal awn... ALorgecurus (p. 110). Spikelets persistent; lemma awnless or with a terminal awn. Spikes ovoid; glumes long-awned.......-------- Potypogon (p. 111). Spikes cylindric; glumes not long-awned... .-- -- - PuHvievo (p. 111). Inflorescence a loose panicle. Fruit a utricle.........-.-.-.--------------------- Sprorosotus (p. 112), Fruit a grain. Palet 1-nerved; stamen 1.........-.----------- Cinna (p. 113). Palet 2-nerved; stamens 3. Glumes none; plant, minute ........-..---- CoLEANTHUS (p. 114). Glumes 2. Callus with a tuft of long hairs at base... CaLaMaGrostis (p. 114), Callus naked. ..........-.--------+--- Acrostis (p. 118). AVENEAE, Perfect flower only one, the other staminate. Lower flower perfect; upper staminate and awned......--.- Houcus (p. 121). Lower flower staminate, long-awned; second flower perfect, awnless .......------------2 22-22-22 ee eee eee ARRHENATHERUM (p.121). Perfect flowers 2 or more. Rachilla not prolonged beyond the upper flower. ..-..----- Aira (p. 121). Rachilla prolonged beyond the upper flower. Awn of the lemma arising between the two terminal teeth... 2222-2222 eee eee MERATHREPTA (p. 122). Awn of the lemma dorsal. Florets large, more than 15 mm. long... .----.--- AVENA (p. 123). Florets small, less than 15 mm. long. Lemma erose-truncate.........------------ Descuampsia (p. 123). Lemma 2-toothed ._.......-.------------- TRISETUM (p. 124). FESTUCEAE, Lemma 3-nerved, rarely 1-nerved. Raghilla with long hairs.......-...-----------------+--- PHRAGMITES (p. 125). Rachilla glabrous or with short hairs. Glumes obtuse, very unlike, the upper inclosing the flowers. .......--------------------- 2-22 ee eee Estonia (p. 125). Glumes subequal, acute. Panicle close; spikelets 2 to 4-flowered .......--- KoeE ceria (p. 126). Panicle loose; spikelets usually many-flowered. ... KRaGRostis (p. 126). Lemma 5-nerved or more. Spikelets with the upper florets sterile and folded about each other .... 2222-22-22 22 ee eee ee eee ee eee Metica (p. 127). Spikelets with the upper florets perfect, or narrow and abor- . tive. Keels of the palea winged... ....------------------- PLEuROPOGON (p. 128). Keels of the palea not winged. Stigmas arising below the apex of the ovary... -- Bromus (p. 141). Stigmas arising at the apex of the ovary. Lemmas compressed and keeled. 104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Lemmas awn-pointed........-........ Dacty is (p. 128). Lemmas pointless. Glumes 1 to 3-nerved......2.....- Poa (p. 128). Glumes 5-nerved or more......... DisTicuis (p. 135). Lemmas convex or rounded on the back. » Lemmas acute or awned_.............. Festuca (p. 135). Lemmas obtuse and scarious at apex. Prominently 5 to 7-nerved......... PanicuLaria (p. 139). Obscurely 5-nerved......2.....--- PUCCINELLIA (p. 141). CHLORIDEAE, Pedicel jointed above the persisting glumes; spikes digitate..... CAPRIOLA (p. 146). Pedicel jointed below the glumes. Spikelets much flattened; glumes unequal, keeled... .....- SparTINA (p. 145), Spikelets subterete; glumes equal, convex........-...--- BECKMANNIA (p. 145). HORDEAE. Spikelets mostly solitary at each joint of the rachis. Spikelet 1-flowered ..........-222-. 0202222 SCRIBNERIA (p. 146). Spikelet several-flowered. Placed edgewise on the rachis ...........-.222.-.-.- Louium (p. 146). Placed flatwise on the rachis ............2...-.22--- AGROPYRON (p. 146). Spikelets two or more at each joint of the rachis. Spikelets 1-flowered ...-. 22222-22222 2-00-2222 eee eee Horpevo (p. 149). Spikelets 2 to many-flowered. Rachis continuous ........... 222222222222 222. ee eee Exymus (p. 150). Rachis readily separating into joints. ......2..2-...-. SITANION (p. 153). HOMALOCENCHRWUS. 1. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. Hist. Pl. Palat. 1: 52. 1776. Leersia oryzoides Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788. Phalaris oryzoides 1. Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Virginiae paludibus nemorosis.” Rance: Newfoundland to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1889; North Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. PASPALUM. 1. Paspalum distichum L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 391. 1759. TYPE LOCALITY: Jamaica. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Columbia River, Leckenby, October, 1900; Klickitat County, Suksdorf. Introduced along the banks of the lower Columbia River. SYNTHERISMA. 1. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 420. 1895. | CRABGRAss. Panicum sanguinale L. Sp. Pl. 1: 57. 1753. Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. F), Carn. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772. Syntherisma praecor Walt. F. Car. 76. 1788. Type Locaity: “Habitat in America, Europa australi.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1920. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 105 PANICUM. Spikelets in one-sided racemes, awned; summit of the palet free... . - 1. P. crus-galli. Spikelets in open panicles, awnless; summit of the palet inclosed in glume. Annual, spikelets pointed. Culms 15 to 25 em. high, slender; spikelets 2.5mm. long... 2. P. barbipulvinatum. Culms 40 em. or more high, stout; spikelets 3.5mm. long . 3. P. hirticaulum. Perennial, spikelets obtuse. Culms stout; spikelets 3mm. long........-.--.-.------- 4. P. seribnerianum., Culms slender; spikelets 1.5 mm. long. ........-.------- | 5. P. occidentale. 1. Panicum crus-galli L. Sp. Pl. 1: 56. 1753. BARNYARD GRASS. Type Locatity: ‘ Habitat in Europae et Virginiae cultis.” Rance: A native of Europe widely established as a weed. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Alma, Elmer 530; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2329; Almota, Piper, September, 1896; Wawawai, Lake 87; Davis Lake, Kreager 441; Marcus, Kreager 460. 2. Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 21. 1900. Panicum capillare brevifolium Vasey, U. 5. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 21. 1897, not P. brevifolium L. 1753. Tyre Loca.iry: “Manhattan, on a shaded sand bar in the Gallatin River,’ Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White River, Vasey 66; Chelan, Elmer 484, 848; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 431; North Yakima, Henderson 2219; Watt, August, 1895; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Watson 445; Whitman County, Lake & Hull 63; Dry Creek, Whitman County, Vasey 65; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 3. Panicum hirticaulum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 308. 1830. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. ad Acapulco, Mexico.” Rance: Washington to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 2320. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 421. 1895. Panicum scoparium minor Scribn. Bull. Univ. Tenn. 7: 48. 1894, not Panicum pubescens minus Poir. : Lam. Encycl, 4: 272. 1816. Type Locatity: “ Middle Tennessee.”’ RanGE: Maine to Washington, south to Alabama and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper 804; Seattle, Smith 804; Tacoma, Flett 11; American Lake, Smith, May, 1890; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4058; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859, Ophir, Elmer 509; Old Fort Colville, Watson 443; Wawawai, Elmer 763; Brodie, June, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. All references of Panicum scoparium Lam. to Washington refer to P. seribnerianum. With little doubt also the ‘Columbia River specimens referred by Hooker to P. viscidum E)l. are the same. 5. Panicum occidentale Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 10: 48. 1899. Panicum pubescens Lam. err. det. Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 306. 1830. Type Locauity: “Hab. in Nootka-Sund,’’ Vancouver Island. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Yelm, Smith, July 20, 1890; Enumclaw, Vasey 72; Montesano, /eller 3978; 106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Union City, Piper 939; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 118; Chelan, Elmer 489; Wenache, Whited 1249; Tumwater Canyon, Whited, August, 1901; Little Baldy, Spokane County, Kreager 160; Mason County, Piper 939; Kiona, Cotton 736; Toppenish, Cotton 792. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, Specimens of this species have been referred to P. nitidum Lam. and to P. dichotomum, L. species not known to occur within our limits. Panicum virGcATUM L., is stated by Hooker to have been collected on the Columbia by Douglas. There is no recent evidence of such occurrence of the species. CHAETOCHLOA. 1. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 39. 1897. GREEN FOXTAIL. Panicum viride L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 83. 1762. Setaria viridis Beauv. Agrost. 51, 178. 1812. Type Locairy: “Habitat in Europa australi.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Pullman, Piper; Waitsburg, Horner; Seattle, Piper. PHALARIS. Inflorescence a narrow panicle ....- wee ee ee ee ee eee eee 1. P. arundinacea. Inflorescence an ovoid spike...........-. 22.02.2222 e ee ee ee 2. P. canariensis. 1. Phalaris arundinacea L. Sp. PI. 1:55. 1753. REED CANARY GRASS. Type Locauity: European. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to New Jersey, Kansas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascades, Lyall in 1859; Wenache region, Brandegee 1153, Whaited 1425; Ellensburg, Piper, June, 1897; Whited 563; Columbia River, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1186; Spokane River, Piper 2386; Big Meadow, Kreager 425; Lake Chelan, Vasey 52, 552; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 367; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 263. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION:; Arid Transition. 2. Phalaris canariensis L. Sp. Pl. 1:54. 1753. CANARY GRASS. Type Locatity: “Hab. in Europa australi, Canariis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895. ANTHOXANTHUM. 1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753. SWEET VERNAL GRASS. Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Europae pratis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, September 5, 1895. SAVASTANA. 1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. Mem. Torr. Club 5: 34, 1894. VANILLA GRASS. Holcus odoratus:-L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753. Hierochloe borealis Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 513. 1817. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Washington, Colorado, and Wisconsin. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 292; North Yakima, Leckenby, April 22, 1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Wenache River, Vasey 229. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 107 ARISTIDA. 1. Aristida purpurea robusta (Merrill). Aristida longiseta robusta Merrill, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 84: 5. 1901. Type Locauity: ‘Indian Creek, Montana.” Rance: South Dakota to British Columbia, south to Nebraska and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 536; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 439; Spokane, Piper 2597; Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Kelly’s Bar, Snake River, Brodie, July, 1898; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 288; Lyons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 547. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. Nuttall’s type of A. purpurea in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences was, in my opinion, misunderstood by Mr. Merrill. The type certainly belongs to the group of forms Merrill includes under A. longiseta Steud., and has nothing to do with the species with which Merrill associates the name purpurea. STIPA. Awns 10 to 20 times longer than the lemmas. Plants glabrous... ......-.-.-.-.--------------- +--+ ++ +--+ 8. S. comata. Plants pubescent................------------- +--+ eee ee eee 8a. S. comata intonsa. Awns 4 to 7 times longer than the lemma. Awns plumose. Ligule 1 mm. long or less. Sheaths glabrous.................--..---.---------- 1. S. occidentalis. Sheaths pubescent ........-.-...-..-.------------- 2.8. elmeri. Ligule 2 to 4 mm. long..............-.----------------- 3. S. thurberiana. Awns only slightly pubescent or scabrous. Callus very short, obtuse; spikelets stout. ......-.-.-.- 4. 8S. lemmoni. Callus acute or acuminate. Sheaths pubescent ....... 22-22-2200. --------------- 5. S. williamsii. Sheaths smooth or only scabrous. Awns 1 to 3 em. long...........-------------- 6. S. minor. Awns 3.5 to 6 em. long ..........------------- 7. S. nelsoni. 1. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bot. King Explor, 380. 1871. Stipa stricta Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 42. 1883. Stipa stricta sparsiflora Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb, 3: 51. 1892. Stipa oregonensis Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17: 130. 1899, Type Locauiry: “ Yosemite Trail, California.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2583; Twenty-five Mile Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 617; Clealum, Henderson 2254; Mount Adams, Henderson 2256; Ophir, Elmer 515; without locality, Suksdorf in 1882; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1755; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1675; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 21. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Stipa elmeri Piper & Brodie, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:46. 1898. Stipa virdula pubescens Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:50, 1892, not Stipa pubescens R. Br. 1810. Type Loca.ity: Empire City, Nevada, according to the label on the type specimens. RanGeE: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 17, 1883; Nile, Henderson 2253: Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Chelan, Elmer 487; Ophir, Eliner, August, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2276, 2601; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 441. ZONAL pisrripuTion: Arid Transition. 108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Stipa thurberiana Piper, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27:10. 1900. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 483. 1874, not Thurb. Bot. King Explor. 380. 1871. Type Locaity: “North Branch of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by the Wilkes Expedi- tion. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1230; Sunnyside, Cotton 487; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; Henderson 2255; Ellensburg, Piper 2611; North Branch Columbia River, Wilkes Expedition; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 269; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Spokane, Piper 2613; Coulee City, Piper 3919; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 477; Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 50. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 4. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 3. 1901. Stipa pringlei lemmoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3:55. 1892. Stipa lemmoni jonesii Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ, 30: 4.1901. Type Loca.ity: Mohawk Valley, Plumas County, California, according to the label of the type specimen. RanGeE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 146, 56; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 8; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1263; Perkins Creek, Cotton 1613. : ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Stipa williamsii Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11:45. 1898. Type Locauity: Dry soil on the west side of Big Horn Mountain, near Monument Spring, Wyo. Rance: Washington to Oregon and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 380; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 328, 335. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Stipa minor (Vasey) Seribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. Stipa viridula minor Vasey, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 50. 1892. Type Locatity: Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, Colorado, according to the label of the type specimen. Rance: Washington to Colorado and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1900; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 147: Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud, June, 1895; Pullman, Piper 1762; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 258, 259; Colville Reserva- tion, Griffiths & Cotton 391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1304. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mostly Arid. 7. Stipa nelsoni Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 46. 1898. TypE Locauity: ‘‘ Woods Landing, Albany County, Wyoming.” Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 687; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 517; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 433. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Gram. Agrost. 3: 75. 1842. Stipa juncea L. err. det. Nutt. Gen. 1: 58. T8183. Stipa capillata L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 237. 1839. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Carlton House Fort ad fl. Saskatehawan.”’ RanGE: British Columbia to Alberta southward to California and New Mexico. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 109 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg, 240; Wenache, Whited 1130, 1229; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Connell, Leckenby, June, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2600; Pasco, Piper in 1897; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 379; Kittitas County, Vasey 121; Eltopia, Cotton 1017; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 495; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 254. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8a. Stipa comata intonsa subsp. nov. Differs from S. comata in having the leaves densely puberulent. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Rockland, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1026, type. ORYZOPSIS. Low alpine species with narrow strict panicles. Awn of the lemma 3 to 4 mm. long. .....-----------+-----+----- 1. O. exigua. Awn of the lemma 10 to 12 mm. long. ....-.---.--------------- 2. O. hendersoni. Tall lowland plants with loose panicles. Glumes equal, cuspidate; awn 3 to 5mm. long.......---.------- 4. O. hymenoides. Glumes equal; awn 10 to 15 mm. long... ...-...---.----------- 3. O. bloomeri. 1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 481. 1874. Type Locauity: “Cascade Mountains, Oregon.”’ Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: State of Washington, Suksdorf, in 4883; Cascade Mountains, Kittitas County, Vasey 34. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Arctic. This grass grows in granitic sand near timber line. 2. Oryzopsis hendersoni Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 267. 1893. Type Locauity: “In Washington.’’ Collected by Henderson (no. 2249). Rance: Known only from the type collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Summit of Mount Cleman, Henderson 2249. 3. Oryzopsis bloomeri (Boland.) Ricker. Stipa bloomeri Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 168. 1872. Type Loca.ity: ‘Bloody Canon, near Mono Lake,” California. Rance: Washington to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 231. ZONAL pbistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) Ricker. Stipa hymenoides Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 339. 1817, Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. Gen. 1: 40. 1818. Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. 2: 728. 1814, not L. 1753. Oryzopsis membranacea Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 12: pl. 10, 1891. Eriocoma membranacea Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 232. 1896. Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth; Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rep. 63: 23. 1883. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia to California, east to Alberta and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg, 281; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Piper 2964; Hindshaw 33; Sunnyside, Cotton 416; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 421; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Kittitas County, Vasey 85; Wallula, Cotton 1030, 1048. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, 110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. MUHLENBERGIA. Lemmas acuminate... ...-..-- bee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee 1. AM. racemosa, Lemmas long-awned. Hairs of the callus equaling the lemma............-...-.-.------- 2. M. comata. Hairs of the callus much shorter than the Jemma. ..-.........-.--- 3. M. sylvatica. 1. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888. Agrostis racemosa Michx. F]. 1: 53. 1803. Muhlenbergia glomerata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824. Polypogon glomeratus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 87. 1809. Type Loca.ity: “Hab. in ripis sabulosis inundatis fluminis Mississippi.” Rance: Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Missouri, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Loomis, Elmer, August, 1897; Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 594; Parker, A.D. Dunn; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 140. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth.; Vasey, Dese. Cat. Grasses U. S. 39. 1885. Vaseya comata Thurb. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 79. 1863. Type Locatity: “A native of the plains of Nebraska.” Rance: Colorado to Washington and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: «.oomis, Elmer 558. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Muhlenbergia sylvatica setiglumis Sg Wats. Bot. King Explor. 378. 1871. Type Locauity: “Near Warm Springs in Humboldt Pass, Nevada; 6,0C0 feet altitude.” Rance: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, September 1, 1899; Phileo Lake, Spokane County, Suksdorf 948. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ALOPECURUS. Awns scarcely exceeding the glumes; spikelets 2 to 2.5mm. long.. 1. A. geniculatus fulvus. Awns much exceeding the glumes. Spikelets 3 mm. long; anthers orange..............-..---- 2. A. californicus. Spikelets 4 mm. long; anthers white..............222-2-.- 3. A. saccatus. 1. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus (Smith) Sonder, Fl. Hamb. 32. 1851. Alopecurus fulvus J. E. Smith, Engl. Bot. 21: pl. 1467. 1805. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. Fl. 1: 43. 1803. Alopecurus geniculatus aristulatus Torr. F]. U.S. 1: 97. 1824. Alopecurus geniculatus robustus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 13. 1888. TYPE LocaLity: England. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Florida, Tennessee, and Cali- fornia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 333; Seattle, Piper 793; Smith, June, 1890; Tacoma, F'lett 14, 183; Leckenby, May 29, 1897; Clallam County, Elmer 1663; Alma, Elmer 548; Ellensburg, Vasey 118; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1066; Boundary, 7. F. O’Hara; Usk, Kreager 356; Spokane, Dewart, June 5, 1901; Asotin Creek, Hunter 93; Waitsburg, Horner 214. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Alopecurus californicus Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 13. 1888. Alopecurus pallescens Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 18. 1901. Type LocaLity: Santa Cruz, California, according to label on the type specimen. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 111 Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Wilkes Expedition; Pullman, Piper 1743; Whitman County, Lake & Hull, July 7, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 108; West Klickitat County, Suks- dorf 2117. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Alopecurus saccatus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 290. 1881. Type Locatity: ‘Eastern Oregon.” Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lyle, Leckenby, May 21, 1899; near Spangle, Piper, 3553. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PHLEUM. Spike cylindric; awns of glumes short.........-.-..- 2-2-2222 02-2 --- 1. P. pratense. Spike ovate-oblong; awn as long as body of glume... _-...-... 2.2.22... 2. P. alpinum. 1. Phleum pratense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753. TIMOTHY. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae versuris et pratis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Seattle, Piper 789; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Pullman, Hardwick July, 1895. 2. Phleum alpinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753. MounTAIN TIMOTHY. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Hampshire, Arizona, and California. Europe. Patagonia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer, 1901; Mount Rainier, Piper 1953; Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 814 and August, 1893; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 441; Cascade Mountains above Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 115; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 393. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. POLYPOGON. Glumes notched at apex, their awns 2 to 3 times as long; panicle dense, cylindric... 2.222222. 2. 2222222 ee ee eee eee 1. P. monspeliensis. Glumes attenuate into awns of equal length; panicle lobed or inter- rupted ........---.-.--------------------- wee ee ee eee. - ei... 2. P. littoralis. 1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Fl. Atl. 1:67. 1800. Alopecurus monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. 1:61. 1753. Type Locaity: “ Habitat monspelii.”’ RanGE: British Columbia to Mexico. Europe. Naturalized in the Atlantic States. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, Elmer 1934; South Bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Seattle, Piper 792; Tacoma, Flett 7; Parker, Dunn; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Alma, Elmer 532; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 280; Waitsburg, Horner 523; Illia, W. &. Hull 90; Almota, Piper, June, 1894; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 920; Steptoe, Vasey 56; Ellensburg, Vasey 494. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 2. Polypogon littoralis (With.) Smith, Comp. Fl. Brit. ed. 2. 13. 1816. Agrostis littoralis With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 129. 1796. Type Locauity: “Wells, on the Norfolk coast,’’ England. Rance: Vancouver Island to California and on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. SPECIMENS EXAMINED? Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1955; Tacoma, Fett 8. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPOROBOLUS. Panicle contracted, spike-like. Annuals, culms slender or filiform. /....-.....-.-.---.- 1. 8. filiformis. Perennials. Sheaths inflated, usually inclosing base of panicle... 2. S. vaginaeflorus neglectus. Sheaths not inflated. Glumes one-third to one-half the length of the lemma...-.-.-------- Lee eee ee eee eee ee 3. S. richardsoni. Glume from two-thirds to almost the whole length of the lemma__..-.....-.-.------------- .. 4. 8. depauperatus. Panicle open, branches mostly spreading. Annuals, culms slender, pedicels longer than spikelets... 5. S. confusus. Perennials. Panicle branches close-flowered nearly to base; pedi- cels equaling to shorter than spikelets... ...~ - .- 6.8. eryptandrus. Panicle branches few-flowered, naked below. Pedicels smooth, seldom more than twice the length of the spikelet..............--.----- 7. S. airoides. Pedicels scabrous, 3 to many times the length of the spikelet.............-.-.----------- 8. S. asperifolius. 1. Sporobolus filiformis (Thurb.) Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 189. 1895. Vilfa depauperata filiformis Thurb. Bot. King Explor. 376. 1871. Vilfa gracillima Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 268. 1880. Sporobolus gracillimus Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. 5. 44. 1885. Type Locaity: Yosemite Valley, California. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Flett 1396; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Howell 84; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 13. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Sporobolus vaginaeflorus neglectus Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17. rev. ed. 170. 1901. Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 464. 1895. Type Locauiry: None given. Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Myers Falls, Kreager 590. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Sporobolus richardsoni (Trin.) Merrill, Rhodora 4: 46. 1902. Vilfa richardsont Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6?: 103. 1840. Type LocALiry: “Amer. boreal.” Richardson. RanaGeE: British Columbia to Labrador, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2581; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Medical Lake, Henderson 2251; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 359; Prosser, Cotton 636; Colville Reservation near Mount Bonaparte, Griffiths & Cotton 359; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 434. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Sporobolus depauperatus (Torr.) Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 103. 1882. Vilfa depauperata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 257. 1840. , Vilfa squarrosa Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6?: 100, 1840. Type Locauity: “N. W. America. Barren sandy parts of the Columbia from Menzies’ island upwards.”’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: Oregon and Washington to Montana. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 113 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “N. W. coast,”’ Douglas; Pullman, Piper 1926; Henderson 2250; Almota, Piper, September, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 5. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 293. 1888. Vilfa confusa Fourn. Mex. Pl. Enum. Gram. 101. 1886. Tyre Locauiry: “In devexis arenosis montis ignivomi Jorullo,’’ Mexico. Rance: Washington to Arizona, Texas, and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Yakima County, Elmer 1076. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray, Man. 576. 1848. Agrostis cryptandrus Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 151. 1824. Vilfa tenacissima fuscicolor Wook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 239, 1840. Type Locauity: “On the Canadian river.” Rance: Washington to Maine southward to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, central Washington, Vasey 132; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1019; Wawawai, Elmer 760; near Ellensburg, Vasey 465; Kiona, Cotton 726; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1353. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran in Washington. 7. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 7%: 21. 1856. Agrostis airoides Torr. Ann, Lye. N. Y. 1:151. 1824. Tyee Locauiry: “On the branches of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Washington to Nebraska, south to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Oroville, Okanogan River, Griffiths & Cotton 350. This is the northernmost station known. ‘ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Meyen) Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 269. 1880. Vilfa asperifolia Nees & Meyen, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VJ. 67: 95. 1840. Type Locauity: “Chile; Rio Mayno; Copiapo.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Assiniboia southward to California and Missouri. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 549; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 99; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Ellensburg, Piper 2580; ‘North Yakima, Henderson 2218; Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 492; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 525; Toppenish, Cotton 804; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1403. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Sporopo.vus cusprpatus Wood, Bot. & Flor. 385. 1874. (Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 238. 1839.) This is included in Suksdorf’s List, but no Washington specimens have been seen by us. CINNA. 1. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 435. 1853. Agrostis latifolia Trev.; Goepp. Beschr. Bot. Gaert. in Breslau 82. 1830. Cinna pendula Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 67. 280. 1841. Cinna pendula glomerula Scribn. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1884: 290. 1885. Cinna latifolia glomerata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 319. 1896. Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Colorado, New England, and Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 821; Montesano, Heller 4017; Longmire Springs, Mount Ranier, Piper 1982; Lake Cushman, Piper 1991; Railroad Creek, Okanogan County, Elmer 719; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 114; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Okanogan County, Sandberg & Leiberg 581; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horner 494. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 29418—06 om 8 114 CONTRIBUTIONS KROM THE COLEANTHUS. NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 276. 1817. Schmidtia subtilis Tratt. Fl. Austr. 1: 12. 1816. Type Loca.ity: “In der gegend von Wosseck,’’ Bohemia. Rance: Along the lower Columbia River. Also in Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 280. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. CALAMAGROSTIS. Awn strongly geniculate; callus hairs much shorter than the Jemma. Awn greatly exceeding the glumes. Panicle loose; leaves nearly as long as the culms... ....... 1. C. howellii. Panicle dense; leaves shorter than the culms. Leaves soft, flat........-2222222 02-02-2222 ee 4. C. tweedyi. Leaves hard, closely involute. Glumes scabrous all over.... 2... 2.222022 .22--. 2. C. purpurascens Glumes nearly smooth................-.---.-.-- 3. C. vaseyi. Awn shorter than or a little exceeding the glumes. Glumes strongly keeled; tall seashore plant... 5. C. aleutica. Glumes not strongly keeled. Panicle dense, purple.........-...-.-...2...-.------ 6. C. rubescens. Panicle dense, pale green. . a . 7. C. suksdorfii. Awn straight; callus hairs not much shorter than the lemma. Panicle loose and open. Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long. ..-...-.-2.-..0000...-2-2222-- 9. C. langsdorffii. Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long. Glumes 2 to 2.6 mm. long......... 2.22.2 222.-22----- 12. (. macouniana. Glumeés 3 to 4 mm. long. Awn attached near the middle of the lemma...... 10. C. canadensis. Awn attached near the apex of the lemma....... - 11. C. blanda. Panicle narrow, rather close. Callus hairs copious; sheaths bearded at summit... .._..-- 13. C..seribneri. Callus hairs sparse. Leaf blades soft, not rigid... .. 22... 22222222-222-2--. 14. C. neglecta. Leaf blades rigid. Panicle rather loose. ......-...........2.-.-.-.- 15. @. inexpansa. Panicle dense, spike-like. Glumes subcoriaceous, ovate, acute; panicle 4 to 6 em. long..........-.-- --.---.--- 16. C. crassiglumis. Glumes membranous, acuminate, panicle 5 to 20 cm. long... _._. - 17. C. hyperborea. 1. Calamagrostis howelli Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 271. 1881. Type Locauity: “Oregon.’’ Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Larm River, Suksdorf 13; Cape Horn, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Abundant on the perpendicular cliffs of the Columbia Gap, but not known elsewhere. 2. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 731. 1823. Calamagrostis sylvatice DC. err. det. A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 80. 1866. Calamagrostis sylvatica americana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892. Type LocaLity: British America between Point Lake and the Arctic Sea. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to the Black Hills, Colorado, and California PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 115 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 825; Mount Chapaca, Elmer 555; Wenache region, Tweedy 650. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian.? 3. Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 344. 1896. Calamogrostis purpurascens R. Br. err. det. Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892. Type Loca.ity: ‘Cascade Mountains of Washington.” Collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1984, 1983; Mount Ranier, Piper 1956, 1957, 1955; Goat Mountains, Allen 177; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1025; Flett 1384, 1390. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The “ Deyeuxia sylvatica Kth.”’ of Suksdorf’s list is Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal. | 4. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 83. 1892. Deyeuxia tweedyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883. Type Locatiry: “Cascade Mountains, Washington.’ Collected by Tweedy. Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy; Vasey in 1889. 5. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832. Calamagrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863. Calamagrostis pallida Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863. Deyeuria breviaristata Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888. Type cocauity: ‘ Unalaschka.” Rance; Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Granville, Conard 335. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 92. 1863. Deyeuria varia Kunth, err. det. Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 9: 45. 1882. Type Locauity: “Oregon.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 493; Lake & Hull 74; Lake Omack, Griffiths & Colton 389; Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 82. 1892. Deyeuria suksdorfii Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 15: 9. 1888. Type LocaLiry: According to type specimen, Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 535; Ellensburg, Elmer 421; Atanum River, Henderson 2151; east of Mount Adams, Henderson 2153; ‘i'wenty- five Mile Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 615; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901; Dry Creek, Vasey, July 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1919; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 26, 607; Spokane County, Suksdorf 92. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Calamagrostis suksdorfii luxurians Kearney, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 24. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘Farmington Landing, Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho.” Collected by Sandberg, Heller, and MacDougal. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tieton River, Cotton 503; Wenache, Whited 1418; Cascade Mountains, Vasey; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Spokane, Piper 1918; Blue Mountains, Piper 2557; locality unknown, Brandegee 1171. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. Calamagrostis langsdorffii Trin. Gram. Unifl. 225. f. 4. f. 10. 1824. Calamagrostis oregonensis Buck]. Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862: 92. 1863. Calamagrostis columbiensis Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 334. 1863. Type Locauity: ‘Tobolsk,”’ Siberia. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, New Mexico, Michigan, and North Carolina. Europe. Asia. SpeCIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1986; Elmer 1671, 1672; Mount Rainier, Smith 981; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 176; Goose Lake, Flett 1378; Cascade Moun- tains, Henderson 2157; Vasey in 1889; Sandberg & Leiberg 795; North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer 680; Mount Adams, Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 87, 204. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Hudsonian and Arctic. 9a. Calamagrostis langsdorffii lactea (Beal) Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 28. 1898. Calamagrostis lactea Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896. Deyeuxia lactea Suksdorf in Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 346. 1896, as synonym. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Washington; banks of the North Fork of Nooksack River, near Mount Baker.” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Baker, Suksdorf 1022, 1023; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 206. 10. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Agrost. 15, 157. 1812. Arundo canadensis Michx. Fl]. 1: 73. 1803. Type Locauiry: “ Hab. in Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to New Jersey, Ohio, Utah, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 1169; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2127; Thorn Creek, Whitman County, Vasey, July 9, 1901; Pullman, Brodie August, 1898 ; Piper 3037; Henderson 2162; Big Meadows, Kreager 411; Spokane County, Suksdorf 86, 90a. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ‘Transition. 10a. Calamagrostis canadensis acuminata Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 5: 26. 1897. Type LocaLiry: Georgetown, Colorado. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south in the mountains to California, New Mexico, and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Brandegee 1168; Lyall in 1860; Ellensberg, Piper, July 9, 1897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2127; along Sal- mon River, Horner 495; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 196, 230, Cascade Mountains, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 203, 205; near Mount Baker, Suksderf 2166; Mount Adams, Howell 82; Suksdorf 209. ZONAL DistRiBuTION: Arid Transition to Hudsonian. 11. Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 349. 1896. Calamagrostis pallida Vasey & Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb, 3: 79, 1892, not C. Muell. 1860. Tyre Locairy: ‘ Washington.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 52. 12. Calamagrostis macouniana Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 81. 1892. Deyeuxia macouniana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 297. 1885. Type Locauity: ‘Souris Plain, Assiniboia”’ according to the label on the type specimen. Rance: Washington to Assiniboia and Missouri. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Palouse River, Vasey, March 3, 1897; Pullman, Hender- son 2162, Piper 3037, Brodie, July, 1898; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1097. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 117 13. Calamagrostis scribneri Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 343. 1896. Deyeuxia dubia Seribn. Bot. Gaz. 11: 174. 1886. Calamagrostis dubia Scribn. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 80. 1892, not Bunge; Lehm. Rel. 348. 1847. TypPE Locauity: ‘‘Slough Creek, alt. 6,700 ft., Montana.” Rance: British Columbia to Washington and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1023; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 145; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1756. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ITudsonian? 14. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherb. Fl. Wetterau 1: 94. 1799. Arundo neglecta Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 84, 137. 1791. Calamagrostis stricta Koel. Descr. Gram. 105, 1802. Calamagrostis coarctata Torr.; Hook. Fl. Bor, Am. 2: 240. 1839. Type Locatiry: Upsala, Sweden. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maine. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 90. 15a. Calamagrostis inexpansa cuprea Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 37. 1898. Tyre Locauity: ‘In shallow water, Falcon Valley, Washington.”’ Collected by Suks- dorf. RanGe: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 910. 15b. Calamagrostis inexpansa barbulata Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 37. 1898. Type Locauitry: ‘Mason County, Wash.’’ Collected by Piper, three miles south of Union City. RanGE: Known only from the type specimen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 947. Abundant in small wet meadows in woods of Pinus contorta. 18. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 281. 1880. Deyeuxia crassiglumis Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. 5. 50. 1885. Type Locauity: ‘‘Swamps, Mendocino County,” California. Collected by Bolander. Rance: Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom Lake, Suksdorf 1024. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, 17. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange, Fl. Dan. 50: ¢. 2942. 1880; Consp. Fl. Groenl. 160. 1880. Calamagrostis stricta robusta, Vasey in Rothr.; Wheeler Rep. 6: 285, 1878, not C. robusta C. Muell. Type Locauity: Igalico, near Julianshaab, southern Greenland. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to California, Arizona, and Vermont. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Cooper. 17a. Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata Kearney, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 40. 1898. Tyre Locauitry: ‘Plummer Ford, on the Dismal River, Plummer County, Nebr.” Rance: British Columbia to Ontario, southward to California, Colorado, and Pennsyl- vania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 325; Spangle, Suksdorf 1099, 1100; Marshall Junction, Piper 2254; locality unknown, Brandegee 1170; Endicott, Elmer 1028; Ephrata, Cotton 470; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187, 188; Spokane County, Suksdorf 106. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17b. Calamagrostis hyperborea americana Vasey; Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 41. 1898. Deyeuxia neglecta americana Vasey, Macoun. Cat. Can. Pl. 4: 206. 1888, nom. nud. Calamagrostis stricta Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 79. 1866 in part, not Koel. Type vocarity: “Donald, Columbia Valley,’ British Columbia. Collected by Macoun, RanaeE: British Columbia to Hudson Bay, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Vermont. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Brewster, (riffiths & Cotton 267; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 271; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 240; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 470. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. CALAMAGROSTIS sTRICTA Nutt. is listed in Cooper’s Report, page 70. The specimen seems to be lost, but it was certainly of some other species. AGROSTIS. Rachilla prolonged behind the palet. Spikelets 3 mm. long, usually purple. ......-.-.-.-.-.-....--- 1. A. aequivalvis. Spikelets 2 mm. long, usually pale. -...-...-.-.-.-.---------- 2. A. thurbervana. Rachilla not prolonged behind the palet. Palet evident, 2-nerved. Plant spreading by creeping short-leafed stolons..........- 3. A. depressa. Plant without stolons. Tufted; a dwarf high-alpine species....-....-.------- 4, A. humilis. Provided with rootstocks; culms erect, rather tall...... 5, A. alba. Palet wanting or minute and nerveless. Plant with rootstocks..........-.-------.-+---0-------- 6. A. pallens. Plant tufted, without rootstocks. Panicle narrow, rather close. Lemma with exserted awn. Glumes awn-pointed.-.......-------------- 7. A. microphylla. Glumes merely acute. ........----.---------- 8. A. ampla. Lemma awnless or the awn included. Panicle 5 to 30 cm. long; tall lowland plant.... 9. A. exarata. Panicle 3 to 6 cm. long; low alpine plant... . -. - 10. A. rossae. Panicle open, loose. Inflorescence very diffuse; herbage scabrous... . - - . 11. A. hyemalis. Inflorescence not diffuse. Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; panicle usually pale. . 12. A. idahoensis. Plants 30 to 60 cm. high. Panicle pyramidal, dark purple... -...-. 13. A. oregonensis. Panicle elongated, oblong............... 14. A. schiediana. 1. Agrostis aequivalvis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 67: 362. 1841. Agrostis canina aequivalvis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 171. 1832. Type LocaLity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 676; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 194. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian? 2. Agrostis thurberiana A. S. Hitchcock, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 68: 23. 1905. Type Locauiry: “In wet places on mountains, Skamania County, Wash.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 24, 194; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Lei- berg 676; Mount Rainier, Flett 1955. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 119 3. Agrostis depressa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 54. 1886. Agrostis erarata stolonifera Vasey, loc. cit. Tyre Locaity: Clear Creek Canyon, Colorado. RanaeE: Washington to California, Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 40, 140; Ilwaco, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Agrostis humilis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 21, 1883. Type Locauity: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 836; Elmer 1951; Mount Rainier, Piper 1976, 1975, 1973, 1974; Allen 65a, 179; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1021, 1079; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25; Howell 85; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Cascade Mountains Vasey 362; Bridge Creek, Elmer 677. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5. Agrostis alba L. Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753. REpTop. Type vocauity: “Habitat in Europae nemoribus.” Rance: British Columbia to Labrador and southward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1954; Southbend, Spillman, August 7, 1899; Montesano, Heller 4034, 3957; Skamania County, Flett 1387; Tacoma, Piper, July 15, 1897; Wenache, Whited 4; Ellensburg, Elmer 407; Piper 2578; Tieton River, Cotton 493; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Sand- berg & Leiberg 403; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894; Wawawai, Piper 3531; Ellensburg, Vasey 489. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Agrostis pallens Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 67: 328. 1841. Agrostis exarata littoralis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 18: 54. 1886. Type Locauity: “ Amer.-borealis?”’ Rance: Washington to California along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Copalis, Conard 416; Westport, Henderson 2116. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6a. Agrostis pallens foliosa (Vasey) A.S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 68: 34. 1905. Agrostis foliosa Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 18: 55. 1886. Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, loc. cit. Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union City, Piper 950, 949; Lakeview, Henderson 2125; East Seattle, Henderson 2113; Skamania County, Flett 1382, 1386; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Cape Horn, Suksdorf 2332, 2331; Steptoe, Vasey, June 1900; Pullman, Piper 3106, 1927, 3043; Wawawai, Piper 3531. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. All the Washington specimens that have been named A. hallii Vasey belong to A. pallens foliosa. 7. Agrostis microphylla Steud. Syn. Pl. Gram. 164. 1855. Type Looauity: “ Douglas legit in Am. Sptr.” Collected by Douglas in North America. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 828; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 306; Stuart Island, Lawrence 124; Johns Island, Lawrence 190; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 47; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 327; Montesano, Heller 4010. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Agrostis ampla A. S. Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 68: 38. 1905. TYPE Locaity: ‘On wet rocks near Rooster Rock, Multnomah County, Oregon.” Rance: British Columbia to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1953; Seattle, Henderson 2113: What- com Lake, Suksdorf 132; Bingen, Suksdorf 2829; Falcon Valley Suksdorf 132; Skamania County, Flett 1389. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species was previously referred to the Mexican A. virescens H. B. K. 9. Agrostis exarata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824. Agrostis grandis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 62: 316. 1841. Agrostis asperifolia Trin, op. cit. 317. Agrostis scoulert THin. op. cit. 329. Agrostis albicans Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862: 91. 1862. Type Locaity: ‘Ex Unalaschka.’’ Collected by Eschscholtz. Rance: Alaska to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1952; Clallam County, Elmer 1949; Montesano, //eller 4018; Point Orchard, Piper 2311; Seattle, Henderson 2114; Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 45; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1163; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Yakima River, Cotton 425; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; South- bend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Chelan, Elmer 485; Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 370; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 97; Spokane, Piper 2852, 2623; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Waitsburg, Horner 499; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 496; Pullman, Piper 1759, 1923; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 149. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Arctic. 10. Agrostis rossae Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 76. 1892. Agrostis varians Trin. Mem, Acad. Petersb. VI. 62: 314. 1841, not Thuill. 1790. Agrostis variabilis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 32. 1900. TYPE LocaLiry: Yellowstone Park, Wyoming. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1948, Piper 1994: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 656; Mount Rainier, Allen 179; Piper 1978, 1979, 1972, 1980, 1970; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1020; Mount Adams, Henderson 2127; Atanum River, Hen- derson 2119; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 730; Walla Walla, Piper 179. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. 11. Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888. Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. Fl. Car. 73. 1788. Agrostis scabra Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 370. 1799. Agrostis nutkaensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 222. 1833. Trichodium album Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 244. 1830. Agrostis laxiflora (Michx.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ, 731. 1823. Type Locairy: Carolina. Rance: Throughout most of North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1950; Southbend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Orcas Island, Henderson 2112; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 827; Nisqually Valley, Allen 43; Tacoma, Flett 17; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Tieton River, Cotton 435; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Glenwood, Flett 1395; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Ophir, Elmer 510; Loomis, Elmer 557; Thorn Creek, Vasey, July 10,1901; Steptoe, Vasey, July, 1900; Spokane, Henderson 2111; Pullman, Piper 1927; Blue Mountains, Horner 505; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 382, 68. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 121 lla. Agrostis hyemalis geminata (Trin.) A. 5. Hitchcock, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. PI. Ind. Bull. 68: 44. 1905. Agrostis geminata Trin. Gram. Unifl. 207. 1824. Tyee Locauity: Unalaska. Rance: Alaska to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 119; Mount Rainier, Allen in 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 12. Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Bull. Torr, Club, 24: 42, 1897. Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Bull. Torr, Club, 10: 21, 1883, not Sibth. 1794. — Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash, Mem, N. Y. Bot, Gard. 1: 32. 1900. TYPE LocaLity: ‘‘ Forest, Nes Perces County, Idaho.’’ Collected by Heller. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 1165; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1669; without locality, Suksdorf in 1883. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? 13. Agrostis oregonensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 13: 55, 1886 (April). Agrostis attenuata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1886 (December). Type Locatity: Oregon.” Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 907; Copalis, Conard 47; Lake Suth- erland, Lawrence 318; Kittitas County, Henderson 2123. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 14. Agrostis schiediana Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 67: 327. 1841. Agrostis hallii californica Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 74. 1892. TYPE LocALItTy: ‘‘ Mexico.” Rance: British Columbia to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 50,189, 196; Lewis River, Henderson 2131. On Suksdori’s List appear the names Agrostis canina L., A. densiflora Vasey var.(arena- ria), A. verticillata Vill. (A. stolonifera L.), and A. perennans Tuck.? These names all seem to rest upon erroneous determinations, the last being A. hyemalis. A. verticillata Vill. has been collected at Walla Walla by Leckenby, but only from cultivated plots. HOLCUS. 1. Holcus lanatus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1048. 1753. VELVET GRASS. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae pascuis arenosis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 785; near Montesano, Heller 3952; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Areager 86. . Quite commonly escaped from cultivation. In western Washington known as ‘“ mes- quite grass.” ARRHENATHERUM. 1. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv.; Mert. & Koch, Deutsch. FI. 1: 546, 1823. TALL MEADOW OATGRASS. Avena elatior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 79, 1753. Holcus avenaceus Scop. F]. Carn. ed. 2. 276. 1772. Arrhenatherum avenaceum Boiss. Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 657. 1839-45. Type Loca.iry: ‘Habitat in Europae maritimis & apricis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 830. AIRA. Hair Grass. Panicle loose; lemma 2 mm. long... .--...---.------------------- 1. A. caryophyllea. Panicle dense; lemma 3 mm. long .......--...-----2-2----- eee eee 2. A. praecor. 122 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Aira caryophyllea L. Sp. Pl. 1:66. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Angliae, Germaniae, Galliae, glareosis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 346; Clallam County, Elmer 1933; Seattle, Piper 823; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Montesano, Heller 3889; Pierce and Thurston counties, Henderson 2142. 2. Aira praecox L. Sp. Pl. 1: 65. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, H/mer 1932; Point Orchard, Piper 2310, 832; Whidby Island, Gardner 345; Stuart Island, Lawrence 59. MERATHREPTA. [Meraturerta Raf. in Seringe, Bull. Bot. 1: 221. 1830.] The type of Danthonia DC. is Festuca decumbens L. (Triodia decumbens R. Br.), and the name can not therefore be used in the current sense. Merathrepta has for its type M. spicata (L.) Raf. (Avena spicata L.). Spikelets ascending, in a close panicle. Callus very short, not hairy.................-.-.-2-2-.-.------ 1. M. pinetorum. Callus elongate, densely hairy. ...............-.2.-2-.-----0--- 2. M. intermedia. Spikelets spreading in a loose panicle or solitary. Sheaths smooth. ..........2-.-22-2.-2----------------------.--- 3. M. californica Sheaths hairy. Lemma abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually 2 to 4.......... 4, M. americana. Lemma not abruptly narrowed; spikelets usually solitary... .. 5. M. wnispicata. 1. Merathrepta pinetorum. Danthonia spicata pinetorum Piper, Erythea 7: 103. 1899. Danthonia thermale Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 80: 5. 1901. Type Locauity: “In gravelly soil, Mason County, Wash., 3 miles south of Union City.” Collected by Piper. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, near Union City, Piper 943; between mouth of Spokane River and Colville, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Merathrepta intermedia (Vasey). Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 52. 1883. Type Locauity: “California, Rocky Mountains, Plains of Br. America to Mount Albert, Lower Canada.” RanGE: Canada to Washington, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 553; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Mount Rainier, Piper 1950; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 442. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2a. Merathrepta intermedia cusickii (Williams). Danthonia intermedia cusickii Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 30: 7. 1901. Tyre Loca.ity: “Oregon.” Rance: Washington to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1987. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Merathrepta californica (Boland.). Danthonia californica Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 182. 1858-62. Type Locauity: ‘On the borders of cultivated fields near the bay at Oakland; hills near Mission Dolores, San Francisco.”’ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 123 Rance: California to Washington and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer 1011; Piper 1744; Horner 879; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 488. The following specimens are doubtfully referred here: Coupeville, Gardner 342; Seattle, Smith 829; Kitsap County, Piper 821. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Merathrepta americana (Scribn.). Danthonia americana Seribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 30: 5. 1901. Danthonia grandiflora Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chil. 568. 1873, not Hochst. 1851. Type Locairy: Chile. Rance: British Columbia to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3908; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 150. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Merathrepta unispicata (Thurb.). Danthonia unispicata Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 294. 1880. Type vocauty: “From San Diego to San Francisco,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2599; without locality, Geyer 189; Pullman, Elmer 1327; Brodie, June, 1898. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. AVENA. 1. Avena fatua glabrata Petermann, Flora des Bienitz 13.1841. SMoorH wiLp oat. Avena fatua glabrescens Coss. Fl. Alg. 113. 1864-67. Type Locauity: Not determined. Rance: Introduced on the Pacific coast, especially in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894. DESCHAMPSIA. Lower glume 1-nerved. Glumes not longer than the florets.........------------+-+--- 1. D. cespitosa. Glumes longer than the florets..........--------------------- 2. D. atropurpurea. Lower glume 3-nerved. ° Annual; glumes 5 to 7 mm. long.........-------------------- 3. D. calycina. Perennial; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long....-----.----- Lecce eee eee 4. D. elongata. 1. Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 91, 160, 1812. Aira cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 64, 1753. Tyre Locatiry: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California, Arizona, Illinois, and New Jersey. Eu- rope, Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1665; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Seattle, Smith 858; Gray’s Harbor, Henderson, June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Garry in 1826; Railroad Creek, Elmer 718; Wenache River, Whited; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1749; Steptoe, Vasey 12; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg, Horner 509; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 328; Lake Chelan, Vasey 24; without locality, Vasey 367. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele, Flora 27: 56. 1844. Aira atropurpurea Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 37. 1812. Aira latifolia Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840. Deschampsia atropurpurea latifolia Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 2: 209. 1888. Tyre Locauity: Finmark. 124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Mountains of New England and New York to Alaska south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1670; Mount Rainier, Piper 1949; Mount Rainier, Smith 690; Mount Adams, Henderson 2147; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei- berg, August, 1893; Wenache Region, Brandegee, 1176; North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer 735; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1151; Skamania County, Fleft 1371; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 423. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Deschampsia calycina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 251. 1830. Aira danthonioides Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 57. 1830. Type Locauity; ‘Hab. ad Monte-Rey Californiae.”’ Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. Peru. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Sandberg & Leiberg 292: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 395; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes Expedition Klickitat River, Flett 1369; Pullman, Piper 1922, 1758; Elmer 888; Steptoe, Vasey 25; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 413; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1175; Blue Mountains, Horner 491; Kittitas County, Vasey 92; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud, June 22, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro in Benth. Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857. Aira elongata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 243. 1840. Tyre Locatity: “Sandy islands of the River Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1664; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1893; Montesano, Heller 4044, 3953a; Nisqually Valley, Allen 38; Seattle, Piper 843; Okanogan County, Sandberg & Leiberg 582; North Yakima, GH. Watt; Wenache, Whited 1302; Stehekin, Whited 1399: Roslyn, Whited 477; Skamania County Flett 1372; Pullman, Piper 1741; Walla Walla, Brandegee 1174; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 70; Mount Carlton, Kreager 199; Tieton River, Cotton 50; Ellensburg, Vasey 389. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. TRISETUM. Lemmas awnless; panicle narrow. ...........2-. 222.2222 ee ce ee ee eee 1. T. mutioum. Lemmas awned. Panicle dense and spike-like.......... 222222222220 -2 2 eee eee 2. 7. spicatum. Panicle loose and open. Sheaths pubescent, lemma 7 mm. long... .. eee ee esses eee. 3. 7. canescens. Sheaths glabrous; lemma 5 mm. long... ....-. Lee eee eee ee eee 4. 7. cernuum. 1. Trisetum muticum Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. 11: 50. 1898. Trisetum subspicatum muticum Boland.; 8. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 296. 1880. ' Trisetum brandegei Scribner, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 64. 1883. Tyre Locatity: “On the upper Tuolumne,” California. Collected by Bolander. Rance: California to Washington, east to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Spangle, Suksdorf 949. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter, Pl. Eur. 1: 59. 1890. Aria spicata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 64. 1753. Arva subspicata L. Syst. Veg. ed. 10 : 873. 1759. Trisetum subspicatum Beauv. Agrost. 88 and 180. 1812. Type Locarity: “Habitat in Lapponiae alpibus.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, New Mexico, and North Carolina. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 125 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1947; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper 2620, 1951; Mount Adams, Howell 423; Flett 1414; Yakima County, Henderson 2261, 2262; Loomis, Klmer 556; Klickitat River, Flett 1368; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 687. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2a. Trisetum spicatum molle (Michx.). Avena mollis Michx. Fl. Bor, Am, 1: 72. 1803. Trisetum subspicatum molle Gray, Man. ed, 2. 572. 1856. Type Locaniry: ‘Hab. in Canada.” Rance: Alaska to New England and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 633; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 386. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Trisetum canescens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila, 1862: 100. 1862. Type Locauity: “Oregon, Columbia Plains.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1944, 1945; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Smith 1097; Olympia, Henderson, June, 1892; Montesano, Heller 3931; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 48; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1143; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse, F. D. Cloud, June, 1895; Blue Mountains, Horner 502, 518; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 483 ; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 23s. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Trisetum cernuum Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1: 61. 18380 (January). Avena nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 254. 1830. Trisetum sandbergii Beal, Grasses N. Am, 2: 378. 1896. Trisetum nutkaense Scribner & Merrill, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 65. 1902. Type Locauity: ‘Ex Ins. Sitka.” Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Eimer 1946; Mount Rainier, Smith 979; Longmire Springs, Smith, August, 1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 42; Seattle, Piper, Smith 846; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1177; Pullman, Piper, July 13, 1899; Klickitat River, Flett 1368, 1412; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 64; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 823. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PHRAGMITES. 1. Phragmites phragmites (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Il. 379. 1880-83. REED. Arundo phragmites L. Sp. Pl. 1:81. 1753. , Phragmites communis Trin. Fund. Agrost. 134. 1820. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae lacubus, fluviis.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Quebec south to Georgia and California, Europe, Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 519; Columbia River, Scouler; Crab Creek, Douglas County, Lake & Hull 113; between Yakima and Ellensburg, Piper. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. EATONIA. Panicle dense, erect; upper glume obova te........-.-.------------ 1. E. obtusata. Panicle lax, often drooping; upper glume oblanceolate ......-.----- 2. FE. pennsylvanica. 1. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 5538. 1856. Aira obtusata Michx. Fl. 1: 62. 1803. Type Locaity: “Hab. in aridis, a Carolina ad Floridam.”’ Rance: Washington to Ontario and Massachusetts, southward to Arizona and Florida. 126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer 1024; Brodie, June, 1898; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389; Prosser, Cotton 733. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) Gray, Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856. Koeleria pennsylvanica DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 117. 1813. Type Locaity: ‘“ Penn.” Rance: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Georgia and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 61; Steptoe, Vasey 63; Usk, Kreager 358; Toppenish, Cotton 802. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. KOELERIA. 1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. Syn. 1: 97. 1805. Aira cristata Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 63. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘Habitat in Angliae, Galliae, Helvetiae siccioribus.” Rance: British Columbia to Athabasca, southward to Arizona, Kansas, and Pennsylvania. _ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1668; Alki Point, Piper, June, 1891; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition; Ophir, Elmer 513; Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache, Whited 1131; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Toppenish, Henderson 2210; Tieton River, Cotton 452; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 411; Klickitat River, Flett 1411; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1110 (a very pubes- cent form); Spokane, Piper 2723; Spokane, Kreager 1 (very pubescent); Clarks Springs, Kreager 70; Pullman, Piper 1757; Elmer 885; Steptoe, Vasey, June, 1900; Walla Walla, Leckenby, May, 1898; Blue Mountains, Horner 492; Kittitas County, Vasey 143; Palouse City, F. D. Cloud, June 22, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species is very variable and a critical revision of the genus may show it to consist of several subspecies. The European forms have been much subdivided in a recent paper by Domin. To several of his segregates he refers American specimens. ERAGROSTIS. Stems creeping; spikelets 10 to 35-flowered .........-.----------+---- 1. EF. hypnoides. Stems erect; spikelets 7 to 10-flowered............-.-.--------------- 2. E. lutescens. 1. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888. Poa hypnoides Lam. Tabl. Encye. 1: 185. 1791. Eragrostis reptans Nees, Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829. Type Locatiry: ‘Ex America merid.” Rance: New England to Washington, south to Florida, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalama, Piper, October, 1901; Almota, Piper 1799; Vancouver, Sheldon 11266; Toppenish, Cotton 794. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 2. Eragrostis lutescens Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 7. 1899. Type Locaity: “Sandy banks of Snake River, Almota, Washington.” Ranace: Washington and Idaho, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Kennewick, /lmer in 1897; Almota, Piper 2624. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. rp & » PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 127 MELICA. Lemmas notched at apex, usually awned. . Awns long. Nerves of the lemma hirsute.......... 2.2. 2.222222-2..------ 1. M. smith. Nerves of the lemma glabrous.................2....-.-.----- 2. M. aristata. Awns short or none...........-.-.-.---..--. 22... Lee eee ee eee 3. M. harfordir. Lemma not notched at apex, awnless. ‘ Apex of lemma long-acuminate..-.-. =) == 2-2). 2 ee 4. M. subulata. Apex of lemma obtuse. Not bulbiferous; spikelets 12 to 16 mm. long................. 5. M. stricta. Bulbiferous; spikelets much shorter. Spikelets shining, slender-peduncled, often nodding; plants not tufted.....-.-2.2.2..22200-02 0222222222222. 6. M. spectabilis. Spikelets dull, erect or ascending; plants tufted. Panicle strict; glumes membranous.................. 7. M. bella. Panicle usually spreading; glumes coriaceous .....-.. . 8. M. fugaz. 1. Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 294. 1888. Avena smithvi Porter; Gray, Man. ed. 3. 640. 1867. Melica retrofracta Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901. TypE Locaity: “Isle Royale, Keewenaw Point, Lake Superior.”’ RanGE: Lake Superior to Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; without locality, Sandberg & Letberg 504; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2334; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 117. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ? 2. Melica aristata Thurb.; Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 103. 1870. Type Locatity: “Loose soil in open woods near Clark’s, 4,000 feet altitude, 1866.” California. Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 73; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 93a. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Melica harfordii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 102. 1870. Type Locatity: “ Wooded hillsides, Santa Cruz road, near Lexington [California], June, 1865.” RanGE: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1936, 1938; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 6; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 3, 288, 17; Lower Cascades, Skamania County, Suksdorf 1188. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3a. Melica harfordii tenuior nom. nov. Melica harfordii minor Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club. 15: 48. 1888, not M. minor Hack. 1881. Type Locaity: Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Howell. RanGeE: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889. 4. Melica spectabilis Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 45. 1885. Melica scabrata Scribner; Piper & Beattie, Fl. Palouse Reg. 25. 1901. RanGE: Eastern Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf'1113; Pullman, Piper 1745; Elmer 833; Mount Rainier Forest Reserve, Flett in 1899. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribner, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1885: 47. 1885. Bromus subulatus Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 358. 1853. a 128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Melica acuminaia Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 4: 104. 1870. Festuca cepacea Philippi, Linnaea 33: 297. 1864-65. Melica cepacea Scribner, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 830: 8. 1901. Type Locauity: Unalaska. Rance: Northern California to Wyoming and Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1937; Seattle, Piper 839, 864; Coupeville Gardner 339; Easton, Henderson 2216; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 47; Blue Mountains, Piper 2560; Lake & Hull 83; Horner 512; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 220. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. 6. Melica bella Piper, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 10. 1800. Melica bulbosa Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 8: 19. 1856, nom. nud., not Melica bulbosa Geyer; Thurb. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 304. 1880. Type Locauity: ‘Rocky ravine, Upper Platte.” Collected by Geyer. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 1182; Whited, May 31, 1899; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 580; Upper Atanum River, Henderson 2214; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Wenache, G. R. Vasey, July, 1889; Baensburg, Piper 2616; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 167; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 239. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Melica bella intonsa, subsp. nov. Leaves and culms covered with a dense short reflexed pubescence. Rance: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 103, June, 1902 (type). 7a. Melica fugax madophylla, subsp. nov. Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 61 (type), 78, 16, 5; without locality Wilkes Expedition; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 9, 93. MELICA BROMOIDEsS Gray is included in Suksdorf’s List, but there is no evidence that the species occurs in Washington. PLEUROPOGON. 1. Pleuropogon refractum (A. Gray) Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 13?: pl. 69. 1893. Lophochlaena refracta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 409. 1872. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, E7mer 1931; Piper; Seattle, Piper 886; Nisqually Valley, Allen 40; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 734; White River, Vasey 360. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Canadian. DACTYLIS. 1. Dactylis glomerata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753. ORCHARD GRASS. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae cultis ruderatis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 224. POA. BLUEGRAss. Annual; lemma without cobwebby hairs at base...................- 1. P. annua. Perennial. Plants with creeping rootstocks. Stem flattened, 2-edged; panicles small........-.------.---- 2. P. compressa. Stem cylindric. Lemma, webbed, that is, with a tuft of long hairs at the base. PIPER—FLORA OF THE Dioecious, seashore plant; spikelets 10 to 15 mm. long....----- 2222-22-22 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 3. P. macrantha. Perfect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long.........-.-.--- 4. P. pratensis. Lemma not webbed. Low seashore plant with narrow involute leaves and small panicle..............----2------------- 5. P. confinis. Taller grasses, not maritime, with flat or folded leaves. Florets loose; ligule very short, ciliate; lat- eral nerves of lemma prominent... ....--- - 6. P. nervosa. Florets close; ligule rather long, not. ciliate; lateral nerves of lemma not prominent -. -- - 7. P. olneyae. Plants tufted, without rootstocks. Lateral nerves of lemmas prominent; web present. .....-- - 8. P. trivialis. Lateral nerves of lemmas not prominent. Web present at base of lemma. Leaves flat or folded, not soft and flaccid. Panicle short, pyramidal; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; low alpine plant...........-.------- 9. P. arctica. Panicle ample, spreading; spikelets 3 to 4mm. long...-..---- ...-.--- 10. P. triflora. Leaves flat, rather short, soft and flaccid. Panicle lax, spreading: spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long; florets not early deciduous. . . 11. P. leptocoma. Panicle narrow, the rays usually erect; florets early deciduous. Lemma glabrous, or nearly so.......---- 12. P. bolanderi. Lemma pubescent... ..-.-.-.-.--------- 13. P. howellit. Web absent, no tuft of hairs at base of lemma. Nerves of the lemma pilose below. Alpine plant; leaf blades flat, green, broad.... 14. P. alpina. Maritime plant; leaf blades narrow or folded, glaucescent..........----------+--------- 15. P. pachypholis. Nerves of lemma not pilose. Stems coarse, 60 to 100 em. high. Leaves flat, rarely involute, green or rarely glaucescent; panicles ample. Ligules long. Panicle compact, lemmas sca- brous........---.----------- 16. P. canbyi. Panicle looser; lemmas pubes- cent...........-..--.-.-.--- 17. P. leckenbyi. Ligules short; panicle loose seeeeee- 18. P. ampla. Leaves narrow, involute, pale; panicles narrow, erect. Ligules short...........----------- 19. P. brachyglossa. Ligules long..........-.----------- 20. P. nevadensis. Stems not coarse nor tall, usually under 60 cm. in height. Leaves very narrow, filiform and involute. Panicles loose. Florets distant; ligule short... . 28. P. idahoensis. Florets close; ligule long... - -- - 29. P. capillarifolia. 29418- -06 m STATE OF WASHINGTON, 129 130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Panicles close. Lemmas scabrous; leaves very scabrous. ......-...--------- 30. P. cottoni. Lemmas smooth; leaves smooth. 31. P. cusickii. Leaves not filiform. Stems low, 5 to 20 cm. high; grasses of the highest mountains. Leaves soft; panicle purple, very short; plants 5 to 10 em. high. 32. P. lettermani. Leaves rather rigid; panicle pale, narrow, elongated; plant 10 to 20 em. high........2........ 33. P. suksdorpi. Stems taller, usually 20 to 40 cm. high; mostly grasses of rupestrine habitat. Panicle close, erect; leaves flat. Lemmas pubescent at base; leaves rather narrow, some- times folded. ........---- 21. P. sandbergii. Lemmas glabrous; leaf blades broader. Leaf blades soft... .. . 22. P. paddensis. Leaf blades firm, very short............-.- 23. P. curtifolia. Panicles loose; leaves narrow, flat or involute. Ligules of the sterile shoots obsolete; of the culm leaves short and truncate... ... 24. P. Ligules well developed on all the leaves. Low plants 5 to 10 cm. high; panicle small, with divaricate rays and few spikelets... . 25. P. vaseyochloa. Taller; 10 to 30 cm. high; — panicle less spreading, with many spikelets. Panicle loose; glumes thin, blades involute.. 26. P. gracillima. Panicle close; glumes firm, blades flat...... 27. P. saxatilis. w multnomae. 1. Foa annua L. Sp. Pl. 1: 68. 1753. Type Locatity: “Habitat in Europa ad vias.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Ellensburg, Piper 2617; Vasey 181; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Southbend, Spillman, August 17, 1899; Steptoe, Vasey 1; Pullman, Piper 2769. Abundantly introduced, but in some localities apparently native. 2. Poa compressa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 69. 1753. CANADA BLUEGRASS. TYPE Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae et Americae septentrionalis siccis, muris, tectis.”’ PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 131 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2605; Ellensburg, Piper 2618; Steptoe, Vasey 50; Colfax, Vasey 60. , 3. Poa macrantha Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 11. 1888. Type Locariry: “At the mouth of the Columbia River.’ Collected by Howell. RanGE; Seacoast of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 335; Clallam County, Elmer 1923; West- port, Henderson 2243; Heller 3944. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Poa pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS. Type Locatity: “ Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1922, 1920; near Montesano, Heller 3866; White River, Vasey 125; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 124; Sunnyside, Cotton 375; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Steptoe, Vasey 21; Colfax, Vasey, June 20, 1900; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893. 5. Poa confinis Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 18°: pl. 75. 1893. Poa abbreviata R. Br. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 312. 1880. Type Locaity: Tillamook Bay, Oregon, according to label on type specimen. Col- lected by Howell. RanGeE: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson 2245; Port Angeles, Piper 2308; Clallam County, Elmer 1921; Port Discovery, Wilkes Expedition; Port Orchard, Piper; Johns Island, Lawrence 200; Ilwaco, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 18?: pl. 87. 1893. Festuca nervosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 251. 1840. Type Locatiry: “ Nutka Sound.’ Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 7. Poa olneyae Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899. TYPE LocaLiry: Spokane, Washington. RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1358; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 10: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 160; Cleveland, Suksdorf 109; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 9: Mount Stuart, Eimer 1159; Atanum River, Henderson 2226; Upper Naches River, Henderson 2235; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2295, 2820; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 467, 468, 444; Whited 672; Cotton 1262, 1627, 1658. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species is near P. wheeler’ Vasey and our plant has been referred to that species. 8. Poa trivialis L. Sp. PI. 1: 67. 1753. RovuGH MEADOW GRASS. Tyre Locauiry: “Habitat in Kuropae pascuis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July 5, 1897; Puyallup, Piper 3927, 3928. 9. Poa arctica R. Br. Suppl. to App. Parry’s Voy. 288. 1824. Type Locatity: Melville Island. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 46; Piper 1966. Both these collections were distributed as Poa lava Haenke. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 10. Poa triflora Gilib. Exerc. Phyt. 2: 531. 1792. Poa serotina Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 83. 1791, nom. nud. TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Oregon, Nebraska, and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2810, 2604; Montesano, Heller 4016; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 1452; Ophir, Elmer 517; Spokane, Piper, August 7, 1898; Clarks Springs, Areager 52; Usk, Kreager 362; Steptoe, Vasey 61. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 11. Poa leptocoma Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 374. 1830. Type Locaity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Washington. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 835; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Lie- berg 806; Klickitat River, Cotton i451; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 108; Atanum River, Hen- derson 2230; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 470; Cotton 1308; Clallam County, Elmer 1919. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. All the Washington specimens that have been referred to Poa reflera belong to P. lep- tocoma. 12. Poa bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882. Tyre Locauity: California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Horner 489, 490. 12a. Poa bolanderi chandleri (Davy). Poa howellii chandleri Davy, Univ. Cal. Bot. Publ. 1: 60. 1902. Type Locaity: “Shackleford Cafion, near Marble Mt., Siskiyou County,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2558; Horner 651, 652; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 13. Poa howellii Vasey & Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 137: pl. 78. 1893. Type Locauity: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1924; Seattle, Piper 963, 962; Smith 962; without locality, Suksdorf. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 14. Poa alpina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 67. 1753. TyPE LocaLity: ‘Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and Quebec. Asia. Europe SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 675. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 15. Poa pachypholis Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905. Type Loca.ity: “Ilwaco, Washington, on cliffs wet by the ocean spray, June 22, 1904.” Not otherwise known. 16. Poa canbyi (Scribn.) Glyceria canbyi Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club 11: 77. 1883. Atropis canbyi Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 580. 1896. Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Tweedy and by Bran- degee. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 819; Cascade Mountains Tweedy; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1708. 17. Poa leckenbyi Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire, 9: 2. 1899. TyPE LocaLity: Scott, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Leckenby. Rance: Washington. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 133 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Scott, Leckenby; near Eltopia, Cotton 1019. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 18. Poa ampla Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902. Poa laeviculmis Williams, Bot. Gaz. 86: 55. 1903. TYPE LocaLiry: Steptoe, Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Henderson 2224; Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893: Wawawai, Leckenby 3000; Piper 2567; Spokane, Piper, May, 1897; near North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1127; Douglas County, Spillman, May 1896; Pullman, Piper 1755; Elmer 173. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 19. Poa brachyglossa Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 145. 1905. Type LocaLiry: Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 80; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 1; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 432; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 484; Brewster, Grif- fiths & Cotton 260, 264; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 421; Grand Coulee, Griffiths Cotton 449; Coulee City, Piper 3916, 3917, 3918; Cold Creek, Cotton 402; Colville Reserva- tion, Gr iffiths & Cotton 401, 374, 396; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 512, 536, 518, 548; Wawa- wal, Piper 3955, 4127. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 20. Poa nevadensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 11: 66. 1883. Type LocaLiry: Arizona, according to the type specimen. Rance: Washington to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 2831. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 21. Poa sandbergii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 276. 1893. Aira brevifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 76. 1814, not Poa brevifolia Gaud. 1808. Poa incurva Scribn. & Williams, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 6. 1899. Type Locatiry: Lewiston, Idaho. RancGeE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 115; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 66, 99; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 170, 173; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 208; Con- conully, Griffiths & Cotton 305; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1929; Washtucna, Cotton 979; Waitsburg, Horner 501; Steptoe, Vasey 8, 13, 7, 11, 14, 67; Rock Creek, Cotton 953; Saint Johns, Cotton 963; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1989. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Arid Transition. All of the Washington specimens that have been called Poa tenuifolia Nutt. or Poa buckleyana Nash are referable to P. sandbergii. 22. Poa paddensis Williams, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 17 rev. ed.: 261. 1901. Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz, 6: 297. 1881, not Spreng. 1819. TyPE Locauity: “On Mt. Hood, Oregon.” Collected by Howell . Range: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1915; Flett 831; Elmer 1925, 1927, 1930; Bridge Creek, Elmer 675; Mount Rainier, Allen 184; Piper 1967; Atanum River, Henderson 2244; Mount Adams, Howell 83; Suksdorf 158, 159. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 23. Poa curtifolia Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Circ. 16: 3. 1899. Type Loca.ity: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1148; Yakima Region, Tweedy in 1882. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 24. Poa multnomae Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 435. 1905. Sporobolus bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 337. 1896, not Poa bolanderi Vasey, 1882. Tyre LocaLity: Multnomah Falls, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4902; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 77. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 25. Poa vaseyochloa Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 1. 1899. Poa pulchella Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 1882, not Salish. 1796. Type tocauiry: “On the Columbia river, from near the river bank to the summit of the hills,’ Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 2; Columbia River, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1; Mountains, Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 28, 1881. 26. Poa gracillima Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 272. 1893. Type Locauiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGce: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 33: Howell 86, 87; Henderson 2229; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1153. 27. Poa saxatilis Scribn. & Williams, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 1. 1899, Type Locauity: “Mt. Rainier, Washington, altitude 2100 meters.” Rance: Washington to California, in the mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1993, 983; Elmer 1928; Flett 834, 97: Mount Rainier, Piper 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964; Mount Stuart, E/mer 1154, 1155; Blue Moun- tains, Piper 2555, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 28. Poa idahoensis Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 539. 1896. Poa filifolia Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893, not Schur. 1866, Poa scabrifolia Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897. Poa spillmani Piper, Erythea 7: 102. 1899. Tyre Locatiry: Hatwai Creek, Nez Perces County, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, (riffiths d& Cotton 94; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 29. Poa capillarifolia Scribn. & Williams, U. 5S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 9: 1. 1899. Type Locatiry: California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2238; Ellensburg, Piper 2614, 2615; opposite Clarkston, Hunter 42. ZONAL DistripuTION: Arid Transition. 30. Poa cottoni Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 146. 1905. Typre Locauity: Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima County, Washington. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 557; Griffiths & Cotton 4, 20: Kahlotus, Cotton 1010. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 31. Poa cusickii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 271. 1893. Tyre Locauiry: Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington and Oregon. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 135 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2246; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 94; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 164, 172; Naches River, Henderson 2233. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 32. Poa lettermani Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 273. 1893. Type LocALITY: Gray Peak, Colorado. RanaE: Washington to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1968, 1969; Flett 267. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 33. Poa suksdorfii (Beal) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 574. 1896. Atropis suksdorfii Beal, loc. cit. Type Locatiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to Colorado? SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 183, Piper 1965; Mount Adams, Flett 1399, Henderson 2227, Suksdorf 1116; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1147. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Poa sTENANTHA Trin. is reported in Hooker's Flora as collected on Mount Rainier by Tolmie. No recent collections made in Washington seem referable to this Alaskan species, though its occurrence would not be surprising. Poa cagsta Smith and Poa Nemorauis L. both appear in Suksdorf’s list, but we have seen no specimens that can be so referred. DISTICHLIS. 1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 415. 1887. SALTGRASS. Uniola spieata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 71. 1753. Distichlis maritima Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 104 1819. Distichlis spicata lara Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 519. 1896. Distichlis spicata stricta Se ibn. Mem. Torr, Club 5: 51, 1894. Poa borealis Wook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 245. 1840. Brizopyrum boreale Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830. Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Americae borealis maritimis.”’ Rance: In saline soils throughout the United States. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 508; Olympics, Elmer 1667; Seattle, Piper 809; Tacoma, Flett 133; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 106; Piper 3911; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiherg, July, 1863; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Douglas County, Spill- man, May, 1896; State of Washington, Sandberg & Leiberg 463; Parker, A. D. Dunn; Kit- _titas County, Vasey 58; Lake Omack, Griffiths & Cotton 372. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ‘Upper Sonoran to Transition. FESTUCA. Ferscur. Annuals; stamen usually one. Spikelets densely 8 to 13-flowered .........-. 22-22-5222 -- =. ----- 1. F. octoflora. Spikelets loosely 1 to 5, rarely 6-flowered. Branches of the short panicle divergent. Spikelets not at all pubescent. ..-....-.-...-.--------- 2. fF. pacifica. Spikelets more or less pubescent. Lemma glabrous; glumes hirsute. ....-.--..-.----- 3. I. confusa. Lemma hirsute; glumes glabrous. ........-........ 4. F. eriolepis. Branches of the elongated panicle erect or appressed. First glume 4 to $ as long as the second; lemma ciliate... 5. F’, megalura. First glume 4 to ? as long as the second; Jemma not ciliate. . 6. F°. bromoides. Perennials; stamens three. Plants with narrow involute leaves, usually tufted. 136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Blades at length deciduous from the persisting sheaths... -. - 11. F. hallii. Blades not deciduous from the sheaths. Plant producing short rootstocks or stolons. ............ 7. F’. rubra. Plant not producing rootstocks or stolons. Awns longer than the lemma; ovary hispidulous at APeX.-. 22. ee 8. F. occidentalis. Awns not longer than the lemma; ovary glabrous. Leaves closely involute, firm; awns usually well developed... - 22.222 ne eee eee 9. F. ovina. Leaves closely involute; awns very short, or none... 2.22222... ee eee 10. F. viridula. Plants with flat broad leaves, not densely tufted. Lemma indurated, not at all keeled. .....2. 222... Lecce 12. F. elatior. Lemma membranous, keeled below. Florets stipitate at base... 2-2-2222. 2. 13. F. subuliflora. Florets not stipitate at base... 22.22.22... we ee eee eee 14. F. subulata. _ 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. Fl. Car. 81. 1788. Festuca tenella Willd. Sp. P1. 1: 419. 1797. TyPE LocaLity: Carolina. Rance: Throughout most of temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wilson Creek, Sand- berg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Wenache, Whited, July, 1896; Columbia River, 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2193; Prosser, Leckenby, May 2, 1898; Sunny- side, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 410; Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Spokane, Leckenby, June 2, 1898; Marshall Junction, Piper 2279: Steptoe, Vasey, May, 1900; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 3; Coulee City, Piper 3914. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 2. Festuca pacifica Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 12. 1906. TYPE Locauity: Pullman, Washington. Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1139; Olympia, Henderson 2176; Wenache, Whited 1228; North Yakima, Henderson 2174; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 472; Pasco, Leckenby, May, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Steptoe, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Lake & Hull 108; Piper 1754; Almota, Piper 1925; Coulee City, Piper 3913. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. This species has commonly been mistaken for the rare Californian F. microstachys Nutt 3. Festuca confusa Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 13. 1906. Type Locauity: West Klickitat County, Washington. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Festuca eriolepis Desy. in Gay, FI. Chil. 6: 428. 1853. Festuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 86: 52. 1903. Type Locaity: Chile. Range: Washington to Nevada and California, Chile. - SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2196; Coulee City, Piper 3915. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 5. Festuca megalura Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 188. 1847. Festuca myuros hirsuta Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 558. 1901. Vulma myuros hirsuta Hack. Cat. Gram. Port. 24. 1888. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 137 Type Locauity: “Santa Barbara, Upper California.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. Argentina. Chile. Portugal. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County Filmer, 1914; East Sound, Henderson 2175; Seattle, Piper; Spokane, Leckenby, June, 1898; Pullman, Piper 3062; Steptoe, Vasey 18, 20; Waitsburg, Horner R 231. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Festuca bromoides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. Tyre Locauiry: “ Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California. Introduced from Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1137; Tacoma, Fett; Stuart Island, Lawrence 62, 136; Port Crescent, Lawrence 257. 7. Festuca rubra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 74. 1753. RED FESCUE. Festuca vallicola Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 57. 1900. Type LocaLiry: European. Rance: Subarctic regidns, southward mainly along the seacoasts to California and Vir- ginia, and in the mountains to Colorado. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Fett 40, Piper 2621; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition; Piper 2594; Steptoe, Vasey 39; Pullman, Piper 1930, 3023; Horner 909; Clallam County, Elmer 1912, 1913; Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Port Angeles, Piper 2309; Westport, Henderson 2173; Kitsap County, Piper 848; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Smith, May 29, 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7a. Festuca rubra megastachys Gaud. Fl. Helv. 1: 287. 1828. Festuca oregona Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 2: 126. 1877. Type LocaLity: Switzerland. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1140; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 1147. 7b. Festuca rubra multiflora (Hoffm.) Asch. & Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 499. 1900. Festuca multiflora Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1': 50. 1800. TYPE LOCALITY: Germany. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. Maine. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Suksdorf 119. 7c. Festuca rubra kitaibeliana (Schultes) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 23. 1906. Festuca kitaibeliana Schultes, Mant. 2: 398. 1824. Festuca barbata Schrank, Prim. Fl. Salisb. 46. 1792, not L. 1759. Bromus secundus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 280. 1830. Festuca rubra secunda Scribn. Ann. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 10; 39. 1899. Festuca rubra pubescens Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 607. 1896. Type Locauitry: ‘In Hungaria.” Range: Alaska to Oregon, Wyoming, and New England. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 332; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 167. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This subspecies is easily recognizable by its pubescent lemmas. 8. Festuca occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 249. 1840. Festuca ovina polyphylla Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 597. 1896. - Type Locauity: “Plains and elevated grounds of the Columbia near the sea.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Idaho and British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1915, 1917; Nisqually Valley, Allen 50; Seattle, Smith, May 20, 1889, Piper 834; Lake Chelan, Vasey 65; Skamania County, Fett 1385; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3085; Blue Mountains, Piper 138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2556; Horner 500; Lake & Hull 80; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 482; Fort. Van- couver (ex Hooker); Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 188. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Our plant has been referred to Festuca ovina heterophylla of Europe, which, however, is quite different. 9a. Festuca ovina ingrata Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 598. 1896. BLUE BUNCHGRASS. Festuca ovina oregona Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 599. Festuca vaseyana Hack.; Beal, op. cit. 601. Festuca ovina columbiana Beal, op. cit. 599. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1142; Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2192; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 85, 76; Piper 2410; Ellensburg, Whited 640; Ophir, Elmer 514; Pullman, Piper 1752; Elmer 826; Rock Creek, Piper 2610; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3085; Steptoe, Vasey, in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 68; Spokane, Kreager 41. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9b. Festuca ovina supina (Schur) Hack. Mon. Fest. 88. 1882. Festuca supina Schur, Enum. Pl. Transs. 784. 1866. Type LocaLity: Transylvania. ; Rance: Arctic regions, southward in the mountains to California, Arizona, and New Hampshire. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1985; Elmer 1911; Flett 91, 117; Mount Baker, Flett 868; Mount Rainier, Allen 181; Piper 1960, 1958; Smith 958; Mount Adams, Flett 1400; Klickitat River, Flet# 1362. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This subspecies has commonly been confused with the flaccid-leaved F'. ovina brachy- phylla (Schultes) Piper (F. brevifolia R. Br.) 10. Festuca viridula Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Bot. Bull. 18: ¢. 93. 1893. Festuca gracillima Hook. err. det. Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 318. 1880. Type Locauity: “California.” Rance: Idaho and Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 116, 121; Peshastin, Sandberg Leiberg 693; Mount Rainier, Piper 1959; Mount Adams, Flett 1397; Henderson 2200: Suksdorf 449; Atanum River, Henderson 2191; Mount Rainier, Allen 180; Mount Carlton, Kreager 276, 241; Cascade Mountains, Vasey 407. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 11. Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper, Contr. Nat. Herb. 10: 31. 1906. Melica hallii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. 1881. Festuca scabrella major Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893. TypE LocaLity: Rocky Mountains between latitudes 39° and 41°. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 460; without locality, Vasey 38; Steptoe, Vasey 5; Wenache Region, Vasey 441; Spokane, Suksdorf in 1884; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 165; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotion 353. , ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 12. Festuca elatior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75. 1753. Merapow FrEscur. Type Locatitry: “Habitat in Europae pratis fertilissimis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 1986: Naches River, Henderson 2234: Pullman, Piper 2020; Colfax, Vasey 46. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 139 13. Festuca subuliflora Scribn. in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 2: 396. 1890. Festuca ambiqua Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 277. 1893, not Le Gall. 1852. Festuca denticulata Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 589. 1896. Tyree LocaLity: Goldstream, Vancouver Island. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan County, //enderson 2197; Seattle, Piper in 1889, Olympia, Henderson 2179; Port Crescent, Lawrence 278. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 14. Festuca subulata Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832. Festuca jonesii Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb. 1: 278. 1893. TyPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Range: Alaska to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, £/mer 1916, 1918; Coupeville, Gardner 338; Seattle, Piper 837, 957, 938; Smith, June, 1890; Nisqually Valley, Allen 39; Piper 1981; Harmony, @. Hofer, July 26, 1901; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 504; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Lake & Hull 81; Horner 506; Clarks Springs, Kreager 38; Chelan County, Vasey 5. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. PANICULARIA. Spikelets linear, 10 to 20 mm. long. Flowering glumes scabrid only on the nerves; spikelets 10 to 17 mm. long... 0022-22-22 ee eee eee eee eee 1. P. borealis. Flowering glumes seabrid allover the back; spikelets 16 to 20 mm. long 222 eee eee ee eee 2. P. fluitans. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 2 to 8 mm. long. Flowering glume with 5 prominent nerves ........-.-.-.--------- 3. P. pauciflora. Flowering glume with 7 prominent nerves. Spikelets 3 to 4mm. long .........------------------------ 4. P. nervata. Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long. ......-...----------------------- 5. P. americana. 1. Panicularia borealis Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 348. 1897. Glyceria borealis Piper, F |. Palouse Reg. 27. 1901. Type LocaLiry: Van Buren, Maine. RancGe: New York to California and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Valley of Nisqually, Allen 441; Seattle, Piper 855; Ellensburg, Whited, June 29, 1897; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper 1745; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 701; Vasey 57, 517. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 782. 1891. Festuca fluitans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 75, 1753. Glyceria fluitans R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 179, L810. Panicularia davyi Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145, 1902. Glyceria leptostachya Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 95. 1862. Type Locauiry: European. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to New Jersey, Kentucky, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3982; Quinault River, Lamb 1400; Van- couver, Piper 4905. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The Heller and the Lamb specimens agree with the types Panicularia davyi and Glyceria leptostachya, characterized by having the lemmas puberulent-scabrous and the glumes small and thin. These characters seem to be too variable, however, to accept as specific. 140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Gilyceria pauciflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 257. 1830. Panieularia flaccida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 86: 55. 1903. Panicularia multifolia Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 54. Type Locaiity: “In sinu Nootka.” Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Umer 19389, 1942, 1941; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, in August, 1860; Seattle, Piper 810; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 49; Ellensburg, Whited 686; Vasey 363; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1137; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; near Colfax, Vasey 58; without local- ity, Sandberg & Leiberg 604, 507; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 506; Clallam County, Elmer 1940; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 162. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The original description of Glyceria pauciflora does not apply well to our plant, but the name is here used as commonly applied. An examination of the type will doubtless show it to be different, perhaps not of this genus. 4. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 783. 1891. Poa nervata Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 389. 1797. rlyceria nervata Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 1: 365. 1830. Type Locatiry: “Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 481 and July, 1897; North Yakima, Leck- enby, June 1, 1898; Wilson Creek, Lake dt Hull 95; Spokane County, Suksdorf 105; Spo- kane, Wilkes Expedition; between Colfax and Almota, Brodie; Union Flat, Piper, July 9, 1901; Shotgun Canyon, Palouse River, Vasey, July 1, 1900; eastern Washington, Lake & Hull 373; Davis’ ranch, Kreager 224; Kittitas County, Vasey 126. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Specimens collected by Tweedy and Brandegee and referred by Professor Scribner to Glyceria pallida @ are probably a pale form of P. nervata. As we have not been able to find the specimens this is purely surmise. 4a. Panicularia nervata elata (Nash). Panicularia elata Nash, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 54. 1900. Glyceria latifolia Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902. TYPE Locatity: ‘Sweet Grass Cafion, Crazy Mountains,’ Montana. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Smith 942; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1136; Railroad Creek, Elmer 721; Mount Carlton, Kreager 274. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, especially Humid. 5. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacMillan, Met. Minn. 81. 1892. Poa aquatica americana Torr. F]. U.S. 1: 108. 1824. Glyceria grandis Wats. in Gray, Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890. ‘Type Locauity: Deerfield, Massachusetts. Rance: New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to Tennessee and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Montesano, Heller 4071; Van- couver, Howell 362; Loomis, Elmer 628; Alma, Elmer 534; Ellensburg, Piper 2577; Waits- burg, Horner 229; Lake Chelan, Vasey 523; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 507. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. a Bull. Torr. Club 10:78. 1883. FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 141 PIPER PUCCINELLIA. Panicle narrow, its base usually inclosed in the upper sheath, erect or the short lower branches sometimes divergent ........------------------ 1. P. angustata. Panicle well exserted, the branches becoming divaricate or reflexed._.._.-- - 2. P. distans. 1. Puccinellia angustata (R. Br.) Nash, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 512, 1895, Poa angustata R. Br. App. Parry’s Voyage 287. 1824. Glyceria pumila Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48, 1888. Poa nutkaensis Presi, Rel. Haenk. 1: 272. 1830. Type Locatiry: Melville Island. RANGE: Seacoasts, arctic regions south to Oregon and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1027. 2. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. Fl. Ital. 1: 367. 1848. Poa distans L. Mant. 1: 32. 1767. Type Locauiry: ‘Habitat in Austria.” RANGE: Seacoasts; subarctic regions south to Oregon and New Jersey. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper 2590; Wenas, Griffiths & Colton 102, 73; Seattle, Piper 1451; Clallam County, Elmer 1910. None of the above specimens are typical P. distans, but in the present confusion of the genus they are tentatively so referred. BROMUS. Brome Grass. Spikelets strongly flattened. Awns less than 7 mm. long. Leaves linear, somewhat involute, pilose.......-.-.-.------ 1. B. subvelutinus Leaves linear-lanceolate, flat, not pilose. .......----------- 2. B. marginatus. Awns more than 7 mm. long. Panicle very broad, the longest rays 15 to 25 cm. long, droop- Ing... 2-2 ee ee ee ee eee ee eee 3. B. sitchensis. Panicle large but the rays not drooping. ......------------ 4. B. carinatus. Spikelets subterete, not strongly flattened. Native perennials mostly with loose and drooping panicles; lemma usually more or less long-hairy. Rays of the panicle not drooping. Panicle branches spreading, stiff; lemma scabrous or short-pubescent over the back...........-.-.------- 5. B. orcuttianus. Panicle short and erect; lemma pubescent on the sides.. 6. B. suksdorfii. Rays of the panicle drooping. Plant with rootstocks........-...-.----------------- 7. B. laevipes. Plants without rootstocks. Lemma evenly pubescent. Panicle large, heavy; culms stout... 2.2... --- 8. B. pacificus. ? d Panicle small; culms slender... ..-.--------- 9. B. eximius. Lemma unevenly pubescent ......--------------- 10. B. richardsoni. Introduced annuals or biennials. Awns much longer than the body of the narrow lemma. tnd “ Lemma pubescent; awns 13 to 15 mm. long. ..--.----- 14. B. tectorum. Lemma not pubescent. Awns 35 to 45 mm. long...........------------- 11. B. maximus. ne Awns less than 30 mm. long. Panicle a dense head-like cluster. .......-.--- 12. B. rubens. Panicle loose.......-.-------- ee eee eee ee eee 13. B. sterilis. 142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Awns shorter than or scarcely exceeding the broad Jemma. Awns minute or wanting... 2. ...2202.-2.-.-.-.------- 15. B. brizaeformis. Awn well developed. Panicle dense, small... .. 2.2... 222.-222-.-2------ 16. B. hordeaceus. Panicle loose, open. Awn twisted and divarieate.......-.-...----- 17. B. japonicus. Awn straight. Margins of the lemma inrolled in fruit... _ - 18. B. secalinus. Margins of the lemma not inrolled in fruit. 19. B. racemosus. 1. Bromus subvelutinus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23 : 52. 1900. Type LocaLiry: Reno, Nevada. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Hunter 596. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Bromus marginatus Nees; Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 322. 1854. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Douglas legit ad fluv. Columbia, St. Louis.’ This is some undeter- mined point on the Columbia River. RanGE: British Columbia to Arizona and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2607; Whidby Island, Gardner 329; Wenache Lake, Vasey 103; Wenache, Whited 4; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1359; Skamania County, Flett 1391; Klickitat River, Flett 1391; Ellensburg, Whited 440; Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 448; Tieton River, Cotton 484; Blue Mountains, Piper, 2565, July 15, 1896; Salmon River, Horner 511; Cold Creek, Cotton 401; Steptoe, Vasey in 1901; Walla Walla, Shear 1593; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 174; Yakima, Leckenby in 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mostly. This species has commonly but erroneously been called B. breviaristatus Hook. 2a. Bromus marginatus seminudus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900. _ Type Locauiry: “On open mountain side 5 miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon.’ Collected by Shear. Range: Washington to Montana, south to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Olympic Mountains, Piper 1990; Elmer 1956; Montesano, Heller 3979. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 2b. Bromus marginatus latior Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 55. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘Walla Walla, Washington.’ Collected by Shear. Rance: Washington to Wyoming, south to New Mexico and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, E/mer 1958; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Steptoe, Vasey 23; Pullman, Piper 1738; Walla Walla, Shear 1615. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Bromus sitchensis Trin. in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 173. 1832. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Rance: Washington to Alaska along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant, in 1889; Seattle, Piper 3014, 3013; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Cascade Mountains, Lyall, in 1859. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 403. 1841. Bromus hookerianus minor Scribner; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 614. 1896. Tyre Locaity: California. RANGE: California to Washington and Idaho. é PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 143 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 260; Seattle, Piper, May 30, 1890, 818 in part; Tacoma, Leckenby, in 1898; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 65; Walla Walla, Shear 1579; Almota, Piper 3561; Wawawai, Piper 3552; Horner 915; Walla Walla, Shear 1579; Tacoma, Leckenby in 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 4a. Bromus carinatus hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bull. Agrost. 23: 60. 1900, Bromus hookerianus Thurb. in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 493. 1874, not Wiegel. 1772. Ceratochloa grandiflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 253. 1840. Bromus virens Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1862, not Nees. 1829. Type Locauity: ‘Plains of the Columbia”, according to the original description. “Upland dry soils on the Multoonah [i. e., the Willamette], 1826”, according to ticket on type specimen, collected by Douglas. RANGE: California to Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper S18; Lyle, f°. W. Magan; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 16. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Bromus orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885. Type Locauity: “ Near San Diego”’, California. Rance: South California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 172; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 120. 6. Bromus suksdorfii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 223. 1885. Type LocaLiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGe: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 620, 74. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Bromus laevipes Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 28: 45. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘On the Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Washington.” RanGeE: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 178. 8. Bromus pacificus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 28: 38. 1900. Bromus magnificus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 53. 1903. Tyre Locauity: “In moist thickets near the seashore south of Seaside, Oregon.” Rance: Oregon to Alaska along the coast. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803; Clallam County, Elmer 1957; Granville, Conard 343. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 9. Bromus eximius (Shear). Bromus vulgaris eximius Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 28: 44. 1900. Bromus ciatus glaberrumus Suksdor{, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 93. 1901. TYPE LocALity: “Moist, open mountain side + miles above Wallowa Lake, Oregon.” Collected by Shear. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Atanum River, //enderson, August 2, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2335. 9a. Bromus eximius robustus (Shear). Bromus vulgaris robustus Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 28: 44. 1900. Type LocaLity: ‘In moist thickets near the seashore, Seaside, Oregon.’’ Collected by Seribner and Shear. Rance: Oregon to British Columbia and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 946; Montesano, Heller 3999; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 176. 144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9b. Bromus eximius umbraticus nom. nov. Bromus vulgaris Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 43. 1900, not Bromus purgans vulgaris Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 252. 1840, nor B. secalinus vulgaris Koch, Syn. 819. 1837. Type Locauity: Collected in the upper Nisqually Valley, Washington, by Allen (no. 41). Rance: California to British Columbia, east to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1961, 1960; Seattle, Piper 945, 946; Tacoma, Flett 74; Nisqually Valley, Allen 41; Blue Mountains, Piper 2563; Lake & Hull 79; Horner 513, 514; Clarks Springs, Kreager 57; Tacoma, Leckenby; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 177; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 175. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species was formerly confused with B. ciliatus L., which is not known from within our limits. 10. Bromus richardsonii pallidus (Hook.) Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 34. 1900. Bromus purgans pallidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 252. 1840. Tyre Locauity: “Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains.” Ranae: Nebraska to Nevada and northward to the Arctic. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, E/mer; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 3803; White River, Vasey 378; Loomis, Elmer 559. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian or Hudsonian. 11. Bromus maximus Desf. Fl. Atl. 1: 95. 1800. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Hab. in arvis,’’ Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Leckenby, June 2, 1898. lila. Bromus maximus gussoni Parl. Fl. Ital. 1: 407. 1848. Bromus gussoni Parl. Rar. Pl. Sic. 2: 8. 1840. TYPE LOCALITY: Sicily. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Piper, July, 1897; Leckenby in 1898. 12. Bromus rubens L. Cent. Pl. 1: 5. 1755. Type Locauiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 5077. 13. Bromus sterilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753. TYPE LocALITy: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2554; Stuart Island, Lawrence 169: Walla Walla, Shear 1616. 14. Bromus tectorum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 77. 1753. TYPE LocALITy: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pasco, Elmer 1047; Pullman, Piper, July 4, 1899; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 191; Wallula, Cotton 1066. 15. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 30. 1837. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘In montibus Taliisch.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union Gap, Yakima River, Cotton 430; Waitsburg, Horner 563; Steptoe, Vasey 53; Almota, Piper 1739; Wawawai, Piper 1739; Pullman, Piper 1739; Elmer 876. 16. Bromus hordeaceus L. Sp. PI. 1: 77. 1753. Bromus mollis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1. 112. 1762. TYPE LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Paper 796; Steptoe, Vasey 22; Almota, Piper 3562; Pullman, Elmer 878 in part; Paper, May, 1894, June 21, 1901; Prosser, Cotton 1110; Walla Walla, Shear 1585; Tacoma, Leckenby in 1898. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 145 16a. Bromus hordeaceus glabrescens (Coss.) Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 23: 20. 1900. Bromus mollis glabrescens Coss. Fl. Descr. Par. 654, 1845, Type Locauity: Paris, France. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cold Creek, Cotton 495; Kittitas County, Vasey 74; Pullman Elmer 878 in part. 17. Bromus japonicus Thunb. Fl. Jap. 52. ¢. 11. 1784. Bromus patulus Mert. & Koch in R6hl. Deutsch]. Fl. 1: 685. 1823. Type Locaity: Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Prosser, Cotton 1111. 18. Bromus secalinus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 1753. CHEAT. ‘Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae agris secalinis arenosis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1987; Fort Colville, Lyall, August, 1860; Steptoe, Vasey 45, 48; Waitsburg, Horner 521. 19. Bromus racemosus commutatus (Schrad.) Hook. f. Stud. Fl. Brit. Isl. 451. 1870. Bromus commutatus Schrad. FI]. Germ. 353. 1806. TYPE LOCALITY: Germany. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 1959; Montesano, Heller 3983; Seattle Piper 944; Pullman, Elmer 886; Piper 3926. SPARTINA. Plant stout; spikelets 12 to 14 mm. long...........-.-.-.------------- 1. S. pectinata. Plant slender; spikelets 6 to 9 mm. long...............-.-.-.--------- 2. 8. gracilis. 1. Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb. 1°: 92. 1820. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Aus Nordamerika.”’ Rance: Nova Scotia to Washington, south to New Jersey, Indian Territory, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Almota, Piper 2372; Kalis- pel Lake, Kreager 339 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Transition. This species has commonly been known as Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Michx., but the type of Dactylis cynosuroides is the species known as Spartina polystachya Michx. 2. Spartina gracilis Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 6°: 110. 1840. Tyre Locauity: “Amer. Bor.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to North Dakota and Kansas. SPpECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 891; Coulee City, Henderson 2248, Piper 3910; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 248; Silver Lake, Henderson 2248; without locality, Brandegee 1152; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 266; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 450; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 418. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. BECKMANNIA. 1. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. Gram. Austr. 3: 5. 1805. Phalaris erucaeformis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Siberia, Russia, Europa australi.” RanGeE: Ontario to British Columbia, south to Iowa, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 587; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1750; Union Flat, Whitman County, Lake & Hull 109; Steptoe, Vasey 62; Ellens- burg, Vasey 495; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 519. ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition. 29418—06 m——10 146 CAPRIOLA. 1. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 764. 1891. Panicum dactylon Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 58. 1753. Cynodon dactylon Pers. Syn. 1: 85. 1805. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Hab. in Europa australi.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897. SCRIBNERIA. 1. Scribneria bolanderi (Thurb.) Hackel, Bot. Gaz. 11: 105. 1886. Lepturus bolandert Thurb. Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 401. 1868. ‘ Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Dry gravelly soil, Russian River Valley, California. Bolander. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Major Creek, Suksdorf 913. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. LOLIUM. Glumes equaling or exceeding the spikelet without the awns.......... 1. Glumes shorter than the spikelet _....__. - Lee ee ee eee ee eee 2. 1. Lolium temulentum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753. Type Locaity: ‘‘Habitat in Europae agris inter Hordeum, Linum.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 794. 2. Lolium perenne L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘Habitat in Europa ad agrorum versuras solo fertili.”” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 786; Montesano, Heller 3981. AGROPYRON. WHEAT GRASS. Plants densely tufted, seldom producing stolons. Glumes awnless. Spikelets flattened, somewhat remote... -._...-.- 22... 1. Spikelets subterete, close. Lemmas long-awned........... 2.222222 2-2 eee 2. Lemmas awnless, or very short-awned. Spikes slender, 5 to 20 cm. long; lower glume 5-nerved — 3. Spikes short, 2 to 7 cm. long; lower glume 3-nerved_ 4. Glumes awned. Awns short; glumes lanceolate. -..-.-. 2-2-2022. .ee 5. Awns long; glumes subulate. Spike dense; herbage pubescent _...... 22.02.22 - =. Spike loose; herbage glabrous... ..-.-.. 2-2-2222. 7. Plants not tufted, producing abundant stolons. Lemma hairy. Spike rather dense; lemmas villous..............22.-.-.--- Spike loose, elongate; lemmas puberuleni Lemma not hairy, usually glabrous. Leaves scabrous on both sides....-....-. 2222.22.22... 10. Leaves smooth beneath, pubescent above.................. 11. 1. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. WHEAT BUNCHGRASS. 4:33. 1897. Festuca spicata Pursh, Fl. 1: 83. 1814. Agropyron divergens Nees in Steud. Syn. Plant. Glum. 1: 347. 1854. ” CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. BERMUDA GRASS. Collected by . temulentum. L. perenne. PERENNIAL RYEGRA SS. K eG . spicatum. hy oe . richardsonii. . teneruim. biflorum. . gmelini. ). A. saxicola. A. fleruosum. . subvillosum. . lanceolatum. . occidentale. A, repens. Agrost. Bull. PLATE XIX. PLATE XIX, BUNCHGRASS ‘AGROPYRON SPICATUM) GROWING ON BASALT OUTCROPPINGS, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 147 Type Locauity: Type collected by Lewis June 10, 1806, then at ‘Camp Chopunnish,” opposite Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, 1147; Ellensburg, Whited 650; Yakima, Hen- derson 2140; Skamania County, Flett 1383; Tieton River, Cotton 451; Steptoe, Vasey 36; Pullman, Piper 1760; Blue Mountains, Sandberg & Leiberg 583; Lake & Hull 77; Horner 519, 515; Piper 2562; Almota, Piper 1753; Wawawai, Elmer 750; Piper 1911, 3001, 3954 3960, 3525. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. For illustration of a bunchgrass prairie see Plate XI, facing page 48. , la. Agropyron spicatum inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Heller, Cat.N.A. Pl. ed. 2.3. 1900. Agro pyron divergens inerme Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 27.1897. Agropyron vaseyt Scribn. & Smith, loc. cit. Type Loca.iry: “ British Columbia to Utah and Idaho.” Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1231, 1265; Wenache, Whited 1376; Stehekin, Whited 1395; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Waits- burg, Horner 235, 234; Lake Chelan, Vasey 169; Spokane, Piper 2612; Pullman, Piper 1913; Wawawai, Piper 1916, 30044, 3962; Elmer 753; Almota, Piper 1915; Big Meadow, Kreager 419; Whitman County, Henderson 2132. The last-named specimen is the type of Agropyron vaseyi Seribn. & Smith. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 1b. Agropyron spicatum puberulentum nom. nov. Agropyron spicatum pubescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 1903, not Triticum repens pubes- cens Doll. Fl. Bad. 129. 1857. Tyre Locauiry: Mount Stuart, Kittitas County, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, A/mer 1157, 1158. 2. Agropyron richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad.; Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 29. 1897. Triticum richardsoni Trin. Linnaea 12: 467. 1838. Type Loca.iry: ‘“ America borealis arctica ?”’ Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to the Black Hills and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 340; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 511; Yakima Ridge, Coffon 1411; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1329. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species is exceedingly close to A. caninum Roem. & Schult., to which indeed some of the specimens may be referable. 3. Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 258. 1885. Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34. 1897. Type LocaLity: Fort Garland, Colorado, according to the label of the type specimen. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to New England, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 679; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; Piper 2844; Johns Island, Cotton 208; Seattle, Piper, June 20, 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 667; Toppenish, Cotton 793; Prosser, Cotton 744; Squaw Creek, Cotton 878; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 509, 533; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 293; Olympia to Gate City, Heller 4059; Ellensburg, Piper 2587; Yakima, Watt, July, 1895; Spokane, Piper 2595; Henderson, July, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2139; Pullman, Piper 1910. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 4. Agropyron biflorum (Brign.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 760. 1817. Agropyron biflorum Brign. Pl. Rar. Foroj. 18. 1810. Tyre Locauiry: Not ascertained. 148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bridge Creek, Elmer 676. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. 5. Agropyron gmelini (Griseb.) Scribn. & Smith, U. 5. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 30. 1897. Triticum caninum gmelini Griseb, in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 16. pl. 248. 1831. Tyre vocauiry: “ Hab in rupestribus ad fl. Tscharysch, Buchtorma, Katunja.” Rance: Washington to Montana and Nebraska. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Suksdorf 1167. This specimen is probably a mere form of A. spicatum with short basal leaves and short- awned empty glumes. It has much less scabrous lemmas than A. gmelini of Siberia, which plant, in typical form at least, does not seem to occur in America. 6. Agropyron saxicola (Scribn. & Smith). Elymus saxicola Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 56. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Among bowlders and rocky crevices on the summit of Mount Chapaca, altitude 1,900 meters,’’ Okanogan County, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Known only from the type locality. 7. Agropyron flexuosum Piper, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 149. 1905. Sitanion flecuosum Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899. Type LocaLity: Wawawai, Washington. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Leckenby 88; Piper 3004, 3965, 3967; Wenache Moun- tains, Cotton 1671, 1758. ' 8. Agropyron subvillosum (Hook). Triticum repens subvillosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 254. 1840. Agropyron dasystachyum subvillosum Seribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897. Type LOcALITY: ‘Fort Norman on the Mackenzie River.” Rance: Saskatchewan to Washington, Nevada, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2585; Whited 680; Klickitat County, Leckenby, May, 1898; Connell, Leckenby 2622; Toppenish, Henderson 2137; Pasco, Henderson 2171; Parker, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Lake Chelan, Vasey 530; Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 1035; Prosser, Cotton 634; Kiona, Cotton 719; North Yakima, Watt 2271. ZONAL DISTRIEUTION: Upper Sonoran. 9. Agropyron lanceolatum Scribn.& Smith, U. 5. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 34. 1897. Agropyron elmeri Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 54. 1898. Tyre Locatity: Blackfoot, Idaho. Collected by Palmer. Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited in 1895; Lake Chelan, Vasey 81; Chelan, Vasey 287; below Chelan, Griffiths &: Cotton 154; Ophir, Elmer 523; Palouse, Cloud, June 22, 1895; Wawawai, Brodie 894; Piper 3006, 3069, 3964; Elmer 759. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 10. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 9. 1900. BLUESTEM. Agropyron glaucum occidentale Scribn. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 9: 119. 1885. Agropyron spicatum Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 33. 1897, not Festuca spicata Pursh. 1814. Tyre Locauity: Kansas. Range: Washington to Wisconsin, Texas, and Arizona. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 149 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited in 1895; North Yakima, Watt, July, 1895; Ophir, Elmer 512; Coupeville, Gardner 320, 334. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. The Agropyron glaucum of Suksdorf’s List is based on specimens of A. occidentale. 11. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. QUACK GRASS. Triticum repens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 86. 1753. Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Europae cultis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper, July 20, 1897; Walla Walla, Leckenby, July 18, 1899; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 3, 1901. HORDEUM. WILD BARLEY. Floret of the central spikelet pediceled; glumes ciliate.........-.---- 1. H. murinum. Floret of the central spikelet sessile; glumes not ciliate. Glumes all alike, subulate. Lateral florets long-awned. Awns 4 to 6em. long... 2.222222 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 2. H. jubatum. Awns 2 to 3 em. long. Sheaths and blades glabrous. ...-.....------------ 3. H. caespitosum. Sheaths and blades pilose ........22-2.-----.---4-- 4. H. comosum. Lateral florets not awned. Lateral florets neutral.........----------- we ee ee eee eee 5. H. nodosum. Lateral florets perfect............---.---------------- 6. H. boreale. Glumes not all subulate, the inner ones obliquely lanceolate. -.--. - 7. H. geniculatum, 1. Hordeum murinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 85. 1753. WALL BARLEY. Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Europae locis ruderatis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, Piper 2602; Ellensburg, Piper 2582; Waitsburg, Horner 246; Almota, Piper 3560; Wallula, Cotton 1045, 2. Hordeum jubatum L. Sp. PI. 1: 85. 1753. SQUIRREL TAIL. Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Canada.” Rance: Alaska to Ontario, south to California and Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in. 1889; North Yakima, Henderson 2208; Par- ker, A. D. Dunn, August 11, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1746; Spokane, Piper, June, 1897; Steptoe, Vasey 49. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 3. Hordeum caespitosum Scribn. Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. 7: 245. 1899. Type LocaLiry: Edgemont, South Dakota. Rance: Washington to Assiniboia, Kansas, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Leckenby, June 3, 1898; Alma, Elmer 535; near Colum- bus, Suksdorf 218; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 245; Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton 463; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1384, 1404; Kiona, Cotton 718; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 445. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Hordeum comosum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 327. 1830. TyPE LOcALity: Chile. Rance: Washington. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 535; Colville Reservation, Griffiths d& Cotton 363. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Hordeum nodosum L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 126. 1762. TypE Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Italia, Anglia.” Rance: North temperate America, Asia, and Europe. 150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, F’lett 830; Fairhaven, Piper 2603; Seattle, Smith 803; Tacoma, Flett 45, Leckenby; Columbia River, 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Step- toe, Vasey 16; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 245; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River, Kreager 433. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5a. Hordeum nodosum depressum Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 24. 1897. Tyre Locatiry: Near Lexington, Morrow County, Oregon. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Washtuena, Cotton 990. Collected by Leiberg. 6. Hordeum boreale Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 24. 1897. Tyre Locauity: ‘ Aleutian Islands and Alaska to Oregon and California.”’ Range: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1747; Steptoe, Vasey, July 2, 1901; Kittitas County, Vasey 49; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1168. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Hordeum geniculatum All. Fl. Ped. 2: 259. 1785. Hordeum maritimum With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 3. 2: 172. 1796. Tyee Locatity: Piedmont, Italy. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 814; Dry Creek, Whitman County, Vasey 52; Waitsburg, Horner 247; Walla Walla, Leckenby, May 19, 1898, Griffith & Cotion 556. ELYMUS. Ryecacrass. Annual; glumes rigid, spreading . EB. caput-medusae. Perennials. Tufted grasses without rootstocks. Culms stout, 1 to 2 meters high. Spikelets 1 to 1.5m. long, usually glabrous or scabrous. 9. E, condensatus. Spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, pubescent .........-.-.-- 10. EF, arenarius. Culms slender, seldom 1 meter high. Lemma pubescent; spike nodding .....-.....-.---- 2. L. canadensis. Lemma not pubescent; spike erect. Glumes subulate. Awns of lemma 30 to 40 mm. long -..-.---- 3. E. leckenbyi. Awns of lemma 3 to 5 mm. long ', aristatus. Glumes lanceolate. Awns of lemma well developed. Spikes dense; lemma not ciliate Spikes usuallyinterrupted;lemmaciliate. 6. Awns of lemma short or obsolete. Glumes rigid, longer than the spikelet.. 7. Glumes not rigid, shorter than the spike- '. glaucus. ). borealis. . virginicus. LC 8. FE. virescens. Not tufted but spreading by long rootstocks. Lemmas long-villous ...........---.------------------ 11. FE. flavescens. Lemmas not Jong-villous. Spike dense; lemma scabrous-puberulent; giumes sparsely hirsute .......-.-2-.-.-2--2-.-.-------- 12. BF. vancouverensis. Spike not dense; glumes not hirsute. Lemma glabrous, usually glaucous ........----- 13. E. iriticoides. Lemma puberulent......-.2.-.-.-.----------- 14. F. arenicola. PIPER-—-PLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 151 1. Elymus caput-medusae L Sp. P!. 1: 84. 1753. Tyre cocauity: “Habitat in Lusitaniae, Hispaniae maritimis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steptoe, Vasey 3076. 2. Elymus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 1: 83. 1753. Sitanion brodiei Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899. Type tocauity: ‘Habitat in Canada.” Rance: Canada to Washington, south to Georgia and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 518; Naches Valley, Piper 2584; Columbia River, 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Box Canyon, Areager 381; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Wawawai, Brodie, July, 1898; Waitsburg, Piper 2561; Horner, July, 1896; Kiona, Cotton 728: Mabton, Cotton 745; Parker, Dunn; Bishops Bar, Brodie, July, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition, 3. Elymus leckenbyi Piper. Sitanion leckenbyi Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 1899. Tyre Locariry: “Sandy bars of Snake River at Wawawai, Wash.’’ Collected by Piper and Leckenby. Rance: Easterg Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 3003, 3963, 3959, 3969, 3972; Leckenby 86. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, 4. Elymus aristatus Merrill, Rhodora 4: 147. 1902. Tyee Locairy: “Silver Creek, Harney Co., Oregon.”’ Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5194, July 16, 1905. 5. Elymus glaucus Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862. Elymus americanus Vasey & Seribn.; Macoun, Cat. Can, Plants 2: 245. 1888. Tyre Locauitry: “Columbia River.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Alaska to the Great Lakes, Missouri, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 839, 833; Fairhaven, Piper 2608; Mason County, Piper, July, 1890; Tacoma, Leckenby, August, 1898; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 2151; Ellensburg, Whited 687; Yakima, Leckenby, June 20, 1898; Wenache, Whited 1301; Whitman County, Piper, July, 1894; Wind River, Flett 1393; Wawawai, Piper, June, 1896, 2566, 2999, 3058; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 78, 82. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Mainly Transition. 6. Elymus borealis Scribn. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 27: 9. 1900. Elymus ciliatus Scribn. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 11: 57. 1898, not Muhl. Gram. 179. 1817. Type Locatiry: “Common in wet places, Sitka, Alaska.”’ Rance: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Mlett 833; Elmer 1907. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Elymus virginicus submuticus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 255. 1840. Elymus curvatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903. Type Locauity: “Cumberland House Fort, on the Saskatchewan.” Rance: Washington to Ontario and south to Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 375. 8. Elymus virescens Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899. Type Locauity: “In damp coniferous woods, 3,000 ft. altitude, Olympic Mts., near the head of the Duckaboose River.’’ Collected by Piper. Not otherwise known. 152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 9. Elymus condensatus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 265. 1830. Type Locatiry: ‘Ad Monte-Rey Californiae.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Alberta, southward to California and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 520; Ellensburg, Piper 2588; Vasey 71: North Yakima, Watt 2270; Yakima, Piper 2592; Pasco, Henderson 2167; Klickitat County, Suks- dorf 1172; Clarks Springs, Kreayer 59; Pullman, Piper 1751; Steptoe, Vasey 64; Wawa- wai, Piper 2593. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 9a. Elymus condensatus pubens Piper, Erythea 1: 101. 1899. Type Locauity: “In strong alkali soil near Yakima City, Wash.” Collected by Piper. Known only from the original locality. 10. Elymus arenarius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 83. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat ad Europae litora marina in arena mobili.” Rance: On sea and lake shores, Greenland to Labrador, Alaska to Washington and the Great Lakes. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper 2606; Whatcom, Suksdorf 1028; Clallam County, Elmer 1906; Seattle, Piper 813; Westport, Henderson 2169. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 11. Elymus flavescens Scribn. & Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 8: 8. 1897. Type Locatity: Columbus, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. ‘Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Leckenby, May, 1898; Columbus Suksdor} 916; Eureka, Nelson, July 4, 1899. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 12. Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 48. 1888. Type Locatity: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun. Rance: Seacoast of Washington and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner, September 1, 1899; Seattle, Piper 812, 2858; Howell 207. ‘ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 13.. Elymus triticoides Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 99. 1862. Type Locatity: “ Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 437; Ellensburg, Piper 2586; Whited 519; North Yakima, Henderson 2172; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2124; Wawawai, Piper 1911, 3066; Elmer 1021; Walla Walla, Leckenby 90; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 334; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 364; Seattle, Howell 206? ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 14. Elymus arenicola Scribn. & Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Cire. 8: 7. 1899, Tyre Locauity: “Suferts, Oregon.’ Collected by A. B. Leckenby. RanGE: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockland, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1176; Walla Walla, Leck- enby, May, 1898; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 466, 468; Brandegee 1202. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species has been referred erroneously to E. dasystachys littoralis Griseb. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 153 SITANION. Glumes cleft or parted into 3 to many lobes; awns of lemmas 8 to 10cm. long.......-...-------- 22-22-2222 2 ee ee ee ee eee ee 1. S. jubatum. Glumes entire or only 2-cleft or 2-parted. Nerves of the glumes two. Glumes entire; lemma glaucous, 1 cm. long.............-- 2. S. brevifolium. Glumes or some of them bifid or 2-parted. Sheaths and upper surface of leaves glabrous. Leaves strongly involute.....-...-.-.---.-----.. 6. S. basalticola. Leaves flat or tardily involute. Blades 5 to 7 mm. broad_._....-.........-.. 5. S. latifolium. Blades 2 to 5 mm. broad. Low plants; awns of lemmas3to4em.long. 3. S. rigidum. Taller; awns of lemmas 4 to 5 em. long... 4. S. glabrum. Sheaths and upper surface of leaves pubescent. Awns 2 to 3 times as long as lemma... ..-..-.----- 7. S. ciliatum. Awns 4 to 5 times as long as lemma. Innovations many; culm leaves7 tol12cm.long. 8. S. Aystrizx. Innovations few; culm leaves 2 to6 cm. long... 9. S. velutinum. Nerves of the glumes 3 to 5, Leaves glaucous, 5 to8 mm. broad__.._.........-.------- 10. S. planifolium. Leaves green, 2 to 5 mm. broad.............-...-.------- 11. S. rubescens. 1. Sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 10. 1899. Sitanion villosum J.G, Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 11. 1899. Sitanion strictum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 59. 1903. Tyre Locauity: “ Waitsburg, Wash.’ Collected by Horner. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 249, 573; Wawawai, Piper 2998; Pullman, Piper 3021; Walla Walla, Shear 1602; Griffiths & Cotton 554; Waitsburg, Horner 574; Spokane, Piper 2598; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899; Wawawai, Piper 3528, 3958, 3970, 3529; Clarks Springs, Kreager 99; Almota, Elmer 266. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and «Arid Transition. 2. Sitanion brevifolium J.G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull, 18: 17. 1899. Type Locauiry: Tucson, Arizona. Rance: Washington to Colorado and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 5193, July 16, 1905. 3. Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 13. 1899. Type Locaity: ‘Cascade Mountains, Washington.’’ Collected by Allen. Rance: Washington to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 119, 832; Goat Mountains, Allen 178; Mount Stuart, Hlmer 1145; Mount Chapaca, Elmer, August, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 579; without locality, Vasey 454. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 4. Sitanion glabrum J. G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 14. 1899. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘ Near Crystal Spring, Caso Mountains, California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 1904; Mount Rainier, Piper 1952; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; head of Twenty-five-mile Creek, Gorman 824 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4 5. Sitanion latifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 1899. Types tocaniry: “Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash.’ Collected by Piper. Rance: Known only from the type specimen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Walla Walla County, Piper, July, 1896. 6. Sitanion basalticola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 234. 1903. Tyre Locauity: “In basaltic soil, Coulee City, Washington.’’ Collected by Piper. Rance: Douglas County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3924. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, 7. Sitanion ciliatum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 58. 1903. Type Locauity: “On dry rocky hills west of Wenatchee,”? Washington. Collected by Whited. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, WAited 1360; Waterville, S. /. Jordan; Coulee City, Piper 3923; Lincoln County, Sandberg & Leiberg 221; Bickleton, Suksdorf 127. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J.G. Smith, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 15. 1899, Aegilops hystric Nutt. Gen. 1: 86. 1818. Sitanion albescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 86: 57. 1903. Type vocauity: ‘Arid plains of the Missouri.’’ Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2579; Whited 670; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 380; Pasco, Piper 2962; Coulee City, Piper 3921, 3922; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897: Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 76; Walla Walla, Leckenby, July, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 9. Sitanion velutinum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 233. 1903. Tyre Locaity: “Steptoe, Whitman County, Washington.” Collected by Vasey. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Steptoe, Vasey. 10. Sitanion planifolium J.G. Smith, UsS. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 19. 1899. Tyrer cocauity: “High mountains, Skamania County, Wash.’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Eimer 1903; Skamania County, Suksdorf 224. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic? 11. Sitanion rubescens Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 234. 1903. Type Locauity: ‘Dry rocky places, 2,300 m. altitude, Mount Rainier, Washington.” Collected by Piper. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1954. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Munroa squarrosa Torr. and BoureLoua oOLIGosracHya Torr. are included in Suks- dorf’s list. There is no direct evidence that either of these occurs in the State. CYPERACEAE. SEDGE FAMILY. Flowers monoecious; akene inclosed in a sac-like structure (perigynium) ..........-2.22-2 2-20-2222 0222252222022 ee CAREX (p. 161). lowers perfect ; spikelets all alike. Spikelets flattened, the scales 2-ranked. Perianth-brist!es none; inflorescence terminal... ....... CYPERUS (p. 155). Perianth-bristles 6 to 9; inflorescence axillary. ......- - Duticnium (p. 156). PIPER——-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 155 Spikelets cylindric, the scales spirally arranged. Style not enlarged at base. Annuals; perianth bristles none... ...-.-.------ Hemicarpna (p. 159). Perennials; perianth bristles present. Bristles short; barbed. ...........-------- Scirpus (p. 156). Bristles long and silky, smooth... ....-.... ERIOopHORUM (p. 158). Style enlarged at base. Spikelets solitary on a scape ......-.---.------- ELEOCHARIS (p. 159). Spikelets not solitary; stems leafy... 2.2.2.2... -- Riryncnospora (p. 161). . CYPERUS. rachis not winged; annuals. Scales tipped with recurved awns........-...-.--------------- 1. C. inflerus. Seales acuminate, not awned__...-...-2..22-.-.-2------------ 2. C. acuminatus. Rachis winged. Wing of the rachis separating from it as seales; annual.......--. 3. C. erythrorhizos. Wing of the rachis persistent. Perennial with corm-like tubers........-.----------------- 4. C, strigosus. Perennial by rootstocks bearing nut-like tubers......2.-.--- 5. C. esculentus, 1. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. Gram. 16. 1817. Cyperus aristatus Rottb. err. det. Boeckl. Linnaea 35: 500. 1868 Type LocaLity: Pennsylvania. Rance: British Columbia to Vermont, south to Mexico and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 81; Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 38; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, E/mer in 1897; Yakima, Henderson, October, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota, Piper, September, 1896, August, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894; without locality, Elmer 1069; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894; without locality, Lake d& Hull 369; Mission, Kreager 493: Toppenish, Cotton 803; Prosser, Cotton 644. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 435. 1836. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘ Near St. Louis, Missouri.” Rance: Washington to Illinois, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. Gram. 20. 1817. Cyperus occidentalis Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 3: 259. 1836. Cyperus cupreus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 172. 1828. Tyre Locauity: Pennsylvania. | Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, south to Florida and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 221, 222, 587; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Almota, Piper, 1937; Vancouver, Sheldon, 11274. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Cyperus strigosus L. Sp. PI. 1: 47. 1753. Tyee cocauiry: “ Habitat in paludibus Jamaicae, Virginiae.”’ Rance: Washington to Maine, south to Texas and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1261, 84, September 15, 1886. This was listed by Suksdorf as ‘ C. incompletus Link? ” 5. Cyperus esculentus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1735. Nut Grass. Cyperus phymatodes Muhl. Gram. 23. 1817. Tyre Locauity: ‘Habitat Monspelii, inque Italia, Oriente.” 156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 223; Almota, Piper 2651. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. DULICHIUM. 1. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 29. 1894. Cyperus arundinaceus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1758. Schoenus spathaceus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 1762. Cyperus spathaceus L. Syst. ed. 12. 2: 735. 1767. Dulichium spathaceum Pers. Syn. 1:65. 1805. Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Virginia.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon, Texas, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 692; Lakeview, Flett, September 20, 1899. e ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. SCIRPUS. Spikelets solitary, terminal. Involucral bract present, not longer than the spikelet. Perianth bristles none ......-.-....--.-.-.-.--+2--0--- 1. S. riparius. Perianth bristles 6, smooth. ...............-.-.--------- 2. S. cespitosus. Involucral bract 2 to 3 times as long as the spikelet ........... 3. 8. subterminalis. Involucral bract wanting -......2...2.2.2.2.2.2.-.-.---2--- 4. S. pauciflorus. Spikelets several to many, rarely solitary. Stems terete. Inflorescence apparently lateral, sessile .........-...-.--- 5. S. nevadensis. Inflorescence umbellate. Akenes 2 mm. long, the scales little longer. .........- - 6. 8, validus. Akenes 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the scales one-fourth longer. 7. S. occidentalis. Stems three-angled. Involucral leaf solitary 2... 2.2.2.2.202.-.-.-.--------- 8. S. americanus, Involucral leaves several. Spikelets 1 to 2 em. long. Akenes oblong-obovate, pale...........-.....--- 9. S. brittonianus. Akenes orbicular-obovate, dark .............2.-- 10. S. robustus. Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long. Akenes 3-angled; bristles 6 .....2..22.222-.-.--- 11. S. atrovirens. Akenes plano-convex; bristles 4................. 12. 8. microcarpus. 1. Scirpus riparius (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 1: 208. 1825. Isolepis riparia R. Br. Prod. Fl. Nov. Hol. 222. 1810. TyPE Locauity: Port Jackson, Australia. Rance: Washington to California. South America. Australia. Africa. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 318; Seattle, Piper 2860. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Scirpus cespitosus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753. Type LocALITy: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2248; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2241; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg775; Bridge Creek, Elmer 644; Granville, Conard 376. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 157 3. Scirpus subterminalis Torr. FI]. U.S. 1: 47. 1824. Type LocaLity: Near Deerfield, Massachusetts. Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 88. 4. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 1078. 1777. Eleocharis pauciflora Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 284. 1827. Type Locatity: Highlands of Scotland, “as upon Malgbyrdy in Breadalbane.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington, Colorado, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 90; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 416. 5. Scirpus nevadensis 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 360. 1871. Type Locauity: “Shore of Soda Lake in Carson Desert, Nevada.” Rance: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab and Wilson creeks, Lake & Hull 364; Sandberg & Leiberg 266; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 416. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Scirpus validus Vahl, Enum. P|. 2: 268. 1806. Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Carabeis.”’ Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and the West Indies. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner, 512; Wenache, Whited 584. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Scirpus occidentalis (S. Wats.) Chase, Rhodora 6: 68. 1904. TULE. Scirpus lacustris occidentalis 5. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 218.°1876. Type Locauity: San Diego County, California. Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 1012; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 85; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 2; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Alma, Elmer 539; Douglas County, Lake & Hull 394; Davis Lake, Kreager 435; Toppenish, Cotton 773; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1400. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 8. Scirpus americanus Pers. Syn. 1: 68. 1805 (March). Scirpus pungens Vahl, Enum. 2: 255. 1805 (October). Type Locauiry: ‘Hab. in Carolina inferiore.” Rance: Throughout North America. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 305; Tacoma, Flett, September, 1896; Westport, Henderson in 1892; Alma, Elmer 533; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Lei- berg 332, 324; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 55; Waitsburg, Horner 207; Tacoma, Fett 2235; Stuart Island, Lawrence 35. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 9. Scirpus brittonianus nom. nov. Scirpus campestris Britton, Ill. Fl. 1: 267, 1896, not Roth. 1800. Scirpus robustus campestris Fernald, Rhodora 2: 241. 1900. .TypE Loca.ity: “Manitoba and Minnesota to Nebraska, Kansas, and Mexico, west to Nevada.” Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 333; Satus, Elmer 1067; Black Rock Spring, Suksdorf 465. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 10. Scirpus robustus Pursh, FI. 1: 56. 1814. Type Locauiry: ‘In salt marshes and on the banks of rivers, common”? in the Atlantic States. 158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Nova Scotia to Texas along the coast. Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1008; Clallam County, Elmer 2725; Admiralty Head, O. Piper, May 27, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 11. Scirpus atrovirens Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 79. 1809. Type Locauity: ‘ Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: Washington to Labrador south to Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 19. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 12. Scirpus microcarpus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 195. 1828. Scirpus lenticularis Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 328. 1836. Scirpus sylvaticus digynus, Boeck]. Linnaea 36: 727. 1870. Type LocaLity: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island. Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 307; Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Tacoma, Flett 206; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1267; Ellensburg, Whited, July, 1898; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 387; Railroad Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901; Clallam County, Elmer 2723; Mount Carlton, Kreager 298; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1366; Stehekin, Griffiths c& Cotton 227; Squaw Creek, Cotton 879. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 13. Scirpus nanus Spreng. Pug. 1: 4. 1815. Eleocharis pygmaea Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 313. 1836. What is probably this species occurs on flat shores at the mouths of streams near Seattle and elsewhere, but it is apparently always sterile. The presence of the characteristic nodules on the roots seems to justify this determination. ERIOPHORUM. Corron Grass. Spike solitary; bristles coppery .....-.-...---.-.----------------- 1. F. chamissonis. Spikes several; bristles white. Akene obovoid, obtuse; leaves flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide -........... 2. EF. polystachyon. Akene oblong, acute; leaves 3-sided, 2 to 4 mm. wide -...-...--- 3. E. gracile. 1. Eriophorum chamissonis (C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. FI. Alt. 1: 70. 1829. Eriophorum russeolum Fries, Novit. Mont. 3: 170. 1842. Type Locauiry: Unalaska. Rance: British Columbia to Washington, Newfoundland to Quebec. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 311; Seattle, Piper 684; Tacoma, Flett 207; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; waco, Henderson, August, 1886; Weiser Lake, Suksdorf, July 21, 1890; Tacoma, Flett 2227; Ilwaco, Piper 4953. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The “EF. vaginatum L.”’ of Suksdorf’s list is based on an erroneous determination of the above species. 2. Eriophorum polystachion L. Sp. Pl. 1: 52. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to Oregon and Georgia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1016, 2174; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 8°; Cascades 490, Lyall in 1860; Tweedy 41; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 789. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Eriophorum gracile Roth, Cat. Bot. 2: 259. 1800. TypPE LocaLity: Europe. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 159 Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to California and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 776; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1138; Seattle, Smith 1016; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1380. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian. HEMICARPHA. Scales erect or spreading only at the tips, little exceeding the akenes... 1. H. micrantha. Scales spreading, 2 to 3 times as long as the akenes. Akenes black; scales broad, abruptly acuminate -.........2.2.-.. 2. H. aristulata. Akenes brown; scales narrow, gradually attenuate .......2.....- 3. H. occidentalis. 1. Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 104. 1888, Hemicarpha subsquarrosa Nees; Mart. FI. Brasil 2': 61. 1842. Scirpus micrantha Vahl, Enum. 2: 254. 1805. Type Locatity: “Habitat in America meridionali?”’ Rance: Washington to New England and south into South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 811, 88. 2. Hemicarpha aristulata (Coville) A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 400. 1902. Hemicarpha micrantha aristulata Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 36, 1894. Hemicarpha intermedia Piper, F]. Palouse Reg. 36. 1901. TYPE LocALitTy: Texas. Rance: Washington to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2375. 3. Hemicarpha occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 391. 1868. TYPE LocaLity: Yosemite Valley, California. RanGeE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 87. ELEOCHARIS. Spiker rusu. Styles 2-cleft; akenes biconvex. Tubercles constricted basally. Annual, roots fibrous; akenes black .........2...2-2-.-2------ 1. EF. capitata. Perennial with rootstocks; akenes brown ._...........-.-.--- 2. FE. palustris. Tubercles not constricted basally; annuals. Heads ovoid; bristles longer than the akenes ........ 2.22. _ 3. E. obtusa. Heads oblong; bristles not longer than the akenes ........... - 4. E. monticola. Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled. Tubercles broad and short; akenes ribbed _....................... : 5. FE. acicularis. Tubercles subulate; akenes smooth ..................-.-.------- 6. EF, rostellata. 1. Eleocharis capitata (L.) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1: 225. 1810. Scirpus capitatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753. Type Locatiry: “ Habitat in Virginia.” Rance: Washington to Maryland and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892. 2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 151. 1817. Scirpus palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 47. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. RANGE: Subarctic and Temperate North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Smith 1006; Seattle, Smit, 160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. July, 1889; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 90; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 705; Ellensburg, Whited, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 82; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Lamb 1103; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 323; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 295; Clallam County, Elmer 2724; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, 333, 444; Newport, Kreager, 453, Mount Carlton, Kreager, 289; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton, 452; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton, 502, 523; Cow Creek to Ephrata, Griffiths & Cotton, 466; Prosser, Cotton 660; Toppenish, Cotton 788. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. A variable species which has been much subdivided by European authors. Our form was referred to EL. multicaulis Smith in Hooker’s Flora. 8. Eleocharis obtusa Schultes, Mant. 2: 89. 1824. Seirpus obtusus Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol 76. 1809. Tyre Locauity: “ Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Kansas and the Gulf of Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 4073; Henderson, June, 1892; Seattle, Piper 661; Vancouver Lake, Suksdorf 2328; Manor, Piper 3076; Almota, Piper, July, 1897; Eastern Washington, Lake & Hull 361; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 6280; Waitsburg, Horner 14. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3a. Eleocharis obtusa gigantea Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 493, 1899. Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859. 4. Eleocharis monticola Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 496. 1899. Type Locauity: Plumas County, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, A. PD. Dunn, August 8, 1901; Bingen, Suksdorf 2583. 4a. Eleocharis monticola leviseta Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 34: 496. 1899. Type LocaLity: Cceur d’Alene River, Kootenai County, Idaho. RanGe: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Kalispel, Kreager 332a, 332b. 5. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. 2: 154. 1817. Scirpus acicularis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 48. 1753. TyPE LocaLity: Europe. RanGeE: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 662; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 225; Wil- son Creek, Lake & Hull 388; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1938, August, 1893; Lake Kalispel, Areager 331. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5a. Eleocharis acicularis bella Piper, F]. Palouse Reg. 35. 1901. Type LOCALITY: Pullman, Washington. RANGE: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 226; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 42; Spokane, Piper 2642; Pullman, Piper 3055; without locality, Vasey in 1889.. 6. Eleocharis rostellata Torr. Fl. N. Y. 2: 347. 1843. Scirpus rostellatus Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 3: 318. 1836. Type LocaLiry: Penn Yan, New York. Rance: British Columbia to New England, south to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2237; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2820, 2537. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 161 RHYNCHOSPORA. 1. Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl, Enum. 2: 236. 1806. Schoenus albus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 44. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. RanGe: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1014; Seattle, Piper 1121: Gran- ville, Conard 374. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, CAREX. SeEpbGer. 1. Carex ablata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888. Carex frigida of American authors. Type Locauity: None cited. Rance: British Columbia to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2244; Flett 823; Clallam County, Elmer 2703: Mount Rainier, Allen 270; Piper 2546; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1136, 1127; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 25, 26; Henderson, August 8, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei- berg 707; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2. Carex accedens Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. [V. 16: 457. 1903. Carer spreta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889, not C. spreta Steud. Carer stylosa virens Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 79. 1886, not Carex virens Lam. 1789. Type Locatiry: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell. RANGE: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2550; Mount Adams, //owell, August, 1882; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. 3. Carex acutina tenuior Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889. TyprE LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Howell. ‘Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 1489 (fide Bailey). 4. Carex amplifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 228. ¢. 226. 1839. Tyre Locaity: ‘ Marshy places, Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Seattle, Piper 995; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 174; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 50; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 422; Tampico, Henderson, July, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 26; Klickitat River, Cotton 1443. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Carex aperta Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. ¢. 219. 1839. Carex turgidula Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 271. 1898. Type Locatity: ‘Columbia River.’”’ Collected by Douglas and Scouler. Rance: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Scouler; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 22, 64, 65, 66; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; McAllister Lake, Henderson 1788; Palouse, Henderson 2088; Meyers Falls, Kreager 588; Kalispel Valley, Spillman, July 1, 1901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species has been considered the same as C. proliza Fries of Europe, C. acuta prolira Hornem. 29418—06 Mm 11 162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Carex aquatilis Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24: 165. 1803. Type vocauity: “Hab. intra ripas fluviorum per Lapponiam.” Rance: Washington to New England, south to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: lone, Kreager 426. 7. Carex arcta Boott, Ill. 155. t. 497. 1867. Carex canescens oregana Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 75. 1889. Type Locauity: “In America boreali, Canada, Lake Superior, Rainy Lake, Lake of the Woods.” Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to Oregon and Vermont. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 997; Henderson 2074; Mount Rainier, Allen 271; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2063, 11; Tacoma, Flett 13; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Palouse, Henderson 2060; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 902; Usk, Kreager, August 11, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum, Cotion 845; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 8. Carex aristata R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 751. 1823. Tyre Locauity: British America. ~ RanGE: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon, Utah, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 310; Spangle, Suksdorf 2600; Phileo Lake, Suksdorf 2599. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9. Carex athrostachya Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868. Type LocaLity: Yosemite Valley, California. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 7T'weedy 9; Ellensburg, Piper, July, S97; Whited 557; North Yakima, Henderson 2066; Easton, Henderson in 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 416; Spokane, Henderson in 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper 2278; Palouse City, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, Henderson in 1892; Pullman, Elmer 873; Piper, August, 18983; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1215. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Carex atrata L. Sp, Pl. 2: 976. 1753. Type Locatity: ‘In Alpibus Europae.”’ Rance: Arctic regions south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, File/t 1402. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 10a. Carex atrata nigra ( All.) Gaudin, Agrost. Helvet. 115. 1811. Carex nigra All. Fl. Pedem. 2: 267. 1775. Type LocaLity: ‘In summis alpibus Pedemontii et Sabaudiae.” Rance: Washington to Colorado, Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Hlmer 1124, 1125. 11. Carex aurea Nutt. Gen. 2: 205. 1818. Type Loca.ity: Shores of Lake Michigan. RANGE: Subarctic regions southward to California, Colorado, and the Great Lakes. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2712; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Coupeville, Gardner 303; Klickitat River, lett 1363; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 35; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 709; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 277; Lake Omack, Griffiths & Cotton 400; Mount Stuart, //mer 1141; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Union Flat, //ull, July, 1892; Pullman, Piper, May, 1892; Meyers Falls, Kreager 591; Klickitat River, Cotton 1452. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 163 lla. Carex aurea celsa Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 75. 1889. Type Locauiry: “San Bernardino Mts., California.”’ RanGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6440. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 12. Carex bebbii (Bailey) Olney; Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 87: 478. 1902. Carex tribuloides bebbii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 55. 1889. TYPE LOCALITY: None given. Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Newfoundland and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, A’vreager 84; Silver Lake, Henderson 2072; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2186. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 13. Carex bolanderi Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868. Carex deweyana bolanderi W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 236. 1876. Type Locauity: ‘California, Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Big-tree grove.” Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2716, 2715; Seattle, Piper 1001; Mount Stuart, Himer 1142; along Salmon River, Horner 485; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 198, 246; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Lake & Hull 372; without locality, Brandegee 1138. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The specimen referred to C’. bromoides Schk. in Cooper’s report is undoubtedly C. bolanderi. 14. Carex brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. Suppl. 3: 286. 1813. Carex curta brunnescens Pers. Syn. 2: 539. 1807. Carex canescens alpicola Wahl. F!. Lapp. 232. 1812. Carer canescens vulgaris Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 86. 1888. Type Locaity: ‘Hab. in Monte Touly.”’ Rance: Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to Washington, Michigan, and in the mountains to North Carolina. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goose Lake, Skamania County, Flett 1379; Mount Rainier, Piper 2549; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4277. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 15. Carex canescens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 974. 1753. Type LocaLiry: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Utah, and Vermont. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1106; Nisqually Valley, Allen 163; Mount Adams, Henderson 2068. 15a. Carex canescens subloliacea Laestad. Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Ups. 11: 282. 1839. Type LocaLity: Lapland. RanGeE: Subarctic America, south to Washington, Michigan, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1106. 16. Carex chalciolepis Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 28. 1903. Type Locauiry: Pagosa Peak, Colorado. Rance: Washington to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4364, 2896; Henderson 2100. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 17. Carex circinata C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 209. ¢. 6. 1831. Typr Locatiry: Unalaska. Rance: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2721. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 18. Carex comosa Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 117. 1846. Carex pseudo-cyperus americanus Hochst.; Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 54. 1889. Tyre Locauity: “In Georgia et Carolina.” Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to California and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1018; Seattle, Piper 992; Waitsburg, Horner, July, 1898; near Touchet River, Horner 586. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 19. Carex cryptocarpa ©. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 226. t. 14. 1831. Carex scoulert Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 399. 1836. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Unalaschka et Kamtschatca.”’ RanaeE: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 990; Smith 1005; Tacoma, Flett 134; Ilwaco, Hen- derson, September, 1892; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 6446; Clallam County, Elmer 2719. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid transition. The Tolmie specimen from Hood Canal referred by Boott @ to C. salina Wahl. is with little doubt the above species. 20. Carex deflexa Hornem. Plantel. ed. 3. 1: 938. 1821. Tyre Locauity: Not ascertained. Ranae: Alaska to Greenland, south to Oregon, Michigan, and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2552; Wenache region, Brandegee 1145. 21. Carex deweyana Schwein. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. 1: 65. 1824. Type Loca.ity: “ New Eng.” RanGe: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico, Michigan, and Penn- sylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 31; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 508. ZON: LIBUTION: Transition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTIC I t 22. Carex dives Holm, Am. Jeurn. Sci. 1V. 18: 19. 1904. Type Locauity: Chilliwack Valley, British Columbia. RanaGe: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition 308; Trout Lake, Suksdorf 43, 44; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 41. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Humid Transition. These specimens have been supposed to represent (’. barbarae Dewey, and may prove to belong there. Suksdorf’s No. 41 was labelled C. aquatilis Wahl., and is perhaps the basis for the inclusion of that name in his list of Washington plants. 23. Carex douglasii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. ¢. 214. 1839. Type Locauiry: “N. W. coast.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 135; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 572; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 65; Brewster, Griffiths d&: Cotton 257 ; Cow Creek, Grif- fiths & Cotton 505; Ellensburg, Piper 2744; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 79; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 188; Spokane County, Suksdorf 80; Pullman, Piper, June, 1899. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 24a. Carex festiva horneri nom. nov. Carex festiva stricta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889, not C. stricta Lam. 1789. Type Locauity: California. a Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 219. 1839. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 165 tance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2702; Mount Rainier, Piper 2532; Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 60; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 14; Stevens Pass, Sand- berg & Leiberg 773; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 298: Blue Mountains, Horner, June 17, 1896, 479; Piper 2272. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. 24b. Carex festiva pachystachya (Cham.) Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 51. 1889. Carex pachystachya Cham.; Steud. Pl. Glum. 2: 197. 1855. Tyre Locatiry: “In Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2709; Montesano, Heller 3954; Seattle, Piper, June 9, 1884; Henderson 2107; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen, 164;Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Letberg 756; Skamania County, Flett 1373: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 700; Lake Omach, Griffiths & Cotton 402; Wenache, Whited, June 28, 1896, 1081; Wenas, Henderson, June 18, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 815; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 245;Salmon River, Horner 483; Waitsburg, Horner 199; Pullman, Piper 1934; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 371. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 25. Carex festucacea brevior (Dew.) Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 32: 477. 1902. Carex straminea bremor Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 11: 158. 1826. Type Locauity: “Grows with the other [i. e. C. straminea] also in Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia and Washington to New England and Arkansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 13, 74, 613; Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Toppenish, Henderson 2070; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 26. Carex feta Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893. Carex straminea mixta Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 151. 1886, not C. mixta Miégev. 1865. Type Locauiry: California. Rance: Washington to California. - SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6477; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 3103; Husum, Suksdorf 3102. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The Columbia River specimens referred to C. lagopodioides Schk. in Hooker’s Flora @ probably belong to C. feta. Suksdorf’s record of C. adusta Boott is, to judge from a speci- men so labeled, likewise C’. feta. 27. Carex filifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 204. 1818. Type Locauiry: “ Dry plains and gravelly hills of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 329; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 249; Fort Colville, Lyad/ in 1861; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Rock Creek, Piper 2790; Sandberg & Leiberg 81; Pullman, Piper 1764; Elmer 837. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 28. Carex filiformis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 916. 1753. TYPE LocALity: European. RanGE: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Washington and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1108; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 207; Ellensburg, Piper 2748. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. a Hook. F!. Bor. Am. 2: 214, 1839. 166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 29. Carex flava recterostrata Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13 : 84. 1888. Type Locauity: Vancouver Island. Collected by Macoun. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2704; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2090; Lake Padden, Suksdorf 1017; Loomis, Elmer 560; Bridge Creek, Elmer 560; Qui- nault, Conard 248; Padden Lake, Suksdorf 1017. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 30. Carex furva (Bailey). Carex pratensis furva Bailey; Macoun Cat. Can. Pl. 2 :377. 1890. Carex pratericola furva Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2.3. 1900. Type Locauity: “In damp meadows at Cedar Hill, Goldstream, and throughout north- ern Vancouver Island.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 296. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Humid Transition. 31. Carex fusca All. Fl. Ped. 2 : 269. 1785. Carex burbaumu Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24 : 163. 1803. Tyre Locauiry: “Frequens in alpibus, quae monte Vesulo et Cenisio intercipiuntur. ” Rance: Alaska to Laborador, south to California and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 4; Lake Keechelus, Henderson 2079. 32. Carex gayana Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 205. 1853. Type Locauiry: Chile. Rance: Washington to Colorado and California and southward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2; also May 19 and July, 1884. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 33. Carex geyeri Boott, Trans. Linn. Soc. 20: 118. 1846. Type Locauity: “In declivitatibus aridis Montium Saxosorum, Americae Septentrio- nalis.’’ Collected by Geyer (No. 332). Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 169; near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Upper Atanum River, Henderson 2076; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 828; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; without locality, Geyer 332. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 34. Carex gymnoclada Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 424. 1902. Type Locauiry: “Eastern Oregon, bogs of Hurricane Creek, 6,000 ft. alt.’’ Collected by Cusick. RanaE: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2097; Big Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2708. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 35. Carex hendersoni Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 115. 1886. TypE LocaLity: Portland, Oregon. Collected by Henderson. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 999; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2982; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf 1904. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 36. Carex hoodii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 211. ¢. 2/1. 1839. Type Locauity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. RanGeE: Oregon to Montana and British Columbia. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 167 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf' 71; Easton, Henderson 2103; Spokane, Henderson 2109; Bingen, Suksdorf 4434; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clark Springs, Beattie & Chapman 2044; Coupeville, Gardner 309, 310. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 36a. Carex hoodii neurocarpa nom. nov. Carex hoodii nervosa Bailey, Mem. Torr, Club 1: 14. 1889, not C’. nervosa Desf. 1800. Tyre Locauity: “California.” Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: None; reported by Bailey from Seattle, Howell. 37. Carex hookerana Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. 1836. Carex muricata gracilis Boott, Ill. 193. 1858. Type Locaity: “Found at Carlton House by Dr. Richardson.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 2821. 38. Carex hystricina Willd.; Schkuhr, Riedgr. 2: 69. 1801, Tyee Locauity: “Habitat in humidis Pensylvaniae.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon, Nebraska, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Head of Priest Rapids at ‘The Junipers,” Cotton 1379, July 16, 1903. 39. Carex illota Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 15. 1889. Carex bonplandii minor Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila.1863: 77, 1863, Tyre Locauiry: Colorado. Rance: Washington to Colorado and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 824; Elmer 2706; Piper 996; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 3,4; Bridge Creek, Elmer 2706; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4251, 4252; Hell toaring River, Cotton 1503. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 40. Carex interrupta Boeck]. Linnaea 40: 432. 1876. Carex angustata verticillata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 218. 1839. Carex verticillata Boott, Ill. 67. ¢. 183. 1858, not C. verticillata Zoll. & Moritzski. 1846. Type LocaLity: Columbia River. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Quinault, Conard 165; Tumwater, Henderson, August 2, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 41. Carex irrasa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 271. 1898. Carex douglasii laxiflora Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 2: 20. 1889, not C. laxiflora Lam. Tyre Locaity: “Near Utica, Montana.” Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 42. Carex jonesii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889. Type Locatity: “Soda Springs, Nevada Co., Cal., 7,000 feet.” Collected by M. E. Jones. Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 27; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei- berg 773. 168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 43. Carex kelloggii W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 240. 1880. Carex acuta pallida Boott, Ill. 166. 1867, not C. pallida Meyer. Carex vulgaris lipocarpha Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. 1V. 17: 308. 1904. Carex rigida strictiformis Bailey, err. det. Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 38. Type Locauity: California, “In the Sierra Nevada at Alta.” Rance: Alaska to Idaho and, California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2245, 985; Seattle, Piper 989; Clallam County, Elmer 2707; Mount Rainier, Piper 2548; Allen 267; Lake Keechelus, Henderson 2080; Nisqually Valley, Allen 167; Wenache River, Whited, August 25, 1901; North Yakima, Henderson 2083; Clealum Lake, Cotton 863; Klickitat River, Flett 1415; Cascade Mountains, 7 weedy 3; Davis Lake, Kreager 439; Spokane, Piper 2851; Pullman, Elmer 881; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 19; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 18. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition mainly. This is the commonest representative of C. vulgaris Fries on the Pacific coast, and it has been mistaken for C’. vulgaris juncella Fries. Our plant has commonly been called C. decidua Boott, a species from Terra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands, but that has conspicuously stipitate perigynia. Specimens from the mouth of the Columbia, Oregon, collected by Hinds and by Henderson have stipitate perigynia and represent either true C. decidua or a very closely allied species. 44. Carex laeviculmis Meinsch. Bot. Centralb. 55. 1893. Carex deweyana sparsiflora Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 87. 1888, not Carex sparsiflora Fries. Type Loca.iry: “ Kamtschatka, Insel Sitcha.”’ RanGE: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 414; upper Nisqually Valley, Piper 2534; Allen 162; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 6, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 708; Piper 2318; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2067 ; Bridge Creek, Elmer 685; Mount. Carlton, Kreager 248; Touchet River, Horner 486. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 45. Carex lanuginosa Michx. Fl. 2: 175. 1803. Carex filiformis latifolia Boeck]. Linnaea 41: 309. 1877. Type Locauity: “Ad lacus Mistassins,’”’ Canada. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California, New Mexico, and Pennsyl- vania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 51; Satus, Elmer 1068; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 322, Coulee City, Henderson, July, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 274; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton, 261; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 498; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 444, 468; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 83; Pullman, Piper 3510; Vancouver, Piper 6441. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 46. Carex lenticularis Michx. Fl. 2: 172. 1803. TyPE LocaLity: “Per tractus montium, a sinu Hudsonis ad Canadam, praesertim ad Jacum Cycnorum dictum.” Rance: Washington to Labrador and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Larm River, Suksdorf 40. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 47. Carex leporina L. Sp. Pl. 2: 973. 1753. Type Loca.iry: “ Habitat in Europae pratis udis.” Rance: Washington and British Columbia; Nova Scotia, New England, and New York. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1003; East Sound, Henderson 2074. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 169 48. Carex leptalea Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 24: 139. 1803. Carex polytrichoides Willd. in Wahl. loc. cit. as synonym. Tyre Locatity: ‘‘ Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2714; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1016; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Stampede Pass, Henderson 2057; Vancouver, Piper 6442. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 49. Carex liddoni Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 214. #. 215. 1839. Tyre Locauity: ‘Columbia River.”” Collected by Scouler. Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Scouler ; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 169; Loomis, Elmer 577; Spokane County, Suksdorf 61; Spangle, Paper 3544. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 50. Carex limosa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 977. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. Rance: Washington to Labrador, south to New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1109; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 295; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. ; ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ? 51. Carex luzulaefolia W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 250. 1876. Type LocaLity: “In the Sierra Nevada, at high altitudes, from above Yosemite Valley to Ebbett’s Pass and northward,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 26. This specimen is perhaps only a broad-leaved form of @. ablata Bailey, 52. Carex macrocephala Willd.; Spreng. Syst. 3: 808. 1826. Tyre Locauity: ‘Sibir.¢” Collected by Pallas. Rance: Seashores, Cook Inlet, Alaska, to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2710; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island, Gardner 314; Port Angeles, Piper 2306; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 53. Carex macrochaeta C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 224. ¢. 13. 1831. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat in Unalaschka.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon. This species is reported from Fort Vancouver by Hooker Fl. 2: 219. We have seen no Washington specimens, but the plant is known to occur near Multnomah Falls on the south bank of the Columbia River, and in Chilliwacke Valley just north of the forty-ninth parallel. 54. Carex magnifica Dewey, ined. Carex sitchensis Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 220. f. 22/. 1839, not Prescott. RanGE: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3860; Ashford, Alien, August 15, 1898; Seattle, Piper 1107, 990; Cascades of Columbia, Suksdorf 20; Mouth of Columbia, Scouler; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leberg 636; Clallam County, Elmer 2716; Vancouver, Piper 6443; ilwaco, Piper 6447. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 55. Carex marcida Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839. Tyre Locauitry: ‘Columbia River.’ Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Sternweg; Henderson 2065; Toppenish, Hen- derson 2059; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 62; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 316; Silver Lake, Hen- 170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. derson 2029; Coulee City, Henderson 2062; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 363; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 58; Junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg 321; Wenas, Griffiths d: Cotton 8i; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 447; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 347; Lake Omack, Griffiths & Cotton 408; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 537; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 278; Condons Ferry, Griffiths & Cotton 419; Toppenish, Cotton 1163, 1164, 1169; St. Johns, Piper 2744; Ellensburg, Whited 310. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 56. Carex mertensii Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 168. 1832. Type Locauity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Eimer 2711; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2246; Mason County, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 166; Snoqualmie, Smith 988; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 401; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Whited, August 27, 1901; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 33; Mount Stuart, H/mer 1174; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 513; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 200; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Letberg 674; without locality, Vasey in 1899; Horse- shoe Basin, Elmer 739. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 57. Carex mirata Dew. Wood’s Botany 428. 1865. Carex exsiccata Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 6. 1889. Carer exsiccata globosa Bailey, |. c. Carex vesicaria major Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221. 1889, not C. teretiuscula major Koch, Syn. 751. 1887.; Type Loca.iry: “In Greece, eleven miles west of Rochester and six south of Lake Ontario,’’ New York. Rance: Washington to California; Ontario; New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 993; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 161; Clallam County, Elmer 2720. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 58. Carex monile pacifica Bailey, Proc. Cal. Acad. IH. 3: 105. 1890. Carex vesicaria L, err. det. W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 252. 1876. Type Locauity: Donner Lake, California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, lett 1413; Union Flat, Piper 3044; Henderson 2095; Pullman, Piper 2659, 3509; Hull 382; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mainly. 59. Carex multimoda Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 5. 1896. Carex festiva gracilis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1873, nom. nud. Type LocaLiry: Oregon. Collected by Hall. RanGe: Washington to California SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2249; Seattle, Piper 1110, 1111; Mount Rainier, Allen 193a; Piper 2536, 2544; East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Ellens- burg, Hlmer 403; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 742,741,738; Lake & Hull 414; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 4038, 371, 404, Clallam County, Elmer 2700, 2701; Vancouver, Piper 6476; Blue Mountains, Piper 2273; Horner 481; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1513. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. 60. Carex nardina Fries, Nov. Mant. 2: 55. 1842. Type Locatiry: ‘In Junkersdalen Lapponiae Lilensis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland south to Washington and Montana. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 173; Piper 2542; Mount Stuart, Elmer PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 171 1128: Mount Adams, [Jett 1403; Henderson, August 10, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited S44. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 61. Carex nebrascensis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. IT. 18: 102. 1854. Carer nebrascensis praevia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889. Carer jamesti Torr. Ann. Lye, N. Y. 398. 1836, not Schwein. 1824. Type Locauity: None given, but presumably collected in Nebraska by Hayden. Rance: Washington to Nebraska and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 21; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Union Flat, Piper 3040; Henderson 2101; Pullman, Lake & Hull 397; Cow Creek, Griffiths c& Cotton, 521. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6la. Carex nebrascensis ultriformis Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 21: 8. 1896. Type Locauity: Ritzville, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Howell 104; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 194; Union Flat, Piper 3041. ZONAL pistripution: Arid Transition. 62. Carex nervina Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 203. pl. 3. 1885. TYPE LOCALITY: Summit Camp, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892. 63. Carex nigricans C. A. Meyer, Mem. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 1: 211. 1831. Tyre Locatity: ‘ Habitat in Unalaschka.’’ Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. Kamtschatca. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2539, 2551; Smith; Allen 268; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1130; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Howell 101, 102; Suks- dorf, August 8, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 6; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 411; Horseshoe Basin, E/mer 737; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 767. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 64. Carex nudata W. Boott in Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 241. 1876. Type cocauity: “In the Coast Ranges, from San Francisco Bay to Ukiah.” Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, August, 1882, probably collected by Brandegee. 64a. Carex nudata versuta nom. nov. Carex aperta angustifolia Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 218. 1839, nom. nud. Carex nudata angustifolia Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 16. 1889. Type Locauity: “ Fort Good Hope, Mackenzies River.’’ Collected by Richardson. Rance: Oregon, Washington, and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall. 65. Carex occidentalis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 14. 1889. Carex muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886. Type LocaLity: ‘Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona.’’ Collected by Pringle. Rance: Washington and Montana to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1297. 66. Carex oregonensis Olney; Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 73. 1886. Carex halliana Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9: 117. 1884, not C. hallii Olney. 1871. Carer oregonensis Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud. Tyre LocaLiry: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Range: Oregon and Washington. 172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 68, 52; Howell 97; Skamania County, Flett 1380; Yakima County, Henderson, August 12, 1882. 67. Carex pachystoma Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. [V. 20: 302. 1905. Type Locauity: Crater Lake National Park and Klamath County, Oregon; Mount Adams and west Klickitat County, Washington. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4248, 2959. 68. Carex paddoensis Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschrift 12: 43. 1906. TYPE LocaLity: Mount Paddo (Adams). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 172; Piper 2541; Mount Adams, Howell 92. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species is related to C. breweri and C’. engelmanni, to both of which species it: has erroneously been referred. 69. Carex pansa Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 13: 82. 1888. Tyre Locatiry: “Very abundant in drifting sand as well as borders of sea estuaries, Clatsop, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington Territory.’ Collected by Henderson. RANGE: Sea coast of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 6437. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 70, Carex pauciflora Lightf. Fl. Scot. 2: 543. 7. 6. 1777. Type Loca.ity: “In the isle of Arran,’ Scotland. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2056; Weiser Lake, Suksdorf 1015. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 71. Carex phaeocephala nom. nov. Carex leporina americana Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 407. 1872, nom. nud.; 22: 152. 1886. not C’. muricata americana Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 140. 1886. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2553; Mount Rainier, Piper 2535: Allen, August 14, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 8, 9, 10, 592; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1133; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 10. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species has been considered to be the same as C’.. presiii Steud., based on the (. le po- rina L. of Presl in Reliquiae Haenkeanae. The type of C. preslii came from the shores of Nootka Sound, and there is scarcely a possibility that the high alpine C.leporina americana can be the same. It is much more likely that C. preslit is a form of C. festiva. C’. petasata Dewey, the type of which is in the Gray Herbarium, is a very different species from C. phaeoce phala. 72. Carex polymorpha Muhl. Gram. Descr. 239. 1817. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: Washington; Massachusetts to North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2895. 73. Carex prionophylla Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 15: 423. 1902. * Type Locauity: “Divide between St. Joe and Clearwater rivers,” Idaho. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Areager 264. 74. Carex pulchella Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 16: 457. 1903. Carex hallii Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad, 22: 82. 1886, not (. hallii Olney. 1871. Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Hail. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 173 Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Meadows, Flett 1357, 1365; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 816, 1284. 75. Carex pyrenaica Wahl. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 24: 139. 1803. Tyre Locaity: ‘ Hab. in Pyrenaeis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California... Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, /left 825; Elmer 2722; Mount Rainier, Piper 2540; Allen 171; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 28. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 76. Carex raynoldsii Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. I]. 82: 39. 1861. Carex lyallii Boott, Il. 150. pl. 483. 1858. Type Loca.iry: “Pierre’s Hole, Snake River Valley, alt. 6,000 ft.’ Collected by Hayden. Rance: Wyoming to Montana, westward to California and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Chapaca, //mer 580; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1143; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall (type of C. Tyallii); Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1240. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and ITudsonian. 77. Carex retrorsa Schwein. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. 1:71. 1824. Type Locatity: Massachusetts. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 592; Loomis, Elmer 616; Waits- burg, Horner 29; Clarks Springs, Areager 566; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1379. ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 78. Carex richardsoni R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ, 751. 1823. Type Locauity: British America “In the wooded country from latitude 54° to 64° north.”’ Rance: Saskatchewan to New York, South Dakota, and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Waitsburg, Horner 208. 79. Carex rigida hesperia nom. nov. Carex vulgaris bracteosa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 81. 1886, not (. bracteosa Schwein. 1824. Tyre cocatity: ‘“ Ebbett’s Pass, California, alt. 8,000 feet.” Colleeted by Brewer. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 19, 24; mountains north of Ellens- burg, Brandegee 1142; Mount Rainier, Allen 269; Piper 2533 in part; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 16, 17, 36. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 80. Carex rossii Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 222. 1839. Carer deflera rossi Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 207. 1885. Carex deflera media Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 43. 1889. Tyre Locauity: “N.W. Coast, Douglas; Rocky Mountains, Drummond.” Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2718; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Mount Rainier, Allen 168; Mount Adams, Henderson 2094; Suksdorf 24; Klickitat River, Suks- dorf 48; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3094; Blue Mountains, Horner 480; Mount Rainier, Piper 2543, 2552, 2537; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 77; Olympia, Henderson 2093; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1145. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic to Transition. It is exceedingly probable that all the Oregon and Washington specimens that have been referred to C. varia Muhl. and C. novae-angliae Schwein. are in reality forms of C. rossi. 174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 80. Carex rostrata Stokes; With. Bot. Arr. Brit. Veg. ed. 2. 1059. 1787, Carex ampullacea Goodenough, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 207. 1794. Type Locauity: ‘Bogs of Isla, and on Bentelkerny in Breadalbane,” Great Britain. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to New York, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278. 81. Carex scirpoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 171. 1803. Carex pseudoscirpoidea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 78, 1900. Type Locaniry: ‘‘Ad sinum Hudsonis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2243; Mount Stuart, E/mer 1126; Skagit Pass, Lake d& Hull 408; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 684. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The western form is somewhat larger and broader-leaved as a rule, a difference we con- sider too slight to warrant separating it as a distinct species as has been done by Rydberg. 82. Carex scoparia Schkuhr; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 230. 1805. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Colorado and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Henderson, June 12, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 83. Carex scopulorum Holm, Am. Journ. Sci. IV. 14: 422. 1902. Type cvocauity: ‘In the region of Clear Creek Cafion”’ Colorado. Range: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2247; Fleft 826; Mount Rainier, Allen 170; Piper 2533 in part; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Horse- shoe Basin, Elmer 729; Lake & Hull 407; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 4246, 4247, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. 84. Carex siccata Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 278. 1826. TYPE LocaLity: Westfield, Massachusetts. Rance: Alaska to Ontario, south to Oregon and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1757. 85. Carex sitchensis Prescott in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 169. 1832. Carex howellii Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 45. 1889. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Henderson 1783; Mount Constitution, Hen- derson 2086. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. 86. Carex specifica Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 21. 1889. Type Locauity: “California, Silver Valley, head of Toulumne River, and Ebbett’s Pass.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 3099. 87. Carex spectabilis Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. 29: 248. pi. 10. f. 76. 1836. Carex invisa Bailey, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 82. 1887. Type Loca.ity: “Found in the Arctic Regions.” Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 194a, 195a; Piper 2545, 2538; Smith, August, 1890; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 39, 76; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 402, 407; Fort Vancouver; Olympic Mountains, Fett 826. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Our species has erroneously been referred to C. podocarpa R. Br., a quite different plant. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 175 88. Carex stellulata Good. Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 144. 1794. Type Locairy: England. Range: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Maryland. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 761; Lake Keechelus, Henderson in 1892; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 88a. Carex stellulata excelsior (Bailey). Carex sterilis excelsior Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 424, 1893. Carex echinata excelsior Fernald, Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 484. 1902. Type Locatiry: None given. Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Newfoundland and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1111; Vancouver, Piper 6444. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 88b. Carex stellulata ormantha (Fernald). Carex echinata ormantha Fernald, Proc. Am, Acad, 37: 483. 1902. TYPE LocaLiry: Strawberry Creek, Eldorado County, California. Rance: Washington to California. Connecticut. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892. 89. Carex stipata Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 233. 1805. Type LocaLity: Pennsylvania. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer 2705; Seattle, Piper 998; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 62; Ellensburg, Whited 511; Pes- hastin, Sandberg & Levberg 589; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 29; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 17; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 377; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Vancouver, Piper 6438. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 90. Carex straminiformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 24. 1889. Carex straminea congesta Boott; Olney, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 393. 1868, not Carex congesta Meyer. 1858. Type LocaLity: Mount Shasta, California. Collected by Brewer. Rance: California, Oregon, and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell, August, 1882; Henderson, August 7, 1882; Suksdorf. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic? 91. Carex tenella Schkulir, Riedgr. 23. f. 104. 1801. TYPE LocaLity: Unknown. Rance: New Jersey to California and northward. - SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 73. 92. Carex teretiuscula ampla Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 53. 1889. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Quaking bogs, head of Burnt River, E. Oregon.” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1002; Tacoma, Flett 210; Nisqually Valley, A//cn 165; Coupeville, Gardner 308; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Marshel! Junction, Piper 2282; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Vancouver, Piper 6445. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 93. Carex umbellata brachyrhina nom. nov. Carex umbellata brevirostris Boott, Il. 2: 99. t. 294. 1860, not C. brevirosiris Cecersix. 1857. 176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locauity: ‘Carlton House.”” Collected by Richardson. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 168; Coupeville, Gardner 343; Hangmar Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 30; Olympia, Henderson 2093. 94. Carex usta Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, 1: 20. 1889. Carex douglasii brunnea Olney, Bot. King Explor. 363. 1871, not C. brunnea Thunberg. Type Locatiry: California. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 408; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1216. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 95. Carex utriculata Boott in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 221, 1839. Type Locauity: British America. Collected by Richardson. Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Delaware. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 640; Seattle, Piper 994; Tacoma, Flett 208; Clealum Lake, Cotton 846; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 210; Mission, Griffiths & Cotton 490; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 332; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 497; Railroad Creek, Elmer 758; Marshall Junction, Piper 2277; Waitsburg, Horner 202; Mount Adams, Henderson 2095; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1278. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, mainly. 96. Carex vernacula Bailey, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 417. 1893. Carex foetida “ All.”” of American authors. Type Locauity: ‘Colorado and Wyoming.” Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 812; Henderson. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 97. Carex vespertina (Bailey) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 705. 1903. Carex pennsylvanica vespertina Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 74. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘Dry hills near the Cascades of the Columbia,’’ Oregon. Collected by Howell and by Henderson. RancE: Oregon to British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 208; Olympia, Henderson 2077; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2990; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 292, 437, 23, 67; Henderson 2078; Klick- itat River, Flett 1406. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Specimens of this have been referred to C. globosa Boott, a species which seems not to occur in Washington. 98. Carex vicaria Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 49. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘Oregon and California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 6439. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. ' 99. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. Fl. 2: 169. 18038. Tyre Locauity: ‘In Canada et Nova Anglia.” Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Florida and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1298; Ophir, Elmer 516; Cusick, Piper, September, 1903; Usk, Kreager, August 16, 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Besides the above listed species in this difficult genus a number of others have been reported from the region, but there is too much uncertainty regarding them to warrant PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 177 their inclusion. Carer incisa Boott @ is based on Geyer’s specimen collected in “rich mould; thickets of the fertile plains above Colville.’ The brief description is as follows: “Differt a C’. seabrata Schkuhr perigyniis laevibus, etc., squamis foemineis viscidis, etc., F. B.” It has not been identified. Carer rosea Schk., reported in Hooker’s Flora } as collected by Scouler on the Columbia River, has not since been found in this region. Other species reported from the Columbia River in Hooker’s Flora are C. stricta Lam., C. angustata Boott, C. lagopodioides Schk. (C. tribuloides Wahl.) and ©. straminea Schk. As none of these have recently been collected, it is quite certain that the specimens will be found to represent other species. ARACEAE. Arum Faminy. LYSICHITON. 1. Lysichiton camtschatcense (L.) Schott, Prodr. Aroid. 421. 1860. SKUNK CABBAGE. Symplocarpus kamtschaticus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 168. 1832. Dracontium camtschatcense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 968. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Sibiria.” Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2786; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 174; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 210; Wenache Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 642, Yakima Pass, Watson 400; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Areager 295. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. LEMNACEAE. Duckwerep FAMILY. Thalloid shoot with 1 root..................--2-.---.-------- peeeee eee LEMNA. Thalloid shoot with several roots................-.-2-.-2----------------- SPIRODELA. LEMNA. Thalloid shoot nearly cireular, 1.5 to 5mm. long...........-.-.--------- 1. L. minor. Thalloid shoot oblong, stalk-like at base ........-.-.-.-.--------------- 2. L. trisulea. 1. Lemna minor L. Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753. TyprE Locairy: Europe. Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 429; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897: North Yakima, /Tenderson 2534; Waitsburg, Horner, July, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager 515. 2. Lemna trisulca L. Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753. TypE LocaLiry: Europe. Rance: Throughout North America, Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 430; near Seattle, Tarleton. SPIRODELA. 1. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. Linnaea 13: 392. 1839. Lemna polyrhiza (L.) Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1753. TYPE Locaity: Europe. Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 428; Seattle, Piper, August, 1897. 4 Boott; Hook. Journ. Bot. 7: 377. 1869. b Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 212. 1839. 12 29418—O06 M 178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. PONTEDERIACEAE. Ponpweep Famitry. HETERANTHERA. 1. Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. Met. Minn. 138. 1892. Commelina dubia Jacq. Obs. Bot. 3: 9. pl. 59. 1768. Schollera graminifolia Willd. Neue. Schr. Ges. Naturf. Fr. 3: 438. 1801, nom. nud. Heteranthera graminea Vahl, Enum. 2: 45. 1806. Leptanthus gramineus Michx. Fl. 1: 25. 1803. TyPr Locauity: The type specimen is Clayton’s number &14, probably from Virginia. Rance: Washington to Ontario, south to Mexico and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hangman or Latah Creek near Marshall Junction, Suksdorf. JUNCACEAE. Rusu Faminy. Leaf sheaths open; capsule 1 or 3-celled, many-seeded; placentae pari- etal or axial ... 2222222 ee eee eee eee Juncus (p. 178). Leaf sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded; placenta basal... ... JUNCOIDES (p. 184). JUNCUS. Rusu. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence appearing like a continuation of the stem, the inflorescence therefore seemingly lateral. Flowers in compound panicles, usually numerous. Stamens 3; leaf of the inflorescence much shorter than the stem. Perianth green; panicle loose...........--.--.--- 1. J. effusus. Perianth brown; panicle close. ...........-.----- la. J. effusus hesperius. Stamens 6. Perianth green; leaf of the inflorescence as long as the stem..........--.-------------+---------- 2. J. filiformis. Perianth parts brown, a green stripe each side of the midrib. Flowers 3 to 4.5 mm. long................--- 3. J. balticus. Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long.............-.-.-.- 4. J. leseurii. Flowers few, 1 to 3 in each cluster. Inner sheaths bristle-tipped; capsule retuse.....-.-.-- - 5. J. subtriflorus. Inner sheaths leaf-bearing; capsule acute......... 6. J. parryi. Lowest leaf of the inflorescence not appearing like a continu ation of the stem, Leaves not provided with cross-partitions, either flat and grass-like or terete and channeled. Flowers bracteolate, loosely scattered or somewhat con- gested but not in heads. Annuals; stems branched, leafy. Stamens 6; flowers loosely scattered. Capsule oblong.........-........-----.. 7. J. bufonius. Capsule globose.......-..-.------------- 8. J. sphaerocar pus. Stamens 3. Inflorescence 1-flowered; bract 1_.....-. - 9. J. uncialis. Inflorescence few-flowered; bracts 2 or more, style short... ......2.2...-.-.- 10. J. brachystyius. Perennials; stems simple. Perianth segments 2.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule 3-celled; panicle close.........-.---------- 11. J. confusus. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 179 Perianth segments 3.5 to 5.5 mm. long; capsule 1-celled. Panicle loose; flowers pale green... ...... 12. J. tenuis. Panicle close; flowers fuscous.......-... - 13. J. occidentalis. Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads. Auricles of the leaf-sheaths wanting; perianth parts minutely roughened. Perianth shorter than the capsule; heads sev- eral to many, 3 to 5-flowered__.--...-.-.._ 14. J. covillei. Perianth longer than the capsule. Seeds not tailed. Flowers in 1, rarely 2 or 3, large heads. 15. J. falcatus. Flowers in 3 to 20 small heads....... 16. J. orthophyllus. Seeds tailed.............-.2.-2-.-.----- 17. J. regelii. Auricles of the leaf-sheaths present; perianth parts smooth ... 2.2... .2 2222222220222 -2 22-2 eee 18. J. longistylis. Leaves provided with distinct cross-partitions. Blades of the leaves equitant. Heads pale, numerous; stamens 6; plant tall....... 28. J. oxymeris. Heads brown or black. Stamens 6; heads solitary; stems not 2-edged.. 29. J. mertensianus. Stamens 3 (rarely 6); stems 2-edged. Flowers in 2 to several dense nearly black heads.....22 2222222222222 22 27. J. ensifolius. Flowers in many brown heads. ....... ~~. 27a. J. ensifolius major. Blades of the leaves cylindric or only slightly compressed. Stamens 3........2..2-22-2-.-.-----2-- 22-0222. 19. J. acuminatus. Stamens 6. Capsules subulate; heads many-flowered. Leaf blades erect; inner perianth parts longer than the outer........... 222... 22. J. nodosus. Leaf blades spreading; outer perianth parts longer than the inner................. 23. J. torreyi. Capsules not subulate. Heads pale, few-flowered; capsules oblong- lanceolate. Perianth segments less than 5 mm. long... 2... Lee eee ee ee ee eee eee 20. J. richardsonianus. Perianth segments over 5 mm, long. . 21. J. oreganus. Heads brown; capsules oblong, abruptly acute. Perianth pale brown; seeds reticu- lated, the longitudinal striae 20 to 26...22222 2222 eee 24. J. columbianus. Perianth dark brown; seeds about 15- striate. Stout 60 to 100 cm. high; heads several or many; capsule shorter than the perianth.._.. 25. ./. suksdorfii. Slender 20 to 40 cm. high; heads few; capsule as long as the perianth....22222222222--.-- 26. J. badius. 180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Juncus effusus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753. ’ Juncus effusus gracilis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 190. 1838. TYPE LocALiry: European. RanGE: Subarctic and temperate North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, June, 1892; King County, Suksdorf 1010; Seattle, Piper 1029; Everett, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Humid Transition. la. Juncus effusus hesperius nom nov. Juncus effusus brunneus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 491. 1868, not J. tenageja brunneus Neilreich 1859. Type LocaLiry: Cerro Leon, Mexico. Rance: Washington to California near the seacoast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2728; Montesano, Heller 3970; Olympic Mountains, Grant; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Lillewaup, Henderson 1860; without locality, Cooper in 1852; Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 2157; Everett, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Juncus filiformis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 326. 1753. Type Loca.iry: European. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Colorado and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Skamania County, Suksdorf 216; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 602; Rogers Lake, Elmer 717. This species has been mistaken for J. patens Meyer, and we believe that. all Washington references to the latter really belong to J. filiformis. 3. Juncus balticus Willd. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin. Mag. 3: 298. 1809. Type Locatity: “ Bei Warnemiinde,”’ Germany. Rance; Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Nebraska, and New York. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2730; Whidby Island, Gardner 299; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Lake Osoyoos, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf' 2146, 214, 215; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 404; Seattle, Smith 1021; Longmire Springs, Piper, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 1422; Ellensburg, Whited in 1897; North Yakima, Henderson 2554; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 385, 393; Pull- man, Henderson 2553; Piper, August 2, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum Lake, Cotton 850; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 320. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 4. Juncus lescurii Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 179. 1858-62. Type Locatity: Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, California. RaNnGE: Vancouver Island to Chile, on the seashore. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson 2552; Heller 3945; Thurston County, Hen- derson 2550; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 34, 35; Oyhut, Conard 412. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Juncus subtriflorus (Meyer) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 208. 1893. Juncus compressus subtriflorus Meyer, Linnaea 3: 368. 1828. Juncus drummondii Meyer; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 235. 1853. Type Locauity: “Hab. in insulis Koraginsk.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 828; Mount Rainier, Allen 68; Cas- cade Mountains, Tweedy 31; same, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1139; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1011; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 675; Bridge C reek, Elmer 652; Blue Mountains, Piper 2274, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Arctic. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 181 6. Juncus parryi Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 446. 1866. Type LocaLity: Colorado, Collected by Parry. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2733; Olympic Mountains, Flett 111, Henderson 1025; Mount Rainier, Piper 2169; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1041; Chi- quash Mountains, Suksdorf 1041; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 410; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 665; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 736; Mount Carlton, Kreager 231. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 7. Juncus bufonius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 328. 1753. Type Locauiry: European. Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2734; Southbend, Spillman, August 2, 1889; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 218; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Pullman, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 8. Juncus sphaerocarpus Nees, Flora 1: 521. 1818. Type Locatiry: European. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 137; Bingen, Piper 6446; Pullman, Elmer 1044. 9. Juncus uncialis Greene, Pittonia 2: 105. 1890. Juncus triformis uniflorus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 493. 1868, not J. trifidus uniflorus Tausch, 1834. Tyre Locauity: ‘Low moist places in fields near Suisun, California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 25, 1881. 10. Juncus brachystylus (Engelm.). Juncus triformis brachystylus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 492. 1868. Type Locauity: “Ukiah, Mendocino county,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 19, 1882. 11. Juncus confusus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 127. 1896. Type Locauity: “In an irrigated meadow, North Park, Colorado” Rance: Washington to Colorado and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2191; Spangle, Suksdorf 1042. 12. Juncus tenuis Willd. Sp. Pl. 2!: 214. 1799. Type Locatiry: “Habitat in America boreali.”’ Rance: Nearly throughout North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, //eller 4074; Seattle, Piper 1134; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 389, 388; Wenache, Whited; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 387; Loomis, Elmer 576; Palouse City, Henderson, July, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 375; Pullman, Piper 1939; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 187; Prosser, Cotton 647, 659. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 13. Juncus occidentalis (Coville) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 521. 1900. Juncus tenuis occidentalis Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 10: 129. 1896. Juncus tenuis congestus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 450. 1866, not J. congestus Thuill. 1799. Type cocauitry: “In California (San Francisco, Bolander; Monterey, Brewer) and in Colorado, Hail.” 182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 295, 300; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull in 1892; Elmer, August, 1897; Pullman, Piper 3051; Elmer, July 20, 1896; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 504. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 14. Juncus covillei nom. nov. Juncus faleatus paniculatus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 495. 1868, not J. paniculatus Hoppe, 1823. ; Juncus latifolius paniculatus Buch. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 426. 1890. Type Loca.ity: “Sphagnous swamp near Mendocino, California.” Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2732; Whatcom County, Gardner 410; Seattle, Piper 1033, 2762; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 219; Vancouver, Piper 4928; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 303. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 15. Juncus faleatus E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 34. 1823. Juncus menziesii R. Br.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 192. 1888. Type Locauity: “Mont-Real,” that is, Monterey, California. Collected by Haenke. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June 26, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16. Juncus orthophyllus Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 207. 1893. Juncus latifolius Buch. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 18: 425. 1890. Juncus longistylis latifolius Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 496, 1868, not Juncus latifolius Wulf. 1789. Type Loca.ity: ‘Californian Sierras on alpine meadows or along rivulets in the Yosemite Valley, alt. 4000 feet.” RanGE: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 386; Pullman, Piper 1765, 3024, 3052. ZONAL DisTRiBuTION: Arid Transition. 17. Juncus regelii Buch. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 18: 414. 1890. Type tocauiry: “Im westlichen Nordamerika von Washington anscheinend bis Utah.” Collected by Suksdorf and by Jones. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 1527; Suksdorf; Flett 1360; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 822, 579; Klickitat River, Flett 1367; Yakima County, Watt, August, 1895; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 746; Loomis, Elmer 575; Blue Mountains, Horner 484; Whitrman County, Lake & Hull 374; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 5026, 5027; Snipes Creek, Cotton 6694 in part. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? 18. Juncus longistylis Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 223. 1859. Tyre Locauitry: ‘“ Near the Copper Mines, New Mexico.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 360; Whitman County, Lake & Hull 374; along Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 391; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper 2280. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 19. Juncus acuminatus Michx. Fl. 1: 192. 1803. Type toca.ity: “In Carolina inferiore.” Rance: British Columbia to Maine, south to Oregon and Georgia. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 183 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3969; Seattle, Howell 612; Piper 1135; Thurs- ton County, Henderson 2556; Ilwaco, Henderson 2161; North Yakima, Henderson 2555; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt August, 1895; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1013. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 20. Juncus richardsonianus Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7: 201. 1829. Juncus alpinus insignis Fries; Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 459. 1866. Type Loca.ity: ‘In sylvis Americae arcticae.’’ Collected by Richardson. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, Nebraska and Pennsyl- vania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 417; Suksdorf 1012; Chelan, Elmer 883. 21. Juncus oreganus §. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 267. 1888. Juncus paucicapitatus Buch. Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 12: 367. 1890. Type Loca.ity: “In bogs at Ilwaco,’’ Washington. Collected by Henderson. Rance: Alaska to Washington near the seacoast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892 and 15; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Ilwaco, Piper, June, 1904. ZONAL DISTKIBUTION: Humid Transition. 22. Juncus nodosus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 466. 1762. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in America septentrionali.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Nevada, Nebraska, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Newport, Piper 4211; Colville, Areager 519. ZoNaAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition. 23. Juncus torreyi Coville, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 303. 1895. Juncus nodosus megacephalus Torrey, Fl. N.Y. 2: 326. 1843. Juncus megacephalus Wood, Bot. ed. 2. 724. 1861, not Curtis 1835. Type Locauity: “On the shores of Lake Ontario.” Rance: British Columbia to New York, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 312, Cascade Mountains, Tweedy in 1882; Parker, Dunn, August 11, 1901; Yakima, Leckenby, August, 1897; Loomis, Elmer 613; Colville, Kreager 519; Toppenish, Cotton 789; Prosser, Cotton 648. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 24. Juncus columbianus Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 14: 87. 1901. Tyre Locauiry: “In wet meadows near Pullman, Washington.” Collected by Elmer. Rance: Washington to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 389; western Klickitat County, Suksdorf 462; Marshall Junction, Piper 2281; Spangle, Suksdorf 463; Pullman, Piper 3054, 3537; Elmer 235; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 389 in part; Snipes Creek, Cotton 6693 in part, 668. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 25. Juncus suksdorfii Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 541. 1899. Type Locauity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 217, 680; Spangle, Suksdorf 464; Pull- man, Piper 1947, 3026, 3042, 3053, Henderson 2547, 2548. ZONAL DistripuTion: Arid Transition. 26. Juncus badius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901. Type vocauity: ‘Im Falkenthal im west]. Teil von Klickitat County,’? Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2144; Kalispel Lake, Ayreager 336. Very close to J. nevadensis Wats. but to be distinguished by its relatively longer capsule. 184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. The Falcon Valley specimen was the basis for the inclusion of Juncus chlorocephalus Engelm. in Suksdorf’s list. 27. Juncus ensifolius Wiks. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. 2: 274. 1823. Juncus xiphioides triandrus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 482. 1868. Juncus xiphioides macranthus Engelm. loc. cit. TyPE LocaLity: Not ascertained. Rance: Alaska southward in the mountains to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, //eller 3968; Seattle, Piper 1038; Skamania County, Flett 1388; Bridge Creek, Elmer 645; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 360; Nason City, Sandberg & Letberg 608; Blue Mountains, Piper 2275; Pullman, Piper 1938; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 193; Clealum Lake, Cotton 848; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 237. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian. 27a. Juncus ensifolius major Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 191. 1840. Juncus xiphioides montanus Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 481. 1868. Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club. 29: 401. 1902. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Sources of the Columbia River, in the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson, October 2, 1892; Wenache, Whited 82, 207 ; Ellensburg, Whited 710; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 376; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13, 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895. 28. Juncus oxymeris Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 2: 483. 1868. TYPE LocaLiry: “Sacramento Valley, Cal.” Collec ‘ted by Hartweg. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 4, 1897, Smith 1032. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 29. Juncus mertensianus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 167. 1832. TYPE Loca.ity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2735; Olympic Mountains, Flett 827; Mount Rainier, Piper 1037; Allen 272, 273; Smith, August, 1890; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1131; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2042; Flett 1376; Klicki- tat River, Flett 1417, Wenache Region, Brandegee 676; Stevens Pass, Whited, August 27, 1901; Tieton River, Cotton 438; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 405; Bridge Creek, Elmer 650; Blue Mountains, Piper 2276; . Kalispel Lake, Kreager 336. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 29a. Juncus mertensianus filifolius Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 19: 92. 1901. Type Loca.ity: ‘Skamania County,’’ Washington. JUNCOIDES. Woop rusu. Flowers in clusters of 2 to 3 or solitary in an open panicle. Leaves 10 to 12 mm. broad; perianth brown, 3 to 3.5 mm. long.... 1. J. glabratum. Leaves 6 to 8 or 10 mm. broad; perianth 1.5 to 2.5 long. Panicle rays drooping; leaves with a few pilose hairs at base. Flowers and capsules pale green; leaves thin, shining; seeds brown, ellipsoid ......-.-.--- seceeeeee. 2d. parviflorum. Flowers and capsules dark brown; ; leaves thick, dull; ‘seeds yellow constricted at each end. ............ 22.2... 3. J. piperi. Panicle rays divaricate; leaves without pilose hairs ......... 4. J. divaricatum. Flowers congested into 1 to several spike-like or head-like clusters. Inflorescence nodding, nearly always of a single spike-like cluster. . 5. J. spicatum. Inflorescence of 2 to 12 globose or oblong clusters.........-.-.... 6. d. campestre, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 185 1. Juncoides glabratum (Hoppe) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. Bull. 9: 63. 1894. Juncus glabratus Hoppe; Rostk. Mon. Junc. 27. 1801. Luzula glabrata Desv. Journ. Botanique 1: 145. 1808. Luzula spadicea glabrata FE. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823. Type cocauity: “ Habitat in alpibus Salisburgensibus.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2170; Mount Adams, Henderson 2546; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1114; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy ; Cascade Mountains above Lake Chelan, 7. £. Wilcox in 1883; Cascade Mountains, Colville, Lyall in 1860; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 668; Okanogan County, Whited 49; Mount Carlton, Kreager 232. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Juncoides parviflorum (Khrh.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893. Juncus parviflorus Ehrh. Beitr. 6: 139. 1791. Luzula parviflora Desv. Journ. Botanique 1: 144. 1808. Luzula spadicea laxiflora E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 8. 1823. Type Locauity: ‘Helvetia, Germania, Suecia.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Minnesota, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3900; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2171; Lake Cushman, //enderson 1016; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1008; Seattle, Piper 1015; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 409; Wind River, Flett 1392; Bridge Creek, Elmer 641; Okano- gan County, Lake & Hull 400, 409; Southbend, Spillman, August 7, 1899. ZONAL DIstTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. A variable species not much different from the European spadiceum, Our common form has lax panicles and pale perianth segments and capsule, and is nearly the same as Luzula parviflora sparsiflora Lange. The form with dark capsules, Luzula parviflora melanocarpa (Desv.) Gray, does not seem to occur in our limits. 3. Juncoides piperi Coville, sp. nov. Densely tufted, from short horizontal usually matted rootstocks; stems erect, 10 to 35 em. high; leaves mostly basal, firm in texture, pale green and dull, erect or nearly so, linear-lanceolate, attenuate, 2 to 4 mm. broad, 15 to 17-nerved, about one-fourth as long as the stem, smooth and glabrous except for a few long hairs on the sheaths and margins, inclined to become revolute; cauline leaves two or rarely three; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long, dark brown, nodding; lowest bract foliaceous, usually 8 to 15 mm. long; bractlets brown, paler and hyaline toward the apex, lacerate; flowers solitary on the branches or sometimes in clusters of two or three; perianth segments dark brown, nearly equal, ovate, acuminate, about 1.5 mm. long; stamens half to two-thirds the length of the perianth, the anthers nearly equaling the filaments; style about .2 to .3 mm., stigmas 2 to 3 mm. in length; capsule dark brown, exceeding the perianth, its valves broadly ovate, broadly acute, indis- tinctly or not at all apiculate; seeds of a light brown to buff or amber color, about 1.2 mm. in length, lanceolate-oblong in outline, narrowed to each end, distinctly keeled on the inner side, the cellular reticulations faint. Type specimen United States National Herbarium no. 352425, collected in September, 1897, by A. D. E. Elmer (no. 678) in the Cascade Mountains of Okanogan County, Wash- ington, on the north fork of Bridge Creek, growing ‘on dry sand-gravelly moraines just below the glaciers at 6,000 feet altitude.” This species differs from Juncoides parviflorum in its more densely tufted habit, smaller size, and more lacerate bractlets, thicker, never shining leaves, the lack of a distinct apicu- lation on the capsule valves, and the light-colored pointed seeds. In parviflorum the seeds are dark brown, narrowly oblong in outline, and blunt at the ends. Our species bears a superficial resemblance to the European spadiceum, but is readily distinguishable by iis 186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. broader leaves and by its seed and capsule characters, which in spadiceum are the same as described above for parviflorum. Juncoides piperi occurs on high peaks in the Cascade Mountains from northern Washing- ton to southern Oregon, in the Olympic Mountains, and in the Coeur d’Alene Mountains of northern Idaho (Leiberg 1355), and appears to be associated with soils so porous as to be subject to great dryness in late summer. It is named for Professor C. V. Piper, who first pointed out its characters. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 122; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 412; Bridge Creek, Elmer 678; Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Piper 21724; Allen 44; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 1009; Klickitat River, Flett 1364 in part. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION : Arctic. 4. Juncoides divaricatum (5. Wats.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 209. 1893. Luzula divaricata 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 302. 1879. ? Luzula arcuata major Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 189. 1840. Tyee Locauity: “California in the Sierra Nevada, mostly alpine, from above Mono Lake to Sierra County.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount St. Helens, Coville 799. The type of Luzula arcuata major Hook. was collected on Mount Rainier by Tolmie. 5. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 725, 1891. Juncus spicatus Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753. Luzula spicata DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 161. 1805. - Tyee Locauiry: “Habitat in Lapponiae Alpibus.” RanaeE: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Colorado, and New York. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2173; Allen; Smith 1014; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1123; Brandegee 339; Mount Adams, Flett 1404; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1291. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 6. Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 722. 1891. Juncus campestris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 329. 1753. Luzula campestris DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 161. 1805. Luzula comosa E. Meyer, Syn. Luz. 21. 1823. TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 301; Tacoma, Flett 202; Skamania County, Flett 1374; Klickitat River, Flett 1364 in part; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1122; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2118; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2100; Flett 1364; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 415; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 28; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 19; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 805; Blue Mountains, Lake & Huil 380; Piper, July, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen 160. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. LILIACEAE. [Lity Famiry. Bracts of the inflorescence scarious. Flowers in racemes....... 222222222 eee ee eee ee eee ceees QuAMASIA (p. 190). Flowers not in racemes. Odor onion-like; flowers in umbels..................-- ALLIUM (p. 187). Odor not onion-like; flowers in umbels or corymbs...... Hooxera (p. 189) Bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous or none. Perianth segments unlike, the outer much narrower......... CaLocuortus (p. 193) Perianth segments similar. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 187 Bulbs scaly; anthers versatile. Nectary a linear groove; perianth not campanulate. Litium (p. 191). Nectary a shallow pit; perianth campanulate-.... - Fritiniaria (p. 191). Bulbs corm-like; anthers not versatile. Leaves only two, rather broad. .......-..-------- EryturoniuM (p. 12). Leaves several, narrow, grass-like.........-.----- Lioyp1a (p. 193). ALLIUM. Onion. Bulbs oblong, cespitose, more or less rhizomatous. Leaves linear ........-.-------------- +--+ 2-2 +--+ eee eee ee ee 1. A. sibiricum. Leaves flat or channelled. Rhizome stout; flowers erect .....-.-.------------------ 2. A. validum. Rhizome scarcely developed; flowers nodding ...-.-.----- 3. A. cernuum. Bulbs globose, loosely cespitose or solitary, not rhizomatous. Bulb coats fibrous............-.---------------------- 222+ 4. A. geyeri. Bulb coats not fibrous, usually reticulate. Flowers red. Leaves flat, rather broad; reticulations wanting. Plants tall, 20 to 40 em. high; umbel globose, dense; scape terete........------- eee e eee eee 5. A. douglasti. Plants low, 5 to 10 em. high; scape flattened. Leaves 2 to 3 mm. broad; scapes smooth.... 6. A. tolmier. Leaves 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; scapes crenulate.. 7. A. crenulatum. Leaves narrow; reticulations evident. Reticulations polygonal, distinct; petals 10 to 14 mm. long, serrulate........----------------- 8. A. acuminatum. Reticulations obscure, transversely-oblong or want- ing; petals entire, 6 mm. long... -...--------- 9. A. nevii. Flowers white. Scape tall; umbel dense, globose; reticulations narrow, transverse, sinuous... ..-...--------------------- 10, A. attenuifolium. Scape low; umbel flat. Reticulations none ...........----------------- 11. A. macrum. Reticulations narrow; very cernuous .....-..---- 12. A. collinum. 1. Allium sibiricum L. Mant. 562. 1767. TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia. Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Minnesota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 26; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 630; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 9, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Walla Walla, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Allium validum S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 350. 1871. Type LocaLity; Mono Pass, California. Collected by Bolander. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 275. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Allium cernuum Roth, Roem. Archiv. I 2: 40. 1798. Allium recurvatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1. 94. 1900. Type LocaLity: None given. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Texas, and in the Allegheny Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2506; Olympic Mountains, F'lett 822; East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf' 1005; Fairhaven, Piper 188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2803; Fidalgo City, Flett 2109; Goat Mountains, Allen 81; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 671; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 11, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1420; Chelan, Elmer 504; Meyers Falls, Kreager 594. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Allium geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 227. 1879, Type Locauity: The type specimen was collected by Geyer ‘‘on stony banks of the Kooskooskia River [Idaho].’’ The omoir of the Nez Perce Indians. Rance: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensberg, Whited 508; Piper, May 21,1897; Prosser, Henderson 26; Mabton, Cotton 367; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Spokane, Piper 2272, 2722; Coulee City, Piper 3853; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 146; Pullman, Elmer 834; Union Flat, Piper 1850; without locality, Vasey; Capé Horn, Piper 5073. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species was referred to A. reticulatum Don in Hooker’s Flora. 5. Allium douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 184. ¢, 196. 1838. Allium hendersoni Robinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 237. 1893. Type Locauity: “Northwest coast on the low hills, Douglas,” according to Hooker, but Douglas’ label reads ‘‘Subalpine hill near Kettle Falls in the Blue Mountains, 1826.” Kettle Falls is in Stevens County, Wash. Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 621: Piper 1870; Blue Mountains, Horner 465; Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Allium tolmiei Baker, Bot. Mag. under pl. 6227. 1876. Allium douglasii 8 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 185. 1839. Type Locauity: “In the Snake Country, Tolmie.”’ Rance: Washington to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Opposite Umatilla, Howell, April 26, 1882; Wallula, Suksdorf 2006. The last-cited specimen is the basis of the inclusion of Allium cusickii in Suksdorf’s List. 7. Allium crenulatum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 135. 1899. Type Locaity: ‘Loose gravel near the summit of the Olympic Mountains in the vicinity of the headwaters of the Quilcene River.” Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 821; Mount Steele, Piper 2218; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1330. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 8. Allium acuminatum Hook. FI. Bor. Am, 2: 184. 1838. TyPE Locauity: ‘Nootka Sound, plentiful.” Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2499; Olympic Mountains, Flett 86: Fidalgo Island, Flett 2106; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898; Coupeville, Gardner 286: Naches, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Elmer, August, 1898; near Mount Adams, Fleft 1117, Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 498; Klickitat River, Flett 1115; Tieton River, Cotton 442: North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 397; Skagit Pass, Lake &: Hull, August 24, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 273; Pullman, Piper 1685; without locality, Vasey 92. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 8a. Allium acuminatum cuspidatum Fernald, Zée 4: 380. 1894, TYPE LOCALITY: Wawawai, Washington. Collected by W. R. Hull. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 189 Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, //u// 619; Clarks Springs, Kreager 12. 9. Allium nevii 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 231. 1879. Tyre Locauity: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Nevius. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat, //owel/, June, 1879; Klickitat River, Flett, 1116: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42; Yakima County, Henderson 2480, 2481; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 458; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 205; Henderson 2479; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; without locality, Vasey 91; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1284. ZONAL bistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Allium attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 110. 1858-62. Type Locatiry: Mt. Shasta, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 60. 11. Allium macrum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 233. 1879. Tyre Locauiry: “Union County, Oregon, on rocky hills.’’ Collected by Cusick. Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2325, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 12. Allium collinum Dougl.; 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 228. 1879. Allium fibrillum Jones, Contr. Western Bot, 10: 24. 1902. Type Locauitry: ‘Abundant on the Blue Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 190, 193, 470. ALLIUM SCILLOIDES Dougl.¢, collected by Douglas, at ‘* Priest’s Rapids, Columbia River,” has not been recognizable from Watson’s very brief description. HOOKERA. Anther-bearing stamens 3. Flowers in umbels, long-pedicelled _.......-...-.-2------+------- 1. H. coronaria. Flowers nearly sessile in a very short raceme... ....-2-2.-.-.---- 2. H. pulchella. Anther-bearing stamens 6. Stamens in one row; flowers whitish............-.-.----------- 3. H. hyacinthina. Stamens in two rows; flowers blue or purplish. Filament of inner stamens narrow _......------------------ 4. H. douglasii. Filament of inner stamens broad. Corolla lobes much shorter than the tube... ~~. weet ee eee 5. H. bicolor. Corolla lobes about as long as the tube. .....-.-.------- 6. H. howellii. 1. Hookera coronaria Salisb. Par. Lond. pl. 98. 1806. Brodiaea grandiflora Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 2. 1811. Type tocaxiry: “In California.” Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Mlett 2104; Whidby Island, Gardner 284; near Satsop, Heller 4031; Lake Park, Piper 2093; Tacoma, Flett 906; Gate City, Henderson, June, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stuart Island, Lawrence 27. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Hookera pulchella Salisb. Par. Lond. under pl. 98. 1806. Brodiaea congesta Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 10: 3. pl. 7. 1811. Dichelostemma congestum Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 470. 1843. Type Locauiry: “In California.” aWats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 229, 1879. 190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 283; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Alki Point, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4982. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Hookera hyacinthina (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P]. 2: 712. 1891. Hesperochordon hyacinthinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: under ¢. 1293. 1829. Hesperochordum lacteum Lind]. Bot. Reg. 19: ¢. 1639. 1833. Hesperochordon lewisii Hook. FI). Bor. Am. 2: 185. t. 198. 1839. Brodiaea lactea Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 238. 1879. Type Locaity: “Native of the plains of the Missouri and of the north-west of America, in which last country it was found by Mr. Douglas.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1282; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Whidby Island, Gardner 282; Fidalgo City, Flett 2107; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tieton River, Cotton 450; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1208; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Pullman, Piper 1679, July, 1893; Lake 617; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Hookera douglasii (S. Wats.). Brodiaea grandiflora Smith, err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1: 223. 1814. Triteleia grandiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15 under t. 1293. 1829. Brodiaea douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 237. 1879. Type Locauity: “Northwest America.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming, probably only to the eastward of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Flett 1121; Klickitat River, /lett 1409; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 71; Spokane County, Suksdorf 455; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Lei- berg 71; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Wawawai, Piper 1671; without locality, Vasey S7. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Hookera bicolor (Suksdorf. ) Brodiaea bicolor Suksdorf, West. Am. Sci. 14: 2. 1902. Type Locauity: “In Falkenthal (Falcon Valley), Klickitat County, Washington.” Col- lected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1049; North Yakima, Henderson 2406; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889. 6. Hookera howellii (S. Wats.). Brodiaea howellii 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 301. 1879. Type Locauity: “Klickitat County,’ Washington. Collected by Joseph Howell. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 285; Tacoma, Flett, June, 1896; Klicki- tat County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 506, 62, Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. QUAMASIA. Camas. Perianth irregular, the segments 3 or sometimes 5-nerved; buds gibbous on one side... 2.22.22. 2.22 ee eee ee ee eee eee eee Lecce 1. Q. quamash. Perianth regular, the segments 5 to 9-nerved. Segments usually 7-nerved; capsules conspicuously nerved; flowers blue or white.................-.---------- eee ee ee eee ee ee 2. QW. Leichtlinit. Segments usually 5-nerved; capsules not conspicuously nerved; flow- ers blUC...-- 2 ee ee ee cece cc cece cece cece cc ceceeeceee eee. BQ. suksdorq,. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 191 1. Quamasia quamash (Pursh) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 64. 1897. Camas. Phalangium quamash Pursh, FI. 1: 226. 1814. Camassia esculenta Lind]. Bot. Reg. 18. ¢. 1486. 1832. Type LocaLity: On the Quamash Flats, that is Weippe, Idaho. Collected by Lewis. ‘RanGE: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 508, 63; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Fort Vancouver, Garry in 1826; Ellensburg, Whited, May 17, 1901; Klickitat River, Plett 1119; without locality, Vasey 101; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 57; Pullman, Hull 622; Piper 1677, June, 1894; Elmer 821; Union Flat, Piper, May, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Quamasia leichtlinii (Baker) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 63. 1897. Camassia esculenta leichtlinii Baker, Bot. Mag. t. 6287. 1877. Camassia leichtlinii Wats. Proc, Am. Acad. 20: 376. 1885. Chlorogalum leichtlinti Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 1: 689. 1874. Type Loca.ity: British Columbia. Collected by Jeffrey. Rance: British Columbia to Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Quamasia suksdorfii (Greenm.) Piper. Camassia suksdorfii Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 34: 307. 1902. Tyre Locauity: Falcon Valley. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 251, 509; near Bingen, Suksdorf 2663. LILIUM. Lity. 1. Lilium parviflorum (Hook.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 253. 1895. Lilium canadense parviforum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 181. 1838. Lilium columbianum Hanson; Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 243. 1875. Lilium bakerii Purdy, Erythea 5: 104. 1897. Type Locauity: ‘“N. W. Coast, Columbia and Walamet Rivers.’ Collected by Douglas and by Tolmie. Rance: British Columbia to North California, not east of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Harford & Dunn, May 27, 1869; Clallam County, Elmer 2502; Olympic Mountains, Sargent, August 15, 1896; Monte- sano, Heller 3972; Silverton, Bouck 187; Chehalis County, Lamb 1179; Pringle, June 27, 1877; Chehalis River, Lamb 1237; Twisp River, Whited 176; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 124; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 533, Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 740; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 511; Roslyn, Whited 462; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 226. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Cooper referred this lily to the eastern L. canadense Li. FRITILLARIA. Flowers yellow; styles connate to the summit.............------- 1. F. pudica. Flowers brownish purple; styles distinct to the middle. Capsules acutely angled; flowers much mottled .............. 2. F’. lanceolata. Capsules obtusely angled; flowers obscurely mottled ..... ~~. - - 3. F. camtschatcensis. 1. Fritillaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 64. 1825. Lilium ? pudicum Pursh, Fl. 1: 228. ¢. 8. 1814. 192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locatity: “On the headwaters of the Missouri,” according to Pursh, but this is probably an error, as the Lewis specimen in the Philadelphia Academy is from the Koos- kooskee [Clearwater] River, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat’ River, lett 1114; White Salmon, Suksdorf 313; Wenache, Whited 2, 1009; Clealum, Henderson in 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 74; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893, 1673; Moore, May, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1: 230. 1814. Type vocauity: “On the headwaters of the Missouri and Columbia.’ Collected by Lewis. The Columbia specimen in the Philadelphia Academy is from Brant Island at the foot of the Cascades. The Missouri River locality is probably erroneous, as it is out of the known range of the plant. Rance: British Columbia to California eastward to western Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2507; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Oreas Island, Henderson, July, 1892; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 71; Roslyn, Whited 359; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 534; White Salmon, Suksdorf 312; Major Creek, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; Goat Mountains, Allen 235; Twisp River, Whited, July 16, 1896; without locality, Vasey 88, 90. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 38. Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. Bot. Mag. 30: under ¢. 12/6. 1809. Lilium camtschatcense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 303. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Canada, Camschatca.” Rance: Alaska to Washington. Kamchatka. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 281; Silverton, Bouck 1, 188. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ¢ ERYTHRONIUM. Avbver’s TONGUE. Leaves mottled; flowers cream-color ...........-.----------------- 1. FE. giganteum. Leaves not mottled. Flowers white; filaments filiform .........-.....-.-.---------- 2. FE. montanum. Flowers yellow. Anthers purple..........-...-.-.-------+------+--------- 3. E. grandiflorum. Anthers white..........-.-.----------------+--0--------- 4. E. parviflorum. 1. Erythronium giganteum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: under ¢. 1786. 1835. Erythronium grandiflorum albiflorum Hook Fl. Bor, Am, 2: 182. 1839. Type Locauity: “North West America.” RANGE: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 289; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Chimacum, Binns, June 30, 1889; Seattle, Piper, April, 1889; Smith, April, 1889; Clarke County, Suksdorf 2327; without locality, Henderson, May, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Our plant is clearly the &. giganteum figured in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine (pl. 5714) which Hooker suspects is the #. gigantewm Lindl. We incline to the belief that the #. revolutum Smith,e collected by Menzies on ‘“ King George’s Sound”’ is the plant here called . giganteum. But Mr. Carl Purdy retains that name for a closely allied species ranging from the Columbia River to Mendocino County, California, which may also range up the Washington coast to the vicinity of “ King George’s Sound,”’ i. e., the Gulf of Georgia. ; a Rees’ Cyclopedia 13: no. 3. 1809. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 193 2. Erythronium montanum 5S. Wats. Proc. Am. Ac ad. 26: 130. 1891. Type Locatity: ‘‘ Mt. Hood, Mt. Adams, ete.’ Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon; Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2496; Olympic Mountains, Piper, 2220; Henderson 2038; Mount Rainier, Piper 2118; Paradise Valley, Flett 256; Goat Mountains, Allen 83; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 11, 1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 456. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Erythronium grandiflorum Pursh, FI. 1: 231. 1814. Erythronium grandiflorum minus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 182. 1839. Type Locauity: “On the Kooskooskee,’’ Idaho. Collected by Lewis. The exact spot is opposite the present town of Kamiah. RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1676, June, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Erythronium parvifiorum (S. Wats.) Goodding, Bot. Gaz. 33: 67. 1902. Erythronium grandiflorum parviflorum 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 129. 1891. Type Loca.ity: “In the mountains from Colorado and northern Utah to British America, in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and in the Cascades of Washington and British Columbia.” Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Eimer 2491; Olympic Mountains, Henderson 20394; Silverton, Bouck 189; Mount Rainier, Piper, 2100; Flett 260; Goat Mountains, Allen 82; Klickitat River, Flett 1118; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; near Ellensburg, Whited, April, 1897; Simcoe Mountains, [Tow elt i in 1879; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1053; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. LLOYDIA. 1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 527. 1830. Anthericum serotinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 444. 1762. Lloydia alpina Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 328. 1812. Tyee Locatity: “Habitat in alpibus Angliae, Helvetiae, Taureri rastadiensis, Wal- laesiae.”’ Rance: Arctic regions, southward in the mountains to Washington, Nevada, and Colo- rado. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 850; Mount Baker, lett 861; Mount Baldy, Conard 285, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ‘ CALOCHORTUS. Flowers pink or purple, erect. Petals acute or acuminate, yellow at base .................--. 1. @. macrocarpus. Petals obtuse or truncate, ocellate at base. Flowers 2 to 2.5 cm. long; petals denticulate _............ 2. C. longebarbatus. Flowers 3 to 4 cm. long; petals entire _....... 2.2.2.2. .-- 3. CO. nitidus. Flowers white or yellowish, nodding. Petals pale yellow, sparsely hairy inside; gland naked _._... -- - 4. OC. apiculatus. Petals white, very hairy inside, broadly ovate; gland more or less covered by a scale. Petals obtuse; pods nodding. Stems 5 to 15 cm. high; seale deeply lacerate.__.--. - 5. Stems 20 to 40 cm. high; scales subentire. 29418—06 m 13 = elegans. 194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sepals each with a conspicuous purple pit at base; anthers caudate at apex..-.-.---.-.--------- 8. C. subalpinus. Sepals without pit at base; anthers merely acumi- nate ....22.2220 22-22-22 ee eee ee eee eee 6. C. purdyi. Petals narrowly ovate, acute; pods erect ...........-.-.- 7. CY lyallii. 1. Calochortus macrocarpus Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 276. ¢. 8. 1830. Type Locauity: “Dry barren grounds around the Great Falls of the Columbia, and on the summit of the low hills between them and the Grand Rapids.” Collected by Douglas, June, 1825. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in June, 1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 409; without locality, Vasey 83; Kreager 391, Ellensburg, Elmer 393; near Ellensburg, Whited 539; Piper, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 1269; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 462; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July, 1894; Steamboat Rock, McKay 21; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1892; Pullman, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Piper 1681; Waitsburg, Horner 463; Illia, Lake & Hull, June 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Calochortus longebarbatus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 381. 1882. Type Locauity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf RanaeE: Klickitat County and adjacent Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 64; Klickitat Valley, Howell 560; Klickitat River, Flett 1123. This species differs constantly from C. nitidus in producing a bulblet on the stem at the surface of the ground. 3. Calochortus nitidus Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. 7: 277. ¢. 9. 1830. Calochortus pavonaceus Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894. Type Locauity: “On the chain of the Blue Mountains and mountainous districts of the Columbia, from the confluence of the Spokane River upwards.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1680; Henderson 2484; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 618. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Calochortus apiculatus Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875. Tyre Locatity: “Columbia brittanica ad montes Pend Oreille et Kootenay.’ Col- lected by Lyall. This must be very close to where Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia meet. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Miss Kate Reed; Pend Oreille and Kootenay rivers, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. Calochortus elegans Pursh, FI. 1: 240. 1814. Calochortus elegans minor Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 183. 1839. Calochortus elegans major Hook. loc. cit. Type Locauity. “On the headwaters of the Kooskooky,’’ Idaho. Collected by Lewis. The exact place is opposite Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: Washington, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hull 811; Henderson 2483; Wenache, Whited 40, 1139. ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition to Canadian. Small specimens of this species have been referred erroneously to C. elegans nanus Wood, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 195 6. Calochortus purdyi Eastwood, Proc. Cal. Acad. IIL. 1: 137. 1898. Tyre LocaLity: Grants Pass, Oregon, Collected by Howell. Rance: Western Washington and western Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June 4, 1883; Meany, June, 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 7. Calochortus lyallii Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 305. 1875. Calochortus ciliatus Robinson & Seaton, Bot. Gaz. 18: 238. 1893. Tyre Locatity: “Columbia brittanica ad apicem montis alt. 5,800 pedes inter fluv. Columbia et Yakima.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: Eastern Washington, in the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson 2485; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 575; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1139, 40; Cotton 1266, 1313, 1657; Wenache region, Brandegee 1107; without locality, Vasey 82. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. A specimen of F’. eiliatus from the Wenache Mountains, the type locality for each sup- posed species, was sent to Mr. J. G. Baker, who reports that it “is not exactly the same”’ as the type of C. lyallii, “as it differs in the relative length of anther to filament.” A fairly large series of specimens convinces me that two species can not be maintained as distinct on such a basis. 8. Calochortus subalpinus sp. nov. Bulbs ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, the outer coats dark; stems flexuous, erect, 15 to 20 em. high, usually exceeded by the solitary leaf, 1 to 3-flowered; leaf linear-lanceolate, acumi- nate, 3 to 8 mm. wide, paler beneath; bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, 2 to 3 em. long; sepals lance-ovate, acuminate, somewhat scarious on the margins, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 6 to 9-nerved, the base strongly arched forming a shallow pit inside, this marked by a purple spot; petals cream-colored, purplish at base, obovate or rhombic-orbicular, 2 to 3 cm. long, slightly erose at margin, sparsely villous over the upper face above the striate minutely puberulent gland excepting a narrow portion near the apex; scale narrow, entire, extending in a gentle curve nearly across the petal and covered with long, retrorse hairs: filaments broadly wing-margined, equalling the long-beaked anthers; capsules nodding, narrowly elliptic, rather acutish at each end, 2 to 3 cm. long, beaked by a style 1 to 2 mm. long. A subalpine species closely allied to C. purdyi Eastwood, which differs in having thinner sepals lacking the pit at the base, more villous petals without the naked apical area, less villous scales which are very strongly arched, a much thinner perfectly smooth gland, and merely acuminate, not beaked, anthers. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington: Mount St. Helens, Coville 765, July 18, 1898; Mount Adams, Henderson 52; Klickitat River, Flett 1124; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 11, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 1, August 1881. Oregon: Mount Hood, A. Wood in 1866; Gorman, September 23, 1896; Dr. C. H. Mer- ram, altitude 6,000 to 7,000 feet in 1896; Howell in i881 (type, in U. S. National Her- barium); Three Sisters, Gorman 121, July 21, 1903, altitude 6,000 feet. This species was included in C. elegans nanus Wood by its author, but the type of that came from near Yreka, California, and is quite different from this subalpine or alpine northern species. In Howell’s Flora of Northwest America this species is well described, but under the name C’. /yallii Baker, which belongs to a very different species. The species has also been confused with C. apiculatus Baker. MELANTHACEAE. Buncnu-rirower Famity. Anthers 1-celled; leaves neither rigid nor equitant. Leaves broad; petioles sheathing; flowers ina large panicle... VeraTRuM (p- 196). aves narrow, grass-like. 196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers erect, each segment bearing a gland at base... ZyGaADENUs (p. 197). Flowers nodding; perianth segments glandless. .... .. -- STENANTHIUM (p. 197.). Anthers 2-celled; leaves rigid or equitant. Leaves equitant; pedicels bracteolate................-.-. ToFiELDA (p. 196). Leaves not equitant, harsh and rigid; pedicels naked ._....- XEROPHYLLUM (p. 197). VERATRUM. [FALSE HELLEBORE. Flowers green; panicle drooping. ......-...-.-.---------.--------- 1. V. wiride. Flowers white; panicle erect. Terminal branch of the panicle much elongated _............--- 2. V. caudatum. Terminal branch of the panicle rather short ....-.---.-.------- 3. V. californicum. 1. Veratrum viride Ait. Hort. Kew 3: 422. 1789. GREEN HELLEBORE. Veratrum lobelianum eschscholzianum Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7: 1555. 1830. Veratrum eschscholtzii Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 4: 119. 1837. Type Loca.iry: North America. Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick southward to Washington, Minnesota, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2501; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf 213; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 609; Bridge Creek, Elmer 665; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Veratrum caudatum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 588. 1899. Tyre Locauiry: ‘In wet meadows at Montesano, Chehalis County, Washington.” Collected by Heller. Rance: Western Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4013; Seattle, Piper 1101; Chehalis River, Lamb 1236. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This may be merely a form of V. californicum Durand, but the plant is somewhat different in habit. 3. Veratrum californicum Durand, Journ. Acad. Phila. 3: 103. 1854. WHITE HELLEBORE. PLATE XX. Veratrum speciosum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900. Type Locauiry: California. Collected by Pratt. Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 65; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 174; North Fork Atanum, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 518; Wenache, Whited; Palouse, Henderson, July 15, 1892; Pullman, Piper; without locality, Vasey 99; Mount Carlton, Kreager 263. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Veratrum californicum Durand is described as having petioled leaves, but the type specimen clearly shows that the so-called petiole is only a part of the sheathing base. . TOFIELDIA. 1. Tofieldia intermedia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 528. 1900. Type Loca.iry: ‘‘Sheh-Shooh Lake, Alaska.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2504; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2242; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Poper 2133; Flett 291; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 274; Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Mount Stuart, #lmer 1227: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August 31, 1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 516; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 629; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 610; Bridge Creek, Elmer. PLATE XX. XI Vol Nat. Herb., Contr WHITE HELLEBORE ‘| VERATRUM CALIFORNICUM). raph by rT Photos \rid Transition area. Leckenby, ’ un I A. dant in the moist thats and vales or the A Commmot | PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 197 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. This species has been confused with both 7’. glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. and 7’. occidentalis 5. Wats. STENANTHIUM. 1. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 405, 1873. Stenanthella occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 531. 1900. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘In the Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Bourgeau. ‘ RanGe: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 137; Piper 2226; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Clallam County, Elmer 2503; Silverton, Bouck 188a; Goat Mountains, Allen 233; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Cape Horn, Howell in 1877; Piper 4966. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic to Canadian. XEROPHYLLUM. 1. Xerophyllum tenax (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. 1: 235, 1818. PINE LILY. Helonias tenar Pursh, Fl. 1: 243. 1814. ¢ Tyre Loca.iry: “On the high lands near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis, June 25, 1806, on which date he was on Collins [Lolo] Creek, Idaho. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2505; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Carlton, A’reager 273. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. This plant was formerly much used by the Indians in basketry work. It ranges in altitude from near the sea level in Mason County to 6,000 feet on Mount Rainier. On the Lolo Trail, where Lewis collected the type, it is exceedingly abundant, often covering hundreds of acres. It is also known as bear grass and squaw grass. ZYGADENUS. Petals 8 to 10 mm. long; gland obcordate ............-------------- 1. Z. elegans. Petals 6 to 8 mm. long; gland obovate. Inflorescence paniculate; petals acute .._.._-.-...------------- 2. Z. paniculatus. Inflorescence racemose; petals obtuse .......-.---------.------- 3. Z. venenosis. 1. Zygadenus elegans Pursh, Fl. 1: 241. 1814. Tyre Locauity: “On the waters of the Cokahlaishkit River, near the Rocky Moun- tains”’ [i. e., Big Blackfoot River, Montana]. Collected by Lewis. Rance: Alaska to New Brunswick, south to Washington, Colorado, Minnesota, and Vermont. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, //ett 109; Wenache Mountains, Whited 718; Wenache Region, Brandegee 1112; Loomis, Klmer 597. 2. Zygadenus paniculatus 8S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 343. 1871. Type Locauiry: “Oregon and Washington. Frequent on the foot-hills of the Virginia, Trinity, and West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch.” RanGe: Washington to Nevada and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 354, Piper 2671; Ellensburg to Wenas, Whited 276; Wenache Valley, Whited 85, 1054; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 704; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 577, 366; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; without locality, Vasey; Waitsburg, Horner B493. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Zygadenus venenosus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 279. 1879. | Deatn cAMas. TYPE LOCALITY: Salinas Valley, ‘‘among hills,” Monterey County, California, according to the label on the type specimen. Collected by Brewer. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2493; Humptulips, Lamb 1185; Whidby Island, Gardner 294; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 893; Admiralty Head, Piper,.May, 1898; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Snoqualmie, Smith 1060; Steilacoom, Piper 211; Muckleshoot Prairie, Ruhn; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 515; Klickitat River, Flett 1120; Pullman, Piper 1672, Elmer 831; without locality, Vasey in 1889, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species as here accepted is quite variable, but none of the forms seems susceptible of segregation. The western Washington forms are more nearly typical, having the glands of the perianth very distinctly limited. The poisonous qualities of the bulb of this plant are certainly much exaggerated, if indeed there is any real basis in fact for its reputed virulence. The Washington specimens referred by Hooker @ to Leimanthium nuttallii and by Cooper > to Anticlea nuttallit and A. douglasti are with little doubt Zygadenus venenosus. CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily or THE VALLEY FAMILy. Leaves reduced to scales; branches thread-like, green... ....-._.. ASPARAGUS (p. 202). Leaves foliaceous; branches not thread-like. Plant producing but one flower. Leaves three in a whorl......-...-.-22.-222.-2.-2-.--.- TRILLIUM (p. 198). Leaves all basal, not whorled....-. 2.2.2.2. 222222-22--- CLINTONIA (p. 199). Plant producing several to many flowers. Inflorescence a raceme or panicle. Perianth segments six..-.-.-.......2.-.22-------- VAGNERA (p. 199). Perianth segments four..................----.-.-- Uniro.ium (p. 200). Inflorescence an umbel or flowers solitary. Flowers terminal on the branches, solitary or umbelled. Disporum (p. 201). Flowers axillary, usually solitary. Perianth narrowly campanulate...........-.. SrrEPToPUS (p. 201). Perianth rotate....................-.-2------ Kruusea (p. 202). TRILLIUM. Flowers white, becoming purplish, peduncled. Leaves rhombic-ovate; rhizome horizontal; petals much longer than the sepals ....... 2.22.22. -2-2-.-220-222-22-2-22.-2-.- 1. T. ovatum. Leaves ovate; rhizome vertical; petals scarcely longer than the sepals... 2.222222 222222 eee eee eee 2. T. crassifolium. Flowers sessile. Leaves sessile, mottled; petals whitish ............2..22...... 3. T. chloropetalum. Leaves petioled, not mottled; petals brown-purple ............. 4. T. petiolatum. 1. Trillium ovatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 245. 1814. W AKE-ROBIN. Trillium obovatum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 180. 1839. Type Loca.ity: ‘On the rapids of the Columbia River.”” Collected by Lewis, April 10, 1806, on which date he was at the foot of the Cascades of the Columbia. RancE: British Columbia to California and Idaho. @ Flora Bor. Am. 2: 177. b Pac. R. Rep. 127: 69. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 199 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2498; Port Ludlow, Binns, March 30, 1889: Silverton, Bouck 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 58; Piper, August, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 75; Easton, Whited 295; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 770; without locality, Vasey 85; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 188. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 2. Trillium crassifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 104. 1899. Type Locaity: ‘Foothills near Wenatchee,” Wash. Collected by Whited. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited, April, 1899; May, 1900. 3. Trillium chloropetalum (Torr.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 661. 1902. Trillium sessile chloropetalum Torr. Pac. R. Rep, 4: 151. 1856. Trillium sessile californicum Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 14: 273. 1879. Typr Locauitry: ‘ Redwoods,” California. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Roy, Flett 2223. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. A. Trillium petiolatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 244. 1814. Type Locatiry: “On the waters of the Kooskooskee.” Collected by Lewis, June 15, 1806. On that day Lewis was on the Lolo River, Idaho. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Spokane County, Suksdorf 457; Spokane hills, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper 1674; Elmer 125. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. CLINTONIA. 1. Clintonia uniflora (Schult.) Kunth, Enum. Pi. 5: 159. 1850. Smilacina borealis uniflora Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. 7": 307. 1829. Smilacina uniflora Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor, Am. 2: 175. t. 190. 1839. Type LocaLity: “In ora occidentali Americae borealis.” Collected by Menzies. RANGE: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 74; Sil- verton, Bouck 180; Mount Rainier, Flett 262; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 560; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July and October, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 612; Peshas- tin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; between Spokane and Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 184, 229; without locality, Vasey 98. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. VAGNERA. Flowers numerous, small, in panicles. Styles nearly as long as the ovaries ....-.---------- 3. V.. amplericaulis. Styles very short... ....-----------------+-++----- 3a. V. amplexicaulis brachystyla. Flowers larger, few, in racemes. Leaves flat and spreading........-.--------------- 2.V. sessilifolia. Leaves folded, ascending. ......------------------ 1.V. stellata. 1. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 114. 1894. Convallaria stellata LL. Sp. Pl. 1: 316. 1753. Smilacina stellata Desf. Ann. Mus. Par. 9: 52. 1807. Typr LocaLiry: Canada. 200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Range: Washington to Labrador, south to California, New Mexico, Iowa, and Penn- sylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 351; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; Blue Mountains, Horner 194. 2. Vagnera sessilifolia (Baker) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894. Tovaria sessilifolia Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 566. 1875. Smilacina sessilifolia Nutt; Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 245. 1879. Smilacina stellata sessilifolia Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 358. 1900. Type Locauity: “America borealis occidentalis a Columbia brittanica ad Californiam et Mexicum Novum.” Range: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2495; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; near Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 185; Valley of Nisqually, Allen 37; Tacoma, Flett 90; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 173; Falcon Val- ley, Suksdorf 172; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1052; Sunnyside, Cotton 374; Klickitat River, Flett 1122; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 126; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Almota Creek, Piper, May, 1897; Pullman, Elmer 117; Piper, July, 1900; Hull 616; Waitsburg, Horner 195; without locality, Vasey ; Clarks Springs, Kreager 45; Mount Carlton, Kreager 221, 252. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Region 316. 1894. Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1834. Smilacina racemosa amplericaulis Wats. Bot. King Explor. 345. 1871. Vagnera brachypetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 268, 1901. Tyre vocatity: “In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2500; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1345: Coupe- ville, Gardner 290; Tacoma, Flett 203; Silverton, Bouck 186; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1006; Wenache, Whited 1051; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 648; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 15, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 271. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. A variable species distinguishable with difficulty from V. racemosa (L:) Morong. 3a. Vagnera amplexicaulis brachystyla (Henderson). Smilacina racemosa brachystyla Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 357. 1900. Tyre Locauity: “In the Yakima country,” Washington. RanGE: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 810; Moore, June, 1893: Piper, July 20, 1899. UNIFOLIUM. 1. Unifolium bifolium kamtschaticum (Gmel.). Convallaria bifolia kamtschatica Gmel.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 587. 1831. Maranthemum bifolium dilatatum Wood, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1868: 174. 1868 TYPE LocALITy: Kamtschatka. Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2494; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piper 200; Tacoma, Flett 197; Nisqually Valley, Allen 73; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29, 1886; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This plant was referred to Smilacina bifolia L. in Hooker’s Flora and to Smilacina hifolia trifolia in Cooper’s List. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 201 DISPORUM. Perianth broad at base; stigma 3-cleft................---.---2-.-2.----- 1. D. smithir. Perianth narrowed at base. Fruit ovate, pubescent ; stigma entire wee eee eee e ee ee eee eee ee eee 2. D. oreganum. Fruit globose, papillose; stigma 3-cleft................22-2-.-.--- 3. D. majus. 1. Disporum smithii (Hook.). Uvularia smith Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 174. t. 189. 1838. Prosartes menziesti D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1: 48. 1839 (December) or 1840. Disporum menziesit Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 15: 188. 1888. Type Locauity: ‘“ Nutka Sound.’ Collected by Menzies. RanGeE: British Columbia to north California, near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1039a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 25, 1893; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 13, 1892; without locality, Vasey 97. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Disporum oreganum (S. Wats.) Benth. & Hook.; Howell, Fl. N.W. Am. 1: 659. 1902. Prosartes oreganam 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 271. 1879. TYPE LocaLity: Oregon. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2497; Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895; Nisqually Valley, Allen 148; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Tacoma, Flett, May, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 513; along Salmon River, Horner 472; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 1110; Fort Vancouver, Tol- mie; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 644; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; foot- hills of Blue Mountains, Horner 189; without locality, Vasey; Frontier, Kreager 468. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Disporum majus (Hlook.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 188. 1888. Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 174. 1889. Prosartes trachycarpa 5. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 344. 1871. Type LocaLity: “Between Norway House and Cumberland House Fort.’’? Collected by Richardson. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 181; along Twisp River, Whited, July, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 901; Conconully, Whited 13821; Wenache, Whited 69; Clealum, Whited 422?; Spokane, Piper 2285, 2268; along Salmon River, Horner 473; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 310; Clarks Springs, Hreager 130. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Prosartes lanuginosa major Hook. has been associated with P. oreganum Wats., but mis- takenly, since the latter species does not range east of Idaho. A Richardson specimen in the Gray Herbarium perhaps of the type collection is unquestionably P. trachycarpum Wats. We have, therefore, no hesitancy in giving the synonymy as above. STREPTOPUS. Leaves glaucous beneath, half-clasping; flowers greenish -.__... ~~ -- - 1. S. amplexifolius. Leaves green on both sides, sessile; flowers, rose-colored. ..-...-.--. 2. S. roseus. 1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. Fl. Fr. 3: 174. 1805. Uvularia amplexifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 304. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘“ Habitat in Bohemiae, Silesiae, Saxoniae, Delphinatus montibus.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador and southward to Arizona and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Coupeville, Gard- ner, May 25, 1897; Silverton, Bouck 182; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Tacoma, Fett, 204; Stevens 202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 737; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 615; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 646; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey 104; Mount Carlton, Kreager 254, 191. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Streptopus roseus Michx. Fl]. 1: 201. 1803. Streptopus curvipes Vail, Bull. Torr. Club. 28: 267. 1901. Type Locatity: “Hab. in excelsis montibus Carolinae septentrionalis et in Canada.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon, Labrador, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Lake Cushman, Piper in 1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 12, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 183; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10,1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf' 44; Stampede Pass, Henderson, April 10, 1892; Stevens Pass, Whited 1460; Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 652. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The western form of this species is commonly smaller than that of the eastern States, and shows a tendency to produce longer rhizomes, but we believe these differences are not specific, especially as rhizomatous forms occur also in the Allegheny Mountains. KRUHSEA. 1. Kruhsea streptopoides (Ledeb.) Kearney in Herron, Explor. in Alaska, Adj. Gen. Off. 31: 74. 1901. Smilacina streptopoides Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 4: 128. 1853. Kruhsea tilingiana Regel, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 11: 122. 1859. Streptopus brevipes Baker, Journ. Linn. Soc. 14: 592. 1875. Type Locaity: “Hab. in Siberia orientali pr. Ajan! inque insula Sitka.” Rance: Alaska to Washington. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cacsade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ASPARAGUS. 1. Asparagus officinalis.L. Sp. Pl. 1: 313. 1753. ASPARAGUS. The cultivated asparagus quickly escapes from cultivation and becomes more or less established. This is especially true in somewhat alkaline lands in the Yakima Valley. IRIDACEAE. Iris FaAmity. Flowers very large; styles petal-like -.......22.22.....-.------- Iris (p. 202). Flowers moderate; styles filiform. Filaments united to the top; flowers usually blue .........- SISYRINCHIUM (p, 203), Filaments united only at base; flowers never blue. Flowers yellow; styles cleft to the middle ...........- Hypasty.us (p. 204). Flowers red; styles cleft near the top......-.-.-.-.--- OLsyNiuM (p. 204). IRIS. Stems leafy; bracts green, not scarious...........-.-.-.-------.- 2. J. tenaz. Stems leafless; bracts largely scarious...............-.---------- 1. 1. missouriensis. 1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 58. 1884. PiaTE XXI. Tris tolmieana Herbert, Bot. Beech. Voy. 396. 1839. Tris caurina Herbert; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 206. 1839 (November). Type Locatity: “Towards the sources of the Missouri.’ Collected by Wyeth. RaNGE: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 278, 426; Ellensburg, Whited, May, 1897; Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser, PLATE XXI. IRIS MISSOURIENSIS. In low lands near Prosser. Yakima Counts, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 203 Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 100; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893; Elmer 824; Piper 1683; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 67. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Some Washington specimens have been referred to [ris longipetala Herbert, but all such seem to us forms of /. missouriensis. The occurrence of this species on Whidby Island is surprising. No other station for the plant is known west of the Cascade Mountains. 2. Iris tenax Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1218. 1829. Type Locatiry: “A common plant in north California and along the coast of New Georgia, in dry soils or open parts of woods, flowering in April and May.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3876; Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper 4943. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. SISYRINCHIUM. BLUE-EYED GRASs. Bracts of the spathe linear, equally narrow, the inner exceeding the flowers, the outer much longer... ........-.------------------- 1. S. sarmentosum. Bracts of the spathe dissimilar, the inner broader than the outer and always shorter than the flowers. Perianth-segments 4 to 7 mm. long, white or pale; leaves and stems 0.5 to 1 mm. wide .........-.--------------------- 2. 8. septentrionale. Perianth-segments 12 to 18 mm. long, blue. Stems usually 2-branched ........-.------------------- 3. S. birameum. Stems always simple. Leaves 1 to3.5 mm. broad, firm; stems 1 to3mm. wide. 4. S. :dahoense. Leaves 0.5 to 1.5 mm. broad, soft; stems 1 to 1.5 mm wide..........----------+-------- sees eee ee tl 5. S. segetum. 1. Sisyrinchium sarmentosum Suksdorf, Erythea 3: 121. 1895. Type LocaLity: Skamania County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2233. 2. Sisyrinchium septentrionale Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 452. 1899. Tyre LocaLiry: Moose Mountain Creek, Assiniboia. Rance: Assiniboia to Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Spokane to Colville,” Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842. 3. Sisyrinchium birameum sp. nov. _ Loosely tufted, 40 to 50 cm. high, the herbage discolored in drying; stems smooth, erect, winged, the principal ones branched above, 1 to 2 mm. broad; leaves firm, erect, rather few, about half the height of the stem, 2 to 3 mm. broad, acute; cauline leaf when present 8 to 10 mm. long, the two peduncles usually exceeding it; bracts of the spathe subequal, lanceolate, purplish, the inner 2 to 2.5 cm. long, always shorter than the pedicels, the outer often of the same length, sometimes a half longer, both hyaline-margined and attenuate-acute; flowers 2 to 5 on slender, erect pedicels; perianth dark blue with a yellow eye, its segments 12 to 15 mm. long; stamineal column 5 to 6 mm. long; ovaries glandular- puberulent; capsules globose, 4 to 5 mm. broad; seeds black, foveolate, 1 mm. long, the angles irregularly winged. Collected in swamps near Vancouver, June 5, 1905, no. 4926, the type in the National Herbarium. The species is closely allied to S. idahoense Bicknell, but its frequently branched stems scarcely permit its association therewith. Typical S. idahoense occurred, however, in drier ground near by and it is possible that our plant is merely a luxuriant branched form of that species. . 204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4, Sisyrinchium idahoense Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 445. 1899. Type LocaLity: Kootenai County, Idaho. Collected by Leiberg. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3883; Prosser, Henderson 2543; Ellensburg, Whited 453; Pullman, Piper 1684; Hull 608; Elmer 213, 825; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 78; Satus, Cotton 1119; Vancouver, Piper 4938. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species was formerly considered the same as the eastern S. mucronatum Michx., under which name several references to our flora occur. ’ §. Sisyrinchium segetum Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 449. 1899. Type LocaLity: Seattle, Washington. Rance: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1176; Admiralty Head, Piper, May 27, 1898; Seattle, Piper, May, 1892; Meany 196; Coupeville, Gardner 283; Tacoma, Flett 187; Olympia, Henderson 2542. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Very near S. idahoense, but perhaps distinct by its narrower and thinner leaves and stems. HYDASTYLUS. Pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long; leaves 2 to 5mm. broad................--- 1. A. brachypus. Pedicels 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves 1 to 3 mm. broad...........-.----- 2. H. borealis. These two supposed species are very similar and probably not distinct. Heretofore they have been referred to Sisyrinchium californicum Ait., a species that does not occur so far north. More material of these two forms is necessary to determine their status. 1. Hydastylus brachypus Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 379. 1900. Type Locatity: “Oregon.” Collected by E. Hall. Rance: Coasts of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1251; Westport, Henderson, June, 1892; Gran- ville, Conard 410. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Hydastylus borealis Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 378. 1900. Type LocaLity: Whatcom County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Coast of Washington and Vancouver Island. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 411; Suksdorf 1004. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. OLSYNIUM. 1. Olsynium grandiflorum (Dougl.) Raf. New Fl. Am. 1: 72. 1836. Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Dougl. Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1364. 1830. Type Locauity: ‘Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the river Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas in 1826. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 279; between Ellensburg and Wenache, W hited 58; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat River, lett 1112; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 34; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; Flmer 74; Piper, April, 1894, June, 1893; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 1383; Spokane, Piper. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 205 ORCHIDACEAE. Orcuip Famrry. Perfect anthers 2; lip large, sac-like.........-....--.-...--- CypRipepium (p. 205). Perfect anther 1. Plants saprophytic, without green herbage. Flowers spurred, reddish o1 white. .......---------- CoraLioruiza (p. 206). Flowers spurless, white. ...........-.------------- CEPHALANTHERA (p. 206). Plants with ordinary green herbage. Flower and leaf solitary; plant bulbous..........-.-- CYTHEREA (p. 207). Flowers several to many in racemes. Leaves only two. Both leaves cauline; lip 2-lobed..........- Opurys (p. 207). Both leaves basal; lip entire.............. Leprorcuis (p. 208). Leaves more than two. Cauline leaves reduced to bracts. Basal leaves several, white-reticulated.. PERAMIUM (p. 208). Basal leaves twe, green and shining. ... Lystas (p. 208). Cauline leaves not reduced to bracts. Anther on the face of the column. Stem leaves abruptly reduced; lat- eral sepals adnate to the base of the lip....-.------+---------- PrpEria (p. 208). ’ Stem leaves gradually reduced; lat- eral sepals free... ......------- Limnorcuis (p. 209). Flowers spirally arranged ina dense spike _...-...22..------------ Tpiprum (p. 211). Anthers on the summit of the column. Flowers in a loose leafy raceme. . . - - Epipactis (p. 211). CYPRIPEDIUM. Lapy’s slipper. Lip about 1 em. long; flowers greenish brown --......-.------------- 1 @. fasciculatum. Lip 1.5 to 5 em. long; flowers not greenish brown. Flowers yellow; lip 1.5 to 3. em. long.......-.-.------ weceeeee 2. C. parviflorum. Flowers brown, with a white lip 3 to 5 em. long.........--.----- 3. C. montanum. Dp 1. Cypripedium fasciculatum Kellogg; 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 380. 1882. Type Locauiry: “On the White Salmon River above the falls,’ Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 900, 310, May, June, 1886; Wen- ache Region, Brandegee 1095. 2. Cypripedium parviflorum Salish. Trans. Linn. Soe. 1: 77. 1791. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Sponte nascentem in Virginia.” Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland south to Washington, Missouri, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Sandberg & Leiberg 125; Suksdorf 946; Spo- kane, Piper, May, 1897; Henderson 2478. Our western form corresponds to C. flavescens DC. in Redoute, Lil. 1: pl. 20. 1802, questionably distinguishable by somewhat narrower leaves and with the lip a little com- pressed laterally. 3. Cypripedium montanum Dougl.; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 528. 1840. Type Locauity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 572; Wenache Mountains, Whited 152; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Kalispel Valley, Areager in 1902; Mount 206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Carlton, Kreager 285; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 623; Pullman, Carl Cozier, June, 1901; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. CORALLORHIZA. Cora. roor. Spur none; petals and sepals purple, veiny............-...-.-...... 1. C. striata. Spur present. Petals and sepals pale, 1-nerved; spur very short...........-.... 2. C. corallorhiza. Petals and sepals 3-nerved; spur prominent. Spur wholly attached to the ovary..........-.-..-.-.-.-.-.. 3. C. multiflora. Spur free for its apical half............-22.2.-22.2-202----.- 4. C. mertensiana. 1. Corallorhiza striata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840. Type Loéauiry: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to New York, south to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 276; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 53; Roy, Allen, May 19, 1889; near Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 59; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 785. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 448. 1880-83. Ophrys corallorhiza L. Sp. Pl. 2: 945. 1753. Corallorhiza innata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 209. 1813. TypE LocaLity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Washington, Nebraska, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Skamania County, Suksdorf’ 579; Larm River, Suksdorf 171; Blue Mountains, Horner 469; Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Corallorhiza multiflora occidentalis Lind]. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 534. 1840. Tyre Locaciry: California. RanGE: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2553; Chehalis County, Lamb 1163; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 33; Mount Ranier, Flett 280; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Roy, Allen, June, 1889; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 468; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Big Meadow, Kreager 414, 420. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 4. Corallorhiza mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 165. 1832. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2554; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1292; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 234; Skamania County, Suksdorf, July 25, 1886; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. CEPHALANTHERA. 1. Cephalanthera austinae (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900. Chloroea austinae A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 83. 1876. Cephalanthera oregana Reichenb. Linnaea 41: 53. 1877. Type Loca.ity: “Banks of a wooded ravine in the Sierra Nevada, California, near Quincy in Plumas Co.” Collected by Mrs. R. M. Austin. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 207 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 149; Elbe, Flett 289; Falcon Val- ley, Suksdorf 500; Wind River, Flett 1109; Blue Mountains, Piper 2428; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. CYTHEREA. 1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 382. 1905. CALYPSO. Cypripedium bulbosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 951. 1753. Calypso borealis Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 89. 1806. Cytherea borealis Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 1: 301. 1812. Calypso bulbosa Oakes, Cat. Vermont PI. 28. 1842. Calypso bulbosa “forma occidentalis”? Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 251. 1895. Calypso occidentalis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 193. 1898. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Lapponia, Russia, Sibiria.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Michigan, and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper 193; Tacoma, Flett 111; Olympia, Cooper; Roy, Allen, April 19, 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 467. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. The western form of this species has the hairs on the lip white instead of yellow. It grows commonly in places carpeted by Hypnum, but we have never found it occurring in Sphagnum, as it does in the New England States. OPHRYS. Column very short, 5 mm. long........-.-..-------------------- 1. O. cordata. Column 2 to 3 mm. long. Lip 5 mm. long; ovary glabrous. .........--.---.-.--------- 2. O. caurina. Lip 9 mm. long; ovary glandular... - . Looe ee eee ee--------- 8. O. convallarioides. 1. Ophrys cordata L. Sp. PI. 2: 946. 1753. Listera cordata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 5: 201. 1813. Listera nephrophylla Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 108. 1900. Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Europae frigidae sylvis humentibus.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Lamb 1093; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859: Skokomish Valley, Aincaid, May, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 780; Ilwaco, Piper 4951; Seattle, Piper in 1885. ZONAL DisTRiBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Ophrys caurina (Piper) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905. Listera caurina Piper, Erythea 6: 32. 1898. Listera retusa Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900. TypPe LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Type collected by Henderson. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2548; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1295; Mount Baker, Flett 865; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2326; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 380; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Ophrys convallarioides (Sw.) W. F. Wight, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 380. 1905. Epipactis convallarioides Sw. Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockh. II. 21: 232. 1800. Tastera convallarioides 'Torr. Comp. 320. 1826. , Type Locauitry: ‘i. Terra Nova Amer. sept.” Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Vermont. 208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1402; near Mount Rainier, Smith, August, 1890; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 641; Blue Mountains, Piper 2426; Davis ranch, Kreager 301. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. LEPTORCHIS. 1. Leptorchis loeselii (L.) MacM. Met. Minn. 173. 1893. _ Ophrys loeselii L. Sp. Pl. 2: 947. 1753. Liparis loeselii Richard, Mem. Mus. Par. 4: 60. 1818. Tyre cocatity: “Habitat in Sueciae, Borussiae paludibus.”’ Range: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to Missouri and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 25, August, 1881. PERAMIUM. 1. Peramium decipiens (Hook.). RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN. Spiranthes decipiens Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 203. 1839. Goodyera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 492. 1840. Peramium menziesii Morong, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 124. 1894. Tyre Locatity: Lake Huron. Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Railroad Creek, Elmer 860; Nisqually Valley, Allen 32; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 786; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Davis ranch, Kreager 209; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 340. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, LYSIAS. 1. Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901. Orchis orliculata Pursh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814. Habenaria orbiculata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: ¢. 145. 1825. Platanthera menziesii Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 286. 1835. Type Locatity: “‘On the mountains of Pennsylvania and Virginia.”’ RanGeE: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Washington and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baker, Flett 867; Monte Cristo Lake, Misses Coffin & Goodspeed, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 342. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. , PIPERIA. Spur short, slightly exceeding the lip .-............-......-.------ 1. P. unalaschensis. Spur slender, 2 to 3 times as long as the lip. Lip linear to lanceolate. Spike loose; lip 4 to 5 mm. long; spur 8 te 10 mm. long.... 2. P. leptopetala. Spike dense; lip 6 mm. long; spur 15 to 18 mm. Jon..___.. 3. P. multiflora. Lip ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Spike usually loose; stems 40 to 70 cm. high-.............- 4. P. elegans. Spike very dense; stems stout, 20 to 30 em. high...._...-- 5. P. michaeli. 1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901. ‘Spiranthes unalaschensis Spreng. Syst. 3: 708. 1826. Habenaria schischmarefiiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 29. 1828. Habenaria foetida Wats. Bot. King Explor. 341. 1871. Type Locauity: ‘Ins. Aleut.”’ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 209 Rance: Alaska to California, eastward to Alberta and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2552; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Brooklyn, Savage 19; Twisp River, Whited, July, 1896; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 617; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 568; Mount Rainier, Allen; Klickitat River, Henderson, August, 1892; Wind River, Flett 1111; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 2. Piperia leptopetala Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 637. 1901. Type Locaity: ‘Mountains east of San Diego,” California. Collected by Parry. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually River, Wilkes Expedition 146; Point Orchard, Piper 1081 in part. This supposed species may prove to be only a form of P. elegans. 3. Piperia multiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 638. 1901. TypE Locauity: Grays Harbor, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: Washington to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition in 1838-1842; Cascade Moun- tains, Brandegee 475. Like the preceding, this may have to be reduced to P. elegans. Good suites of specimens in this group are needed to clear up the species. 4. Piperia elegans (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901. Platanthera elegans Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 285. 1835. Habenaria elegans Boland. Cat. Pl. San Franc. 29. 1870. Piperia elongata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 270. 1901. Type Locaxity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 275, 271; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper, August, 1891; Tacoma, Flett, June 20, 1896; Mount Adams, Henderson 68: Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Haven’s ranch, Henderson, August 2, 1892; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 352; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 647a; Blue Mountains, Piper August 2, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 199. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Piperia michaeli (Greene) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 640. 1901. Habenaria michaeli Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 306. 1894. Type Locatitry: “Open hills, under oaks, etc., from near Livermore southward,” Cali- fornia. RanGeE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition 1554 in part; Nisqually River, Wilkes Expedition 146 in part. LIMNORCHIS. Flowers green or sometimes purple-tinged. Spur clavate, much shorter than the lanceolate lip; spike long and dense. .._..............-.---------------- 1. L. stricta. Spur not clavate, about as long as the lanceolate lip; spike short and dense........ 22.22.2220... 2 2222 2 ee eee ee 2. L. viridiflora. Flowers white or whitish. Lip linear; spike loose, few-flowered............-......- 3. L. laxiflora. Lip lanceolate, broadest at base. 29418—06 m——14 210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Spur clavate, usually shorter than the lip..........- 4. L. dilatata. Spur not clavate, longer than the lip. Spike moderately dense; spur acutish.......... 5. L. leucostachys. Spike very dense; spur obtuse................. 5a. L. leucostachys robusta. 1. Limnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 105. 1900. Platanthera stricta Lind]. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835. Habenaria gracilis Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 277. 1877. Type Locauity: ‘In America boreali-occidentali.”” Collected by Douglas. Raneae: Alaska to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elnier 2549; Mount Rainier, Smith 874; Piper 2094; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Seattle, Piper, June, 1889; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 76; Mount Adams, Suksdorf' 41; Wind River, Flett 110; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 624 in part; Ellens- burg, Whited 532; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 302; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 647; Ilwaco, Piper 5001; Kreager 189; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 415. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. 2. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 616. 1901. Habenaria borealis viridiflora Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828. Type vocaity: ‘In Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 452. Perhaps not distinct from L. hyperborea (L.) Rydb. (Habenaria hyperborea R. Br.), to which it has been referred. 3. Limnorchis laxiflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 630. 1901. Type LocaLiry: Coast Mountains, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eastern Washington, without locality, Wilkes Expedition. 4. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydberg in Britton, Man. 294. 1901. Orchis dilatata Pursh, Fl. 2: 588. 1814. Habenaria dilatata Hook. Exot. Fl. 2: ¢. 95. 1825. Habenaria borealis Cham. Linnaea 3: 28. 1828. Type Locauiry: Labrador. Rance: Alaska to New England, Colorado, and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Stevens Pass, Whited 1840; Mount Stuart, Hlmer 1213; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2298. 5. Limnorchis leucostachys (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 106, 1900. Platanthera leucostachys Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 288. 1835. Habenwa leucostachys Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 134. 1880. Type Lecariry: ‘In ora occidentali Americae septentrionalis.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2551; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892: Waitsburg, Horner 188; Salmon River, Blue Mountains, Horner 462. ZONAL FISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5a. Limnorchis leucostachys robusta Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 626. 1901. Type Locatity; ‘‘Washington.”” Collected by G. R. Vasey in 1889. Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 291, July, 1897; Olympia, Heller 4046; Kincaid, July, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen 75; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 624 in part; Wenache region, Tweedy, July, 1883; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 576; Ellensburg, Whited 532, 698; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1356; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 195; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL PISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 211 IBIDIUM. Lip much dilated at the apex, the basal swellings small.......-.-.- 1. I. romanzoffianum. Lip little dilated at the apex, the basal swellings large .......-..-- 2.1. porrifolium. 1. Ibidium romanzoffianum (Cham.) House, Muhlenbergia 1: 129. 1906. Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. Linnaea 3: 32. 1828. Gyrostachys romanzoffiana MacM. Met. Minn. 171. 1892. Gyrostachys stricta Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 107. 1900. Tyre Locaity: “ Unalaschka.”’ RancE: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, Colorado, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 272; Cascade Mountains 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Haven’s ranch, Henderson, August, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 125; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Stevens Pass, Whited 1439; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 471; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 337; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species was referred to Spiranthes cernua in Hooker’s Flora and in Cooper’s Report. Subalpine forms of it from sphagnums bogs are much smaller and with short spikes. 2. Ibidium porrifolium (Lindl.) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 32: 610. 1905. Spiranthes porrifolia Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 467. 1840. Gyrostachys porrifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 664. 1891. Type Locauity: “In Louisiana.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, September 3, 1881. EPIPACTIS. 1. Epipactis gigantea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 202. t. 202. 1839. Type cocatity: “N.W. America. On the subalpine regions of the Blue and Rocky Mountains. Douglas. Columbia River, about Fort Vancouver. Dr. Scouler.”’ Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2550; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 453; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1091; Spokane County, Suksdorf 240; Seattle, T'ar- leton; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 301. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. SALICACEAE. Wittow Famity. Stamens 1 to 5in ours; bracts entire. ....-.-.-.------------------- SALIX (p. 211) Stamens numerous; bracts fimbriate .-...---.-.-.------.-------+--- Popu.us (p. 217) SALIX. WiuLiow. Trees with furrowed bark; stamens 5 or more, aments on short leafy branchlets. Petioles slender, glandless; leaves broadly lanceolate .....-.-- - 1. 8S. amygdaloides Petioles short, bearing glands; leaves narrowly lanceolate. Leaves pale beneath, attenuate from the middle.......... - 2. 8. lasiandra. Leaves green beneath, long, attenuate nearly from the base. 2a. S. caudata. Shrubs, rarely trees, with smooth or at Jeast not furrowed bark; sta- mens 2 or 1. Stamen 1; aments appearing before the leaves; leaves very silky beneath, entire.............-..2--.-..2-2-2--------------- 21. S. sitchensis. Stamens 2. Scales of the aments pale; leaves narrow, appearing before the aments. 212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stigmas long and slender. Leaves canescent, becoming glabrate............- 3. S. sessilifolia. Leaves silvery-velvety on both sides.........-.--- 7. S. macrostachya. Stigmas short and thick. Capsules pubescent..........-...-....---.-----.. 5. S. argophylla. Capsules glabrous. Leaves canescent, at least when young, entire or denticulate....-. 2... 2. --------------- 6. S. ecigua. Leaves green, glabrous, pale beneath, usually prominently serrate..................-.--- 4. 8. melanopsis. Scales of the aments dark (pale in S. bebbiana); leaves ap- pearing with or after the aments. Capsules glabrous. Low shrub; leaves entire...............-------- 8. S. myrtilloides. Taller shrubs; leaves serrulate. Leaves not shiny above nor glaucous beneath, subcordate..... 2.222222 2222 ee ee eee ee 9. S. cordata. Leaves glaucous beneath, shining green above, not subcordate. .... 2.222.222 22-22-22 --- 10. S. piperi. Capsules pubescent. Tall shrubs or trees, not alpine. Aments sessile, appearing with or before the leaves. Scales black. Style none. Capsule pubescent. ...........- 11. 8. scouleriana. Capsule tomentose. .........-.- 12. 8S. hookeriana. Style elongate... ....2.2..2.2-.-.- 13. S. bella. Scales pink or pale...... 2.2. 2.22-2----- 14. S. bebbiana. Aments peduncled, appearing with the narrow ~ leaves... 2-2-2222 2 eee 15. 8. geyeriana. Low alpine shrubs. Stems erect, 1 to 2 meters high. Leaves glabrous above, glaucous beneath. 16. S. barclayi. Leaves pubescent on both sides. ......... 17. S. commutata. Stems prostrate. Leaves acute at each end... -. 2-2... - 18. S. tenera. Leaves obtuse, reticulate-veiny. Leaves | to 3cm. long, aments many- flowered. ..........-2-2--------- 19. S. saximontana. Leaves .5 to 1 em. long, aments 3 to 12-flowered......2.2..-2---.----- 20. S. nivalis. 1. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 53. 1858. Type Locatity: ‘ Fort Pierre, Missouri.” RANGE: British Columbia to Quebec, southward to New York, Texas, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 20 and 22, 1883; Yakima County, Tweedy in 1882; Wawawai, Piper 1932, 3591; Almota, Piper 1776. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Salix lasiandra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857. Salix lasiandra lyallii Sarg. Gard. & Forest 8: 463. 1895. Salix lyallii Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898. Type Loca.ity: ‘ Ad flumen Sacramento,” California. RanGeE: British Columbia to California. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 213 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3856; Clallam County, Elmer 2429; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 20, 1886; Cowlitz, Engelman & Sargent, August 16, 1880; Nisqually Valley, Allen 109; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 191. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Hooker (Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 148) erroneously referred our plant to S. lucida Muhl. 2a. Salix lasiandra caudata (Nutt.) Sudw. Bull. Torr. Club 20: 43. 1893. Salix pentandra caudata Nutt. Sylva 1: 61. 1842. Salix fendleriana Anders. Ofv. Vet. Akad. Foerh. 15: 115. 1858. Salix lasiandra fendleriana Bebb in 5S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 84. 1880. Tyre Locauity: ‘By streams in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains toward their western slope, in Oregon, and also in the Blue Mountains of the same territory.” Rance: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 332; Wenache, Whited 1044; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Mabton, Cotton 369; Cascade Mountains, Watson 368; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 111; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 197; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 197; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 449, 450; Pullman, Elmer 835; Piper 1775; Hull 768; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 539; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 60. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 3. Salix sessilifolia Nutt. Sylva 1:68. 1842. Type Locauity: ‘On the rocky borders of the Oregon at the confluence of the Wahlamet.” This species is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens. As it is abundant at the mouth of the Willamette, however, it will certainly be found on the north bank of the Columbia. 4. Salix melanopsis Nutt. Sylva 1: 78. 1842. Type cocatitry: “At Fort Hall * * * on the alluvial lands of Lewis River,” Idaho. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper d& Smith 614; Yelm Prairie, Piper, August 5, 1889; Trout Lake, Suksdorf 36, 38, 37; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 35; North Yakima, Elmer 1081; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 315; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 480; Spokane, Piper 3522; Wawawai, Piper 2915, 3597, 3593. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 5. Salix argophylla Nutt. Sylva 1: 71. 1842. Type Locatiry: ‘On the Boise River, toward its junction with the Shoshonee,’’ Idaho. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 34, 6; North Yakima, Hender- son, May 26, 1892; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 276; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 528; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 134; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Salix exigua Nutt. Sylva 1:75. 1842. Type Loca.ity: “A native of the territory of Oregon.” According to Nuttall this species grows with S, fluviatilis Nutt. on ‘‘the immediate border of the Oregon below its conflu- ence with the Wahlamet.”’ Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 333; Crab Creek, Lake & Hull 767; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Pullman, Piper 3585; Almota, Piper 3586; Wawawai, Piper 3596, 1774, 3594. 214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. This differs from S. argophylla only in its glabrous capsules, and intermediate examples are abundant. 7. Salix macrostachya Nutt. Sylva 1: 72. 1845. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and probably Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 2916, 3592, 3595. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. A very rare species. All the above specimens are staminate, no pistillate bushes having been seen. 8. Salix myrtilloides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1019. 1753. Type Locatiry: “Habitat in Suecia septentrionali.” Rance: Arctic regions southward to Washington and Connecticut. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 672; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Flett 1348; Henderson in 1883; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ? This species occurs only in sphagnum bogs. 9. Salix cordata Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Naturf. Berlin 4: 236. 1803. TYPE LOCALITY: Pennsylvania. Range: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsy]- vania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 559; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1014, 1020; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; Spokane Valley, Watson 373; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 29, 6, 11; without locality, Brandegee 1080; Almota, Piper, May 29, 1894; Pullman, Piper 3588; Elmer 111; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 14; Wenache Moun- tains, Griffiths & Cotton 109; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 318; Riverside, Griffiths & Cotton 369. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 10. Salix piperi Bebb, Gard. & For. 8: 482. 1895. TYPE LOCALITY: Seattle, Washington. Range: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1004; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Olympia, Hender- son, August 23, 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Spokane, Piper, September 3, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1777, 3587, 3598; Columbia River, Suksdorf in 1886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. All the Washington specimens that have been referred to S. lasiolepis bigelovii (Torr.) Bebb seem to belong rather to S. prperi, which is perhaps only of subspecific rank. 11. Salix scouleriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838. Salix flavescens Nutt. Sylva 1: 65. 1842. Salix nuttallit Sargent, Gard. & For. 8: 463. 1895. Salix capreoides Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858. Type Locauity: “North West America,on the Columbia. Dr.Scouler. Fort Vancouver. Tolmie.”’ RanGE: Vancouver Island to Assiniboia, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 1267; Thorn Creek, Vasey in 1901; Cotton- wood Creek, Vasey in 1901; Wenache, Whited 7; Larm River, Suksdorf 24, 25; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Seattle, Engelmann & Sargent, July 18, 1880; Piper in 1890; without locality, Brandegee 1084; Spokane Valley, Watson 367, 372; Spangle, Piper 3012; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, September 1, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 215 é& Hull, August 24, 1892; Almota, Piper 1931; Pullman, Piper 2923; Elmer 84; Waitsburg, Horner 448; ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. An exceedingly variable species as to foliage and habit, but in floral characters apparently not capable of being divided. In rich soils it often becomes a tree 10 to 20 meters high and 15 to 40 cm. in diameter. The young leaves and bark have a peculiar fetid odor. Owing to the fact that Tolmie’s specimens were a mixture of this species and of S. sitchensis Sanson, some botanists have discarded the name scouleriana. It is, however, not probable that the real types, namely, Scouler’s specimens, were similarly a mixture, hence the action is not justifiable. Barratt’s original types seem to be lost. 12. Salix hookeriana Barratt; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 145. 1838. Type Locauity: “Near the Grand Rapids of the Sashatchewan, rare. Douglas. North- west Coast of America. Scouler.”’ The former locality is doubtless erroneous. Rance: Near the seashore, Vancouver Island to southwestern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1035; Cohasset Beach, Lamb 1126; Long Beach, Henderson, September 6, 1891; Seattle, Piper 887. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 18. Salix bella Piper, Bull. Torr. Club. 27: 399. 1900. Tyee Locauity: Garrison, Whitman County, Washington. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1342; Spokane, Piper 3517; Garrison, Henderson, October 14, 1895, August 18, 1895, May 5, 1896, April 4, 1896; Piper 2922, 3590; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 11, August, 1886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 14. Salix bebbiana Sargent, Gard. & For, 8: 463. 1895. Salix rostrata Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 753. 1823, not Thuill. 1799. Type Locauity: British America, latitude 54° to 64°. Rance: British Columbia to Ontario southward to Pennsylvania and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Fraser Valley, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 21 43, 44; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey in 1901; North Palouse River, Vasey in 1901; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 325; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane, Watson 370; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1860; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 12; Pull- man, Piper 1772, 3589; Elmer 72; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 105; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 309; Steamboat Rock, Griffiths & Cotton 428. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 15. Salix geyeriana Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 63. 1858. Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Sylva 1:67. 1842, not Trauty. 18382. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. Missouri v. Oregon.” Collected by Geyer. Range: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 673; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; upper Nis- qually, Allen 107; Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888; Atanum River, Flett 1345, 1352; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Columbia banks, Nuttall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16. Salix barclayi Anders. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 66. 1858. Salix conjuncta Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 18: 111. 1888. Type LocaLity: Kodiak, Alaska. Rance: Alaska to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2427; Mount Rainier, Piper 2163, 700; Smith 701; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Suksdorf ; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 721; Skamania County, Suksdorf 22; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1530. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. 216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. Salix commutata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 110. 1888. Tyre Locauity: Alpine bogs, Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, 1,940 meters altitude, Tweedy; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, 757. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. 17a. Salix commutata mixta nom. nov. Salix commutata sericea Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 13: 111. 1888, not S. sericea Muhl. Type Locaity: ‘North side of Mt. Hood,” Oregon. Ranae: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1890; Flett 112: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 765. 17b. Salix commutata denudata Bebb, Bot. Gaz. 18: 111. 1888. Type Locarity: Eagle Creek meadows, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 7'weedy in 1882. Salix commutata differs in but slight and seemingly inconstant characters from S. barclayi. Additional material and field study is needed to clear up their relationships. 18. Salix tenera Anders.; DC. Prod. 162: 288. 1864. Tyre Locauiry: “Ad Cascade Mountain, Lat. 49°, alt. 7,000 ped.’ Collected by Lyall. Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860: mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 1083; Mount Rainier, Flett 2118. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 19. Salix saximontana Rydberg, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 261. 1899. Type Locauity: Grays Peak, Colorado. Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 2119. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Probably not specifically distinct from S. nivalis. 20. Salix nivalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 152. 1839. Tyre Locatity: “Near the summits of the peaks in the Rocky Mountains.” Range: Washington to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Fett 2278. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 21. Salix sitchensis Sanson in Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Peterst. VI. 2: 162. 1832. Salix cuneata Nutt. Sylva. 1: 66. 1842. TyPE Loca.ity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to middle California, eastward to the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2428; Seattle, Piper 557; Smith in 1889: Tacoma, lett 31; Nisqually, Allen 108; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1879; Atanum River, Flett 1346; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 31; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 24; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 809; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 720: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 72; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 243. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. SALIX CHLOROPHYLLA Anders. Vet. Acad. Handl. Stock. 6: 138. 1867. Imperfect speci- mens of a willow collected by Suksdorf on Mount Adams, July 31, 1883, and in the mountains of Skamania County, September 6, 1883, are referred to this species with much hesitation. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 217 SALIX CINEREA L, Sp. Pl. 2: 1021. 1753. Anderson refers thus, but doubtfully, a specimen collected by Geyer (no. 636) in “thickets along rivulets, Columbia River Valley near Fort Colville,” said to be ‘15-20 feet high, shrubby.’’ Hooker ® calls the same specimen S. grisea? We have not seen the specimen, but suspect it to be a form of S. bebbiana. Salix Lonarroii1a Muhl. does not occur in our limits, all such references pertaining to closely related species. POPULUS. Bark smooth; petioles flattened; capsules oblong-conic, smooth ._..... - 1. P. tremuloides. Bark rough; petioles terete; capsule globose, hairy ............-....-- 2. P. trichocarpa. 1. Populus tremuloides Michx. Fl. 2: 243. 1803. ASPEN. Type Locauity: “Hab. in Canada et Noveboraco.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Missouri, New Mexico, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 391; Darling Mountains, Flett 1350; Pullman, Piper; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 104. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Two apparently distinct aspens occur in eastern Washington and we suspect that neither is good P. tremuloides. The herbarium material is, however, very imperfect and the settle- ment of the problem must await more field study and better collections. 2. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Icon. 9: t. 878. 1852. Corronwoop. Populus balsamifera y Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 154. 1839. Type LocaLiTy: Santa Clara River near Buenaventura, California. Collected by Parry. RanGeE: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 394; Atanum River, Flett 1343; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1343; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Colfax, Piper, August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1791; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 69. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. In Cooper’s report this tree was referred to Populus angustifolia James, a species that is not known in Washington. PoPpULUS BALSAMIFERA Ait. has several times been ascribed to Washington, but there are no specimens to substantiate the ascription, all thus referred so far as seen being P. trichocarpa. MYRICACEAE. Sweet GALE FamiIty. MYRICA. Leaves evergreen, 5 to 10 em. long; tree 3 to 6 meters high... ..- ~~ - 2. M. californica. Leaves deciduous, 2 to 5 cm. long; shrub about 1 meter high... ___.. 1. M. gale. 1. Myrica gale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1024. 1753. . SWEET GALE. TYPE LocaLiry: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Washington, Michigan, and New York. Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Weiser Lake, Suksdorf 1003; Ilwaco, Henderson 2164; Seattle, Piper in 1887. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. 2. Myrica californica Cham. Linnaea 6: 535. 1831. Type Locauity: “Ad portum sancti Francisci Californiae.”’ RANGE: Seacoasts, Washington to California. a Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1858, “bo Kew Gard. Misc. t: 372. 1855. 218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cohasset, Lamb 1122; Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; Westport, Heller 394; Henderson, June 26, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4952. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. BETULACEAE. Brrcw FAmIty. Fruit a nut inclosed in a leafy involucre..............-2...-.------2--------- CorYLUS. Fruit cone-like, without involucre. Cone seales deciduous........-.-.--..---.-2-2---- 02-22-22 ee ee ee ee BETuLa. Cone scales persistent ......-...-.-.-2-.-2-2-2-2-- cee eee eee ee ee eee ALNUs. CORYLUS. 1. Corylus californica (A. DC.) Rose, Gard. & For. 8: 263. 1895. Haze. Corylus rostrata californica A. DC. Prod. 17?: 133. 1864. Corylus americana Walt. err. det. Cooper, Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 68. 1860. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Cruz, California. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3971; Seattle, Piper 189; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1214; Sumas, Lyall; Fort Colville, Watson; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Box Canyon, Kreager 410; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2191. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. BE TULA. Bircu. Branchlets glandular-warty. Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves glabrous...............--.--- 1. B. glandulosa. Shrub or tree 3 to 6 meters high; leaves sparsely pubescent... ... 3. B. microphylla. Branchlets not glandular-warty; tree with gray bark.............-.- 2. B. occidentalis. 1. Betula glandulosa Michx. FI. 2: 180. 1803. TYPE Locality: “Circa lacus, a sinu Hudsonis ad Mistassins.”’ Rance: Oregon and Colorado to New England and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper, May 25, 1891; Tacoma, Flett 29; Steilacoom, Piper 183; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1344. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? Always found in sphagnum bogs. 2. Betula occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 155. 1839. Betula piperi Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 31: 165. 1904. Tyre Loca.ity: “Straits of De Fuca.”’ Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1888; Everson, Piper, September, 1892; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; ten miles southwest Pullman, Paper 3807. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This is the Betula lutea Michx.? of Suksdorf’s List. A variable tree as it occurs in Washington and perhaps only a subspecies of the eastern B. papyrifera. Typical occidentalis occurs in northwestern Washington, where it is a rather dark-gray barked tree, occasionally 3 feet in diameter. The very similar tree in Stevens County and in the Blue Mountains is somewhat smaller in size and often white-barked. The name Betula prperi was meant by its author to apply to the third unnamed species in the Flora of the Palouse Region, but the specimen actually cited is the eastern Washington form of B. occidentalis Hook. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 219 3. Betula microphylla Bunge, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 606. 1835. Betula fontinalis Sargent, Bot. Gaz. 31 : 239. 1901. Type Locauiry: “Hab. ad Tschujae ripam in deserto curaico,” Siberia. Rance: British Columbia to Alberta, south to California and New Mexico. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1003; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 790; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 76; Pullman, Elmer 882; Touchet River, Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896; Almota, Piper 1642, April 20, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; ten miles southwest of Pullman, Piper 3808, 3806; Con- conully, Griffiths & Cotton 317; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 149; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 380. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The Almota specimens form the basis for the third unnamed species in the Flora of the Palouse Region. This is a tall graceful tree with drooping branches, appearing very dif- ferent from the ordinary form of B. microphylla, and probably distinct from it. ALNUS. ALDER. Leaves simply denticulate, not at all lobed... ......-.-.------------- 1. A. rhombifolia. Leaves doubly dentate and more or less lobed. Peduncles slender, longer than the cones; shrub with shining leaves. 2. A. sinuata. Peduncles shorter than the cones; leaves dull. Winter buds acute; leaves rusty pubescent on the veins beneath. 3. A. oregona. Winter buds obtuse; leaves pubescent but not rusty... -.---- 4. A. tenurfolia. 1. Alnus rhombifolia Nutt. Sylva 1:33. 1842. Type Ltocatity: Monterey, California. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 224; Satus Creek, Brandegee 1078; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Almota, Piper 1635, May 2, 1897; September 9, 1896; Wa- wawal, Piper ; Elmer 896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Alnus sinuata (Regel) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 190. 1897. Alnus viridis sinuata Regel in DC. Prod. 267: 183. 1868. Type LocaLity: Kamchatka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Seattle, Piper, July 4, 1897; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1341; Olympia, Henderson; Steilacoom, Cooper ; Silverton, Bouck 168; Nisqually Valley, Allen 309; Klickitat River, Flett 1347; Chambers Lake, Henderson, June 20, April 10, 1892; Nason Creek Sandberg & Leiberg 609; Bridge Creek, Elmer 711; Blue Mountains, Piper 2415; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 218. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian to Transition. A species of wide altitudinal range, most abundant along subalpine streams, but occa- sionally occuring at sea level. It is usually a shrub, but sometimes truly arborescent. It has been confused with the eastern A. viridis DC. 3. Alnus oregona Nutt. Sylva 1: 28. 1842. RED ALDER. Alnus rubra Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 162. 1837, not Betula-alnus rubra Marsh. 1785. Type Locairy: “In our progress to the west we first observed this tree on the borders of the Rivers Boisee and Brulee, which pass into the Shoshonee not far from Walla Walla, and at intervals it continues more or less common to Point Chinook, near the shores of the Pacific.” Nuttall has here confused two species, as A, oregona occurrs only west of the Cascade Mountains. Rance: Alaska to middle California in the coast region. 220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2759; Hoquiam, Lamb 1022; Olympia, Henderson, August 23, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 211; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2184. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. For illustration see Plate VITI, facing page 41. 4. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. Sylva 1: 32. 1842. Alnus incana virescens Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 81. 1880. Alnus occidentalis Dippel, Handb. Laubh. 2: 158. 1892. Type Locauiry: “On the borders of small streams within the range of the Rocky Moun- tains, and afterwards in the vallies of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin Creek, Watson 363, October 16, 1880; Peshastin, Sand- berg & Leiberg 543; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2193, 2183; Ellensburg, Whited 256; Elmer 413, July, 1897; Wenache, Whited 52, 1002; Atanum River, Flett 1351; Pleasant Valley, Lake & Hull, August 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896, September 3, 1896; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman, Piper, August, 1896, January, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 226. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. FAGACEAE. Berecu Famity. Involucre 1-flowered, becoming a scaly cup... ... ~~ - Lee ee ee eee eee ee eee QUERCUS. Involucre 1 to 3-flowered, becoming a prickly bur...... 2.222.222.2222... CASTANOPSIS. QUERCUS. Oak. 1. Quercus garryana Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839. Quercus jacobi R. Br. Campst. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 7: 255. 1871. Quercus gilberti Greene, West Coast Oaks 77. pl. 37. 1889. Type vocauiry: “Plentiful on plains near Ft. Vancouver, on the Multnomah, and at Puget Sound.”’ Rance: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Swauk, Watson 365; White Salmon, Suksdorf 308; Tampico, Flett; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1495; Seattle, Piper; Steilacoom, Piper; Fairhaven, Piper in 1892; Bingen, Piper 6458, 6454. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Professor Greene considers the Washington-British Columbia form as a different species from that of California, but if this is so, it is the California plant that should have its name altered, as all the above names belong to the northern plant. Quercus gilberti is the low, often prostrate, oak occurring about the Gulf of Georgia and locally known as vine oak. It is remarkably variable in foliage, but no fruiting specimens have been found. In sheltered places it assumes the ordinary form of Q. garryana. For an illustration of this species see Plate TX, facing page 42. CASTANOPSIS. 1. Castanopsis chrysophylla (Dougl.) A. DC. in Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 182. 1863. Castanea chrysophylla Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 159. 1839. Type Locaxity: “On the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to middle California. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mofflatt’s Springs, Skamania County, Gorman, May 15, 1904, the only known station north of the Columbia River. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 2?1 UVLMACEAE. [Eum Famitry. CELTIS. 1. Celtis douglasii Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 10: 293. 1848. HACKBERRY. Tyee Locatity: “In aridis scopulosis regionem interiorum, secus flumen Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 39; Snake River region, Bran- degee 1073; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897; Wawawai, Elmer 1016; Piper 1511 and October, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Our tree has been referred to both C. occidentalis L. and C. reticulata Torr. It is perhaps only a geographical race of the former. Ordinarily it is a very scraggly tree, with very scabrous leaves, commonly distorted by insect work. In irrigated land, however, it is a graceful and attractive tree, the leaves becoming thinner, darker green, and much less rough. The Wilkes Expedition specimens are said to have been collected at Port Discovery, but this is probably an error. URTICACEAE. Nerrie FAMILY. Leaves opposite, possessing stinging hairs..........-.-..--..------------ Urtica. Leaves alternate; no stinging hairs................2-22-.-.22-2--------- PARIETARIA. URTICA. NeErt ie. Leaves soft-pubescent on both sides. . 2.22.22... 22-2222. -222------- 1. U. holosericea. Leaves glabrous above, sparsely pubescent beneath... ......-.------ - 2. U. lyallii. 1. Urtica holosericea Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. If. 1: 183. 1847. Type Locauity: ‘Near Monterey, Upper California.” Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, //enderson 2498; west Klickitat County, Suks- dorf 1381; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896; Union Flat, Piper 3045; Wawawai, Piper 1509. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Urtica lyallii. S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875. TyprE Locariry: “In the Cascade Mts. in lat. 49°.”? Collected by Dr. Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3920; Clallam County, Elmer 2760; Seattle, Piper 2316; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Ellensburg, Brandegee 1075; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 58; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 709; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 654; Spo- kane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Blue Mountains, Lake 654; Piper, July 17, 1896; Union Flat, Piper 3046; Pullman, Piper 3046, 1510; Clarks Springs, Kreager 42. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Washington specimens referred to Ul’. gracilis Ait. belong here, as does the specimen listed by Suksdorf as ‘‘U". breweri(‘).’’ Specimens from the immediate seacoast tend to have thicker, more deeply cordate leaves, but this character is apparently due to mari- time influences and is not sufficient to distinguish the plant. PARIETARIA. \ 1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4?: 955. 1805. Tyree Locauitry: ‘“ Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Florida and Mexico. 299 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 487; without locality, Brandegee 1076; Almota, Lake & Hull 707; Piper 1507; Wawawai, Elmer 755. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. LORANTHACEAE. MIsTLETOE FAMILY. RAZOUMOFSKYA. Staminate flowers paniculate, nearly all terminal on distinct peduncle-like joints ...........-.---.-----.-2------------ 1. R. americana. Staminate flowers forming simple or compound spikes. Stems stout, 5 to 12 cm. high. ...-.- 2.2.2.2 2-2. 2.----- 2. R. campylopoda. Stems short, 1 to 4.em. high .......................... 3. R. douglasii. On Tsuga heterophylla......-.......-.-.-2--------- 3a, R. douglasii tsugensis. On Larix oceidentalis .........-.-.-----2-2-22----- 3b. R. douglasii laricis. On Abies grandis. ........-.-.-...-.-.-----.-.-..- 3c. R. douglasii abietina. 1. Razoumofskya americana (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 587. 1891. Arceuthobium americanum Nutt.; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850. TypE Loca.ity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Klickitat River, Henderson 2539, 2538; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 211; near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1069; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. Common on Pinus contorta, but apparently only east of the Cascade Mountains. 2. Razoumofskya campylopoda (Engelm.). Arceuthobium campylopodum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850. Arceuthobium occidentale Engelm. in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 107. 1880. Type Locauiry: “Oregon, on Pinus ponderosa.”’ Collected by Geyer. The specimens are from north Idaho or northeast Washington, as Geyer did not collect in Oregon proper. Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1364, 672; Peshastin, Sand- berg & Leiberg 593; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1895; Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 925; Spokane Valley, Watson; Railroad Creek, Hlmer, September, 1897; Medical Lake, Elmer 1246. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Jommon on Pinus ponderosa, often forming large clusters. The staminate plants are yellow, the pistillate olivaceous. It is locally more or less well known as “snappers,” owing to the explosive fruits. 38. Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 587. 1891. Arceuthobium douglasii Engelm. in Rothr. Bot. Wheeler Surv. 253. 1878. The typical form of this species occurs on Pseudotsuga mucronata. This occurs from Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico. Doubtless it will be found in Washington also, The forms on Tsuga, Larix, and Abies are apparently distinct, at least in their host relations, but satisfactory morphological characters to separate them have not been detected. They may conveniently be considered as subspecies. 3a. Razoumofskya douglasii tsugensis (Rosendahl). Razoumofskya tsugensis Rosendahl, Minn. Bot. Stud. IT]. 2: 272. 1903. TypE Loca.ity: ‘‘ West coast of Vancouver island.” RanGE: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 663; Nisqually Valley, Allen 303. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Locally abundant on T'suga heterophylla, causing large “‘ witches-brooms. ”’ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 223 3b. Razoumofskya douglasii laricis subsp. nov. Rance: Washington and Idaho on Lariz occidentalis. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2536; near Ellensburg, Brandegee 1071. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 8c. Razoumofskya douglasii abietina (Engelm.). Arceuthobium douglasii abietinum Engelm. in 8. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 106. 1880. Type Loca.ity: Sierra Valley, California. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2246, on Abies grandis. SANTALACEAE. SaNpDALWoop FAMILY. COMANDRA. Flowers many, corymbosely-clustered; leaves pallid. Leaves oblong; fruit globular .............--...----------------- 1. C. umbellata. Leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit ovoid .............-.-.------------ 2. C. pallida. Flowers few on axillary peduncles; leaves green. ....-.....------------ 3. C. livida. 1. Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 157. 1818. Thesium umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 208. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Virginiae, Pensylvaniae pascuis siccis.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Labrador southward to California and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 103; White Salmon, Suksdorf 494, 614; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Comandra pallida A. DC. Prod. 14: 636. 1857. Tyre Locaity: “Prope Clearwater,’’ Idaho. Collected by Spalding. Rance: British Columbia to Manitoba, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1032; Henderson, May 26, 1892: Wenache, Whited 1073; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 335; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 615; Cheney, Tucker in 1890; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1861; Pasco, Hind- shaw 26; Piper 2990; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 326; Sprague, Sand- berg & Leiberg 154; Kamiak Butte, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 499; Piper, July 20, 1899: Almota, Piper 1650; Wawawai, Piper, May 19, 1894; Hull, June 4, 1892; Elmer 772; Kettle Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2206. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. The nuts of this plant are sweet and edible. Where abundant, they form a favorite food for hogs. 3. Comandra livida Richards. Bot. App. Frank]. Journ. 734. 1828. Tyre Locatity: “In shady mossy woods. Not seen to the northward of Great Slave Lake.”’ Rance: Washington to Vermont and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 386. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birruwortr FAmMILy. ASARUM. 1. Asarum caudatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: under pl. 1399. 1831. WILD GINGER. Asarum hookeri Fielding, Sert. Plant. pl. 32. 1844. Asarum canadense ( Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 139. 1838. 2294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locauity: “In pinetis prope arcem Vancouver’? —that is, Fort Vancouver, Wash- ington. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2834; Silverton, Bouck 154; Tacoma, Flett 58; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 60; Skohomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Fal- con Valley, Suksdorf 493; mouth of the Pend Oreille, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sand- berg & Leiberg 625; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. POLYGONACEAE. BuckWHEAT FAMILY. Flowers not involucrate; stipules sheathing. Leaves reniform; sepals 4 ........-.-.---.--------------- Oxyria (p. 224). Leaves not reniform; sepals 6. Sepals unequal, the inner becoming much larger; stigmas tufted _.....222202220202..-.-2--0-2.--22---22------- Rumex (p. 224). Sepals equal; stigmas capitate ..........2 2222022222... PoLtyGonuM (p. 226). Flowers involucrate; stipules wanting. Involucre 1-flowered, coriaceous, its teeth cuspidate, often hooked . 2.2.2.2... 22 eee eee eee CHORIZANTHE (p. 239). Involucre several-flowered. Teeth of the involucre awn-pointed...........2-.-.--- OXYTHECA (p. 239). Teeth of the involucre unarmed... ....-......-------- Erroconum (p. 233). OXYRIA. 1. Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew. 158. 1768. MouNTAIN SORREL. Rumex digynus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 337. 1753. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Wallicis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England, Colorado, and California. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Klmer 2685; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2104; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 653; Bridge Creek, Elmer 692; Loomis, Elmer 563. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. RUMEX. Dock. Flowers dioecious; leaves hastate; small species. Inner sepals not longer than the granular akene.............. 1. R. acetosella. Inner sepals longer than the smooth akene...........2.-2...- 2. R. paucifolius. Flowers not dioecious; leaves not hastate; coarse species. Outer sepals without tubercles. Fruiting sepals cordate, 2 to 5 em. long; leaves flat....... 3. R. venosus. Fruiting sepals ovate, 4 to 9 mm. long. Leaves flat, pale, lanceolate, rounded at base.....---- 4. R. hesperius. Leaves crisped, oblong, truncate at base...... 2... --- 5. R. occidentalis. Outer sepals, or some of them with tubercles. Sepals entire or nearly so. Leaves flat; all lanceolate....... 2... 22.202220.0.... 6. R. salicifolius. . Leaves undulate, the lower cordate. Panicle leafy; pedicel longer than the fruit...--. - 7. RB. crispus. Panicle not leafy; pedicel not longer than the fruit. 8. R. conglomeratus. Sepals with slender teeth. Annual; tubercles 3; pedicels very short...... 2.2... 9. R. persicariordes. Perennial; tubercle 1; pedicels long............-.--- 10. R. obtusifolius. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 2295 1. Rumex acetosella L. Sp. PI. 1: 338. 1753. SHEEP SORREL. TYPE LocaLity: Europe. ‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 2, 1894. A troublesome weed throughout the State, especially in poor soils. 2. Rumex paucifolius Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834. Rumex engelmanni geyeri Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 64. 1856. Rumex geyeri Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 78. 1892. Type vocatity: “Near Flat-Head River.’’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 448; Wenache region, Brandegee 1068; Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Flathead River, Wyeth; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1192. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Rumex venosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 733. 1814. Type Locatity: “In Upper Louisiana.’’ Collected by Bradbury. Ranae: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Missouri and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1224; Sunnyside, Cotton 382; North Yaki.aa, Flett 1058; Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Piper 2983; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, 274; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 28; Almota, Piper 1549, 2940; without locality, Vasey 124; Moxee, Griffiths & Cotton 37. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Rumex hesperius Greene, Pittonia 4: 234. 1901. Tyre Locatiry: ‘Bottom lands near Bingen, Washington.’? Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2259. Is. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 253. 1876. Type Locaritry: “From Alaska to Northern California, eastward to the Saskatchewan and Labrador, and southward in the mountains to Colorado and New Mexico.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 447; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1401, 604; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 650; Pull- man, Piper 1548; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. In the older botanical works our plant was usually referred to R. domesticus Hartm. It is probable, too, that the name R. domesticus nanus @ also belongs to our species, in which case it has priority. 6. Rumex salicifolius Weinm. Flora 1821: 28. 1821. Tyre Locauity: ‘In California.” RanGeE: British Columbia to Labrador, south to Florida and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 93; west Nlick- itat County, Suksdorf 1402; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 329; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 651; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 651; Pullman, Piper, July 24, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Transition. 7. Rumex crispus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753. YELLOW DOCK. Type LocaLiry: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1252; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 400; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894. a Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 129. 1838. 29418—06 M 15 226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Rumex conglomeratus Murr. Prod. Fl. Goett. 52. 1770. Type LocaLity: None given, but European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 257; Seattle, Piper 627. 9. Rumex persicarioides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753. Type Locauity: “In Virginia.” Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to California, New Mexico, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2684; Whidby Island, Gardner 256; Seat- tle, Piper 714; Silver Lake, Henderson 2423; Coulee City, /enderson, July 11, 1892; Ophir, Elmer in 1897; Alma, Elmer, 1897; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 652; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 411; Southbend, Spillman, Aug. 17, 1899; without locality, Cooper; Mission, Kreager 484; Meyers Falls, Kreager 500. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 10. Rumex obtusifolius L. Sp. Pl. 1: 335. 1753. Tyree Locatiry: “ Habitat in Germania, Helvetia, Gallia, Anglia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888. A common and troublesome weed in western Washington. Rumex acetosa L. is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we have been unable to secure any evidence that it occurs in the State. POLYGONUM. Stems twining; leaves cordate. © Outer calyx segments winged in fruit; akenes shining. ..... 1. P. dumetorum Outer calyx segments not winged; akenes dull.........._.- 2. P. convolvulus. Stems not twining; leaves not cordate. Leaves small, usually narrow; stems wiry. Blades of the leaves jointed on the pedicels. Perennial with woody rootstocks; seashore plant... 3. P. paronychia. Annuals; roots fibrous. Plants prostrate. Akenes not longer than the calyx.......- 4. P. aviculare. Akenes protruding from the calyx... .. - 5. P. fowleri. Plants erect or ascending. Flowers in rather dense terminal bracteate spikes. Bracts oblong, white-margined Leeeee 6. P. polygaloides. Bracts lanceolate, green. Styles nearly obsolete; akenes brown, smooth ._....... 2... - 7. P. kelloggit. Styles evident; akenes black, striate... .... eee ee eee eee eee 8. P. confertiflorum. Flowers axillary, or in loose or interrupted spikes. . Leaves rather broad, scarcely reduced upward. Tall, branched throughout; style 3-cleft..... 2.2... . 9. P. erectum. Low alpine plant; style 3-parted. 10. P. minimum. Leaves narrow, decidedly reduced upward. Flowers in virgate, much elon- gated, loose spikes. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 227 Fruiting pedicels erect. Stout; akenes dull... . - 11. P. ramosissimum. Slender; akenes smooth, shining......-...-.- 12. P. sawatchense. Fruiting pedicels reflexed. Flowers campanulate, 2 to 3 mm. long... ... 13. P. douglas‘. Flowers — funnel-form, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long.. 14. P. majus. Flowers in interrupted, but rather close spikes. Style 3-cleft; filaments slen- der... 2-22-2022 -2 22 ee 15. P. spergulariaeforme. Style 3-parted; filaments dilated... ....22------- 16. P. nuttallir. Blades of the leaves not jointed on the pedicels. Segments of the ocreae rigid. .......-.----------- 17. P. greener. Segments of the ocreae not rigid --.-.--.---- _.... 18. P. parryi. Leaves comparatively large; flowers mainly terminal. Perennials. Styles 3; plants with thick roots. Flowers in a single dense spike-like raceme; styles long. Raceme thick not bulbiferous; akenes smooth..........-.-2-----------+--- 19. P. bistortoides. Raceme slender, often bulbiferous; akenes dull.....222.-2-.---.-.------------- 20. P. viviparum. Flowers in racemes or panicles; styles short; alpine plants. ; Racemes mainly axillary; leaves pubes- cent.......-.-.--------------------- 21. P. newberryi. Racemes panicled. Leaves ovate; akene ovoid.....-.--- 22. P. phytolaccaefolium. Leaves lanceolate; akene obovoid.... 23. P. alpinum. Styles 2; aquatic or swamp plants with flowers in spike-like racemes. Ocreae fringed at the spreading summit... ..--- 24. P. hartwrightii. Ocreae not fringed nor spreading. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse. .....-.-- - 25. P. amphibium. Leaves ovate, acuminate.........-..--- 26. P. emersum. Annuals; flowers in several spike-like racemes. Styles 3-cleft; akenes 3-angled........-.--------- 27. P. hydropiperoides. Styles 2-cleft; akenes lenticular. Ocreae naked; racemes drooping. Akenes broad; style 2-cleft.............. 28. P. lapathifolium. Akenes narrow; style 2-parted........... 29. P. incarnatum. Ocreae bristly-ciliate. Calyx not glandular; raceme dense. - - ---- 30. P. persicaria. Calyx glandular; racemes interrupted. Racemes erect......--------------- 31. P. punctatum. Racemes drooping. ...------------- 32. P. hydroprper. 1. Polygonum dumetorum scandens (L.) Gray, Man. ed. 5. 418. 1867. Polygonum scandens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753. Type Locaity: “Habitat in America.” 228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858. Perhaps the locality is east of Washington. 2. Polygonum convolvulus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 1753. BINDWEED. TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Wait, August 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 648; Pullman, Piper 1842; Almota, Piper 1815; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893; Mount Carlton, Kreager 143. 3. Polygonum paronychia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 51. 1828. Type Locauity: “Ad portum S. Francisci Novae Californiae in arenosis littoralibus. RANGE: Seashores, British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2680; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Oyhut, Lamb 1256; Port Angeles, Piper 2304; Whidly Island, Gardner 263; Ocosta, Henderson, June 26, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. Pl. 1: 362. 1753. Type Locauiry: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 644; Almota, Piper 2652, 1841; Pullman, Paper 1550. 5. Polygonum fowleri Robinson, Rhodora 4: 67. 1902. Type LocaLiry: New Brunswick. RANGE: Seashores, New Brunswick to Virginia; British Columbia to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2861; Port Angeles, Piper 2305. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Polygonum polygaloides Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 101. 1856. Type LocaLity: Clearwater River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockford, Watson 341; Spokane, Henderson 2421; Leiberg 23; Spokane County, Suksdorf 431; Pullman, Piper 1551. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Polygonum kelloggii Greene, Fl. Fran. 134. 1891. Polygonum imbricatum Nutt. Am. Nat. 7: 665. 1873, not Raf. Fl. Tellur. 3: 16. 1836. Polygonum watson Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. 1895, as to synonymic type. Type Locauiry: “Frequent in the mountains, alpine and subalpine, from Colorado to Oregon and Northern California.”’ Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount Cleman, Hen- derson 2422; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1188; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 608; Klickitat County, High Prairie, Suksdorf 2286; Skamania County, Suksdorf 897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 8. Polygonum confertiflorum Nutt. in herb. Polygonum watsoni Small, Mon. Polyg. 138. pl. 56. 1895, as to description and figure, but not as to synonymic type. Tyrer Locauity: Columbia Plains. Collected by Nuttall. Type in the Gray Herbarium. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Fett 1045; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 478; Coulee City, Piper 3901, 3902, 3903; Douglas County, Spillman; Pullman, Elmer 1008; Major Creek, Suksdorf 2289; without locality, Vasey in 1883; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2286, 2289; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 299 9. Polygonum erectum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 363. 1753. Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Philadelphia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897. 10. Polygonum minimum 8. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 315. 1871. Type Locariry: “Wahsatch and Uinta Mountains; 9-11,000 feet altitude.” Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, Piper 1085; Mount Rainier, Piper 2122; Goat Moun- tains, Allen 264; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 605; Howell 421; east of Mount Adams, Fletr 1047; Klickitat River, Flett 1042; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 799; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 725; Blue Mountains, Piper 2436, 2421. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 11. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. FI. 1: 237. 1803. - Tyre Locaity: “In regione Illinoense.”’ Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico; Maine to New Jersey near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 475; Bingen, Suksdorf 1406; Yakima City, Piper, July 9, 1897; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 450. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 12. Polygonum sawatchense Small, Bull. Torr. Club 20: 213. 1893. TypE Locatity: ‘fon the Sawatch Range, Colorado.” Rance: Washington to Dakota and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 19, 1886. 13. Polygonum douglasii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 125, 1885, Type LocaLiry: None cited. Rance: British Columbia to Vermont, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2683; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2239; Flett, July 21, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 260; Mount Rainier, Piper 2130; Lake Cush- man, Piper 2240; Goat Mountains, Allen 263; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 607; Mason County, Piper 903; Wenache, Whited, June, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 541, 542; Harrington, Sand- berg & Leiberg 216; Charleston, Piper 2263; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1858. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species was formerly mistaken for P. tenue Michx. and references to it appear in the older works under that name. 13a. Polygonum douglasii montanum Small, Mon. Polyg. 118. 1895. Polygonum tenue latifolium Engelm.; Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1868: 75. 1864, not P. aviculare latifolium Michx. 1803. Polygonum douglasii latifolium Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 125. 1885. Type Locauitry: Colorado. RanGeE: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 426, 427. 14. Polygonum majus (Meisn.) Piper, FI. Palouse Reg. 63. 1901. Polygonum coarctatum majus Meisn, in DC, Prod. 14: 101. 1856. Tyre Locauity: “Ad flum, Columbia (Dougl.!) in mont. Scopulosis (Geyer m. 355!).” The Geyer plant is really from the Kooskoosky River, Idaho. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1298, 1127; Ellens- burg, Elmer 386; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 434; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 212; Pasco, Hindshaw 31; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1897; Spokane River, Henderson, June 1, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 1409; Pullman, Lake & Hull 647; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan, Griffiths & Cotton 160. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 15. Polygonum spergulariaeforme Meisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 366. 1892. Polygonum coarctatum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 133. 1838, not Willd. 1825. Polygonum lineare Menzies; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 133. 1838, as synonym. Type Locauity: “N. W. America.’’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SpaciMENS EXAMINED: Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 2047; Fidalgo Island, F'lett 2125; Seattle, Piper & Smith in 1888; Tacoma lett; De Fuca. Dr. Scouler; Rockland, Howell. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16. Polygonum nuttallii Small, Mon. Polyg. 132. pl. 53, 1895. Polygonum intermedium Nutt.; 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 378. 1882, not Ehrh. 1791. Type Locauity: On bluffs of the Columbia plains.”? Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2420; Lake Cushman, Piper 9241: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2419; Evergreen, Conard 424; Stehekin, Gorman 737. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 17. Polygonum greenei 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879. Tyre Locauiry: “Plains of Shasta,’ and “near Chico.”’ Collected by Greene and by Mrs. Bidwell. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1002. 18. Polygonum parryi Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 99. 1881. Type LocaLiry: Yosemite Valley, California. Collected by Parry. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 609, 1410. 19. Polygonum bistortoides Pursh, Fl. 1: 271. 1814. Polygonum bistorta oblongifolium Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 126. 1856. Polygonum glastifolium Greene, Pittonia 5: 199. 1903. Type Locatity: “In low grounds on the banks of the Missouri, called Quamash-flats. ”’ Collected by Lewis. The date and locality on original label show the place to be what is now Weippe, Idaho. RanGE: Subarctic regions, south to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, /mer 2681; Mount Rainier, Piper, August 15, 1895; Allen 42; Silverton, Bouck 195; Klickitat River, lett 1043; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiherg 748; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1413; Ellensburg, Whited 728; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 740; Lake & Hull 649; 6 miles east of Pullman, Lake & Hull, May 20, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Vancouver, Piper 4934. ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition as to the typical plant, but recurring in the Arctic-Alpine meadows. 20. Polygonum viviparum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753. Type Locacity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to New England and Colorado. Europe, Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 21. Polygonum newberryi Small, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 170. 1894. TYPE LocaLiry: Cascade Mountains of Oregon at Crater Pass. Rance: Washington and Oregon. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 231 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 305; Piper 2112; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1232, Brandegee 1066; Goat Mountain, Allen 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Plett 1044. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species was formerly confused with the more southern P. davisiae Brewer, and appears under that name in Suksdorf’s list. 22. Polygonum phytolaccaefolium Meisn.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892. Type Locauity: California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 85; 10 miles north of Mount Adams, Flett 1053. ZONAL pistripuTion: Hudsonian and Arctic. 23. Polygonum alpinum foliosum (Keller) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 360. 1892. Polygonum polymorphum foliosum Keller, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30: 49. 1891. Type Ltocatrry: Mount Adams, Washington. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 610 in 1885; Howell d& Henderson in 1882. . 24. Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 294. 1870. Type tocatity: “Sedgy bogs, New York from Herkimer to Yates County, and Michigan.” ° Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California, Kansas, and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 482; Coupeville, Gardner 254; Seattle, Piper 720; Smith, July 11, 1889; Spokane, Dewart, June 6, 1901; Davis Lake, Kreager 438. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 25. Polygonum amphibium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753. Type Locauity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Quebec, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. Europe, Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Lake City, lett 170; Lake Wash- ington, Piper, August, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 452; Lake Conconully, Whited 1316: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; 6 miles east of Pullman, Piper, July 7, 1899; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 338. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 26. Polygonum emersum (Michx.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 8: 73. 1889. Polygonum amphibium emersum Michx. FI. 1: 240. 1803. Polygonum muhlenbergii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 295. 1879. Polygonum amphibium terrestre Torr. Fl. U.S. 1: 403. 1824. Type tocauiry: ‘Ad ripas fluminis Ohio.” Rance: British Columbia to New England, southward to Mexico, Louisiana, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Western Washington, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 645; Rock Lake, Lake, August 3, 1893; Chelan, Elmer 857; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 328; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 646; Pullman, Piper 1829; Uniontown, Henderson 2699; Prosser, Cotton 812. ZONAL pIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Prof. E. L. Greene considers the Polygonum emersum as generally understood to be an aggregate of many species. Among these Elmer’s 857 is made the type of Persicaria chelanica Greene.a Some other segregates of this and related species, namely, Persicaria cusickii Greene and Persicaria oregana Greene ¢ occur in Washington and adjoining States. This group of species should receive much careful field study. a Leaflets 1: 49. 1904. b Op. cit. 42. c Op. cit. 31. 232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 27. Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. Fl. 1: 239. 1803. Type Locauity: “In Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolina.” Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Mexico and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 668, 56, 483. 28. Polygonum lapathifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753. Polygonum nodosum Pers. Syn. 1: 440. 1805. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Gallia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Southbend, Spillman; Alma, Elmer 540; Methow River, Whited 11, 213; Ellensburg, Whited 596 ; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Squaw Creek, Cotton 870. 28a. Polygonum lapathifolium incanum (Schmidt) Koch, Syn. FI. Germ. 617. 1837. Polygonum incanum Schmidt, F]. Boem. 4: 90. 1795. Type Locauity: Not ascertained. Rance: British Columbia and Washington to Nova Scotia and New York, probably introduced. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Usk, Hreager 360; Wawawai, Piper, August 24, 1894. 29. Polygonum incarnatum Ell. Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 456. 1817, Tyre Locatity: None given, but South Carolina and Georgia understood. Rance: Vermont to Nebraska, south to Louisiana and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 406; Wawawai, Piper, August 23, 1899. The above specimens are in all probability introduced. 30. Polygonum persicaria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753. Tyre Locatity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Savage 47; Puyallup, Piper 2364; Tacoma, Flett 126; Almota, Piper 2362. 31. Polygonum punctatum Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 455. 1817. Polygonum acre H. B. K. Nov. Gen. 2: 179. 1817, not Lam. 1805. TYPE Locatity: South Carolina and Georgia. Rance: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 484; North Yakima, Piper 1820; Linds- leys Ranch, Clarke County, Henderson, September 6, 1892. 3la. Polygonum punctatum leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 19: 356, 1892, Polygonum. acre leptostachyum Meisn. in DC. Prod. 14: 108. 1856. Tyre Locauity: “In Amer. boreale et australi, praecipue tropica.” RanaeE: The whole United States and southward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1412. 32. Polygonum hydropiper L. Sp. Pl. 1: 361. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puyallup, Piper 2320. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM L. appears on Suksdorf’s list, credited to Klickitat County. We have seen no Washington specimens. PTEROSTEGIA DRYMARIOIDES Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 23. 1835. Type locality, ‘In portu Bodega Novae Californiae.”’ Included by Suksdorf in his list, but he writes that he has seen no Washington specimens. A specimen in the Gray Herbarium is labeled ‘Columbia, Tolmie.”’ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 233 ERIOGONUM. Flowers not stipe-like at base. Involucre nerveless; branches leafy; annual....-....... 1. EF. angulosum. Involucre distinctly nerved. Outer perianth segments much broader than the inner. Umbel simple, close; plants densely cespitose. Involucre campanulate; flowers 3 to 4 mm. long, white or yellow... ......-.-.------- 2. KE. ovalifolium. Involucre turbinate; flowers 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long, wine red __........--..-.-.------ 3. E. vineum. Umbel compound; plants loosely cespitose. Involucres in clusters; flowers white, yellow, or purple... 22.2.2 .2---- 2-2 --2---2-2--- 4. BE. proliferum. Involucres scattered, mostly solitary; flowers white. Plants erect or ascending ...........-. 5. FE. niveum. Plant decumbent......-.-..--------- 6. FB. decumbens. Outer perianth segments like the inner. Shrub, much branched; leaves linear to oblanceo- late... 2-2-2 eee eee eee eee ee 7. E. microthecum. Herbs. Annuals; stems wiry; leaves rosulate. Involucre 3 mm. long. .......-..-.-.- 11. EF. vimineum. Involucre 1 to 1.5 mm. long... --.--.- - 12. FE. baileyi. Perennials. Plants very dwarf and very leafy; pe- duncles bearing a single involucre.... 13. HB. minimum. Plants tall, not very leafy; peduncles bearing more than one involucre. Peduncles stout, fistulous; involu- cres 3 to 6 in each cluster. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, 5 to 15 em. long. _.....-..-- 8. EF. elatum. Leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse, 1 to 5em. long. ..-..------ 9. EB. nudum. Peduncles slender, not fistulous; in- volucres scattered in a_ loose cyme...-.-.-.-2-.---2-------- 10. FE. strictum. Flowers attenuate and stipe-like at base. Perianth pubescent. Involucre with refiexed lobes. Prostrate or nearly so, only the flowering stems upright; flowers cream color; leaves oblong or spatulate, not revolute... -...-.---.-.---- 14. FE. douglasii. Erect, much branched; flowers bright vellow; ies) leaves linear or linear-spatulate, often revolute. 15. FE. sphaerocephalum. Involucre with erect lobes or teeth. Shrubby; leaves linear, revolute... ......-.-.- 16. E. thymoides. Herbaceous; leaves oblong or obovate, not revolute. Flowers yellow; bracts 3 to8 .........---- 17. E. piperr. Flowers purplish; bracts 2.........-..---- 18. FE. pyrolaefolium. Perianth glabrous. 234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Leaves large, 2 to 8 cm. long, oblong-ovate, mostly cordate; peduncles stout, naked...............-- 19. E. compositum. Leaves smaller, never cordate; peduncles not naked. Leaves narrow, tomentose on both sides. ......-- 20. EF. heracleoides. Leaves broader, glabrous or glabrate above. Inflorescence a single involucre_....-...-.- - 21. HF. tolmieanum. Inflorescence umbellate. Umbel simple. Flowers yellow ......-.-..------- 22. E. umbellatum. Flowers cream-color............-- 22b. E. umbellatum majus. Umbel compound... -..... 2222-2... 23. E. stellatum. 1. Eriogonum angulosum Benth. Trans. Linn Soc. 17: 406. 1837. Tyre Locauity: California. Ranee: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 438; Yakima region, Brandegee 1051. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila, 7: 50. 1834. Type Loca.ity: “Sources of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 773; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 87; Flett 1051; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 827; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2682. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Eriogonum vineum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 45. 1898. ¢ Fucycla purpurea Nutt. Journ, Acad, Phila. II. 1: 166. 1847. ¢ Eriogonum purpureum Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 10. 1856. Tyre Locauity: “California, near Rose mine, San Bernardino Mountains, altitude 2,100 meters.” RanGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympics, lett 127; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1221. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 4. Eriogonum proliferum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 164. 1873. 2 Eriogonum oblongi folium minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 113. 1856. Type Locauity: “Idaho Mountains (Prof. O. Marey, Prof. Swallow) to N. Fork of the Columbia, Wilkes Expedition, Weenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall.” Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 537, 658, 668; Elmer 382, 1087, 391; Piper 2719; Wenache, Whited 147, 1245, 1169; Satus, Elmer 1072; Pasco, Hindshaw 36, 14; Piper 2956; Mount Cleman, Henderson; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 493; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 386; North Yakima, Henderson 2426; Flett 1056; Watt; Steinweg; Leckenby; with- out locality, Zenderson 2428; Goldendale, Suksdorf 440; Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf 439; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 441; Wenas Valley and Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 145; between Spipen River and North Fork of the Columbia, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Apparently all the Washington specimens that have been referred to E. oblongifolium belong to E. proliferum. 5. Eriogonum niveum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1837. Eriogomum dichotomum Dougl.; Benth. op. cit. 415. TyPE Loca.ity: “ Valleys of the Blue Mountains.”’ RanGE: British Columbia to Idaho and California. Collected by Douglas. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 235 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 723, 1157; Similkameen Valley, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 673; Coulee City, Henderson 2427; Loomis, Elmer 605; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 419; Clarks Springs, Kreager 123; without locality, Cooper in 1853; Spokane, Sandberg; Piper 2811 Suksdorf’ 945; Watson 349; Sandberg, Heller & Mac- Dougal 903; Wawawai, Piper 1634, 1547; Waitsburg, Horner 433; Marcus, Areager 463. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. We have been quite unable to distinguish two species, as did Douglas, based on differences in degree of development of the bracts, and on the erect or spreading position of the calyx teeth. 6. Eriogonum decumbens Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 415. 1837. Eriogonum niveum decumbens Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 174. 1870. Tyre Locauiry: “Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Leckenby; Sunnyside, Piper; without locality, Douglas. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This plant is perhaps only a subspecies of £. niveum, but its habit is quite distinct. It is confined to sand hills where it forms large decumbent masses often 50 cm. in diameter. The leaves also are broader than in £. niveum. 7. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IT. 1: 162. 1847. Typr Locaniry: “On the sides of hills in Oregon, east of Walla Walla.’”? Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 553; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Parker, Elmer 1078; North Yakima, Piper 1879; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895; without locality, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kiona, Cotton 734. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. We have seen no Washington specimens referable to 2. corymbosum Nutt. and believe that such references really apply to EL. microthecum. 8. Eriogonum elatum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837. Type Locauiry: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, August, 1896; Ellensburg, Elmer 387; Whited 276: Piper, July, 1897; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 677; North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895; Steinweg in 1894; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Rock Island, Sand- berg & Leiberg 424; near Chelan River, Watson 347; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tahlk Plain, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Umtanum Creek, Cotfon 820. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 9. Eriogonum nudum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 413. 1837. Type Locaiiry: “Plains of the Multnomah,’ Oregon. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North of Mount Adams, Henderson 2429. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Eriogonum strictum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 414. 1887. Type Locatity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas. The original label gives the locality “‘ Blue Mountains.” Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Salmon River, Horner 482. 11. Eriogonum vimineum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 416. 1837, Tyre Locauity: “Columbia River.’”’ Collected by Douglas. 236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1156; Ellensburg, Whited 665; North Yakima Watt, August, 1895; Pasco, Elmer 1057; Piper, July 11, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 584; Wawawai, Piper 1546; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 807. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 12. Eriogonum baileyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 348. 1875. Type Loca.ity: Northwestern Nevada. Collected by W. W. Bailey. Rance: Washington to Arizona and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Howell in 1877; Vasey 147. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, 13. Eriogonum minimum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 47. 1898. Type Locauity: Cascade Mountains, Washington. Collected by Brandegee, probably on Mount Stuart. Rance: Known only by the type specimen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 372. 14. Eriogonum douglasii Benth. in DC. Prod. 14:9. 1856. Type Locauiry: “In montibus Coeruleis. Gairdner! Douglas!” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 461; Whited 101; Ellensburg, Whited 355, 642, 100; Piper 2706; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Tampico, Flett 1051; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 725; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 118; Cotton 1297. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 14a. Eriogonum douglasii ramosum subsp. nov. Differs from the typical form in that the umbel is compound. Foothills east of Ellensburg, Whited 643. 15. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Dougl; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 407. 1837. Type Locauity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 1083; Wenache, Whited 724, 1278; Yakima River, Wilkes Expedition 936; Tampico, Flett 1054; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 435; Wilson and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 319; without locality, Douglas; Coulee City, Piper 3842; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 704; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 814. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 15a. Eriogonum sphaerocephalum tenue (Small). Eriogonum tenue Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 41. 1898. Type Locéauity: West Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGE: Eastern Washington and perhaps eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 433, 307, 434, 694; eastern Washington, Hilgard in 1882; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake Hull 672. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 16. Eriogonum thymoides Benth. in DC. Prod. 14:9. 1856-7. Type Locaity: “Ad fl. Spokan in regione Oregon superioris.”” Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 76, 33, 1091; Ellensburg, Whited 648: Piper 2710; North Yakima, Henderson, May 2 and 26, 1892; Steinweg in 1894; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cofton 361, 362; Pasco, Hindshaw 10; Bickleton, Suksdorf 432; Goldendale, PIPE WASHINGTON. 237 Henderson in 1882; Simcoe Hills, Lyall in 1860; Coulee City, Piper 3868; Douglas County, Spillman, May 26, 1896; near mouth of Swauk, Watson 348; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 167; Prosser, Cotton 59. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 17. Eriogonum piperi Greene, Pittonia 3: 263. 1898. Type Locauity: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Washington. Rance: Washington to Montana. : SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2453. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 18. Eriogonum pyrolaefolium coryphaeum Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 162 1870. TypPE LocaLity: “Summit of the Cascade Mountains, about lat. 49° on the east side at the height of 7,500 feet.’’ Collected by Lyall. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 206; Piper 2117; Piper & Smith 541; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Paradise Valley, Flett 261; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 86; Flett 1050; Howell & Henderson in 1882; Skamania County, Suksdorf’ 1419; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy, August, 1882; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 19. Eriogonum compositum Dougl.; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 410. 1837. Type vocauity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1149; Mount Rainier, Piper 2127; Flett 230; Goat Mountain, Allen, September 20, 1893; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1050; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 47, 437; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Vancouver, Nuttall; Colum- bia River, Douglas; banks of Columbia opposite Wenache, Watson 351; without locality, Brandegee 1048; Rock Island, Whited 1415; Ellensburg, Whited 560; North Yakima, Stein- weg in 1894; Spokane, Letberg 22; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 94. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 19a. Eriogonum compositum leianthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 14:12. 1856. Type Locauiry: ‘In regione Oregon superioris ad Clear Water (Spalding) ad fl. Spokan et Kooskoosky (Geyer n. 470).” Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, May 13, 1900, and 92; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 726; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 289; Wawawai, Piper 1883; Elmer 773; mouth of Methow River, Watson 350; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; without locality, Cooper in 1853; North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton, June 1, 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This is distinguished from typical F’. compositum by having a smooth perianth. 20. Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 49. 1834. Eriogonum heracleoides minus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856. TypE Loca.ity: “‘Sources of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to Nevada and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 389; Whited 5374; Wenache, Whited 122, 1090, and June, 1896; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1057; Conconully, Whited 1314; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotfon 404; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 268; Columbia interior, Douglas in 1826; Sprague, Lake & Hull 675; Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 436 in part; Cheney, Tucker in 1892; Cow Creek, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Dewart, June 5, 1901; Pullman, Piper 1545; Lake & Hull 676; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896; Spokane, Kreager 11; 2 days before Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition. 238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition. A form of this from the region of Mount Stuart, represented by Elmer’s 1096, Brandegee’s 1050, and Sandberg & Leiberg’s 813, is distinguished by having small compact umbels and rather narrow lanceolate or lance-ovate leaves. It perhaps merits recognition as a subspecies. Another form of the species, which includes Watson’s 351, Whited’s 1149 and 1415, and Brandegee’s 1048, is characterized by unusually small and broad leaves, 2 to 4 cm. long, and small compact umbels of smaller flowers. Doctor Watson has labeled his specimen variety simplex, under which name the plant may be known. 20a. Eriogonum heracleoides angustifolium (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Proc, Am. Acad, 8: 159. 1870. Eriogonum angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 164. 1847. Type Loca.ity: “Western slope of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington, Oregon, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bickleton, Suksdorf 436. 21. Eriogonum tolmieanum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 134. 1838. Eriogonum umbellatum monocephalum Torr. & Gr. Proe. Am. Acad. 8: 160. 1870. ’ Tyre Locauity: “Banks of the Walla Walla River, among Artemisia.” Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Washington to California? SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla River, Tolmie; Yakima region, Tweedy, October, 1882. 22. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 241. 1828. Eriogonum latum Small; Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 121. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘‘Near the Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by James. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stehekin, Whited 1383; Wenache Mountains, Waited 1167; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 521; Mount Adams, Fett 1049; Henderson, August 9, 1892; Big Klickitat River, Cotton 1476. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 22a. Eriogonum umbellatum hypolejum subsp. nov. Leaves green on both sides, sparingly pubescent on the margins and petioles. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 727, July 17, 1898 (type, depos- ited in the United States National Herbarium); Mount Stuart, H/mer 1192, August, 1898. 22b. Eriogonum umbellatum majus Benth. in DC. Prod. 14: 11. 1856. Eriogonum subalpinum Greene, Pittonia 3: 18. 1896. Type LocaLity: ‘In montibus scopulosis region. sup. fl. Platte, Sweetwater, etc. (Gordon, Fremont, Burke, Geyer).” Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1198; Mount Chapaca, Elmer 586; Yakima region, Tweedy, August, 1882; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 686; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Areager 236. 23. Eriogonum stellatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc, 17: 409. 1837. Eriogonum croceum Small, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 43. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Interior of northwest America.”” Collected by Douglas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2447. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 239 OXYTHECA. 1. Oxytheca dendroides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 11. 1: 169. 1847. TypE Locauity: ‘On the sand hills of the Rocky Mountains, near Lewis River.” Col- lected by Nutall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Piper 2847; Pasco, Elmer 1053; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 444; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 380; Priest Rapids, Brandegee 1061; junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &: Leiberg 302. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CHORIZANTHE. 1. Chorizanthe watsoni Torr. & Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 199. 1873. Type Locauity: “ Nevada, on the borders of the desert, Humboldt, Reese River, and Grass valleys.” Rance: East Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 445; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson 2424; Pasco, Piper 2960; junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 258; without locality, Brandegee 445; Coulee City, Piper 3876. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CHENOPODIACEAE. GoosrEroor FAMILY. Embryo spirally coiled; endosperm scanty or wanting. Shrub with monoecious flowers __.. - eee ee ee eee ee eee eee SARCOBATUS (p. 239). Herbs with perfect flowers. Leaves becoming spiny; fruiting calyx surrounded by a wing... .. - wee ee ee eee eee eee eee ee ee eee SALSOLA (p. 240). Leaves fleshy ; fruiting calyx wingless.-.....-....------ Donpta (p. 240). Embryo annular. Endosperm none; stems jointed; leaves scale-like .......... - SALICORNIA (p. 240). Endosperm copious; stems not jointed; leaves not scale-like. Pericarp adherent to the seed; fruit much exceeding the calyx... 2.22220. 2 2 ee eee CorISPERMUM (p. 241). Pericarp not adherent; fruit inclosed. Flowers unisexual; fruit inclosed by 2 bractlets. Shrubs; testa membranous. Pericarp hairy.........----------------- Eurotia (p. 241). Pericarp glabrous ...........-.-2-------- GrayIia (p. 241). Mostly herbs; testa coriaceous .........-.--.--- ATRIPLEX (p. 241), lowers periect. Sepal 1, bract-like; stamen 1.-............--- MonNoLEPIS (p. 243). Sepals 5, united; stamens 5. Flowers capitate; calyx fleshyand red infruit. Burrum (p. 243). Flowers panicled; calyx dry or scarcely fleshy in fruit. .....222222-2-222222 222 a eee CHENOPODIUM (p. 242). SARCOBATUS. 1. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook.) Torr. in Emory, Rep. 149. 1848. GrEAsEWwoop. Batis? vermiculatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 128, 1838. Type Locauity: ‘‘Common on the barren grounds of the Columbia, and particularly near salt marshes.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Montana, New Mexico, and Arizona. 240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 699; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 410; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Yakima City, Piper, July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1064; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 449; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 540. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. For illustration see Plate TV, facing page 25. SALSOLA. 1. Salsola kali tragus (L.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 137: 187. 1849. RussiAN THISTLE. Salsola tragus li. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 322. 1762. Type Locaity: “ Habitat in Europa australi.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, July 10, 1897; Spokane, Areager 531. The Russian thistle probably first reached Washington in 1895 or 1896. It is now widely spread in the State. DONDIA. Fruiting calyx without crests or appendages........--....-.-.-...- 3. D. maritima. Fruiting calyx developing keels or crests. Calyx developing crests on one or more of its lobes; leaves linear, broadest at base... 22.22.22. 2.22 ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee 2. D. depressa. Calyx at length surrounded by a transverse lobed wing; leaves linear, narrowed at base.............2..2.-..2-2------------- 1. D. occidentalis. 1. Dondia occidentalis (S. Wats.) Heller Cat. N. A. Plants 3. 1898, Schoberia occidentalis 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 295, 1871. Suaeda occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 90. 1874. Type LocaLity: ‘Ruby Valley, Nevada.” Rance: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Henderson 2557; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 448; Lincoln County, Elmer 1241; Yakima City, Piper 2749, 2752. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton, Ill. Fl. 1: 585. 1896. Salsola depressa Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814. Suaeda depressa Ledeb.; 5. Wats. Bot. King Expl. 5: 294. 1871. Type Locauity: ‘On the volcanic plains of the Missouri.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Nevada and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 678. A doubtful immature specimen perhaps referable to the preceding. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Dondia maritima (L.) Druce, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist. 1896: 42. 1896. Chenopodium maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 221. 1753. Suaeda maritima Dum. Fl. Belg. 22. 1827. Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Habitat in Europae maritimis.” Rance: Seacoasts, Maine to New York. Washington. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Salt marshes near Coupeville, Gardner 365. SALICORNIA. 1. Salicornia ambigua Michx. Fl. 1: 2. 1803. Tyee Locauity: ‘In Carolinae scirpetis maritimis.” RanGe: Seabeaches, Massachusetts to Texas, British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 3, 1890; Seattle, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890; Port Townsend, Barber 188, 189. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 241 The Pacific Coast plant, judging from a small amount of herbarium material, is somewhat different from the typical ambigua of the Atlantic slope. Our plant was called 8. herbacea L. in Cooper’s Report and S. radicans L. in Hooker’s Flora, CORISPERMUM. Akenes 3 to 5 mm. long, winged ....... 2.2. .....----2-2-2------- 2. C. hyssopifolium. Akenes 2 to 2.5 mm. long, wingless ...... 2... ..---.----------- 1. C. villosum. 1. Corispermum villosum Kydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 191. 1897. Type LocaLiry: Manhattan, Montana. Rance: Washington, Montana, Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 753. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Corispermum hyssopifolium L. Sp. PI. 1: 4. 1753. BuGSEED. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat ad Volgam Tartariae, Gillan Borussiae, Monspelii arenosis.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 309; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1385; Wawawai, Piper 1770; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 885; Sunnyside, Cotton 754. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. EUROTIA. 1. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Moq. Chenop. Mon. Enum. 81. 1840. WINTER FAT. Diotis lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 602. 1814. Type Locatiry: “On the banks of the Missouri in open prairies.” Collected by Lewis. RANGE: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 347; Sunnyside, Piper 2846; Rattlesnake Mountains, Dunn, September 10, 1902; Sunnyside, Cotton 752. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. GRAYIA. 1. Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. in DC. Prod. 187: 119. 1849. Hop saGE. Chenopodium? spinosum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838. Grayia polygaloides Hook, & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy, 388. 1841. Eremosemium spinosum Greene, Pittonia 4: 225. 1901. Type Locauitry: ‘Interior of North California. Douglas, 1826.” Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3896; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg ra Leiberg 226; North Yakima, Fett 1028; Mrs. Steinweg i in 1894; Leckenby, May 9, 1898; Pasco, Piper 2974; Hindshaw 40; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 447; Snipes Mountains, Cotton 389; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 16. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ATRIPLEX. Perennial, shrubby; leaves oblong, entire -..........---.--.------- 5. A. nuttallii. Annuals. Leaves densely scurfy and silvery ......... 2222-2 -..---------- 4. A. argentea. Leaves fleshy and mealy, not silvery. Flowers in axillary clusters; leaves linear...........-....-- 3. A. zosteraefolia. Flowers in terminal panicles. Leaves ovate-triangular, usually dentate ....... 22-2... 1. A. hastata. Leaves lanceolate, mostly entire ........---.--------- 2. A. patula. 1. Atriplex hastata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1053. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Europa frigidiori.”’ 29418—O06 M 16 249 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Manitoba. Atlantic seacoast. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Prosser, Cotton 889. Evidently introduced, and said to be spreading rapidly. 2. Atriplex patula littoralis Gray, Man. ed. 5. 409. 1867. Atriplex littoralis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1054. 1753. Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Europae septentrionalis littoribus maris.”’ RANGE: Seacoasts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Great Lakes. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September, 1895; Shoalwater Bay, Hen- derson, August, 1885; Seattle, Piper in 1887. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Atriplex zosteraefolia (Hook.) 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 109. 1874. Chenopodium? zosteraefolium Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 127. 1838. Typkr Locauiry: “N. W. C. of America. Menzies. Columbia and Straits of De Fuea.’ Dr. Scouler. , SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Straits of De Fuca [Wash.?], Scouler. This peculiar species is known only from the type collections. Its rediscovery would be d of much interest. 4. Atriplex argentea Nutt. Gen. 1: 198. 1818. Type Locauity: ‘On sterile and saline plains near the Missouri.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Minnesota, southward to Colorado and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alma, Elmer 31; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Yakima City, Piper 2753; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 372; Waitsburg, Horner 419. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, 5. Atriplex nuttallii 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 116. 1874. Atriplex canescens Nutt. Gen. 1: 197. 1818, not Atriplex canescens (Pursh, 1814) James. ‘Type Locauiry: “‘On the denudated saline hills of the Missouri, commencing about 15 miles below the confluence of White River, and continuing to the mountains.” Rance: Washington and Alberta to Nevada and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CHENOPODIUM. Gooseroor. Calyx fleshy and red in fruit ...-. 2222-22-22. eee 5. OC. rubrum. Calyx dry in fruit. Pericarp loosely attached to the seed; leaves entire ..... 2.2.2. --- 4. CU. leptophyllum. Pericarp firmly attached to the seed; leaves dentate. Herbage glandular-pubescent..-.-... 2-2-2 ---.-2--------- 3. C. botrys Herbage not glandular. Leaves mealy beneath .........--...-.-------------- 1. C. album. Leaves glabrous ..._. .- ee ee eee ee ee eee eee ee ee. 2.0. hybridum. 1. Chenopodium album L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753. LAMB’S QUARTERS. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2055; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 257; Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1894; Hardwick, July 31, 1895. la. Chenopodium album viride (L.) Mog. in DC. Prod. 137: 71. 1849. Chenopodium viride L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753. TYPE Loca.iry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1391, 669; Wawawai, Piper 3584. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 943 2. Chenopodium hybridum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753. Tyre Locatiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; Wenache, Whited 65; Yakima, Piper 1798; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Loomis, Elmer 590; Waitsburg, Horner 418; Pend, Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Clarks Springs, Kreager 567. 3. Chenopodium botrys L. Sp. Pl. 1: 219. 1753. Tyre Locauiry: ‘Habitat in Europae australis arenosis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1824; without locality Vasey in 1889; Belleview, Kreager 496. 4. Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) Nutt.; 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 94. 1873. Chenopodium album leptophyllum Mog. in DC, Prod. 18°: 71. 1849. Type Locauiry: ‘In Nova California (Nuttall); Laplatte, Gordon.”’ Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona and Missouri. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River above Chelan River, Watson 338; Great Northern Tunnel, east side, Piper, July, 1895; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 377; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 316; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Pasco, Piper 2963; Waits- burg, /Torner 1089. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 5. Chenopodium rubrum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 218. 1758. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Nebraska, and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains near Columbia River, Suksdorf 670; Bingen, Suksdorf 2325; Wawawai, Piper in 1901; Meyers Falls, Areager 512. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran? 5a. Chenopodium rubrum humile (Iook.) 5. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 48. 1880. Chenopodium humaile Hook. Fl. Bor, Am, 2: 127. 1888. Type Locauity: ‘“ Marshes of the Saskatchewan.’’ Ranae: British Columbia to Manitoba, south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Seattle, Piper 2857; Shoal- water Bay, Henderson 694. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. BLITUM. 1. Blitum capitatum L. Sp. Pl. 1:4. 1753. Bute. Tyre Locauitry: ‘ Habitat in Europa: praesertim in comit. Tyrolensi.’’ Range: Yukon to California, the Great Lakes, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Hull 682; Piper, July 25, 1900. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. MONOLFEPIS. Leaves oblong, entire; flowers mostly solitary -.....--..-.----------- 1. M. pusilla. Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, often dentate; flower clusters dense. .... 2. M. nuttalliana. 1. Monolepis pusilla Torr.; 5S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 289. 1871. Type Locauity: ‘ Near Carson City, and rather frequent in the alkaline valleys of West- ern Nevada.” Rance: Eastern Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3886; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 241; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 446. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Monolepis nuttalliana (Roem. & Schult.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 168. 1891. Blitum chenopodioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 4. 1818, not Lam. Blitum nuttallianum Roem. & Schult. Mant. 1: 65. 1822. Monolepis cheno podioides Moq. in DC. Prod. 18°: 85. 1849. Type Locautry: ‘On arid soils near the banks of the Missouri.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 165; Pullman, Piper 1844; Waitsburg, Horner 186. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. AMARANTHACEAE. Amarantu FamiIty. AMARANTHUS. Flowers in dense terminal spikes. Spikes green, stout, 8 to 14 mm. thick... ....-. 22 -22-2.2222--2----- 1. A. retroflerus. Spikes purple, slender, 4 to 6 mm. thick Flowers in small axillary clusters. Soe ee eee eee 2. A. paniculatus. Plants prostrate; sepals 4 or 5....2.2.2.2.-.-.-2-.-2-2--------- 3. A, blitoides. Plants erect, much branched; sepals 8... ........-.------------- 4. A. graecizans. 1. Amaranthus retroflexus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 991. 1753. PIGWEED. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: Temperate and subtropical North America, mainly spread as a weed. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Peper 1554. 2. Amaranthus paniculatus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1406. 1763. Type Locatity: “ Habitat in America.” ' Rance: Naturalized in the United States from subtropical regions. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, Avreager 569. According to Hooker collected in 1825 by Scouler on the Columbia. 3. Amaranthus blitoides 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 273. 1877. Type Locatity: ‘Frequent in the valleys and plains of the interior, from Mexico to N. Nevada and Iowa, and becoming introduced in some of the Northern States eastward.”’ Rance: Washington to Nevada, Colorado, and Mexico. Now spreading eastward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1552; Spokane, A’reager 581. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Amaranthus graecizans L. Sp.. Pl. 2: 990. 1753. TUMBLEWEED. Amaranthus albus L. Syst. ed. 10. 1268. 1760. Tyree Locauity: ‘ Habitat in Virginia.” RanGE: Spread as a weed throughout temperate and subtropical North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2079; Pasco, Henderson in 1892; Pullman, Piper 1553; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893. NYCTAGINACEAE. [our-o’chock TF Amity. ABRONIA. Plants of the seashore. Flowers rose-colored; wings of the fruit thin..............-2.-.-..-- 1. A. umbellata. Flowers vellow; wings of the fruit thick, hollow.-.................. 2. A. latifolia. Plant of the sage-plains; flowers white...............-.-.--.2-.-.----- 3. A. mellifera. 1. Abronia umbellata Lam. Ill. 1: 469. pl. 105. 1791. Trek Locaniry: “Ex Californiae maritimis.”’ RANGE: Seacoast, Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper 2301; Clallam County, Elmer 2790; Point-° no-point, Piper in 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 245 2. Abronia latifolia Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 281. 1826. Abronia arenaria Menzies; Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: pl. 193. 1827. Tyre Locauity: ‘In arenosis maritimis Novae Californiae.”’ RanGE: Seashores, Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2791; Port Ange- les, Piper 2303; Port Townsend, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Westport, Heller 3943; Lamb 1096; Whidby Island, Gardner 253. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Abronia mellifera Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2879. 1829. Abronia suksdorfit Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 17: 348. 1892. Tyee Locauity: ‘ Near the Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 464; Morgans Ferry Suksdorf 429; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 11, 1886; Sand hills of Columbia, Nuttall; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Douglas in 1826; Priest Rapids, Douglas in 1826; Prosser, Henderson 2439; Pasco, Piper 2989; Elmer 1055; Hindshaw 16; Kiona, Piper 1807, 2646; Cotton 724. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ABRONIA FRAGRANS Nutt. is listed by Suksdorf, but the plant probably does not occur in our limits. AIZOACEAE. MOLLUGO. 1. Mollugo verticillata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 89. 1753. CARPET WEED. Type Locauiry: “ Habitat in Africa, Virginia.”’ Rance: Washington to New Brunswick and southward to Mexico and South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1675; North Yakima, Henderson, October, 1892; Parker, Elmer 1077; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Almota, Piper 1878, August, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 632; Toppenish, Cotton 795. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. PORTULACACEAE. PuRSLANE FAMILY. Ovary half inferior; sepals partly united...........-2..-.------- PoRTULACA (p. 245). Ovary superior. Capsule circumscissile ............----------------------- LEwWIsIA (p. 246). Capsule not circumscissile. Style branches 2; capsule 2-valved, sepals scarious...... SPRAGUEA (p. 251). Style branches 3; capsule 3-valved. Sepals deciduous. ..........-.-.----------------- TALINUM (p. 247). Sepals persistent. Petals 3 to 7; stamens 3 to 12; leaves fleshy, alter- nate .......2222.022-222.2-22--0---2------ ee JALANDRINIA (p. 247). Petals 5. Corolla zygomorphic ; styles short, cleft nearly to the base.............-.-.-------.---- Mownrta (p. 247). Corollaregular ; styleselongated ,unitednearly to the top...........2..-.......------- CLAYTONIA (p. 248). PORTULACA. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 445. 1753. PURSLANE. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europa australi, India, Ins. Ascensionis, America.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf, November, 1879; Almota, Piper, Sep- tember, 1896; Wawawai, Piper, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager 517. 246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. LEWISIA. Sepals 4 to 8; scape jointed and with an involucre of 5 to7 bracts......... 1. L. rediviva, Sepals 2; scape 2-bracteolate. Root elongate. Seeds granulate, conspicuously strophiolate.........-...-..-- 2. L. tweedyi. Seeds smooth, not at all strophiolate. Plants 2 to 8 em. high; flowers 1 to 3. Sepals entire; petals white .........---.-.--------- 3. L. nevadensis. Sepals erose; petals red..............------------- 4. L. pygmaea. Plants 10 to 20 cm. high; flowers several to many, red.... 5. L. columbiana. Root globose; cauline leaves 2 or 3, linear........-.-.----------- 6. L. triphylla. 1. Lewisia rediviva Pursh, Fl. 2: 368. 1814. Rock ROsE. BITrERROOT. Type Locauity: “On the banks of Clark’s River.” Collected by Lewis. The exact place is the mouth of the Lou Lou fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Flett 1293; Wenache, Wiited 1089; North Yakima Henderson, May, 1892; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 127; Major Creek, Suksdorf 258; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker in 1892; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Ellensburg, Piper in 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Lewisia tweedyi (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 1895. Calandrinia tweedyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887. Type Locauity: “ Wenatchee Mountains, Washington Territory.”’ Collected by Tweedy and by Brandegee. Rance: Wenache Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Tweedy 898; Brandegee; Sandberg & Leiberg 346; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1242. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? 3. Lewisia nevadensis (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 1895. Calandrinia nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 623. 1873. Type Loca.ity: “Subalpine region of Wahsatch and East Humboldt Mountains [Nevada] and Sierra Nevada, California, at Summit and Cisco.” RanGE: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1275; Simcoe Hills, Howell 292; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 472; Blue Mountains, Piper 2391; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1235. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 4. Lewisia pygmaea (A. Gray) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 268. 1895. Talinum pygmaea A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. IL. 33: 407. 1862. Oreobroma pygmaea Howell, Erythea 1: 33. 1893. TypPE LocaLity: Rocky Mountains. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Paradise Valley, Flett 284; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 336. 5. Lewisia columbiana (Howell) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895. Calandrinia columbiana Howell; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887. Tyre Loca.tty: “ Mountains of Oregon and Washington Territory (coll. by Lyall as far north as lat. 49°).”’ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascades and Olympics. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2222; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 205; Olympic Mountains, Flett 128; Elmer 2690; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1206; Sandberg & Leiberg 547; Brandegee 683; Head of Twisp River, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 247 Whited, July, 1896; Mount Henderson, Henderson 2044; Lacentre, Mrs. Fanny Briggs in 1887. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. The Lyall specimen was referred to Calandrinia leana Porter in the Botany of California, a but that species does not reach our limits. 6. Lewisia triphylla (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 269. 1895. Claytonia triphylla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 345. 1875. Type tocauity: “Above Cisco, California; in Yosemite Valley ... and... in Sierra County. RanGE: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August, 1880; Henderson, August, 1892; Goat Mountain, Allen 154; Klickitat River, Flett 1274; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879, 290; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 464; Blue Mountains, Piper 2431. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. TALINUM. 1. Talinum spinescens Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 250. 1873. Tyre Locauity: “ Bare rocks between Fort Okanogan and Grand Coulie, on the Upper Columbia River.” Rance: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Steinweg in 1894; Yakima, Nevius, April, 1890; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee in 1883; Great Plains, Dr. T. £. Wilcox in 1883; Coal and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 227; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Piper 3871; near Cottonwood, Suksdorf 257. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. CALANDRINIA. 1. Calandrinia caulescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 78. pl. 526. 1828. Type Locairy: “Crescit in Regno Quitensi, prope Chillo, villam contiguam planitiei Cachapambensi, alt. 1340 hex.; item prope urbem Mexici, alt. 1168 hex.” RanGE: Washington to Mexico. South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 36; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 955, 251; Seattle, Smith in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Calandrinia caulescens menziesii (Hook.) A. Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 22: 277. 1887 Talinum menziesii Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 228. 1833. Type Locauiry: “North-West coast of America, south of the Columbia,” Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Cooper. MONTIA. 1. Montia fontana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 87. 1753. Montia minor Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 301. 18065. Tyre Loca.itry: European. Rance: Subarctic regions, south to Maine and California. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 50; Tacoma, Flett 891, 27; Wenache, Whited 1015; Ellensburg, Piper 2715; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 89; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 435. 1880. 248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. CLAYTONIA. Perennials with thick roots or corms. Vorm globose; cauline leaves oblong. .................... 1. C. lanceolata. Caudex elongate; cauline leaves linear-spatulate.......... 2. C. megarrhiza. Perennials or annuals; roots not cormose. Stems bearing only two leaves, these opposite. Jauline leaves not united. Pedicels mostly bractless; perennial by rootstocks. 3. C. asarifolia. Pedicels mostly with bracts; roots fibrous. Perennial, 10 to 50 cm. high; leaves ovate.... 4. (. sibirica. Annual, 5 to 15cm. high; leaves narrow.... 5. C. arenicola. Yauline leaves united, at least at base. United leaves forming a roundish disk. Calyx 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. broad..... - 6. C. perfoliata. Calyx 2 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. broad. Basal leaves linear ............2..22.-- 7. C. parviflora. Basal leaves ovate............2 2.2.2. 7a. C. parviflora depressa. United leaves not forming a disk, but linear or lanceolate... 22.2.2... 222 ee eee eee 8. C. spathulata. Stems bearing more than two opposite leaves, or leaves alternate. Cauline leaves several pairs, opposite................ 9. C. chamissoi. Cauline leaves alternate. Perennial, producing slender stolons; leaves very fleshy ......2.222-02-200..2022-2----------.. 10. C. parvifolia. Annual, not stoloniferous; leaves not very fleshy. Leaves broad, long-petioled; seeds striate .... 11. C. diffusa. Leaves narrow, sessile. Seeds dull, less than 1 mm. broad _.._. . 12. C. dichotoma. Seeds shining. Petals 4 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. broad.....-.2.2.2.2.2.-.-.-... 13. C. linearis. Petals minute or absent; seeds | mm. broad... 22222...-2...2-2222 14. C. howellii. 1. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh, Fl. 1: 175. 1814. Type Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis, the exact place on the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2228; Mount Rainier, Piper 2108; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Goat Mountain, Allen 87; Cleman Moun- tain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1878; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 752; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner 63; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. 2. Claytonia megarrhiza (A. Gray) Parry; Wats. Bibl. Index 118, 1878. Claytonia arctica megarrhiza A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 33: 406. 1862. Tyre Locatiry: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Parry. Rance: Washington to Alberta, Oregon, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1224; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 4, 1900. 3. Claytonia asarifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 137. 1832. Clayionia cordifolia Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 365. 1882. Monta asarifolia Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 249 TYPE LocaLity: Sitka, Alaska. RanGE: Alaska to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2219; Flett 88; Goat Mountain, Allen 153; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1895; Silverton, Bouck 36; Klickitat River, Flett 1277; Kittitas Mountain, Whited 1284; head of Atanum River, Henderson, August 24, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 103; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 603; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 4. Claytonia sibirica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 204. 1753. Claytonia alsinoides Sims, Bot. Mag. 32: pl. 1309. 1810. Montia washingtoniana Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 220. 1898. Montia sibirica Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Habitat in Siberta.’’ Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3861; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; King County, Suksdorf 957; Silverton, Bouck 35; Olympia, Ain- caid, July, 1896; Mount Rainier, Flett 241; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 151; Mount Baker, Flett 854; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2245, 256; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 426; Spokane, Watson 60; Dewart in 1901; with- out locality, Cooper in 1854; Clarks Springs, Areager 32; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 425. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Claytonia arenicola Henderson, Bull. Torr. Club 22: 49. 1895. Montia arenicola Howell, FJ. N. W. Am. 96. 1897. Type Loca.iry: Lewiston, Idaho. Collected by Henderson. Rance: Idaho and Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2290; Henderson 2430; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 15; Waitsburg, Horner 64; Wawawai, Elmer 121; Piper 2799, 3822; Clarkston, Hunter 6. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 6. Claytonia perfoliata Donn; Willd. Sp. Pl. 1°: 1186. 1797. Montia perfoliata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893. Type vocauity: “ Habitat in America boreali.” Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885; without locality, Vasey 171; west Klicki- tat County, Suksdorf 529, 530, 1879; Blue Mountains, Horner 67. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Ga. Claytonia perfoliata amplectens Greene, Fl. Fran. 179. 1891. Type Loca.ity: “Middle elevations of the Sierra,’ California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; without locality, Vasey in 1889. This is merely a form in which the cauline leaves are nearly or quite separate. 7. Claytonia parviflora Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 225, 1833. Montia parviflora rupestris Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 221. 1898. Montia parviflora hydrophila Suksdorf, loc. cit. Montia parviflora silvatica Suksdorf, op. cit. 222. Montia interrupta Suksdorf, loc. cit. Montia parviflora Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893. Tyre Loca.iry: “Abundant along the course of the Columbia, in open parts of the forest where wood has been burned, or the ground turned up by deer.”’ Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California, Idaho, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fletf 83; Olympia, /Tenderson, May 24, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 531, 956, 2017, 2097, 2092; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 204; 250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Pullman, Elmer 845; Hull, May, 1892; Tukanon River, Lake, July 1, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 66; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2304, 2305; Tacoma, Flett 2157, 2197. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7a. Claytonia parviflora depressa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 281. 1887. Montia latifolia Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898. Montia arenaria Suksdorf, loc. cit. Montia humifusa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 96. 1897. Montia rubra Howell, Erythea 1:38. 1893. Moniia parviflora depressa Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 274, 1895. ?Claytonia parviflora glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1: 200. 1838. Type Locauity: “On river banks, probably sand-washes, Brit. Columbia to Oregon and adjacent Idaho.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 53; Admi- ralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Fett 2259, 85; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Douglas County, Spillman; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 532, 1880, 1881, 2009, 2010, 2199; Waitsburg, Horner 65; Blue Mountains, Horner 68. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 8. Claytonia spathulata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 226. 1833. Montia spathulata Howell, Erythea 1: 38. 1893. Montia spathulata disciformis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 222. 1898. Type Locaity: ‘‘ North-West coast of America” Menzies. ‘In the vallies of the Rocky Mountains” Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Laidlaw, Lamb 1116; Tacoma, Flett 86,4, 880; Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Major Creek, Suksdorf' 2095. 8a. Claytonia spathulata exigua (Torr. & Gr.) Claytonia exigua Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 200. 1888. Montia spathulata exigua Robinson in Gray, Syn. FI. 1: 275. 1895. Type Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 54; Bingen, Suksdorf 2094; White Salmon, Suksdorf 255. 9. Claytonia chamissoi Ledeb.; Spreng. Syst. 1: 790. 1825. Claytonia chamissonis Esch. Linnaea 6: 562. 1831. Montia chamissonis Greene, Fl. Fran. 180. 1891. Type Lcocauity: “ Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Minnesota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Roy, Allen, May 17, 1889; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 958; Upper Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Klickitat River, lett 1288; Spokane County, Sand- berg & Leiberg 88; Pullman, Elmer 818; Piper 1712; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 10. Claytonia parvifolia Moc.; DC. Prod. 3: 361. 1828. Claytonia filicaulis Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224. pl. 72. 1834. Montia parvifolia Greene, Fl. Fran 181. 1891. Type LocaLiry: Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island. Rance: Alaska to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tacoma, Flett 213: Skokomish River, Henderson, May, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 37; Mount Rainier, Flett 1405; Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 152, 152a; west Klickitat County Suksdorf 1878; Klickitat River, Flett 1290; Yakima County, Brandegee 686; Peshastin, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 251 Sandberg & Leiberg 585; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 713; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition. 11. Claytonia diffusa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 1888. Montia diffusa Greene, F]. Fran. 181. 1891. Tyre Locauity: “In pine woods, a few miles above Fort Vancouver.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gig Harbor, Flett 5; Larm River, Suksdorf'104; Seattle, Piper in 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 12. Claytonia dichotoma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 202. 1838. Montia dichotoma Howell, Erythea 1: 36. 1893. Type Locauity: “In wet places on rocks, near the junction of the Wahlamet with the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Howell 89; White Salmon, Suksdorf, June, 1878; Spokane, Piper 2667, May 19, 1899; Pullman, Elmer 173; without locality, Geyer 648. ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition. 13. Claytonia linearis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 224, pl. 71. 1834. Montia linearis Greene, Fl. Fran. 181. 1891. Type Loca.ity: “Moist rocky places; on the Great and Little Falls of the Columbia, abundant.” Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 55; Tacoma, Flett 3; Klickitat River, Flett 1289: Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 41; without locality, Douglas; without locality, Geyer 317; Pullman, Elmer 157; Piper 1713; Hull, May 24, 1892; Moore, May 16, 1893: Vancouver, Piper 4946; Seattle, Piper in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 14. Claytonia howellii (S. Wats.). Montia howellii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883. Type Locatity: “On Sauvies Island, in the Willamette River, Oregon.” Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region: SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 241. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. SPRAGUEA. 1. Spraguea multiceps Howell, Erythea 1: 39. 1893. Spraguea umbellata caudicifera A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 278, 1895, TypE LocaLity: Mount Hood, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Rainier, Piper 2091, 37; Allen 101; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877; Flett 1052; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 659; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Arctic. 252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SILENACEAE. Pink Famity. Sepals united; petals long-clawed. Calyx 10 to many-nerved. Styles 3, rarely 4 or 5; capsule with 3 or 6 teeth........ SILENE (p. 252). Styles always 5; capsule with 5 or 10 teeth. Calyx with tooth-like lobes..............220.2.2.- Lycunis (p. 255). Calyx with the lobes foliaceous..........2.022.-.. AGROSTEMMA (p. 256). Calyx 5-nerved; styles 2. Calyx cylindric, not angled...-............2.220.-22--- SAPONARIA (p. 256). Calyx ovate, angled........2..2.2....2.. eee eeeeeeeee VAcoARIA (p. 256). Sepals free to the base or nearly so. Stipules wanting. Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted, rarely none. Capsule cylindric, usually curved................-- CERASTIUM (p. 256). Capsule ovate or oblong, not curved............... ALSINE (p. 257). Petals entire or notched, rarely none. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. Sacina (p. 259). Styles fewer than the sepals or opposite them. Disk of the receptacle conspicuous, 8 to 10-lobed. AMMODENIA (p. 260). Disk wanting. Seeds cach with a strophiole........ 22... MOEHRINGIA (p. 260). Seeds without strophioles...............- ARENARIA (p. 260). Stipules present, scarious. Fruit a one-seeded utricle; sepals spine-tipped.......... Penracarna (p. 264). Fruit a capsule; sepals not spine-tipped. Styles and valves of the capsule 5................. SPERGULA (p. 263). Styles and valves of the capsule 3.............-.- Tissa (p. 263). SILENE. Carcurty. Calyx with 15 nerves or more. Nerves 18 to 23, prominent ..............-.-.-..--------- 1. S. multinervia. Nerves 15 to 20, obscure..... 2.222.202 2202 22 eee ee eee eee 2. S. vulgaris. Calyx with 10 nerves. Plants annual or biennial. Inflorescence a simple raceme.............-.---+.-+----- 3. 8S. anglica. Inflorescence a cyme or a panicle. Plant sticky hairy......-. 222. .22.22222222222--- 4. 8. noctiflora. Plant glabrous, except that the middle portion of each of the upper internodes is glutinous. ......-.-.-- 5. 8. antirrhina. Plants perennial. Acaulescent and densely matted...........22.2.....-- 6. S. acaulis. Caulescent. Flowers solitary in the forks of leafy branches... . - - 7. S. menziesii. Flowers in terminal panicles, or occasionally solitary. Calyx cylindric, narrowed at base; ovary stipitate. Blades of the petals cleft into 4 to § linear lobes. 222222 Blades of the petals cleft into 2 lobes. Stems very leafy; petal-lobes small, 8. S. oregana. entire... 2... ..0..22222-20--2-2-- 9. S. spaldingii. Stems not very leafy; petal-lobes notched ...........-..2.2-2------ 10. S. scouleri. Calyx campanulate; ovary not stipitate. Plant 5 to 10 cm. high; flowers 1 to 3... .. lL. S. suksdorfir. Plants taller; flowers often numerous. Blades of petals 2-lobed......... 2... 12. S, douglasii. Blades of petals 4-lobed, the lateral lobes smaller .....2.2...2.2.----- 13. S. macounii. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 253 1. Silene multinervia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 126. 1890. Type Locaity: ‘Near Jamuel,’’ California. Rance: California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 44, doubtless introduced from California. 2. Silene vulgaris (Moench.) Garcke, Fl. Deutschl. ed. 9. 64, 1869. Behen vulgaris Moench, Meth. 709. 1794. Silene cucubalus Wibel, Prim. Fl. Werth. 241. 1799. Cucubalus behen L. Sp. Pl. 1: 414, 1758, not Silene behen L. Tyre Locatiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle. Piper 1817. 8. Silene anglica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 416. 1753. Silene gallica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 417. 1758. Tyree cocauity: ‘Habitat in Anglia, Gallia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1847; Seattle, Piper. 4. Silene noctiflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1753. Type Locauity: “ Habitat in Suecia, Germania.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 34; Silverton, Bouck 151 b; White Sal- mon, Suksdorf 525; Pullman, Piper 1854. 5. Silene antirrhina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 1743. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Virginia, Carolina.” Rance: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Hincaid, June, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2750: Tacoma, Flett, June, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1857; Stehekin, Whited 1404; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Almota, Piper 1707; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Areager 111; Seattle, Piper in L888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 6. Silene acaulis L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 1: 608. 1762. Type vocauiry: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Austriacis, Helveticis, Pyrenaeis.”’ Rance: Arctic regions, south to the White Mountains, and in the west to Washington and Arizona. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Elinor, Miss Getty, August, 1902; Mount Rainier, lett 31; Bridge Creek, Emer in 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. . 7. Silene menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 90. pl. 30. 1830. Silene stellarioides Nutt.; Torr, & Gr. Fl. 1: 198. 1838. Type cocauiry: ‘North-West coast of America.’’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Hope Island, Flett 2112; Whidby Island, Gardner 41; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Thorp, Whited 634; Beaver Creek, Whited 231; Wenache, Whited 156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1854; North Yakima, Hender- son in 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 222; Spokane, Spalding; without locality, Vasey in 1889; “on the Okanogan,” Douglas; Asotin Creek, Hunter, June, 1900; Clarks Springs, Areager 48, 620, 260; Pullman, Piper, June, 1893; Blue Mountains, Horner, July 17, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. Professor Greene has recently proposed the genus Anotites, based on this species which he regards as an aggregate of several. Of these A. viscosa Greene is based on Horner’s Blue Mountains collection and A. nodosa b on Whited’s Wenache collection, a Leaflets 1: 98. 1905. b Op. cit. 100. 254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Silene oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 343. 1875. Type Locauity: ‘In the Blue Mountains, Oregon.” Collected by Nevius. Rance: Oregon and Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson 2567; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1237; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Simeoe Hills, Howell 311; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2038; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1297; Clarks Springs, Areager 576; Blue Mountains, Piper 2393. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 9. Silene spaldingii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875. Type Locaiity: ‘On the Clear Water,” Idaho. Collected by Spalding. RanGe: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cheney, Mrs. Tucker in 1900. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. 10. Silene scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830. Tyre Locauity: Fort Vancouver, Washington. Collected by Scouler. RancGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Yelm Prairie, Smith 621; Tacoma, Flett 875; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1896; near Mount Stuart, Brandegee 656; Tieton River, Cotton 491; Blue Mountains, Horner 571. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 11. Silene suksdorfii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 44. 1891. Type Locatity: ‘‘ Mt. Paddo (Adams), at 7,000 to 8,000 feet altitude.” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, 239; Piper 2135, 623; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1178; Brandegee 654; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf 47; Howell & Henderson, August, 1882; White River, Flett 304. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 12. Silene douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 88. 1830. Silene dilatata Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898. TypE Locatity: ‘Abundant in mountain valleys, above the Grand Rapids of the Colum- bia, and among the Rocky Mountains on their western declivity.”. Collected by Douglas. — Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2216; Elmer 2744, 2747; Wenache, Whited 14; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 574; Goat Mountains, Allen 124g: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’7; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 5016. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian to Transition. 12a. Silene douglasii monantha (S. Wats.) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 145. 1893. Silene monantha 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 340. 1875. TypPE Locairy: “On the débris at the base of Castle Rock, Cascades,’’ Washington, Collected by Harford & Dunn. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Castle Rock, Harford & Dunn. This is probably only a starved shade plant, and not distinct. It is known only from the type specimen. 12b. Silene douglasii brachycalyx Robinson, Proc. Am, Acad. 28: 145, 1893. Silene columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 78. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Multnomah County, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Skamania County, Suksdorf 2436; Baldy Peak, Chehalis County, Lamb 1321. PIPER——-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 259 12c. Silene douglasii multicaulis (Nutt.) Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 144. 1893. Silene multicaulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 192. 1838. Type Locaity: ‘‘ Woods from the west side of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 141, 1146; Fllensburg, Elmer 415; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Ramm, July, 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 250; Kreager 97; Blue Mountains, Piper 2402; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Yakima region, Brandegee 655 (doubtfully referred here, the plant being viscid throughout); Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 676. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 13. Silene macounii S. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad. 26: 124, 1891. ? Silene lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am, Acad, 10: 342. 1875. Silene douglasii macounit Robinson, Proc. Am, Acad, 28: 144, 1893. Silene douglasii macrocalyx Robinson, op. cit. 145, in part. Silene douglasii viscida, Robinson, loc. cit. Silene tetragyna Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 212. 1898. Type Locauiry: “Summit of the Rocky Mountains, British Columbia.’ Collected by Macoun. RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2237, 917; Loomis, Elmer 579; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 489; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 529; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1178; Sandberg & Leiberg 817; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2434, 2435; Mount Rainier, Piper 622, 2119, 2109; Smith 936; Skamania County, Suksdorf, 1851; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. * Piper no. 622 is referred by Doctor Robinsona to Silene watsonii, but this seems to me an error. Better material collected later in the same place is certainly 8S. macounii. Smith’s 936, once referred doubtfully® to 8. grayii, is the same thing. SILENE ARMERIA L. is occasionally encountered as a garden escape. Silene hookeri Nutt., included in Sukdorf’s list, probably does not occur north of the Columbia River. LYCHNIS. Herbage white-tomentose; calyx-teeth twisted... .......-.-.-.-- ..- 1. L. ecoroneria. Herbage green, glandular-pubescent; calyx-teeth not twisted. .......- 2. L. drummondit. 1. Lychnis coronaria Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 643. 1789. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 144; Seattle, Piper in 1889. A European species sometimes escaping from gardens and persisting. 2. Lychnis drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 37, 432. 1872. Silene drummondii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 89. 1830. Typr Locauity: ‘Plains of the Saskatchewan.’’ Collected by Richardson and _ by Drummond. Hooker gives further: ‘Common on the elevated, gravelly soils, near Fort Vancouver, and skirting the Blue Mountains. Douglas.’’ As this species has not been collected in Washington or Oregon since Douglas’s time, it is almost certain that there is some error — in connection with Hooker’s note. aProc. Am. Acad. 28: 143. 1892; Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 222. 1897. ' b Proc. Am. Acad. loc. cit. 256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. AGROSTEMMA. 1. Agrostemma githago L. Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753. CocKLE. Type Locatity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 693; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894. | SAPONARIA. 1. Saponaria officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 408. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union Gap, Cotton 428. VACCARIA. 1. Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 2: 18. 1897. Cow COCKLE. Saponaria vaccaria Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 409. 1758. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat inter segetes Galliae, Germaniae.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 461; Waitsburg, Horner 395; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 490; Pullman, Piper 1706; Meyers Falls, Areager 498. Very common and troublesome in grain fields. CERASTIUM. Petals not longer than the sepals. Pedicels longer than the calyx... ....-2..-.--------------------- 1. C. vulgatum. Pedicels not longer than the calyx....-.-...--..--.--------------- 2. CU. viscosum. Petals decidedly longer than the sepals. Annual; viscid pubescent; pods nodding. ................... ..... 3. CO. nutans. Perennial; pubescent; pods erect... .-.......-.-.--------------- 4. C. arvense. 1. Cerastium vulgatum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 627. 1762. Tyre Locaity: ‘‘ Habitat in Seaniae & Europae australioris pratis, areis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 40; Seattle, Piper. 2. Cerastium viscosum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 487. 1753. TyPeE Loca.iry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 39; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 112; Waitsburg, Horner 129; Seattle, Piper. 3. Cerastium nutans Raf. Prec. Decouv. 36. 1814. Cerastium longepedunculatum Muhl. Cat. 46. 1813, nom. nud. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘ En Pennsylvanie.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 47, 1016; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. 4. Cerastium arvense L. Sp. Pl. 1: 438. 1753. Cerastium elongatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 321. 1814. Type Locarity: ‘‘ Habitat in Scania australiori Europa.” Rance: North temperate zone in America, Asia, and Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2749*; Olympic Mountains, Flett 87*, 808*; Humptulips, Lamb 1174; Goat Mountains, Allen 237*; Mount Adams, Flett 1060; Seattle, Smith, April, 1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympia, Hen- derson, March, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Moore, May, 1893; Elmer 177; Hull, May, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. The specimens marked (*) are high alpine forms which approach C. alpinum behrrin- yianum (Cham. & Schlecht.) Regel. Flett’s 808 was listed as C. alpinum L. by Wiegand. a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 257 ALSINE. CuHICKWEED. Lowest leaves petiolate. Stems pubescent with a line of hairs; leaves ovate... ...---- 1. A. media. Stems glabrous, except at base; leaves shiny, the upper linear- lanceolate... .........2.-2222-2-2-2-2-2-----2-2-2------ 2. A. nitens. Leaves all sessile. Petals retuse or bifid at apex; leaves lanceolate; herbage gland- ular-pubescent........-.2.2-- 22-2 220-22 ee ee eee eee eee 11. A. jamesiana. Petals deeply 2-parted; herbage not glandular. Bracts of the inflorescence small, scarious. Pedicels spreading; cyme diffuse. Leaves linear, acute at each end; seeds smooth... 3. A. longifolia. Leaves lanceolate, broadest near the base; seeds rough _.........-.--------------++---+--- 4. A. graminea. Pedicels erect; cymes few-flowered.........-.-.--- 5. A. longipes. Bracts of the inflorescence leafy. Leaves lanceolate; petals small or none. ........... 6. A. borealis. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Sepals obtuse, without scarious margins .....-. 7. A, obtusa. Sepals acute, with scarious margins. Flowers cymose; leaves lance-ovate ...... - 8. A. calycantha. Flowers solitary, axillary; leaves ovate, Herbage glabrous. .........-.---.--- 9. A. crispa. Herbage finely puberulent......-.--- 10. A. washingtoniana. 1. Alsine media L. Sp. Pl. 1: 272. 1753. CHICKWEED. Stellaria media Cirill. Char. Comm. 36. 1784. Type Loca.ity: European. Rance: Europe and Asia. Introduced as a weed in North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper, May, 1897. A common weed, nearly everywhere in the State. 2. Alsine nitens (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 33. 1894. Stellaria nitens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 185. 1838. TypPE Locauity: ‘Plains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 587; Tacoma, Flett 100, 23; Nisqually Valley, Allen 145; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 43; Pullman, Piper 1834; Elmer 108; Blue Mountains, Horner 111. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 3. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 150. 1894. Stellaria longifolia Muhl.; Willd. Enum. 479. 1809. Tyre Locauity: “ Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Washington and Kentucky. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper 593; Marshall Junction, Piper 2258, 4. Alsine graminea (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 150. 1894. Stellaria graminea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 422. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 740; Pullman, Piper, September 6, 1899. 29418—O6 M 17 958 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb, 4: 70. 1893. Stellaria longipes Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6: 327. 1822. TyprE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Woods near Lake Ontario.”’ Rance: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 102; Tacoma, Flett 193; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; Clealum, Henderson, June 1892; Kittitas County, Whited, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 133a; Medical Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Cold Creek, Cot- ton 397; Kreager 28; Pullman, Hull 481; Piper 1710, 1711; without locality, Brandegee 661. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 149. 1894. Stellaria borealis Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. 182. 1824. Type Locauity: White Mountains, New Hampshire. Rance: Alaska to New England, south to California and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Seattle, Smith 231; Tacoma, Fett 162; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 155; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 527; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2437; Nason Creek, Sandberg &: Leiberg 605; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Watson, September 24, 1880; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 480; Blue Mountains, Piper 2454; without locality, Brandegee 662, 664. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 6a. Alsine borealis alpestris (Fries) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 149. 1894. Stellaria alpestris Fries, Mant. 1: 10. 1832. Stellaria borealis corollina Fenzl. in Ledeb. FI. Ross. 1: 382. 1842. Alsine brachypetala (Bong.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 82. 1897. Tyre Locauity: “In humidis alpium Jemtlandiae, Lapponiae, Norwegiae passim.”’ Rance: Alaska to Oregon and the Great Lakes. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Orchard, Piper 2313; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2438, 2439; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 526; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1864; without locality, Brandegee. 7. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 569. 18°6. Stellaria obtusa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 5. 1882. TYPE LocaLiry: Gunnison River, Colorado. Rance: Washington to British Columbia and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish River, Piper, August, 1895. 8. Alsine calycantha (Ledeb.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 145. 1900. Arenaria calycantha Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 534. 1812. Stellaria calycantha Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 127. 1882. Alsine simcoei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 83. 1897. Type Locaity: ‘“ Hab, in Siberia orientali.”’ Rance: Alaska to California. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2134; Paradise River, Allen 159, 159a; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2302, 2303; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 667; Klickitat County, Howell 313; Skamania County, Suksdorf' 2194; Wenache trail, Brandegee 668. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The Mount Rainier specimens were erroneously referred to A. uliginosa (Murr.) Britton, by Howell.a@ Alsine simcoer Howell differs from A. calycantha only in being unusually pubescent. aFl. N. W. Am. 1: 82. 1897. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 259 9. Alsine crispa (Cham. & Schlecht.) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 216. 1895. Stellaria crispa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 51. 1826. Type Locauitry: “ Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 156; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1863; Falcon . Valley, Suksdorf 333; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. The Blue Mountains specimens are not typical, and probably represent a new subspecies. 10. Alsine washingtoniana (Robinson) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900. Stellaria washingtoniana Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 25: 166. 1898. Type Locatity: “In alder woods of the upper valley of the Nisqually, upon the slopes of Mount Rainier, Washington.” Collected by O. D. Allen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2238; valley of the Nisqually, Allen 157. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 11. Alsine jamesiana (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. A. Pl. ed. 2. 4. 1900. Stellaria jamesiana Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 169, 1828, Stellaria jamesti of authors. Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.”’ Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 818; Wenache Mountains Whited, June, 1896; Clealum, Henderson 2568. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 8. SAGINA. Herbage glandular-puberulent ........-.-...-------2- 2c ee ee ee ee eee 3. S. ciliata. Herbage glabrous. Stems slender; leaves scarcely fleshy. .......-.----..------------- 1. S. occidentalis. Stems rather stout; leaves fleshy.-......-.-.---.--------------- 2. 8. crassicaulis. 1. Sagina occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 344. 1875. Type Loca.ity: ‘In the valleys and borders of salt marshes from Oregon to San - Francisco.” Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Seattle, Smith 744; Piper 470; Coupeville, Gardner 47, 48; Mount Rainier, Piper 2631, 745; Bridge Creek, Elmer. 2. Sagina crassicaulis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 191. 1883. Type Locauity: ‘On Dillon’s Beach, Marin County, California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Orchard, Piper 2312; Ocosta, Henderson, June 26, 1892; Tlwaco, Henderson, September, 1885; Piper 4996. The species of this genus are illy defined, and we seriously doubt that S. crassicaulis and S. occidentalis are really distinct. Alpine forms here referred to the latter have been con- sidered to be S. linnaei Pres] (S. saginoides (L.) Britt.), which, indeed, may be correct. 3. Sagina ciliata (Greene). Alsinella ciliata Greene, F]. Fran. 126. 1891. Type Locatity: “ Vicinity of Ione,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, in dry soil, Piper in 1889. 260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 10. MOEHRINGIA. Petals longer than the obtusish sepals. .........-.-.--.------------ 1. M. lateriflora. Petals shorter than the acuminate sepals.............2...--------- 2. M. macrophylla. 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, Verbr. Alsin. 18. 1833. Arenaria laterifolia Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 428. 1758. Type LOCALITY: Siberia. Rance: Oregon to Colorado and New Jersey, and northward. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 1022; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 123; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Hull 483; Piper, June, 1893; Walla Walla, Brandegee 671. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 246. 1874. Arenaria macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1880. Type cocaity: ‘North-West America, in shady woods.”’ Collected by Douglas. Range: British Columbia to California and eastward to Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2751; Tacoma, Flett 87; Mount Rai- nier, Piper 2128; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 158; White Salmon, Suksdorf 250; Klicki- tat River, Flett 1356; Clealum, Whited 361; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 627; without locality, Brandegee 670; Kamiak Butte, Moore 1705; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 784; Mount Carlton, Kreager 219; Cape Horn, Piper 5014. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. AMMODENTIA. 1. Ammodenia peploides (L.) Rupr. Beitr. Pfl. Russ. Reich, 2: 25. 1845. Arenaria peploides L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1753. Honkenya peploides Khrh. Beitr. 2: 181. 1788. Type LocaLity: Kuropean. Rance: On the seashore, Arctic regions, southward to Washington and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 1867; Ilwaco, Henderson 2156; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. la. Ammodenia peploides major (Hook.) Arenaria peploides major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 102. 1830. Honkenya oblongifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 176. 1888. Arenaria sitchensis Dietr. Syn. Pl. 2: 1565, 1839-52. Type Locaity: ‘‘De Fuca’s Straits.” Collected by Scouler. Rance: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1248; Whidby Island, Gardner 45; near Seattle, Piper, July, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. ARENARIA. Valves of the capsule 2-toothed. Annual; leaves ovate... .......02222222-2.0.-2---2----2-- 202 1. A. serpyllifolia. Perennials; leaves very narrowly linear. Sepals obtuse; flowers in loose cymes ...-..---..---------- 2. A. capillaris. Sepals not obtuse. Petals longer than the ovate acute 3-nerved sepals. Flowers in dense clusters .................------- 3. A. congesta. Flowers in loose clusters ......-..-.-..---------- 4. A. glabrescens. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 261 Petals shorter than the pungent, lanceolate 1-nerved sepals... 2.222222 2220022222222 ee eee ee 5. A. franklinit. Petals wanting; plants minute, usually purplish ................ 8. A. pusilla. Valves of the capsule entire. Petals present. Leaves linear or lance-linear; marsh plants with soft and flaccid Jeaves and stems.....-..--..---.--------------- 6. A. paludicola. Leaves subulate or filiform, rather rigid. Sepals obtuse...... 22.22.22. 2202 2 eee ee eee 11. A. sajanensis. Sepals acute or cuspidate. Plants densely matted or tufted, alpine; cymes few-flowered. Herbage glandular; sepals not strongly nerved. 10. A. nuttallii. Herbage not glandular; sepalsstrongly nerved . 9. A. verna. Plants loosely or not at all matted; cymes dichoto- mously branched, several to many-flowered; low- land plant ........2.2.-2-2-222-2-2-.-------- 7. A. tenella. Type Locauity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Whidby Island, Gardner 369; Seattle, Piper 551; Tacoma, Flett 2022; Clarke County, Suksdorf 1868, 101. 2. Arenaria capillaris Poir. Encycl. 6: 380. 1804. Type Locauity: ‘‘Dans la Sibérie.” Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp River, Whited 211; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1283; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 681; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 486; without locality, Brandegee 674; Mount Carlton, Kreager 238; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1187. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2a. Arenaria capillaris nardifolia (Ledeb.) Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 35: 253. 1830. Arenaria nardifolia Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. 1: 4. pl. 6. 1829. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Hab. in rupibus alpium Altaicarum.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. Siberia. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, lett 806; Mount Rainier, Piper 620, 2121; Allen 238; Mount Stuart, Klmer 1115; Klickitat River, Mlett 1059. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Arenaria congesta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 178. 1838. Type Locauity: ‘‘Shady hills in the Rocky Mountain range, about Bear River of the Lake of Timpanagos.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chelan, Whited 1377; Conconully, Whited 1320; White Bluff, Lake & Hull 485; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 482; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Spaulding; Suksdorf 252; Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Piper, July, 1896; Clarks Springs, Avreager 100. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Arenaria glabrescens (S. Wats.) Arenaria fendleri glabrescens 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 40. 1871. Arenaria fendleri subcongesta S, Wats. loc. cit. Arenaria burkei Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 85. 1897. Type Locatity: Toyabe Mountains, Nevada. Rance: Washington to Alberta, Arizona, and California. 262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Wenas River, Henderson 2566; Clemax Mountain, Henderson in 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 666 ; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 294; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Arenaria franklinii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 101. 1880. Tyre Locauiry: ‘‘Abundant on barren sandy plains and undulating grounds of the Columbia, from the ‘Great’ to the ‘Kettle’ falls.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2970; Hindshaw 6; Klickitat County, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 254; Bick- leton, Suksdorf 253; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wilson Creek Sandberg & Leiberg 296; Wallula, Cotton 1026, 1044. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. — 6. Arenaria paludicola Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 298. 1894. Arenaria palustris 8. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 70. 1876, not Gay. 1845. Alsine palustris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 3: 61. 1863. Type LocaLity: San Francisco, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Fleii, September, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 7. Arenaria tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 179. 1838. Arenaria stricta ( Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 99. 1830. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Rocky places, plains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whidby Island, Gardner 46; Tacoma, Flett 880, 180; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1886; Henderson, May, 1892; Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892; Steilacoom, Suckley; Piper; Columbia River, Nuttall; Roy, Allen, May 23, 1889; Yelm, Piper in 1888; Stuart Island, Lawrence 42. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 8. Arenaria pusilla S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 367. 1882. Type LocaLity: Yreka, California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdof 249; Waitsburg, Horner 128; Pull- man, Piper 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9. Arenaria verna rubella ( Wahl.) 5. Wats. Bibl. Index 99. 1878. Alsine rubella Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 1: 28. pl. 6. 1812. Arenaria hirta glabrata Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 56. 1826. Type Locatity: ‘‘Hab. in summitate alpis Lyngensis Nordlandiae septentrionalis circiter 3,000 pedes paris. supra mare elevata.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2115; Smith 777; Flett 228; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2748. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Hooker@ reports A. verna from the Columbia, collected by Menzies and by Douglas. Hooker’s plant can scarcely be the rare Alpine plant here considered. Flett’s 228 was referred by Wiegand © to the scarcely distinct A. propinqua Richards. afl. Bor. Am. 1: 99, 1830. o Bull.’ Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 263 10. Arenaria nuttallii Pax; Engler’s, Bot Jahrb. 18: 30. 1893. Arenaria pungens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr, Fl. 1: 179. 1838, not Clem. 1816. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Summit of hills in the Rocky Mountain range (lat. 41°).” Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 676; Elmer 1118; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 48; Howell & Henderson, August, 1882; Henderson, August 10, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 11. Arenaria sajanensis Willd. Schlecht. Berl. Gesell. Nat. Fr. Mag. 7: 200. 1813. Tyee Loca.ity: “Auf der éstlichen Héhen des altaischen Gebirges,” Siberia. Range: Alaska to Greenland, south in the mountains to Arizona. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 805; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; near Mount Baker, Flett 860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 672; Elmer 1119; Mount Adams, Flett 1353; Suksdorf 175; Loomis, Elmer 623. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species appears in Suksdorf’s list as ‘A. biflora Wats. var.” SPERGULA. 1. Spergula arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 440. 1753. SPURREY Type Locatity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895. TISSA. Maritime plants; leaves very fleshy. Perennial, large-rooted; flowers large ........------------- 1. T. macrotheca. Annual, fibrous-rooted; flowers smaller .....-.------------ 2. T. marina. Not maritime; leaves not fleshy. Stipules elongate, silvery .-....------------------------- 3. T rubra. Stipules short, deltoid. ..........-.-------------------+-- 4. T. diandra_ bracteata. 1. Tissa macrotheca (Hornem.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 129. 1889. Arenaria macrotheca Hornem.; Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 53. 1826. Lepigonum macrothecum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 14. 1835. nom. nud. Type LocaLity: ‘‘In sabulosis Californiae.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Stuart Island, Lawrence 138. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Tissa marina (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club, 16: 126. 1889. Arenaria rubra marina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423, 1753. Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech, 95. 1819. Type Loca.ity: Europe. ‘ Rance: Atlantic and Pacific coasts and alkaline places in the interior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2746; Whidby Island, Gardner 363; Seattle, Piper, September 4, 1880; Howell 372; Port Angeles, Piper 2302 in part; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 954; 1874, 1872. , ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Tissa rubra (L.) Britt. Bull. Torr. Club 16: 127. 1889. Arenaria rubra L. Sp. Pl. 1: 423. 1758. Spergularia rubra J. & C. Presl, Fl. Cech. 94. 1819. Type LocaLiry: Europe. Rance: British Columbia to California. Atlantic States. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2745; Tacoma, Flett 179; Oakesdale, Piper, July 19, 1894; Union Flat, Lake & Hull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 112; Newport, Kreager 452. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3a. Tissa rubra perennans (Kindb.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 229. 1892. Lepigonum rubrum perennans Kindb. Monogr. 41. 1863. Spergularia rubra perennans Robinson in Gray, Syn. F]. 1: 250. 1897. _TyYPE Locairy: Sweden. RanGE: Washington and Idaho to California. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Satsop, Heller 4026; Kalama, Piper, October, 1901; Lake Park, Piper 2126; Klickitat County, Brandegee 678; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2081; Stuart Island, Lawrence 196. 4. Tissa diandra bracteata (Robinson). Spergularia salsuginea bracteata Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 251. 1897. TYPE Locauity: Texas. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2082, 176; Egbert Springs Sandberg & Leiberg 346. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. PENTACAENA. 1. Pentacaena ramosissima (Weinm.) Hook. & Arn.; Hook. Bot. Mise. 3: 338. 1833. Loeflingia ramosissima Weinm. Bot. Zeit. 3: 608. 1820. Paronychia? ramosissima DC. Prod. 3: 372. 1828. Type Locaity: “In apricis siccis Chili.” Rance: Washington to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Heller 3939; Oyhut, Lamb 1262; Iwaco, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. NYMPHAEACEAE. Wareruity Famiry. Leaves peltate; carpels several, 1-seeded........... 22202. .0 222-2 BRASENIA. Leaves cordate; carpel 1, many-seeded....................-....... 2. NYMPHAEA. BRASENIA. 1. Brasenia schreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. 1: 853. 1796. WATERSHIELD. Hydropeltis purpurea Michx. F]. 1: 324. 1803. Brasenia peltata Pursh, Fl. 2: 389. 1814. Brasenia purpurea Casp. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3?: 6. 1888. Type LocaLity: None given. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Texas, and Florida. Asia. Australia. Africa. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, July, 1895; Silver Lake, Henderson, October, 1892; Davis Lake, Kreager 443. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. NYMPHAEA. ° 1. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 15: 84. 1888. Wokas. Nuphar polysepalum Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 282. 1865. Type vocatity: “In small lakes, in the higher Rocky Mountains, from the sources of the Platte, near Long’s Peak, lat. 40°, to those of the Columbia River, lat. 44°.” Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1260; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 421; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager 426. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. The common form of this species has floating leaves, but in some lakes a form occurs in which the leaf blade is held above the water. Forms with the outer sepals red-tinged PIPER —FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 2695 (Nuphar polysepalum pictum Engelm.) are of frequent occurrence. Nymphaea advena has several times been reported from Washington, but it is improbable that that species occurs so far west, the above being mistaken for it. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. CERATOPHYLLUM. 1. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753. Hornworr. TyPE LocaLity: Europe. Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Piper, July 12, 1895. This plant is common in lakes, but is rarely collected. Fruiting specimens are very rare. Good material is a desideratum, as there is some probability that more than one species occurs in Washington. RANUNCULACEAE. Burrercur Famitry. Carpels with solitary ovules; fruit an akene. Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves opposite ............-- CLEMATIS (p. 266). Sepals imbricated in the bud; leaves not opposite. Cauline leaves three in a whorl. Styles short, glabrous or pubescent ...... 2... --- ANEMONE (p. 267). Styles long, plumose -.........-.------------- PULSATILLA (p. 268). Cauline leaves alternate or leaves all basal. Petals none; flowers small, numerous in corymbs or panicles. Leaves ternately decompound. .. .. - THALICTRUM (p. 263). Leaves simple, palmate. .....22.22.2.-2-.- TRAUTVETTERIA (p. 269). Petals present. Akenes numerous on an elongate receptacle ; flowers solitary on scapes; leaves entire... Myosurus (p. 269). Akenes in a globose or oblong cluster. Flowers white; akenes transversely wrin- kled 222.22 ..22-.-2--------------- Barracuium (p. 270). Flowers yellow; akenes not transversely wrinkled. ..-...-.-.--------------- RANUNCULUS (p. 270). Carpels with several ovules, in fruit follicles or berries. Flowers regular. Leaves simple, palmate. Petals none; leaves cordate-orbicular.......... - CALTHA (p. 277). Petals linear-spatulate; leaves palmately parted. . TRouuius (p. 277). Leaves compound. Sepals spurred .......---------------------- AQUILEGIA (p. 278). Sepals not spurred. Petals large ; sepals persistent ; flowers solitary. Pazon1a (p. 278). Petals small; sepals deciduous. Carpels becoming berries; flowers in Racemes.........-------------+-+-- Acraka (p. 278). Carpels becoming follicles. . Follicles stipitate; flowers solitary or umbellate ; leaves coriaceous, ever- green ........-.-.--.--.------- CoptTis (p. 278). Follicles sessile; flowers racemose; leaves membranous, deciduous... CimiciFuGA (p. 278). Flowers irregular. Upper sepal spurred; petals 4 .. 2.2.2 .222-2---.--- DELPHINIUM (p. 279), Upper sepal hood-like; petals 2...........2-....-.- ACONITUM (p. 282). 266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. CLEMATIS. Erect herbs; leaves compound with narrow segments ........-- 1. C. hirsutissima. Hali-woody climbers. Flowers large, blue, solitary. Leaves ternate, the leaflets mostly entire... 2.2.22... 2. C. columbiana. Leaves biternate or nearly so. .......2222.2.-2...--- 3. C. alpina occidentalis. Flowers small, white, panicled. Akenes pubescent with straight hairs... 2.22.22... 2... 4. C. ligusticifolia. Akenes pubescent with crinkly hairs -.........22..... 5. C. suksdorfit. 1. Clematis hirsutissima Pursh, Fl. 2: 385. 1814. SUGAR BOWLS. Clematis douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 1, 1829. Type Locauity: ‘On the plains of the Columbia River.” Collected by Lewis. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana, Oregon, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waterville, Whited 1211; Spokane County, Suksdorf 229; Hang- man Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 14; Pullman, Piper 1450. ° ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The leaves of this plant taste like strychnine, and Geyer gives an account of the way the Nez Perce Indians used it to stimulate fagged horses by rubbing it in their nostrils. 2. Clematis columbiana (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 11. 1838, Atragene columbiana Nutt. Journ. Acad, Phila. 7:7. 1834. Clematis verticillaris columbiana Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 8. 1895.. ? Atragene grosseserrata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 156. 1902. Type Locatity: “Flathead River.’”’ Collected by Wyeth. RanGE: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 287, 291; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 3. Clematis alpina occidentalis (Hornem.) Gray in Powell, Geol. Surv. Dakota 531. 1880. Atragene occidentalis Hornem. Hort. Havn. 520. 1813. Clematis pseudoatragene pseudoalpina Kuntze, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 26: 160. 1884. Type Locauity: Unknown. Rance: Washington to Dakota and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1095; Swauk Creek Moun- tains, Brandegee 600; Cowlitz Pass, Tweedy in 1882. Doctor Rydberg @ maintains that Hornemann’s name belongs to the plant usually called Clematis verticllaris columbiana, and therefore takes up Kuntze’s name in the combination Atragene pseudoalpina for the above species. 4. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 9. 1838, Clematis ligustifolia brevifolia Nutt. loc. cit. Clematis brevifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 8. 1897. Type Locauity: ‘Plains of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1954; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 386; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October, 1892; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Wenache, Whited 175, 1333; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1455; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 408; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2338; Pullman, Elmer 291; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 122; Prosser, Cotton 623. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, occasionally Arid Transition. a Bull. Torr. Club 29: 155. 1902. . PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 267 5. Clematis suksdorfii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. I: 4. 1895. Type Locauity: Klickitat River, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf in 1881. CLEMATIS GRAVEOLENS Lindl., an Asiatic species, has been collected by Leckenby near Zillah as a garden escape. ANEMONE. Akenes densely woolly. Leaves hairy, the lobes linear... -.-. -- Lee ee eee ee eee ee eee 1. A. hudsoniana. Leaves glabrate, the lobes usually cuneate .........------------ 2. A. drummondii. Akenes not woolly. Involucral leaves simple ..........----------------------++--- 3. A. deltoidea. Involucral leaves 3 to 5-foliolate. Flowers 8 to 12 mm. in diameter, white. ..........--------- 4. A. lyallir. Flowers 20 to 35 min. in diameter. Sepals blue..........-.-------------------- +--+ --- 5, A. oregana. Sepals white ..........----------------------------- 6. A. guinquefolia. 1. Anemone hudsoniana (DC.) Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1823. Anemone multifida hudsoniana DC. Syst. 1: 209. 1818. Type Ltocauiry: ‘Ad sinum Hudsonianum.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Arizona, Nebraska, and Maine. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Elmer 2678; Flett 121; Goat Mountain, Allen 250; Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; Loomis, Elmer 566. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Anemone drummondii 8S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 424. 1880. Anemone baldensis L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5, 1829. Type Locauity: Sierra County, California. Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2007; Flett 131; Mount Adams, Suks- dorf, July 11, 1886; Flett 1268; Mount Rainier, Flett 2171. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Anemone deltoidea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 6. 1829. Type cocatiry: “In thick shady woods of the Columbia, near its confluence with the sea.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: In the coast region, Washington to north California. SPECIMENS EXMAINED: Roy, Allen 81; upper Nisqually Valley, Ad/en 18; Olympia, Hen- derson, May, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2341; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 29, 1886; Vancouver, Piper 4947; Cape Horn, Piper 5005; Eatonville, lett 2214. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 4. Anemone lyallii Britton, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 6: 227. 1891. Anemone quinquefolia lyallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 18. 1895. Typr LOCALITY: Sumas woods, Lower Fraser River, British Columbia. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2675; Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2046; Silverton, Bouck lla; Klickitat River, Flett 1273; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 301; MeNeils Island, Flett 54; Roslyn, Whited 299; Spokane County, Suksdorf’ 1958. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition. 5. Anemone oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887. Anemone quinquefolia oregana Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 18. 1895. Type LocaLity: Hood River, Oregon. Collected by Mrs. Barratt. 268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Skamania County, Suksdrof’ 2; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, May 9, 1886; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Roslyn, Whited 298; Blue Mountains, Horner 50; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 6. Anemone quinquefolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 541. 1753. Anemone piper Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 153. 1902. Type Locauitry: Virginia. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish Valley, Aincaid, May, 1892; Mount Adams, Hender- son 4; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; foothills of Blue Mountains, Horner 51; Mount Carlton, Kreager 228, 253; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 393; Granville, Conard 361; Mount Baldy, Conard 263. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. The western form of A. quinguefolia Li. is considered by Doctor Britton a distinct species, but the apparent differences are very slight. Our plant has been referred to as A. trifolia L., and it is the basis of the “A. tetonensis Porter?”” in Suksdorf’s list. Horner’s 51 has dark purple flowers and may be distinct. ANEMONE NARCISSIFLORA L. is accredited to Washington by Torrey upon specimens col- lected at Port Discovery by the Wilkes expedition. The specimen in the National Herbarium is very young but it isnot an Anemone. Apparently it isa Ranunculus, possibly an unusual form of PR. occidentalis Nutt. PULSATILLA. 1. Pulsatilla occidentalis (S. Wats.) Freyn, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 8: 78. 1890. Anemone occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 121. 1876. Anemone alpina L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 5. 1829. Tyee Locauity: “In the mountains from British Columbia southward to Mount Shasta and Lassen’s Peak.” Ranae: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2626; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2006; Allen 98; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 654; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 407; Bridge Creek, Elmer 694; above Lake Chelan, 7. FE. Wilcox in 1883. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. THALICTRUM. Meapow rue. Akenes compressed, 2-edged. Leaflets thin; inflorescence loose..........2..2..2.....-------- 1. T. occidentale. Leaflets rather thick, veiny; inflorescence narrow, close... .... - 2. T. venulosum. Akenes terete; leaves usually glandular ........-.......-.-.-...... 3. T. purpurascens. 1. Thalictrum occidentale A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 372. 1872. Thalictrum dioicum orycarpum Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 212. 1874. Type Locauiry: Vancouver Island. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick and Maine, south to Californiaand Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2668; Goat Mountain, Allen 247; Silver- ton, Bouck 1; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2339; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 307; Wenache, Whited 8; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 788; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 405; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Piper 2022; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1893; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Palouse City, Henderson, July 1892; Blue Mountains, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 269 Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1467, June, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 601; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. In Hooker’s Flora our species was referred to T. dioicum L. 2. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 23: 302. 1886. Tyre Locauiry: “British America, Washington Territory, Wyoming, and Colorado.” Rance: British Columbia to south Dakota, Colorado, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Rock Lake, Sand- berg & Leiberg 113; Loomis, Elmer 599; Pullman, Lake & Hull 404; Proper 1467. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Thalictrum purpurascens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 546. 1753. Tyrer Ltocauiry: “Habitat in Canada.” -RanGE: Saskatchewan to Canada, Florida, Arizona, and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Kreager 377. THALICTRUM POLYCARPUM Wats. ‘This species appears in Suksdorf’s list, but no good evidence exists of its occurrence in Washington. TRAUTVETTERIA. 1. Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 37. 1888. Type Loca.ity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California. S>ECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2676; ChehalisCounty, Lamb 1198; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 295; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 17; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 494; Cascade Mountains near Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens Pass, Whited 1467; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 692; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Areager 257, 197. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. MYOSURUS. Mouse Tal. Carpels prominently beaked; spikes 2 to 6 cm, long....------- 1. M. apetalus. Carpels obscurely beaked; spikes elongate. Spikes very slender, 10 to 50cm. long; seeds oblong...--. - la. M. apetalus lepturus. Spikes stouter and shorter; seeds oval. ‘ Salt-marsh plant, mainly maritime .....-.-.--------- 3. M. major. Not of salt marshes ..-..--.-.-.-----------------++ 2. M. minimus. 1. Myosurus apetalus Gay, Fl. Chil. 1: 31. pl. 7. 1845. M yosurus aristatus Benth; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 458 bis. 1847. Tyre Locauity: “Provincia de Coquimbo.” Chile. Rance: British Columbia to Arizona and California. Chile. New Zealand. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 492; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Pasco, Hindshaw 32; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 136; Rockland, Suksdorf 834; St. Johns, Piper 2796; Almota, Piper 2789; Pullman, Piper 1355; Waitsburg, Horner 182. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. la. Myosurus apetalus lepturus A. Gray, Bull. Torr. Club 138; 2. 1886. Myosurus tenellus Greene, Pittonia 3: 258. 1898. Myosurus tenellus amphiorys Greene, loc. cit. Type Locaciry; California. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2343; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2346, 493; Mabton, Cotton 321; Rockland, Suksdorf 1959; Rock Creek, Piper 2790; Coulee Nity, Piper 3875; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 112; Spokane, Piper 2283; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 3; Waverly, Suksdorf, 2342; Pullman, Elmer 184; Piper 1459. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Myosurus minimus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753. TyPE Locauity: European. Rance: Washington and California to Illinois and Florida. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2344. 3. Myosurus major Greene, Pittonia, 3: 257. 1898. Type Loca.ity: Siskyou County, California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 11; Clallam County, Elmer 2674; Stuart Island, Lawrence 77. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. BATRACHIUM. 1. Batrachium aquatile (L.) Wimm. FI. Schles, 8. 1841. WATER CROWFOOT. Ranunculus aquatilis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 556. 1753. Type LocaLitry: Europe. Rance: Alaska to California. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1261; Tacoma, Lockenby, May, 1898; Flett, May 9, 1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 90; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 606; Pullman, Elmer 841; Hull 409; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1960. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Canadian. la. Batrachium aquatile pantothrix (Brot.). . Ranunculus pantothrix Brot. Fl. Lusit. 2: 375. 1804. Ranunculus aquatilis trichophyllus A. Gray, Man ed. 5, 40. 1867. Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix.; Vill. Fl. Dauph. 1: 335. 1786, nom. nud. Type Locauity: “Circa Conimbricam” in Lusitania. RanGE: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to California and Tennessee. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade, Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 265; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 220; Marshall Junction, Piper; Box Canyon, Kreager 395; Chewelah, Kreager 528; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Hull 410. The form in flowing streams usually has longer and more flaccid leaf-segments. It is Ranunculus flaccidus Pers. or Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. and is probably worthy of recognition as a subspecies. 1b. Batrachium aquatile caespitosum (DC.) Ranunculus aquatilis caespitosus DC. Prod. 1: 26. 1824. Type LocaLiry: None given. RanGE: Same as of B. aquatile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2633, 2943; Waitsburg, Horner 41. RANUNCULUS. Burrercup. Plants aquatic or subaquatic; leaves finely dissected when submersed, less so when aerial. Akenes corky margined; flowers 15 to 25 mm. broad. 1. R. delphinifolius. Akenes marginless; flowers 7 to 15 mm. broad....... 2. R. purshir. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 271 Plants terrestial but often growing in very wet places; leaves never finely dissected. Akenes thin-walled, the faces nerved; leaves crenate; plant spreading by runners...............-.-.-.-.-------- 22. R. cymbalaria. Akenes not thin-walled nor nerved. Leaves entire or nearly so. Stems creeping, rooting from the nodes. Leaves lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long... .....-- 3. R. flammula unalasch- ensis. Leaves linear-spatulate, to 2 cm. long... . - 3a. R. flammula reptans. Stems erect, not rooting from the nodes. Plants 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves lanceolate or oblong ......-...-----.-20------------ 4. R. alismaefolius. Plants 10 to 25 em. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. ........-.-.- 4a. R. alismaefolius alis- mellus. Leaves cordate or subcordate.......-.- 6. R. populago. Leaves or some of them lobed or divided. Facesof the akenes scabrous ormuriculate ; annuals. Pubescent; akenes hispid with hooked hairs. . 20. R. hebecarpus. Nearly glabrous; akenes minutely spiny... -. - 21. R. muricatus. Faces of the akenes smooth or merely pilose; mostly perennials. Herbage glabrous or nearly so; low species. Basal leaves 2 to 4 toothed or lobed, rarely entire; cauline 3-cleft or 3-parted..... -. 7. BR. glaberrimus. Basal and cauline leaves all divided. Annual; leaves 3 to 5-lobed or parted, the lobes crenately incised or cleft; akenes apiculate .........-.2---2-2---.---- 9. R. sceleratus. Perennials. Leaves triternately divided, the seg- ments linear or linear-spatulate.... 8. R. triternatus. Leaves roundish in outline 3 to 5-cleft into cuneate divisions; alpine plants. Head of akenes globose; petals large, showy.....-.----------------- 10. R. suksdorfir. Head of akenes oblong. Leaves pubescent; mostly crenate or lobed ........--- Lee eeeeee 5. R. cardiophyllus. Leaves glabrous or nearly so; deep- ly cleft. Style straight; leaves ciliate, not cordate....-.......-.----- 11. R. eschscholtzii. Style recurved; leaves cordate, not ciliate.......22..2....- 12. R. verecundus. Herbage pubescent or hirsute; mostly tall and coarse species. Beaks of the akenes hooked at tip. Petals showy; pubescence villous... ... 14. R. occidentalis. Petals very small, pale; pubescence , hirsute. Akenes smooth .......-..---.-.---- 13. R. bongardii. Akenes hispid on the faces.......... 13a. R. bongardvi greene. 272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Beaks of the akenes not hooked at tip. Akenes with a short beak. Plants decumbent, creeping by stolons; petals showy .-..... 17. R. repens. Plants erect or ascending, not stoloniferous. Head of akenes oblong; petals not longer than the sepals... 15. R. pennsylvanicus. Head of akenes globose; petals longer than the sepals. Herbage smooth or but lit- tle hirsute... ...-...--- 16. R.oreganus. Herbage very hirsute... -. l6a. R.oreganus macounts Akenes with a long beak. Leaf segmentsrathersmall, linear to cuneate-obovate, and 2 or 3-lobed or toothed. .....--- 18. R. orthorhynchus. Leaf segments large, 2 to 6 cm. long, oblong to ovate, cleft and incise......-.------------- 19. R. platyphyllus. 1. Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. in Eaton, Man. ed. 2. 395. 1818. Ranunculus multifidus Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814, not Forst. 1775. Type Locauity: None given. Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 82; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2348; Cheney, Mrs. Tucker 83. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 1a. Ranunculus delphinifolius terrestris (A. Gray). Ranunculus multifidus terrestris A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 41. 1872. Tyee Locauity: Ann Arbor, Michigan. RanGE: Same as of the species. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf. 2. Ranunculus purshii Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 741. 1828. Ranunculus limosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 20. 1888. Tyre Locauity: ‘Wooded country from latitude 54° to 64° north.” Rance: Alaska to Nova Scotia, south to Washington, New Mexico, and Michigan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom County, Gardner 401; Ellensburg, Whited 645; Lincoln County, Henderson 2369; near Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 209; Box Canyon, Kreager 394; Mission, Kreager 494; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2161. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Ranunculus flammula unalaschensis (Bess.) Ledeb. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 34°: 41. 1861. Ranunculus unalaschensis Bess. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 1: 32. 1841, as synonym. Ranunculus flammula intermedius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 11. 1829. Ranunculus intermedius Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 580. 1898, not Poir. 1804. Type LocaLiry: Unalaska. Ranae: California to Newfoundland and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2620; Montesano, Heller 3927; Seattle, Piper, July 2, 1896; Coupeville, Gardner 5; Silverton, Bouck 4; Tacoma, Flett 883, 34; Manor, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 471; east base Mount Adams, Cooper; Toppenish, Hen- , derson; Pend Oreille River, Lyall; Spokane, Piper 2635; Pullman, Hull 415; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 364. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 273 3a. Ranunculus flammula reptans (L.) Schlecht.; E. Meyer, Pl. Labr. 96. 1830. Ranunculus reptans L. Sp. Pl. 1: 549. 1753. Type Locatity: “Habitat in Suecia, Russia, ad ripas lacuum.” Rance: Alaska to Hudson Bay and south to California, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1252; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2114; Chelan, Elmer 490; Lake Chelan, Lake, August 13, 1892; Lake Kalispel, Areager 319. 4. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 295. 1848. Tyre Locatity: “In uliginosis (Bear Valley) montium Sacramenti.” Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Pullman, Elmer 817; Piper 1461; Hull 776. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Geyer’s original specimens were from the “plains of Coeur d’Aleine,” Idaho, but the species was first described as above. Dr. E. L. Greene (Erythea 3: 45. 1895) considers the Rocky Mountain plant distinct from the Californian and names it R. calthae florus. 4a. Ranunculus alismaefolius alismellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 327. 1868. Ranunculus alismellus Greene, Fl. Fran. 297. 1892. Type Locauity: ‘Lake Tenaya and on Mt. Dana,” California. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suksdorf 495; Howell; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 6, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1271; Upper Yakima, Brandegee; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1183. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 5. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 1:14. pl. 5. 1829. Ranunculus affinis lasiococcus Torr, Bot. Wilkes Exped. 213. 1874. Type Locauity: “‘ From Canada to lat. 55°.’ Collected by Richardson. Rance: British Columbia to Assiniboia and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane to Fort Colville, Wilkes Expedition. 6. Ranunculus populago Greene, Erythea 3: 19. 1895 (February). Ranunculus cusickii Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. I. 5: 615. 1895.” Type Locauity: Eagle Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 269. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 12. 1829. Type LocaLity: ‘‘Common on the mountains around the Kettle Falls, and on the Rocky Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow.”’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Dakota, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Flett 1266; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 307; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 232; Ellensburg, Whited, March 28, 1897; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 8; without locality, Brandegee 611; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in 1884; Colville, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 85; Piper 1462; Cheney, Tucker. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 370. 1886. Type Locauity: “On high hills near Goldendale,’’ Klickitat County, Washington. Col- lected by Howell. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington. 29418—O06 M 18 274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Goldendale, Howell, April 20, 1882; Klickitat Hills, Gor- man, April, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 551. 1753. Ranunculus eremogenes Greene, Erythea 4: 121. 1896. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, Arizona, Kansas, and Florida. Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Piper; Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Rock Creek, Piper 2793; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 285; Whidby Island, Gardner 4; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Alma, Elmer 547; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 413; Meyers Falls, Kreager; Stuart Island, Lawrence 152. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 10. Ranunculus suksdorfii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 371. 1886. Tyre Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington, in damp ground at 6,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 1846; Mount Rainier, Allen 97; Piper 2005; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 234, 628; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 766. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 11. Ranunculus eschsholtzii Schlect. Ranune. 2: 16. 1820. Tyre Locauity: “Hab. in insulis Unalaschka et St. Georgii.’ Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2004; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1361; Cas- cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 609; Elmer 1215; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 92; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 775; Stevens Tass, Sandberg c& Leiberg 769. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ? Collected by Chamisso. 12. Ranunculus verecundus Robinson, sp. nov. Herba parva perennis 4 dm. alta; radice e fibris numerosis fuscis longis haud incrassatis composita; caudice erecto a basibus petiolorum latiusculis pallidis submembranaceis deinde in fibris dissolutis amplecto; caulibus 4 suberectis vel valde nutantibus vel etiam procum- bentibus saepius semel ramosis; foliis radicalibus paucis vel saepius sate numerosis, limbo reniformi vel suborbiculari conspicue cordato tripartito 2-2.5 em. lato utrinque glabro, segmentis 3-5-lobatis vel profunde crenatis, lobis oblongis obtusis vel rotundatis, petiolo 2-4 cm. longo glabro vel sparse villosulo basi membranaceo-expanso; foliis caulinis 1-3 distantibus breviter petiolatis fere ad basin 3-5-partitis, segmentis lineari-oblongis vel angustissime ellipticis; pedunculis teretibus glabris 3-7 cm. longis; sepalis 5 concavis suborbicularibus purpurascentibus dorso pubescentibus apice rotundatis margine palles- centibus 2-4 mm. longis; petalis obovatis sepala aequantibus vel vix superantibus flavis sed in specimine exsiccato albescentibus venosis persistentibus; staminibus numerosis, antheris flavibus quam filamenta filiformia brevioribus; achaeniis numerosis in capitulo ovoideo vel breviter cylindrico congestis glabris a latere compressis 1.8 mm. longis obo- voideis apice stylo brevi recurvato coronatis; receptaculo ellipsoideo vel subeylindrico foveolato albescenti praeter apicem villosulum glaberrimo. Wasuincton: Wet gravelly places, Mount Paddo (Adams), altitude 1,850-2,150 meters, July 31, 1883, W. NV. Suksdorf 93 (type, in Hb. Gray); same locality and collector, August 30, 1904; rocky ridges and ledges, Mount Rainier, altitude 2,300 meters, J. B. Flett 2177. Monrana: Little Belt Mountains, altitude 2,600 meters, F. L. Scribner, August 12, 1883, 4 (Hb. Gray). From its nearest allies, this species may be distinguished as follows: From R. esch- scholtzii Schlecht. it differs in its decidedly cordate searcely or not at all ciliate leaves, and PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 975 larger achenes with relatively shorter strongly recurved style. From R. pedatifidus J. FE. Sm. (A. affinis R. Br.) it differs in its glabrous achenes and less deeply and narrowly cleft. foliage. From R. alpeophilus A. Nelson it may be distinguished by its cordate leaves and by the fact that the receptacle is villous only at the tip. Finally from R. allenii Robinson, a plant of Labrador which in many ways it rather closely simulates, it differs in its cordate leaves and somewhat larger achenes. 13. Ranunculus bongardi Greene, Erythea 3: 54. 1895. Ranunculus tenellus Nutt.; Torr & Gr. Fl. 1: 23. 1888, not Viviani 1831. Ranunculus nelsonii tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 374. 1872. Ranunculus occidentalis tenellus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 373. 1886 Ranunculus bongardi tenellus Greene, Erythea 3: 54. 1895. Ranunculus douglasii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 18. 1897. Ranunculus arcuatus Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 310. 1897. Ranunculus bongardvi douglasit Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 479. 1900. Type Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon and Wahlamet Rivers.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Alaska to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2672, 2679; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, lett 38; Silverton, Bouck 52a; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 20, 1886; Klickitat River, //ett 1272; Roslyn, Whited 409; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 95; Spokane, Dewart, May 3, 1901; Pullman, Elmer 847; Hull 411; Piper, May 31, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 43. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. This and the following were erroneously referred in older works to R. recurvatus Poir. 13a. Ranunculus bongardi greenei (Howell). Ranunculus greenet Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 18. 1897. Ranunculus occidentalis lyalli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 373. 1886, not R. lyalli Hook. f. 1864. Ranunculus tenellus lyalli Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1!: 33. 1895. ‘Ranunculus occidentalis parviflorus Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 214. 1874. Type Loca.iry: Pend Oreille River, Idaho or Washington, near latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall. Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Suksdorf 951; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Port Ludlow, Binns; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 52; Hoquiam, Lamb 1029, 1071; Seattle, Piper 223; Nisqually Valley, Allen 62, Piper, July 30, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 39; Rov, Brodie, June, 1901; Olympia, Henderson 2372; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf; Pend Oreille River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1861; Clarks Springs, Kreager 58; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Horner 45. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 14. Ranunculus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 22. 1838. Ranunculus tenuipes Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1904. Type Locairy: “Plains of the Oregon River, near woods.’ Collected by Nuttall. RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, //eller 3935; Humptulips, Lamb 1186; Whidby Island, Gardner 3; Tacoma, Flett 20; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Vancouver, Piper 4947. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 15. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus I.. f. Suppl. 272. 1781. Tyree Locarity: “Habitat in Pennsylvania.” RanGeE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Georgia. 276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner; Puyallup, Piper, August 26, 1897; Alma, Elmer 542; Fort Colville, Geyer 580; McCloud Lake, Suksdorf’ 2213. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 16. Ranunculus oreganus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 19. 1897. Ranunculus hispidus oregana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 376. 1886. Ranunculus macounii oreganus Davis, Minn. Bot. Stud. 2: 469. 1900. Ranunculus nitidus Ell. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 20. 1829. Type Locauity: “Shady and wet grounds, Oregon, on the Columbia.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3850; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 233, May 20, 1886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16a. Ranunculus oreganus macounii (Britton). Ranunculus macouni Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sei. 12: 3. 1892. Ranunculus hispidus Michx. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 19. 1830. Tyree Locatity: “Banks of rivers from Canada to near the mouth of the Mackenzie River, lat. 67°; and from the shores of Hudson’s Bay to the Pacific.” Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward in the mountains to New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Cheney, Tucker 43; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 152; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Ellensburg, W hited 475; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper 2261; Pullman, Piper 3526; Waitsburg, Horner 42; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2066. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 17. Ranunculus repens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 554. 17538. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Black River Junction, Piper. 18. Ranunculus orthorhynchus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 21. 1829. Tyee Locatity: “Not unfrequent on the low points of land near rivers, in North-West America.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1202; Whidby Island, Gardner 1, 8; Seattle, Piper 1126; Tacoma, Flett, May 5, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 19. Ranunculus platyphyllus (A. Gray). Ranunculus orthorhynchus platyphyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 377. 1886. Ranunculus maximus Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 14: 118, 1887. Type Locaity: “In wet places, Wasatch Mountains and Idaho to E. Oregon and Cali- fornia south to Marin County.” Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1270; Pull- man, Piper 1463; Elmer 8388; Hull 414. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. All Washington references to Ranunculus septentrionalis Poir. really refer to R. platy- phyllus. 20. Ranunculus hebecarpus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 316. 1840. Ranunculus hebecarpus pusillus Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 9. 1876. Tyre Locauity: California. RanGe: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 228; Wawawai, Elmer 75; Piper 3821. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ~ ¢ PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 277 21. Ranunculus muricatus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 555. 1753. Type Locauiry: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885, 22. Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh, Fl. 2: 392. 1814. Type Locauity: ‘In saline marshes near the salt works of Onondaga, New York.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and New Jersey. Central and South America. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; Yakima, Leckenby, May 9, 1898; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 414; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 135; Prosser, Cotton 653. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. CALTHA. Flowers yellow; stems decumbent. ..............----------------- 1. C. asarifolia. Flowers white; stems erect. Leaves reniform-orbicular, crenate..........-.--------------- 2. C. biflora, Leaves cordate, longer than broad... ......-...--------------- 3. C. leptosepala. 1. Caltha asarifolia DC. Syst. 1: 309. 1823. MARSH MARIGOLD. Typr Locauiry: “Hab. in insula Ounalaschka una ex ins. Aleuterianis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Oregon along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Granville, Conard 367. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ¢ This seems fairly distinct from the eastern C. palustris L. 2. Caltha biflora DC. Syst. 1: 310. 1818. Caltha malvacea Greene, Pittonia 4: 75. 1899. Tyre Locauity: “In ora occidentali Ameticac borealis in continente prope insulam Banksii.”’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2780; Meunt Adams, Suksdorf 496; Yakima Pass, Watson 16; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Caltha leptosepala DC. Syst. 1: 3510. 1818. Caltha macounri, Greene, Pittonia 4: 77. 1899. Caltha howellii Greene, op. cit. 79. Tyre Locauiry: Prince Williams Sound, Alaska. Collected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2001, ‘lett 251; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 74; Cascade.Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Goat Mountain, Allen 147; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 406; Elmer 731. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. TROLLIUS. 1. Trollius laxus Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. 8: 303. 1807. GLOBE FLOWER. Trollius larus albiflorus A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II. 88: 241. 1862. Type Locatity: ‘‘ Prope Lancaster in Pennsylvania.”’ . Rance: British Columbia to New Hampshire, south to Washington, Utah, and Delaware. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 96; Elmer 2668. Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49,° Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Elmer 439; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1241. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. x CO CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ACTAEA. 1. Actaea spicata arguta (Nutt.) Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4:63. 1856. BANEBERRY. Actaea arquta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:35. 1838. Actaea eburnea Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 153. 1900. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Woods of the Oregon and its tributary streams.’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Alaska to Montana, California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Himer 2664; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Silver- ton, Bouck 5; Lakeview, Henderson, July 1892; without locality, Brandegee 617; without locality, Vasey 164; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 416; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Henderson, June, 1892; Blue Mountains, /Zorner 270; Clarks Springs, Areager 127; Mount Carlton, Kreager 292, 297. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. The fruit of this species is usually scarlet, but white-berried forms occur, distinguishable by no other character. COPTIS. Go.prurReEap. Leaflets large, 5 to 8 cm. long, obscurely 8-lobed..... 22... --.-.---- 1. C. occidentalis. Leaflets smaller, 3-parted and incised. ...... 2.22. .....2.22.0--2---- 2. C. laciniata. 1. Coptis occidentalis (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 28. 1838. Chrysocoptis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 8. 1834. Tyre LocaLity: Rocky Mountains in North Idaho or West Montana. Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; lone, Areager 401; Newport, Piper 4213. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Arid Transition. 2. Coptis laciniata A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 297. 1887 Type LocaLiry: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: Washington to northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wind River, Flett 1297. CIMICIFUGA. 1. Cimicifuga elata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 36. 1838. Tyre Locaity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2662; Mashel Mountain, Piper in 1888; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1990; near Vancouver, Piper 3502. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PAEONIA. 1. Paeonia brownii Doug!.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 27. 1829. Tyre Locaciry: “ Near the confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount Hood,” Oregon. Collected by Douglas in 1826. Rance: Washington to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 329; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 497; Leavenworth, Savage 45; Blue Mountains, Piper 2424; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Canadian. AQUILEGIA. CoL_uMBINE. Flowers scarlet and yellow... .......-..-.-------------+--+--++------ 1. A. formosa. Flowers wholly yellow .........-------- 0220-222 cee cece ee ee ee ee eee 2. A. flavescens. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 279 1. Aquilegia formosa Fisch.; DC. Prod. 1: 50. 1824. Aquilegia columbiana Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, 29: 145. 1902. Type Locatiry: “In Kamehatka.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2671; Montesano, Heller 3936; Mump- tulips, Lamb 1180; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goat Mountains, Allen 249; Silverton, Bouck 9; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 385; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Cold Creek, Cotton 395; Ellensburg, Elmer 409, Whited 714: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1299; Gilberts Mining Claim, Whited 45, 153; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 403; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Fresh Lake, MeKay 28; Loomis, Elmer in 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896; Lake & Hull, July, 1892. This species has great altitudinal range occurring from sea level up to 1,800 meters alti- tude. It also occurs in eastern Washington in the Upper Sonoran zone. Such plants are usually finely puberulent throughout and perhaps constitute a good subspecies. 2. Aquilegia flavescens 8. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 10. 1871. Type Locauity: ‘ Wahsatch and Uintah Mountains, Utah; 5-7,000 feet altitude.”’ RaNGE: British Columbia to Utah and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 8; Swauk Creek, Brandegee 614; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 446; Mount Baldy, Cotton 1702; Chewaukum, Whited 2533. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. So far as northwestern specimens are concerned A. flavescens is a mere subspecies of A. formosa, all intergrades occurring between them. In some places the two grow together and then merge in all particulars. DELPHINIUM. Larkspur. Roots fasciculate, elongated, not tuberlike. Pedicels usually shorter than the flowers and fruit; plants about 1 meter high. Inflorescence densely short-villous; flowers greenish.............2.-.-.--------------- 2. Dz. viridescens. Inflorescence not villous; flowers blue. Leaf divisions narrow; whole plant puberu- lent; flowers bright blue. ..... 2... ..-- - 1. D. scopulorum stachydeum. Leaf divisions broad, glaucous beneath, glabrous; flowers dull blue...........- 1b. D. scopulorum glaucum. Pedicels longer than the flowers and fruit; plants 30 to 60 cm. high. Flowers blue; inflorescence not glandular-.-. - 3. D. bicolor Flowers ochroleucous; inflorescence glandular. 4. D. xantholeucum. Roots thickened, forming irregular tubers. Pedicels ascending or spreading, longer than the flowers and fruit. Mature follicles widely recurving. .......----- 5. D. menziesii. Mature follicles contiguous or spreading only at the tips. Stems tall, leafy; leaf segments cleft into narrow lobes; flowers 10 to 20......... 6. D. columbianum. Stems low, few leaved; leaves pedately parted; flowers few.......-.-.------- 7. D. depauperatum. Pedicels erect or ascending, short, the inflorescence spike-like.... 2... .22.2222---2-2-2----02----- 8 Di simplex. 280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Delphinium scopulorum stachydeum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12:52. 1887. Type vocaLity: “Interior of Oregon.”” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington to New Mexico and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1264. la. Delphinium scopulorum subalpinum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12:52. 1887. Type Loca.ity: ‘ Headwaters of Clear Creek, Colorado.” Rance: Blue Mountains to Colorado and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 267; Piper 2442. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 1b. Delphinium scopulorum glaucum A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 52. 1887. Delphinium glaucum Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 427. 1880. Type Locauity: “Big Tree Road,” California. Collected by Brewer. Rance: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2677: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1888; Nisqually Valley, Allen 248; Yakima County, Brandegee 615. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Delphinium viridescens Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11:39. 1897. Type Locauity: Near Peshastin, Washington. Rance: Chelan County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 563; Leavenworth, Whited 2556. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 10. 1834. Delphinium glareosum Greene, Pittonia 3: 257. 1896. Delphinium bicolor glareosum Davis, Minn. Bot. Studies, 2: 439. 1900. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘On dry hills, near Flathead or Sailish River, toward the south sources of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountain, Allen 146; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2665; Flett 81. 4. Delphinium xantholeucum sp. nov. Perennial from thick elongate black roots 5 to 10 cm. Jong; stems 60 to 80 em. high, glabrous and glaucous up to the inflorescence; leaf blades orbicular in outline, thickish, glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 8 cm. broad, parted nearly to the base into 5 cuneate segments, these deeply 2 to 3-cleft into linear lobes; petioles glabrous and glaucous, 2 to 3 times as long as the blades; bracts narrowly linear, or the lowest cuneate and 2 or 3-cleft ; inflores- cence viscid-pubescent, very loose, 15 to 40 cm. long; pedicels curved, spreading, the lower 5 em. or more Jong; flowers pale yellow, the sepals greenish and viscid pubescent outside: sepals and petals 10 to 12 mm. long, the stout straight spur 15 mm. long; lateral petals white-bearded; filaments blue-veined; follicles 3, straight, erect, reticulate-veined, hairy, 10 to 15 mm. long; seeds dark-colored, the angles produced into white scarious wings. Related to D. bicolor Nutt., but a larger plant, with constantly pale yellowish flowers, and the whole inflorescence viseid-pubescent even to the pods. Collected by Kirk Whited at Wenache, Wash., May 14, 1899, in flower; May 24, 1899, in fruit; also by G. R. Vasey in 1889, no locality indicated. 5. Delphinium menziesii DC. Syst. 1: 355. 1818. Delphinium pauperculum Greene, Pittonia 1: 284. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘Hab. in Nova-Georgia.” Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 9; Drayton Harbor, Lyall, May 3, 1858; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Kickitat River, Flett 1269; Falcon Valley, PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 2RI1 Suksdorf, May 10, 1886; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 11, 1886; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 13, 1886; North Yakima, Leckenby, April 18, 1898; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897, 2698; Whited 306; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 27; Colfax, Henderson; Pullman, Elmer 221; Piper 1457; Mount Carlton, Kreager 250; Seattle, Piper 217; Prosser, Cotton 583; Sunny- side, Cotton 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 6. Delphinium columbianum Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894. Delphinium nuttallia A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 12: 51, 54. 1887, not D. nuttallianum Pritzel. Type Locauity: “Along and near the Columbia River above The Dalles.” RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner; Clallam County, Elmer 2673; Montesano, Heller 3879; Cape Horn, Piper 4967; Woodlawn, Henderson; Olympia, Kincaid; Muckle- shoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Fourth Plain, Piper 3071; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 326; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Clealum, Whited 402; with- out locality, Howell; Blue Mountains, Piper 2443; Lewis River, cultivated at Pullman, Piper 3818; Columbia River, Nuttall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Delphinium depauperatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl, 1: 33. 1838. Delphinium pauciflorum Nutt. loc. cit., not D. Don. 1803. Delphinium nuttallianum Pritzel, in Walp. Rep. 2: 744. 18438. Type Locauity: “In the shade of pine woods in the Blue Mountains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg d& Leiberg 785; Mount Carlton, Kreager 250. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 8. Delphinium simplex Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 25. 1829. TyPE Locality: ‘On the subalpine range west of the Rocky Mountains near the Colum- bia, plentiful.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4 and 24, 1886; Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 497; Ellensburg, Piper 2740; Whited 523; Toppenish, Henderson 2374; Loomis, Elmer 594; Spangle, Suksdorf 235; Spokane, Piper June 25, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 720; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 3100, 1458; Hardwick in 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8a. Delphinium simplex distichiflorum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 67. 1847. Delphinium distichum Geyer; Hook. op. cit. 68, as synonym. Delphinium azureum Michx. err. det. Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 217. 1874. TYPE LocaLity: ‘Grassy stony borders of rivulets, high plains of Spokane and Nez Percez.”’ Rance: Idaho, Eastern Washington, and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 25, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, July 16, 1886; Glenwood, Fett 1267 ; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tieton River, Cotton 449; without locality, Hilgard in 1882; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager 417. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 28? CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ACONITUM. 1. Aconitum columbianum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 34. 1838. ACONITE. Acomtum nasutum Fisch. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 26. 1829. TYPE Locality: “Springy places on the Oregon below Walla Walla.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 577; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1177; Tieton River, Cotton 453; Sim- coe Mountains, Howell 305; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Conconully, Whited 1310; Okanogan County, Whited 224; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Hangman Creek, Suksderf 236; Blue Mountains, Piper 2416, 2456; Lake & Hull 400. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. BERBERIDACEAE. Barperry Faminy. Shrubs; leaves evergreen, pinnate, spiny .................-.-2------- BERBERIS. Herbs; leaves deciduous, not pinnate nor spiny. Leaves ternately compound; flowers panicled ..........22.2...-.. VANCOUVERIA. Leaves 3-parted; flowers spicate ..-. 2.222.222 022-0002 2 2 eee ACHLYs. BERBERIS. Leaflets palmately nerved......... 22-22. ..-.-. 22-200 .02. 22-222 e eee _ 1. B. nervosa. Leaflets pinnately nerved. Leaflets 5 to 11, shining, strongly spinulose.......222.2.2.2.-.--- 2. B. aquifolium. Leaflets 3 to 7, dull, often glaucous, weakly spinulose.............. 3. B. repens. 1. Berberis nervosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 219. 1814. OREGON GRAPE. Mahonia glumacea DC. Syst. 2: 21. 1821. TYPE LocaLity: Same place as that of Berberis aquifolium. RanGE: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. Also local in North Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2758; near Montesano, Heller 3991; Whidby Island, Gardner 12; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; Tacoma, Flett 109; Olympia, Henderson, October, 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 136; Roy, Allen 77; Lower Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf; Peshastin Canyon, Watson 25; Rail- road Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited 2546. ; ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Berberis aquifolium Pursh, Fl. 1: 219. 1814. OREGON GRAPE. Type Locatity: “On the great rapids of the Columbia among rocks in rich vegetable soil.”” Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 73; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 135; Roy, Allen 98: Klickitat River, Flett 1265; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; White Salmon, Suksdorf 231; Wenache Mountains, Whited, July 4, 1900; Fort Colville, Lyall; Watson 24; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 422; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, rarely Arid Transition. Pursh’s actual type specimen now preserved in the Philadelphia Academy is certainly the plant generally accepted under this name and not the same as B. repens Lindl. as has been claimed. Lewis’s specimens of this and of B. nervosa were collected at the Great Rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia, in which vicinity B. repens seems not to oecur. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 283 3. Berberis repens Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1176. 1828. Type LocaLity: A native of the north-western part of North America.’’ Originally col- lected by Lewis and Clark. Rance: British Columbia to California, Wyoming, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 4234; Union Flat, Piper, April, 1897; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 73; Davis ranch, Kreager, July 21, 1902; Pullman, Beattie, May 7, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. VANCOUVERIA. 1. Vancouveria hexandra (Hook.) Morr. & Dec. Ann, Sci. Nat. I]. 2: 351. 1834. Epimedium herandra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 30. 1830. Type Locauity: “North-West coast of America.”” Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lam) 247; Nisqually River, Piper 2059; Allen 66; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Van- couver, Dr. T. E. Wilcor, May, 1883; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn, Piper 5007; Vancouver, Piper 4921. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. ACHLYS. 1. Achlys triphylla (Smith) DC. Syst. 2: 35. 1821. VANILLA LEAF. Leontice triphylla Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 20: no. 5. 1812. Type Locauity: “On the west coast of North America.’”’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to North California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2757; Roy, Allen 95; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 64; Mason County, Kincaid, May, 1892; Marshfield, Henderson, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 62; Olympia, O. E. Pelton in 1879; White Salmon, Suksdorf 230; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PAPAVERACEAE. Porry Famity. Flowers regular. Leaves alternate, lobed or dissected. Sepals united, funnel-shaped; stigmas not united... .... EscHSCHOLZIA (p. 283). Sepals free; stigmas united.........----------------- PAPAVER (p. 283). Leaves opposite, entire; stigmas free. ..-.-.-.------------- PLAYSTIGMA (p. 284). Flowers irregular. Outer petals both spurred or gibbous. .....---------------- BIKUKULLA (p. 284). Only one petal spurred. .......--.------------------------ CAPNOIDES (p. 284). ESCHSCHOLZIA. 1. Eschscholzia columbiana Greene, Pittonia §: 231. 1905. Type Locauity: “Lower Columbia River in Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf. RaNnGE;: Lower Columbia Valley, Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf, said to be native. The commonly cultivated FE. californica Cham. is a frequent garden escape, and it is probably such a plant that is recorded in Cooper’s list as Chrysets californica. PAPAVER. 1. Papaver argemone L. Sp. Pl. 1: 506. 1753. Tyre LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Dewart, May 20, 1901. 284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. PLATYSTIGMA. 1. Platystigma oreganum (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 20. 1876. Meconella oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 64. 1888. TYPE LocaALitTy: “Open plains of the Oregon near its confluence with the Wahlamet.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 13; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Alki Point, Piper 1098; Tacoma, Flett 80; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. BIKUKULLA. Inflorescence simple and racemiform. Flowers nearly white; corolla divergently 2-spurred .-.--. 2.22... 1. B. cucullaria. Flowers pink; corolla saccate at base ..........22.-22-2--2-.-0---.- 2. B. uniflora. Inflorescence thyrsoid; flowers pink ............- Jee eeeeeeee.--..--. 38. B. formosa. 1. Bikukulla cucullaria (L.) Millsp. Bull. W. Va. Agr. Exp. Sta. 2: 327. 1892. DuTCHMAN’S BREECHES. Fumaria cucullaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 699. 1753. Diclytra cucullaria DC. Syst. 2: 108. 1821. Bicuculla occidentalis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 160. 1902. Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Virginia, Canada.” Rance: Washington and Oregon to Nova Scotia, southward to Missouri and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1946; Almota, Piper 1876; Waits- burg, Horner 118. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Bikukulla uniflora (Kellogg) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 34. 1897. Dicentra uniflora Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei. 4: 141. 1870. Type Loca.ity: “At Cisco and at the summit of the Sierra Nevada mountains on the line of the Central Pacific Railroad.” Rance: Washington to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 330; Flett 1264. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ? 3. Bikukulla formosa (Andr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 60. 1893. Fumaria formosa Andr. Bot. Rep. 6: pl. 393. 1797+ Diclytra formosa DC, Syst. 2: 109. 1821. Melytra formosa G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl 1: 140. 1831. Melytra saccata Nutt.; Torr..& Gr. Fl. 1: 67. 1888. Type Locauity: Not known. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2816; Seattle, Smith 18; Piper, May, 1891; Tacoma, Flett 64; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 63; Silverton, Bouck 13; Horse- shoe Basin, Lake & Hull 419; Stevens Pass, Whited 1438; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 702; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. CAPNOIDES. Flowers pink; leaves very large......................---.----.-----e- 1. C. scouleri. Flowers yellow; leaves moderate ................-.-....-.-----.---.. 2. C. aurea. 1. Capnoides scouleri (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 15. 1891. Corydalis scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 36. 1829, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 285 Corydalis macrophylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 69. 1888. Type cocauity: “In dark shady woods of North-West America; plentiful near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea.’ Collected by Scouler and by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 387i; Little Hoquiam River, Lamb 1063; Suecotash Valley, Piper, August, 1895; July, 1895; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 1892; upper Valley Nisqually, Al/en 118; Steilacoom; Ilwaco, Piper 4958. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 2. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 14. 1891. Corydalis aurea Willd. Enum. 740. 1809. Type Locatity: ‘ Habitat in Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and New England, southward to Arizona and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg d&: Leiberg 432; Spokane, Piper, May, 1898: Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. BRASSICACEAE. Musrarp F amity. Pods indehiscent. Flowers red; pods elongate, cylindric, somewhat con- stricted ..........-.---------- 2-2-0222 eee eee 28. RapHanus (p. 307). Flowers not red; pods orbicular or globose. Pods globose, reticulated; flowers yellow -....- - 25. Nesvia (p. 306). Pods flattened, orbicular; flowers white. Fruit wingless; pubescence branched. ..-.-- - 26. ATHYSANUS (p. 306). Fruit winged; pubescence simple... ..-- -- - 27. THysaNnocarpus (p. 306) Pods dehiscent, 2-valved, either elongate (siliques) or short (silicles). Pods elongate, therefore siliques. Siliques compressed parallel to the broad partition. Valves nerveless; leaves all petioled. Flowers red; stem 2 or 3-leaved near the summit ........-.----------------- 4. Denraria (p. 288). Flowers white; stem leafy below or throughout ........---------------- 5. CARDAMINE (p. 289). Valves 1-nerved; cauline leaves sessile. Siliques lanceolate, the valves reticulate... 6. PaRRyA (p. 291). Siliques linear. Petals flat; anthers short, subcordate. Petals twisted; anthers long, sagit- tate... 2.22 ee eee eee 8. STREPTANTHUS (p. 296). Siliques terete, not at all compressed. Pods 4 cm. long or more. ba | . ARABIS (p. 291). Flowers white or red; stigmas entire; pods erect... 2-2 ---------- 2-22 ee ee ee eee 11. THELYPopIUM (p. 298). Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lobed; pods spreading.....-..-.---------------- 12. ErysimuM (p. 299). Pods Jess than 4 em. long. Herbage canescent; flowers white; low al- pine perennials ..........----------- 13. SMELOWSKIA (p. 300). Herbage not canescent; flowers yellow or white. 286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Siliques beaked; seeds globose....... 14. Brassica (p. 301). Siliques beakless; seeds oblong. Valves of the pods nerveless.... 9. Roripa (p. 296). Valves of the pods nerved. Annuals; leaves pinnate or pinnatifid ...2. 22.222... 15. SisyMBrium (p. 301). Perennials. Leaves entire or suben- tire... 22.2 eee ee. 16. SCHOENOCRAMBE( p. 303). Leaves lyrate. 2.2... 17.Campe (p. 303). Pods short, therefore silicles. Silicles compressed parallel to the partition. Flowers solitary on scapes, white; seeds winged. 1. PLATYSPERMUM (p. 286). Flowers racemose; seeds wingless. Silicles orbieular.. 2.22.22. 2022022022... 2. ALYSsSUM (p. 287). vee eee eee eee 3. DRABA (p, 287). Silicles not compressed, or compressed contrary to the partition. Silicles ovate or oblong Plant aquatic, submerged; leaves subulate; pods subglobose... 2.22.22... 222 2 ee eee 18. SUBULARIA (p. 303). Plants terrestrial; leaves not subulate. Pods terete, not compressed. Pubescence stellate; pods globose... . 10. LESQUERELLA (p. 298). Pubescence not stellate; pods oblong. 9. Roripa (p. 296). Pods compressed contrary to the partition. Valves nerveless; pod obcordate..... 24. PuysarRtia (p. 306). Valves 1-nerved. Nerves of the valves obtuse, not prominent. Silicles cuneate, notched at ~ apex ..............-.... 19. Bursa (p. 303). Silicles not cuneate; not notched at apex. Cauline leaves — sessile; pod elliptic -...-.-.. 20. Hurcuinsta (p. 304). Cauline leaves auricu- late; pod obovoid _.. 21. CAMELINA (p. 304). Nerves of the valves forming acute keels or wings. Silicles orbicular or obovate; cells 1 or 2-seeded._..-. - 22. Lepipium (p. 304). Silicles ovate or oblong; sili- cles 2 to several seeded... 28. TuLaspr (p. 305). PLATYSPERMUM. 1. Platyspermum scapigerum Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 1: 68. 1830. Type Locauity: ‘Moist rocks and in shallow soil at the Great Falls [Celilo Falls] of the Columbia.”” Collected by Douglas. . Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell; Colville, Lyall, March 31, 1861; Pull- man, Elmer 82; Piper, April, 1894, May, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The stamens in this plant are variable in number, not uncommonly 4 or 5 in place of the normal 6. The peppery pods are eaten by children. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 287 ALYSSUM. 1. Alyssum alyssoides (Iu.) Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 321. 1762. Clypeola alyssoides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 652. 1753. Alyssum calyeinum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 908. 1763. Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Austria, Gallia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Pullman, Piper. DRABA. Annuals. Flowers white. Petals deeply 2-cleft...........-2.-2.-.---.-.-.-.. 1. D. verna. Petals entire; pods hispid... ....-.-.------------- 2. D. caroliniana micrantha. Flowers yellow. Pods 6 to 8 mm. long, much shorter than pedicels. _ 3. D. nemorosa. Pods 8 to 15 mm. long, about equaling the pedicels .. 4. D. stenuloba. Perennials. Midrib of leaves becoming prominent. Flowers yellow; pods acute... .....2....2.-.- .... 5. D glacialis. Flowers white; pods acuminate................... 6. D. douglasii. Midrib of leaves not prominent. Stems scapose; flowers white. .......-.2.-.------. 7. D. lonchocarpa. Stems very leafy; flowers yellow.........-.-.----. &. D. aureola. 1. Draba verna L. Sp. PI. 2: 642. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Suksdorf 499; 7. 2. Wilcor, March, 1883; Walla Walla, Leckenby, April, 1898; Waitsburg, Horner 606. 2. Draba caroliniana micrantha (Nutt.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 72. 1867. Draba micrantha Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 109. 1888. Type Locauity: ‘Open plains and rocky places about St. Louis, and in Arkansas.” RanGeE: Washington to Illinois, Texas, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 74; Wawawai, Piper 2801. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 3. Draba nemorosa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 6438. 1753. Tyre Locaity: “Habitat in Sueciae nemoribus.” Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and the Great Lakes. Europe. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 25; White Salmon, Suksdorf 232; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Geyer 626; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 4; Pullman, Piper 1794; Elmer 151; Almota, Piper, April, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 608; Wawawai, Piper 2800. : ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 4. Draba stenoloba Ledeb. Fl. Ross, 1: 154. 1841. Type Locauity: “In ins. Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 102; Mount Baker, Flett 851; Klicki- tat River, Flett 1142 in part; Yakima County, Henderson 2385 B; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 758; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 434; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1288. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 5. Draba glacialis Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 106. 1817. Type Locaity: ‘In promontorio Byskofskoymys,” near the mouth of the Lena River, Siberia. 288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Rance: Athabasca to Colorado and California. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 844; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Fett 1131; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf’ 2426; Blue Mountains, Piper 2404. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 6. Draba douglasii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 328. 1868. Braya oregonensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 199. 1882. Type Locauity: ‘High Sierra Nevada; on the gravelly ‘divide’ between East Carson and West Walker Rivers.’”’ Collected by Anderson. Also from ‘the interior of Oregon or California.”” Collected by Douglas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Howell 50, 386. 7. Draba lonchocarpa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 181. 1900. Draba nivalis elongata 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 23: 258, 1888, not D. elongata Host. 1827. TypPE Loca.ity: ‘ Rocky Mountains, from British America to Wyoming and the Uintas; Mt. Adams.” Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2060; Mount Baker, Flett 856; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 239; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2541. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 8. Draba aureola S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 430. 1880. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Sierra Nevada, in Sierra County,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 286; Piper 2061; Smith & Piper 699. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. DraBa LEMMONI S, Wats. This species is accredited to Washington on a specimen col- lected by Flett in the Olympic Mountains and thus determined by Wiegand. This speci- men certainly is not D. lemmoni, but is probably an undescribed species. The material is too young, however, for satisfactory description. DENTARIA. Basal leaves cordate-orbicular, crenate or sinuate_........ - 1. D. tenella. Basal leaves parted or divided into 3 or 5 segments. Petals 10 to 12 mm. long... -- wee eee eee ee eee ee eee 2. D. macrocarpa. Petals 12 to 16 mm. long....-.....-.........-...-.- 3. D. macrocarpa pulcherrima. 1. Dentaria tenella Pursh, Fl. 2: 439. 1814. Type Locaity: “On the banks of the Columbia.” Collected by Lewis, the exact place near the mouth of Sandy River, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 14; Silverton, Bouck 21; Tacoma, Flett 70; Snoqualmie, Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 51; Nisqually tide flats, Fleit 95; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 4, 235; Seattle, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Dentaria macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 88. 1838. Cardamine quercetorum Howell, Erythea 3:33. 1895. Cardamine tenella covilleana Schulz; Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 391. 1903. Cardamine tenella dissecta Schulz, op. cit. Cardamine tenella quercetorum Schulz, op. cit. 390. Type Locauity: “ Woods of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. @Bull. Torr. Club 5: 209. 1874. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 289 Range: British Columbia to north California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1927, 95, 500, 501, 233; Dar- ling Mountains, lett 1136; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gor- man, April, 1895. A variable species. Schulz’s subspecies are based entirely on characters of leaf outline, but these seem too variable to rely upon. Field study and large suites of specimens are necessary before the species can be satisfactorily understood. 2a. Dentaria macrocarpa pulcherrima (Greene) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 154. 1895. Cardamine pulcherrima Greene, Erythea 1: 148. 1893. Tyree LocaLity: Near Mosier, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Howell 1408. CARDAMINE. Leaves all simple. Alpine dwarf; leaves ovate or elliptic, entire........-...-.-.--- 1. C. bellidifolia. Subalpine, tall; leaves cordate or reniform, sinuate......-.-.--. 2. C. lyallir. Leaves, or some of them, pinnate. Basal leaves simple; cauline 3 to 5-foliolate. Leaf margin entire or merely sinuate........-.-..2...--.. 3. C. breweri. Leaf margin crenately 7 to 9-lobed _...................... 4. @. vallicola. Basal leaves pinnate. Leaves all 3-foliolate, sometimes 5-foliate; leaflets coarsely 3 to 5-toothed.........--.-.-------------- wo ee ee eeee-e--- 5. @. angulata. Leaves 3 to 9-foliolate. Petals 4 mm. long; leaflets 5 to 9, orbicular........... 6. C. occidentalis. Petals 2 to 4 mm. long; leaflets 3 to 7. Flowers subumbellate.........-.---.-.--------- 7. C. kamtschatica. Flowers racemose. Capsules 20 to 30-seeded; leaflets mostly ob- long....--.----------------------------- 8. @. pennsylvanica. Capsules 8 to 20-seeded; leaflets mostly round- ish...-.2.2-2---2----------------------- 9. C. oligosperma. 1. Cardamine bellidifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 654. 1753. Tyre Locaity: ‘ Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Brittaniae.”’ . Rance: Alaska to California, Montana, and the White Mountains. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2363. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2. Cardamine lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 466. 1887. Cardamine lyallii pilosa Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 438. 1903. Type tocauity: “Banks of the Ashtnola, Cascade Mountains.” Collected by Lyall in 1860. RanGE: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1135; banks of the Ashnola, Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2455; Horner in 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1642; Elmer 435; Cascade Mountains, Wilkes Expedition. ° ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. Schulz’s subspecies pilosa includes forms with more or less pubescence. It seems scarcely worthy of recognition. 29418—06 M 19 290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. . 3. Cardamine breweri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 339. 1875. Cardamine orbicularis Greene, Pittonia 4: 202. 1901. Type Locairy: California, “near Sonora Pass at 8-10,000 feet altitude.”’ Collected by Brewer. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, /vett 106, 178; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 52; Quinault, Conard 173. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Cardamine vallicola Greene, Pittonia 3: 116. 1896. Cardamine callosicrenata Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 488. 1897. Type Locaity: ‘ Wet meadows along Dale Creek, Wyoming.” Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 302; Spokane, Piper in 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Cardamine angulata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 44. 1829. Cardamine angulata pentaphylla Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 407. 1903. Tyre Locatity: “ Banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Scouler and by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1053; Montesano, Heller 3863; Tacoma, Flett 45; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 128, 128a; Ilwaco, Piper 4955. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Cardamine occidentalis (S. Wats.) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 50. 1897. Cardamine pratensis occidentalis 8S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 158. 1895. Type Locauity: Sauvies Island, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Tacoma, Fett 89 in part; North Yakima, Henderson, June 19, 1892. 7. Cardamine kamtschatica (Regel) Schulz, Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 32: 470. 1903. Cardamine sylvatica kamtschatica Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 84: 172. 1861. Cardamine umbellata Greene, Pittonia 3: 154. 1897. Type LocaLiry: Kamtschatca. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1018, 2183; Mount Rainier, Piper 2061; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Mount Rainier, Flett 2149. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 8. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3': 486. 1800. Cardamine hirsuta acuminata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:85. 1838. Cardamine acuminata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 237. 1902. Type LocaLiry: Pennsylvania. Rance: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1116; Silverton, Bouck 18; Tacoma, Flett 89 in part; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Nisqually Valley, Allen 53; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 503; Klickitat River, Flett 1139; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 733; Wenache, Whited 38; Rock Lake, Piper 2797; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 63. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 9. Cardamine oligosperma Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 85. 1838. Type Locaity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATB OF WASHINGTON. 291 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1026; Clallam County, Elmer 2692; Whidby Island, Gardner 24; Seattle, Piper 546; Tacoma, Flett 76; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Goat Mountains, Allen, August 23, 1895; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Humid Transition. The following specimens seem to me ambiguous between C. oligosperma and C. pennsyl- vanica and I am unable to refer them elsewhere: Seattle, Piper 732; Tacoma, Flett, April 20, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 505, 504; Skokomish River, Piper 2182; Hin- caid; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Waitsburg, Horner 588, 79; Wawawai, Elmer. PARRYA. 1. Parrya menziesii (Hook.) Greene, Ii. Fran. 253. 1891. Phoenicaulis menziesii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club. 18: 148. 1886. Hesperis menziesti Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:60. 1830. Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:89. 1838. Type Locaity: California. Collected by Menzies. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2712; Kittitas Valley, Whited 68; Blue Mountains, Piper 2414. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. la. Parrya menziesii lanuginosa 5. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 11: 152. 1895. Type Locauity: “Lower Columbia Valley, east of the Cascades, Douglas, Suksdorf.”’ Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830; between Klickitat Valley and Columbia River, Suksdorf 236; east side Columbia below the Chelan, Watson 28; near Gol- dendale, Howell 43; Wenache, Whited 1019; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 242; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 551. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ARABIS. Rock cress. Seeds wingless; flowers white. Radical leaves pinnately cleft into short and broad segments.. 1. A. lyrata occidentalis. Radical leaves entire. Cauline leaves not auriculate. Herbage wholly stellate-pubescent..........-..-.- 2. A. whitedii. Herbage glabrous above, pubescent below with sim- ple or forked hairs... ..... 22-22. 2.22 20222206 3. A. nuttallii. Cauline leaves auriculate; plant glaucous, glabrous except near the base... .....-..--------------+--- 4. A. glabra. Seeds winged or wing-margined. Seeds arranged in a single row. Cauline leaves sessile not cordate or auricled. ..........- 5. A. furcata. Cauline leaves cordate or auriculate at base........... 6. A. hirsuta, Seeds more or less distinctly in two rows. Cauline leaves not at all auriculate at base; leaves all entire, villous-hirsute......2..2..-22.-2.--.-..-. ..--- 18. A. cusickii. Cauline leaves auriculate or cordate. Radical leaves dentate. Pods reflexed, usually straight; whole plant finely stellate-pubescent .......-.---.-.-.- 7. A. holboellit. Pods arcuate, spreading. Flowers dark-purple; basal leaves some- what pubescent, the upper glabrous and glaucous........2..2.-..--2-e ee ences 8. A. atrorubens. 292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers rose-colored; whole plant roughly stellate-pubescent. Base of the stems woody and branched. 9. A. perennans. Base of the stems herbaceous or nearly so, simple........---.----- 10. A. sparsiflora, Radical leaves entire or merely denticulate. Pods reflexed. Pubescence densely and finely stellate, whitish; pods 2 mm. wide. ......-.-.- 12. A. puberula. Pubescence scant, stellate, or wanting; pods 3 to 5 mm. wide. -......----.--- 13. A. suffrutescens. Pods not reflexed. Pods divaricate; herbage soft pubescent with stellate hairs ......-.-...------- 11. A. bolanderi. Pods ascending. Plant glaucous; lower leaves finely and densely stellate-pubescent ........ 14. A latifolia. Plant green; pubescence scanty. Stems several, slender, from a woody caudex; leaves small... 17. A. microphylla. Stems solitary or few from a her- baceous or scarcely woody base. Tall 30 to 60 cm.; plant some- what glaucous; pubescence of 2-forked hairs. ....-..-- 15. A. drummondit. Low 10 to 30 cm.; plant glab- rous or somewhat stellate pubescent below. .....--- 16. A. lyalliz. 1. Arabis lyrata occidentalis S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 11: 159. 1895. Type Locauity: ‘From Alaska to British Columbia and the eastern side of the Rocky Mts. in Brit. America; Point Pelee on Lake Erie, Macoun.” Rance: Alaska to Washington and eastward to Lake Erie. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ‘On Nooksack River near Mount Baker,” Suksdorf 1999. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Arabis whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901. Type Looauity: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1057; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 275. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Mature specimens collected by Whited, May 19, 1905, show the ripe pods to be nearly erect, 17 to 20 mm. long, finely and densely stellate-pubescent, and nearly always longer than the divergent pedicels with which they form a pronounced angle; seeds wingless, in a single row; cotyledons accumbent. It may be a biennial. This species is not closely related to any other, in my opinion, but is to be ass@ciated perhaps with A. nuttalliz Robinson. 3. Arabis nuttallii Robinson in Gray, Syn. FI. 11: 160. 1895. Arabis spathulata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838, not DC. 1821. Type Locauity: “Lofty dry hills of the Platte, from the Black Mountains to the central chain.” Rance: Washington to Montana and Nevada. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 293 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1142 in part; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1223 (2); North Yakima, Steinweg; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 202; Lincoln County, Hen- derson 2387; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 50; Spokane County, Suksdorf 237; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 238; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2950; St. John, Piper 2792; Mount Adams, Cotton 1533. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Syst. Verz. Erf. 195. 1800. Turritis glabra L. Sp. Pl. 2: 666. 1753. Arabis perfoliata Lam. Encye. 1: 219. 1783. Turritis macrocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 78. 1838. Type LocaLity: Europe. Rance: British Columbia to New England southward to California, Colorado, and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2694; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June 11, 1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1140; Rock Island, Henderson; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 143; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1472; Elmer 844; Clarks Springs, Kreager 110. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Arabis furcata S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882. Type Locauity: “ Bluffs of the Columbia River near the mouth of Hood River,’ Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suks- dorf ; Howell; Henderson 58; without locality, Brandegee 625. 6. Arabis hirsuta Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 30. 1772. Arabis rupestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 81. 1838. Typ Locatity: Carniolia. RanGE: Alaska to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and Virginia. Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 20a, Skokomish Valley, Kineacd, May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett, April, 1896; Nisqually Valley, Allen, June, 1894; Klickitat River, Flett 1138; Coppei River, Horner 80; Almota, Piper, May 11,1901; without locality, Geyer 565. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. When growing in dense shade, the plants are often nearly glabrous. This form is A. hirsuta glabrata Torr. & Gr.a 7. Arabis holboellii Hornem. Fl. Dan. 11: 5. pl. 1879. 1827. Arabis retrofracta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 344. 1829. Type Locauity: “In rupibus Insulae Disco ad Jacobshavn detexit.” Rance: Washington and Colorado to British America. Greenland. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, May 28, 1898, 39; Ellensburg, Whited 312, 379; Piper 2707; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf, May 18, 1884; North Yakima, Henderson 2395; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 139; Ritzville, Sand- berg & Leiberg 158; Douglas County, Spillman, 2630; Pine City, Peper 2427; Spokane, Piper 2822, 2690; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Mount Carlton, Kreager 288; Blue Mountains, Horner 274 in part; Pullman, Elmer 207; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7a. Arabis holboellii patula (Graham) S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI. 11: 164. 1895. Turritis patula Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350, 1829. Arabis columbiana Macoun, Cat. Canad. Pl. 2: 304. 1890. aF], 1: 80. 1838. 294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locauity: “The seeds of this species were gathered in Captain Franklin’s expedi- tion at Hudson Bay, in Canada and in the Rocky Mountains.” RanGE: British Columbia and Washington to Hudson Bay. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green River Hot Springs, Piper 544. 8. Arabis atrorubens Greene, Erythea 1: 223. 1893. Arabis atriflora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 16: 211. 1899. Tyre Loca.ity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGE: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2105; Wenache, Whited 67, 1531; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Darling Mountains, Flett 1137; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1290. 9. Arabis perennans 5S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887. TypPE LocaLity: From northern Nevada and Utah to Arizona and the San Bernardino Mountains in California.” Rance: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889. 10. Arabis sparsiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 81. 1838. Arabis arcuata subvillosa S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1': 164. 1895. Type Locauity; ‘Forests of the Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Oregon.” Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Clealum, Whited 367; Mount Cleman, [Henderson 2395; banks of the Columbia, Douglas in 1829; Colville, Lyall in 1861; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 97; Spokane, Piper 2821; Pullman, Hull 471; Piper 1471, 1812, 1811; Elmer 88; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. There is considerable doubt as to the identity of Nuttall’s species and it may not be our plant. The latter is unquestionably the subspecies subvillosa of Watson. 10a. Arabis sparsiflora secunda (Ilowell). Arabis secunda Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895 (February). Arabis arcuata secunda Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 164. 1895 (October). Type LocaLiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Howell 1487; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 240, 241; Larm River, Suksdorf 97; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1031. 11. Arabis bolanderi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887. Typ Loca.ity: ‘‘ Yosemite Valley or Mono Pass,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 632. 12. Arabis puberula Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 82. 1838. Arabis canescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 83. 1838. Arabis tenuis Greene, Pittonia 4: 189. 1901. Type Locaity. ‘Forests of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Cleman, Henderson 2389; White Salmon, Suksdorf, July, 1881; Ellensburg, Whited 2707; Piper, July 9, 1897; Tampico, Flett 1125; Wenache, Whited, April, 1900; Blue Mountains, Horner 274; Coulee City, Piper 3848; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 15. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 295 13. Arabis suffrutescens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 362. 1882. Type Locatity: “Bluffs of the Snake River and vicinity, Union County, Oregon.” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 98, 511. 14. Arabis latifolia (5S. Wats.). Arabis canescens latifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17. 1871. Arabis lemmoni 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 467. 1887. Type Locatrry: Clover Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 509, 510, 1920; Henderson 2391. 15. Arabis drummondii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 187. 1863-69. Turritis stricta Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 350. 1829, not Arabis stricta, Host. 1827. Streptanthus angustifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:76, 1838, not Arabis angustifolius Lam. 1783. Type tocatiry: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond. Rance: California and Colorado, northward into British America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2181; Clallam County, Elmer 2693 in part; Mount Rainier, Piper 2065; north of Mount Adams, Henderson 2397; Mount Baker, Flett 859; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sand- berg & Leiberg 764. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: I{udsonian, 16. Arabis lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 122. 1876. Arabis drummondii alpina 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 18. 1871, not A, alpina L. Type tocauity: “In the mountains from Washington Territory to Mono Pass in the Sierra Nevada and eastward to W. Wyoming and Utah.” Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2180; Plett 94; Mount Rainier, Piper 2066, 2064; Smith 801; Allen 299; Clallam County, Elmer 2693 in part; Mount Adams, Henderson 2390; Suksdorf 508, 96; Howell 557; Ashnola River, Cascade Mountains, Lyall ; Blue Mountains, Horner 282. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 17. Arabis microphylla Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 82. 1838. Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 2. 18. Arabis cusickii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 363. 1882. Type tocauity: “On rocky ridges, Union County, Oregon.” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2711; Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2388 in part; Johnson Canyon, Brandegee 624; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 92; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3841; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1921; Pine City, Piper 2828, 2829, the latter ambiguous toward A. spars’ flora. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ARABIS BREWERI S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 123.1876. This species appears in Suks~ dorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens. 296 CONTRIBUTIONS’ FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, STREPTANTHUS. 1. Streptanthus longirostris S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 25: 127. 1890. Arabis longirostris S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 17: pl. 2. 1871. Type Locatity: “Growing in alkaline soil at the Steamboat Springs near Washoe City, about Humboldt Lake, Nevada, and on Stansbury Island in Salt Lake.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Henderson 2378; without locality, Brandegee 629. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. RORIPA. Flowers white; leaves pinnately divided ............................. 1. R. nasturtium. Flowers yellow; leaves various, mostly pinnate. Plants perennial by rootstocks. Pods glabrous or nearlyso .......-.-.....2. 22. -2-.-2-22-- 2. R. sinuata. Pods not glabrous. Pods pappilose-puberulent .............-.-..--.-.-.--- 3. R. calyeina. Pods soft pubescent, short-pediceled. ...-.............. 4. R. columbiae. Plants annual or biennial, without rootstocks. Pedicels short, 2 to 4 mm. long; stems diffuse. Pods curved; leaf-lobes acute.......................... 5. R. curvisiliqua. Pods straight; leaf-lobes obtuse -.......-.-.-2-. 22-0 0.. 6. R. obtusa. Pedicels longer, 6 to 8 mm. long; stems erect. Pods oval or globose; stems hispid... ...--- 2-222... 7. R. hispida. Pods oblong; stems glabrous or nearly so. Pods 4 to 8 mm. long .........-.-.....-.-.-.-.-.. 8. R. palustris. Pods 8 to 12 mm. long ..........-.-.-.-.--2---2--. 9. R. pacifica. 1. Roripa nasturtium (L.) Rusby, Mem. Torr. Club 3°: 5. 1893. WaTER CRESS. Sisymbrium nasturtium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753. Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europa & America septentrionali ad fontes.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, /lett6; Wawawai, Elmer 765; Hull 477; Clarks Springs, Kreager 124; Colville, Kreager 523. 2. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock, Spring Fl. Manhat. 18. 1894. Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73. 1838. Tyee LocaLity: ‘ Banks of the Oregon and its tributaries.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Arkansas, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2103; Almota, Piper 2653, 2654. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 175. 1900. Nasturtium calycinum Engelm. in Warren, Prelim. Rep. 156. 1855-7. Type Loca.ity: ‘Sandy bottoms of Yellowstone River; Fort Sarpy to Fort Union.” Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1892. 4: Roripa columbiae Suksdorf; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 40. 1897. Nasturtium sinuatum columbiae Suksdorf; Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1!: 147. 1895. Nasturtium columbiae Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monat. 16: 211. 1898. Type LocaLiry: ‘“ Low gravelly banks of the Columbia River near Bingen,’’ Washington. Rance: Oregon and Washington on gravelly river banks. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 952. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 297 5. Roripa curvisiliqua (Hook.) Bessey, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894. Sisymbrium curvisiliqua Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 1: 61. 1830. Nasturtium curvisiliqua Nutt; Torr. & Gr. Fl, 1:73. 1838, Nasturtium curvisiliqua nuttallii S. Wats. in Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 148. 1895. Type Locauity: ‘‘Common on the Northwest coast of America, lat. 47°-48°,in sandy soils, near streams.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Lower California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, eller 3852; Seattle, Piper 1840; Tacoma, Flett 36; Skamania County, Suksdorf 517; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf'576, 1900; Bingen, Suksdorf 2361 ; Skokomish River, Piper in 1890; Ellensburg, Whited 674; Kalama, Piper, October 31,1901; Roslyn, Whited 1205; Spokane, Dewart, July 15, 1901; October 11, 1900; Pullman, Emer 819; Piper 1474, 1840; Lake & Hull 476; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg d& Leiberg 522; Spokane, Kreager 559. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. A very variable species divided by Nuttall into four, namely, Nasturtium lyratum, N. polymorphum, N. cernuum, and N. curvisiliqua.c If there are good characters to separate these, they remain to be pointed out. The type specimen of lyratum has an evident style; that of polymorphum is almost obsolete. 6. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894. Nasturtium obtusum Nutt.; Torr, & Gr, Fl. 1: 74. 1888. Tyre Locauity: ‘ Banks of the Mississippi.” Rance: British Columbia to Michigan, California, and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2300; Bingen, Suksdorf 2299, 2353; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1901. The Bingen specimens have been referred to A. tenerrima Greene, but they seem not distinct from #?. obtusa. The species is variable. ( 7. Roripa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. 27. 1822. Sisymbrium amphibium palustre L. Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753. Nasturtium terresire R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 110. 1812. Nasturtium palustre DC. Syst. 2: 191. 1821. Type LocaLity: Europe. -RaNnGE: Subarctic regions, south to California and North Carolina. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lake Union, .Suksdorf 1903; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Usk, Kreager 353; Wenache, Whited. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 8. Roripa pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 40. 1897. Roripa clavata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 235. 1902. Nasturtium terrestre occidentale 5. Wats. in Gray, Syn. FI]. 1': 148. 1895, not Nasturtium occidentale Greene, F]. Fran. 268. 1891. TypPE LocaLity: Shumagin Islands, Alaska. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 519, 721; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 509; Waitsburg, Horner 83; Hoquiam, Lamb 1221. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 9. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 169. 1894. Brachylobus hispidus Desy. Journ. Bot. 3: 183. 1814. Nasturtium terrestre hispidum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 41. 1837. Nasturtium hispidum DC, Syst. 2: 201, 1821. Tyre Locacity: ‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.” aTorr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 73, 74. 1888. 298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Arizona and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Bingen, Suksdorf 2350, 2352; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 470. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. LESQUERELLA. Pods oval; pubescence not stellate... ....-- 2-2-2 2222.22 eee 1. L. occidentalis. Pods obovate; pubescence stellate........-2.....---.-----.-2------- 2. L. douglasir. 1. Lesquerella occidentalis 5S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 251. 1888. Vesicaria occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 353. 1885. Type Locauiry: ‘Near Yreka, California.” RanGe: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, /’lett 480; Klickitat River, Fett 1137. 2. Lesquerella douglasii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 255. 1888. Type Locauity: “On the Columbia River east of the Cascade Mountains, Wilkes, Lyall, Suksdorf.”’ Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1119, 1065; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 426; White Bluffs of Columbia, Brandegee 635; near Columbus, Suksdorf in 1886; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Douglas in 1829; Klickitat County, Suksdorf' 842; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 312. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The Brandegee specimens are erroneously associated with L. occidentalis 5. Wats. in the Synoptical Flora. THELYPODIUM. Cauline leaves auriculate at base. ......-.-...-.-.-----.-- teeeee- 1. T. sagittatum. Cauline leaves not auriculate. Annual; racemes loose; pods deflexed......-. - cece eee eeeee 2. T. lasiophyllum. Biennial; racemes dense; pods spreading. Leaves entire or repand.........-.......-.---.--------- 3. T. integrifolium. Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers whitish; leaves fleshy .....-.....------.----- 4. T. laciniatum. Flowers purple; leaves membranous... ....-.-........ 5. T. streptanthoides. 1. Thelypodium sagittatum (Nutt.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 265. 1898. Streptanthus sagittatus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12. 1834. Thelypodium nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 5: 26. 1871. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Little Goddin river toward the sources of the Columbia.” Collected by Wyeth. RanGe: Washington to Utah and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Leckenby, May 18, 1898; without locality, Bran- degee 638; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Coulee City, Piper 3883. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Thelypodium lasiophyllum (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 13: 142. 1886. Turritis (4) lasiophylla Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 321. 1840. Sisymbrium reflecum Nutt. Proc. Acad. Phila. 3: 26. 1848. Tyre Locauity: California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 953. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 299 8. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842. Pachypodium integrifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 96. 1888. Type Locaity: ‘Elevated plains of the Rocky Mountains, towards the Oregon, as far as Wallawallah.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper, July, 1897; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 473; Satus, Elmer 1073; Squaw Creek, Cotton 874. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The “Thelypodium brachycarpum Torr.?”’ of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen of T. integrifolium. 4. Thelypodium laciniatum (Hook.) Endl.; Walp. Rep. 1: 172. 1842. Macropodium laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 43. 1829. Type Locauity: “Common on dry rocks about Wallawallah, and at Priest’s Rapid on the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 200, 1246; North Yakima, Piper; Pasco, Piper 2986; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wallula, Leckenby; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 229; Rockland, Suksdorf 237; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rock Lake, Piper 2792; Walla Walla, Leckenby; Douglas County, Spillman; Coulee City, Piper 3863; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 391; Whitman County, opposite Clarkston, Hunter 21; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 190. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 5. Thelypodium streptanthoides Leiberg, in herb. Stout erect from a biennial root, often branched from the base, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblong-lanceolate, irregularly sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid with oblong or even linear lobes, green on both sides, 4 to 10 em. long, all petioled; racemes dense, 30 to 60 cm. long; sepals becoming 6 to 8 mm. long, deep purple at least on the upper third, somewhat irregular, the lower pair often united for two-thirds of their length, con- spicuously saccate at base, becoming tubulose-convolute at apex; petals narrowly linear with a dilated apex, flat, double the length of the sepals; filaments much elongated, nearly equal, free; pods 10 to 12 cm. long, on stout divaricate pedicels 4 to 6 mm. in length, sub- terete, flexuous or curved, minutely tomentose, strongly nerved; style short or none; mature seeds not seen. Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbarium, collected near Wilson Creek, Douglas County, altitude 680 meters, no. 229, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893. Also collected on rocky cliffs at Almota, Piper 1473 and 3563; Lake Chelan, Elmer, July, 1897; and Soap Lake, McKay 2. This species is closely allied to 7. laciniatum (Hook.) Endl., but differs in its thinner not at all glaucous leaves and purple-tinged calyx. ERYSIMUM. Petals 4 to 5 mm. long; pods 1 to 2 em. long ......-..-------.--- 1. E. cheiranthoides. Petals 16 to 24 mm. long. Pods 4-angled, spreading, 5 to 12 cm. long. Seeds quadrangular.......-.-.-.--------------+2-+--+-- 2. E. asperum. Seeds lenticular. .....-.----------------+-++------------ 3. E. elatum. Pods flattened. Cespitose perennial; cotyledons incumbent... ..-...------- 4. E. arenicola. Biennial, simple; cotyledons accumbent.........--------- 5. E. occidentalis. 1. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Sp. Pl. 2: 661. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: Huropean. 300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Pullman, Piper 2820; Clarks Springs, Kreager 73. 2. Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Syst. 2: 505. 1821. Cheiranthus asper Nutt. Gen. 2: 69. 1818. Cheiranthus capitatus Hook. FI). Bor. Am. 1: 38. 1829. Type Locauity: ‘On the plains of the Missouri commencing near the confluence of White River.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1307; Clallam County, Elmer 2695; Mount ‘Rainier, Piper 2062; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1198; 30 miles south of Mount Adams, F'lett 1733; Wenache, Whited 1100, 130; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 182; Spokane, Piper 2948; Henderson; Soap Lake, McKay 8; Wawawai, Piper; Lake & Hull 474; Elmer 77; Almota, Piper 1499; Spokane, Kreager 161. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. The types of Cheiranthus capitatus were collected “on rocky places of the Columbia, near the sea, and at Puget Sound.” They can therefore scarcely be the same as Erysimum grandiflorum Nutt., to which Cheiranthus capitatus has been referred as a synonym. 3. Erysimum elatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray Fl. 1:95. 1838. Cheiranthus pacificus Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 308. 1903. Type Locaity: “Grassy situations by the banks of the Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 82; Cape Horn, Piper 5028. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Erysimum arenicola 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 124. 1891. Type LocaLiry: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington, near the summit. Col- lected by Piper. RanaE: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2179, 916. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5. Erysimum occidentale (S. Wats.) Robinson in Gray, Syn. Fl. 11: 144. 1895. Cheiranthus occidentalis 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 28: 261. 1888. Erysimum asperum pumilum 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 24. 1871, not EF. pumilum DC. 1821. Type Locauity: In Washington Territory (Walla Walla, Lyall; Klickitat County, Suks- dorf). RanGeE: Washington, Oregon, and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2686; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; Flett 1128; Yakima, Leckenby, April, 1898; Columbus, Suksdorf in 1886; Rockland, Suksdorf in 1886; Tampico, Flett 1126; Sunny- side, Cotton 310; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. SMELOWSKIA. Capsule lanceolate, attenuate at each end.....-...-.-.-.-.---.-.------- 1. S. calycina. Capsule ovate, nearly subcordate at base.....-.....-...-.-.-.-2------- 2. S. ovalis. 1. Smelowskia calycina C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 170. 1831. Smelowskia americana Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 239. 1902. TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia. Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 301 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2696; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, Septem- ber, 1877; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 641; Elmer 1095. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. Smelowskia ovalis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 624. 1895. Tyre LocaLity: Mount Adams, Washington. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, /. M. Grant in 1889; Mount Adams, Hen- derson, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2063; James Bryce in 1883; Allen 61. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. . BRASSICA. Cauline leaves auricled at base and clasping.........-..--.-.--------- 1. B. campestris. Cauline leaves not auricled or clasping. Beak of the pod very short, less than one-fourth the fertile portion. 2. B. nigra. Beak of the pod long, about equaling the fertile portion. .......-.. 3. B. arvensis. 1. Brassica campestris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 666. 1753. TURNIP. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Waitsburg, Horner 73; Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895. 2. Brassica nigra (L.) Koch in Roehl. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3. 4: 713. 1833. BLacK MUSTARD. Sinapis nigra L. Sp. Pl. 2: 668. 1753. Type Loca.ity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 4113; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 8. Brassica arvensis (L.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 5. 1888. CHARLOCK. Sinapis arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 668. 1753. Brassica sinapistrum Boiss. Voy. Espagne 2: 39. 1839-45. Type Locauity: “Habitat in agris Europae.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; Pullman, Piper, August, 1893; Meyers Falls, Kreager 514. SISYMBRIUM. Pubescence of simple hairs or none; leaves pinnatifid. Pods subulate, appressed, 1 to 1.5 em. long......-.-.-------- 1. S. officinale. Pods linear, spreading, 5 to 10 em. long. .....--------------- 2. 8. altissimum. Pubescence of branched hairs. Flowers white; leaves mainly in a basal rosette.............-- 3.8. thalianum. Flowers yellow; branches leafy. Seeds biseriate in each cell.......--------- eee eee ee eee 4. S. canescens. Seeds uniseriate in each cell. Leaves tripinnate; herbage canescent.-.-.-.---.------- 5. 8S. sophia. Leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, subglabrous. Capsules 10 to 14 mm. long, spreading. Pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long, shorter than the capsules.........-------------+---+--+--- 6. S. incisum. Pedicels 10 to 20 mm. long, longer than the capsules.......---.---.-------+---+-+--- 6a. S. incisum filipes. Capsules 3 to 6 mm. long on subequal ascending pedicels. ........-.------------------------ 7. 8. hartwegianum. 1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 26. 1772. HEDGE MUSTARD. Erysimum officinale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, August, 1895. 302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 2. Sisymbrium altissimum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753, TUMBLING MUSTARD. Type cocauity: ‘Habitat in Italia, Gallia, Siberia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 416; Pullman, Piper 3513; Wawa- wai, Piper, May 31, 1903. 3. Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 7: 399. 1826. Aralbis thaliana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 665. 1753. Type LocaLiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett, May, 1899. 4. Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. Gen. 2: 68. 1818. Tyre Locaity: “From Virginia to Georgia.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Florida, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Henderson 2379; Waitsburg, Horner 77; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889. ; 5. Sisymbrium sophia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 659. 1753. TyPE LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 3511; Wawawai, Piper 2871; Waitsburg, Horner 599. 6. Sisymbrium incisum Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8. 1849. Type Locauity: ‘Santa Fe Creek and Mora River,”” New Mexico. Rance: Washington and Manitoba to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 67; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1286. 6a. Sisymbrium incisum filipes A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 8. 1849. Sisymbrium longrpedicellatum Fourn. Sisymb. 59. 1865. Sophia flipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 311. 1897. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Clearwater,” Idaho. Collected by Spalding. Rance: British Columbia to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 438; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Flett 1129; Tacoma, Flett 51; Pasco, Piper 2972; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898; Spokane, Piper, May, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1477; Elmer 842; Almota, Piper, May, 1897; Wawawai, Hull, May, 1892; Piper, May, 1893; Mount Carlton, Kreager 145; Coupeville, Gardner 20; Wenache, Whited 1062, 603; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 364; Sunnyside, Cotton 356; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 101; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson in 1884; Wawawai, Piper 1477. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 7. Sisymbrium hartwegianum Fourn. Thése Crucif. 66. 1865. Sisymbrium incisum hartwegianum Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 41. 1876. ¢ Sisymbrium canescens brevipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 92. 1838. Tyre vocauity: “Crescit in imperio mexicano.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 50; Charleston, Piper, June 21, 1895; Pasco, Piper 2996; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 161; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 242; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Myers Falls, Kreager; Coulee City, Piper 3879, 3880; Republic, Beattie & Chapman 2271. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richards., in Hooker’s Flora, is, in all probability, not that species, but S. hartwegianum, so far as the plant from the “‘Great Falls of the Columbia’ is concerned. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 303 SCHOENOCRAMBE. 1. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 127. 1896. Sisymbrium linifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 91. 1838. Nasturtium linifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 12, 1834. Type Loca.ity: “ Head of Salmon River, in dry soils,’ Montana? Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 635; Piper, May, 1897; Whited 398; Klicki- tat County, Suksdorf 3; Wilbur, Henderson 2380; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 271; Coulee City, Piper 3854; without locality, Brandegee 640. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CAMPE. Pods appressed, 1 to 1.5 cm. long......-...-2 22-2 2-2-2 eee ee ee ee enone 1. C. stricta. Pods ascending, 2.5 to 3 cm. long......-.-.------ 2-2-2 ee ee ee eee ee eee 2. C. barbarea. 1. Campe stricta (Andrz.) W. F. Wight. Barbarea stricta Andrz. in Bess. Enum. 72. 1822. Barbarea vulgaris stricta A. Gray, Man. ed. 2: 35. 1856. TYPE ‘LOCALITY; “Tn Podoliae austr.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 754, introduced. Mr. W. F. Wight has called attention to the fact that the genus name Barbarea of Robert Brown, 1812, is invalidated by reason of the older Barbarea of Scopoli, 1760. 2. Campe barbarea (L.) W. F. Wight. BITTER CREss. Erysimum barbarea Li. Sp. Pl. 2: 660. 1753. . Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 109. 1812. Barbarea barbarea MacMillan, Metasp. Minn. Val. 259. 1892. Tyre Locatity: ‘ Habitat in Europa.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 16; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2022; Klickitat River, Flett 1134, 1141; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper, June 1893; Elmer 180; Waitsburg, Horner 605. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The western form of this plant is considered a distinct species by Dr. Rydberg as Barbarea americana Rydb.@ To distinguish it the characters of erect pods and lyrate leaves are relied upon. SUBULARIA. 1. Subularia aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 642. 1753. Type Locatity: “ Habitat in Europae borealis inundatis lacustribus fluviis,” Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to California and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom Lake, Suksdorf. BURSA. 1. Bursa bursa-pastoris (L.) Wever in Wigg. Prim. FI]. Holst. 41. 1780. SHEPHERD’S PURSE. Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 647. 1753. Capsella bursa-pastoris Medic. Pflanzengat. 1: 85. 1792. Type LocaLity: European. A common weed all over the State. a Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 174. 1900. 304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, HUTCHINSIA. 1. Hutchinsia procumbens (L.) DC. Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 168. 1814. Lepidium procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 643. 1753. Capsella elliptica C. A. Meyer in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 3: 199. 1831. Capsella procumbens Fries, Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 1: 14. 1832. Hymenolobus divaricatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 117. 1838. Hymenolobus erectus Nutt. loc. cit. Type woca.ity: “ Habitat Monspelii.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Labrador and southward. Europe. Asia. Australia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 26; Ellensburg, Whited, April, 1897; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 117; Sunnyside, Cotton 315; Coulee City, Piper 3890; Lin- coln County, Henderson 4382; Spokane, Piper 2944. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. CAMELINA. Glabrous or nearly so; pods 6 to 8 mm. long..............-....------ 1. @. sativa. Pubescent at least below; pods 4 to 6 mm. long...........-.-.-.-.-.- 2. C. microcarpa. 1. Camelina microcarpa Andrcz. in DC. Syst. 2: 517. 1818. Camelina sylvestris Wallr. Sched. Crit. 347. 1822. Type Locaurry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 448; Wawawai, Piper 1475; Frontier, Krea- ger 465. 2. Camelina sativa Crantz, Stirp. Austr. 1: 18. 1769. Type LOCALITY: Austria. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892. LEPIDIUM. PeEprerGrass. Apex of the capsules bidentate, the valves strongly reticulated. .....-- - 6. L. dictyotum. Apex of the capsules merely emarginate, the valves not reticulated. Capsules 4 to 5 mm. long, shining..........-.-.--------------- 5. L. nitidum. Capsules 2 to 3 mm. long, not shining. Petals wanting or very minute. Pods glabrous .........----------------------- eee ee 1. L. apetalum. Pods puberulent.......-.-.-.-.-.-.----------------- 2. L. lasiocarpum. Petals present. Basal leaves pinnately parted, pubescent..............- 3. L. menziesir. Basal leaves dentate, glabrous........------------.--- 4, L. medium. 1. Lepidiim apetalum Willd. Sp. Pl. 3': 439. 1800. Lepidium elongatum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 234. 1902. Type Locaity: ‘In Siberia.” Rance: British Columbia to New England and southward. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1113; Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 13; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1942; Pasco, Piper, May, 1899; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 175; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Elmer, September, 1897; Coulee City, Piper 3878; Walla Walla, Brandegee 645; Almota, Piper 2788; Wawawai, Piper, June, 1894, 3064; Pullman, Piper, July, 1894, 3507; Clarks Springs, Kreager 572; Almota, Elmer 21. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 2. Lepidium lasiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 115. 1838. TypPE Locauity: ‘“ Near St. Barbara, Upper California.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 305 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Coulee City, Piper 3877; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Lepidium menziesii DC. Syst. 2: 539. 1821. Type Locauiry: ‘Hab. in ora occidentali Americae borealis.’’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, near the seashore principally. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2697; Hoquiam, Lamb 1153; Fairhaven, Piper 2787; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 444; White Salmon, Suksdorf 242; Seattle, Henderson 77. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species was formerly confused with L. virginicum L., which does not occur in Wash- ington. 4. Lepidium medium Greene, Erythea 3: 36. 1895. Lepidium intermedium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 15. 1853, not Richard. Tyre Locaity: “Ravines of the Organ Mountains, northeast of El Paso,’’ Texas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, [Henderson 2045; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Bingen, Suksdorf 2362; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 479; Piper 3063, 3533, 3811; Waitsburg, Horner 4. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 5. Lepidium nitidum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 116. 1838 Type LocaLiry; Near Santa Barbara, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Rockland, Suksdorf 241; Granddalles, Gorman, April, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Lepidium dictyotum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 329. 1868. Type Locauity: ‘“ Nevada, at Steamboat Springs.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 844; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 138: Duck Lake and Crab Creek, Suksdorf 244; Walla Walla, Brandegee 646; Waitsburg, Horner 604; Bolles Junction, Horner 607. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. THLASPI. Pods large, winged, deeply notched; annual. .....-.-.-.------------+--- 1. T. arvense. Pods small, scarcely winged or notched; perennials. Leaves green, not glaucous.........-.------------+-----++--------- 2. T. alpestre. Leaves glaucous. ......-...------ 22-2 eee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eee ee 3. T. glaucum. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 646. 1753. PENNY CREss. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897. 2. Thlaspi alpestre L. Sp. PI. ed. 2. 2: 903. 1763. Tyee Locauity: “Habitat in Austria.”’ RancGE: British Columbia and Montana to Mexico. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Thirty miles south of Mount Adams, Flett 1132; Mount Rainier, Flett 227; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1210; Sandberg & Leiberg 811; Yakima County, Henderson 2386; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 300. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 29418—06 mM——20 306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 8. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 275. 1898. Thlaspi alpestre glaucum A. Nelson, First Rep. Fl. Wyo. 84. 1896. Type Locatity: La Plata Mines, Wyoming. Rance: Washington, Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2407. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PHYSARIA. 1. Physaria geyeri (Hook.) A. Gray, Gen. Ill. 1: 162. 1848. Vesicaria geyeri Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 70. pl. 5. 1847. Type Locauity: “Sunny, sandy declivities on elevated volcanic places, Upper Spokan River.”” Collected by Geyer. Rance: In the vicinity of Spokane, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; upper Spokane River, Geyer 476; Spokane, Henderson 2384; Piper 2293; Marshall Junction, Piper 1843; Hangman Creek Sandberg & Leiberg 17; Clarks Springs, Kreager 117. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Hooker @ at first included this species in his Vesicaria didymocar pa, and this is perhaps the basis for the inclusion of Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) Gray in Suksdorf’s list. NESLIA. 1. Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Journ. Bot. 3: 162. 1814. Myagrum paniculatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 641. 1753. Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Europa, juxta agros.’”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Frontier, Kreager 467. ATHYSANUS. 1. Athysanus pusillus (Hook.) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 72. 1885. Thysanocarpus pusillus Hook. Ic. Pl. pl. 42. 1837. Thysanocarpus oblongifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 118. 1888. Type Locatity: Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 885; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 96; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 124; Piper 1481; Hull, May, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. THYSANOCARPUS. 1. Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 69. 1830. Thysanocarpus trichocarpus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 253. 1903. Type Locauity: ‘On moist ground, near the Great Falls of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 30, 1886; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 118; Wawawai, Lake 478; Piper 1480 in part, April, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 76 in part; without locality, Vasey 187. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. la. Thysanocarpus curvipes madocarpus subsp. nov. Differs from the species in having its pods glabrous instead of puberulent. From field observations this seems worthy of subspecific rank. While both forms may occur close together, yet so far as my observations go a particular colony of plants is of one form or the other; the two do not occur mixed. aFl. Bot. Am. 1: 49. 1830. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 307 Mr. M. L. Fernald kindly examined the type of 7. curvipes in the British Museum and writes that the pods are puberulent, a point not brought out in the original description. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer, 79 (type); Wawawai, Piper 1480 in part; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Tacoma, Fett 886; near Clarkston, Hunter 49; Waits- burg, Horner 76 in part. RAPHANUS. Pods grooved, 4 to 10-seeded....... 22. -.---.-------2----------- 1. R. raphanistrum. Pods not grooved, 2 or 3-seeded_.......-.-----------------+------ 2. R. sativus. 1. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat inter segetes Europae.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 4214. 2. Raphanus sativus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 669. 1753. RapisH. Type Locatity: Not given. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 18. ConrinGiA PERFOLIATA (L.) Link has been collected in Douglas County by Sandberg & Leiberg (no. 314). It can scarcely be said to be established. CAPPARIDACEAE. Carer FAmILy. CLEOME. Flowers yellow ..........---------------------------- 22-2 eee -.... Ll. C. lutea. Flowers purple _......-...------------------------- wee e eee ee cece eee 2. C. serrulata. 1. Cleome lutea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 70. 1830. Tyre Locauity: “Common in North-West America; on the banks of the Columbia; and in the vallies of the Blue Mountains, sparingly; and as far as to the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Nevada and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1152; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; . Piper 1805; Flett 1036; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 405; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 375; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Hangman Creek, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 907. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Cleome serrulata Pursh, Fl. 2: 441. 1814. Cleome integrifolia Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 122. 1838. Type Locaitry: “On the banks of the Missouri.”’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, New Mexico, and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 570; North Yakima, Waft, August, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. PoLANISIA TRACHYSPERMA Torr. & Gr. appears in Suksdorf’s list. There are no herbarium specimens of this plant from Washington to justify its inclusion in the flora. DROSERACEAE. Sunpvew FaAmIny. DROSERA. Leaf blades round, long-petioled -_... - Dee ee eee ee ee eee 1. D. rotundifolia. Leaf blades spatulate -.... 2... -- wo ee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 2. D. longifolia. 1. Drosera rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 281. 1753. SUNDEW. Type Locauitry: “Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae paludibus.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2785; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 318: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 370; waco, Henderson; Davis Lake, Kreager 437. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Drosera longifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 282. 1753. Drosera anglica Huds. Fl. Angl. 135. 1778. Tyee Locauity: “Habitat in Europa ubique.” RanGE: Subarctic regions, southward to Newfoundland, Idaho, and California. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 371. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. CRASSULACEAE. Sronecrop FAMILY. Flowers solitary axillary; annual... ............-.-----.-.-2--------- TILLAEASTRUM. Flowers cymose; perennials or biennials. Leaves serrate; flowers purple. ...........-.-.-.---------------- RHODIOLA. Leaves entire; flowers yellow. Petals free to the base... ......-. eee eee ee ee ee eee eee eee SEDUM. Petals united below the middle............----.------------- GORMANIA. 1. TILLAEASTRUM. Leaves obtuse; pedicels as long as the leaves ........-- eee ee ee eee 1. T. drummondit. Leaves acute; ‘pedicels very short ........-.-.------- ween eee eee 2. T. aquaticum. 1. Tillaeastrum drummondii (Torr. & Gr.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1903. Tillaea drummondii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 558. 1840. Type Locaity: Texas. Collected by Drummond. Rance: Washington to California and Louisiana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Gorman 693. 2. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 1. 1908. Tillaea aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 128. 1753. Tillaea angustifolia Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 558. 1840. Type LocALiry: European. Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to Lower California, Texas, and Mary- land. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Elmer, July, 1898. RHODIOLA. 1. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. Atl. Journ. 1: 146. 1832. Sedum frigidum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 282. 1901. Type Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward Fort Colville, Lyadd in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 547, 859; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 773. SEDUM. STONECROP. Leaves spatulate, very glaucous............-...-.----------- seeeee 1. S. spathulifolium. Leaves not spatulate nor glaucous. Leaves subglobose, bright green..........-..--.------------- 2. S. divergens. Leaves lanceolate, broadest at base. Leaves becoming scarious; carpels divergent...........-.. 3. S. douglasi. Leaves not becoming scarious. Perennial, carpels erect.........-.-.---------------- 4. S. stenopetalum. Biennial, carpels divaricate..........-...-...-.------ 5. S. letbergii. 1. Sedum spathulifolium Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 227. 1834. Type Locauity: ‘Common on dry rocky places of the Columbia and Salmon Rivers.” Collected by Douglas. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 309 Rance: British Columbia to northern California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2691; Whidby Island, Gardner 121; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 548; mouth of Columbia, Douglas 1825; Stuart Island, Lawrence 12. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Sedum divergens S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 372. 1882. Type Locatity: ‘In the Cascade Mountains, Washington Territory; on Mount Adams and near the summit of Yakima Pass.’’ Collected by Suksdorf and by Watson. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2221; Mount Rainier, Piper in 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 369; Henderson 4; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 774; Elmer 1181; Sand- berg & Leiberg 809; Yakima Pass, Watson 142; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 856. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 3. Sedum douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 228. 1834. | Sedum uniflorum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 213. 1898. Tyre Locauity: “Common on rocky places of the Columbia to the mountains.” Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Flett 1206; Tieton River, Cotton 486; Fort Colville, Watson; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Henderson 2572; Piper; Spokane County, Suksdorf 302; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 442; Palouse, Cloud; Spokane, Kreager 6; Olympic Mountains, Flett 116. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Sedum uniflorum Howell is apparently only a weak state of the species, having solitary or few flowers. 4. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh, F]. 1: 324. 1814. Type Locatity: “On rocks on the banks of Clark’s River [Montana]and Kooskoosky ” [Idaho]. Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 138; east side Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; San Juan County, Gardner, June 23, 1899; East Sound, Hen- derson in 1892; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 555; Ellensburg, Elmer 416; near Ellens- burg, Whited 540; Laconner, Gardner; Twisp River, Whited 237; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 409; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 209; Flat Top Island, Lawrence 114. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Sedum leibergii Britton, N. Am. Fl. 22':73. 1905. Sedum divaricatum 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:372. 1882, not Aiton, 1789. Type Loca.ity: “In Union County, Oregon.’’ Collected by Cusick. RaNnGE: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wawawai, Henderson 2571; Hull 442; Elmer 762; Piper; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 703. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. GORMANTIA. 1. Gormania oregana (Nutt.) Britton, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 3: 30. 1903. Sedum oreganum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 559. 1840. Type Locaity: ‘Rocks, near the mouth of the Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 75; Whatcom County, Gardner 420; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 126%; Columbia River, Nuttall (type); Mashel Canyon, Piper 2123; Stampede Pass, Hen- derson, July 27, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 443; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Humid Transition. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxirrace FAMILY. Staminodia none; carpels 2, distinct, at least above .....-. -- PARNASSIA (p. 322). Staminodia present; carpels 3 or 4, united. Placentae axial. Carpels distinct; leaves coriaceous, without stipules .. LeprarrHENa (p. 310) Carpels' united, at least below. Stamens 10 ......-.--------------- eee ee eee SAXIFRAGA (p. 312). Stamens 5. Ovary superior .......-.--..------------ Bo.anpra (p. 310). Ovary not superior. Rootstocks bearing bulblets; ovary al- most wholly inferior ..............- Hemigva (p. 311). Rootstocks not bearing bulblets; ovary half-inferior ......-..-.---------+- THEROFON (p. 311). Petals none; stamens 8 ....--.-------------+- CurysosPLENiuM (p. 318). Placentae parietal or nearly basal. Stamens 8 or 10. Petals present; stamens 10. Carpels unequal; petals entire ............ TIARELLA (p. 317). Carpels equal; petals laciniate ............ Teitima (p. 317). Stamens 5 or 3. Petals pinnatifid; stamens 5 ........-.--.--- .. MIrELLa (p. 319). Petals entire or none. Stamens 5; calyx campanulate or turbinate. Heucnera (p. 320). Stamens 3; calyx tubular .........-.--.-.- Lepraxis (p. 322), LEPTARRHENA. 1. Leptarrhena amplexifolia (Sternb.) Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830. Saxifraga amplexifolia Sternb. Rev. Sax. Suppl. 1: 2. pl. 2. 1822. Saxifraga pyrolifoa D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 389. 1822. Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 48. 1830. Tyre Locauity. Unalaska. Rance: Alaska to Mount Adams, Washington, and Kootenai Pass, British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Proper, August, 1895, Mount Ranier, Flett 255; Piper 2039; Allen 281; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf 543, Cas- cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 711; Bridge Creek, Elmer 658; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. BOLANDRA. 1. Bolandra oregana S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 292. 1879. Type LocaLity: “On wet rocky banks of the Willamette River, near Oregon City, Ore- gon.”’ Collected by Howell. Rance. Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf in 1882; Cape Horn, Piper 5021. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 311 THEROFON. Stipules scarious or foliaceous......---.-.-------- +--+ eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 1. T. majus. Stipules represented by bristles.......-....-------2--+--e-eeeeeee------ 2. V. elatum. 1. Therofon majus intermedium. Boykinia major intermedia Piper, Erythea 7: 172. 1899. Therofon intermedium Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 53. 1904. Type LocaLity: New London, Chehalis County, Washington. Collected by Lamb. Rance: Known only from the type. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: New London, Lamb 1267. 2. Therofon elatum (Nutt.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 121. 1894. Sazxifraga elata Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 575, 1840. Boykinia occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 577. 1840. Boykinia elata Greene, Fl. Fran. 190. 1891. Boykinia nuttallii J. M. Macoun, Can. Rec. Sci. 6: 409. 1895. Tyre Locauity: “In wet places near Chenook Point at the estuary of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to south California, along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2209; Quilcene, Gardner 109; Sno- qualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Silverton, Bouck; Nis- qually Valley, Allen 118a. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. Rydberg, @ considers this distinct from 7’, elatum under the name of Therofon occidentale. A careful reexamination of the above material and much more leaves our previous con- clusion unchanged. The plant of California, 7. cineinnatum Rosendahl & Rydberg loc. cit., is feebly distinguishable by a larger inflorescence with the branches more or less racemiform and curved pedicels. This is said to range from Washington to California, but we have seen specimens only from California. HEMIEV A. Petals violet, long-clawed....... wee ee ee ee eee ee eee eee eee 1. H. violacea. Petals white, short-clawed..........--..----------------------- 2. H. ranunculifolia. 1. Hemieva violacea (A. Gray) Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 71. 1896. Suksdorfia violacea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 42. 1879. Type Loca.itry: ‘Wet rocks of the Columbia River in Washington Territory, near the junction of the White Salmon River.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 68; April, 1878; April 29, 1882. According to Professor Greene there are specimens in the Britisk Museum collected by Douglas at Kettle Falls. 2. Hemieva ranunculifolia (Hook.) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 70. 1836. Sarifraga ranunculifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 246. pl. 83. 1833. Suksdorfia ranunculifolia Engler in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3°: 52, 1891. Type LocaLity: “On the high grounds around the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and on the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. RanaeE: British Columbia to North California and east to North Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2033; Goat Mountains, Allen 201; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 297; Howell in 1882; Klickitat River, Flett 1310; Stevens Pass, Sandberg c& Leiberg 791; Bridge Creek, Elmer in 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. aN. Am. Fl. 22: 123. 1905. 312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, SAXIFRAGA. SaAXIFRAGE. Stems producing perennial branches, these densely beset with small leaves. Leaves coriaceous and evergreen, entire. Filaments clavate; leaves spatulate, obtuse, not ciliate... 1. Filaments subulate; leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliate Leaves not coriaceous thin, 3 to 5-lobed or cleft. Calyx united only at base; leaves cleft .............. 3. S. cespitosa. Calyx united to the middle; leaves lobed.............. 4. S. adscendens. Stems not producing perennial leafy branches. Calyx campanulate; stems leafy; basal leaves crenate; cauline _ few, entire or 3-lobed 5. S. debilis. . tolmiei. . bronchialis. th |! Calyx rotate; leaves all or mostly basal. Leaves serrate or coarsely dentate. Petals dissimilar; leaves spatulate, serrate, short- petioled........ 22222222222 eee eee eee... 9. 8. bongardi. Petals similar; leaves cordate or reniform, coarsely toothed, long-petioled. Caudex bulbous; herbage somewhat glandular; leaves usually doubly dentate.................. 6. S. mertensiana. Caudex not bulbous; leaves glabrous, simply den- tate. Petals spatulate-obovate............22...-.. 7. S. odontophylla. Petals elliptic, not clawed_.............2.... 8. S. nelsoniana. Leaves entire or merely crenate, all basal. Leaves ovate or oblong, petioled, usually coarsely cre- nate. Leaves thick, subcoriaceous, red-tomentose beneath at least when young........-......22.-.-..1. 10. S. marshallii. Leaves not subcoriaceous, often thin, glabrous or nearly so. seeeee _— - -. 11. 8. californica. Leaves entire or nearly sO, oblong-spatulate to to ovate. Calyx lobes erect, shorter than the tube; petals wanting.....-... — Leese - 17. S. apetala. Calyx lobes spreading, about : as s long as 5 the tube; petals present. Petals not exceeding the calyx lobes. Petals obovate Petals narrowly oblong................. 13. Petals much longer than the calyx lobes. Stems 30 to 60 cm. tall; flowers 7 to 9 mm. broad; leaves without petioles. _. 14. S. oregana. Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; flowers smaller; leaves more or less distinctly petioled. Flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad; leaves el- liptic, villous and viscid above... .. . 15. S. integrifolic. Flowers 3.5 to 5 mm. broad; leaves usually broadly ovate; petals per- sistent.....-2.2...2.---.--.---.-.- 16. 8. fragosa. . plantaginea. . columbiana. — bo RA 1. Saxifraga tolmiei Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 567. 1840. Type Locarity: “Northwest coast.”’ Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade and Olympic Mountains. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 313 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2642; Mount Rainier, Allen 99; Smith in 1890; Piper 2038; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Flett 1317; Suksdorf in 1877; Bridge Creek, Elmer 635. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. The specific name of this plant in the original publication was spelled tolmaei, evidently a typographical error. 2. Saxifraga bronchialis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 400. 1753. Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 389. 1900. Sarifraga cognata EF. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 30: 118. 1900. Type Loca.ity: Siberia. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and New Mexico; also Siberia and Russia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2210; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1312; Whidby Island, Gardner 115; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2036 and August, 1888; Smith 348; Goat Mountains, Allen 197; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; between Colville and the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 11; Henderson, July, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 763; Loomis, Elmer 583; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4972. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. Two forms of this variable species occur in Washington, both with white flowers. The alpine form has acute or acuminate leaves, while the plant common on the cliffs along the Columbia River and in Island County has thinner obtuse or obtusish leaves and larger corymbs. Mr. Howell has referred the latter form to S. cherlerioides D. Don, with which, however, it is not identical. Smalla recognizes Saxifraga austromontana Wiegand as valid (Leptasea austromontana Small, loc. cit.) and describes the second form mentioned above as Leptasea vespertina. Sarifraga bronchialis L. as generally accepted is a polymorphic species and the above are, as we believe, mere subspecies at best. Intergrading forms occur. They may be desig- nated, however, Saxifraga bronchialis austromontana and S. bronchialis vespertina. The type of the latter is Lamb’s 1312. 3. Saxifraga cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 404. 1753. Type LocaLity: North European. RanGE: Subarctic regions, south to Quebec, Colorado, and Oregon. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2211; Elmer 2649; Flett 809; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 759; Elmer 1102; Goat Mountains, Allen 200; Mount Rainier, Flett 2176 258; Johns Island, Lawrence 194; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 343; Orcas Island, Hender- son, July, 1892; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Eatonville, Flett 2213. Two forms of this variable species occur in our limits, one high alpine, densely cespitose, the leaves with short obtuse lobes and obscure veins; the other from cliffs along the Colum- bia River and the San Juan Islands, with thinner prominently veined leaves and a taller looser habit. The latter approaches closely S. caespitosa lara Koch. The former is scarcely matched in European material. This has recently been proposed as a new species by Small 6 under the name Muscaria emarginata, the type being Elmer’s 2649. This plant is, however, much nearer to true S. cespitosa than the thin-leaved form. Both are mere sub- species in our judgment. 4. Saxifraga adscendens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 405. 1753. Type cocaity: “Habitat in Pyrenaeis, Baldo, Tauro Rastadiensi.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Washington, Colorado, and Hudson Bay. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baker, Flett 855. 5. Saxifraga debilis Engelm.; Porter & Coulter, Fl. Colo. 38. 1874. Tyre Locauiry: Colorado. aN. Am. Fl. 227: 153. 1905. bN. Am. FI. 227: 129. 1905. 314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen, August 20, 1895. 6. Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 141. 1832. Saxifraga heterantha Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 252. 1833. Type Locauity: “Sitcha,’’ Alaska. Rance: Alaska to Idaho and the Blue Mountains; north California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Himer 2643; Chehalis County, Lamb 1348; Cas~ cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Allen 17; Goat Mountains, Allen 241; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 14; rocks of the Columbia, Nuttall; Blue Mountains, Horner; Cape Disappointment, Scouler. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian, Smalle considers that two species have been confused under the above, which he dis- tinguishes as Heterisia mertensiana and H. eastwoodiae, the former with bulblets in the inflorescence, the latter without. Both occur in Washington, and careful field study is needed to determine if the character relied upon is really specific. 7. Saxifraga odontophylla sp. nov. Perennial by stout rootstocks, not bulbous, entirely glabrous up to the inflorescence; leaves all basal, reniform-orbicular, somewhat fleshy, coarsely and evenly dentate with 15 to 25 teeth, 2 to 8 cm. broad; petioles usually 2 to 3 times as long as the blade; scapes 10 to 40 em. high; inflorescence a loose, erect panicle, glandular; bracts linear, the lower more or less dentate or occasionally foliaceous; pedicels slender; calyx 5-parted, the lobes oval, obtuse, 2 mm. long, reflexed in anthesis; petals white, orbicular and unguiculate, longer than the calyx; filaments spatulate, acuminate; ovary free; capsules usually purple, somewhat inflated, 7 to 8 mm. long, cleft to the middle, the beaks becoming divaricate. This species has long passed in American herbaria as S. punctata L., a rare European species. Among American species it can only be confused with S. nelsoniana Don, which is a smaller plant with lobed rather than dentate leaves, pubescent stems and inflorescence, elliptical unclawed petals, and a more or less condensed flower cluster. S. odontophylla ranges from British Columbia to New Mexico and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2213; Elmer 2639; Mount Rainier, Piper 2025; Flett 236, 278; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Cascade Mountains above Stampede Tunnel, Henderson in 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 544; Wenache Moun- tains, Whited 255; Silverton, Bouck 72a; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 570 (type); Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 17, 1896; above Lake Chelan, Wilcox in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. The type is in the National Herbarium, sheet no. 289646. 8. Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 18: 355. 1822. Saxifraga punctata nelsoniana Engler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548. 1869. TYPE LocALity: Cape Newnham, Alaska. Rance; Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2214; Elmer 2640; Mount Rainier, Allen 16; Piper 2040; Smith, August, 1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Piper, July 7, 1895; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 716. The Lyall specimen is peculiar and is referred here with doubt. It has the leaves doubly dentate, scarcely cordate, pubescent on each side, perhaps viscid. It may be referable per- haps to S. mertensiana. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. aN. Am. Fl. 227: 156. 1905. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 315 9. Saxifraga bongardi Presl, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 528. 1869. Saxifraga stellaris brunoniana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 140. 1831, not Saxi- fraga brunnoniana Wall. Sarifraga leucanthemifolia brunoniana Engler, Monog. Sax. 135, 1872. Sarifraga notkana Moc.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 368. 1896. Tyre Locauity: “Sitka.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains and westward SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2644; Cascade Mountains, latituce 49 , Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2026, 446; Smith, August, 1889; Allen 49; Goat Mountains, Allen 199; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 542, 363; Klickitat River, Flett 1316; Silverton, Bouck 69; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 760; Skarhania County, Suksdorf 2500; Bridge Creek, Elmer 691; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 468; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 657. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Arctic. This species is allied to S. sfellaris I. and has often been thus referred. 10. Saxifraga marshallii Greene, Pittonia 1: 159. 1888. Savifraga occidentalis 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23; 264. 1888. Type Locauity: “On damp rocky hillsides, Hoopa Valley, Humboldt County, California.” Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2034*; Goat Mountains, Allen 242*; Wenache region, Brandegee 757*; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2212; Elmer 2646; lower Cascade Mountains, Skamania County, Suksdorf 967; White Salmon, Suksdorf 269; Goat Mountains, Allen, July 22, 1896; Mount Baker, Flett 857; Cape Horn, Piper 4969. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and in the Columbia Gap. The specimens marked with an asterisk agree with the type of S. occidentalis in having clavate filaments. The remaining specimens are very similar in all other respects but have subulate filaments. Watson included both forms in his original account of the species. If the filament character proves to be a real specific distinction, as may indeed be the case, we shall have two species of remarkable similarity. The form with subulate filaments is allied to S. nivalis L., under which name it has been distributed. The form from the Colum- bia Gap was referred in Hooker’s Flora to S. vernalis Willd., and in Suksdorf’s List to S. reflerca Hook. Besides the above specimens a few others have been examined, evidently closely allied to S. marshallii, but which we hesitate to refer there, namely: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1040; Admiralty Head, Oscar Piper; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. The whole group is in need of critical revision.@ 1In the recent treatment of Saxifraga by Small in the North American Flora five species are recognized under the generic name Micranthes in what I have here referred to S. marshallii. The following characters are relied upon to distinguish them: Filaments subulate..........-.--------------------------- M. rufidula Small. Filaments clavate or spatulate. ' Petals bimaculate..........----------------------+-+--- M. marshallii (Greene). Petals wholly white. Cymules permanently compact. Petals rounded at apex; species of northern Rocky Mountains ........------------------+------ M. occidentalis (S. Wats.). Petals notched at apex; species of the Northwest... M. allenti Small. Cymules lax and open. Petals notched at the apex.........--.--------- M. aequidentata Small. The value of the above characters will have to be determined by careful field study and larger series of material. M. rufidula Small is probably a valid species, and according to the above characters will include all of the specimens above not marked with an asterisk. It may be remarked that this embraces most of the specimens from the bluffs of the 316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 11. Saxifraga californica Greene, Pittonia 1: 286. 1889. TYPE Locauity: ‘‘Central parts of California in the Coast Range especially.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall; Fort Vancouver, Scouler. These two specimens are thus referred with much hesitancy. 12. Saxifraga plantaginea Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896. Type Locauity: Spokane, Washington. Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 13. Saxifraga columbiana Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 393. 1900. Type Locauiry: Pullman, Washington. Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 16; Pullman, Piper 1496, 1808; Elmer 126; Almota, Piper, May 27, 1893. ZONAL, DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The Sandberg & Leiberg collection was referred by Small to S. nidifica Greene. 14. Saxifraga oregana Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895. Type Locauity: ‘Mountain marshes of Oregon and Washington.” Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2488; Tacoma, Fett 81; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1729; Steilacoom, Piper, May, 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 15. Saxifraga integrifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 249. 1833. Type Locauity: “Near the mouth of the Columbia.” Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition; Roy, Allen 87; Tacoma, Flett 22, 60. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16. Saxifraga fragosa Suksdorf, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 363. 1896. Saxifraga claytoniaefolia Canby, Bull. Torr, Club 23: 365. 1896. Type Locaxity: ‘‘ Wet rocks near the Columbia River, W. Klickitat County, Washing- ton.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1728, 2201; Klickitat River, Flett 1305a, 1309, 1311; Ellensburg, Whited 319; Wenache Moun- tains, Whited 1040; Lake River, Clarke County, Suksdorf 2496, 2497; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Almota, Piper 1797, 2793; Elmer 139; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1179, 1311. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Columbia with thinner, nearly glabrous s leave es, thus approaching S. californica close ly, as well as the alpine plant with thick leaves red-tomentose beneath. The character relied upon to separate M. allenii and M. occidentalis does not seem valid. At least a duplicate type specimen in the National Herbarium has most of its petals entire at apex. It is very questionable, too, if the character upon which M. aequi- dentata is based will suffice to distinguish it from M. allenii. Differences in the compact- ness of the cyme are subject to the degree of maturity of the specimens and to the effects of altitude and exposure. @ Bull. Torr. Club 23: 366. 1896. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 317 17. Saxifraga apetala Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 393. 1900. Type Locauity: Eastern Washington. Collected by Vasey. Rance: Wenache Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 6, 1896; north branch of Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 1070; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1204. SAXIFRAGA PUNCTATA ACUTIDENTATA Engler, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Vienna 19: 548. 1869. Type locality: “South Clear Creek, Cascade Mts.’”” Collected by Lyall. Leaves deeply dentate, not cordate; petioles dilated above. It is quite probable that there is an error as to the above locality, as the Gray Herbarium specimen is labelled ‘‘ Rocky Mts., Lat. 49°’" The plant has not been found in the Cascade Mountains by any recent collector. TIARELLA. Leaves merely lobed.........-----.---------------- +--+ +--+ +--+ +--+ 1. T. unifoliata. Leaves trifoliolate. Leaflets coarsely dentate... ......-.-.-.-2--.-----2------------- 2. T. trifoliata. Leaflets deeply lobed or cleft...........------------------------- 3. T. laciniata. 1. Tiarella unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 238. pl. 87. 1833. Petalosteira unifoliata Rai. Fl. Tell. 2: 74. 1836. Tyre Locauity: “Height of land in the Rocky Mts. near the source of the Columbia, and at Portage River.”” Collected by Drummond. Rance: Alaska to Northern California, eastward to west. Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2031; along Nisqually River, Allen 188; Silverton, Bouck 70; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson 134; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 120, 121; Stevens Pass, Whited 1452; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 673; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 466; Elmer 724; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 186; Usk, Kreager 371. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 2. Tiarella trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 406. 1753. Tiarella stenopetala Presl, Rel. Haenk, 2: 55. 1835, Blondia trifoliata Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Asia boreali.” RaNnGeE: Oregon to Alaska and northeast Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2775; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 86; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Steilacoom, Cooper in 1854; Skoko- mish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 8; Roy, Allen 104; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 121; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 5a, 71; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Tiarella laciniata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pl. 77. 1833. Petalosteira laciniata Raf. F]. Tell. 2: 74. 1836. Tiarella trifoliata laciniata Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 72. 1896. Type Locauity: ‘North-West coast of America.”’ Collected by Menzies. RanGe: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Cascades, Skamania County, Suksdorf 856 in part; Mount Constitution, Flett 2735. TELLIMA. Petals sessile, pinnately parted ...............--------------------- 1. T. grandiflora Petals clawed, palmately cleft. Calyx obconic; petals 3-cleft.............--------------------- 2. T. parviflora. Calyx campanulate; petals 3 to 7-cleft.............------------- 3. T. tenella. 318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Tellima grandiflora (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1178. 1828. Mitella grandiflora Pursh, Fl. 1: 314. 1814. Tiarella alternifolia Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830. Type Locauity: “On the northwest coast.’’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Southern California, west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3862; Clallam County, Elmer 2645; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Smith 88; Tacoma, Flett 61; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 7; Silverton, Bouck 73; Roy, Allen 102, May 19, 1889; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 12; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 467; Elmer 743; Cape Horn, Piper 4973. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Tellima parviflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 239. pl. 78. 1833. Lithophragma parviflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840. Mitella parviflora Dietr. Syn. 2: 539. 1840. Type Locatiry: “North California ’’ Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Oreas Island, Lyall in 1858; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Wenache, Whited 1017; West Seattle, Piper 89; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton, 333; White Salmon, Suksdorf 273; Spokane, Henderson, May, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 32; Fort Colville, Zyadl in 1861; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Pullman, Elmer 171; Piper, May, 1893; Hull, May, 1892; Walla Walla, Leckenby, April, 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Tellima tenella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 371. 1843. Lithophragma tenella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 584. 1840. Type Locauity: ‘In the central range of the Rocky Mountains, on the banks of the Big Sandy and Siskadee rivers of the Colorado of the West, about lat. 42°.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, southward to south California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 761, Wenache, Whited 1017; Ellensburg, Whited 261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2724: White Salmon, Suksdorf 272; Klickitat River, Flett 1307; Pullman, Elmer 80; Wawawai, Piper, May, 1893, Clarkston, Hunter 2. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Rydberg @ regards our plant as a distinct species under the name Lithophragma bulbi- fera, stating that it differs from its immediate allies in being bulbiferous in the leaf axils and in having fimbriate instead of entire sepals. TELLIMA GLABRA Steud. (Lithophragma glabra Nutt.c), found by Nuttall in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, is said by Rydberg to differ from 7’. tenella, which is known only from the Rocky Mountains, in having muriculate seeds and pedicels larger than the cap- sules. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. 1. Chrysosplenium scouleri (Hook.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 23: 277. 1897. hrysosplenium oppositifolium scouleri Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 242. 1834. Chrysosplenvum glechomaefolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 589. 1840. Type Locauity: ‘Columbia River on the North West coast.”’ Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1044; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 150; Nisqually River, //lett 92; Mashel Mountain, Piper 2029, 748; Columbia River, Nuttall; without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco, Piper 4992; Quinault, Conard 131. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. aN. Am. Fl. 227: 86. 1906. ¢ Torr. & Gr. FI]. 1: 584. 1840. b Nom. ed. 2. 2: 665. 1841. dN. Am. FI. 227: 84, 85. 1906. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 319 MITELLA. Stamens opposite the pinnatifid green petals .........--.----------- 1. M. pentandra. Stamens alternating with the petals. Calyx green; petals pinnatifid. Stems bearing 1 to 3 leaves; stoloniferous.................- 2. M. caulescens. Stems leafless; not stoloniferous. Leaves broadly reniform-cordate.........-.----------- 3. M. brewerr. Leaves ovate......-.-.------------+------- ee ee ee eee 4. M. ovalis. Calyx white; petals trifid or entire. Petals entire; calyx-lobes obtuse... ........2.2.---- Leeeee 5. M. micrantha. Petals 3-cleft or 3-parted. Raceme secund; petals 3-parted with filiform divaricate lobes ...-.-.-2-2----2-2------------2-- 22-22-2222 2 ee 6. M. stauropetala. Raceme not secund; petals cuneate, 3-cleft at apex, the lobes not divaricate. Calyx-lobes obtuse; leaf lobes rounded. ..........- 7. M. trifida. Calyx-lobes acute; leaves angularly lobed.......... 8, M. diversifolia. 1. Mitella pentandra Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2933. 1829. Drummondia mitelloides DC. Prod. 4: 50. 1830. Mitellopsis drummondii Meisn. Pl. Vase. Gen. 1: 100. 1836. Type Loca.ity: ‘Rocky Mountains of North America.’”’ Type specimen raised from seed collected by Drummond. . Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Henderson, July 11, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2028; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 5; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893, 567; Stevens Pass, Piper, July, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 165; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Horner 122; Piper 2410. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. Rydberg considers that two species have been confused under M. pentandra, desig- nating them as Pectiantia pentandra and P. latiflora Rydberg. The somewhat larger flowers and hairy petioles of the latter are considered diagnostic, but we find all interme- diates in the size of the flowers and also find hairy petioles on small-flowered plants. Both extremes as to the size of the flowers occur in the Cascade Mountains. 2. Mitella caulescens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 586. 1840. Mitellastra caulescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 201. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Shady woods of the Oregon near the mouth of the Wahlamet.” Col- lected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and north Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 90; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 9; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 365; woods of the Columbia, Nuttall; lower Frazer River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Carlton, Areager 203. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Mitella breweri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 533. 1865. Type Locauity: “Mount Hoffman, in a damp place at about 11,000 feet altitude”’, California. Collected by Brewer. Rance: California to British Columbia and north Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1347; Mount Rainier, Piper 2030; Allen 48; Flett 303; Goat Mountains, Allen 86; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf 364; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 661. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. aN. Am. Fl. 227: 86. 1906. 320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Mitella ovalis Greene, Pittonia 1: 32. 1887. Mitella halliit Howell, Erythea 3: 33. 1895. Tyre Locauity: Mendocino County, California. Rance: Washington to north California near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1056; Quinault, Conard 225. 5. Mitella micrantha Piper, Erythea 7: 162. 1899. Tyre LocaLity: Fort Colville, Washington. Collected by Watson. RanGE: Known only by the type specimen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Watson 135. 6. Mitella stauropetala Piper, Erythea 7: 161. 1899. Type Loca.ity: Craig Mountains, Nez Perce County, Idaho. Rance: Idaho. Common near the Washington line and to be expected on Kamiak Butte and in the Blue Mountains. 7. Mitella trifida Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 7: 185. 1829. Mitellopsis hooker: Meisn. Pl. Vase. Gen. 1: 100. 1836. TYPE LocaLity: Type raised from seeds presented by Mr. Drummond “after the return of the last overland journey to the arctic coast of America.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 83; Mount Rainier, Allen 7; Goat Mountains, Allen 195; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 815; Mount Baker, Flett 858; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 122; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1281. Rydberg @ separates the Cascade and Olympic Mountain plant from that of the Rocky Mountains as Ozomelis pacifica. The distinction relied upon is the slightly larger size of the calyx and corolla. 8. Mitella diversifolia Greene, Pittonia 1: 32. 1887. Mitella diversiloba Greene; Piper, Erythea 7: 162. 1899, err. typ. Type Locatity: “From the same region as the preceding,” i. e. “summit of Trinity Mountains, California.’”’ Collected by C. C. Marshall. Rance; North California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon River, Suksdorf 13. HEUCHERA. Stamens exserted; flowers in loose panicles. Leaf lobes triangular, acute; herbage glabrous........... 1. H. glabra. Leaf lobes rounded; herbage pubescent, at least the under leaf surface. 22.22.2202 ..0.00. 2222-22220 22-222 ee 2. H. micrantha. Stamens included. Flowers in a loose raceme.........-.-.-.------------- 3. H. racemosa. Flowers in a spike or spike-like panicle. Yalyx white; leaves subcoriaceous, glabrous. Stems and petioles glabrous. ..............-.- 4. H. glabella. Stems and petioles villous.............2...... 4a. H. glabella columhiana. Calyx green, leaves not subcoriaceous. Leaves thin, glabrous. ........-.-.-....-.... 7. H. tenuifolia. Leaves thickish, not glabrous. Pubescence villous or hirsute........-...- 5. H. cylindrica. Pubescence glandular. Spike 2 to 4 em. long...... 2.2.22... 6. H. ovalifolia. Spike less than 2 cm. long. .........- 6a. H. ovalifolia alpina. aN. Am. FI. 227; 95. 1906. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 321 1. Heuchera glabra Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. 6: 216. 1820. Heuchera divaricata Fisch.; Ser. in DC. Prod. 4: 51. 1830. Tiarella colorans Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 7: 349. 1829, Tyre LocaLiry: Western North America. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Smith, August, 1890; Piper 2027, 548; Goat Mountains, Allen 194; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1377; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 546; Skamania County, Suksdorf 968; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 485; Bridge Creek, Elmer 674. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Heuchera micrantha Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1302. 1829. Heuchera barbarossa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 56. 1835. Type Locatiry: ‘“Mountainous woods, near the Grand Rapids [Cascades] of the Colum- bia.’’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to north Idaho and California. Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2651; Snoqualmie, Parker, August, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 10; Silverton, Bouck 71a: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 485; Columbia River, Barclay; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1874; Union City, Piper in 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. Two forms occur, one with the petioles very villous, the other having them nearly glabrous, The former seems to be the typical HW. micrantha Dougl., but Rydberg @ has recently con- sidered it a distinct species, naming it 7. nuttallii. 3. Heuchera racemosa 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 365, 1885. Tellima racemosa Greene, Erythea 3:55, 1896. Type Locauity: “On cliffs of Mt. Adams, Wash., at 7-8000 ft. altitude.” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2215, 913; Clallam County, Elmer 2641: Mount Rainier, Piper 2032; Allen 196; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July, 1883; Hender- son 2490: mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 765; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 662; Bridge Creek, Elmer 689. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species forms the type of the genus Elmera proposed by Rydberg.? 4. Heuchera glabella Torr. & Gr. FI]. 1: 581, 1540. Heuchera cylindrica glabella Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 203. 1890. Type Locauty: “Rocky Mountains towards Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Eastern Oregon to Montana and northward into British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 299 , Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1497; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 71; Chelan Butte, Cotton 188. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4a. Heuchera glabella columbiana (Rydberg). Heuchera columbiana Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 22?: 116. 1905. Type LocALity: “Near Swan Lake, Washington.”” Swan Lake iserroneous, the locality being Loon Lake, Stevens County. Differs from H. glabella principally in the hirsute stems and petioles. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clarks Springs, Beattie & Chapman 2019; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Ellensburg, E7mer 419; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1134. aN. Am. Fl. 22?:103. 1906. bN. Am. FI. 22?:116. 1906. 29418—06 mM——-21 ; 322 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, } 5. Heuchera cylindrica Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 236. 1833. Type Loca.iry: “On the declivities of low hills, and on the steep banks of streams on the west side of the Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to southern Oregon and east to north Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4067; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 123; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 1739; Vancouver, Piper 4944, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Heuchera ovalifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 581. 1840. TypE Loca.ity: “Blue Mountains, Oregon, on rocks.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer, August, 18982; Wenache Mountains, Whited 3; Leavenworth, Savage 26; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson 2492; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896; north fork of Columbia River, Wilkes Expedition. 6a. Heuchera ovalifolia alpina (S. Wats.) Heuchera cylindrica alpina S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 96. 1871. Tyre Locaity: ‘Clover Mountains, Nevada; 11000 feet altitude.” Rance: British Columbia to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2491; Suksdorf 14; Wenache Moun- Sains, Elmer, July, 1897. This seems to be merely a reduced alpine state of H. ovalifolia Nutt. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 7. Heuchera tenuifolia (Wheelock) Rydberg, N. Am. Fl. 22?:116. 1905. Heuchera cylindrica tenuifolia Wheelock, Bull. Torr. Club 17: 204. 1890. Type LocaLity: Near the Dalles, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, J. Howell, June, 1879; Major Creek, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 857, Heucuera suksporrit Rydberg, N. Am. FI. 22?: 116. 1906. Type locality: Faleon Valley. Collected by Suksdorf. This is closely related to H. ovalifolia Nutt., but is said to differ in having the leaves deeply lobed and the teeth broadly ovate. LEPTAXIS. 1. Leptaxis menziesii (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 75. 1836. Tiarella menziesii Pursh, F]. 1: 313. 1814. Heuchera menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 237. pl. 80. 1833. . Tolmiea menziesii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 582. 1840. Type Loca.iry: “On the northwest coast.”” Collected by Menzies. RanGe: Alaska to Mendocino County, California, west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3851; Clallam County, Elmer 2776; Hoquiam, Lamb 1054; Seattle, Piper 92; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 6; Silverton, Bouck 74; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Port Ludlow, Binns; Roy, Allen 78. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. PARNASSIA. 1. Parnassia fimbriata Konig, Ann. Bot. 1: 391. 1805. TypE Locatity: “On the coast of northwest America.” Colleeted by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 323 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains 2208; Mount Rainier, Piper 2037; Allen 282; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Whited 1430; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Bridge Creek, Elmer 673. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. GROSSULARIACEAE. Currant Faminy. RIBES. Currant. GoosEBERRY. Stems usually armed with spines and frequently with prickles; leaves plicate in the bud. Peduncles 1 to 4-flowered; calyx tube campanulate or cylindric. Flowers about 2 em. long, dark purple; berries warty, gland- ular... 222222222 ee ee eee ee eee ee 1. R. lobbii. Flowers much smaller, greenish or purple or white. Berries prickly....... 2-2... -.----------+----------- 2, R, watsonianum. Berries smooth. Calyx lobes longer than the tube; stamens decid- edly longer than the whole calyx. Flowers white; calyx lobes narrow........-. 3. R. niveum. Flowers greenish or purplish; calyx lobes broader... 2.222222 +2 eee eee eee ee ee ee eee 4, R, divaricatum. Calyx lobes equaling or shorter than the tube, Stamens scarcely longer than the whole calyx; flowers greenish; prickles often wanting... 5, R. inerme. Stamens decidedly shorter than the whole calyx. Lobes equaling the campanulate tube... 6. R. irriguum. Lobes shorter than the cylindric tube... 7. R, cognatum. Peduncles nodding; flowers rather numerous in a raceme; calyx tube saucer-shaped; berries glandular. Leaves glabrous or nearly so; berries black. ......-.-.-. - 8. R, lacustre. Leaves pubescent or glandular; berries red............... 9. R. lentum, Stems not thorny or prickly. Leaves convolute in the bud; flowers yellow; calyx-tube long cylindric... 2.2.2.2 22-22-2222 222 eee eee eee ee 18. R. aureum., Leaves plicate in the bud; flowers green, white or red. Calyx tube rotate. Berries red, smooth... .......-.-.----------------- 14. R. ciliosum. Berries black, glandular. Flowers white.........-...-...-.--- beeen eneee 13. BR. petiolare. Flowers greenish. Racemes erect or ascending. Glands sessile... 2.2.2... -.----------- 10. R. bracteosum. Glands stalked. ...2.-2-2-2------------ 11. R, laxiflorum. Racemes pendent.............-..-.------- 12. R. howellit. Calyx tube cylindric or campanulate. Flowers red; raceme drooping, many-flowered..__ . - - 15. R. sanguineum. Flowers white or greenish; inflorescence few-flowered. Berries red or orange, glabrous or slightly glandu- lar; leaves resinous-dotted; raceme drooping... 16. R. cereum. Berries black, glandular; leaves viscid-pubescent ; inflorescence corymbose..........-0+++-+2-.. 17. R.viscosissimum, 1. Ribes lobbii A. Gray, Am. Nat. 10: 274. 1876. Type Locaity: ‘‘ Vancouver Island.” Collected by Wood. Rance: Vancouver Island to North California west of the Cascade Mountains. 324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2655; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 28; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 17. PI quails 5 y; A ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Ribes watsonianum Koehne, Deutsche Dendr. 197. 1893. Ribes ambiguum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883, not Maxim. 1874. TypE Locatity: “Im Washingtongebiet.” Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Siksdorf 18, 337, 54; Wenache region, Brandegee 770; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 3. Ribes niveum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: pl. 1692. 1835. Ribes triflorum Willd. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 230. 1831. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘ North-west America.”’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: Idaho and adjacent Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1887; Wawawai, /lmer 90. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Ribes divaricatum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 515. 1830. Type Loca.ity: “‘ Northwest coast of North America from the 45° to the 52° N. Lat.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to southern California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3921; Hoquiam, Lamb 1005; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Seattle, Piper in 1897; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns; Puget Sound, Brandegee in 1885; Seattle, E'ngelman & Sargent in 1880; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 69; Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Ribes inerme Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 202. 1900. Type Locauitry: ‘‘Slough Creek,’’ Montana. RanGe: Rocky Mountains from Montana to New Mexico and westward to the Sierras and Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Whited 288; Pullman, Piper 1801, 3588; Elmer 87, 1256; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chewaukum, Whited 2545. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Ribes irriguum Doug]. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. 7: 576. 1830. Ribes leucoderme Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24:93. 1897. TypE Locauiry: “On the Blue Mts. in latitude 46° 33’, very common;” “also on hills on the banks of the Spokane River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2262, 2284: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper 2433; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 459; Mount Carlton, Kreager 215. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Ribes cognatum Greene, Pittonia 3: 115. 1896. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ River banks at Pendleton,’’ Oregon. Collected by Howell. RanGeE: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 772; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 150; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson; Union Flat Creek, Piper 1810, 2628, 3565, 3566; Elmer 116; Almota, Piper 2627; Wawawai, Piper 1501. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 2: 856. 1811. Ribes echinatum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 517. 1830. Type Locaity: Lake Mistassini, Canada. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 325 Rance: Labrador and New England to Alaska, and south to central California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, [Henderson 321; Elmer 2656; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 29; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 19; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1257; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1243; Wenache region, Brandegee 771; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 645; Blue Mountains, Piper 2423, August, 1896; Lake & Hull, July, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 9. Ribes lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose, Proc. Biol. Soe Wash. 15: 28. 1902. Ribes lacustre molle A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 206, L880. Ribes lacustre lentum Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 681. 1895. Ribes molle Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 209. 1898, not Poepp. 1858. Ribes nubigenum McClatchie, Erythea 2: 80. 1894, not Phil. 1856. Ribes montigenum McClatchie, Erythea 5: 38. 1897. Type Locauity: Utah. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, /Tenderson 2489; Klickitat River, Flett 1318. 10. Ribes bracteosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 233. 1831. STINK CURRANT. Type Locauity: “At the confluence of the Columbia with the ocean.’’? Collected by Scouler and by Douglas. Rance: Alaska to north California, west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1011; Montesano, Heller 3912; Seattle, Piper 96; Silverton, Bouck 65; Clallam County, Elmer 2652; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 124; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 124; Nisqually valley, Allen 27; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 728; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 861; without locality, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. 11. Ribes laxiflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 731. 1814. Ribes affine Dougl.; Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 138. 1832. Type Locauiry: “On the northwest coast.’’? Collected by Menzies. RanaceE: Alaska to Oregon, near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: [lead of Duckaboose River, Olympic Mountains, Piper 2206; Chehalis County, Lamb 1064a; head of Twisp River, Whited 221; without locality, Cooper; Tlwaco, Piper 4954. ; ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 12. Ribes howellii Greene, Erythea 4: 57. 1896. Ribes acerifolium Howell, Erythea 3: 34. 1895, not Koch. 1869. Ribes lariflorum Pursh, err. det. Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 208. 1898. Type LocaLity: On Mount Hood, Oregon. Rance: Mount Hood, Oregon, northward into British Columbia in the mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2207; Elmer 2657; Sargent. August 18, 1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2035, August, 1888; Sargent, August 18, 1896; Goat Moun- tains, Allen 70; Klickitat River, Flett 1308, 13820; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 669; Bridge Creek, Elmer 666; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 634, 367. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 13. Ribes petiolare Doug]. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 514. 1830. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘On the western base of the Rocky Mts. from the 48° to the 52° N. Lat.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to western Montana and northern Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 769; Wenache, Whited, May, 1896; near Ellensburg, Piper 2626; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879; Mount Stuart, Sand- berg & Leiberg 566; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; along Salmon River, Horner 296; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1318. 326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species has been confused with Ribes hudsonianum Richards., which is not known west of the Rocky Mountains. 14. Ribes ciliosum Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 208. 1898. Ribes migratorium Suksdorf, Deutsche Bot. Monatss. 18: 86. 1900. Tyre Locatity: ‘‘Marshy ground about the base of Mt. Ilood on the south side,” Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 969; Klickitat River, Flett 1320; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 15. Ribes sanguineum Pursh, Fl. 1: 164. 1814. RED FLOWERING CURRANT. Tyre vocauity: ‘‘On the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Lewis. The exact locality was near Deer Island. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2658, 2654; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 97; Lake Washington, E'ngelman & Sargent, July 16, 1880; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, 1898; Tacoma, Fett 69; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 80; Port Ludlow, Binns; Silverton, Bouck 66; Columbia River, Douglas in 1833; without locality, Cooper; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 462. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Humid Transition. The color of the flowers of this species varies from very dark to very pale crimson. Ovcca- sional specimens are white-flowered. 16. Ribes cereum Dougl. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. 7: 512. 1880. Ribes reniforme Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 21. 1834. Type LocaLity: On ‘‘the river Columbia from the Great Falls 45° 46’ 17” N. Lat. to the source of that stream in the Rocky Mts.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to New Mexico and South Dakota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2625; Mount Adams Suksdorf, September, 1877; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 442; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 324; upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; White Bluffs, Lake & Hull 461; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Lei- berg 93; Coulee City, Henderson, July, 1892; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal & Heller, April 20, 1892; Heller 2936; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; near Almota, Piper, April, 1894, June, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DisTRipuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 17. Ribes viscosissimum Pursh, Fl. 1: 1638. 1814. Type Locauiry: ‘‘On the Rocky Mountains in the interior of North America.” Col- lected by Lewis. The exact locality is on the Lolo Trail, Bitterroot Mountains, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twisp River, Whited 181, and July, 1896; Klickitat River, Mlett 1306; Conconully, Whited 1323; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 684; Spokane, Sand- berg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Sargent, July 3, 1896; with- out locality, Brandegee in 1883; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 251; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1278. ZONAL pDIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 18. Ribes aureum Pursh, Fl. 1: 164. 1814. GOLDEN CURRANT. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the rivers Missouri and Columbia.’’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: Washington to Montana and southward to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 22; 1349; Ellensburg, Piper in 1897; Naches River, Henderson in 1892; Douglas County, Spillman in 1896; North Yakima, /’lett in PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 327 1027; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 320; Spokane, Heller 2939; Dewart, May 3, 1901; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 301; Hangman Creek, Sand- berg & Leiberg 21; Clarks Springs, Areager 64; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 20; Union Flat, Piper in 1897; Almota, Piper 1886; Lake & [Tull 460. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The fruit of this plant in Washington is commonly yellow, but near Ellensburg forms with yellow, red, and black fruits occur growing together. Excepting for this character they appear indistinguishable. HYDRANGEACEAE. IH yprancea Faminy. Shrub low, spreading or trailing; stamens 10 to 12 or sometimes fewer; ovule and seed solitary in each carpel.....-.----------------------- WuIPPLEA. Shrub erect; stamens many; ovules and seeds numerous in each carpel.. PHILADELPHUs. WHIPPLEA. 1. Whipplea modesta Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 90. pl. 7. 1857. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Redwoods, California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb. PHILADELPHUS. Leaves pubescent only on the nerves beneath, entire or denticulate ; styles united for half their length, rarely for more...-..----------- 1. P. lewisii. Leaves pubescent all over beneath, usually dentate; styles united for two-thirds their length.........-.-.-------- +--+ +--+ +--+ 25-2 sree 2. P. gordonianus. 1. Philadelphus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1: 329. 1814. SYRINGA. Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to type. Type Locatity: ‘‘On the waters of Clark’s River.” Collected by Lewis, July 4, 1806. On this date Lewis, according to Coues, was on ‘‘Hellgate River, between Missoula, Montana, and the mouth of the Big Blackfoot River, Montana.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon from the Cascade Mountains eastward to Montana and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 143; Ellensburg, Elmer 380; Yakima region, Brandegee; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 452; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 465; Grand Coulee, McKay 17; Spokane, Piper, September 1, 1899; Spangle, Suksdorf 300; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; Sargent in 1896; Colfax, Piper; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 464; Piper 3828; Tum Tum Mountain, Allen 221; Cape Horn, Piper 5030. ZONAL bistripuTion: Arid Transition. 2. Philadelphus gordonianus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 21. 1838. SYRINGA. Philadelphus confusus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 225. 1902, as to most specimens cited. Type tocauity: “Along the banks of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to North California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Satsop, Heller 4023; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 113; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2100; Devils Head, Flett 2101; without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Sargent & Englemann in 1880; Crescent Lake, Sargent in 1896; Cape Horn, Piper 5031. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Humid Transition. The types of gordonianus and lewisii are the same as to style character. Relying upon this as a better character than leaf pubescence, I proposed P. confusus. Upon further study. however, I am convinced that the leaf characters, including pubescence, separate the two species more truly than does the style character. 328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Rydberg, in his recent treatment of the genus in the North American Flora, recognizes 6 species in this group. The characters relied upon, however, are not at all convincing. P. confusus Piper is considered a valid species; P. columbianus Koehnea supposed to be from British Columbia, is identified with specimens here referred to P. gordonianus; and P. angustifolius Rydberg? is described from specimens collected at ‘Palace Camp” on the Willis trail to Mount Rainier. ROSACEAE. Rose Faminy. Carpels few, in fruit becoming 2 to several-seeded follicles or capsules; shrubs. Leaves palmately lobed; pods 2-valved...........-.-.-.-.- OpPuLasTer (p. 329). Leaves not palmately lobed. Stamens united at base; leaves twice or thrice palmately 3-cleft; flowers racemose . __...- ee eee ee eee Lurkea (p. 329). Stamens not united at base; flowers in panicles or corymbs. Stamineal disk adherent, entire; ovules 2......... . Scuizonotus (p. 330). Stamineal disk free at the edge, not entire; ovules several. Shrubs with simple leaves; flowers perfect... . - SPIRAEA (p. 330). Herbs with compound leaves; flowers dioecious. ArUNCUS (p. 332). Carpels few to many, becoming akenes or drupelets in fruit. Fruit consisting of druplets, usually united .....2. 2.2.22... Rubus (p. 332). Fruit consisting of akenes. Akenes in fruit inclosed in the more or less enlarged tur- binate or campanulate receptacle. Receptacle cup-shaped and fleshy in fruit; prickly shrubs with pinnate leaves......-.2...2.22-.--- Rosa (p. 334). Receptacle dry in fruit; herbs. Petals yellow; calyx prickly. ...-... 2.2.22... AGRIMONIA (p. 335). Petals none; calyx not prickly. Leaves palmately lobed; flowers axillary... ALCHEMILLA (p. 335). Leaves pinnate; flowers spicate........... SANGUISORBA (p. 335). Akenes in fruit on a plane or merely concave receptacle. Herbs. Styles deciduous, naked, terminal or lateral. Styles terminal. Stamens inserted near the base of the receptacle cup on an annular thicken- ing; flowers yellow ............-.- POTENTILLA (p. 336). Stamens inserted well up in the recep- tacle cup; no annular thickening... Horkevta (p. 339). Styles lateral. Carpels hairy; shrubs... ..........-.- DasipHora (p. 341). Carpels glabrous; herbs. Stamens 5; carpels 10 to 15; leaves trifoliolate ... 2.2... .2...22.- SIBBALDIA (p. 340). Stamens 20; carpels numerous. Leaves trifoliolate; receptacle fleshy in fruit; petals white. FraGarta (p. 340). Leaves pinnate; receptacle not fleshy. aGartenflora 1896: 542, 1896. oN. Am. FI. 227: 166. 1905. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 329 Flowers dark purple; re- ceptacle spongy. .-..-.- - CoMARUM (p. 341). Flowers yellow; receptacle dry. Plant — stoloniferous; flowers solitary... - ARGENTINA (p. 341), Plant not stolonifer- ous; flowers cymose. DrYMOCALLIS (p. 342). Styles persistent, terminal, mostly plumose or geni- culate. Calyx lobes and petals 8 or 9............... Dryas (p. 343). Calyx lobes and petals 5. Styles jointed, the upper part deciduous... GruM (p. 343). Styles not jointed, plumose or naked.... SrEvERsIA (p. 344). Shrubs or trees. Styles very long and plumose in fruit; petals none. Cercocarpus (p. 345) Styles short, naked; petals yellow. ...-. 2... -.- Kunzia (p. 345). OPULASTER. NINeEBARK. Carpels pubescent, not exceeding the calyx....... 2... 22-2-.-.-2----- 1. O. pauciflorus. Capsules glabrous, much exceeding the calyx..............-2--------- 2. O. opulifolius. 1. Opulaster pauciflorus (Torr. & Gr.) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898. Spiraea opulifolia pauciflora Torr. & Gr. FJ. 1: 414. 1840. Neillia malvacea Greene, Pittonia 2: 30. 1889. Opulaster malvaceus Greene, Erythea 2: 194. 1895. Physocarpus pauciflorus Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 94. 1901. Type Locauity: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia‘to Utah and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyal/ in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2693; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 102; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3088, 3557; Elmer 808; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 16, 1896; Clarks Springs, Areager 35: Spokane, Kreager 625. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 989. 1891. Spiraea opulifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 489. 1753. Neillia opulifolia Benth. & Hook.; Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 171. 1876. Physocarpa opulifolia Raf. New Fl. 3:73. 1836. Spiraea capitata Pursh, Fl. 1: 342. 1814. Type Lcocauiry: “In Virginia, Canada.” Rance: Canada to Georgia and Kentucky; British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, E/mer 2520; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Coupeville, Gardner 99; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Montesano, Heller 3858; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Chehalis County, Lamb 1154; Silverton, Bouck 46; Manor, Piper 3074; Roslyn, Whited 459; Klickitat River, Flett 1330; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. LUTKEA. 1. Lutkea pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 217. 1891. Lutkea sibbaldioides Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 130. 1833. Saxifraga pectinata Pursh, Fl. 1: 312. 1814. Eriogynia pectinata Hook. FI. Bor, Am. 1: 255. pl. 88. 1834. Type Locaity: ‘‘ Northwest coast.’’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Mount Shasta and the Blue Mountains. 330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 1992; Elmer 2531; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 51; Mount Rainier, Allen 122; Piper 2041; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf, September, 1877; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 491; between Cascade Mountains and Colville, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 655; Bridge Creek, Elmer 639; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. SCHIZONOTUS. 1. Schizonotus discolor (Pursh) Raf. New FI. 3: 75. 1836. OCEAN SPRAY. Holddiseus discolor Maxim. Act. Hort. Petrop. 6: 254. 1879. Spiraea discolor Pursh, Fl. 1: 342. 1814. Spiraea ariaefolia Smith, Rees Cycl. 33: no. 16. 1816, Type Locauiry: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky.’’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2522; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 64; Port Ludlow, Binns; near Satsop, Heller 4025; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 2; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 478; Wenache, Whited 1176; Ellensburg, Whited 543; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 466; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 708; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 512; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Clarks Springs, Areager 78; Mount Carlton, Areager 261. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, rarely Upper Sonoran. SPIRAEA. Low depressed shrubs with entire leaves. Calyx lobes acute; leaves canescent............-.............-.. 1. S. cinerascens. Calyx lobes obtuse; leaves glabrous ....... 2.2.22 2.0.0222-0222--- 2. 8. hendersonii. Taller shrubs with serrate or incised leaves. Inflorescence pyramidal. Leaves tomentose beneath; flowers red...........-.-.-.----- 3. 8S. douglasii. Leaves glabrous beneath. Flowers red_.......--- 22-22-2222 22-2 eee ee eee ee eee 4. S. menziesii. Flowers white...............-.-...-.-.------.-.---.-.. oS. pyramidata. Inflorescence flat-topped. Flowers red, crowded..........-.---.-.2--- 2-220-222-2202 6. S. densiflora. Flowers white, looser..........2.2..2-2..---.-.----- beeen 7. S. corymbosa. 1. Spiraea cinerascens Piper, Erythea 7: 171. 1899. Type Locauiry: “On bluffs of the Columbia River, Wash., 12 miles south of Chelan, in erevices of basaltic rock.’” Collected by Elmer. RanGE: Known only from the type collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan County, Hlmer 910. 2. Spiraea hendersoni (Canby) Piper, Erythea 7: 171, 172. 1899. Lutkea hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 219. 1892. Eriogynia hendersoni Canby, Bot. Gaz. 16: 236. 1891. Type LocaLiry: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 910, 1991; Elmer 2517; Henderson 1874; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1374; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 344. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Spiraea douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 172. 1830. Type Loca.ity: ‘North West coast of America about the Columbia and the Straits of De Fuca.”’ Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 331 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2523; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Shoalwater Bay, J. G. Cooper in 1854: Seattle, Smith 62; Piper, August, 1892; Tacoma, Fett 899; Woodlawn, /enderson, June, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Spiraea menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:73. 1830. Spiraea douglasii menziesii Presl, Epimel. Bot. 195. 1849. Tyre Locatity: “North West coast of America.’’ Collected by Menzies. Ranae: Alaska to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4004; Chehalis River, Lamb 1241; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 1; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, July, 1892; Ellensburg, Eimer 399; Whited 490; Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31, 1900: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 787; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 511; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 512: Columbia River, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Palouse City, Cloud, June, 1895: without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Areager 193; Lake Chelan, Cotton S44. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Arid Transition. 5. Spiraea pyramidata Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892. Type Locauity: Clealum, Washington. Collected by Greene. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 115; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 514; Ellensburg, Elmer 411; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 463; Lake Keechelus, Piper 1112; near Leavenworth, Whited 188; Kittitas County, Henderson 2325; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 6. Spiraea densiflora Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 414. 1840. Spiraea betulaefolia rosea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 381. 1872. Spiraea arbuscula Greene, Erythea 3:63. 1895. Type LocaLity: Blue Mountains, Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Amer 2514; Hender- son 245: Mount Rainier, Piper 1993; Allen 57; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 510; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 712; Bridge Creek, Elmer 656. ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Prec. Dec. 36. 1814. Spiraea lucida Dougl.; Greene, Pittonia 2: 221. 1892. Type Locauity: “En Virginie.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and the Black Hills; also Kentucky and New Jersey to Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; Tieton River, Cotton 456; Roslyn, Whited 463; Wenache, Whited 188, 1184; Fort Vancouver, T'olmie; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 599; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1522; Hull, May, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake 509; Clarks Springs, Kreager 72; Vancouver, Piper 4941; Lake Chelan, Cotton 223. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. In Cooper’s Report this species was referred to S. betudaefolia Pallas. 332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ARUNCUS. 1. Aruncus aruncus (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 779. 1880-83. GOATSBEARD. Spiraea aruncus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 490. 1753. Aruncus sylvester Kostel. Ind. Hort. Prag. 15. 1844. Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Austriae, Alvorniae montanis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Oregon and in the Eastern States from lowa to Pennsylvania and southward. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2527; Silverton, Bouck 50; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 561; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, August 7, 1886; Yakima Pass, Watson; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf, 2044; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 507; Bridge Creek, Elmer 655; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. RUBUS. Herbs; stems trailing, unarmed. Leaves 3 to 5-lobed or rarely parted; carpels tomentose........ 1. R. lasiococcus. Leaves 3 to 5-foliolate; carpels glabrous .......-222222.0.22... 2. RB. pedatus. Shrubs. Stems trailing, biennial. Leaves shiny, 3-lobed or rarely 3-parted; berries red ...... 3. R. nivalis. Leaves dull, 3 to 5-foliolate; berries black ....-. Seen eee 4. R. macropetalus. Stems erect or ascending. Leaves 3 to 5-lobed; stem unarmed, perennial... .----.-- 5. R. parviflorus. Leaves 3 to 5-foliolate; stems prickly, mostly biennial. Flowers red; fruit yellow or garnet... 2222022202. 6. R. spectabilis. Flowers white; fruit black. Stems perennial, very prickly; berry cylindric... 10. R. laciniatus. Stems biennial; berry hemispheric. ~I Berry red; stems not glaueous.... 2... -. - Berry black; stems glaucous. Leaves glaucous beneath... 2-22.22... 8. R. leucodermis. Leaves green beneath .-....... 2.22.2... 9. R. hesperius. . BR. strigosus. 1. Rubus lasiococcus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 201. 1882. Tyre Locaity: ‘ Near Mount Hood, Oregon.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1403; Clallam County, Elmer 2524; , Mount Rainier, Allen 124; Piper 1994; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 541, 10; Klickitat River, Flett 1336; Stevens Pass, Whited 1433; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Cascade Mountains near Berne, Piper, July, 1895; Yakima Pass, Watson 106; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 664; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Rubus pedatus Smith, Ic. Pl. 3: pl. 63. 1791. Type Locatity: “In Americae borealis tractu occidentali.’’ Colleeted by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1304; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2042; Allen 280,310a; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 540: Sil- verton, Bouck 57; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Okanogan County, Elmer 697; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 736; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, toward ‘olville, Lyall; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 333 3. Rubus nivalis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 181. 1833. Type Locairy: ‘On the high snowy ridges of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 78; Mashel Mountain, Piper 710; Silverton, Bouck 57a; Alma, Piper 1995; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. This species is abundant in deep forests near the base of Mount Rainier. In such places, however, it never blooms. fertile plants must be sought either in recent burns or on rocky outcroppings. The flowers are dull purplish in color. 4. Rubus macropetalus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 178. 1833. DEWBERRY. Type Loca.ity: ‘In the valley of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, £/mer 2530; Montesano, Heller 3887; Hoquiam, Lamb 1017; Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 79; De Fuca Straits, Cooper; Silverton, Bouck 58; Lakeview, Henderson, July, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 1; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Yakima Pass, Watson; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 649; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Roslyn, Whited 408. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species is very close to R. ursinus Cham. & Schlecht. of California, but it seems distinct. It never has unifoliolate leaves, which are so commonly produced in the latter. The plant referred by Cooper to R. trivialis Michx. is probably R. macropetalus, but we have been unable to find the specimen. 5. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. 1: 308. 1818. THIMBLE BERRY. Rubus nutkanus Mo¢.; DC. Prod. 2: 566. 1825. Rubus velutinus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 140. 1832. Type cocatity: ‘Island of Michilimackinack, Lake Huron.”’ RanGe: Alaska to California, New Mexico, and Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2518; Seattle, Piper 66; Tacoma, Flett 13; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1758; Muckleshoot, Doctor Ruhn; Silverton, Bouck 53; Skoko- mish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 25; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 542; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1758; Tieton River, Cotton 455; Roslyn, Whited 400; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kamiak Butte, //mer 804; Piper, July 20, 1899; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 502; Clarks Springs, Kreager 38. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Rubus spectabilis Pursh, F]. 1: 348. 1814. SALMON BERRY. Typr Locauity: “On the banks of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Lewis, the exact locality very near Deer Island. Range: Alaska to northern California and north Idaho. In Washington it ascends to 1,600 feet altitude. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2513; Port Ludlow, Binns, April 10, 1889; Roy, Allen 97; Silverton, Bouck 56; Seattle, Piper 67; Tacoma, Flett 110; Wood- lawn, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 26; Stampede Tunnel, Hen- derson, June, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 503; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 726; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Two forms of this species occur, one with claret-colored or nearly black fruit, the other with yellow fruit, the latter being the better flavored. The former may be distinguished even in flower by the purple color of its twigs. 334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Rubus strigosus Michx. Fl. 1: 297. 1803. RED RASPBERRY. Typr Loca.iry: “In montibus Pennsylvania et in Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to New Mexico and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Watson; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer, September, 1897; without locality, Brandegee 739; Spokane, Piper 2268; along Salmon River, Horner 295. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 8. Rubus leucodermis Dougl.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 454. 1838. BLackcap. Type LocaLity: ‘“‘ North West Coast, of America.” RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Limer 2516; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lycll in 1858-59; near Satsop, Heller 4033; Seattle, Piper 68; Tacoma, Flett 16; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 24; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 704; Skagit Pass, Lake & TTull 500; Snake River Bluffs, Bishops Bar, Piper 2881; Blue Mountains, Piper 2400. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 9. Rubus hesperius Piper, Erythea 5: 103. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘Snake River Cafion at Wawawai and Almota, Whitman County, Washington.” Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 116; Almota, Piper 1552; Wawawail, Piper 1788. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 10. Rubus laciniatus Willd. Hort. Berol. p/. 82, 1816. EVERGREEN BLACKBERRY. Type LocaLity: Not known. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, [eller 4001; Ilwaco, Piper. This species readily escapes from cultivation and along the coast is becoming abundantly established in the woodlands. ROSA. Kose. Calyx lobes deciduous from the oblong fruit; flowers small. ........ 1. R. gymnocar pa. Calyx lobes persistent; flowers large. Flowers mostly solitary; fruit globose, 2 em. broad. ............. 2. A. nutkana. Flowers in corymbs; fruit ovoid or oblong, 1 cm. broad or less. ... 3... pisocarpa. 1. Rosa gymnocarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 461. 1840. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. RanoeE: British Columbia to Idaho and middle California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Almer 2515; Montesano, Heller 3897; Silverton, Bouck 60; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 72; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 359; Mount Adams, Flett 1333; Trout Lake, Flett 1338; Clealum, Henderson, October, 1892; Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Columbia woods, Nuttall; Fort Colville, Watson; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Rosa nutkana Presl, Epimel. Bot. 203. 1849. Type Ltocatity: Nutka Sound. Collected by Haenke. Rance: Sitka to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3875; Seattle, Piper 81; Engelmann & Sargent, July 18, 1880; Port Ludlow, Binns; Goat Mountains, Allen 292; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 770; Roslyn, Whited 464; Wenache Region, Brandegee 753; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1268; Klickitat River, Flett 1407; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 335 633, 631, 632, 178, 177; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fort Colville, Watson 119; Pull- man, Piper 1539; Clallam County, kimer 2519; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 222. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2a. Rosa nutkana macdougali (Holzinger). Rosa nutkana hispida Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894, not Rosa hispida Moench. 1770. Rosa macdougali Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896. Tyre LocaLity: Canyons near Farmington Landing, south end of Lake Coeur d’Alene, Idaho. Rance: Eastern Washington to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1540. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Rosa pisocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 382. 1872. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Satsop, [eller 4032; Seattle, Piper, September, 1896, October, 1892; Port Orchard, Piper, July, 1895; Ellensburg, Whited 677, 443; Port Ludlow, Binns 625, 628, 180, 181; Wenache, Whited 1125, 1334; North Yakima, Steinweg in 1894; near North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Prosser, Henderson, May, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 469; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 123; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 623, 621, 627, 179, 182, 620, 629; Colville, Watson 120; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kreager 47; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 320; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 819; Pullman, Piper 1538, 1541, July, 1893. The typical form of this species occurs west of the Cascade Mountains. The eastern Washington forms are very variable as to leaf and fruit and consist perhaps, of two species. Specimens have frequently been referred to as Rosa fendleri Crepin, but it is not at all clear how this is to be distinguished. Rosa caLtirornica Cham. & Schlecht, in typical form at least, seems not to reach Washington. Specimens so referred are probably forms of #. pisocarpa. AGRIMONIA. 1. Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. Beitr. Bot. 1: 49. 1842. Tyrer Locauity: ‘Auf frein Grassplatzen Pennsylvaniens und auf den Anhdhen des Berges ‘Peaks of Otter.’”’ RanGe: British Columbia and Northern Washington to New Brunswick, south to North Carolina and Kansas. We have seen no Washington specimens of this plant, but under the name of A. ewpatoria L. it is reported by Lyall “along the banks of the Sumass Lake and River and on the clear grounds or prairies of the same name.” ALCHEMILLA. 1. Alchemilla arvensis occidentallis (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 96. 1901. Alchemilla occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1. 432. 1840. Tyre Locauity: “Rocky plains of the Oregon toward the sea.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 184; Seattle, Piper 602; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1765; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. SANGUISORBA. Annual; flowers greenish. ..........-.----------------- see ee eee eens 1. P. annua. Perennial; flowers white or reddish... 2.222.202 0202 ee ee cece ee ee ener eee 2. P. latifolia. 1. Sanguisorba annua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429. 1840. Sanquisorba occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 429, 1840, 336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Poterium annuum Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834. Tyre Looaity: ‘Red River in Louisiana.” Ranae: Vancouver Island to California and Arkansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Pullman, Piper 1537; Clarks Springs, Kreager 106. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Sanguisorba latifolia (Hook.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 339. 1896. Sangquisorba canadensis latifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 198. 1834. Sanquisorba sitchensis C. A. Meyer; Trautv. & Meyer, Fl. Ochot. 35. 1856. Poterium sitchense S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 303. 1878. Type Locatity: ‘Observatory Inlet.’ Collected by Scouler. RanGe: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck in 1889; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper; Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1394; Fort Vancouver, collector not indicated; Skamania County, Suksdorf 966; Blue Mountains, Horner 415. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. The red-flowered form of this species is referred by Howell to S. officinalis L. The white-flowered ordinary form was referred to S. media L. in Hooker’s Flora. It is also the basis for the entry ‘ Poterium canadense B. & H.?”’ of Suksdorf’s list. POTENTILLA. Cymes leafy; annuals or biennials with small flowers. Lower leaves pinnate, upper ternate ............------------ 1. P. rivalis. Leaves all ternate. Petals as long as the sepals ...... .- - Le eee ee eee ee ee eee 2. P. monspeliensis. Petals much shorter than the sepals. Cymes loose, rather broad; leaflets oblanceolate... - - - 3. P. millegrana. Cymes narrow, elongated; leaflets obovate... ....-.-- 4, P. biennis. Cymes not leafy; perennials. Leaves pinnate. Flowers white; receptacle long-bristly .....-...--------- 16. P. newberryi. Flowers yellow; receptacle not long-bristly. Calyx silky; leaflets 1 to 2 cm. long..........-..---- 14. P. cascadensis. Calyx hairy; leaflets 2 to 6 cm. long .............-.. 15. P. drummondii. Leaves digitate. Leaflets 3. Plant densely silky-villous ......-..---------------- 12. P. villosa. Plant glabrous or nearly so .........-.------------- 13. P. flabellifolia. Leaflets 5 to 9. Low alpine plant, 20 to 30cm. high; cyme few flowered. 5. P. disseeta. Taller lowland plants, 40 to 80 cm. high; cymes many flowered. Leaflets pubescent on both sides. Pubescence tomentose .-....-.------------ 6. P. permollis. Pubescence grayish-silky .........-.---.--. 7. P.fastigiata. Leaflets glabrous at least above. Under side of leaves white tomentose. Teeth of the leaflets triangular ........- 8. P. gracilis. Teeth of the leaflets elongate ...-...-.- 9. P. blaschkeana. Under side of leaves green. Leaflets slightly tomentose beneath .... 10. P. viridescens. Leaflets glabrous on both sides .......-- 11. P. nuttallii. a}k\.N. W. Am. 170. 1898. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 337 1. Potentilla rivalis Nutt : Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 437. 1840. Type vocatiry: “In alluvial soil along the Lewis River.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Saskatchewan to Mexico, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2734. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, 2. Potentilla monspeliensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 499. 1753. Potentilla hirsuta Michx. Fl. 1: 303, 1803. Potentilla norvegica American authors. Type Locauity: ‘ Monspelii.”’ Rance: Labrador to Virginia and westward. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-9; Green River Hot Springs, Piper 441: Yelm Prairie, Piper 483; Segualiche Lake, Piper 442; Silverton, Bouck 51a; Marshall Junction, Piper 2256. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 3. Potentilla millegrana Engelm.; Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1849: 11. 1849. Potentilla leucocarpa Rydberg in Britt. & Br. Il. Fl. 2: 212. 1897. Type LocaLity: America borealis. Rance; Washington to Illinois, California, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 879, 68, 22; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1760; Mission, Kreager 491. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Potentilla biennis Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 65. 1891. Potentilla lateriflora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 261, 1896. Type LocaLity: California “in moist places in the mountains from Butte Co. to Kern and San Luis Obispo.” Rance: British Columbia and Assiniboia to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 22, 68, 877; Clealum, Henderson, August, 1892; Wenache, Whited 76, 1077; Ellensburg, Whited 458; Elmer 381; Piper, May, 1897; Pasco, Hindshaw 42; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 279; Almota, Lake & Hull 521; Piper 1847; without locality, Vasey 313; Meyers Falls, Kreager 501. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Potentilla dissecta Pursh, Fl. 1: 355. 1814. Potentilla diversifolia Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830. Tyre Locauity: “Near Hudson’s Bay.” Ranae: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 121, 251; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey; Wenache Creek, Cotton 1650, 1232. 5a. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 556. 1873. Potentilla diversifolia glaucophylla Lehm. Rev. Pot. 73. 1856. Type Locauity: Black Hills. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: California to Colorado and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 1998. 6. Potentilla permollis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 175. 1901. Tyre Locauity: Endicott, Whitman County, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Levberg 315; Endicott Elmer 1830; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 29418—06 M 22 338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Potentilla fastigiata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 440. 1840. Type Locaity: ‘Plains of the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2488. 8. Potentilla gracilis Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 2984. 1830. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Columbia and the plains of the Multnomah rivers.” Collected by Douglas. Range: Alaska to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, lett 108; Whidby Island, Gardner 97; Coupeville, Gardner, July, 1898; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Tacoma, Flett 900; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Muckleshoot Prairie, Doctor Ruhn; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 325; Fort Vancouver, Y'olmie; Scouler; Piper 4937; Cape Horn, Piper 5017. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 9. Potentilla blaschkeana Turcz.; Lehm. in Otto, Gart. & Blum. 9: 506. 1853. Potentilla flabelliformis ctenophora Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 7. 1897. Potentilla ctenophora Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 75. 1898. Tyre Locauiry: In the Russian American Colonies, California. Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1529, 3534, 3535, 4134, 4135; Clarks Springs, Kreager 21; Wenache, Whited 146, 1303; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker. ZONAL DistRiBuTION: Arid Transition. 10. Potentilla viridescens Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 69, 1898. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Manitoba.” Rance: Washington to Colorado and Manitoba. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Ellensburg, Piper 2736; Klickitat Meadows, Flett 1326; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 423; Fresh Lake, McKay 13; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 518, Toppenish, Cotton 781; Snipes Creek, Cotton 662; Blue Mountains, Piper 2445; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1646; Satus, Cotton 1125. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition 11. Potentilla nuttallii Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1852: 12. 1852. Potentilla recta Nutt. Gen. 1: 310. 1818, not L. 1753. Potentilla rigida Nutt. Journ, Acad. Phila. 7: 20. 1834, not Wall. Potentilla gracilis rigida S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 557. 1873. Type Locauiry. “On the Missouri from Fort Mandan to the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. RanaeE: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Pullman, Elmer 69; Piper 1877, without locality, Vasey 322. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 12. Potentilla villosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 1: 353. 1814. Potentilla fragiformis villosa Regel & Tiling, Fl. Ajan. Nov. Mem. Soc. Mose. 11:85. 1859. Type Locauity: “On the northwest coast.” Rance: Alaska to Mount Rainier, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 129: Mount Lainier, Piper 1909: Smith 783. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 13. Potentilla flabellifolia Hook.; Tor.. & Gr. Fl. 1: 442. 1838. Potentilla gelida American authors, not Meyer. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 339 Typé Locauity: “Summit of Mount Rainier, Oregon, Douglas.’ The specimen was probably collected by Tolmie, as Douglas was never on Mount Rainier. Rance: Alaska to Oregon in the mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2521; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 1996; Allen; Smith 396; Mount Adams, /enderson, August, 1892; Suksdorf; Flett 1331; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, 717; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 520; Bridge Creek, Elmer 648; without locality, Brandegee 744. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 14. Potentilla cascadensis Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 109. 1898. Type Locatiry: Chiquash Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, Flett; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2165; Olympic Mountains, E/mer 2523. 15. Potentilla drummondii Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. 2: 9. 1830. Type tocauity: “Rocky Mountains north of the Smoking River, in lat. 56°, scarce. Drummond ”’—according to Hooker.¢ Lehmann does not note the locality of his specimens which however, were received from Hooker. Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdor¥ 539. 16. Potentilla newberryi arenicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 112. 1898. Tyre LocaLity: Wallula, Wash. Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wallula, Howell. HORKELIA. Filaments dilated; flowers white. Leaflets deeply dentate...........---------- ene eee ecees 1. HT. fusea. Leaflets lobed nearly to the midrib.........-.----------+---- Ib. H. fusca tenella. Filaments filiform; flowers yellow. Cymes rather loose; receptacle cup shallow.....-..---------- 2. H. utahensis. Cymes subcapitate; receptacle cup deep... ..--------------- 3. H. gordon: alpicola. 1. Horkelia fusca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1997. 1837. Potentilla douglasii Greene, Pittonia 1: 103. 1887. Type tocauity: “In California.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, //enderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889, August 7, 1882. 1b. Horkelia fusca tenella S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 181. 1876. Horkelia tenella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 55. 1898, Type Loca.ity: Sierra County, California. Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, /leff 1334, 2. Horkelia utahensis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 150. 1898. Ivesia utahensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 17: 371. 1882. Type LOcALITY: ‘Summit of Bald Mountain in the Wasatch range, above Alta, at over 12000 feet altitude,’”? Utah. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee in 1883; Mount Stuart, Elmer; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. a], Bor. Am. 1: 190. 1838. 340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Horkelia gordoni alpicola Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 152. 1898. Ivesia alpicola Rydberg; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 182. 1898. Type Locatity: Mount Adams, Washington. Rance: Washington to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Flett 1020; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 424. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. SIBBALDIA. 1. Sibbaldia procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 284. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Scothiae.” Ranae: Alaska and Greenland, southward to California, Colorado, and the White Moun- tains. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper 2024; Allen 64; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 748; east Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. FRAGARIA. STRAWBERRY. Leaves thick, silky and tomentulose beneath. Leaflets cuneate; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. broad......-..- Lee cece eee 1. F. cuneifolia. Leaflets broadly obovate; flowers 2 to 3.5 em. broad. Leaves strongly reticulate beneath.........-.-.....-.-----.- 2. F. chaloensis. Leaves not strongly reticulate beneath.................-.-.. 3. F. erinita, Leaves not at all tomentulose. Leaflets thin subsessile, pale green; akenes superficial. Flowers white ..... Lee eee eee eee Lee eee ee eee eee 4. F. bracteata. Flowers pink ........ wee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee eee eee. 5. FY hellert. Leaflets somewhat glaucous, thicker, petiolulate; akenes set in pits; flowers white. .......-.....---------- 22-22-2002 2-2 ee ee eee 6. F. platypetala. 1. Fragaria cuneifolia Nutt.; Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 174. 1898. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 486; Palace Camp, Pierce County, Mrs. Bailey Willis in 1883. This is probably not distinct from F’. chiloensis. 2. Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. Hist. Nat. Frais. 165. 1766 Fragaria vesca chiloensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753. Fragaria chiloensis scouleri S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. 282. 1878. Type Locaity: “In arvis circa civitatem Conception,” Chile. Rance: British Columbia to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2528; Humptulips, Lamb 1098a; Ilwaco, Piper 4993. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Fragaria crinita Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 171. 1898. Tyre Locatity: Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, April 17, 1898; Easton, Whited 147; Roslyn, Whited 418; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 337. 4. Fragaria bracteata Heller, Bull. Torr, Club 25: 194, 1896. Tyre Locauity: Santa Fe, New Mexico. Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 341 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 102; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Silver- ton, Bouck 54; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 9,.1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 117. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Fragaria helleri Holzinger, Bot. Gaz. 21: 36. 1896. Tyee Locaity: Idaho. Rance: Idaho and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson in 1892; Woodlawn, Henderson in 1892. These specimens may really be forms of the preceding. 6. Fragaria platypetala Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 177. 1898. Type Locatity: Alaska. Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Twisp River, Whited 180; Klickitat River, Flett 1408; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 86; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane Valley Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 262. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This is the western representative of Ff’. virginiana Duch., to which it has been referred. ARGENTINA. 1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 159. 1898. Potentilla anserina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753. Potentilla anserina grandis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 444. 1840. Potentilla pacifica Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 179. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae pascuis; in argillosis argentea.’’ Rance; Circumboreal, extending southward in North America to New Jersey, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1080; Clallam County, Elmer 2525; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 212; Ilwaco, Piper 4920. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. la. Argentina anserina concolor Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 160. 1898. Potentilla anserina concolor Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 582. 1825, Type Locatity: None given. Range: Alaska to New Mexico. Maine. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Methow River, Whited 9, 226; Alma, Elmer 545; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyad/ in 1860; Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901; Marshall Junction, Piper 2255; without locality, Vasey 319; Mission, Kreager 485. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. COMARUM. 1. Comarum palustre L. Sp. Pl. 1: 502. 1753. Potentilla palustris Scop. F]. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 359. 1772. Tyre LocaLity: European. Rance: Northern portion of North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1892; White Salmon Suksdorf; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager 427. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: TRANSITION. DASIPHORA. 1. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 188. 1898. Potentilla fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 495. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Eboraco, Anglia, Oelandia australi, Sibiria.’”’ 342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Jersey, and New Mexico. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 316; Mission, Kreager 490; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1651}. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian ? la. Dasiphora fruticosa tenuifolia (Willd.) Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 190. 1898. Potentilla tenuifolia Willd.; Schlecht. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 7: 285. 1813. Potentilla fruticosa tenuifolia Lehm. Monog. Pot. 20 1820. Type Locauity: “ Aus Sibirien.” Rance: Same as of the preceding. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant in 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 1997; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 462; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 519. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. DRYMOCALLIS. Style filiform, more than twice as long as the akenes ._...-.-------- 1. D. rhomboidea. Style filiform, less than twice as long as the akenes. Flowers cream-color. Stems 20 to 50cm. high; alpine plant................... 2. D. pseudorupestris. Stems 30 to 100 em. high; lowland plant... ........----- 3. D. convallaria. Flowers yellow. Sepals broadly ovate ...........-.-------------------- 7. D. wrangeliana. Sepals lanceolate to ovate. Herbage nearly glabrous. _...........2---.--.------ 6. D. glabrata. Herbage very glandular. Petals much larger than the sepals.........-.-.- 4. D. valida. Petals scarcely larger than the sepals............ 5. D. glandulosa. 1. Drymocallis rhomboidea Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 203. 1898. Potentilla rhomboidea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 248. 1896. Type Locauity: Nevada. Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 119; Flett 1332. 2. Drymocallis pseudorupestris Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 194. 1898. Potentilla pseudorupesiris Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 250, 1897. Potentilla glandulosa nevadensis 8. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 178. 1876, not P. nevadensis Boiss. Tyrr Locauity: Little Belt Mountains, Montana. Rance; Alberta to Washington and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1885, This supposed species seems to me quite identical with the Old World Potentilla rupestris L. 3. Drymocallis convallaria Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 198. 1898. Potentilla convallaria Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 249. 1897. Type LocaLity: Bozeman, Montana. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Assiniboia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Conconully, Whited 1312; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cofion 470; Loomis, Elmer 565; Pullman, Piper 1528; Elmer 820. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid transition. This species is very closely allied to the eastern D. arguia, to which it has often beer referred. 4. Drymocallis valida (Greene). Potentilla valida Greene, Pittonia 3: 20. 1896. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 343 Potentilla glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 446. 1840, as synonym. Drymocallis glutinosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 196, 1898. Potentilla fissa major Torr. & Gr, Fl. 1: 446. 1840. not P. verna major Wahl. Type Locaity: ‘In the vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island.” Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Utah, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, FJetf 110; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2211; Wenache, Whited 110; Clealum, Whited 415; Wenache Mountains, Whited 732; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Loomis, Elmer 564; without locality, Vasey 317; Pullman, Piper 1528. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Drymocallis glandulosa Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 198. 1898. Potentilla glandulosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1583. 1833. Type Locauity: California. Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to New Mexico and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Fett 1335; Steilacoom, Piper 78; Wenache Mountains 1095; Blue Mountains, Piper 2444, 2446; Olympic Mountains, Fett 82. ZONAL bisrRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. Some of the above specimens have been referred to D. reflera (Greene) Rydberg. 5a. Drymocallis glandulosa incisa (Lindl.) Rydberg, Mon. N, A. Pot. 199. 1898. Potentilla glandulosa incisa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: pl. 1973. 1887. Type Locauity: California. Rance: Idaho and Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2307. 6. Drymocallis glabrata Rydberg, Mon. N. A. Pot. 201. 1898. Type Locauity: Ellensburg, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, //mer 412. 7. Drymocallis wrangelliana (Fisch. & Lall.) Rydberg, Mon, N. A. Pot. 201. 1898. Potentilla wrangelliana Fisch. & Lall. Animad. Bot. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 7: 54, 1840. Tyrr tocauity: In the Russian colony of New California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2526; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2024, 2000; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1761; Manor, Piper; Bingen, Suksdorf 2209; Vancouver, Piper 4927. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Hudsonian. DRYAS. 1. Dryas octopetala L. Sp. Pl. 1: 501. 1753. Type Locatity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis, Austriacis, Sabandicis, Hibernicis, Sibiricis.”’ Rane: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Labrador and in the mountains, to Wash- ington and Colorado, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; near Loomis, Elmer in 1897; Mount Rainier, P/ett 2166. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. GEUM. Segments of the leaves and their lobes acute. ....---.------------- 1. G. strictum. Segments of the leaves and their lobes obtuse. Flowers large; style glabrous. ........----------------------- 2. G. macrophyllum. Flowers small; style puberulent ....---.---------+-+-+-++---- 3. G&, oregonense. 344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Geum strictum Soland.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 217. 1789. Type Locatiry: “ North America.” RanGE: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Along Tukanon River, Lake d& Hull 516; nine miles southwest Pullman, Piper, July 9, 1901. 2. Geum macrophyllum Willd. Enum. 557. 1809. Type Locauity: ‘Camtschatca.” RanGe;: Alaska to California and Colorado, Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2524; Montesano, Keller 3947; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 53; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 288; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Beaver Creek, Whited 192; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 515. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species is very close to if not identical with Geum japonicum Thunb. 4 3. Geum oregonense Scheutz, Nov. Act. Soc. Sci. Upsala 7: 26. 1869. Type Locauity: “Habit. in regione Oregonensi.” Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 528(?); Spokane County, Suksdorf 289; Mrs. Susan Tucker; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 219; Marshall Junction, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 39; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2083. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. SIEVERSIA. Flowers pale purplish; styles plumose........-.-.-...------------------- 1. 8, eliata, Flowers yellow; styles glabrous.............-.-.-- eee ee ee eee eee eee 2. 8S. rossi. 1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh). Geum ciliatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 352. 1814. Geum triflorum Pursh, Fl. 2: 736. 1814. Type Loca.ity: ‘On the Kooskooskee.” Collected by Lewis; the exact spot on the Quamash Flats, now Weippe, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Missouri, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2529; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Whidby Island, Gardner 105; Klickitat River, Flett 13824; Wenache, Whited 126, 1163; Ellensburg, Whited 731; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 64; Pullman, Hull 517; Piper 1532; Clarks Springs, Kreager 22; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 554. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Dr. KE. L. Greene has proposed a new genus for this species and its immediate allies, Erythrocoma. A subspecies of S. ciliata, characterized by having the bractlets cut into filiform segment is designated Erythrocoma ciliata ornata Greene.b 2. Sieversia rossii R. Br. in Parry’s lst Voyage App. 276. 1824. Geum rossi Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 553. 1825. TypE Locauiry: Melville Island. RanGe: Arctic regions, south to Washington and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Hlmer 245, 1182. Dr. Greene has recently proposed a new genus Acomastylis with this species as its type. Elmer’s number 1182 is considered a new species, A. depressa Greene. a F]. Jap. 220. 1784. b Leaflets 1: 178. 1906. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 345 CERCOCARPUS. 1. Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 427. 1840. Mountain MAHOGANY. Tyre Loca.ity: Bear River, Idaho. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Wyoming, southward to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Salmon River, Horner 298; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Piper 2449, . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. KUNZIA. 1. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 2: 475. 1825. ANTELOPE BRUSH. Purshia tridentata DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 158, 1817. Tigarea tridentata Pursh, Fl. 1: 333. 1814. © Type Locauiry: “In the prairies of the Rocky Mountains and on the Columbia River.’ Collected by Lewis. Range: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 77, 1064; Ellensburg, Elmer 384; Piper, May, 1897; North Yakima, lett 1037; Pasco, Hindshaw: 34; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiherg 293; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 497; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 97. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. I MALACEAE. Aprpie Faminy. Flowers racemose; carpels fleshy in fruit .......-.........-.-.- AMELANCHIER (p. 345) Flowers corymbose. Carpels stony in fruit -.......-.-.----------------------- CRATAEGUS (p. 346). Carpels papery in fruit .......-.-.-.-.------------------- Pyrvus (p. 347). AMELANCHIER. SeERVICEBERRY. Twigs pale or ashy. Leaves cuneate at base..............-.2---- 22-22-2222 2-2-2 ------- 4, A. cuneata. Leaves rounded at base.....-_-..-- woe e ee eee eee eee ee ee ee eee 2. A. utahensis. Twigs not ashy. Leaves tomentose beneath when young, serrate only toward the apex. 1. A. florida. Leaves glabrous when young. Petals 2 cm. long; leaves bright green ..........-.----------- 3. A. cusickii. Petals 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves pallid... ..-....2...---.----- 5. A. basalticola, 1. Amelanchier florida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1589. 1833. Amelanchier ovalis semuntegrifola Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 202. 1834. Type Locatiry: ‘Northwest America.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3958; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Fidalgo Island, Flett 1940; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper, July 4, 1897; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Rock Island, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1325; Ellensburg, Whited 322; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 25, 1892; Rock Creek, Piper 2831; Almota, Hull 499; Union Flat, Piper, April 29, 1897; Henderson, July 18, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1534; Clallam County, Elmer 2512; Nisqually Valley, Allen 214; Mount Adams, lett 1325. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This is by far the most abundant species in Washington and it has commonly been referred to A. alnifolia Nutt. In Cooper’s Report it was named A. canadensis var. 346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Amelanchier utahensis Koehne, Berlin Ostern. 32: fig. 2. 1890. Amelanchier alnifolia utahensis Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 5: 679. 1895. Type Locatiry: Leeds, Utah. Rance: Washington to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 569, 571, 365; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 94. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Amelanchier cusickii Fernald, Erythea 7: 121. 1899. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘On stony hillsides, Union County, Oregon.’’ Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1028 in part, 1844; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Rock Lake, Piper 2830; Spokane, Piper 2694; Union Flat, Piper 2732; Elmer 135; Wawa- wai, Piper 3812;. Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2175. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. - 4. Amelanchier cuneata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 392. 1900. Type Locauiry: Ellensburg, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2713. 5. Amelanchier basalticola Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 100. 1901. Type Loca.iry: Bluffs of Snake River, Whitman County, Washington, opposite Clarks- ton. Rance: Bluffs of Snake River in Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai Blulfs, Piper 3823; opposite Clarkston, unter 39. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. AMELANCHIER sp. Specimens collected by Heller (no. 3958) at Montesano and by Lamb (no. 1190) at Humptulips represent a species close to A. florida, but seemingly distinct. More and better material is needed. CRATAEGUS. THORNAPPLE. Fruit red; spines 4 to 6 em. long. Calyx and fruit glabrous. ............--2-----2--.----------000e- 1. C. columbiana. Calyx and fruit tomentose. .........-.-...2.2.-2.---2 2202-2 -e eee 2. C. piperr. Fruit black; spines 2 to 3 em, long............-.....-.------------- 3. C. brevispina. 1. Crataegus columbiana Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 163. 1898. Tyee LocaLity: “Common along the Columbia River and its tributaries east of the Cas- cade Mountains. ”’ Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 505; Spokane, Piper 2387; Suksdorf 919; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 91; 6 miles south of Pullman, Piper 3809; Colville, Kreager 523. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species has been mistaken for the eastern C. macracantha Lodd. It also forms the basis for the entry “C. tomentosa L. var.” in Suksdorf’s list. 2. Crataegus piperi Britton, Torreya 1: 55. 1901. Type Locauity: Pullman, Washington. Rance: Eastern Washington, Idaho, and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, September 2, 1899; 1209, 1293; Brandegee in 1883; Pullman, Piper 1535; Elmer in 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. This may be only a subspecies of the former, with which it sometimes occurs, being indis- tinguishable except by the pubescence. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. . B47 8. Crataegus brevispina (Dougl.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PL. ed. 2. 98. 1900. Crataegus douglasii Lind]. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1810. 1835. Crataegus punctata brevispina Dougl.; Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 201. 1838. Type Locatiry: “Common on banks of streams on the north-west coast of America.” Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 544; Wenache, Whited 1292, 1070, 89; Ellensburg, Whited 348; Glendale, Lake & Hull 504; without locality Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Kreager 534; Puyallup, Piper, May 29, 1902; Pullman, Piper 3827, 3826. ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition. The specimens from western Washington are somewhat different from those of eastern Washington and possibly distinct. Near Pullman and Spokane occurs a form whose fruit is first chestnut-colored, later turn- ing black. This blooms a little later than the ordinary form, but has no definite characters to distinguish it. PYRUS Leaves simple; fruit oblong..........------------------+++-+++-+++- 1. P. diversifolia. Leaves pinnate; fruit globose. Fruit coral-red; leaflets shining, serrate from near the base... ..-- - 2. P. sitchensis. Fruit purple, glaucous; leaflets dull, serrate near the apex....----- 3. P. occidentalis. 1. Pyrus diversifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 133, 1882. CRABAPPLE. Pyrus rivularis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 208. 1834. Type Locauity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2510; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Steilacoom, G. C. Woolson; Nisqually Valley, Allen 213: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. 2. Pyrus sitchensis (Roem.) Piper, Mazama 2: 107. 1901. MounNTAIN ASH Sorbus sitchensis Roem. Syn. Mon. 3: 139. 1847. Type Locairy: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 1989; Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896; Easton, Whited 424; Mount Rainier, Piper 1990; Bear Prairie, Allen 291; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Klickitat River, Fett 1341; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 683; near Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull; Blue Mountains, Piper 2420; Mount Carlton, Kreager 265; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 204. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. ; Referred to Pyrus americana DC. in Cooper’s Report. It is also the Sorbus sambuci- folius or Pyrus sambucifolius of various reports so far as Washington specimens are con- cerned, but it is quite different from the real Pyrus sambucifolius Cham. & Schlecht. 3. Pyrus occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 263. 1888, MounrAIN ASH. Sorbus occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 54. 1891. Typr Locality: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2509; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1365, 1365a; Mount Rainier, Piper 1988, Flett 277; Goat Mountains, Allen 125; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; mountains, Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 13, 1886; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stam- pede Pass, Henderson, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 750; Bridge Creek, Elmer 663; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. AMYGDALACEAE. AtmMonp FaAmMILy. Flowers perfect; carpel solitary ..........-.....-.-2..- wee eee ee eee eee Prunvs. Flowers dioecious; carpels five ........-. 2.222222 22 eee OsMARONIA., PRUNUS. Flowers racemose; fruit dark purple -.......... 2-22.22... Lee eeeee 1. P. demissa. Flowers corymbose; fruit bright red ......-. 2222222222222 2 ee eee 2. P. emarginata. 1. Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Dietrich, Syn. Pl. 3: 43. 1843. CHOKECHERRY. Cerasus demissa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 4112 1840. Tyre Loca.ity: “ Plains of the Oregon toward the sea and mouth of the Wahlamet.”’ Rance: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Perhaps also farther eastward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 100; Wenache, Whited 117, 1071; Yelm Prairie, Piper 1120; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Sunnyside, Cotton 371: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 104; upper Columbia, Lyall; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull in August, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Spokane Valley, Watson 97; Pullman, Piper 1530, August, 1896; Wawawai, Lake, May, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, August, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. Two forms or perhaps distinct species occur in eastern Washington, one with densely flowered stiff racemes blooming about a week later than the other, which has looser, laxer racemes. The former is often arborescent, and tends to have broader leaves. 2. Prunus emarginata (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 9. 1843. WILD CHERRY. Cerasus emarginata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1830. Type Locaity: “On the upper part of the Columbia River, especially about the Kettle Falls.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, W/ett 18327; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1005; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiherg 590; White Bluff, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Fllensburg, Piper, May, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Lake &: Hull, July, - 1892; Piper, August, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 245. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2a. Prunus emarginata villosa Sudw. U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Forest. Bull. 14: 240. 1897. Cerasus mollis Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 169. 1830, not Torr. 1824. Prunus mollis Walp. Repert. 2: 9. 1843. Prunus emarginata mollis Brewer in Brewer and Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 167. 1876. Type Locatity: “Northwest coast of America, near the mouth of the Columbia, and on subalpine hills, near the sources of that river.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, //mer 2525; Montesano, Heller 4036: Port Lud- low, Binns; Tacoma, Flett 56; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 120; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 513. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. OSMARONIA. 1. Osmaronia cerasiformis (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 191. 1891. INDIAN PLUM. Nuttallia cerasiformis Torr. & Gr.; Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 337. pl. 82, 1841. Type Locauity: “On the Columbia.”’ Collected by Nuttall, by Douglas, and by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, eller 3874; Admiralty Head, Piper, March, 1898; Seattle, Piper 61; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 59; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 13; Maxfield, Henderson, April, June, 1892; Clallam County, E/mer 2511. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 349 _ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Allen’s 59 is considered a distinct subspecies by Professor Greene, Osmaronia cerasiformis nigra,@ based principally upon the drupes which seem to lack the usual glaucous coating. FABACEAR. Bean Faminy. Stamens 5, monadelphous; leaves pinnate .........-.-------.- PETALOSTEMUM (p. 350). Stamens 10. Filaments distinct; leaves trifoliolate -.......-....---.--- THERMOPSIS (p. 349). Filaments united, either monadelphous or diadelphous, 9 and 1. Anthers of two forms, round and oblong. Leaves digitate with 5 to 11 leaflets; ours herbs... Lupinus (p. 350). Leaves with solitary leaflets; spiny shrub... ...-- ULeEx (p. 358). Anthers all alike. Leaves digitate, or if pinnate then trifoliolate. Pods curved or coiled; flowers in spikes....... MEpicaco (p. 363). Pods straight. Flowers in long racemes. ....-.-.------- MELixotvs (p. 358). Flowers in heads or head-like umbels..... TrrroLium (p. 358). Leaves pinnate; leaflets mostly more than 3; no ten- drils. Herbage dotted with conspicuous glands. Leaflets 3; pods not spiny. .....-..-.--- PsoRALEA (p. 363). Leaflets many; pods spiny...-...-.-.--- GLYCYRRHIZA (p. 364). Herbage not dotted with conspicuous glands. Leaves unequally pinnate, not tendril bear- ing. Flowers umbellate or solitary; pods linear ......222...-------------- Hosackia (p. 364). ° Flowers spicate or racemose, rarely solitary, then pods not linear. Pod a loment.......-.-.-.----- HeEpysarvM (p. 366). Pod not a loment. Keel of the corolla acute or subulate at apex.......-- ARAGALLUS (p. 367). Keel of the corolla obtuse at apeX....-.---------26-- Puaca (p. 367). Leaves abruptly pinnate, usually tendril- bearing. Style filiform, hairy only near the tip. . Viera (p. 374). Style flattened, hairy on the inner side. Laruyrus (p. 375). THERMOPSIS. 1. Thermopsis montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 388. 1840. Type Locatity: “High valleys of the Rocky Mountains, in bushy places by streams, near the line of Upper California.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 695. This or the following was referred to T’.. fabacea (Pall.) DC. by Hooker.® la. Thermopsis montana ovata Robinson, subsp. nov. Leaflets broader than in 7’. montana, ovate. Rance; North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon. aGreene, Pittonia 5: 309. 1905. ob Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 128. 1838. 350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1197; Walla Walla, Leckenby, June, 1898; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Palouse City, Voore, June, 1893; Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The type is Piper 1489, collected on Cedar Mountain, Latah County, Idaho. PETALOSTEMUM. 1. Petalostemum ornatum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 138. 1830. Tyrer Locauity: “Frequent in the arid prairies near the Blue Mountains of Lewis [Snake] River, North-West America.” Collected by Douglas. Ranar: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and south Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2973; Leckenby in June, ‘898; Walla Walla, Lyadl in 1860; near Columbia and Snake rivers, Brandegee 714. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. bd LUPINUS. Lupine. Subgen. I. PLATYCARPOS S. Wats.—Ovary 2-ovuled, forming a short and relatively broad 2-(1-)seeded pod; annuals or biennials with deep often lignescent taproot and persisting cotyledons. Peduncles 1 to 2 em. long; flowers small; corolla about 1 em. long.... 1. ZL. pusillus, Peduncles 5 to 15 em. long; flowers larger; corolla 1.5 cm, long... ... 2. L. microcarpus. Subgen. II. LUPINUS proper.—Ovary 3 to many-ovuled, forming an oblong to linear several-seeded pod; cotyledons not persisting.@ § 1. Micrantur.—Annuals, slender, branching from the base; leaflets glabrous on the upper surface. Flowers subsessile; wings oblong, 6 mm. in length; corolla usually pale purple ..........-.-2--.------ 2-222-222-2222 + 2 -- = + -- 3. L. mieranthus. Pedicels 4 mm. long; corolla deep blue; wings 8 mm. long ..:..-.-.-- 4. L. bicolor. § 2. Sericer.—Perennials; calyx subsymmetrical at the base; corolla blue, varying to white or roseate; keel usually ciliate; leaflets appressed-pubescent and silky (rarely tomentose) on both sur- faces, canescent. Stems scapose or subscapose, 7 to 25 (rarely 40) cm. high; leaves chiefly basal; flowers sessile or on very short pedicels. Very dwarf (7 to 15, rarely 20, em. high), cespitose; flowers subses- sile, small; keel 6 to 8 mm. long. Leaflets 5 to 8, very small, 6 to 10 mm. long......-...---.----- 5. L. lyallii. Leaflets 7 to 12, at least 12 to 20 mm. long. Densely and somewhat shaggy sericeous-pubescent; vexillum obovate-oblong..... 2.2... 22 .--2-- 20-2 +222 2-2 eee ee eee 6. L. aridus. Covered with a fine and closely appressed sericeous pubescence ; vexillum suborbicular......-.....-..-.-----------+-------- 7. L. minimus. a The following key will aid in locating a species in its proper section: Annuals, branching from the base; flowers small.............----------- 1. MicRANTHI. Perennials. Calyx saccate or spurred at the base.......-.-.------------------- 6. CALCARATI, Calyx symmetrical or nearly so at base. Flowers yellow............------+-------+-+---- 2-2-2222 - eee eee 5. SULPHUREL. Flowers purple or violet. Leaves green, the pubescence thin, never silky or villous .. -. - 4. RIvULAREs. Leaves sericeous or villous. Pubescence sericeous........-.------------+---+------ 5. SERICEL, Pubescence villous.........-...-.---------+--------- 6. SAXosI. ~ FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 351 PIPER Commonly 20 to 30 (rarely 40) cm. high; flowers somewhat larger; keel 9 to 11 mm. long. Pods 15 mm. long; flowers subsessile -.......-.-.....-.--- 8. L. lepidus.. Pods 20 to 25 mm. long; pedicels about 3 mm. long. Keel ciliate... ....2..2-2-.-2--2--.------------- lee eee 9. L. piperi. 9a. L. piperi imberbis. Stems leafy. Plants dwarf, scarcely 20 cm. high, somewhat cespitose; pedicels slender, in anthesis 4 to 8mm. long__.........-..---.-.-- 10. L. subsericeus. Plants not dwarf. Decumbent or procumbent; maritime species .............. 18. LZ. littoralis. Erect, tall, 4 to 12 em. high, not maritime. Keel narrow, bent almost at right angles, early exposed for much of its length; pubescence of stem and leaves inclining to velvety rather than silky .............-.- 11. L. albicaulis. Keel broader, only moderately falcate, the tip only ex- serted. Flowers subsessile in dense spiciform racemes. Stout: silky pubescence somewhat coarse, shaggy and inclining to spread. Bracts scarcely exceeding the buds ....-.-..0 02... 12. L. leucophyllus. Bracts linear-filiform, plumose, much longer than the buds. .......2..---- toll eee ee ee eee l2a. L. leucophyllus plu- mosus. Slender; silky pubescence very fine and closely ap- pressed. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute or acuminate .....-..- 13. L. canescens. Leaflets elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded and mucro- nate at the apex. ........2-2-2-.-2----------- 13a. L. canescens am- blyophyllus. Pedicels well developed; racemes relatives loose, Standard glabrous ..........-.-.-.-.-.--------+--- 14. L. suksdorfit. Standard more or less pubescent dorsally. Pubescence of the stem loose and spreading. .. .- -- - 15. L. sericeus. Pubescence of the stem appressed. Stem stout, usually solitary, branching freely; caudex not much thickened. Bracts scarcely or not at all surpassing the larger buds... 2. --..-.-.---------------- 16. L. ornatus. Bracts much exceeding the larger buds... ..._ . 16a. L. ornatus bractea- tus. Stems several, slender, subsimple from a thick- ish caudex _......-.-- 2-2-2. 222-022-222 eee 17. L. alpicola. § 3. Saxost.—Perennials; leaflets green on both surfaces, glab- rous or villous above, villous beneath; hairs long and loose, not so numerous or closely appressed as to give asilky luster; calyx subsymmetrical at the base; corolla blue or purple vary- ing to white. Dwarf, 20 to 30 cm. high; keel distinctly ciliate. Flowers small, few, in loose racemes; petals less than 1 cm.long. 19. L. volcanicus. Flowers larger, numerous, in a rather dense raceme; petals 1.5 em. long ...-...---------------- 22-222 eee eee ee 20. L. saxosus. 352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Taller, 30 to 90 em. high; keel naked or only obsoletely ciliate. Leaflets obtuse or rounded at the apex, about 4 cm. long, loosely hairy on both surfaces ........-2.-.--.--.----. 22 -2--0222--2 02-22-2222 21. L. subalpinus. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5 to 6 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface .........-.-.-.-.----------------------- 22. L. wyethi. § 4. Rivu_ares.—Leaflets green and glabrous (or obscurely puberu- lent) above, glabrous or minutely appressed-pubescent beneath; corolla blue or purple, varying to roseate or white; calyx sub- symmetrical at the base. Leaflets of the lower leaves 10 to 16, very large, 6 to 14 em. long, 1.7 to 3.6 cm. wide ....-.-..- 2-2-2 -2.0-- 2-22-22 ee ee ee eee eee ee ee ee 23. L. polyphyllus. Leaflets 6 to 9 in number, 4 to 9 cm. long, 5 to 15mm. broad. Bracts long, spreading-villous, usually persisting in anthesis; stems simple __.......-.-.---------2 2202-22222 ---- beeen eee ee eee 24. L. burkei. Bracts subulate, minutely appressed-pubescent and canescent, usually caducous; stems branched....-.....-...-.-...--------------- 25. L. rivularis. § 5. Su-tpHuREI.—Perennials, leafy-stemmed; corolla yellow; calyx subsymmetrical at the base. Flowers large; petals about 16 mm. long, deep yellow .-.-... 2... -.--- 26. L. sabinir. Flowers smaller; petals about 1 em. long, light yellow... ..........--- 27. L. sulphureus. § 6. CaLtcarati.—Perennials, leafy-stemmed, erect, not maritime; calyx ; strongly saccate or shortly spurred at the base. Corolla blue...........2-.-2-2 2-2-2 22 ee eee ee eee ee eee ee eee 28. L. laxiflorus. Corolla pale yellow.......-..... 2-2-2. ---- +--+ +2 22-22 eee eee 28a. L. laxiflorus theiochrous. 1. Lupinus pusillus Pursh, Fl. 2: 468. 1814. Type Locatity: “‘On the banks of the Missouri.”” Collected by Lewis. Range: Washington to Dakota, southward to Arizona, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper 2982, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw 39; Mabton, Cotton 1115. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Lupinus microcarpus Sims, Bot. Mag. 50: pl. 2413. 1828. Type Locauiry: Chile. Rance: Washington to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 88; Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; Whited 536; Elmer 371; North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Vasey 259; Prosser, Cotton 912; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 85. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Lupinus micranthus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1257. 1829. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Upon the gravelly banks of the southern tributaries of the Columbia and on barren ground in the interior of California.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 194, May 20, 1895; Leckenby, May, 1898; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; Johns Island, Lawrence 185; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition, 118. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Lupinus bicolor Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1109. 1827. Type Locaity. “In the interior of the country about the Columbia River, from Fort Vancouver to the branches of Lewis and Clarke’s River, always on dry gravelly soil under the shade of trees in the open plains.” Collected by Douglas. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 353 We suspect strongly that there is some error about the type locality. The species seems to be common in California and extends into Oregon, but no specimens from Wash- ington have been seen. 5. Lupinus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868. Type Locauity: “Summit of the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: Cascade Mountains, British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2092; Allen 100; Mount Adams, Hender- son, August 9, 1892; Flett 1257; Cotton 1516; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Aretic. 6. Lupinus aridus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1242. 1829. Type LocALity: ‘‘Same range of country as Lupinus leucophyllus and equally common.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July 14, 1896; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Glenwood, Flett 1258; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; North Yakima, /Tenderson, May 2, 1892; Ellensburg, /Tindshaw, May, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Lupinus minimus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 163. 1830. Type Locacity: ‘ Mountain valleys in Northwest America near Kettle Falls; and very abundant towards the Rocky Mountains along the course of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. RanGe: British Columbia and Idaho to Oregon. This species has not recently been collected in the State. 8. Lupinus lepidus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1149. 1828. Type Locauity: “From Fort Vancouver to the Great Falls of the Columbia.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Vancouver Island to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2541; Thurston County, //eller 4048; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Tacoma, /lett 898, 195; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 2, 1892; Fourth Plain, Piper 3072; North Yakima fenderson, May 29, 1892; Vancouver, Piper 4923. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 9. Lupinus piperi Robinson, sp. nov. (§ SERICE!). Silky and canescent, leafy at the base; root single, perpendicular; stems 1 to 6, scapose, rather stout, simple, erect, curved: -ascending, or decumbent, covered with a loosely appressed pubescence; leaflets 5 to 8, oblanceolate, acute, or acutish, about 3 cm. Jong; petioles 5 to 10cm. long: peduncles 7 to 13cm. in length, equaling the showy rather loose racemes; pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, tomentose with widely spreading hairs; corolla deep blue; the standard broad, entirely glabrous, paler toward the center; keel ciliated; pods 20 to 24 mm. long, 4 or 5-seeded. This species is near L. hellerae Heller, but is paler in color and has shorter leaflets, spreading pubescence on the pedicels, glabrous standard, etc. Found in gravelly soil. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, //enderson, June 2, 1892, 2338 in part; Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Piper 2730 (type), 2949, 2287; Spangle, Piper 2440, 3543. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, 9a. Lupinus piperi imberbis Robinson, subsp. nov. Keel not ciliated; leaflets larger, 3.6 em. long; pedicels 6 mm. in length; pubescence of the stems and petioles widely spreading. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, A. Whited, no. 121, June, 1896, type. 29418—O6 M 25 354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 10. Lupinus subsericeus Robinson, sp. nov. (§ SERICEI). Root stout, bearing a well-developed leafy crown; stems 15 to 25 em. high, decumbent or curved-ascending, 2 or 3-leaved; petioles of the radical leaves slender, 7 to 10 cm. long; leaflets oblanceolate, obtusish, finely sericeous, but green on both surfaces, 16 to 24 mm. long, 3 to 6 mm. broad; peduncles short, 2 to 5 cm. in length; bracts lanceolate, rather promptly deciduous; racemes at length 10 to 13 em. long, becoming rather loose; bractlets unusually large, oblong, 4 mm. in length; flowers 12 to 14 mm. long, on slender pedicels 4to6mm. in length; upper calyx lobe cleft four-fifths of the way to the base, the lower distinctly and sharply 3-toothed; corolla indigo-blue with a spot of lighter color on the glabrous obovate standard; keel ciliated; ovules about 5; pod densely sericeous. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 602, May 5, 1898; Badger Mountain, Whited 1220. 11. Lupinus albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165. 1830. Tyre Locauity: ‘About Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.” Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 427; near Olympia, Heller 4039; McAl- listers Lake, Henderson, June, 1892; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Union City, Piper, July 20, 1890. Specimens collecetd by Suksdorf’ in Falcon Valley, nos. 345, 346, are closely allied to L. albicaulis, but probably represent a new species. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 12. Lupinus leucophyllus Doug]l.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1124. 1827. Tyee Locauity: “From the Great Falls of the Columbia in North America to the sources of the Missouri among the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 551; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2336; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 432; Spokane, Piper 1901, 2270; Dewart in 1900; Henderson 2335; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; July 28, 1894, and 1902; Hull 755; Waitsburg, Horner 86; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Conconully Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 286; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 398. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 12a. Lupinus leucophyllus plumosus (Dougl.) Robinson. Lupinus plumosus Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1217; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 165. Bracts very long and narrow, plumose-ciliate, much exceeding the buds. Sometimes well marked, but in other cases vague and confluent with the typical form. TYPE LocaLity: “Common in northern California in 45° north, growing in gravelly soil; it is also found at the sources of the Wallawallah River, near the Blue Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Specimens referable to this are included in the preceding. 13. Lupinus canescens Howell, Erythea 1: 110. 1893. Type Locacity: “At the western base of Buck’s Mountain, a spur of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.”’ Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, J. Howell, June, 1879. L38a. Lupinus canescens amblyophyllus Robinson, subsp. nov. Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, broader than in the typical form, rounded and mucronulate at the apex; seeds red. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Egbert Springs, Douglas County, Washington, Sandberg & Leiberg 402 (type), July 5, 1893. = KX PLATE +, Herb., Vol. X Contr. “SVNAIM &VSN SMOOVSAW MOT NI SOLYNYHO SNNIGN] PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 355 14. Lupinus suksdorfii Robinson, sp. nov. (§ SERICE!). Erect or nearly so, about 60cm. high; stem stoutish, subsimple, terete, finely subappressed- pubescent or somewhat spreading-villous, leafy, especially near the middle; leaflets about 9, oblanceolate, acute, the larger 5 to 6 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, covered on both surfaces by a short dense sericeous appressed pubescence; petioles 4 to 11 em. long; peduncles terminal and commonly solitary, 4 to 8 cm. long; racemes 20 cm. in length, 4 to 5 em, in diameter; pedicels slender, 8 mm. long, scattered or subverticillate, tomentulose; upper calyx lobe 2-toothed, the lower entire; petals rich purplish blue, about 12 mm. long; standard glabrous; keel ciliolate; ovary 5 to 7-ovuled; pods spreading-pubescent, 3 to 4 em. long, 9 mm. wide, about 4-seeded.—Dry grounds. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 110, May 3 (in flower), June (in fruit), 1883; same locality, mountain sides, Suksdorf 109, May 2 (in flower), June (in fruit), 1883; same region and collector, April 24 (in flower), June (in fruit), 1886; Wenache, Whited 1032, April 23, 1899; sandy hillsides west of Wenache, Whited 1033, May 2, 1899. 15. Lupinus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 468. 1814. Type Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Kooskoosky.” Collected by Lewis. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1061; June, 1895; Klickitat, Howell, June, 1879; Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 696; Waitsburg, Horner 90; Almota, Piper 2011; Kamiak, Piper 3087; without locality, Vasey 262. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. The following specimens are not typical but for the present are referred here: Wenache, Whited 1061, 155, July 9, 1896; Ellensburg, Whited 662; Twisp River, Whited 36; Douglas City, Lake & Hull 757; Coulee City, Spillman, May 27, 1896 in part. 16. Lupinus ornatus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1216. 1828. PLATE XXII. Type LocaLity: “In mountain valleys, on the banks of the Spokan River, near Kettle Falls, on the River Columbia; and also near the chain of lakes of the last mentioned stream.” Rance: Washington, Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Henderson 2334; Yakima County, Henderson 2332, 2340, 2342; Ellensburg, Whited 23; Ainsworth, Brandegee 700; Spokane, Piper 1903; Spokane County, Suksdorf 267; Conconully, Whited 1308; Steamboat Rock, McKay 22; Pullman, Henderson 2339; Piper 3037; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas Creek, Cotton 1149; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1337. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 16a. Lupinus ornatus bracteatus Robinson, subsp. nov. Bracts much exceeding the buds, often recurved, somewhat persistent, much more con- spicuous than in the typical form.—Gravelly prairies. Bearing much the same relation to the typical form of Lupinus ornatus Dougl. as subspecies plumosus Robinson does to L. leucophyllus Lindl., and no more constant. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Henderson 2338 in part; Piper 2728, 2823, 2947; Almota, Piper 2939. . 17. Lupinus alpicola L. F. Henderson in herb. Stems several from a thickish caudex, scaly at the base, erect, 30 to 50 cm. high, simple or nearly so, leafy, covered by a fine short closely appressed pubescence; petioles slender, erect, all but the upper exceeding the 7 or 8 leaflets; these linear-oblanceolate, acute, finely serice- ous-pubescent on both surfaces, 2.6 to 3.6 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. broad; racemes mostly terminal on the stems, shortly peduncled, loosely flowered, 7 to 10 cm. long; bracts lanceo- late, sericeous-pubescent, rather short, when persisting not equaling the tomentulose pedicels; petals purplish blue; standard suborbicular, sparingly villous near the middle 356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. dorsally; keel strongly ciliated; pods lance-oblong, acute, silky, 2.4 to 3 em. long, 4 or 5- seeded.—I lowering in August. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington, Mount Adams, Henderson 1387; Suksdorf'111; Oregon, north side of Mount Hood, Howell. 18. Lupinus littoralis Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1198. 1828. Tyee Locatity: “On the seashore from Cape Mendocino to Puget’s Sound. Collected by Douglas. RANGE: Seacoast of Washington, Oregon, and northern California. « SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, //mer 2537; Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Lamb 1110; Coupeville, Gardner 65; waco, Piper 4997. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This is the ‘liquorice root”? mentioned by Lewis and Clark and formerly used as food by the natives. 19. Lupinus volcanicus Greene, Pittonia 3: 308. 1898. Type Locatity: Mount Rainier, Washington. Rance: Known only from Mount Rainier. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2120 and in 1889; Fett 296. ‘ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 20. Lupinus saxosus Howell, Erythea 1: 110, 1893. Type Locauity: “On high stony ridges, from near the Dalles eastward, in Oregon and Washington.’’ Collected by Howell. ° Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Wenache, Whited 29, 98, 38. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 21. Lupinus subalpinus Piper & Robinson, sp. nov. (§ Saxost). Lupinus areticus S. Wat. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 526. 1873, as to plant of Lyall, not as to arctic elements. Erect or somewhat decumbent, spreading-villous; stems simple, 25 to 40 cm. high, leafy; leaflets spatulate-oblanceolate, rounded or obtuse at the apex, villous beneath, sparsely so or rarely quite glabrous above, 3 to 4.2 cm. long; raceme terminal, 10 to 15 cm. long, many- flowered, borne on a stoutish peduncle 3 to 5cm. in length; pedicels slender, 4 to 8 mm. long, spreading-pubescent; flowers large and showy; petals 12 to 16 mm. long; the standard glabrous; the keel entirely glabrous or with traces of ciliation; pods linear-oblong, about 3.5 cm. in length, obliquely sharp-pointed, 7 to 9-seeded. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall 1860; dry slopes on Mount Rainier, Piper 463, 4114; F.C. Smith 463; Wenache, Washington, Whited. This species differs from L. sarosus, Howell, in its greater stature, larger leaflets, and only obsoletely ciliate keel; from L. wyethii S. Wats., in the form of the leaflets, as well as in the sparse pubescence usually present on their upper surface. Other specimens referable here are the following: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull; Mount Adams, Flett 1254; Henderson 15; Suksdorf 2561, 108, 1787; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 699; Elmer 1205; Goat Mountains, Allen 30. 22. Lupinus wyethii 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873. Type Locauity: ‘Flat-Head River.”’ Collected by Wyeth. RanGE: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 89; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 702; Spangle, Suksdorf 266; Piper 3551; Pullman, Piper, June 13, 1896; Union Flat, Piper 1900; Wawawai, Elmer 764; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 200. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 307 23. Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1096. 1827. TypE LocaLity: “In the North-West of North America.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3878; Whatcom County, Gardner; Seattle, Piper, July, 1897; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Maxfield, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper 4925. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. { 24. Lupinus burkei 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 525. 1873. Type Locatiry: “Snake Country.’”’ Collected by Burke. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper 2875, 3548; Silver Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Cheney, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker 16; without locality, Vasey 265. The following specimens are not typical, but for the present are referred here: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1112; Wenache Mountains, mer 454; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 25. Lupinus rivularis Doug]. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1595. 1833 Type Locaity: “Native of California.’ Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Piper 4924; Clallam County, Elmer 2542; Orchard Point, Piper 2315; Montesano, Heller 3906; Hoodsport, Henderson 1875; Chehalis County, Lamb 1181; Kittitas County, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2566; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2563; Moss Creek, Suksdorf 2565, 2564; Tacoma, Fett 112; Leckenby, June 10, 1898; Charleston, Piper, July 2, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 26. Lupinus sabinii Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830. Tyre Locauity: “On the Blue Mountains of North America, and on the dividing ridge of the Rocky Mountains near the confines of perpetual snow.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and probably of Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains near Waitsburg, Piper 2331, Horner 91; near the same place, Cusick 3011. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. These specimens have somewhat smaller flowers than Douglas’ originals, and differ slightly in pubescence. 27. Lupinus sulphureus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1830. TypPE Locauity: “On the Blue Mountains of North West America and on elevated grounds near the sources of Clarke’s River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2332; Horner 87, 88. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian or Canadian. 28. Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1140. 1828. Lupinus arbustus Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1.230. 1829. Type Locaity: “In dry, open, gravelly plains about the great rapids of the River Co- lumbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. Range: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 703; North Yakima, //enderson 2337; Ellensburg, Piper 2727; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2569; Columbus, Suksdexf 1792; For illustration of Lupinus rivularis, see Plate X, facing page 42. 308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Chenowith, Suksdorf 2568; without locality, Vasey 264; Blue Mountains, Horner 277; Piper 2329: Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1301; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1519; Wenache, Whited 96, 41, 3,104, and June 28, 1896; near Wenache, Whited 120; Wenache, Whited 1105. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 28a. Lupinus laxiflorus, forma theiochrous Robinson, forma nov. Corolla sulphur-yellow. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near top of ridge, northern slope of Rattlesnake Mountains, Yakima County, Washington, J. 8. Cotton, July 16, 1900. Lupinus HOLOSERICEUS Nutt, LUPINUS ARGENTEUS Pursh, LuPINUS PARVIFLORUS Nutt. These three names are included in Suksdorf’s list, but we have been unable to find good evidence that the species occur in the State. ULEX. 1. Ulex europaeus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 741. 1753. Gorse. Furze. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Anglia, Gallia, Brabantia.” This plant is well established on Alki Point near Seattle, and has also been reported from other localities. MELILOTUS. Flowers white. ..........-.-------- 0-2-2202 22-2 ee ee ee ee ee eee eee ees 1. M. albus. Flowers yellow. ........-----.----. 2-22-2222 0-22-22 eee ee ee eee eee 2. M. officinalis. 1. Melilotus albus Desr. iin Lam. Eneyc. 4: 63. 1797. SWEET CLOVER. Tyre Locaity: Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 398. 2. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. FI. Fr. 2: 594. 1778. YELLOW MELILOT. Trifolium melilotus officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 765. 1753. Tyree LocaLity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 345. TRIFOLIUM. C.Lovenr. Leaflets 5 to 7; flowers large, 2 to 3 cm. long ...-...--.--------- 1. T. macrocephalum. Leaflets 3; flowers smaller. Heads not subtended by an involucre. Perennials; with thick roots or creeping rootstocks. Heads on axillary peduncles; introduced. Flowers white; stems creeping......-.....-.--- 10. T. repens. Flowers pink; stems procumbent..........-.-.- 11. T. hybridum. Heads on terminal peduncles; native. Leaves glabrous; corolla red_....... 2.2.2. -.--- 2. T. douglasir. Leaves pubescent. Calyx-teeth plumose. Heads ovoid, becoming oblong........- 3. T. plumosum. Heads globose. Lobes of the calyx subequal, 3 to 4 times as long as the tube _....-- 4. T. eriocephalum. Lobes of the calyx unequal, the anterior twice as long as the calyx tube and the other lobes......... 5.°7'. areuatum. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 309 Calyx teeth hairy, not plumose. Flowers red; stipules aristate.......... 9. Flowers whitish; stipules not aristate. Flowers pedicelled; heads globose . 6. 7. latifotium. Flowers subsessile. Heads obovate; corollas not inflated; leaflets soft; stip- a] —Q . pratense. ules acuminate ........... 7. T. longipes. Heads globose; corollas in- flated; leaflets firm; stip- ules obtusish....2..2-.... 8. T. coviilei. Annuals; roots fibrous. Calyx teeth plumose. Heads ovate; flowers dark purple. ........-.--- 12. T. albopurpureum Heads oblong; flowers pink...........-.---.--- 13. T. arvense. Calyx teeth not plumose. Corollas whitish, not becoming papery. Teeth of the calyx scarious-margined and ciliate... 2.222... Lee eee ee ee ee ee eee 14. 7. ctliolatum. Teeth of the calyx not scarious-margined nor ciliate. Leaflets not notched at apex... --.-.-- 15. T. gracilentum.- Leaflets notched at apex...........-.. 16. T. halli. Corollas yellow, becoming papery in age. Heads 20 to 40-flowered; standard distinctly striate.....-...-.-2-2-----.----------- 17. 1. procumbens. Heads 3 to 15-flowered; standard faintly striate... ......02-2-----222----------- 18. T. dubium. Heads subtended by an involucre. Corolla becoming conspicuously inflated, yellowish... . -- - 19. 7. flavulum. Corolla not becoming inflated. Involucre deeply cleft, the lobes laciniately toothed; flowers dark purple. Perennial with creeping rootstocks............- 20. 7. fimbriatum. Annuals. Stems erect; calyx-lobes often 3-toothed; leaflets linear...........-..--.---.----- 21. T. tridentatum. Stems decumbent; calyx-lobes usually entire. Leaflets linear......2.222..-.--------- 22. T. oliganthum Leaflets obovate or obcordate......--..- 23. T. variegatum. Involucre not deeply cleft, its lobes serrate or entire; flowers white or pale pink; annuals. Glabrous; calyx teeth slender and branched. .-.. 24. 7. cyathiferum Villous; calyx teeth scarious-margined. Involucre nearly inclosing the head... ..-. 25. T. microdon. Involucre merely basal..........-.-.----- 26. T. microcephalum, 1. Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir. Encye. Suppl. 5: 336. 1817. Lupinaster macrocepalus Pursh, Fl. 2: 479. 1814. Trifolium megacephalum Nutt. Gen. 2: 105. 1818. Type cocaity: ‘ Headwaters of the Missouri.”” Collected by Lewis. The specimens were really collected, however, at ‘Rock Fort Camp,” the Dalles of the Columbia. Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and Idaho. 360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1355, 11; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat County, Howell 126; Cleman Mountain, Henderson in 1892; near Mount’ Adams, Flett 1259; ‘“‘Ketetas” Valley, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains near source of Walla Walla River, Douglas in 1826; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Kittitas County, Cotton 1606. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Trifolium douglasii House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 335. 1906. Trifolium altissimum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1830, not Loisel. Fl. Gall, 2: 479, 1807. Type Loca.ity: ‘“ Between the Spokane River and Kettle Falls of the Columbia.’ Col- lected by Douglas. Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Et of W. Walla,’ Nuttall; Spokane County, Suksdorf ; Spokane, Henderson, June, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1485; Hull 436; without locality, Geyer 472. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Trifolium plumosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 130. 1880. Type Locatity: “Blue Mts. in North-West America in alluvial soils.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Western Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and doubtfully southeastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Douglas in 1830 (a Washington locality /). ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 4. Trifolium eriocephalum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 313. 1838. Tyre Locaity: ‘Prairies of the Wahlamet and near Fort Vancouver.’ Nuttall. Range: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. , Collected by 5. Trifolium arcuatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 39. 1901. TYPE LocALITy: Simcoe Mountains, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 270. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Trifolium latifolium (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 223. 1897. Trifolium longipes latifolium Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 209, 1847. Type LocaLiry: “Open pine woods on the undulating ridges of the Coeur d’Alene Mountains, near St. Josephs,’’ Idaho. Collected by Geyer. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. _ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July, 1892; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 437; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 527; Spokane County, Suksdorf 919, 918; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 7. Trifolium longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 314. 1838. Trifolium caurinum Piper, Erythea 6: 29. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Valleys of the central chain of the Rocky Mountains and on the moist plains of the Oregon as low as the Wahlamet.”’ Collected by Nuttall. RanGeE: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb; Clallam County, Elmer 2538; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2577; Klickitat River, Flett 1263; PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 361 ‘Columbia and Walla Walla,” Nuttall; without locality, Brandegee 708; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clealum, Cotton 855; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1317, 1314, 1316, 1462; Cape Horn, Piper 520, 4970. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition or Canadian. 8. Trifolium covillei House, Bot. Gaz. 41: 337. 1906. Type Locatity: Bog lands in the Wenache Mountains, Kittitas County, Washington, collected by Coville. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Coville 1180. 9. Trifolium pratense L. Sp. PI. 2: 768. 1758. RED CLOVER. Type LocaLity: European. Abundantly cultivated and established in fields and by waysides. 10. Trifolium repens L. Sp. P1. 2: 767. 1753. WHITE CLOVER. Type LocaLity: European. Established in most parts of the State. 11. Trifolium hybridum L. Sp. PI. 2: 766. 1753. ALSIKE CLOVER. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1893. Cultivated and established in fields and by waysides nearly everywhere. 12. Trifolium albopurpureum Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 313, 1838. Type Locauiry: California. Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 2578; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Seattle, Smith in 1889; Piper in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, This species has been considered identical with the Chilean 7’. mdcraei Wook. & Arn., but it seems amply distinct. 13. Trifolium arvense L. Sp. PI. 2: 769. 1753. RABBIT-FOOT CLOVER. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europa, America septentrionali.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Pullman, Piper, July 24, 1899. 14. Trifolium ciliolatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 304. 1548. Trifolium ciliatum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. s. 1: 152. 1847, not Clarke 1813-16. Type Locauity: “In pascuis vallis Sacramenti,’”’ California. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 44. 15. Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 1: 316. 1838. Type Locatity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 1800; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 16. Trifolium hallii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 135, 1898. Trifolium bifidum decipiens Greene, Fl. Fran. 1: 24. 1891, not J. decipiens Hornem. 1815. Trifolium greenei House, Bot. Gaz, 41: 334. 1906. Type Locauity; “In the Bay district,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Klickitat County Suksdorf 8, White Salmon, Suksdorf 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. Trifolium procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 2: 772. 1753. Type Locatitry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Suksdorf 1804; Tacoma, Leckenby, May, 1898. 18. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Fl. Oxon. 231. 1794. Trifolium minus Smith, Engl. Bot. pl. 1256. 1799. Type Locatity: Near Oxford, England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chenowith, Suksdorf 2585. 19. Trifolium flavulum Greene, Pittonia 2: 223. 1892. Tyre Locauiry: Western California. Rance: Western California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 25, 1890; Whatcom, Suksdorf 1802; Seattle, Piper in 1889. These are probably all introduced from California. 20. Trifolium fimbriatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1070. 1827. Trifolium spinulosum Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 133. 1830. Trifolium heterodon Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 318. 1838. Type Locatity: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Lamb 1165; Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, Henderson; Spokane, Piper, Sa ndberg, Heller, & MacDougal 1028; Marshall Junction, Piper; Clallam County, Elmer 2539; Coupeville, Gardner 70; Seattle, Piper 2761; Smith 473; Henderson 2329; Olympia, Henderson 2329 ; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Spangle, Suksdorf 272; Medical Lake, Henderson 2330; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Cooper in 1854; waco, Piper 4989. The Californian T. wormskioldii Lehm. is distinguished by its less deeply lobed involucre. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 21. Trifolium tridentatum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pl. 1070. 1827. Tyre Locatity: Columbia River. Collected by Douglas. Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2536; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858-59; Coupeville, Gardner 71; Tacoma, Flet 903; Fourth Plain, Piper 3073; Rock Island, Henderson; Vancouver, Piper 4933. ZONAL DistRipuTION: Humid Transition. 22. Trifolium oliganthum Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 2: 707. 1841. Trifolium pauciflorum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 319. 1838, not Urv. 1822. Tyre Locaxity: ‘Wet places on the higher plains of the Oregon, particularly abundant near the outlet of the Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. Range: Vancouver Island to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 727; Tacoma, Flett 904, 188; Rock Island, Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 23. Trifolium variegatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 317. 1838. Trifolium melananthum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 331. 1839. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Springy places near the mouth of the Wahlamet,”’ Oregon. Col- lected by. Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 68; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Smith; Olympia, Henderson 2327, 2328; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2580; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie (2); Yakima County, Suksdorf 273; Yakima, Watt; Ellensburg, Whited 491; Elmer 402; Egbert PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 363 Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 401; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 435; Spokane, Piper; Spo- kane County, Suksdorf 2581; Meyers Falls, Kreager 504; Prosser, Cotton 737, 810; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 24. Trifolium cyathiferum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: under pl. 1070. 1827. Type Locauity: “Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: British Columbia to Idaho and north California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 9; Klickitat River, Flett 1263a,; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 303; Spokane County, Suksdorf 2584; Pullman, Piper 1484; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 433; Blue Mountains, Horner 316. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 25. Trifolium microdon Hook. & Arn. Hook. Bot. Mise. 3: 180. 1833. Tyre Locaxity: Valparaiso, Chile. Rance: Vancouver Island to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lam) 1266; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 1803; Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Port Ludlow, Binns; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Ilwaco, Piper 4994, 4961. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hfumid Transition. 26. Trifolium microcephalum Pursh, Fl. 2: 478. 1s1/4. Type Locauiry: “On the banks of Clark’s River.” Collected by Lewis. The exact spot is on the Bitter Root River, Montana, near the mouth of the Lolo, Rance: British Columbia to west Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 69; Puget Sound, Suckley; Everett, Piper, July, 1892, Tacoma, Flett 905; Charleston, Piper, July, 1895; Woodlawn, HHender- son, June, 1892; Ellensburg, Elmer 404; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 421; Muckle- shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 434; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Dewart in 1900: Henderson, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 274; Coppei River, Horner 597; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Areager 138; Fort Vancouver, Scouler. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. MEDICAGO. Annual; flowers yellow. Pod, 1-seeded, black, reticulate .........-......---------------- 1. M. lupulina. Pod several-seeded, twisted, spiny on the edge..._..------------- 2. M. denticulata. Perennial: flowers violet.....-.---------.-----------+--+----------- 3. M. sativa. 1. Medicago lupulina L. Sp. PI. 2: 779. 1755. YELLOW TREFOIL. TyprE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Bin- gen, Suksdorf 2587; Walla Walla, Leckenby, May, 1898. 2. Medicago denticulata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1414. 1803. Bur CLOVER. Type Locatiry: None cited. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Suksdorf 1806; Tacoma, Flett 52; Seattle, Piper in 1888. 3. Medicago sativa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 778. 1753. ALFALFA. Tyre Locauiry: “Habitat in Hispaniae, Galliae apricis.”’ Abundantly cultivated, especially in eastern Washington, and a frequent escape. PSORALEA. Leaflets broadly ovate...........-.-------------------------- +--+ +> 1. P. physodes. Leaflets lanceolate............-------------------- ee ee ee eee eee ee 2. P. lanceolata. 364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Psoralea physodes Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 136. 1830. Type Locauity: “From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and north.California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 89; Seattle, Piper 58; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4049; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull August, 1892; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. - Through an unquestionable error Piper no. 58 was referred to P. pedunculata Mill. in the Torrey Bulletin.a The latter species is not known west of the Rocky Mountains. The type locality as above given is very likely the result of an error. This species is at present known from east of the Cascade Mountains at but a single station—near Troy, Idaho. 2. Psoralea lanceolata scabra (Nutt.). Psoralea scabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 300. 1838. Psoralea purshit Vail, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 94. 1889. Type Locauity: ‘On the Walla-Wallah.”’ Collected by Townsend. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 384; Morgans Ferry, Suks- dorf 275; White Bluffs, Dunn 206; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 664; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 963; Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Almota, Piper 1851; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 429; Elmer 748; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1364; Craigs Ferry, Cotton. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This plant as to type specimen differs from P. lanceolata Pursh only in its white villous pods, and all intergrades as to the amount of this pubescence occur. GLYCYRRHIZA. 1. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Gen. 2: 106. 1818. WILD LICORICE Type Locauiry: “St. Louis,’’ Missouri. RanGE: Washington to Hudson Bay, Arkansas, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 342; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1809; Almota, Piper 1582; Wawawai, Piper 1482; Spokane, Kreager 539. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species has been reported as a bad weed in Washington, but there is no recent evi- dence to this effect. la. Glycyrrhiza lepidota glutinosa (Nutt.) S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 144. 1876. Glycyrrhiza glutinosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 298. 1838. Type Locauity: “Banks of Lewis’s River’’ in South Idaho. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall. HOSACKIA. Perennials; flowers in umbels. Pods linear, glabrous, many-seeded. Leaflets 5 to 9, glabrous or nearly so. Peduncles usually naked; corolla with yellow standard and white wings ..................-.2-.2............... 1. H. bicolor. Peduncles with a bract at the umbel; corolla with yellow standard and purple wings. .........2...22..0.-2-.----- 2. H. gracilis. Leaflets 9 to 15; flowers purple... _. eee eee ee eee eee ee eee 3. 1. crassifolia. @ Bull. Torr. Club 21: 114. 1894. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 365 Pods curved, pubescent, 1 or 2-seeded; flowers yellow; foliage pubescent ......--------- +--+ ---- 2-2 e ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee 4. H. decumbens. Annuals: flowers solitary or sometimes two on the peduncles of the first species. Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves. Flowers 3 to 4 mm. long; leaflets oblong to ovate, usually gla- brous .....------------ 22 e eee ee ee ee eee eee eee 5. H. parviflora. Flowers 5 to 6 mm. long; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, usually villous ........--.-------------- 22 ee eee eee eee eee 6. H. americana. Peduncles very short, the flowers nearly sessile; calyx lobes denticu- late 20.2. ee ee ee ee ee ee eee eee 7. H. denticulata. 1. Hosackia bicolor Doug. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1257. 1829. Lotus pinnatus Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2913. 1829 (December 1). Type Locauity: “In overflowed meadows between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Woodlawn, Henderson, June, 1892; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1161; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Palouse River, Lyall in 1860: Pullman, Hull 782; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Hosackia gracilis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365, 1837. Lotus formosissimus Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890. Type Locaity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Monterey Bay, California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3934; Henderson 2350. b 3. Hosackia crassifolia Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 365, 1837. Hosackia stolonifera Lind]. Bot. Reg. 23: pl. 1977. 1837. Hosackia platycarpa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 323. 1838. Lotus crassifolius Greene, Pittonia 2: 147. 1890. Type Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to southern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3925; Mason County, Piper 1044; Chehalis County, Lamb 1170; Tacoma, Flett 55; Steilacoom, Howell in 1878; Dalles, Lyall in 1860; Klickitat County, Suksdorf. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Hosackia decumbens Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1257. 1829. Lotus douglasii Greene, Pittonia 2: 149. 1890. Type Locaurry: ‘ Northwest coast of America.’ Rance: Washington to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 57; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4047: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 112; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Henderson, July, 1892; Elmer 376; Spokane, Kreager 2; Dalles, Lyall in 1860. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. , Collected by Douglas. 5. Hosackia parviflora Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1257. 1829. Hosackia microphylla Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 326. 1888. Lotus micranthus Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 367. 1837. Type Locatiry: ‘Northwest coast of America.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3911; Chehalis County, Lamb 1151; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 5, 1889; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 533; without locality, Cooper; Lyall; Vancouver, Piper 4930. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Hosackia americana (Nutt.). Trigonella americana Nutt. Gen. 2: 120. 1818. Lotus sericeus Pursh, Fl. 2: 489, 1814, not DC. 1813. Hosackia purshiana Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1257. 1829. tHosackia unifoliata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 135, 1880, Hosackia elata glabra Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 327. 1838. Hosackia elata Nutt. loc. cit. Hosackia floribunda Nutt. loc. cit. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.’’ Rance: Washington to Minnesota, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 578; North Yakima, Watt; Rock Island, Sand- berg & Leiberg 427; Wenache, Whited 1148; Tacoma, Flett 902; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 2332; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 430; Chelan, Elmer 493; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; head of Grand Coulee, McKay 24; Pullman, Hull in 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1483; without locality, Vasey 270; Mount Carlton, Kreager 155; Clarks Springs, Kreager 108; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 692; Walla Walla, Griffiths & Cotton 552. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. Nuttall’s Hosackia elata glabra is a nearly glabrous plant matched by Cotton’s 801 from Toppenish. It should perhaps be accorded subspecific rank. 6a. Hosackia americana pilosa (Nutt.). Hosackia pilosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 327. 1838. Hosackia mollis Nutt. loc. cit. . Type Locauitry: “ Plains of the Rocky Mountain range, towards the Oregon.” Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, //ull, July 16, 1892. 7. Hosackia denticulata Drew, Bull. Torr. Club 16: 151. 1889. Lotus denticulatus Greene, Pittonia 2: 139. 1890. Tyre Locauiry: “Mad River near Jarnigan’s,”’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Gulf of Georgia, Henderson in 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 66; Fairhaven, Piper 2809; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellens- burg, Elmer 370; Whited 509; Piper 2743; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Colville Res- ervation, Griffiths & Cotton 371. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. This species has been confused with H. subpinnata Torr. & Gr.,from which it appears clearly distinct. HEDYSARUM. Flowers purple.....-..--.------------------ 22-2 eee ee ee eee eee 1. HT. occidentale. Flowers yellowish...............-.-.--------------------------- 2. H. sulphurescens. 1. Hedysarum occidentale Greene, Pittonia 3: 19. 1896. Hedysarum uintahense A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 15: 186. 1902, at least in part. Type Locatity: Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2227; Henderson 1850; J. M. Grant 156; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1318; without locality, Sandberg & Leiberg 494; Clallam County, Elmer 2529. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species is very close to H. boreale Nutt. (41. americanum (Michx.) Britton.), perhaps not distinet from it. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 367 2. Hedysarum sulphurescens Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897. Hedysarum flavescens Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 300. 1893, not Regel & Schmalh. 1882. Type Locatiry: Helena, Montana. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, /lmer 551. ARAGALLUS. Locoween. 1. Aragallus gracilis A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 60. 1899. TyPE Loca.ity: “Limestone Range in the Black Hills, Wyoming.” Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2532; Loomis, Elmer 595. Professor Greene erects a new species, A. luteolus, on Elmer’s 2532.4 2. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 212. 1897, Oxytropis monticola A, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 6. 1885. Type Locatity: Northwestern Wyoming. Collected by Parry. RanGE: Washington to Wyoming, Dakota, and Alberta. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant 21; Flett 134, 803; Goat Mountains, Allen 245. PHACA. MILK VETCH. Pods membranaceous, thin, much inflated. Herbage slightly pubescent; pods 2-celled........22.2222.-.2.- 1. P. lentiginosa. Herbage silky or villous; pods 1-celled. Pods very thin, 3 to 5 em. long.......2 2222.22.22 eee ee eee 2. P. hookeriana. Pods firm, 10 to 12 mm. long... 22.22.2222 22.22 eee ee ee eee 3. P. suksdorfii. Pods coriaceous or chartaceous, not inflated. Herbage long-hairy or woolly. Pods woolly or villous, not compressed. Pods 1-celled, somewhat curved, soft-woolly. Flowers ochroleucous.........-.-2-2-2-.-22++2--- 4. P. purshii. Flowers purple. Stems elongate, prostrate; leaflets 21 to 25.... 5. P. inflera. Stems erect, very short; leaflets 7 to 11.....-- 6. P. glareosa. Pods 2-celled, small, ovate, short-villous. Spike dense; flowers 10 mm. long................. 7. P. spaldingii. Spike loose; flowers 6 mm. long. ......-.-...-.-.. 8. P. lyallii. Pods glabrous, strongly compressed, faleate.......2.2.--2--- 9. P. succumbens Herbage and pods glabrous or short-pubescent. Pods conspicuously stipitate, the stipe equaling or exceeding the calyx. Calyx oblique; pods curved or coiled, the sutures promi- nent. Pods coiled, glabrous...............2222-2-2-2--- 10. P. speirocarpa Pods curved, not coiled, Leaflets 5 to 7 pairs, oblong or obovate; stipe as long as the calyx... 2.222222 eee eee 11. P. sinuata. Leaflets 6 to 9 pairs, linear; stipe much exceed- ing the calyx..-. 2... _. --.ee-ee-- 12. P. podocarpa. Calyx not oblique; pods straight or nearly so. Neither suture of the pods impressed. @ Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 18: 17. 1905. 368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Pods somewhat flattened, pendent, smooth and shining.........-.-.---------------+-+--- 15. P. stenophylla. Pods not at all flattened. Flowers and pods reflexed....-..--.----- 16. P. collina. Flowers spreading; pods erect... ..-.----- 17. P. tweedyi. One of the sutures of the pod impressed or intruded. Pods compressed. Pods reflexed, the dorsal suture intruded to divide the pod into 2 cells........--- 13. P. misella. Pods pendent, the ventral suture intruded. 14, P. alpina. Pods obcompressed, the dorsal suture impressed. Leaflets glabrous, broadly oval......----- 18. P. beckwithir. Leaflets pubescent, lance-oblong... ~~... - 19. P. arrecta. Pods sessile or nearly so. Pods 2-celled by the intrusion of the sutures. ° Flowers greenish or yellowish; pods oblong... ..--.- 20. P. mortoni. Flowers purple or purplish. Pods oblong; flowers spicate.....-...-.------- 21. P. adsurgens. Pods ovate; flowers capitate. .....-.-.------- 22. P. agrestis. Pods 1-celled. Flowers subsessile in the leaf axils; leaflets -™ prickly-pointed. . wees .. 30. P. viridis. Flowers in racemes or or spikes: leaflets not rigid nor prickly-pointed. Inflorescence racemose; pods not linear. Pods subglobose, pubescent, chartaceous.. 26. P. misera. Pods oblong or ovate, coriaceous. Sutures of the turgid pod both promi- nent; flowers greenish...... 2.2. --.- 23. P. reventa. Sutures of the pod not both prominent, the dorsal impressed. Flowers greenish; leaflets 21 to 29. 24. P. hoodiana. Flowers purplish; leaflets 11 to 21. 25. Inflorescence spicate; pods linear, chartaceous. Keel of the corolla with a long inflexed beak. 27. P. convallaria Keel of the corolla short-beaked. Calyx teeth nearly as long as the tube. 28. P. decumbens. Calyx teeth one-third as long as the tube... 2.2222 ee eee eee ee eee 29. P. serotina. P. conjuncta, 1. Phaca lentiginosa (Doug].). Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor Am. 1: 151. 1830. ? Astragalus diaphanus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 151, 1880. Type vocaxiry: “Subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3885; Henderson 2353; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 663; Ellensburg, Piper 2674; Toppenish, Piper, July 10, 1897; Sprague, Sandberg & Letberg 132; Cow Creck, Lyall in 1860; Klickitat County, Howell; Coulee City, Piper 3885; Washtucna, Colton 975. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Astragalus diaphanus Dougl., said to be abundant ‘‘on sandy soil near the Great Falls of the Columbia,’ has never been satisfactorily identified. While possibly referable to A. lentiginosus, the characters of “ pilose-scabrous’’ herbage and “linear faleate’ pods point strongly to some other species. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 369 2. Phaca hookeriana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 693. 1840. Astragalus hookerianus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 215. 1864. Astragalus olympicus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 573. 1902. Type Locauity: “Interior of Oregon.”’ Collected by Douglas. tance: Washington to Nevada and California. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, //mer 2531; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 725; upper Yakima River, Brandegee 33; Blue Mountains, Piper 2405; Horner B146, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Phaca suksdorfii (Howell). Astragalus suksdorfii Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1893. Tyre Locauiry: ‘In loose voleanic soil near the base of Mount Adams,’’ Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGE: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 113. 4. Phaca purshii (Dougl.). Astragalus purshii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 152. 1830. Type vocauity: “On the low hills of the Spokan River,” Washington. Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1023; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Coulee City, Piper 3861; Spokane, Piper 2288; Henderson 2357; Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893: Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 18; Spangle, Piper, May, 1898; Chelan Butte, Grif- fiths & Cotton 168. ZONAL pistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4a. Phaca purshii tincta (Jones). Astragalus purshii tinctus Jones, Zoe 4: 269. 1893. Type Locauity: ‘ Edgewood, near Mt. Shasta,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Suksdorf 50. 5. Phaca inflexa (Dougl.). Astragalus inflerus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830. Type Locauity: “On the barren sandy grounds of the Columbia, from the junction of Lewis and Clarke’s River to the Mountains.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Opposite Umatilla, Howell 42; Kooskooskee to Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 529; without locality, Brandegee 722; Wawawai, Elmer 112; Hull in 1892: Almota, Piper 1492, 2938; Illia, Lake & Hull 665; without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Sandberg & Levberg in 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Phaca glareosa (Dougl.). Astragalus glareosus Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 52. 1830. Astragalus allanaris Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 141. 1894. Tyre tocauity: “Plentiful on dry gravelly banks of rivers, from the confluence of Lewis and Clarke’s River with the Columbia to the mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2680; Whited, April, 1897, and 18; North Yaki- ma, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Leckenby, April, 1898; Henderson 2356; Pasco, Hindshaw 46; Coulee City, Piper 3861; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 552. The above identification of Douglas’s A. glareosus with Sheldon’s A. allanaris is not without misgivings, but the original description points to this species rather than to any other. 29418—06 mM——24 370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Phaca spaldingii (A. Gray). Astragalus spaldingii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 524. 1865. Astragalus chaetodon Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 194. 1866, not Bunge, 1851. Type Locaity: ‘Clearwater”’ River, Idaho. Collected by Spalding. Rance: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Sandberg & Letberg 149b; Henderson in 1892; Rattle- snake Mountains, Suksdorf 283; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 716; Pullman, Piper 1494; Henderson in 1892; Connell, Leckenby, June, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Phaca lyallii (A. Gray). Astragalus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6 : 195. 1865. Type LocaLity: “Upper Yakima River,” Washington. Collected by Lyall in 1860. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Eimer 366; Henderson 2354; Piper 2683; North Yakima, Henderson 2354; Upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 282; Pasco, Hindshaw 52; Coulee City, Piper 3856; Sprague, Sandberg d& Leiberg 149a; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 717; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mount- ains, Griffiths & Cotton 23; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 3. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 9. Phaca succumbens (Dougl.). Astragalus suecumbens Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 151. 1830. Astragalus dorycnioides Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 151. 1832. Type Locauity: “On the barren grounds of the Columbia and near the Wallawallah River.” Collected by Douglas. RancGeE: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat, J. Howell; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Wallula, Brandegee 719; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, May, 1898; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Wal- lula, Cotton 1063, 1040; Craigs Ferry, Cotton 1342. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 10. Phaca speirocarpa (A. Gray). ; Astragalus speirocar pus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865. Type Locaity: ‘‘Wenass”’ River, Washington. Collected by Lyall. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898; North Yakima, Leckenby, April 22,1898; Yakima County, Brandegee 32,728; Henderson 2351; Naches Valley, Piper 2758; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 277; Bickleton, Suksdorf 278; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; opposite Alkali, Howell 46; Moxee, Griffiths & Cotton 45; between Mabton and Satus, Cotton 1117. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 11. Phaca sinuata (Piper). Astragalus sinuatus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 28: 40. 1901. Astragalus whitedit Piper, Bull. Torr. Club, 29; 224. 1902. Type LocaLity: Eastern Washington. Collected by Brandegee. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colockum Creek, Whited 1353; Eastern Washington, Brandegee 739. 12. Phaca podocarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 142. 1830. Astragalus sclerocarpus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 225. 1865. Tyre Locaity: ‘Great [Celilo] Falls of the Columbia.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896; North Yakima, Henderson 2352; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 279, 280; near the Great Falls of the Columbia, Douglas; PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 371 near Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 727; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Pasco, May 26, 1899; Henderson 2352; opposite Willows, Howell; Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 312; near Eltopia, Cotton 1021; near Delight, Cotton 999; Wallula, Cotton 1043. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 13. Phaca misella (S. Wats.). Astragalus misellus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 449. 1886. Type Locaity: Mitchell, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 291; Piper 2681. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 14. Phaca alpina (L.). Astragalus alpinus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 760. 1753. Type LocaLity: “Habitat in alpibus Lapponicis, Helveticis.” RanGE: British Columbia to Hudson Bay and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Damp thickets, Conconully, Whited 1307. 15. Phaca stenophylla (Torr. & Gr.). Astragalus stenophyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 329. 1888. Astragalus leptophyllus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 18. 1834, not Desf. 1800. Astragalus filipes Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 278. 1874. Type Loca.ity: “Headwaters of the Missouri.”” Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 565; Piper 2717; Johnsons Canyon, Yakima County, Brandegee 732; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Henderson 2358; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 281; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 440. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 16. Phaca collina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 141. 1830. Astragalus collinus Dougl.; G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 2: 256. 1832. Astragalus cyrtoides A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 201. 1865. Type Locauiry: “On the subalpine range of the Blue Mountains, in dry soils.” Col- lected by Douglas. RanGeE: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ritzville, Sandberg cd Leiberg 196; Sprague, Henderson 2360; Sandberg & Leiherg in 1893; Wawawai, Elmer 749; Piper 1792; Waitsburg, Horner 98; Wallula, Brandegee 730. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 17. Phaca tweedyi (Canby). Astragalus tweedyi Canby, Bot. Gaz. 15: 150. 1890. TypE LocaLity: “In prairies, Eastern Oregon.” RanGE: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hills along Columbia River, Yakima County, Brandegee 731. 18. Phaca beckwithii (Torr. & Gr.). Astragalus beckwithi Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2°: 120. 1854. Type LocaLity: “Cedar Mountains,” Utah. RanGE: British Columbia to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tukanon River, Brandegee 726. 19. Phaca arrecta (A. Gray). Astragalus arrectus A. Gray, Proce. Am. Acad. 8: 289. 1870. Astragalus palousensis Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896. 372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Astragalus arrectus palousensis Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 1902. Type Locauity: Kooskooskee [Clearwater] River, Idaho. Collected by Geyer. Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and adjacent,Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1493; Elmer in 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 19a. Phaca arrecta leibergii (Jones). Astragalus arrectus leibergii Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 10: 68. 1902. Astragalus leibergii Jones, Proc. Cal. Acad. II. 5: 663, 1895. Type Locauity: “Egbert Springs,’ Douglas County, Washington. Collected by Sand- berg & Leiberg. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiherg 354. 20. Phaca mortoni (Nutt.). Astragalus mortoni Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 19, 1834. Type Locauiry: “About the sources and upper branches of the Missouri.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Wat!, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 341; Beaver Creek, Whited 22, 232; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 667; ° Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892: Piper, June, 1897; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Almota, Piper 1864; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 79. ZONAL pistrRiBuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 21. Phaca adsurgens (Pall.). Astragalus adsurgens Pall. Astrag. 40. pl. 31. 1800. Astragalus adsurgens robustior Hook. Fl. Bor, Am. 1: 149. 1830. Astragalus nitidus Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. Astragalus striatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr FI, 1: 380. 1838. Type Locauity: “In regionem Trans-Baicalensibus, frequens ad Selengum, Ononem circa Tarei-noor et usque in Mongoliae desertum.” ‘ Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Oregon and Kansas. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silver Lake, Henderson 2359. 22. Phaca agrestis (Dougl.). Astragalus agrestis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor, Am. 1: 148. 1830. as synonym, Astragalus hypoglottis of American authors. Typr Locauity: “On the fertile plains of the Red River, and in the south, towards Pembina.” Rance: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Nebraska, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer 422; Ellensburg, Whited 457; Coulee City, Piper 3872; Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson 2361; Sandberg & Leiberg 137; Spokane County, Mrs. Susan Tucker, in 1892; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 286; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 344; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 265, ZONAL bistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 23. Phaca reventa (A. Gray). Astragalus reventus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 15: 46. 1879. Type Locatity: ‘Interior of Oregon.”’ Collected by Lyall. Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Mrs. Steinweg; Tampico, Hen- derson in 1892; Klickitat County, J. Howell, in 1878 and 1882, Cleman Mountain, Hender- son; Bishops, Piper 2887; Wawawai, Elmer 795, 3059; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 688; without locality, Vasey, in 1889. ZONAL pIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 373 23a. Phaca reventa canbyi (Jones). Astragalus revenius canbyi Jones, Contr. Western Bot. 8: 11. 1898. Type Locauity: “Yakima Region,’ Washington. Collected by Brandegee. Range: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 36. 24. Phaca hoodiana (Howell). Astragalus hoodianus Howell, Erythea 1: 111. 1898. Astragalus conjunctus oxrytropidoides Jones, Proc, Cal. Acad. II. 5: 665. 1895. Type Locauity: “Hood River to a point a few miles east of The Dalles,’’ Oregon. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains east of Lyle, Suksdorf 2589; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2588. 25. Phaca conjuncta (S. Wats.). Astragalus conjunctus S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 371. 1882. Type Locauity: ‘John Day Valley” and ‘Baker County,” Howell and by Cusick. Rance: Eastern Oregon and Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1041; Ellensburg, Brandegee 724; Piper 2716; Whited 618; White Salmon, Suksdorf’ 266; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Oregon. Collected by 26. Phaca misera (Dougl.). Astragalus miser Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 153. 1830. Astragalus microcystis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 220. 1865. Type Locauity: “On low hills of the Spokane River, sixty miles from its confluence with the Columbia.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyal/; Old Fort Colville, Watson 90; Box Canyon, Kreager 396. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 27. Phaca convallaria (Greene). Astragalus convallarius Greene, Erythea 1: 207. 1893. Astragalus campestris A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229, 1865, not L. 1753. Homalobus campestris Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 351, 1838, Type Locauity: “Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the Platte.”’ Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, July, 1893; Wenache, Whited 5, 211; Ophir, Elmer 528; Conconully, Whited 1309; Methow River, Whited, July 14, 1896; Beaver Creek, Whited 28; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 163; without locality, Vasey, in 1889. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 28. Phaca decumbens (Nutt.). Astragalus decumbens (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 229. 1865. Homalobus decumbens Nutt.; Torr. & Gr, Fl. 1: 352. 1838. Type Locaity: ‘Sandy plains of the Colorado of the West, near the sources of the Platte.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, LyalZ in 1860; near Spokane and Columbia Rivers, Geyer 475. RYE: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 29. Phaca serotina (A. Gray). Astragalus serotinus A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12%: 51, 1860, Type Locauity: “On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River,” Washington. Collected by Cooper. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “On the Okanogan, near the Columbia River, Lat. 48°, Oct. Cooper”; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 733; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 473, 163; Conconully, Whited 1309; without locality, Vasey 273; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 343. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 30. Phaca viridis (Nutt.). Astragalus viridis (Nutt.) Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Stud. 1%: 118. 1894. Kentrophyta viridis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 353. 1838. Kentrophyta montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 353, 1838. Astragalus kentrophyta A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 60. 1863. Type Locauity: “Hills of the Platte.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: South Dakota to New Mexico, Washington, and British America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 734. ASTRAGALUS LANOCARPUS Sheldon, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 144. 1894, was based on a plant collected by Joseph Howell in 1878 at Klickitat Prairie, Washington. We have not seen this species. It isa close ally of A. purshii, from which it is said to be distinguished by having narrow leaflets and stiff-hairy pods. VICIA. Vercu. Flowers in spikes or racemes on axillary peduncles. Annuals; peduncles few-flowered ; flowers very small, bluish- white _.....----------------+--+-------------- _.... 4. V. hirsuta. Perennials; peduncles mostly many-flowered. Flowers ochroleucous or tawny... ---.----.---------- 3. V. gigantea. Flowers violet or bluish-purple, rarely white. Raceme 1-sided, densely 15 to 40-flowered. .. -- - 1. V. eracea. Raceme loosely 5 to 20-flowered; leaflets ovate to oblong, acutish .........-----.------------- 2. V. americana. Leaflets truncate............------------- 2a. V. americana truncata. Leaflets linear...............-.-.--------- 2a.V. americana linearis. Flowers axillary, solitary or in twos, nearly sessile. Leaflets oblong to ovate; pods brown... ..-.----------- 5. V. sativa. Leaflets linear or linear-oblong; pods black ..---.------.- 6.V. angustifolia. 1. Vicia cracea L. Sp. Pl. 2: 735. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, New Jersey, and Kansas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 965; Gardner 418. 2. Vicia americana Muhl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1096. 1801. Vicia oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838. Tyre Locauity: ‘Habitat in Pennsylvania.” Rance: British Columbia to New York and southward to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3951; Clallam County, Elmer 2534; Mason County, Kincaid; Olympia, Kincaid; Tacoma, Flett 897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2014, 2122; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Wenache, Whited 150, 1266, 1080; Ellensburg, Whited; Cold Creek, Cotton 399; Sunnyside, Cotton 372; Little Spokane River, Kreager 599; Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 308; Almota, Piper 1486; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 437; Loomis, Griffiths & Cotton 339. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 375 2a. Vicia americana truncata (Nutt.) Brewer in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 158. 1876. Vicia truncata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 270. 1838. Tyre Locauiry: “ Plains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper» Wenache, Whited 1080; without locality, Vasey in 1889, 2b. Vicia americana linearis (Nutt.) S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 11: 134, 1876. Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 276. 1888. Tyre vocauity: “ Plains of the Platte.” Rance: Washington to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, May 20, 1889; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2013, 2111; Waitsburg, Horner 97. 3. Vicia gigantea Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 157. 1830. Vicia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 129. 1832. Tyre LocaLity: ‘Open woods on the Columbia.”” Collected by Scouler and by Douglas. RanGE: Sitka to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /Teller 3849; Clallam County, Kilmer 2530; Olympia, Henderson, May, 1892; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 964; Tacoma, Flett 36; Cascades, Suksdorf 534, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Vicia hirsuta (L.) Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. 191. 1837. Ervum hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 738. 1753. Vicia mitchelli Raf. Prec. Decouv. 37. 1814. Tyee LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Leckenby, June, 1898; lett 2225; Alki Point, Piper in 1889. 5. Vicia sativa L. Sp. Pl. 2: 736. 1753. COMMON VETCH. TypE LocALity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, //mer 2533; Whidby Island, Gardner 75; Cas- cades, Suksdorf 535. , 6. Vicia angustifolia Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 310. 1788. Vicia sativa angustifolia Ser. in DC. Prod. 2: 361. 1825. Tyee Locauitry: ‘ Habitat in campis sterilissimis, inter segetes arenosas totius fere Ger- maniae.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Fett 214. LATHYRUS. Pea. Herbage densely silky-villous............-...------------- 1. L. littoralis. Herbage glabrous, or if pubescent not villous. Plants erect; tendrils wanting or much reduced. Flowers solitary. ........ 2... -.----------------- 2. L. torreyi. Flowers 2 or more to each raceme. Corolla white; leaflets usually 3 pairs, oblong or ovate. ...-.-----2-2-----2---------+----- 3. L. obovatus. Corolla purple. Stems tall; leaflets 4 to 7 pairs. Leaflets oblong to ovate, pubescent beneath ......-.-.--------------- 4. L. nuttallii. Leaflets lanceolate, pubescent on both sides... ..-2-.-.-2------ 20-222 --- 5. L. oregonensis. Stems low; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs. 316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaflets elliptic to obovate. .....-...- 6. L. bijugatus. Leaflets linear to lanceolate... ..-.-. - Ga. L. bijugatus sandbergit. Plants climbing by simple or 3-forked tendrils. Stems winged. .........------------------------ 7. L. paluster. Stems wingless. Flowers yellowish becoming tawny............ 8. L. sulphureus. Flowers blue-purple. Leaflets véry thin, 5 to 8 pairs..-.2. 2. -.- 9. L. polyphyllus. Leaflets firm, 3 to 6 pairs. Peduncles not exceeding the leaves; leaflets not cuspidate. Leaflets ovate-oblong, glabrous... 10. Z. maritimus. Leaflets linear-lanceolate or ellip- tic, pubescent... 2.2.2.2. 22. 11. L. coriaceus. Peduncles exceeding the leaves; leaf- lets cuspidate. Leaflets oblong or elliptic... .... - 12. L. pauciflorus. Leaflets linear or lanceolate... ... 12a. L. pauciflorus tenuior. 1. Lathyrus littoralis (Nutt.) Endl.; Walp. Repert. 1: 722. 1842. Astrophia littoralis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 278. 1838. Orobus littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 54. 1859. Type Loca.ity: “Sand hills near the estuary of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: On the seacoast of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Laidlaw, Lamb 1119; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island, Gardner 82; Ocosta, Henderson, June, 1892; without locality, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Lathyrus torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 337. 1868. Lathyrus torreyi tenellus Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 135. 1899. Tyre LocaLity: Mendocino or south part of Humboldt County, California. - Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett, June, 1897, 180; Steilacoom, Cooper; Puyallup, Piper 3826; La Camas, Hencerson, May 30, 1889; Manor, Piper 3075. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Lathyrus obovatus (Torr.) White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894. Lathyrus venosus obovatus Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 77. 1857. Lathyrus nevadensis S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 133. 1876. Type Locauity: “Mammoth Grove and Duffield’s Ranch, California.” RanaeE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 93. 3a. Lathyrus obovatus stipulaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 455. 1894. TyPE LocaLity: Colville to Spokane, Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861. 4. Lathyrus nuttallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 450. 1886. Type Locatiry: ‘Upper California.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Henderson 2349; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2346; Admiralty Head, Piper; Seattle, Hindshaw; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 297; Klickitat County, Henderson, June 1, 1884; Klickitat River, Fleit 1261; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf54; Lake Wenache, Sandberg PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 377 & Leiberg 634; Clealum, Whited 364, 365; without -ocality, Vasey in 1889; La Camas, Gorman, June, 1884. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The L. myrtifolius Mubl. of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen that we do not hesitate to refer to L. nuttallii. 5. Lathyrus oregonensis White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 456. 1894. Tyre LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 536. 6. Lathyrus bijugatus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457, 1894. Type Locatiry: Latah County, Idaho. Collected by Sandberg. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 1824; Spokane, Wilkes Expedition 572; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 24; Pullman, Elmer 214. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 6a. Lathyrus bijugatus sandbergii White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 457. 1894. Lathyrus sandbergii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am, 1:160. 1898. Type cocauity: Latah County, Idaho. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Elmer 830; Piper 1488, and June, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Lathyrus paluster L. Sp. Pl. 2: 733. 1753. Lathyrus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr, Fl. 1:276. 1838, as synonym. Type Locauity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New York. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; latitude 49° boundary, Lyall in 1858-59; Whidby Island, Gardner 91; Seattle, Piper 726; Smith; Yakima River, [Hen- derson 2347; Everett, Piper 4916. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 8. Lathyrus sulphureus Brewer; A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 7: 399, 1868. Type Locauiry: “In woods along foot hills of Sierra Nevada,” California. Collected by Brewer. Rance: Washington to California west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 482; Olympia, Henderson 2348; Loomis, @rif- fiths & Cotton 337. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species seems too close to L. ochroleucus Hook. 9. Lathyrus polyphyllus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 274. 1838. Type Locatity: “Forests of the Oregon to the sea.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to north California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2535; Seattle, Piper 481; Tacoma, Flett, May, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2021. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 10. Lathyrus maritimus (L.) Bigel. Fl. Bost. ed. 2. 268. 1824. Pisum maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 727. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. RANGE: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey, and Alaska to Oregon; shores of the Great Lakes. 378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: South Arbor, Lamb 1112; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897; Coupe- ville, Gardner 87; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 1823; Everett, Piper, July 9, 1892; Clallam County, Elmer 2528. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 11. Lathyrus coriaceus White, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 452. 1894. TYPE LocaLiry: Wasatch Mountains, Utah. Rance: Washington to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, O. Piper; Wenache, Whited 148; Ellensburg, Piper 2720, Whited, July 9, 1897; Toppenish and Tampico, Henderson 2345; Toppenish, Henderson in 1892; North Yakima, Leckenby; base Mount Adams, Flett 1260, 1260a; Klickitat River, Henderson 2344; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 147; Wenas, Criffiths & Cotton 106; Clealum Lake, Cotton 843; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1208. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 12. Lathyrus pauciflorus Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 19: 335. 1894. Lathyrus parvifolius 5. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 345. 1882, not Roth. 1797. Lathyrus shaffneri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 258. 1900. Type Locaity: Roseburg, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nisqually Valley, Allen 132; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Ellensburg, Piper 2679; Wenache Region, Brandegee 735; Wenache, Whited 1106; Waitsburg, Horner 96; Wawawai, Piper, June 13, 1896; Lake & Hull, June 4, 1892; Almota, Piper 2797 and May 27, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. Suksdorf’s specimens were distributed and later listed as L.. polymorphus Nutt., a species that does not reach our borders. 12a. Lathyrus pauciflorus tenuior Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 108. 1901. Tyre Locaity: Near Almota, Washington. RanGE: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 23, 1886; Wenache, Whited 127, 150, 2, 1107; Waitsburg, Horner 95; Almota, Elmer 52; Union Flat, Piper 2733; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 86; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 129. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. Laruyrus veNosus Muhl. Suksdorf lists this species, but we can discover no good evidence that it occurs in the State. GERANIACEAE. Gerantum FamiIty. Leaves palmate, variously cleft or divided.........-.-..-...2-2.--- GERANIUM (p. 378). Leaves pinnately compound (in ours).............-.22.2-2------- Eropium (p. 380). GERANIUM. Perennials; flowers large -...............00-- 020-222 ee cece eter eee 1. G. wscosissimum. Annuals; flowers small. Seeds reticulate or pitted. Flowers deep purple; seeds pitted ........................ 4. G.dissectum. Flowers pale purple; seeds reticulately ridged. Peduncles short; inflorescence compact ............... 2.G@. carolinianum. Peduncles long; inflorescence loose _.......-.....-..--- 3. G. bicknellii. Seeds smooth or nearly so. Carpels canescent, not rugose ............ we eeeeweeeee ee. OG. pusillum. Carpels glabrous, rugose.... 2.2.2.2. ..00 2222s cece eee 6. G@. molle. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 379 1. Geranium viscosissimum Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 11: Suppl. 18. 1846. Geranium albiflorum incisum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 206, 1838. Geranium incisum Nutt.: Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 206. 1838, as synonym, not Andrews, Bot. Rep. 1: pl. 67. 1797. Type Locauiry: “Hab. in America septentrionalis occidental.” Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 106; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Suksdorf 262; Pullman, Hull 451; Piper 1646; Blue Mountains, Piper 2399; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 467; Tieton River, Cotton 457; Clarks Springs, Kreager 25; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 409; Squaw Creek, Cotton 881; Easton, Piper. ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Besides the typical form there are two others, one slender and canescent represented by Cotton’s 881 from Squaw Creek, the other densely short-pubescent represented by Whited, Wenache, June, 1896; North Yakima, Leckenby, May 12, 1898, and Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892. The latter especially seems to be a good subspecies of Upper Sonoran habitat. 2. Geranium carolinianum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 682. 1753. Type Locauity: Carolina. Rance: Throughout the United States and in Canada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper, July, 1897; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Beaver Creek, Whited 25, 66; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2027; Marshall Junction, Piper 2260; Almota, Piper 1828; Wawawai, Piper 1813; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 132; Loon Lake, Beattie & Chapman 2098. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 3. Geranium bicknellii Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 92. 1897. Geranium carolinianum longipes S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 50. 1871, not Geranium longipes DC. 1822. Geranium nemorale Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monats. 16: 222. 1898. Type LocaLity: “Nova Scotia? Maine to western Ontario and southern New York.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Colorado, and New York. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 41, 591; Vancouver, J. Howell 422; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2028; Fort Colville to Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Ophir, Elmer 527: Spokane, Dewart, June 5, 1901; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; Ione, Kreager 406; Clallam County, Elmer 2726; Cape Horn, Piper 5003. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Geranium dissectum L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 282. 1759. Tyre Locatity: “ Habitat in Europa australiore.”’ Rance: Vancouver Island to California; introduced from Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Union, Suksdorf 1993; Tacoma, /lett 50. 5. Geranium pusillum Burm. f. Spec. Bot. Ger. 27. 1759. Type Locauity: Not ascertained. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 40; Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 81; Van- couver, J. Linell 21; Pullman, Hardwick, July, 1895; Stuart Island, Lawrence, 176, 180. 6. Geranium molle L. Sp. Pl. 2: 682. 1753. TypE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stuart Island, Lawrence 55. 380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, ERODIUM. 1. Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Her.; Ait. Hort. Kew 2: 414. 1789. ALFILARIA. Geranium cicutarium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 680. 1753. Tyree Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae sterilibus cultis.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 337; Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Hull 452; Clarks Springs, Kreager 103, 573; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1389. This plant has been common in western Washington for at least thirty years. OXALIDACEAE. OXALIS. Caulescent; flowers yellow. ....-...-...---------- 2-2-2222 eee eee 1. O. pumila. Acaulescent; flowers white. Seapes 1-flowered; capsule ovoid............-.-.-.-.------------ 2. O. oregana. Scapes several-flowered; capsule linear .............-.-.--------- 3. O. trillisfolia. 1. Oxalis pumila Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 212. 1838. Oxalis suksdorfi. Trelease, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 4: 89. 1888. Type Locaity: ‘Forests of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.” Rance: Washington to middle California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Five miles north of Vancouver, Piper 4939. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Nuttall’s statement that this occurs in the Recky Mountains is surely an error. 2. Oxalis oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 211. 1888, TypE Locauity: ‘Shady woods of the Oregon in moist places.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Henderson, June, 1892; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 84; Piper 2097; Tacoma, Flett 98; Cape Horn, Suksdorf 2451; Ilwaco, Piper 4959. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. 3. Oxalis trilliifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 118. 1830. Type Locauity: “ North-West America, on the summits of the high mountains near the Grand Rapids of the river Columbia; and also in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. RaNnGE: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 85; Longmire Springs, Piper 2096; Puyallup, Flett, August, 1897; Larm River, Suksdorf 106. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. As this species is known only west of the Cascade Mountains, the latter part of Douglas’s type locality is doubtless an error. LINACEAE. Tiax Faminy. LINUM. Flowers large, blue. * Annual; stigmas as long as the styles. ..... 2222222222 2202-2--- 1. L. usitatissimiun. Perennial; stigmas short.......-..........--. eee eee eee 2. L. lewisir. Flowers small, yellow; annual..................2....---.---.----- 3. L. digynum. 1. Linum usitatissimum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 277. 1753. CoxMON FLAX. TyPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1895; Meyers Falls, Areager “76. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 381 2. Linum lewisii Pursh, Fl. 1: 210. 1814. Linum lyallanum Alefeld, Bot. Zeit. 25: 251. 1867. Type Locauity: “In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains and on the banks of the Mis- souri.”’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to Texas and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Lyall in 1860; Ellensburg, Whited 428, 685; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 424; near Leavenworth, Whited, August, 1896; Pasco, Hindshaw 47; Wenas River, Henderson, June, 1892; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 198; Parrots, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1648; Hull 760; Elmer 814. ZONAL pistRipuTion: Arid Transition. , This species was formerly confused with L. perenne Li. 3. Linum digynum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 334. 1868. Tyre Ltocaurry: “ Mariposa Trail, Yosemite Valley,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Suksdorf 261; Pullman, Piper 1803. ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition. EUPHORBIACEAE. [tupnorspiaA FAMILY. Flowers involucrate; capsule 3-celled.. 2.2.2.2... -.---.---- +--+ -2------- EUPHORBIA- Flowers not involucrate; capsule 1-celled, l-seeded .........-.------------- PISCARIA. EUPHORBIA. Glands of the involucre bearing petal-like appendages; plants prostrate or nearly so. Herbage pubescent; seeds black. ........-------------------- 3. EH. maculata. Herbage glabrous; seeds gray. Seeds with sharp transverse ridges. ........--..---------+-- 1. FE. glyptosperma. Seeds pitted and wrinkled..............-.-------------+- 2. EF. serpyllifolia. Glands of the involucre not bearing petal-like appendages; stems erect. Leaves filiform, very numerous; seeds smooth.......---------- 5. FE. cyparissias. Leaves not filiform nor very numerous; seeds not smooth. Seeds pitted; leaves entire, oblong or obovate. ....-.------ 4. E. peplus. Seeds reticulated; leaves serrulate, spatulate.........-.---- 6. EF. arkansana. 1. Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm. in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 187. 1859. Euphorbia polygonifolia L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140. Type Locauity: “Canada (Pursh) to Carlton House Fort on the Saskatchewan. Drum- mond. On Menzies Island and at the Grand Rapids of the Columbia. Douglas.” Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall, June, 1860; White Salmon, Suksdorf ° 489; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 641; Wenache, Whited 197, 1154; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 472; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 642; Almota, Piper 1816; Wawawai, Piper 1893, August, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 21, 1902; Marcus, Kreager 461. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 14. 1807. Type Locatiry: ‘Hab. in Amer. calidiore.”’ Rance: Washington to Wisconsin, south to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 25; Loomis, Elmer 602; Pullman, Piper 1543; Yelm Prairie, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2a. Euphorbia serpyllifolia consanguinea Boiss. in DC. Prod. 15?: 43. 1862. Type Locatity: Ad lacum Winnipeg (Bourgeau), in valle Missouri superioris (Neuwied), territ. Nebraska (Hayden), Novo Mexico (Wright, Fendler), Kansas et Texas (ex Engelm.) Yalifornia (Engelm.). RanGE: Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 210. 8. Euphorbia maculata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 455. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in America septentrionali.”’ RANGE: Most of temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 25, 1902. 4. Euphorbia peplus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 456. 1753. TyPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East Seattle, Hindshaw, June, 1897. 5. Euphorbia cyparissias L. Sp. Pl. 1: 461. 1753. Tyre Locauiry: “ Habitat in Misnia, Bohemia, Helvetia, G. Narbonensi.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, June, 1897. 6. Euphorbia arkansana missouriensis Norton, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 11: 103, 1900. Tyre LocaLity: Randolph, Missouri. Rance: Washington to Minnesota, Kansas, and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1072; Almota, Lake & Hull 641; Wawawai, Elmer 758. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. EUPHORBIA PLATYPHYLLA L., This European species was reported by Hooker from the “plains of the Columbia River,” collected by Douglas, but there is no recent evidence of such occurrence. PISCARIA. 1. Piscaria setigera (Hook.) Eremocarpus setigerus Benth. Bot. Sulph. 53. pl. 26. 1844. Croton ? setigerus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 141. 1838. Type Locaity: “ Plentiful on Menzies’ Island, and on sandy banks of the Columbia upwards.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Bingen, Piper, September, 1903; Granddalles, Westgate 927. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. As pointed out by Coville, ® Eremocarpus was first used for a genus of Hypericaceae by Reichenbach in 1837, and is therefore not available for our plant. The new name is given in allusion to the use of the plant by the Indians to stupefy fish by throwing quantities of it in the streams. It is rather strange that the plant should first have been found at the extreme northern point of its range. CALLITRICHACEAE. Water Srarwortr FAMILy. CALLITRICHE. Leaves all submersed, linear, l-nerved.........-...-.--..------------- 1. C. palustris. Floating leaves obovate-spatulate, 3-nerved. Styles about as long as the fruit.......-...-.-.-.-.--------------- 2. C. verna. Styles twice as long as the fruit.........2.2.-2.2.2020-.---.------- 3. C. bolanderi. a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 140. 1838. b Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 194. 1893. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 383 1. Callitriche palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 969. 1753. Callitriche autumnalis L. Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 2. 1755. Tyre Locauitry: “Habitat in Europae fossis paludibus.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Henderson 1862; mouth of the Columbia, Scouler. 2. Callitriche verna L. I*]. Suec. ed. 2. 2. 1755. Type Locauity: European. Rance: Temperate regions of America, Europe, and Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1012; North Yakima, Piper 1797; Mount Rainier, Allen 185; Pullman, Piper, July 28, 1899. 3. Callitriche bolanderi Hegelm. Verh. Bot. Verein Brandenb. 10: 116. 1868. Type Locauity: Auburn, California. Rance: Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2779; Lake Cushman, Piper 2236; Seattle, Piper, July 12, 1895; Usk, Kreager 352; Tacoma, Flett 2262. EMPETRACEAE. Crowperry FAMILY. EMPETRUM. 1. Empetrum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1022. 1753. CrowBERRY. TYPE LocaLity: European. RanaeE: Arctic regions southward to Maine, Michigan, and Washington. Europe. Asia SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2051; Smith 1100; Copalis, Conard 409. LIMNANTHACEAE. BucKeean Faminy. FLOERKEA. 1. Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. Neue Schrift. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin 3: 449. 1801. Floerkea occidentalis Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1900. Type Locariry: “In Pennsylvanien.”’ Ranee: Washington to Ontario southward to California, Utah, and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Klickitat River, Flett 1018; without locality, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ANACARDIACEAE. Casuew Famity. RHUS. Fruit red, pubescent; leaflets 11 to 31.......2..2....2.2.----.----- 1. R. glabra. Fruit white, glabrous; leaflets 3. Leaflets mostly subentire, the lateral ones petioled....--..--..- 2. R. toricodendron. Leaflets mostly crenate, the lateral ones sessile... ....---.----- 3. R. diversiloba. 1. Rhus glabra occidentalis Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 257. 1874. SuMAC. Rhus occidentalis Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 86. 1905. Type Locauity: “Banks of rivers, near Fort Okanagan and Fort Vancouver; also on the Kooskooskee.” Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 56; Columbus, Suksdorf 2454; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 265; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 429; Almota, Lake & Hull 448; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 448; Elmer 872; Piper 1654; Waitsburg, 384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Horner 393; without locality, Vasey 213; Clarks Springs, Kreager 121; Spokane, Kreager 552; Prosser, Cotton 622; Kiona, Cotton 729. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Rhus toxicodendron L. Sp. Pl. 1: 266. 1753. Porson Ivy. Rhus rydbergii Small, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 268. 1900. Type Loca.iry: “Habitat in Virginia, Canada.” Ranae: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, southward to Arizona and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Wihited 241; Yakima, Leckenby, June, 1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 263; Spokane, Henderson, July, 1892; Hangman Creek, Suksdor/ 264; Wawawai, Lake 447; Spokane, Kreager 538; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The western plant seems never to climb trees or walls, but is a low, erect, or decumbent shrub. Without. better distinctions than this we see no reason for considering it a distinct species, as has been done by Small. Professor Greene, however, not only considers 2. rydbergii Small as well founded, but proposes three additional new species for Washington plants under the generic name Toxicodendron,a namely, 7. hesperium, founded on Whited’s 241, 7. lobadioides, and T. coriaceum, the two latter founded on specimens collected by Suksdorf. 3. Rhus diversiloba Torr: & Gr. Fl. 1: 218. 1838. Poison OAK. Rhus lobata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 127. 1880, not Poir. 1804. Type Locauiry: “Oregon.’’ Collected by Douglas. Ranae: Washington to California in the coast regions. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper in 1887; Union City, Piper in 1900; Tacoma, Flett 141. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. “Ruus aromatica Ait. var.” Suksdorf thus lists a species of the occurrence of which in Washington there is no direct evidence. Rhus trilobata occurs in southern Oregon, but probably does not reach Washington. CELASTRACEAE. Srarrrree Fairy. Stamens 4 or 5, as many as the petals and sepals. Deciduous shrub; flowers 5-merous ........ 22.22... -.------------- EKuonyMus. Evergreen shrub; flowers 4-merous..__........--.---------------- PACHISTIMA. Stamens 10; flowers 5-merous....-..-.-. 2-2-2. 22 2 ee ee ee ee FORSELLESIA, EUONYMUS. 1. Euonymus occidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 74. 1856. Type Locatiry: “Oregon in dark woods.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seven miles east of Vancouver, Gorman in 1905. PACHISTIMA. 1. Pachistima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 42. 1838. Hlex? myrsinites Pursh, Fl. 1: 119. 1814. Myginda myrtifolia Nutt. Gen. 1:109. 1818. Oreophila myrtifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1:259. 1838. Type Locauity: “On the Rocky Mountains and near the Pacific Ocean.” Collected by Lewis. The exact spot in the Rocky Mountains is on the Lolo Trail near Hungry [Lolo] Creek, North Idaho. aGreene, Leaflets 1: 118-120. 1605. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 385 Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 97; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 106; along Twisp River, Whited 201; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiber 742; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1335; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2452; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 761; Blue Mountains, Horner 428; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2752; Mount Carlton, AKreager 286. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition. FORSELLESIA. 1. Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 1: 206. 1893. Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 29. pl. 12. 1853. Type Locairy: “In a mountain ravine near Frontera, New Mexico.”’ Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whitman County, Washington, near Lewiston, Hunter 46. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ACERACEAE. Mapur Faminy. ACER. Map te. Flowers in racemes; fruit hispid....-..-.-.....-.-----.---.-.-.- 1, A. maerophyllum. Flowers in corymbs; fruit glabrous. Leaves 3 to 5-lobed; fruit wings somewhat spreading .......... 2. A. doualasii. Leaves 7 to 9-lobed; fruit wings widely spreading ............. 3. A. cireinatum. 1. Acer macrophyllum Pursh, Fl. 1: 267. 1814. OREGON MAPLE. Tyre Loca.iry: “On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 42; Nisqually Valley, Allen 114; Silverton, Bouck 39; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 501; Peshastin Canyon, Watson; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 450; Bingen, Suksdorf 35; without locality, Vasey 225, 226; Clallam County, | Elmer 2836; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 219. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Acer douglasii Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 77. pl. 6. 1847. Acer glabrum douglasii Piper, F|. Palouse Reg. 114. 1901. Type Locaity: “Near springs of the Rocky Mountains about the sources of the Colum- bia.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Blue Mountains, Oregon, northeastward into west Montana and northwest- ward to British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake d& Hull 449; Nisqually Valley, Allen 212: Mount Rainier, Piper 52; Mount Adams, Henderson, July, 1892; Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1022; Tampico, Flett 1200; Hoods- port, Piper 1017; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 156; Bluc Mountains, Piper, August, 1892; without locality, Vasey 229, 230; Davis ranch, Kreager 311; Wenas, Griffiths & Cotton 96. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 3. Acer circinatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 267. 1814. VINE MAPLE. Type Locauity: “On the great rapids [Cascades] of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Montesano, Heller 3859; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1034a; Ta- coma, Fleft 41; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 115; Silverton, Bouck 38; Yakima Pass, 29418—06 M on 386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Watson 73; White Salmon, Suksdorf 261; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stehekin, Whited 1408; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 624; without locality, Vasey 227, 228; Clallam County, Elmer 2835; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 221. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. IMPATIENTACEAE. Batsam Faminy. IMPATIENS. JeEwWELWEED. Posterior sepal not spurred... .... .. we ee ee eee ee eee eee 1. I. ecalcarata. Posterior sepal spurred. Corolla orange-yellow; saccate sepal longer than broad............. 2. 1. buflora. Corolla pale-yellow; saccate sepal much longer than broad. ........ 3. 1. nolitangere. 1. Impatiens ecalcarata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1: 85. 1905. Type Locairy: Montana, “about half a mile east of Plains, Missoula County.” Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860. 2. Impatiens biflora Walt. Fl. Car. 219. 1788. Impatiens fulva Nutt. Gen. 1: 146. 1818. Impatiens aurella Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 34. 1901. Tyre Locauity: Carolina. Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Kansas and Mississippi. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 453; Spokane, Piper 2384; Spokane County, Suksdorf 1837: Meyers Falls, Kreager 472. 3. Impatiens nolitangere L. Sp. Pl. 2: 988. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae, Canadae nemoribus.’ Rance: Alaska to Washington. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Deming, Fett 853; North Fork of Nooksack River, Suksdorf 960. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. This species is undoubtedly native, not introduced as indicated in the Synoptical Flora. ’ RHAMNACEAE. BucktTnorn FAMILY. Fruit a drupe; flowers solitary or umbelled.............-.-.-.----------- RHAMNUs. Fruit a dry capsule; flowers paniculate. ... - cee eee ee ee ee eee eee CEANOTHUS. RHAMNUS. Shrub; petals wanting; leaves nearly glabrous beneath. ..............- 1. R. alnifolia. Tree; petals present; leaves downy beneath.........-.........-.----- 2. R. purshiana. 1. Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her. Sert. Angl. 5. 1788. Tyre Locauity: “In America septentrionale.”’ Ranae: British Columbia to Maine, southward to California, Wyoming, and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper 2250; near Spangle, Suksdorf 2453; Box Canyon, AKreager 393. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 2. Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prod. 2: 25. 1825. CASCARA SAGRADA. Rhamnus alnifolia Pursh, Fl. 1:166. 1814. Not L’Her. Type Ltocairy. “On the banks of the Kooskooskee” [Clearwater], Idaho. The exact spot where Lewis collected the type is Camp Chopunish, opposite Kamiah. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 387 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3885; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 126; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 445; Pullman, Piper 1871; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Wa- wawai, Piper 3817, 3816; without locality, Vasey 215, 216; without locality, Cooper 1854; Spokane, Kreager 554; Clallam County, lmer 2661. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. CEANOTHUS. Leaves opposite, dentate; procumbent shrub.............-.-.------- 1. C. prostratus. Leaves alternate; erect shrubs. Evergreen; leaves varnished._........--. 2... -.---.-.--------- 2. C. velutinus. Deciduous; leaves serrate; flowers white......-... 2.2.2... -.-.. 3. C. sanguineus. Deciduous; leaves subentire; flowers usually blue..........-..-. 4. C. integerrimus. 1. Ceanothus prostratus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 302. 1848. Type Locauity: “In montibus Sacramento,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 644, 343; Klickitat Valley, Howell, May, 1878; Klickitat County, Brandegee 693. 2. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl.; Hook. I'l. Bor. Am. 1: 125. 1830.) Sricky Laure. Tyre Locauity: “Subalpine hills near the source of the Columbia; and at the Kettle Falls.”” Collected by Douglas. The latter locality is in Stevens County, Washington. Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Dakota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1109; Cedar Mountains, Elmer 800; Tacoma, Mlett 173; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 962; Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; Whited 406; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 477; Kettle Falls, Douglas; Kamiak Butte, Sand- berg, Heller & MacDougal 501; Columbia River, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 221: Box Canyon, Kreager 387; Clealum Lake, Cotton 859. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal specimen has been published as C. velutinus laevi- gatus Torr. & Gr.,a but it is better referred to the species. 3. Ceanothus sanguineus Pursh, Fl. 1: 167. 1814. Bucksrusu. Ceanothus oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 265. 1838. , Type Locariry: “ Rocky Mountains on the banks of the Missouri.’’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, //enderson, May, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 111; Wenache Mountains, Whited, June 23, 1901 and 1233; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 107; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Vancouver, Piper, July 14, 1899; Trout Lake, Flett 1208; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 628; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Easton, Whited 403; Clallam County, Elmer 2659, 2660. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ‘Transition. The actual type specimen of this species is probably the sheet from the Lambert Her- barium, now in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. This is labeled “Ceanothus atro- purpureus. Near the foot of the Rocky Mountains on Collins Creek, June 27, 1896.” Collins Creek is in Idaho, now known as Lolo Creek. 4. Ceanothus integerrimus Ilook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 329. 1839-40. Type Locauity: California. Rance: Washington to California. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 10; Dalles [on the Washington side?] Lyall, Suckley; Bingen, Piper, September, 1903. a Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 218. 1895, 388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. According to Dr. E. L. Greenea the type of C’. integerrimus proves to be the same as C. andersonii Parry. On this account the name (.’nevadensis Kellogg is taken up for the Californian plant, while the Washington and northern Oregon plant is considered a distinct species @. peduncularis Greene.? MALVACEAE. Matitow Faminy. Style branches filiform. Stamens simply monadelphous; bractlets 38.............2.-.------- MALva. Stamens united in two series; bractlets none.........-..-...--.---- SIDALCEA. Style branches each tipped with a capitate stigma. , Ovules 1 to 3 in each cell, ascending. ......_...-.....------------- SPHAERALCEA. Ovules solitary, pendulous............-.-----.--------04--------- SIDA. MALVA. Leaves 5 to 9-lobed; carpels puberulent........-.-2-----.--------- 1. M. rotundifolia. Cauline leaves dissected; carpels very hairy...-...-...------.------- 2. M. mosehata. 1. Malva rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 688. 1753. MALLow. Tyre Locautty: ‘“ Habitat in Europae ruderatis, viis, plateis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Colfax, Hardwick, August, 1895; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 28, 1902; Port Crescent, Lawrence 294. 2. Malva moschata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 690. 1753. Musk MALLOW. Type Locariry: “ Habitat in Italia, Gallia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /[/eller 4030; Puyallup, Piper, September, 1895. MaLva BoREALIS Wallm. is included by Suksdorf in his list. We have seen no Wash- ington specimens. SIDALCEA. Flowers red; mature carpels smooth... ......-......-.------------- 1. 8. hendersonii. Flowers pink; mature carpels rugose. Calyx canescent; stems puberulent............-.---.----- Leese 2. S. oregana. Calyx pubescent; stems hirsute... 2... 2-2-2 -------------- 3. S. campestris. 1. Sidalecea hendersonii 8S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 23: 262. 1888. Type Loca.iry: Clatsop Bay, Oregon. Collected by Henderson. RANGE: Seacoast, Vancouver Island to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, 58; Hoquiam, Lamb 1218; near Everett, Claypool, September, 1895; Seattle, Piper 723; Everett, Piper 4915. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. - 2. Sidalcea oregana A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 20. 1848. Sida oregana Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FJ. 1: 234. 1838. Tyre Loca.ity: “West side of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Idaho and Washington to California. SPECIMENg EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2448; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 20, 1886, and 2446; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2447, 2449; Klickitat River, lett 1014; Ellensburg, Whited 486; Tieton River, Cotton 458; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Henderson 2433; Blue Mountains, near Waitsburg, Piper 2396; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 534. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The plant listed by Suksdorf as “S. spicata Greene?”’ seems to be referable to S. oregana. a Leaflets 1: 65. 1904. b Leaflets 1: 67. 1904. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 389 3. Sidalcea campestris Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 76. 1885. Sidalcea asplenifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 158. 1897. Type LocaLity: Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenas River, Henderson, June 17, 1892, 2436; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whited, August 13, 1896; Peshas- tin, Sandberg & Leiberg 586; Pullman, Piper 1644, 1645; Lake & H ull 428; Henderson 2434; Union Flat, Hull 428; Medical Lake, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. SPHAERALCEA. Flowers scarlet; leaves canescent .......------------ ++ +--+ +-------- 1. S. munroana. Flowers rose-red; leaves not canescent. Calyx lobes acute; pedicels short... ...----.----------+++------ 2. 8S. rivularis. Calyx lobes long-acuminate; pedicels long... .....-------------- 3. S. longisepala. 1. Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 3: 353. 1834. Malva munroana Dougl.; Lind!. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1306. 1830. Type Locauiry: “Upon the barren plains of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Nevada and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1120; Elmer 526; North Yakima, Piper 1819; Watt, August, 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Yakima River, Suksdorf 259; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 390; Prosser, Henderson, May, 1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 3; Piper 2991; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 759; junction Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 276; Coulee City, Piper 3846; Soap Lake, McKay 9; Washtucna, E7mer 1040; oppo- site mouth Wenache, Watson, October 14, 1880. ZONAL bisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Sphaeralcea rivularis (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 23. 1848. Malva rivularis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 107. 1830. Sphaeralcea acerifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl, 1: 228. 1838. Type Locauiry: “Common on the banks in North-West America, from the ocean to the Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Dakota and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 43° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Flett 1015; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Naches Valley, Henderson, June, 1892: Wenache, Whited 225; Meyers Falls, Areager 600; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, 427; Almota, Piper 1790; Wawawai, Piper 1643; Blue Mountains, Piper 2413; Lake & Hull 427; Guy, Elmer 42; Pullman, Piper, July 15, 1901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper.Sonoran and Arid Transition. 3. Sphaeralcea longisepala Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 255. 1874. Type Locauity: “Upper Columbia, Washington Territory.” Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: Kittitas and Chelan counties, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 430; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1291; banks of Columbia near mouth of Wenache, Tweedy 918; Brandegee 692. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. SIDA. 1. Sida hederacea (Dougl.) Torr. in A. Gray, PI. Fend]. 28. 1848. Malva hederacea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 107. 1830. Malva plicata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 227. 1838. Sida obliqua Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl, 1: 233. 1838. 390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Tyre Locauity: “In the interior districts of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Douglas, according to Hooker. It is not certain that this species really occurs in Washington limits, though the above specimen was apparently collected by Douglas at old Fort Walla Walla. HYPERICACEAE. Sv. Jounsworr FaAmity. HYPERICUM. Sv. Jomnsworr. Plants low, forming dense mats. Alpine; leaves crowded; flowers solitary... 2.2. .....0.00...... 2. H. bryophytum. Not alpine; leaves not crowded; flowers often several... 2... _ 1. H. anagalloides. Plants erect, simple or nearly so. Stamens 5 to 10; stems about 30 cm. high.................... 3. H. eanadense. Stamens numerous; stems tall. Sepals acuminate; capsule not lobed_.......2..22. 222.22... 4. H. perforatum. Sepals obtuse; capsule 3-lobed.... 222.2222. 22022........ 5. H. scouleri. 1. Hypericum anagalloides Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 127. 1828. Tyre LOCALITY: San Francisco, California. Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1885; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Montesano, Heller 3916. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. la. Hypericum anagalloides nevadense Greene, FI. Fran. 113.-1891. Type Locaity: ‘Foothills of the Sierra.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2650. 2. Hypericum bryophytum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903. Tyre Locauity: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2833; Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1399: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 783; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 117; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 607; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Hypericum canadense majus A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 86. 1867. Type Locatity: Lake Superior. Rance: Washington to New Brunswick, south to Texas and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 1115. 4. Hypericum perforatum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 785. 1753. Type LocALity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vancouver, Suksdorf; Piper, July 14, 1899. 5. Hypericum scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 111. 1830. Hypericum formosum scoulert Coult. Bot. Gaz. 11: 108. 1886. Type Locatity: “Abundant in dry gravelly soils and limestone rocks on the North-West coast of America, near the Columbia.”” Collected by Scouler and by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 120, 90; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Montesano, Heller 4037; Columbus, Suksdorf. June 10, 1886; Columbia River, Lyall in PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 391 1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 361, Wenache, Whited 1253; Ellensburg, Whited 499: Tieton River, Cotton 454; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Mission, Kreager 486; valley of Columbia below the Chelan, Watson, October 14, 1880; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 880; Piper 1653; Hull 656; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July, 1892; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 693; Clealum Lake, Cotton $53. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. ELATINACEAE. Warerwort F amity. Plants glabrous; flowers parts 2 to 4.2... -..-- +--+ 2 +--+ reece c recente ELATINE. Plants pubescent; flower parts 5.....-.---- +--+ +--+ +--+ 0200s creer rrr Bercia. ELATINE. Flower parts 2 or 3; seeds nearly straight.........-.----------------- 1. E. triandra. Flower parts 4; seeds strongly curved... ..---------- +--+ 2555577000 2. E. californica. 1. Elatine triandra Schkuhr, Handb. 1: 345. pl. 1096. f. 2. 1791. Type LOCALITY: Germany. Rance: Illinois, Nebraska, Wyoming, Washington. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Usk, Areager 367. 2. Elatine californica A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 13: 361, 364. 1878. Type Locatiry: ‘‘In Sierra Valley, on the Sierra Nevada, alt. 5000 feet,’ California. Collected by Lemmon. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 258; Spokane, Piper 2643. ZoNaL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. BERGIA. 1. Bergia texana (Hook.) Seub.; Walp. Repert. 1: 285. 1842. Merimea texana Hook. Ic. 8: pl. 278. 1840. Elatine terana Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 678. 1840. Type Locatity: Texas. Collected by Drummond. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 959, 618; Almota, Piper, September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. VIOLACEAE. Viover FAMILY. VIOLA. VIOLET. Acaulescent. Flowers small, white.......-------------- +--+ +202 cc cc cr tte? 1. V. macloskeyji. Flowers larger, violet. Lateral petals bearded at base; rootstocks thick. Plants not stoloniferous; stipules small. Herbage glabrous... ..---------------++++-----> 2. V. nephrophylla. Herbage hirsute or villous. ...-----.------------- 3. V. cuspidata. Plants stoloniferous; stipules large.......-.----------- 4 V. langsdorfir. Lateral petals beardless; rootstocks long and slender. ..-- --- 5. V. palustris. Caulescent. Flowers yellow. Stems prostrate, stolon-like; leaves evergreen. Leaves cordate; leafy branches producing petaliferous flowers. ....------- Lee ee ee eee eee Se cee eee ee eee 6. V. sempervirens. . 392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves reniform; leafy branches producing only cleisto- gamous flowers........ 22.2222. 2222222. 2 eee eee 7. V. orbiculata. Stems erect, not stoloniferous; leaves not evergreen, Leaves palmately dissected... ....................... 11. V. sheltonii. Leaves not dissected. Herbage pubescent; leaves lanceolate to ovate, sub- entire... 22.222 8. V. nuttallii. Herbage glabrous. Leaves ovate, veined, sinuate-dentate or lobed... 9, V. -enosa. Leaves cordate or reniform, acuminate... ..... 10. V. glabella. Flowers blue or violet. Leaves dissected into narrow lobes........................ 12. V. trinervata. Leaves cordate, not dissected. Stipules scarious, entire. Leaves cordate, acuminate....................... 13. V. canadensis. Leaves reniform, obtuse.......................... 14. V. flettii. Stipules herbaceous, at least some of them serrate or in- cised. Leaves usually brown-dotted, at least beneath; stipules all serrate or laciniate. Herbage glabrous or nearly so........ 2... . 16. V. adunea. Herbage pubescent, the pubescence retrorse... 17. V’. retroseabra. Leaves dotless; cauline stipules entire............. 15. V. howellii. 1. Viola macloskeyi Lloyd, Erythea 3:74. 1895. Tyre Locatity: ‘‘ In the Cascades, Oregon.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Tacoma, lett 108, 2222; Olympia, Henderson 2054. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species has commonly been referred to V. blanda Willd., but it seems distinct. 2. Viola nephrophylla Greene, Pittonia 3: 144. 1896. Viola cognata Greene, Pittonia 3: 145. 1896. Viola subjuncta Greene, Pittonia 5: 31. 1902. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Valley of the Cimarron River, western Colorado.” Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and Maine, south to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; North Yakima, Piper 1836; Henderson 2500: Rock Lake, Piper 2798; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 56. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Viola cuspidata Greene, Pittonia 3: 314. 1898. Type Locauity: Rock County, Wisconsin. Rance: Washington to Wisconsin. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. 4. Viola langsdorfii Fischer; DC. Prod. 1: 296. 1824. TyPE Locatity: ‘‘In insula Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Crescent, Lawrence 273. 5. Viola palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 934. 1753. TYPE LocaLiry: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Colorado and the White Mountains. Europe. Asia. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 393 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2794; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 1017; Tacoma, Flett 88; Nisqually Valley, Allen 57; Westport, Lamb 1097; Mount Adams, Suksdorf July 12, 1886; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878: Silverton, Bouck 25; Wenache Moun- tains, Elmer 442; Mount Rainier, Flett 2178. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition to Hudsonian. 6. Viola sempervirens Greene, Pittonia 4: 8. 1899. Viola sarmentosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 80. 1830, not Bieb. 1808-1819, Tyre Locauity: ‘‘Near Fort Vancouver and in the high grounds of Lewis and Clarks River, N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3888; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Silverton, Bouck 25; Whidby Island, Piper, April, 1898; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 56; without locality, Henderson, May, 1892; Walla Wa'la, Nuttall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 7. Viola orbiculata Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. 6:73. 1847. Viola sarmentosa orbiculata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 199. 1895. Type Locauity: Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Geyer. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 60; Usk, Kreager 369. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 8. Viola nuttallii Pursh, Fl. 1: 174. 1814. Viola linguaefolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 141. 1838. Type Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 248; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; without locality, Cooper; near Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Roy, Allen, May 6, 1889; Waterville, Whited 1216; Pullman, Hull 418; Spangle, Suksdorf 248. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. A very variable species and possibly, as here eccepted, a complex of several. More field study and abundant specimens are necessary to clear up this matter. 8a. Viola nuttallii praemorsa (Dougl.). Viola praemorsa Dougl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1254. 1829. Tyre Locauity: ‘‘On the banks of the Columbia, and the plains of the River Aguilar, in California.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 30; Tacoma, Flett 17. 8b. Viola nuttallii major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 79. 1830. Viola glareosa Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. Viola flavovirens Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 405. 1897. Tyre Locatity: ‘‘Abundant under the shade of pines on the dry sandy plains of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 58; Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg 47; near Almota, Piper 1715; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897. 9. Viola venosa (S. Wats.). Viola aurea venosa 8. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876. Viola nuttallii venosa S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 35. 1871. Viola praemorsa venosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: 200. 1895. Type Locatiry: ‘‘In the mountains from the West Humboldt to the Wahsatch, usually near the snow line.”’ 394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 648; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1878: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, May 9, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1063; Blue Mountains, Piper 2432. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 10. Viola glabella Nutt.; Torr. &. Gr. FI. 1: 142. 1838. Tyre Locauity: “Shady woods of the Oregon.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance; Alaska to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2796; Silverton, Bouck 27; Paradise Val- ley, Flett 290; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 55; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 11, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 24, 1886; Wenache Mountains, Wihited 1244; Colum- bia woods, Nuttall; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Cooper; Mount Carl- ton, Kreager 204, 253; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Ilwaco, Piper 4918. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian, rarely Transition. 11. Viola sheltoni Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 67 1856. Tyre vocauity: Yuba, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon Valley, Suksdorf' 5. 12. Viola trinervata Howell; A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 11: 290. 1886. Viola beckwithii trinervata Howell, Bot. Gaz. 8: 207. 1883. Viola chrysantha glaberrima Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 238. 1874, not Viola hastata glaber- rima Ging, 1824. Type Locatity: Near Goldendale, Washington. Rance: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goldendale, Howell 59; Ellensburg, Whited 264; North Yakima, Watt in 1892; Piper, April, 1903; Henderson, May 27, 1892; Kittitas Mountain, Whited 10: Klickitat, Howell, April, 1882, 1878; North Yakima, Nevius, March, 1889; Simcoe Moun- tains, Suksdorf 249; between Spipen and Columbia, Pickering & Brackenridge; Klickitat River, Flett 1062; Waterville, Whited 1215; Coulee City, Piper 3865. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 13. Viola canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 936. 1753. Viola geminiflora, Greene, Pittonia 5: 29, 1902. TYPE LOCALITY: Canada. Ranae: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Arizona and Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 672. 14. Viola flettii Piper, Erythea 6: 69. 1898. Typp LocaLity: Near Mount Constance, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Collected by Flett. Rance: Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 106, July 20, 1897, August, 1898; Hen- derson 1847; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty, August, 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 15. Viola howellii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 308. 1887. Viola subcordata Greene, Pittonia 3: 316, 1898. Tyre Locauiry: “Damp fir woods in the vicinity of Portland, Oregon.” Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 28, 29; Seattle, Piper 1020; Meany 237: Tacoma, Flett 80, 107; Coupeville, Gardner 31; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 399 16. Viola adunca Smith; Rees’ Cycl. 37: no. 63. 1817. Viola longipes Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 140. 1838. Viola canina adunea A. Gray; Proc. Am. Acad. 8:377. 1872. Tyre Locatiry: “From the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies. Rance; Alaska to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, E/mer 2795; Orcas Island, Lyall 1861; Muckle- shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Smith, May 3, 1889; Mount Rainier, Piper 2138 in part; Monte- sano, Heller 3928; Westport, Lamb 1102; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10, 1858; Klickitat River, Flett 1061; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 522; Roy, Allen, May 3, 1889; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 10, 1892; Yakima, Leckenby, April 22. 1898; Mrs. Steinweg; Ellensburg, Whited 274, 346, 366; Badger Mountain, Whited 1217; Fort Colville, Lyall 1861 ; Spangle, Suksdorf’ 246; without locality, Vasey 202; Rock Creek, Piper 2795; Spokane, Piper, May 8, 1898, 2824: Sandberg & Leiberg 33: Pullman, Piper 1714, Elmer 123, Hull 417; Waitsburg, Horner 55, 54. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian. A very variable species. The alpine forms especially are aberrant and perhaps consti- tute a different species. 16a. Viola adunca oxyceras (S. Wats. ) Viola canina oryceras 5. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 56. 1876. Type Locarity: “In the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Valley, and near Donner Pass.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2501. 17. Viola retroscabra Greene, Pittonia 4: 290. 1901. Type Locatitry: Southern Colorado. Rance: Washington and Montana to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Piper 2158 in part; Allen, July, 1892; Methow River, Whited 185; Klickitat River, Suksdorf’ 523; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 739. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Hudsonian. Viota TricoLor L., the garden pansy occasionally occurs as an escape. VioLa HALLU Gray, listed by Suksdorf, probably does not grow within our limits. LOASACEAE. [Loasa Fanitny. MENTZELIA. Biennials; flowers large; placentae with 2 rows of ovules, which are separated by horizontal lamellae. Petals 2.5 to 8 cm. long; capsule 1.5 em. long .......2222.2.-2.--- 1. M. brandeger. Petals 5 to 6 cm. long; capsules 38 em. long... .2 22 2222222222-.- 2. M. laevicaulis. Annuals; flowers small; placentae each with a single row of ovules; no horizontal lamellae. . Leaves pinnatifid; seeds tuberculate, the angles obtuse........... 3. M. albicaulis. Leaves not pinnatifid; seeds not tuberculate. Seeds nearly smooth with grooved angles; leaves ovate, entire orsinuate-dentate.-.-.2 22222 eee 4. M. integrifolia. Seeds sharply angled and pitted; leaves linear, entire ........ - 5. M. tenerrima. 1. Mentzelia brandegei S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 367. 1885. Tyre cocatity: “Near the Simcoe Mountains on the mesa bordering Satus Creek.” Washington. Collected by Brandegee. RanGE: Known only by the type collection. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 792. 396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Mentzelia laevicaulis (Dougl.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 535. 1840. Bartonia laevicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 221. 1833. ?Bartonia parviflora Doug). loc. cit. Type rocauity: “On the gravelly islands and rocky shores of the Columbia, near the ‘Great Falls;’ flowering in June and July.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1679; Wenache, Whited 24; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Parker, Cotton 433; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 439; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 378; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896, July, 1894; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 312; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Almota, Piper, August, 1894; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 329; Prosser, Cotton 808; Moses Lake, Cotton 611. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 3. Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 1: 222. 1833. Bartonia albicaulis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 222. 1833. Type cocauity: “On arid sandy plains of the river Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California, Nebraska, and New Mexico, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1122; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Plett 1041; Ellensburg, Piper 2682; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey in 1889; “Barren grounds of the Columbia,” Douglas; Pasco, Hindshaw 7; Piper 2975; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 160; Clarks Springs, Kreager 115; Moses Lake, Cotton 615. ZONAL bistrRipuTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran, 4. Mentzelia integrifolia (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1901. Mentzelia albicaulis integrifolia S. Wats. Bot. King Explor, 114. 1871. Mentzelia dispersa S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 137. 1876. Type Locauiry: East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada. Range: Washington and Montana to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1121; Tumwater Canyon, Sandberg & Leiberg 519; Ellensburg, Elmer, July, 1897; Piper 2739; Spokane, Piper 1846; Leiberg 20; Marshall Junction, Piper 2252; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wawa- wai, Lake & Hull 586; Wenas, Cotton 84. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 5. Mentzelia tenerrima Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 271. 1900. Type Locairy: “Foot of Electric Peak,’’ Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1017. CACTACEAE. Cacrus Faminy. Plants jointed, the segments flat; leaves subulate and deciduous ....---------- OPUNTIA. Plants globose or ovoid, tubercled........----.--------------------------- Cactus. -OPUNTIA. PRICKLY PEAR. Joints tumid, ovate, rarely 5 em. long.............-.....--- 2. O. fragilis. Joints compressed, orbicular, or elliptic, 5 to 10 em, long. Seeds 5 or 6 mm. broad... ....-.-.---.---------------- 1. O. polyacantha. Seeds 4 mm. broad_......--.--.---------------------- la. O. polyacantha borealis. 1. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. $2. 1819. Cactus feror Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818, not Willd. 1809. Opuntia missouriensis DC. Prod. 3: 472. 1828. Type Locauity: ‘In arid situations on the plains of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia to North Dakota, south to Arizona and New Mexico. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 397 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kennewick, Piper; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 314; Walla Walla to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Almota, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. la. Opuntia polyacantha borealis Coulter, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 436. 1896. Opuntia missouriensis microsperma Engelm. & Bigel. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 46. 1856, not O. mesacantha microsperma Engelm. Tyre Locauity: “On the Missouri about Fort Pierre.” Rance; British Columbia to Oregon and South Dakota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, July, 1897; Sucia Island, Randolph. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Opuntia fragilis (Nutt.) Haw. Suppl. Pl. Succ. 82. 1819. Cactus fragilis Nutt. Gen. 1: 296. 1818. TyPE LocaLity: “From the Mandans to the mountains, in sterile but moist situations,”’ probably in North Dakota. Rance: South Dakota to British Columbia and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Chelan County, Sandberg & Leiberg 444, July 13, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Probably Upper Sonoran, CACTUS. 1. Cactus sp. indet. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton, July 14, 1903; Wenache Mountains, Cot- ton 1570; Near Egbert Springs, according to Leiberg. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species is quite certainly new, but can not be satisfactorily described at present. ELEAGNACEAE. QOtuerastrer FAMILY. LEPARGYREA. 1. Lepargyrea canadensis (L.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 122. 1890. BUFFALO BERRY. Hippophae canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1024. 1758. Shepherdia canadensis Nutt. Gen. 2: 240. 1818. Tyre Locaiity: ‘‘Habitat in Canada.” Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New York. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Piper 2806, September, 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 264; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858-59; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2117; Conconully, Whited 1326; Griffiths & Cotton 316; Box Canyon, Kreager 400. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. In Gorman’s paper on the Washington Forest Reserve appears the name Leparqyrea argentea. Mr. Gorman informs me, however, that the plant is really L. canadensis. LYTHRACEAE. Loosesrrirek FAMILY. Calyx tube cylindric, striate... 22.22.22 22222222-00-02.-.2.-2-2-------------- Lytarum. Calyx tube campanulate. Capsule bursting irregularly ...........-2--.------------------------ AMMANNIA., Capsule septicidally dehiscent ...........-.---.--------------------- Roraa. LYTHRUM. 1. Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 447. 1753. Tyree Locairy: “ Habitat in Germaniae, Helvetiae, Angliae, Gallia inundatus.” “Rance: Maine to New Jersey. Washington to California. Introduced from Europe. 398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Washington, Suksdorf 971; Seattle, Smith 100; Piper 1049, July, 1895. This was included in Suksdorf’s list as L. album H. B. K. The species has long been established and appears native. AMMANNIA. 1. Ammannia coccinea Rottb. Pl. Hort. Havn. Deser. 7. 1773. Ammannia latifolia Torr. & Gr. FI, 1: 480. 1840. Type Locatity: Not ascertained. Rance: Washington to Indiana and Florida. Central and South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1720. ROTALA. 1. Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne; Mart. FI. Bras. 137: 194. 1874. Ammannia ramosior L. Sp. Pl. 1: 120, 1753. Ammannia humilis Michx. Fl. 1: 99. 1803. TYPE LOCALITY: Virginia. . Rance: Washington to Massachusetts, southward to Central and South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Spokane County, Suks- dorf 303; Spokane, Piper 2644; Almota, Piper, September, 1897. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. ONAGRACEAE. Eventxnc Primroskt FAMILY. Parts of the flower in twos; fruit indehiscent......----------- CircAFA (p. 399). Parts of flower in fours. Fruit few-seeded, nut-like; leaves altermate......-.-.----- Gaura (p. 399). Fruit many-seeded. Calyx limb divided to the ovary, persistent, petals minute or wanting... ......--------------------- IsNARDIA (p. 399). Calyx limb deciduous; petals conspicuous. Seeds comose; lower leaves mostly opposite... .. EPILopiuM (p. 399). Seeds naked, not comose; leaves all alternate. Anthers versatile. . Stamens of equal length. Stigmas deeply 4-cleft, the lobes linear. Ovules in 1 row; flowers yellow. OENOTHERA (p. 407). Ovules in 2 rows; flowers pink. AnoGra (p. 407). Stigmas entire or nearly so. Calyx-tube longer than the ovary, flowers large......... Taraxta (p. 405). Calyx-tube shorter than the ovary; flowers small... ~~ -- - SPHAEROSTIGMA (p. 405). Stamens of unequal length, the outer ones longest. Annuals; small-flowered; caulescent. GayorHyTuM (p. 407). Biennials; large-flowered, acaules- cent. Capsule 4-angled; seeds grooved on one side......----.------ PacuyLopuus (p. 408). Capsule 4-winged; seeds not grooved .......-.---------- Lavauxta (p. 409). PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 399 Anthers not versatile. Petals sessile. Calyx lobes reflexed; petals entire... Gopetia (p. 409). Calyx lobes erect; petals 2-lobed.... .. . BortspvvaLia (p. 410). Petals clawed; calyx lobes reflexed._..... . CvarKIA (p. 411). CIRCAEA. Leaves denticulate; racemes bractless..................22-.22..22---.. 2. C. pacifica. Leaves dentate; racemes with minute bracts........-.---2 2222-22202... 1. C. alpina. 1. Circaea alpina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753. Tyre Locauity: ‘ Habitat ad radices montium in frigidis Europae.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Dakota, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant 11; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 29, 1392; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 533; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September, 1902; Quinault, Conard 133. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 2. Circaea pacifica Aschers. & Magnus, Bot. Zeit. 29: 392. 1871. TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco, California. RanGE: British Columbia and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 109; Silverton, Bouck; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 301; near Skagit Pass, Lake d& Hull 533; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg; Blue Mountains, Piper 2409. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. GAURA. 1. Gaura parviflora Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 208. 1830; Lehm. Pug. 2: 15. 1830. Tyre Locauity: “Sandy banks of the Wallawallah River.’’ Collected by Douglas, according to Hooker. Raner: Washington to Dakota, Louisiana, and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Elmer 898; Piper, July, 1898, and 1629; without locality, Brandegee 789; Prosser, Cotton 741. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ISNARDIA. 1. Isnardia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 120. 1753. Ludwigia nitida Michx. Fl. 1: 87. 1803. Ludwigia palustris Ell. Bot. S.C. & Ga. 1: 211. 1821. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Galliae, Alsatiae, Russiae, Virginiae fluviis.”’ Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, southward to California, Mexico, and Florida. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 777; Clarke County, Henderson, Sep- tember 6, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 585; Seattle, Piper in 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. EPILOBIUM. WILLow HERB. Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. Stems 1 to 2 m. tall; bracts small; style pubescent at base .......... 1. 2. angustifolium. Stems 15 to 50 cm. high; bracts Jeaf-like; style glabrous. __ ._ - 2. EF. latifolium. Calyx teeth prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers mostly small. Flowers pale yellow; stigmas 4-cleft .....-.......-2-.-.--.--- 3. FE. luteum. Flowers white or pink. Annuals; leaves narrow; stigmas mostly 4-cleft. Stems simple or but little branched, 8 to 20 em. high; herbage crisp-puberulent...........-.-.. 5. £. minutum. 400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stems usually much branched, 30 to 90 em. high; herbage glabrous or glandular. Flowers small, 10 to 15 mm. broad.......-..-- 4. Flowers large, 20 to 40 mm. broad ......------ 4a. Perennials; stigmas subentire. Stems tall, 30 to 90 em. high. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, the margins revolute ............------------- 6. eaves lanceolate to ovate, dentate or denticu- late, not revolute. Petals 6 to 10 mm. long; herbage canescent- puberulent......-.-----.------2------ 7. Petals 3 to 5 mm. long; herbage not canes- cent-puberulent. Capsule pedicelled. Pedicels shorter than the capsules; leaves ovate-lanceolate, petiolate 8. Pedicels equaling the capsules; leaves oblong-lanceolate. sessile, decurrent...........--.------- 9. Capsule sessile; leaves ovate or elliptic, sessile..._.......---------------- 10. Stems low; species mostly alpine or subalpine. Seeds smooth. Leaves entire; plants creeping or stolon- iferous. Stems ascending, usually curved; leaves spreading, oval or oblong, thick.... 11. Stems erect; leaves ascending, linear or oblong-lanceolate ........-.----- 12. Leaves or some of them toothed, thin. Flowers white, 5to6 mm. broad ...... 13. . Flowers purple, 10 to 15 mm. broad .. 14. Seeds papillate. Foliage glaucous and glabrous. ......-.-- - 15. Foliage not glaucous. ' Plants producing stolons. Leaves narrow, erect, keeled below.........--------------- 16. Leaves broader, spreading, not keeled. Matted; leaves firm, pale green, sessile... .. 2... --- 17. Not matted; leaves thin, bright green, petiolate... . - 14. Plants not producing stolons. Stems branched. Seeds 1 mm. long; stem pubes- cent in lines; pedicels about as long as the capsules .... 18. Seeds 2 mm. long; stems pubescent but not in lines; pedicels much shorter than the capsules .......2...-.. 19. E. paniculatum. FE. paniculatum jucundum. E. palustre. F. fraaciscanum. E.. adenocauton. E. halleanum. E. brevistylum. E. anagallidifoliun’. E. oreqonense. . alpinum. . hornemanni. my ies] . fastigiatum. E. pringleanum. FE. clavatum. E. hornemanni. F, leptocarpum. E. mirabile. 125° ae SS. Dy SS Sproat L

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Towns Settlements .etc zz ign + --} ns ears © U.S. Surveyor- General's Office (Olympia) thetetehs @ USland Offices [Ser Yrins Sale, warewate Vancouver re 7 0 te --- Land District Boundaries ; 5 top at | 0 Townships not subdivided into Sections &c “19 |v] a} ae] a A Nie as alle © Be wm gg IE s3 Forest Reserves + a7- * -33- wy 5. | Indian Reserves ( y . pease of mires | Military Reserves : perme arta: = National Park “di Le from Washington Ai oh etter Wm Bauman jr. 40 JULIVS BIEN &2CO.LITH NY PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 401 Stems simple. Herbage pilose-pubescent ... 20. £. ursinum. Herbage not pilose-pubescent. Leaves sessile, narrow, erect, acute ......... 21. FB. drummondii. Leaves petioled, broadish, spreading, obtuse. -- - 22. F. delicatum. 1. Epilobium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753. FIREWEED. Epilobium spicatum Lam. Fl. Fr. 3: 482. 1778. Type Locatity: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, New Mexico, and Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 77; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 1, 1900; near igbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 407; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 637; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 528; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; without locality, Vasey 242; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Clarks Springs, Kreager 126; Clallam County, Elmer 2566; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and, Transition, EpILopiuM opacuM,@ said by Hooker to have been collected by Douglas and by Scouler about Fort Vancouver, is probably a form of F. angustifolium. 2. Epilobium latifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753. TyPE LocaLity: Siberia. Rance: Arctic America, southward to Oregon, Colorado, and Canada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2343; Mount Rainier, Smith 875; Silverton, Bouck; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 530; North Fork Bridge Creek; Elmer 664. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Epilobium luteum Pursh, Fl. 1: 259. 1S14. Type Locauity: Northwest coast of America. Collected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, lett 300; Piper, August, 1895; Allen 293; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 549; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2440; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 529: Mount Stuart, Himer 1091; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 730; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Clallam County, “dimer 2560. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 4. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr, Fl. 1: 490. 1840. Tyre Lvocauity: “ Plains of the Oregon and Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California, Arizona, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 103; Silverton, Bouck in 1889; Tacoma, Flett 130; Nisqually Valley, Allen 14; Lake Park, Piper in 1895; Mount Stuart, L/mer 1092; Wenache, Whited 1330, 1159; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 488; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 538; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 525; Spokane, Piper 2361, 2360; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896, 2358; Pullman, Peper 1631; Hull in 1892; without local- ity, Vasey in 1889; Spokane, Areager 573, 536; Clatlam County, Elmer 2558, 2561; Mount Carlton, Kreager 152. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4a. Epilobium paniculatum jucundum (A. Gray) Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 85. 1891. Epilobium queundum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 57. 1876. Type Locauity: Scott Valley, California. Collected by Greene. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf17; Leavenworth, Whited 247. a Lehm. Pug. 2: 14. 1830. 29418—OG M 26 402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Epilobium paniculatum is a very variable species, or perhaps a complex of several. Suks- dorf, besides recognizing E. jucundum as a valid species, proposes two others, £. apricum and E. fasciculatum.a 5. Epilobium minutum Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 207. 1833. Type Locatiry: “North-West coast of America. Fort Vancouver. Near the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.” Collected at these points respectively by Menzies, Scouler, and Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region mainly. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 459; Whidby Island, Gardner 123; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1203; Nisqually Valley, Allen 253; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 81, 2108, 18; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 109; Blue Mountains, Horner 290. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. A rather variable species, but it will require further material and study to determine how many of the forms are worthy of recognition. Torrey and Gray recognized FE. minutum foliosum,» based on Nuttall’s MSS. name F. foliosum. Haussknecht ¢ recognized three sub- species, namely, stenophyllum (=foliosum Nutt.), platyphyllum, and adenophorum. Suksdorfd considers foliosum a good species and also describes A. minutum canescens and A. foliosum glabrum. 6. Epilobium palustre L. Sp. PI. 1: 348. 1753. Type Locauity. European. Rance: Alaska to Washington, Colorado, and Canada, Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 374. 7. Epilobium franciscanum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876. Type Locatiry: “Near San Francisco,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Kalispel, Areager, July 30, 1902; Spokane, Piper 2269. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ’ The specimen listed by Suksdorf as £. watsoni Barbey is the same as the Spokane plant above mentioned. 8. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. Oestr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 119. 1879. Tyre Locatiry: Ohio. Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California, Colorado, and Pennsy]- vania. - SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2568; Montesano, feller 3992, 3974; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2460; Seattle, Piper 102; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1558-59; Nisqually Valley, Allen 15; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson 2461; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 420; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2150; Lake Keechelus, Henderson 2462; Coulee City, Lake d& Hull 174, 744; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 412; Spokane, Piper 3515. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. A very variable species. The specimens referred in Cooper’s Report to Epilobium tetra- gonum L. doubtless belong here. 8a. Epilobium adenocaulon occidentale Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 95. 1891. Type Locairy: Beaver City, Utah. Rance: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whiied in 1895, 1300; Beaver Creek, Whited 3; Spo- kane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 3056, 3057, 1632; Hull 792. , a West Am. Scientist 11:77. 1901. ¢ Monog. Epil. 248. 1884. bFI. 1: 490. 1840. d Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 87. 1900. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 403 9. Epilobium halleanum Haussk. Monog. Epil. 261. 1884. Type Locairy: “Hab. in Oregon.’ Collected by Hall. Rance: Vancouver Island to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1130; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 2308; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 15; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2309; Vancouver, Piper 4929. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 10. Epilobium brevistylum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876. Type Locauity: Sierra County, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2345; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2189; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 550; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1202; Railroad Creck, Elmer 701; Olympic’ Mountains, Elmer 2569. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 11. Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. Encyc. 2: 376. 1786. Type Loca.itry: ‘“ Mont-d’Or.” Range: Arctic America, south to Labrador and in the mountains to California and Colo- rado. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2354; Tatoosh Mountains, Allen 189; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 640: Mount Adams, Flett 1241, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Artic. 12. Epilobium oregonense Haussk. Monog. Epil. 276, 1884. Tyre Locatity: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2351; Lake Keechelus, Henderson in 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 13. Epilobium alpinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 348. 1753. Epilobium lactiflorum Haussk. Ocsterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 29: 89. 1879, Type Locarity: “Habitat in Alpibus Helveticis, Lapponicis.”’ Rance: Subarctic regions, southward to Oregon, Utah, and New Hampshire. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 190: Piper 2166; Mount Constitution, Henderson 2453; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 16; Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Skokomish River, Kineaid 2250}; Stevens Pass, Sandberg Leiberg in 1893; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson 2454; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2032; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 677. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic, 14. Epilobium hornemanni Reichenb. Ic. Crit. 2:73. 1825. Epilobium nutans Hornem. in Oeder, Fl. Dan. 1387. 1810, not Schmidt, 1795. TYPE Loca.ity: “In turfosis alpinis Norvegiae.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Colorado, and the White Moun- tains. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2355, 1047, 2353, 2346, 2348, 2347; Mount Adams, Suksdorf’ 553; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 778; Atanum River, Henderson 2445; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 469: Mount Rainier, Allen 191: Bridge Creek, Elmer 744; Mount Rainier, Piper 2168, 1048: Blue Mountains, Piper 2359; Horner 289. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. Both the characters relied upon to separate this species from /. alpinum, namely, the rough seed and larger, darker flowers, break down completely in our material, and there is no evidence that the connecting forms are hybrids. , 404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 15. Epilobium fastigiatum (Nutt.) Epilobium affine fastigiatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 489. 1810. Epilobium glaberrimum latifolium Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876. Epilobium glaberrimum fastigiatum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 105. 1891. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Jett 115; Mount Rainier, Allen 192; Smith 755; Piper 2167, August 1895; Mount Adams, Henderson 2444; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 777: Caseade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Blue Mountains, Horner 238; Clallam County, Elmer 2559. 15a. Epilobium fastigiatum glaberrimum (Barbey). Epilobium glaberrimum Barbey in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 220. 1876. Type Loca.iry: Yosemite Valley, California. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878. 16. Epilobium pringleanum IHaussk. Mittheil. Geogr. Gesells. Jena 7:5. 1888, Epilobium oregonense gracillimum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 109. 1891. Type Locaurry: “California, mountains about the headwaters of the Sacramento River.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 552; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 17. Epilobium clavatum Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 111. 1891. Type Locauiry: Kicking Horse River, British Columbia. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2350, 2349; Mount Rainier, Piper 2165, 2164; Allen 192: Goat Mountains, Allen 252; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September, 1877, August 28, 1886; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 654; Clallam County, Elmer 2570. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 18. Epilobium leptocarpum macounii Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 103. 180l. Type Locauity: “Lake Athabasca.”’ Collected by Macoun. Rance: British America to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2352, 2356; Mount Adams, Suks- dorf 551. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 19. Epilobium mirabile Trelease, sp. nov. Turioniferous; stems rather slender, terete, crisp-pubescent, ascending from near the base, about a foot high, with rather short strict branches; leaves scarcely 25 mm. long, somewhat ascending, broadly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, remotely very low denticulate, rounded at base and very short-petioled, rather thick, minutely crisp-puberulent or at length subglabrescent ; inflorescence somewhat glandular; flowers suberect, crowded at summit; petals about 5mm. long, pale; capsules short-stalked, about 40 mm. long, curved, fusiform; seeds as in E. peniculatum, the at first very white ample coma soon falling and at length dingy.—Meadows at 1,500’meters altitude, in the Olympic Mountains, Washington (Piper, August, 1895, no. 2344).—A very peculiar plant, with the seed and foliage characters of E. minutum, but exaggerated, and the turions of the delicatum section, in which in stem and pubescence characters it falls near E. leptocarpum. 20. Epilobium ursinum Parish; Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 100, 1891. Type Locatity: San Bernardino County, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2148, 372; Klickitat River, Fett 1288. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 405 21. Epilobium drummondii Haussk. Monog. Epil. 271. 1884. Type Locauity: “Hab. in Rocky Mts.” Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Nevada and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2149. 22. Epilobium delicatum tenue Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 99. 1891. Type Locauiry: Union County, Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2309. Ermosrum pavuricum Fisch. in Hornem. Hort. Bot. Havn. Suppl. 44. 1819. Hauss- knecht in his Monograph reports this from Tacoma, collected by Krause, but we have seen no specimens thus referable. It was originally described from Siberia, and ranges at least as far east as Alaska. EPILoBIUM ORIGANIFOLIUM Lam. This name appears on Suksdorf’s list, but the species is not known to occur in North America. TARAXIA. White-pubescent; leaves deeply pinnatifid. .........-.--- 1. 7. tanacetifolia. Glabrous or nearly so. Leaves entire or denticulate..........-.-.....-.---- 2. T. heterantha. Leaves pinnatifid ...............-.--------------- 2a. T. heterantha taraxacifolia. 1. Taraxia tanacetifolia (Torr. & Gr.). Ocenothera tanacetifolia Torr. & Gr. Pacif. R. Rep. 2: 121. pl. 4. 1854. Tarazia longiflora Nutt.; Small, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 185. 1896. Ocenothera nuttallii Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 506. 1840, not Sweet, 18380. Type Locatity: “On the higher parts of the Sierra Nevada; latitude 41°, California. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 162; Crab Creek country, Suksdorf 308; Spokane County, Suksdorf 309; Marshall Junction, Piper 2259. ZONAL bisTDIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Taraxia heterantha (Nutt.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 185. 1896. Oenothera heteratha Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 22. 1834. Type LocaLity: “Towards the sources of the Columbia, in dry prairies.’”’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Utah. , SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, lett 1012; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 130; Spangle, Piper 2835; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1195. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2a. Taraxia heterantha taraxacifolia (5. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club. 23: 185. 1896. Oenothera heterantha taraxacifolia S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 589. 1873. Tararia taraxacifolia Heller, Muhlenbergia 1:1. 1900. Type LtocaLtity: Near Austin, Nevada. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Spokane County, Sandberg & Leiberg, 120 in part; Grand Coulee, Griffiths & Cotton 451; Walla Walla, Griffiths & Cotton 451, ZONAL pDisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. SPHAEROSTIGMA. Flowers axillary, yellow or yellowish. Capsule linear, more or less curved. ...-.-.---------+---+e- e+e eee 1. S. contortum. Capsule broadest at base, attenuate upward. Seeds pale, linear; flowers very small.........---------------- 2. S. andinum. Seeds dark, clavate; flowers larger... .....-.-.---.----------- 3. S. hilgardi. 406: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers white or rose-colored, in nodding spikes. Herbage viscid-glandular..............-.-.-.---2-----2--------- 4. S. boothit. Herbage puberulent, not glandular..............2.2..2.....2-.--- 5. 8. alyssoides. 1. Sphaerostigma contortum (Dougl.) Walp. Repert. 2: 78. 1843. Oenothera contorta Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833. Type Locauity: ‘Sandy barren soil on the mterior banks of the Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: 1. Form with stalked pods: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 263; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pasco, Piper 2965a; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892. 2. Form with pods sessile: Pasco, Piper 2965b; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 555, 85; Bingen, Suksdorf 2311; Ilia, Lake & Hull. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The two forms above listed are probably distinct, but it remains to be determined which is typical S. contortum, as the distinguishing character does not appear in the original description. The sessile-podded form was later described as S. strigulosa Fisch. & Mey. from California. The whole group is in need of critical study. 2. Sphaerostigma andinum (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 79. 1843. Oenothera andina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 512. 1840. Type Locaity: ‘Dry plains in the Rocky Mountains, near Black-Foot River.’”’ Col- lected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Montana to Nevada and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 86; Ellensburg, Piper 2675; Elmer 429; North Yakima, Henderson, May, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 311; Flett 1230; Klicki- tat Valley, Howell 1503; Pasco, Piper 2994; Spangle, Piper, June, 1899; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 786; without locality, Vasey 235; Coulee City, Piper 3907, 3908; Ellens- burg, Cotton 865. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Sphaerostigma hilgardi (Greene) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 188. 1896. Oenothera hilgardi Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 41. 1883. Tyre Locaity: “On moist alkaline soil of the Klickitat Swale,’’ Washington. Col- lected by Hilgard. RaNnGE: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1093; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; North Yakima, Almer 1082; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 290; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 145; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Ellensburg, Cotton 865. Zonat Distripution: Upper Sonoran. 4. Sphaerostigma boothii (Dougl.) Walp. Rep. 2: 77. 1843. Oenothera boothii Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833. @enothera pygmaea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 213. 1833. Tyre cocauiry: ‘On low exposed gravelly hills, near the branches of Lewis and Clark’s River, lat. 46° north.” Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 441; Snake River, Walla Walla region, Brandegee 785; Tweedy, June, 1883. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 5. Sphaerostigma alyssoides minutiflorum (S. Wats.) Small, Bull. Torr. Club 23: 192. 1896. Oenothera alyssoides minutiflora S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 591. 1873. Types Locauity: “ Northern Nevada and about Salt Lake, Utah.” 4 _ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 407 Rance: Washington to Nevada and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf’ 310; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 262. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. OENOTHERA. EVENING PRIMROSE. 1. Oenothera biennis muricata (L.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1604. 1833. Oenothera muricata Li. Syst. Veg. ed. 12. 263. 1767. Tyree Locauity: “Canada.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Washington; New England to Nova Scotia and Quebec. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 407; Tacoma, Flett 149; Waitsburg, Horner 181; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 199. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. la. Oenothera biennis strigosa (Rydberg). Onagra strigosa Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 278. 1900. Ocenothera biennis canescens Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 492. 1840, not Oenothera canescens Torr. & Frem. in Frem. Rep. 315. 1845. Type Locaity: Pony, Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Waited 1250; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 397; Chelan, Elmer 495; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Medical Lake, Henderson, July, 1892; Almota, Piper, September, 1897; Wawawai, [orner 673. ZONAL bisrripuTion: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. ANOGRA. 1. Anogra pallida (Lindl.) Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 175. 1896. Ocnothera. pallida Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1142. 1828. Type Locauity: “In the Northwest of North America.” “Growing among sand in all the dry country west of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. . Rance: British Columbia to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1110; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 970; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2992; Hindshaw 43; Glendale, Lake & Hull 522; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 217; Lake Chelan, Howard in 1899: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 537; Kiona, Piper, July, 1897; Steamboat Rock, McKay 20. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. GAYOPHYTUM. Seeds canescent with appressed hairs........-.------------------- 1. G. lasiospermum. Seeds glabrous. Stems branched at base, very leafy, the shoots erect; capsules olong, nearly sessile,.............-.--------------+-------- 4. G. pumilum. Stems usually much-branched above, remotely leafy; capsules on elongated pedicels., Flowers large, 6 to 12 mm. broad.......-.-.---..-------- 2. G. diffusum. Flowers small, 2 to 4 mm. broad.........--------------- 3. G. ramosissimum. 1. Gayophytum lasiospermum Greene, Pittonia 2: 164. 1891. Tyre Locauity: Near Julian, California. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 168; Ellensburg, Piper 2634; Mount Adams, Henderson 2466; Chelan, Elmer 488; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 252; 408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Conconully, Whited 1313; Spokane, Piper 2634; Henderson 2467; Nile, Henderson 2464 ; Sprague, Lake & Hull, August, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Gayophytum diffusum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 513. 1840. Tyre Locaity: “Rocky Mountains and plains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited; along Methow River, Whited 220; Loomis- ton, Elmer 609; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Klickitat River, Flet? 1405; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Geyer 546. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Gayophytum ramosissimum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 513. 1840. Type Locatity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2310, 2297, 2296, 2295, 22: Henderson, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2257, 20, 21; North Yakima, Piper, June, 1897; Henderson, May, 1892; Wenache, Whited in 1896; Washtucna, Elmer 1042; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 528: Cascade Mountains, Piper, July, 1895; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; without locality, Brandegee 781; Ritzville, Sandberg c& Leiberg 159; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Blue Mountains, Horner 293, 292; Walla Walla, Nuttall. ZONAL DistriBuTION: Arid Transition. Hooker @ recognizes two subspecies, but evidently his names have become interchanged in respect to the characters. Capsules short, the fruiting pedicels refracted .... 2.2... 22... (7, ramosissimum strictipes. Capsules longer, canescent, pedicels erect ia fruit............. @. ramosissimum deflerum. 4. Gayophytum pumilum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 18: 193. 1883. Tyre Locatiry: “From San Bernardino County, California, to Washington Territory.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 376; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June, (1881, and 19; Klickitat River, Suksdorf' 82; bars of Touchet River, Horner 286; near Salmon River, Horner 284; Blue Mountains, Horner 317, 119; Skamania County, Flett 1236. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? “GAYOPHYTUM RACEMOsUM Torr. & Gr., and Gayorpuyrum cagsium Torr. & Gr. Both these names, which are considered to represent one species, appear in Suksdorf’s list. The type of the latter was collected in “Oregon, on dry open plains near Walla Walla,” by Nut- tall, possibly a Washington locality, but many of Nuttall’s plants so labelled were collected far to the southeast of Wallula (Old Fort Walla Walla). At any rate we have seen no Wash- ington specimens of the plant, those labelled @. racemosum being as a rule G, ramosissimum. PACHYLOPHUS. Leaves green, glabrous, except the villous margins.................... I P. marginatus. . , ’ i. 5 / Leaves canescent-puberulent on both sides..............-............ 2. 2. P. canescens. 1. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.) Ocenothera marginata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 500. 1840. Type Locatiry: ‘‘ Rocky Mountains in Upper California, about lat. 42°,” probably in Idaho. Collected by Nuttall. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steptoe Canyon, McKay. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: : Upper Sonoran. a Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 224. 1847. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 409 2. Pachylophus canescens sp. nov. ° Acaulescent or nearly so, cespitose, the whole plant canescent with a fine appressed pubescence; root stout and woody, becoming 30 cm. long or more; leaves rather numerous, pale green, oblanceolate, repandly dentate or subentire, obtuse or acute, each attenuate into a petiole with margins narrower than the broad white midrib; calyx canescent, the tube very narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long, twice the length of the lanceolate attenuate lobes; petals broadly obovate, pink, 2 to 3 cm. long; pods 2 to 3 em. long, linear-oblong, attenuate into astout beak, canescent like the leaves. This species is distinguishable from the others of the genus only by the character of the pubescence. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Washington—Sentinel Bluffs in gravelly soil, Cotton 1345 (type); Priest Rapids, Brandegee 77, July 14, 1903. Oregon—near Harper Ranch, Leberg 2103; near Westfall on road to Ontario, Coville 504; without locality, Cusick in 1885. California— Without locality, Vasey in 1880. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. The type is in the National Herbarium. LAVAUXTIA. 1. Lavauxia triloba (Nutt.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 367. 1835. Oenothera triloba Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 2: 118. 1821. Type Locauity: “In the arid and partly denudated prairies of Red River,” Arkansas. Rance: Washington and Saskatchewan, south to California and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima River, Suksdorf 1703. GODETIA. Calyx tips free in the bud, the lobes separate in anthesis; stigmas oval, purple; capsules sessile. Ovary and capsule villous ..........----.------------------- 1. G. quadrivulnera. Ovary and capsule puberulent .......-..--....--------------- 2. @. tenella. Calyx tips united, remaining so in anthesis; capsules mostly pedicelled. Anthers sparsely hairy, large, the terminal portion sterile and often becoming hooked... ...........--..------------------ 3. G. amoena. Anthers glabrous, small, fertile to the tips. ......-.-.-....----- 4. G. caurina. 1. Godetia quadrivulnera (Dougl.) Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 389. 1835. Ocenothera quadrivulnera Doug]. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1119. 1827. Godetia bingensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900. Type Locauity: “Northwest America.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fox Island, F/ett 84; Tacoma, Flett 907, 167; Olympia to Gate City, Heller 4050; Steilacoom, Piper in 1885; Suckley in 1885; Bingen, Suksdorf, July 4, 1892; June 13, July, 1881; Yelm, Smith 428; Puget Sound, Wdkes Expedition 133. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Godetia tenella (Cav.) Spach; Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 697. 1840. Oenothera tenella Cav. Icon. 4: 66. pl. 396. 1797. Type Locauity: “Habitat prope urbem Talcahuano in Chile.” Rance: Washington to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2152; Clallam County, Elmer 2567 3. Godetia amoena (Lehm.) Lilja, Linnaca 15: 265. 1841. Ocenothera amoena Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 8. 1821. Ocnothera lindleyi Doug|. Hook. Bot. Mag. 55: pl. 2832. 1828. Godetia vinosa Lind]. Bot. Reg. 22: pl. 1856. 1836. Type Locauity: ‘“Amerfica] Septentr[ionalis].”’ 410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RanGe: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sinclair Inlet, Piper, July, 1895; Steilacoom, Suckley; Ska- mania County, Suksdorf 2129; Chambers Prairie, Henderson, August, 1892; Johns Island, Lawrence 189; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 27, July 1881 and 23. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Godetia caurina Abrams, sp. nov. Stems erect, simple below, more or less branched above, 30 to 60 cm. high; herbage minutely and rather sparsely puberulent throughout; leaves linear -lanceolate, entire; flower heads mainly erect, oblong, obtuse at apex, 12 to 14 mm. long; calyx tube 2 mm. long; petals obovate, 15 to 18 mm. long, purple with a blotch of deeper color near the center; anthers 3 mm. long, fertile to the tip, glabrous; stigmas linear-oblong, 3 mm. long, yellow; capsule 8-ribbed, stoutly beaked at apex, 25 mm. long, tapering at base into a pedicel fully half as long. Nearest G. amoena (Lehm.) Lilja from which it is best distinguished by its much smaller glabrous anthers, which are not sterile at tip, and oblong obtuse flower buds. TYPE LocaLity: Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, collected by Eimer 2565, June, 1900 (type, United States National Herbarium, no, 401890). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Finlayson, Vancouver Island, Macoun, June 28, 1887; Beacon Hill, Vancouver Island, Macoun, May 25, 1887. GobETIA VIMINEA (Dougl.) Spach, Gopetia Lepipa Lindl. Both these names appear in Suksdorf’s list, but there are no specimens to indicate that these species occur in Wash- ington. The species of this genus are very poorly understood. BOISDUVALIA. Upper leaves much broader than the lower ones; capsule septifragal in dehiscence....... 2.2.22 2-2-2222 ee ee ee ee eee 1. B. densiflora. Upper leaves not broader than the lower ones; capsule loculicidal in dehiscence. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, pubescent._-.-...................... 2. B. stricta. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, often glabrous... ......2...-.-.......... 3. B. glabella. 1. Boisduvalia densiflora (Lindl.) 8. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876. Boisduvalia douglasti Spach, Hist. Veg. 4: 385. 1835. Oenothera densiflora Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1593. 1833. Tyre Locauity: Northern California. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1897; Ellensburg, Whited 573; west Klicki- tat County, Suksdorf 2254; Leavenworth, Whited 248; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 557; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 588; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Hull, July 16, 1892; Piper, 1839; Ellensburg, Cotton 866. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. la. Boisduvalia densiflora pallescens Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 88. 1900. Type Loca.iry: Near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf. Distinguished by having white flowers and somewhat larger seeds. 2. Boisduvalia stricta (A. Gray) Greene, Fl. Fran, 225. 1891. Gayophytum strictum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 340. 1867. Boisduvalia torreyx S. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 233. 1876. Oenothera torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 384. 1873. Tyre Locatity: Cloverdale, California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 411 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 411; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 378, 558; foothills Blue Mountains, Horner 176; Blue Mountains, Horner, August, 1896; Spokane, Piper, June, 1897, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller, 905; Pullman, Henderson 2470; Piper 2657 ; 2655; Wawawai, Elmer 757; Piper, June 23, 1901; Squaw Creek, Cotton 877; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 690. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. . 3. Boisduvalia giabella (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. 2: 89. 1843. Ocenothera glabella Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 505. 1840. Tyre Loca.ity: “Plains of the Oregon east of Wallawallah.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 2656; Hull, July, 1892: ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. CLARKIA. Petals entire...... 2.02.22 2-222-222-2222 -- +--+ +e ee -- Seen eee 1. C. rhomboidea. Petals 3-lobed......... 0... 2-2-2 2-2-2 2 2.C. pulchella. 1. Clarkia rhomboidea Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 214. 1833. Type Locauity; “From the Great Falls of the Columbia to the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 780; Wenache Gulch, Whited 1165; Klickitat River, Flett 1234; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Stehekin, Whited, July 5, 1901; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey 238; without locality, Lyall in 1861; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL pistriBpuTION: Arid Transition. 2. Clarkia pulchella Pursh, Fl. 1: 260. 1814. Type Ltocauiry: “On the Kooskooskee and Clark’s Rivers.” Collected by Lewis. The first locality is in Idaho, opposite the town of Kamiah, the Camp Chopunnish, where Lewis collected many plants. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Hindshaw 38; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1861; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Sprague, Henderson, May, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 211; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 531: Pullman, Piper 1630; Tampico, Flett 1232; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 376. ZONAL pistriBuTiON: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. HALORAGIDACEAE. Water Mitrorm FaAminy. Stamen 1; ovary l-celled...-............-------------------------- Hiervuris. Stamens 2 to 8; ovary 2 to 4-celled... 2.22... 22-22-22 ee ee MyriorHyL_uM. HIPPURIS. Maresraiv. Alpine plant 2 to 5 em. high........-.-.-.-.------------------------- 1. H. montana. Lowland plant 20 to 50 em. high......-.....------------------------- 2. H. vulgaris. 1. Hippuris vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 4. 1753. Type LocaLiry: European. RaNGE: Arctic regions, southward to California, New Mexico, and Maine. Europe, As ia . 412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1254; Lake Cushman, Piper 2225; Whidby Island, Gardner 350; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Seattle, Piper; Longmire Springs, Piper, August, 1895; Columbia Valley, Lyall. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Hippuris montana Ledeb.; Reichenb. Ic. F]. Germ. 1: 76. pl. 86. f. 181, 1823. TypPE LocaLity: ‘Unalaschka.” RanGE: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, Allen 186; Piper 2136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 792. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Warer MILFOIL. Floral leaves shorter than the flowers.............-.....-22.2--.--- 1. M. spicatum. Floral leaves longer than the flowers. Stamens 8; floral leaves pectinate.....__- See ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 2. M. verticillatum. Stamens 3 or 4; floral leaves denticulate..............-.-...... 3. M. hippuroides. 1. Myriophyllum spicatum L. Sp. PI. 2: 992. 1753. Type LOCALITY: European. Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, southward to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Cushman, Piper 2230; Seattle, Piper 1132; Yakima region, Brandegee 776; Ellensburg, Hindshaw. 2. Myriophyllum verticillatum L. Sp. P]. 2: 992. 1753. Type Locauity: European. Rance: Washington to Canada, southward to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Segualiche Lake, Piper, May, 1888; Lake Chelan, Elmer, August, 1897; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Gorman in 1897; Tacoma, Flett 2146; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 310. 3. Myriophyllum hippuroides Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 580.1840. TypPE Loca.ity: “Oregon, in ponds of the Wahlamet.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2176; Lindsleys, Clarke County, Henderson. ARALIACEAE. Ginsenc Famitry. Herb; leaves compound .......-..---- 2-2-2222 2 2 eee eee -.. ARALIA. Shrub; leavessimple.............22..02.020-20 22-220 20 22-202 eee ECHINOPANAX. ARALIA. 1. Aralia nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 274. 1753. Type Locauity: “In Virginia.”’ RANGE: Washington to Newfoundland, Missouri, and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Kreager 206. ECHINOPANAX. 1. Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch. in Rev. Hortic. 3: 105. 1854. DEVIL’s CLUB. Panaz horridum Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 26: No. 10. 1812. Aralia erinacea Hook. Edinb. Journ. Sci. 6: 64. 1827. Fatsia horrida Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 939. 1867. Type Locauiry: Nootka Sound. Collected by Menzies. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 413 Ranee: Alaska to California and the Blue Mountains, Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1891; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 116; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 772; Stampede Pass, Henderson, October 4, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 753; Yakima Pass, Watson, November 19, 1880; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner; Clallam County, Elmer 2508; Big Meadow, Kreager 424; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL pisrRiBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. APIACEAE. Cevery Famity. Flowers in dense heads; fruit scaly or tuberculate.....-.---- Erynoium (p. 414). Flowers in umbels. Fruit more or less bristly. Bristles hooked covering the whole fruit surface .... SANIcULA (p. 414). Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit. Stylopodium obsolete ; bristles barbed at tip... Daucus (p. 415). Stylopodium conical; bristles not barbed. Carpels oblong or ovate .....------------ Cauca.is (p. 416). Carpels linear... ..--------------------- WasHINGTONIA (p. 416). Fruit glabrous, not at all bristly. Carpels strongly flattened dorsally. Stylopodium conical; petals obcordate...-.--- Herac eum (p. 417). Stylopodium flat or obsolete. Calyx teeth evident; stylopodium flat... - CYNOMARATHRUM (p. 417). Calyx teeth obsolete or nearly so; stylo- podium obsolete. Plant ‘caulescent and — branching; flowers white. Ultimate segments of the leaves large .....-.-2--------+------ ANGELICA (p. 418). Ultimate segments of the leaves small .....-..--------------- CoNn10sELINUM (p. 419). Plants acaulescent; or, if caulescent, flowers not white. Mostly acaulescent; lateral ribs thin .......22..------------- Lomatium (p. 419). Mostly caulescent; lateral ribs thick ........-.------------- LEPTOTAENIA (p. 425). Carpels not dorsally flattened. Oil tubes present; leaves not peltate. Fruit with a single oil tube in each interval. Stylopodium conical. Leaflets linear. .....------------ Carum (p. 426). Leaflets lanceolate to ovate... --- Cicuta (p. 426). Stylopodium flat or obsolete. Flowers yellow; leaves simple or tri- foliolate......-.------------- Zizia (p. 427). Flowers white. Fruit elongate ......------- LEIBERGIA (p. 427). Fruit short. Leaves decompound .... OENANTHE (p. 427). Leaves reduced to hollow petioles ....--------- Livanopsts (p. 428). Fruit with more than one oil tube in each interval. 414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Stylopodium conical. Fruit globose.... 222222222222... Beruta (p. 428). Fruit oblong. ....22.2.2..22...- Ligusticum (p. 428). Stylopodium flat or obsolete. Ribs of the fruit wing-like. Wings thick and corky; flowers white... 22.2. 2222222222. GLEENIA (p. 429). Wings thin; flowers yellow .. Preryxta (p. 429). . Ribs of the fruit not wing-like. Plants acaulescent. Fruit with all the ribs fili- form; root not tuberous HesperoGEnia (p. 430), Fruit with the dorsal ribs filiform, the lateral ones corky; root tuberous. . OroGEnta (p. 430). Plants caulescent; ribs of the fruit all thick and corky. Leaflets linear or narrowly lanceolate... . 2.22... Sium (p. 430). Leaflets ovate...2.22... CoELOPLEURUM (p. 430). Oil tubes obsolete or very obscure; leaves peltate. HypRocoryLEe (p. 431). ERYNGIUM. Bractlets littl® longer than the pale blue heads.................. 1. #, articulatum. Bractlets twice as long as the green heads......................... 2. E. petiolatum. 1. Eryngium articulatum Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 232. 1847. Eryngium harknessic Curran, Bull. Cal: Acad. 1: 153. 1885. Type Locatity: “Stony edges of the Spokane River, and Skitsoé and Coeur d'Alene Lakes.’’ Collected by Geyer. The first locality. is probably in Washington; the others are in Idaho. Rance: From northern Idaho, through Washington and Oregon to central California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Spalding; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Pullman, Piper 1559 and October 10, 1897; without locality, Geyer 583. The specimens reported@ as collected at Olympia by Henderson 2518, 2519, are really from Eastern Washington. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Eryngium petiolatum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 259. 1833. Eryngium petiolatum juncifolium A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 385. 1872. Tyre Locatity: “Moist soils on the plains of the Multnomah [Willamette] River,” Oregon. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Western Oregon to Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Columbia Plains, Nuttall [Oregon or Washington ?]. SANICULA. Mature fruit stipitate; leaves palmately divided... -.-............ 1. 8. menziesii. Mature fruit sessile, not stipitate. Leaves pinnately parted, the segments incised................ 4.8. bipinnalifida. Leaves palmately divided. Principal leaf divisions confluent at base, ........... 22... 2. S. howellii. Principal leaf divisions distinct at base.................. 3.8. septentrionalis. aContr. Nat. Herb. 7:52. 1900. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 415 1. Sanicula menziesii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 142. 1832. Sanicula nudicaulis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 347. 1839-40. Type Locauiry: Not given, but California according to Hooker.¢ Rance: British Columbia to California near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Smith 643; Olympia, Kincaid, July, 1896; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; MeAllisters Lake, Hen- derson, June, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Sanicula howellii Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 81. 1888. Type Locauity: “Sandy shores, Tilamook Bay and Ocean Beach, Oregon.” Collected by Howell. RANGE: Sea coast of Oregon to Vancouver Island. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall; Whidby Island, Gardner; Granville, Conard 173. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Sanicula septentrionalis Greene, Erythea 1: 6. 1893. Sanicula divaricata Greene, Erythea 3: 64. 1895. Typr Locatity: “Chase River, Vancouver Island.’’ Collected by Macoun. Rance: From northern California to Vancouver Island and western Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 21; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2772; Skamania County, Flett 1301; Goat Mountains, Allen 254; White Salmon River, Suksdorf 276; Little Klickitat River, Henderson 2577; Blue Mountains, Piper 2338. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. This species was formerly confused with the more southern S. nevadensis S. Wats. 4. Sanicula bipinnatifida Dougl.; Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 258. pl, 92. 1834. Type Locauiry: “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas and Scouler. : RANGE: From Vancouver Island to southern California, and extending into Lower California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 137; Puget Sound, Cooper. ZONAL pistRIBUTION: Humid Transition. , SANICULA MARILANDICA, L, has been reported from “undulating gravelly soils, near Fort Vancouver, Douglas.” & Not since seen in Washington, but it occurs in northern Idaho. SANICULA BIPINNATA Hook. & Arn. was found on “ Prairie near Steilacoom” by Cooper, according to Torrey.c Probably some related species was mistaken for it. DAUCUS. 1. Daucus pusillus Michx. Fl. 1: 164. 1803. WILD CARROT, Daucus pusillus microphyllus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 636. 1840. Daucus pusillus scaber Torr. & Gr. loc, cit. Type Loca.ity: “In campestribus Carolinae.”’ . Rance: From the Carolinas and Florida to California, thence northward to Vancouver Island. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper 2010; Whidby Island, Gardner 132; Kast Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper; Fidalgo City, Flett 2103; Clallam County, Elmer 2770; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1881. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. a Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 258. 1834. ’ Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 257. 1834. c Pac. R. Rep. 12%: 62. 1860. 416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, CAUCALIS. 1. Caucalis microcarpa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 348. 1839-40. Type Locaity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: From Washington and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, and extend- ing into Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2766; Almota, Piper, May 2, 1897; Wawawai Elmer 93; Piper 1890, May 19, 1894; Lake 706; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 16. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. WASHINGTONIA. Fruit with bristly ribs. Flowers purple ......------ 22-20. eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ce ee ee eee eee 1. W. purpurea. ‘Flowers white. Foliage strigose-pubescent ........------+-2-eeeeee ee ee ence 2. W. brevipes. Foliage glabrous or nearly so. Fruit with a conspicuous sharp beak ...............---- . 3. W. divaricata, Fruit constricted below the apex and with truncate tip... 4. W. leibergi. Fruit glabrous. Rays erect in fruit........2.0.2.2.2...2.2-.-2.--2----.-----.-.-.- 5. W. occidentalis. Rays spreading in fruit................2.-.-.-.-.------------- 6. W. ambigua. 1. Washingtonia purpurea Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900. TYPE LocALITY: “Sitka, Alaska.”’ Rance: Mountains of northern Oregon to Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1382. 2. Washingtonia brevipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900. Tyre Locatity: ‘Mount Shasta and vicinity, Siskiyou County, Cal.’’ Collected by Palmer. RANGE: *‘rom northern Washington and adjacent Idaho to southern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Seattle, Piper 110; Smith 110; Chehalis County, Heller 3975; Whidby Island, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, lett 63; Wenache Mountains, Whited 467; Roslyn, Whited 467; Mount Stuart, Eimer 1176; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2115; Blue Mountains, Horner 215; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 44; Clallam County, Elmer 2774; Stuart Island, Lawrence 56. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Washingtonia divaricata Britton Ill. Fl. 2: 531. 1897. Washingtonia intermedia Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 289. 1900. Osmorhiza divaricata Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 639. 1840, nom. nud.; Britt. & Br. Tl. Fl. 2: 531. 1897, as synonym. Type Locatity: ‘‘Oregon.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From Oregon and northern California to South Dakota, and northward to Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 365; Silverton, Bouck 85; Nis- qually Valley, Allen 34; Olympia, Henderson 376; Yakima County, Henderson 376; Rock Creek, Spokane County, Suksdorf 1195; Spokane, # W. Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 764; without locality, Vasey 306; Cape Horn, Piper 4979; Klickitat River, Cotton 1480. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Washingtonia leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 66. 1900. Tyre Locatity: “Nason Creek, branch of Wenatchee River, Kittitas County, Washing- ton.”’ Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Mountains of Washington and Idaho. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 417 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 911; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1194; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 666. 5. Washingtonia occidentalis (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 67. 1900. Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 639. 1840. Osmorhiza oceidentalis Nutt.; Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 71. 1859. Type Locairy: “ Western side of the Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. RANGE. From Alberta to northern California and the mountains of Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1413; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Blue Mountains, Piper 2334; Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 304; Roslyn, Whited 465; near Wenache, Whited 7; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Mount Carlton, K. reager 282; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1681. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 6. Washingtonia ambigua (A. Gray) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 69. 1900. Glycosma ambiquum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 386, 1872. Osmorhiza ambiqua Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Um. 119. 1888. Type Locarity: “Foot of Cascade Mountains, Oregon.” Collected by Hall. Rance: Mountains of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 256; Mount Adams, Henderson in 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 382; foothills near Ellensburg, Piper, May, 1897; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 502; upper Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. OsMORHIZA LONGISTYLIS (Torr.) DC. is reported in Hookera as found by Douglas in “Shady woods, North-West America, in the lat. of the Columbia.” Some related species is doubtless here confused. OsMorHIZA BREVISTYLIS DC. is reported in Hooker > as found “From the mouth of the Columbia to Observatory Inlet, in lat. 55°, North-West America,” the specimens collected by Scower and Douglas. Here again some related species has probably been confused. HERACLEUM. 1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 166. 1803. Cow PARSNIP. Heracleum douglasii DC. Prod. 4: 193. 1830. Heracleum lanatum vestitum Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 632. 1840. Type Locauitry: “Canada.” Rance: Wet ground from Canada to North Carolina and Tennessee, and extending westward to New Mexico, California, and Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, Bouck; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 538; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 10, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall; Pull- man, Piper 1558; Roslyn, Whited 466; North Palouse River, Vasey, June 6, 1901; Spokane County, Clarks Springs, Kreager 139; Spokane River, Wilkes Expedition 397; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2763; Piper in 1895; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. Abundant in moist soil in most parts of the State. Douglas records that the “roots and young stems are eaten by Chenook Indians.”’ CYNOMARATHRUM. 1. Cynomarathrum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 246. 1900. Peucedanum brandegei Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18: 210. 1888. Tyre Locauiry: “Walla Walla region, Washington.”’ Collected by Brandegee. Rance: Eastern Washington. aF]. Bor. Am. 1: 271. 1834. bFI. Bor. Am. 1: 272. 1834. 29418—06 M——27 418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONA} HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stehekin, Whited 1388; without locality, Vasey 296, 299; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 516; Wellington, Savage 18; Cascade Mountains, Jat. 49°, Lyall in 1860; Bridge Creek, Elmer 651; Mount Stuart, Elmer 116; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 799; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 236. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ANGELICA. Oil tubes in pairs in the lateral intervals. .....--..------------+----- 1. A. canbyi. Oil tubes solitary in all the intervals. Leaves densely tomentose beneath... ......---------------++++- 2. A. hendersont. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Involucels of numerous bractlets.......-------------------- 3: A. genuflera. Involucels usually wanting. Fruit 6 to 8 mm. long with lateral wings thick and corky.. 4. A. arguta. Fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, the lateral wings not thick and corky . 5. A. lyalli. 1. Angelica canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 40. 1888. Type Locaity: “Low grassy ground along streams, Klickitat River, near Mount Adams,” Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1410, 1188; Ellensburg, Whited 533, Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 638; near Mount Paddo, Suksdorf 763; Blue Mountains, Piper 2335; Horner 302; Touchet River, Horner 301; without locality, Vasey 301; without locality, Brandegee 796} ; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 420. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 2. Angelica hendersoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 80. 1888. Type tocauty: “Bluffs moistened by sea spray, Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County), Washington.’”’ Collected by Henderson. RANGE: Seacoast, from southern Washington to San Francisco. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Nahcotta, Brodie in 1900. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Angelica genuflexa Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 620. 1840. Archangelica peregrina Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 622. 1840. Type Locatiry: Wappatoo Island, [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver [Washington]. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From Oregon to southern Alaska, west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Montesano, Heller 4035a; West Seattle, Piper 628 and August 3, 1889; Tacoma, Fett 167; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 36; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 187; Sumas, Lyall; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 627, 186; Olympic Mountains, £/mer 2765. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Angelica arguta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 620. 1840. Tyre Locatity: “ Wappatoo Island [Oregon] and near Fort Vancouver {[Washington].”’ Collected by Nuttall. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Type specimen of Nuttall in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden. This species is known only from the original specimens of Nuttall. Unless these repre- sent some unusual condition of A. lyallii it is difficult to understand why the species has not been found since by the numerous botanists who have collected in and about the type locality. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 419 5. Angelica lyallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 374. 1882. Type Locatiry: “In the Galton and Cascade Mountains, near the British boundary.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: In the mountains, from eastern Oregon to northwestern Wyoming and north- ward to Alberta. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2023; Mount Rainier, Piper in 1890; Allen; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen; Stampede Pass, Henderson in 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 636; Falcon Valley, Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 128; without locality, Brandegee 796; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 855; Blue Mountains, Piper 2336, August 2, 1896; Dry Creek, Whitman County Vasey, July 30, 1901; Clealum Creek, Cotton 830. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. ANGELICA sp. An undescribed species of Angelica occurs on Mount Adams, of which immature specimens have been collected by Henderson. It has been referred erroneously to A. kingii (Selinum kingii S. Wats.) to which it is perhaps nearest related. CONIOSELINUM. 1. Conioselinum gmelini (Cham. & Schlecht.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 150. 1900. Ligusticum gmelini Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 391. 1826. Selinum benthami 8. Wats. Bibl. Index 432. 1878. Selinum hookeri 8. Wats.; Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 45. 1888. Conroselinum fischeri Auct. Amer. Type Locauity: ‘ Unalaska.’’ Rance: From Alaska and Northwest Territory southward to the Columbia River along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper July, 1890, 631; Port Ludlow, Binns in 1890; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Fleff 131; Steilacoom, Suckley; Ilwaco, Hen- derson 2160; Straits of De Fuca, Scouler; Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition 7. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. In Cooper’s report this plant was referred to Conium maculatum 1. and spoken of by Torrey as “‘the large form of the northwest coast.” LOMATIUM. Low plants arising from thick tubers. Flowers white; tubers globose. Fruit puberulent.......222-2 22202. 1. L. gormani, Fruit glabrous. Oil tubes none; tubers often moniliform..._ - 2. L. geyeri. Oil tubes present. Tubers large; oil tubes solitary in the intervals. .2. 2.222222 2 eee 3. L. canbyi. Tubers small; oil tubes several in each interval, Pedicels slender, longer than the fruits. 222222222 ee 4. L. farinosum. Pedicels stout, much shorter than the fruits... 22222022202. ee 5. L. piperi. Flowers yellow; tubers elongate. Fruit puberulent. Oil tubes 3 to 6 in each interval... .. 22... 6. L. watsoni. Oil tubes solitary in the intervals... 2.22... 7. L. cous. Fruit glabrous; oil tubes solitary in the intervals. 8. L. cireumdatum. u 4?() CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Taller plants, the roots elongate, hardly tuberous. | Peduncles stout, often much swollen at the summit. Fruit very large, 18 to 28 mm. long; leaf segments NarrOW.....-.-------- +2 eee ee eee 9. L. suksdorfit. Fruit smaller 8 to 14 mm. long. Leaf segments lanceolate... ..---.--------- 10. L. nudicaule, Leaf segments ovate to orbicular....-..---- 11. L. platyphyllum, Peduncles less stout, never swollen at the top. Bractlets conspicuous. Flowers yellow; leaves glabrous... ...-.----- 12. L. utriculatum. Flowers white. Herbage tomentose. .-.-.------------ 13. L. macrocarpum. Herbage puberulent . ....-.----------- 14. L. artemisiarum. Bractlets small or wanting. Fruit linear; flowers long-pedicelled.......- - 15. L. ambiguum. Fruit oblong. Leaves pinnate. Oil tubes solitary in the intervals... 16. L. martindalei. Oil tubes 3 in each interval. ....-- - 17. L. halla. Leaves ternate. Wings of the fruit broad. Ill-scented, the leaves finely dissected... -..-..--------- 21. L. grayi. Not ill-scented, the leaves not finely dissected........-.--- 18. L. laevigatum. Wings of the fruit narrow. Ovaries glabrous. .....-...-.- 19. ZL. triternatum. Ovaries puberulent. ‘ Leaf segments lanceolate, elongate, usually entire... 20. L. robustius. Leaf segments oblong, rather short, often toothed... ~~ - 22. L. brevifolium. 1. Lomatium gormani (Howell) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 208. 1900. Peucedanum gormani Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 252. 1898 (April 1). Peucedanum confusum Piper, Erythea 6: 29, 1898 (April 10. ) Typr Locauiry: On “high hills opposite The Dalles,’ Washington. Collected by Howell. Ranoe: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 60; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat, Howell 411; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 84; Pullman, Piper 1565; Elmer 73; Wawawai, Piper 1566; Coliax, Vasey, April 13, May 5, 1902; Waitsburg, Horner 4; Spokane County, Leiberg 750; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895. ZONAL pistriBuTION: Arid Transition. 2. Lomatium geyeri (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 209. 1900. Peucedanum geyeri S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 14: 293. 1879. Peucedanum evittatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 14: 277. 1889. Type Locauiry: ‘Sandy woods and plains, upper Columbia River; the biscuit-root of the Indians.” Collected by Geyer, no. 458, probably along the lower Spokane River. Rance: Eastern Washington and northern Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1007 and May 17, 1896; Badger Mountain, Whited, April 22, 1900; Roslyn, Whited, April 25, 1898; Ellensburg, Whited 270; Prper, May 20, 1897; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper 2300, 2941, 2697; Henderson 2502; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 7; Ellensburg, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 421 3. Lomatium canbyi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900. Peucedanum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 78. 1888. Tyre Locairy: “High ridges, E. Oregon.”” Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 287; Ellensburg, Whited 287, 258 and May 4, 1898: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Klickitat Valley, Howell 1367, 67; near Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Davenport, Geo. R. Sawyer, April 13, 1901; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 567; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Lomatium farinosum (Geyer) Coult. & Rose, Contr, Nat. Herb. 7: 210. 1900. Peucedanum farinosum Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ, Bot. 6: 235. 1847. Ferula farinosa Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. Joc, cit. Type Locatiry: “On an isolated rock in the Coeur d’ Aleine Mountains on wet clay.” Collected by Geyer. Rance: Eastern Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pine City, Piper, May 6, 1898; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Levberg, May, 1893; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 131; near Spangle, Piper, May 31, 1901; Almota, Piper 2794; Wawawai, Elmer 98; Piper 1567; Coulee City, Piper 3874; North Palouse River, Vasey, May 25, 1902. ZONAL bisrripuTIoN: Arid Transition. 5. Lomatium piperi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900. Type Locauiry: “Ellensburg, Kittitas County, Wash.’’ Collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: From the mountains of northern California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell, February 15, May, 1878; Klickitat River, Flett 1304; White Salmon, Suksdorf 278; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895. ZONAL bistripuTION: Arid Transition. 6. Lomatium watsoni Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 211. 1900. Peucedanum watsoni Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 209. 1888. Type Locauity: ‘Simcoe Mts.,” Yakima County, Wash. Collected by Howell. Rance: Mountains of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Columbus, Suksdorf; Klickitat, Howell 412, 413; Klickitat Hills, German, April, 1895; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 180. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Lomatium cous (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 214. 1900. Cous. Bisourr Root, Peucedanum cous 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Type Locauity: “John Day’s Valley,’ Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2341; Wawawai, Elmer 97; above Wawa- wai, Piper, May 6, 1901; Whitman County near Lewiston, B. Hunter 45. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. , 8. Lomatium circumdatum (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 213. 1900. Peucedanum circumdatum S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, 22: 474. 1887. Type Locauitry: “On hillsides in the Wallowa region of eastern Oregon.”” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Eastern Oregon and Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, /7orner 222. This species is not very satisfactorily distinguished from LZ. cous. Good series of speci- mens for both of these species are needed before their relations can be made clear. 422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. Lomatium suksdorfii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 239. 1900. Peucedanum suksdorfii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 369. 1885. Type Locauity: “On dry rocky mountain sides, W. Klickitat County, Washington Ter- ritory.”” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 132; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 489; without locality, Vasey 300. 10. Lomatium nudicaule (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900. Smyrnium nudicaule Pursh, Fl. 1: 196. 1814. Seseli leiocarpum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 263. pl. 93. 1834. Peucedanum leiocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840. Peucedanum leiocarpum campestre Nutt. loc. cit. Type Locairy: ‘On the Columbia River.”’ Collected by Lewis April 15, 1806, then at the Dalles. Rance: From central California to British Columbia and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, 0. Piper, May, 1898; Fairhaven, Piper 2805; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 47; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 130; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 797; without locality, Cooper in 1854; without locality, Vasey 297, 295; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2773. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 11. Lomatium platyphyllum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 238. 1900. Peucedanum latifolium Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 625. 1840, not DC. 1830. Peucedanum nuttallii S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 128, 1871, not Seseli nuttallii A. Gray. 1870. Type Locauity: “ Plains east of Wallawallah River, Oregon.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From northern Nevada to eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 475; Wenache, Piper, March 26, 1895; Whited 26, 1021, 1078; Ellensburg, Whited 656; Peshastin, Sandberg c& Leiberg, 487; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1285, ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 12. Lomatium utriculatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 215. 1900. Peucedanum utriculatum Nutt. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 628, 1840. Type Locauity: “ Rocky plains, particularly near the confluence of the Wahlamet and Oregon [Columbia] Rivers,’ Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From southern California to British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, O. Piper, April 17, 1898; Whidby Island, Gardner 136; Orcas Island and Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Fleit 28; Steilacoom Plains, Piper 635; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2769; Woodlawn, Henderson 395; Van- couver, Piper 4931. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Not known to.occur east of the Cascade Mountains. The Wilkes Expedition specimens (no, 359) undoubtedly belong to this species, but it is more than doubtful that they were collected at old Fort Walla Walla (Wallula). The specimens referred by Hooker,a to Peucadanum foeniculaceum Nutt. very probably belong to L. utriculatum. The Cooper specimens also referred to P. foeniculaceum © are P. utriculatum. 13. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. '7: 217. 1900. Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 627. 1840. Peucedanum macrocarpum eurycarpum A, Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 8: 385, 1872. a Fl, Bor, Am, 1: 268. 1834. b Pac. R. Rep. 127: 63. 1860. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 423 Peucedanum eurycarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 61. 1888. Type tocaurry: “Barren hills on the Oregon” (Columbia). Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From central California through eastern Oregon and Washington to British America, eastward to western Colorado and western Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1118, 1202, 1035; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1274; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sand- berg & Leiberg 61; Pullman, Elmer 96; Piper, June 24, 1894; Garrison, Piper 1563; Almota, Piper, April 7, 1894; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; North Palouse River, Vasey, May 6, 1902; Waitsburg, Horner 221. ZoNnaL pistripuTION: Arid Transition. 13a. Lomatium macrocarpum semivittatum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 224. 1902. Type Locauitry: “Hood River,’ Oregon. Collected by Henderson. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 279. This subspecies has been confused with L. bicolor (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, a species not known to occur in Washington. It has apparently been since redescribed as Lomatium flavum Suksdorf.< 14. Lomatium artemisiarum Piper. Lomatium macrocarpum artemisiarum Piper, Bull. Torr, Club 29: 223. 1902. Type LocaLiry: Pasco, Washington. Collected by Piper. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3884; Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 243; without locality, Vasey 308; North Yakima, Henderson 2509, 2511, 2574; Prosser, Hender- son 2510; Pasco, Piper 2976; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April 19, 1898; Coulee City, Piper 3884; Prosser, Cotton 588; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 564; Wallula, Cotton 1069. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 15. Lomatium ambiguum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 212. 1900. Eulophus ambiguus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 27. 1854. Peucedanum ambiqguum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840. Type Locauity: “Borders of Flat-Head River,’ Montana. Collected by Wyeth. Range: From eastern Oregon to British Columbia, and eastward to Montana and western Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited: Clealum, Whited 613; Mount Adams, [Zen- derson, August, 1892; Badger Mountains, Whifed 1222, Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 481: between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896, Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Piper 2299; Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 44, 22; Pullman, Piper 1562; Elmer 827; Blue Mountains, Piper 2387; Spokane County, Suksdorf 319; without locality, Vasey 298; near Colfax, Vasey, May 25, June 26, 1902; Mount Carlton, Hreager 1561. ZONAL DistrrBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 16. Lomatium martindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225. 1900. Peucedanum martindalei angustatum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 13: 143. 1588. Type Locauity: Rocky places ‘Cascade Mountains,” Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Mountains of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1325; Olympic Moun- tains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett; Mount Rainier, Piper 2008; Stampede Tunnel, Hender- son 2514: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893, 795; Goat Mountains, Allen 258; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suksdorf 383; Flett 1299; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2112; Olympic Mountains, Emer 2771; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. ‘a Allg. Bot. Zeitsch, 12:6. 1906. 4?4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 17. Lomatium hallii (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 224. 1900. Peucedanum hallii S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 141. 1876. Type Locauity: “ Northern Oregon.”’ Rance: Alpine in northern Oregon and Washington, Specimens collected on Mount St. Helens by Mrs. Briggs in 1885, have been somewhat doubtfully referred to this species. It is otherwise known only from the neighborhood of Mount Hood, Oregon. 18. Lomatium laevigatum (Nutt.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 225. 1900. Peucedanum laevigatum Nutt. in Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 627. 1840. Type Locauity: “Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Along the upper Columbia in Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Columbus, Suksdorf 863. 19. Lomatium triternatum (Pursh) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. '7: 227. 1900. Seseli triternatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 197. 1814. Peucedanum triternatum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 626. 1840. TYPE LocaLity: “On the waters of Columbia.”” The type was collected May 6, 1806, by Lewis, on which date the Lewis and Clark Expedition was on the Clearwater River, Idaho, near the mouth of Potlatch River. Rance; From northeastern California to British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yelm, Piper 568; Smith, July, 1890; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4056; Goat Mountains, Allen 257; Wenache, Whited 1021; Ellensburg, Whited 658; North Yakima, Henderson 2513; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 596; Fort Colville, Lyall; Spokane County, Suksdorf 318; Spangle, Piper, July 24, 1899; Pullman, Piper 1568; Elmer 846; Waitsburg, Horner 104; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey, June 6, 1902: Colville, Kreager 603. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. This species varies much in the form of the fruit and in the breadth of the wings. Wide- winged forms have been referred to L. platycarpum (Peucedanum simpler). If the latter be characterized by having the wings of the fruit broader than the body, our plants would all seem referable to triternatum. Wherever the line of division is drawn, the fact remains that a complete series of intergrades exists. 20. Lomatium robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 228. 1900. Peucedanum triternatum macrocarpum Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. ISS8, not Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt. 1840. : Peucedanum triternatum robustius Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895. Tyre Locauity: “ Low grounds, W. Klickitat County, Wash.’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Klickitat County, Svksdorf 131; Ellensburg, Piper 2742. 21. Lomatium grayi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 229. 1900. Peucedanum millefolium 8. Wats. in Bot. King Explor. 129. 1871, not Sonder, 1861-62, Peucedanum grayi Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18: 209. 1888. Type Locairy: “Antelope Island, (Great) Salt Lake,” Utah. Collected by Watson. Rance: From eastern Washington and Oregon to Wyoming and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1050; Ellensburg, Whited 657; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 280, 24; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 322; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 5; Ritz- ville, Sandberg & Leiberg 180; Pullman, Elmer 95; Wawawai, Piper 1767; Touchet River, Horner 609; Blue Mountains, Piper 2339; Dry Creek, Vasey, May 5, June 7, 1902; Cape Horn, Piper 5012. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 425 22. Lomatium brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 232. 1900. Peucedanum triternatum brevifolium Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 70. 1888. Type Locauity: “Klickitat County,’ Washington. Collected by Howell. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 639; Flett 1303; Klickitat County, Howell 1368; Pasco, Hindshaw 15. Lomatium pDaAsycarPuM (Torr. & Gr.) Coult. & Rose (Peucedanum dasycarpum Torr. & Gr.) is a Californian species reported from Washington on the basis of specimens col- lected in Klickitat County by Joseph Howell. The Howell specimens prove to be L. canbyi Coult. & Rose. LEPTOTAENIA. Foliage puberulent. Fruit sessile; flowers purple.........-.-.-.------------------- 1. L. dissecta. Fruit pedicelled; flowers yellow..........-.-.-.-.-----.------- 2. L. multifida. Foliage glabrous. Fruit 10 to 12 mm. broad... ..-. ~~~. 2-2-2 2-222 eee 3. L. purpurea, Fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad. Leaflets rigid; flowers purple..........-. 2222-22-22 2 4. L. watsoni. Leaflets not rigid; flowers vellow, long-pediceled ........... ! 5. L. salmoniflora. 1. Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 630. 1840. Ferula dissecta A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. Ferula dissoluta 5. Wats. in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 271. 1876. Type Locauitry: “Plains of the Oregon (Columbia) near the confluence of the Wahla- met.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: From northern California to Vancouver Island. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, Suksdorf; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 332; Clallam County, Elmer 2764; Wenache, Whited 1340 and 1058, 1207, April 9, 1900; Prper 2013; Ellensburg, Whited 320; Colville, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 6380. 1840. Ferula multifida A. Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. 7: 348. 1868. TypsE Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon [Columbia], east of Wallawallah, and in the Blue Mountains.”’ Collected by Nuttall. , Rance: From western Wyoming and Montana to New Mexico and west to Washington and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 54; Sprague, Hender- son, May, 1892; Sandberg & Leiberg 212; Pullman, Elmer 136; Steptoe, Vasey, May 15, 1901; Coulee City, Piper 3845; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 403; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 185. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Leptotaenia purpurea (S. Wats.) Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888. Ferula purpurea 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 453. 1886. Type Locauity: “On rocky hillsides near the lower Columbia River, in Klickitat County, Wash.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. RanGe: Klickitat County, Washington, and adjacent Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1879; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 98, 325, 26, 281. a Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 452. 1880. 426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Leptotaenia watsoni Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 52. 1888. Type Locauity: “In the Wenatchee region,’’ Chelan County, Washington. Collected by Brandegee and by Tweedy. RANGE: Cascade Mountains about Mount Stuart, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache region, Brandegee 801; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 808; Elmer 1171. 5. Leptotaenia salmoniflora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 201. 1900. Peucedanum salmoniflora Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 228. 1895. Type LocaLity: ‘On basaltic rocks, near upper ferry, Clearwater River, above Lewis- ton,”’ Nez Perces County, Idaho. Collected by Sandberg, MacDougal, & Heller. Rance: Bluffs of the Snake River, Washington, and of the Clearwater River, Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 2781; Wawawai, Piper 2782; Elmer 92. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CARUM. 1. Carum gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 344. 1867. Atenia gairdneri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 349. 1889-40. Edosmia gairdneri Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 612. 1840. Type LocaLity: Near San Francisco or Monterey, California. Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: From British Columbia to southern California, eastward to the Black Hills of South Dakota, and to Colorado and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 635; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull, August 1, 1892; Fort Colville, Lyall; Mason County, Piper 1051; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Pullman, Hull 537; Almota, Piper 1935; without locality, Vasey 307; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 414; Steptoe, Vasey, August 10, 1902; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Areager 575; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 661. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The roots of this plant have a sweet nutty flavor and were formerly much used for food by the Indians. Forms of this species from Washington have been mistaken for Carum kelloggii, Carum oreganum, and Eulophus bolanderi. CICUTA. WaTER HEMLOCK. Fruit oblong... .. -- ye ee ee ee ee eee ee eee eee. e.-.. 8. C. occidentalis. Fruit orbicular. Leaflets thickish, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, closely and sharply serrate or even cleft, strongly reticulate beneath... .......-.--- 1. C. douglasii. Leaflets thinner, linear-lanceolate, not so closely or sharply serrate, not strongly reticulate beneath. ........2--.---2--.----------- 2.C. vagans. 1. Cicuta douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 95. 1900. tSium ¢tdouglasti DC, Prod. 4: 125. 1830. Cicuta purpurata Greene, Pittonia, 2: 8. 1889. Type Locauity: “In America boreali occid.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: In marshes from Oregon to Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Straits of De Fuca, Scouler; Yakima County, Henderson, July, August, 1892; confluence of Columbia, Douglas; Clealum, Greene, August 14, 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Cicuta vagans Greene, Pittonia 2: 9. 1889. Type Locauity: In an estuary of Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho. Collected by Greene. Rance: In wet places and marshes, from northeastern California to Idaho, British Colum- bia, and Vancouver Island. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 427 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4069; Sumas, Henderson 373; Olympia, Hen- derson 373; Nisqually Valley, Allen 255; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, September, 1883; Kitsap County, Piper 640; Puyallup Reservation, Brodie, September, 1900; Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892; Samish Lake, Suksdorf 1192; Cottonwood Creek, Vasey, September 18, 1901; Waitsburg, Horner 620, 574; Clallam County, Elmer 2761. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The characters used to differentiate this from the preceding are admittedly not very satisfactory. Good series of specimens may Cemonstrate them to be illusive. 3. Cicuta occidentalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 7. 1889. ~ Type Locauiry: Trinidad, Colo., “near the New Mexican line.”’ Rance: In the Rocky Mountain region, from the Black Hills of South Dakota to Wash- ington, and southward through Colorado and northern Nevada to New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 3516; Pullman, Piper, August 28, 1897, 3512; Spokane, Kreager 555; Meyer’s Falls, Hreager 503. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The three foregoing species appear in Suksdorf’s list under the names C’. virosa L., C. maculata L., and C. californica A. Gray, for which they were formerly mistaken. ZIZIA. 1. Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch; DC. Prod. 4: 100. 1830. Smyrnium cordatum Walt. Fl. Car. 114. 1788. Thaspium trifoliatum apterum A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 156, 1856. Typr LocaLiry: None mentioned, but Carolina by implication. RaNnGE: From eastern Canada to North Carolina and Alabama and extending westward to Assiniboia, Alberta, Washington, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Crab Creek, Suksdorf 316; Wilbur, Henderson 2516; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 46; Pullman, Emer 890; Piper 1557; Lake & Hull 534. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. LEIBERGIA. 1. Leibergia orogenioides Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 575. pl. 27. 1896. Type Locauiry: “Santianne Creek bottoms, Coeur d’Alene Mountains, Idaho, altitude 950 meters.””? Collected by Leiberg. Rance: Wet ground, along streams, Idaho and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf (the distributed specimens cultivated at Bingen, no. 1211). ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. A related and undescribed species is represented by imperfect specimens collected by Suksdorf between Cottonwood and Cheney (no. 314, June 14, 1884). OENANTHE. 1. Oenanthe sarmentosa Presl.; DC. Prod. 4: 138. 1830. WaTER PARSLEY. Tyre Locatity: ‘“ Nootka Sound,’”’ Vancouver Island. Collected by Haenke. RanGE: From British Columbia to central California. SPECIMENS ,EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Montesano, //eller 3985; Seattle, Piper 632; Tacoma, Flett 147; Sumas, Lyall; Port Ludlow, Binns, July 25, 1890; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 35; Wind River, Flett 1300; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 57; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 1892; without locality, Vasey 303; Gray’s Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2762. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. OENANTHE CALIFORNICA S. Wats. has been reported from Washington and it is listed _ by Suksdorf, but it is quite certain that it does not occur so far north. 428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. LILAEOPSIS. 1. Lilaeopsis occidentalis Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 24: 48. 1897. Type Locaity: “Wet places on coast of Yaquina Bay, Oregon.”’ Collected by Hall. RanGE: Coast region from Oregon to British Columbia and southern Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2759; Smith 642; Whidby Island, Gardner 129; Lake Washington, Suksdorf 972; Oyhut, Lamb 1272; Fidalgo City, Flett 2113; Clallam County, Elmer 2767; Shoalwater Bay, Henderson. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species was formerly considered the same as the Atlantic coast plant ZL. lineata (Michx.) Greene (Cranézia lineata Nutt.). BERULA. 1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 115. 1893. Sium erectum Huds. FI. Angl. 103. 1762. Sium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1672. 1763. Berula angustifolia Mert. & Koch in Réhling, Deutsch]. Fl. ed. 3. 2: 433. 1826. Type LocaLiry: Not given, but presumably England. Rance: In swamps and streams, Ontario to Texas, westward to British Columbia and California, and extending into Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, lett 221, September, 1896; Wilbur, //enderson; Spokane, Piper 2850; Elmer, September, 1897; Valley, Beattie d& Chapman 2168. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. LIGUSTICUM. Stems naked, the leaves mostly basal; flowers purplish................ 4. L. purpurenm Stems leafy; flowers white. Fruit merely ribbed, not winged............--------------.+---- 1. L. apisfolium. Fruit winged. Inflorescence glabrous; leaflets confluent....-.....--..-2..--- 2. L. canbyt. Inflorescence puberulent; leaflets distinct.......-.-....-.----- 3. L, leiberqi. 1. Ligusticum apiifolium (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 347. 1868. Cynapium apiifolium Nutt.; Torr. Gr. Fl. 1: 641. 1840. Type Loca.ity: ‘Plains of Oregon, near the confluence of the Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: Oregon and Washington west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3973; Chehalis County, Lamb 1756; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Columbia River, Nuttall; Cape Horn, Piper 4914 ZONAL DIstRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Ligusticum canbyi Coult. & Rose, Rev. N. A. Umb. 86. 1888. Type Loca.iry: “Low grounds near head waters of Jocko River, Montana.’’ Collected by Canby. Rance: In the mountains of northwestern Montana, northern Idaho, eastern Wash- ington, and adjacent British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892. 3. Ligusticum leibergi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 134. 1900. Type Loca.ity: “Traille River Basin, Kootenai County, Idaho.” Collected by Leiberg. Rance: Idaho and eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2427; Horner 308; Latah Creek, Suksdorf 1199. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 429 LicusTicuM TENUIFOLIUM S. Wats. was included in Suksdorf’s list on the basis of the Suksdorf specimen above cited. 4. Ligusticum purpureum Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 137. 1900. Type LocaLity: “Goat Mountains, Washington.” Collected by Allen. Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2009, August, 1895; Allen 259; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 706; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 581. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. Related to the above species, but apparently distinct, are the following specimens: Mount Rainier, Piper 629; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 731; Whited 1464; Wenache Moun- tains, Cotton 1685; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 288. Better material is needed to clear up the matter. Licusticum scoraicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 250. 1753. Type locality, “Ad litora Maris in Anglia, Suecia.’’ Range, salt marshes along the east coast from Labrador (and up the St. Lawrence) to Connecticut; along the entire Alaskan coast; also coasts of northern Asia and Europe. “Mouth of the Columbia,” according to Hooker, basing on Douglas.a “‘ Not rare along. coast at Shoalwater Bay,” according to A. Gray, basing on Cooper.? The species is common on the Alaskan coast, but there are no specimens preserved in American herbaria to show that it occurs on the Washington coast. GLEHNIA. 1. Glehnia littoralis (A. Gray) Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VII. 12?: 1388. 1868, as syn.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 165, 1900. Cymopterus littoralis A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12°: 62. 1860. Phellopterus littoralis Schmidt, Mem. Acad. Petrop. VIT. 12° : 138. 1868. Type Locauity: “On the sands of the seashore at Shoalwater Bay,’’ Washington. Col- lected by Cooper. RANGE: Sandy seashores from Oregon to Alaska; also in Korea and Japan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Oyhut, Lamb 1249; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Whidby Island, Gardner 138; Clallam County, Elmer 2768; Iwaco, Piper 5002. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PTERYXIA. Leaves with pale rigid segments........-.-..---------------------- 1. P. terebinthina. Leaves greener with segments not rigid. .......------------------- .. 2. P. foeniculacea. 1. Pteryxia terebinthina (Hook.) Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900. Selinum terebinthinum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 266. pl, 95. 1834. Cymopterus terebinthinus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624, 1840. Pteryxia terebinthacea Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 1: 624. 1840, as synonym. Type LocaLity: “Sandy grounds of the Wallawallah River, North-West coast of America.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Dry ground, eastern Oregon and eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley. Suksdorf 129; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 317; Atanum River, Flett 1295; Pasco, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Piper 2980; Henderson, May, 1892; Hunts Junction, Leckenby, April, 1898; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 803; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 230; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 39; Prosser, Cotton 1080; Rock Creek, Cotton 957. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. aFl. Bor. Am. 1: 265. 1834. b Pac. R. R. Rep. 12*: 62. 1860. 430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Pteryxia foeniculacea (Torr. & Gr.) Nutt.; Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 171. 1900. Cymopterus foeniculaceus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 624. 1840. Type Locatity: “On rocks, Blue Mountains of Oregon.”” Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: Eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 305; Piper 2340; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 535; Almota, Piper 2795; Wawawai, Elmer 770; without locality, Vasey 309%; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Areager 119. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. HESPEROGENIA. 1. Hesperogenia stricklandi Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 203. 1899. Tyre Locatity: “Mount Rainier, Washington.’’ Collected by Allen. RanGE: Mount Rainier, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 278; Flett, August, 1897; Strickland in 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. OROGENIA. 1. Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 120. pl. 14. figs. 1 to 3. 1871. Type Locauity: “Damp shaded ridge of the Wahsatch, north of Parley’s Park, 7,500 feet altitude,’ Utah. Collected by Watson. Rance: From Washington and Idaho to Oregon, Utah, and southwestern Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1882; east of the Cascade Mountains, Wilkes Expedition. SIUM. 1. Sium cicutaefolium Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 558. 1798. Stum lineare Michx. Fl. 1: 167. 1803. Sium pusillum Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 611. 1840. Type LocaLity: Not determined. Rance: In swamps from Newfoundland to Virginia, west to British Columbia and northern California, Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper, September, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 144, 220; Lindsley’s ranch, Clarke County, Henderson 375, Trout Lake, Suksdorf 185; Spokane County, Suksdorf 922; North Palouse River, Vasey, July 17, 1901; Pullman, Piper; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 536; Toppenish, Cotton 768. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. COELOPLEURUM. Leaflets obtuse, very thick... .2222.2000000000000002022-0----..- 1. C. maritimum. Leaflets acute or acuminate, thinner..........2.........-.......-.. 2. €. longipes. 1. Coelopleurum maritimum Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 18: 145. 1888. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘‘ Wet ocean bluffs, Long Beach, Ilwaco (Pacific County), Wash.”’ Col- lected by Henderson. Rance: Ocean bluffs near the mouth of the Columbia River. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September, 1892; Piper 4995. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Coelopleurum longipes Coult. & Rose, Contr. Nat. Herb. 7: 142. 1900. Type Locatiry: “Tide marshes near Astoria, Oregon.’ Collected by Howell. RANGE: Seacoast swamps, from the Columbia River to southern Alaska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 567; Tacoma, Piper; Union City, Piper in 1890; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 1200; Hoodsport, Henderson, August 15, 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Formerly confused with the more northern, larger-fruited @. gmelini (DC.) Ledeb. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 43 HYDROCOTYLE. 1. Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f. Suppl. 177. 1781. Type Loca.ity: ‘ Mexico.’’ Rance: Eastern Pennsylvania to Florida, thence westward to Texas, California, and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 639; Tacoma, Flett 225; O’Briens, King County, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. CORNACEAE. Dogwoopv FamiIty. Flowers perfect in cymes, either loose or head-like .-.....-...-.-------------- Cornus. Flowers dioecious, in spikes .......-.-.---------- 2-2-2 22-2 eee eee ee eee GARRYA. CORNUS. Flowers in loose cymes, not involucrate; fruit white or blue. Cyme branches hairy; leaves loosely pubescent beneath. ......-.- 1. @. occidentalis. Cyme branches glabrous; leaves appressed-pubescent beneath... . . 2. C. stolonifera. Flowers in head-like cymes, surrounded by a conspicuous involucre; fruit red. Tree, 10 to 20 m. high; bracts 4 to 8 em. long......-.-.--------- 3. C. nuttallir. Herbaceous, 8 to 20 em. high; bracts 1 to 2 em. long... 2.2.2... -- 4. C. canadensis. 1. Cornus occidentalis (Torr. & Gr.) Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 117. 1893. Cornus pubescens Nutt. Sylva. 3: 54. 1849. Cornus sericea ? occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 652. 1840. Tyre Locauity: “N. W. coast, Douglas, Mr. Tolmie! Dr. Scouler!”’ Rance: British Columbia to north California, east to Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3857; Whidby Island, Gardner 139; Seattle, Piper 262, July 10, 1895, July 4, 1897; Silverton, Bouck 91; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Spokane, Piper 2692; Clarks Springs, A’reager 50, 571; Clallam County, Elmer 2699; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2156. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. Cornus pruMMoNDI! Meyer, as recorded in Cooper’s Report,is doubtless the above species. 2. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. 1: 92. 1803. RED OSIER. Type vocauity: “Hab. ad ripas amniumque rivorumque Canadae et Novae Angliae.” Rance: New Brunswick to Alaska, south to Virginia, and in the mountains to Califor- nia and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 205, 1135; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Mabton, Cotton 368; west Klickitat County, Suks- dorf; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 8, 1892; New London, Lamb 1169; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 151; Spokane, Henderson, June 12, 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 25, 1892; Walla Walla, Mrs. L. P. Anderson; Pullman, Elmer 840; Piper 2648; Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake & Hull 440; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. Cornus BAILEYI Coult. & Evans has twice been reported from Washington. In each case the specimens are, in our opinion, really C. stolonifera. 8. Cornus nuttallii Audubon; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 652. 1840. DoGwoop. TyPE LocaLitry: Oregon. Rance: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascade Mountains, and in north Idaho. 432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-59; Seattle, Piper 113; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 208; Railroad Creek, Elmer in 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, //mer 2698; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 225. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species very commonly blossoms a second time in the fall, when the fruit from the spring flowers is ripe. These fall flowers are often pink-tinged. 4. Cornus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 118. 1753. Tyre Locauiry: “In Canada.” Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, southward to California, Colorado, Minnesota, and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; Silverton, Bouck 89; Mount Rainier, /lett 293; Piper; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 776; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; “Columbia River, frequent,’ Douglas; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Big Meadows, Kreager 423; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, July 3, 1902; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Ilwaco, Piper 4950. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. Cornus surcica var. f# Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 277. “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia. Dr. Scouler.”” The above reference is all the evidence we have of the occurrence of this species in Washington. It is probable that the specimen is merely a form of C’. canadensis L, GARRYA. 1. Garrya fremontii Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 4: 136. 1857. TyPE Locauity: “On the Upper Sacramento, above the Great Canon.’ Collected by Fremont. Rance: Middle California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wind River, Fleft 1211. GarRyA ELLIPTICA Douglas is included by Suksdorf in his list, but there are no speci- mens to substantiate its occurrence in Washington. PYROLACEAE. Pyrota Faminy. Flowers solitary; style long......22 20-0200. .2 222 MONESEs. Flowers not solitary. Inflorescence a corymb; style short... ..............-.....--2---.-.. CHIMAPHILA, Inflorescence a raceme; styles mostly long... ...............-.-..-- PYROLA. MONESES. 1. Moneses uniflora (Iu.) A. Gray, Man. ed. 1: 273. 1848. Pyrola uniflora Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753. Moneses grandiflora S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. P]. 2: 403. 1821. Moneses reticulata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 271. 1843. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1084a; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 67; Silverton, Bouck 127; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 949; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2243; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1888; Big Meadows, Kreager 413; Ilwaco, Piper 5023. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. CHIMAPHILA. Flowers many; leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, numerous. .............-.- 1. C. umbellata. Flowers few; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, few. ._.....-. wees ee eee 2. C. menziesii. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 433 1. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. Gen. 1: 274. 1818. Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753. Chimaphila corymbosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 300. 1814. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europae, Asiae and Americae septentrionalis sylvis.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to Mexico and Georgia. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 564; Fort Vancouver; Wenache Valley, Sandberg & Leiberg 565; head of Twisp River, Whited 189; without locality, Vasey 372; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2471; Davis ranch, Kreager 179. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 2. Chimaphila menziesii (R. Br.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 317. 1825. Pyrola menziesii R. Br.; D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 5: 245. 1824. Type Locaity: ‘Habitat in Americae ora boreali-occidentali.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 103; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Adams, Flett 1215; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 569; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 39; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, Octo- ber 5, 1892; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; Mount Carlton, Kreager 284. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PYROLA. Style straight. Leaves orbicular; style very short ..............-.-------.--- 1. P. minor. Leaves ovate; style long -.--- 22-2200 00 2. P. secunda. Style curved downward. Green leaves none, or*very rudimentary. Flowers red... 2.2.2.2 22-2222. eee eee ee - 3. P. aphylla. Flowers white --. 2222-22-20 2 eee 5a. P. pieta integra. Green leaves present. Calyx lobes obtuse, very short; flowers greenish .. 2.2.2... 4, P. chlorantha. Calyx lobes acute. Flowers white or whitish. Veins of leaves white-bordered ._.......2..22.-.. 5. P. picta. Veins of leaves not white-bordered. Leaves spatulate-oblong, not glaucous... ... .. - 5a. P. picta dentata. Leaves ovate, glaucous... 22222222 ob. P. pieta integra. Flowers red or pink. Leaves coriaceous, shiny, acute... .- 2.222222... 6. P. bracteata. Leaves thin, dull, obtuse... 222222222 7. P. incarnata. 1. Pyrola minor L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europa frigidiore.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Oregon, New Mexico, and New England. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS BXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Wenache Region, Brandegee 9483; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Letberg 715; Klickitat County, Suksdorf, July, 1886; Fort Vancouver, Garry; Davis ranch, Kreager 208. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 2. Pyrola secunda L. Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘Habitat in Europae borealis sylvis.” RanGe: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Virginia, Michigan, New Mexico, and Cali- fornia. Europe. Asia. 29418—06 m——28 434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Rainier, Piper 2046; Lake Wenache, Sandberg &: Leiberg 637; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Vancouver, May, 1826; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 727; Cascade Mountains to Col- ville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey 369; Clallam County, Elmer 2468; Davis ranch, Kreager 180; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Kalispel Valley, Areager in 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Pyrola aphylla Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 29: n. 7. 1814. Pyrola aphylla paucifolia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 425. 1901. Type Locauity: ‘Gathered on the west coast of North America.”” Collected by Menzies, at Nootka Sound according to Don. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 190; Seattle, Piper 142; Tacoma, F'lett 115; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1886; Nason Creek, Sandberg d: Leiberg 622; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1892; without locality, Vasey 371; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 341. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 4. Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Vet. Acad. Hand]. Stockh, 1810: 190. pl. 5. 1810. Type Loca.ity: Carlsberg, near Stockholm, Sweden. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador, southward to Oregon, Colorado, Nebraska, and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Island County, Henderson 2416; Whidby Island, Gardner 191; Nisqually Valley, Allen, July 21, 1894; Wenache Region, Brandegee 948; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 158; Mount Adams, F'lett 1212; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 542; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 769; without locality, Vasey 367; Davis ranch, Spokane County, Areager 207. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Transition, 5. Pyrola picta Smith, Rees’ Cyel 29: n. 8. 1814. Tyre Locairy. “Found on the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies, whose specimens, Hooker states, are from Nootka Sound. Rance: Vancouver Island to California, Wyoming, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 2036; Mount Adams, Flett 1216; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1293; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 620; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; without locality, Vesey 370; Seattle, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5a. Pyrola picta dentata (Smith). Pyrola dentata Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 29: n. 6. 1814. Type Locauitry: “Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America,” at Nootka, according to Don. RANGE: SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Union City, Piper 935; Mount Elinor, Mason County, Jennie V. Getty in 1902; Clallam County, Elmer; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 336. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5b. Pyrola picta integra (A. Gray). : Pyrola dentata integra A. Gray; Cooper, Pac. R. Rep, 12*: 54. 1860. Pyrola pallida Greene, Pittonia 4: 39. 1899. Pyrola sparsifolia Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschs. 12: 26. 1906. Type Locauity: “On high wooded hills, east of Mount Adams.” Rance: Washington to southern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 332; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 440; Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; Valley, Beattie & Chapman 2277. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 435 6. Pyrola bracteata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 47. 1834. Pyrola rotundifolia bracteata A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1: 460. 1876. Type Loca.ity: ““N. W. Coast.” Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Skokomish River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Nisqually Valley, Allen 68; Mount Rainier, Piper 2048; Mount Adams, Flett 1213; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’ 1546 in part; Fish Lake, Chelan County, A. D. Dunn, August 8, 1900; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Big Meadows, Stevens County, Kreager, August 5, 1902; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Clallam County, Elmer 2465. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Pyrola incarnata (DC.) Fisch.; DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839, as synonym. Pyrola rotundifolia incarnata DC. Prod. 7: 773. 1839. Pyrola elata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843. Type Locauity: “In Dahuria.”’ Rance: Alaska to New England and Oregon. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 2760; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 614; Railroad Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Twisp River, Whited 219; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 25, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1546 in part; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hult 565; Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Big Meadow, Stevens County, Kreager, August 6, 1902; Davis ranch, Kreager 182. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. One of Lyall’s specimens, which has been considered to be P. elliptica Nutt., is probably a form of P. incarnata. We have seen no satisfactory evidence that P. elliptica occurs west of the Rocky Mountains. MONOTROPACEAE. INpIAN Piree FamIty. Ovary 4 or 5-celled. Corolla wanting; flowers spicate............-.-.-.-.-.-------.- ALLOTROPA. Corolla present; flowers solitary or racemose. Flowers solitary... 2.2 ....2..2.2.-2--------------------- MonorRoPA. Flowers racemose. Corolla polypetalous, deciduous... .........2-.--------- Ilyporirys. Corolla gamopetalous, persistent... ............--------- PTEROSPORA. Ovary 1-celled. Calyx of 4 or 5 lacerate sepals; petals similar. .....2.222.2222-2-.- PLEURICOSPORA. Calyx of 2 entire sepals; corolla tubular... ..- Seer ee eens weeeee HEMITOMEs. ALLOTROPA. 1. Allotropa virgata Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 6°: 80, 81. 1857. Type Locauity: ‘Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon.” Collected by Pickering. Rance: Washington to California from the Cascades and Sierras to the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 478; Lake Keechelus, Henderson, July 27, 1892; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 631; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2470. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. PTEROSPORA. 1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. 1: 269. 1818. Type LocaLity: “In Upper Canada near the Falls of Niagara.’’ Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1859; Loon Lake, Winston; Lake Wenache, 436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sandberg & Leiberg 632; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey 375; Clallam County, Elmer 2462; Clarks Springs, Kreager 125. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. MONOTROPA. 1. Monotropa uniflora L. Sp. Pl. 1: 387. 1753. INDIAN PIPE. Type vocauity: ‘Habitat in Marilandia, Virginia, Canada.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California and Florida. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie, Parker, July 25, 1892; upper Nisqually River, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 78; without locality, Vasey 376; Clallam County, Emer 2436; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 348. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. HYPOPITYS. 1. Hypopitys hypopitys (L.) Small, Mem. Torr. Club, 4: 137. 1894. Monotropa hypopitys L. Sp. Pl. 1: 387. 1753. Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae, Angliac, Canadae sylvis. Parasitica radicum.” Ranae: British Columbia to New Brunswick, southward to Arizona and Florida. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, lett 238; Piper 2045; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1297; Wilkeson, Flett 32; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 199; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, October 5,11892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Yakima Pass, Watson 261a; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 623; Clallam County, Elmer 2464. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, Canadian. PLEURICOSPORA. 1. Pleuricospora fimbriolata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 369. 1868. Type Locatity: “In or near the Mariposa Sequoia gigantea Grove,”’ California. Rance: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green River Hot Springs, Piper, July, 1888; Skamania County, Suksdorf, July 25, 1886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. HEMITOMES. 1. Hemitomes congestum A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6°: 80. 18565. Newberrya Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 8: 55, 1867. Type LocaLity: “Upper Des Chutes Valley,’’ Oregon. Collected by Newberry. Rance: Western Washington, western Oregon, and northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Tacoma, Flett, October 2, 1897; Snoqualmie, Miss Parker, August 1, 1892; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 987; Seattle, Tarleton in 1894; Mount Elinor, Jennie V.Getty, August, 1902; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 19, 1892 and 2168; with- out locality, Geo. Gibbs; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 339. Doctor Gray referred the Gibbs specimen to Newberrya spicata A. Gray in the original description, but the specimen seems to us to be V. congesta. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ERICACEAE. Hearuer Faminy. Fruit a berry or drupe. Calyx becoming large and fleshy; bark not red...-.-.------ GAULTHERIA (p. 441). Calyx small; bark red. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 437 Tree; berry many-seeded...........-...-.-.------ Arsutus (p. 437). Shrub; drupe 5 to 10-seeded..... 22-22. ..-.-.----- ARCTOSTAPHYLOs (p. 487). Fruit a dry capsule. ‘ Anther cells each tipped with a recurved awn. Leaves opposite; style long, slender..........--.--. CasstorE (p. 438). Leaves alternate; style short, stout... .--.2..2....- HARRIMANELLA (p. 439). Anther cells not appendaged. Corolla gamopetalous. Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly leaf-buds. Leaves heath-like; corolla without pouches. PuyLLopoce (p.439). Leaves lanceolate; corolla with 10 pouches, which hold the anthers. ...--.-.-------- Kawia (p. 439). Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly. Corolla funnel form, 5-lobed... 2.2.2.2... - RHODODENDRON (p. 440). Corolla globose, 4-toothed _...-....-.---.- MEnzIEsIA (p. 440). Corolla choripetalous; bracts deciduous. Flowers white, umbelled; leaves evergreen... -- . Lepcm (p. 440). Flowers coppery, solitary; leaves deciduous. . . - CLADOTHAMNUS (p. 442). ARBUTUS. 1. Arbutus menziesii Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814 MADRONA. Type Locauiry: “On the northwest coast ef America.’”’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to California along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mat Mats Bay, Binns; Seattle, Piper in 1888. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Not uncommon, especially on the bluffs along Puget Sound, and in similar situations where the trees receive abundant light. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Erect shrubs 1 to 2 meters high .-......22222..-..-.-.--------------- 1. A. tomentosa. Prostrate creeping shrubs. Leaves retuse at apex.......-....22-2-.-.--------------------- 2. A. wea-urst. Leaves cuspidate at apex........2200..00-2.-0-2---2------------- 3. A. nevadens's. 1. Arctostaphylos tomentosa (Pursh) Dougl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1797. 1836. MANZANITA. Arbutus tomentosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 282. 1814. Type Locauiry: “On the North-west Coast of America.’’ Collected by Menzies. Ranae: Western Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, //eff, April 20, 1896; MeNeils Island, Flett, June, 1895; Mason County, Piper 898; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 985, 660; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2473; Vancouver, Piper, Septem- ber, 1902; Vancouver, Piper 4936. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid transition. Hooker @ recognizes two forms of this species A. tomentosa hisjida and A. tomentosa nuda, the former with hispid, the latter with smooth branchlets. The first form is appar- ently typical A. tomentosa. 2. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Syst. 2: 287. 1825. KINNIKINNICK. Arbutus ura-ursi L. Sp. Pl. 1: 395. 1753. Type Locauiry: “Habitat in Europa frigida, Canada.” Rance: Arctic regions, southward to Pennsylvania, New Mexico, and California. Europe. Asia. a Fl. Bor. Am. 2:37. 1884. 438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 65; Mount Rainier, Piper 2058; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Loomis, Elmer 585; Conconully, Whited 1324; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896, May 8, 1898; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 69; without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2474; Spokane, Kreager 170; near Delight, Cotton 998. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. 3. Arctostaphylos nevadensis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 27, 1878. TYPE LocaLiry: “Sierra Nevada, California, common at 8—10000 feet.”’ Rance: Washington to California in the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June 20, 1892; near Longmire Springs, Piper 2047; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 110; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 12, 1886; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 548; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 7, 1886; Roslyn, Whited 357; without locality, Vasey 379. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: -Hudsonian. : ARCTOSTAPHYLOS MEDIA Greene, Pittonia 2: 171. 1891 Type locality: “On dry gravelly ground in Mason County,” Washington. Collected by Piper. Range: Western Washing- ton. Specimens examined: Port Orchard, Patterson; near Union City, Piper 899 (type). This plant is unquestionably a hybrid between A. wea-ursi and A. tomentosa. It occurs sparingly and only where both of the parents are abundant. CASSIOPE. Leaves with a deep dorsal furrow.........-.....-2.--.--------------- 1. C. tetragona. Leaves not dorsally furrowed........-,..-.....-.-.-.--2--2--------- 2. C. mertensiana. 1. Cassiope tetragona (L.) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 158. 1834. Andromeda tetragona Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 398. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Alpibus Lapponicis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to Washington [Oregon?] and Hudson Bay. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer, August, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Cassiope mertensiana (Bong.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 829. 1834. Andromeda mertensiana Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 152. 1832. Andromeda cupressina Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 30. 1888 Type Locatiry: Sitka, Alaska. Rance: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2184; J. M. Grant; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Silverton, Bouck 124; Mount Rainier, Flett 302; Allen 202; Piper 2053; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1109; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 714; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 563. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. CAssIOPE LycopopiloIDES D. Don is included in Suksdorf’s list, but the species is not known south of Alas«a. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 439 HARRIMANELLA. ALASKA HEATHER. 1. Harrimanella stelleriana (Pall.) Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 3: 574. 1901. Andrumeda stelleriana Pall. Fl. Ross. 17: 58. 1788. Cassiope stelleriana DC. Prod. 7?: 611. 1839. Type Locality: Kamtschatka. Rance: Alaska to Mount Rainier. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 203; Flett 233; Piper 2050, August, 1895; Bridge Creek, Elmer 686. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. PHYLLODOCE. Corolla ovoid, yellowish. ......-.---------------+---------0 ere 1. P. glanduliflora. Corolla campanulate, red... ...------------ +--+ ++ ++ 22220522 ee0> 2. P. empetriformis. 1. Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Coville, Mazama 1: 196. 1897. Menziesia glanduliflora Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 40, 1834. Bryanthus glanduliflorus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 368. 1865. Type LocaLity: “Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°.”” Collected by Druin- mond. XANGE: Sitka to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Rainier, lett 299; Piper 2052; Allen, July 20, 1892; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 945; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 434; Parry & Suksdorf, September 8, 1880; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 870. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2. Phyllodoce empétriformis (Smith) D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 160. 1884. Menziesia empetriformis Smith, Linn. Trans. 10: 380. 1811. Bryanthus empetriformis A. Gray, Proc, Am, Acad. 7: 367. 1868. Type Locauity: “On the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Grant 22; Silverton, Bouck 123; Mount Rainier, Piper 2043; Paradise Valley, Fett 298; Goat Mountains, Allen 104; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1354; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Fish Lake, Dunn; Loomis, Elmer 573: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 562; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 668; Entiat River, Mrs. Howe; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2478. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic and Hudsonian. KALMIA. 1. Kalmia glauca Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 64. 1789. Kalmia glauca rosmarinifolia Pursh, Fl. 1: 296. 1814. Tyre Ltocauiry: Newfoundland. Rance: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to California, the Great Lakes, and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Smith 135; Piper in 1885; Tacoma, Flett 27; Nisqually Valley, Allen 4; Ilwaco, Piper 4949. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. la. Kalmia glauca microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 41. 1834, Kalmia microphylla Heller, Bull, Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898. Tyrr Locauity: “Swamps in the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Drummond. Ranae: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2090; Allen 96; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 718; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1103; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 771. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RHODODENDRON. Leaves evergreen; inflorescence terminal; flowers pink.............. 1. R. californicum., Leaves deciduous; inflorescence lateral; flowers white ...2..220222.. 2. R. albiflorum. 1. Rhododendron californicum Hook. Bot. Mag. 11: pl. 4863. 1855. Rhododendron macrophyllum G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 3: 843. 1834. Type Locatitry: “From the mountains of California.’ Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 193; Mat Mats Bay, Binns, June 2, 1890; Goat Mountains, Allen, June, 1893; Seattle, Piper: near Union City, Piper; Clal- lam County, Flmer 2475. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species is closely related to the eastern R. marimum J.., to which Hooker once referred our plant. 2. Rhododendron albiflorum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 43. 1834. Cladothamnus campanulatus Greene, Erythea 3: 65. 1895. Type Locatity: “Alpine woods of the Rocky Mts.” Collected by Drummond. Rance; British Columbia to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 387; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859-60; Mount Rainier, Piper 2049; Allen 216, 3092: Mount Adams, Sufrs- dorf 435; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Lei- berg, August, 1893; head of Twisp River, Whited 209; Bridge Creek, Elmer 712: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 663; without loe ality, Vasey 365; Clallam County, Elmer 2461. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. MENZIESIA. 1. Menziesia ferruginea Smith, Ic. Pl. 3: pl. 56. 1791. Menziesia urceolaris Salisb. Par. Lond. pl. 44. 1806. Menziesia glabella A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: 39. 1878. Tyre Locauity: “In Americae borealis tractu occidentali copiosissime crescit.’ Col- lected by Menzies. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2186, 2185; J. M. Grant in 1889: Mason County, Piper 1079; Montesano, Heller 3868; Hoquiam, Lamb 1015; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck 121; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Nis- qually Valley, Allen 3; Mount Adams, Flett 1214; Suksdorf 587: Skamania County, Suks- dorf, August 10, 1889; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 727: Stampede Tunnel, Hender- son 2418; Watson 254; Markham, Lamb 1115; without locality, Cooper; Mount Carlton, Kreager 272; Ilwaco, Piper 4991. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian to Hudsonian. The characters relied upon by Doctor Gray to distinguish M. glabella break down completely. LEDUM. Leaves oval or oblong, not revolute-margined....................- 1. L. glandulosum. Leaves lanceolate, the margins revolute. Rusty-tomentose beneath........-. 2. .20..0222.-2........... 2. 2. L. groenlandicum Glaucous beneath............22..2200.-2222.-.-.-..--.-....3 3. L. columbianum. 1. Ledum glandulosum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 270. 1843. Type Locaity: “In the central chain of the Rocky Mountains on the sides of mountains which close up Thornburg’s ravine.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 574; near Lake Chelan, Gorman 583, 768. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 44] 2, Ledum groenlandicum Oeder, Fl. Dan. 4: pl. 567. 1770. LABRADOR TEA. Ledum latifolium Jacq. Coll. 2: 308. 1788. Tyre Locauity: “In Groenlandia.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, southward to New Jersey, Wisconsin, .and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 986; Admi- ralty Head, O. Piper, May, 1898; Whidby Island, Gardner 194; Seattle, Piper 137; Tacoma, Flett 219. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Ledum columbianum sp. nov. Erect with erect branches, 60 to 90cm. high; bark becoming smooth and brown; leaves oblong, reticulate, 4 to 6 em. long, rather obtuse but apiculate, strongly revolute, dark green and glabrous above, whitish and resinous-dotted beneath, the midrib and short petiole minutely puberulent as well; corymbs terminal, convex, 3 to 5 em. broad; pedicels slender, puberulent and resinous-dotted, recurved in fruit, 1.5 to 3.em. long; lobes of the calyx very small, broadly rounded; petals white, oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; stamens 5 to 7, the filaments sparsely hirsute at base; ovary minutely canescent and resinous-dotted; capsules oblong, acutish. Collected by the writer in a sphagnum bog at Ilwaco, Pacific County, June 22, 1904 (no. 6451). The type is deposited in the U.S. National Herbarium. Also collected at Clatsop, Oreg., by Coville, September, 1, 1898 (no. 869). This species is nearest related to L. groenlandicum, from which it‘may at once be distin- guished by the absence of the tomentose pubescence. In this respect it resembles L. glan- dulosum alone, but the capsule characters are those of the former species. Its zonal position is apparently Humid Transition. GAULTHERIA. Corolla urceolate, filaments hairy; shrub | to 2 meters high... .......-. 1. G. shallon. Corolla campanulate ; filaments glabrous; shrubs 5 to 20 em. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, 2 to 4 em. long. _...-.......-----.--- 2. G. ovatifolia. Leaves oval, about 1 em. long............-.-...-.--------------- 3. G. humifusa. 1. Gaultheria shallon Pursh, Fl. 1: 283, 1814. SALAL. TypPE Locauiry: “On the falls of the Columbia [i.e. Celilo] and near the Western Ocean”’ [mouth of Columbia]. Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to Central California west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, [eller 3870; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 102; Yakima Pass, Watson 251; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1540; without locality, Vasey 381; without locality, Cooper; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2477; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Gaultheria ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 85. 1883. Type Locauity: ‘Wooded banks of streams and cafions of the Cascade Mountains, borders of British Columbia, Washington Territory, and N. Oregon.’’ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and North Idaho, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2187; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 101la; Mount Rainier, Piper 2055; Fett 250; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 154; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June 25, October 4, 1892: Yakima Pass, Watson 252: Goose Lake, Flett 1218; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1860: without locality, Vasey 380; Box Canyon, Pend Oreille River, Kreager 398. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 3. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 300. 1900. Vaccinium humifusum Graham, Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1881 (Apr.-Oct.): 193. 1831. Gaultheria myrsinites Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 2: 35. t. 129, 1834. 442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Loca.ity: Type raised from seed collected by Drummond in the Rocky Mountains of British America. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2044; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 153; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 706. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. CLADOTHAMNUS. 1. Cladothamnus pyrolaeflorus Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 155. t. 1. 18382. Tolmiea occidentalis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 45. 1834. Type Locauitry: Sitka, Alaska. Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1368. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. VACCINIACEAE. Briuesperry Famiry. Erect shrubs; corolla cylindric or urceolate...........22..2.2...2-2--- VACCINIUM. Trailing vines; corolla deeply 4-cleft, the lobes spreading ............- - Oxycoccus. VACCINIUM. BLuEBERRY. Leaves evergreen; filaments hairy..................2..-2...----- 1. V. ovatum. Leaves deciduous; filaments glabrous. Flowers in clusters of 2to4; corolla mostly 4-lobed; calyx deeply 4 or 5-parted. Leaves thick, prominently veiny, obtuse or retuse........ - 2. V. uliginosum. Leaves thinner, obscurely veiny, obtuse or acute _......... 3. V. occidentale. Flowers solitary; corollas mostly 5-lobed; calyx obscurely lobed. Low shrubs, less than one-half meter high. Branches sharply angled; berries red or wine-color .... 4. V. scoparium. Branches terete; berries blue with a bloom. Leaves rather thin, bright green on both sides; 1 corolla ovate or oblong............ 2.22.22. --- 5. V. caespitosum. Leaves thicker, pale and glaucescent: corolla y globose ....... . Lote ee ee ee ee eee ----. 6. V. deliciosum. Taller shrubs 1 to 3 meters high. Leaves serrate; berries blackish without bloom ....... 7. V.. macrophyllum. Leaves entire. Berries blue with a bloom ._.....-. 2... ...02..-. 8. V. ovalifolium. Berries red ......-.. 2-2-2. 2-2-2222 222 ee eee 9. V. parvifolium. 1. Vaccinium ovatum Pursh, Fl. 1: 290, 1814. Type Locatity: “On the Columbia River.” Colleeted by Lewis, the exact spot Fort Clatsop near Astoria, Oregon. RanGeE: British Columbia to California, west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3942; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1037; Olym- pia, Henderson, May, August, 1892; Admiralty Head, O. Piper, April 24, 1898; near Lake Washington, Suksdorf 984; Seattle, Suksdorf 984; Port Ludlow, Binns; Tacoma, Flett 59; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Very variable as to fruit, being black and shiny or blue and glaucous. The berries vary likewise in flavor and texture. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 443 2. Vaccinium uliginosum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 350. 1753. Type tocauiry: ‘Habitat in Sueciae bérealibus et alpinis, uliginosis.” Rance; Arctic regions, southward to Oregon, Lake Superior, and New York. Hurope. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 8. Vaccinium occidentale A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 451. 1876. Typr Locauity: “Sierra Nevada at 6000 or 7000 feet, from Mariposa to Sierra Co.,” California. “Mountains of Utah.”’ Rance: Washington to Idaho, southward to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Howell 330; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, August, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf 1878; Signal Peak, Henderson, August 13, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 4. Vaccinium scoparium Leiberg, Mazama 1: 196. 1897. Vaccinium myrtillus microphyllum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 33. 1834. Vaccinium microphyllum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 251. 1897, not Reinw. 1826. Type Locatity: “Alpine woods near the Height of Land and Columbia Portage.’”’ Col- lected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2054; Goat Mountains, Allen 219; moun- tains north of Ellensburg, Whited 765; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1241; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1175; Big Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 741; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. 5. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. Fl. 1: 234. 1803. Vaccinium caespitosum cuneifolium Nutt.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 24. 1878. Vaceinium caespitosum arbuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 24. 1878. Type Locauity: “In borealibus Americae, pracsertim circa sinum Hudsonis.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to California, Colorado, and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Union City, Piper 1078; Humptulips, Lamb 1188; Segua- liche Lake, Piper 269; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 717; Simcoe Mountains, J. Howell, June, 1879: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 584; Columbia Plains, Nuttall ; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 635; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 78; Pullman, Piper 1720; Elmer 183; without locality, Vasey 382. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Vaccinium deliciosum Piper, Mazama 2: 103. 1901. Tyree LocaLiry: Mount Rainier, Washington. RanGe: Cascade and Olympic Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Allen 217; Piper 2056; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892: Suksdorf 585, 198; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 746; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2460. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Vaccinium macrophyllum (Hook.). Vaccinium myrtilloides macrophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 32, 1834. Vaceinium membranaceum Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit., as synonym. Type Locauity: “N. W. Coast.”’ Collected by Menzies. “Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Skagit Pass, Lake, August 24, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2057: Allen 218: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 77 and July 13, 1886; Fett 1217; Wenache Lake, Sandberg & Leiherg 688: head of Twisp River, Whited, July 19, 1896; Stevens Pass, 444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sandberg & Leiberg 744; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June 20, 1892; above Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 561; Blue Mountains, Piper, Jilly 16, 1896; without locality, Vasey 385; Kreager 233. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian mainly. The form in the Blue Mountains and the Bitterroots tends to have the leaves pale or glaucous beneath. This seems to be V. globulare Rydberg, but we do not deem it distinct enough to be worthy of nomenclatorial recognition. 8. Vaccinium ovalifolium Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 836: no. 2. 1817. Type Locauity: ‘Brought by Mr. Menzies from the west coast of North America.” RanGe: Alaska to Lake Superior and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3892; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Nisqually Valley, Adlen 220a, 220; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 152; Big Creek prairies, Lamb 1410; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, June, October, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 786; Skamania County, August 10, 1886; without locality, Vasey 384; Stevens Pass, Whited 1455. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 9. Vaccinium parvifolium Smith, Rees’ Cyel. 86: no. 3. 1817. RED HUCKLEBERRY. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘Gathered by Mr. Menzies on the west coast of North America.” Rance: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1016; Grays Harbor City, Lamb 1214; Monte- sano, Heller 3869; Admiralty Head, O. Piper, April 3, 1898; Port Ludlow, Binns, May 15, 1890; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck; Tacoma, Flett 40; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 71; Yakima Pass, Watson 250; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 586: Vancouver, Suksdorf 151; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2459; Fort Van- couver, Douglas, Scouler. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. OXYCOCCUS. 1. Oxycoccus oxycoccus intermedius (A. Gray). WESTERN CRANBERRY. Vaceinium oxycoccus intermedium A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 396. 1886. Type Locaity: “Washington Territory and N. Oregon.”” Collected by Suksdorf and by Henderson. RanGE: British Columbia to northern Idaho and western Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, May, 1891; Tacoma, Flett 224; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; mouth of Columbia, Douglas. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PRIMULACEAE. Primrose Faminy. Stems short; leaves in a basal rosette. Corolla lobes reflexed; stamens exserted. 2.2.2... -.2. 2... .. DopecatTnEon (p. 445). Corolla salverform; stamens included........-...-...-...-- DovuGiasta (p. 447). Stems leafy; corolla rotate or wanting. Flowers sessile or nearly so, solitary-axillary. Corolla none; capsule dehiscent by valves; leaves usually opposite... /......---2 2-2-2 -2-2-0000002---- GLaux (p. 447). Corolla present; capsule circumscissile; leaves usually alternate... 2.2. 222222222000000002002000220-2-22..-- CENTUNCULUS ( p. 447). Flowers not solitary-axillary or if so long-petioled. . Leaves clustered near the summit of the stem ..... 2... - TRIENTALIS (p. 447). Leaves opposite not clustered. Flowers solitary-axillary; leaves not punctate... .. . STEIRONEMA (p. 448). Flowers in axillary spikes; leaves punctate ........ NAUMBURGIA (p. 448). PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 445 DODECATHEON. SHOOTING STAR. Capsule dehiscing by valves from the apex. Filaments united into a yellow tube half as long as the anthers. Plant glabrous . ....---.----- voce eee cece ee eee 1. D. vulgare. Plant puberulent..........-.-.------------+--- 2. D. puberulum, Filaments free. Flowers white; leaves dentate _.......-.-.....- 3. D. dentatum. Flowers purple; leaves entire -....-.-.--------- 4. D. campestre. Capsule circumscissile; filaments free or nearly so, black. Flowers normally tetramerous ..------------------- 5. D. tetrandrum. Flowers normally pentamerous. Herbage viscid-puberulent .......-.----------- 6. D. viscidum. Terbage glabrous. Capsules ovate. Leaves broadly elliptic to obovate _...- - 7. D. latifolium. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, cremate ..- .- - 9. D. jeffrey. Capsules cylindric. Leaves spatulate-oblong, obtuse .....- - 8. D. conjugens. Leaves lanceolate, acute....-...------- 8a. D. conjugens leptophyllum. 1. Dodecatheon vulgare (Hook.) Dodecatheon integrifolium Michx. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 118. 1888. Dodecatheon integrifolium vulgare Hook. 1. ¢. Dodecatheon meadia pauciflorum Durand, Pl. Pratt. 95. 1855. Dodecatheon pauciflorum Greene, Pittonia 2:72. 1890. Typr Locauity: ‘Woody country of the Hudson’s Bay territories to Carlton House Fort, and in prairies of the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 201; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1893; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1859; Pullman, Piper 1730; Elmer 174; Toppenish, Cotton 1137. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Dodecatheon puberulum (Nutt.) Dodecatheon meadia puberula Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 48. 1834. Dodecatheon cusickii Greene, Pittonia 2: 73. 1890. Dodecatheon puberulentum Heller, Bull. Torr, Club 24: 311. 1897. Type Locauity: ‘Near the borders of Flathead river.” RanaeE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Pasco, Hindshaw 5; Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1898; Spokane, Velson 2880; Piper, May 16, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 117; Kamiak Butte, Moore, June 4, 1893; Pullman, Piper 1814, 1730; Elmer 174; Almota, Piper 1793; White Salmon, Suksdorf’ 280; Wenache, Whited 1018; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 357. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The types of meadia puberula and puberulentum are identical, the whole plant excepting the blades being puberulent. The type of cusickii has the whole herbage puberulent, but otherwise is the same. Both forms occur together and thus the difference seems of no value. 3. Dodecatheon dentatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1888. Dodecatheon meadia latilobum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 58. 1878. Tyre Locauity: ‘“N.W. interior.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer 438; Brandegee 956; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Icicle Creek, Sandberg &: Leiberg 558; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Cape Horn, Piper 4974. 446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Dodecatheon campestre Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 432. 1901. ’ Dodecatheon integrifolium minus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838. Type vocauity: “Tn prairies on the Klickitat Hills, Klickitat Co., Washington.” RanGeE: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 290; Fort Colville, Lyall; plains of the Columbia River, Nuttall. This is the species to which Nuttall first applied the herbarium name of ellipticum, but in describing what he thought to be Nuttall’s D. ellipticum, Durand really described the plant later named D. patulum Greene. 5. Dodecatheon tetrandrum Suksdorf, Erythea 3: 40. 1895. Type Locatity: Chiquash Mountains, Washington. Ranae: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf’ 998; Mount Adams, Suksdor August 7, 1885; Skamania County, August 11, 1886, Suksdorf. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 6. Dodecatheon viscidum Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901. Type Locaity: ‘Ten miles west of Spangle,’’ Washington. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spangle, Piper 3542; ten miles west of Spangle, Piper 2832. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Dodecatheon latifolium (Hook.) Dodecatheon integrifolium latifolium Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 119. 1838. Dodecatheon hendersoni A. Gray, Bot. Gaz. 2: 232. 1886. Type Locauity: “Dry banks about Fort Vancouver on the Columbia.” RANGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 200; Tacoma, Flett 91. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 8. Dodecatheon conjugens Greene, Erythea 3: 40. 1895. Type Locauity: ‘On dry hills near Helena, Montana.” Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 160; Ellensburg, Whited 280; Waitsburg, Horner 116; Pullman, Piper 2017; Moore 1731; Elmer 175; Klickitat Hills, Howell 1942; Gorman, April, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8a. Dodecatheon conjugens leptophyllum (Suksdorf). Dodecatheon hendersoni leptophyllum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900. Type Loca.ity: Falcon Valley, Klickitat County, Washington. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2202; near Mount Adams, Flett 1210; Okanogan County, Whited 57. 9. Dodecatheon jeffreyi Van Houtte, Fl. de Serres 16: 99. 1865. Dodecatheon viviparum Greene, Erythea 3: 38. 1895. Dodecatheon crenatum Greene, Pittonia 2: 74. 1890. TYPE LOCALITY: ‘“ Montagnes-Rocheuses.”’ RANGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2223; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1890, Piper 2102; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1357; Skagit Pass, Lake && Hull 455; Stevens Pass, Sand- berg & Leiberg 713. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 447 The illustration in the Flora de Serres seems to be exactly the plant common in the Bitter- root Mountains, of Idaho, so far as one may judge from the flowering plant alone. The Cascade Mountains plant (D. viviparum) differs only in having the leaves obscurely crenate instead of entire or denticulate. The capsule characters are the same in both DOUGLASIA. Leaves canescent with forked hairs...........-.------- Lecce ee ee ee ee eee 1. D. dentata. Leaves glabrous or nearly so..........-.------------------------ .... 2. D. laevigata. 1. Douglasia dentata 8. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 375. 1882. Douglasia nivalis dentata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 399. 1886. Androsace dieckiana Haussk. Mitt. des Bot. Ver. fiir gesammt-Thuringen 1890: 22. 1890. Type Locauity: “On a dry ridge above Peshastin Cafion,’’ Washington. Collected by Watson. RanGE: In the Wenache region, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1230; Sandberg & Leiberg 545; Wenache Mountains, Whited in 1896; Wenache Region, Brandegee 952; Yakima Region, Brandegee; Peshastin Canyon, Watson 264; Kittitas County, Henderson 2365; Clealum, Henderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889. 2. Douglasia laevigata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 105. 1880. Type LocaLity: Mount Hood, Oregon. Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 804; Henderson July, 1890, 2366; J. M. Grant in 1889; Elmer 2801; Goat Mountains, Allen 187. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. Dove .asia NIVALIS Lindl., listed by Suksdorf, is not known west of the Rocky Mountains. GLAUX. 1. Glaux maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 207. 1753. Type LocaLity: Europe. Rance: Sea coasts, California to Alaska and New England to Greenland. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson, June 25, 1892; Whidby Island, Gardner 199; Seattle, Piper; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 989; without locality, Cooper. The last three specimens are referable to @. maritima obtusifolia Fernald, differing from the species in its more erect habit, simple or sparingly branched stems, and broader leaves. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. CENTUNCULUS. 1. Centunculus minimus L. 5p. Pl. 1: 116. 1758. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Italiae, Galliae, Scaniae arenosis.” Rance: Washington to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas. South America. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June, 1880; Spokane, Piper 2765; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 13, 1892; Lake *alispel, Kreager 322. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. TRIENTALIS. Srar FLOWER. Leaves crowded near the summit of the stem........-.---.------------- 1. T. latifolia. Leaves scattered along the stem; bog plant............-.--------------- 2. 7. arctica, 1. Trientalis latifolia Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838. Prientalis europaea latifolia T Torr. Proc. Am. Acad. 4: 118. 1860. a Rhodora 4: 215. 1902. 448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Type Locauity: “About Fort Vancouver. Wallawallah River.” Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Vancouver Island to North California and the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3880; Hoquiam, Lamb 1051; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper 150; Tacoma, Flett 11; Olympia, Henderson, May 25, 1892: Skokomish Valley, Kineaid, May 10, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 22; Silverton, Bouck 137; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 650; lower Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Roslyn, Whited 412; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Blue Mountains, Horner 52; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. In Cooper’s Report @ this plant was referred to as 7’. europaea. 2. Trientalis arctica Fisch.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1838. Trientalis europea arctica Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 25. 1847. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Western shore and islands, from Sandy Bay, in Clarence Straits, to Unalaschka.”’ Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2799; Whidby Island, Gardner 198; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitution, Henderson, July 4, 1892; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 20; Tacoma, Flett 317; Skamania County, Suksdorf| 1528; Ilwaco, Henderson; Piper 5022; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 733; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. STEIRONEMA. 1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. Ann. Gen. Phys. 7: 192. 1820. Lysimachia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 147. 1753. Type Locauiry: Habitat in Virginia, Canada. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to New Mexico and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, ‘Whited 1424; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; White Salmon, Suksdorf 443; along Methow River, Whited 177; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 456; Pend Oreille River, Areager, August, 1902; Clarks Springs, Areager 131; Spokane, Kreager 546; Piper, September, 1886; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1729; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mabton, Cotton 751. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: /.rid Transition and Upper Sonoran. NAUMBURGIA. 1. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby in DC. Prod. 8: 60. 1844. Naumburgia guttatta Moench, Meth. Suppl. 23. 1802. Lysimachia thyrsiflora Li. Sp. Pl. 1: 147. 1753. TYPE Locatity: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whatcom County, Gardner 407; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 442; Toppenish, Henderson 2425; junction Crab and Wilson Creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 250; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 685. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. p PRIMULA HORNEMANNIANA Lehm. is said to have been collected at Fort Vancouver by Gairy.0 This is evidently an error, as the species is not known to occur west of the Rocky Mountains. @ Page 66. 6 Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 121. 1832. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 449 PLUMBAGINACEAE. STATICE. 1. Statice armeria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 274. 1753. THRIFT. Armeria vulgaris Willd. Enum. 333. 1809. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Europae Americae septentrionalis campis.”’ RANGE: Subarctic regions, south to California and Labrador. South America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 196; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Roy, Allen, May 13, 1889; Yelm Prairie, Piper; Stuart Island, Lawrence 201; Port Crescent, Lawrence 260. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. OLEACEAE. FRAXINUS. 1. Fraxinus oregana Nutt. Sylva 3: 59. pl. 99. 1849. OREGON ASH. Frarinus oregana riparia Nutt. loc. cit. Type Locauity: “In the Oregon territory.” ‘“‘We never saw it above the first falls of the Oregon.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Satsop, Heller 4024; White Salmon Suksdorf 445. A common tree in the river valleys of western Washington. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. GENTIANACEAE. Gentian FamiIty. Style filiform, usually deciduous; anthers oblong to linear, mostly twisting or curving with age. ---- . CENTAURION (p. 449). Style stout and persistent or none; + anthers 1 remaining x straight. Corolla funnelform or bell-shaped, without glands... 2.2.2... - GENTIANA (p. 450). Corolla rotate, with a fringed glandular spot on each lobe..... FRASERA (p. 451). CENTAURION. Basal leaves in a rosette; introduced............--.-.------------- 1. C. centaurium. Basal leaves not in rosettes. Pedicels slender, much longer than the flowers.......-.---.----- 2. C. exaltata. Pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers. ............---------- 3.C. muehlenbergii. 1. Centaurion centaurium (L.) W. F. Wight. Gentiana centaurium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 229. 1753. Erythraea centaurium Pers. Syn. 1: 283. 1805. Type LocaLity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Aincaid, July 4, 1896; Yesler, Hindshaw, July, 1897. 2. Centaurion exaltatum (Griseb.) W. F. Wight. Cicendia exaltata Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 69. 1838. Erythraea douglasui A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 480. 1876. Erythraea exaltata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 150. 1893. Type Locauity: ‘Between the Kettle Falls, and ‘ Narrows’ of the Columbia River.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance. Eastern Washington to California and Utah. 29418—06 M 29 450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chelan, Elmer 497, Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 957; Prosser, Cotton 658; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 665. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Centaurion muehlenbergii (Griseb.) W. F. Wight. Erythraea muehlenbergii Griseb. Gen. & Sp. Gent. 146. 1839. Erythraea curvistaminea Wittrock, Erythr. Exsicc. 2: 21. 1885. Type cocauity: ‘California.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Pullman, Piper 2649, 1622; Henderson 2272; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August 4, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. GENTIANA. GeEnTIAN. Annual; corolla without appendages in the sinuses. ..-...-... . Sec ee eee 1. G. acuta. Perennial; corolla with appendages in the sinuses. Uppermost pair of leaves forming an involucre about the 1 to 3 flowers. 2. @. calycosa. Uppermost leaves not involucrate. Corolla appendages entire. - wee eee ee ee eee eee eee eee BL. sceptrum. Corolla appendages laciniately cle it. Calyx lobes oblong to ovate-lanceolate....... 2.2.2.2... .-. 4. G. oregana. Calyx lobes linear to narrowly lanceolate. ._..............-- 5. @. affinis. 1. Gentiana acuta Michx. Fl. 1: 177. 1803. Gentiana amarella acuta Herder, Act. Hort. Petrop. 1: 428. 1872. Gentiana anisose pala Greene, Pittonia 3: 309. 1898. Amarella anisosepala Greene, Leaflets 1: 53. 1904. Amarella macounii Greene, op. cit. 54. Type Locauiry: “In altis montibus Carolinae et in Canada, prope Tadoussack.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Maine, Minnesota, New Mexico, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Padden Lake, Suksdorf 990; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Whidby Island, Gardner 202; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2111, East Sound, Henderson, July 3, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Gentiana calycosa Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 58. ¢. 146. 1888. Gentiana calycosa stricta Griseb. loc. cit. Gentiana gormani Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 446. 1901. Tyre Locauity: ‘Mt. Rainier,” Washington. Collected by Tolmie. Rance: British Columbia to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2224; Elmer 2727; Mount Rainier, Piper 2113; Allen 93; Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 13382; Mount Adams, Hen- derson 33 and August 8, 1892; Suksdorf in 1878, Bridge Creek, Elmer 714; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 551; Gorman 757 (type collection of Gentiana gormani Howell). ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. In Lyall’s report this species was confused with the Rocky Mountains @. parry: Engelm. 3. Gentiana sceptrum Griseb. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 57. 1838. Type Locauity: “Plentiful in low moist soil near Fort Vancouver,’ Washington. Collected by Douglas. Rance. British Columbia to Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chambers Lake, Henderson, August 23, 1892, between Union City and Shelton, Piper in 1890, Segualiche Lake, Proper in 1887; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; llwaco, Henderson, September 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 451 4. Gentiana oregana Engelm.; A. Gray, Svn. Fl. 2': 122. 1878. Gentiana affinis ovata A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 483. 1876, not @. ovata F. G. Dietr.Vollst. Lexik. Gaertn. Nachtr. 3: 458. 1815-21. Type Loca.ity: “ From near San Francisco.”’ Collected by Bolander. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fish Lake, Dunn, August &, 1900; Pend Oreille River, Lya// in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 937; Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Pullman, Piper 1623; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Davis Ranch, Spokane County, Kreager 304; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Areager 564. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Gentiana affinis Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 56. 1838. Type Locauity: ‘Carlton House to Edmonton House.’’ Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Minnesota, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parrotts Post-office, Hull 552; Spokane County, Suksdorf 938; Mission, Kreager 489. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transiton. “ Abundant in mountain valleys, between Spokane and Kettle Falls, in alluvial deposits.” - Douglas, according to Hooker. GENTIANA DOUGLASIANA PATENS Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 60. 1838. Near Fort Vancouver, Garry, according to Hooker, If the plant really occurs in Washington it has not at any rate been seen since. It has been collected at Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, by Rosendahl & Brand. FRASERA. Plants 1 to 2 meters tall; leaves marginless. Corolla blue-purple, a single gland on each lobe. ..... 2. ..-.--.----- 1. F. fastigiata. Corolla greenish, two glands on each lobe... ....-.-.------------- 2. I’. speciosa. Plants about } meter tall; leaves with firm white margins. Whole plant finely pubescent. ...-.........-.-.----------------- 3. F. albicaulis, Whole plant glabrous.......-...-.---..------- Lees ee eee eee. 4.F. nitida. 1. Frasera fastigiata (Pursh) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 312. 1897. Swertia fastigiata Pursh, Fl]. 1: 101. 1814. Frasera thyrsiflora Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 3: 288. 1851. Frasera carolinensis Walt. err. det. Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66. 1838. Tyfe Locauiry: “On the Missouri Flats near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis. The Lewis specimen in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Science is ticketed: “In moist places on the Squamash Flats,” that is, Weippe, Idaho. The plant does not occur on the Missouri, Pursh’s note being doubtless an error. Rance: Northern Idaho and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 939; Ienderson 2211; Rockford, Piper; Palouse, Henderson, July 15, 1892; Kamiak Butte, L/mer 802; Piper, July 20, 1899. According to Hooker also collected by Douglas, in ‘‘mountain valleys, Spokane and Kettle Falls.” ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. This species is really an inhabitant of rather dry pine woods. At ‘‘Quamash Flats’ the plant occurs only at the very margins of the moist meadows, but it is abundant in the pine woods adjoining. 2. Frasera speciosa Dougl.; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 66, ft. 153. 1838 Type cvocarity: ‘On the low hills near Spokan and Salmon Rivers and subalpine parts of the Blue Mountains, near the Kooskooka River.’’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: East Washington to Wyoming, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches River, Henderson, June, 1892. 452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Frasera albicaulis Griseb. in Hook. I]. Bor. Am. 2: 67. 1838. Tyee Locauity: “In the mountain vallies between Spokan and Kettle Falls,’ Wash- ington. Collected by Douglas. RanGE: Eastern Oregon and eastern Washington to western Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2695; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 186; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 389; Spangle, Piper 3035; Pullman, Elmer 823; Hull, June, 1892; Piper 1619: without locality, Vasey 426. ZONAL pisrripution: Arid Transition. 4. Frasera nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 322. 1849. Type Locauitry: “In montibus Sacramento,” California. Collected by Hartweg. RanGeE: California to Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Sudsdorf'40; Klickitat River, Flett 1023. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. MENYANTHACEAE. _ Leave trifoliolate; corolla lobes fimbriate ..........-2..-.----- MENYANTHES. Leaves simple, reniform; corolla lobes entire... ................ NEPHROPHYLLIDIUM. MENYANTHES. 1. Menyanthes trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 145. 1753. Buck BEAN. Tyvek Locauiry: Europe. Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 203; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Tacoma, Flett 33; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Zyal/ in 1859; Davis Lake, Kreager, August 9, 1902; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 39. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. NEPHROPHYLLIDIUM. 1. Nephrophyllidium crista-galli (Menzies) Gilg in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzen- fam. 4%: 106. 1895. DEER CABBAGE. Menyanthes crista-galli Menzies; Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 45. pl. 24. 1830. Tyre Locauity: “In marshy pastures in Prince William’s Sound,” Alaska. Ranae: Alaska to Washington near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wreck Creek Prairie, south of Granville, Conard 360. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. APOCYNACEAE. APOCYNUM. Corolla lobes spreading or recurved; leaves ovate. Leaves glabrous. Tall; leaves ovate or oval... .....-.-.----- 1. A. androsaemifolium. Low; leaves orbicular-ovate ....-...-.-.--- la. A. androsaemifolium pumilum. Leaves puberulent, orbicular-ovate ....-..--.-.--- 1b. A. androsaemifolium detonsum. Corolla lobes erect; leaves oval or oblong. Calyx and bracts ciliolate..... 2.2 .-.-.---.-.. 2. A. eiholatum. Calyx and bracts entire. Cymes large, many-flowered . ......-------- 3. A. cannabinum. Cymes small, few-flowered......-.--.-.-.- 4. A. suksdorfir. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 453 1. Apocynum androsaemifolium L. Sp. Pl. 1: 213. 1753. Type Locauity: “In Virginia, Canada.” RanGE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Arizona and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1897; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 550; Wenache, Whited 1423. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. la. Apocynum androsaemifolium pumilum A. Gray, Syn. FI. 2': 83. 1878. Type cocauity: “California to British Columbia.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1620, 3508; Hull in 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 475; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf in 1886; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1899; Clarks Springs, Kreager 89; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; without locality, Wilkes Expe- dition 422; Clealum Lake, Cotton 858. RanGe: British Columbia and Idaho to California. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 1b. Apocynum androsaemifolium detonsum subsp. nov. Like the preceding, but the whole plant clothed with a short dense pubescence.. Type specimen collected in eastern Washington by G. R. Vasey (no. 429) in 1889. 2. Apocynum ciliolatum sp. nov. Stems erect, very leafy, branched above, 60 to 70 cm. high, glabrous; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, puberulent on both sides, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, nearly sessile; panicle ample, rather loose, its branches erect, glabrous; bracts lanceolate, ciliate; pedicels pubescent; calyx lobes deltoid, acute, erect, ciliolate, shorter than the corolla tube; corolla pink, 5 mm. long, the erect lanceolate acutish ciliolate lobes as long as the tube,which is nearly glabrous within. Collected at Wawawai, Washington, July 17, 1892, Lake & Hull, no. 549. A near ally of A. cannabinum L., but distinct from any described species in its ciliolate calyx and corolla. 3. Apocynum cannabinum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 213. 1753. INDIAN HEMP. Type Loca.ity: “In Canada, Virginia.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to Florida and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Waff, August, 1895; Peshastin, Sandberg & Lei- berg 591; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Apocynum suksdorfii Greene, Pittonia 5: 65. 1902. 2 Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum A. DC. Prod. 8: 439. 1844. Tyre Locauity: “Sandy banks of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1522; Ophir, Elmer 507; Wawawai, Piper 1621 and August 24, 1894; Columbia Valley, Lyad/ in 1860; Waitsburg, Horner 335B. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. , ASCLEPIADACEAE. ASCLEPIAS. MILKWEED. Leaves linear or lanceolate, glabrous; follicles smooth...-...--..------- 2. A. mexicana. Leaves oval or oblong, white-tomentose; follicles warty... ....2.-.-...- 1. A. speciosa. 1. Asclepias speciosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 218. 1823. Type Locauity: ‘On the Canadian/’’ Collected by James. RanGE: Washington to California and Arkansas. 454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg:379; without locality, Vasey 428; Wenache, Whited 68; Ellensburg, Whited 489; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 555; Waitsburg, Horner 404; Almota, Piper 1868; Pullman, Elmer 899; Piper 1625; Mission, Kreager, August 20, 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Asciepias mexicana Cav. Ic. 1: 42. 1791. Asclepias fascicularis Dec. in DC. Prod. 8: 569, 1844. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat prope Mexico.” Rance: Washington to California, Arizona, and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Mlett 1025; Fort Simcoe, Henderson; Spokane, Sand- berg, August, 1892; Dewart, July 15, 1901; Wawawai, Piper 2664; Horner 664. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. CONVOLVULACEAE. CONVOLVULUS. Morninc-cuory. Calyx without bracts; leaves glabrous....................... 3. @. arvensis. Calyx inclosed by two large bracts. Leaves reniform, fleshy................---------------- 1. @. soldanella. Leaves triangular-sagittate, not fleshy........-.-.-.-.--- 2. C. sepium americanus. 1. Convolvulus soldanella L. Sp. Pl. 1: 159. 1758. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Angliae, Frisiae littoribus maris.”’ Rance: Washington to California on the seashore. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 219; Copalis, Lamb 1257; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Ocosta, Henderson in 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4999. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Convolvulus sepium americanus Sims, Bot. Mag. 19: pl. 732. 1804. Type LocaLiry: America. Rance: Washington to Canada and Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, July 14, 1886; Henderson; Klickitat River, Flett 1022; Ophir, Elmer 607; Almota, Piper, August 9, 1896; Wawawai, Piper 1694. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 3. Convolvulus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 153. 1753. TyPE LOCALITY: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 525. A troublesome weed becoming wide- spread. It has been noted at Pullman, Walla Walla, Garfield, and Edwall. CUSCUTACEAE. CUSCUTA. Dopper. Stigmas filiform; corolla scales crenulate. Calyx lobes not keeled; corolla lobes triangular, acute... 1. C. epithymum. Calyx lobes keeled; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse ---.-.-.- 2. C. planiflora. Stigmas capitate; corolla scales fringed. Capsule pointed. Flowers subsessile; dry corolla not enveloping the capsule. ........-...-----------------2 eee eee 3. C. squamigera. Flowers pedicelled; dry corolla enveloping the cap- sule.......-..----------- +222 22 ee eee eee eee 4, C. indecora. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 455 Capsule globose. Flowers sessile; style shorter than the ovary... .--- 5. C. arvensis. Flowers pedicelled. Stems coarse; calyx lobes obtuse..........---- 6. C. cephalanthi. Stems fine; calyx lobes acute........---------- 7. C. californica. 1. Cuscuta epithymum Murr.; L. Syst. ed. 13; 140. 1774. Tyre Locatity: None given, but European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Vashon Island, Gardner 210; Seattle, Piper. 2. Cuscuta planiflora Tenore, Fl. Nap. 3: 250. 1824-29. Type LocaLity: Near Naples, Italy. RanGe: Introduced in the western United States. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Entiat, Mr. Grover in 1898. That this species is perfectly distinct from C. epithymum has clearly been demonstrated by the studies of Mr, F. H. Hillman. 8. Cuscuta squamigera (Engelm.). Cuscuta californica squamigera Engelm. Trans. St. L. Acad. 1: 499. 1859. Cuscuta subinelusa abbreviata Engelm. op. cit. 500. 1859. Cuscuta salina Engelm. in A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 536. 1876. Type Locauitry: “Saline soil in the Rio Virgen, Utah, on Suaeda.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Angeles, Piper, September 1, 1895; Port Ludlow, Binns; Coupeville, Gardner 218; Seattle, Piper in 1889; Shelton, Piper, August 10, 1899; Tacoma, Flett 77. In Cooper’s report this species was called C. umbrosa Beyrich. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Cuscuta indecora Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva 9: 278. 1841. Type Locauiry: “ Hab. Mexicam ad Matamoras.”’ Rance: Washington to California, eastward to Illinois and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner, October 5, 1893, on alfalfa and prickly lettuce. 5. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 77. 1838. Type tocatity: “N. W. America.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to New York, southward to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, //orner, on alfalfa, October 5, 1893. 5a. Cuscuta arvensis calycina Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad. 1: 495. 1859. Type Locatity: Texas. In the original description Engelmann includes Geyer’s no. 674, collected at the “mouth of the Walla Walla River, on the muddy borders, infesting the stems of Xanthium microcarpon, September.”” We have not seen this specimen nor do we know the plant. 6. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. 48: 336. 1842. Cuscuta tenuiflora Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. 350. 1848. Type Locauity: ‘ Near St. Louis,’’ Missouri. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, southward to Arizona, Texas, and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ophir, Elmer; North Yakima, Piper 1796; Snohomish County, Gardner 217; Waitsburg, Horner 569. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Cuscuta californica Choisy, Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneva 9: 279. 1841. Type Locauity: “Tab. nov. California.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. 456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skamania County, Suksdorf 1487; Peshastin, Sandberg &: Leiberg 495; Spokane, Henderson 2273; Blue Mountains, Piper 2448. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. POLEMONIACEAE. Puiox Faminy. Calyx distended and at length burst by the capsule. Corolla large, salverform; leaves all opposite, entire; seeds not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; ours all suffruticose perennials .... 22.2... 222222020000 0202 2222 e eee eee Puiox (p. 456). Corolla tubular, funnelform or salverform, usually small; leaves mostly alternate, usually not entire Calyx not distended nor burst by the capsule. Corolla not rotate. Calyx lobes spine-tipped; leaves pinnatifid - . Calyx lobes not spine-tipped; leaves entire or - pinnatifid Corolla rotate (in ours); leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire... . PHLOX. Densely tufted species with crowded leaves; flowers solitary on the shoots. Herbage beset with woolly hairs....... 2.2 2..222-.-22-2-.-.--- Herbage not beset with woolly hairs. Calyx not at all wooly; leaves hispid-ciliate. Leaves grooved, 5 to 6mm. long..:..............-.--- Leaves usually plane, 8 to 14 mm. long Calyx sparsely woolly; leaves often woolly at base. Herbage finely glandular Herbage not glanduiar. Leaves all acerose; style half as long as corolla... __ - Leaves not all acerose; style nearly as long as co- rolla... 2.222222. 22 eee Loosely tufted taller species; flowers in cymes. Style long, usually equaling the corolla tube. Inflorescence not glandular; Inflorescence glandular. Whole plant viscid-pubescent; leaves linear, 2 to 4 mm. leaves narrowly linear... 2... - Only the inflorescence viscid-pubescent; leaves linear, 1 mm. wide...--. 2... ..222002 02222022222 Style short, not longer than the ovary. Upper leaves on flowering stem dilated at base. Leaves linear, soft; cymes loose. - Leaves lanceolate, rigid; cymes dense... Leelee Upper leaves on flowering stems not dilated a at “base. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate 1. Phlox canescens Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2?: 122, pl. 6. 1855. TYPE LOCALITY: RanGE: Eastern Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenas, Cotion 917; Horse Heaven, 13, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. Cotion oi .?P. we .?P. 589; Mountains, Cotton 566; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, April, 1895; Columbus, Suksdorf, April GILIA (p. 459). . NAVARRETIA (p. 463). CoLLoMIA (p. 464). PoLEMONIUM (p. 466). CaTLESCENS. . condensata, . caespitosa. .rigida, . douglasii. >. diffusa. longifolia. . viseida, . viridis. . speciosa, . lanceolata. . whitedii, . occidentalis. “On the Cedar Mountains, south of Great Salt Lake,” Utah. Rattlesnake PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 457 2. Phlox condensata (A. Gray) E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 13. 1899. Phlox caespitosa condensata A. Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. 8: 254. 1870. Phlox condensata hendersoni E. Nelson, loc. cit. 14. Type LocaLity: “From the headwaters of Clear Creek, and the alpine ridges lying east of Middle Park,’”’ Colorado. Collected by Parry. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 817; J. M. Grant 4; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 958; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; (type of subspecies hendersont E. Nelson); Suksdorf 390; Howell in 1882; Flett 1245. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ° 3. Phlox caespitosa Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 41, 1834. Type Locaity: “Flat-Head River on the sides of dry hills.’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington and Montana, southward to New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee in 1888. 4, Phlox rigida Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845. Phlox piperi E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 18. 1899. Type Locatity: “In montibus coeruleis Americae boreali-occid.’’ Collected by Doug- las in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. Rance: Eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2286, 2946; Henderson 2412; Spokane Valley, Lyall, May, 1861; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 37; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 274; without locality, Vasey 392; Spokane, Kreager 164; Mount Carlton, Kreager 243; Chelan Butte, Cotton 596. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Phlox douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. 1838. Type Ltocauity: “N. W. America; common on the Limestone range of the Blue Moun- tains [Oregon], and on the Rocky Mountains, near the confines of snow.” Collected by Douglas. Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 11; also April 22, 1881. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 6. Phlox diffusa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 325, 1849. Phlox douglasii diffusa A. Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. 8: 254, 1870. Type tocaity: “Prope Bear Valley in montibus Sacramento,” California. Collected by Hartweg. Rance: British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper; Henderson; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 660; Mount Rainier, Allen 265; Piper 2132; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1108; Mount Adams, Henderson; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 595; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1246; without locality, Brandegee 960; Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2820. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 7. Phlox longifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 41. 1834. Phlox speciosa linearifolia Hook. Journ, Bot. 3: 289. 1851. Phlox speciosa latifolia Hook. loc. cit. Phlox linearifolia A. Gray, Syn, Fl. 2': 183. 1878. Phlox humilis Dougl.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 306. 1845. Type Loca.ity: ‘Valleys of the Rocky Mountains generally.” Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington to Montana and Colorado. 458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 39; Wenache, Whited 9, 1037; North Yakima, Mrs, Steinweg; Piper, April 22, 1898; Henderson 2415; Pasco, Hindshaw . 19; Piper 2959; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Sprague, Henderson; Spokane, Piper, May 19, 1899; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10, 1886; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 14, 1886; Co- lumbia Plains, Douglas in 1886 (type of Phlox humilis); Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 62; Almota, Piper, May 27, 1893: Wawawai, Piper 1513, 3009; Lake 594; Waits- burg, Horner 159; Pataha, Hull 594; without locality, Brandegee 961; without locality, Vasey 397, 399. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 8. Phlox viscida E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899. Type Locaity: ‘Blue Mts., Columbia Co.,”” Washington. Collected by Piper. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2397; Horner 137; Klickitat Hills, Gor- man, April, 1895; Wenas Creek, Cotton 1152; Klickitat Valley, Howell 1380. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9. Phlox viridis E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 24. 1899. Type vocauity: “Ellensburg, Washington.’’ Collected by Piper. Rance: Eastern Washington and idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 628: Ellensburg, Piper 2689. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Phlox speciosa Pursh, Fl. 1: 149. 1814. Type Locauity: “On the plains of the Columbia.” Collected by Lewis. The exact place is probably on the Clearwater below Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Sandberg & Leiberg in 1893; Hangman Creek, Sand- berg & Leiberg 75; Pullman, Piper 1894; Elmer 839; Almota Canyon, Piper; Union Flat, Piper 3008; without locality, Vasey 401. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 10a. Phlox speciosa elatior Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 2: 72. 1838. Phlox sabini Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. Phlox speciosa sabini A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 256. 1870. Type Loca.ity: “Limestone Rocks of the Blue Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Spokane River, Douglas; Pullman, Hull, May 24, 1892; Union Flat, Piper 2008. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 11. Phlox lanceolata E. Nelson, Rev. West. N. A. Phloxes 29. 1899. Type Locatiry; “Ellensburg, Wash.”” Collected by Piper. Rance: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Cleman Mountain, Hender- son 2413; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 443. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 12. Phlox whitedii K. Nelson, Erythea 7: 167. 1899. Type Locauity: Wenache, Washington. Collected by Whited. Rance: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whifed 1036; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Mrs. Steinweg; Rattlesnake Mountains, Coton 573. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 13. Phlox occidentalis Durand, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 125. 1856. TypPE Locaritry: “ Hillsides, near Duffield’s Ranch,” California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 459 Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1069; Kittitas Valley, Lyall, June 1860; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May 18, 1886 and 2208; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 184; Umtanum Ridge, Cotton 918. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. GILIA. Shrubs; corolla salverform, yellow; leaves acerose. Leaves straight... ......-.-...--.---------------------- la. Leaves recurved... .. 2.2.2. 2-22 ---- 2-2-2222 ee ee ee ee 1b. Herbs. Perennials or biennials. Flowers in an elongate panicle; corolla large, tubular- funnelform, usually scarlet............----------- 10. Flowers in corymbs or heads, rather small, white or whitish. Leaves palmately 3 to 7-parted; flowers in cor- ymbs......2...-2------- 2-2-2 22 ee eee ee 8 Leaves pinnately 3 to 9divided; flowers in heads.. 9. Annuals. Leaves or some of them opposite. Lower leaves dissected like the upper, into fili- form segments, all opposite. Flowers in a capitate leafy cluster; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long..........--------------- 2. Flowers scattered, on slender pedicels. Corolla almost rotate, S to 10 mm. broad........-.---------------+--- 3. Corolla tubular-funnelform. Ovules solitary in each cell, corolla whitish, 3 mm. long.....-..----- 4. Ovules 2 to 5 in each cell, corolla purplish, 12 mm. long......-..-- 5. Lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, both entire. Stems simple below; flowers S to 10 mm. ‘ long... 2.22222 ee ee eee eee eee 6. Stems branched from the base; flowers 5 to 7mm. long...-.-.-.--.-.-------------- 7. Leaves all alternate. Herbage woolly; flowers pale blue, clustered... -- - 11. Herbage not woolly. Leaves not in a basal rosette. Flowers blue, in dense globose clusters on long naked peduncles; leaves dissected into filiform segments. Calyx glabrous; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long..........----------------- 12 Calyx woolly; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long... 2.-..0-2--------------- 13. Flowers scattered; leaves filiform, mostly entire, Branches elongate, erect; corolla blue; pedicels short. .....------- 14. r ~ =p) Pp) G ~ rT ~ 7 7 tT Oo“ G. . pungens hookeri. . pungens squarrosa. . aggregata, . nuttallii. G. congesta. . bicolor. . pharnaceoides. . harknessii. . bolanderi. . gracilis. humilis. . filifolia. r. capitate. ?, achilleaefolia. . minutiflora. 460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Branches divergent, not elongate; corollaspink ; pedicels slender... . . 15. G. capillaris. Leaves mostly in a basal rosette. Radical leaves dentate, not pubescent... 16. G. leptomeria. Radical leaves pinnatifid, pubescent .... 17. G. inconspicua. la. Gilia pungens hookeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870. Phlox hookeri Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 73. t. 159. 1838. (lia hookert Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 316. 1845. Type Locauity: ‘Common on arid, sandy, and rocky soils near the narrows of the Oakanagan and Priest’s Rapids of the Columbia,’ Washington. Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Fett 1031; Yakima Region, Brandegee 965; near Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 392; Spokane, Spalding; Soap Lake, McKay 7; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 181; without locality, Vasey 394; near Spokane, Kreager 168; Chelan, Elmer 502; Methow River, Whited 236; Yakima, Leckenby, May 11, 1898; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 669; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892; Chelan Butte, Cotton 594; Coulee City, Cotton 606. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 1b. Gilia pungens squarrosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 268. 1870. Type Locauity: “Near Carson City,’’ Nevada. Collected by Anderson. RANGE: Eastern Washington to Idaho and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall (very viscid-pubescent). 2. Gilia bicolor (Nutt.). Leptosiphon bicolor Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847. Linanthus bicolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 260. 1892. Gilia tenella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 325. 1849. Type Locatity: ‘On moist rocks of the Oregon near the outlet of the Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 207; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Fidalgo Island, Flett 2105; Montesano, Henderson 2409; Heller 4012; Tacoma, Flett, May 31, 1896; Olympia, Henderson 2410; Steilacoom, Suckley; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 43; Clallam County, Elmer 2823. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Gilia pharnaceoides Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1833. Linanthus pharnaceoides Greene, Pittonia 2: 254. 1892. TYPE Locauity: “California.’’ Collected by Douglas. RaNnGE: British Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wilbur, Henderson, July, 1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 585; Chelan, Elmer 499; Spokane County, Suksdorf 391; Piper, duly 18, 1894; Henderson, May 31, 1892; Chimokane Valley, Geyer 535; Walla Walla, Spalding; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 283; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 473; Clarks Springs, Kreager 13. “Sandy soils at Oakanagunea and Wallawallah,’’ Douglas, according to Hooker. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Gilia harknessii Curran, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 12. 1884. Linanthus harknessui Greene, Pittonia 2: 255. 1892. Type Locauity: “At the summit of the Sierra Nevada,’’ California. Collected by Harkness. RanGe; Idaho and Washington to California. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 461 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 42, 165; Simcoe Hills, Howell 290; Klickitat River, Flett 1225; Sprague, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 201; Kamiak Butte, Elmer 803; Blue Mountains, Horner 389; Piper 2398. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Gilia bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 263. 1870. Linanthus bolanderit Greene, Pittonia 2: 255, 1892. Type LocaLity: “Sonoma County, California, on dry hills; Russian River.’’ Collected by Bolander. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 549; White Salmon, Suksdorf 293. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Gilia gracilis (Dougl.) Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2924. 1829. “'ollomia gracilis Dougl.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. Phlox gracilis Greene, Pittonia 1: 141. 1887. Microsteris gracilis Greene, Pittonia 3: 300. 1898. Gilia gracilis elatior Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900. Gilia gracilis pratensis Suksdorf, loc. cit. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Spokane River and on high grounds near Flat- head River.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Nebraska, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /Teller 3909; Seattle, Smith 154; Olympia, Henderson 2405, 2406; Kincaid, July 4, 1896; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 77; Silverton, Bouck 31; Tieton River, Cotton 485; Tacoma, Flett 196, 881, 882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2114, 1508; Ellensburg, Whited 268; Pasco, Hindshaw 50; Chimokane, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver, Douglas in 1825; Klickitat River, Flett 1229; Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 78; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 23, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1517; Hull 588; Waitsburg, Horner, April 12, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, May 19,1894; Elmer 76; Davis Ranch, Kreager; Clallam County, Elmer 2824; Mount Rainier, lett 2153, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 7. Gilia humilis (Greene). Microsteris humilis Greene, Pittonia 8: 301. 1898. ? Collomia gracilis humilior Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 76. 1888. Gilia microsteris Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 142. 1901. Type Locaity; “South end of Lake Pend Oreille,” Idaho. Collected by Leiberg. Rance: Eastern Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 13; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 268: Skamania County, Suksdorf 2314; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 163; Tampico, Flett 1030; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 308; Spokane, Piper 2291; Henderson 2404; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 25; Spangle, Piper 3547; Pullman, Hull, April 12, 1892; Piper 1518; Coulee City, Piper 3851. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7a. Gilia humilis glabella (Greene). Microsteris glabella Greene, Pittonia 3: 301. 1898. Gilia gracilis glabella Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 132. 1900. Type Locatity: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2206. 8. Gilia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 267. 1870. Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah to the Sierra Nevada in California.” 462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Washington to Colorado, Arizona, and Southern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 882; Flett 240; Goat Mountains, Allen 119; mountains north of Ellensburg, Brandegee 964; Blue Mountains, Piper 2419. ' ZONAL DistripuTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. 9. Gilia congesta Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1888. Type Locauity: “Sandy plains of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Wyoming to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Columbia, Wilkes Expedition 436. This specimen has narrow mostly entire leaves, approaching in character G. congesta crebrifolia. 10. Gilia aggregata (Pursh) Spreng. Syst. 1: 626. 1825. Cantua aggregata Pursh, Fl. 1: 147. 1814. Gilia pulchella Doug].; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 74. 1838. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Mississippi, M. Lewis;’’ but the specimens were really collected on “ Hungry Creek’? [Lolo Creek], in Western Idaho. Rance: Washington to California, Texas, and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 151; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Leckenby, May, 1898; Watt, August, 1895; Tieton River, Cotton 441; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Klickitat River, lett 1221; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 474; eastern Washington, Wilcor in 1883; locality unknown, Vasey 408; Pullman, Piper 1519; Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Clarks Springs, Kreager 91; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 313. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 11. Gilia filifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 156. 1847. Type Locairy: ‘Near Santa Barbara, Upper California.”’ Rance: Eastern Washington to Southern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Piper, May 26, 1899; Elmer 1059; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 590; Crab and Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 246; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf 393; Yakima Region, Brandegee 966; Moses Lake, Cotton 614. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species has frequently been mistaken for the closely allied (. floccosa. 12. Gilia capitata Hook. Bot. Mag. 53: pl. 2698. 1826. Type Locauity: ‘From the northwest coast of America,’ of Fort Vancouver,” Washington. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Edwards 20; Whidby Island, Gardner 205; Tacoma, Flett 79; Olympia, Heller 4040; Skamania County, Flett 1224; White Salmon, Suksdorf 451; Wawawai, Piper 3530; Seattle, Piper in 1888; Cape Horn, Piper 4908. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ’ specifically “in the vicinity 13. Gilia achilleaefolia Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1883. Type Locauity: ‘“California.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1998; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 30, 1890; Olympia, Henderson 2401. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition, 14. Gilia minutiflora Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 315. 1845. Type Loca.ity: “In America boreali occidentali.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington to Oregon and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 481; Whited in 1895; Wenache Flat, Whited 1158, 1289; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1818; Henderson in 1892; Kiona, Piper 2755; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 670; Crab and Wilson PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 463 creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 270; locality unknown, Vasey 400; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf 396; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 967: Prosser, Cotton 813. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 15. Gilia capillaris Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873. TYPE Locatiry: “Cisco, Sierra Nevada Mountains,” California. RanGE: Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1226: Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf 395, 1515. This species was mistaken by Suksdorf for G. filiformis Parry and under that name included in his list. 16. Gilia leptomeria A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 278. 1870. Type Loca.ity: “Mountain valleys of Nevada and Utah.” Collected by Watson. Rance; Eastern Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgan’s Ferry, Suksdorf 394; Pasco, Piper 2984, 2751; Hind- shaw 27; mouth of Alder Creek, Howell 909: ‘junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &: Leiberg 301; Sunnyside, Colton 315. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 17. Gilia inconspicua (Smith) Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 2883. 1829, I pomopsis inconspicua Smith, Exot. Fl. 1: pl. 14. 1804. Cantua parviflora Pursh, Fl. 2: 730. 1814. Gila parviflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825. Tyre LocaLiry: Supposed by Smith to be from North America. Rance: British Columbia to Texas and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Wait, August, 1895; Henderson, May 25, 1892: Pasco, Piper 2978; Hindshaw 22; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg &: Leiberg 261; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Prosser, Cotton 591, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. NAVARRETIA. Leaves simply pinnatifid.... 2222222222 1. N. divaricata. Leaves bipinnatifid. Herbage glandular-viscid, malodorous........-......... 2... 2. N. squarrosa, Herbage not glandular nor malodorous. Stems glabrate; calyx tube nearly glabrous; ovules 1 to 3 in each cell... 2-22-2222. ee. BN. minima. Stems not glabrate. Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell; stems pubescent: calvx tube and base of bracts very villous......-..2..2. 20... 3. N. interterta. Ovules solitary in each cell; stems puberulent; calyx tube and bracts sparsely villous........... 22222... 4. N. klickitatensis. 1. Navarretia divaricata (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 136, 1887. Gila dwaricata Torr.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 270. 1870. Type Locatiry: “ Along the foothills of the Sierra Nevada,” California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881. 2. Navarretia squarrosa (Esch.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 368, 1840. SKUNK-WEED. Guia squarrosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. 151. 1833. Hoitzia squarrosa Esch. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 10: 283. 1826. Gulia pungens Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 2977. 1830. TyPE Locatiry: “In Novae Californiae arenosis.” Rance: Washington to California, 464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 204; Lake Washington, Suksdorf 992; Fairhaven, Suksdorf 993; Tacoma, Flett 909, 199; Touchet River, Horner 582; Clallam County, Elmer 2818. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Navarretia intertexta (Benth.) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 75. 1838. Aegochloa interterta Benth. Bot. Reg. 19: under pl. 1622. 1833. Gilia intertexta Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 683. 1840. Type cocauiry: “California and North West America.” Rance: British Columbia to California, eastward to the Rocky Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Ellensburg, Whited 535; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 44; Klickitat River, Flett 1222; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 904; Dewart; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 591; Pullman, Piper 1520; Davis Ranch, Kreager 178; Washtucna, Cotton 617; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 663. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Navarretia klickitatensis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900. Gila klickitatensis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 43. 1901. Type Locatity: Klickitat County, near the mouth of Klickitat River, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RANGE: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 991. 5. Navarretia minima (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 269. 1870. Gilia minima Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. n. ser. 1: 160. 1847. Navarretia suksdorfir: Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 457. 1901. Tyre Locatity: ‘Plains of the Oregon, near Walla Walla.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Dakota, Colorado, and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July, 1881. COLLOMIA. Leaves entire. Flowers solitary-axillary .. 2.2.2.2. 22220222222 ee ee eee eee 4. C. tenella. Flowers in clusters. Corolla salmon-color, 2 to 3 em. long... .-....-.....2.-.--- 1. C. grandiflora. Corolla pink, 1 em. long. Calyx lobes acute; clusters many-flowered..... 2.22... 2. C. linearis. Calyx lobes aristate; clusters few-flowered Leaves more or less dissected. Annual; leaves pinnate........2.2.2.222.2220220-..---.------- 5. C. heterophylla. Perennial; leaves palmate...... 2.2.2.2. 0222200222 6. C. debilis. wee eee ee eee 3. C. aristella. 1. Collomia grandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1174, 1828. Gila grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 223. 1882. Type Locauity: ‘In the northwest of North America in all the country bordering on the Columbia, as far eastward as the valleys of the Rocky Mts., but not beyond that great dividing ridge.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho, Nevada, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Tieton River, Cotton 447; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 162; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 157; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 592: Wawawai, Elmer 780; Clarks Springs, Kreager 112. Cotton 702 from the Rattlesnake Mountains and a specimen collected by Vasey in 1889 represent a low spreading plant with broader leaves and bracts, probably a new subspecies. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 465 la. Collomia grandiflora diffusa (Mulford). Gilia grandiflora diffusa Mulford, Bot. Gaz. 192120. 1894. Type LocaLity: “Foothills about Boise City, Idaho.”’ Collected by Miss Mulford. Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1124; Leavenworth, Whited 240; North Yakima, Watt in 1895; Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 451; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 161; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Colfax, Hardwick; Pullman, Piper 1514. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Collomia linearis Nutt. Gen. 1: 126. 1818. Gilia linearis A. Gray, Proce, Am, Acad. 17: 223. 1882. TypE Locauiry: ‘Near the banks of the Missouri about the confluence of Shian River, and in the vicinity of the Arikaree village.” Rance: Manitoba to British Columbia, south to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 82, 1045; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892: Klickitat River, Flett 1227; White Salmon, Suksdorf 446; Tampico, Flett 1220; Almota Canyon, Hull 671; Wawawai, Lake 587; Snake River, Hunter 26; Pullman, Piper 1515 and July 21, 1893; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Areager 19; Clallam County, Elmer 2822; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 308; Coulee City, Piper 3849. ZONAL pistriputTion: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 3. Collomia aristella (A. Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 318. 1900. Gilia aristella A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 2': 408. 1886, Type Ltocauiry: “Northern part of California.’’ Collected by Greene. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1238; Klickitat River, near Mount Adams, Suksdorf 590; Flett 1228. 4. Collomia tenella A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 259. 1870. Gilia leptotes A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, 17: 223. 1882. Type tocaity: “Parley’s Peak, Utah.’? Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington to Nevada and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 350; Wenache, Whited 2625. 5. Collomia heterophylla Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2895. 1829. Gilia heterophylla Dougl. Bot. Mag. 56: under pl. 2895. 1829, as synonym. Tyee tocauity: “About Fort Vancouver,’ Washington. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 151; Seattle, Piper, July 14, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 10; Nisqually Valley, Allen 65; Montesano, Heller 4057; Port Ludlow, Binns; Fidalgo Island, Lyall; Fort Vancouver, Scouler; Mount Rainier, Flett 2120; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; without locality, Cooper; Clallam County, Elmer 2821. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Collomia debilis (S. Wats.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 127. 1887. Gilia debilis S. Wats. Am. Nat. 7: 302. 1873. Gilia larseni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 146. 1878. Type Locauiry: ‘“Utah.’’ Collected by Wheeler. Rance: Washington to Montana, California, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 456; Flett 30; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 968; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 450; Flett 1223; Henderson, August 9, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 29418—06 M——30 466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. POLEMONIUM. Annual; corolla white, nearly rotate... ........2222222.2.2.--- 1. P. micranthum. Perennials; corolla blue, campanulate. Stems erect, 60 to 90 em. tall. Leaflets oblong-ovate... 22.2. .2202200200.-00000.22-.- 2. P. coeruleum. Leaflets linear... +22... 22-2 2222-000-0-00-000.0-00-000.22--- 3. P. pectinatum. Stems low, 5 to 30 cm. high. Densely cespitose, 5 to 10 em. high. Viscid-glandular throughout; flowers violet with yellow eye.... 222222222200 2 ee 4. P. elegans. Less viscid, sparsely pilose throughout; flowers white or pale blue...... 2... 2.2222222.2.-.....- 5. P. viscosum pilosum. Loosely cespitose, 15 to 30 em. high, scarcely glandular. Leaflets oval or oblong, less than 1 em. long... .. .- - 6. P. humile. ' Leaflets lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long. ...........-. 7. P. amoenum. 1. Polemonium micranthum Benth. in DC. Prod. 9: 318. 1845. Type Locauity: “Ad flum. Columbia.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1025, 20; North Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Sunnyside, Cotton 322; Coupeville, Gardner 209; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 13; Pullman, Piper; Hull 589; Wawawai, Piper 1521; Walla Walla, Brandegee 972. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 2. Polemonium coeruleum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 162. 1753. Polemonium occidentale Greene, Pittonia 2:75. 1890. Tyre Locariry: ‘Habitat in Europae, Asiae, Americae septentrionalibus. Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper 2251. The P. foliosissimum? of Suksdorf’s list is based on a specimen similar to Piper 2251 and from the same region. The specimens from Mount Adams are not quite identical with those from Marshall Junction, and further material may show them to be distinct. Professor Greene maintains that the so-called P. coeruleum of the Pacific coast differs from the European plant in having horizontal rootstocks. Unfortunately too few of the specimens have the underground parts preserved to judge this character fairly. 3. Polemonium pectinatum Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 10. 1884, Tyre vocauiry: “In the eastern part of Washington Territory.” Collected by Hilgard. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 105; Spokane County, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1892; eastern Washington, Hilgard in 1882; without locality, Wilkes Expedition. 4. Polemonium elegans Greene, Pittonia 3: 305. 1898 (April 8). Polemonium bicolor Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 262. 1898 (April 15). Tyre Locauity: “In volcanic sand at 9000 feet altitude on Mt. Rainier, Washington.” Collected by Piper. RANGE: Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2129; Smith 780; Allen 62, 294; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 79; Howell in 1882; Henderson 2411; Flett 1243. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 467 5. Polemonium viscosum pilosum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898 Type Locatity: “In clefts of rock on Goat Mountain, Washington, altitude 1540 m.’ Collected by Allen. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountain near Mount Rainier, Allen 261, J 6. Polemonium humile Roem. & Schult. Syst. 4: 792. 1819. Polemonium pulchellum Bunge; Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 1: 233. 1829. Polemonium humile pulchellum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 150. 1884. Type Locauity: ‘In Siberiae orientalis maritimis arenosis.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 680; Wenache Mountains, Whited, August 13, 1896; Elmer 456; Wenache Region, Brandegee 970; Mount Rainier, Piper 2107; Allen 262; Smith 779; Klickitat River, Flett 1244; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Blue Mountains, Piper 2326; locality unknown, Vasey 410; Clallam County, Elmer 2819. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Polemonium amoenum Piper, Erythea 7: 174. 1899. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Humptulips, Chehalis County, Wash.’”’ Collected by F. H. Lamb. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Humptulips, Lamb 1178; Humptulips Prairie, Conard 98. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Wareruesar Faminry. Leaves all basal; peduncles 1-flowered........---. 2-2-2 ----- CapNoREA (p. 467). Leaves not all basal. Styles entire... 2.222222 22 ee eee eee RoMANzorria (p. 468), Styles 2-cleft. Corolla convolute in bud; placentae broad. Perennials; stamens exserted -..........-.-.--- HypropuyLium (p. 468). Annuals; stamens included .........-...-.----- NEMOPHILA (p. 469). Corolla imbricated in bud; placentae narrow. Flowers in a scorpioid cyme ....-.---.--------- PuHace Lia (p. 470). Flowers solitary in the leafy forks of the stem.... CoONANTHUS (p. 472). CAPNOREA. Corolla campanulate..... 2222-20222 20-2-500 00 ee eee ee eee 1. C. lasiantha. Corolla saucer-shape. Leaves glabrous, except on the margins. Calyx lobes very unequal...-.....-. 2.22.2. --------------- 2. ©. fulerata. Calyx lobes subequal. ...-...-.....-.---.-.----------------- 3. C. pumila. Leaves pubescent beneath. Pubescence appressed........-- 2-5-5). ee ee eee eee 4. villosula. Pubescence not appressed......-.-----.--------------------- 0. ©. hartella. 1. Capnorea lasiantha Greene, Pittonia 5: 47. 1902. Capnorea macilenta Greene, op. cit. 48. Type Locauity: Eastern Washington, without station. Collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 66; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May, 1898; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leaberg 52; Rock Creek, Paper 2793; Pasco, Hindshaw 23; Coulee City, Piper 8864, without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wenas River, Cotton 916. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION; Arid Transition. 468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 2. Capnorea fulcrata Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902. Type Locauity: “From somewhere in the State of Washington.” Collected by G. R. Vasey. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Vasey in 1889; without locality, Brandegee 979 in part; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1234. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Capnorea pumila (Dougl.) Greene, Erythea 2: 193. 1894. Villarsia pumila Dougl.; Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 22:70. 1838. Hesperochiron pumilus Porter; Hayden, Geol. Rep. 768. 1872. Capnorea nervosa Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902. Tyre Locauity: ‘“ Amer. boreali occ.’ Collected by Douglas in 1829. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner R105; B354; without locality, Suksdorf in 1878. An authentic Douglasian specimen of Villarsia pumila in the Gray Herbarium is the same as Capnorea nervosa Greene. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Capnorea villosula Greene, Pittonia 5: 52. 1902. Tyre Locatiry: Pullman, Washington. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Elmer 1001; Piper 1698. ZONAL bistRipuTION: Arid Transition. 5. Capnorea hirtella Greene, Pittonia 5: 51. 1902. Tyre Locatity: ‘ Wet prairies of Eastern Washington.”’ Collected by Howell. ~ 4 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Eastern Washington, //owell April, 1890. ROMANZOFFIA. 1. Romanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 158. 18382. Type LOcALity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2233; Silverton, Bouck 149 (pedicels glandular!); Bridge Creek, Elmer 690; Mount Baker, Flett 863; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; Mount Rainier, Fett 229; Goat Mountains, Allen 236. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. HYDROPHYLLUM. Warervrar. Flowers in dense clusters; leaf lobes obtuse......-.........2.2.0.----- 1. H. capitatum. Flowers in loose clusters; leaf lobes usually acutish. Calyx lobes pubescent on the back and ciliate with long, soft hairs; leaves with 5 to 9 scattered segments, paler beneath ....-....- -- - 2. H. albifrons. Calyx lobes glabrous on the back, hirsute-ciliate, basal leaves with 5 approximate segments........-.-...---.------------------- 3. H. tenuipes. 1. Hydrophyllum capitatum Dougl., Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 273. 1837. Type Locariry: ‘In the interior of the Columbia in Northwest America.”’ Collected by Douglas. Ranae: Washington and Idaho to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, lett 1249; Simcoe Hills, Howell, June, 1879; without locality, Vasey in 1859; Wenache, Whited 23, Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Lewberg 45, Pullman, Elmer 1002; Moore, May, 1893; Paper 1893, 1696. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 469 2. Hydrophyllum albifrons Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 267. 1898. Hydrophyllum congestum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 136. 1899. Type Locatity: Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 658; Okanogan County, Whited 222; Silverton, Bouck 159; Mount Rainier, Piper 2124; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 453, 591; Henderson 685; Goat Mountains, Allen 232; Klickitat River, Flett 1250; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper 1697; Hull 773; Blue Mountains, Horner 3351; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 11834. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. This species is very close to H. fendleri (A. Gray) Heller, to which it has been referred. The plant called H. macrophyllum Nutt. in Cooper’s Report is probably H. albifrons, which has also been confused with H. occidentale (S. Wats.) A. Gray, a species of more southern range. The type specimen of H. congestum Wiegand really came from Mount Rainier (Mount Tacoma) and not from Tacoma as published. 3. Hydrophyllum tenuipes Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 582. 1898. TypPe Loca.ity: Montesano, Washington. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3853; Hoquiam, Lamb 1140; Clallam County, Elmer 2831; Ilwaco, Piper 5000; Seattle, Piper 260, 3020; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 16, 1902; Tacoma, Flett 1768; Quinault, Conard 134; without locality, Wilkes Expe- dition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Two quite distinct forms of this species occur, but satisfactory characters to separate them are not evident. The coast form like Piper’s 5000 has dark blue flowers on long peduncles, and thick leaves coarsely and doubly crenate-dentate, while the form away from the imme- diate coast has thinner leaves, simply dentate, and pale flowers on shorter peduncles. Hydrophyllum tenuipes has heretofore been referred to H. virginicum L. NEMOPHILA. Corolla campanulate, bluish...........-.-2....2.-2---..-2-2-------- 1. N. sepulta. Corolla tubular or tubular-campanulate, white. : Leaves mostly alternate; corolla shorter than calyx_.........-..- 2. N. breviflora. Leaves mostly opposite; corolla equaling the calyx or longer. Seeds mostly 6 to 8 per capsule; leaves oblong.............. 3. NV. peduneculata. Seeds mostly 4 per capsule; leaves ovate......-.-.-.------- 4. N. parviflora. 1. Nemophila sepulta Parish, Erythea 7: 93. 1899. Nemophila densa Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 466. 1901. Nemophila minuti flora Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903. Nemophila menziesii minutiflora Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133, 1900. Nemophila reticulata Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 14: 22. 1903. Nemophila erosa Suksdorf, op. cit. 23. Type LocaLity: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 684, 397; Bingen, Suksdorf 2198; Clarke County, Suksdorf 2315. 2. Nemophila breviflora A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 315. 1875. Type Locaity: ‘Mountains of Utah.” Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington to Montana, Wyoming, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, //enderson, June 14, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1881; Klickitat River, lett 1013; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Nemophila pedunculata Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 18387. Type Locatity: “On the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2637, 2638. 4. Nemophila parviflora Dougl.; Benth. Linn. Trans. 17: 275. 1837. Tyre Locauity: “From the Columbia.’”” Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2830; Whidby Island, Gardner 395; Seattle, Piper in 1885; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 61; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Vancouver, Piper 4940. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PHACELIA. Leaves entire or with a few much smaller lateral lobes. Flowers bright blue, rather large. Low, branched from the base; ovules only 4......-.-.------ 1. P. humilis. Taller, erect; ovules 10 or more_......-.--.--------------- 2. P. linearis. Flowers white or bluish, small. Herbage canescent.....-.---.-.-.-.--------------------- 3. P. heterophylla. Herbage green, hirsute... .- - - Le ee ee eee ee ee eee 4. P. nemoralis. Leaves pinnately cleft into narrow subequal lobes. Annual; stems erect.........-.---------------+-------------- 9. P. glandulifera. Perennials. Stems erect. Stems weak, reclining ..........-.----------------------- &. P. ramosissima. Leaves silky; inflorescence not glandular............... 5. P. sericea. Leaves green; inflorescence glandular. Calyx not ciliate; leaves not glandular. ........--- 6. P. procera. Calyx ciliate; leaves glandular. .........--------- 7. P. lenta. ro 1. Phacelia humilis Torr. & Gr. Pac. R. Rep. 2: 122. 1855-57. Type Locatity: “Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada, California.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2541; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 352; Yakima region, Brandegee 974; Wenache, Whited 1103, 35; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holzinger, Contr. Nat. Herb, 3: 242. 1895. Phacelia menziesii Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 252. 1871. Hydrophyllum lineare Pursh, Fl. 1: 134. 1814. Eutoca menziesii R. Br. in Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ, 764. 1823. Eutoca multiflora Doug].; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1180. 1828. Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Missouri. April.’ Collected by Lewis. The specimen in the Philadelphia Academy bears the label “Rocky Camp, April 17, 1806.” This spot is on the Dalles of the Columbia, and it is probable that Pursh has made an error. Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 210; Mount Adams, Flett 1247; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 330; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Pasco, Piper 2958; Hindshaw 24; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 116; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Almota, Piper 1695; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 566; Elmer 782. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 471 3. Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, F]. 1: 140. 1814. Phacelia hastata Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 20. 1830. Type Locaity: “On dry hills on the banks of the Kooskooskee,” Idaho. Collected by Lewis. Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Wenache, Whited 23, 1129; Ellensburg, Elmer 388; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 567; Pasco, Hindshaw 24: Spokane, Henderson 2564; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 567; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 475; Clarks Springs, Areager 116; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 445; Clallam County, Elmer 28297; “ North Branch of the Columbia,” Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Phacelia nemoralis Greene, Pittonia, 1: 141. 1887. Tyree Loca.ity: “Common in the hills behind Oakland and Berkeley, California.” Rance: Washington to California, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis County, Lamb 1161; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854; Montesano, Heller 3923; Silverton, Bouck 148; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Horse- shoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 25, 1892: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Columbia River, Scouler; Puget Sound, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 823. 1875. ' Eutoca sericea Graham; Hook. Bot. Mag. 57: pl. 3003. 1880. Tyre LocaLity: “Rocky Mountains, North America.’’ Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, southward to Colorado and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, “mer 2827; Mount Steele, Piper 2229; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Puyallup Glacier, Flett 265; Klickitat River, Flett 1248; Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; /lett 2174. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 6. Phacelia procera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 323. 1875. Tyre Locauiry: “Mountain meadows of the Sierra Nevada in Sierra and Nevada Coun- ties,’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Trout Lake, Suksdorf 412; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 334; Cleman Mountain, [enderson; near Wenache, Whited 146, 1160; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 500; Leavenworth, Savage 30. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 7. Phacelia lenta Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901. Type Loca.ity: “Bare hills of the Columbia River,” Washington. Collected by Bran-- degee. ; Rance: Eastern Washington. Known only by the type specimen. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Brandegee 976. 8. Phacelia ramosissima Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 21. 1830. Type LocaLity: None given. According to Hooker: ‘ Dry rocky plains of the Columbia near Priests Rapid and at the Stony Island.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Orondo, Whited 196; near Priest Rapids, Brandegee 975; Wenache, Whited 1304, 1375; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 288; Soap Lake, McKay 1. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 9. Phacelia glandulifera, sp. nov. Annual, branched from the base, 5 to 30 cm. high, hispid, and glandular throughout ; leaves oblong, pinnately parted into 11 to 15 narrow divisions, these acutish and mostly 2 to 6- lobed; calyx lobes spatulate-oblanceolate, obtuse, entire or rarely bearing a single lobe, hispid and glandular, about 6 mm. long in flower, becoming twice as long and remaining erect in fruit; corolla pale violet, campanulate-funnelform, 6 mm. long, barely exceeding the calyx, 15-nerved, its rounded lobes 1.5 mm. long, the crests very obscure or wanting; stamens included, the slender filaments subulate, unequally inserted toward the base, the white anthers cordate-reniform; style 2-cleft at apex; stigmas capitate; capsule oblong, 5 to 6 mm. long, obtuse, sparsely hispidulous; seeds about 12, angular, lanceolate-oblong, beautifully tuberculate in transverse rows, 1.7 mm. long. This plant has long been confused with P. ivesiana Torr. of the Great Basin region south- ward, though attention was called to its distinctness long since.a P. ivesiana differs in having its herbage more hispid and nearly glandless, and in having broader, obtuse, mostly entire leaf lobes, glandless calyx, and more deeply corrugated seeds. SPECIMENS EXAMINED; Washington—Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 306, June, 1893; Pasco, Piper 2954, May 25, 1899 (type); same locality, Henderson 2540; Morgan’s Ferry, Yakima County, Suksdorf 398. Oregon—Sage Plains, Howell, June 16, 1885; Ontario, Leiberg 2015; Guano Ranch, Coville & Leiberg 5, July 24, 1896; eastern Oregon, Cusick 1670. Idaho—without locality, Hayden in 1872; Big Butte Station, Palmer 590; Blue Lakes, Palmer 65. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. CONANTHUS. 1. Conanthus parviflorus Greenman, Erythea 7: 117. 1899. Gilia hismda Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898, not Conanthus hispidus Heller nor Nama hismda A. Gray. 1862. Type Locauity: ‘Oregon in sandy soil of the Malheur.” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Morgan’s Ferry, Suksdorf 390; Wallula, Brandegee 978; Pasco, Piper 2968; Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Henderson 2402; Piper, July 10, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Washington specimens referred to Nama demissum A. Gray and Conanthus aretioides Wats. belong to this species. BORAGINACEAE. Borace Famity. Ovary undivided, sometimes 2 to 4-grooved; style terminal. Style entire; stigma peltate........ 22222222222 ee HetioTropium (p. 473). Style 2-cleft; stigmas capitate...........22222222222-.. COLDENIA (p. 474). Ovary 4-parted; the style arising from between the parts. Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. Nutlets erect, prickly on the margins and sometimes on the back... 2... 22222.22222222.222.--.--.-. Lapputa (p. 474). Nutlets spreading, prickly all over..... 2.2.2.2... CyYNOGLOssUM (p. 476). Nutlets not armed with barbed prickles, Calyx much enlarged and membranous in fruit...... AsPERUGO (p. 476). Calyx not much enlarged nor membranous in fruit. Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform, blue .... MERTENSIA (p. 476). Corolla funnelform -or rotate. Nutlets erect attached by the very base, Racemes bractless; corolla rotate; roots slender... 222-222-2222 eee Myosortis (p. 486). a Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 4: 159. 1893. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 473 Racemes bracteate; corolla funnelform; roots thick........-.-..-.--------- Li THosPERMUM (p. 486). Nutlets erect or oblique, attached above the base, a more or less prominent fruiting receptacle (gynobase). Corolla yellow or orange, with naked open throat...........--.-------.- AMmsINncKIA (p. 480). Corolla white or blue with throat more or less fornicate—that is, bearing prominent swellings. Nutlets very flat and thin, attached above the middle, the margins spinulose.........------------ PrcrocaRYA (p. 482). Nutlets thick, attached at or below the middle. Perennials. Corolla blue; nutlets ob- lique, the dorsal surface with an acute, entire or spiny margin. ....-..- ERITRICHIUM (p. 480). Corolla white or whitish; nutlets ovate-trigonous. OrEocarRya (p. 481). Annuals. Calyx cireumscissile. .... - Prproca.yx (p. 481). Calyx not circumscissile. Gynobase — elongate, the nutlets attached by one-third their length or more. ... CRYPTANTHE (p. 483). Gynobase low. Nutlets oblique or incurved, at- tached about the middle by a caruncle-like process; leaves all alternate... PLaGroBoruRys (p. 482). Nutlets attached just inside the base; lower leaves opposite ALLOCARYA (p. 485). HELIOTROPIUM. 1. Heliotropium curassavicum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753. ? Heliotropium chenopodioides Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 175, 1809. Type cocauity: “In Americae calidioris maritimis.” Rance: Washington to Virginia and southward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 339; Walla Walla, Lyall, June, 1860; Waitsburg, Horner 379; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Wallula, Cotton 10744. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. COLDENIA. 1. Coldenia nuttallii Hook. Journ. Bot. & Kew Misc. 3: 296. 1851. Tiquilia parvifolia Nutt.; Hook. loc. cit. as synonym. Tyre Locatiry: “Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 343; Kennewick, Piper, July 10, 1897; Pasco, Elmer 1061; Henderson, June, 1892; without locality, Brandegee 982. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. LAPPULA. Annuals; scar of the nutlets linear. Lateral prickles of the fruit free........ 222.222.2222 eee 8. L. occidentalis. Lateral prickles of the fruit united.........22222.-2.- 2.200... 9. L. eupulata. Perennials; scar of nutlets triangular or ovate. Lateral prickles united for about half their length. Corolla greenish, the lobes broadest at base................... 6. L. hispida. Corolla blue, the lobes narrowest at base..................... 7. L. eiliata. Lateral prickles of the fruit free to the base or nearly so, Swellings in throat of corolla pubescent. Flowers white; pubescence, harsh, appressed.............~ 1. L. arida. Flowers blue; pubescence soft, not appressed............. 2. L. saratilis. Swellings in throat of corolla not pubescent. Flowers white; swellings as long as broad................ 5. L. hendersoni. Flowers blue; swellings broader than long. Corolla 4 to6 mm. broad... .. 2.22 2222222.-..2 22... 3. L. floribunda. Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad. .......2..2-........-.-.- 4. L. diffusa. 1. Lappula arida Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 44. 1901. Lappula cottoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 549. 1902. TYPE Locauity: Ellensburg, Washington. RanGE: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896 and 1047; Ellensburg, Elmer 385; Whited 324; Piper 2676; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 595; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 277; Coulee City, Piper 3840; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 173; Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 126; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 360, 579, 650. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Lappula saxatilis Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 541. 1902. Type Locaity: “Rocky sides of canons, Klickitat River, Wash.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. Not otherwise known. 3. Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2 : 182. 1891. Echinospermum floribundum Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830. Typr Locauity: “Lake Pentanguishene to the Rocky Mountains,” collected by Drum- mond, according to Hooker. Range: Washington to Saskatchewan, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 986. 4. Lappula diffusa (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Echinospermum diffusum Lehm. Pug. 2: 23. 1830. TyPE Locauity: “N. W. America,” collected by Douglas, according to Hooker. Rance: British Columbia to California, Montana, and Utah. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 475 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1258; mountains near Ellensburg, Piper 2669; upper Yakima River, Lyall in 1860; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 592; Feit 1011: Blue Mountains, Horner 121, 341; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. Lappula hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 539. 1902. Type Ltocauiry: “Clemens Mountains, Yakima County, Washington.” Collected by Henderson. Rance: Eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June, 1881; Upper Yakima, Lyall in 1860: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892. 6. Lappula hispida (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Echinospermum diffusum hispidum A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 17: 225. 1882. Echinospermum hispidum A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 2': 422, 1886. Type Locauity: Rocky hillsides of Pine Creek near the mouth, Union County, Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Northeastern Oregon and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Asotin County, Sheldon in 1897. 7. Lappula ciliata (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 182. 1891. Cynoglossum ciliatum Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 24. 1830. Echinospermum eiliatum A, Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 17: 225. 1882. Tyre Locauity: “Kettle Falls and Spokane River, Washington.” Collected by Douglas. RanGe: Spokane and Stevens counties, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chewelah, John K. Ely 55; Spokane, Dewart, May 6, 1901: Piper 2292; Henderson, June, 1892; Spokane and Kettle Falls, Douglas in 1826; Clarks Springs, Areager 95. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Lappula occidentalis (S. Wats.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 329. 1900. Echinospermum redowskii occidentale 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 246. 1871. Lappula fremontii Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 480. 1901. Type tocauity: “In the valleys and on the mountains from the Sierras to the Wahsatch.” Rance; Alaska to Minnesota and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; Wenache, Whited 32, 1048, 1226; Ellensburg, Elmer 430: Whited 342, 389; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1034; Pasco, HTindshaw 17; Piper 2952; Spokane, Piper 2691; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 174;. Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407; Kalis- pel Lake, Areager 441; Meyers Falls, Areager 502; North Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892: Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 35; Davis Lake, Kreager 441; Meyers Falls, Areager 502; Wenache, Whited, April 15, 1902; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 407. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. A specimen collected at Spokane (Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 928) was erroneously determined and listed as Lappula lappula (L.) Karst. 9. Lappula cupulata (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 31. 1901. Echinospermum redowskii cupulatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 530. 1876. Lappula columbiana A. Nelson, Bot. Gaz. 34: 28. 1902. Type Locauity: Trinity Mountains, Nevada. Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Almota, Piper 1703. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. Our plant is identical with the type of L. cupulata. a Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 242, 1895, 476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, CYNOGLOSSUM. 1. Cynoglossum grande Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 25. 1830. Type Locatiry: “Shady Woods, N. W. Coast.” Collected by Douglas. RANGE: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Svksdorf 92; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie. ASPERUGO. 1. Asperugo procumbens IL. Sp. Pl. 1: 138. 1753. Type Locatity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2721. MERTENSIA. Plants tall and leafy, 50 to 100 em. high, the leaves thin and broad. Leaves glabrous on both sides or merely papillose above; calyx smooth on the back. Calyx lobes elongate, acute, much longer than the fruit. Leaves few, green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish 2222.22 2. 2222 le --- 1. M. infirma. Leaves many, pallid, ovate, acuminate .......... 2. M. laevigata. Calyx lobes short and obtuse, or triangular and acute, not longer than the fruit. Leaves acute, mostly sessile; calyx lobes obtuse... 3. M. ambigua. Leaves acuminate, short-petioled; calyx lobesacute. 4. M. brachycal ya. Leaves pilose beneath. Upper leaf surface strigose. Calyx lobes canescent ........2.2....222-2---.. 5. M. membranacea. Calyx lobes not canescent. Dorsal surface of calyx lobes glabrous ....... 6. M. paniculata. Dorsal surface of calyx lobes pubescent. ..... 7. M. platyphylla. Upper leaf surface smooth or merely papillose. Calyx lobes pubescent on back. .........2-...-.. 8. M. subcordata. Calyx lobes glabrous on back... ...............- 9. M. leptophylla. Plants low, 15 to 40 cm. high, the leaves narrow or thickish, Roots tuberous or fasciculate-tuberous, shallow-seated; basal leaves, none. Leaves glabrous or merely papillose above. Herbage not glaucous .-.............2.2-22-.-.. 10. M. mulchella. Herbage glaucous. ...................-...-.... 10a. M. pulchella glauca. Leaves strigose above. Corolla tube 3 or 4 times as long as the limb... ... 11. M. oblongifolia. Corolla tube once or twice as long as the limb .... 12. M. horneri. Roots not tuberous, vertical; basal leaves numerous, their dry bases persistent on the crown. Leaves pubescent on both sides..................... 13. M. pubescens. Leaves not pubescent on both sides. Leaves glabrous on both sides............-..---, 14. M. nutans. Leaves strigillose above .............-.----..... 14a. M. nutang subcaiva. 1. Mertensia infirma sp. nov. Glabrous throughout except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems weak, erect or nearly so, 50 to 60 cm. high; basal and lower cauline leaves oblanceolate : PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 477 obtuse, the blades 5 to 7 cm. long, shorter than the margined petioles; middle and upper cauline leaves lanceolate, acute or acutish, 5 to 10 cm. long, narrowed toward the base, sessile or short-petioled; inflorescence rather open, the bracts foliaceous; petioles slender, papillate near the calyx; calyx divided nearly to the base, the lance-oblong lobes smooth excepting the appressed-ciliate margin, about one-third as long as the corolla-tube; corolla bright blue, about 18 mm. long, the ampliate limb distinctly shorter than the tube; fila- ments dilated, longer than the anthers; fruit not seen. In damp thickets, Ellensburg, April 25, 1897, Kirk Whited 307. This species is allied to M. intermedia Rydberg, but is at once distinguished by the larger corolla with relatively longer tube. The type is in the U.S. National Herbarium (sheet no. 366088) . 2. Mertensia laevigata sp. nov. Stems stout, erect, more or less glaucous, 40 to 90 cm. high; leaves pale or glaucescent, numerous, the cauline ovate, acuminate, glabrous or somewhat papillate above, glabrous beneath, ciliate on the margin, 5 to 7 cm. long, short-petioled; inflorescence loose, the pedicels appressed-pubescent or muriculate; calyx divided nearly to the base, its lobes lance-oblong, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back, over half as long as the corolla tube; corolla blue, 14mm. long, the somewhat ampliate limb as long as the tube; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers; nutlets finely muriculate, pale, the scar of attachment central. The following specimens are referred here: Goat Mountains, 0. D. Allen, no. 231, July 22 1896; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116, altitude 2,000 m., August 15, 1895; type sheet no. 33691 in U.S. National Herbarium; Klickitat River, //ett 1199, June 27, 1899; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1195, August, 1898; ‘California Bob’? Peak, Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1383, August 4, 1897: Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June 6, 1899; Mount Rainier, Piper 2116. 3. Mertensia ambigua sp. nov. t Stems glabrous and leafy, about 60 cm. high; leaves thin, acute, more or less papillose above, sparsely scabrous-ciliate on the margins, the lower cauline lanceolate or lance-ovate, 8 or 10 cm. long, on petioles of nearly equal length, the middle and upper cauline oblong or oblong-ovate, or the uppermost ovate and sessile: inflorescence loose and open; pedicels muriculate; calyx short, its lobes oblong, scarcely broader at base, mostly obtuse, smooth on the back, ciliate, only one-fifth as long as the corolla tube, and in fruit exceeded by the nutlets; corolla blue, 12 mm. long, the tube about twice as long as the slightly enlarged throat; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers; nutlets pale, distinctly keeled on the back, slightly tuberculate, the triangular scar central. Collected by G. R. Vasey in the Cascade Mountains of central Washington in 1889. The type sheet is in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 296759. 4. Mertensia brachycalyx sp. nov. Whole plant glabrous except the ciliate margins of the leaves and calyx lobes; stems stout, erect, leafy, a meter or more high; leaves bright green, lance-ovate, or the lower cauline lanceolate, smooth beneath, usually papillose above, 5 to 10 cm. long, the lower ones petioled; inflorescence leafy and open, the flowers in small clusters subtended by a pair of leafy bracts on slender branches; calyx small, glabrous, the short triangular acute lobes often unequal; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long, the tube as long as the strongly ampliate throat: filaments dilated, much shorter than the anthers; fruit whitish, nearly smooth, convex on back. Collected near Nason Creek, Chelan County, at an altitude of 1,400 meters by Sandberg & Leiberg, no. 678, August 14, 1893, the type in the U.S. National Herbarium. 5. Mertensia membranacea Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 33. 1901. TYPE Locaity: Priest River, Idaho. Rance: Idaho and adjacent Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Davis Ranch near Mount Carlton, Kreager 202, 216. 478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 6. Mertensia paniculata (Ait.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 318. 1838, Puimonaria paniculata Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 181. 1789. TypPE Locauiry: Hudson Bay. Rance: Alaska to Hudson Bay, Minnesota and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Areager 190. 7. Mertensia platyphylla Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 548. 1899. Lithospermum denticulatum Lehm. Asper. 2: 294. 1818. TyPE LocaLity: Montesano, Washington. Collected by Heller. Rance: Western Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3872; New London, Lamb 1168; Skokomish River, Kincaid, May 16, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. According to Hooker the type of Lithospermum denticulatum Lehm. was collected in ‘Shady woods near the confluence of the Columbia with the sea. Douglas. Mr. Tolmie.” It has usually been considered a synonym of Mertensia sibirica 1.., but it probably will prove it to be M. platyphylla Heller. 8. Mertensia subcordata Greene, Pittonia 4: 89. 1899. TyPE Locatity: Roseburg, Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Henderson 2259; Mount Stuart, Whited 796; Blue Mountains, Horner 367; Lake & Hull 639; Piper, July 17, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 9. Mertensia leptophylla sp. nov. Stems glabrous, stout, erect, a meter or more high; leaves ovate, acute, pilose beneath, glabrous above, ciliate, very thin, the blades 6 to 10 cm. long, all on margined petioles 1 to 3.cm. long; inflorescence loose; pedicels with spreading pubescence; calyx parted nearly to base, the lobes narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back; corolla blue, about 12 mm. long, the slightly enlarged throat as long as the tube; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers. Known only from the Olympic Mountains of Clallam County, the type collected by Elmer, no. 2826, July 1900, sheet no. 402139 in the U. S. National Herbarium. The plant was also collected on Mount Storm King by Lawrence, no. 359, July 23, 1904. 10. Mertensia pulchella sp. nov. Stems erect, solitary or rarely two, glabrous, 15 to 20 cm. high: tubers shallow-seated, simple or fasciculate-branched, black; leaves green, elliptic or ovate, mostly obtuse, thickish, glabrous beneath, more or less papillose above, scabrous-ciliate, the lower nar- rowed at base and short-petioled, the middle and upper ones ovate, sessile, often half- clasping, 2 to 10 cm. long; lowest leaves much reduced, scarious; flowers in a close cluster, usually 10 to 15; calyx parted nearly to the base, the lobes oblong-lanceolate very acute, denticulate; corolla blue, its tube three to four times as long as the calyx and nearly as broad as the ampliate limb; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers; nutlets small, dark gray, finely muriculate, attached by a pale and prominent scar, inclosed in the tube of the much enlarged fruiting calyx. The following collections have been examined: Idaho: On the lower Clearwater River, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal, 75 and 75a, April 30, 1892 (type sheet in U. S. National Herbarium, no. 213037); without locality, Rev. G. Ainslee in 1874; Henderson, April 21, 1894; Lake Waha, Nez Perces County, Heller, June 2, 1896; Lewiston, Byron Hunter, 11, March 31, 1900. All the above specimens are from Idaho, close to the Washington line,so that the species doubtless occurs within our limits. to PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 47 10a. Mertensia pulchella glauca subsp. nov. Herbage slightly glaucous throughout; leaves narrower, usually elliptic, mostly nar-_ rowed at base; stems often 2 to 4 from the same tuber; corolla tube more slender. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hills west of Wenache, Whited 1010, March 31, 1899; type sheet no. 366511 in the U.S. National Herbarium; Badger Mountain, Whited, May 24, 1900. This may well prove a distinct species, but in the light of rather scanty material is con- sidered too close to M. pulchella. 11. Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 4: 372. 1838. Pulmonaria oblongifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 43. 1834. Mertensia longiflora Greene, Pittonia 3: 261. 1898. Type Locairy: “Towards the sources of the Columbia River.’ Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington, Idaho, Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; Upper Columbia, Geyer 316; Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 48; Spokane, Lyall in 1861; Henderson in 1892; Wenache, Whited 1010; Pullman, Piper 1875; Almota, Piper, April 7, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1883. 12. Mertensia horneri sp. nov. Stems 8 to 15 cm. high, glabrous, solitary or rarely 2 or 3, erect. from a shallow-seated oblong, black tuber; basal leaves none; cauline 2 to 5, oblong, obtuse, pale and some- what glaucous, appressed puberulent above, glabrous beneath, sessile, or the lower ones short-petioled, 2 to 3 em. long; lowest leaves reduced and scarious: inflorescence close: calyx glaucous, parted nearly to the base, its lobes oblong-lanceolate, very acute, denticu- Jate-ciliate on the margin; corolla blue, 10 to 12 mm. long, its tube about twice as long as the calyx; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Washington, Prof. R. M. Horner 366, April 3, 1897, the type in the U.S. National Herbarium, sheet no. 318875; Union County, Oregon, Cusick, 1830, April 13, 1898. 13. Mertensia pubescens sp. nov. Tufted from a stout vertical caudex covered with the dead bases of old leaves; stems 10 to 15cm. high, leafy to the top; leaves numerous, the cauline inclined to be secund, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, only the midrib evident, 3 to 6 em. long, mostly about 5 mm. wide, pubescent on both surfaces, the basal ones attenuate into margined petioles about as long as the blades, the cauline sessile and but little reduced upwards; panicle short, dense, nodding; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, coarsely ciliate, glabrous on the back, a third to a fourth as long as the corolla tube; corolla blue, the narrow tube 6 to 8 mm. long, one-half longer than the campanulate limb; filaments dilated, as long as the anthers. Collected near Waterville, Douglas County, by Airk Whited, 1214, April 23, 1900, the type sheet in the U.S. National Herbarium no. 370326. Closely allied to M.amoena A. Nelson and JV. bakeri Greene, but distinguished by its narrow more pubescent leaves and longer corollas. 14. Mertensia nutans Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 491. 1901. Type Locariry: “On the north side of high ridges, eastern Oregon and Washington.” The type specimen 1s from Klickitat County, Washington. RanGe: Washington and Oregon to Idaho and ? Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Granddalles, Gorman, April 20, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell, May, 1880; Wenache, Whited 1034; Ellensburg, Whited, April 18, 1897. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 14a. Mertensia nutans subcalva subsp. nov. Leaves minutely strigose above; otherwise as in VM. nutans. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, J. S. Cotton, 328, April 29, 1901. 480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. MERTENSIA MARITIMA (L.) S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. Pl. 2: 354. 1821. (Pulmonaria maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 136. 1753.) This species is said by A. Gray @ to occur on the coast of Washington, and it is included in Suksdorf’s list. There are, however, no specimens in any of the American herbaria to substantiate the statement. ERITRICHIUM. 1. Eritrichium howardi (A.Gray) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 327. 1900. Omphalodes howard: A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 263. 1885. Cynoglossum howardi A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 188. 1878. . Type LocaLity: Rocky Mountains in Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Tweedy 130. AMSINCKIA. Nutlets not muriculate, the projections smooth and pavement-like; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse... ......---.------------------------------- 1. A. tessellata. Nutlets muriculate-scabrous. Erect; calyx lobes linear... .... 2.22... -----2-- 22 ee eee ee ee eee 2. A. intermedia. Spreading; calyx lobes lanceolate or ovate, two or three of them often united. ... 22.22.22. 22-22-22 2-22.02 eee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 3. A. lycopsoides. 1. Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 54. 1874. Type Locauiry: “Contra Costa mountains near Monte Diablo,” California. Rance: Washington to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited, June, 1896 and 44; Ellensburg, Piper,May 20, 1897; North Yakima, Piper 2785; Henderson 2558; Pasco, Piper 2971, 2977; Hindshaw 20; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 312; Coulee City, Piper 3847; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths & Cotton 489. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Amsinckia intermedia [isch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 26. 1835. Eutoca menziestt Lehm. Pug. 2: 29. 1830, not R. Br. 1823. Type Locauity: “Hab. cum sequente specie circa coloniam ruthenorum Ross in portu Bodega Novae Californiae.”’ Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall, May 10, 1858; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897; Port Ludlow, Binns; Ellensburg, Piper 2699; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 994, 2007, 390, 995; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 120; Douglas County, Spillman; Waitsburg, Horner 146, 147; Blue Mountains, Piper; Pullman, Hull 638; Elmer; Almota Piper 2786; Wawawai, Piper 1838; Colfax, Piper; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Meyers Falls, Kreager 479. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition, An exceedingly troublesome weed in grain fields of southeastern Washington, locally known as “‘tarweed.’”’ The species is extremely variable and Suksdorf segregates from it three proposed new species, A. arenaria,® A. retrorsa,¢ and A. nvcrantha.c The characters relied upon seem very slight and we question their value. 3. Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm.; DC. Prod. 10: 117. 1846. Lithospermum lycopsoides Lehm. Pug. 2: 28. 1830. Amsinckia lycopsoides bracteosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 198. 1878. Tyre LocaLity: “Straits of De Fuca, Scouler”’ according to Hooker. aSvyn. Fl. 2: 200, 1878. & Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 133. 1900. c Op. cit. 134. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 481 Rance: Vancouver Island to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Suksdorf 996; Puget Sound, Suckley; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 25, 1890; Clallam County, Elmer 2754; Fairhaven, Piper, July 3, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2275; without locality, Cooper in 1854. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The two forms distinguished by Doctor Gray are probably worthy of recognition, but unfortunately his subspecies bracteosa is clearly based on the original Lithospermum lycopsoides. PIPTOCALYX. 1. Piptocalyx circumscissus (Hook. & Arn.) Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 414. 1874. Lithospermum ¢ circumscissum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840. Echinospermum circumscissum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1875. Type Loca.ity: ‘Snake Fort, Snake Country,’ Idaho. Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 404; Sunnyside, Cotton 351; North Yakima, Henderson, May 26, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2966; Hindshaw 30; Ainsworth, Brande- gee 991; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 228. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. OREOCARYA. Corolla tube exceeding the calyx.........-.-...-.-. 22 22222222------- 1. O. leucophaea. Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx. Herbage not very hispid, but “evidedly canescent and the inflores- cence fulvescent..-......-- we -------e-e eee. 4.0. sericea. Herbage very hispid; “inflorescence not fulves escent. Inflorescence very dense; leaves obtuse...............-.----- 2. O. celosiowles. Inflorescence not very dense; leaves acute..........-.-.--.--- 3. O. spiculifera. 1. Oreocarya leucophaea (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887. Myosotis leucophaea Dougl.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830. Eritrichium leucophaeum A. DC. Prod. 10: 129. 1846. Krynitskia leucophaea A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2': 430. 1886. Type cocauity: ‘Arid barrens of the Columbia, and of its northern and southern tribu- taries.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 407; arid barrens of the Columbia, Douglas; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 93, 373; Scott, Leckenby, May 16, 1898; Pasco, Piper, July 11, 1897; Hindshaw 2; Elmer 1056; Piper 2987; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 997; Wallula, Cotton 1027. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Oreocarya celosioides Eastwood, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 240. 1903. Tyre Locaity: “From the banks of the Columbia, eastern Washington.” Collected by Howell. RANGE: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 440; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 359; near Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Klickitat, Howell, June, 1879; without locality, Brandegee 996. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species has been confused with O. glomerata (Pursh) Greene. 3. Oreocarya spiculifera sp. nov. Hii Tufted from a stout woody caudex, the whole plant pallid; basal leaves numerous, crowded, spatulate-oblanceolate, acute, only the midnerve evident, densely pubescent on 29418—O68 M 31 482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. both sides with fine appressed hairs, scattered among these and on the margins tout hyaline bristles; blades 1.5 to 2 cm. long, exceeding the margined petioles; cauline leaves few, similar to the basal ones, but with shorter petioles; flowering stems erect, simple, 20 to 30 cm. high, angled, pubescent like the leaves; inflorescence of 8 to 12 alternate, sub- equal, false racemes, floriferous to their bases, the bracts and calyx pubescent like the leaves, but the bristles more abundant; bracts linear-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the calyx; pedicels short, soft-hairy; calyx lobes lanceolate, in flower 5 to6 mm., in fruit 8 mm. long; corolla white, salver-form, its tube 5 mm. long, its limb 8 mm. broad; appendages triangular-ovate, obtuse, short; nutlets pale brown, dull, ovate, obtuse, 3 mm. Jong, each with a smooth, narrow margin, the back bluntly tuberculate, the ventral side rugose, the groove reaching nearly to the apex; gynobase longer than the nutlets. Type in the National Herbarium, collected at Ritzville, Adams County, by Sandberg & Leiberg (no. 164), June 6, 1893. 4. Oreocarya sericea (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58. 1887. Krynitskia sericea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 279. 1885. Type Locatity: ‘Alpine and subalpine on the mountains from Colorado and Utah to Oregon and Montana and probably in the British Possessions.” Range: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1099; Spokane, Piper 2294; Henderson 2563. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PECTOCARYA. Nutlets oblong, the wings undulate..........2...2.22..-..2-.-.----- 1. P. penicillata. Nutlets obovate, the wings entire or wanting. Nutlets with a thin scarious wing........-...-.-...-.---.------- 2. P. setosa. Nutlets wingless...............-2-22--22.---2-2----2-2--2------- 3. P. pusilla. 1. Pectocarya penicillata (Hook. & Arn.) A. DC. Prod. 10: 120. 1846. Cynoglossum penicillatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 371. 1840. Type LocaLity: California. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 86; North Yakima, Henderson, May 27, 1892; Pasco, Piper 2967; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Harrington, Sandberg & Leiberg 223; Coulee City, Piper 3869; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 984; Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths &: Cotton 22. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. z. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877. Type Locaity: ‘On the desert plains of the upper Mohave River,” California. tANGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Brandegee 985; North Yakima, Henderson 2560. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Fectocarya pusilla (A. DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 81. 1877. Gruvelia pusilla A. DC. Prod. 10: 119. 1846. Tyre vocarity: “In Chili prope Valparaiso et montem la Leona.” Rance: Washington to California. Chile. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 410. PLAGIOBOTHRYS. Nutlets somewhat cruciform, muriculate.........-.........-.--..--- 1. P. tenellus. Nutlets ovate, carinate, dull, roughened............-...-.---.--..-.- 2. P. nothofulvus. 1. Plagiobothrys tenellus (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 283. 1885. Myosotis tenella Nutt.; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 295. 1851. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 483 Plagiobothrys asper Greene, Pittonia 3: 262. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘Sunny rocky slopes of the mountains along the Coeur d’Alene River,” Idaho. Collected by Geyer. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Wenache, Whited 1046; Spokane Valley, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Piper; Henderson; Sandberg & Leiberg 10; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 990; near Waits- burg, Horner 160; Wawawai, Piper; Elmer 767; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Plagiobothrys nothofulvus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 285. 1885. Eritrichium nothofulvum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 227. 1882. Type Locatiry: California. RaNnGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 37. CRYPTANTHE. Nutlets with scarious crenate wings..............-.-.....----.... 1. C. pterocarya. Nutlets not winged. Surface of nutlets smooth and shining. Nutlets solitary or rarely two, narrow, attenuate-acuminate. Ventral groove simple, elongated at base............ 2. C. flaccida, Ventral groove bifurcate at base .................... 3. C. suksdorfii. Nutlets four, ovate, acute or short-acuminate. Ventral groove simple to the base................--- 4. C. affinis. Ventral groove forked at base. Pubscence setose, spreading ..............2.-.- | 3). C. ramulosissima. Pubescence somewhat appressed. ...........---- 6. C. torreyana. Surface of nutlet rough. Calyx twice as long as the acuminate nutlets.............. 7.0. ambigua. Calyx little longer than the acute nutlets........-.....-.. 8. C. muriculata. 1. Cryptanthe pterocarya (Torr.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 120. 1887. . Eritrichium pterocaryum Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859. Krynitskia pterocarya A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 276. 1885. Type Locauity: “Near E] Paso,” Texas. RanGE: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Hindshaw, May, 1896; Yakima, Henderson in 1892: Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896 and no. 41; Piper 2961; Coulee City, Piper 3881; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 260; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 995; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Cryptanthe flaccida (Lehm.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 115. 1887. Mysotis flaccida Lehm. Pug. 2: 22. 1830. Eritrichium orycaryum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 58. 1874, Krynitskea orycarya A. Gray, Syn. F]. 2': 425. 1878. Type Locatity: “N. W. Coast in dry plains.” Collected by Douglas. RANGE: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima, Henderson in 1892; Coulee City, Piper 3887: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 304; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 173; without locality, Brandegee 992; Almota, Piper 1702; Waitsburg, Horner 602, 144; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 820; Elmer 766. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Cryptanthe suksdorfii (Greenman). Krynitskia sukskorfii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 40: 146. 1905. Type Locauity: “On dry hillsides near Rockland, Klichitat County,” Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rockland, Suksdorf, June 8, 1904. 4. Cryptanthe affinis (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887. Krynitskia affinis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 270. 1885. Type Locauty: “E. side of the Cascades near Lat. 49°.” Collected by Lyall in 1860. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 455; Klickitat River, Flett 1197; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Hender- son; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3092; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 603; along Touchet River, Horner 381. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Cryptanthe ramulosissima A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 68. 1899. Type Locauity: Laramie, Wyoming. Rance: Washington and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pasco, Elmer 1054; Piper 2750 and 2951; Henderson 2562, Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths:& Cotton 24. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Cryptanthe torreyana Greene, Pittonia 1: 118. 1887. Krynitzkia torreyana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885. Krynitzkia leiocarpa Fisch. & Mey. err. det. Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 142. 1859. Type Locauity: Grassy hills near San Luis Rey, California, according to label on type specimen. Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 3882. * 6a. Cryptanthe torreyana calycosa Greene, Pittonia 1: 119. 1887. . Krynitskia torreyana calycosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 271. 1885. Type Locauity: ‘E. Humboldt Mountains, Nevada.’ Collected by Watson. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 506; Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 593; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 249; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Piper, July 6, 1895, 1943; Hen- derson, June 1, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1942, 1945; Wawawai, Lake, June 4, 1892; Piper, 1944, 3813, 1941; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 821; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3091. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. There are two forms of this subspecies, one with small corollas and one with large. No other character seems to be associated with this difference, however. 7. Cryptanthe ambigua (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887. Krynitskia ambigua A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 273. 1885. Eritrichium muriculatum Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 17: 416. pl. 13. 1874. Cryptanthe monosperma Greene, Pittonia 5: 53. 1902. Type LocaLity: Nisqually, Washington. Rance: Washington to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Howell 337; north of Bickleton, Suksdorf 406; with- out locality, Brandegee 994; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 46, 595. 8. Cryptanthe muriculata (A. DC.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 113. 1887. Eritrichium muriculatum A. DC. Prod. 10; 132. 1846. Krynitskia muriculata A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 278. 1885. eIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 485 Myosotis muricata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 369. 1840, not Lithospermum muricatum Ruiz & Pavon, 1799. Allocarya hendersoni A. Nelson, Erythea 7: 69. 1899. Type Locaity: California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Kincaid, May 16, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 896; Olympia, July 4, 1896; Steilacoom, Piper, May 27, 1888; Fourth Plain, Piper 3083; Vancouver, Tolmie; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 456; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Palouse, Cloud, June, 1895; Goat Mountains, Fett 2156; Cape Horn, Piper 5018; Pullman, Elmer 155. Suksdorf lists under Krynitskia two additional species, Cryptanthe leiocarpa (Fisch. & Mey.) Greene and C. fendleri (A. Gray) Greene. There is no evidence in the Gray Her- barium that the former occurs in Washington, though Doctor Gray included this State in its range, nor have we seen specimens elsewhere. The Wilkes Expedition plant referred to C. leiocarpa by Torrey is C. torreyana calycosa, collected near Spokane. Suksdorf’s speci- men on the basis of which C. fendleri is included in his list seems to be C. ambigua. ALLOCARYA. Corolla small, 1 to 2 lines broad; branches prostrate. Nutlets transversely rugose, not bristly....-.....-.-.--------- 1. A. hispidula. Nutlets transversely rugose and bristly.............---------- 2. A. subglochidiata. Corolla large, 3 to 5 lines broad; stems erect or ascending. Nutlets rugulose, granulate, not stipitate...................... 3. A. scouleri. Nutlets rugulose, granulate, stipitate......-...-.-.-.--------- 4. A, stipitata. bo 1. Allocarya hispidula Greene, Pittonia 1: 17. 1887. Type Locauity: San Bernardino Mountains, California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell 295; near Mount Adams, Henderson; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 2113; Ellensburg, Whited 863; Bingen, Suksdorf 2207; Kettle Falls, Watson 284; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 403; Harrington, Sandberg & Leberg 217; Spo- kane, Savage 20; Waitsburg, Horner 138; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Piper, July 20, 1894, 1701, 3022. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. A close ally of A. californica, with which it has often been included. 2. Allocarya subglochidiata (A. Gray). Allocarya humistrata Greene, Pittonia 1: 16. 1887. Eritrichium californicum subglochidiatum A. Gray, Bot. Cal, 1: 526. 1876, Type Locaity: ‘‘Placer to Sierra Co.,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, //enderson, June 13,,1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Allocarya scouleri (Hook. & Arn.) Greene, Pittonia 1: 18. 1887. M yosotis scouleri Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 370. 1840. Eritrichium ¢ scouleri A. DC. in DC. Prod. 10: 130. 1846. Krynitskia scouleri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 20: 267, 1885. Tyree cocauity: ‘‘Columbia River.”’ Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Succotash Valley, Piper in 1895; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 45: Howell 336; Seattle, 2. S. Meany 531, Clallam County, Elmer 2753, 2756. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. A specimen collected by Suksdorf May 26, 1881, in Western Klickitat County I would refer to A. scouleri, but Professor Greene regards it as belonging to his Allocarya hirta.a 4. Allocarya stipitata Greene, Pittonia 1: 19. 1887. Type Locaity: ‘‘In the central part of California.” Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2755; Tacoma, Flett 2, 879; Mason County, Piper 1053. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. MYOSOTIS. ForGer-mMe-nor, Perennial; calyx hairs straight: corolla blue................-.-.-.- 1. M. laa. Annual; calyx hairs hooked; corolla white. ............-.-........ 2. M. macrosperma. 1. Myosotis laxa Lehm. Asper. 83. 1818. Type Locauity: ‘“‘Habitat in America septentrionale.” RanGE: Canada to Virginia and Tennessee; Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom, Gardner 415; Walla Walla, Savage 3; Wenache, Whited 1362. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Myosotis macrosperma Engelm. Am. Journ. Sci. I. 46: 98. 1844. TYPE Loca.ity: Texas. Rance: Washington to New England, southward to California, Texas, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 215; Seattle, Piper 618; White Salmon, Suksdorf 295; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 1000; Copper River, Horner 149; Waitsburg, Horner 600; Mount Carlton, Kreager 158. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species seems amply distinct from M. verna Nutt., to which it is commonly referred. LITHOSPERMUM. 1. Lithospermum ruderale Doug!.; Lehm. Pug. 2: 28. 1830. 1 Lithospermum pilosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. '7: 43. 1834. Lithospermum lanceolatum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 333. 1900. Type Locauiry: “Gravelly banks of the Columbia and Multnomah Rivers.’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana, Utah, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Wenache, Whited 1060; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 308; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898, Flett 1035, Whidby Island, Gardner 213, west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 166; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893, Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leaberg 128; Colville, Lyall in 1861; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860, without locality, Vasey in 1889; Pullman, Elmer 212; Hull 640; Piper 1700, 1699, Wawawai, Lake & Hull 640, Clarks Springs, Kreager 69; lone, Kreager 402, Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 406. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. MENTHACEAE. Minar Faminy. Ovary 4-lobed. Corolla nearly vegular, 5-cleft ....22.222222220.......... TRICHOSTEMA (p. 487). Corolla very irregular, apparently I-lipped .............-- TEUCRIUM (p. 487). Ovary 4-parted. Corolla distinctly bilabiate, the upper lip concave. Antheriferous stamens 2..................-...-.-.- Ramona (p. 488). Antheriferous stamens 4. Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side... .. SCUTELLARIA (p. 488). Calyx without protuberance. a Pittonia 1: 161. 1888. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 487 Upper pair of stamens longer than the lower. Anther cells parallel ..........------- AGASTACHE (p. 489) Anther cells divergent. Calyx teeth subequal ..........--- NEPETA (p. 489). Calyx teeth unequal, the upper very large. . 22-2 -2-2--------------- DracocePHALUM (p. 489). Upper pair of stamens shorter than the lower. Calyx bilabiate ...........-.-.------- PRUNELLA (p. 489). Calyx not bilabiate. Teeth of the calyx 10, spiny ...--- MARRUBIUM (p. 489). Teeth of the calyx 5, not spiny. Flowers opposite ; calyx becom- ing inflated..... 2.2.2.2... - PuysosTEGia (p. 490). Flowers whorled; calyx not be- coming inflated. Throat of corolla dilated . Lamrum (p. 490). Throat of corolla not dil- ated ....2...2.222.--- Sracuys (p. 490). Corolla nearly reguiar, or wnen bilabiate, the upper lip plane. Corolla regular or nearly so. Antheriferous stamens 2 ...........-.--------- Lycorus (p. 491). Antheriferous stamens 4_............--------- MENTHA (p. 492). Corolla bilabiate. ° Plant creeping; flowers axillary .........-.-.--- MIcCROMERIA (p. 493). Plant erect; flowers capitate-verticillate ... 2... - MADRONELLA (p. 493.) TRICHOSTEMA. Corolla tube not exceeding the calyx; leaves membranaceous, costate- veined _.........---- eee reer reer errr etre rere 1. T. oblongum. Corolla tube slender, exserted; leaves crowded, strongly 3 to 5-nervose. 2. 7. lanceolatum. 1. Trichostema oblongum Benth. Lab. 659. 1832-36. Type Locauity: ‘In herbidis prope arcem Vancouver.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance; Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 34; without locality, Douglas; Pullman Piper 1874; Hull, July 16, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. Lab. 659. 1835-36. Type Locaity: “ Prope arcem Vancouver in siccis ad flumen Multnomah et in Nova Cali- fornia.”” Collected by Douglas. RanGE: California, Oregon, Washington? It is very doubtful if this plant occurs north of the Columbia River. The above state- ment of Douglas in Hooker’s Flora is the only direct evidence. TEUCRIUM. 1. Teucrium occidentale A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 349. 1878. Tyre Loca.ity: Nebraska. Collected by Hayden. Rance: Washington to California, New Mexico, and Nebraska. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Toppenish, Griffiths d& Cotton 769. la. Teucrivm occidentale viscidum subsp. nov. Differs from 7’. occidentale in being viscid-pubescent throughout. Collected at Mission, Stevens County, in muck land, August 22, 1902, by Frank O. Krea- ger (no. 482). The type is the sheet in the U.S. National Herbarium no. 441297. 488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. RAMONA. 1. Ramona incana (Benth.) Dougl.; Briquet, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440, 1894. Audibertia incana Benth. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1469. 1831. Salvia carnosa Dougl. loc. cit. as synonym. Tyre voca.ity: “On the plains of the Columbia, near the Priest’s Rapid, anc on the clayey hills near the Big Birch, in 1826.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1066; Ellensburg, Elmer 110; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Flett 1029; Henderson, May 21, 1892; Piper, July 10, 1897; Watt August, 1895; Yakima River, Suksdorf 428; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 362; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 467; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 388; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 244; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1890; Coulee Cit y, Lake & Hull, August 8, 1892; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Soap Lake, McKay 9; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Leiberg 60. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. SCUTELLARIA. SkuLtcap. Flowers small in axillary or terminal racemes.............2.2...--- 1. S. lateriflora. Flowers larger, solitary in the leaf axils. Lower lip of corolla not villous.............2..2.22022.22-.-.- 2. 8. galericulata. Lower lip of corolla villous within. Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; leaves oblong, obtuse at each end.. 3. S. antirrhinoides. Corolla 16 to 25 mm. long; upper leaves linear or narrow, acute . at base... 2.2.2.2... eee eee 4. S. angustifolia. 1. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Sp. Pl. 2: 598. 1753. Type Loca.ity: ‘ Habitat in Canada, Virginia.” RanGE: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall ; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 1001; Loomis, Elmer 612; Seattle, Piper in 1885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Scutellaria galericulata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 599. 1753. TYPE Loca.ity: European. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Arizona, Nebraska, and North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Constitu- tion, Henderson, July 4, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 473; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiherg 619; Mission, Kreager, August 21, 1902; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Mission, Kreager 492. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Scutellaria antirrhinoides Benth. Lab. 440. 1834." TyPE LocaLity: “Prope arcem Vancouver ad ripas Columbiae.” Collected by Scouler, Rance: Oregon, California, Nevada, and ? Washington. We have seen no Washington specimens of this species, though Fort Vancouver is given as the type locality. All recent Washington specimens referred to S. antirrhinoides are S. angustifolia. 4. Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh, Fl. 2: 412. 1814. Type Locauity: “‘On the river Kooskoosky.’’ Collected by Lewis, the exact spot oppo- site Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 54; Naches, Lyall in 1860; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Spokane, Henderson, May, 1892; Pullman, Lake & Hull 598; Piper 1570; Wawawai, Lake 598; Spokane, Kreager 10. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 489 AGASTACHE. Leaves green on both sides. ......-.-.------------------+-+-----+--- 1. A. urticifolia. Leaves white beneath....................-----.-------------+----- 2. A. occidentalis. 1. Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 339. 1900. Lophantus urticifolius Benth. Bot. Reg. 15: under pl. 1282. 1829. Type Locauiry: “From the north-west const of America.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf 426; Crab Creek, Suksdorf 427; Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 597; Pullman, Piper 1569; Clarks Springs, Kreager 142. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Agastache occidentalis (Piper) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4. 1900. Vleckia occidentalis Piper, Erythrea 6:31. 1898. Type Loca.ity: “Six miles southwest of Ellensburg,’ Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 1434, 1296; Ellensburg, Elmer 396; Tam- pico, Flett 1040; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 353; lower Naches River, Henderson, June 13, 1892; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 673. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. NEPETA. 1. Nepeta cataria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 570. 1753. CaTNIP. Type Locairy: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick, July 30, 1895. DRACOCEPHALUM. 1. Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. Gen. 2: 35. 1818. Type Locauiry: ‘Around Fort Mandan, on the Missouri.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia, eastward to Lake Ontario, and in the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 800; Pend Oreille, Lyall in 1861; Medical Lake, Henderson. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PRUNELLA. 1. Prunella vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 600. 1753. HEALALL. Prunella vulgaris major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 114. 1838. TYPE LocALity: European. Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia. e SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2544; Humptulips, Lamb 1205; Muckle- shoot, Dr. Ruhn; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Silverton, Bouck 145; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Peshastin, Sandberg & Lieberg 541; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1445; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2244; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Ket- tle Falls, Watson 332; Tukanon River, Lake & I/ull, July 1, 1892; Pullman, Hull 604, Clarks Springs, Kreager 128; Mabton, Griffiths & Cotton 570. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. MARRUBIUM. 1. Marrubium vulgare L. Sp. Pl. 2: 583. 1753. HoreEnounp, Type Locauiry: European, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: A]lmota, Lake & Hull 596. A common weed in most parts of the State. 490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. PHYSOSTEGIA. 1. Physostegia parviflora Nutt; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!': 383. 1878. Type Locauity: “Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Oregon and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mauntains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Lindsleys, Hen- derson, September 9, 1892; Kettle Falls, Watson 333; Chelan, Elmer 486; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 688; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 320; Mission, Kreager 483. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. LAMIUM. 1. Lamium amplexicaule L. Sp. Pl. 2: 579. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wawawai, Piper 3007. STACHYS. Upper leaves sessile, the lower short-petioled...............22...-..-- 1. S. palustris. Upper leaves not sessile, the lower long-petioled. Corolla tube little longer than the calyx, calyx lobes subulate- aristulate 2.22222... ce ee eee eee eee 2. S. bullata. Corolla tube twice as long as the calyx. Leaves thick, tomentose and reticulate beneath.............. 3. S. chamissonis. Leaves thin, not tomentose. Corolla 20 mm. long; calyx glabrous or sparsely hirsute; leaves subcordate..........-...-.-.-2-..2-2-2--2----- 4. S. ciliata. Corolla 12 mm. long; calyx soft-villous; leaves mostly cordate. .......2 22222-22222 -2 22220222 ee eee ee eee 5. S. pubens. 1. Stachys palustris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 580. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. Rance: Temperate North America. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 55; Vancouver, Suksdorf 2226; Alma, Elmer 541; Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Coulee City, Henderson 2533; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 599; Medical Lake, Hen- derson 2532; Spokane, Piper; Union Flat, Lake & Hull; Kalispel Lake, Kreager 449; Spokane, Kreager 541; Mission, Kreager 487; Meyers Falls, Kreager 471. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Stachys bullata Benth. Lab. 547. 1834. Type Locauiry: “Hab. in California.” Rance: Washington to California. SpeciMENS EXAMINED: Lindsleys, Clarke County, Henderson in 1892; Vancouver, Suks- dorf 2226; Cape Horn, Suksdorf, August 19, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Stachys chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831. TYPE Loca.ity: California. RanGE: California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, 665, 666, 84. These specimens are rather intermediate between ciliata and chamissonis. They are possibly referable to S. flaccida Eastwood, @ but that species is known as yet only from the type specimen. a Bull. Torr, Club 29: 80. 1902. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 491 4. Stachys ciliata Dougl.; Benth. Lab. 539. 1832-36. Stachys cooleyae Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 590. 1899. Type Locauity: “Hab. in America boreali-occidentali: ad ripas fluminis Columbiae; Douglas; Scouler,”’ Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3960; Chehalis County, Henderson 2531; Clallam County, Elmer 2543; Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant in 1889; Cascade Moun- tains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Seattle, Piper 178; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 667; Tacoma, Flett 121; Lake Quinault, Lamb 1285; Skokomish River, Kincaid; Nisqually Valley, Allen 131; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886; Goose Lake, lett 1204; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 503; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Ellensburg, Elmer 498; Whited 399; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt; Union Gap, Cotton 490; Nason City, Sand- berg & Leiberg; without locality, Vasey in 1889. The leaves vary from nearly glabrous (typical) to soft-pilose but scarcely tomentose. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Stachys pubens (A. Gray) Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 581. 1898. ’ Stachys ciliata pubens A. Gray, Syn. FI]. 2': 388. 1878. Stachys emersoni Piper, Erythea 6: 31. 1898. Tyre Locauity: “Washington Terr. to Fraser River.” Rance: Washington and British Columbia near the coast.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3902; Hoquiam, Lamb 1138; Ilwaco, Savage 9; Ocean Beach, Henderson in 1886; without locality, Cooper in 1854; Ilwaco, Piper 4990, 4919; Port Crescent, Lawrence 281a. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. LYCOPUS. Plants not stoloniferous; calyx teeth triangular-cuspidate longer than the nutlet .....2. 22-22-20... -- 2-222 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee 3. L. americanus. Plants stoloniferous at base. Calyx teeth subulate longer than the nutlet; leaves sharply serrate. . 1. L. lucidus. Calyx teeth obtuse, shorter than the nutlet..........------.----- 2. L. uniflorus. 1. Lycopus lucidus Turez.; DC. Prod. 12: 178. 1848. Lycopus lucidus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 8: 286. 1870. Tyree Locaity: “In montibus Ircutiae.”’ “ Rance: Washington to California, Kansas, and Saskatchewan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 600; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 600; Spokane County, Suksdorf 601; Mabton, Cotton 749. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Lycopus uniflorus Michx. Fl. 1: 14. 1818. Lycopus macrophyllus Benth. Lab. 185. 1833. Lycopus communis Bicknell in Britton, Man. 803. 1901. Type Locauity: “‘Hab. ad Lacus S- Joannis et Mistassins.” Rance: British Columbia and Oregon to Labrador and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Flett 15; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1439; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858-59; Copalis, Conard 405. This species has heretofore been referred to L. virginicus L. and thus appears in Suks- dori’s list. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Lycopus americanus Muhl.; Bart. Fl. Phila. Prod. 12. 1815. Lycopus sinuatus Ell. Bot. 5. C. & Ga. 1: 26. 1816. Type Locauity: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lakeview, Henderson, July 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 566, 1450; North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; Henderson, June 18, 1892; Alma, Elmer 543; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 602; Spokane, Piper, October 1, 1900; Usk, Kreager 354; Seattle, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. MENTHA. Minr. Whorls of flowers all axillary.............-.-.--------------------- 3. M. canadensis. Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some in the upper axils. Leaves lanceolate, sessile or nearly so; spikes slender....-.-.-..--- 1. M. spicata. Leaves ovate, petioled; spikes thick...........-..-------------- 2. M. citrata. 1. Mentha spicata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753. SPEARMINT. Type Locauitry: “Habitat in Dania, Germania, Anglia, Gallia.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; White Salmon, Suksdorf. la. Mentha spicata viridis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 576. 1753. TyPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper; Vancouver, Piper; White Salmon, Suksdorf. 2. Mentha citrata Ehbrh. Beitr. 7: 15). 1792. Type Locaity: ‘“ Europa.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, Fett 155. 3. Mentha canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 577. 1753. Tyre cocaity: “Habitat in Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to California and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2545; Seattle, Piper mi 1885; Tacoma, Flett 874; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; McKay 16; North Yakima, Watt August, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Meyers Falls, Kreager 506; Spokane, Dewart, July 15, 1901; Piper, September 1, 1900; Prosser, Cotton 654; Clealum Lake, Cotton 842; Mabton, Cotton 748. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3a. Mentha canadensis borealis (Michx.). Mentha borealis Michx. F]. 2: 2. 1803. Mentha canadensis glabrata Benth. Lab. 181. 1833. Mentha arvensis perardi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 215. 1895. Type Locatiry: “Hab. juxta amnes ad sinum Hudsonis defluentes.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Chehalis River, Lamb 1235; Silverton, Bouck 146a; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1000; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 663, 664; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 601; Pullman, Lake cd Hull 601; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Kreager 481; 557, 446; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3b. Mentha canadensis lanata (Piper). Mentha arvensis lanata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902. Type Locauity: Parrott, Lincoln County, Washington. Collected by Lake & Hull. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 5, 1892; Parrott, Lake & Hull 603; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 601; Newport, Kreager, August 11, 1902; Mount Carlton, Kreager 295. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 493 MICROMERIA. 1. Micromeria chamissonis (Benth.) Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 289. 1894. YERBA BUENA. Micromeria douglasii Benth. Lab. 372. 1884. Thymus? douglasii Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831. Thymus? chamissonis Benth. Linnaea 6: 80. 1831. Tyre Locauity: California. Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 23; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. MADRONELLA. Leaves narrowly oblong, green on both sides... ....---------------- 3. M. odoratissima Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Paler beneath; nerves not prominent.....--------------------- 1. M. discolor. Not paler beneath; nerves prominent... ....------------------ 2. M. nervosa. 1. Madronella discolor Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906. Monardella discolor Greene, Pittonia 2: 24. 1889. Type Locauity: “Near Clealum, Washington.” Collected by Greene. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clealum, (Greene, August 14, 1889; Ellensburg, Elmer 373; Whited 547; without locality, Vasey, in 1889; Yakima, Brandegee; “coast prairies,” Cooper; Mount Rainier, Piper 2078( +). ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Madronella nervosa Greene, Leaflets 1: 169. 1906. Monardella nervosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 322. 1901. Type Locauity: “The arid region of Eastern Washington.” Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, in 1893; Okanogan County, Whited 195: White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 705; Tampico, Henderson 2527; Cowiche Creek, Cotton 464; Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 413; Yakima, Howell; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 760. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Madronella odoratissima Greene, Leaflets 1: 168. 1906. Monardella odoratissima Benth. Lab. 332. 1832-36. Type Locauity: “In petrosis ad flumen Columbia et in rupibus alpestribus in montibus White Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2078; Meyers Falls, Kreager 499. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. MELISSA. 1. Melissa officinalis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 592. 1753. Bam. Type LocaLity: “Habitat in montibus Genevensibus, Allobrogicis, Italicis.”’ This plant is reported as escaped from gardens in Klickitat County, Suksdorf. 494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Ficgwort Famiy. Antheriferous stamens 5; leaves alternate..................... VERBASCUM (p. 494.) Antheriferous stamens 2 or 4; leaves opposite or alternate Fifth sterile stamen present. Corolla spurred at base ....... 22.2220... 22 22-2... Linarta (p. 495). Corolla not spurred. Sterile stamens represented by a gland or scale on the upper side of the corolla tube. Peduncles several-flowered ween eee e ee eee eee SCROPHULARIA (p. 495). Peduncles 1-flowered. Corolla conspicuously bilabiate ..._..... . COLLINSIA (p. 495). Corolla nearly rotate... 2.2.2 222.2..22.. TONELLA (p. 496). Sterile stamen elongated. Seeds wingless; anthers woolly or glabrous .... PENTSTEMON (p. 497). Seeds winged; anthers woolly ............... CHELONE (p. 503). Fifth sterile stamen wanting. Stamens 4, 2 antheriferous, 2 sterile. Sterile filaments 2-forked, exserted - ----+--------- ILysantueEs (p. 503). Sterile filaments simple, included ........... 2... GRATIOLA (p. 503). Stamens all antheriferous. Stamens 2. Calyx 5-parted Calyx 4-parted. GRATIOLA (p. 503). Leaves alternate, mostly basal .....____. SYNTHYRIS (p. 504). Leaves opposite, at least the lower ....... VERONICA (p. 505). Stamens 4. Corolla nearly regular; leaves entire ....._.__- LIMOSELLA (p. 507). Corolla 2-lipped. . Stamens not inclosed in the upper lip. Leaves opposite; calyx prismatic.... Mimutus (p. 507). Leaves alternate; calyx campanulate. Digrrauis (p. 519). Stamens included in the upper lip. Anther cells equal, parallel. Ovules 2 in each cell... 22.2... MELAMPYRUM (p. 511). Ovules many. Calyx inflated in fruit; leaves opposite -............... Ramantuus (p. 511). Calyx not inflated; leaves alternate or verticillate _.. PepicuLaris (p. 511). Anther cells unequal. Lips of corolla unequal, the upper larger... 2222 ee CASTILLEJA (p. 513). Lips of corolla subequal. Calyx lips cleft .....2...... OrtTHocarRPUs (p. 516). Calyx lips entire ........... ADENOSTEGIA (p. 518). VERBASCUM. ween ee eee ee eee lle 1. V. thapsus. Leaves glabrous, or nearly so; flowers racemose........................ 2. V. blattaria. 1. Verbascum thapsus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 177. 1753. MULLEIN. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Gardner 409: North Yakima, Piper; Puyallup Piper; Pullman, Piper. \ PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 495 2. Verbascum blattaria L. Sp. Pl. 1: 178. 1753. MOTH MULLEIN. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Conconully, Whited 1311; Waits- burg, Horner, July 25, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager 470. LINARIA. Flowers yellow, 25 to 30 mm. long.....-...-.-.-.--..--------------- 1. L. linaria. Flowers blue, 6 to 8 mm. long.................-...-.--------------- 2. L. canadensis. 1. Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 947. 1880-83. BUTTER-AND-EGGS. Antirrhinum linaria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 616. 1753. Linaria vulgaris Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8.°1768. Type Loca.ity: ‘Habitat in Europae ruderatis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 383; Pullman, Piper; Meyers Falls, Beattie & Chapman 2235. 2. Linaria canadensis (L.) Dumort. Bot. Cult. 2: 96. 1802. Antirrhinum canadense L. Sp. Pl. 2: 618. 1753. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Virginia, Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to California, east to Nova Scotia and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alki Point, Piper in 1889; Smith in 1889; Woodlawn, Hender- son; without locality, Cooper; La Camas, Henderson. An infrequent plant in Washington, but according to Douglas ‘plentiful between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids.” ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. SCROPHULARIA. 1. Scrophularia californica Cham. Linnaea 2: 585. 1827. Fieworrt. TYPE LOCALITY: San Francisco, California. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /eller 4003; Hoquiam, Lamb 1224; Olympia, Ain- caid; Goose Lake, Flett 1155; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 4, 1886; Skamania County, Suksdorf 997; Ellensburg, Whited 688; Pullman, Elmer 879; Piper, July 21, 1894; Granville, Conard 339; Iwaco Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. A variable species as here understood and possibly consisting of several. The specimens from near the seacoast are quite fleshy. COLLINSIA. Calyx lobes obtuse; inflorescence glandular. .. .. Le cee eee eee 4. C. rattani. Calyx lobes acute; inflorescence not glandular. Filaments hairy at base; calyx lobes much longer than the tube and much exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly solitary ....-.-.-.-------------- 2-2-2222 -- 22-2 ee eee 1. C. sparsifiora. Filaments glabrous; calyx lobes scarcely longer than the tube and little exceeding the capsule; pedicels mostly in whorls. Tube of corolla longer than the limb; corolla 5 to 7 mm. long ...--..--.-----------------+---- +--+ 2. C’. tenella. Tube of corolla shorter than the limb; corolla 8 to 16 mm. long. Corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; pedicels deflexed in fruit......-.---2------.----------- +--+ eee 3. C. grandiflora. Corolla 8 to 10 mm. long; pedicels erect in fruit.. 3a. C. grandiflora pusilla. 496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Collinsia sparsiflora Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 2: 33. 1835. Tyre Locauity: “Hab. cirea coloniam ruthenorum Ross in Nova California.” Rance: California to Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 298. 2. Collinsonia tenella (Pursh). Antirrhinum tenellum Pursh, Fl. 1: 421. 1814. Collinsia parviflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1082. 1827. Collinsia pauciflora Lindl.;- Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 94. 1838. Type Locauiry: “On the banks of the Missouri’’, according to Pursh, but really from “Rockford Camp ”’ [The Dalles of the Columbia]. Collected by Lewis. RanGE: British Columbia to Lake Superior, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Puget Sound, Cooper; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; South Prairie, Lizzie Hardy, May 23, 1890; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; Tampico, Flett 1183; Pasco, Hindshaw 28; Spokane Valley, Lyall; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Lieberg 621; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 31; Pullman, Hull 574; Piper 1656 and June 14, 1893; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 327; Clallam County, Elmer 2586; Clarks Springs, Kreager 75. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 8. Collinsia grandiflora Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1107. 1827. Type Locatitry: “Banks of the Columbia River at a distance of one hundred miles or more from the ocean.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California, and in north Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Steilacoom, Cooper; Piper in 1888; Olympia, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf; mountains near Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Fort Vancouver, Garry, April, 1826; Cape Horn, Piper 5004. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3a. Collinsia grandiflora pusilla A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 256. 1878. Collinsia pusilla Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 506. 1901. Type LocaLity: Plumas County, California. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 227; Tacoma, Flett 44; Olympia, Kin- caid, July 4, 1896; Goat Mountains, Allen 240; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May 6, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Collinsia rattani A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2!: 439. 1886. TypE LocaLity: Mendocino County, California. Rance: North California to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, Apri] 24, 1886; White Salmon, Suksdorf 301; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1879. CoLLINsIA MINIMA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834. Type locality, ‘Flat Head River.’ Collected by Wyeth. Range, Washington and Idaho. Specimens examined, Fort Colville, Lyall, March 30, 1861. This is perhaps not distinct from C. tenella, but the flowers are decidedly larger. More material is needed. TONELLA. Corolla 6 to 10 mm. broad ...........--------------------------- 1. T. floribunda. Corolla 2 to 3 mm. broad ...............4-------------- wceececee 2. 7. collinsoioides. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 497 1. Tonella floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 92. 1876. Tyre Loca.ity: “ Willow thickets of the valley of the Kooskooskee, in the western part of Idaho.” Collected by Spalding and by Geyer. Rance: Western Idaho and adjacent Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 1003; Almota, Piper 1655; Wawa- wai, Lake 575; Elmer 103; Asotin Creek, Hunter 92. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Tonella collinsioides Nutt.; A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 378. 1868. Collinsia tenella Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 593. 1846, not C. tenella (Pursh) Piper. Tonella tenella Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 5. 1900. Type Loca.ity: ‘In sylvis juxta flum, Oregon.’ Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: California to Washington, in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April 27, 1881, May 12, 1895; Lyle, Suksdorf, April 14, 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PENTSTEMON. WILD FoxGLove. Anthers woolly. Foliage glaucous. Branches erect ;. leaves oblong to ovate, sessile, gla- brous; corolla lilac-purple ........ 2.222.222... Branches prostrate; leaves broadly ovate, petioled,. puberulent; corolla rose-crimson ........-....-- Foliage green, not glaucous. Plants prostrate or decumbent; leaves small, oval to orbicular; flowering stems 5 to 20 cm. high. Leaves serrate ..... 2... 2.2.2.2.-.-.------- Leaves entire -.......2.2...2..2.2--------- Plants usually erect, taller; leaves narrow. Leaves lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, not re- duced on the flowering stems... ..........- Leaves lanceolate, acute, entire or serrate, much reduced on the flowering stems. Calyx lobes lanceolate, 0.5 to 1 em. long... - Calyx lobes subulate-lanceolate, 1 to 1.5 Anthers not woolly. Cells of the anthers splitting their whole length or nearly the whole. Plants glabrous, more or less glaucous. Leaves coriaceous, the upper acuminate; corolla 1.5 to2em. long -................------. Leaves not coriaceous, none acuminate; corolla 2.5 to 4em. long. .........-...-..-------- Piants not glaucous, mostly more or Jess pubescent. Margins of the leaves dentate. Leaves narrow, oblong, lanceolate, or ob- lanceolate. Corolla blue-purple, 1.5 to 2.5m. long. Corolla white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. Leaves oblong to lanceolate, coarsely dentate; sterile fila- 1. P. barrettae. 2. P. rupicola. 3. P. menziesii. 3a. P. menziesii davidsonit. 4. P. lyallii. 5. P. fruticosus. 6. P. scoulert. 7. P. acuminatus. 8. P. glaber. 9. P. erianthera. ment beardless ..... 2.2.2... 10. P. deustus. 29418—06 M 32 498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves linear-lanceolate, denticu- late: sterile filament bearded. . 11. P. variabilis. Leaves broad, mostly ovate. Herbage pruinose-puberulent through- out .....-2-2---2.-2-----2-------- 12. P. pruinosus. Herbage glabrous or nearly so. Calyx lobes glandular. ......--.- - 13. P. pinetorum. Calyx lobes not glandular ....--- 14. P. ovatus. Margins of the leaves entire. Herbage puberulent throughout. Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate.... 15. P. collinus. Leaves linear or linear-spatulate. Corolla taubular-funnelform. -. -. . 19. P. gairdnert. Corolla gaping Lee ee eee ee eee 19a. P. gairdnert hians. Herbage glabrous. Flowers 2 to 2.5 mm. long. Corolla blue........---.------- 16. P. procerus. Corolla pale yellow. .......-.--- 17. P. confertus. Flowers 3 to 3.5 mm. long ......-.-- 18. P. attenuatus. Cells of the anthers splitting only at apex, the bases sac-like. Leaves glandular-pubescent.......-.-.-.--------- 20. P. glandulosus. Leaves glabrous or nearly so. Inflorescence glandular; corolla 3 em. long. .-. - 21. P. venustus. Inflorescence not glandular; corolla smaller. Leaves linear or lanceolate, often in whorls of 3; corolla purple, 10 to 13 mm. long.. 24. P. triphyllus. Leaves broader, oblong or ovate; corolla larger. Corolla red, 20 to 25 mm. long; leaves coarsely dentate or lobed... .....-- 22. P. richardson. Corolla blue, 15 to 20 mm. long; leaves finely serrate or dentate.........-- 23. P. diffusus. 1. Pentstemon barrettae A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 2!': 440. 1886. Type Loca.ity: “ Mountains of Hood River, Oregon, near its confluence with the Colum- bia.’”’ Collected by Mrs. Barrett. RanGeE: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon near the Columbia River. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 395. 2. Pentstemon rupicola Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901. Pentstemon newberryi rupicola Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397. 1900. Type Locauity: “Dry rocky cliffs, Mt. Rainier,’ Washington. RanGE: Cascade Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2086; Allen 130; without locality, Vasey; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 9, 1892; Suksdorf 458; Klickitat River, Miett 1164; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 667; Lake Chelan, Gorman 587; Cape Horn, Piper 4986. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Pentstemon menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838. Type Locauity: “ Nutka.”’ Collected by Menzies. Rance: British Columbia and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2176; Henderson; Mount Rainier, Piper in 1888; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Benson, Macoun PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 499 736; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1320; Silverton, Bouck, July, 1895 and 126; Yakima Pass, Wat- son, November 20, 1880; Clallam County, Elmer 2578. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic, 3a. Pentstemon menziesii davidsonii (Greene). Pentstemon davidsonii Greene, Pittonia 2: 241. 1892. Type Locauiry: “On Mt. Conness [( ‘alifornia], at an altitude of 12,300 feet.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M.Grant; Mount Rainier, Allen 279, 2087 ; Mount Adams, Suksdorf ; Henderson; Flett 1166: 1 oomis, Elmer 584. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 4. Pentstemon lyallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 440. 1878. Pentstemon menziesii lyallii, A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:76. 1865. Type Locatity: “Between Fort Colville and the Rocky Mountains.”’ Collected by Lyall. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and British Columbia, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 759, according to the label, but the specimen is almost certainly from Pend Oreille Lake, Idaho. The species will probably be found in Stevens county. 5. Pentstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 2: 239. 1892. Gerardia fruticosa Pursh, Fl. 2: 423. pl. 18. 1814. Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. Bot. Reg. 24 : pl. 16. 1838. Pentstemon douglasii Hook. F1. Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838. Pentstemon lewisii Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 321. 1846. Pentstemon adamsianus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 511. 1901. Type LocaLity: “In great abundance in the pine forests of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis, probably in Idaho. Rance: Cascade Mountains of British Columbia to Oregon, and eastward to west Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 715, 1161; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1204; Sandberg & Levberg 550; Whited 795: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 459 and July 12, 1886; Klickitat River, Flett 1152; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 459; Twisp River, W hited: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Kittitas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Pass, Watson, November 25, 1880; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Clealum, Henderson in 1892; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 686; Piper 2422, 2327. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. Pentstemon crassifolius Lindl. is founded on a specimen with entire leaves, a valueless character, as both entire and serrate leaves may be found on the same plant and inter- grades are very numerous; P. douglasi: Hook. is a high altitude form with shorter and broader toothed leaves; P adamsianus Howell from Mount Adams and Mount St. Helens is a form with rather large, thinner leaves, 5a. Pentstemon fruticosus cardwellii (Howell). Pentstemon cardwelli Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 510. 1901. Tyre Locatity ; Base of Mount Hood, Oregon. RanGE. Cascade mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount St. Helens, Goodwin, July 13, 1903. This subspecies may be distinguished by its thickish serrulate mostly obtuse leaves. 6. Pentstemon scouleri Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pi. 1277. 1829. Tyre Locauity. “ Kettle Falls of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Apparently local in northeastern Washington SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Spokane, Miss Kale B. Reed; Mount Carlton, Kreager 274. 500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 7. Pentstemon acuminatus Dougl.; Lind]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1285. 1829. Type LocaLity: “Sandy plains of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sunnyside, Cotton 381; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Pasco, Piper 2985; Hindshaw 25; Henderson in 1892; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886: Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 376; Horse Heaven, Leckenby, May, 1898, Eltopia, Cotton 1023; Wallula, Cotton 1039. ZONAL DisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8. Pentstemon glaber Pursh, I'l. 738. 1814. Pentstemon speciosus Doug].; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1270. 1829. Type Locauity: “Upper Louisiana.’ Collected by Bradbury. Rance: Washingten to California, Arizona, and the Dakotas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 29, 1111; North Yakima, Leckenby, May, 1898: Steinweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2672; Whited 429; Simcoe Valley, Lyall in 1860; Naches Valley, Lyall in 1860; near Bickleton, Suksdorf 414; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 185; Fresh Lake, McKay 27; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Horner 385. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 9. Pentstemon erianthera Pursh, Fl. 737. 1814. Pentstemon cristatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 52. 1818. Pentstemon whitedii Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 490. 1901. Typr Locauity: “Upper Louisiana.” Collected by Bradbury. Rance: Washington to Nevada and the Dakotas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 131, 1112, 1068, 1257, 1166; Spokane, Levberg 28; Dewart, May 20, 1901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Pentstemon deustus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1318. 1830. Type tocatiry: “Northwest America on scorched rocky plains in the interior.’ Col- lected by Douglas. ‘ Ranae: British Columbia and Montana to eastern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 95, 1083; Douglas County, Spillman, May 27, 1896; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 170; Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 711; Piper 1891; Elmer 751. ZONAL pisTRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 11. Pentstemon variabilis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 158. 1900. Pentstemon paniculatus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 513. 1901. Typr Locauiry: “In Schluchten ostlich vom Klickitat-flusse,’’ Klickitat County, Washington. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 417, 999; Howell in 1879; opposite The Dalles, Howell 162. 12. Pentstemon pruinosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1280. 1829. Type Locatiry: “Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia,” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 1; Wenache region, Brandegee 1005; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1256, 1255; Ellensburg, Piper 2670; Douglas County, Spill- man, May 27, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3859; Lakeside, Griffiths & Cotton, June 17, 1902. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 13. Pentstemon pinetorum Piper. Pentstemon ovatus pinetorum Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 158. 1901. Pentstemon veronicaefolius Greene, Leaflets 1: 167, 1906. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 501 Type LocaLity: Cedar Mountains, Latah County, Idaho. Rance: Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Hills, Howell 345; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32; Atanum River, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 460; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Kellogg & Harford 669; Leavenworth, Savage 48; mountains near Yakima, Henderson; mountains near Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, May 30, 1886; Kamiak Butte, Elmer in 1897; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Chelan Butte, Griffiths & Cotton 166. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 14. Pentstemon ovatus Dougl.; Hook. Bot. Mag. 56: pl. 2903. 1829. Tyre Loca.iry: “High mountains about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Range: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and westward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 16; Mount Rainier, Poper 2068; Clallam County, Elmer 2576; Cape Horn, Piper 5033. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 15. Pentstemon collinus A. Nelson, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 279. 1898. Type Locauiry: Evanston, Wyoming. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 430; Piper, May 20, 1897; Tampico, Fett 1181; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, June 26, 1886; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 187. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 16. Pentstemon procerus Dougl.; Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 348. 1829, also Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 2954. 1829. Pentstemon confertus coeruleo-purpureus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 72. 1866. Pentstemon tolmiei Hook. F). Bor. Am. 2: 98. 1838. Pentstemon pulchellus Greene, Pittonia 3: 310. 1898. Type Locatity: “In swampy and overflowed lands between Fort Vancouver and the Grand Rapids of the Columbia on the north side.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, J. M. Grant; Mount Rainier, Piper 2088; Smith 751; Allen 298; Moun. Adams, Henderson in 1892; Suksdorf in 1886; Flett 1165; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1170; Sandberg & Leiberg 549; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Ellensburg, Whited 436; Yakima, Leckenby, May 10, 1898; Thorp, Whited 401; Klickitat River, Flett 1178; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Spokane, Piper 2636; Palouse, Cloud in 1894; without locality, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition to Arctic. 17. Pentstemon confertus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1260. 1829. Tyre Locauity: “In mountainous pine woods in dry sandy soils between Salmon River and the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, in 48° N. latitude.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 39; Piper 2079; Goat Mountains, Allen 244; Wenache Mountains, Whited 716; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 189; Leavenworth, Whited 249; Spokane, C. A. Ramm; Pullman, Piper; Hull; Elmer; Mount Carlton, Kreager 234; Clarks Springs, Kreager 67, 29. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Arctic. 18. Pentstemon attenuatus Dougl.; Lind]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1295. 1829. Pentstemon ellipticus Greene, Leaflets 1: 167. 1906, not Coult. & Fisher, 1893. Pentstemon confertus globosus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 397, 1900. Type Loca.ity: “Mountains of Lewis and Clark’s River,” that is, Craig Mountains, Idaho. Collected by Douglas. HOY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon, and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1162, 1254; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 549; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3093; Elmer 807; Blue Mountains, Horner 384; Piper in 1896; Douglas; Yakima County, Henderson, May 29, 1892; Mount Adams, Henderson August 9, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1295. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. This species is exceedingly variable as to color of the flower. While pale yellow is perhaps the commonest tint, it varies from pink to dull red, lavender to violet, pale blue to dark blue and to white. Occasionally all these color forms occur in close proximity. 19. Pentstemon gairdneri Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 99. 1838. TyPE Locatity: “Blue Mountains of N. W. America.”” Collected by Douglas. RANGE: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1007; Wenache, Whited 1084; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 355; Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; Simcoe Moun- tains, Howell 344 and July, 1880; Cleveland, Suksdorf 413; upper Naches River, Hender- son, June 15, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; without locality, Howell May, 1891. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 19a. Pentstemon gairdneri hians Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900. Tyre Locauity: Eastern Washington. Collected by G. R. Vasey. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 36; Ellensburg, Piper 2702; without locality, ‘asey in 1889; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1294. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. — 20. Pentstemon glandulosus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1262. 1829. Type Locauity: “In the Rocky Mts., Lat. 47° N. and at the base of the Blue Mts., on the banks of the Kooskooskee River.’’ Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: Interior of Washington and Oregon and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Wenache, Whited 30, 1082; Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Yakima Valley, Brandegee 1008; Whitman County opposite Clarkston, Hunter; with- out locality, Vasey in 1889; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, July, 18°. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transitior 21. Pentstemon venustus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1309. 1830. Type Locaity: “Gravelly channels of rivulets of the Blue Mountains and near the source of the Walla Walla River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Blue Mountains and adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 712; Piper, July, 1896; Asotin Creek, Hunter 97; Waitsburg, Horner. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 22. Pentstemon richardsonii Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1127. 1827. Type Locatity: “On bare dry rocks in the vicinity of the Columbia and its branches.”’ Collected by Lewis. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 405; Whited 572; Wenache, Whited in 1896, 1306; North Yakima, Piper, July 9, 1897; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 345; Ata- num Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Cape Horn, Suksdorf 2319; Parker, Dunn, August 10,1901; Kettle Falls, Watson 300; Columbia River above the Chelan River, Watson; Fresh Lake, MeKay 12; Spokane County, Mrs. Tucker; Spokane, Piper, July 26, 1896; Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; with- without locality, Cooper; Marcus, Kreager 464. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 503 23. Pentstemon diffusus Dougl.; Lind], Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1132. 1828. Type Locauity: “In the districts around the mouth of the Columbia River.’ Collected by Douglas. RanGeE: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2178; Mount Elinor, Jennie V. Getty, August, 1902; Mount Rainier, Piper 2068; Goat Mountains, Allen 129; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 48; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Goose Lake, Flett 1157; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1369: Silverton, Bouck 143; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 787; Stehekin, Whited 1386; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 12, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 218; Bridge Creek, Elmer 638; Clallam County, Elmer 2585; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 609, 610; Cape Horn, Piper 5032. ' ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 24. Pentstemon triphyllus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: pl 1245. 1829. Type Locaity: “On decomposed dry granite, or schist rocks, on the Blue Mountains of North-west America.” Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ‘Boundary N. W. Coast,’ Cooper; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Rockland, Suksdorf 998; Palouse River, Lyall, July, 1860; Snake River, Brandegee 1010; Almota, Piper 1865; Wawawai, Lake & [Hull 710. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. CHELONE. 1. Chelone nemorosa Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: pl. 1217. 1829. TURTLEHEAD. Chelone ramosa Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 95. 1838. Pentstemon nemorosus Trautv. Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 345. 1839. Type Locauity: “A native of mountain woods, near springs and rivulets, in the north- west of North America.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to north California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Snoqualmie, Parker; Mount Rainier, Piper 2080; Allen 275; Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1153; Green River Hot Springs, Piper in 1887; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer 2575; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June, 1892; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. ILYSANTHES. 1. lysanthes dubia (L.) Barnhart, Bull. Torr. Club. 26: 376. 1899. Gratiola dubia L. Sp. Pl. 17. 1753. Tlysanthes gratioloides Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 419. 1846. Capraria gratioloides L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 876. 1763. Type LocaLity: Virginia Rance: Washington to California and Canada to Texas and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Green Lake, Piper 2864; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2192 1473: Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892, Waits- burg, Horner 593; Almota, Piper 2658; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 797. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. GRATIOLA. Calyx with a pair of bracts equaling the calyx lobes ...........--.----- 1. G. virginiana. Calyx bractless....2...2.2...-2-2----------- gece eee eee eee eee eee 2. G. ebracteata. 1. Gratiola virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 17538. Tyre vocaity: ‘‘ Habitat in Virginia.’’ Rance: British Columbia to Canada, south to California, Texas, and Florida. 504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 691; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Lindleys, Henderson, June 9, 1892; Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901; Sumas, Lyall in 1858-59; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Manor, Piper, July 14, 1899; Spokane, Piper 2641; Pullman, Piper 1664; Hull 708; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 318; Vancouver, Piper 5025. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Gratiola ebracteata Benth.; A. DC. Prod. 10: 595. 1846. Type Locauity: “In planitiebus terrae Oregon.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tacoma, /lett 472; Roslyn, Whited 472. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. SYNTHYRIS. Flowers in spikes; leaves not reniform-orbicular. Petals wanting; leaves ovate, crenate.......................... 1. 8. rubra. Petals present; leaves cleft into narrow segments .............__- 2.8. pinnatifida. Flowers in racemes; leaves reniform-orbicular. Petals laciniately incised.................-.-.2.2.2.22----2----- 3. 8S. schizantha. Petals entire. Scapes weak, usually shorter than the thin leaves......_.. --. 4.8. rotundifolia. Scapes stout, exceeding the thick leaves .............-....... 5. 8. rentformis. 1. Synthyris rubra (Dougl.) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846. Gymnandra rubra Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 103. 1838. Besseya rubra Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 280. 1903. Type Locatity: “ Banks of M’Gillivray’s and Flathead Rivers, near the Kettle Falls of the Columbia, and in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1861; near Rockford, Watson: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893; Waterville, Whited 1221; Spokane County, Suksdorf 422: Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 58; Pullman, Piper 1658; Elmer 166; Clarks Springs, Kreager 24. ZONAL pistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Synthyris pinnatifida lanuginosa subsp. nov. Densely appressed white-woolly. Otherwise as in the species. Collected in gravelly soil in the Olympic Mountains at 1,650 meters altitude, August 30, 1898, by J. B. Flett (no, 815). The occurence of the subspecies so far detached {rom its related species of the Rocky Mountains seems remarkable. It may be expected to turn up in the Cascade Mountains, possibly with intermediate character of pubescence. The type is deposited in the National Herbarium. 3. Synthyris schizantha Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 223. 1902. Tyre tocatity: Baldy Peak, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1343; Conard 301, mountains of Lewis Jounty near Elbe, lett 2744. 4. Synthyris rotundifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 285. 1878. Type cocatity. “Oregon, in shady woods of the Columbia and Willamette.” Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Chehalis, Gardner 240; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1474; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Fort Vancouver, Wilcox; Piper 4922. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 505 5. Synthyris reniformis (Doug].) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 454. 1846. Wulfenia reniformis Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 102. pl. 77. 1838. Type Locatity: ‘‘Common about the Grand Rapids of the Columbia and in the vallies of the Blue Mountains.” Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Elmer 320. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. VERONICA. SpPeEDWELL. Annuals; flowers solitary in the axils. Pubescent; petals blue; leaves crenate. Pedicels short; upper leaves reduced... .....-.--.-------- 1. V. arvensis. Pedicels long; upper leaves not reduced. ..........-....-- 10. V. tournefortii. Glabrous or nearly so; petals white; leaves mostly entire. .....-- 2. V. peregrina. Perennials; flowers in racemes. Peduncles terminal. Capsules elliptic, emarginate; leaves all sessile. Leaves shorter than the internodes; corolla 5 to 6 mm. broad .......2.2.----2-------- 22-2 eee ee ee ee eee 3. V. alpina. Leaves longer than the internodes; corolla 6 to 10 mm. broad. Corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad, blue ..........------- 4. V. cusickii. Corolla 6 to 7 mm. broad, white...........-.----- 5. V. allenii. Capsules orbicular, obcordate; lower leaves petioled.....-- - . 6. V. serpyllifolia. Peduncles axillary. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule deeply notched... 9. V. scutellata. Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate; capsule with a shallow notch. Cauline leaves sessile or somewhat clasping.........--- 7. V. anagallis- aquatica. Cauline leaves short-petioled..........-.....-.-.----- 8. V. americana. 1. Veronica arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 1: 13. 1755. Tyre LocaLiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf ; Waits- burg, Horner 601; Wawawai, Piper 3825. 2. Veronica peregrina L. Sp. Pl. 1: 14. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. RanGE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to California and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2591; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1478; Ellensburg, Whited 653; Tampico, Flett 1185; Columbia River, Lyall; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 67; Pullman, Piper, July, 1893; Hull 578; without locality Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 154; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 334. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 3. Veronica alpina L. Sp. PI. 1: 11. 1753. Veronica wormskioldii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 1: 101. 1817. Type cocaity: “Habitat in Alpibus Europae.”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 143a; Mount Rainier, lett 243; Piper 2083: Allen 277; Mount Stuart, E/mer 1121; Little Klickitat River, Henderson, August 4, 1892; Klickitat River, Flett 1154; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 710. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Veronica cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2': 288. 1878. Tyee Locaity: “Alpine region of the Blue Mountains,’”’ Oregon. Collected by Cusick. RanGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2587; Mount Rainier, Allen 95; Piper 2084; Paradise Valley, Flett 269; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1019; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 580; Bridge Creek, Elmer 661. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5. Veronica allenii Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 263. 1898. Tyre Locauity: “Along Paradise River on Mt. Rainier, altitude 1,700 m.’’ Collected by O. D. Allen. RANGE: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 95a. 6. Veronica serpyllifolia humifusa (Dickson) Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 101. 1838. Veronica humifusa Dickson, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2: 288. 1794. Type Locauity: Scotland. RanGeE: Alaska to California, Colorado, and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall 1858; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Silverton, Bouck 138; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 598; Skamania County, Suksdorf’ 1477; mountains south of Ellensburg, Whited 729; without locality, Henderson, May 24, 1892; Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 249. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 7. Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 1: 12. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. RanGE: British Columbia to Nova Scotia and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860. 8. Veronica americana Schwein.; DC. Prod. 10: 468. 1846. Type Locauity: “In America boreali a Canada et Carolina usque ad flum. Oregon et in ins. Sitcha.”’ Ranee: Alaska to California and the Atlantic States. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 138a, 138b; Tacoma, Flett 163; Skamania County, Suksdorf 1460; Columbus, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1160; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 368; Wenache, Whited; Ellensburg, Whited 492; Toppenish, Henderson, May, 1892; Cold Creek, Cotton 396: Tieton River, Cotton 446; Grand Coulee, McKay 15; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 581; Tuka- non River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892; Wawawai, Lake & Hull, June 4, 1892; Pullman, Piper, July, 1801; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 53. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 9. Veronica scutellata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 12. 1753. TYPE LOCALITY: European. Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south to California, Minnesota, and New York. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Nisqually Valley, Allen 228; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1476; Ellensburg, Whited 562,849; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Pullman, Piper, July 3, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Usk, Kreager 357; Satus, Cotton 1135. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 10. Veronica tournefortii Gmel. Fl. Bad. 1: 39. 1805. Veronica burbaumii Tenore, Fl]. Nap. 1:7. pl. 1. 1811. Type Locatity: ‘‘ Prope Carlsruhe,’’ Germany. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July, 1894. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 507 LIMOSELLA. Leaves filiform-linear..............-.-.-.-.------------------------- 1. L. tenuifolia. Leaves spatulate or oblong. ........-.---.----.---------------------- 2. L. aquatica. 1. Limosella tenuifolia Hoffm. Deutsch. FI. 1°: 29. 1804. TYPE LocaLity: Germany. Rance: Washington; Labrador to New Jersey. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kalama, Piper, October 31, 1901; Lake Chelan, Eimer 491. Perhaps only a subspecies of L. aquatica. 2. Limosella aquatica L. Sp. Pl. 2: 631. 1753. Tyee cocauitry: “Habitat in Europac septentrionalis inundatis ”’ Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California and Colorado. Europe. Asia. South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf; Ritzville, Sandberg & Letberg 193. MIMULUS. Flowers reddish or purple. Corolla with a very long slender tube ............------------ 1. M. subunrflorus. Corolla with a moderate tube. Stigmas funnelform. Leaves elliptic, acute; corolla 1.5 to 2m. long....... 2. M. nanus. Leaves ovate, acuminate; corolla 2 to 2.5em. long.... 3. M. cusickit. Stigmas 2-lipped. Flowers very small, about .5 mm. long, pale purple... 4. M. brewer. Flowers large, over 2 cm. long. Corolla scarlet; stamens exserted......-.-.----- 5. M. cardinalis. Corolla rose-purple; stamens included........... 6. M. lewisi. Flowers yellow; stigmas 2-lipped. Calyx not angled, deeply 5-cleft.......-..--.-.------------- 7. M. pilosus. Calyx 5-angled, 5 toothed. Perennials. flowers solitary on scapes.._...---.--------------- 8. M. primuloides. flowering stems leafy. Leaves pinnately veined. Herbage glabrous............-.------.----- 9. M. dentatus. Herbage slimy-viscid, musk-seented..... ~~. - 10. M. moschatus. Leaves palmately veined. Rootstocks wanting. Stems stout or stoutish, 10 to 60 em. high; leaves not viscid; corolla 2 to 5 em. long. ......-.---------- 22-222 - eee 11. M. langsdorfii. flowered; corolla 12 to 15 mm. long; leaves small. _....-.--------------- 13. M. microphyllus. Rootstocks present. Stems 2 to 4 em. high, mostly 1-flowered ; plants stoloniferous, densely matted, alpine.......-.-..-.--------------- 12. M. alpinus. Stems 10 to 20 cm. high, mostly several- flowered, arising from slender matted rootstocks; herbage slimy-viscid...... 14. M. implerus. ¢ Annuals. Corolla rather large; leaves palmately veined... .... . 15. M. nasutus. 508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Corolla small; leaves pinnately veined. Calyx teeth unequal, the lower two larger... . .. . 16. M. alsinoides. Calyx teeth subequal. Fruiting calyx distended. Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long...........-.- 17. M. pulsiferae. Corolla 4 to 5mm. long... .-- - Lecce eee 18. M. breviflorus. Fruiting calyx cylindrical. Leaves sessile; corolla scarcely exceed- ing calyx... 2. 22..22-222-2-.-2----- 19. M. suksdorfit. Leaves petioled; corolla larger. Plant erect, not villous. ........--- 20. M. peduncularis. Plant spreading or prostrate, villous and slimy-viscid..........22.-.- 21. M. floribundus. 1. Mimulus subuniflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Mimulus douglasii A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 563. 1876. Mimulus nanus subuniflorus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840 Eunanus douglasii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 374. 1846. Tyre LocaLity: California. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington, to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Hills, Gorman, May 16, 1901. 2. Mimulus nanus Hook: & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 378. 1840. Eunanus tolmiet Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 374. 1846. Type Locauiry: California. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Klickitat Hills, Gorman, May 16, 1901. 3. Mimulus cusickii (Greene). Funanus cusickii Greene, Pittonia 1: 36. 1887. Type Locauity: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Alkaline soil near Columbia River, Brandegee 1011. This species was included by Dr. Gray in M. bigelovii A. Gray, but it seems sufficiently distinct. 4. Mimulus breweri (Greene) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 351. 1901. Eunanus breweri Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci. 1: 101. 1885. Type cocauity: “About Donner Lake,” California. Range: Washington to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2074; Simcoe Hills, Howell 297; Klickitat Meadows, Fett 1355; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 50, 488; upper Atanum, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; North Yakima, Henderson 2264; Blue Moun- tains, Piper 2441. 5. Mimulus cardinalis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 28. 1835. Tyre Locauity: California. Collected by Douglas. RANGE: California, Oregon, and 4 Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Watt, August, 1895. It is possible that there has been some confusion of labels with respect to the above specimen, as we have no further evidence of its occurrence in Washington. 6. Mimulus lewisii Pursh, Fl. 2: 427. pl. 20. 1814. Mimulus roseus Doug!. Bot. Reg. pl. 1591. 1833. Type Locaity; ‘‘On the head springs of the Missouri, at the foot of Portage Hill.” Collected by Lewis. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 509 Rance: British Columbia to California, Utah, and Montana. SpecIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 557; Tieton River, Cotton 436; Mount Rainier, Piper 2076; Allen 276; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 17, 1892; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stevens Pass, Whited 1432; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 571; Bridge Creek, Elmer 646; along Salmon River, Horner 386; near Berne, Piper, July 7, 1895; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Entiat Creek; Mrs. Howe. 7. Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 225. 1871. -Herpestis pilosa Benth.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 57. 1836. Mimulus exilis Dur. & Hilg. Pac. R. Rep. 5: 12. 1855. Tyee Locauity: “North California.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Piper 1800; Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Walla Walla, Savage 24; Waitsburg, Horner 591; Almota, Piper, July 30, 1897; near Bingen, Suksdorf 2322; Rattlesnake Mountains, Suksdorf 421; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 357; without locality, Brandegee 1018. 8. Mimulus primuloides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835. Mimulus pilosellus Greene, Erythea 4: 22. 1896. Type Locatity: “Amer. boreali-occid.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1017; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 298: mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 717; Cascade Mountains, Henderson, August 4, 1892; east side Cascade Mountains, Cooper in 1853; without locality, Suksdorf 489; near Mount Adams, Cotton 1474, 1498. 9. Mimulus dentatus Nutt.; Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 372. 1846. Type Locauity: “Ad Oregon flum.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: _lwaco, Piper 4917. 10. Mimulus moschatus Dougl.; Lind]. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1118. 1827. Mimaulus moschatus longiflorus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2 ': 447 1886. Mimulus moschatus pallidiflorus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘Margins of springs in the country about the river Columbia.” Col- lected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Tacoma, Mlett 160; Skokomish River, Henderson, June 17, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 490; Klickitat River, Flett 1159, 1179; Fort Vancouver, Douglas in 1825; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2320; without locality, Cooper; Tieton River Cotton 483: Stevens Pass, Whited 1431: Sandberg & Leiberg 762; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 745; Blue Mountains, Piper 2411; Lake & Hull 689; without locality, Brandegee 1016. 11. Mimulus langsdorfii Donn; Sims, Bot. Mag. pl. 1507. 1812. Mimulus guttatus DC. Cat. Monsp. 127. 1813. Type LocaLity: Unalaska. Rance: Alaska to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3986, 4006; Grays Harbor, Lamb 1065; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Coupeville, Gardner 221; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859: Skokomish Valley, Kincaid; Tacoma, Fett; Silverton, Bouck 140; Klickitat River, Flett 1145, 1149; Tieton River, Cotton 459; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 417; Cold Creek, Cotton 394: Ellensburg, Whited 476; Wenache, Whited; west Klickitat County Suksdorf 2136, 202, 475, 473; Muckleshoot, Dr. Ruin; Spanaway Lake, Piper 2085; 510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Manor, Piper; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg 618: Coulee City, Lake & Hull 570; Fresh Lake, McKay 11; Union Flat, Piper, July 9,1901; Wawawai, Hull; Elmer 777. . 12. Mimulus alpinus (A. Gray). Mimulus luteus alpinus A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863 : 71. 1863. Mimulus scouleri caespitosus Greene, Pittonia 2: 22. 1889. Mimulus caespitosus Greene, Journ. Bot. 24: 8. 1895. TYPE Locatity: “Alpine region of the Rocky Mts.” Collected by Parry. Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Fle’t 288: Piper 2070; Allen; Greene in 1889: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 479, 418: Bridge Creek, Elmer 642: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull in 1892. 13. Mimulus microphyllus Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 371. 1846. Mimualus luteus depauperatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 567. 1880. Tyre Locauity: “Tn rupibus ad flumen Oregon.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf'478; Flett 1146; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 477, 2321. 14. Mimulus implexus Greene, Journ. Bot. 33: 8. 1895. Mimulus tilingii Regel, err. det. Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 110. 1885. Type Locatity: “Higher Sierra Nevada of California.” RanGE: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2177; Elmer, 2583; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 471, 472. 15. Mimulus nasutus Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 1: 112. 1885. Type Locatity: “In Sonoma County, Cal. at Knight’s Valley and Skagg’s Springs.” Rance: Washington and idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; upper Naches River, Henderson in 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 202, 419, 480, 476, 481; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 110a; Almota, Piper 2783; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1363. 16. Mimulus alsinoides Dougl.; Benth. Seroph. Ind. 29. 1835. Mimulus alsinoides minimus Benth. loc. cit. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘America boreali-occid.” Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to California. , SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 223: Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 483; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 420, 484; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of the Columbia, Scouler. 17. Mimulus pulsiferae A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 11: 98. 1876. Type Locatity: “California in the Sierra and Indian Valleys of the Sierra Nevada.” Rance: Middle California to Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Glenwood, Fett 1163; Klickitat River, Flett 1148: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, 486 and June 10, July 30, 1885. 18. Mimulus brevifiorus Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 45. 1901. Type Locatity: Pullman, Washington. RanGE: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 793, 485; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 203; Ellensburg, Whited 652: Spokane, Piper 2764, 2640; Waitsburg, Horner 592; Blue Mountains, Piper 2440; Pullman, Piper 1858; Wawawai, Elmer 774. 19. Mimulus suksdorfii A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed 2, 2': 450. 1886. TYPE LocaLity: Mt. Paddo (Adams). Collected by Suksdorf. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 511 Rance: Washington to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 487. ? 20. Mimulus peduncularis Dougl.; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 29. 1835. Type Loca.ity: “America boreali-occidentalis.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Trout Lake, Suksdorf; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ; Wenache, Whited; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 114; Wawawai, Elmer 752; Almota, Piper; Toppenish, Griffiths & Cotton 796; Prosser, Griffiths & Cotton 651. 21. Mimulus floribundus Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 18: pl. 1125. 1827. Mimulus serotinus Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900. Type Locauity: “On moist rocks in the interior of the districts of the Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 847; North Yakima, Henderson in 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 205, 2185; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 709; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; bars Touchet River, Horner 266; Spokane, Watson 309; Piper; Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 926; without locality, Dr. Cooper; Wawawai, Elmer 754; Almota, Piper, June 28, 1894. MIMULUS JUNGERMANNIOIDES Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 154. 1900. Type locality, near Bingen, Klickitat County, Washington. Specimens examined, near Bingen, Suksdorf 1470. This species is very close to the preceding, but it is perhaps distin- guishable by its broader and shorter, more deeply cordate leaves. According to Suksdorf it perennates by means of bud-like tubers formed on the tips of stolon-like branches. MELAMPYRUM. 1. Melampyrum lineare Lam. Encyc. 4: 22. 1797. Melampyrum americanum Michx. FI. 2: 16. 1803. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Amerique septentrionale.” Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, southward to North Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Box Canyon, Areager 409. RHINANTHUS. _ . Rhinanthus crista-galli L. Sp. Pl. 2: 603. 1753. Type LocaLiry: European. Rance: Washington to New England, north to Alaska and Labrador. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 224; Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Loomis, Elmer 596; Spokane County, Suksdorf; Palouse City, Henderson; Fort Vancouver, Scouler, according to Hooker. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition. _PEDICULARIS. Leaves lanceolate, doubly-crenulate......-.......--------------- 6. P. racemosa. Leaves pinnately parted. Flowers purple. Corolla beakless; seashore plant..........-.------------- 3. P. parviftora. Corolla beaked; alpine plants. Beak long and filiform, curved. ..............------- 1. P. groenlandica . Beak short and conical. ..........-.--------------- 2. P. ornithorhyncha. Flowers yellowish or whitish. Corolla yellow, with a slender inrolled beak............... 4. P. contorta. Corolla whitish, with a broad hood-like beak...........-.. 5. P. bracteosa. 512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Pedicularis groenlandica surrecta (Benth.) Piper, Mazama 2: 100. 1901. Pedicularis surrecta Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 107. 1858. Type Locatity: “N. West Interior.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Big Creek Prairie, Lamb 1398; Mount Rainier, Piper 2072; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 89; Clallam County, Elmer 2580; Cascade Mountains latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Stampede Pass, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leberg August, 1893, 709; Bridge Creek, Elmer 668. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Pedicularis ornithorhyncha Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838. TYPE LocaLity: “Mt. Rainier.” Collected by Tolmie. RANGE: Cascade Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 92; Piper 2069, 397; Smith in 1889; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 1027; Bridge Creek, Elmer, September, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 577; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Goodspeed. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 8. Pedicularis parviflora Smith, Rees’ Cycl. 26: no. 4. 1813. Pedicularis palustris wlassoviana Bunge; Ledeb. F1. Ross. 3: 283. 1849. Pedicularis wlassoviana Stev. Monogr. 27. pl. 9. fig. 1. 1823. Type Locatity: “On the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies. RanGe: Alaska to Labrador and Oregon. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Point Orchard, Parker in 1888. 4. Pedicularis contorta Benth; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838. Type Locauity: “Mt. Rainier.’’ Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2071; Allen 91; Smith in 1889; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1173; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 738; Blue Mountains, Horner 387; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1704. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5. Pedicularis bracteosa Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 110. 1838. Type Locatity: ‘Shady alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains.”” Collected by Drum- mond. “N.W. Am.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2577; Mount Rainier, Piper 2077; Allen 90; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 556; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 576; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 443; along Twisp River, Whited 194; Nason City, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Horner 134; without locality, Brandegee; Mount Carlton, Kreager 270. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian, 6. Pedicularis racemosa Doug!.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 108. 1838. Type Locatity. “Abundant on the summit of the high mountains of the Grand Rapids of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas. ‘‘Mt. Raimer.” Collected by Tolmie. Rance. British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck 14; Clallam County, Elmer 2579; Goat Moun- tains, Adlen 88, Mount Rainier, Piper 2073; along Twisp River, Whited 193; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Levberg 743; Martin, Henderson, July 20, 1892; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900, east side Cascades, Lyall, without locality, Vasey in 1889; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 350. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. — 513 CASTILLEJA. Annual; stems slender, erect; leaves entire, narrow. ........-.------- 1. C. exilis. Perennials. Bracts whitish or yellowish; galea shorter than the tube of the corolla. Galea short and broad... .. 2-22-2222 -. 2. -22--.--------- 2. C’. pallescens. Galea slender. Pubescence harsh... ......---.-------------- 2-2-5. 3. C. lutescens. Pubescence soft, pilose. Lip one-third as long as the galea ... 22.22.2222... 4. C. camporum. Lip over one-half as long as the galea.... 2.2.2... 5. C. levisecta. Bracts scarlet or crimson (occasionally yellow); galea as long or longer than the corolla tube. Leaves and bracts cleft into linear lobes. Stems glabrous below; bracts crimson or white... .... . 6. C. oreopola. Stems pilose to the base; bracts scarlet. Galea much longer than the.corolla tube... ....-- - 7. C. rupreola. Galea about equaling the corolla tube. ...-...-.--- 8. C. angustifolia. Leaves and bracts entire, very rarely cleft. Stems from slender rootstocks; bracts green, with scarlet tips... 222 eee eee 12. C. suksdorfiti. Stems from a stout caudex. Bracts rose-purple; leaves viscid-puberulent.._... - 9. C. elmert. Bracts scarlet; spikes very dense. Leaves glabrous; bracts entire. Plants erect; leaves rather thin. ........- 10. C. miniata. Plant decumbent; leaves thick... 2.2... - 11. C. dizonii. Leaves puberulent, not viscid; bracts, or some of them, lobed or toothed .._...........-.- 13. C. crispula. 1. Castilleja exilis A. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 17: 100. 1904. Castilleja stricta Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 354. 1900, not DC. 1846. Type Locauity: Ruby Valley, Nevada. Rance: Washington to Montana, Nevada, and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima City, Piper 2845; Satus, Elmer 1066; Toppenish, Grif- fiths & Cotton 772; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1395. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Castilleja pallescens (A. Gray) Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 266. 1898. Orthocarpus pallescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 384. 1868. Euchroma pallescens Nutt.; A. Gray, loc. cit. as synonym. Orthocarpus parryi A. Gray, Am. Nat. 8: 214. 1874. Tyre Loca.ity: None given. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall in 1860; Wenache, Whited 1079; Ellensburg, Piper 2703; Klickitat River, Flett 1144; Mount Adams, Fett 1177; Henderson, 2269, August 9, 1892; Pasco, Hindshaw 29; Piper, May 26, 1899; Kittitas Mountains, Whited, May 27, 1896; Loomis, Elmer 569, 593; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Douglas County, Henderson 2267; Spokane County, Henderson 2268; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Coulee City, Piper 3852. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. Geyer’s 291 referred by Hooker to C. septentrionalis Lindl. is C. pallescens. The “C. pallida Kunth” of Cooper’s Report, page 67, is probably this species. 29418—OG M Oo 514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Castilleja lutescens (Greenman) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 359. 1900. Castilleja pallida lutescens Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 265. 1898. Type Locaity: “Prairies, Spokane Co., Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf. The above is the first cited specimen. Range: Idaho. British Columbia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 141; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3086; Pullman, Elmer 816; Lake, June, 1892; Mount Carlton, Areager 149. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 4. Castilleja camporum (Greenman) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 532. 1901. Castilleja pallida camporum Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 266. 1898. Castilleja lutea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 25: 268. 1898. Type Locauity: “Low prairies, Spokane Co,, Washington.’’ Collected by Suksdorf. (The first cited specimen.) Range: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 80; Silver Lake, Henderson; Spokane, Henderson 2266; Spangle, Piper 2833, 3540; Pullman, Piper 2826; Lake & Hull. ZONAL DistTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 5. Castilleja levisecta Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 268. 1898. Type Locauity: “Mill plain, Washington,” in Clarke County. Collected by Howell; the first specimen cited. Rance: Western Washington and Vancouver Island. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 236; Port Ludlow, Binns, June 15, 1890; Roy, Allen 83; Mill Plain, Zowell 279; Admiralty Head, Piper, April, May, 1898; Seattle, Hindshaw, July, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Castilleja oreopola Greenman, Bot. Gaz. 25: 264. 1898. Castilleja miniata alpina Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900. Type Locauity: “In damp ground, on Mt. Adams (Mt. Paddo), Washington, altitude 1840 to 2150 m.”” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Mountains of western Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, September, 1895; Mount Rainier, Flett 2197, 294; Piper 2081; Allen 95a; Goat Mountains, Allen 134; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2046; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 696; Bridge Creek, Elmer 696; Clallam County, Elmer 2590. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 7. Castilleja rupicola Piper, Erythea 6: 45. 1898. Type Locauity: ‘On perpendicular cliffs, Paradise Valley, Mount Rainier, Washington.”’ Rance: Known only from Mount Rainier. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2075; Allen; Flett 2128. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 8. Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 616. 1837. Castilleja douglasii Benth. in DC, Prod. 10: 530. 1846. Castilleja desertorum Geyer; Hook. Journ. Bot. and Kew. Misc. 5: 258. 1853. Euchroma angustifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 46. 1834. Type Locauity: “Native in dry prairies on the borders of the Little Goddin River, near the source of the Columbia.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Moore 2324. This species and its subspecies have very generally been confused with the very distinct Alaskan C. parviflora Bong. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 515 SUBSPECIES OF CASTILLEJA ANGUSTIFOLIA. Leaves entire .........-- 2.222022 22 eee ee eee eee eee 8a. C. Leaves cleft. Stems sparingly pilose. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long... 2222-22222 2 eee 8b. C. angustifolia bradburii. Leaves ovate-oblong to obovate, 1 to2.5em.long.. 8c. C. angustifolia abbreviata. Stems densely pilose. Leaves harshly pubescent ; stems 40 to 50 em. high; angustifolia whitedii. ~ leaves short, not spreading. .............. -.-- 8d. C. angustifolia hispida. Leaves less harsh; stems 10 to 30 em. high; leaves slender, spreading ...-...-.....222.222.-...- 8. C. angustifolia. 8a. Castilleja angustifolia whitedii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 399. 1900. TYPE Locauity: Wenache, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1141. 8b. Castilleja angustifolia bradburii (Nutt.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898. Euchroma bradburii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 47. 1834. Castilleja bradburit G. Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 4: 616. 1837. Type Locauity: “Little Goddin River, sources of the Columbia.” Rance: British Columbia, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Orcas Island, Lyall; Tacoma, Flett 104; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892: Bear Prairie, near Mount Rainier, Allen 133; Klickitat River, Flett 1151; Clealum, Whited 362; Mount Adams, Flett 1162; Roy, Allen 84; Wenache, Whited 5; Spokane Valley, Lyall; without locality, Vasey 451. ZONAL DistRiBUTION: Arid Transition. 8c. Castilleja angustifolia abbreviata Fernald, Erythea 6: 49. 1898. Type LocaLity: Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2175; Clallam County, Elmer 2582. 8d. Castilleja angustifolia hispida (Benth.) Fernald, Erythea 6: 48. 1898. Castilleja hispida Benth.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 105. 1838. Type, Locatity: “Common on dry soils of the NW. coast, especially about Fort Van- couver.”” Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, by Tolmie, and by Gairdner. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Kamiak Butte, Piper 3096, 3095, 3097; Blue Mountains, Piper 2435; Almota, Piper 2323, 2798. 9. Castilleja elmeri Fernald, Erythea 6: 51. 1898. TYPE Locaity: “On Wenatchee Mts., 19.3 km. north of Ellensburg, Washington.”’ Rance: Mount Stuart and Wenache Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Klmer 1179, 1180; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 457. 10. Castilleja miniata Dougl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 106. 1838. Type vLocatiry: “Blue Mountains, N. W. America.” Collected by Douglas and by Tolmie. Rance: Alaska to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Lamb 1160; Fairhaven, Piper, September, 1892, 2807; Silverton, Bouck 144; Mount Rainier, Piper 2082; Mount Adams, Flett 1143: Klickitat River, Flett 1150; Tacoma, Fett 46; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 616; Wenache, Whited 157; Atanum Springs, Watt, August, 1895: Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 573: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 616; Wilbur, Henderson, July 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper 516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1668: Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 599; Seattle, Dizon in 1898; Quinault, Dizon in 1898; Kettle Falls, Watson in 1880; Puget Sound, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 700. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran to Hudsonian. Narrow-leaved forms of this species have erroneously been referred to C. linariaefolia Benth. 11. Castilleja dixonii Fernald, Erythea 7: 122. 1899. Type Locauity: “Abundant on the seashore, in gravelly or sandy soil, usually just above high-water mark, Quinault Indian Agency, Washington.” RanGE: Ocean coast of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Quinault, Diron, July 17, 1898; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Ilwaco, Piper 4957. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This is very closely related to C. miniata Douglas, and is ferhaps merely a seashore form of it. 12. Castilleja suksdorfii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 22: 311. 1887. Type Locauity; “Alpine meadows and springs of Mount Adams, Washington, at 6,000 to 7,000 feet of elevation.”’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Mount Adams and vicinity. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 198, 600; mountains of Skamania County, Suksdorf; Hell Roaring River, Cotton 1506. 13. Castilleja crispula sp. nov. Perennial from a stout woody crown; stems erect or nearly so, 20 to 30 cm. high; whole herbage sparsely crisp-puberulent ; leaves lanceolate, acute, broadest near the sessile base, 3-nerved, 2 to 4 em. long, all entire or the uppermost with a few teeth; spike short and dense: bracts broader than the leaves, scarlet-tipped, all or at least the upper ones few- toothed near the apex; calyx villous, about equally cleft before and behind, each lateral segment cleft bout midway into two attenuate-lanceolate, acute, lobes; corolla about 3 em. long, the glandular, puberulent galea green except a thin sca rlet margin, nearly straight, as long as the sparsely pilose tube; lip small, the three teeth saccate-involute, acute; ovary elliptic-acuminate ; stigma 2-lobed. A species very close to C. miniata Dougl. differing in its puberulent herbage and the dentate bracts. Specimens have been examined as follows, all from Washington: Mount St. Helens, Coville, 768, July 18, 1898, sheet 380051 in the National Herbarium (type); same locality, L. L. Goodwin, 26, July 13, 1908. ORTHOCARPUS. Perennial; galea hooded, obtuse; lip obscurely saccate......--.----- 1. O. pilosus. Annual. Lobes of lower lip of corolla well developed. Galea bearded on the back; filaments pubescent... ~~ ~~. -- - 2.0. purpurascens. Galea naked; filaments smooth. Spike short and dense; bracts with broad obtuse white lobes.......--- 22-2 ee ee ee ee eee eee eee eee ee----- 8.0. castilleoides. Spike slender; bracts with slender lobe. ...-..-------- 4. O. attenuatus. Lobes of lower lip of corolla very small. Lip simply saccate, searcely larger than the galea. Bracts very different from the leaves, the upper ones entire. Galea hooked at the tip; bracts obtuse. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 517 Corolla minutely pubescent; herbage scabrous and sparsely hirsute-ciliate.......-..------ 5. O. tenuifolius. Corolla glabrous or minutely granular-puberu- lent; herbage puberulent, not at all hirsute- ciliate...........--------------+-- +--+ +e 6. O. imbricatus. Galea straight not hooked, its tip glandular pubes- cent; bracts all acute........-...------------- 7.0. barbatus. Bracts less different from the leaves, all 3 to 5-lobed. Flowers purple; leaves all 3-cleft........--------- 8. O. bracteosus. Flowers yellow; leaves mostly entire.....--.----- 9. O. luteus. Lip with 3 conspicuous swellings, much larger than the galea. Flowers very small 4 to 6 mm. long, dull purple; leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid into filiform segments. .. - - - 10. O. pusillus. Flowers larger 12 to 20 mm. long; leaves simply pinnate with slender lobes or entire. Corolla sulphur-yellow, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; anthers I-celled ... 2... ..-------------------- ve eehae 11. O. erianthus. Corolla white, about 1 em. long; anthers 2-celled.. 12. O. hispidus. 1. Orthocarpus pilosus S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 231. 1871. Tyre Loca.ity: ‘In Washoe Valley, Nevada.” Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf, September 2, 1904 (an unusually glandu- lar form). 2. Orthocarpus purpurascens Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835. Type Loca.ity: California. Collected by Douglas. RanGE: Oregon and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle (introduced), Piper, June 4, 1891. 3. Orthocarpus castilleoides Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835. Type Locauiry: California. Collected by Douglas. RANGE: On the seacoast, Puget Sound to Monterey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Oyhut, Lamb 1269; Whidby Island, Gardner 239; Lillewaup, Piper in 1890; Astoria, Cooper; Everett, Piper 4987 ; Copalis, Conard 385. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Orthocarpus attenuatus A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 121. 1857. Type Locauiry: Corte Madera, California. Rance: British Columbia to Middle California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner, 225; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; near Tacoma, Flett 191, 2123, May 5, 1895; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Orthocarpus tenuifolius (Pursh) Benth. in DC. Prod. 10: 536. 1846. Bartsia tenuifolia Pursh, Fl. 2: 429. 1814. Type Locauiry: “On the banks of Clark’s River.’ Collected by Lewis. The exact locality is near the mouth of the Lolo fork of the Bitterroot River, Montana. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon and west Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Wilbur, Hender- son, July 12, 1892; Douglas County, Spillman, May, 1896; Cow Creek, Lyall; Spokane County, Suksdorf 425; Spokane, Dewart; Pullman, Piper 1666; Clarks Springs Kreager 18; Okanogan to Grand Coulee, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 6. Orthocarpus imbricatus Torr.:S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 458. 1871. Orthocarpus olympicus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 60. 1903. Type Locauity: “In the Cascade Mts., Oregon.”’ Collected by Newberry. RanGe: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2574; Flett 85. 7. Orthocarpus barbatus Cotton, Bull. Torr. Club 29:.574. 1902. Tyrer Locatity: “At the junction of Crab and Wilson creeks, Douglas County,” Wash- ington. Collected by Sandberg and Leiberg. RanGe: Central Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 234; Moses Lake, Griffiths & Cotton 613; Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8. Orthocarpus bracteosus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 13. 1835. Type Locarity: “Ad flum. Columbia.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 167; without locality, Cooper; Seattle, Piper; east of the Cascades, Wilkes Expedition. 9. Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. Gen. 2: 57. 1818. Orthocarpus strictus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835. Type Locauity: Near Fort Mandan, North Dakota. RanGE: British Columbia to Saskatchewan and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parrott, Lake & Hull 701; “high timbered regions of Spokane,” Spalding; Colville, Lyall; Usk, Kreager 359. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Orthocarpus pusillus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835. Type Loca.ity: California. Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to California west of the Cascades and Sierras. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3877; Clallam County, Elmer 2592; Seattle, Piper, May, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 8. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 11. Orthocarpus erianthus Benth. Scroph. Ind. 12. 1835. Type Locatity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Seattle, Piper 552, introduced from California. 12. Orthocarpus hispidus Benth.; DC. Prod. 10: 535. 1846. Type Locauity: “Ad flumen Oregon.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silver Lake, Henderson 2265; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 465, 466: Wenache Region, Brandegee 1023; Ellensburg, Whited 497; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 153; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Henderson 2265; Pullman, Piper, 1665, July 28, 1894; Elmer 832; without locality, Vasey 450; Colville to Spokane, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ADENOSTEGIA. 1. Adenostegia capitata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 180. 1891. Cordylanthus capitatus Nutt.; DC. Prod. 10: 597. 1846. Type Locaity: “In Nova California.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Idaho and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Fett 1161; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, August, 1880; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, July, 1880; Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; without locality, Brandegee 1024; without locality, Vasey in 1889. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 519 ZONAL bistripuTION: Arid Transition. The Brandegee specimen was referred by Gray erroneously to A, ramosa (Nutt.), a species not known from Washington. ’ DIGITALIS. 1. Digitalis purpurea L. Sp. PI. 2: 621. 1753. FOXxGLOVE. Tyre Ltocatity: “In Europae australiore.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Union City, Piper. Abundantly introduced along the lower Columbia River. VERBENACEAE. Verbena Famity. VERBENA. Stems prostrate or decumbent; bracts exceeding the flowers. ......----- 1. V. bracteosa. Stems erect; bracts shorter than the flowers. Herbage densely soft-pubescent.......-..------------------------- 2. V. stricta. Herbage glabrous or nearly so......-.-.--------------+----+ +++ 3. V. hastata. 1. Verbena bracteosa Michx. Fl. 2: 13. 1803. Tyre Locatity: “In regione Ilinoiensi et in urbe Nashville.” Rance: Washington to California, Wisconsin and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 340; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Prosser, Henderson, May 26, 1892: Wenache, Whited 1373; Almota, Lake & Hull 606; Wawawai, Piper 1542; Mission, Kreager, August 22, 1902; Meyers Falls, Kreager 474; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Prosser, Cotton 621. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Verbena stricta Vent. Deser. Pl. Jard. Cels. pl. 53. 1800. Type Locauity: Ihinois. Rance: Washington to Ohio and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Meyers Falls. Areager 475. 3. Verbena hastata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 20. 1753. Verbena paniculata Lam. Encyc. 8: 548, 1808. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Canadae humidis.” Rance: Washington to Canada, New Mexico, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, July 9, 1897; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper, August 6, 1894; Alma, Elmer 537; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 605; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894; Meyers Falls, Kreager 469; Toppenish, Cotton 787. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. x SOLANACEAE. NicuTrsuHapEe F amity. Fruit a berry; corolla campanulate or rotate. Corolla campanulate, calyx campanulate becoming large and bladdery.. Prysatis. Corolla rotate; calyx small..........-.-.------------------ +--+ +--+ SOLANUM. Fruit a capsule; corolla funnelform. Capsule prickly; leaves dentate in ours. ....-.-.-...----------------- DaToRA. Capsule not prickly; leaves entire..........-----.----+------+----+--- NICOTIANA. PHYSALIS. Herbage pubescent; fruiting calyx sharply S-angled...............-.-.- 1. P. pubescens. Herbage glabrous, fruiting calyx obscurely 5 to 10-angled..-..-..------- 2. P. vwocarpa. 1. Physalis pubescens L. Sp. Pl. 1: 183. 1753. Type Locacity: Habitat in India utraque. 520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: California to lowa, New York, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson 2496. 2. Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. 26. 1819. Type Locairy: ‘Habitat unknown.” Probably originally from Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Bingen, Suksdorf 2284. SOLANUM. Perennial; climbing vine; leaves 3-lobed or 3-divided............-...-- 2. 8. dulcamara, Annuals; erect or prostrate. Plant armed with prickles; flowers yellow; leaves pinnatifid......- 1. S. rostratum. Plant not prickly. Stems prostrate; leaves deeply pinnatifid .............-...-.. 3. S. triflorum. Stems erect; leaves ovate, repand or entire_......2.....-.--- 4. S. nigrum. 1. Solanum rostratum Dunal, Sol. 234, 1813. Tyre Locauiry: “In horto Monspeliensi cultum.” Rance: Colorado and Nebraska to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced). 2. Solanum dulcamara L. Sp. Pl. 1: 185. 1753. BITTERSWEET. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Parker, Dunn, August 8, 1901; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1889; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 583; Spokane, Kreager 545; Selah Valley, Cotton 882. 8. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Gen. 1: 128. 1818. Type Locauity: “Near Fort Mandan.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Henderson 2495; Ellensburg, Whited. July, 1897; North Yakima, Piper 1806. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 186. 1753. Type Loca.ity: “ Habitat in Orbis totius cultis.” RanGE: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Tacoma, Fett 67; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1480, 2317, 2318; North Yakima, Piper 1787. Ophir, Elmer 525; Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897; Squaw Creek, Cotton 871. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. DATURA. Flowers white; prickles of the fruit unequal, the lower shorter ....-... 1. D. stramonium. Flowers purplish, prickles of the fruit equal..............-.-...-.-.. 2. D. tatula 1. Datura stramonium L Sp. P! 1: 179. 1753 JIMSON WEED. Type Locacity: “ Habitat in America, nunc vulgaris per Europem ”’ Reported in Suksdorf’s list, but we have seen no Washington specimens 2. Datura tatula L Sp Pl. ed. 2. 1:256. 1762. Type Locauity. Unknown SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Pullman. Piper, September 8, 1894; near Wawawai, Piper in 1902. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 521 NICOTIANA. 1. Nicotiana attenuata Torr.; S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 276. pl. 27. 1871. Type Locatity: “Rather common in the valleys and dry lower canyons of Nevada.” Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Elmer 478; Whited 1329; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein- weg in 1894; Watt, August, 1895; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 201; Bingen, Suksdorf 1482: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 477; Pasco, Henderson, June, 1892; Crab and Wilson crecks, Sandberg & Leiberg 317; near Moses Coulee, Lake d& Hull 584; Almota, Piper, September 9, 1896, August 26, 1894; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Moxee to North Yakima, Griffiths & Cotton 49. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. OROBANCHACEAE. Broomrare FaAMiIty. Anther cells not separated, their bases rounded....-...-.-.------------- BoscHNIAKIA. Anther cells separated below, the bases mucronate. No bracts on the calyx or the elongated peduncles... ...-.---------- THALESIA. One or two bracts on the calyx or the short pedicel. .....-.--.------ OROBANCHE. THALESIA. Calyx lobes subulate, longer than the tube. ..--.-.---- eee ee ee ee eee 1. F. uniflora. Calyx lobes triangular, shorter than the tube........-.--------------- 2. F. fasciculata. 1. Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 298. 1894. Orobanche uniflora L. Sp. Pl. 2: 6338. 1758. Aphyllon uniflorum Torr. & Gray in Gray, Man. ed. 1, 290. 1848. Thalesia purpurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 313. 1897. Aphyllon minutum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 155. 1900. Aphyllon sedi Suksdorf, loc. cit. Type vocauiry: “ Habitat in Virginia.”’ Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, Virginia, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2555; Whidby Island, Gardner 242; Baldy Creek, Lamb 1331; Tacoma, Fleft 198; Wenache Mountains, E/mer 463; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 327; Semiamoo Bay, Lyall in 1858; Kittitas, Lyall in 1860; Bingen, Suksdorf 2323; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2130; upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2089; Blue Mountains, Horner 396, 397; Pullman, Piper, May, 1894; Almota, Piper 1809; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 780; Clarkston, Hu ner 41: Wawawai, Elmer 776; without locality, Cooper; Stuart Island, Lawrence 101. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Thalesia fasiculata (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 298. 1894. Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. Gen. 2: 59. 1818. Aphyllon fasciculata Torr. & Gr. in Gray, Man. ed. 2. 281, 1856. Type Locauity: “In sandy alluvial soil about Fort Mandan,” North Dakota. Rance: British Columbia to California, Nebraska, Indiana, and Saskatchewan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, /lett 101; Elmer 2556; J. M. Grant in 1889; Whidby Island, Gardner 241; near Clealum, Henderson, June, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2098, 2102; Wenache, Whited, May 25, 1895: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1238; Pasco, Hindshaw 37; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 298; Coulee City, Piper 3873; Blue Mountains, Horner 399, 398; Wawawai, Piper, May 26, 1894; IIlia, Lake & Hull 779; Big Meadow, Kreager 415; Spokane, Dewart in 1901; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 679. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. OROBANCHE. Flowers pedicellate. Stems low, stout; anthers woolly ..............2...-2222.-2--- 1. O. comosa. Stems taller; anthers glabrous or hairy. ..............2....--.- 2. O. californica. Flowers subsessile; anthers glabrous or nearly so. Stems tuber-like at base, branched above. ................-.--- 3. O. pinorum. Stems not tuber-like at base, usually simple... .........2..----- 4. O. ludoviciana. 1. Orobanche comosa Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 92. 1838. Aphyllon comosum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876. Phelipoea comosa A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 122: 54. 1860. Tyee Locauiry: “ Banks of the Columbia.’”’ Collected by Douglas, by Scouler, and by Gairdner. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 358; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 82; with- out locality, Brandegee 1029; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 456; Chelan, Elmer 506; Grand Coulee, Lake & Hull 778; Soap Lake, McKay 3; Squaw Creek, Cotton 876; Rattle- snake Mountains, Cotton 764; Flat Top Island, Lawrence 103; Sucia Island, Flett 2755. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. 2. Orobanche californica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 3: 134. 1828. Aphyllon californica A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 584. 1876. Type Locauity: “E vicinia portus St. Francisco,” California. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla region, Brandegee 1030. 3. Orobanche pinorum Geyer; Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. 3: 297. 1851. Aphyllon pinetorum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876. Tyre Locatity: “Top of high mountains near St. Joseph, Coeur d’Aleine country. Growing on the roots of Abies balsamea,”’ Idaho. Collected by Geyer. RanGE: Eastern Washington and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia Valley, latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall, June, 1860; Ione, Kreager 403. ZONAL bistRiBuTION: Arid Transition. 4 Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 58. 1818. Aphyllon ludovicianum A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 585. 1876. Type Locauity: “In sandy alluvial soils around Fort Mandan,’’ North Dakota. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, Texas, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 436; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2248; Wawawai, Piper 2842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 720; Craigs Ferry, Cotton 1343; Granddalles, Westgate in 1905; “on roots of Psoralea verrucosa in the light drift sand desert at the mouth of Lewis and Walla Walla rivers,’ Geyer. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. BOSCHNIAKIA. 1. Boschniakia strobilacea A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 118. 1856. Type Locauity: ‘“ Dry and rocky hills South Yuba,” California. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Foulweather, Howell; near Union City, Piper in 1890; Bitter Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1127; Springfield, Robbins, May 10, 1897. The common host plants are Gaultheria shallon and Arctostaphylos tomentosa. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 523 PINGUICULACEAE. Aquatic plants; leaves dissected... ....-.....2.----.-2--------------- Urricu.aria. Terrestrial plants; leaves entire. ....-...-.-.------.--------+--------- PINGUICULA. UTRICULARIA. BLappERWoRT. Leaves 2 to 3-pinnately divided, very bladdery; flowers large... ....- - 1. U. vulgaris. Leaves repeatedly dichotomous; flowers small. Bladders mostly on leafless branches ..........-.-.-2-2-2------- 2. U. intermedia. Bladders among the leaves. Spur of corolla short and obtuse... ..-...-...------------- 3. U. minor. Spur of corolla conical, acute...............--------------- 4. U. occidentalis. 1. Utricularia vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 18. 1753. Type LocaLity: European. Rance: British Columbia to California, Texas, and Newfoundland. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper 1103; Whidby Island, Gardner 368; Olympia, Kincaid, June, 1896; Faleon Valley, Suksdorf 468. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Utricularia intermedia Hayne, Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1: 18. 1800. Type Locairy: “Habitat in inundatis prope Berolinum et Upsaliam.”’ RANGE: Subarctic regions, southward to California, Ohio, and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 168. 3. Utricularia minor L. Sp. PI. 1: 18. 1753. Type Locauiry: European. Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California, Utah, and New Jersey. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mud Lake, near Seattle, Piper in 1891; Olympia, Kincaid in 1896; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2239. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Utricularia occidentalis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 95. 1884. Tyre Locaity: “Washington Territory in Falcon Valley.’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 169 (type), 469; Henderson. 2. PINGUICULA. 1. Pinguicula vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 1753. Type Locauiry: European. Rance: Oregon to the Adirondacks and northward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2526; Mount Rainier, Piper 2067; Flett 237; Silverton, Bouck 177a; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1212; Brandegee 1031; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 582; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 793; Loomis, Elmer, September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. PLANTAGINACEAE. Puantain Faminy. PLANTAGO. PLANTAIN. Leaves ovate or lanceolate. Seeds numerous; leaves ovate............-.....-.-.------------- \. &. major. Seeds only 2 to 4; leaves lanceolate.............-...------------- 2. P. lanceolata. 524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves linear. Corolla lobes spreading in fruit. Leaves fleshy; seaside plant. ...........-..----------------- 3. P. maritima, Leaves not fleshy. Spikes woolly; bracts short ..........--.-.------------- 4, P. purshir. Spikes not woolly; bracts long... ..........-.----------- 5. P. aristata. Corolla lobes closed over the fruit. Spikes short, dense; capsules 3 to 4mm. long .........-...--- 6. P. bigelovit. Spikes slender; capsules 2 mm. long......-...-..------------ 7. P. elongata. 1. Plantago major L. Sp. PI. 1: 113. 1753. Type Locauity: European. Rance: Nearly cosmopolitan. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck in 1899; Seattle, Piper, July 1, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 223; Ellensburg, Whited 548; North Yakima, Wa/t, August, 1895. One form of this plant found on gravelly lake shores and in salt marshes seems to be native. 2. Plantago lanceolata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 1138. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Silverton, Bouck; Pullman, Piper, July 20, 1894. A common weed in lawns and pastures. 3. Plantago maritima L. Sp. Pl. 1: 114. 17538. Type Locauity: “Habitat in littoribus marimis Europae borealis.”’ RanGe: Seacoasts, Labrador to New Jersey and Alaska to California. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 252; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 118; Clallam County, Elmer 2817. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. Syst. 3: 120. 1818. Plantago lagopus 1. err. det. Pursh, Fl. 1:99. 1814. Plantago gnaphalioides Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818. Plantago patagonica gnaphalioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 391. 1878. Type Locauity: ‘In dry situations on the banks of the Missouri.” Range: British Columbia to Ontario and Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Wenache, Whited 169, 1097; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 392; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Zyadl in 1860; Pasco, Hindshaw 1; Henderson, June 12, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 278; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Areager 141, 16; Chelan, Elmer 505: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 13, 1892; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 655; Piper, June 9, 1894; Okanogan, Griffiths & Cotton 285; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 546; Brewster, Griffiths & Cotton 256; Wenache, Griffiths & Cotton 145. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 5. Plantago aristata Michx. Fl. 1: 95. 1803. Plantago patagonica aristata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 269. 1856. Tyre Locatity: ‘In pratensibus I]linoensium.” Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, New Mexico, and Texas. Spreading as a weed eastward. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Gardner 376. 6. Plantago bigelovii A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 4: 117. 1856. Type LOcALITy: Benicia, California. RanGE: British Columbia to California along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 424; Seattle, Piper & Smith 1088. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE 7. Plantago elongata Pursh, Fl. 2: 729. 1814. Plantago pusilla Nutt. Gen. 1: 100. 1818. Tyrer cocatity: “In Upper Louisiana.” Rance: Washington to New England and Texas. OF WASHINGTON. 525 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 306; Major Creek, Suksdorf, May 4, 1886. RUBIACEAE. Mapper FAMILY. Leaves whorled, without stipules .......-...------------------- GaLiuM (p. 525). Leaves opposite, stipulate Annuals; fruit hispid or hirsute. KELLOGGIA (p. 527). Leaves mostly in 4’s; stems erect, smooth ....-.--- 3. G. bifolium. Leaves 6 to 8 in each whorl; stems rough on the angles. Stems erect or ascending; fruit 2 to 3 mm. broad _.. 2.2... ------ 2-2-2202 ee ee eee 1. G. vaillantit. Stems reclining; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad. ..--- - 2. G. aparine. Perennials. Stems wholly herbaceous. Leaves 3-nerved in whorls of four. Fruit hispid. Leaves oblong-ovate, acutish .-..- --- 4a. G. kamtschaticum oreganum. Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse... 4. @. kamtschaticum. Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; leaves linear ....2.---.----------------+--- 5. G. boreale. Leaves I-nerved. Whorls containing four, five, or six leaves; fruit smooth. Flowers in clusters of three, or solitary- axillary ........----------------- 6. G. trifidum. Flowers cymose, numerous... ......-- 7. @. eymosum. Whorls containing six leaves; fruit not smooth. Fruit granulate-scabrous..........-.. 8. @. asperrimum. Fruit hispid with hooked hairs....... 9. G. triflorum. Stems sulTrutescent. Hlerbage glabrous. Leaves ovate, thick........-..---------- 10. G. multiflorum. Leaves oblong, thin .....-.------------- 10a. G. multiflorum watsont. Herbage puberulent; leaves ovate ......------ 10b. G. multiflorum puberulum. 1. Galium vaillantii DC. Fl. Fr. 4: 263. 1805. Galium aparine minor [us] Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833. Galium aparine vaillantii Koch, Fl. Germ. 330. 1837. Type Locairy: Near Paris, France. Rance: British Columbia to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1659 and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Coulee City, Piper 3858; Kamiak Butte, Piper 3558. 2. Galium aparine L. Sp. PI. 1: 108. 1753. Type Locauity: European. Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California and Texas. (2); between Coulee City Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4007; Lopez Island, Lyall in 1858; Peshastin, 526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM, THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Sandberg & Leiberg 505; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1659; Skokomish River, Hender- son, May 12, 1892; Pullman, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Galium bifolium 8. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 134. 1871. Type Locauity: ‘In the Trinity, Battle, and East Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, and in the Wahsatch.”’ Rance: Washington to California, Colorado, and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 328; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1101; Klickitat River, Flett 1194; Blue Mountains, Piper 2406. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian? 4. Galium kamtschaticum Steller; Roem. & Schult. Mant. 3: 186. 1827. Type LocaLity: Kamtschatka. Range: Alaska to New England and Washington. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 754. 4a. Galium kamtschaticum oreganum (Britton). Galium oreganum Britton, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 31. 1894. Type Locauity: Oregon. Collected by Howell. RanGe: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Lake Cushman, Piper 921: Mount Adams, Flett 1192; Goat Mountains, Allen 296; Cascade Mountains, Suksdorf 22; Ska- mania County, Suksdorf 864; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, May, 1892; Stampede Pass, Hen- derson, July 26, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. Galium boreale L. Sp. Pl. 1: 108. 1753. Galium boreale linearifolium Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 375. 1900. Type Locaity: ‘“ Habitat in Europae borealis pratis.”’ Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Texas, and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /edler 4020; San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn: Snoqualmie Smith 605; Beaver Creek, Whited 18, 228; Ellensburg, Whited 437; North Yakima and Spokane, Henderson, May 27, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Hull 556; Piper 1504; without locality Vasey in 1899. In some of the older botanical works our plant is erroneously referred to the European (. rubioides L. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 6. Galium trifidum subbiflorum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 399. 1897. Type Locatity: Colorado. Rance: Washington to Alberta, south to Arizona and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Lamb 1107; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Ellensburg, Whited 480; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 606; Pullman, Piper, July 25, 1895; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 444. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. This subspecies has the flowers often 2 to each pedicel, and leaves 8 to 10 mm. long. The northwestern plants referred by Hooker@ to G. claytoni Michx. and G. tinetorium L. undoubtedly belong to G. trifidum. 6a. Galium trifidum pacificum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 400. 1897. Type LocaLity: Placer County, California. Rance: Washington to California. a Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 288. 1840. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 527 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1220; Clallam County, Elmer 2547; Seattle, Piper; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1661. This subspecies has solitary flowers and leaves 15 to 25 mm. long. 7. Galium cymosum Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 401. 1897. Type LocaLity: Tacoma, Washington. Collected by Flett. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4009; Tacoma, Flett 165, 37; Stuart Island, Lawrence 87; Port Crescent, Lawrence 290. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 8. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad. 4: 60. 1849. Type Locauiry: “ Wet places, near irrigating ditches, Sante Fe,’’ New Mexico. Rance: Washington to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 584; Spangle, Suksdorf 923; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; Meyers Falls, Kreager, August 20, 1902, and 508; Pullman, Piper 1804, 1717; Henderson 2487; Elmer. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 9. Galium triflorum Michx. FI. 1: 80. 1803. Type LocaLity: Canada. Rance: Alaska to Canada, southward to California, Colorado, and Alabama. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Eimer 2458; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall, in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 98; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 7, 1892; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 791; Ellensburg, Whited, June 22, 1897; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 651; Blue Mountains, Horner 368; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 34; Mount Rainier, Flett 2150. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 10. Galium multiflorum Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 97. 1863. Tyre LocaLiry: Washoe, Nevada. Rance: Washington to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, /Horner, August 1, 1896; without locality, Brandegee 814. 10a. Galium multiflorum watsoni A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 40. 1884. Tyre Locauity: “Cafons and gulches, N. Arizona to E. Oregon and adjacent Idaho.’ Rance: Washington and Idaho to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 372, 373. ? 10b. Galium multiflorum puberulum subsp. nov. Whole herbage densely and finely hirtellous; leaves oblong to elliptical or the upper ones ovate. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Wenache. Whited 88, 1108; Ellensburg, Elmer 414 (type); without locality, Brandegee 813; without locality, Vasey in 1889; junction Cool and Crab creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 224; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 696. KELLOGGIA. 1. Kelloggia galioides Torr. Bot. Wilkes. Exped. 332. 1874. Type LocaLiry: Walla Walla River, Washington. Rance: Washington to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Gorman, August 7, 1897; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1021; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 479; Wenache region, Brandegee 816; Roslyn, Whited 473; Clealum, Henderson in 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckie FaAMIty. Corolla tubular or campanulate; styles elongate. . Creeping vine; flowers in pairs; fruit dry. .........----- Linnaka (p. 528). Shrubs, erect or climbing; fruit a berry. Corolla short, campanulate, regular... 2.2... ----- SYMPHORICARPOS (p. 528). Corolla tubular, irregular .........--2----.--------- LoniIcerA (p. 529). Corolla rotate or open campanulate, in compound cymes. Leaves pinnate ..........-.---------- +--+ +--+ ---- eee SAMBUCUS (p. 530). Leaves simple _.......----------------- +--+ --------- ViBURNUM (p. 531). LINNAEA. 1. Linnaea americana Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 135. 1833. Linnaea borealis longiflora Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 327. 1874. Linnaea longiflora Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 280. 1900. Type Locauiry: ‘ America.”’ Ranae: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Oregon, Colorado, and Maryland. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, L/mer 2739; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Silverton, Bouck 93; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 19; Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 547; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carl- ton, Kreager 181. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition and Canadian. SYMPHORICARPOS. Waxserry. Corolla campanulate, 2 to 4 mm. long. Erect shrub; leaves glabrous. ...........----------------------- 1. S. racemosus. Trailing shrub; leaves pubescent... ....-.....------------------- 2.8. mollis. Corolla cylindric-campanulate, 6 to 7 mm. long..-...-.--------------- 3. S. acutus. 1. Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. Fl. 1: 107. 180 Tyre cocauiry: “Ad lacus Mistassins,’’ Canada. Rance: British Columbia to Canada, southward to California and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3948; Clallam County, Elmer 2738; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Silverton, Bouck 121a; Orchard Point, Piper, July 15, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 152; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 6, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf ; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf ; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 804; Ellensburg, Whited 456; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Pullman, Hull 542; Piper 1892, 1690; Elmer 836; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 2, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper 2418; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clarks Springs, Kreager 563, 36; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 694. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species varies considerably, especially in the pubescence and the thickness of the leaves. Woodland forms tend to be thinner-leaved than the prairie form, and are usually more pubescent beneath. All gradations seem to occur between plants with leaves per- fectly glabrous beneath and those which are quite pubescent. According to Fernald,« the latter is the typical S. racemosa Michx., while the perfectly smooth form he considers a subspecies, S. racemosa laevigata Fernald. 2. Symphoricarpos mollis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 4. 1841. Type Locauiry: ‘St. Barbara, California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Alen 105; Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; McAllisters, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Blue Mountains, Piper 2412; without locality, Cooper; without locality, Vasey in 1889. a Rhodora 7: 167. 1905. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 529 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The northwestern specimens that have been referred to S. pauciflorus (Robbins) Howell! belong apparently to S. mollis. 3. Symphoricarpos acutus (A. Gray) Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 281. 1900. Symphoricar pos mollis acutus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 14. 1878. Symphoricarpos vaccinoides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 371. 1900. Type Locatity: “Washington Terr., east of the Cascade Mountains.” Collected by Pickering and Breckenridge. RANGE: Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Pickering & Breckenridge; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 188; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 367; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 328; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1282; Nile River, Henderson 2565; Blue Mountains, Piper 2394; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian? The type of S. aeutus has unusually narrow leaves, but it seems not distinguishable from S. vaccinoides. This species is near S. rotundifolius A. Gray, to which specimens have commonly been referred. SYMPHORICARPOS OCCIDENTALIS ¢ Is said in the original description to have been collected at ‘Fort Vancouver” by Douglas; Cooper also lists this species as ‘‘common.”’ With little doubt these references belong to S. racemosus, as no trace of S. occidentalis has been found by recent collectors in Washington. LONICERA. Honeysuck te. Climbing shrubs; flowers in terminal clusters; upper leaves connate- perfoliate. Flowers orange; stamens and style little exserted... 2... 2.2.2... - 1. L. etliosa. Flowers pink; stamens and style long-exserted .._-.-.-.-...-.--- 2. L. his~dula. Krect shrubs; flowers on axillary peduncles in pairs; upper leaves not connate. ’ Bracts large, foliaceous; flowers yellow: fruit black... 2.2.22... -- 3. L. involuerata. Bracts small and narrow. Leaves somewhat pale beneath; berries blue-black... 2.2... - 6. L. coerulea. Leaves green on both sides; berries red. Corolla dark-purple, 2-lipped.......-.-.---- 2. -.-.----- 4. L. conjugialis. Corolla whitish, its lobes subequal... .........---.----- 5. L. utahensis. 1. Lonicera ciliosa (Pursh) Poir. Encyc. Suppl. 5: 612. 1817. Caprifolium ciliosum Pursh, Fl. 1: 160. 1814. Lonicera occidentalis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 17: pl. 1457. 1831. Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Kooskoosky,” Idaho. Collected by Lewis, near the present town of Kamiah. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana, southward to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3938; upper Valley Nisqually, Allen 113; Seattle, Piper, June, 1892; Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Flett 1264; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 554; Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1859; lower Cascades, Suksdorf; Skokomish Valley, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 200; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 217. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The color of the flowers of this species varies from pale orange to nearly scarlet. 2. Lonicera hispidula Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1761. 1836. Caprifolium hispidulum Lindl. |. c. a Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 285. 1840. OOM jt 29418 530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Lonicera? microphylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 283. 1833, not Willd. 1819. Type Locatity: “In the woods of North West America.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puget Sound, Henderson in 1892; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 128. ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Lonicera involucrata Banks; Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ, 733. 1823. Lonicera ledebouri Esch. Mem. Acad. Petersb. 10: 284. 1826. Xylosteum involucratum Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823. Typr Locauity: “Wooded country from 54° to 64° north,” British America. Rance: Alaska to Canada southward to California, Colorado, and Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited, August 28, 1898; Piper, May 20, 1897; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 543; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 436; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 215; Entiat Creek, Mrs. Howe; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 610; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Carlton, Kreager 256; Hoquiam, Lamb 1014; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Fett 60; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Ilwaco, Piper 4956; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 197; Clealum Creek, Cotton 829. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Lonicera conjugialis Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2: 67. 1863. Xylosteum conjugialis Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1902. Tyre Locauity: “ Washoe,’ Nevada. Collected by Dr. J. A. Veatch. Rance: Washington and Idaho to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 389; Simcoc Mountains, Howell 296; Big Klickitat River, Henderson August 4, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. Lonicera utahensis S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 133. 1871. Lonicera ebractulata Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 372. 1900. Xylosteum utahense Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 282. 1900. Type Locaity: ‘Wasatch Mountains, Utah, in Cottonwood Canon; 9,000 feet alti- tude.” Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 99; Elmer 2736; Blue Mountains, Horner 319, Piper, July, 1896; Mount Carlton, Kreager 283. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 6. Lonicera coerulea L. Sp. Pl. 1: 174. 1753. X ylosteum villosum Michx. Fl. 1: 106. 1803. Type Locaity: “In Helvetia.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to California, Wisconsin, and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 559. SAMBUCUS. ELper. Inflorescence flat-topped; berries black with a bloom. ......-.------- 1. S. glauca. Inflorescence pyramidal. Berries red, rarely yellow or chestnut... ...-.------------------ 2. 8. callicarpa. Berries black.........--------2 e222 eee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee eeeee- 8. 8. melanocarpa. 1. Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 13. 1841. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon, near the Blue Mountains.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and L[daho to California and Nevada. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 5381 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2740; Seattle, Piper; Nisqually Valley, Allen 302; Wenache, Whited 1248; Ellensburg, Whited, June 6, 1897: Olympia, Heller 4050; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 363; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 546: Blue Mountains, Piper, August 2, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1726; without locality, Brandegee 809; without locality, Vasey 289; Clarks Springs, Areager 73, 560; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 757; Stehekin, Griffiths & Cotton 224. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition, especially Arid. The name Sambucus coerulea Raf. Alsographia Am. 48. 1838, undoubtedly pertains to our plant, but it may be questioned if it is really published. Rafinesque bases the name wholly upon a brief mention in the journals of Lewis and Clark of an elder with blue berries. 2. Sambucus callicarpa Greene, Fl. Fran. 342. 1892. Sambucus racemosa arborescens (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 13. 1841, not 8. arbor- ‘escens Gilib. 1: 5. 1792. Sambucus leiosperma Leiberg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 11: 40. 1897. Sambucus pubens Michx. var. Cooper Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 64. 1860. Sambucus arborescens Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 279. 1900. Type Locatity: “By streams *- * * along the Coast Range,” California. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2737; Skokomish River, Kincaid in 1890: Seattle, Piper in 1887; Montesano, Heller 3922; Cape Disappointment, Engelmann & Sar- gent, July 13, 1880; Silverton, Bouck 95; Bridge Creek, Elmer 662; Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Whited 1435; without locality Vasey in 1889; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 670; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 545; Wenache region, Brandegee 808 (the last two specimens have the nutlets somewhat rugose). ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. The fruit is usually brilliant scarlet, but occasionally yellow. Along the bluff between Seattle and Everett the great majority of the plants have the fruit chestnut-colored, but the plants are otherwise identical with the ordinary scarlet-fruited form. 3. Sambucus melanocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 76. 1883. Type Loca.ity: “First collected in New Mexico by Fendler.” Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1664, 327; Blue Mountains, Piper 2452, Mount Carlton, Kreager 246. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 5. VIBURNUM. Cyme radiant, that is the outer flowers neutral and enlarged. .....-- - 1. V. opulus. Cyme not radiant. Leaves roundish, mostly 3-lobed....... 22.22... -22.-2-2------- 2. V. pauciflorum. Leaves oval to elliptic, dentate... .. 2222.22.22 2 eee 3. V. ellipticum. 1. Viburnum opulus L. Sp. PI. 1: 268. 1753. Viburnum opulus americanum Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 373. 1789. Type Locatity: European. RanGeE: British Columbia to New Brunswick, south to Oregon and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4976. Reported by Lyall@ as occurring on Sumas River, latitude 49°. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 17.1841. Hiau Busi CRANBERRY. — Viburnum acerifolium L. err. det. Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Peterb. VI. 2: 144. 1832. Type Locauity: Newfoundland. a Journ. Linn. Soc. 7: 135. 1864. 5382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Alaska to Labrador, southward to Washington, Colorado, Saskatchewan, and New England. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 94: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 388; Goose Lake, Flett 1315; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 722; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 548; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 3. Viburnum ellipticum Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 280. 1833. Viburnum ellipticum macrocarpum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. 1900. Type Locatiry: “Common on the branches of the Columbia near its confluence with the Pacific.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to north California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lower Cascades, Suksdorf in 1886; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1213; Cape Horn, Piper 5019. According to Suksdorf there are two distinct subspecies, one distinguished by having much larger fruit than the other. VALERIANACEAE. VALERIAN FAMILY. Perennials; calyx limb of 5 to 15 plumose slender lobes, inrolled until fruiting ........-...---.-.-------- +--+ 2-222 eee eee eee VALERIANA. Annuals; calyx limb obsolete or nearly so... -.-.--------------++-+-++ VALERIANELLA. VALERIANA. Leaflets thick, entire; root large, fusiform. .......-.---------- 1. V. ceratophylla. Leaflets thin, mostly serrate; rootstocks creeping. Tube of corolla slender, twice as long as the limb; stamens included. .....-.------ coe ee ee ce ee ee ee ee eee eee ee eeeee 3. V. columbiana. Tube of corolla short, less than twice the limb. Leaflets coarsely dentate........-..----------------- 2. V. sitchensis. Leaflets entire or nearly so........----------------- Qa. V. sutchensis scouleri. 1. Valeriana ceratophylla (Hook). ToBACCO ROOT. Valeriana edulis Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841. Patrinia ceratophylla Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 290. 1833. Type Locatity: “Common in low, wet soils between the Kettle Falls and Spokan.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Arizona and New Mexico and eastward to Ohio. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; Ellensburg, Whited 6; Sprague, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Spokane County, Suksdorf 329; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 53; “Kettle Falls to Spokane, plentiful,” Douglas, Pullman, Piper 1506; Hull 541; Elmer 822. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 145. 1882. Type Loca.ity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, ./. M. Grant in 1890; Baldy Peak, Lamb 13392: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 8, 1892; Suksdorf 467; Mashel River, Piper 2629: Silverton, Bouck 99; Goose Lake, Flett 1203; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 691; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 440; Okanogan County, Whited 47, 182; Cascade Mountains, Steinweg in 1894; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull 540; Blue Mountains, Piper, July 15, 1896; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer 2792. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. In Cooper’s Report, p. 64, this plant was erroneously referred to V. capitata Willd. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 533 2a. Valeriana sitchensis scouleri (Rydberg). Valeriana scouleri Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 377. 1900. Valeriana capitata hookeri Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 48. 1841, not V. hookeriana Wight & Arn. 1834. Type Locauity: “ Moist rocks and islands of the Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas and by Scouler. ‘ Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Baldy, Olympic Mountains, Conard 296; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 256; Eatonville, Flett 2204; Mashel River, Piper in 1889; Mount Rainier, Allen 243; Montesano, Heller 3937. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 3. Valeriana columbiana Piper, Bot. Gaz. 22: 489. 1896. Type LocaLity: Mountains near Wenache. Collected by Whited. RanGe: Wenache Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 551; ridge west of Wenache, Whited 140. | ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. VALERIANA SYLVATICA Banks appears in Suksdorf’s list, but we have been unable to find any good evidence that this species occurs within our limits. VALERIANELLA. Fruit obscurely keeled on the back; cotyledons incumbent. Wings broad, as long as the body of the fruit..........-.-.--- 1. V. macrocera. Wings narrow, shorter than the body of the fruit... ........... 2. V. mamiullata. Fruit strongly keeled on the back; cotyledons accumbent. Flowers rose-color; fruit broadly winged... ...........-...-.. 3. V. congesta. Flowers pale or white. Corolla spurless; fruit winged ..........-.-.-.----------- 4. V. anomala. Corolla spurred. Fruit winged ........... 2-2-2 -.-.---.------------- 5. V. aphanoptera. Fruit wingless............-.-----------2-2-2------- 6. V. samolifolia. Mr. Suksdorf erects the latter group of species into a genus, Aligera, and the former group he retains in Plectritis, considering both distinct from Valerianella. 1. Valerianella macrocera (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883. Plectritis macrocera Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 50. 1841. Aligera grayi Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897. Type Locaity: California. Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23, 25, 218, 24, 5, 330; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; Whited 311; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Leckenby; Hender- son; Flett 1038; Tampico, Flett 1219; Wenache, Whited 1030; Pasco, Piper 2957; Dou- glas County, Spillman; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 206; Henderson, May 20, 1892; Spokane, Piper 2945; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 60; Waitsburg, Horner; Pull- man, Piper 1789; Hull; Elmer 179; Wawawai, Piper 1505; opposite Clarkston, Horner 32; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 314; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 335. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. Mr. Suksdorf considers that this species is really an aggregate of several, which he dis- tinguishes as follows, so far as the Washington species are concerned: Yorolla pale, the limb equally 5-lobed. Wings as long as the body of the fruit... ..-.......------------- V. grayi. Wings much shorter than the body of the fruit..........-.--------- V. mamillata. 534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Corolla 2-lipped, rose-colored. Corolla 2 to 3 mm. long; spur 2 to 3 mm. long. Wings longer than the body of the fruit........-.-.-.2.-.-.-.- V. macroptera. Wings shorter than the body of the fruit. ........2.2.2...-.-.- V. macrocera. Corolla 1.5 mm. long; spur 1 mm. long. . Lessee . ... V.rubens. True macrocera on this basis is confined to Califor nia. "The r remaining segregates occur in Washington. 2. Valerianella mamillata (Suksdorf). Aligera mamillata Suksd.; Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 147. 1897. TYPE LOCALITY: Simcoe Mountains, Washington. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Simcoe Mountains, Suksdorf. This species seems to us perfectly valid, the fruit appearing long-beaked partly owing to the short wings. 3. Valerianella congesta Lindl. Bot. Reg. 13: pl. 1094. 1827. Plectritis congesta DC. Prod. 4: 631. 1830. Plectritis microptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 119. 1897. Betckea major Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. I]. 5: 30. 1837. Plectritis major Hoeck; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 3: 37. 1882. Type Locatity: “Native of the north-west coast of North America.” Collected by Douglas in 1826. RanGE: British Columbia to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 147; Admiralty Head, Piper, May, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 55, 55; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, May, 1881; Bingen, Sheldon 10220; Cape Horn, Piper 4984. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Three forms of this plant occur as to fruit, one wingless (major), the second narrowly winged (microptera), the third broadly winged (congesta). They are considered distinct species by Suksdorf, but they do not differ in any character but the fruit. All three forms occur in Washington. Plectritis congesta minor Hook. has usually been considered a synonym of V. macrocera, but its type locality “near the mouth of the Columbia” is a region where macrocera is not known to occur. 4. Valerianella anomala A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883. Plectritis anomala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897. Type Locatity: ‘Wet grounds on the Columbia River and near it.’’ Collected: by Howell and by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1021; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 26; Bingen, Sheldon 10221. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Valerianella aphanoptera A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883. Plectritis aphanoptera Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 4: 144. 1897. TYPE LocaLity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGe: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 9, 1882. 6. Valerianella samolifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 83. 1883. Betckea samolifolia DC. Prod. 4. 642. 1830. TYPE LocALity: “In pascuis montanis prope la Punta de Cortes Chilensium.” RANGE: Washington to ¢ to California. Chile. @Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 291. 1834. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 585 ‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Admiralty Head, Piper in 1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 111, 332; Port Crescent, Lawrence 263. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. VALERIANELLA OLITORIA (L.) Poll., the cultivated ‘‘corn salad,” is an occasional garden escape. DIPSACEAE. 1. DIPSACUS. 1. Dipsacus sylvestris Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. no. 1. 1768. TEASEL. TyPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Townsend, Edwards, July, 1896; Spokane Dewart, August 20, 1902; Waitsburg, Piper, July 19, 1896. CUCURBITACEAE. (Gourp FaAmILy. 1. MICRAMPELIS. 1. Micrampelis oregana (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 129. 1890. Megarrhiza oregana Torr. Pac. R. Rep. 6: 74. 1855. Sicyos oreganus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 1: 542. 1840. Echinocystis oregana Cogn. Mem. Cour. Ac. Belg. 28: 87. 1878. Sicyos angulatus L. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 220. 1834. Type Locatity: “On the Oregon from near its mouth to Kettle Falls.” Collected by Scouler, Douglas, and Tolmie. Rance: British Columbia to California in the coast region. Umatilla County, Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3873; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858; Tacoma, Flett 184; East Sound, Henderson, July, 1892; Fort Vancouver, *Tolmie; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 127. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. CAMPANULACEAE. Buvurpett Famity. Corolla regular; anthers separate. Calyx lobes narrow; capsules opening by small valve-like lat- eral openings. Corolla rotate; earlier flowers cleistogamous......-.-.- SPECULARIA (p. 536). Corolla campanulate; no cleistogamous flowers... ...- -- CAMPANULA (p. 536). Calyx lobes large, foliaceous. Corolla tubular-campanulate; capsule opening by a hole at the apex; no cleistogamous flowers... ....-.----- GitHoprsis (p. 535). Corolla open-campanulate; capsules bursting irregularly ; earlier flowers cleistogamous. .....---.------------- Herrerocopon (p. 537). Corolla irregular; anthers united. Tube of the corolla cleft to the base on one side... ......-- Rapuntium (p. 537). Tube of the corolla very long, not cleft..............----- Bote. (p. 537). GITHOPSIS. 1. Githopsis specularioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 258, 1843. Type Locatity: ‘Plains near the outlet of the Wahlamet,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: American Lake, /lett, June 10, 1895; foothills, Blue Mountains, Horner 158; Waitsburg, Horner 402; without locality, Cooper; Almota, Sheldon in 1898. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECULARIA. 1. Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Monogr. Camp. 351. 1830. VENUS’S LOOKING-GLASS. Campanula perfoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1: 169. 1753. Legouzva perfoliata Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 309. 1894. Type Locatity: ‘Habitat in Virginia.” Rance: Washington to Canada, southward to Utah and Texas. Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 186; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Bingen, Suksdorf 1548; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Fort Vancouver, G. H. Hicks, June 24, 1890; Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Almota, Lake & Hull 558; Wawawai, Elmer 756; Piper 1888; Clarks Springs, Spokane County, Kreager 901. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. CAMPANULA. Cerolla lobes spreading; style longer than the corolla. .... 2.22.2... - 1. C. scouleri. Corolla lobes erect; style included. Herbage puberulent; leaves all entire... 22.2 .22222 2222-02-22. 4. C. scabrella. Herbage glabrous; at least the basal leaves not entire. Cauline leaves linear, entire; basal orbicular or cordate... ... 2. C’. rotundifolia. Cauline leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; basal similar... 3. (. piperi. 1. Campanula scouleri Hook.; A. DC. Monog. Camp. 312. 1830. Type Locatiry: “Fort Vancouver on the Columbia,” Washington. Collected — by Scouler. Rance: Alaska to California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3956; Orchard Point, Piper, July, 1895; Seattle, Piper 127; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 21; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 76; McAllis- ters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Tumwater Canyon, Wenache River, Whited 1454; without locality, Vasey 389, 387; Clallam County, Elmer 2741. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. Hooker @ distinguishes two subspecies as follows: C. scouleri hirsutula, with the calyx lobes erect, and C. scouleri glabra, with the calyx lobes open-spreading. 2. Campanula rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1: 163. 1753. Campanula linifolia DC. err. det. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 27. 1834. TYPE LOCALITY: European. ; Rance: Alaska to Labrador, south to Mexico, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 257; Piper, August 1895, 467; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Woodlawn, Henderson, June 22, 1892: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1549; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1900; Horseshoe Basin, Lake d& Hull 557: Spokane, Piper, July 18, 1894; Spokane Region, Spalding; Silverton, Bouck 118; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Clallam County, Elmer 2742; Tumwater Canyon, Whited 1454. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. This species is very variable and has been considered an aggregate of several species. Our ordinary form with erect sepals and thickish leaves accords with C. petiolata DC.» 3. Campanula piperi Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 409. 1901. TyPE LocaLity: Mount Steele, Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 125, 814; Elmer 2743; Mount Steele, Piper 2217; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 342. aF}. Bor. Am. 2: 28. 1834. b Monogr. Camp. 278. 1830. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 537 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. . This species is allied to C. aurita Greene of Alaska, to which it has been referred. 4, Campanula scabrella Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 6: 237. 1881. Type cocauity: ‘On bleak rocky ridge of Scott Mountain, west of Mt. Shasta,’’ Cali- fornia. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Brandegee 937; Mount Stuart, Brandegee 938; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 38; Howell 418. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. HETEROCODON. .1. Heterocodon rariflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 8: 255. 1843. Tyre Locauity: ‘Grassy plains of the Wahlamet and Oregon,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson, June 13, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 584; Glenwood, Flett 1209; Klickitat River, Flett 1147; Pullman, Piper 1855, 1718; without locality, Cooper; Clarks Springs, Kreager 14. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. RAPUNTIUM. Lose ta. Aquatic; leaves all basal, terete, hollow..............-.--- ween eee 1. R. dortmanna. Terrestrial; stems leafy............-----.---------------2---+----- 2. R. kalmit. 1. Rapuntium dortmanna (L.) Presl, Prod. Mon. Lobel. 18. 1836. Lobelia dortmanna L. Sp. Pl. 2: 929. 1753. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae frigidissimae lacubus & ripis.”’ RANGE: Subarctic regions, southward to Washington and Pennsylvania. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 983; Gardner 412; Lake Crescent, Lawrence 312. 2. Rapuntium kalmii (L.) Presl, Prod. Monogr. Lobel. 23. 1836. Lobelia kalmui L. Sp. Pl. 2: 930. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Canada.”’ Rance: Washington to Nova Scotia, south to Ohio and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Priest Rapids, Cotton 1382. BOLELIA. 1. Bolelia elegans (Dougl.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 126. 1890. Clintonia elegans Doug]. Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1241. 1829. Downingia elegans Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 2: 375. 1874. Type Locauity: “On the plains of the Columbia near Walla Walla River and near the head springs of the Multnomah.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Harrison, H. H. Garretson in 1895; Manor, Clarke County, Piper, July 14, 1897; Centralia, Lamb 1129; Colville, Watson in 1880; Lake Kalispel, Kreager, August 9, 1902 and 316; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 287; Pullman, Hull 454; Piper 1728; without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. CICHORIACEAE. Cuicory Famiry. Pappus none; akenes 20 to 30-nerved; flowers vellow.......-..- - Laprsana (p. 538). Pappus present. Bristles of pappus scale-like or plumose. 538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Flowers not yellow. Akenes beaked ; pappus brown, plumose; flowers violet. TRaAGoPoGON (p. 539). Akenes beakless. Pappus a crown of short scales; flowers blue... . CrcHorium (p. 538). Pappus plumose; flowers pink or white... .-..- - PrILoria (p. 539). Flowers yellow. Receptacle chaffy; pappus bristles plumose, not broad- ened at base .....-.........------------------- HyYPocHaERIs(p.541), Receptacle naked; pappus scale-like, or the bristles broadened at base. Heads nodding when young; scales 15 to 20, each bearing a very plumose awn. .....-.--------- Pritocatals (p. 541). Heads erect even when young. , Pappus of plumose or subplumose bristles slightly enlarged at base. Heads solitary on bractless scapes or peduncles _........-2.--..-02...-. ScorRZONELLA (p. 540). Heads usually several on branching bracteolate scapes .-..---- Lace ceeee Lrontopon (p. 541). Pappus of chaff-like scales. Scales 20 to 24, linear-lanceolate, not awned ........-...-.-.----------- Noruocatats (p. 540). Seales 5 to 10, awned, the awn rising from the notched apex.........-.... Uropaprrvs (p. 539). Bristles of pappus capillary, never plumose. Heads solitary; leaves all basal. Akenes smooth at apex, beakless or long-beaked . . . . . AGOSER’S (p. 541). Akenes spinulose at apex, long-beaked............-- TARAXACUM (p. 545). Heads several; leaves not all basal. Akenes flattened. Flowers yellow; akenes truncate, not beaked.... Soncuus (p. 549). Flowers blue, pink, or yellow; akenes narrow at summit or beaked..........-.---2-----.--- Lactuca (p. 548). Akenes terete, cylindric or prismatic. , Pappus white, persistent.............-.-.--.-.- Crepts (p. 545). Pappus tawny. . Flowers yellow (or in one species white)... . H1eractum (p. 546). Flowers pinkish -.-...-.-...-.----------- NABALUS (p. 548.) LAPSANA. 1. Lapsana communis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 811. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 146; Vancouver, Piper, July 10, 1899. CICHORIUM. 1. Cichorium intybus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 813. 1753. CHIcoryY. Type Locauity: “Hab. in Europa ad margines agrorum viarumque.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1892. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 539 PTILORIA. Pappus bristles fuscous, short-plumose to the base... ......----------- 1. P. paniculata. Pappus bristles white. Plumose to the very base... ...-.----------- Dee ee ee ee eee 2. P. tenuifolia. Plumose only above the middle... --- wee ee eee ee ee eee ee ee eee 3. P. exiqua. 1. Ptiloria paniculata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890. Stephanomeria paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 7: 428. 1841. Type Lcocauity: “On the Rocky Mountain plains towards the Colorado.” Range: Washington and Idaho to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Piper 2757; Pasco, Henderson, June 12, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 982; Major Creek, Suksdorf in 1882; Rock Island, Sand- berg & Leiberg 433; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 690; Wawawai, Piper, July 31, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Ptiloria tenuifolia (Torr.) Raf. Atl. Journ. 145, 1832. Prenanthes ? tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 210. 1828. Lygodesmia minor Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 205. 1833. Stephanomeria minor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 427. 1841. Ptiloria filifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 311. 1898. Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.”” Collected by James. RanGE: British Columbia to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; Wenache, Whited 8, 2582, 1311: Elmer 479: White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 812; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Ellensburg, Piper 2747; Whited 561; without locality, Vasey 555; without locality, Brande- gee 934, 935; Fort Walla Walla, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Kreager 530; Kittitas Valley, J. Howell in 1877. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 3. Ptiloria exigua (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 132. 1890. Stephanomeria erigua Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 7: 428. 1841. Type Locatity: “On the Rocky Mountain plains toward the Colorado.” Rance: Washington and Wyoming to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North of Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 377; North Yakima, Wutt, August, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. TRAGOPOGON. 1. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Sp. Pl. 2: 789. 1753. Sausiry. OysTER PLANT. Type Loca.ity: Not given. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer, July, 1897. UROPAPPUS. 1. Uropappus linearifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 425. 1841. Microseris linearifolia Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866. Calais linearifolia DC. Prod. 7: 85. 1838. Calais macrochaeta A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 112. 1849. Microseris macrochaeta Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866. Type tocauity: “In California legit cl. Douglas et circa Fort Vancouver cl. Garry.” Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April, May, 1886; Rockland, Suksdorf, April 10, 1886; Almota, Piper, June 3, 1893. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Calais macrochaeta Gray is founded upon immature specimens collected by Spalding on the Clearwater, Idaho. They are undoubtedly young plants of C. linearifolia, as the pap- pus of that species shows just the transitions from young flowers to adult akenes needed to connect the differences supposed to be specific. NOTHOCALAIS. 1. Nothocalais troximoides (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 55. 1886. Microseris troximoides A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 9: 211. 1874. Nothocalais suksdorfii Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886. Type cocauity: “From the hills on the Clearwater River,’’ Idaho. Collected by Spalding. Rance: Idaho and Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2678; Kincaid 344; North Yakima, Mrs. Stein- weg in 1894; Leckenby, April 22,1898; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf, April, May, 1886; Klickitat County, Howell, June, 1879; Wenache, Whited 78, 1038; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 323; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 147; Spangle, Piper 2438; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 38; Blue Mountains, Piper 2439; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 929; Waitsburg, Horner 325; Mabton, Cotton 747; Prosser, Cotton 585. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. The distinctions relied upon by Professor Greene to separate two supposed species seem too unstable. In the type specimen of trorimoides the paleae are not “very unequal.” SCORZONELLA. Leaves all basal, entire or nearly so ...............-...-----.------- 1. S. borealis. Leaves mostly dentate or lobed, one or more cauline. Pappus scales each attenuate into an awn-like tip................- 2. S. leptosepala. Pappus scales abruptly awned. Involucre 1 to 1.5 cm. high; base of the pappus scales as long as or longer than the akenes ................-.-.-.-.-.-.. 3. 8S. bolanderi. Involucre 2 to 2.5 cm. high; base of the pappus scales much shorter than the akene.............2-.-2.-2-.-2-.--------- 4. 8. daciniata. 1. Scorzonella borealis Greene, Pittonia 2: 19. 1889. Apargia boreale Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. V1. 2: 146. 1832. Leontodon boreale DC. Prod. '7: 102. 1838. Apargidium boreale Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 474. 1843. Microseris borealis Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 310. 1866. TYPE LOCALITY: Sitka. Ranae: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Mleft 281; Greene in 1889; without locality, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Scorzonella leptosepala Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 426. 1841. Microseris leptosepala (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 209. 1874. TypE Loca.ity: “Near the outlet of the Wahlamet.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 147, 148, 149, June 26, 1886. 3. Scorzonella bolanderi (A. Gray) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886. Microseris bolanderi A. Gray, Proc, Am, Acad. 19: 64. 1883. Calais bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 7: 365. 1867. TypE Locatity: Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, Cal. Rance: Washington to California, near the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Mrs. Summers, a doubtful, immature specimen. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 541 4. Scorzonella laciniata (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 426. 1841. Hymenonema ? laciniatum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 301. 1833. Microseris laciniata Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866. Type Locauity: “Dry plains of the Columbia from the Rocky Mountains to the oceai. ’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Henderson; Humptulips, Lamb 1184; Tacoma, Flett 174; Muckleshoot Prairie, Dr. Ruhn; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Steilacoom Prairie, Piper 376. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PTILOCALAIS. 1. Ptilocalais nutans (Geyer) Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. 2: 54. 1886. Scorzonella nutans Geyer; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 253. 1847. Microseris nutans Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 308. 1866. Type Locatity: “ Declivities of Spokan and Coeur d’Aleine Mountains.” Collected by Geyer. Rance: British Columbia and Montana to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Flett 1101; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 420; Sim- coe Mountains, Howell, July, 1879; Cascade Mountains to Colville, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; North Fork Columbia, Wilkes Expedition; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 450; Roslyn, Whited 413; Easton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Sprague, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Sand- berg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Spokane, Henderson, May 30, 1892; Piper 2266; Blue Moun- tains, Piper, July 15, 1896; Pullman, Piper 1612; Hull 716; without locality, Vasey 552; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 981, 285. ZONAL pisrripuTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. HYPOCHAERIS. 1. Hypochaeris radicata L. Sp. Pl. 2: 811. 1758. GosMORE. Type LocaLiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Isiand, Gardner 378; Seattle, Piper, July 17, 1897; Che- halis County, Lamb 1404; Tacoma, F'lett 20. An exceedingly troublesome weed in lawns, now spread over most of Western Washing- ton. One of Flett’s specimens was erroneously referred by Wiegand to H. glabra L.,a species not known to occur in Washington. LEONTODON. 1. Leontodon autumnale L. Sp. Pl. 2: 798. 1753. FALL DANDLLION. Tyre Locauiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 750. AGOSERIS. Akenes beakless; leaves glabrous; alpine plant..-.....------------- 1. A. alpestris. Akenes beaked. Leaves glaucous; beak of akene short, stout, nerved. ....------- 2. A. glauca. Leaves not glaucous; beak of akene slender, nerveless. Beak about as long as the body of the akene. Flowers orange; leaves mostly entire. Leaves lanceolate-spatulate; beak shorter than the akene........------------ 2-2-2 ee eee eee eee 3. A. aurantiaca. Leaves narrowly linear; beak longer than the akene. 4. A. gracilenta. a Bull. Torr. Club 24: 343. 1897. 542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Flowers yellow; leaves mostly lobed. Akenes with beak 12 to 15 mm. long; leaves mostly entire.... 22.22.2222 000220 00000222 5. A. elata. Akenes with beak 8 to 10 mm. long; leaves mostly lobed... 2... 2..--222-22-22--2-0--0-2-002--0--- 6. A. apargioides. Beak much longer than the body of the akene. Annuals; heads small. ..............22..22.22.2----- 10. A. heterophylla. Perennials; heads large. Apex of akene truncate; herbage tomentose... . . . - 7. A. retrorsa. Apex of akene attenuate. Heads 2 em. high..........22222222..-. -.-.. 8. A. ldaciniata. Heads 2.5 to 3 em. high Lecce eee eeeee Lee eee 9. A. grandiflora. 1. Agoseris alpestris (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Troximon alpestre A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 70. 1883. * Type LocaLiry: Mount Adams, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. RanGE: Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, F'lett 248, 273, 272; Piper 2140, 493; Allen 288; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 422; near Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 2. Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Trorimon glaucum Nutt. Gen. 2: 128. 1818. Type LocaLity: ‘‘On the banks of the Missouri.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon, Colorado, and Dakota. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Ellensburg, Whited 507; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 490; Spangle, Piper 2873; Spokane, C. A. Ramm in 1883; Spokane County, Suksdorf 383; Beaver Creek, Whited 233; Loomis, Elmer 552; Pullman, Piper 3, 1769, 1862; Union Flat, Mull, July 18, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 345; Walla Walla Region, Brandegee 930; without locality, Vasey 557; Clarks Springs, Kreager 104. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2a. Agoseris glauca scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.). Ammogeton scorzoneraefolium Schrad. Cat. Sem. Goett. 7. 1833. Troximon glaucum dasycephalum Torr. &. Gr. Fl. 2: 490. 1843. Agoseris scorzoneraefolia Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘ America borealis arctica.”’ Rance: Nearly identical with that of A. glauca. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Geyer 666; Fort Simcoe, Lyall in 1860; Pull- man, Piper 3027, 3029, 3536. This plant differs from A. glauca only in having a pubescent involucre. It is scarcely worth nomenclatorial recognition. 2b. Agoseris glauca aspera (Rydberg). Agoseris leontodon asperum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 457. 1900. Troximon glaucum asperum Piper, Mazama 2: 96. 1901. TYPE LocALity: Mount Chauvet, Idaho. RanaeE: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2149; Allen 226; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 455; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer September, 1897. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 3. Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Troxrimon aurantiacum Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 300. pl. 104. 1833. Tyre Locauity: “Alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains.” PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 548 Rance: British Columbia and Saskatchewan to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Tolmie; Allen 37, 287; Piper 2145, 2157; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 196, 575; Skamania County, Suksdorf; Klickitat River, Hender- son, August 3, 1892; Atanum River, Henderson, August 3, 1892; east side Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 445, 451; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whited, August 15, 1896; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and ‘Arctic. 4. Agoseris gracilenta (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Troximon gracilens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 71. 1883. Type LocaLity: “Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington Terr.’”’ Collected by Lyall, by Nevius, and by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2198; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 425, 576; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886; Leavenworth, Savage 29; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 835; along Salmon River, Horner 346; without locality, Brandegee 931. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 5. Agoseris elata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Stylopappus elatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 433. 1841. Macrorhynchus elatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843. Trorimon nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874. Type Locarity: “Plains of the Wahlamet near its estuary,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. RanGeE: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner; Olympia, Henderson 1683; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 577; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 578. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Agoseris apargioides (Less.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. Trorimon apargioides Less. Linnaea 6: 501. 1831. Agoseris maritima Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 80: 310. 1903. Type Locauiry: California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Westport, Henderson in 1892: Ilwaco, Piper 4960. Mr. Sheldon regards the northern plant as distinct from the Californian, which may prove to be the case. It is possible, also, that this is Leontodon hirsutum Hook. ( Agoseris hirsuta Greene’), the type of which is said to have been collected by Douglas and by Scou- ler on ‘Menzies Island and sandy banks of the Columbia,” and which is referred by A. Gray¢ to Trorimon humile. We have seen no specimens of Troximon humile A. Gray (Macrorhynchus humilis Benth.) from Washington, and doubt its occurrence. 7. Agoseris retrorsa (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891. Macrorhynchus retrorsus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 320. 1849. Trorimon retrorsum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874. Macrorhynchus angustifolius Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 47. 1873. TYPE LocaLity: ‘In montibus Sacramento, ’’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 579; Clealum, Henderson in 1892; Wenache, Whited 1232. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. aF), Bor. Am. 1: 296. 1833. b Pittonia 2: 177. 1891. cSyn. Fl. 17: 439. 1886. 544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Agoseris laciniata (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891. Stylopappus laciniatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 432. 1841. Macrorhynchus laciniatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843. Type Locacity: ‘Plains of the Wahlamet, near its estuary,’ Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California west of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; Nisqually Valley, Allen 225; Wilkes Expedition; Puget Sound, Cooper; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 612. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 9. Agoseris grandiflora (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891. Stylopappus grandiflorus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 432. 1841. Macrorhyncus grandiflorus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 492. 1843. Troximon grandiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 216. 1874. Troximon grandiflorum obtusifolium Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900. Type Locatity: ‘High plains of the Wahlamet,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. RANGE: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 37, 2025; Pullman, Piper 1616; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 1, 1892. Exceedingly variable as to foliage, but as all forms occur together the variations do not seem worthy of naming. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 10. Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 178. 1891. Macrorhynchus heterophyllus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 430. 1841. Troximon heterophyllum Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883. Troximon heterophyllus kymapleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883. Agoseris heterophylla kymapleura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179, 1891. Type Locatity: ‘Plains of Oregon.”’ RanGe: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Suksdorf 581; Pullman, Piper 1617, 1859, 3098. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10a. Agoseris heterophylla normalis subsp. nov. Herbage hirsute or villous; akenes 10-striate or 10-costate. The fact seems to have been overlooked that the name A. heterophylla belongs to the plant commonly called A. heterophylla kymapleura and that the commonest form of this remarkably variable species has never been christened. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 1648, 2312; Ellensburg, Piper 2688; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 580; Wenache, Whited 1094, in 1895; Spokane, Kreager 165; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Letberg 59; without locality, Vasey 559, 560; without locality, Brandegee 928; along Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 5, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10b. Agoseris heterophylla californica (Nutt.) Cryptopleura californica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 430. 1841. Troximon heterophyllum cryptopleura Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 10: 88. 1883. Agoseris heterophylla cryptopleura Greene, Pittonia 2: 179. 1891. Troximon heterophyllum cryptopleuroides Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Near Santa Barbara,’’ California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1648, 2313, 583, 582. 10c. Agoseris heterophylla glabrata (Suksdorf). Troximon heterophyllum glabratum Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900. Agoseris heterophylla glabra Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 402. 1901. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 545 Tyree Locauity: Klickitat County, Washington. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2312. TARAXACUM. 1. Taraxacum taraxacum (L.) Karst. Deutsch. FJ. 11388. 1880-83. DANDELION. Leontodon tararacum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 798. 1753. Tararacum officinale Weber, Prim. F]. Hols. 56. 1780. Tyre Locauity: “Hab. in Europae pascuis.” The common dandelion is established as a weed in nearly all parts of the State. CREPIS. Akenes dilated at the insertion of the pappus; low glaucous plant with running rootstocks. . 2.2.2.2... 222-2222. 2 2 eee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee ee 1. C. nana. Akenes not dilated at the insertion of the pappus; plants without root- stocks. Foliage green, not canescent nor scurfy. Stems leafless or nearly so............-.-2-.-2-2------0---- 2. C. runcinata. Stems leafy; cauline leaves clasping...-.-...-.-.----------- 3. C. virens. Fcliage mostly white-pubescent, scurfy. Plants 10 to 30 cm. high; involucre with 9 to 24 principal bracts. Involucre glandular-hirsute ..............-.-.---.----- 4 C. occidentalis, Involucre hirsute, not glandular. Akenes beaked; pubescence hirsute..............-.. 5. C. rostrata. Akenes not beaked; pubescence tomentose.......... 6. C. glareosa. Plants 40 to 60 em. high; involucre with 5 to 10 principal bracts. Involucre bearing bristle-like appendages on the back. ... 9. C. barbigera. Involucre without bristle-like appendages. - Bracts of the involucre glabrous. .........-.2.----- 7. C. acuminata. Bracts of the involucre canescent............--..-- 8. C. gracilis. 1. Crepis nana Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2. 757. 1823. Type Locauiry: “On the Copper Mine River.” Rance: Arctic regions, south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, /7/ett 810; Mount Adams, Suksdorf in 1904. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. * 2. Crepis runcinata (James) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 487. 1843. Hieracium runcinatum James, Long Exped. 1: 453. 1823. Crepidium runcinatum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 436. 1841. Type Loca.itry: ‘In depressed grassy situations along the Platte.” RanGeE: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensberg, Piper 2665; Whited 695; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Wilbur, Henderson, in 1889, July 12, 1892; without locality, Vasey; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 208; Kittitas Valley, Cotton 1217. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Crepis virens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1134. 1763. Malacothrix crepoides A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 127: 49. 1860. Crepis cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 214. 1874. Tyre Locaity: “ Habitat in Helvetiae, Italiae agris.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Kincaid, July 4, 1896; Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895; Suksdorf 1640; Clarke County, Suksdorf 29; Tacoma, Piper. 29418—06 M— 3D 546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 4. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 29. 1834. Psilachenia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 437. 1841. Tyee Locauity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett, August, 1888; near Lyle, Suksdorf 875; near Cleveland, Suksdorf 381; Wenache, Whited 1087, 1350; ‘‘on the borders and in in the vicinity of the river Columbia,”” Wyeth; Wawawai, Piper 1784; Elmer 747; Blue Mountains, Piper 2438; Wenas, (riffiths & Cotton 72. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 5. Crepis rostrata Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 564. 1896. Type Locaity: “‘ Near Crab Creek, Douglas County, Washington.” Collected by Sand- berg & Leiberg. RANGE: British Columbia and eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Cleman Mountain, Hen- derson, June 11, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell 1879; between Naches and Wenache rivers, Pickering & Brackenridge in 1841; Coulee City, Piper 3866; near Crab Creek, Sandberg & Leberg 225. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 6. Crepis glareosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901. Type Locatiry: Ellensburg, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2704 (type). 7. Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 437. 1841. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Platte.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 383; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Letberg 232. 8. Crepis gracilis (D. C. Eaton) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900, Crepis occidentalis gracilis D, C. Eaton; S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 203. 1871. Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 432. 1884. Type Locauity: Middle Park, Colorado. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1112; Ellensburg, Whited 455; Toppenish, Henderson in 1892; Wenas, Lyall in 1860; Naches Valley, Piper 2737; without locality, Vasey 571, 572, 573; Spokane County, Suksdorf 379; Douglas County, Spillman; Colton, Piper 2883; Wawawai, Elmer 1401, 761; Almota, Piper; without locality, Wilkes Eapedi- tion; Waitsburg, Horner 167; Conconully, Griffiths & Cotton 269. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. * 9. Crepis barbigera Leiberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 8: 565. 1896. Type Locacity: “Near Alkali Lake, Douglas County, Washington. Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north Ellensburg, Whited 659; Ellensburg, Elmer 392; Piper; Wenache, Whited 455, 1183; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1183; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 777 in part; near Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 313; Spokane Prairie, Suksdorf 378; Piper 2264, 2637; Spangle, Piper 2874. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ” Collected by HIERACIUM. Hawkweep. Stems many-leaved; involucre imbricated. Lower part of stem pilose........2.-...-...-2-2.2.02-2-2-2--- 1. H. columbianum. Lower part of stem glabrous... ..-. 2... ........-2-2---2-.--- 2. H. canadense. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. D47 Stems few-leaved; involucre a series of equal bracts and a few short calyculate ones. Flowers white; involucre nearly glabrous..................... 3. H. albiflorum. Flowers yellow. Heads small, black-hairy........ 22.222 00 022222 eee 4. H. gracile. Heads larger; not black-hairy. Involucre densely long-hairy. Cauline leaves ample, half-clasping at the broad bases... 2.2.2.2 2222 eee 5. H. longiberbe. Cauline leaves much reduced... ......22..--..-- 6. H. scoulert. Involucre with few or no long hairs. Leaves densely hirsute........ 2.22... .22--2--- 7. H. griseum. Leaves nearly smooth.......-.....-....222.22--- 8. H. eynoglossoides. 1. Hieracium columbianum Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28:513. 1901. Type Loca.ity: ‘Priest River Valley,” Idaho. ‘Rance: North Idaho and adjacent Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Dartford, Kreager, September 12, 1903; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 935; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 510. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Hieracium canadense Michx. Fl. 2: 86. 1803. Type Locatity: “Hab. in Canada.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Oregon and New Jersey. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis Elmer 570; Pullman Piper, August 5, 1893; Elmer 307; Spokane Piper, July 26, 1896; Coupeville Gardner 422. ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Hieracium albiflorum Hook. FJ. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833. ? Hieracium vancouverianum Arvet-Touy. Spicil. Hier. 10. 1874. Tyre Locaity: ‘Rocky Mountains north of Smoking River, Lat. 56°.” Collected by Drummond. RanGe: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, /eller 3918; Grays Harbor, Wilkes Expedition; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 113; Seattle, Piper 502; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 11; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 427; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 611; Conconully, Whited 1323; Bridge Creek, Elmer 688, in 1897; Tukanon River, Lake 742; Mount, Carlton, Kreager 303; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 347. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 4. Hieracium gracile Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1833. Hieracium triste gracile A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 441. 1876. Hieracium hookeri Steud. Nom. ed. 2. 1: 763. 1840. Mieracium areticum Froel.; DC. Prod. 7: 209. 1838. Tyre Locatity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Silverton, Bouck 116; Mount Rainier, Piper 2155; Allen 286; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 428; Flett 1082, 1398; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 716; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Yakima County, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Wenache Mountains, Elmer 449; Horseshoe Basin, Elmer 726; Blue Mountains, Piper, July, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 5. Hieracium longiberbe Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 395. 1901. Type Locauitry: ‘On cliffs along the Columbia river near the Cascades.” RanGe. Oregon and Washington on cliffs in the Columbia Gap. 548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 5011; Chenowith, Suksdorf 2133. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Hieracium scouleri Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 298. 1834. * Type Locauity: “Mouth of the Columbia.” Collected by Scouler. RanGE: British Columbia to Montana and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 671; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane County, C. A. Ramm, July, 1883; Suksdorf’ 385; Mount Carlton, Kreager 244; along the Tukanon River, Lake & Hull, July 4, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1614; Bishop’s Bar, Snake River, Piper 2885. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ; The relations of this and the two following need careful field study. The differences are wholly of pubescence, and inasmuch as the different types frequently occur growing together, the character may be only of formal value. 7. Hieracium griseum Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 465. 1900. Type LocaLity: Jack Creek, Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf; Lake Park, Piper 2160 in part; between Olympia and Gate City, Heller 4053; mouth of Columbia, Scouler; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1187 in part; Cotton 1744: Chelan, Whited 214; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 741; Chelan, Elmer 496. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 8. Hieracium cynoglossoides Arvet-Touv. Spicil. Mier. 20. 1881. Hieracium amplum Greene, Erythea 3: 101. 1895. Type tocauity: ‘North Western Wyoming.” Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 117; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 2255; Lake Park, Piper 2160 in part; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 426; Klickitat River, Flett 1085, 1077: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 526; Fish Lake, Dunn, August 8, 1902; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1187 in part; Tieton River, Cotton 440; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897: without locality, Vasey 561, 562; Elma, /eller 4063; Loomis, Elmer 550. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. NABALUS. 1. Nabalus hastata (Less.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 8. 1900. Sonchus hastatus Less. Linnaea 6: 99. 1831. Nabalus alatus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 294. 18338. Prenanthes alata A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 435. 1884. Type vocauity: “In Unalaschka.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascades, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1890; Snoqualmie Falls, Piper, September, 1902; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Good- speed; Wind River, Flett 1084; Stevens Pass, Whited 1461; Snoqualmie Pass, Piper; without locality, Vasey 558; mouth of Queets River, Conard 325. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. LACTUCA. Pappus brown; flowers whitish. .........----------+++++-+e2-2-5 25 007- 1. L. spicata. Pappus white. Flowers yellow; ieaves spiny. ..-------------------++++-++--+-++-+ 2. L. scariola. Flowers blue; leaves not spiny ....--------------------+++++-+--- 3. L. pulchella. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 549 1. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) A. 8. Hitchcock, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 5: 506. 1891. Sonchus spicatus Lam. Encyc. 3: 401. 1789. Sonchus leucophaeus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3:1520. 1803. Mulgedium leucophaeum DC. Prod. 7: 250. 1838. Lactuca leucophaea A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 73, 1883. Tyre Locauity: ‘Carolina.’ . Rance: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to Oregon and Carolina. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper; Nisqually Valley, Allen 126a; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 429; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 615; Waitsburg, Horner 11. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Lactuca scariola integrata Gren. & Godr. FI. Fr. 2: 320. 1850. PRICKLY LETTUCE, Type Locauity: France. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 467; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Pullman, Piper, August 15, 1894; Wawawai, Piper, 1615; Spokane, Areager 580. 3. Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. Prod. 7: 134. 1838. BLUE LETTUCE, Sonchus pulchellus Pursh, Fl. 2: 502. 1814, Type Ltocauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.’’ Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 567; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Beaver Creek, Whited 30; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Cow Creek, Lyall in 1860; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 4, 1892; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 422; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August 7, 1892; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 808; Wawawai, Elmer 895; Box Canyon, Kreager 390; without locality, Vasey 570. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. SONCHUS. Sow THISTLE. Heads large, involucre glandular-pubescent.....-.---.--------+-+------- 1. S. arvensis. Heads medium-sized; involucre glabrous. Leaves prickly-toothed; auricles rounded ......-.----------------- 2. S. asper. Leaves with soft teeth; auricles acute. ......-.------------------- 3. S. oleraceus, 1. Sonchus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 793. 1758. Type LocaLiry: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 150; mouth of Naches River, Paper 2666. 2. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47. 1769. Sonchus oleraceus asper L. Sp. Pl. 2: 794, 1753. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Tukanon River, Lake, July 2, 1892; Pullman, Hull 807. 8. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. PI. 2: 794. 1753. Type LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, July 10, 1895. 550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, AMBROSIACEAE. Racweep Famity. Heads with both staminate and pistillate flowers; involucre open ......... Iva. Heads unisexual; pistillate heads usually spiny. Bracts of staminate heads separate; pistillate heads forming an oblong bur. ....2. 22222-22222 -222 22-2222 eee eee ee ee ee ----- XANTHIUM, Bracts of staminate heads united. Pistillate flowers solitary in each head; spines in a single series ... AMBROSIA. Pistillate flowers 1 to 4 in each head; spines in several series .... . GAERTNERIA, IVA. Heads in dense panicles; leaves ovate or orbicular, coarsely serrate... .. . 1. I. xanthiifolia. Heads in axillary racemes; leaves oblong or obovate, mostly entire.... 2. J. axillaris. 1. Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Gen. 2: 185. 1814. Iva paniculata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 347. 1840. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Near Fort Mandan,”’ North Dakota. Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Utah and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 355; Leavenworth, Whited 1447; Pullman, Piper 1381; Spokane, Areager 532. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Iva axillaris Pursh, F]. 2: 743. 1814. Type Locatiry: ‘‘In upper Louisiana.’ Collected by Bradbury. RanGeE: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1133; Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 450; Wash- tucna, Elmer 1038; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; Lake & Hull, August 7, 1897; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 739; Junction, Crab, and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 318. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. XANTHIUM. Cock_Lesur. Leaves lanceolate, not cordate, bright green above, white-tomentose beneath, the axils bearing spines..........-.-.....22-2-2--..--- 1. X. spinosum. Leaves ovate to orbicular, cordate; axils without spines. Body of the burs 2.5 to 3 cm. long; spines about 100, hispid, strongly hooked.............-----------------002 2-02 ee ee 2. X. speciosum. Body of the burs 1.5 to 2 cm. long. Spines about 20, approximately as long as the body of the narrowly oblong bur.............-...-................ 3. X. oligacanthum. Spines 50 to 70. Burs oblong or slightly ovate; spines about 50, each two- thirds as long as the diameter._.....-.......---.--- 4. X. affine. Burs ovate; spines about 70, each one-half as long as the diameter....-...........-.-2-2--.------------- 5. X. varians. 1. Xanthium spinosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Habitat in Lusitania.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Columbia River, Brandegee 889, Colfax, Piper 1591. Becoming common as a weed in various parts of eastern Washington; locally known as ‘Chinese Thistle.’’ 2. Xanthium speciosum Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 574. 1897. Xanthium silphifolium Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899. Type Loca.ity: ‘‘ Near Wolf Creek Station,’ Tennessee. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 551 Rance: Washington, Oregon, Missouri, Tennessee. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 189; Wawawai, Piper 1593. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Xanthium oligacanthum sp. nov. Stem erect or spreading, 30 to 60 cm. high, sparsely hispid; leaves reniform-orbicular, obscurely lobed and crenate, harshly scabrous, hispid on both faces, the petioles as long or longer than the blades; fruiting involucres oblong, the body 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm. thick, the stout beaks somewhat incurved; prickles 15 to 25, uncinate-tipped, about as long as the diameter of the fruit; surface of the fruit and base of prickles pubescent. Bolles, Walla Walla County, Piper, September 18, 1893; also found at Waitsburg by Horner (no. B 272). The type isin the National Herbarium, This differs from any other American species in the small size of the fruit and the relatively few prickles. 4. Xanthium affine Greene, Pittonia 4: 60. 1899. Type Locauiry: ‘Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1583; Spokane, Areager 537; Piper September 1, 1899. 5. Xunthium varians Greene, Pittonia 4: 59. 1899. Type Locauity: ‘‘Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat County, Washington.” Collected by Suksdorf. , Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1583; Waitsburg, Horner 273 B. XaNnrTHIUM ECHINATUM Murr. and Xanruium struMArtuM L. are names which appear in Suksdort’s list, but they are erroneous determinations of some of the above species. AMBROSIA. RaGweep. Leaves all opposite; receptacle without chaff. ...-..-------------- 1. A. trifida. Leaves opposite and alternate; receptacle chaffy. Fruiting involucre spiny; leaves thin........----.----------- 2. A. artemisiaefolia. Fruiting involucre tubercled; leaves thick. ......-.----------- 3. A, psilostachya. 1. Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. Pl. 2: 987. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘‘ In Virginia, Canada.”’ Rance: Saskatchewan and Canada to Texas and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897 (introduced). 2. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 988. 1753. Type Locauity; “ Habitat in Virginia; Pennsylvania.” Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia, south to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mission, Kreager 495. 2a. Ambrosia artemisiaefolia diversifolia subsp. nov. Leaves becoming progressively less deeply lobed upward, those of the upper third of the plant mostly entire, these ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, narrowed abruptly to a subsessile base, 3-nerved. On the gravelly banks of Almota Creek at Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894 (no. 1837). At this place it seems unquestionably to be native. The entire or subentire upper leaves present a peculiar characteristic which does not seem to be approached in any eastern specimens. The plant may represent a distinct species, but in the absence of more abun- dant material it seems best to treat it as above. The type is in the National Herbarium. 552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prod. 5: 526. 1836. ‘TyPE Locairy: ‘‘In Mexico, inter San Fernando et Matamoras.”’ Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897; Pullman, Piper, October 10, 1897. Apparently an introduced plant in Washington. GAERTNERIA. Not maritime; annual, erect or spreading......................----- 3. G@, acanthicar pa. Maritime species; prostrate perennials. Leaves 2 to 3 pinnately parted......... 2222222222222 eee 1. G. bipinnatifida Leaves cuneate-obovate, serrate or laciniate.................... 2. G. chamissonis. 1. Gaertneria bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891. Franseria bipinnatifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 344. 1840. Type LocaLity: ‘‘ Sea coast of Upper California, (St. Barbara, St. Diego, &e.)” RanGE: Seacoast, Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Puget Sound, Henderson 21; Port Angeles, Piper 2307; Fairhaven, Piper, July 2, 1897; Whatcom County, Suksdorf 976; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898; Tacoma, Flett 101, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Gaertneria chamissonis (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 339. 1891. Franseria chamissonis Less.; DC. Prod. 5: 524. 1836. Franseria cuneifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 507. 1840. Type Locaity: California, RANGE: Seacoasts, Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper in 1854. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Gaertneria acanthicarpa (Hook.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 382. 1894, Ambrosia acanthicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 309. 1833. Franseria hookeriana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 345. 1840. Franseria acanthicarpa Coville, Contr. Nat. Herb, 4: 129, 1893. Type Loca.ity: “ Banks of the Saskatchewan and Red Rivers.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Arizona and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, September, 1883; Fishhook Ferry, Leiberg 922; banks of Columbia River, Wenache, Whited 28; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; bluffs of the Columbia above Chelan River, Watson 211; Almota, Piper 1839, 1837; Prosser, Cotton 630; Sunnyside, Cotton 755; Priest Rapids, Cotton 1390. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ASTERACEAE. Aster Faminy. SYNOPSIS OF THE TRIBES. Anthers not caudate at base; style branches either truncate or tipped with an appendage. Heads rayless; style branches club-shaped, obtuse; flowers all perfect, never yellow. .......-..--.---. 22-2022 2 2 eee eee ee ee eee ee EUPATORIEAE. Heads radiate (rarely rayless). Style branches of perfect flowers flat, or tipped with a distinct appendage ; leaves mostly alternate......................... ASTEREAE, Style branches of perfect flowers truncate or appendaged, not flat- tened; leaves often opposite. Involucre not scarious. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 553 Pappus never capillary. Receptacle chaffy........--.-----.------------- HELIANTHEAE. Receptacle not chaffy............--------------- HELENIEAE. Pappus capillary............-.-.-.----------------- SENECIONEAE. Involucre scarious, pappus not capillary........-.-..----.- ANTHEMIDEAE. Anthers caudate at base; style-branches neither truncate nor appendaged ; heads not radiate. Receptacle not bristly; corollas not deeply cleft.........-.---.----- INULEAE. Receptacle long bristly; corollas deeply cleft........---.----------- CYNAREAE. EUPATORIEAE. Akenes 5-angled ..-.-.-...-------------------------++-- Euparorium (p. 555). Akenes 10-ribbed ..-...---.-.-----------------------+---- CoLEOSANTHUS (p. 556). ASTEREAE. Pappus of 2 to 8 rigid awns; heads large, gummy......--.- GRINDELIA (p. 556). Pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Rays yellow (sometimes wanting). Pappus double, the outer very short.....-..------ Curysopsis (p. 557). Pappus simple. Heads rayless, small, clustered .....-.------- CHRYSOTHAMNUS (p. 558). Heads radiate or if rayless, large. Pappus bristles unequal; heads mostly few and large. Style branches setaceous-tipped . .- . - ERICAMERIA (p. 559). Style branches not setaceous-tipped .. HooreBekia (p. 559). Pappus bristles equal; heads small, clus- tered. Panicle thyrsoid; receptacle alveolate.. SOLIDAGO (p. 561). Panicle flat-topped; receptacle fimbril- late... 22222 EurHaMia (p. 563). Rays white, purple, or blue (vellow in a few Erigerons), rarely wanting. Pappus a single series of coarse, rigid bristles... --- TOWNSENDIA (p. 563). Pappus of numerous soft bristles. Bracts of the involucre in’ many series, their tips spreading.........-----.------------- MACHAERANTHERA (p. 979). Bracts of the involucre in few (1 to 5) series, their tips mostly erect. Involucral bracts in one or two series, nar- row; rays usually narrow and numerous ~ ERIGERON (p. 563). Involucral bracts in two to five series; rays broader, less numerous. Involucre narrow, with rigid bracts; rays white, few ........-.--------- SERICOCARPUS (p. 569). Involucre turbinate or hemispheric. Stems scape-like .........-.-.-.. OreastruM (p. 569). Stems leafy. Seales of the involucre dry and chartaceous, closely appressed... ......------- EucePHa.us (p. 569). Seales of the involucre more or less herbaceous and spreading. ......-.-.-..--- ASTER (p. 570). 554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. HELIANTHEAE, Involucral scales boat-shaped, each more or less inclosing a ray akene. Akenes all laterally compressed.........--.-.-.--..-.. Manta (p. 575). Akenes not laterally compressed. Ray akenes turgid, or somewhat obcompressed. ~ Involucre 4 or 5-sulcate; disk flower solitary ... HEMIZONELLA (p. 577). Involucre not sulcate; disk flowers several... ... Hemizonia (p. 577). Ray akenes obcompressed. Rays about 5; pappus none...........-.----- LAGOPHYLLA (p. 577). Rays 8 to 13; pappus capillary................ BLEPHARIPAPPUS (p. 578). Involucral scales not inclosing the outer akenes. Pappus present, of well-developed scales or awns. Scales of the pappus 12 to 20, thin, fringed.......-- PTILONELLA (p. 578). Scales of the pappus awn-like. Awn-like scales 2 or 4, retrorsely barbed ......- Bivens (p. 578). Awn-like scales 2, subulate..............-.... Corropsis (p. 579). Pappus wanting, or crown-like, or of short teeth. Receptacle elongate-cylindric............-.------- RupbBEcKIA (p. 579). Receptacle flat or convex. Rays pistillate and fertile. Pappus none............-.------------- BALSAMORHIZA (p. 580). Pappus a toothed crown.......-...------ Wreruia (p. 581). Rays neutral. Akenes flat and thin............22-2----- HELIANTHELLA (p. 582). Akenes prismatic...........-.-.-.---+--- HELIANTHUS (p. 582). HELENIEAE. Bracts of the involucre in two series; receptacle naked; pap- pus none. ..........------------- +--+ 22 e ee ee eee eee JAUMEA (p. 582). Bracts of the involucre in one series. Akenes linear, 4-angled. Bracts of the involucre united..............---.--- ERIOPHYLLUM (p. 583). Bracts of the involucre separate, linear. Heads radiate. Pappus scales thin, blunt; viscid perennial. Hutsea (p. 583). Pappus scales awn-like; annual ........-..- Ricropaprus (p. 583). Heads rayless, but marginal flowers enlarged; pappus scales blunt, hyaline. -.......-..---- CHAENACTIS (p. 583). Akenes obpyramidal. ° Receptacle bristly .........-.------------------- GAILLARDIA (p. 584), Receptacle naked. Akenes 4-5 angled; pappus scales 10 to 20 ...-. HyMENopapPus (p. 584). Akenes 8-10 ribbed; pappus scales 5 or 6.....-. HELENIUM (p. 584). ANTHEMIDEAE. Ray flowers present. Receptacle chaffy. Involucre narrow; rays short .........------------ + ACHILLEA (p. 584). Involucre broad; rays conspicuous.........--.-.--- ANTHEMIS (p. 585). Receptacle naked .........----------------+--+-+-+--- CHRYSANTHEMUM (p. 585). Ray flowers none. Receptacle conical .......-.----------------+----+--- MATRICARIA (p. 585). PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 555 Receptacle not conical. Heads slender-peduncled; pistillate flowers apetalous.... CoruLa (p. 586). Heads clustered; corollas present. Pappus a short crown; heads corymbed ...-.-..- -- - TANACETUM (p. 586). Pappus none; heads racemose or panicled ..._..-..- - ARTEMISIA (p. 586). SENECIONEAE, s Shrub; involucre of 4 to 6 concave bracts.........-.-.-.--------- TreETRADYMIA (p. 590). Herbs. Leaves all or mostly opposite. .........---.-.-------------- ArNIcA (p. 580) Leaves alternate. Flowers whitish or pinkish; heads rayless. Leaves large, palmately lobed, mostly basal. Styles united nearly to the apex .-.......-..-- Perasites (p 593). Styles united about half way ................. CAcaALtopsts (p. 594). Leaves entire; stems leaiy. Heads about 10-flowered, corymbed..-.-..----- Luna (p. 594). Heads 4 to 6-flowered, paniculate.... 2.2.2.2... RaINnIERA (p. 594). Flowers yellow; ravs present (except in a few species of Senecio). Involucre hemispheric; heads solitary.......-------- CrocipiuM (p. 594). Involucre campanulate; heads usually corymbose.... SENECIO (p. 595). INULEAE. Pappus capillary, at least in pistillate flowers. Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious. Pappus of staminate flowers clavate.....-...-2..-.----- ANTENNARIA (p. 601). Pappus of all the flowers similar..............2.....-- / ANAPHALIS (p. 606). Plants not dioecious; flowers all fertile. ...........-222.--.- GNAPHALIUM (p. 606). Pappus none. Receptacle naked; leaves large, green above. ........-.---- ADENOCAULON (p. 607 ). Receptacle chaffy; leaves small, woolly... .....-.---------- PstILOCARPHUS ( p. 607). CYNAREAE., Akenes obliquely attached by one side at base. Heads not subtended by bristly leaves .........-...--..----- CENTAUREA (p. 608). Heads sessile, subtended by bristly leaves..........--.-.--- Cnicus (p. 608). Akenes attached by the very base, not oblique. Filaments monadelphous below .....-....-.--------------- SityBuM (p. 609). Filaments distinct. Leaves and usually the involucral bracts prickly......... Carpuus (p. 609). Leaves not prickly. Heads globose, the bracts hook-tipped -.....-..-..- ‘Arotium (p. 611). Heads oblong, the bracts unarmed... ....-.----.---- SaussuREa (p. 611). EUPATORIUM. 1. Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1; 305. 1833. Krystenia occidentalis Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903. Type Locauity: ‘On the low hills between the north and south branch of Lewis and Clarks River in stony places.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County. Suksdorf 865: Ellensburg. Elmer 423 1084; Klickitat River, Suksdor}, July 16, 18sv. 556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. COLEOSANTHUS. Leaves cordate-triangular, coarsely toothed............-.-.-.------- 1. C. grandiflorus. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire. Akenes glandular. ..............--..-.----------------------- 2. C. oblongifolius. Akenes hispid, not glandular. .......... 2.22.2. --------------- 3. CO. linifolius. 1. Coleosanthus grandiflorus (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 328. 1891. Brickellia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 287. 1840. Typr Locauity: “In the Rocky Mountain range by streams in gravelly places, and west to the lower falls of the Columbia.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Montana to New Mexico and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper 2381 ; Kreager 542, 547; Spokane Falls, Geyer 452; Blue Mountains, Salmon River, Horner 351. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Coleosanthus oblongifolius (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Brickellia oblongifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840. Type Locauity: “Gravel bars of the Columbia and tributary streams, and along the Wahlamet, common.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 491; Klickitat Prairie, Howell; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 710; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 819. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 8. Coleosanthus linifolius (Eaton) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.-Pl. 1: 328. 1891. Brickellia linifolia Eaton in 8S. Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 137. pl. 15, 1871. Type Locauity: “Sandy bottoms of American Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah.” Rance: Washington to Utah and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 369; Piper 2745; Whited 690, 574; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 408; Yakima region, Brandegee 8386; Spokane, Henderson 2277; Piper; bars of Touchet River, Horner 354; Spokane Bridge, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 911. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran, GRINDELIA. Heads small, 6 to 8 mm. high; bracts squarrose. Rays present.......-.--------------------------------- 1. G. nana. Rays wanting.......-.-...-.---.----------------------- la. G@. nana columbiana. Heads larger; bracts not squarrose. Cauline leaves broadest at base........-.---.------------- 2. @. integrifolia, Cauline leaves narrowest at base. Stems suffrutescent.............-.--..----------.--- 3. G. hendersoni. Stems herbaceous. ........------------------------- 4. G. oregana. 1. Grindelia nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840. TypPE Locatity: “Forests of Oregon, near Fort Vancouver, etc.’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Nuttall; Chelan, Elmer 498; Spangle, Suksdorf 333; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Belmont, Piper 1833; St. Johns, Lake d& Hull 754; Pullman, Hardwick, August 18, 1895; Waitsburg, Horner 566. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. la. Grindelia nana columbiana nom. nov. Grindelia discoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 315. 1840, not Hook. & Arn. 1836. Grindelia nana discoidea A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 17: 119. 1884. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 557 Type Locatiry: “On the banks of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 189; White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull 753 and August 11, 1892; without locality, Cooper; Wenache, Whited 1151; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 753; Toppenish, Cotton 780. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Grindelia integrifolia DC. Prod. 7: 315. 1836. Grindelia virgata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 314. 1840. Typre tocauitry: “N. W. America.” Rance: Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Piper 3805; Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 3. Grindelia hendersoni Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889. Type Locauiry: “Lummi Island,” Washington. Collected by Henderson Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lummi Island, Henderson 1676. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This is perhaps only a perennating form of the following, 4. Grindelia oregana \. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 118. 1884. TypE LocALITY: Oregon. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon along the coast. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Steilacoom, Suckley; Port Ludlow, Binns, September 15, 1890;..,. 1890: Oreas Island, Henderson 2300; Fidalgo Island, Lyall in 1858; Oyhut, Lamb 1270: Rock Island, San Juan County, Henderson 2300; Tacoma, Flett 119; Seattle, Piper 2865; Union City, Piper in 1890; Stuart Island, Lawrence 38; Copalis Conard 387. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. GrixpeLia wiesutuLa Hook. & Arn. is listed by Suksdorf, but we find no evidence of its belonging to our flora. CHRYSOPSIS. Rays none.......-------------- 22222 ee eee ence eee 1. C. oregana, Rays present. Leaves canescent, strigose, or hirsute ......---------------------+--- 2. C. villosa. Leaves green, hirsute and hispid. .......----------------------+++- 3. C. hispida. 1. Chrysopsis oregana (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 543. 1865. Ammodia oregana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 32. 1840. Type LocaLity: “On the sand and gravel banks of the Oregon and its tributary streams.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2194, 1063; Ellensburg, Whited 576, 689. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2: 22. 1834. Amellus villosus Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814. Diplopappus villosus Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834. Type cocauity: “On the Missouri.” Ranae: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Alabama. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 153; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 454: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 7; Ellensburg, Whited 575; near Colville, Lyall in 1860; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Wawawai, Piper, July 8, 1898; Elmer 1017; Illia, Lake & Hull 752; Box Canyon, Kreager 397; Meyers Falls, Kreager 516. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran, mainly. 558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 3. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt.; DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1839. Diplopappus hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 22. 1834. Chrysopsis hirsuta Greene, Pittonia 3: 296. 1898. Type Locaity: ‘“Carlton-House Fort.’ Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to Texas and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane, Piper 2385; Granddalles, Cotten 1550. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. CHRYSOTHAMNUS. Rassir srusu. Bracts of the involucre attenuate, acute...............-.-.-.------ 4. C. bloomeri. Bracts of the involucre obtuse or obtusish. Stems glabrous. Heads few; plant 15 to 30 em. high....... 2... 2.222222-22.-- 1. C. pumilus. Heads numerous; plant .5 to 2m. high.......222.-22--2-2... 2. C. viscidiflorus, Stems more or less pubescent... ............-.2.-2-22--2-22------- 3. CU. nauseosus. 1. Chrysothamnus pumilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840. Bigelovia douglasti pumila A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 140. 1884. Type Locauity: “On the border of Lewis River and the Rocky Mountain plains.” Col- lected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Montana to Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee in 1882. 2. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840. Crinitaria viseidiflora Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834. Bigelovia viseidiflora DC. Prod. 7: 279. 1838. Bigeloia douglasit A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873. Type Locauity: “On the barren plains of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the mountains, and along Salmon River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 855; North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1328; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 481; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 382; Chelan, Elmer 852; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 732; without locality Vasey 509; mouth of Snake River, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2a. Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus lanceolatus (Nutt.) Greene, Erythea 3: 95, 1895. Chrysothamnus lanceolatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840. Bigelovia douglasii lanceolata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 140. 1884. Type Loca.iry: “Toward the source of the Platte and on the banks of Lewis River.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, Flett 1026. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 3. Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britton in Britt. & Br. Ill. Fl. 3: 326. 1898. Chrysocoma nauseosa Pall.; Pursh, Fl. 2: 517. 1814. Chrysothamnus speciosus albicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 324. 1840. Bigelovia graveolens albicaulis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873. Type Loca.itry: “On the banks of the Missouri.”’ Rance: Washington to Alberta, south to California and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Cooper; Ellensburg, Whited 856; Umtanum Creek, Cotton 895; Prosser, Cotton 897; Blue Mountains, Horner 327; Wawawai, Piper 1571; Quillamene Creek, Cotton 1790. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 559 3a. Chrysothamnus nauseosus graveolens (Nutt.). Chrysocoma graveolens Nutt. Gen. 2: 136. 1818. Bigelovia gravolens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 645. 1873. Chrysothamnus speciosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 323. 1840. Type Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Missouri in denudated soils.” hanGE: British Columbia to Dakota, south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Watt, August, 1895; Wenache, Whited 1327; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 481; White Bluffs, Dunn, Septem- ber 13, 1902; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberg 344; Chelan, Elmer 851; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 733; Spokane, Sandberg, McDougal, & Heller 913. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Chrysothamnus bloomeri Greene, Erythea 3: 115. 1895. Aplopappus bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6: 541. 1865. TypE Locauity: “Mount Davidson, Nevada.” Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 190; Yakima Region, Brandegee 843; Simcoe Mountains, Howell in 1880; Big Klickitat River Cotton 1490; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mitchell Creek, Okanogan County, Gorman 835 (erroneously referred to Aplopappus watsoni); Mount Adams, Henderson & Flett 1068; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, October 3, 1881. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. ERICAMERIA. 1. Ericameria nana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 319. 1840. Ericameria resinosa Nutt. loc. cit. Aplopappus nanus D.C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King Explor. 159. 1871. Type Locauity: “On shelving rocks on the Blue Mountains of Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Idaho and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 338; mountains north of Kllensburg, Whited 862; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Yakima Region, 3ran- degee 845; Chelan, Elmer 855; Alkali Lake, Sandberg &: Leiberg 418; cliffs at the mouth of the Tukanon, Piper. . ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. HOOREBEKIA. Bracts of the involucre rigid. Rays inconspicuous or wanting; leaves coriaceous or nearly so. Heads large, solitary or few, discoid........-.-..---------- 1. H. carthamoides. Heads middle-sized, racemose; rays small............-.--- 2. H. racemosa, Rays conspicuous. Leaves membranaceous, serrate, hirsute or villous... 2... ..- 3. H. hirta. Leaves coriaceous, entire, glabrous..............2.-2--.-- 4. H. hallit. Bracts of the involucre not rigid; leaves entire. Plants herbaceous, low. Involucre glandular; stems leafy..............-.-.-.-.-- 5. H. lyallii. Involucre woolly; stems naked or nearly so... ---- -- ..... 6. H. lanuginosa. Plants shrubby, at least at base. Leaves linear, very narrow, scabrous..............-.----- 7. H. stenophylla. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-spatulate, puberulent........_ - 8. H. greene. 1. Hoorebekia carthamoides (Hook.) Pyrrocoma carthamoides Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 307. pl. 107. 1838. Aplopappus carthamoides A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863: 65. 1863. 560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Type Locauiry: “ Northwest coast of America.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 841; Klickitat Prairie, Howell in 1880; White Salmon, Suksdorf 391; Tshimikaine [Chamokane], Geyer 588; Spokane County, Suksdorf 336. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. la. Hoorebekia carthamoides cusickii (A. Gray). Aplopappus carthamoides cusickii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 126. 1884. Pyrrocoma cusickii Greene, Erythea 2: 59. 1894. Type Locauiry: “ Union Co., Oregon.” Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 17, 1886; Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Hoorebekia racemosa (Nutt.). Homopappus racemosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.'7: 332. 1840. Pyrrocoma racemosa Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 244. 1842. Aplopappus racemosus Torr. in Sitgreaves Rep. 162. 1853. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Wahlamet,” Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane County, Suksdorf 337; Pullman, Piper 1572. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Hoorebekia hirta (A. Gray). Aplopappus hartus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 127. 1884. Pyrrocoma hirta Greene, Erythea 2: 69. 1894. Type Locauity: Baker Co., Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee. 4. Hoorebekia hallii (A. Gray). Aplopappus hallit A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872. Typr Locauiry: “ Bluffs of the Columbia River at the Dalles.’ Collected by Hall. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: White Salmon, Suksdorf 389. 5. Hoorebekia lyallii (A. Gray). Aplopappus lyallii A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 18638: 64. 1868. Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, at 2,270 m. altitude. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 802; Cascade Mountains, east side at 2,270 meters, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell; Suksdorf. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 6. Hoorebekia lanuginosa (A. Gray). Aplopappus lanuginosus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 347. 1874. Stenotus lanuginosus Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894. Type Locairy: “ Upper part of the north fork of the Celumbia River,’ Washington. Collected by the Wilkes Expedition. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2701; upper Wenas River, Henderson 2291; Wenache, Whited 6, 1104, 1259; Yakima, Brandegee 844; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 285; Bluc Mountains, Piper 2430. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 561 7. Hoorebekia stenophylla (A. Gray). Aplopappus stenophyllus A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 347. 1874. Stenotus stenophyllus Greene, Erythea 2: 72. 1894. Type Locauity: Spipen [Naches] River and north fork of the Columbia River. Col- lected by Pickering and Brackenridge. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains between Ellensburg and Wenache, Whited 28; Ellens- burg, Piper 2685; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; near Cleveland, Suksdorf 335; Klickitat County, Howell in 1882; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 346. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 8. Hoorebekia greenei mollis (A. Gray). Aplopappus greenet mollis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 135. 1884. Aplopappus mollis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 80. 1880. Macronema molle Greene, Erythea 2: 73. 1894. Type Locatiry: “High mountains of Union Co., Oregon.’’ Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 839, 842; Lake Chelan, Gorman 845. Gorman’s plant was mentioned in his paper on the Washington Forest Reserve as Macronema suffruticosum Nutt. SOLIDAGO. GoLpENRov. Branches of the panicle racemiform Leaves thin; stems erect and tall. Heads small, 4 to 5 mm. long, in very dense panicles. Bracts of the panicle leaf-like........ 2.22 222222222.--. 1. S. caurina. Bracts of the panicle not leaf-like ......2..222222..--- 2. S. elongata. Heads larger, 5 to 7 mm. long in looser panicles ............ 3. S. serotina. Leaves thick and firm. Involucral bracts thin, acutish...........2.....-.....-.--- 4. 8. tolmieana. Involucral bracts firm, obtuse .........._............--..- 5. 8S. missouriensis. Branches of the panicle not racemiform. Involucral bracts acute; alpine ........ 222. .22222-.---.------- 6. S. corymbosa. Involucral bracts obtuse. Panicle loose, raceme-like . 2... 222.222.2222 2 22 ee 7.8 purshii. Panicle dense, branched. .......................-.--.---- 8. S. glutinosa. 1. Solidago caurina Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 40. 1901. Type Locauiry: |'Cascade Mts , Wash., above Lake Chelan.” RanGe; Cascade Mountains of Washington SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 30; Horseshoe Basin, Lake and Hull SLS. 2. Solidago elongata Nutt Trans Am. Phil Soc. 7: 327. 1840. Tyre Locatity. ‘‘Wappatoo Island and the plains of the Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. RANGE: British Columbia to Montana and California SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Seattle, Piper 1136, Whatcom County, Suksdorf 974; Tacoma, Flett 67; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 13; Puyallup, Flett 66, Leavenworth, Savage 4; Yakima County, Henderson 2318 Klickitat County, Suksdorf 30, McCloud Lake, Suks- dorf 974; Fort Vancouver, Douglas; Trout Lake, Flett 1071, Fish Lake, Dunn, July 31, 1900; Stevens Pass, Whited 1443; Spokane County, Henderson 2317. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 29418—06 M 36 562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Solidago serotina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789. Type tocauity: “North America.” Rance: Washington to Newfoundland, south to Nevada, Texas, and Georgia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 29; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 449; Beaver Creek, Whited 17; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Pullman, Piper 3102; Wawawai, Piper, August 23, 1895, August 24, 1894; Newport, Kreager 451; Prosser, Cotton 811; Mabton, Cotton 756. 3a. Solidago serotina salebrosa Piper, F]. Palouse Reg. 185. 1901. Type LocaLity: Pullman, Washington. Rance: Washington and Oregon eastward across the continent. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Silver Lake, Henderson 2317; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 806; Klickitat County, Suksdorf’ 28; without locality, Brandegee; North Yakima, Piper 1785; Watt, August, 1895; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 797; Alma, Elmer 524; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 796; Union Flat, Lake & Hull, July 18, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1580; Henderson 2313. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. This plant has frequently been considered a form of S. canadensis L., a species not known in our limits. 4. Solidago tolmieana A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 151. 1884. Type LocALity: Fort Vancouver, Wash., collected by Tolmie. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson 1708, 2316, 1709; Kincaid; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 5. Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 32. 1834 Type Locatiry: “On the upper branches of the Missouri and Arkansas.’ Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 539; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 794; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 795; Spokane, Hen- derson 2315; Spokane County, Suksdorf 926; Pullman, Piper; Henderson 2314; Hull, July 16, 1892; Waitsburg, Horner 573; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 480. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. , 6. Solidago corymbosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328 1840. Solidago multiradiata scopulorum A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 17: 191. 1882. Solidago ciliosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 22. 1896. Solidaco hesperia Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 303, 1900. TypPE Locauiry: “Central chain of the Rocky Mountains.’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2200, 2199; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1196; Mount Rainier, Piper 2158; Smith 1064; Baldy Peak, Lamb 1313, Silverton, Bouck 105; without locality, Brandegee 14; Loomis, Elmer 562. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. 7. Solidago purshii Porter, Bull. Torr. Club 21: 311. 1894. Solidago humilis Pursh, Fl. 2: 543. 1814. Tyre tocauity: “In North America” — Rance: Newfoundland to Virginia. Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Puper 886; Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Tacoma, Fett 878; without locality, Henderson 2319. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. These western specimens are so similar to the Atlantic coast plant that [am compelled so to refer them, notwithstanding the fact that the species is unknown 1n intermediate regions. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 568 8. Solidago glutinosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 328. 1840. "Solidago confertiflora DC. Prod. 5: 339 1836, not Nutt. 1834. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon and Wahlamet.’’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Fort Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition, Coupeville, Gardner 423. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. EUTHAMIA. 1. Euthamia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 326. 1840. Solidago occidentalis Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 226. 1841. Type Locauity: “Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet, and Lewis River.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper, August 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Ellensburg, Whited 589; banks of Columbia, Brandegee 868; Okanogan River, Watson 190; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 793; Spokane, Elmer 869; Piper, October 1, 1900; Pullman, Piper 4114; Spokane, Kreager 550; Prosser, Cotton 887: Vancouver, Sheldon 11290. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Transition. TOWNSENDIA. 1. Townsendia florifer (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 84. 1880. Townsendia strigosa Nutt. err. det. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 344. 1874. Erigeron florifer Hook. F]. Bor. Am. 2: 20. 1834. Type Locauity: “Near Priests Rapids of the Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Tampico, left 1107: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 347; opposite Willows, Howell; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860: Yakima Reservation, Miss Cooley, July, 1891; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Sfeiniweg in 1894; Ellensburg, Piper 2687; Pasco, Piper 2988; Elmer 1058; Hindshaw 9: without locality, Henderson in 1892; Coulee City, Piper 3862; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 169. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ERIGERON. Rays conspicuous, much surpassing the disk. Root stout, perennial or perennating by offsets. Tall species with flat, rather broad and large leaves. Rays narrow, 100 to 150; involucre smooth or hirsute, not viscid. Leaves entire; involucre usually hirsute ; not stoloniferous... 2.2.2... --------- 1. EF. speciosus. Leaves dentate: involucre smooth; stol- oniferous...............----------- 16. E. philadelphicus. Rays broader, 30 to 50; involucre viscid. Leaves thick; rays pink. ......2...--- 2. FE. salsuginosus. Leaves thin; rays violet. .....-..2-.-.- 3. BE. membranaceus. Low species; leaves either narrow or mostly basal. Rays yellow. Heads solitary; leaves obovate or spatu- late 202 el eee eee 12. EF. aureus. Heads several; leaves linear. 564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves hispidulous, curved; rays pale yellow .......-..--.------- 5. E. curvifolius. Leaves canescent-puberulent, straight; rays bright yellow Leese 10. E. filifolius. Rays not yellow. Leaves cleft or parted. Leaves parted into narrow lobes.... 9. E. compositus. Leaves merely 3 to 5-cleft...-.-.--- 9a. E. compositus trifidus. Leaves entire or merely toothed. Stems branched, leafy, usually bear- ing several heads. ° Pubescence long and dense; rays blue, pink or white... ~~ - 4. E. hispidissimus. Pubescence very short. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3- nerved ........-.------- 6. E. corymbosus. Leaves filiform or linear, 1- nerved .......-.------- 11. EF. linearis Stems simple, scapiform; head al- ways solitary. Leaves dentate, broadly spatu- late. Involucre glandular; stems not producing offsets. ... 13. EF. leibergit. Involucre glabrate; stems = producing rosulate offsets. 15. FE. oreganus. Leaves entire; involucre not glandular. Rays white, leaves linear- lanceolate... ........--- 8. E. nevadensis. Rays violet. Involucre very woolly. 14. 2. uniflorus. Involucre hispidulous. 7. E. poliospermus., Roots annual, fibrous; leaves toothed or lobed. Stems diffusely branched; rays pink 100 to 120... 17. E. divergens. Stems erect, branched above; rays white 40 to60_.. 18. #. ramosus. Rays very short or wanting. = es Plants low; root stout, perennial; heads solitary to numerous. Leaves ternately cleft or parted; involucre hirsute. 9b. EF. compositus discoideus. Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, narrow; invo- luere villous ......--..--------------------- 20. E. bloomeri. Plants tall; heads several to numerous. Rays wanting; heads cymose; leaves firm; root pe- rennial .........------------------------ ee 19. FE. eradiatus. Rays present, short. = Heads paniculate; involucre glabrous; root an- nual .......2....-2-----2--------------- 21. E£. canadensis. Heads corymbose; involucre hirsute at least at base; roots biennial. Tall, 30 to 60 cm.; heads many....-.-- - 22. FE. acris. Low 10 to 20 cm.; heads few........--. 22a. EF. acris debilis = PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 565 1. Erigeron speciosus DC. Prod. 5: 284. 1833. Stenactis speciosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1577. 1833. Tyree cocauity: ‘California.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to southern Oregon, Idaho, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, left 812; Whidby Island, Gardner 175; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Lopez Istand, Lyall in 1858; Olympia, Heller 4041; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1110; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 476; Upper Naches River, Henderson, June 15, 1892; along Twisp River, Whited 41; Leaven- worth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Tieton River, Cotton 439; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 222; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 561; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 401; Yakima region, Bran- degee 880; Conconully, Whited 1317; Wenache foothills, Whited 1295, 1182; Trout Lake, Flett 1090; Loomis, Elmer 578; Fort Colville to Cascades, Lyall in 1860; without locality, Vasey 513. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Erigeron saluginosus (Richards.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1881. Aster salsuginosus Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 2: 748. 1823. Type Locatity: “On the Salt Plains in the Athabasca.”’ Rance: Alaska to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 30; Smith, August, 1890; Piper 2148; Cas- cade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 560; Flett 1092; upper Atanum River, Henderson, August, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 353; Cascade Mountains, Yakima County, Henderson, August, 1892; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 27, 1892; between Wenache and Ellensburg, Whited, August, 1896; Yakima region, Brandegee 876; without locality, Vasey 510. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Arctic. 2a. Erigeron salsuginosus angustifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 93. 1880. Tyre Locatity: “California.” Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Al/en 142: Silverton, Bouck 110; Yakima region, Brandegee 877. 3. Erigeron membranaceus Greene, Pittonia 3: 294. 1898. Tyre Locatity: “Eastern Oregon” in the Blue Mountains. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Blue Mountains of Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2401. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 4. Erigeron hispidissimus (Hook.) Erigeron strigosus hispidissimus Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 18. 1834. Erigeron concinnus Torr. & Gr, Fl. 2: 174. 1841. Distasis concinna Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 350. 1840. Type Locauity: “Plentiful in the vallies of the Blue Mountains and of the Spokane River.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 447; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt in 1895; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892, Wenache, Whited, July, 1895, and 1098; Bickleton, Suksdorj 352; Naches, Lyall in 1860, Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 403, Pasco, Hindshaw 51; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 236; Ritzville, Sandberg & Lei- berg 195, Colville, Lyall in 1860; Medical Lake, Henderson 2302, 2304; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 696; Spokane, Piper 2275, 1831; Savage 14; Elmer 375; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Waitsburg, Horner 170; Brewster, Griffiths & Cottor. 348. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 5. Erigeron curvifolius Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 27: 396. 1900. tChrysopsis hirtella DC. Prod. 5: 327. 1836, not Erigeron hirtellus DC. Prod. 5: 290. 1836. Type Looauity: Morgan’s Ferry, Yakima County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Range: Eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snipes Mountain, Cotton 384; Soap Lake, MeKay 5; Morgans Ferry, Yakima County, Suksdorf, June 7, 1884; Washtuena, Elmer 1036; Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Piper 2993; Connell, Leckenby, June 18, 1897; near Ephrata, Griffiths & Cot- ton 494; Kahlotus, Cotton 1009; Prosser, Cotton 1100, 1075. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species was included by Doctor Gray in E. chrysopsidis Gray. The type locality of that is given as “FE. Oregon and adjacent Washington Terr., Douglas, Cusick, Nevius, Howell,” 6. Erigeron corymbosus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840. Type Locatity: “Rocky Mountains towards the Oregon.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana and California. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 374; Whited 515, 678 and June 27, 1897; Wenache, Whited 1144; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 458; Chelan, Whited 138, 7; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 254; Coulee City, Lake 719; Medical Lake, Henderson 2303, July, 1892; Spangle, Suksdorf 351; without locality, Vasey 520,125; Pullman, Piper 1601; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 872; Illia, Lake & Hull 695; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; without locality, Wilkes Expedition; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 689. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Erigeron poliospermus A. Gray, Syn. FI. 12: 210. 1884. Type vocaurry: “Umatilla, Oregon.’ Collected by Howell. Rance: Eastern Washington and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper, May 21, 1897; Whited 720: North Yakima, Leckenby, April 22, 1898; Steinweg; Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited, May 27, 1896, 1085; Tampico, lett 1064; Columbus, Suksdorf, April 13, 1886; Bickleton, Suksdorf 348; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 331; Klickitat River, Flett 1106 in part; Coulee City, Piper 3888; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull, August 6, 1892; Spokane, Leiberg 39; Walla Walla, Brandegee 869; Tweedy 922; Prosser, Cotton 586. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 8. Erigeron nevadensis A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 649. 1873. Type Locatiry: Near Virginia City, Nevada. Collected by Bloomer. Rance: Washington to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 875. 9. Erigeron compositus Pursh, Fl. 2: 535. 1814. Type LocaLity: ‘On the banks of the Kooskoosky,’’ Idaho. Collected by Lewis. Rance: Washington to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Spokane, Piper 2289; Spokane Hills, Lyall in 1861; Spokane, Henderson 2306; Sandberg & Leiberg 1. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 9a. Erigeron compositus trifidus (Hook.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 90. 1881. Erigeron trifidus Hook. FI]. Bor. Am. 2: 17. 1834. Type toca.ity: ‘Barren places among the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: British Columbia to Colorado and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith 496; Piper 2144; Mount Adams, Flett 1079; Suksdorf ; Henderson, August 10,1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Flett 120; J. M. Grant 30; Mount Stuart, Flmer 1211; Klickitat River, Flett 1106. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 567 9b. Erigeron compositus discoideus A. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. Il. 38: 237. 1862. Tyre Locatity: Rocky Mountains, Colorado. Collected by Parry. Rance: Washington to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° at 2,100 meters, Lyall in 1860. 10. Erigeron filifolius (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 308. 1840. Diplopappus filifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1834. Chrysopsis canescens DC. Prod. 5: 328. 1836. Erigeron peucephyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 89. 1880. Tyre LocaLity: “Common on the Great Falls of the Columbia, and barren grounds of the interior.”” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 83, 27, 1074; Ellensburg, Piper 2684; Whited 352, 641; Elmer 368; Yakima, Leckenby, May 11, 1898; North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg in 1894; Watt, June, 1892; Sunnyside, Cotton 355; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 363; Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Bickelton, Suksdorf 334; Wenas Valley, Lyall in 1860; Tampico, Flett 1085: Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 233, Cheney, Mrs. Susan Tucker in 1890 and 1892: Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 142; Coulee City, Piper 3860, Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; without locality, Vasey 503; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 873, 874. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 11. Erigeron linearis (Hook.) Diplopappus linearis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 21. 1884. Type LocaLity: ‘Common on dry rocks and sandy grounds near the ‘‘ Priests Rapids of the Columbia, and also on Lewis and Clarkes River.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 72, 1116, Elmer 477; Wenache Mountains, Whited, June 23, 1901; Ellensburg, Piper 2741; Whited 655, 514; Elmer 372; North Yakima, Brandegee; Watt; Yakima County, Suksdorf 350; Cleman Mountain, Henderson ia 1892: Wenas River, Henderson in 1892; Pasco, Henderson in 1892, White Bluff Ferry, Lake & Hull; Connell, Leckenby; Washtuena, Elmer 1039; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 817, Piper 3844; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg d&: Levberg 255; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1111; Colville, Watson 207; Columbus, Suksdorf; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 817; Spokane, Sand- berg, Heller, & McDougal 915; without locality, Vasey 511; Rocky Mountains and Walla Walla, Nuttall; Spokane, Piper 2274; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 387; Soap Lake, McKay 6, Stehekin, Whited 1389. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ” 12. Erigeron aureus Greene, Pittonia 2: 169. 1891. Aplopappus brandegei A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 1°: 182. 1886, not Erigeron brandeger 4. Gray. 1884. | Type Locatiry: “Mountains of Washington in the Yakima district.” Collected by Brandegee. Rance. Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1105, Brandegee 85, Mount Rainiet, Piper 2150, 523; Allen 94, Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 782; above Lake Chelan, 7. . Wilcox in 1883, North Fork of Bridge Creek, E/mer 698. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 13. Erigeron leibergii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901 Tyre LocaLiry Mount Stuart, Washington, at 2,460 meters altitude. Rance. Known only from the type locality SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart Sandberg & Levberg 810. 14. Erigeron uniflorus L Sp Pl. 2. 864 1753. Tyree Locauity. “ Habitat in Alpibus Lapponiae, Helvetiae.”’ 568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Dr. Cooper. 15. Erigeron oreganus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 2. 1883. Type LocaLity: “Oregon, along the Columbia River, under overhanging cliffs, in Multnomah Co.,’’ Howell. Rance: Bluffs of the Columbia River below the Cascades on both sides of the river. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4983, 5010. 16. Erigeron philadelphicus I. Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753. Lrigeron occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 311. 1840. TYPE LocaLity: Canada Rance: Throughout most of Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 179; Snohomish, Aincaid, June 3, 1892: Silverton, Bouck 109; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 469; Deming, Flett 870: Lake Con- conully, Whited 1318; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860, Loomis, Elmer, August, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 175. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 17. Erigeron divergens Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 175. 1841. Erigeron divaricatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 311 1840, not Michx. 1803. TYPE Locaity: ‘In the Rocky Mountains and the plains of Oregon.”” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California, Nebraska, and Texas SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 72, 73, 74, Elmer 480: west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 563; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 455, between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Marshall Junction, Piper 2257, Wawawai, Elmer, June, 1897: Piper, July 8, 1898; Almota, Piper 1832. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Upper Sonoran. 18. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S. P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. 1888. Doronicum ramosum Walt., Fl. Car. 205. 1788. Erigeron strigosus Muhl., Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1956. 1803. TYPE LocaLity: Pennsylvania. Rance: British Columbia to Nova Scotia south to California, Texas, and Florida. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains to Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Steilacoom, Piper; Fort Vancouver, Piper 3077; Wenache, Elmer 482: Waitsburg, Horner 353 and July 27, 1896; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Union Flat, Lake & Hull 697; Pullman, Piper 1821, ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 19. Erigeron eradiatus (A. Gray). Erigeron douglasti eradiatum A, Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 12?: 5. 1860. Erigeron inornatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16:88. 1889. Erigeron foliosus inornatus A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 320. 1876. Tyre Locatiry: “Sandy pine forest on the table-land east of Mount Adams,”’ Wash- ington. Collected by Cooper. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Cooper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf’ 400; Big Klickitat River, Henderson, August 21, 1892: Blue Mountains, /Torner 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition, 20. Erigeron bloomeri A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 6:40, 1865. Type Locauity: ‘‘ Near Virginia City, Nevada.” Rance: Washington to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima County, Henderson 2305; Blue Mountains, Piper 2392. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. e PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 569 21. Erigeron canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753. Tyre Locauity: “Canada, Virginia.” Rance: Temperate North America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Aineaid in 1892; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leavenworth, Whited, August 6, 1896; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 14, 1892; Loomis, Elmer 567; Prosser, Cotton 886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 22. Erigeron acris L. Sp. Pl. 2: 863. 1753. Type Locatiry: European. Rance: British Columbia to Labrador south to Oregon and Colorado. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goose Lake, Flett 1156; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 353; Yakima Region, Brandegee 878; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 765; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 22a. Erigeron acris debilis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 220. 1884. Type Locaiity: “Northern Rocky and Cascade Mountains, Montana, Canby, Sargent at Woodruffs Falls, * * * ; Mount Paddo, Suksdorf’, Howell.” Rance: Alaska to Labrador south to Washington and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, //ett 820; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 70, 402, 2170; Howell in 1882; Flett 1156; Henderson, August 9, 1892; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2170; Loomis, Elmer 591. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ? ERIGERON GLABELLUS MUCRONATUS Hook. FI. Bor. Am, 2: 19. 1834. Type locality, ‘“ Plentiful on low plains of the Columbia, near the coast.’’ We have been unable to deter- mine what this plant is from the brief description. SERICOCARPUS. 1. Sericocarpus rigidus Lindl. in Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 14. 1834. Sericocar pus oregonensis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 302. 1840. Type Locauity: “Columbia River.” Collected by Scouler. Rance: Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 154; Tacoma, Flett 164, 876; Olympia, Henderson 1706; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, July 22, 1888; Fort Vancouver, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. OREASTRUM. 1. Oreastrum alpigenum (Torr. & Gr.) Greene, Pittonia 3: 147. 1896. Aster alpigenus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 389. 1872, Aplopappus alpigenus Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 241. 1842. Aster pulchellus D, C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 143. ¢. 16. 1871. Type Locauiry; Mount Rainier, Washington Collected by Tolmie. Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 143; Piper 498, 2156; Tolmie; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1094, without locality, Brandegee 18, 20, 32; Mount Adams, Suksdorf’ in 1878 and 522; Flett 1091. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. EUCEPHALUS. Rays purple or violet. Rays white, becoming pink-tinged..-.....-.2..----- 2-22-2222. 2.. 1. E. paucicapitatus. Leaves tomentose beneath ..........2.-.---.-22.-.-----.... 2. E. ledophullus. Leaves glabrous. Leaves glaucous, broadly lanceolate ....................- 3. E. glaucophyllus. Leaves green. 570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Leaves broadly lanceolate ..........-..------------ 4. E. engelmanni. Leaves narrowly lanceolate ........---------------- 5. E. serrulatus. 1. Eucephalus paucicapitatus (Robinson) Greene, Pittonia 3: 56. 1896. Aster paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 29: 329. 1894. Aster engelmanni paucicapitatus Robinson, Proc. Am. Acad. 26: 176. 1891. Type Locatiry: Olympic Mountains, Washington. Rance: Olympic Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2195; Fett 819. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 2. Eucephalus ledophyllus (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896. Aster ledophyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 98. 1880. Aster engelmanni ledophyllus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872. Type Locatity: “In the Cascade Mountains.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon in the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2147; Allen 284; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 5, 1892; Suksdorf 61. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 3. Eucephalus glaucophyllus nom. nov. Aster engelmanni glaucescens A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 17: 200. 1886, not Aster glaucescens Wender. 1882. Eucephalus glaucescens Greene, Pittonia 8: 56. 1896. Tyre Locatity: “On Mount Paddo” [Adams], Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson, August 12, 1892; Suksdorf 651; Howell 401; Flett 1089; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, September 1880; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 398; Skamania County, Suksdorf, August 10, 1886. ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 4. Eucephalus engelmanni (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 3: 54. 1896. Aster engelmanni A. Gray, Syn. FI. 17: 199. 1884. Aster elegans engelmanni D. C. Eaton in S. Wats. Bot. King Explor. 144. 1871. Type Locatity: “Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°.’ Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Utah and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Colville to Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1860; head of Twisp River, Whited 39; Atanum River, Henderson, August 2, 1892, Stehekin, Whited 1401; near Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 693; North Fork Bridge Creek, Elmer 649; without locality, Vasey 526; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 559; Clealum Lake, Cotton 869, Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1562. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian. 5. Eucephalus serrulatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 55. 1896. Type Locatity: Mount Adams. Collected by Suksdorf (no. 1563). Known only from the type collection. The plant is exceedingly close to E. engelmanni. ASTER. Leaves coriaceous, serrate; involucre well imbricated. Involucre campanulate, glandular ..........--.--------------- 1. A. conspienus. Involucre broadly turbinate, not glandular .....2.........-.--- 2. A. radulinus. Leaves membranaceous. Involucre viscid or pruinose-glandular. Heads less than 1 em. broad ......-...-.----------------- 3. A. campestris. Heads over 1 cm. broad. Leaves entire, firm; bracts rather rigid, well imbricated. 4. A. integrifolius. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 571 Leaves serrate, not firm; bracts not rigid, loose... -.-.- - 5... A. major. Involucre not viscid or glandular. Heads less than 1 cm. broad. Rays purple; involucre turbinate .........----------- 6. A. amethystinus. Rays usually white; involucre campanulate. Herbage harshly puberulent.........-..-.-------- 7. A. multiflorus. Herbage not harshly puberulent. Involucral bracts acute ......-.------------- 8. A. oreganus. Involucral bracts obtuse .........----------- 9. A. hallit. Heads more than 1 cm. broad. Involucral bracts closely appressed, mainly coriaceous. Akenes glabrous. Leaves glaucous, entire ........-.---------- 10. A. laevis. Leaves green, serrate, glabrous .........-... Ll. A. elmer. Akenes pubescent ; leaves puberulent, entire -..-.. 12. A. jessicae. Involucral bracts looser, largely herbaceous. Leaves few, large, scarcely reduced upward, the cauline with auriculate or clasping bases. Heads solitary or few, long-peduncled; leaves dark green, usually glabrous. ............- 18. A. foliaceus. Heads several; stems leafy to the top; leaves thin, pale, usually pubescent ........-.-- - - 14. A. cusickii. Leaves numerous, either small, or much reduced upward: cauline sessile, not at all auriculate. Pubescent throughout; involucral bracts herbaceous, lanceolate, flat.........-.----- 15, A. wattii. Glabrous or nearly so; involucral bracts nar- row, acute. Involucral bracts, at least the outer ones, foliaceous and passing into the leaves. Leaves firm, entire, numerous -. .. - - 16. A. eatont. Leaves thinner, less numerous, usually serrate near the middle ........-- 17. A. douglasii. Involucral bracts not at all foliaceous. Heads corymbose. Leaves scrrulate, those of the inflorescence much reduced. . 18. A. occidentalis. Leaves entire, those of the inflo- rescence not much reduced... 19. A. fremontii. Heads solitary, naked-pedunculate... 20. A. stenomeres. 1. Aster conspicuus Lindl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1834. Aster macdougalii Coult. & Fisher, Bot. Gaz. 18: 301. 1893, Type Locauity: “Carlton House.’’ Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to Oregon and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 494; footbills near Wenache, W hited 6, 1290, 1294; Ophir, Elmer 529; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 692, Alma, Elmer 538; Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Geyer; Spokane County, Suksdorf 927; Kamiak Butte, Piper; near Colton, Piper, July, 1898; Blue Mountains, Piper, July and August, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Aster radulinus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8: 388. 1872. Aster radula Less. Linnaea 6: 125. 1831, not Ait. 1789. Type Locauity: “In California.” Collected by Chamisso. Rance: Washington to California. 572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg, August, 1894; Watt, August, 1895, Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 395; White Salmon, Suksdorf 394; Howell; without locality, Vasey 512: Trout Lake, Pett 1074; Klickitat River, Cotton 1440. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition. 3. Aster campestris Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 293. 1840. Tyre Locauity: ‘Along the plains of Lewis River,’ probably in southern Idaho. Col- lected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana and northern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 68; Howell in 1882; Wilson Creek, Lake & Hull 815, 816; Sprague, Lake & Hull, August, 1895, July 9, 1892; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 720; Spokane Falls, Watson 195; Spokane County, Suksdorf 928; Spalding; with- out locality, Brandegee; Walla Walla, Mrs. Anderson; Waitsburg, Horner 550, 553. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 3a. Aster campestris suksdorfii subsp. nov. Differs from true A. campestris in being canescent all over with short hairs that are not at all appressed. Type specimen in the Gray Herbarium. Collected on Little Klickitat River, October 5, 1882, by Suksdorf. 4. Aster integrifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 291. 1840. Tyre Locauity: “Near the summit of Thornberg’s Pass.’’ Collected by Nuttall. RANGE: Washington to California, Colorado and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 364. 5. Aster major (Hook.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 325. 1894. Aster unalaschensis major Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 7. 1884. Aster modestus Lindl.; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 8. 1834. Aster sayianus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840. Tyree Locatitry: “Saskatchewan to the Rocky Mountains,” or as given by Lindley, “Mountain woods at the mouth of Smoking River, Lat. 56°N.” Collected by Drummond. Rance. British Columbia and Oregon eastward to Ontario. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Nisqually Val- ley, Allen 125a, Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 64; Skokomish River, Piper 2189; plains of Columbia, Nuttall; Beaver Creek, Whited 29, Minastash Canyon, Whited, August 29, 1897; Yakima region, Brandegee 858, Stevens Pass, Whited 1466, Loomis, Elmer 568; Railroad Creek, Elmer 700, Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 703; Wind River, Fleté 1088; Clealum Creek, Cotton 840. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. ) 6. Aster amethystinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 294. 1840. Type Locatity, Salem and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Rance: Massachusetts to lowa; eastern Oregon and eastern Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Okanogan River, Watson 191; Waitsburg, Horner 559; Wawa- wai, Piper 1602 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 7. Aster multiflorus Ait. Hort Kew. 3: 203. 1779. Tyre cocatitry. ‘North America ”’ Rance. British Columbia to Canada, south to Arizona and Georgia SPECIMENS EXAMINED North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892; Ellensburg, Whited 853, 591, Colville, Lyall in 1860; Loomis, Elmer 615, Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 799; Spokane County, Suksdorf 930, Spokane, Sandberg, Heller & McDougal 917, Sprague, Lake & Hull August 4, 1892, without locality, Lake & Hull 798, without locality, Vasey; without locality, Brandegee 34, without locality, Cooper in 1853, Waitsburg, Horner 23, Toppenish, Cotton 774. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 573 8. Aster oreganus Nutt.; Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 163. 1841. Tripolium oreganum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 296. 1840. Type Locatity: “On the inundated banks of the Wahlamet,’’ Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SpECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 63, 647, 396; Loomis, Elmer 614; Spo- kane, Piper 2377; without locality, Vasey 521; Kittitas County, Cotton in 1904. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. 9. Aster hallii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 191. 1884. Type Locatiry: Oregon. Collected by Hall. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima region, Brandegee 860. 10. Aster laevis geyeri \. Gray, Syn. FI. 1°: 183. (884. Aster brevibracteatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 393. 1900. Type Locauity: “Meadows, Spokane and Columbia River valleys.” Collected by Geyer, no. 638. Rance: Washington to Montana and Wyoming. SprcIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane County, Suksdorf 929: Spokane, Piper 2380, Elmer 868; Palousé, Piper 1783; Waitsburg, Horner 548; without locality, Vasey. 11. Aster elmeri Piper, Bull. Torr Club 29: 645. 1902. Type Locatity: “Sinlahekin Basin near Loomis, Okanogan County, Wash.” Collected by Elmer. Not otherwise known 12. Aster jessieae Piper, Erythea 6: 30. 1898. Aster latahensis Henderson, Contr. Nat. Herb. 5: 201. 1899. Aster mollis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 22. 1901. Tyre LocaLiry: Pullman, Washington. Rance: Washington, Idaho, Wyoming. SpEcIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, August, 1898, 1604, 2663, May, 1898; Union Flat, Piper in 1900 ZONAL pDistriBuTion: Arid Transition. 13. Aster foliaceus Lindl.; DC. Prod. 5: 228. 1836. Tyer rocauiry: “In Unalaschka ”’ Rance. Alaska to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt; Klickitat River, Henderson, August 13, 1892: Mount Adams, Suksdorf 67, without locality, Vasey 523. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: ITudsonian. 13a. Aster foliaceus frondeus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 193. 1884 Aster foliaceus burkei A Gray, loc cit. Aster amplissimus Greene, Proce. Acad Phila. 1895: 550. 1895. Type LocaLity: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon, Utah and Colorado SPECIMENS EXAMINED Olympia, Piper 2197; Flett 811, Lake Cushman, Henderson 2041: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1201. Mount Adams Henderson in 1882. Suksdorf 66, 642, August 12, 1885: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49° Lyall in 1859, upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 283, Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 694 Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896; Loomis, Elmer 581; without locality Brandegee 856: Parson Creek, Gorman 828; Klickitat River, Cotton 1430. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION, Hudsonian. 13b. Aster foliaceus apricus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 193, 1884. Type Locauity. “High mountains of Colorado at Union Pass.” Rance. Washington to Colorado. 574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Smith, August 11, 1889; Piper 1071; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 3, 1892; Suksdorf 65; Yakima region, Brandegee 115, 852. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 14. Aster cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 16: 99. 1881. Type Locauity: “In the mountains of Union Co.”’ Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Oregon and Washington in the Blue Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Horner 363; Klickitat River, Cotton 1425, 1483. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian, The Cotton specimens are quite glabrous and perhaps a distinct species. 15. Aster wattii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 645. 1902. Type Locaniry: “Near North Yakima, Wash.” Collected by Prof. G. H. Watt; not otherwise known. 16. Aster eatoni (A. Gray) Howell, F]. N. W. Am. 310. 1900. Aster foliaceus eatoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 194, 1884. Type Locaity: “West Humboldt Mountains to the Wahsatch: 6-8000 feet elevation.” Nevada. RanGE: Washington to Utah and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 21, 199; Salmon River, Horner 361: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, August, 1893; Silver Lake, Henderson, July 3, 1892; Walla Walla, Piper, August 13, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 547, 359: Toppenish, Cotton 776; Squaw Creek, Cotton 873. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 17. Aster douglasii Lind] ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 11. 1834. TYPE LocaLity: ‘Common on the N. W coast, near the confluence of the Columbia, in open undulating grounds.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. ’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Toppenish, Henderson, May 28, 1892; Fort Canby, Savage 27; Chelan, Elmer 849; Spokane, Elmer 866, 864; Piper 3801, 3802; Hreager 628; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 191, 341, 342, 343, 344, 346: Peshastin, Brandeqee 863. ZONAL. DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 18. Aster occidentalis Nutt.. Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 164. 1841. Tripolium occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soe 7:296. 1840. Tyre Locaity: “ By the margins of muddy ponds in the Rocky Mountains, 7,000 feet above the level of the sea.’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited. 18a. Aster occidentalis intermedius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 192. 1884 Tyre Locauity: Falcon Valley, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington to California. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 803, 807; Wind River, Flett 1070: Tampico, Henderson, July 31, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 62; Klickitat, Howell 329, 557, west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 345; Yakima region, Brandegee 861; North Yakima, Piper 1782; Ellensburg, Whited 580, 529; Conconully, WAied 1319: Waitsburg, Horner 560, 551, 556; Almota, Piper 2731, 2373; without locality, Vasey 527; Clealum Lake, Cotton 864. ZONAI. DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition 19. Aster fremonti (Torr. & Gr.) A. Gray, Syn FI 12: 191. 1884. Aster adscendens fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 503. 1843 Type Locatity: None given. * Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 575 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Lyall in 1860; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg, July, 1893; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 640, 648, 649; Skamania County, Suksdorf 2169; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 339, 643; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 340, 397; Yakima region, Brandegee 857; without locality, Cusick 1821; without locality, Brandegee 854, 855, 859; Spokane County, Ramm, July, 1893; Bingen, Suksdorf 2247; Spokane, Piper 2379; Pull- man, Piper 1605; Waitsburg, Horner, August, 1896. ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 20. Aster stenomeres A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 209. 1882. lonactis stenomeres Greene, Pittonia 3: 246. 1897. Type tocauitry: “Rocky Mountains of Montana and Idaho, Burke, Watson.” Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Areager 280. ASTER PEREGRINUS Pursh. This is included in Gorman’s list of the plants of the Washington Forest Reserve. An examination of the specimen in the National Herbarium shows the collection to be a mixture of Erigeron salsuginosus and Aster foliaceus. AsTER ADSCENDENS Lindl. is included in Suksdorf’s list, but we question the identity of the specimens. MACHAERANTHERA. 1. Machaeranthera canescens (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 3: 59. 1896. Aster canescens Pursh, Fl. 2: 547. 1814. Type Locauity: “On the banks of the Missouri.” RANGE: Washington to Saskatchewan and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Loomis, Elmer 608; Spokane, Piper, September, 1896. ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. la. Machaeranthera canescens viscosa (Nutt.). Dieteria viscosa Nutt. Trans. Am Phil. Soc. 7: 301. 1840. Aster canescens viscosus A. Gray, Syn. FI. 1': 206. 1884. Type Locauity: “Near Scott’s Bluff, on the Platte.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, October 5, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1331; Ellensburg, Whited 854; Rattlesnake Mountain, Cotton 478; Columbus, Suksdorf, June 10, 1886; Lake Chelan, Lake d& Hull, August 16, 1892; near mouth of Okanogan, Watson 197; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 691, Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 912; Waitsburg, Horner 555; Wawawai, Piper 1606; Almota, Piper, September, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. MADIA. TARWEED. Heads small, long-peduncled; disk-flower one ...--..-------+++-----+- 1. M. exiqua. Heads larger, sessile or short-peduncled: disk-flowers several. Leaves all or mostly alternate; ligules small. Rays 5 to 12; involucres campanulate. Akenes of the ravs broad; herbage lemon-scented ...----- 2. M. citriodora. Akenes of the rays compressed; herbage heavy-scented. Heads densely congested .....---------------+-+--- 4. M. sativa. Heads loosely racemose .....------------++-+-+----- 3. M. racemosa. Rays 1 to 5, sometimes none; involucre laterally compressed ; heads densely glomerate. Stems glandular to the base; glomerules loosely cymose ... 5. M. ramosa. Stems glandular above, glomerules racemose .-...------- 6. M. glomerata. Leaves all or mostly opposite; ligules large .......-.------------- 7. M. madioides. 576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Madia exigua (Smith) Greene, Erythea 1: 90. 1893. Sclerocar pus exiguus Smith, Rees’ Cyel. 31: n. 3. 1816. Harpaecarpus exiguus A. Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 101. 1859. Madia filipes A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 1874. Harpaecarpus madarioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 389. 1840. Type LocaLity: “On the west coast of North America.” Collected by Menzies. Range: British Columbia to California and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: San Juan Island, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper 735; Smith 1069: Tacoma, Flett 140; Olympia, Heller 4045; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2139; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Wenache, Whited, June, 1895 and 1132; junction Crab and Wil- son creeks, Sandberg & Leibera 272; Spokane, Piper, June 25, 1897; Pullman, Piper 1573; Lake & Hull, June 23, 1894; Waitsburg, Horner 172. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition. la. Madia exigua macrocephala (Suksdorf). Madia filipes macrocephala Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 97. 1900. Harpaecar pus exiguus macrocephalus Suksdorf, loc. cit. Tyre Locatity: Bingen, Klickitat County, Wash. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf, June 18, 1892. 2. Madia citriodora Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 9: 63. 1882. Hemizonia citriodora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 307. 1884. TypPE LocaLiry: Yreka, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 370; Waitsburg, Horner 152, Bingen, Sheldon 10255; Wallula, Cotton 1071. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Madia racemosa (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl, 2: 405. 1843. Madorella racemosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 387. 1841. Madia sativa racemosa A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 9: 189. 1874. Madorella dissitifiera Nutt. loc. cit. Madia dissitiflora Torr. & Gr. loc. cit. Madia sativa dissitiflora A. Gray, loc. cit. Tyre Locauity: “On the banks of the Oregon, near the estuary of the Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Piper; Roslyn, Whited 470; Yakima region, Bran- degee 897; Seattle, Piper 513; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2137, 2142; Vancouver, Douglas; Satsop, Heller 4029; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiberqg; Wenache, Whited 53: Ellensburg, Whited 684; Elmer 367; Clealum, Henderson: McAlisters Lake, Henderson: North Yakima, Henderson; Leavenworth, Whited 238; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 537: Alkali Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 415; Pullman, Piper 1575, 3103; Elmer 902, Blue Moun- tains, Piper 2450; Wawawai, Piper 3061; Clarks Springs, Kreager 102; Tieton, Cotton 489: without locality, Vasey 545; Tukanon River, Lake & Hull 721. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 4. Madia sativa capitata (Nutt.). Madia capitata Nutt Trans. Ani Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841. Madia sativa congesta Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 404 1843. Type Locatiry: ‘In the plains of the Oregon towards the sea, particularly on Wappatoo Island.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance. Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED, Coupeville, Gardner 169; Seattle, Suksdorf 978. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Humid Transition. PIPER--FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 577 5. Madia ramosa Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 222. 1902. Tyee Loca.ity: ‘Blue Mts., Walla Walla County, Wash.” Rance: Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper 2451. 6. Madia glomerata Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 2: 24. 1834. Amida gracilis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841. Amida hirsuta Nutt. loc. cit. Tyre Locatity: “Plains of the Saskatchewan.” Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Mount Stuart, H/mer 1098; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 805, 587; Yakima region, Brandegee 896; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 414; Ellensburg, Whited 701; Pullman, Piper 1574; Waitsburg, Horner 172. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Madia madioides (Nutt.). Anisocar pus madioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 388. 1841. Madia nuttallii A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad. 8: 291. 1872. Tyre Loca.iry: ‘‘Among rocks, in shady forests, at the mouth of the Wahlamet,”’ Oregon Collected by Nuttall Rance’ British Columbia to middle California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Bellingham Bay, Suksdorf 977; Seattle, Piper 734, Tacoma, Flett 145; McAllisters Lake, Henderson, June 22, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Humid Transition. HEMIZONELLA. 1. Hemizonella durandi A. Gray, Proc. Am Acad. 9: 189. 1874. Hemizoma durand: A. Gray, Proc Am. Acad. 6: 549. 1865. Type LocaLity Nevada County California. RanGe. Washington to California in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Tacoma. Flett 186; Steilacoom, Piper 373; Falcon Valley, Suks- dorf 415, Mount Constitution, Henderson 2296; Easton, Henderson 2297. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Humid Transition. HEMIZONIA. 1. Hemizonia pungens (Hook & Arn.) Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 399. 1843. Hartmannia pungens Hook & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 357. 1840. Tyre Locaity California Rance: California Introduced in Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Tacoma, Flett 158, Frenchtown, Nalder, August 22, 1898; Walla Walla, Blandford, November 9, 1901. The species is doubtless introduced from California. . LAGOPHYLLA. 1. Lagophylla ramosissima Nutt Trans Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 390. 1841. Type Loca.ity. “In the prairies near Walla Walla ’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance. Washington and Idaho to California SPECIMENS EXAMINED. North Yakima. Henderson. May 25, 1892, White Salmon, Suks- dorf 416, Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 253, Pullman, Piper 1576, Lake & Aull 746, Almota, Lake & Hull 746 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. 29418—06 M OF 578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. 1. Blepharipappus glandulosus Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833. Layia glandulosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1840. Type Locauity: “On the plains of the Columbia in sandy soils.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Mountains, Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson in 1891; Rockland, Suksdorf 284; Pasco, Piper 2955; Hindshaw 21; Sunnyside, Cotton 350; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 299; Wallula, Cotton 1038. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. BLEPHARIPAPPUS OREGANUS Greene, Pitttonia 2: 247. 1892. Layia douglasii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 358. 1841, not Calliglossa douglassi Hook. & Arn. op. cit. 356. Type locality: “On the gravelly islands of the Columbia between the Narrows and the Great Falls.” Collected by Douglas. Not since found. We incline to the view of Dr. Gray, that this is merely an aberrant form of B. glandulosus Hook. with stouter and nearly naked pappus bristles. In other characters it can not be distinguished. PTILONELLA. 1. Ptilonella scabra (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 386. 1841. Blepharipappus scaber Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833. TyPE Loca.ity: ‘Sandy plains of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada. , SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 119, Spokane, Wilkes Expedi- tion; Spangle, Piper 2876; Tukanon River, Blue Mountains, Lake & Hull 723. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. BIDENS. Beacar Ticks. Plant aquatic; submerged leaves capillary..........................-.- 3. B. beckii. Plants terrestrial. Rays none; leaves pinnately 3 to 5-divided..... . eee eee ee ee ee ee 1. B. vulgata. Rays conspicuous; leaves lanceolate, serrate.................-....-.- 2. B. cernua. 1. Bidens vulgata Greene, Pittonia 4: 72. 1899. Tyre LocaLity: None given. Rance: Washington to New York south to California and Virginia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1591, 412; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Loomiston, Elmer 611; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July 10, 1892; Wawawai, Piper 1863, Chewelah, Kreager 527; with- out locality, Brandegee 895 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. 2. Bidens cernua L. Sp. Pl. 2: 832. 1753. Bidens cernua elliptica Wiegand. Bull. Torr. Club 26: 417. 1899. Bidens lonchophylla Greene, Pittonia 4: 258. 1901. Bidens.macounii Greene, loc. cit. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europa ad fontes & fossas.’”’ Rance: British Columbia to Labrador south to California and North Carolina. Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coupeville, Gardner 148; Ilwaco, Henderson, September 7, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 157. Ellensburg, Whited 592; Puyallup, Piper, September 2, 1899; Spokane, Piper; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1592; Sumas, Lyall; Spangle, Suksdorf 932; Waitsburg, Horner 22, 333; Newport, Piper 4210; Kittitas County, Cotton 1763. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 579 Prof. E. L. Greene considers that the American plants generally referred to Bidens cernua represent not Jess than 13 species. The distinctions relied upon seem very slight. The western Washington specimens apparently are all referable to B. macounii, while most of the eastern Washington plants belong to B. lonchophylla. One of these Washington forms was mistaken for Bidens chrysanthemoides by Hooker, F]. Bor. Am. 1: 314. 1834. 3. Bidens beckii Torr.; Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 135. 1821. Megalodonta remota Greene, Pittonia 4: 272. 1901. TypE LocaLity: Near Schenectady, New York. Rance: Washington, Manitoba, and Quebec to Missouri and New Jersey. ‘SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1890; Davis Lake, Kreager 442. BwwENs DENTATA (Nutt.) Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 412.1899. Bidens quadriaristata dentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 368. 1841. Bidens cernua elata Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 352. 1842. Type locality: ‘‘Wappatoo Island, at the outlet of the Wahlamet, Oregon.” There is much doubt about the identity of this plant, which may perhaps be cleared up by collecting new material at the type locality. COREOPSIS. 1. Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1376. 1830. Calliopsis atkinsoniana Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 311. 1833. TYPE Loca.ity: “‘Mewries [Menzies?] Island, in the river Columbia.’’ Collected by Douglas. RanGE: British Columbia to Oregon and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Tolmie; Douglas; Wenache, Whited 1150; Cas- cades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; mouth of Chelan River, Watson 217; Old Fort Colville, Watson; Chelan Falls, Lake & Hull 748; Loomis, Elmer 601; head of Grand Coulee, McKay, 25; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; without locality, Vasey 551; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 315. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. RUDBECKIA. ConrE FLOWER. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, hispid or hirsute. - . - . - eee eee ee ee ee eee 1. R. hirta. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Glabrous or nearly so, somewhat glaucous; leaves entire or dentate. 2. R. occidentalis. Pubescent, leaves mostly 3 to 5-parted toward the base ........- 3. R. alpicola. 1. Rudbeckia hirta L. Sp. Pl. 2: 907. 1753. Type Locauity: ‘In Virginia, Canada.” RanaeE: Saskatchewan and Canada to Colorado, Texas, and Florida. Introduced in Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 151; Tacoma, Flett 122; Snoqualmie, Miss Parker, July, 1892. Introduced from the eastern States. 2. Rudbeckia occidentalis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 355. 1840. Type Locaity: ‘Rocky Mountains and woods of the Oregon, particularly in the Blue | Mountain range.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance. Washington to Montana and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Suks- dorf 356; Blue Mountains, Columbia County, Piper, July 20, 1896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Rudbeckia alpicola Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899. Type LocaLiry: Mount Stuart, Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, E/mer 1171; Sandberg & Leiberg 578; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1417. BALSAMORHIZA. Ligules persisting: akenes canescent ......-.---.-.----- eee eee 1. B. careyana. Ligules deciduous: akenes glabrous. Leaves entire or merely dentate. Herbage silvery-canescent: involucre woolly ..... 2.2.2.2... 2. B. sagittata. Herbage green: involucre not woolly ...............-.---.- 3. B. deltoidea. Leaves pinnately cleft, parted, or divided. Herbage canescent; involucre puberulent to lanate.......-- 4. B. balsamorhiza. Herbage green. Leaves deltoid, usually laciniate, but varying to coarsely dentate or rarely entire; involucre more or less woolly. 5. B. terebinthacea. Leaves parted into numerous segments, hirsute; involucre hirsute, rarely woolly ...........---2---2---------- 6. B. hirsuta. 1. Balsamorhiza careyana A. Gray, PI. Fenal. 81. 1849. Tyree Locauity: Idaho. ‘Sandy plains, Clear Water, on the Kooskooskie.”” Collected by Spalding. Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and perhaps adjacent Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 166; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Ephrata to Ritzville, Griffiths d& Cotton 483; Prosser to Rattlesnake Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 10; Wallula, Cotton 1052; Delight, Cotton 1004; Washtucna, Cotton 976; Prosser, Cotton 1084, 1105; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 891. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. This species has not since been found near Lapwai, Spalding’s “Clearwater” locality. It is, however, abundant on the lower parts of Snake River and the type may have there been gathered, as some of Spalding’s specimens were collected ‘60 miles west of Clear- water.”’ 2. Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 350. 1840. Buphthalmum saqittatum Pursh, Fl. 2: 564. 1814. Espeletia sagittata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 38. 1834. Espeletia helianthoides Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. 1834. Balsamorhiza helianthoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe. 7: 351. 1840. Tyre Locauity: ‘On dry barren hills in the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis. The exact place is Lewis and Clark Pass, Mentana. RANGE: British Columbia and Montana to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Colville, Lyald in 1861; Spokane County, Suksdorf 366; Sand- berg & Leiberg 23; Spokane, Henderson, May 3, 1892; Flathead River, Wyeth; Pullman, Elmer 828, Piper 1594; without locality, Vasey 496: Rock Creek, Cotton 961; Wenache Mountains, Piper 2668, apparently a hybrid between deltoidea and sagittata, with which it occurred. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arid Transition. 3. Balsamorhiza deltoidea Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 351. 1840. Type Locauity: “Outlet of the Wahlamet, in wet open places,’’ Oregon. Collected by Nuttall. Ranae: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island near Coupeville, Gardner 180; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895, Tacoma, Flett 43; Vancouver, Piper 4945; Nisqually, Wilkes Expedition, PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 581 Yakima, Mrs. Steinweg; Leckenby, April 22, 1896; Mount Stuart, Sandberg & Leiberg 573; without locality, Vasey in 1889: Umtanum Creek, Cotton 1140. The typical plant occurs only west of the Cascade Mountains, and has broad, deeply cordate, usually crenate-dentate leaves, while in the Eastern Washington plant the leaves are longer and narrow, entire or nearly so, and but little cordate. Perhaps two species may be involved. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 4. Balsamorhiza balsomorhiza (Hook.) Heller, Cat. N. A. PI. 7. 1898. Heliopsis? balsamorhiza Hook FI. Bor. Am. 1: 310. 1833. Balsamorhiza hookeri Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840. Type Locauity. “Common on the gravelly banks of the Columbia near Fort Vancouver.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Utah and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 357, 358; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 359; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 568, Mill Plain near Vancouver, Howell, June 4, 1880 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 5. Balsamorhiza terebinthacea (Hook.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 349. 1840. Heliopsis terebinthacea Hook. Fl. Bor Am 1: 310. 1833. Type LocaLity: “Common at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia and in the grounds of the interior.’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington, Idaho, and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 869, 363, 135; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leberg 460; Klickitat River, Suksdorf 360, 362, 361; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897; 60 miles west of Clearwater Spalding. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition 6. Balsamorhiza hirsuta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil Soc. 7: 349. 1840. Tyre Locaity: “Dry plains east of Walla Walla, near the Blue Mountains, and in the Grande Ronde prairie’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Utah and California. SpECIMENS EXAMINED Wenache Mountains, Elmer 476; Whited 13544; Wenache, Whited 6, 1354, Ellensburg, Piper 2718. May 20, 1897, Cleman Mountain, Henderson, June 14, 1892; Coulee City Piper 3853; Waterville Whated 1219; “Wallah Wallah,” Nuttall?, without locality Vasey in 1889, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1193; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes Expedition ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. WYETHIA. Leaves lance-oblong, glabrous, varnished ......------------------ 1. W. amplexicaulis. Leaves lanceolate, sparsely hirsute ....-..----------------------- 2. W. angustifolia. 1. Wyethia amplexicaulis Nutt Trans Am. Phil Soc. 7: 352. 1840. Espeletia amplericaulis Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila 7: 38. 1834. Type Locauiry. “ About Flat-head River.” Collected by Wyeth. Rance: British Columbia and Montana to Nevada and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Columbia River latitude 46° to 49°, Lyall; White Salmon, Suksdorf; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 532; Pullman, Lake & Hull 750; Piper 1595, without locality, Vasey 497, Wenache Mountains, Griffiths & Cotton 113. ZONAL pistRiBuTION: Arid Transition 2. Wyethia angustifolia (DC.) Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soe, 7: 352. 1840. Helhanthus longrfolvus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 312. 1834, not Pursh, 1814. Alarconia angustifola DC. Prod. 5: 537. 1836. 58? CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Helianthus hookerianus DC. Prod. 5: 590. 1836. Wyethia robusta Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 352. 1840. Type Locattty: “In California.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 129. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. HELIANTHELLA. 1. Helianthella douglasii Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. 2: 334, 1842. Tyre Locatity: “Common on the subalpine ranges of the Blue Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 663; Wenache, Whited 154, 1138; Yakima Region, Brandegee 894; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 486; without locality, Vasey 502; Spokane County, Suksdorf 367; Pullman, Piper 1598: Lake & Hull 751; Moxee, Griffiths & Cotton 30. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. HELIANTHELLA UNIFLORA Torr. & Gr. is not known definitely from Washington, but specimens of H. douglasii have sometimes been mistaken for it. HELIANTHUS. Sunriowenr. Annual; disk flowers dark... _. we ee ee eee eee eee ee eee 1. H. annuus. Perennial; disk flowers yellow; involucral bracts ciliate............._.... 2. H. cusickii. 1. Helianthus annuus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 904. 1753. Helianthus lenticularis Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1265. 1829. Tyre Locauity: “In Peru, Mexico.” Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan south to Texas and California, Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1088; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 462; Coulee City, Henderson, July 11, 1892; without locality, Vasey 499; Fresh Lake, M cKay 14; Wawawai, Piper 1597; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894; Marcus, Kreager 462. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Helianthus cusickii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 21: 413. 1886. Type Locatity: Malheur River, Oregon. Collected by Cusick. Rance: Eastern Washington and Eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 368, Columbia River, Howell; Tampico, Flett 1182; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 378; North Yakima, Brandegee; Henderson in 1892; Steinweg; Watt in 1895; Yakima, Piper 1825; Leckenby. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. HELIANTHUS NUTTALL Torr. & Gr. in Suksdorf’s list is based on specimens that are really H. cusickii. JAUMEA. 1. Jaumea carnosa (Less.) A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped 360. 1874. Coinogyne carnosa Less. Linnaea 6: 521. 1831. Tyre Loca.ity: California. Rance: Seacoas:s, Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Shoalwater Bay, Cooper; Henderson, Whidby Island, Gardner 425, 152; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Tacoma, Flett 102, Union City, Paper in 1890. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 583 ERIOPHYLLUM. Akenes glandular... ...-.-------- +--+ 2-02-22 cece ct creer crc 1. E. multiflorum. Akenes not glandular ........-------------------- e+e eect rrr? 2. E. lanatum. 1. Eriophyllum multiflorum (Nutt.) Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 422. 1900. Trichophyllum multiflorum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 35. 1834. Bahia gracillis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 353. 1840. Eriophyllum gracile A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 26. 1883. Type Locauity: “In the valleys of the Rocky Mountains towards the sources of the Missouri.” Collected by Wyeth. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Brandegee 905; North Yakima, Walt in 1895; Mrs. Steinweg; Henderson 2292; Yakima Region, Brandegee 904; Ellensburg, Piper; Whited 493; Thorp, Whited 633; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 405; White Bluffs, Suks- dorf 372; Coulee City, Piper 3857; Ritzville, Sandberg & Leiberg 183; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 302: Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull; without locality, Vasey 492, 493; Spokane, Piper; Snake country, Tolmie. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Eriophyllum lanatum (Pursh) Forbes, Hort. Woburn. 183. 1838. Actinella lanata Pursh, Fl. 2: 560. 1814. Eriophyllum caespitosum Dougl.; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 14: ¢. 1167. 1828. Type LocaLity: “On the highlands of the Kooskoosky.” Collected by Lewis, the exact spot opposite Kamiah, Idaho. Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California. SpECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper 515; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2193; Lake Park, Piper, July 27, 1895; Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Bellingham Bay, Henderson, July 2, 1892; Fairhaven, Piper 2802; Salmon River, Horner 340; Roslyn, Whited 410: Fourth:Plain, Piper, July 10, 1897; Wawawai, Piper, June 9, 1894; Lake & Hull 801; Vancouver, Piper 4932. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. HULSEA. 1. Hulsea nana A. Gray, Pac. R. Rep. 6: 76. 1855. Type Locauity: ‘Crater Pass, Cascade Mountains, 44° 10’,” Oregon. Collected by New- berry. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2153; Allen 227; Mount Adams, Hender- son, August 10, 1892; Flett 1075; Suksdorf in 1878. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. RIGIOPAPPUS. 1. Rigiopappus leptocladus A. Gray, Proc. Am, Acad. 6: 548. 1865. Type Locaity: “Dalles of the Columbia River.” Collected by Lyall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf; Wenache, Whited 1128; foothills Blue Mountains, Horner 142; Wawawai, Elmer 768; Piper 1780. ZONAL pisTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran and Arid Transition. CHAENACTIS. Heads corymbose. -.-- . - - - bce ce cece ee cece eee ee ee eect rece eeees 1. C. douglasii. Heads solitary; alpine dwarf .......--------------- +--+ +0re errr rte 2. C. nevadensis. 1. Chaenactis douglasii (Hook.) Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 354. 1840. Hymenopappus douglasi: Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 316. 1833. 584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Tyre Locatity: “In the barren grounds of the Columbia from the Great Falls to the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Montana to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenby, May 10, 1898; Yakima, Henderson, May 25, 1892; Wenache, Whited 167, 1126; Snipes Mountain, Cotton 497; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 295, Soap Lake, McKay 10; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Geyer 142; Henderson, July 9, 1892; Wawawai, Elmer 897; Lake & Hull 800; Blue Mountains, Horner 347; Clarks Springs, Kreager 92; Marcus, Kreager 457. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 2. Chaenactis nevadensis (Kellogg) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 391. 1876. Hymenopappus nevadensis Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5: 46. 1873. Type Locatity: None given, but presumably the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California. Rance: Washington to Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Stuart, Brandegee 906. GAILLARDIA. 1. Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Fl. 2: 573. 1814. Tyre Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Lewis in Lewis and Clark Pass, Montana. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan south to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fort Vancouver, Jolie; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 438; Parker, Cotton 434; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 979, 191; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Henderson, May 29, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1117, June and July, 1896: Pasco, Hindshaw 12; between Coulee City and Waterville, Spillman, May, 1896; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Old Fort Colville, Watson 224; Spokane, Watson 223; Pullman, Prper 1599; Illia, Lake & Hull 729; without locality, Vasey 501; Clarks Springs, Kreager 26: Lake Kalispel, Kreager 326. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran. HYMENOPAPPUS. 1. Hymenopappus filifolius Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 317. 1833. Type Locauity: “On the undulating arid grounds of the Columbia, near the Walla- wallah and on the banks of the Spokan and Flathead rivers.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Eastern Washington, Eastern Oregon, and Idaho. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Morgans Ferry, Suksdorf 373: Moses Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 375; Walla Walla region, Brandegee 903; Sentinel Bluffs, Cotton 1366. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. HELENIUM. 1. Helenium autumnale grandifiorum (Nutt.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 349. 1884. Helenium grandiflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 384. 1840, Type Locatity: “ Banks of the Oregon and Wahlamet.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 194; Centralia, Piper, Septem- ber, 1895; Sumas Prairie, Lyall in 1858-9; Cascades to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wawawai, Piper, October, 1895; Almota, Piper, August 26, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ACHILLEA. 1. Achillea millefolium lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper, Fl. Palouse Reg. 196. 1901. Yarrow. Achillea lanulosa Nutt. Journ. Acad Phila. 7.36. 1834, ¢ Achillea miilefolium occidentale DC Prod. 6: 24. 1837. Type Locauiry: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Wyeth. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 585 Rance: British Columbia to Manitoba south to Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Crescent, Lawrence 266 ; Everett, Piper 4986; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 1606; Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Smith; Allen; Tolmie; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 286; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897: Kamiak Butte, Piper, July 20, 1899; Wawawai, Lake & Hull 804: Spokane, Kreager 7. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition to Hudsonian. The form of this species which grows near the seacoast is much greener and may perhaps better be referred to typical A. millefolium L. Alpine forms are much reduced in stature, but we believe that none of the Washington specimens can properly be referred to A. borealis Bong. ANTHEMIS. Rays yellow: leaves somewhat tomentose ..................._- Lele ee 1. A. tinctoria. Rays white. Leaves glabrous, ill-scented; rays neutral ................ 2.2... 2. A. cotula. * Leaves pubescent, not ill-scented; rays fertile ..................... 3. A. arvensis. 1. Anthemis tinctoria L. Sp. Pl. 2: 896. 1753. Type vocatity: “ Habitat in Sueciae, Germaniae apricis pratis siccis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Park, Pierce County, Piper. 2. Anthemis cotula L. Sp. Pl. 2: 894. 1753. Maruta cotula DC. Prod. 6: 13. 1837. MAYWEED. Type Locauity: “Habitat in Europae ruderatis praecipue in Ucrania.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 29, 1899. 3. Anthemis arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 894. 1753. Type Loca.ity: “Habitat in Europae praesertim Surcrae agris.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympia, Henderson 2293: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 139; Fort Canby, Savage August 13, 1898. CHRYSANTHEMUM. Heads solitary, large; leaves pinnatifid. ..................... 2... 1. C. leucanthemum. Heads corymbed, smaller; leaves bipinnatifid...................... 2. @. parthenium. 1. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subpinnatifidum Fernald, Rhodora 5: 181. 1903. OXEYE DAIsy. The oxeye daisy is a common weed in a few localities in western Washington. Accord- ing to Hooker it was collected by Douglas at Fort Vancouver as early as 1825. 2. Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Pers. Syn. 2: 462. 1807. FEVERFEW, Matricaria parthenium L. Sp. Pl. 2: 890. 1753. Type Locauity: European. This has been collected as a garden escape at Waitsburg by Horner, and it is reported from west Klickitat County by Suksdorf. MATRICARIA. 1. Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 5: 341. 1894. Artemisia matricarioues Less. Linnaea 6: 210. 1831. Matricaria discoidea DC. Prod. 6: 50, 1837. TyPE Locaity: Unalaschka. Rance: Alaska to California and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1892; Silverton, Bouck 112a; Pullman, Piper 1588; Big Meadows, Kreager 432. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. MaTRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L., the garden chamomile, is reported from Klickitat County as an escape by Suksdorf. 586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. COTULA. 1. Cotula coronopifolia L. Sp. Pl. 2: 892. 1758. Type tocauity: ‘‘ In Aethiopia.” Rance: Washinzton to California, introduced from South Africa. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Hoquiam, Lamb 1223; Port Angeles, Piper, September 1, 1895; Grant in 1889; Tacoma, Flett 127; Charleston, Piper, July 21, 1895; Southbend, Spillman. This plant has been abundant in brackish marshes along the seacoast of Washington for twenty years or more, and gives one the impression of being native. TANACETUM. 1. Tanacetum huronense Nutt. Gen. 2: 141. 1818. Tanacetum douglasii DC. Prod. 6: 128, 1837. Type LocaLiry: ‘‘ Lake Huron near Michilimackinack.”’ Rance: Washington and Oregon on the seacoast, the Great Lakes, Maine and New Brunswick. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Grays Harbor, Lamb 1217; without locality, Cooper; Ilwaco, Piper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. TANACETUM VULGARE L., the garden tansy, is found occasionally as an escape from gardens. ARTEMISIA. Sacesprusn. Wormwoon. Herbaceous or suffrutescent. Disk flowers perfect but sterile; marginal flowers pistillate. Leaves linear, mostly entire, glabrous. .....--.-------- 1. A. dracunculordes. Leaves pinnately or bipinnately divided into narrow lobes. Heads very numerous, small, greenish... ..---.--- 2. A. canadensis. Heads rather few, large, brownish; alpine ...-...- 3. A. borealis. Disk flowers perfect, fertile; marginal flowers pistillate. Receptacle pilose. Leaves silvery pubescent, the short segments fili- form .......--- 2-2-2 ee ecee ee ee eee eee ete 4. A. frigida. Leaves not silvery, the segments oblong or oblong- linear. ........---------- 2-2-2 eee ee ee eee 17. A. absinthium. Receptacle not pilose. Leaves green, finely dissected into linear segments. Biennial; heads small, in leafy panicles. - --.- 5. A. biennis. Perennial; heads few, large. .-.------------- 6. A. longepedunculata. Leaves white beneath, not finely dissected. Involucre persistently white tomentose. Leaves not glandular puncticulate........ 7. A. ludoviciana. Leaves puncticulate with scattered gland- ular dots ........-.----------+---+--- 8. A. atomifera. Involucre green, glabrous or pubescent; not toméntose. Heads campanulate. Leaves pinnately or bipinnately di- vided into narrow segments. . -. -- - 10. A. discolor. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, entire or more or less laciniately cleft. Stem about 1 m. high; leaves persistently tomentose be- neath; involucre green. . ..-- - 9. A. tilesii. PIPER—-FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 587 Stems 30 to 60 cm., slender: leaves very narrow; involucre eee eee eee ee eee eee 11. A. lindieyana. Heads cylindric; leaves lanceolate-oblong, , fuscous sparingly cleft or entire... 2.222222... 12. A. suksdorfii. Shrubs; flowers all perfect and fertile. Tall, .5 to 2 m. high; leaves mostly 3-toothed............. 13. A. tridentata. Less tall, 30 to 60 cm, high; leaves lobed cleft or parted. Leaves 3 to 5-lobed, the lobes cuneate-obovate......... 14. A. arbuscula. Leaves 3 to 5-cleft or parted, the lobes linear. , Panicle spike-like, the heads mostly solitary in the axils of ordinary leaves ..... 222.222.2222... 15. A. rigida. Panicle thyrsoid; heads clustered... ...........-.. 16. A. tripartita. 1. Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh, Fl, 2: 521. 1814. Artemisia cernua Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818. Artemisia inodora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1833. Type Locauiry: ‘‘On the Missouri.” Collected by Lewis; the exact place near the mouth of White River, Lyman Co., 8. Dak. Rance: British Columbia to Sashatchewan, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1609; Wenache, Whited 1337: North Yakima, Henderson, October 5, 1892: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 829; Loomis, Elmer 598; Spokane, Piper, August, 1893: Sandberg, Heller, & McDougal 908; Wawawai Piper 1587. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. bf 2. Artemisia canadensis Michx. Fl. 2: 128. 1804. ? Artemisia pacifica Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 401. 1841, Type Locariry: Hudson Bay. Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to New England and in the Rocky Moun- tains to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 164; Skamania County, Suksdorf 659; Wenatchee, Whited 29. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 3. Artemisia borealis wormskioldii Besser, Dracunc. 83. 1832. Type Locauiry: “In rupibus sinus Kabssund Groenlandiae.”’ Rance: Alaska to Greenland, south to Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett, July 20, 1897; Mount Rainier, //stt, August 27, 1896. 4. Artemisia frigida Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1838. 1803. Tyre Locauiry: “ Daitiriae.”’ Rance: Washington to Saskatchewan, south to New Mexico and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: “Interior Oregon,” i. e. Washington, Cooper in 1853; Colville Reservation, Griffiths & Cotton 362. 5. Artemisia biennis Willd. Sp. PI]. 3%: 1842. 1803. Type Locauiry: “Nova Zelandia ?”’ Rance: Washington to Hudson Bay, south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 545; Colton, Piper 2660. 6. Artemisia longepedunculata Rudolphi, Nov. Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. 3:77. 1834. Artemisia norvegica pacifica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 371, 1884. Type Locauity: “In Siberia ulterior.” RanGeE: Alaska to Washington. Siberia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Horseshoe Basin, //mer 705. 588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, 7”. Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Gen. 2: 143. 1818. Artemisia gnaphalodes Nutt. loc. cit. Artemisia diversifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901. Type Locatity: “On the banks of the Mississippi, near St. Louis; also on the alluvial plains of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia to Michigan, south to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 12, 1892; Wenache, Whited 1338, 11; Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; junction Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 337; Sprague, Lake & Hull 725; Spokane, Piper 3519; Elmer 867; Pullman, Piper 1586; Salmon River, Horner 342; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull 724; Coulee City, Lake & Hull, August, 1892; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1610; Toppenish, Cotton 778; Ellensburg, Elmer 378; Lake Chelan, Gorman 679; Sheep Springs, Leiberg 944; Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 944; Fort Colville, Watson 227: Blue Mountains, Horner 296; without locality, Vasey 479, 482; Squaw Creek, Cotton 867. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran, An exceedingly common species presenting great variability as to leaf contour and pubescence. Several such forms have been considered species or subspecies, a disposition which seems to us entirely artificial. The plant is often called white sage.”’ 8. Artemisia atomifera sp. nov. Cespitose, often in large clumps; stems suffrutescent, most ly simple up to the inflores- cence, 60 to 120 em. high, coarsely striate, canescent or glabrate: leaves numerous, sub- sessile, firm, and rather rigid, green and nearly glabrous above, speckled with numerous white resinous atoms, closely white-tomentose beneath, excessively variable as to form, either all lanceolate and entire or all dentate or laciniate, or the larger ones 5 to 7-pinnately divided with narrow lobes, usually the upper ones entire, the lower variously dentate or lobed, commonly 2 to 6 cm. long; panicle oblong or somewhat pyramidal, 10 to 20 em. long, more or less leafy-bracted, the heads glomerate or spicate on the ascending branches; involucre campanulate, canescently tomentose, more or less atomiferous like the leaves, 2 to 4 cm. high; bracts about 10, ovate, obtuse: flowers 10 to 25 in each head: mature akenes linear-oblong, glabrous, destitute of pappus. A species with the habit and appearance of A. ludoviciana Nutt., to which it is cl sely allied, but apparently well marked by the peculiar atomiferous character of the upper leaf surface, The odor is decidedly more pungent than that of A. ludoviciana. I have never met the species except in Snake River canyon at Wawawai and Almota. The type, in the U.S. National Herbarium, is my no. 6466 from Wawawai, a good series of which shows the variability of the foliage. Other specimens were collected at Wawawal July 19, 1892, and at Almota under no, 2321. 9. Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 5: 568. 1815. Artemisia tilesii elatior Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 422. 1843. Artemisia arachnoidea Sheldon, Bull. Torr. Club 30: 310. 1908. Type Locauiry:; “Hab. in Kamtschatka.” Rance: Alaska to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1199; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy & Brandegee 115, 469; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 871; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Lake Cushman, Piper, August, 1895: Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 492; Twisp River, Whited, July 20, 1896; near Van- couver, Sheldon 11284. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Hudsonian and Canadian. The type of A. arachnoidea Sheldon seems to me only a form of this variable species. 10. Artemisia discolor Dougl.; DC. Prod. 6: 109. 1837. ? Artemisia michauriana Besser, Abrot. 71. 1834. “Ad fluy. Columbiam. Douglas.” Artemisia stenoloba Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard, 1: 432. 1900. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 589 Type Locaity: “In America bor. ad Rocky Mountains, prope Spokan et Kettle Falls.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia and Montana to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 35; Yakima County, Brandegee; Loomis, Elmer 589; Box Canyon, Kreager 388. ZONAL DistRiBuTION: Arid Transition. 11. Artemisia lindleyana Besser; Hook. FI]. 1: 322. 1834, and Abrot. 35. 1834. Type Locatity: “ Northwest coast of America.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf' 193, 1611; banks of Columbia at Alder Creek, Brandegee 908; Pasco, Henderson; Bingen, Piper 6450. Along with the original description of the species, Besser describes four subspecics based wholly on leaf contour, which character in this group we consider worthless. Besser’s sub- species are named /egitima, brevifolia, subdentata, and coronopus. 12. Artemisia suksdorfii Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 42. 1901. Artemisia vulgaris littoralis Suksdorf, Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900, not A. litto- ralis Retz. Type Locauity: Fairhaven, Washington. RanGE: Seacoast, British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, [eller 3976; Fairhaven, Piper 2808; Henderson in 1892; Seattle, Proper; Chuckanut Bay, Suksdorf 980. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 13. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841. COMMON SAGEBRUSH. Type Locatity: “ Plains of the Oregon and Lewis River.”’ Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Montana, Colorado, and eastern California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenby; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 72; plains of the Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; Okanogan, Cooper in 185%; Wenache, Whited 1382, Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 470; Rattlesnake Mountains, Dunn, September 10, 1902; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 717; Chelan, Elmer 850; without locality, Vasey 480. , ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. For illustrations of Artemisia tridentata see Plates TV and VI, facing pages 25 and 36. 14. Artemisia arbuscula Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841. Type Locauiry: ‘On the arid plains of upper California, on Lewis River.’’ Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 861, Cotton 1795, 1796. Two specimens collected by Cotton in the Wenache Mountains, nos. 1565 and 1798, represent a plant intermediate in characters between A. arbuscula and A. tridentata, and this is said to occupy a belt above the latter and below the former. It is probably an undescribed species, but better material is needed. 15. Artemisia rigida A. Gray (Nutt.) Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 49. 1884. SCABLAND SAGEBRUSH. Artemisia trifida rigida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 398. 1841. Type Locatity: “The plains of Lewis River.’’ Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: Idaho, eastern Washington, and eastern Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Suksdorf’ 72; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Leckenby; Wenache, Whited 1332; Chelan, Elmer 850; Moses Coulee, Lake & Hull 717; Okanogan County, Cooper in 1853; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 470; plains of Columbia and Lewis rivers, Nuttall; without locality, Vasey 480; Rock Creek, Cotton 966; Wawawai, Piper 3814, 3815; Fort Simcoe, Cotton 1564. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 16. Artemisia tripartita Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 482. 1900. Artemisia trifida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. '7: 398. 1841, not Turez. 1832. Type Locaity: “Plains of the Rocky Mountains and Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1339; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 482; Okanogan River, Cooper; near Deep Creek Falls, Watson 229; Columbia and Lewis River Plains, Nuttall; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1793. ZONAL pistripuTION: Arid Transition. 17. Artemisia absinthium L. Sp. PI. 2: 848. 1753. WorMwoop. TyPE LOCALITY: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Burnham, August 6, 1901; Piper, August, 1903. This species seems to be spreading rapidly. ARTEMISIA RICHARDSONIANA Besser does not occur in Washington, the “Mt. Rainier Tolmie”’ specimen of the Synoptical Flora having really been collected on the “ E. side Rky. Mts., Burke,” as noted by Dr. Gray on the sheet in the Gray Herbarium. : TETRADYMIA. 1. Tetradymia canescens DC. Prod. 6: 440. 1837. Type Locauity: ‘Ad Columbia River.’’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming, Arizona, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Elmer 400; Wenache, Whited 166; upper Naches River, Henderson, June 3, 1892; Klickitat County, Howell; Wilbur, Henderson, July 17, 1892; Wilson Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg, June, 1893; Coulee City, Lake & Hull 731, Crab and Wilson creeks, Sandberg & Leiberg 247; Spokane, Sandberg, Heller, & MacDougal 930; Palouse River, Lyall ; without locality, Vasey 543; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 695. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. ARNICA. Basal leaves cordate, long-petioled. Heads rayless; herbage villous and viseid.......------------ 1. A. discoidea. Heads radiate. Herbage pubescent, the stems hirsute or villous... .....-- 2. A. cordifolia. Herbage glabrous. Akenes atomiferous-glandular; leaves often similarly glandular on both sides. .......---.---.--------- 3. A. gracilis, Akenes glabrous or nearly so. Leaves large, usually dentate, thin ......-.-- _.. 4. A. latifolia. Leaves small, crenate-dentate, firm.........---- 5. A. betonicaefolia. Basal leaves not cordate, short-petioled. Heads rayless ........-.-..--------- 2-22 ee ee ee ee eee 6. A. parryi. Heads radiate. Leaves dentate or denticulate, mostly rather broad. Pappus whitish, barbellate. Herbage viscid-glandular, upper leaves much re- duced. Stems with corm-like base, this covered with a reddish tomentum.............-...... 7. A. peduneulata. Stems from horizontal rootstocks .......... 8. A. fulgens. Herbage atomiferous-glandular or glandless; up- per leaves but little reduced ....-.----------- 9, A. aurantiaca. Pappus fuscous, subplumose. Upper surface of leaves glabrous, sticky. Stem leaves ovate or ovate-oblong ...-.-.-- 10. A. amplericaulis. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 591 Stem leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong. .. ... 11. A. macounii. Upper surface of leaves pubescent. Pubescence sparse, pilose... 2.222.222 0. 12. A. aspera. Pubescence dense, short .........-........ 13. A. mollis. Leaves subentire, rarely lanceolate. Herbage white-tomentose................0.0.. 2... 14. A. cana. Herbage glabrous or nearly so............- 2.2... 15, A. longifolia. 1. Arnica discoidea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 319. 1849. Arnica cordifolia eradiata Gray, Syn. FI]. 12: 381. 1884. Type Loca.ity: Monterey, California. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 1617, 565. 2. Arnica cordifolia Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833. Arnica macrophylla Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 407. 1841. Type Locauity: “ Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains on the east side.”” Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. . SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 139; Mount Adams, Flett 1103; Clealum, Whited 621; near Wenache, Whited 91, 1101; Eaton, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Spokane, Piper, May 16, 1896; Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 42; Kamiak Butte, Moore, June 4, 1893; Piper, July 20, 1899; without locality, Vasey 535; Lake Kalispel, Kreager 351. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 3. Arnica gracilis Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897. Arnica multiflora Greene, Pittonia 4: 162. 1900. TYPE LocaLity: Spanish Peaks, Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1306; Mount Steele, Piper 2203; Loomis, Elmer, August, 1879; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 682; Mount Adams, Suksdorf, Sep- tember 17, 1883. 4. Arnica latifolia Bong. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 2: 147. 1832. Arnica menziesii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 331. 1833. TYPE LocaLity: Sitka. Rance: Alaska to Oregon and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2205, 1072; Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2143 and August, 1895; Flett 247: Mount Stuart, Elmer 1165; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Suksdorf 195, Flett 1080; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 138; Silverton, Bouck 106; Yakima Region, Brandegee 913, Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 737; Stevens Pass, Whited 1462. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 5. Arnica betonicaefolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 163. 1900. TyPE Locauity: “At 6000 to 7000 feet on slopes of Mount Steele of the Olympic Mountains. ”’ Rance. Olympic Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1306, Mount Steele, Piper 2202, Mount Storm King, Lawrence 349. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arctic. This species is closely allied to A. latifolia Bong., and may prove to be nothing but a reduced alpine form of it 6. Arnica parryi A Gray Am. Nat. 8: 213. 1874. Tyre Locauity. Colorado. Collected by Parry. 592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Range: Washington and Oregon to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Flett 130; Mount Rainier, Piper 2159; Goat Mountain, Allen 137; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 566; Howell; Loomis, Elmer 582; without locality, Vasey 536; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1653. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 7. Arnica pedunculata Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 297. 1897. Arnica monocephala Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 435. 1900. Type Loca.iry: Spanish Basin, Montana. Ranoce: Washington to Montana.. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 719; Wenache Moun- tains, Whited 1137; Spangle, Piper, May 24, 1901; Rock Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg 1038; Pullman, Piper 1578; Elmer 875; Spokane, Dewart. This species is in habit just like the plant referred to A. fulgens Pursh, but that has horizontal rootstocks, while this has a cormose base covered with pale reddish tomentum. This difference may not prove constant, and needs further examination in the field. Both the species here mentioned have been referred to A. alpina Olin, which, in its typical form at least, does not occur in Washington. 8. Arnica fulgens Pursh, Fl. 2: 527. 1814. Type Locauity: ‘On the banks of the Missouri.” Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Republic, Bealfie & Chapman 264, Goat Mountains, Allen 229; Cascade Mountains to Colville, Lyall in 1860; Wenas and Umtanum creeks, Cotton 1148; Ellensburg, Piper 2677; Whited 542, 649; Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Sprague, Hender- son 2279; Waitsburg, Horner 598; Pullman, Prper, June 13, 1894. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arid Transition. 9. Arnica aurantiaca Greene, Torreya 1: 42. 1901. Type LocaLity, “At the head of Keystone Creek, Wallowa Mountains, Oregon, at about 7,000 feet.” Collected by Cusick, August, 1900 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Goat Mountains, Allen 229 10. Arnica amplexicaulis Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 408. 1841. Arnica amplexifolius Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot Gard. 1: 434. 1900 (February 15). Type Locautry: “On the rocks of the Wahlamet at the Falls,’ Oregon. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cape Horn, Piper 4962, 5009; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2204; Flett 818, Mount Rainier, Allen 285a; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 738. 11. Arnica macounii Greene, Pittonia 4: 160. 1900 (December 8). Type Loca.iry: “Near Comox, Vancouver Island.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Skokomish River, Piper 1074; Coast Mountains, Cooper; Cas- cade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1859; White Salmon, Suksdorf 28; Lake Cushman, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1194; Bridge Creek, Elmer 672; Lake Wenache, Sandberg & Leiberg 633. This species differs from A. amplericaulis only in its narrow leaves, a character far from constant. 12. Arnica aspera Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 281. 1902. Type Locatiry: Mount Ruinier. Collected by Greene. SpRcIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Greene, August 20, 1889. This species is closely allied to the Alaskan A. chamissonis Less., but the pubescence is much harsher. 13. Arnica mollis Hook. FI. Bor. Am. 1: 231. 1839. Type tocauity: “Alpine rivulets of the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: British Columbia to Quebec, south California, and Colorado. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 593 SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 285; Piper 2139; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 567: Henderson, August 10, 1892; Howell in 1882; Suksdorf 567; Yakima County, Hender- son 2298; Yakima Region, Brandegee 912; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1164, 1163; Caseade Moun- tains, 49°, Lyall in 1860; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 736; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 725; Bridge Creek, Elmer. Most of the above specimens were distributed as A. chamissonis Less., a species which apparently does not reach our limits. 14. Arnica cana Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 282. 1902. Arnica foliosa incana Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 416. 1876. Arnica incana Greene, Pittonia 4: 169. 1900, not A. incana Pers. 1807. Tyre Locatity: Lake Tahoe, California. Rance: Washington to California. ; SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, Brandegee 139; White Salmon, Suksdorf in 1878; Big Klickitat River, Henderson in 1892. 15. Arnica longifolia D. C. Eaton in Wats. Bot. King. Explor. 186. 1871. Tyee Locauity: ‘Clover Mts.’’ Nevada. Rance: Washington? and Idaho to California and Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 568, a somewhat doubtful specimen. the akenes hairy as well as glandular. The above treatment of the Washington species of Arnica is far from satisfactory. It is probable that further study in the field will compel the recognition of a larger number of species. Collectors should secure large series of specimens and note carefully which characters are constant and which are due to differences in environment. PETASITES. Alpine plant; leaves ovate or oblong, 5 to 7-lobed, 5 to 10 em. long... ...- 3. P. frigida. Lowland plants. Leaves broadly sagittate, very coarsely dentate ............2-2.-.---- 1. P. dentata. Leaves reniform-orbicular, 7 to 11-cleft, very large, often 30 em. or more broad . 2.2.0.0 0 2222 eee 2. P. speciosa. 1. Petasites dentata Blankinship, Mont. Agr. Coll. Sci. Stud. 1:64. 1905. Type Locauity: “The common Rocky Mountain species.”’ RaNGE: British Columbia to Hudson Bay south to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Marshall Junction, Piper, July 2, 1896; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. This species has been generally confused with the entire leaved P. sagittata Pursh of the Hudson Bay region. 2. Petasites speciosa (Nutt.) Piper, Mazama 2: 97. 1901. Nardosmia speciosa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 288. 1840. Type Locatity: ‘Shady forests of the Oregon and Wahlamet by streams.” Collected by Nuttall. RanGE: British Columbia to California. _ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns; Seattle, Piper 123; Silverton, Bouck 104; Tacoma, Flett 201; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 54; Larm River, Suksdorf 140; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1341. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. This species is entirely different from the eastern P. palmata (Ait.) Gray, with which authors have confused it. 29418—O0G6 M 38 594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 8. Petasites frigida (L.) Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. 182. 1846. Tussilago frigida L. Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753. Petasites nivalis Greene, Pittonia 2: 18. 1889. Tyre Locauity: “Habitat in Alpium Lapponiae, Helvetiae, Siberiac convallibus.”’ Rance: Alaska to Washington and Lake Superior, Europe. Asia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Baldy Peak, Lamb 1356; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2190; Mount Rainier, Smith in 1889; Piper in 1890; Skagit Pass, Lake d& Hull 803; Stevens Pass, Sand- berg & Leiberg 783. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. CACALIOPSIS. 1. Cacaliopsis nardosmia glabrata Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 222. 1902. Tyre Loca.ity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Suksdorf. Rance: Washington in the Cascade Mountains. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf in 1883; Klickitat River, Plett 1104; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; near Wenache, Whited 1136; Stevens Pass, Sandberg cd Leiberg 564; Roslyn, Whited 425; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1271. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. LUINA. 1. Luina hypoleuca Benth.; Hook. Ic. Pl. 12: 36. t. 1139. 1873. Type coca.iry: ‘Amongst rocks, Cascade Mountains, Lake Chilukweyuk, ”” Washington. Collected by Lyall. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall; Mount Rainier, Piper 2151, 352; Flett 246: Goat Mountain, Allen 31: Skokomish River, Kincaid, June 14, 1892; Silverton, Bouck; Yakima County, Brandegee; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 784; Skagit Pass, Lake d& Hull 805; Stampede Pass, Henderson, June 26, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 687; without locality, Vasey 540; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 325. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. RAINIERA. 1. Rainiera stricta Greene, Pittonia 3: 291. 1898. Prenanthes stricta Greene, Pittonia 2: 21. 1889. Luina piperi Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 43. ¢. 6. 1891. Psacalium strictum Greene, Pittonia 2: 228. 1892. Tyre LocaLiry: Mount Rainier, Washington. Rance: Cascade Mountains of Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper, August, 1895; Goat Mountains, Allen, 140; Flett 2140; near Mount Adams, Henderson 2320; Mount Rainier, Greene in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. CROCIDIUM. 1. Crocidium multicaule Hook. FI. Bor. Am 1: 335. 1833. Tyre Locauity: “About Fort Vancouver,’ Washington. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 183; Orcas Island, Lyall in 1858: Tacoma, Flett 79; Ellensburg, Whited 262; near Ellensburg, Whited 64; foothills Blue Mountains, Horner 165; without locality, Cooper. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 595 SENECIO. Annual; calyculate bracts of the involucre several, short, closely appressed, distinctly black-tipped.......... 2.222.222... 1. 8S. vulgaris. Biennials or perennials; calyculate bracts of the involucre few, not closely appressed, slightly or not at all black-tipped (except in S. lugens). Leaves, or some of them, pinnate or pinnatifid. Stems mostly leafy; leaves all pinnatifid or the lower- most undivided and orbicular; pubescence if any crisp-hairy, not woolly. Leafy to the inflorescence; leaves thin... ..... - 2. S. harfordii. Leafy at the base, naked above; leaves thick... 3. S. flettii. Stems leafy below, the upper leaves much reduced, mostly pinnatifid or pinnatisect ; pubescence if any white woolly. Herbage densely white woolly or floccose; pubes- cence usually persistent. . Pubescence persistent except in 8. fastigi- atus; leaves 1 to 2 em. broad. Petioles of the basal leaves usually shorter than the blades... .... 22... 12. 8. canus. Petioles of the basal leaves usually ex- ceeding the blades. Leaves entire to pinnate-lobed; up- per leaf surface usually perma- nently woolly _............- 13. S. howellii. Leaves entire or dentate; upper leaf-surface often glabrate..... . 14. S. fastigiatus. Pubescence floccose, more or less evanescent ; leaves 1 to 5 cm. broad. Involucral. bracts and bractlets not conspicuously black-tipped.... 2... . 15. 8S. elmeri. Involucral bracts and bractlets conspic- uously black tipped........ 22.2... 16. S. lugens. Herbage not densely lanate nor floccose; pubes- cence confined chiefly to the base of the stems and the leaf-axils. Heads discoid (except in subspecies fallax). 4. S. pauciflorus. Heads radiate. Stems 10 to 30 cm. high; heads usually solitary. Cauline leaves much _ reduced, bract-like 2.2.02 22 0.0.2.2... 5. S. subnudus. Cauline leaves when present broad and subamplexicaul, closely pec- tinate -... 22222222 eee. 6 S. ovinus. Stems 30 to 70 em. high; heads several to many. Leaves thin in texture, the lower distinctly ovate.....-...-..... 7. S. pseudaureus Leaves thick in texture the lower not ovate. Akenes hispidulous on the angles................. 11. S. balsamatae. 596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, Akenes glabrous. Basal leaves obovate or oblanceolate, dentate only toward the apex.. 9. 8. eymbalarioides. Basal leaves crenate- dentate from the base to apex or subentire. Glabrous; basal leaves nearly quad- rangular, sinuate, dentate or entire. 10. S. fraternus. More or less pubes- cent, especially in the leaf axils; leaves often cune- ata at base....... 8. S. adamsi. Leaves not at all pinnate nor pinnatifid. Rootstock woody; stems low; leaves smali, thick... . 26. S. ductoris. Rootstock none or not woody; stems tall; leaves, at least. the basal ones, large. Stems tall, clustered, leafy to the inflorescence. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, petiolate, coarsely dentate. ........----------+--- 24, S. trianqularis. Leaves lanceolate, sessile Margin of leaves evenly serrate... -- - 25. Margin of leaves entire...........-..- 25a. Stems usually solitary; leaves mostly basal, the cauline much reduced. Herbage wholly glabrous . serra. mH . serra lanceolatus. Leaves glaucous, quite fleshy, mostly entire.........------------------ 17. S. hydrophilus. Leaves not glaucous, mostly dentate. Bracts of the involucre 6 to 7 mm. long, stramineous ......-.----- 18. S. hydrophiloides. Bracts of the involucre 7 to 8 mm. long, brownish ....-.--------- 19. S. foetidus. Herbage more or less pubescent with long jointed somewhat intermixed hairs. Heads discoid... ....--------------- 20. S. vaseyr. Heads radiate. Heads 8 to 10 mm_ high in an- thesis; bracts of the involucre - usually 13,from 5 to 7 mm. oy i=; 73 bo —_ oa . exaltatus. Heads 10 to 12 mm. high in an- thesis: bracts of the involucre about 21, from 6.5 to 8.5 mm. long. Inflorescence open .....----- 22. S. atriapiculatus. Inflorescence dense.........- 23. S. condensatus. 1. Senecio vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 2. 867. 1753. . GROUNDSEL. ry , . Ty ;* “ [ype Locauity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, June 2, 1894; Seattle, Piper in 1885; Lower Cascades, Suksdorf, Mey 29, 1886. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, 597 2. Senecio harfordii Greenman, sp. nov. Glabrous or essentially so throughout; stem erect or ascending from a slender rootstock, 2 to 5 dm. high, somewhat glaucous, usually leafy; leaves mostly pinnately divided, with irregularly lobed divisions, and these in turn dentate, including the petiole 4 to 14 cm. long, 1 to 5 em. broad, thin in texture, and drying pale green; the lowermost leaves often undivided, rotund and crenately lobed; uppermost leaves epetiolate: inflorescence a ter- minal corymbose cyme, few to many- (2 to 30-) headed; heads mostly less than 1 em. high, including the rays 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; involucre shorter than the flowers of the disk; bracts of the involucre about 13, narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, acuminate, acute, glabrose; ray-flowers commonly 5; rays bright yellow; disk flowers 18 to 25; achenes 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, glabrous. OrEeGon: Rocky high lands, Cascade Mountains, May 31, 1869, W. G. W. Harford & Geo. W. Dunn 540 (hb. Gray), type; Rooster Rock, June, 1877, J. Howell (hb. Gray, and hb. Field Mus.); rocky banks of Columbia River, western Oregon, June, 1880, Thomas J Howell (hb. Field Mus.); Bonneville, Multnomah County, July 17, 1885, W. NV. Suksdorf 572 (hb. Gray); Multnomah Falls, July 27, 1902, &. P. Sheldon 11004 (hb. Gray), and at the same locality, June 25, 1904, C. V. Piper 6212 (hb. Gray). Wasnincron: On mountains near the Lower Cescades, May 29, 1886, W. N. Suksdorf (hb. Gray); in woods, Lower Cascades, May 29, 1887, W. NV. Suksdorf 872 (hb. Gray), south of Mount Adams, August 4, 1887, J. B. Flett 1087 (hb. Piper). Differs from S. bolanderi A. Gray in being essentially glabrous throughout, in having somewhat thinner leaf texture, a shorter involucre with fewer involucral bracts and fewer flowers. 3. Senecio flettii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 137. 1899. Tyres Ltocauity: “Near the headwaters of the Quilcene River, Olympic Mountains.” Collected by Flett. Rance: Olympic Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Fett 801; Elmer 2620; Mount Steele, Piper 2196, 929. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 4. Senecio paucifiorus Pursh, Fl. 2: 529. 1814. Type cocaity: ‘In Labrador.’’ RanGE: British Columbia and Washington to Labrador, SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Henderson 2312; Big Meadows, Kreager 428° Deming, Flett 852 in part. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Canadian. 4a. Senecio paucifiorus fallax Greenman, subsp. nov. Stem erect, about 5 dm. high; lower stem-leaves 3 to 8 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em broad, pinnately parted with deep broad sinuses between the lateral divisions, blackish or dark green in the dried state; segments narrowly oblong to subovate, obtusely toothed; upper leaves reduced to mere bracts; inflorescence cymose, few-headed; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, radiate, involucre campanulate; bracts of the involucre 18 to 21, linear, acute, 6 to 8 mm. long, slightly purplish-tipped, glabrous, ray-flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow, disk-flowers 56 to 60, achenes glabrous. Wasninoton: Roadside in partial shade, Deming, Whatcom County, June 380, 1898, J. B. Fleit, no. 852 in part (type in hb. Piper, fragment and tracing in hb Gray). The subspecies fallax is readily separated from D. pseudaureus on the characters of the foliage. 5. Senecio subnudus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837. Senecio aureus suonudus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1%: 391. 1884. Type vocatity. “Ad Columbia River.” Collected by Douglas. Rance. Washington and Montana to California. 598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Near Mount Adams, Henderson 2308; Yakima region, Brandegee 915; Chiquash Mountains, Suksdorf 2167. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 6. Senecio ovinus Greene, Pittonia 4: 110. 1900. Type Locaity: “On Sheep Mountain, Alberta.” Rance: Washington, Montana, and Alberta. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: North Fork of Bridge Creek, Elmer, August, 1897; Horseshoe Basin, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 7. Senecio pseudaureus Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 24: 298. 1897. Tyre Locatity: Little Belt Mountains, Montana Rance: Washington to Nevada and Colorado SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Adams, Suksdorf 570, Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 571, without locality Brandegee 917, Ellensburg, Elmer 431; Whited 442; Lake Keechelus, idenderson in 1892; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Fort Okanogan, Wilkes Expedition 971 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian, 8. Senecio adamsi Howell, Fl. N W. Am. 379. 1900. Type LocaLiry Mount Adams, Washington Rance. Known only trom Mount Adams SPECIMENS EXAMINED Mount Adams, Suksdorf 73, Henderson 2309; Flett 1098. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION Arctic 9. Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 412. 1841. Type Locauiry. “In Oregon ’ Rance. Washington to Athabasca and Utah SPECIMENS EXAMINED Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860, Mount Chapaca, Elmer 592, Pinyon Creek, Gorman 809, Twenty-five Mile Creek, Gorman 810. 10. Senecio fraternus sp nov Perennial, glabrous throughout, the several more or Jess flexuous stems erect or nearly so, arising from a stout caudex, stems about 30 cm high, somewhat coarsely striate, basal leaves thickish, somewhat quadrangular. subentire or with 7 to 11 coarse sinuations, 2 to 3 em. long, the blade abruptly contracted to a narrowly-margined petiole about twice as long, cauline leaves about 6 spatulate-oblanceolate to oblong, becoming smaller and lobed upward, sessile or nearly so, the lateral lobes 4 to 8, oblong-linear, obtuse, heads 8 to 12 in a rather close or convex cymose cluster, only the lower elongated rays branched, invo- lucre somewhat turbinate, of from 11 to 13 linear-lanceolate acutish bracts 6 to7 mm_ long, with a few calyculate ones at base rays few, bright yellow, oblong. 7 mm long, florets 15 to 20, akenes glabrous Collected on Mount Stuart, Kittitas County Washington, by Sandberg & Leiberg, no. 553, July 24, 1893. at an altitude of 1,060 meters. The type specimen 1s in the United States National Herbarium, numbered 285758 The species is somewhat intermediate between S cymbalariowes Nutt and S. adamsi Howell. 11. Senecio balsamitae Muh! , Willd Sp. Pl 3: 1998 1803. Tyee vocauity’ “In America boreal ’’ Rane: British Columbia and Washington to Quebec and Pennsylvania. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Colville Reservation, Groffiths & Cotton 366, Republic, Beattie & Chapman 2256, Wenache, Whited 1096. Pasco, Hindshaw 8. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Transition PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 599 12. Senecio canus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 333, 1833. Type Locatity: ‘Banks of the Saskatchewan, rare.”” Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, Dakota, and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, 49°, Lyall in 1860. 13. Senecio howellii Greene, Bull. Torr. Club 8: 98. 1881. Type Locauity: “On the upper Columbia River in Oregon.” Collected by Howell. The label of the type collection reads ‘Columbia River opposite the mouth of the Des Chutes.” Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1142; Rock Island, Sandberg & Leiberg 457; Pasco, Hindshaw, May 25, 1896; Loon Lake, Winston, July 20, 1897; Spokane County, Suksdorf 275; Spokane, Henderson, May 31, 1892, Piper 2267; Hangman Creek, Suksdorf 934; Clarks Springs, Mreager 98; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1249; Whited 1361; eastern Washington, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL pistripuTion: Arid Transition. This was listed by Torrey in the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition as S. aureus borealis. 14. Senecio fastigiatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841. Senecio spatuliformis Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 552. 1899. Typr Locauity: “The plains of Oregon, near the Wahlamet.”’ Collected by Nuttall. RaNnGE; Washington and Oregon in the coast region. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mason County, Piper, July 20, 1890; Yelm, Smith 538; Clarke County, Henderson; Elma, Heller 4061; Mill Plain, J. Howell, June, 1877; Mount Consti- tution, lett 2734. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 14a. Senecio fastigiatus macounii (Greene) Greenman. Senecio macounti Greene, Pittonia 3: 169. 1897. Type LocaLtiry: Mount Benson, Vancouver Island. Rance: Vancouver Island and Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Constitution, Flef¢ 2730, 2743; Valley of the Columbia River, Lyall in 1860. 15. Senecio elmeri Piper, Erythea 7: 173. 1899. Senecio crepidineus Greene, Ottawa Nat. 15: 250. 1902. Type Locauiry: “On gravelly moraines at the head of North Fork of Bridge Creek, Okanogan County,’’ Washington. Collected by Elmer. Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Without locality, Brandegee 920, 985; Bridge Creek, Elmer 715; Mount Stewart, Elmer 1200. 16. Senecio lugens Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 748. 1823. Type Ltocauity: “At Bloody Fall, where the Esquimaux were destroyed by the North- ern Indians that accompanied Hearne, whence the specific name.” This place is on the Coppermine River in Yukon, RanaE: Yukon to Washington and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, /left 95, 800. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. 17. Senecio hydrophilus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841. Tyre Locauity: “In the Rocky Mountains by Ham’s Fork of the Colorado of the West.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Areager 556; Elmer 863; Piper 2382; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 419; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 18. Senecio hydrophiloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 441. 1900. Type Locaity: Idaho. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Spokane, Piper, July 2, 1896; Spokane County, Suksdorf 376; Ramm, July, 1883; Clarks Springs, Kreager 55; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 5, 1881. ZONAL bistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 19. Senecio foetidus Howell, Fl. N. W. Am. 1: 377. 1900. Type Locatity: Klickitat Valley, Washington. Rance: Known only from the type locality. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat Valley, Howell 224. 20. Senecio vaseyi Greenman, sp. nov. An herbaceous perennial, more or Jess pubescent throughout with jointed crisp hirsutish hairs, later glabrate; stem erect, 4 to 7 cm. high, simple; leaves elliptic-ovate to lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 em. broad, acute or obtuse, entire or inconspicuously denticulate, narrowed at the base into a winged petiole; the upper leaves remote, lanceolate from a sessile subclasping base; inflorescence a simple or compound corymbose cyme; heads medium-sized, 10 to 12 mm. high, discoid; involucre campanulate, sparingly bracteolate; bracts of the involucre 12 to 18, linear-lanceolate, acute, black-tipped; achenes glabrous. WasHINGToN: without definite locality, coll. of 1889, G. R. Vasey, no. 568 (hb. Gray); in and near the Cascade Mountains of Kittitas, Chelan, and King counties, coll. of 1889, G. R. Vasey, without number (hb. Piper); Klickitat River, Cascade Mountains, August 3, 1892, L. F. Henderson (hb. Piper); Chewaukum, Whited 2532; Spipen [Naches] River to Colum- bia River, Wilkes Expedition. CAttrorNta: Mount Shasta, altitude 7,500 feet, August 23, 1881, C. G. Pringle, no. 6. (hb. Gray and hb. Field Mus.); Lassens Peak, coll. of 1875, J. G. Lemmon (hb. Gray). 21. Senecio exaltatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 410. 1841. Tyre Locaitry: “The plains of the Oregon, near the mouth of the Wahlamet.”’ RanGe: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1608; upper Atanum River, Henderson 2311. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2la. Senecio exaltatus ochraceus nom. nov. Senecio cordatus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 411. 1841, not Koch, 1834. Senecio lugens ochroleucus A, Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 388. 1884, not S. ochroleucus Hook. & Arn. 1841, Type Locauiry: “Near the outlet of the Wahlamet.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Flett 2167; Klickitat County, Suksdorf 23: Howell in 1879; Goat Mountain, Allen 230; High Prairie, Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1620; Simcoe Mountains, Howell, June, 1881; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1196; Ellensburg, Piper, May 20, 1897;* without locality, Vasey in 1889. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. . 22. Senecio atriapiculatus Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 442. 1900. Senecio columbianus Greene, Pittonia 8: 170. 1900, not S. renifolius columbiensis A. Gray. 1881. TyPe Loca.ity: None definitely given. RanGe: British Columbia to Washington and Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Carlton, Areager 242; Wenache, Whited 88. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 23. Senecio condensatus Greene, Pittonia 3: 298. 1898. Tyree Locatiry: “High ridges of the Blue Mountains, Walla Walla Co., Washington.” Collected by Piper. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper 2434; Waitsburg, Horner, April 17, 1897. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 601 24. Senecio triangularis Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 332. 1833. Senecio longidentatus DC. Prod. 6: 428. 1837. Senecio gibbonsti Greene, Pittonia 2: 20. 1889. Tyre Locauity: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond. RanaGe: British Columbia to Saskatchewan, south to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2154; Mount Adams, Flett 1083; Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 732; Stampede Tunnel, Henderson, July 26, 1892; Bridge Creek, Elmer 647; Blue Mountains, Horner 344. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian, occasionally Transtion. The type of S. gibbonsit Greene was collected in salt marshes at the mouth of the Colum- bia River. The original specimen has the leaves only few-toothed, but abundant material collected by the writer just above Astoria in salt marshes seems in every way typical S. tri- angularis. This is a remarkable station for the species, which is usually subalpine in its habitat. 24a. Senecio triangularis subvestitus (Howell) Greenman. Senecio subvestitus Howell, Erythea 3: 35. 1895. ‘ Type Locauity: “In wet meadows, top of Siskiyou Mountains near Waldo, Oregon.” Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: East of Mount Adams, //enderson 2310. 25. Senecio serra Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 338. 1833. Type Locauiry: ‘Common on the banks of the Wallawallah, Spokan, and Flathead rivers.”’ Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 702, 495; North Yakima, Steinweg 894; Egbert Springs, Sandberg & Leiherg 392; Kooskooskie to Walla Walla, Wilkes Expedition 521; along Coppei River, Horner 356; Pullman, Piper 1609; Cow Creek, Griffiths & Cotton 527; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 675. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 25a. Senecio serra lanceolatus (Torr. & Gr.). Senecio lanceolatus Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 440. 1848. Senecio andinus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 409. 1841, not Buek. 1840. Senecio serra integriusculus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 387. 1884. Type Locauity: “Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Nuttall, probably in Wyoming. Rance: Washington to Wyoming and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895; Cascade Mountains, Tweedy, August, 1882; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf, July 28, 1882; Waitsburg, Horner 572. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 26. Senecio ductoris nom. nov. Senecio fremonti Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 445. 1843, not S. filifolius fremontit Torr. & Gr. FI. 2: 444. Type Locauity: “Wind River Chain, Rocky Mountains.” RanGeE: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Allen 144; Piper 2146; Bridge Creek, Elmer 695; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2201. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. ANTENNARIA. Pappus bristles of the staminate flowers not dilated at tip. Heads several, brown. Plants without stolons. .............-.-.-2---+-+--+-+-- 1. A. stenophylla. Plants with surculose stolons............-.-2-.--------- 2. A. leucophaea. 602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Heads solitary. Plants with slender naked stolons......-...------------- 3. A. flagellaris. Plants without slender stolons. Pistillate stems 6 to 10 cm. tall........--- Lecce eee 4. A. latisquama. Pistillate stems 2 to 3 cm. tall.......-.-.....-.-.-.. 5. A. dimorpha. Pappus bristles of staminate flowers dilated at tip. Plants not stoloniferous. Pistillate heads oblong, the bracts pinkish. .......-.-.--- - 6. A. geyeri. Pistillate heads not oblong, the bracts white or brownish. , Pubescence close, silky-woolly ........-.----------- 7. A. luzuloides. Pubescence floccose-woolly. Stems 5 to 10 cm. high; alpine plant............ 8. A. anata. Stems 25 to 60 cm. high; not alpine. Tips of the bracts not conspicuously papery.. 9. A. pulcherrima. Tips of the bracts conspicuously white-papery. 10. A. anaphaloides. Plants stoloniferous, growing in patches. Heads loosely racemose; inflorescence glandular... ..-. -- - 11. A. racemosa. Heads corymbose; inflorescence not glandular. Leaves 3 to 5cm. long, oblanceolate or narrowly obovate. Green and glalkrate above. ........-.----------- 12. A. howellii. Tomentose on both surfaces...........--------- 13. A. concolor. Leaves much smaller and narrower. Heads 6 to 8 mm. high; bracts white or pink .... 20. A. parvifolia. Heads 4 to 7 mm. high. Involucral bracts tinged with green or brown. Suffrutescent at base; bracts yellowish... 14. A. confinis. Not suffrutescent; bracts greenish brown. Leaves densely white-tomentose on both sides... .....2.----------- 15. A. media. Leaves glabrate above, loosely to- mentose beneath. .........----- 16. A. tomentella. Involucral bracts white or pink. Leaves obtuse, white-tomentose; bracts pink ........2-2-2-.--.----------- 17. A. concinna. Leaves acute, grayish tomentose. Heads in a dense cluster; bracts pink... 2. ..-0.2...2.-.-2------- 18. A. rosea. Heads in a_ loose corymb: bracts white ..........--2.------------ 19. A. hendersoni. 1. Antennaria stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 213. 1882. Antennaria alpina stenophylla A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 366. 1874. Tyre Locauity: “Spipen [Naches] River.’’ Collected by Pickering & Brackenridge. Rance: Washington and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1345; Ellensburg, Piper 2708; Whited, April 18, 1898; Pasco, Hindshaw 4, May 25, 1896; Kittitas Mountain, W hited, May 27, 1896; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition: Hangman Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 51; Medical Lake, Sandberg & Leiberg, May, 1893, Spangle, Piper 3541; Spokane River, Wilkes Expedition. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 2. Antennaria leucophaea Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902. Type Locaity: Klickitat, Washington. Collected by Howell. Rance: Klickitat County, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell; near Columbus, Suksdorf. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 603 3. Antennaria flagellaris (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 17: 212. 1882. Antennaria dimorpha flagellaris Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exped. 17: 366. 1874. Type Locauity: ‘Between Spinen [Naches] River and the north fork of the Columbia, Washington Territory.”’ Rance: Washington and Oregon to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Piper 2709; Simcoe Mountains, Howell 286; Cleve- land, Suksdorf 451; Spipen River, Wilkes Expedition; Yakima region, Brandegee 92, 887, Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1396. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 4. Antennaria latisquama Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 41. 1901. Type Locatity: Klickitat County, Washington. Collected by Howell. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Howell 417; mountains near Columbus, Suks- dorf, April 13, 1886; near Fort Colville, yall in 1861. 5. Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 431. 1843. Gnaphalium dimorphum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 405. 1841. Tyre Locauiry: “On the Black Hills of the Platte.”’ Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 11; Roslyn, Whited 419; Rattlesnake Moun- tains, Cotton 309; Pasco, Piper 2979; Hindshaw 45; Colville, Lyall in 1860; Spokane River, Geyer 479; Spipen [Naches] River, Wilkes Expedition; Pine City, Piper, May 6, 1898; Spokane, Piper 2296; Lyall in 1861; above Wawawai, Elmer 101; Piper, May 6, 1900; Waitsburg, Horner 152. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 6. Antennaria geyeri A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 107. 1849. Type Locauity: “Arid sandy woods near Tshimakaine, Spokan Country,’’ Washington. Collected by Geyer. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California and Nevada. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Naches River, Henderson, August 11, 1892; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 407; Howell, August 18, 1882; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 14, 1882; Spokane, Hreager 173; near Tshimakaine, Geyer 542. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Antennaria luzuloides Torr. & Gr. Fl. 2: 430. 1843. Type Locauity: “Oregon or Rocky Mountains.’’ Collected by Douglas or by Drum- mond. Rance: British Columbia to Wyoming and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Ellensburg, Whited 399; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 406; between Thorp and Clealum, Whited 399; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 177; without locality, Wilkes Expedition; Pullman, Piper 1512, Blue Mountains, Horner 610. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arid Transition. 8. Antennaria lanata (Hook) Greene, Pittonia 3: 288, 1898. Antennaria carpathica lanata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833. TYPE LOCALITY. ‘Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Drummond. Rance: British Columbia to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2422; Mount Rainier, Allen 289; Piper 527, 2162; Tolmie; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Mount Adams, Henderson, August 10, 1892; Flett 1094; Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull, August 24, 1892; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 833. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION. Arctic. 604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 9. Antennaria pulcherrima Greene, Pittonia 3: 176. 1897. Antennaria carpathica pulcherrima Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 329. 1833. Tyee Locauity: “Swamps of the plains among the Rocky Mountains.” Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Elmer, 452; Pullman, Elmer, June, 1897. ZONAL DistRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 10. Antennaria anaphaloides Rydberg, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 409. 1900. Tyre LOcALITy: Spanish Basin, Montana. Rance: Washington to Montana. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Upper Naches, Henderson, June 15, 1892; Cleman Mountain, Henderson 2284; Similkameen, Lyall in 1860; Yakima County, Henderson 2284; Wenache Mountains, Cotton 1307. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 11. Antennaria racemosa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 330. 1833. Antennaria piperi Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 21. 1901. Type Locaity: ‘Alpine woods of the Rocky Mountains.”’ Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to Oregon and Wyoming. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2420; Nisqually sources, Allen 224; Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 484; Klickitat River, Fleit 1105; Wenache Mountains, Whited 1261; Roslyn, Whited 419; Clealum, Henderson, June 11, 1892; Kamiak Butte, Elmer in 1897; Piper, July 20, 1890; Mount Carlton, Areager 227; without locality, Vasey in 1889; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 329, 330; Olympic Mountains, Piper in 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian. 12. Antennaria howellii Greene, Pittonia 3: 276. 1898. Type Locatiry: St. Helens, Oregon (not ‘Mt. St. Helen’). Collected by Howell. Rance: British Columbia to Montana and Oregon. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Elmer 2423; Mason County, Kincaid, June 15, 1892; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen; Tacoma, Flett 103; near Mount Adams, //en- derson 2289; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2109; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 404, Pend Oreille River, Lyadl in June, 1861; Spokane, Piper 2942; Spangle, Piper 3539; Blue Moun- tains, Horner 171. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. This species was formerly referred to A. plantaginifolia (L.) Hook. of the Eastern States. 138. Antennaria concolor sp. nov. Cespitose, the ligneous rootstocks and stolons slender; stems slender, erect, 20 to 30 cm. high, sparsely tomentose; basal leaves thin, spatulate, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, whitish, abruptly acuminate, concave on the lateral margins, the greener upper side becoming nearly glabrous the second season; cauline7 to 9, linear or linear-lanceolate; inflorescence of 4 to 7 short-peduncled heads in a corymb; involucre 8 to9 mm. high; bracts in about 3 ranks, mostly acute, greenish below, fuscous in the middle, the tips paler or white. Type specimens collected by the writer in open places in fir woods near the suburb of Portland, Oreg., known as Mount Scott, June 6, 1904, no. 6189. A few colonies only were found, all pistillate. The species is perhaps nearest to A. howellii Greene, which was abundant in the same locality, but that has larger and thicker leaves, nearly always smooth and green above with the lateral margins nearly straight and with the heads usually sessile. I would also refer to this species no. 485, G. R. Vasey, collected in the Cascade Mountains, probably near Ellensburg, Wash., in 1889. This was referred doubtfully by Nelson (Pro- ceedings U.S. National Museum 33:713) to A. pedicellata Greene, but that has a glandular inflorescence. The Vasey specimen differs from the type of .4. concolor only in that the stems are somewhat stouter, the leaves thicker and Jess suddenly narrowed into the petiole and the heads shorter-pedicelled. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 605 14. Antennaria confinis Greene, Pittonia 4: 40. 1899. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona. Rance: Washington to Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache Mountains, Whited 1262; Cotton 1280; Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 1280. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 15. Antennaria media Greene, Pittonia 3: 286. 1898. Tyree Locauity: ‘Mountains above Coldstream, Placer Co., California.” Rance: British Columbia and Alberta to California and Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper, August, 1895; Elmer 2421; Mount Rainier, Allen 141; Mount Adams, Henderson, August, 1892; Flett 1180; Yakima region, Brandegee 886. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arctic. This species was formerly confused with the European A. alpina (L.) Gaertn. 16. Antennaria tomentella E. Nelson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 23: 701. 1901. Tyre Locatity:; “Near Stevens Pass, Cascade Mountains, Washington.’’ Collected by Sandberg & Leiberg. Rance: Cascade Mountains, Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Stevens Pass, Sandberg & Leiberg 751; Mount Adams, Cotton L517. 17. Antennaria concinna FE. Nelson, Proc. U. 5S. Nat. Mus. 23: 705. 1901. Tyre Locauity: “Olympic Mountains, Clallam County, Washington.” Rance: Washington, Oregon, Utah. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Clallam County, Elmer 2417; Mount Storm King, Lawrence 350; Olympic Mountains, Piper 2191. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Hudsonian. 18. Antennaria rosea Greene, Pittonia 3: 281. 1898. Antennaria divica rosea D. C. Eaton: S. Wats. Bot. King. 186. 1871, nom. nud. Type Locauity: North Park, Colorado, collected by C. S. Sheldon. Rance: British Columbia to Alberta, Colorado, and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Rainier, Piper 2161; Mount Adams, Henderson 2288; Goose Lake, Flett 1095; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2190; Ellensburg, Elmer 398; Mountains north of Ellensburg, Whited 661; Sprague, Sandberg & Leiberg 213; Loomis, Elmer 372; Spangle, Piper, June 24, 1899; Spokane, Henderson 2286; Piper 2273; Cheney, Tucker, in 1890; without locality, Vasey 484, 487. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 18a. Antennaria rosea angustifolia (Rydberg) IE. Nelson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 23: 706. 1901. Antennaria angustifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 546. 1899. Type LocaLiry: Yosemite Valley, California. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piver 2192; Mount Baldy, Conard 394. 19. Antennaria hendersoni Piper, Bull. Torr. Club 29: 221. 1902. Type LocaLiry: Mount Adams, Washington, collected by Henderson. Rance: Washington. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Mount Adams, Henderson 2290 July 3, 1892; Flett 1078. 20. Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 406. 1841. Antennaria aprica Greene, Pittonia 3: 282. 1898. Type Locauiry: “On the Black Hills and plains of the upper part of the Platte.” Col. lected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to Manitoba, south to New Mexico and Nebraska. 606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Yakima Region, Brandegee 883 in part; Spokane, Piper 2297, 2298; Spokane, Kreager 174. ‘ ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition ANAPHALIS. la. Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene, Fl. Fran. 399. 1897. Type Locauity: Sand hills of the seaboard at least from Middle California to Alaska. RanGeE: Alaska to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Seattle, Piper; Silverton, Bouck 103; Goose Lake, Flett 1096; Tacoma, Flett 129: Tieton River, Cotton 445; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Roslyn, Whited 467; along Twisp River, Whited 204; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 744; Bridge Creek, Eimer 634; without locality, Vasey 488; Mount Carlton, Areager 223; Fish Lake, Dunn, August, 1900; Atanum Soda Springs, Watt, August, 1895. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 1b. Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 233. 1884. TYPE Loca.ity: ‘Mountains of Colorado.” Rance: Washington to Colorado. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Snoqualmie Falls, Piper 676; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 511; Mount Stuart, Elmer 1177 Stuart Island, Lawrence 155. GNAPHALIUM. Bristles of the pappus united at base; involucre brownish.........- 1. G. purpureum. Bristles of the pappus separated at base. Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres very woolly. Bracts white; plants loosely-woolly..............2.....-. 2. (7. palustre. Bracts brownish; plants appressed-woolly.... 2.2.2... .. 3. @. uliginosum Plants tall; flowers in looser, leafless clusters; involucres woolly only at base. Glandular; leaves green above.................22..-.-- 4. Gr. decurrens. Not glandular; leaves white-woolly. Involucre white; cymes loose..........2.2.2.-22-2--- ¢ 5. G. mrerocephatum. Involucre yellowish; cymes dense.............2----- 6. @. chilense. 1. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 854. 1753. Type Loca.ity: “In Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania.” RANGE: Throughout the most of the United States, Mexico, South America. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 3919; Seattle, Piper, July, 1895; Tacoma, Flett 72; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1580. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 2. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404, 1840. Gnaphalium gossypinum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840. Type Loca.iry: “Rocky Mountains, Oregon, California, and Chile.” RancGE: Washington to Wyoming, south to California and Arizona. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4014; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 2070, 655, 653, 654, 2080; mouth of Columbia, Nuttall; Wenache, Whited 242; Ellensburg, Whited 696, 496; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Crab and Wilson creeks, Sand- berg & Leiberg 284; Rock Lake, Lake & Hull, August 3, 1892; Spokane, Henderson, July 9, 1892; Pullman, Piper 1583; Almota, Piper 2735; Mount Carlton, Kreager 177. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition and Upper Sonoran. 3. Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 856. 1753. TYPE LocaLity: European. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 607 Rance: British Columbia to Oregon. Asia. Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whatcom County, Suksdorf 975; Fairhaven, Piper; west Klick- itat County, Suksdorf 127,656; Manor, Piper, July 10, 1899; Kalama, Piper, October 30, 1901. ZONAL DIsTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 4. Gnaphalium decurrens californicum (DC.) A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 341, 1876. Gnaphalium californicum DC. Prod. 7: 224. 1865-8. Type Loca.iry: California. Rance: Washington and Idaho to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Falcon Valley, Suksdorf 33; Mount Adams, Flett 1067; Kittitas County, Sandberg & Leiberg 700; Pend Oreille River, Lyall in 1861. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition and Canadian. 5. Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 404. 1840. Type Locatiry: “St. Diego, Upper California.” Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Port Ludlow, Binns, August 15,1890; Port Townsend, Edwards 33; Anacortes, Henderson, July 5, 1892; Tacoma, Flett 138; upper Nisqually Valley, Allen 223; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 830; Leavenworth, Savage 25; Whited 245; Tumwater Canyon, Whited 1458; Spokane, Piper, August 28, 1898; Newport, Kreager 454. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 6. Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. Syst. 3: 480. 1826. Gnaphalium sprenglii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 150. 1838. Gnaphalium luteo-album occidentale Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 403. 1841. TypELoca.ity: California. There collected by Chamisso, but the specimens erroneously attributed to Chile. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1076; North Yakima, Watt, August, 1895; Piper 1786; Lake Chelan, Lake & Hull 745; Pullman, Piper, October 5, 1897; Waitsburg, Horner 412; Alma, Elmer 544; Toppenish, Cotton 777, Prosser, Cotton 896. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. ADENOCAULON. 1. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Bot. Misc. 1: 19. ¢. 75. 1830. . Type Locauity: “In sylvis densis apud Fretum de Fuca, atque prope Fort Vancouver ad flumen Columbiae, in ora occidentali Americae Septentrionalis.” Collected by Scouler. Rance: British Columbia to California and east to Lake Superior. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Cascade Mountains, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1859; Olympic Mountains, Edwards in 1889; Silverton, Bouck 87; Seattle, Piper, July, 1891; upper Nis- qually Valley, Allen 12; Peshastin, Sandberg & Leiberg 598; Stehekin, Whited 1400; Max- field, Henderson, June 22, 1892, Skagit Pass, Lake & Hull 806; Railroad Creek, Elmer 859; without locality, Vasey 490; without locality, Geyer 523; Mount Carlton, Kreager 214. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. PSILOCARPHUS. Heads covered with long loose woolly hairs. Erect, 6 to 15 cm. high; heads sparsely woolly ......-.-.------- 1. P. elatior. Dwarf; heads very woolly ..........-.-------.--------------- 2. P. brevissimus. Heads covered with short close wool. Prostrate; leaves oblong or elliptic... ....-...-.-.------------- 3. P. tenellus. Ascending; leaves narrowly oblanceolate. .........-.----------- 4. P. oreganus. 608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1. Psilocarphus elatior A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 1°: 448. 1886. Psilocarphus oreganus elatior A. Gray, Bot. Cal. 1: 336. 1876. Type LocaLity: Portland, Oregon. Rance: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper 1125; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 1573; Manor, Piper 3079; Pullman, Piper, September 30, 1897; Blue Mountains, Horner 336; Coulee City, Piper 3904; Vancouver, Piper 5024. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. 2. Psilocarphus brevissimus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 340. 1840. Type Locauity: “Plains of the Oregon River, in inundated tracts.” Collected by Nuttall. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Coulee City, Piper 39044. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 3. Psilocarphus tenellus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 341. 1840. TYPE LOCALITY: Santa Barbara, California. Rance: British Columbia to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Fairhaven, Suksdorf, July 15, 1890. 4. Psilocarphus oreganus Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 341. 1840. Type cocauity: ‘Near the Oregon and outlet of the Wahlamet.’”’ Collected by Nuttall. RANGE: Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat County, Suksdorf 32; Howell 284; Spokane County, Suksdorf 932, 931; Coulee City, Piper. Nuttall’s type in the Gray Herbarium agrees with his description and is the plant under- stood by Dr. Gray. There is evidently some error in regard to the type locality, as the only species found in recent years near the mouth of the Willamette is P. elatior Gray. CENTAUREA. Bracts of the involucre each tipped with a slender spine; rays vellow; pappus of unequal bristles. ..... 222220022022 22 22 ee ee 1. C. melitensis. Bracts of the involucre spineless, all more or less fimbriate. Annual; rays red, blue, white, or violet; pappus present ........... 2 C. cyanus Perennial; rays red; pappus none.._..............-22..-......-. 3. C. consimilis. 1. Centaurea melitensis L. Sp Pl. 2: 917. 1753. Type Locauity: “In Melita.” : SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Whidby Island, Gardner 161; Port Townsend, Edwards in 1896; Seattle, Piper, September, 1898. 2. Centaurea cyanus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 911. 1753. CORN FLOWER. Tyre Locatity: Europe. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Wenache, Whited 1270. 3. Centaurea consimilis Boreau, Fl. Centr. Fr. ed. 3. 2: 351. 1857. Type Locatiry: Angers, France. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Hardwick 2390. CNICUS. 1. Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 826. 1753. BLESSED THISTLE. Centaurea benedicta L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 1296 1763. Type Locauity: ‘In Chio, Lemus, Hispania.” SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Waitsburg, Horner 166; Colfax, Piper, June 28, 1901. PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 609 SILYBUM. 1. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 378. 1802. MILK THISTLE. Carduus mariana L. Sp. Pl. 2: 823. 1753. Type coca.ity: “In Angliae, Galliae, Italiae aggeribus ruderatis.”’ SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper in 1902; Vancouver, Piper in 1904. CARDUUS. TuisT-e.: Dioecious; heads small; perennial by spreading roots ...........-.-- 1. C. arvensis. Hermaphrodite; heads larger; biennials. Bracts of the involucre all with dilated fringed tips. .........-.- 2. C. americanus. Bracts of the involucre or some of them with spiny tips. Outer and inner bracts all with spiny tips.........-........ 3. @. lanceolatus. Outer bracts spine-tipped; inner ones unarmed. Involucre loose, the outer bracts nearly or quite as long as the inner. Heads clustered, short-peduncled; flowers pink..... 4. C. edulis. Heads few, long-peduncled; flowers cream-color.... 5. C. remotifolius. Involucre close, the outer bracts much shorter than the inner. Heads clustered, subsessile, leafy; bracts herbaceous, not glandular on the back ................-.--- 6. C. foliosus. Heads not clustered, peduncled; bracts coriaceous, glandular on the back. Outer bracts with spines nearly as long... .--- - 7. C. ochrocentrus. Outer bracts with much shorter spines. Leaves canescent on both sides; flowers usually pink. .........-.-.----------- 8. C. undulatus. Leaves green above; flowers whitish... . -- 9. C. palousensis. 1. Carduus arvensis (L.) Robs. Brit. Fl. 163. 1777. CANADA THISTLE. Serratula arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 2: 820. 1753. Cnicus arvensis Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 17: 130. 1804. Cirsium arvense Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 126. 1772. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, July 1, 1895; Tacoma, Piper. The Canada thistle is now well established in various places in Washington, but it pro- duces good seed only exceptionally, and therefore its spread is slow. 2. Carduus americanus (A. Gray) Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club 28: 508. 1901. Cnicus carlinoides americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 48. 1874. Cnicus americanus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 19: 56. 1883. Type Locauity: “ Rocky Mountains of Colorado.” Rance: Washington to California and New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper in 1888; Goose Lake, F'lett 1097. 3. Carduus lanceolatus L. Sp. Pl. 2: 821. 1753. BULL THISTLE. Cnicus lanceolatus Willd. Prod. Fl. Berol. 259. 1787. Cirsium lanceolatum Scop. FI. Carn. ed. 2. 2: 130. 1772. Type LocaLity: European. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper, August, 1897; abundant in western Washington. 4. Carduus edulis (Nutt.) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 362. 1893. Cirsium edule Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 7: 420. 1841. Cnicus edulis A. Gray Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1874. Type Loca.ity: ‘The plains of Oregon and the Blue Mountains”? Collected by Nuttall. 29418—06 mM——-39 610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM Rance: British Columbia to Idaho and California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Montesano, Heller 4000, 3963; Cascade Mountains, latitude 79°, Lyall in 1859; Sumas Prairie, latitude 49°, Lyall in 1858; Seattle, Piper, August, 1892; Mount Rainier, Piper 2152; Beaver Creek, Whited 24; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 695; Conconnully, Whited 1315; west Klickitat County, Suksdorf 143, 144; Ellensburg, Whited 660; Blue Mountains, Horner 330. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Transition. The roots of this species were formerly used by the natives as food. 5. Carduus remotifolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 302. 1833. Cnicus remotifolius A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 47. 1875. Cirsium remotifolium DC. Prod. 6: 655, 1837. Type Locauity: “Inthe valley of the Columbia.” Collected by Douglas. Rance: Washington to California. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: West Klickitat County, Suksdorf 145; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 574; Yakima region, Brandegee 922; Nason Creek, Sandberg & Leiberg 626; Fourth Plain, Piper, July 10, 1899; Cape Horn, Piper 4963. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Humid Transition. 6. Carduus foliosus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 303. 18833. Cnicus foliosus Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 40. 1874. Cirsium foliosum DC. Prod. 6: 654. 1837. Type Loca.ity: “Prairies of the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Drummond. Rance: Washington and Oregon to Alberta. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Pullman, Piper 1822 and June, 1893; Henderson 4275; without locality, Vasey 475. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Arid Transition. 7. Carduus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 336. 1893. Cirsium ochrocentrum A, Gray, Pl. Fendl. 110. 1849. Type Locauiry: ‘Mountain sides around Santa Fe,’’ New Mexico. Rance: Washington to California and Texas. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Blue Mountains, Piper in 1896. 8. Carduus undulatus Nutt. Gen. 2: 130. 1818. Cnicus undulatus A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10: 42. 1875. Cirsium douglassii DC. Prod. 6: 643. 1837. Cirsium undulatum Spreng. Syst. 3: 374. 1826. Type Locatiry: “On the calcareous islands of Lake Huron and on the plains of upper Louisiana.” Rance: Washington to Canada, south to New Mexico. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Klickitat River, Suksdorf 142; Columbia Valley, Lyall in 1860; Yakima County, Henderson 2274, Wenache, Whited 91, 1173, 1271; Spokane, Piper, July, 1896, Almota, Piper 1823; Wawawai, Hull, June, 1892: Rattlesnake Mountains, Cotton 712 ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Upper Sonoran. 9. Carduus palousensis sp. nov. Perennial, stems erect, usually loosely branched above, 30 to 90 em. bigh, tomentose when young, becoming glabrous; leaves lanceolate in outline, pinnatifid into 3 to 7 pairs of entire or toothed lobes, early becoming green and glabrous above, persistently white- woolly beneath, 5 to 15 cm. long, bearing but few prickles, the uppermost commonly simple, head 3 to 4 cm high, often on jong nearly naked peduncles, involucre hemispheric. its bracts firm, Closely imbricated m several successively shorter ranks, not ciliolate, all but the innermost prickly-pointed, each bearing an oblong or linear glandular spot near the tip, innermost attenuate-acuminate and feebly armed or muticous, flowers yellowish PIPER—FLORA OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 611 white; corolla lobes shorter than the throat; pappus bristles somewhat clavellate at tip; anther tips acute. This species was erroneously referred to C’. brewert (Gray) Greene in the Flora of the Palouse region. Specimens have been examined as follows: Silver Lake, Henderson 2277; Ellensburg, ’ Whited 558, 857; Pullman, Elmer 99; Piper 1589 (type); without locality, Vasey 477, 478, Waitsburg, Horner 303. ARCTIUM. 1. Arctium minus Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 49. 1803. Burpock. Type LocALiry: Germany. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Seattle, Piper. SAUSSUREA. 1. Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton, Bot. Gaz. 6: 283. 1881, Type Locauitry: ‘‘ Mountains of Union Co., Oregon.’’ ‘Collected by Cusick. RanGE: Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: Olympic Mountains, Piper 2188, 930; Mount Rainier, Piper 2141; Mount Adams, Suksdorf 573; Simcoe Mountains, Howell; Monte Cristo, Misses Coffin & Goodspeed; without locality, Vasey 550. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian and Hudsonian ADDENDA. While the preceding pages have been in press several papers by Mr. W. N. Suksdorf dealing with Washington plants have been issued, as follows: Washingtonische Pflanzen II, Allgemeine Botanische Zeit- schrift, vol. 12, pages 5 to 7, 26 to 27, and 42 to 43, 1906; Neue Pflanzen aus Washington I, West American Scientist, vol. 15, pages 58 to 61, 1906. Material for only a few of many new species and subspecies pro- posed has been available for examination. CALAMAGROSTIS ANOMALA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitsen. 12: 43. 1906. Mount Adams. Related to C. scribneri Beal, but believed to be distinct. FESTUCA REFLEXA Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 98. 1863. This has recently been collected by Mr. Suksdorf near Bingen. It may be dis- tinguished from C. pacifica Piper by the 1 to 3-flowered spikelets which are all divaricate. Festuca MyuRos L, Sp. Pl. 1:74. 1753. Lake Washington, Suksdorf, July 3, 1890. Easily distinguishable from megalura Nutt. by the absence of the cilia from the lemma. QUAMASIA AZUREA Heller, Bull. Torr. Club 26: 547. 1899. The only character adduced to distinguish this from @. quamash is the blue color of the flowers, an insufficient distinction in our opinion. CoRALLORHIZA MULTIFLORA SULPHUREA Suksdort, Allg. Bot. Zeitsch. 12: 42. 1906. Bingen. CoRALLORHIZA LEIMBACHIANA Suksdorf, op. cit. 42. Bingen. Both of these are close allies of C. multiflora. PIPERIA TRANSVERSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 43. Bingen. RANUNCULUS OCCIDENTALIS LAEVICAULIS Suksdorf, West Am. Sci. 15:58. 1906. Characterized by having the stems glabrous instead of pilose, as in R. occi- dentalis Nutt. PHYSARIA ALPESTRIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 58. A new species from Mount Adams. SAXIFRAGA PADDOENSIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 59. From Mount Adams, said to be related to S. punctata L. SAXIFRAGA FRAGOSA LEUCANDRA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen. SAXIFRAGA BRACTEOSA LEPTOPETALA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen. SAXIFRAGA BRACTEOSA MICROPETALA Suksdorf, op. cit. 60. Bingen. LITHOPHRAGMA TENELLA RAMULOSA Suksdort, op. cit. 61. Bingen. LirHOPHRAGMA TENELLA FLORIDA, Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen. VICIA WASHINGTONENSIS Suksdorf, op. cit. 59. Based on specimens collected on cliffs near Bingen. SANICULA TRIPARTITA Suksdorf, Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 12:5. 1906. A new species closely related to S, menziesii, but distinguished by the larger fruit, which has only a very short stipe. The type is from Bingen, Klickitat County. Seattle specimens, Piper 643, seem also to be referable to this species. 613 614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM, STEIRONEMA CILIATUM OCCIDENTALE Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Bingen. Said to be distinguishable from S. ciliatum Raf. by having shorter-petioled, less acute leaves. NAVARRETIA PROPINQUA Suksdorf, op. cit. 26. Spokane County and Falcon Valley. A new species very close to NV. intertexta, but with more dissected leaves, corolla shorter than calyx, and the style only half as long as the stamens. ILYSANTHES GRATIOLOIDES DEPRESSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 61. Bingen. OrtHocarPUS RARIOR Suksdorf, op. cit. 27, Faleon Valley and Spokane County. A close ally of O. hispidus, from which it is said to differ by having a bright yellow corolla and obtuse capsules, besides being less pubescent. APHYLLON INUNDATUM Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Bingen. Allied to A. uniflorum. Its host plant is Coreopsis atkinsoniana Dougl. APHYLLON ARENOSUM Suksdorf, op. cit. 27. Type from Bingen. The western plants referred to A. ludovicianum are considered to represent a dis- tinct species. PLECTRITIS CONGESTA ALBA Suksdort, op. cit. 6. Bingen. A white-flowered subspecies or form of Valerianella congesta. ALIGERA MACROPTERA OBTUSA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Bingen. ANTENNARIA RHODANTHA Suksdorf, op. cit. 6. Skamania County. A new species unknown to us, apparently allied to .4. rosea. ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA REVOLUTA Suksdorf, op. cit. 7, Skamania County. Said to be distinguishable by having small linear revolute leaves. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The following is a list of publications relating wholly or largely to the flora of Washington: Allen, Edward F. The Western hemlock. Bulletin 33, Bureau of Forestry, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1902. Contains also a list of the trees of Washington and Oregon. Ayers, H. B. Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth Annual Report, U. 8. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 283-313. 1898. Contains notes on the forest trees of the region. Cooper, J. G. Report on the medical flora of Washington Territory. Transactions American Medical Association 10: 221-237. 1857. Catalogue of plants collected in Washington Territory. Pacific Railroad Reports 127: 50-71. 1860. Contains list of plants collected by Cooper, Gibbs, and Suckley, mostly identfied by Gray or by Torrey. The sylva of Montana. American Naturalist 3: 405-422. 1870. Includes notes on Washington trees. Cotton, John 8. Three new plants from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 29: 573. 1902. Describes Glyceria latifolia, Astragalus olympicus, and Orthocarpus barbatus, A report on the range conditions of central Washington. Bulletin 60, Wash- ington Agricultural Experiment Station. 1904. Contains economic references to many plants. Coues, Elliott. Notes on Mr Thomas Meehan’s paper on the Plants of Lewis and Clark’s Expedition across the continent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1898: 291-315. 1898, History of the expedition under the command of Lewis and Clark. Contains references to many Washington plants, with detailed notes on the more important economic ones. These notes are all by Lewis. Dodwell, Arthur, and Rixon, Theodore. Olympic Forest Reserve. Twenty-first Annual Report, U. 8. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 145-209. 1900. Contains notes on forest trees Elmer, A. D. E. New Western plants. Botanical Gazette 86: 52-61. 1903. Includes eleven proposed new species from Washington. An extension of range for Woodwardia radicans. Fern Bulletin 7: 9-10. 1899. Flett, J. B. Some Washington ferns. ‘Fern Bulletin 8: 40-41. 1900. — Notes on some rare Washington ferns. Fern Bulletin 10: 24-25. 1902. [he fern flora of Washington. Fern Bulletin 11: 79-85. 1903. Gannett, Henry. Forest conditions and standing timber 1n Washington. Nine- teenth Annuai Report, U S Geologicai Survey, pt 5. 26-42. 1898 Has piates showing percentage compositions of torests in western Washington as regards red fir, western hemuock, cedar. and spruce. 615 616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Gannett, Henry. The forests of Washington. Professional Paper no. 5. series H. Forestry 2. U.S. Geological Survey, 1902. A detailed account of the merchantable timber in each county of the State and a map showing relative density of stand. Geyer, Charles H. Notes on the vegetation and general character of the Missouri and Oregon Territories, made during botanical journey from the State of Mis- souri across the south pass of the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, during the years 1843 and 1844. London Journal of Botany 4: 479-492, 653-662. 1845; 5: 22-41, 198-208, 285-310, 509-524. 1846. Gorman, Martin W. Eastern part of Washington Forest Reserve. Nineteenth Annual Report, U. 8. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 315-350. 1890. Refers to many plants, especially trees and shrubs. Griffiths, David. Forage conditions and problems in eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, northeastern California, and northwestern Nevada. Bulletin 38, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1903. Incidentally mentions a considerable number of Washington plants. Henderson, L. F. The Flora of the Olympics. Zoe 2: 253-295. 1891. Gives list of species observed or collected in these mountains. Holzinger, John M._ Report on a collection of plants made by J. H. Sandberg and assistants in northern Idaho in the year 1892. Contributions from U. 8. National Herbarium 3 : 205-287. 1895. Mentions several Washington plants, mainly from Spokane and Kamiak Butte. Hooker, J. D. Account of the botanical collections made by David Lyall, R. N., F. L. S., surgeon and naturalist to the North American Boundary. Journal of the Linnzean Society 7 : 124-144. 1864. Hooker, W. J. A brief memoir of the life of Mr. David Douglas with extracts from his letters. Companion to the Botanical Magazine 2 :79-182. 1836. Contains many notes and references to northwestern plants by Douglas. This paper is reprinted in volume 5 of the Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society. Catalogue of Mr. Geyer’s collection of plants gathered in the upper Missouri, the Oregon Territory, and the intervening portion of the Rocky Mountains. London Journal of Botany 6: 65-79, 206-256. 1847. Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany 3: 287-300. 1851; 5: 257-265. 1853; 7%: 371-378. 1855, 8: 16-19. 1856. and Arnott, G. A. Walker. The botany of Captain Beechey’s vovage to the Pacific and Bering Strait in the years 1825-1828. London, 1830-41. In the supplement are described numerous plants collected by Douglas and by Tolmie The *‘Snake Country” specimens were gathered in the summer of 1837 by a friend of Mr Tolmie, who conducted a party from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia to the rendezvous of the American trappers in the interior of California, i. e., southern Idaho. Howell, Thomas. Catalogue ot the flora of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. 1884. Contains a list of spermatophytes, pteridophytes, and mosses. A supplementary list from Klickitat County, Wash., by W. N. Suksdorf, is added. Yatalogue of the known plants (Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta) of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. 1887. Fiora of Northwestern America. 1903. Contains descriptions of all the plants reported from Oregon, Washington, and Idaho Incidentally many plants are stated to range into Washington, in case of which there 1s no definite knowledge of such occurrence. Leiberg, Jonn B- Two new plants trom the northwest coast. Proceedings Biolog- ical Society of Washington 11. 39-41. 1897. Describes Sambucus levosperma and Delphinium riridescens. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 617 Meehan, Thomas. The plants of Lewis and Clark’s expedition across the Conti- nent, 1804-1806. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 1898: 12-49. 1898. A list of the Lewis and Clark plants in the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, mostly identified by Robinson and Greenman. Nuttall, Thomas. A catalogue of a collection of plants made chiefly in the valleys of the Rocky Mountains or Northern Andes, toward the sources of the Colum- bia River, by Mr. Nathaniel B. Wyeth, and described by T. Nuttall. Read February 18, 1834. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 7:1-60. 1834. “This collection was made wholly on the returning route of Mr. Wyeth from the Falls of the Columbia to the first navigable waters of the Missouri.”’ Piper, C. V. New and noteworthy Washington plants. Botanical Gazette 22:488— 491. 1896. An undescribed black-cap raspberry. Erythea 5:103. 1897. Describes Rubus hesperius. ___— New species of Washington plants. Erythea 6: 29-32. 1898. A new violet from Washington. Erythea 6:69. 1898. Describes Viola flettii. New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Erythea 7:99-104, 159-163, 171-174. 1899. __-—_ New and noteworthy Northwestern plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanica] Club 27:392-401. 1900; 28:39-45. 1901; 29: 221-226, 642-646. 1902. The flora of Mount Rainier. Mazama 2:93-117. 1901. A list of all the flowering plants known to occur on Mount Rainier. and Beattie, R. K. The flora of the Palouse region. 1901. Contains descriptions of all the flowering plants known to grow wild within 20 miles of Pullman, Wash. Plummer, Fred G. Mount Rainier Forest Reserve. Twenty-first Annual Report, U. S. Geological Survey, pt. 5. 81-144. 1900. Contains notes on the distribution of the native trees; also a list of shrubs. Robinson, B. L. Two new plants from the Cascade Mountains. Botanical Gazette 16:43-44. 1891. Describes and figures Luina piperi and Silene suksdoryit. Seribner, F. L. A list of grasses from Washington Territory. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 10: 63-66, 77-78. 1879. Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Flora Washingtonensis. A catalogue of the Phaenogamia and Pteridophyta of the State of Washington. 1892. Publshed by the author. and Howell, Thomas. The flora of Mount Adams. Mazama 1: 68-97. 1896. A list of all the flowering plants known from this peak. Die Plectrideen. Deutsche Botanische Monatsschrift 15:116-118, 144-145. 1897. Washingtonische Pflanzen. Deutsche Botamsche Monatsschrift 16:209- 212, 220-222, 1898; 18: 26-27, 86-88, 97-99, 182-134, 153-156. 1900; 19:91-93. 1901. Washingtonische Pflanzen I] Ailgemeine Botanische Zeitschrift 12:5-7, 26-27, 42,43. 1906. Two series of papers describing many new Washington plants Zwei neue einjahrige Epilobium-Arten. West American Scientist 11: 77-78. 1901. Deseribes Epilobium apricum and EF. faseiculatum. 618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Suksdorf, Wilhelm N. Eine neue Brodiaea-Art. West American Scientist 14:1. 1902. Describes Brodiaea bicolor. Ueber einige Nemophila-Arten. West American Scientist 14: 22-23. 1903. Describes Nemophila minutiflora, M. reticulata, and M. erosa. Neue Pflanzen aus Washington. West American Scientist 15:58-61. 1906, Proposes new species and subspecies. Torrey, John. Phanerogamia of Pacific North America. U. 8. Exploring Expedi- tion under the command of Chas. Wilkes, vol. 17, 1874. One of the most important contributions to the knowledge of the Washington flora. It is usually referred to as the Botany of the Wilkes Expedition. Tweedy, Frank. Notes on the Coniferae of Washington Territory. Bulletin Tor- rey Botanical Club 14: 47-48. 1883. Wiegand, Karl M. Some rare Washington plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 24: 343-344. 1897; 25: 208-209. 1898. Some new species from Washington. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club 26: 135-137. 1899. GEOGRAPHIC INDEX. Locality. County. Adams, Mount.........-.------ Yakima | Ainsworth..........---------- Franklin Alkali Lake..........---------- Douglas Alki Point...........-------.----- King Alma........--..------------ Okanogan Almota ........---.---------- Whitman American Lake.....-.----------- Pierce Ashford. .......-...--.---------- Pierce Asotin.......-..-.-------------- Asotin Atanum River ........---.----- Yakima Badger, Mount..........-. 0-222. Douglas Baker, Mount.......--.-.---- Whatcom Baldy, Mount......--.-- Peak in Kittitas Baldy, Mount...Local name for Mount Carlton Baldy, Mount.......A peak in Chehalis Beaver Creek ......-.-------- Okanogan Billingham Bay ......--.------ Whatcom Bickleton......--------------- Klickitat Big Creek Prairie..........---- Chehalis Big Meadows...Ten miles SW. of Box Canyon Bingen ........2-...-2--------- Klickitat Bishops Bar..... Snake River, Whitman Blue Lake .....-.---.-.--------- Douglas Blue Mountains...Columbia, Garfield, and Asotin 3olles ..2 2222. eee eee eee ee Columbia Boundary .....-.--------------- Stevens Box Canyon...Stevens, on Pend Oreille River Brewster ....-.-.-.-.---------- Douglas Bridge Creek... Fork of Stehekin River, Okanogan Jalispell Lake....-. .----.------ Stevens Cape Horn... Post-office and high cliff in Skamania Carleton, Mount.........-.---- Spokane Castle Rock............-------- Cowlitz Chapaca, Mount ...-...-.----- Okanogan Charleston .......- .----------- Kitsap Chattaroy ........-.---------- Spokane | Chelan ....--.-------------+---- Chelan | Chelan Butte Locality. County. Chelan Lake.........----------- Chelan | Chenowith.......--.--------- Skamania Chewelah..........------------ Stevens | Chiquash Mountains......-.-- Skamania Clarkston. ......---.------------ Asotin Clarks Springs......------ Near Spokane Clallam, town and lake......--- Kittitas Cleman Mountain..........-..-- Yakima Clemens Mountain ...-. Same as Cleman Cleveland .......-.-.--------- Klickitat Cold Creek .......------------- Yakima Colockum Creek.....-.----.----- Kittitas Colton ..........------------- Whitman Colville......-....------------- Stevens Colville Reservation. ..--- Okanogan and Ferry Conconully........--.------- Okanogan Condon’s Ferry. -..On the Columbia, Lin- coln Connell _.........---.----------/ Adams Constance, Mount....-.---.--- Jefferson Constitution, Mount ..-...---- San Juan Copolis ......2.-+-------------- Chehalis Coppei Creek ......-.-------- Columbia Coulee City....-.-------------- Douglas Cow Creek ......--.------------ Adams Crab Creek ....---------------- Lincoln Craig’s Ferry ...--------------- Yakima Crater Lake.....--- Near Mount Rainier Jrescent Lake.......--.--------- Clallam Cushman Lake ......------------ Mason Davis Lake.......-.------------ Stevens Davis Ranch....Foot of Mount Carlton, Spokane Dayton ........-------------- Columbia Delight .............--.-------- Adams Douglas City........----2------ Douglas Duckabush River .....--.----- Jefferson Easton ......---.-----------eee Yakima Eatonville .......------....-.--- Pierce Egbert Springs. .. Near Trinidad, Douglas Ellensburg. .-.-.-.-.----------- Kittitas Eltopia. ....-...-------------- Franklin | Etwha River.........-.-.------ Clallam 620 Gulf of Georgia ....Northern part Puget Locality. County. _Endicott ...........----....-- Whitman Entiat River.................0-. Chelan Enumclaw ........-...--.-.------ King Ephrata ..............--..----. Douglas Kureka..........-.-------- Walla Walla | Everett. ............2..2--.- Snohomish Everson ......-.--------2---- Whatcom Fairhaven ......2.22.-------- Whatcom Faleon Valley ......-- Western Klickitat Fish Lake. ...22 2222.22 eee. Kittitas Fort Okanogan.........-.-.-- Okanogan Fort Simcoe ......0 2222 eee Yakima Fort Vancouver ..... Same as Vancouver Fort Walla Walla ......2.-..--- Wallula Frontier ...........2.2.--....---- Ferry Fourth Plain. ...2.2.2.2.222--22.-.. Clark Garrison ..............-....--- Whitman Gate City ......2.2.2..... .... Thurston | Glenwood ........-...-------- Klickitat Goldendale ...........2.------ Klickitat Granddalles ..........-.-----. Klickitat Granville ......22222.22220.... Chehalis Grays Harbor................. Chehalis | Green River Hot Springs.........- King CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. Locality. County. Kellys Bar... ..............-- Whitman Kennemick.........-.-....-.-. Yakima Kettetas Valley ........ Same as Kittitas Kettle Falls.................-.. Stevens Kichelas ............ Same as Keechelus Kiona...........-------------- Yakima Klickitat River ...........-.-. Klickitat Kittitas Valley...Yakima River, Kittitas Laidlaw ........-.-2.----..--- Chehalis Lake Park ........2222...2....... Pierce Lakeview .....-...-.-..2222.2.-. Pierce Lebam _..2.. 2. .2. 2... eee eee Pacific Liliwaup -........2....2222..2-- Mason Little Baldy..... 5 miles NE. of Spokane Longmier Springs. .......- seeeeee Pierce Loomis. ..............-..---- Okanogan _ Loon Lake..-..222....222.-.---. Stevens Lopez Island ...............-- San Juan Lower Cascades -.....-..-.--- Skamania Lyle .......2-.222--2.------2-- Klickitat Mabton __...2. 2.2222. Yakima Major Creek... ... De eeee ee eeee Klickitat Manor......-............2.-..-.- Clark | Marcus -...-.2...220...2.--2--. Stevens Marshall Junction ...........-. Spokane Mashel Lake and River -..._..._. Pierce Maxfield. ......22222..2......---..-..- MecAllister’s Lake.......2...-- Thurston Medical Lake ...............-- Spokane Sound, north of San Juan Guy ...--22 22.2 e ee ee eee eee Whitman Hangman Creek..........-...- Spokane Harmony -.----............---.- Lewis Harrington ..........22...2..2. Lincoln Haven’s Ranch....Near Mount Adams, Yakima Hell Roaring River.......- Western part Yakima Hoodsport ........-22.222..--.-- Mason Horseshoe Basin-..--.. Subalpine Valley, Chelan Hoquiam -.........2...-2..--- Chehalis | Humptulips............2222.-- Chehalis Hunt’s Junction. .......... Walla Walla Illia 222... Garfield Ilwaco ..----2.2.22222222222-2-- Pacific lone......22222220222 222 eee eee Stevens Johnsons Canyon ...........--- Yakima Johns Island ....22222222..2.. San Juan Kahlotus ......02222222222022. Franklin Kalama........22..222222222-- Cowlitz Kalispel Lake......... Same as Calispell Kamiak Butte...........2...- Whitman Menzies Island...Now known as Hay- dens Island, in Co- lumbia River above mouth of Willa- mette Meyers Falls...................Stevens Mili Plain ......222222222220000.. Clark Monte Cristo ...2..2.22..2... Snohomish Montesano.............-2..2--. Chehalis Morgan’s Ferry...On Yakima River, Yakima Moses Lake_.....-.-.--2.-..2.. Douglas Moss Creek .-..-...-..---. Klickitat (?) Moxee ..............---------- Yakima Muckleshoot .-...........-------- King Nahcotta -....2.-222-2222222202. Pacific Nason City.......2............. Chelan Nisqually River...Boundary between | Pierce and Thurs- ton New London........---.....-. Chehalis Newport......---...-.-----..2. Stevens | Keechelus Lake..---..-2..2--.. Kittitas | North Yakima......-.......... Yakima GEOGRAPHIC INDEX. 621 Locality. County. Locality. County. Nooksack River........------ Whatcom | Shoalwater Bay ........------.-- Pacific Ocosta..........-------------- Chehalis | Silver Lake......-.......------ Spokane Olympia ....-.--------------- Thurston | Silverton ..............--.-- Snohomish Omach Lake....-.-..-.------ Okanogan | Simcoe Mountains.............. Yakima Ophir .....-----------.------ Okanogan | Skagit Pass...... Summit Cascade Moun- Opposite Clarkston...Bluffs of Snake tains, head of Skagit River, Whitman River Opposite Umatilla... .- Crimea, Klickitat Opposite Willows. ..PineCreek, Klickitat | Orcas Island......-..--------- San Juan | Oyhut ........---.--.--------- Chehalis | Paddo, Mount...Indian name for Mount Adams Palouse ........-...---------- Whitman Parker ........---------------- Yakima | Parrotts .......---.------------ Lincoln Pasco ....-------------------- Franklin Pataha.........--------------- Garfield | Peone ......-.---------------- Spokane Perkins Creek ...---..--------- Yakima Peshastin ......---------------- Chelan | Pine City ......-------------- Whitman | Pomeroy ......---------------- Garfield | Port Angelus........----------- Clallam Port Crescent ......------------ Clallam | Port Discovery.......--------- Jefferson | Port Ludlow........-.-------- Jefferson | Prosser..........--.----------- Yakima | Pullman ............-....---- Whitman Puyallup......-..----.----.----- Pierce Quinault.......2.-.----.--.--- Chehalis Quillayute..........--..------- Clallam Rainbow Falls.....--.---------- Chelan Rainier ........--.-----.----- Thurston Rainier, Mount ......- Pierce and Lewis Rattlesnake Mountains .....-.-- Yakima Renton .....--.------------------ King Republie ........-.-------------- Ferry Ritzville .....------ ----------- Adams Rock Creek ......-.---------- Whitman Rockford ....----------------- Spokane Rock Lake .........-..--.---- Whitman Rockland .......------------- Klickitat Roslyn........---------------- Kittitas | Roy ..-------------------------- Pierce Salmoy River.......--- Blue Mountains, Columbia Samish Lake ...........2-.------ Skagit | San Juan Island .......-.-.--. San Juan Satus.............-.----.------ Yakima Scott ..........--.--.--------- Klickitat Sentinel Bluffs ....7............ Kittitas Skokomish Valley. ..Between LakeCush- man and Hood’s Canal Snipes Mountain.........---.-- Yakima Snoqualmie Falls .....-...-.----.- King South Arbor .........--------- Chehalis Southbend.....-.-..---.-------- Pacific Spanaway Lake.........-.--.----- Pierce Spangle...-.....-------------- Spokane | Sprague ....-.----------------- Lincoln Squaw Creek ..........-.------ Yakima Stampede Pass...That in Cascade Moun- tains crossed by N. P. R. R. Starbuck .......2...--.------- Columbia Steamboat Rock ....High rock in Grand Coulee, 15 miles N. of Coulee City Steele, Mount...... Peak 7,500 feet, near head of Skokomish River, Mason Stehekin....-.- Town and river, head of Lake Chelan, Chelan Steilacoom _...-...........22220 Pierce St. Johns ....-.-.-.-.-..----- Whitman Steptoe ............---------- Whitman Stevens Pass... -.. In Cascade Mountains, crossed by G. N. R. R. Stuart, Mount......--- (eee ee eeee Kittitas Sunnyside ....-..-...-.-------- Yakima Sutherland Lake . .........-.-- Clallam | Tampico ........------+-------- Yakima Thorn Creek.......-.-.------ W hitman Tieton River............-...--. Yakima Toppenish.........-.---------- Yakima | Trout Lake .......-.--------- Skamania Tukanon River.......-------- Columbia Tumtum, Mount ...............- Clarke Tumtum, Mount....Near Mount Rainier Tumwater Canyon...On Wenache River, below Leavenworth Twisp River .........-.------ Okanogan Union City...........----.------ Mason Union Flat.....-.------------ Whitman Union Lake ...................... King 622 Locality. County. Umtanum .........2..22..---.- Kittitas | Upper Cascades ............-. Skamania Upper Naches River... Branch of Yakima River, Yakima Usk . 2... eee eee eee. Stevens Vancouver.............-.------- Clarke | Waitsburg .......2.....-.---. Columbia Walla Walla................ Wallawalla Wallula ....,....-....------ Wallawalla | Washington Lake..............-.- King Washtucna...........2.......-- Adams Waterville. ...............----- Douglas Waverly .......-2.-....-------- Spokane | Wawawai........-222-2022--. Whitman | Wenas.....-- Town and river in Yakima | Wenas Creek__-A branch of the Yakima River in Yakima CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARII™. Locality. County. Wenache Mountains. . Ridge of mountains forming divide between Chelan and Kittitas Wenache River...Important stream in Chelan Westport .....-..----.-------- Chehalis Whidby Island............2.-.-- ‘Island White Bluff Ferry. ..Columbia River be- low Lake Chelan White Salmon......222222 222. Klickitat Wilbur -....2. 2222.2 22 eee. Lincoln Wilson Creek.........----.-.-- Douglas Woodlawn ..........----.---- Thurston Yakima City...........-..----- Yakima Yelm Prairie ...........-.-.-- Thurston INDEX. (Synonyms are in italics. The principal account of the species of any genus will be found on the page or pages following the genus name. The few species names entered in the index are followed by only secondary references.) Page. Page Abies... ...022200200 020000022222 93 Alpine fir....-22.2..22220.0202.0002220 222200. 93 amabilis........0... cece eee cece ee eee eee 12,58 meadows.............--2.- 20022000000. 33, 35 grandis................2....2222.-2---.- 42,58 | Alsike clover.....................-...-----.. 361 lasiocarpa...........2..2..2.2-2.222--0-- 60 | Alsine.. 2.2... 0.0022 e ee eee 257-259 nobilis... ..22....222...20-20.202222200-2- 12 | Alyssum..............2.... ceeeeee weheeeeece 287 Abronia...... 2.20... 002.0..2 20020222 eee eee 244 | Amabilis fir...........020000.0200..0.020.....-- 93 latifolia... 22.22.2222 eee 47 | Amaranth family.............22...22.....-- 244 umbellata.......2..2....2..2...22..22-- 47 | Amaranthaceae...............02...0.2.2....-- 244 ACOL. Lee eee eee eee 385 | Amaranthus............2..2..02.0--0.-00--- 244 macrophyllum...........-2-.....-.-.... 42 |; Ambrosia....................22.2-20-22-0--- 551 ACOTACOAC. 2.2... ec eee eee eee eee 385 | Ambrosiaceae................--.--------- 590-552 Achillea. ...22....020200000022000 0222s 584 | Amelanchier........2..2.020.00020.0..0......- 345 millefolium..........2.....0.0222.02000... 58 cusickii.. 22.2.2... 200202 49 Achlys.......22..2.2-2.2200 200200022 cece cece 283 | Ammannia.................2.-2022-2000200- 398 Acomastylis 00.00.0222. 0002 eee eee ee 344 | Ammodenia...............-....2----------- 260 Aconite.............220.2. 00222 eee eee 282 | Amsinckia.............20.22....02-2.--02-- 480 Aconitum..........2.22...00.02.00.02220000-0. 282 | Amygdalaceae.........220.0.0002.0.222.2--- 348 Actaea... 2... cece cece eee cece eee 278 | Anacardiaceae..........2....22.00.20.0002-- 383 Adams, Mount, botanical collection. ......- 19 | Anmacharis.............0.20.200.2..0-22-2--.- 101 Adder’s tongue..................222222. 49, 83,192 | Anaphalis........0002.000000.0200 2.222202. 606 Adenocaulon................-222..-0------- 607 margaritacea revoluta.................. 614 Adenostegia.................2.222222222...- 518 | Ancestry, relation to distribution of plants. 33 Adiantum........................ eeeeeee eee 78 | Anemone.................- cece cece eee cece 267 Agastache............. weet ween cece etenccee 489 | Angelica...........22022.2--2---22---0----- 2 418 Agoseris...........-222..-2-222.220-2-2-2-- 541-545 hendersoni....................... ceeeeee 47 Agrimonia.........22.002.002..00200...02... 335 | Anogra..... cee ce eee eee eee eee eee eee 407 Agropyron..........-.2........2-22....-. 146-149 | Antelope brush .................2--.-..--- 36, 345 spicatum.........2....2-2...22202.00... 48 | Antennaria...........20.0.000....0-00-- .- 601-606 Agrostemma....................0222-0222-- 256 rhodantha........22.....-22...2-........ 614 Agrostideae.........002...00000..222220---- 102 | Anthemis....................-....----.-.--- 585 Agrostis. ......22....2.000.0.0002.00.2222-- 118-121 | Anthoxanthum............................. 106 TOSSAC... 22. eee eee eee eee 62 | Aphyllon.... 20.2.0... c eee cee eee eee eee O21 0 121 arenosuMm...........-.....2-22220--00 614 Aizoaceae.. 2.2... eee eee 245 COMOSUM . 2... eee eee eee 44 Alaska cedar...... 2020000020002. 2 2 eee 91 inundatum........-...... Dee e ec eeee 614 heather.......202 2 oo. e eee 489 | Apiaceae... 2.22... 2 0220. e eee eee eee ee 413-431 Alchemilla..........0...2220.0.02..2200-0--. 335 | Aplopappus...... 2.0.00. 002. e cee ee eee ee 559, 560 Alder... 2.2.0... 22220000020 219 | Apocynaceae.... 2.2.2.2... eee eee eee 452 red. -.........020..22020000- weet eter eens 42,219 | Apocynum.............2.2....00.-0220000200- 452 Alfalfa. ......00000000000000.0.2002022 22 eee 363 | Apple family................0.2.2.2.2..-- 345-347 Alfilaria....-.-.. 002020020022 e eee cee e eee 380 | Aquilegia. 22.000... 0. 00. c eee ee cece eee 278 Aligera.. 2.0.2.2 ccc cece eee eeeee 533 formosa.....-- 22. -22 22222 ; 58 . macroptera obtusa... ..... Tone essen es 614 Arabis. 22.000. eee 291-295 Alisma.. 22.2.2... 20202020. eee eee eee 100 Araceae 177 Alismaceae..... 2.222020. 2c eee eee eae OO | nes eee seen ee eens . Allen, O. D.. botanical collection........... 19 Aragallus Toe sre se ees eens 367 AMUN eee eee tee cece eee 187-189 | Atala. ...-..- cores esos es ees ae al2 ANMOCATYA.. 2 oo ooo eee cee ee eee ccccccee. 485 Araliaceae.......2...... ee cee e eee ee ee cee . 412 chorisiana... 22.2.2... ccecee cee ceceee 44 | Arbutus. .........002.2....0-...24.. bees . 437 Allotropa..... 0... 220. eccececcececcece eee 435 | Arceuthobium.............2.22.202222000-- .- 222 Almond family... ......2.......22.2202-0-- 348 | Arctic life zone, altitudinal limits.......... 36 AINUS. Loe eee eee eee eee 219 character... 20.222... 2. eee eee 34 Alopecurus..... 2.2.22. eee cece eee eceeeeceee 110 flora... ee. ee eee eee ee eee 62-65 624 INDEX. Page Page. Arctic life zone, species in Cascades, etc.... 37 | Bergia..........2-.. 22-2 e eee e eee eee eee eee 391 Arctic-Alpine species, distribution. ....-.--- 63-65 | Bermuda grass......-.....------+--+0---0+° 146 Arctium. ...--.-.-..- 02 eee cence eee eee eee 611 | Berula..............-22-- 20 e eee eee eee eee eee 428 Arctostaphylos.....-....---...+++-++++----- 437 | Betula...............2-. 2-22 eee eee eee eee ee 218 Arenaria..........---000--e- eee eee eee eee 260-263 glandulosa............--+---e--e--ee reese 46 Argentina......-.-..-------0 6. esse eee eee 341 microphylla. ......-.--...-22e+e- eee eee 49 Arid Transition area...........--- 31,35,36,47-51 | Betulaceae............---.2--eeeee seen eee 218-220 flora... 2.2 ee eee eee ee eee eee eee 51-53 | Bibliography. .......-.-...-------+--------- 615 Aristida........-..----------- Qe wee e ee eeeene 107 | Bidens...............-2-----20e eee ener eee 578 Aristolochiaceae. -..... Leen cece ce eeeeeeeees 223 | Bigelovia........-....2--2-+0-- eee eee eee eee 558 Arnica........02--00--- 2-202 eee eee eens 590-593 | Bikukulla................-.2-.--2----22----2-2- 284 Arrhenatherum.........-.-..-------++-+--++- 121 | Bindweed..............--.---2000-e ee eee eee 228 Arrowhead... ....--------0---2eee eee eee eee 101 | Binns, F., botanical work in Washington 18 Artemisia. ..............-.------- 02 eee eee 586-590 | Birch................-.--------e eee eee ee eee 49, 218 tridentata. ......----....0-.--e eee eee eee 36 dwarft.......-.2.2----0--20005+ feces eee 46 rigida......... 02-22-22 -ee eee eect eee 49 family.........-------2-2--2- ee eee eee 218-220 Arum family ........---..0---+--e2eee reer 177 | Birthwort family..........-..-------------- 223 ATUNCUS......-.-.---- 20 eee eee eee eee eens 332 | Bitter cress. .............. 2020s ee eee eee eee 303 AS@TUM.........202 2s eee ee ee eee eee e nets 223 | Bitterroot.........-.....-----0-22- eee eee eee 49, 246 caudatum......-..---0.- eee eee ee ee eee 71 | Bittersweet..............0.--.-0------ eee eee 520 Asclepiadaceae......-.-.--------+-2+0-22++- 453 | Black hemlock...........----------+-++++-+- 94 Asclepias.....------.-2+-eeee eee eeee erect 453 mustard... ..........--22--e-ee eee eee eee 301 Ash, mountain. ..........-.-..--.-00-e22 eee 347 pine.........2 2.2.2.2 ee eee eee eee eee 46 Ash. Oregon. .....-----.----2-0ee eee cree 449 sage, distribution..............-.------- 36 western mountain. ....-.-...----------- 60 sunflower. .......-..--------------¢2++5 49 Asparagus. ......---.-.0--02- ee eee eee eee 202 | Blackberry, evergreen.......--....--------- 334 7.) 012) | eee 49,217 | Blackeap.....-...-.-------- eee eee eee eee eee 334 ASpeTugo.... 2... ..0206 0-6-2 ee ee eee ee ert 476 | Bladder fern.........-..--------.----0-2+-+- 82 Aspidium ......-.2.. 2222200002220 e erect 80,81 | Bladderwort..............--.-2------e- ee eee 523 Asplenium.........-----.-----+e+22e2eeee eres 80 | Blepharipappus..........-...-------+------ 578 Aster... 22... cece eee eee eee eee eee tenes 570-575 | Blessed thistle.........--...-.-------+-+--+-- 609 conspicuus..........-------+-+2+255ee 55+ 44 | Blite. 2.22... 02222. eee eee eee eee eee 243 family. ...-..-------- 0. eee eee eee eee 552-611 | Blitum..............0222.2.. 222-22 eee eee 243 Asteraceae........----------2 eee eee reer eee 552-611 | Blue bunchgrass.......-.......--2.+++-++++-- 138 Astragalus... 2... ccc eee cece eens 368 | Blue Mountains, botanical features, etc. 70,71, 72 Athyrium. 2.22. ...... 20-2 eee eee eee eee eee 80 botanical collections by Douglas. ...... 13 Athysanus..........-------.- eee ee eee eee eee 306 location and character.......-.--------- 26 Atriplex......-.--... ween cece eeeeceeeeerecee 241 | Bluebell family ...........-.--....---+--- 535-537 Audibertta. 2.02. ..0c0c cece cece eee eee tees 488 | Blueberry.......--.....------------+-- 49, 442-444 AVO@NA. 2. oe cece ee eee ee ee eee eee eee tenes 123 family .....--.....-2-2--.2-2--05-2-2--- 442-444 Aveneae.......------ 22s eee ee ee eee eee eter 103 | Blue-eyed grass.........------.---2--2+e 2002+ 203 Azalea. ...... 2... eee eee eee eee ee eee eee: 60 | Bluegrass..........-------+-+---+e+e2ee2-- 128-135 0.6) |: 84 | Bluestem............-----.-2---2 ee eee eee eee 148 Bogs, sphagnum...........---------+-++--+- 46 Baeria gracilis. ..........-.-------+--+------ 44 | Boisduvalia.......-.......-------------++-- 410 Balm.... 20.0.0 0020-020 - eee eee eee eee eee eee 493 | Bolandra..........-------22-2e2eee eee rere 310 Balsam family........ --.-..-------+--+-2+- 386 oregana......-. 2-22-2222 eee eee eee 67 Balsaminaceae. (See Impatientaceae.) Bolelia..........----------- ee eee eee eee eee eee 537 Balsamorhiza... .....-..-- 0 -------2e0-- eee 580 | Bouteloua.............---------------+-++-- 154 sagittata.........-....- cece eee cece ee eee 48 | Borage family.......--..---.-------+----- 472-486 Baneberry ........-.-.------+--2+2 eee eee eeee 278 | Boraginaceae..........---....2-+-+2- 22 472-486 Barbared. .. .......-2--0---2e eee ee ee eee eee 303 | Boschniakia.........--.-....-.---+----0005- 522 Barberry family ............---.--------- 282-283 | Botanical explorations in Ww ashington..... 10-20 Barley wall.....---....0---------+--+ee-e-- 149 | Botrychium..........--.....---2-++-+----+5- 83 Wild. 0 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 149 | Bottom lands, Western Washington....... 42 Barnyard grass............--------+++---+-+- 105 | Bracken.................-----2- 222s eee eee 41,78 Batrachium ...........-....2---2-+-+----6-- 270 | Brackenridge, W. D. , explorations we eeeeeee 15 Bean family. ...-... --.----.-------2--2+- 349-378 | Brandegee, T. S., botanical collection ...... 18 Bear grass... ..-...------------0+e0- seer eee 60 | Brasenia..............-....--222--e 02 2- ee eee 264 Beattie R K. botanical work..........--- 19 | Brassica.... ..-..-..-.2--22-0-22-2+ 2-22 e eee 301 Beckmannia. ......--..-----------2----e0e-- 145 | Brassicaceae........-.-....---- sec ee eee 285-307 Beech family.....---....---------0---- eee 220 | Brickellia...........----..2.2---2+-----+++-- 556 fern...2.. 2. eee eee ee eee eee eee 77 | Britton. N. L...........---------------- +e 6 Beggar ticks. ...........------------+-+--+++- 578 | Brodiaea.........-.---.-+-+--+2e0---2 2-222 189 Berberidaceae...............-.-----+---+- 282-283 | Brome grass...........---------0--2+2+0-= 141-145 Berberis...........-.....2220022- ee ee erence 982 | Bromus..............2---22 eee eee e eee eee 141-145 NOTVOSO.... 2... eee eee ee eee eee eee eeee 41 | Broomrape family..........-------------+ 521-522 INDEX. 625 Page Page. Brown, Stewardson.............. weeeeeeeee 6 | Carex macrocephala ................22....-- 47 Bryanthus ..2......2.02.020 00000022 v eee eee 439 | Carpet weed............0..02.002-.02-2-2--- 245 Buckbean..................... Lovee eeceeeaee 452 | Carrot, wild.........................------- 415 Bueckbrush.........22....22.......2...02-. 50,387 | Carum..............2.... 202222022 e eee eee eee 426 Buckthorn family....-..........--.....-- 386-388 gairdneri, value and name.............. 14 Buckwheat family............-. Lecce ee eee 224-239 | Caryophyllaceae. (See Silenaceae. ) Buffalo berry .. 2.22.22... 20.20.0020 2 22 eee ee 397 | Cascade Mountains, physiographic and geo- Bugseed.............2....--2.-2------0-0---- 241 logic features..........0..22..022..222-2.. 22-23 Bull pine... 2.22.22. eee 92 flora... 2.222220 lee eee eee eee 72 thistle... 2.2.2.0... eee eee eee eee eee 609-611 | Cascades, northern, plant species also in Bunchgrass, bunchgrass prairies .......... 48 Blue Mountains.........2.....2.....-..-. 70 Bunch-flower family ...................-.- 195-198 | Cascara sagrada.....-.......2..22.2...-.2-. 386 Bur clover...........-..2..22..-20022---0--- 363 | Cashew family.............2.....0-0-...-0--- 383 reed... 2.222.202 222 ee eee 95 | Cassiope.............-.....-222222022222---- 438 Burdock... .....0.....-2...02-- 20-20 ee eee eee 611 mertensiana............-....-2...------ 62 Bursa......... 2.22... 0-22 220 e cece cece eee eeee 303 | Castanopsis . ................-2....0-2.------ 220 Butter-and-eggs...........2020....0.2.2222-.. 495 | Castilleja .........000000.0..0.02..20--202-- 513-516 Buttercup..........-2.2-2-.--2--.------- 62, 270-277 angustifolia.......2.22..222...022....--- 58 family... ..2..2222222.22222..--------- 265-282 subspecies .. 22... .........02-..2.6-- 515 Buttle, John, botanical collection.......... 17 Mminiata.......2..2...2.0.20220 22 eee eee 58 oreopola..........2-2..2.2222002--22---- 62 Cabbage, deer.......22......-.-...-2-...2.- 452 | Catchfly. 2.22... eee 252-255 Cacaliopsis............0......20.-22--22002- 594 | Catnip. ......2 0.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 489 nardosmia........2-2..-22.0..222-200eee 69 | Cat-tail.. 2.202... 95 glabrata... ...2..200..22...02.22.22.- 69 | Cauealis . 22.2... 416 Cactaceae...... 02.22.0022 eee eee eee eee 396 | Ceanothus...................-....0 2.2.2.2. 387 Cactus.........0.0...202 22 eee eee eee eee eee 397 sanguineus.............................. 50 Cactus family........2......0-..2-..2222...- 396 velutinus..........2.2..-.-222222022-.--- bl Calamagrostis........2.....222..2..--....- 114-118 | Cedar, Alaska ....2.. 200000000 eee eee 60, 91 aleutica..........---2-.22222..0002022.0-- 47 giant. 20.0... eee ee eee 71,91 anomala..........-.....22...2.2202----- 613 yellow ..............22222222000000ee0 eee 91 Calandrinia...........2....2.202....22022000- 247 | Celastraceae.......2.2..22-2.20022. 2222220. 384 California element, Arid Transition species. 51 | Celery family ..........22-2--.2--2...-2-.2.. 413-431 Upper Sonoran species...........-..... 88 | Celtis 2.20.2... 2.00222 eee eee eee eee 221 California, Upper, use of name............. 10 | Centaurea .. 2.2.2.2... .. 00222 608 Callitrichaceaec. .............2.-2..22.-22.02. 382 | Centaurion ........2.....-2...22--...-22202- 449 Callitriche.......2...220.2..-220.2022222000- 382 | Centunculus.............2.2.2.-2-2.2---0.55 447 Calochortus..................... deeeeeeee 193-195 | Cephalanthera..................2-...2..-2.- 206 Caltha.. 22.20.0022... 2222 e eee ee eee eee 277 | Cerastium ........2..0.-2--2222-22--2222---- 256 asarifolia... 2.22000 0000000000...022-..-- 47 | Ceratophyllaceae.............22..2..22....- 265 leptosepala............2222.2-00.22-000- 62 | Ceratophyllum ............2.2.2....2222...22.. 265 Calypso ..........-2222----221 2222+ weeeeeeee 207 | Cercocarpus ............. Wee eee e ec eeedee . 846 Camas.............22.--.0222-2. 200. weeeeee 190 | Ceropteris ................00..202.2020 000s 76 Camassia.........0...2222 00022 ee eee eee eee 191 | Chaenactis..........2.....2220.022222. 00200 583 Camelina.........2..2-.222222202...2..22.... 304 | Chaetochloa ......2.2.2.220000000 fee eee eee 106 Camp Chopunnish, botanical specimens.... 11 | Chamaecyparis....................2.2.----- 91 Campanula... 22.2... 222. eee eee eee 536 nootkatensis..........02.......2..202-.- 60 piperi.............22-....-2222..2220020- 66 | Chamisso’s shield fern....................-- 41 Campanulaceae.......0 22... 2202... eee eee 535-537 | Chamomile, garden....................----- 585 Campe.........-. 2.0.2 eee ee eee ee eee eee 303 | Chapman Ronald, botanical work ....----- 19 Canada bluegrass....................--22-0- 130 | Charlock............2-22..2202200-202 eee eee 301 thistle.. 2. 020 elle eee eee eee 609 | Cheat. ......0 222. eee eee eee eee eee 145 Canadian life zone.................... 35 36 58-59 | Cheilanthes........2.............-..-.------ 79 Canary 2rass ... 22.2.2... eee eee eee ee eee 106 | Chelone. ...................--2-- sweeeenceess 503 Canby herbarium Washington plants. .... 18 | Chenopodiaceae...........-....-2----20--- 239-244 Caper family......................22-.-2-.00. 307 | Chenopodium...................22-2..205.-- 242 Capnoides...... 2.2.22... -22.220-020-222-20-. 284 | Cherry wild. ........2..2.0 cee eee eee. ..... 348 Capnorea..........-2.-2--2-2-----222----- . 467 | Chickweed ......0..0. 00.0 222.2 eee eee eee 257-259 villosula.............02-2.00022200.022.. 49 | Chicory... 2.2.0.0... 0.002. 2c eee eee eee eee 538 Capparidaceae.................2222-.222---. 307 | Chicory family.............2222...222222-- 537-549 Caprifoliaceae............-2...-..-22...--- 528-532 | Chimaphila .......................2-..---6-- 432 Capriola... 2.22.22. .2 222222 ee ee eee 146 | Chinooks, description . ..........-..--.-.4 AL 32 Capsella.. 2.2.0... 22 eee eee eee eee 303 | Chlorideae ..... 2.2.2.0... 2. eee eee eee eee eee 104 Cardamine.. ..... beeen eee eee nee e eens 289-291 | Chokecherry..........2.....2-22.202-00202 ".. 348 Carduus... 2... eee eee eee eee eee 609 | Chorizanthe . ........-....220202.20- eee eens 239 Catex.. 2.00. eee ee ee eee ee eee eee 161-177 | Chrysanthemum..................- cece wees 585 eryptocarpa ............-22-.22222.260-- 47 | Chrysopsis.............2...2- cae ee cece cwwees 557 29418—06 mM 626 INDEX. Page. Page. Chrysosplenium ..........-...-----++++--++> 318 | Corn flower ......-....---------+-e+e eee eee 608 Chrysothamnus .........--.--------+---+++- 558 | Cornaceae . ........-.------+-+-++- eetee eee 431 MAUSCOSUS ...--......-- 5-2-2 eee eee 36 - Cornel, dwarf ............-------------+--+-- 58 viscidiflorus .............22220000000 2 36 western ........--2-.20- 22222 eee eee eee 42 Cichoriaceae.........---------+ +++ eee ee eee 537-049 | ComuS.......-...-- 2-2-6022 222 eee eee eee 431 Cichorium .........---..--------2-2--20 +e eee 538 | canadensis....-......---------------- 47,57, 58 Cieuta .. 22... .----.- eee eee eee eee ee 426 | occidentalis. ..........-.-2-.-----------5- 42 Cimicifuga ...........-.-.-- 22-02 e ee eee eee 278) Corydalis ..............2-2-020 22222 eee eee ee 284 Cinna. .......2.22- 22-0200 e eee eee eee eee 8 - Corylus.........-2..-2---222 +e eee eee eee eee 218 Cinquefoil ...............---------------+-+- 62 Cotton, John S., botanical work............ 19 Circaea ......2.-. 20-222 eee eee eee eters 399 | Cotton-grass . ........-.-.-------2------ 25+ 46, 158 Cladothamnus..........-..-------.-+--2---- 442 | Cottonwood ................------------ 42,49, 217 Clarkia .. 2.2... .0020.0.2 200 e cece eee eee AIL Cotula. ... 22... 2.000222 2 eee eee eee eee ees 586 Claytonia.............-.-.--.---+---2-2505- 248-251 | Coville, Frederick V .......--..-.----------- 6 Clematis.......--.--.---------2------+- +++ 266 | Cow cockle.......-..... 20-2220 e eee ee ee eee eee 256 Cleome. ........-.-.- 2-2-2022 222 eee eee eee 307 | parsnip. ...........-.------------e eee eee 417 Climate, remarks and tables. .........------ 26-28 | Crabapple... ........------2-------e eee 42,347 Clintonia .........2--2.--------.--2-20e 2-22 e- 199 | Crabgrass . ..........-.-----+------ eee e eee 104 Cloudiness, Weather Bureau statistics ..... 29 Craig Mountains, botanical collection by Clover .......2.00e0eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 358-363 | Douglas .............-22000e2 222 eee e eee 13 alsike.. 22... .22- 220 e eee eee eee eee eee 361 Cranberry, western....-.---.- Lecce eee ee eee 46, 444 bur. 2.22.2. - 2 eee eee eee eee eee 363 | Crassulaceae.........----2. 20-222 - eee eee 308-310 rabbit-foot ........-.-.----------- 22 e ee 36 | Crataegus . ......--------.---2-0-2---2 22-2 346 D6 361 brevispina. ..........----+-.--------+--- 49 sweet ......-2.. 222-22 eee eee eee 358 | Cress, bitter ...............----------------- 303 white . 2.2.22... 2.222.222 eee eee ee eee eee 361 Penny.......2-2- 22-2 e eee eee eee eee eee 305 Clubmoss......---..-----+-+-002+eeee2ee eee 86 TOCK . 2... eee eee eee eee ee ee eee 291-295 Cnicus ........-- 2-222 e ee eee eee eee eee 608 water. .......22-22 0220-2 296 Coastal Plain, physiography and geology 20 | Crepis. .........-2-2. 2-2-2 ee eee eee eee eee 545 vegetation. ..........-.-----.----+------ 46-47 | Crocidium ............--.--------------- 26 594 Cockle . .......2-22- 2222-2202 e eee eee eee 256 | Crowberry......-.-.---------2+----2 eee eee 383 COW . oo eee eee eee eee eee eee 256 family .......--..-.--022- 22202 e eee ee eee 383 Cocklebur........-----------2+-2e2e eee eee ee 550 | Crowfoot, water...........2.-2.------++-+-- 270 Coelopleurum...........------------+-+++- .. 4380 | Cruciferae. (See Brassicaceae.) gmelini............----.---------0--0+-- 47 Cryptanthe....-.....-.---22---+2+eeee eee 483-485 Coldenia. .........--2..----2-22 2-2 e eee eee 474 | Cryptogramma............-.------------++- 79 Collinsia ...........2.....-022.- eee eee eee eee 495 | Cucurbitaceae.........--...-22.22222----- 585-537 Collomia. ............---2.2-02-e eee ee eee 464-465 | Cupuliferae. (See Fagaceae.) Columbia Basin flora...........-..--..-- 38, 40, 52 | Currant........----.--2-22+ 22222 e ee eee eee 323-327 Columbia gorge, botanical features, etc . . .. 67 | family..... 2.2.0 .222.2. 2022-2 eee eee 323-327 Columbia Plains, physiographic and geo- fetid... 2.0.2... eee eee ee eee eee eee 42 logic features .......2.2...-2-2---0-2----5- 24) ~ golden. ...........2...0-0 2200-0222 e eee 326 Columbine...............--.--------------+-- 278 native. ..... 2.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 60 Coleanthus .............----2---2-----+-----+- 114 red flowering... ........-----+---+--+---- 326 Coleosanthus ..........-..--..--2-2---2+------ 556 red-flowered ...........2.222-202-0-- 02 42 Comandra .........-....-2--.-------20--205- 223 stink... 22.0.2 220 220.22 325 Comarum.........--..----2++2---- eee eee eee 341 | Cuscuta............-....--.2..----------2- 454-456 Compositae. (See Cichoriaceae, Ambfosia- Cuscutaceae........22...-.0---- 222 - eee eee 454-456 ceae, and Asteraceae.) Cymoplerus...........2-2. 00022-2022 e eee eee 429 Conanthus....... prec cee eee ee eee sete ee eeeeee 472 | Cynodon.........--...---- +++ +0220 eee eee 146 Conard, H.C., botanical work..........-.-- 19 | Cynoglossum.............2-..------++2+---+- 476 Cone flower. .........-.--2------2-+------5-- 579 | Cynomarathrum.......--....-------+-+--+- 417 Conijerae. (See Taxaceae and Pinaceae.) Cyperaceae........22-.2200-. 022-2 ee ee eee 154-177 Conioselinum ..........--..-+-----+0-++--2-- 419 Cyperus........--...-.- 2-5. - 22 eee eee eee eee 155 fischeri. ......-.....---0-- 22-02-2222 00 -- 47 | Cypripedium.......-.......-...------------ 205 Convallariaceae . ....-.....--.-..--------- 198-202 | Cystopteris...........2--2.- 2020022222 eee eee ®2 Convolvulaceae........-.....---.2.2--22---- 454 | Cytherea.............2.0-.-.--220 002 e eee eee 207 Convolivulus,. ........-..--2-. 2.00.22 - eee eee 454 Cooper, J G., plant collection ...........--- 17 | Dactylis.................--2-----------+---- 128 Coptis . 2.2.0.2... 0.22. e eee eee eee eee eee 278 | Daisy, oxeye............--.-.------+----+--- 585 oceidentalls. 2.0.2... 2... cee eee eee eee eee 71 | Dandelion..........-....2.2..---2-------25- 545 Coral root . 2.2.6... eee eee ee eee ee eee ee 206 5 | 541 Corallorhiza . 22.0.2... 20.22 eee eee eee eee 206 | Danthonia... ...........-2-2-2 2-0-2200 e ee ee eee 122 fermbachiana ..............-20.000-e00-- 613 | Dasiphora.. ...........--.- 202 eee eee eee eee 341 muitiflora sulphurea..... ..- eee e eens 613 | Datura... 2.2.2.6 cece eee eee eee 520 Coreopsis... 1.2. eee eee ee eee Lae e cece eeeee oF Daucus... 2.02.2. 0 020 eee eee ee eee ee eee eee 415 Corispermum.........2.. 0.222 e ee eee e ee eee eee 241, Death camas................-2-.2+---------- 198 INDEX. 627 Page. | Page. Deer cabbage... .........-222-22222.0200--.. 452 | ETeMOcarpus ... 2.222.022 .cc0e ec cee ee eeceee -- 382 fern. 22.2.2... eee eee 79 | Fricaceae...........22...002. 022 eee eee 436-442 Delphinum.....-....20.000000.20002.20--. 279-281 Ericameria.............0.02.202.2-0.2----- 559 Dentaria...2....2...0200.00000.2.00 020 .00222.. 288 | Erigeron........22...222...2220020..000222 | 563-569 Deschampsia....................0.22.0...-. 123 aureus... 2.22.2 eee 63 Devil’s club... . 2.200202. 2 eee eee 47,412 EFriocoma............. 00.2002 e 109 Dewberry...............2..202020220000---- 41,333 | Eriogonum..............2.2..0..2..2.-00- 233-238 Deyeuria... 2.22.0. eee 115 coryphaeum..........0.0...00.2.222..-- 63 Dicentra..... cee eee eee eee ee eee 284 | Eriophorum.....................2...----.-- 158 Digitalis. . 2.2.0... 0020 0000000002000 0 222. 519 russeolum.............002..0..2..-..... 46 Digitaria... 2.2... 104 | Eriophyllum..............0.22.2.0.........- 583 Diplopappus.............0.0.00.0020 022 eee 567 | Eritrichum......--.....2.00.020..2.222..-2-. 480 Dipsaceae........ 2.222202 2 222 . 4585 | Erodium..............020..0.0.. 002222222... 380 Dipsacus............22220.000020 00022202020 e. 535 | Eryngium.............2....2.0.0..0.2.2..--... 414 Disporum.............222.2.2.....-0-020-- 201 | Erysimum...............0...0.00...2.--2--- 299 Distichlis... 22.0220. 0 000002 135 | Erythraea........ 2.222020 0022s 449 spicata... 2.2.2.2... 222. 45 | Erythrocoma...... cee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 344 Distribution, zonal, of Washington plants. 33°) Erythronium...............0.2222-2........ 192 Dock........... wettest eee cece eeeneeee --... 224 grandiflorum..............2.....2....-- 49 yellow... 2.2002. 0 cee 225 | Eschscholzia..........2.02022..2-2.2.-...... 283 Dodder............2.22202000.0.0-02202. 45,454-456 | Eucephalus...........2...0.022.022202..0....-- 569 Dodecatheon........--....2....00220.022. 445-446 edophyllus... 2.00.0 2....02.0.002222002.. 66 jeffreyi.. 2.220200 0202 62 | Euonymus..............2202.0202.00.00000. 384 Dogwood... 22.2.2... 2.22222. 2 22 eee 431 | EKupatorium...........22..000.0.00.2.022-2. 555 family... 2.22.22 0 020020 431 | Euphorbia family. ............0..02...... 381-382 Dondia.............. 2.202222 eee ee eee 240 | Euphorbiaceae..............2202.02.00... 381-382 Douglas, explorations in Washington...... 12 Eurotia.............2.....-2..0--00- eee 241 Douglas spruce..............202222222200--- 94) Euthamia.........2..22000000002..222...... 563 Douglasia.........0002 0000000022022 2 eee. 447 | Evening primrose.............2.2.......... 407 Draba... 2.222.222. 287 family... 2.20... 0.220 0000.00 2 222 eee 398-411 Dracocephalum.....................2.--.--- 489 | I-xplorers, botanical, of Washington... .... 10-20 Drosera...... 2.2.2. .002 000000 307 rotundifolia............................ 46 | Fabaceae... .....2..02222.0. 22200222220... 349-378 Droseraceae..................-..-.--2 0... 307 | Fagaceae....... vee eee eee cece ee eee 220 Dryas... 0.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 343 | Fern, beech......... Beene eee eee eee i7 Drymoceallis............0200.0000.0200202... 342 bladder... -. 20-20... 2. ese eee eee, 82 Dryopteris...............0202.2.022220000.. 81 Weer... eee e eee eee eee 79 Duckweed family......................... 477 family... -- 2... 2220-222 eee cece eee eee 76-82 Dulichium.........22..0 0200.0.-20-2. 0 156 gold-back.-.-..- 0-20... eee eee eee 76 Dutchman’s breeches..................-.... 284 aed re 83 holly... 2.02.22. eee eee eee eee 80 Faton, A. Al... 2... eee eee 6 | 1 79 Eatonia.. 2.22.20 22 125 maiden-hair......2..2..02...222.2.22... 78 Echinopanax..............2.2.22..20-....-. 412 | male... 2... eee eee eee 82 horridum.........2.....2-2..02.0.0..... 42,47 | WOOd . 2... eee ee eee ee eee 81 Echinospermum.........0...-0200..---..--- 474 Fernald, M. Le... 2.2... eee bee eeee 6 Felgrass... 2.2.0.2... 002.000.00-..0--2.-. 99 Fescue.. 2.2.0 22222. 0000 e cence eee eceee cece 135-139 Elatine.........22...200002000020000 00.0202. 391 Festuca.....222...22-20.000220 00002 135-139 Elatinaceae......-20...2020200000.00220.2... 391 MYUPOS. 2.22... 613 Elder... 2.22.2... 002020000000 c cece eee eee 530 reflexa... 222.2222 2 22222 eee 44,613 red-berried.........2.2..2..2220.0.02.... 42 | viridula......2..22.0020022.2.02.2000.000002.. 62 Eleagnaceae..............22...0.222200..... 397 | Festuceae...... 22.22.22 22 ee eee 103 Eleocharis...-................. beeeeceeeee 159-160 | Feverfew. 2.2.22. 0 200 eee 585 Elm family..............002.2..00.0.2..-.... 221 | Figwort...........2020...0 .o eee eee. -- 495 Elmer, A. D. E., botanical work in Washing- Figwort family. ........0020...........0--- 494-519 LON... eee eee eee 19 Filices. (See Polypodiaceaeand Ophioglos- Elodea.............0..22--22.--2----. . 101 | saceae.) Elymus........0000.000222220e2 cece eee as 82 Empetraceae................220222.000.0... . 383) Fir, alpine... 2.2... 220.202 93 Empetrum....................... eee eeee . 883 | amabilis... 0 222.0... 222 eee eee eee ee eee 18, 93 Engelmann spruce...................... Lees 95 10) 0) (a 58, 92 Epilobium..............2..00.00220.022.... 399-405 0 41, 50, 58, 94 spicatum...... 222.222 2.22202020002 20. 41 subalpine. ......0 2.2.22... 0 2.2 eee eee 60 Epipactis..........2.22.2.2220.000000000000-. 211 white... 022.222.2222. 25 002 eee eee 42, 58, 94 Equisetaceae................. Lecce cece eee 84 Fireweed. 2.2.22... e cece cece eee eee 41,401 Equisetum..........0000 2c e eee eee .. 84 | Flathead River, collection of plants........ 14 Eragrostis................ 0220220222. e cece ee 126) Flax, common ............2.....202222 eee ee 380 62% INDEX. Page. | Page. Flax family .........------ 2-22 -e ee eee eee eee 380 | Glossopetalon.......-... 002-2222 eee cere eee 385 Flett, J B..... 2... eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 6 | Glyceria.....-..2-2-2-+ 22-200 e reece eee 139 Flett, J. B., botanical collection in Washing- | Glycyrrhiza. ...........------+--++-2- 2-2 364 10) 6 19 | Gnaphalium...........---------.++-2-822 ee 606 Floerkea.........------ Cece eee eee eee eeeee 383 | Goatsbeard............-..-2--2 22 eee eee eee 332 Forest zones, altitudinal limits........-.--- 35 | Godetia............-----.----22 2222 - ee eee eee 409 Forests, western Washington. ......------- 41 | Goldenrod.............-----+---+--250225- 561-563 prehistoric. ......-.-------2--+++++++++-- 87 | Goldthread............-- +++ +++ +2222 eee eee es 278 yellow pine ......---.---.---+-e+2eeee- +> 50-51 | Goodyera.... - Loe e eee ee eee Lecce eee eee eee 208 Forget-me-not.......---..--+-+++e0 222s eres 436 | Gooseberry... -..-.-------2-2+eeeee ree 49, 323-327 Forsellesta........------+---22ee eee etree: 385 | Goosefoot............0.. 06 eee eee eee eee eee 242 Fort Clatsop, botanical specimens......---- 11 family........-------2---2-22----+2+-+- 280-244 Fort Rock Camp, botanical specimens... -. - - 11 Gorman, M. W..........-----------------+-- 6,19 Four-o’clock family ...........------+----+- 244 Gormania..........-....----2-- 2-2-2 eee eee 309 Foxglove...........-----++eeeeeee eee reeeee 5I9 | Gorse. .....--- 2-2-2 22s eee e cece eee etree 358 Wild ........22.-0 2020 eee eee eee eeee 497-503 Gosmore.......---.-------2- eee eee eee 541 Fragaria.....-......-----22-020ee eee rete 340 | Gourd family...........2....---2--------. 585-887 Franseria..........-.-2-+0-02-2222 eee e eee 552 | Gramineae. (See Poaceac.) Frasera......---.- 2-222 e eee eee eee rete 451 | Grand Coulee, features........-....-------- 25 fastigiata........-...-.--22------ +2220 71 | Grand Rapids, Columbia, botanical speci- Praxinus.....-..----------222- eee cere tree: 449 MENS... 2222 eee eee eee eee eee ll oregana..........-----2 eee eee eee eee 42 | Grant, J. M., botanical work. .......--.---- 18 Fritillaria.......--......------++---+e++-+- 191 | Grape fern. ...........-----2-2 2222s eee eee ee 883 Frosts, late and early, Rocky Mountain Oregon ......-...-- +2222 eee eee ee eee 282 region.....--.--22-------e eer eee eee settee 32 | Grass, blue-eyed.............---------+---+- 203 Fumariaceae. (See Papaveraceae.) family ...........------ 22-2222 e eee 102-154 Furze. ..... 2.2 e eee eee ee ee eee eee eect 358 | Gratiola................----22-- eee eee eee 503 Gravelly prairies, vegetation. ...........-- 42,51 Gaertneria.......---.-.2----- +22 eee eee eee 552 | Gray Herbarium use by author...........- 5 chamissonis..........-----------+++++-- 47 | Grayia.....-.....-20--26 2-20 eee ee eee 241 Gaillardia.......--...----------2-e- sere eee 584 spinosa, distribution. ..........-..------ 36 aristata......-.....------------ ee eee eee 48 | Greasewood.........--..-------+------++5 36, 239 Gairdner, Meredith, botanical collection. ... 14 | Great Basin plantsin Washington.......... 38 Galium..........-..-------- 2-22 ee eee eee: 525-527 | Green foxtail...........-----+---++-+-+----- 106 Gardner, N. L., botanical work..........-- 19 jreene, FE. I. , botanical work in Washing- Garrya.... 22-25-02 eee eee eee 432 10) 18 Gaultheria.........---.--------++-+-e+++-+-- 441 | Greenman, J M......--.--------+--+-2-0e+- 6 Gaultheria shallon.........-...---------+---- 41,47 | Griffiths, David, botanical work ........-. 19 Gaura.. 2.2... 22.2. e eee eee eee eee eee eres 399 | Grindelia..... ....-2..---- 22202 cee eee eee 556 Gayophytum... 0-2... 20. +++-ee eee e eee 407 | Grossulariaceae .......-.-. pice eee cece ee 323-327 Genera, author’s position. .....-..--------- 9 Groundsel...........6.05 002. eee eee eee eee ee 596 Gentian.........-.-------+ 2-022 eee eee 62,450 | Gyrostachys. 0.02.0 .0.2-2 0 eee ee eee eee ee PEL family.... 2. -..----- 02-2222 - ee eee eee 449-452 | - Gentiana........0...---22. 2222-22 - eee eee eee 450 | Habenarta. ......202 00-02-0222 ee wees 208, 209, 210 calycosa..... 2022-2 +2222 secre eee eee eee 62,66 | Hackberry........--.-- 0-0 ---++ee sere eee 221 Gentianaceae............--2.--2--22++2--e- 449-452 | Hair grass........ Deccan cece ee cen eeeeeeeee 121 Geographic index. .......--....-+-+++-+++5+- 619 | Haloragidaceae...........-------+--0--+---- 4iL Geology, discussion by districts.......--.-- 20-26 | Harrimanella......--..-.-2-2+- 02sec eee eee 439 Georgia, New, use of name......--.-------- 10 | Hawkweed....... ..-..--22-0060 0 eee eee 546-548 Feraniaceae.... 2.2.22 eee eee eee eee eee ee 378-380 | Hazel... .-.. 20.220. eee eee eee ee eee ee eee 218 Geranium..........-------------- eee ee ee 378-379 | Healall.....00 ..------ eee eee eee eee eee 4389 family ...-.----...--22ee eee eee eee eee ee 378-380 | Ileather, Alaska.......-.....---------2e-0-> 439 incisuM......-....----.eee eee ee eee eee ee 48 family ........-2-.. 2-02-22. eee eee ee eee 436-442 Geum .....-.--------- 2-2-2 eee eee eee eee eee 343 | Hedge mustard .......-...------------++--- 301 Geyer, botanical exploration. ....-..------- 16) HWedysarum ........... 22. -2- 2-222 eee eee eee 366 Giant cedar ........--------------++0 -+e---- 71,91 | borealis ...........--.-.-.-------+---+-+- 66 Gilia.... 2.2... 2-2-2 eee ee eee eee eee 459-463 sulphurescens ........---------+-+++++++ 66 Gilid.. 2.2 ee eee 463,464,472 | Helenium........-.-.-..----0-0---250 2222s 584 Ginger, Wild .......---------+++-----+++-+2++- 223 | Heller, A. A., botanical collecting in Wash- Ginseng family ...-...-----..---++-+-e225++e- 412 ington .......-.-.-.--- 002-222 e eee ee eee 19 Githopsis.........----------------++5--2+2+- 535 | Helianthella ...............--------+---+---- + 582 Glasswort .........-2---------- +2 eee eee eee 45 douglasii ...... ....-...-----+--++------ 48 Glaux .....22 2. eee eee eee eee eee eee 447 | Helianthus ..........-....--------+--++--++- 582 Maritima .........-..-------2---++++0+-- 45, Heliotropium .......-.....--------.---++-+- 473 Glehnia.........-..------- 02-2 eee eee eee 429 | Hellebore, false ..............--------++--+-- 196 littoralis.........-....--.----.---- ee ee eee 47 QPTeeN 2.2.2.2. ee ee eee eee eee ee 196 Globe flower. ..........2--- +225 22222 eee cree 277 white ......22--. 2000000 e ee eee eee eee eee 196 INDEX. 629 Page. Page. Aemieva......... 200022 e eee 311 Hydrangeaceae..............cee cess eee nese 327 Hemicarpha............2.0....2.0.0222-22-- 159 Hydrocotyle. ..............02-2..000002----- 431 Hemitomes...............2...22-2.0.0-200-- 436 Hydrophyllaceae.................0------- 467-472 Hemizonella............2.222.0200220..02.... 577 Hydrophyllum....................---...... 468 Hemizonia.............-00000000 000.002. eee 577 | Hymenopappus... -..22.2..2022....2.2..-- 584 Hemlock, black................0......2----.- 60,94 | Hypericaceae...........2.0....2.....---.... 390 Water... 2.2... e eee eee ee eee 426 | Hypericum.........2..2..0.0002.2.22022-.-- 390 western. ... 2.2.22... eee ee eee eee eee -- 46,58, 94 | scouleri.......... wee ec cee cece eee eee eee 58 Hemp, Indian.............2......---2------- 453 | Hypochaeris.....................-2.2-.2---. 541 Henderson, L. F.............2..0eeeeeee eee 6 | Hypopitys....0.. 20.20. .00ceec cece eee eee. 436 botanical work...........0..........0005 18 | Heracleum ..............0... 2002 eee ee eee eee 417 | Tbidium...... 2.2.0... ... 20.222. 211 lanatum.... 2.2... e ee eee eee eee eee 58 | Ilysanthes......0.0..0.022.2.2.....2-2-.2--- 503 Herbaria consulted..................---.--- 5,6 gratioloides depressa...........-..... .. 614 of Washington State .................., 20 | Impatiens.............2.00..0202..0202----- 386 Herbs, Canadian zone...................... 59 | Impatientaceae.............02222.02.0...--- 386 Humid Transition................... 54,55,56 | Indian pipe...............00002.0222222 22 ee 436 Upper Sonoran, list ..................-- 39 pipe family............02.....22.22... 435-436 Heredity, relation to distribution of plants. 33 plum..............2....00202.2222222.-0-. 348 Hesperochiron.......2..220022 eee eee eee ees 468 | Iridaceae............20222.00000. 022222 202-204 Hesperogenia......-......2......020000000ee 430 | Iris... 222.2. eee cece eee eee eee 202 Heteranthera............2..0.020. 20222 e eee 178 family... -. 22.2. ..000 0002 e cece eee 202-204 Heterocodon................0220.202000 ee eee 537 missouriensis...............0-....22---- 44, 48 Heuchera... 2.22... ee eee cece ewe eeee 320-322 | Isnardia.......2.22....0000.22.2-222----0 ee 399 TAC@CMOSA... 2... eee eee eee eee ee eee 66 | Isoetaceae........0.....0002000 0022022222. 88 Hieracium.........2.....0.2 0.2.2 eee ee eee 546-548 | Isoetes... 2.2.22... 22.2 eee eee 88 Hierochloe .. 0.0.2.2 e cece cence eee 106 | Iva... 22... cece eee eee eee ee 550 Hilgard, E. W ..... 2.22.22. e eee 18 | Ivy, poison..............22..2222222222--... 384 Hippuris .......... 2.2. eee cee eee eee 411 Holeus... 2.2.2.0... eee cece cee e eee 121 | Jaumea............2... cee e eee e eee eee eee 582 Holly fern. 2.2.02... eee eee eee eee cece eee 80 | Jeffrey, explorations in Pacific northwest. . 17 Holm, Theodor.......................2----- 6 | Jewelweed..........20.2..00020 ee cece ee eee 386 Homalocenchrus...............22..-2---00-- 104 | Jimson weed ........2......22000000-2-0000-- 520 Honeysuckle ............ 2.2. cece cence cence 529 | Juncaceae......- 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 178-186 family... 2.0.2.2. eee cece e eee 528-532 | Juncoides................ 222. ee eee ee ee eee 184-186 Honkeny.. 2.2 ee ee eee eee eee ee 260 | Juncus.........2 22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 178-184 Honkenya peploides....................--. 47 balticus........ cee ec ee cece eee eee eeeee 45 Hookera...........2...20200.020e- eee eee 189-190 OTCLANA.. 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eens 46 Hoorebekia.............2222.2202......0.-.. 559 | June grass.......222...2.222.22022222222.--- 48 Hop sage......-.02-eecceeeeccceceeceeeeee- 36,241 | Juniper, western.............2--.-.2------.- 90 Hordeae...... 22.2.2. e cece cece cece eececeecee 104 | Rocky Mountain............-..2....... 90 Hordeum... 2.2.2.2... 0.022 c eee e ee eee eee eee 149 | Jumiperus.........2..........220-.220 22 eee 90 Horehound... ..............222-- ee eee eee eee 489 SCOPUJOTUM ............ 2.2 e eee eee eee 44 Horkelia..... 2.2.22... 0.2 cece cece eee eee 339 Horner, R. M....2... 2.2222 6 | Kalmia........ 2. lle eee eee eee eee eee 439 botanical work in Blue Mountains ..... 19 glauca... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee 46 Homwort.... 2.22222. e cece cece ee ececceceeee 265 | Kamiak Butte, character of rock .......... 26 Horsetail. 2.22.20. 2 2 eee eee eee eee eee 84 vegetation. .............22...22222.000-. 35 Hosackia.. 22.2.2... eee eee eee 364-366 | Kelloggia...........2-..... wee ee cece ee eeeee 527 Howell, Thomas..............-.22.2.2---0--- 6 | Kentucky bluegrass....... wee e cece e eee eens 131 botanical work in Pacific northwest.... 18 Kinnikinnick............2.... Meee eee eee eee 437 Huckleberry, blue..............22..2222.... 58 Klamath region, plant species.............. 70 evergreen... 2.22... eee eee eee eee 47 | Klickitat county, botanical features, ete... 68 TED. 2... ee eee eee eee 41,47 | Koeleria......2.2..22-2..2022.2020220000000-. 126 Hudsonian life zone.................. 35, 36, 60-62 | Kreager, Frank O., botanical work........ 19 Hudsonian species, distribution. ........... 61-62 Kruhsea.............2...2002.2.220222.22022-. 202 Hull, W. R., botanical work in Washington | Krynitskia.. 2.0.2. ee eee 483, 485 State... 2... 19 Kunzia... 2.2.2. 345 Hulsea 2.2.2.2... 2 cee ee eee 583 tridentata, distribution ................ 36 Humid Transition, altitudinal limits....... 36 character.........20.20..02222020-2-2.-240- 35 Labiatae. (See Menthaceae.) comparison of flora. ..........0......... 53 Labrador teal........222..22.222.0022 200 46, 441 discussion... ......2.2.20.2...0202..0 00. 4047 | Lace fern..........22.2222222-2-2-2--------- 79 temperature data ...........02..2.2.... 30 | Lactuca.. 2.2... 2 2c e eee eee eee ee eee 548 Hutchinsia...........22222..22.2.00202.000- 304 | Lady’s slipper. ........2.2....222.2.2--2--... 205 Hydastylus.............00000. 0222. c cee 204 | Lagophylla..........2..20..0.02222.-.20.2.... 577 Hydrangea family..............2...222-.2-- 327 | Lake, E. R., botanical work in Washington. 19 630 INDEX. Page. Page. Lake Lewis, formation..........-....-++--- 25 | Lithophragma tenella florida............--- 613 Lake John Day, formation, ete .........--- 24 ramulosa..............-2022 222 e= 613 Lamb, F. H., botanical work .......------- 19 | Lithospermum.........--.--.-------+-++-+++ 486 Lamb’s quarters.....-.---.-.---+2++-22-2+- 242 ) Lloydia...-....---- 2... 2+- 22s eee eee eet 193 - Lamium..............---------ee02 22-220 eee 490 | Loasa family..............------ +--+ +--+ 395 Lappula...........2.--2.-- 222222222222 474-475 Loasaceae....--....--.--22--22-52-2 0-225 +e 395 Lapsana.... 0.2.22... 20220002000 e eect eee BBS Lobelia... 02.0. eee ence eee eee eee 537 Larch, western. ...........------+----+--++-- 58,93 Lobeliaceae. (See Campanulaceae.) S06) | 92. Locoweed..........2--2--2222 202222252220 ee 367 Larix... 22... 22-2 e ee eee eee eee eee eee 92 Lodgepole pine...........2-.-.-2-2-2 202022 58, 92 lyallii. 22222022 eee eee eee eee eee eee Tl 9 Lolium. .........222..0 00-22-20 e eee eee eee 146 occidentalis. .........--..-.----+-2--5+5+ 58S Lomaria.........2-2-.-.-22- 202062 eee eee eee ee 79 Larkspur. ..-.....2-.-------- 522-2202 225+ 279-281 | Lomatium.............---.-.---2-2 +2205 419-425 Lathyrus.........--...-- 222-02 2e2e eee eee 375-378 London Horticultural Society, botanical ex- Laurel. ........-222 02202 e eee eee eee eee 46 -ploration in Washington...........--.--- 12 sticky. ......2....-02 22 ee ee eee eee eee 51, 387 | Lonicera..... 2.222.222 0222.22 eee eee eee eee 529 Lavauxia........22. 22222 eee eee eee eee eee 409 Loosestrife family. ........-.--.---------+-- 397 Leather-leaf polypody.......--..-------++-- 77 Lophanthus...........2-.220 0200000222 e eee 489 Ledum.........-.2...22 2000022 e eee eee eee eee 440 Loranthaceae........-....-..-----------++-- 222 columbianum...........---+-----+--+--+--- M6 LOWS oo ooo eee eee eee eee ee tenes 365 latifolium.........22.....-------+-2+--+- 46 Luina........2..........-2----- 20-2 - eee eee 594 Leersia.. 2.2... 22-22 eee ee eee 104 hypoleuca............2....------- +2 00-5 69 Leguminosae, (See Fabaceae.) californica. ........-...2...2222-20------ 69 Leiberg and Sandberg, botanical work in Lupine.................---------- 48, 62, 63, 350-358 Washington... ..........-----+-220eee eee 19) Lupinus. ........2.......20.220 0220s eee 350-358 Leibergia.........-2------ 2202-2 eee eee eee 427 | lyalii.. 2.2... 2-2... 2 eee eee eee ee 63, 66 Lemna.... 2... eee ee eee ee eee eres 177 microcarpus.............2.2--2--0-2005- 44 Lemnaceae@.......2.2.... 2022 eee eee eee 177 ornatus. 2.2.2.0... 20200222 eee eee eee eee 48 Lentibulariaceae. (See Pinguiculaceae. ) seric@uS.......2---.---002 22 eee eee eee eee 48 Leontodon........-2..22---2--20ee eee eee eee 541 subalpinus.............-.--.---------++- 62 Lepargyrea..........-..00eee eee eee eter eee 397 wyethii.. 2.20.22... 2022222 ee eee eee eee 48 Lepidium............-.--.- 2-222 ++ee eee eee 304. Lutkea............2.--.22--202200-0----- 0-2 329 Leptarrhena..........---------2++2+e2ee- e+ 310 pectinata.............-2-------------+-- 62 Leptaxis..........2-2-. 25-22-2222 ee eee eee eee 322 Luzula..... 2.2... ee eee eee eee eee eee 185 Leptorchis...........---. ++ 20222222 eee e eee 208 Lyall, botanical work in Pacific northwest. . 7 Leptotaenia.....2........-22 202-22 e eee eee 425 | Lychnis............2-22-2222-5-5 2-222 e eee eee 255 multifida ......0....-2222-.202022 2222 eee 48 | Lycopodiaceae...............2.22---2 222055: 86 Lesquerella..........--2-2+22-- 2222s eee eee 298 Lycopodium...........-----+-+-2-2+2+2-255- 86 Lettuce, blue... 22.20.0222. e eee eee eee eee 549 | Lycopus.........-.-.----- 2-2-2225 eee eee eee 491 prickly... 2.2... 2-2-2222 00 ee eee ee eee 549 | Lysias. 2.22... 2 2-22 eee ee eee eee eee 208 Lewis and Clark, botanical collections in | Lysichiton...........--...------- 2. -+2+2-5-> 1i7 Washington... .......---.------++ees2 eee ll | Lythraceae..........2--.22 +222 +2022 eee eee 397 Lewisia.........----.-- Lec e eee ee eeeeeeeeees 2460 Lythrum...........22222---2 2222 eee eee eee 397 rediviva .....,....--2---------+++------- 49 | , Licorice polypody.....-.-.-----+-+----+-++- 77 | MacDougal, botanical collecting in| Wash- wild. 22.20.2222 e eee eee eee eee 364 ington... ....-2.2..0 eee eee eee eee eee ee .- 19 Life zones, altitudinal limits.........------ 36 Machaeranthera.........--....------------- 575 North American, scheme.......-------- 34. Madder family...........------------+---- 525-527 Ligusticum.........------- 22-22 eee eee eee 498 Madia.......-------eeeeeec ec eeeeeeee reese 575-577 Lilaea subulata.....-......2----------e2 25+ 44 | Madrona.......------e-c-ecece eee ee eee eereee 437 Lilaeopsis......--.--------- 5022222222 e eee 428 | Madronella..........------------ +200 282225 493 Liliaceae. .........---------- 2-02 e ee eee eee 186-195 | Mahogany, mountain........---.--..------- 345, Lilium... 22.2.2 0 0-2. e ee eee ee eee eee eee 191 | Maianthemum.....-..---------+---+-22+-2-- 200 Lily... 022. cee ee eee eee ee eee ee eee ee eee 191 | Maiden-hair fern...........---------------+-- 78 family. ...-------2----0 2020 e eee eee eee 186-195 | Malaceae..........--------+-++--22-----+-- 345-347 pine........22-222--22 2222 eee eee eee 197 | Male fern...........-----------+ 2-202 ------- 82 Lily of the valley family......--.-------- 198-202 | Mallow.....-...-----------+-+2ee2-e eres 388 Limnanthaceae.......-.-.-----+-2+-2+-+---- 383 | family .....-.-.-.------------ Leeeeeeee 388-390 Limnorchis........-.-.-----+----++++22-+°° 209-210 | musk.......----------2-2-2 2222s eee 388 Limosella..........--22eeeeeeeeeecceeeceeees BOT | Malva......---222--2200-- 22002 cece eee 388 Linaceac. ..........2-- 20020 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 380 | Malvaceae.....--.--.-----------552222e eee 388-390 Linanthus ... 2.2.2... 222202 e eee eee eee 460 | Manzanita......-.---------------+---2-e eee 437 Limaria.....2...-...26-2 22 - eee eee eee eee eee 495 | Maple family......---------------++--+ee ee 385 Linnaea......-..--2-- cece ee ceeeeeeseeeeeees 528 large-leaved, distribution.......----.--- 42 Linum. .......----- 2.2 eee eee ee eee eee 380 OreGon... 22-2222. eee eee eee cece eters 385 Liparis...-..2+-0.002+222200 5° Lecce eee eens 208 ViINC. 2.2. e eee eee eee eee ee 42, 385 Disterd. .. 2... cence cece eee eee eee eee tees 207 | Marestail........---.----------- +22 reer eee 411 INDEX. 631 Page. Page Marigold, marsh......................----- 62, 277 | Mustard, black... ........000....0.......--.. 301 Marrubium...............2....2202...22.-..- 489 | family... 2.200000 00000022202-2 22 ee eee 285-307 Marsh marigold.................-.-.-.--... 277 hedge... 2.0.2.2. eee ee 301 Marsilea... 22.22.2020 2 2 ccc cee eee eee eee 84 tumbling.....2..00.000..22.. 0000202. 302 Marsileaceae.........00.....2222.-0-20------ 84 Myosotis.........0.0....................... 486 Matricaria..........02020. 0000002222. 2 22 eee 585 | Myosurus.......2..20200..0000.....2..2-2 22. 269 Mayweed............-.2...2-22-22---------- 585) Myrica........00020 00000 eee eee eee ee ee 217 Meadow feseue................-2-2.---2------ 138 | californica.......0..00000.2.0.0..2..2.22.. 46,47 TUG... eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee 268 | Bale... eee e eee ee 46 Medicago... ...2......202..02.02220000-02000- 363 | Myricaceae.......0....0.2.2-20- 000 e eee 217 Melampyrum.................2.2....222---- 511 | Myriophyllum.........................-.... 412 Melanthaceae.............2..2.-2.22.20-.. 195-198 . Melica.............00000 197 Nabalus fee eee eee eee ee ee cece eee eee 548 Melilot, yellow. .....000.000000 00022 e eee... 358 | Naladaceae TUS nesses nee ee eee "9 Melilotus. 2. 0000.0.0....2.0cececeeeeeeeeeee gig Nalas.--. eee e reste eee 9 Melissa... 2.0. - oe ccec cece cece cccececcc ee. ggg Nasturtium. 2.12.0... 02-00 vee ee cece eee 296 “Mentha... 492 | Naumburgia... 000.0222... 000 eee cece cece 448 Menthaceae...._.......2....02.222 2 eee 486-493 Navarretia ae 463 Mentzelia.. 2.0.0. 0.0.2--0.0-2220ee- eee ee eee 395 Propinqua..- ~~. ---.. 0. eee eee eee eee 614 Menyanthaceae........2.....222....2-...--- 452 | Nemophila anne 469 Menyanthes.... 2. ......0......2...2-2.-2--- 452 | Nepeta....... 00... 22e sees 489 Menzies, botanical work in Washington. ... 11 Nephrophyllidium Too tess sess ees sees seen es 452 Menziesia.............0 000.2002 2 cece eee 440 Cristagalli.... 2... ee eee eee eee 47 ferruginea...........22.2.2002-..02 000s 47, 58 NeSlia.. 2... 22. 2-2-2222 eee eee eee 306 Merathrepta.........2.2...2.022..222...-.- 122-123 | Nettle... 2.2.02. 1..2 02s sees eee 221 Mertensia...... 222.0 0000...022---2-2------ 476-480 | familys... 2-2-0. 2- 0202-2 e eee eee eee eee 221 Micrampelis..............02..22.22...2--... 539 Newberrya......... 20-20-0202 cece eee ntat 436 Micromeria............--- 2-2-2 cece e eee eee 493 Nicotiana....... we eee ewe eens 521 Microseris bbb be eee eee eeeeeeeeee 539, 540, 541 Nightshade family eee eee eee eee eee eee 519-521 bigelovii bb bebe ee eben ccc cece cece eeeeee 44 | Ninebark.........220.000020000002.00.......-. 50 329 Microsteris.. 0.0.0. 00.00000 00000 c cece cece .. 461 | Noble fir...---0-00.00..000.. cress se sssse ses 93 Milk thistle................................. 609 | Nomenclature..............22222.22.2...-.. 9 Milkweed......................... -. 53 | North Transcontinental Survey, botanical Millspaugh, C. Fo...0.0.0.0. 0.0.0. ec cece eee 6 | collections. ......-.....----+-+--.-.-22. 2+ 18 Mimulus...............----- 22 cece cece 507-511 Northwest Coast, use of name............. 10 lewisii.. 2... 2.2... eee eee eee eee 62 Nothocalais..........0..0.020000.00-0..000-- 540 Mint..........2 2... eee eee 492 | Nuphar Be eee eee eee rece eee ete eee eee 264 family...-..............-.-.- eee 496-493 Nut grass..........2 222.2222. eee 155 Mistletoe family........................---- 9929 | Nuttall, botanical collecting in Pacific north- Mists, Oregon.....-....0-0.0.2.2000 0020000. 29 WOSE... 2... 202s eee eee eee eee eee eee 14 Milk veteh....................... 2... ee 367-374 | Nyctaginaceae........2..-2.2..2.20-6..22-.- 244 Mitella........................-- bocce eee ee ee 319 | Nymphaea:.................... 20222220222 264 stauropetala....................--..---- 71 | Nymphaeacene......-.....-.-..------.----- 264 Moehringia.....-.......220.-222 2.000202 2 ee 260 Oak. ooo cence cence cence ccceecceee 220 Mollugo.......-....22..--..-..- vee eee eeeee 245 | POISON... 20... ee eee eee eee cece cece eee 384 Monardella. 00.000... 000 eee eee eee 493 VINC . ooo eee cee ence ee cece 290 Moneses. 3... 20.2220 e eee 432 | Ocean SPAY... eee cece eee eee eeeeeececeeeeeee 330 uniflora. . 20002002 e eee eee 47 | Oenanthe........................... ooo eee ee 427 Monolepis................2--20- 22-2 eee ee eee 243 Oenothera... 2.2.2.2. 2. 2. 22e cece cece eeeee 407 Monotropa..........-.....---2+--22--22---: 436 Qenotherd......-...-222.0.2-2-02022- 000 405 , 406 , 408 Monotropaceae Totes esses esse eee ss sees 435-436 Okanogan Highlands, physiographic and Mee Torts sees ss sse ees sse ees ss sees es 548 sl | geologic features........0......022...200-- 24 OME. 0 ee eee ee eee eee eee eee oll Oleaceae.. 2.2... 20 022 ee ee ee ee 449 Morning-glory.............-22222..220.5.05. 454 Oleaster family........... eee cence eee eee 397 Moses Coulee, formation, ..................- 25 | Olsynium............-......-....- oe. 204 Moth mullein..............-..--.-... orate 495 Olympic mountains, botanical features, ete. 65-66 Mount Stuart ane Wenache mountains, bo- 68 physiographic and geologic features... 21 anical aspects. ...........0...0-2..--2-2-- 7 Mount Stuart region, plant species... 70 | Qnagmicene ES agen Mountain ash... 22.2... eee eee 347 | Onion........................ 187-189 verre’. Soret retest ree tee sence s arena cences nl Ophioglossaceae... 22.222... cee e ee ee eee 83-84 imothy..............0 00022222 ee eee eee ; Mountains, Pacific coast, floral comparisons 70 Obl ee ; ; ; ; : _ ; 7 oo Mouse tail... 2.2... ... ee eee seers ee eee e eee 269 | Opulaster.. 20... 0.0 002000202 e cee eee eee eee 325 Muhlenbergia.............0...02e- ee eee eee 110 pauciflorus.....2.2...2.22.22.22...20025 50 Mullein.. 2.22.02. 2 202. e eee eee ee eee 494 | Opuntia..... 22... 396 MUNrOt. 1.2.0 ee ce eee eee eee eee e ee eeeee 154 polyacantha borealis..........-..-.... 44 632 INDEX. Page. Page Orchard grass.............. 02... 128 | Phaca...........-2-..0--22 02 eee eee eee eee 367-374 Orchid family..........-.2.2...-.-2------- 205-211 hookeriana..... we cece eee ce eee eee eens 66 Orchidaceae. .........2..-22-.-2-2 222 ee eee 205-211 | Phacelia................22222..-2-2--0----- 470-472 Oreastrum.........------2. 022-0022 eee eee eee 569 | Phalarideae..............-0....0.2--222----- 102 alpigenum.............-2-2.2.2--2-2-2-4-- 63 | Phalaris..........22.....-22.2-.-202020020005- 106 Oregon ash..... cece eee eee eee eee eee 42,449 | Phegopteris.......-.....------.------++----- 77 early extent............---------------- 10 | Philadelphia code observed..............--- 9 grape.............-.-...--------------- 41,282 | Philadelphus..................0.-.......--- 327 Historical Society, botanical publica- Philotria.......-22...-222-.00 2022-0 e eee eee 101 tions and notes. ........--.-...------- 12,13 | Phleum........2......002-..0-0 22 eee eee eee 11 “‘mists 2.2.2.0... 222-22 eee eee ceeteeeee 29 | Phlox........ 2222222. 2 eee eee eee eee 45-459 Upper, use of name............-.....--- 10 family.......--2-..0--0-- 20 - eee ee ee eee 456-467 Oreocarya....--.---------0e- 22 eee eee eee ee 481 | Phragmites..............2......2-2222-2000- 125 Orobanchaceae......--..----------- veeeee 521-523 | Phyllodoce.............-2--2--------0+e ee eee 439 Orobanche...........-2...-2---222--222 eee eee 522 empetriformis..............---22+.----- 62 Orogenia.....-.--.--------0- 2002 ee eee eee ees 430 | Phyllospadix..................22---222-20--- 100 Orthocarpus................----2----- .--- 516-518 | Physalis...........2...0--222..--0--2---06-- 519 TATIOT. 2.22.22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 614 | Physaria.....-.-......-222.-22-2- 22 ee eee eee 306 OTYZ0aG.. 2. eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 102 | alpestris...........--2..0-.----22-222--- 613 Oryzopsis.........22-2-22--02e eee eee eee ee 109 | Physiography, districts................-.-- 20-26 Osier, red... 2... 2222 ee eee eee ee eee 431 | Physiography, Pacific northwest........... 10 Osmaronia.....-----------+------0--- eee 348 | Physostegia.............---.---- teaaeteceeee 490 Osmorhiza.......--20222 20 eee eee eee eee eee 416 | Picea... 2.0... eee ee ee eee eee eee 95 Oxalidaceac.........-2.....---------------- 380 engelmanni...... beeen eee eee eee eee 58 OxaliS.....22..-.2--2- 2-202 e eee eee ee eee eens 380 sitchensis............02-2-2.-.-----220--- 41 OXyCOCCUS...-. 2.222.222 e eee eee ee eee eee 444 ; Pickering, Charles, explorations in Wash- oxycoccus intermedius..........-...... 46 ington............022200. 202222 e ee eee eee 15 Oxyria.....22. 2.22.2. e eee eee eee eee ee eee 224 | Pigweed......0 2.2.2.2... eee cee eee eee eee 244 Oxytheca.....2. 22.222. eee eee eee eee eee 239 | Pinaceae.................-..-..- wee eeeeeeeee 89-95 Oxrylropis...-....2.2. 0-222 e eee eee eee eee 367 | Pine, black........-.-- Lee eee cece e cece eee 42 Oyster plant...........-----.--------------- 539 bull... 2... .....2--------.----2--- 2-222 e ee 92 family.........----....-----------2----- 80-95 Pachistima............-2---..-------------- 384 lodgepole. ........-....--------- wee eeeee 92 myrsinites...........-.--..-----2--5---- 58 shore... ...-...-------e0 cece eee eee eee V2 Pachylophus........-...---.------------0-- 408 sugar, discovery by Douglas...........- 13 Pacific area, character.................-.--- 35 western white.................-----.--- 91 Paeonia......-...------------ 22-2 e eee eee eee 278 white-bark......0......222...2-220-202- 60, 91 Painted cup.........-2..-.2--22--22-222---- 62 yellow... .......-----2-------- cece cece eee 92 Paniceae........----2----22 eee e ee eee eee eee 102 forestS.....-2--2--22--22- ee eee eee eee 50 Panicularia............-2----2------------ 139-140 | Pinguicula..................2.222.-------2--- 123 Panicum.........-....---------2-0-ee eee eee 105 | Pinguiculaceae................2...2222----.- 523 Papaver.... 2.0.02. 2c eee eee eee eee 283 | Pink family........-..-....2---22..-..--... 252-264 Papaveraceae.........---.-------++------- 283-285 | Pinus.......--.....-22-.-- 2-2-2 e ee ee eee eee 91 Parietaria.........222...-2....-2-2-2-------- 221 contorta..... 0.0... .22 222222222065 48, 46, 47,58 Parnassia..........-..---+----2-+-------2--- 322 monticola, predominance. .......--..... 58 Parrya.......-- seeeeee eee base cneee ec eceenas 291 ponderosa, preponderance, etc......... 50 Parsley, water...........-.----------+------ 427 | Piper, C. V., study of Washington plants .. 5 Parsnip, COW.......-....----------------+-- 417 | Piperia..............----...--2--2--..------- 208 Paspalum .......--....--------------------- 104 transversa...........-.2.-2---2---2----- 613 Pea... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eens 375-878 | Piptocalyx..-.........-.-.----- 2.222226 -e- 481 Pear, prickly...-.2......------------+---5-- 396 | Piscaria..... 22-2... 22.2. ee eee 382 Pectocarya.....--2-2 22-2 eee eee 482 | Plagiobothrys.........-.-...---.-.--------- 482 Pedicularis......-.-...---.-.------------- 511-512 | Plantaginaceae................-....-----. 523-525 bracteosa........-.---2-2------ 2-2 ee ee eee 57 | Plantago............-.--22-2.--------------- 523 TAC@MOSA......22222- 02222 e ee eee 57 | Plantain.............-0--2--..---2---2-22-5--- 523 Pellaea........-.-2222. 2022 eee eee ee eee eee 78 family.........2..--------- 220-2. eee eee 523 Penny Cress... 2.0.0.2. .22 2.2. eee eee ee eee eee 305 rattlesnake.......-.--.---------2 020-00 208 Pentacaena......-....--.-.-.00-2---22-2-5-- 264 water....... Le eee eee ee cece eee e eee 100 ramosissima...........---.---2----++--- 47 | Plants, species confined to Washington .... 73-74 Pentstemon...........-.-.-22.202222 202 497-503 species likely to be found in Washington, 75 pinetorum...........-.....-.----------- 71 | Platyspermum......... eee cee ce eee eee eee 286 Pepper grass ......2....22.2. 2222-22 e eee eee 304 scapigerum. .......-... 02.2. eee cee eee 44 Peramium..............-------- eee een neces 208 | Platystigma..........-.-....--.0..---.----- 284 Perennial ryegrass...............--.2---0-5- 146) Plectritis... 2.0... eee cee eeeee 533 Petalostemum .............-0.-.-e eee eee eee 350 congesta alba. .......2.-....-.--20-05--- 614 Petasites.. 02.0... eee eee eee eee 59D | Fleuricospota....-.-.-.-------- eee eee eens 436, Feeucedanum. ... 22... cee eee eee ee ee eee eee 420 Pleuropogon..........----.------------ ceeee 128 INDEX. 633 Page Page Plum, Indian.............--- Deeeeee ee eeeee 348 - Pyrola. 2... 2... eee ee eee eee eee 433-435 Plumbaginaceae...............----+------++ 449 family..........2.2..0-2-0- 202 e eee 432-435 Poa. 2.2222. ee eee eee eee 128-185 Pyrolaceae.............2.2-...-2-2--------- 432-435 arctiCa........2-...-- 2220222 eee eee eee 62 Pyrrocoma.........-.....2- 2022. 222 ee ee eee 559 sandbergii..............-..--2--------+- 48 Pyrus.......-....-.------- Lecce cece eee ee eens 347 Poaceae. ..........22 000222 e eee 102-154 | diversifolia, distribution............... 42 Poison ivy.....--.--.2-.2..-.2222200 2-22 e eee 384 | Oak... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 384 | Quack grass.......-.-.. 222s. e eee eee 149 Polemoniaceae...............--...2222---- 456-467 | Quamash Flats, botanical specimens...-.... 11 Polemonium............--..--..-..----+--- 466-467 | Quamasia..... 2.22.2... ccc cece eee e eee eee 190 ClCQANS. 2.2.2 eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 63 AZULCA.. 2. ee eee eee eee eee eee 613 micranthum............------+-+e-++eee 44 | Quercus......2 2.222. eee eee eee eee ee eee 220 Polygonaceae..........0. 0.002 e eee e eee 224-239 SAITYANA.. 2... LL eee eee eee eee ee 42 Polygonum..........----2.0-0- eee eee eee 226-232 | Quillwort................-.-.2----2-2---5--- 88 Polypodiaceae. .......--....-- 22 eee eee eee eee 76-82 Polypodium.............2.----222+ eee eee eee 76 | Rabbit brush. .............-.0-----0- ee eee 36, 558 Polypody, leather-leaf............----.----- 77 | Rabbit-foot clover...........2.....02202..-- 361 licoric@... 0.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 77 | Radish..........-...20-.-..2 2222s eee eee eee 307 Polypogon.........2--2---2ee2ee eee eee eens 111 | Ragweed............2.0 02.22 e eee eee eee eee 551 Polystichum.........-.-2-+------+------+-+--- 80 family... 2.22... eee eee eee eee eee eee 550-552 munitum, distribution.............--.. 41 | Rainfall, Weather Bureau tables.......... 27-28 Pondweed... 2.2... ..22 eee e eee eee eee eee 96 | Rainier, Mount, botanical collection . wee 19 family.........-------, 22-2 - eee ee eee eee 178 | Rainiera............ 002... e ee ee eee 594 Pontederiaceae........-...---------------- 178 | Ramm, Charles A., botanical collection . .-. 18 Poppy family ......-.....--...-----2+200+- 283-285 | Ramona.......-..------- 2 ences eee eee ee ee ees 488 Populus........2--------2022- 22-2 e eee ee eee 217 | Ranunculaceae..................2.--.---- 265-282 tremuloides..........--.2-------2e00-ee- 49 | Ranunculus.........-....---------------- 270-277 trichocarpa........---.--...-2+------ 42, 49,57 | occidentalis laevieaulis..............-.. 613 Portulaca....... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 245 suksdorfii.......2....-2-.2--022-2-0------ 62 Portulacaceae.......2-..--.----ee--+-e--- 245-251 | Raphanus...........2.....---.-.2--+------- 307 Potamogeton.........--.22--20-220- 22 eee eee 96 | Rapuntium...............------------------ 537 Potamogetonaceae.......-..-2-----+------- 96-98 | Rattlesnake plantain.................------ 208 Potentilla.............--02-- 22200 e ee eee 336-339 | Razoumofskya........-.----.--------+------ 222 flabellifolia... 2... ..........2-2 22-2200 -- 62 | Red alder...... 2.2.0.0... 20000. ee eee eee eee 42,219 Prairies, bunchgrass, vegetation........-.- 48 FESCUE. 2.2. ee eee cee eee ee eee 137 Precipitation, Weather Bureau tables. -.--- 27-28 fir... eee eee eee ee eee eee eee 41, 50, 58, 94 Prickly pear... ..-..-.--.-++-----e+2ee- see: 396 raspberry ....-...---. 0222.0 eee ee ee eee eee 334 Primrose, evening............-...--+------- 407 | Redtop...........--. 2.22 eee eee eee ee eee eee 119 family... 2.2... eee eee eee ee ee eee 444-448 = Reed... eee eee eee 125 Primulaceae..........--...--2--22--2----- 444-448 10 95 POSQES . Le ee ee eee eee ee 201 | CANATY QIASS..... 2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 106 Prunella... 2.0.2.0... 0022 ee ee ee eee eee eee eee 489 | Rhammnaceae...........-.....2--2-2----5-- 386-388 Prunus... 2. 22... ee ee ee ee eee ee eee eee 348 Rhamnus.............---2----022---- 22 eee 386 Pseudotsuga.... 2... ..-.2.0- 22222 e ee eee eee 94 Rhinanthus..................--..---------- 511 mucronata.........-..-.----+---2--6 2225 41,50 Rhodiola..............-...-------- eee ee eee 308 Psilocarphus.......-2.....-222 20022222 e eee 607 Rhododendron... ............-+--++-+-+----- 440 Psoralea... 2... eee eee ee eee eee eee ee 363 albiflorum...........2--.--2-.0---eeeee 60 Pteridium. .......... 22.22.0202 eee eee ee ee eee 41,78 | Rhus... 2... ee ee eee ee eee eee ee 383 PETES oe ccc eee eee eee 78 Rhynchospora............22..20--222-2----- 161. PteTOSpOla... 0.2.22. eee eee eee eee eee eee 435 | Ribes... 2.2... ee eee eee eee eee eee 323-327 aundiomedea.......--.----.-----2--05---- 57 bracteosum. . 2.2... 22.2222. .- 22 ee ee eee 42 Pterostegia.....0 22.20... eee eee eee 232 howellil..............---.--------------- 60 Pteryria 00... eee ee eee ee ee eee 429 INCTMC...... 2.2 ee eee eee eee eee eee ee eee 49 Ptilocalais. 2.0.0 06. ee ee eee eee 54 | IWriQuUM 2. 2. eee eee eee ee eee eee 49 Ptilonella. 2.2... cee eee eee ee eee 518 laxiflorum............2002---2- 22 eee eee 47 Ptiloria. 0.0.0.6 ee ce eee eee 539 sanguineum......-....-------eee eee ee: 42 Puceinellia......... 02. .2c cece eee ee cece eens 141 | Ricker, P. Le... -... 00+ -- ee ee eee eee eee eee 6 Puget Sound Basin physiograpby and geol- Rigiopappus....----+-2+.-+e- eee reese estes 583 ORV 0. cece cece ves cceeeaeteceneeeees 21 Rimrock definition and flora wee e cee eeeeee 49 Puget Sound Witkes expedition........... 15 | Robmson, B. be. ..-.-.ssesseee estes eres : 6 PUISALINA ooo ccc ccc ccc cece cecccceececeeee 268 Rock cress. 2.2... 2-2. eee eee eee ee cee ee --. 291-295 : Rock-10se. 2... ee ee eee eens 49, 246 occidentalis Fost nese sceceececeseesseces 62 Rock y Mountain plants in Arid Transition - 52 Pursh description of Lewis and Clark Rocky Mountain jumiper................--- 00 PlANTS - 6 ee ee eee eee e ee eeeer eee ce eee 11} Rocky Mountains pliant species............ 72 PUISRID. 6 wee eee nett eee cee 245 | Romanzoffia ..........200.0 0202-222 cece 468 Pursiane... 22... eee ee ee ee eee 245 | Roripa. ..........-. 296-298 famuy .. 2.2... ee ee eee eee ee ee ee ee ee eee 245-251 | ROSA... ee ee eee eee eee wees 304 634 INDEX. Page. Page. Rosa gymnocarpa,.......-.------2---22-208 50 | Saxifraga paddoensis ..........--.......--- 613 nutkana..........---... eee eee ee ee eee eee 49 10) 000) (t) 62, 66 pisocarpa........... cece cece cece cence ees 49 | Saxifragaceae...........-.-.2..----------+ 310-323 Rosaceae... .......2-20200eee ee eeee eee eee 328-345 | Saxifrage.........22...000--2 2200222 e eee ee 312-317 Rose... 2-22-02 2-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 334 family........-2.-.----.2-----02-006 62, 310-323 Rose family............-.22----------- 49, 328-345 | Scablands................20222- 2-02 e ee eeee . 48 0 246 | Scheuchzeria.............2.-2.2..---0200---- 100 Rotala............- gece cece eee e eee eee 398 palustris. 2.2.20... 2... 2c cee ee eee eee eee 46 Rough meadow grass.........----------+-- 131 | Scheuchzeriaceae..........-.....----------- 100 Rubiaceae... 2.0.0.0... 02222 e eee ee eee 525-527 | Schizonotus.............---2.-.-----+-------- 330 Rubus. ... 222.222.220.002 eee eee eee eee 332-334 | Schoenocrambe...+...............22--22---+ 303 macropetalus..................-2-.-.---- 41 | Scirpus... 2.222.002 0 0. eee eee cece eee ee eee 156-158 nivalis. ...........2.---2---0----0-200- eee 58 | Scorzonella..............-----.-----2-0-- eee 540 parviflorus...............2-2-....--.2.-- 41,51 | Seouler, botanical work in Washington..... 13 spectabilis... 2.2.2... -.22. 002 e cece eee eee 42,47 | Seouler willow .........22...2.-222-.--2---- 41, 42 Rudbeckia...............-2..--02--0- 2222s 579 | Scouring rush.............-.....-----.----- 85 Rue, meadow............-.2.-------------+- 268 | Seribneria......- Lecce ee eee cece eee ee ee eeee 146 Ruhn, Doctor, botanical work............. 19 | Serophularia.....-.......2.....-222-2--+----- 495 Rumex...........----.-- 222-0022 2 ee eee ee 224-226 | Serophulariaceae.............2...2.....-. 494-519 Ruppia... .....-.-. 2... 2-22. eee eee eee eee 99 | Seutellaria.............2.22..0.5.20022.-- .... 488 maritima............-...--------------- 44 angustifolia...............20.0..2.-.--... 44 Rush... 2.2.2... 22.20.2222 20-222 eee eee eee 178-184 | Seashores, vegetation..................-.-. 45-46 family .... 2.0.2.0 220002020222 178-186 | Sedge... ..............--2-------2 2022222 161-177 scouring..........2.....0.0.2222- 22-22 e ee 85 family..........-2-22.-..2-0-2-0-.20--22--- 154-177 WOOd.... 2.222 eee eee eee eee eee es 184-186 | Sedum........-.2 22200220 308 Russian thistle. .............-..2..-.-2--.--- 240 | Selaginella..........2...2..-0-.2-.-2-0---+---- 87 Rye grass.............----.-------2------ 150-152 | Selaginellaceae.......................-22--.-- 87 perennial... ......2...6..022.0.02020 200 146 Senecio............--...-. 2222-2202 02 222s 595-601 | Sericocarpus...... cece eee eee eee cece ence 569 Sage, hop.............20....2020202222200205- 241 Serviceberry.........-.....--------+-------- 49, 345 white... 2... eee eee eee eee ee B88 | SelATid.. 2... ooo cece eee cece eee e eee 106 Sagebrush. ........-.....-..-5.. 35, 36, 49, 586-590 | Sheep sorrel................2022222- 0002000 995 COMMON... .....2.-2.- 22-22 e eee eee ee eee 589 Shepherdia.......-. cece cece cece cee eeees 397 scabland....................0.222.22.0002- 589 | Shepherd’s purse. ..............--.-.--+---- 3038 Sagina.....................22222-2-2------5- 259 | Shooting star.........-......------2.-.- 62, 445-446 Sagittaria.. 2.00... .2 02.2 101 | Shore pine...........--02--2--02-000- ee eee 92 Salal. 2.2.22 e eee 41,47, 441 | Shrubs, Canadian zone.........-...--.--.- 59 Salicaceae.... 2.2... 2022. eee eee eee 211-217 Humid Transition. ...............-.-. 54, 55, ot) Salicornia.............020....2022.20.22222004- 240 Upper Sonoran......-.....-...-----.-- 39 ambigua................2.2.22.-------+- 45 Sibbaldia............2.....2...0.202000.5..- 340 Salix... 0... cece eee eee 211-217 | Sida... 2.2... eee eee eee eee 389 myrtilloides........ cee ceeceeeceeeceeeee 46 | Sidaleea............022.002 222 eee ee eee eee 388 scouleriana........2............-------- 41 | Sierras, northern, flora............-.......- 70 Salmon berry.....-.......-...----.-+-- 42, 47,333 | Sieversia............0000.00 220220002 344 Salsify.........00...0 0.222.222 e ee eee eee eee 539 Ciliata.. 2.2... eee eee ee 44 Salsola..........2..... 00022-2222 ee eee eee eee 240 | Silenaceae...............-----.---2----- 252-264 Salt grass................2-222------2-2-05--- 45,135 | Silene............. 2-2... 252-255 Salt marshes, vegetation................... 45 | Silybum..........-......-..-..---------.--- 609 Salviniaceae............ Lecce eee eee eee ceeeee 84 | Sisymbrium......................-------- 301-302 Sambucus.......-....-.-...---2-.--2+-20---- 530 | Sisyrinchium............. Lecce ee cece cess 203 callicarpa.........2.2....200. 200222 2 | Sitanion............... 0222202020000 22 eee eee 153-154 Sandalwood family.......................-- 223! Sitka spruce...........--2-.-.2-0--.2.----- 41, 46,95 Sandberg and Leiberg, botanical work in | Sium.............-.2.02-22 22-26-22 eeeeeeeee 430 Washington. ............ 0.022... eee ee eee 19 | Skulleap.........-..2-.- 220220000222 e ee eee 488 Sanguisorba.................-20...-222--0- 335 | Skunk cabbage. .................--..2--22-- 177 Sanicula.............--.....--2--0--02--- .... 414 | Skunk-weed............-2.-2.--22-2-0--00-+- 463 tripartita.......0.2....022.0.22220 0.22 613 | Smelowskia.......-......-2..-.0--0-- eee eee 300 Santalaceae............2.2.2. 0-220-202-2225 223 | Smilacina.........--....---+--- ceeeeeee 199, 200, 202 Saponarla......-.....22 02-22 cee eee ee ee eee 256 | Smith, Ernest C., botanical work in Wash- Sarcobatus.............222..02022222-200004 239 ington...........0020--02.-. 002022 18 vermiculatus............---2-.--------- 36 | Smooth wild oat... ............--222.2--..- 123 Saussurea.........0.....0..---------20---- 611 | ‘‘Snappers”’..........2....-22222222200-222-- 222 Savastana.............000.2. 20022. e eee ee 106 | Snowberry.............--.------------2----5 49 Sanifraga........2.22..022.00222022-2206-- 312-317 | Solanaceae...........--.-..--------------- 519-521 bracteosa leptopetala.................- 613 | Solanum...............-2....2-22--2-2-02---- 520 micropetala...........-....2-.2.2.05- 613 | Solidago..... Mewes ee ereresenteenetenncsees 561-563 fragosa leucandra............------.--- 613 | Sonchus...... 22.0... .02eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 549 INDEX. 635 Page. Page. Sonoran, Upper. (See Upper Sonoran.) Symphoricarpos.....-.....---.-+------++-++ 528 Sorrel, mountain...........---.------------ 224 raceMosus........----------+---++-+++-- 49 sheep.....----.-------22-2-2- 2-22-2222 eee 225 | Syntherisma...............-2..-.--------+-+ 104 Sow thistle.................---2.---------05- 549 | Synthyris.............---------------2 +e eee 504 Spalding, Henry, botanical collection. ..... 16 | pinnatifida tomentosa. .............---- 66 Sparganiaceae...........-.....---22 22-202 95 | reniformis.............-----------+-20++ 67 Sparganium.........-..-----------++-+-+--- 95 | Syringa..........-22220-02 22-222 eee eee eee 327 Spartina. ..........-..---------++---+-------- 145 | Spearmint.........-.-..---... 000-222-222 e- 492 | Talinum.................-----------------5- 247 Species, admission to present flora......... 5 | Tall meadow oatgrass.......-....---------- 121 limitation, author’s position.........-- 9 | Tanacetum.........---....-----.------------ 586 Specularia...........-----------2-+++--+---- 536 | Tansy, garden..........--- Leese ceeeeeeeee 586 Speedwell. .......--..2.-22---0---20- 2225+ 505-506 | Taraxacum..........--.--.-2-0--2-2-2- 2-02 545 Spergula.........-..--- cece eee cece eee eee 963 | Taraxia............2.-222---------- 2-2 e eee 405 Spergularia..........----2+-+2-0222e eee eee ee 263 | Tarweed............----------- eee eee ee eee 575-577 Sphaeraleea..........-----------++++-------- 389 | Taxaceae......-.-....---------2- +2222 - + eee 89 Sphaerostigma............----------++--- 405-406 | Taxus.......-.2.-.222220 22220-20222 e eee eee 89 Sphagnum bogs, vegetation............---- 46 | Tea, Labrador. ............-.-.------------- 441 Spike rush..........-----------+-----+-+-- 159-160 | Teasel............----2---- 222-22 - eee eee eee 535 Spiraea............---------- cee eee eee eeeee 330 | Tellima..............---.-.---------------5- 317 Spiranthes..........-2-----0202 202s eee eee ee 211 | Temperature, eastern Washington......-.-. 31 Spirodela.........------- +--+ 2-22-22 eee eee 177 | western Washington............---.--- 30 Spleenwort........------------+++-e+2+--- _ 80 | Tetradymia......-.....---------------+---- 590 Sporobolus. ......-.--.----+---+-2++++-+--- 112-113 | Teucrium..........--.-------------++-+-- 5+ 487 Spraguea........----..-------- 2222s e eee eee 951 | Thalesia............---....-----------2220-- 521 umbellata......--.---....2--2-----2505- 63 | Thalictrum..............-.-.-------------+- 268 Spruce, Douglas........-....------+--+-+-++- 94 | Thelypodium...........-.-------------+-00 298 Engelmann............-------+-------+- 58,95 | Thermopsis........-.-.--------+------------- 349 Sitka... 00.022 eee ee eee eee 41, 46,95 montana.........-...-------+----------- 66 Spurrey....-..-- 2-022-022-0222 eee eee eee eee 263 | Therofon.......-.---------------+ +--+ + 52+ 311 Squirrel tail...........-.-----------++-+---- 149 majus intermedium.......-....-....+.-- 66 St. Johnswort............--.-.------------- 390 | Thimble berry.............------------- 41, 51, 333 family. .........2-.2..2222025-0----5--5-- 300 | Thistle............-..-.--------- +--+ 2-2 + +e 609-611 Stachys......02...- 2-20-0222 eee ee eee eee eee 490 blessed.......2.--------- 200-2 eee eee eee 608 Stailtree family.................----------- 384 bull... 2.2... 2-2... 2-222 - eee 609-611 Star flower............-2..-2--------------- 447 Canada...........--2-----2-2- 0-2 eee 609 Statice.......2....2---- Lee eee ence ee ee eeeee 449 milk... 22.2.0 00000 -2e eee eee eee eee eee 609 Steironema.........--.-.---..-------------- 448 Russian..........--.....------ 2-2-2205 240 cillatum occidentale. ... . concen eee eee 614 SOW 2 cece cece eee eee eee ee eee eee eee eee 549 Stellaria......--.------.-2--------------+---- 257 | Thlaspi........---.--- coe eee cece eee eee eee ee 305 Stenanthium.................--..- Lecce eee 197 | Thornapple..........--------------+-++++---- 346 Stenotus 0.2.2.2. eee 560 | Thrift.............-.-----.------ 2-22 ee eee 449 Steptoe, definition of term...........-.....- 26) Thuja.........-..-.-- 2-2-2 esse eee ee ee eee e eee 91 Steptoe Butte, description................. 26 | plicata..........2.-0- 22-20 pees eee eee eee 71 Sticky laurel. .........---.-----------+2++--- 51 | Thysanocarpus... .......----------+--++-+-+- 306 Stipa... 222.0060. 2 eee eee ee eee eee ees _. 107-109 | Tiarella...........2---.-. 2222+ ee eee eee ee eee 317 Stonecrop.........---- +2. 220-20 eee eee ee eee 308 | Tillaeastrum.........-- cece eee ee eee eee eee 308 family ........-.-22.--.-0-2-2- 2-0-2 - eee 308-310 | Timber, distributional peculiarities........ 35 Strawberry......... ween cece e eee eeees 340 | Timothy...........--------------- +2222 2-25 lll Streptanthus.............-----------++++--- 206 | Tissa..........-------- 2-2 eee eee eee . 263 Streptopus..........-.-------.--- jcc eee eee 201 | Tobacco root........---------+-+------++- -. 532 Struthiopteris.............-.-..--------+-+- 79 | Tofieldia.................-.-.--------------- 196 Suaeda......--.. 0002222222220 2 eee eee eee 240 | Tolmie, botanical work in Washington..... 4 Subularia..............--.--22-.-----------+-- 303 | Tonella...........-------------2-2---- 2-220 496 Sugar bowls. .....-..-.------------------+-+ 266 | Townsendia......--...-.-....-2-----------5- 563 Sugar pine, discovery by Douglas.......... 13 | Torwodendron............----.--2-+2+---+--- 384 Suksdorf, W. N........--.----------22---+-- 6 | Tragopogon.............---------++++-+++-- 539 botanical work in Washington.......-- 18 | Transition floras, arid and humid com- Sumac... ......-22. 000-220-022 e eee eee eee 383 | pared........--...------- +2 ee eee eee eee 53-58 Sundew............------------- Lec eeeeeee 46,307 | Trautvetteria.............-.-.-.-------+--- 269 family .........-.....-----------0----5-- 307 | Trees, Canadian zone........-.------------- 59 Sunflower. ..............--2--------2+--2++5+ 48, 582 distributional peculiarities....-........ 35 black.....2.....--------------22--ee ee eee 49 humid transition, comparisons. ..... 53, 54, 55 Sunshine. Weather Bureau, statistics....... 29 | Upper Sonoran, list.-.---.----------+--- 38-39 © Sweet gale........0 22.2.2 ---- 22-222 eee eee 46,217 | Trefoil, yellow.........-.-...+------------ .. 863 family.......2...--------- lee e ee eee eee 217. Trichostema.........--...-----+---+---++-+--> 487 Sweet vernal grass..............--- Lecce 106 | Trientalis..........2.....-222220- 2022 ee ee eee 447 636 INDEX. Page. Page. Trifolium. .........2.....-....22--------6- 358-363 | Vetch................2.22222 eee ee eee eee eee 374 Triglochin...............2.2...2022--200---- 100 COMMON ...........----------- eee eee eee 375 maritimum..................-.2-------- 45 milk.......22....22---2-----22- 22 eee 367-374 Trillium... .......22.....22222-2.--2-2--2205-- 199 | Viburnum..............0.2....002.22.-2 2022 531 petiolatum.............2....222.....--- 49) Vicia... ee eee eee eee eee 374 Trisetum.......2.--.--0-0 0220.0 ee eee eee eee 124 washingtonensis. ..-.............-.-...- 613 Triticum... 2... 200 ee eee eee M9 | Vilfa.. lle een ee 112 Trollius.................----2 2202-2 - eee ee eee 277 | Viola..... 2... eee eee eee 391-395 TLOXLIMON. 2.2. ee eee eee eee 542 glabella.............-......22-2.......... 47 Tsuga.... 2... eee ee eee eee eee ee eee eee 4 langsdorfli...........-2.-..-.-2--.------ 47 mertensiana.........-.-..-..---.-2+---- 60 | Violaceae.............-.2..2.---22.-.--... 391-395 Tucker, Susan, botanical work in Washing- Violet.............222200000202022222202--- 391-395 10) 6 18 family. ...2.. 2.002220 20 220 eee eee eee 391-395 Tumbleweed. .............--.....-2--------- 244 | Vileckla... 22... 20.2. eee ee ee eee eee 489 Tumbling mustard..............2.-....-.--- 303 Tumip...........22....2.2-22 02 eee eee eee ee 301 | Wall barley............--2.2-.---2--2+------- 149 Turtlehead..............-.2--...20--------- 503 | Wake-robin............2......222....------- 198 Tweedy, Frank...........2.2...2---0-2----- 18 | Wapato.........00.....222.0. 222222 101 Typha... 2.2.2... eee eee eee eee eee eee 95 | Washington Forest Reserve, botanical col- Typhaceae............2-.0 2202-2 e eee eee eee 95 lection... 02.20.02... e eee ee eee eee eee eee 19 Washingtonia ...............222-2..2.....-.. 416 Ulex... 2.222 ee eee eee ee eee eee 358 | Water cress............--.-2----2--2+---2--- 296 Ulmaceae...... 2.2.2.2. eee eee ee eee eee ee eee 221 crowfoot..........2222.-2-22-222- 22222 -e 270 Unifolium...................-.2222-22.-2--- 200 hemlock... ........2-2.--202202200-2005- 426 Uplands, vegetation, ete............22..... 42 milfoil family. ...........22.0.....222- 411-412 Upper Sonoran life area.............-...... 35-40 parsley .............-22-2-22 2 eee ee eee ee 427 altitudinal limits.........2.2.2......... 36 plantain.............22-22.-2--22------- 100 temperature data............2...220..... 31 starwort family......2.2.....2.2..-...-- 382 Upper Sonoran flora, origin. ..............- 37-40 | Waterleaf........-..............2--- vee ee eee 468 species... 2.22.2... e eee eee eee eee eee ee 38-39 family.........-......22...2.--2---.2-- 467-472 Uropappus..... 2.2.2.2... 22.2 eee ee eee eee 539 | Waterlily family..............2.0222.00.022.. 264 Urtiea. 2... ec cee cece eee 991 | Watershield.......................--------- 264 Urticaceae. . 2.0.0 cece cece cece cccccccccccccee 991 | Waterweed..............-2--2.-22-22--2---- 101 Utricularia... 2.2.0... e eee ee eee c ec eeeee 593 | Waterwort family.........2..2.2.2.22222.2.-- 391 Watson, Sereno, botanical work in Wash- Vaccaria.......2..2. 2-2-2222 eee eee eee eee ee 256 ington..........- Le eee eee eee eee eee eee 19 Vacciniaceae..........--2-...----- ee eee eee 442-444 | Waxberry..........22...-0-22. 2222 e eee eee 528 Vaccinium. .......... 0.0.0 e eee cece ee ee eeeee 442-444 | Wenache Mountains and Mount Stuart, cespitosum.....-....2......2222.--20--- 49 botanical features, ete...-.......-.--...-- 68 macrophyllum....................22.... 57 | Western hemlock......... Lene cece eee eeeee 94 ovalifolium.........20..22002020.000.022.. 58 larch.......... 22222-2222 eee eee eee eee eee 58,93 ovatum.............2.22 2022222 e cece e eee 47 white pine. ...2.2......-------2-----22--- 91 parvifolium................2...22222.0.. 47 a 89 Vagnera... 2.2.2.2 -- 22 eee eee eee eee 199 Wheat bunchgrass.................-------- 146 Valerian family...................2....... 582-535 QIASS. 2... eee ee ee 146-149 Valeriana.........-....2.022.-202222-- 202 eee 532 | Wheeler, C. F........-......-----.2.-------- 6 Valerianaceae...........2.....2---2222202- 582-585 Whipplea.....-............---2.-..2--2---..- 327 Valerianella......................--...... 583-535 | White fir..............02....022......02-. 42, 58,94 Vallisneriaceae............-.....-22--.----- 101 | White pine, western.......................- 58 Vancouver, Fort, botanical collections . .... 16 | White-bark pine.............-.--++++----5-- a Vancouver Strip, application of name...... 40 | Whited, Kirk........--.-....---...--------- 6 = comparison of flora..................--. 53,54 | botanical work............2.2.....--.-- 19 Vancouveria.........-...--22-. 2 eee eee eeee 993 | Wight, W. F....... 2.222.222.2222. e ee eee 6 Vanilla grass......2......22222..22-22.-220- 106 | Wilkes, Commodore, northwest expedition. 15 SC 983 | Wilkes Expedition, lack of specimens... -.- 5 Vasey, George R., botanical work in Wash- | Willow.............2..2---22------- 46, 49, 211-217 ington... 2.2.2... 222220022 eee ee eee eee 18 family. .... 220.0... 22220-00222 e eee eee 211-217 Velvet grass... 2... .22.2.0. 20202 c cece eee eee 121 herb. .......-.......--.--------------- 399-405 Venus’s looking-glass..............----.---- 536 Scouler............------- 20-20-22 eee eee 41, 42 Veratrum.......... 222.2202 e ee cece ee ee eee 196 | Winds, chinook, ete.............-.........- 32 Verbascum........---2..22--22 220 e eee eee eee 494 | Winter fat.............-.....--------------- 241 Verbena.....-.-.-.------ 20-2 eee eee eee eee ee 519 | Witehes-brooms.............-----+---------- 222 family...........-....2-222222002222200- 519 | Wokas...................-...-.--22--------- 264 Verbenaceae...........2.0...222202 2022 ee eee 519 | Wood fern............---...2-222.022------- 81 Veronica... 2.20.2... eee eee eee cence eee 505-506 Tush... 2. ......0..2-22..- 2222 eee eee eee 184-186 INDEX. 637 Page. | Page. Woodsia.........02-.--0--22 eee eee eee eee ees 82 | Yellow dock............--.2.ceeeeeeeeeee eee 225 Woodwardia... 2... .....2.....0..00002 200 79 | Yellow pine..............-. coe ceeeeeeeeeees 92 Woolly larch..........-.--.-----.--------+-- 92 | forests. ......--222.----0 0220000 e ee eee 50-51, 58 Wormwood..........-----------+-- ceeeeee 586-590 | Yerba buena............2.-2.2--20--22--205- 493 Wyeth, collection of plants on Flathead | Yew family ........-...-----------2---+--+-- 89 River. .......---.--------- 2-22 eee eee eee 14 western. ...........---------2----------- 89 Wyethia.............2-22.22----2---- 2-222 -- 581 | | Zannichellia........-..-----------++---- ++ -e- 99 Nanthium...........-.--------------------- 550 | Zizia............2--2 2-22 eee eee eee eee eee eee 427 Xerophyllum..............-.-------+-+----- 197 | Zonal distribution of plants in Washington. 33-65 tenaxX... 2.222... eee ee eee eee ee eee 60 | Zones, life, North American, scheme....... 34 | Zostera... 2.2.2.2 eee ee eee cece ee eee eee ee 99 Yellow cedar........-----0--ee22eeee eee eee OL Zygadenus.............0...00 cence eee eens 197 O