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BIOLOGIA
CENTRALI-AMERICANA.
INSECTA.
NEUROPTERA.
EPHEMERIDA.
BY
_ Tue Ruy. A. E, EATON, F.RS.
ODONATA.
BY
PHILIP P. CALVERT, Pu.D.
THSONIAH
FER? 1979
LIBRARIES
1892-1908.
CONTENTS.
InrRODUCTION TO THE Oponata*, witH Map No. 1
2
ErPHEMERIDZ .
ODONATA
” SUPPLEMENT .
InDEX . .-.-
PLaTEs.
* (That for the Ephemeride is given on p. 1,.—Eb.]
a2
Page
411
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
THE sources of the Odonate material treated in this Volume are shown by
Taste A.—ALPHABETICAL List, By CoUNTRIES, OF THE LOCALITIES IN WHICH
THE ODONATA WERE COLLECTED.
This list gives the State, Territory or Department, and the temperature zone in which each locality is
situated, the approximate altitude in both metres and feet, the name of the collector, the date at which the
collection was made, and any pertinent remarks.
mean annual temperature of more than 30° C, (86° F.), II. of 30°-25° C. (86°-77° F.), III. of 25°-20° C.
(77°-68° F.), IV. of 20°-15° C, (68°-59° F.), V. of 15°-10° CO. (59°-50° F.), VI. of less than 10° ©. (50° F.).
The extent of these zones is shown on Map No. 1, the explanation of which indicates the data on which
it is based. The altitudes have been taken from Mr. H. 8S. Gannett’s “ List of Altitudes in Mexico, Central
and South America” (Bull. Internat. Bureau Amer. Repub. xvii. no. 3, Sept. 1904), from data supplied by
collectors, and from other special sources mentioned under each country.
The temperature zones are denoted as follows:—I. Zone of
Special sources for the altitudes here given have been the lists by Drs, Felix and Lenk (Boletin Soc. Geog. y Estadist. Rep.
Mex. iii, 1894), Romero’s ‘Geographical and Statistical Notes on Mexico’ (New York, 1898), La Comision Geogrdfico-
Exploradora for the State of Vera Cruz (Revista Soc. Cien. Antonio Alzate, xxiii. pp. 31-32, 1905), Dr. Sapper for Yucatan, &c.
(Petermann’s ‘ Mittheil.,’ Ergiinzungsband xxiv. no. 113, 1894, and xxvii. no. 127, 1899, and Boletin Inst. Geol. Mex. 1896).
Only two of the collectors quoted have published itineraries, J. F. McClendon (Ent. News, xvii. pp. 26-27, 1906) and
P. P. Calvert (J. c. xviii. pp. 2381-237, 1907). Notes in the “ Remarks” column quoted from “ Gadow ” are from Dr. Gadow’s
paper in Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, ii. pp. 196-199. A “C” after the name of a locality indicates that it has been
treated as falling in the central plateau.
MEXICO.
Altitude. |
. . Temp. : |
Locality. State or Territory. Zone Coilector. Date. Remarks,
" |Metres.| Feet. |
Acaguizotla ...........6:: eee Guerrero. III | 1067 | 3500 | Smith, H. H. Oct, 1888.
Acambaro ......cceccecee eee ee C| Guanajuato. IV | 1860 | 6100 | Rhoads, 8. N. ' Mar. 30, 1899.
Acaponeta ........:6e.csereeee ees Tepic. Il 90 | 300 | Eisen & Vaslit. _ Nov., 1894.
Acapulco .........: eerie Guerrero. IL 4 14 | Agassiz, A. | |
Wy tee ntbeeeeeeesee saan: » ve . ... | Hassler Exp. | Aug., 1872. Smithsonian Rep. 1872, p. 91. |
iiuartsteseeeeesesee: . ne Smith, H. H. “Sept., 1888.
to ett e ne ceee een eeeen ences ” tee White, C. H. _ April 17, 1891.
» deeeecneneeerecegeee nes ” ee ee ee eee ce seeeees | Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Agiabampo ..........eeeeeeeees Sonora. — lit te ... | (Batty, J. H. ?) |
Aguascalientes ..............- C} Aguascalientes. IV | 1884 | 6180 | Calvert, P. P. : Aug. 27, 1906. Odonata taken at ponds at the
public bath-house near the
Mexican Central R. R. Station,
and als) a little farther west-
ward, but on the eastern edge
of the town.
rrr errr C ” Deam, C. C. Dec. 7, 1898.
Terre C » Howard, L. O. Sept., 1901.
vi INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TABLE A (continued).
|
Altitude.
Locali -, | Temp. Dat R k
ocality. ‘State or Territory.) 76 Collector. ate. emarks.
| , (Metres. Feet.
MEXICO (cont.).
Ajusco, see Sierra de Ajusco.
Altamira .......cccccseceeererees Tamaulipas. ITI 14 45 | Hoag, M. E. Aug. 1, Sept. 10, 20,
1901; June 15-
| 30, July 15, 1903
Amatlan..........0.06.00 ceeeee ees Tepic. IIT 780 | 2560 | Batty, J. H. Jan. 18, 1905..-
Amecameca ............0.066 C! Mexico. V_ | 2500 | 8180 | Deam, C. C. Jan. 5, 1899,
fy tet eneteeeeonees CSC, vee wee ... | Godman, F. D. Feb. 1888.
Amula w.cccecceceececeeeseeeeeees Guerrero. 1V | 1830 , 6000 | Smith, H. H. Aug., Sept., 1888. | “Hamlet 8-10 miles east off
Omilteme, properly in the
plateau, hilly, forest-covered,
below the level of pines.” (H. H.
Smith in litt.)
Atlihuacan .......5 ce.ceseeee ee Puebla. we wee ... | de Saussure, H. 1854-5 *., Cited by Hagen, 1861.
ALOVAC oo. ce cence eee eees Vera Cruz. III 400 | 1814 | Schumann.
by ee een e eee eee eneeaeeenes ” ” we wee ... | Smith, H. H. April, May, 1888.
Balsas .........ce cece cena Guerrerv. ?I 480 | 1574 | Lutz, F. E. 1901. “Very mountainous; tropical
vegetation. High and low forest,
interspersed with much brush-
wood. The river, during the
rainy season, brings down floods
of yellow or brown water with
rather little sand, but muchj.
comminuted vegetable matter.
The bed is rocky, limestone, the
banks mostly steep, but there
are many sandy shelves above
the high-water mark.” (Gadow.)
See also Rio de las Balsas.
Barranca Blanca ............ ...4 Tepic. IIT 730 | 2400 | Eisen & Vaslit. Nov., 1894.
Bleados. Hacienda de ......... S. Luis Potosi. ses eos ... | Palmer. Oct. 1-3.
Bocas, Las........ Leta eeeeeenecees Durango. IV | 2070 | 6800 | Batty, J. H. Aug. 11, 12, 1903. | “A dry river-bottom on the Rio
Florida.” (Bull, Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist. xxii. p. 161, 1906.)
Cadereita .........ceceeceeeeeeees Nuevo Leon. vee wae ... | Couch. 1858.
Camaron oo... sce ee eeceeee eens Vera Cruz, Tit 340 | 1120 | (Smith, H. H. ?) June 16, 1888.
Campeche .........secceeeeeneeees Campeche, II wee ... | Dubose. L beeeeeees Teste Dr. F. Ris,
Castillo, El ..............-.6 C} Jalisco. IV | 1525 | 5000 | McClendon, J. F. June 24, July. 27, .
1903. .
Chapala........-..ceseeessesees Cc ” IV 1525 | 5000 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 30, 1906. - Odonata taken on lake-beach and
(Aishna luteipennis) in streets
of town.
Chapultepec ...........eeeeees C| Distrito Federal.| IV | 2320 | 7600 | Barrett, O. W. June 9, July 4, 1897.
ET erTrTrererrrtre Cc ” » te wee .. | Hay, R. H. July 5, 1901.
Chavarillo ...........s.sceeeeeeees Vera Cruz. Til 945 | 3100 | Barrett, O. W. April, 1899.
Chichen Itza.........sesecees eves Yucatan. Il ses .. | Cole, L. Jd. Feb. 14, Mar. 1,
1904.
Chihuahua (city) .........06 6 Chihuahua. IV | 1450 | 4750 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 16-18, 1906. | Odonata scarce (2 spp.).
rerrerrtee » wes we .. | Kerr, M.
Chilpancingo........--..+esseeee Guerrero. IIT | 1875 | 4500 | Smith, H. H. June, Aug., Sept.,) Alt. according tocollector; Romero
Oct., 1888. gives elevation of projected
R. R. Station as 1200 met.
(3937 feet). ‘‘In a wind-swept,
shallow depression of Cretaceous
terrain, surrounded by sparsely
wooded hills, and meadows on
the top of the ridge.” (Gadow.)
Cholula,....... 2... cess eee eee C; Puebla. IV | 2145 | 7040 | Deam, C. C. Jan. 1, 1899.
Coatepec ...scereseeeeeseeereeees Vera Cruz. IV_ | 1250 | 4100 | Barrett, O. W. July. On railroad south from Jalapa;
coffee.
Coatzacoalcos ........cseseceeee on II 2 6 | Deam, C. C. Tee. 18, 1898.
Cocula, Rio ........cceceeeee eens Guerrero. II | 450- | 1500-| Barrett, O. W. Dec., 1898.
600 | 2000
* The dates of de Saussure’s visit to Mexico are taken from the biographical notice in ‘ Revue Suisse de Zoologie,’ xiv. pp. 4-6 (1906).
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. Vu
TaBie A (continued).
Altitude. | |
I
Locality. State or Territory. vomp. Collector. Date. Remarks.
one. : . .
Metres.| Feet. | -
|
MEXICO (coxt.).
| Colima oo... ceecseesecesececennees Colima. TIT | 450 | 1475 | Goldsmith, P. H. . July 26-31, 1905.
Contreras .........ecsee esas C} Distrito Federal..; V | 2470 | 8090 | Barrett, O. W. Oct., 1898.
Cordoba......ccerecssesceesceeenes Vera Cruz. TII | 900 | 2950 » Jan, 27. “Dense tropical vegetation.”
(Gadow.)
ere re Terr er rrrerrere ”» oO” aes Howard, L. O. May, 1903.
1) tes eeeesenenevesenseessases » oo” ves Schaus, W. May.
er TTTTTTerTee seecscceecnces ” » wee wee ... | de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861,
Cuautla oo... seseceeereneecees .--| Morelos TIT | 1216 | 3990 | Tower, W. L. Aug. 2 & 20, 1903.
Cuernavaca ...,.eccccsecenverees ” III | 1525 | 5000 | Barrett, O. W. May, June, Sept.,| “Fertile valleys of volcanic and
Oct., 1897; May,| limestone terrain, with little
Aug., Sept., Nov.,| streams.” (Gadow.)
1898.
19 Ran see tee eeeeseeeees ” Boucard, A. csenseees Cited by de Selys.
” seek eseteeseacbesenes 9 Deam, C. C. Jan. 3, 4, 1899;
July 4-8, 1900.
1) het ee aes eweaeeeowees ” ses tes .. | Smith, H. H. June, 1888.
” beptaeeecesescesneees ” ITI- | 1460- | 4800- | Tower, W. L. July 31, Aug. 3-6,
IV | 2440 | 8000 1903.
Cuesta de Misantla ......... .»-| Vera Cruz. Las wee | eae | Trujillo,M, | see ne eee Atlantic slope.
Diente rerorcorcccsorscsecscesees Nuevo Leon. IV | 1220 | 4000 | Rhoads, 8S. N. April 26, 1899 ; Jan.) Near Monterey.
9, 1903.
Dos Arroyos ........seeeees seses.| Guerrero, II 300 | 1000 | Smith, H. H. Sept., Oct., 1888.
Dublan ............ceeceeee eens C| Hidalgo. IV | 2070 | 6800 | Barrett, O. W. June 10, 1897.
Durango (City) .........eeeee C| Durango. IV | 1890 | 6200 ” Oct.
Hiscuinapa .........:essescessseres Sinaloa, II | 15-80 |50-100) Batty, J. H. June 7, 12, July 13,| “Long, flat plain covered mostly
Aug. 11, 1904. with thorny bushes, yuccas, and|
patches of high grass.” (Bull.
Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist. xxi.
p- 339, xxii. p. 192.)
Wislava ..sccescscecsceseesacees Ci Distrito Federal.; V | 2440 | 8000 | Barrett, O. W. Oct. 18, Nov. 2, 1898.
Frontera .ccccccccesccceesceeeees Tabasco. II ose ... | Smith, H. H. | Jan., 1888.
PTET rrrerrereeerset tree ” wes wee ... | Westcott, O. 8. July 14-21, 1904.
Fuente ...ccccccscececeeseecveees Coahuila. III 282 | 760 | caceerves | were nee Near Saltillo.
Guadalajara ............:..066 C| Jalisco. IV | 1548 | 5060 | Goldsmith, P. H. Aug. 9-16, 1905.
rererrrrrererrrrry Cc C*,, ses ses ... | McClendon, J. F. June 22-Sept. 21,| ‘Insects collected in the ravine
1903. of the Santiago and in some
deserted parks.” (McClendon.)
3p een eee tereeeee C ” wee see Schumann. July.
ty eee teen eer eeeees CC, wee we ... | Tower, W. L. Sept. 11, 12, 1908.
Guadalupe ..........26-.e00 C| Distrito Federal. | IV 2195 | 7200 | Hay, R. H. July 4, 1901.
errr rrerrrerer » C ” » wee wee ... | Tower, W. L. July 29, Sept. 1, 4.
1908. .
Guanajuato .........ceeeee ees C| Guanajuato. IV_ | 2060 | 6760 | Dugés, A. \
| Guzman oe eesesseveceeeceeees C; Chihuahua. IV | 1340*) 4400 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 6, 7, 1906. Odonata taken along small stream
(outlet of a spring or well)
flowing into lake near R. R.
Station ; country largely desert,
lake permanent, its banks ande-
site lava.
Hermosillo ......2....ceeeeeeeee Sonora. Ill | 236 75 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 11, 1906, Very hot, Rio Sonora almost
entirely dry; only one species
of Odonata seen.
Huastec (? Huastepec)......... ? Oaxaca. de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861. This is
probably the locality cited by
de Saussure in his Recherch.
Zool, dans Mex. Amér. Centr,
Orthopt. p. 404, as “les mon-
tagnes tempérées de la Huas-
teca.” But where are these
; “ montagnes ” ?
Huatusco. .occsesssccescsseneeeees Vera Cruz. IV_ | 1350 | 4430 | Heyde. ;
Tguiale ....cessceeseceseceneneenes Guerrero. if 719 | 2360 | Barrett, O. W. Sept., 1898. “In a wide plain, surrounded by
limestone hills, with scanty
vegetation.” (Gadow.)
* Hovey gives the elevation of Guzman as 1190 m. (Bull. Amer. Mus, Nat. Hist. xxiii. 1907, map, fig. 2).
Vill
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TaBLe A (continued).
Altitude,
Locality. State or Territory. emp. . Collector. Date. Remarks.
*|Metres.| Feet. |
MEXICO (cont.).
Isthmus of Tehuantepec ...... Oaxaca. II Sumichrast, F. E. Sept., 1868-Sept., | Sumichrast’s Odonata. in the
1872. M. C. Z. are simply labelled
“Tsthmus of Tehuantepec, F.
Sumichrast,” without particular
locality or date. Presumably
they were gathered at. the same
.. time as his birds, listed by
Lawrence (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.
no. 4, 1876), where some 18
localities, chiefly on the western
side of the Isthmus, are men-
tioned. ‘Western slope ...
without continuous
forests, but with more scattered
atches of mostly deciduous
Tzamal .....ececeeceee eee ee eee e ees Yucatan. It wee ... | Gaumer, G. F, trees.” (Gadow.) .
Jalapa .....ecccceeeeeeee cree Vera Cruz. IV | 1340 | 4400 | Barrett, O. W. April, Aug.,
Dee. 22, 1898.
jo teeta a cee eee eee s ee eeeen eres ” ” va. | Calvert, P. P. Sept. 10-12, 1906. | Odonata taken along stream flow-
ing through city, chiefly just
above the mill-dam, and in
woods south. of city.
jo teas eee ee eee eeeeenee nen es ” % Godman, F. D. Nov., 1887.
yo tet ee een eeeeas teens neon ees ” ” Hay, R. H. Aug. 18, 1901. ;
J) tant eset ene eeenen o seeeee ” ” Hoege, C. F. 1879-1880, 1885- | Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. 1897,
1886. p: 161.
J) tanec eee eceeeeeeeeseueeeees yoo” ves ... | Rhoads, 8S. N. Mar. 22, 1899.
” aac c cece cent een eer enteweee ny: ” wee nee eee Trujillo, M.
Tojutla ..cccecccscceeeseeseeeereee , Morelos. III 890 | 2920 | Barrett, O. W. Nov. 15, 16, 1898.
Joya, La occ ceeceeeeeereeeees S. Luis Potosi, IV | 1463 | 4800 | Hoag, M. E. Aug. 10, 1903.
Juanacatlan ........0...e eee C} Jalisco. ves bes ... | McClendon, J. F. July 22, 31, 1903.
Lam pazZ8 ....eccecceeeerecen eee Nuevo Leon. IIt 300.; 980 | Deam, C. C. July 11, 1900.
Linares .........ceeceeeeeeeees sees » TIT 363 | 1190 | Barrett, O. W. July. .
Lumija oo... ee ceee eens Chiapas. TIT? |... ... | Westcott, O. 8. July 23-Aug. 4, | On Rio Grijalva, 200 miles from
; 1904. Bay of Campeche (Westcott i
liti.).
Matamoros .......02.ecesee eves Puebla. TIL | 1448 | 4787 | Barrett, O. W. June.
by tet ttdeeeeeeeeeneeess Tamaulipas. lil 40 | 180) Dr. Berlandier & | —— cescseee Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Lt Couch.
Mazatlan ........cceseseeeeeeeees Sinaloa. II 4 13 | Crotch, G. R. Oct., 1873.
” Presidio de ......... ” bes ... | Forrer, A.
Medellin ........cce seeeeeeeeeee Vera Cruz. III 50 | 170 | Smith, H. H. Jan., 1888.
Merida .........seeceevoeeeeeoeees Yucatan. II 9 30
Mexico (City)......se.ceeeeeeee C| Distrito Federal. | IV | 2240 | 7350 | Barrett, O. W. June, July, Sept.,
1897.
jo teeta testes seeeee Cc ” » w. =| Deam, C. C, Dee. 15, 1898;
July 1, 1900.
fo ee teas teeeaeeee C » ” ve Forrer, A.
yy tae tees eaeaeeees C ” ” bes Godman, F. D.
by banner ce eeaeeeeeeees ” ” ves Rogers, G. O. 1890.
jy tne tangas eee eneees ” ” ves Schumann. June 21, 1888.
Wa tata eteeaeeeeee sree ” ” wee wee ... | Smith, H. H. May, 1888.
Misantla ........ccceeeeeeeeee ees Vera Oruz, lil 410 | 1344 | Godman, F. D. March, 1888.
Mitla ......cecceseceeecceceeerers Oaxaca. IV | 1646 | 5400 | Deam, C. C. June 27, 1900.
Monclova .......ccceeseeeeeeeeees Coahuila. TII | 588 | 19380 | Palmer. (Aug., 1880 ?) Cf. 13th Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard.
. 68, 69.
Montemorclos ...........0.004 Nuevo Leon. Ill ves ... | Barrett, O. W. April. PP
Monterey ... ....c.ceceeeeeeee ene ” Til 495 | 1625 | Barrett, O. W. July.
jy teed ceeeeeeeeeeeeeuenes » ” see a ... | Rhoads, 8. N. April 25, 1899.
Morelia ......... wectenceeeseees C! Michoacan. IV | 1890 | 6200 | Godman, F. D.
J) teen ene ete ee erence ees ” wes we ... | de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Nepantla .........sseeeeeee eee C| Mexico IV | 1966 | 6450 | Barrett, O. W. Nov. 22.
Nogales .......sececseseeeserseeees Sonora, IV | 1178 | 3850 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 12, 1906, Odonata taken at very small cow-
pond at south end of town,
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NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
MAP No. I.
Map showing the distribution of actual mean annual temperatures in Mexico and Central America.
This map, having been specially prepared for this work, requires some explanation. It is based on data
from the following sources :—
For the United States, Prof. A. J. Henry’s “The Climatology of the United States” (Bulletin Q, U.S.
Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C., 1906. 4to).
For Mewxico.—1. A map, 97 x 71:5 cm., in the library of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,
inscribed merely “Carta Climatologica, Sebastian Reyes. P. J. Senties. A. Donamette Imp. Escala de
1: 3,000,000. Gravée chez Monrocq fr. Paris.” Thanks to the Secretaria de Estado y del Despacho de
Fomento Colonizacion e Industria of Mexico, I am informed, under date of July 30, 1907, “ que dicha Carta fué
publicada en 1889 por disposicion de esta Secretaria, haciendo los trabajos relativos los Sres. Pedro J. Senties,
que era Director de la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura y Comisionado de México en Ja Exposicion de Paris
del mismo afio y Sebastian Reyes que fué Profesor del Plantel antes mencionado.” This map was reproduced
without alteration, but on a reduced scale (1: 6,000,000), in Tomo XI, Anales del Ministerio de Fomento de
la Republica Mexicana, Mexico, 1898,
2, A map entitled ‘* Reparticion de la Temperatura en la Reptblica Mexicana ” for the “ Afio Meteoroldégico
de 1902,” published as Plancha 16, Boletin Mensuel Observatorio Meteorolégico-Magnetico Central de México,
Noviembre, 1902. Sefior Don Manuel E. Pastrana, Director of the Observatorio, has kindly informed me that
the maps for later years have not yet been published.
3. I have modified both maps considerably in accordance with a number of temperature data for 70
stations in the State of Vera Cruz and 49 in other parts of Mexico, gathered from all accessible sources (in
the libraries of Philadelphia and that of the U.S. Weather Bureau in Washington), chief among which are
the Boletin Mensuel above quoted, the publications of Sefores Moreno y Anda and Gomez and of Sejor J.
Guzman, the ‘Monthly Weather Review’ (Washington, D.C.), the ‘ Meteorologische Zeitschrift,’ various
Mexican journals, &c.*
4. The topography of the country, as given in the map issued by the Bureau of American Republics,
Washington, D.C., 1902, and in the authorities cited for Table A in the Introduction of this work, has also
been taken into account, since the present map is designed to show the actual distribution of temperature in
the sense of the last map of plate 6 of Bartholomew’s ‘ Physical Atlas,’ vol. iii. Meteorology, and of the
explanation of that plate. The limits of the central plateau are taken from the map published in ‘ Boletin
Mensuel,’ Observat. Meteor. Magnet. Centr. Mex. for July, 1901. I assume no responsibility for the political
boundaries shown.
It should be added that the existence of Zone I, with a mean annual temperature of more than 30° C., rests
solely on the authority of the map of Senties and Reyes, that it is doubted by Sefior Pastrana, and that I
have not succeeded in finding any published records of temperature observations in the valley of the Rio de
las Balsas for a period of more than two months.
For Central America, I have drawn especially upon the observations published by Dr. Karl Sapper and
others for Guatemala, chiefly in the ‘ Meteorologische Zeitschrift,’ and by Senor H. Pittier de Fahega for
Costa Rica in the same and other journals, particularly those issued under the auspices of the Museo Nacional
and Instituto Fisico-Geografico de Costa Rica. The data for Guatemala and Costa Rica indicate that in those
countries the annual isotherms of 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, and 5° C. are situated approximately at elevations of
270, 1160, 2050, 2950, and 3840 metres respectively. The present map, so far as Central America is
concerned, has been made from the topographical maps of Dr. Sapper (Petermann’s ‘ Mittheilungen,’ 1. 1904,
Ergiinzungsband xxvii. 1899, and Heft 151, 1905; and ‘ Mittelamerikanische Reisen und Studien,’ Braun-
schweig, 1902) and of the Bureau of American Republics by using these equivalents.
PHILIP P. CALVERT.
Philadelphia, November 1908.
* The collection of mean annual temperatures in Mexico and Central America made for this map has been
published in the ‘Monthly Weather Review,’ vol. xxxvi. no. 4, pp. 93-97, April, 1908. Issued June 16, 1908.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. 1X
TaBLe A (continued).
Altitude.
Lovality. State or Territory. Temp. Collector. Date. Remarks,
one.
Metres.| Feet.
MEXICO (cont.),
Nuevo Laredo .............00008 Tamaulipas. TIT | 186 | 425 | Barrett, O. W. July.
Oaxaca City .....cccccceceeeeees Oaxaca. III | 1545 ; 5070 | Deam, OC. C, June 26-28, 1900.
” 3) tte ceenenseecereenees » see vee ..- | Howard, L. O. May, 1903.
Ocotlan ......cccccececeseeeeees C! Jalisco. IV | 1524 | 5000 | Oalvert, P. P. Aug. 29, 30, Sept. 1,, Odonata taken along edge of
- 1906. swamp between Rio Lerma and
Lake Chapala, and at Mexican
Centr. R. R. Station.
Omealea .....cceseeeesceseeeeees Vera Cruz. TI ve ... | Trujillo, M.
Omnilteme .........ceceeceeeeen eee Guerrero, IV | 2438 | 8000 | Smith, H. H. July, Aug., 1888. | 8-10 miles about west of Chil-
pancingo, in the pine - forest
in valley between mountains.
(H. H. S. tn ditt.) Cf Gadow,
Le ;
Orizaba ..........cccce cee eeeeeees Vera Cruz. IV | 1228 | 4030 | Barrett, O. W. June,
9) tse vnceeeceecesceeeceneos * » we wee .- | Boucard, A. = = = | —_ senaeeees Cited by de Selys.
ds en ee dec cecverecoseseeessnes ” ” wee Elwes, H. J. March, 1888. “Valley with streams, pastures,
and rich vegetation, on alluvial
and _ hard-limestone terrain.”
(Gadow.)
fy teeta eae eeeeeeeeeenee veneer » ” Godman, F. D., & | Dee. 1887.
Smith, H. H.
jo ee eeneeceseneeaeceseeeanees ” ” see ves ... | Tower, W. L. Sept. 1, 1903.
Papachal ..........ceseeeeeeeeees Sinaloa. UI 180-| 600-) Batty, J. H. Dec. 9, 1908. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxi,
865 | 1200 p. 389, xxii. p. 193.
Patzcuaro ..........csseeeeeees C) Michoacan. IV | 2134 | 7000 | Deam. C. C. July 13, 1900.
9) tee tataeeeaeeenseeses C ” aes see ... | Rhoads, 8. N. April 7, 1899.
Pefion oo... scecscereeeeeee eens C| Distrito Federal. | IV | 2225 | 7300 | Barrett,O W. Oct. 27, 1898.
Pinos Altos .......c.ccseceseeees Chihuahua, Vv 2410 | 7900 | Hepburn, B. 5 teeeeeeee “‘ Heavy forests of hemlock charac-
terize the region.” (Hovey, Bull.
Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xxiii.
pp. 487, 401, & fig. 2, map.)
Plan del Rio.........cecee seeees Vera Cruz. IbI 316 | 1040 | Barrett, O. W. July.
POtrer0 .......ccceecee eset eee eens ses ves ... | de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Presidio .......0..cccecccesereeeees Vera Cruz. Til Barrett, O. W. June, July.
» (see Mazatlan). |
Puebla City ........ceeceeeees C; Puebla. IV_ | 2160 | 7100 | Richardson, W. 1889. | Biol. Centr.-Am., Moll. p. viii.
Puente de Ixtla..............06 Morelos. Til 900 | 2950 | Deam, C. C. July 2, 3, 1900. ' Pleasant, fertile, varied open
country, limestune terrain.”
(Gadow.)
Putla ........cccccsceeseeeeeeneeees rr re rr eer e re “Cote du Pacifique,” cited by
. de Selys.
Queretaro City .........ceeee C| Queretaro. IV | 1878 | 6160 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 28, 1906.
” yo see seeeeeeenees Cc ” ves wae .-- |Deam, C. C. Dee. 12, 1898. a
RinCon .........eceeeceeeeeseenees Guerrero. III 953 | 2800 | Smith, H. H. Oct., 1888. Collector’s figures for altitude ;
; Romero gives 670 m. = 2200 ft.
Rio de las Balsas ............06+ ” ?I wee ... | Barrett, O. W. Dee. 7, 1898. See also Balsas.
Rio Papagaio ........seeeeeeees ” II 385 | 1200 | Smith, H. H. Oct., 1888.
Rio Verde ...........-seeeeecenees (? 8. Luis Potosi.)} III 996 | 3270
Salina Cruz ......sscccceeeeeeees Oaxaca. II 2 7 | Deam, C. @. Dec. 21, 1898. “ Porphyritic terrain ; hilly, steep
coast-range, varied by promon-
tories and fresh- and salt-water
lagoons.” (Gadow.)
Saltillo .....-....ssseeeeeeeeeerees Coahuila. IV | 1600 | 5250 | Calvert, P. P. Sept. 22, 1906. Odonata taken at the Baiios de
. San Lazaro y la Asuncion on
the northern edge of the town;
also near river, by pools along
the railroad near the Panteon ;/
desert near at hand, Yucca and;
i Agave.
San Angel ........sssseceeees C| Distrito Federal.| IV | ... | Deam, O. C. July 9, 1900.
San Blas .......-.seeceeeeseeeees Tepic. IT | ... | Richardson, W.
PET reer ere ” vee | | Schumann. July. ; .
San José de Guaymas......... Sonora. WT | ' ... | Howard, L. O. April 10, 1898. |
San Lorenzo Cordova ......... Vera Cruz. III | | ... | Trujillo, M. June, July, 1889.
|
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1908.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
x
TaBLe A (continued).
Altitude.
Locality. State or Territory. ame. ; Collector. ‘Date. : | Remarks.
ne.
Metres.| Feet.
MEXICO (cont.).
San Luis Potosi ..........+- C! 8. Luis Potosi. - IV | 1792 | 5780 | Hoag, M. E. Sept ee ; Aug.
San Luis (? Potosi) .........6.+ ? ,, ” _ vee w. |Palmer. —- Sept., Oct.
San Marcos ........-ccceeeeesees | Jalisco. Til 985 | 3281 | Goldsmith, P. H. July 11-17, 1905. -
San Pedro .....,...sesseeeeees C; Coahuila. III | 1100 | 3600 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 22, 1906. Odonata taken at pond behind
Mex. Centr. R. R. Station; a
; ; cotton raising district.
Santa Ana ...c:ccceeecseeeeecenees Chihuahua, IV wes a. | Hepburn, B a Ss
Santa Fé v..ceceeseeeee ee eeeee C} Distrito Federal. vV 2558 | $890 | Barrett, O. W. Oct. 24, 1898. -,
Santa Maria ..........c.eeee0 C| Puebla. IV | 2145 | 6950 ” June.
Santa Rosa .......ceeeeceeeeeees Vera Cruz. III we ... | Schaus, W. April, Aug., 1906.
Santa Rosalia, Bafios de ... C) Chihuahua, IV | 1225 | 4020 | Calvert, P. P. Aug. 19, 20, 1906. | Odonata taken at a small swamp
and along the outflow from the
sulphur-baths; cotton raised in
vicinity. ,
Santiago Iscuintla .........06 Tepic. Til se ... | Schumann. - July. Formerly in Jalisco and so quoted
in the text, but the correction
has been made in the tables in
27 this Introduction.
Savana Grande..........ccceeees Guerrero. Jil 914 | 3000 | Smith, H. H. Oct., 1888.
Sayupa ..ccecccsserseceeeeereenees Durango. _ III 760 | 2500 | Batty, J. H. Nov. 20, 1903. On the Sinaloa boundary. (Bull.
“| . Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. .xxii.
; : ; . p. 161.)
Sierra de las Aguas Escon-, Guerrero. IV | 2184 | 7000 | Smith, H. H. July, 1888. 3 miles south of Omilteme,
didas, southern side. of mountain-
range, very damp, vegetation
luxuriant, (H. H. 8. i ditt.)
Sierra de Ajusco ......ceeceees Distrito Federal.| V | 2845 | 9300 | Hay, R. H. July 18, 1901. “Volcanic, well-wooded moun-
tains.” (Gadow.)
Sierra Madre.........-.s:essee0e Tepic. a eos ... | Richardson, W. 1889.
Sochitepec ........sceseeeeeeeeeeee Morelos. -JIL | 1220 | 4000 | Smith, H. H. June, 1888. -
Tabi ccecececcscsceccecseesentenees Yucatan. i 120 | 394|Godman, F.D. ~~ | Dece., 1887.
Vacuba ....ccccceeeseeseeeevees C} Distrito Federal. | IV | 2250 | 7880 | Barrett,O.W. - July 22, Sept., 1897.
Tacubaya ....ccccsececseeseres Cc ” ” IV | 2323 | 7620 ” July, Aug., Sept.,
. 1898; Apr., 1899.
Tampico ..rccesseceeceeeereerees Tamaulipas. TIT 10 30 | de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Tapachula .........cccceeeeeeeeees _ Chiapas. II 180 | 590 | Cook & Collins. May 4-9, 1902.
TOAPa ..cecceccesesceeeeeeeeeeteenes ; Tabasco. II ic. 250 ‘c. 820 | Smith, H. H. Jan.—Apr., 1888. :
| Tehuantepec ......:ecceeeeeeeeees Oaxaca. II 36 | 120 ; Deam, C. ©. a Dec, 22-23, 1898. | ‘Sandy, varied terrain.” (Gadow.)
See also Isthmus of Tehuan-
; ; tepec, .
Tekanto .....cccscssecvesseseeseees Yueatan. Il 18 43 | Exped. Acad. Nat. | Mar. 1, 1890. Flat, dry, low bushes; few large
Sci. Philad., : trees; insects scarce. (Baker,
Naturalist in Mex. p. 20.)
Temax ...ccceeeeee dec seeeeeeeeees » . II vee ... | Gaumer, G. F.
TenOsique .....cccecceeeeeeerenees Tabasco. ; If 60 | . 200 | Barrett, O. W.
Teocelo ......scscevrvessesreeetees Vera Cruz. {| IV | 1218.) 3995 » gasenenes | Terminus (1906) of R. R. running
, south from Jalapa.
Tepetlapa ........cceseeceeeeeee Guerrero. III | 914 | 3000 | Smith, H. H. Oct., 1888.
Tepic City ........:. eeeneees Tepic. III | 1086 | 3400 | Eisen & Vaslit. Oct., Nov., 1804. Proc, Calif, Acad, Sci. (8) Zool. i.
. 372.
jy gy nett abe eet teeeeaeeeeees ” Ili 900 | 2950 | Goldsmith, P. H. Aug. 22, 23, 1905. 7
ty gy tee e een eeaneeeseeneeees ” Tyee tee .. | Schumann. July.
TexolO ..cscesesceceeceecseceucees Vera Cruz. IV aes ... | Rhoads, 8. N. Mar. 1-21, 1899. Waterfalls near Xico; coffee.
Tierra Colorada ............56 Guerrero, III | 609 | 2000 | Smith, H. H. Oct., 1888. Collector’s figures for the alti-
tude; Romero gives 300 m, =
984 ft. for the projected R. R.
Station. ‘“990'; river valley,
' yoleanic. Andesite overlaid with
i, . red rubble.” (Gadow.) “
Tizapamd eeseeeeeeseeeeree ees C| Distrito Federal. '|- IV | 2286 | 7500 | Barrett, O. W. Aug., 1897; July 10, 4
1898.
Tlacotalpam ......ceceseeerereees Vera Cruz. II 35 ll ” July 29, 30, 1897.
{
INTRODUCTION TO. THE ODONATA.
TaBLE A (continued).
Altitude,
Locality. State or Territory. a Collector. Date. Remarks,
One. |r |
etres.| Feet.
MEXICO (cont.).
Tlalnepantila ..........00..2066 C| Distrito Federal. | IV | 2256 | 7400 | Barrett, O. W. June 25, Sept., 1897.
19 tee eseeeeaeeeenes C » ” tee wes ... | Tower, W. Eh. t Sept. 2, 1903.
Tlalpam .......ccccceceeeceeeeee C ” ” IV_ | 2320 | 7600 | Barrett, O. W. Sept., 1897.
tp tees eeteeeeeeceereeeetes C ” ” ses oes ... | Tower, W. L. Sept. 3, 1903.
Tools .occasesseseceeseccereenees Oaxaca. II 52 | 170 | Deam, C. C. Dec. 24, 1898. |
Toluca ....ccssseeceeeeeneeeees C} Mexico. V_ | 2620 | 8600 | Calvert, P. P. Sept. 19, 1906. ° Odonata taken around pools in
fields of agave and maize and
along edges of drainage-subsi-
dence field, all north of town.
TOrveon ..........0e2 ceeeeeeees C} Coahuila, IIT | 1180 | 3720 ” Aug. 21, 1906.
Trajos (or Trojes) del Oro ... ? ee tee ... | de Saussure, H. 1854-5. Cited by Hagen, 1861.
Txpan ....ccccescsccseesceeeneees Jalisco. IIE | 1000?/|3800?| McClendon, J. F. Sept. 3-5, 1903.
Tuxtla ...cceccccessecsereeeeeeees Vera Cruz. JI 60 200 | Barrett, O. W. Aug., 1897.
J) tat bedeeasceseeesateseeoees Guerrero. IV tee .. | Smith, H. H. Aug., 1888. Near Amula.
Druachic ......cccceceeeseseeeees Chihuahua, IV Hepburn, B.
Uruapan .......ccceceeeeaeeee C! Michoacan. IV Deam, C. C. July 11, 12, 1900.
ty tet eeeeeeeectnceeeees C ” aes Rhoads, 8. N. April 10-15, 1899.
Valladolid ............cceseeeeeees Yucatan. TE wes ... | Gaumer, G. F, ;
Venta de Zopilote...........0.. Guerrero. III 850 | 2800 | Smith, H. H. June, Sept., Oct., | Collector’s figures for altitude;
. Romero gives 760 m.=2500 ft.
for projected R. R. Station.
Venta, La ....cccccsssssesceveeees » II 91 | 300 0 Sept., 1888, On the road between Dos Arroyos
i and Acapulco (H. H.S8. é diz.).
Ventanas ......csccseeesseeeneeee Durango? III |. 609 | 2000 | Forrer, A.
Vera Cruz (city) .cscccccseereee Vera Cruz. Il 2 6 | Barrett, O. W. Jan. 15, 1899.
” 999 tenet aeeeeeeeen ” ” ws see ... | Smith, H. H. | April, 1888.
Victoria ......c.cseescseesceensenes Tamaulipas, III | 450 | 1470 | Barrett, O. W. April, July.
Mp tent ea tee neeeeseeae ventas ” wee . .. | Rhoads, 8. N. Jan., 1903,
XiCO sscsceecscosscseeeseeseevenees Vera Cruz. IV . ... | Barrett, O. W. May. On R. R. running south from
Jalapa.
bp tet ee ne en eee eeeeseee see senees ” » ‘Calvert, P. P. Sept. 13, 1906. Odonata taken near Texolo Falls
and in coffee-plantation.
Xucumanatlan .........ceeceeees Guerrero. IV | 2134 | 7000 | Smith, H. H. July, 1888. Small settlement 2 miles north of
Omilteme and essentially the
same (H. H. 8. a /itz.).
Yautepec ...c.cccsesssesscseeees Morelos, IIL | 1158 | 8800 | Barrett, O. W. April.
YUreCuaro ....ccccssscssceeeees C| Michoacan. IV | 15389 | 5050 | Calvert, P. P. Sept. 4, 1906. Odonata taken along ditches close
to Mex, Centr. R. R. Station.
ZapPOPan.......ssssecceseceeeeres C, Jalisco. IV | 1575 | 5170 | Tower, W. L. Sept. 11, 1903.
Zopilote, see Venta de Zopi-
lote.
(Not given) ...cccsccceeeeesseeee ? Deppe, F. 1824-27, 1828- | Cited by Hagen, 1861. Cf. Biol.
1837. Centr.-Amer., Moll. pp. vi-vii.
to ta ete eea ee eeneeeees 2 Uhde, ©. A. 1830-1845, Cited by Karsch, 1891. Cf Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Moll. p. vii.
BRITISH HONDURAS.
Belize......cccccssescececscsceseees| 0 ta eetenes II Blancaneaux, F. |
jp tet eencecenceneneee eos kesees] na eaeneee ves Miller, N. Jan. 9, 1905.
1) Obeeeeneereeswecensseerrecses| eoeeeeeee Williamson, E. B. | ” Collected along ditches and marshes
close to town; rainy, Odonata
not abundant.
Rio Hondo .ic..cscsscesseseees| | anes sveee II Blancaneaux.
Rio Sarstoon..........cccsseecces| te eeeeees IE. »
xi
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
Taste A (continued ).
Special sources for the elevations here given are Dr.
GUATEMALA.
Karl Sapper’s papers (Petermann’s ‘ Mittheil.,’ Ergiinzungsband xxiv.
no. 113, 1894, and xxvii. no, 127, 1899) and data furnished by the collectors. Of these latter, Messrs. G. C. Champion and E. B..
Williamson have each published their itineraries in ‘ Entomological News’ (vol. xviii. pp. 33-40, 1907, and vol. xvi. pp. 299-
306, 1905, respectively). Mr. Williamson’s narrative partly includes the itineraries of Messrs. Hine, Deam, and Miller also..
Mr. W. BR. Maxon has communicated some data by letter, and Mr. R. P. Currie has supplied a note on Cacao and Trece Aguas.
a
Altitude. |
Locality. . Department. moe , | 5 Collector.
Metres. Feet.
Aceitun0 .....csecccsssneeeeeeees Guatemala. IV ... | Champion.
Agua Caliente .....scssceeee Santa Rosa. IV | ... | ... | Hine, Williamson.
Amates, Los ......sscsescseeeeeee Izabal. I 77 | 252 | Deam, C.C.
” ee ” bled Hine, J. 8.
” t) 0 tet neeteeeeeeeeseceeed ” Miller, N.
” TTT ETE ee errr rere ” Williainson.
| . . .
| Amatitlan (Lago de)............ Amatitlan. IV | 1189 | 3900 | Hine, Williamson.
CACAO oo... ciccececeeceeeneeeeeeeenes Alta Vera Paz. III Barber, H. 8,
Wy tae eeteaeceeaescautenenseeeees os vee vee ... ' Lewton, F. L.
Cahabon........cecseseseeeeec eee ” » oo” TIE | 280 | - 918 , Champion.
' Cerro Zunil (Finca Las Nubes), Quezaltenango. IV | 1219 | 4000 ”
. Chacoj (La Hamaca) ......... Alta Vera Paz. II 152 | 500 | ”
Champerico ........cceceeeeeeeee Retalhuleu. IT 5| 19 ”
| Coban.....cseseeee eeteseeee eeeeeees Alta Vera Paz. IV | 1820 | 4829 settee
| Cubilguita ....... ccc cseeeeeeeecene » yo» iii 300 | 984 Champion.
| Duefias (Lago de)......s..04: _..| Sacatepequez. IV | 1454 | 4769 i
Escuintla ...cccssessesseeseeees Escuintla. III | 338 1108 | Deam, Hine.
jy ta neeteeeeeeeeeneeaes %» Williamson, A. &E. B.
| Fuerte de San Felipe... Izabal. Ii wes ... | Deam, Williamson.
Gunalan ...cccsccteceeeeeeesencees Zacapa. It 127 | 420 | Deam, C. C.
cece eect een e asset seneee ” vee eee eee Hine, d. 8.
7 Liuaneeaeeeteeeeecaeeeeeees . Williamson, A.& E. B.
. Guatemala City.........seecceeee Guatemala, IV | 1487 | 4878 | Champion.
I
| ” py tee eee eee eee ” Salvin, O.
| ” ty teat aaeaeeeenes ” | Williamson.
|
1
Daie.
April 9, 1879.
Feb. 9, 1905. °
Feb. 6-12, 1905.
Jan, 18-20, Feb. 20,
26-28, 1905.
Jan. 18, 1905.
Jan. 16-20, Feb. 13,
1905.
Feb. 6-8, 1905.
Mar. 24, 25, April
11, 12, 22, 19u6.
April 12, 20, 1906.
Feb. 13-23, 1880.
Aug. 20-Sept. 9,
Nov. 19-Dee. 14,
1880.
May 4-12, June 22,
23, 1880.
Oct. 20-22, 1880.
weer eetes
Mar. 10-20, 1880.
June 26-July 21,
1879.
Jan. 81, 1905.
Jan. 381-Feb. 4,
1905,
Feb. 15, 1905.
Jan. 16-20, 1905.
Jan. 11-15, 23, 1905.
Jan. 11-15, 21-24,
1905.
Mar. 21-Apr. 2,
Apr. 6-8, 10-16,
July 22-Aug. 17,
1879; Jan. 8-12,
14-18, 1880; Jan.
3-11, Mar. 17-
Apr. 3, 1881.
Jan, 30, 1905.
Remarks.
‘Cotfee-plantations, dense forest,
Humid, tropical; large bamboos,
Monaca palms; pine and oak
among the hills.
Collected at swamp near R, R.
buildings and along tributary
of Motagua River.
‘1245 m., Sapper, 1899.) Col-
lected along north and south
shores of lake; white water-
lilies and sedges.
A substation in the Finca Trece
Aguas, 24 hours’ ride from
Senahu and ‘about 4 hours’ ride
from Panzos. (Cf. Proc. Ent,
Soc. Wash. viii. p, 107, fig. 5.)
Second-growth woods.
above,
Polochie Valley. Tropical forest,
many palms,
Pacific coast.
Kriiger én litt.
Humid forest on hills; valley
and few trees.
Coffee, Opuntia. Valley between
the Volean de Fuego and the
Volcan de Agua.
Rich and beautiful country, varied
flora. -
Collected along a small stream
near town. .
Collected along Rio Dulce.
Cu. llected along Gualan River and
tributaries, in irrigated fields and
ditches ; vegetation not luxuriant,
becoming dry and leafless.
Open plains and deep barrancas,
scrub-oak and pine woods.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.. xiii
TaBLe A (continued).
| Altitude. 2
Locality. Department. | Temp. Collector. Date. Remarks.
one. ;
| Metres. Feet. |
GUATEMALA (conz.).
Laguna see eeeeeeeeseeeeeeeenasens Amatitlan. IV | 1182 ; 3877 | Maxon & Hay. { Mar. 10, 1905.
bese eeeeeeeeeeeons eeenenes ” bee te ... | Williamson. Feb. 6-8, 1905.
Lanquin, San Agustin ......... Alta Vera Paz. III {c. 880 (c. 1250) Champion, Feb. 12, 24-28, 18380. Second-growth woods and river-|
bank. |
Livingston ..... as eceessceeeteesacs Izabal. IL 10 30 | Deam, C. C. Feb. 16, 1905.
1) heat e ees eencenteteneeas ” wee . ... | Maxon & Hay. April 8, 1908.
1) eae eeeeeetaceeseaceesces » Williamson. Feb. 14-20, 1905, | Collected in immediate vicinity
of town and along left bank of
Rio Dulce and its tributaries.
be cececeecececcasaeenees > wee _ ... | Wilson, H. Feb.—Apr., 1885. . ne
Mazatenango see eceeee nee eeneeeees Suchitepequez. III | 365 | 1200 | Hine, Williamson. Feb. 3, 1905. Collected along stream east of town.
te eeee cea eeeeeseetaes ves we ... | Maxon & Hay. Feb. 10-18, 1995. | . ,
Morales sees, Izabal. II 39 | 128 | Hine, J.S. Mar. 8, 1905. On ‘the bank of the Rio Motagua.
1) beeeeateeeeceeeeeceeeseeees| — eeseeeees wee aes ... | Williamson, Feb. 13, 1905.
Paniina 00... eeceeeceeee ees Baja Vera Paz. ITI | 560 | 1836 Champion. Oct. 8-15, 1879; | Hot tributary valley of the Polo-
April 24-28, 1880. chic.
Pantaleon ..... .. ......5........| Escuintla. IilI 422 | 1385 ” Jan. 15—-Feb. 3, 1881. Sugar-cane and second growth.
PanzOs oo... eeeceeeceecseensenees Alta Vera Paz. II 35 | 110 ” May 19-22, 25-June| Polochic valley. Fine tropical
2, 1880. forests.
ParaisO ........cesecescanceceecees Retalhuleu. II 145 70 ” | Oct. 18, 19, 1880. | Scrubby woods, bamboo.
Pencajche (Panjaché i? re ? (Baja Vera Paz) III 810 | 2656 | Schumo, 8. C. Feb.
| Puerto Barrios ................2- Izabal. II 2| 65 | Deam, C. C. | Feb. 21-27, 1905.
» J) tea eeeeeees Seeeees ” ves see ... | Hine, J. 8. Mar. 4-13, 1905,
” 9) teeta eens eenteeens ” - Maxon & Hay. Dec. 28, 1904.
eet eeceeceeeceenes ” Williamson. Feb. 20, 1905.
Puerto de San Felipe (see
Fuerte de San Felipe). 4
Purulla ...cccccce ceeseeeeesceees Baja Vera Paz. IV_ | 1219 | 4000* | Champion. Oct. 2-5, 16, Nov.) Open; humid forest adjacent.
‘ 18, 14, 1879; .
Apr. 14-23, June
25-27, 1880.
Rancho, El .................... Jalapa. III 274 | 900 | Deam, CO. C. Jan. 14, 1905. Xerophytic plants.
J) tape eeescaeeeeeaeeens » a kes ... | Hine, Williamson. Jan. 25, 26, 1905.
3) yaaa e eee ee ewe eeees ” _ wee ... | Maxon & Hay. April 4, 1905. .
Reposo, Elo... eeeee Quezaltenango. II 170-| 560-, Champion. Oct. 8-17, 23, 1880. | Second growth. Near Champerico.
243 | 800
Sabo ..ccecescscceecencseeseeseeses Baja Vera Paz. III 884 | 2900* » Oct. 6, 7, 1879; | Clearing in dense humid forest.
Apr. 29-May 2,
1880.
San Agustin ........... sees ?Solola | owe | ef ee | ce eeeeee | nwt ee Cited by de Selys for Epigomphus
; suboblusts.
Sanarate......cccccecscscsesaeceee Guatemala, III 860 | 2820 | Hine, Williamson. Jan.27, Feb.10,1905.
San Felipe..............::ccceeee Retalhuleu. IIL | 625 | 2050 | Maxon & Hay. | Feb. 22, 23, 1905. | (No? the sameas Fuerte [or Puerto]
de San Felipe, g. v.)
San Gerénimo .........s0ecee Baja Vera Paz. III | 900 | 2950* | Champion, -- Aug. 10-Sept. 9, 13-) Arid plain of Salama and adjacent
“ Oct. 1, 18-Nov. 3,, pine-clad slopes of the Chuacus
8-12, Dec. 9-28,) Mts. Small streams through
1879; Jan, 4-6, sugar-cane fields,
20-25, Mar. 26—
Apr. 13, June 28-
July 26, 1880.
San Isidr0.........ceceeeeceeeees Quezaltenango. IIf | 487 | 1600 ” Sept. 10-23, Dec. 15,| Second-growth woods.
1880.
San José ....ccceseeceeesecnee ees Escuintla. II 3 10 | Hine, Williamson. Feb. 4, 5, 1905. Odonata almost exclusively con-
fined to mangrove-swamp, just
back of beach and west of town.
$999 eee eetee ceneeseeeeeees ” see _ ... | Maxon & Hay. | Mar. 16, 17, 1905.
San Juan .......cccceeceee sence Alta Vera Paz III | 548 | 1800 | Champion. Nov. 24-30, 1879,;| Forests, cleared in places for
June 15-21, 1880.| _ coffee-planting. Above LaTinta.
Santa Lucia ...........0 1s: Escuintla. TII | 385 ; 1100 | Hine, Williamson. Jan, 31-Feb. 2,1905.| Collected about open places in
; ‘ woods, along roads, in banana-
fields, along river east, and
in ravine west, of town.
* Collector's figures; Sapper, //. cc., gives 1560 m, for Purula, 1800 m. for Sabo, and c, 990 m. for San Gerdnimo,
X1V INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TasLe A (continued).
Altitude.
Locality. Department. Temp. Collector. Date. Remarks,
* |Metres.| Feet.
GUATEMALA (coni.).
Santa Maria .......cccsseseceeees Escuintla. II 128 | 420 | Williamson. Feb. 4, 1905. Collected along river west of town.
San Tomas ....cccsscscceoeeenes Tzabal. II 0 ... | Deam, O. C. Feb, 21, 1905. -
Secanquim.........ssseseeeeeeeees Alta Vera Paz. III | 570 | 1869 | Maxon & Hay. Jan. 5, 11, 12, 1905.
Sections 5, 11, Ferro Carril| Izabal. II ees ... | Williamson. Feb. 13, 1905.
del Norte.
Section 138, ibid. ......... cecees ” II wee we ” Jan. 10, 1905. ;
Semahur .....esscsecssseseeeeeeees Alta Vera Paz. | III | 850 | 2800*| Champion. Noy. 17-23, 1879;) Humid forests cleared in places
June 3-14, 1880. for coffee-planting.
Sepacuite .........cccsesseeserene » os TII | 1020 | 3345 | Griggs, R. F. Mar. 16-20, 26, 27,
April, 1902.
reer rr erererierrerre » oN tn oes ... | Maxon & Hay. Jan, 2, 1905.
Teleman......c.ccccescteeereeeves yp oo” II 51 | 167 | Champion. May 13-18, 1880. | Tropical forests. Polochic valley.
Tinta, La ......cesceseeseceeeeees » oy 8 II 88 | 290 ” Now. 45, Dec. 1, 2,| Tropical vegetation. »
79.
TOCOY ...sscceeseeee seseeseereeeeee Baja Vera Paz. III | 609 | 2000 ” Noy. 4-6, 1879. Arid country.
Torola ..ccesisccccecceensceeeeees Escuintla, TII | 3805 | 1000 ” Feb. 16-18, Mar. 1-| Patches of forest.
8, 8-16, 1881.
Trece Aguas, Finca ............ Alta Vera Paz. IIt 870 | 2853 | Barber, H. 8. | Mar. 24, 1906. A large tract of land extending
from near Panzos on the east to
Senahu on the west.
” a ty tween eee eee re eee wes ... | Cook, O. F. April 22.
Tumbador, El ...........ceee00 | San Marcos. III 762 | 2500 | Champion. Oct po Nor. 7, | Second-growth woods.
Volcan de Atitlan (San Agus-| Solola. III | 760— | 2500- » Dec., 1880.
tin). 915 | 3000
” ” ” . ” wes eee ... | Salvin, O.
ZACRPA sececesecesseeeeceeeceeetee Zacapa. IT 183 | 602 Deam, Miller. Jan, 22-25, 1905. | Well-watered region.
Zapote c.sseccesceescesereeseeeees Escuintla, III | 720 | 2360 Champion. May 18- June 22,| On the forest-clad southern slope
1879. of the Volcan de Fuego.
Zunil, see Cerro Zunil.
HONDURAS.
The altitudes given are according to Sapper (Zeitschr. Ges. Erdkunde, Berlin, 1902, pp. 251 et seq.).
For collecting-notes, see Williamson, Ent. News, xvi. pp. 805-6.
Puerto Cortez ...ccccscccseesees Cortez.
” Perr rTerrrerererte ”
Ruatan Island ......ccc.cccceeee| ee eeee aes
San Pedro Sula ............0-. Cortez
2? ” oy er ”
” 39 [7 es ”
» 9 bo tate anes eee eens | ”
Truxillo ........cececeeeeeeeeeee ees | Colon
Chinandega ........ccscceeeeeees Chinandega,
Chontales ..........ccceeeeeeeeeee Chontales.
Granada,......cccsceeseoeeseeeeees Granada.
Managua ...cccececsseereeeecenes Managua.
Mosquito Shore
oor oevscsecenes
ees eevees
II
II
I
II
II
Il
I
I
... | Vogel, W. H.
... | Williamson, H. B.
to 200|to 656| Gaumer, G. F.
60 | 196 | Burrison, H. K.
. ... | Frihstorfer, H.
ees ... | Williamson, E. B.
. . Williamson, L., A.
25 82 | Townsend, C. H.
NICARAGUA.
57 | 187 | Baker, C. F.
ee . Janson, E.
52 |} 178 | Baker, C. F.
42; 140 | Chaves.
Shakspear.
Feb. 21, Mar. 2,
1905.
3886 ?
Feb, 22-28, 1905.
Jan. 19, 20, 31, Feb.
1, 1907.
1887.
Collected among Pontederia along
the wharf.
Of. Biol. Centr.-Am., Bot.iv.p. 111.
Collected along streams west, and
in ravine south, of town; Mo-
naca palms, coffee, bananas.
| Cited by Butler, Entom. xxxiii¥
p. 191 (1900).
Cited by Donovan (1834),
* Collector's figures; Sapper, 1899, gives 1000 m.
COSTA RICA.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. XV
TasLE A (continued).
|
Altitude. |
Locality. Departinent. ae: Collector, © Date. | Remarks,
one.
Metres.| Feet. |
| {
NICARAGUA (cont.).
5) 0) ees Chinandega. IT bee w= | McNeill. | ue
Rio Escondido ............0080+ Siquia. II vee ... | Richmond, C. W. J uly 22, Aug. 30, 50 miles from Blewfields ; Inter-
1892. | national Planting Company’s
| plantation, bananas, heavy tro-
pical forest in rear, through
opening in which flows a creek
to join the river. (Proc. U.S.
; Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 481.)
| Rio Machuca.................660 Chontales. II 20-150 70-500) Nichols, A. B. Oct. Cf. Rep. U.S. Isthmian Canal
[+ - Comm., 1904.
Special sources of information on altitudes and temperatures of Costa Rica have been the notes of the collectors cited and
various articles of Senor H. Pittier in ‘ Boletin del Instituto Fisico-Geogrdfico de Costa Rica,’ vols. i. & i1., in ‘ Anales’ of the
same, tomo ili., V1,
in Meteorol. Zeitschr. Bd. xiii. & xix., and, for his own collections in Southern Costa Rica in 1897, his
‘Informe sobre los trabajos practicados en el Instituto Fisico-Geogrdfico Nacional de Costa Rica durante el afo 1896-1897 y
presentado al Sefior Secretario de Estado en el despacho de Instruccién Publica’ (San José de Costa Rica, mpccexcvit).
| Azahar de Cartago seceeseeueeel | Cartago. IV | 1500 | 4920 | Underwood, C. F. May, 1903. |
| Bebedero ov........eeeeseeee eens ' Guanacaste. II 50 | 164 »
Bkistebu ............cceeeee ee eee : Puntarenas, IIL | 800- | 2624—| Pittier, H. Feb., 1897. In some places in the text. the
1000 | 3280 collector’s name has been erro-
| neously given as Biolley.
Boea de Limon ...........-s0.05 » II 250 | 820 Feb, 12, 1896.
| Cachi * .....ccecccccee rece eeeeees Cartago. TIL we ves Rogers, H. 1877. | Cf. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. ix.
wee eceeeeeeeeneeeeeee reer eees ” III | 1000 | 3280 Biolley, P May, 1905. :
Camino de la Palma ........ San José. IV | 1200- 3036 April, 1905. Between Guadalupe and El Alto.
1600 | 5248
Cafias Gordas .........seeeeeees Puntarenas. IV | 1200 | 3986 | Pittier, H. F eb 27 , Mar. 11,
‘ 1897.
Carrillo ........cceeee ce eee ee eees San José. Tit 3800 | 984 | Underwood, C, F. :
| Diquis Valley ..........:e Puntarenas. vee we ... | Pittier, H. Jan. 22, 1897. |
EESCaAZt Lec ceeecceceeeccereeeeenees ‘San José. IV. | 1200 | 3936 | Underwood, C, F. Oct., 19038.
Hsparta ......ceeeeeeee es see eeeenes , Puntarenas. II 50 | 164 | Biolley, P Jan., Feb. 1905; The elevation given is that of the
Feb., 1907. late Prof. Biolley. Gannett quotes
that of the town as 731 feet.
Guapiles........cceseeseeseseeevees San José. III 305 | 1000 | Crawford, J. C., Jr. Feb. 26, 1903.
Trazua ..ccececscosces ceteccateseeees Cartago. IV-V | 1829- | 6000-| Rogers, H. 1877. |
: 2134 | 7000 |
Juan Villas ...ccecsee cee ce eevee! ” III | 1040 | 3410 | Bruner, L. Mar. 18, 1902. |
errr re rrsrrerrrres ” tee wee .. | Cary, Merritt. Mar. 15-18, 22, 23,.
1902.
-| Monte Redondo ............5+. ? IV -| 1600 | 5250 | Underwood. C. F. Jan., 1903.
‘| Pacayas ........sceeceeesesen tes vee] ? ves wee ... | Werckele, C. |
Pacuare del Sur .......0..0.05 | Puntarenas. Iii 600 | 1968 | Pittier, H. Jan, 19, 1897. |
Pozo Azul de Pirris..........3. ' San José. II 96 | 315 | Underwood, C. F. May, June, 1902. |
Puntarenas .........0-ceeeeeeeee! _ Puntarenas. It 38 10 | seeeae eee May 17, 1871. i (Specimens in M. C. Z.)
sencsececausecenaaeel wee we ... | Biolley, P. Feb., 1907.
Parigtal ee San José. IV ve ... | Underwood, C. F. |
Quebrada del Cangrejal ...... Logs IIL | 600 | 1968 | Biovlley, P. April, 1906.
Quebrada del Java ............ | Puntarenas. wee aes ... | Pittier, H. Feb. 18, 1897.
Rio del Convento ..............+ | m kes wee wee ” Jan. 22, 1897.
Rio Jesus Maria ........-..6... ; Alajuela ............ II 200 | 656 | Biolley, P. Api 1905; Jan.,
i 1907. i
Bio Machuca.........ceceeeee eee! ” II-III] ... bes ” Jan., 1907. |
Rio Sucio ......... ceteteeeee ees ? IIL | 1000 | 3280 | Rogers, H. 1877. | Cf. Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, i. p. ix.
* Not Caché, as cited in various places in the text.
Xv1 ; INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.,
TaBLE A (continued).
Altitude.
Locality. Department. Temp. Collector. Date. Remarks.
* (Metres. Feet.
COSTA RICA (conz.).
San Carlos...........cccesessceees Alujuela. IT 160 | 525 | Schild & Burgdorf.
San Francisco ........ccccscecee| wee eee ees IV | 1875 | 4500 | Rogers, H.
San Francisco de Guadalupe .| San José. IV | 1188 | 3900
San Gabriel ...............0.0005 » wee eee .. | Tristan, J. BF. dec eeeses Near San José.
San José .....ccccccceeeeeeeecees 8 IV | 1160 | 3816 | Biolley, P. Mar., May, July,
Aug., Oct., 1905.
19g) haha e teneeececeeesences no oes wee Tristan, J. F.
to 47 ee eeeeaeeeeecescseecens so vee vee ... | Underwood,O.F. | Mar., 1903.
Santa Clara ..........ccccccecees ? II 200 | 656 | Alfaro, A.
» 1) tae easeeseerecececees ? ase eee ... | Tristan, J. F,
Santa Maria de Dota ......... San José. wes tee tes ” Jan., 1907.
Surubres .......cceceseeeeseeeees Alajuela, II 250 | 820 | Biolley, P.. Feb., 1905; Jan.,
July, 1906; Mar.,
1907.
Tablaz0 .........cccsscecsevceceees San José, IV | 1300-| 4264— » May, June, 1905.
1600 | 5248
Tarbaca * ........cccccceeseseeeee 8 IV | 1500 | 4920 | Underwood, C. F. Nov., 1902.
TUS ...cccececccccesceseceeeeseaes Cartago. Itt 750t| 2460 | Lankester, C. H. June, 1907.
Turrialba 20.0.0... cceeeeeeee » III | 500 | 1640 | Tristan, J. F.
PANAMA.
For Mr. G. C. Champion’s collecting-notes, see Ent. News, xviii. pp. 40-44 (1907).
Boquete ...seccesccsessscesveeceees Chiriqui. III | 1080 | 8550 | Champion. Aug. 9-11, 1881. South-eastern slope of Volcan de
iriqui.
Bugaba .. .....eccccecseeeeeceenes ” III 304 | 1000 ” Many dates between Forests: sugar-cane, maize, rice,
Oct. 21,1881, and) &e.
Mar. 11, 1883.
Chiriqui........cccescccseceeeees ve] wan tee eee tee Ribbe.
Chorrera, La..... .........ceee0 Panama. II Dolby-Tyler, Charles; April 1- May 15,| 20 miles west of Panama. Cited
H. 1898, by Kirby, 1899.
Colon oc. ee sec ceeeecsecesanceeeees Colon. II Howland, H. N, July.
Darien .......c cece ceeeeeeeeeees Panama. eee Festa. 1895. Cited by Martin, 1896.
David... ..cccccsecee cevecseeeeeees Chiriqui. II Champion. ’ Many dates between| Open savanas with scattered de-
Apr. 22,1881, and} ciduous trees.
Mar. 13, 1888.
Bureka ......ccceeeee ceceeee oes Chiriqui Grande, | II McKenney, R. E. B. |Dec. 18, 1906.
Bocas del Toro.
Long Point, Cafiaso Farm ...| Bocas del Toro. II 9 May 12, 1906. A little valley along the Cafaso
° River, among the foot-hills,
about 5 miles inland in an air-
line from Obiriqui Lagoon.
Matachin ..........ccsecceceeeees Panama. II 30 | 100 | Thieme, O. July, 1877. Cf. Rep. U.S. Isthmian Canal
Comm., 1904.
ODISPO oeeeeecsececsseseseeeeeees ” II 30 | 100 | Hassler Expedition. | July, 1872. Ibid. and Smithson. Rep. 1872,
. 91.
Taboga Island ...............068 ” II wes ... | Mathew, G. F. P
6) (ee Chiriqui. TIT | 350 | 1150 | Champion. Jan. 4-10, 19-22, Savanas, woods.
1883.
Volean de Chiriqui ... ....... ” IV | 1676 | 5500 ” June 6-8, 1882. Tense forests.
” ar TeerrerTree ” III | below} below ” »
1220 | 4000
* Cited as Sarbaca on p. 348.
+t Collector's figures ; the altitude is given as 2136 feet in ‘ Monthly Weather Review’ (Washington, D.C.) for March 1906, p. 156.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. XV1l
THE distribution of the Odonata is shown in Table B.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1908. ¢
XVill
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TasLeE B.—Systematic LIST AND
[Trinomials are here used to indicate subspecies, as that term is employed in the Code of Nomenclature of the American
saturata croceipennis, no. 203. “Var.” (=variety) is used to designate forms intergrading with the nomenclatorial type
are printed the names of the endemic species, &c.—i. ¢., those forms found in Mexico and Central America and which may
Northern America means all north of Central California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and (east of this last) of
Nearly all the material from Honduras is from Puerto Cortez and San Pedro Sula and is here grouped with Guatemala.
Table A; A, Atlantic slope; P, Pacific slope; C, Central Mexican plateau, as shown on Map No. 1. In some cases
species having been taken at Guadalajara itself or from some of the deep barrancas near by, such single records have
So 0 SVS Oty Ge be
Taxonomic Group. Page. Plate and Figure. Northern Mexico.
Catoprrrycins (4 gen.. 23 spp.). 19
Hetzrina fuscoguttata .................6. 20, 28, 342-3 Il. 33, 34 ns rrr
3 Cruentata ....... cece cc ee ects eee e eee, 21, 23, 343-3 IT. 31, 32; III. 19 bes TI-IV A (IVC?)
” vulnerata, ..........0.0eccccceeee ee ee ces ' 21, 24, 345 II. 80; III. 18 wes IVAC, IlI-IVP ;
” AMEPICANA o.oo. cee eee eee ee esse ees : 21-2, 26, 342, 345 II. 1-17 + III-IV A, IV ©, T1l~IV P
7 ~ BEMPYVONIA 2... eee eee eee | 21, 29 ve veeeees tes IIA
” rh (C10) C0) 21, 29, 345 Ill. 1, 20 + IIT AP
” 0 ee 21-2, 31, 842,345 | III. 2-15 a II-lIT A
” rc 21,388 2 § ae eaee ITP
” pilula.......... eee ncaa 21, 33 Il. 27, 35 ILA
” MACPOPUS...... 02. cee eee eeee eee eee eens 21,384,346 5 ee . IJ-IlJ A, 11 P
” Miniata ........... cece eee ee 21, 37, 343, 346 II. 22, 29 cee | tape ees
bs capitalis oo... eee ees 21, 22, 37, 342, 347 IT. 21, 28 rs reer rr
” MajUscula ........ ee eeeee eee ee ees 22, 38, 848 If. 23 es rrr
3 imfecta ......... cece eceec eee 22, 38, 848 IT. 18, 24 bes IA
” sro) A = L or: 22, 40, 343, 348 II. 19, 25 . IVA
» RD Ko b k- or 22, 40 | II. 20, 26 es ere
” MAXIMA ..... eee ee eee 22, 41 Fae aes ee errr
Calopteryx dimidiata ..............ceeee cece eee 41 | bee eenees rere
Amphipteryx agrioides ..............0..00.08. 42, 348 ITT. 23, 28-30 _ +
Cora marina ......... eee cece cece nee 43 IIT. 31, 3z . ITI-IV A
9» S@MIOPACA ....... ee cece cece neers 48,4500 fae seceesees
» CHITTIPAN 2.0... eee cece ee ee es B48 0 eee
» SKinner®di ....... cee ee ees 348,349 ee eee
Lestin# (2 gen., 7 spp.). 45
Archilestes grandis ............sccceececeeeeeee eae 46,850 4) aes + II-IVAP, IVC
Lestes alacer ...............ccccecee sete ee eee ee es 47, 48, 350 III. 26 _ IV A, IV-V ©, ITIP
” henshawi............c cece cece eects eeee ene eel 350 Ce es
» Simplex ........0. ee 47, 49 ITI. 24 IlI-1V P
” SIQMA oo... cece eee eee) 48, 49, 351 Ill, 33 IIIT A, TIP
” forficula ........ ccc cece cece cence eee eee eee 48, 50, 352 III. 25 | II-III A
» CENUALUS oo... cece eee cece ce ee ee eee eeeee sees 48,50,3882 | nn IIIA, II-III P
Acrionin& (24 gen., 112 spp. & var.). 51
Megaloprepus coerulatus ............c cee cree 61,8520 II-IlI A
Pseudostigma aberrans ...............4.. 58, 54, 352 III. 17 IL-IIL A
” accedens..................65. 54, 55, 352 III. 22 TILA
Mecistogaster ornatus ...............ceceeee seen 55,868 00 fn III-IV A, I1-III P
” Mcdestus ............::ceee eee: 55, 56,3854 6 TILA
” AMALIA eee e ee cece eee eee eee BOE
Thaumatcneura inopinata ............... 58, 854, 355 TE. 16,21,27 Jo eee
» pellucida ............... 854,856 00
Paraphlebia ZC@ ........e. eee 59,600 na TlI-IV A
" quinta oo... ee 59, 60 Ae
9 duodecima .................. 59, 60, 355 Vv. 2 eee
|
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. XIX
— DISTRIBUTION OF THE SPECIES.
Ornithologists’ Union (7. ¢, for geographical races intergrading with the nomenclatorial type of the species)—e. g., Libellula
_ of a species but not occupying a different geographical area—e. g., Ischnura ramburi, var. credula, no. 124. In antique type
extend also into California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, but not beyond, nor into the West Indies nor South America.
_ the 30th parallel; Mexico, as ordinarily understood, but excluding the peninsula of Yucatan (z. e, Campeche and Yucatan).
Salvador is omitted, as no material therefrom has been seen, or recorded in the literature. I-V, temperature zones, as in
_ the only record for a species as from the Mexican plateau is that of Guadalajara; since some doubt may exist as to the
_ been printed in italics, thus, JV C.]
DISTRIBUTION.
* Heterina tricolor occurs in British Guiana, teste J. S. Hine.
ce
Yucatan, | |
Campeche, Guatemala ; South | West Refer-
and and : Nicaragua. | Costa Rica. Panama. A out I die 7 Elsewhere. ence
British Honduras. | Aamerica.;i1 es No.
Honduras. | |
rn rrerrree IIP TIP | 1.
If IL-IV A, ITI-IV P. ‘ TII-IV A, IL-IVP III P + ? 2.
?II IVA - re | wes + Arizona. 3.
_ II-III A, III-IVP. vee nee, vee Lee | Texas, &e. 4.
en re errr + + 5.
II QU-NTA,TIP | ITP ITP wee +* ... | Texas. 6.
II TI-TlT A ee 0 Oe, rrr Lee .. | + | Texas, Florida. 7.
rr ren i re ILP + 8.
TTA 9.
II-IV A, IIIP IITA, TIP II P + Trinidad. 10.
ILA re + 11.
II-III A, ITIP | ITIAP III P + | 12.
beseeaees | III-IVA ses + | 13.
PTILA Iv | 14.
| 15.
IITA 16.
seceeeees IVA | 17.
? ee errr Le . Florida. 18.
ITI-IVA ee ree | + 19.
TTA : 20.
ceeeeeree eens IIIP 21,
se eeeeees IIIA 22,
se eeeeues IVA | 23.
TIIA IlI-IV A, IVP + pt Texas. 24,
TVA eee bes ee - Arizona, New Mexico, Texas. 25,
boven IVA i 26.
27.
kee eee — : Texas, 28.
bec | + + | Texas, 29,
viteeeees IlP eo + | 30.
|
II II-III A ITA | II-III A, P III P + 31.
ae II-III A, III P tee | JI P III P 32.
(“ Honduras”) wee 5 seaaeeeee + 33.
see II-III A, f1-IV P IIAP | IIP II-ITI P + 34.
II IT-IV A wes | II-IJI A III P 35.
rs rrr FL eeeeeee + en + 36.
deceeeees JILA + 37.
seeeeeeee WIA 38.
39.
o TIA | 40.
. ITL-IVA | Al.
‘ i | ' a
XX INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TABLE B
|
Refer- ; . Northern Toctae
ence. | Taxonomic Group. Page. Plate and Figure. America. | Mexico.
No. |
| | Paraphlebia abrogat | 365 |
42. | Paraphlebia abrogata ........... 0600. BBB eee re
: 43. Pr hyalina bececetaueceeserseeees: | 59, 61 estes | IVA, IIEP
44. |Philogenia championi ..................... 61 | V. 3,4 | nee
45, ” TOTTADA oo. cee c cece cece ees 356 | Vi 8D nn tte ee
46. : carrillica 0... 356 VIL. 6,7, 12 ree trees
47. Heteragrion tricellulare .................. 62, 63, 357 v.95 +
48. , MAJUS oes cee 62, 63 | V. 6 fees
49. " CHYYSUPS 2... eee cece teeeeeee 62, 63, 357 V.7 II-llLA
50. ” erythrogastrum............ 32,635,857 ete te nate
Hl. | Perilestes fragilis.............cc cece cece ees 4090 eee seneetaes
52. | Hyponeuralugens .........0...00cc ees 66,3858 eee Iv¢, Ii P
53. ” FUNCKI oo. e eee ec eee ee ees eseeenee ees 66,67 eee TIT AP, IVC
54. | Argia percellulata . ......0......0000..05 70, 72, 74 IV. 5, 27 JIitA
5d. » Calida ............00. Lbeveeteseeeues 70,758,361 hace e eee TILA
56. 4 Wilsomni ......0.... cee cee 70, 75 TV. 28,2839 fee nates .
dT. oy 6 00 =\-) (7; 70, 73, 76, 358, 360, 361 TV. 20, 29, 29 8 IITA, IVC
58. », translata ............ccc00 cece seseeene eens 70, 73, 76, 361 TV. 18, 30, 30s + II-IILA
59. a 1 -) 4 0) re 70, 73, 77, 862 LV. 19, 31, 31s I-IiIP
60. PR =) sg bc: 358, 360, 362 X. 3, 3s, 14 ee
61. » sedula .......... Lace eeceecaeceecensenseeeees 70, 74, 78, 358, 363 IV. 7, 82, 328 + III A, IIL-IV 0
62. yo BAUME|TI ooo. eee 358, 360, 363 VII. 41, 418; %.2,28,20 |. | cae ee ee es
63. a Le Le, re 70, 73, 79, 358, 360, 364 IV. 33, 33588; X. 6-8 IT A, IV 6, I-III P
64, » frequentula .........0..0... 358, 360, 365 IV. 388s; X. 9-11 IJ-Iit A, IP
65. yo HIME CA 0 eee eee 70, 73, 80, 859, 366 IV. 9, 34, 34s, 384i III-IV A, IIl Pe
66. yy AGAMSE oo... cee ceeeeeeeceeee seers 70, 80, 360, 367) IV.35,385a;X.5 | ke eee
67. yo OCU AGA Lecce cece cece eee eeneeeeees J 70, 73, 81, 367 IV. 11, 36, 86s, 86 i-i1 II-IVAP
68. » Rherberti oo... eee | 70, 82 IV. 37, 378 IVP
69. yy) POpoluca......... eee 70, 73, 82 IV. 8, 38, 88s ILA
70. » imdicatrix ......... eo! §=—70, 73, 82, 859, 868 IV. 23, 39, 89s ITA
71. » Togersi .......0...0000.. Lele eeee seceeeees 70, 83 IV.40,40s fon eee
72. ee 08101001: 73, 84, 3859, 369 IV. 15; VIIT. 42,428; X.4,48) 2.0 Fee
73. » underwoodi .................0.00. | 359, 360, 370 VIII. 36,387,878 fn eee
74, » johannella ..........00 ee. 359, 360, 370 K.12,128,19 | oo. fo cea e eee
75. » talamanca ............0.ccce. | 359, 871 VIIE. 34,3848 J one ae eee es
76. Pm 4 © ©) -\: 71, 78, 84, 371 IV. 22, 41, 41s IL-IVA
V7. ye CUPYAULEA ook ee eee eee eee eens | 71, 73, 85, 360, 371 TV.24,42 0 2 foe eee eee
78. py COTO eee ec eec ee eceeee cece tees eee ee ees | 41, 738, 85, 860, 872 TV. 10, 48, 44, 44s TII-IV A, ZV C, IL-IVP
79. » ds OVIChalc@a oo... eee ee ce ee cee eeee cee 71, 86 ee ee
80. » hharknessi...........000000.0......... 71, 74, 87, 560, 361, 372 | IV. 21, 45, 45i I-Il1 P
81. » Pipila oo... ccc ces 359, 360, 373 | X.16,168, 18 2) eee
82. yy BATTECH... eens 71, 87, 359 IV. 46, 46s IIA
83. » Chelata......... cece ences | 71, 88 IV.47,47 8 ae eee
84. 5 laerymans 0.0.0.0... cece | 71, 73, 88, 360 IV. 16, 49, 49s Ill A, LIT-IVP
85. yy CONTO oe ee ecceee. 71, 73, 89, 360, 378 IV. 17, 48, 48 s IVP
86. yo ASSO, eee cece ceeeeeteeeeeteectetteece 71,74, 89,874 | LV. 12, 50, 50s III-IV A, IVC, IILP
87. © Cv; 5 71, 74, 90 | IV. 138, 52, 52s Iv C, ITI P
88. » tarascana ......... ee. | 71, 74, 90, 874 TV. 14, 51-51 ss IV C, I11P
89. » wWaYiabilis .........0 ee © 71,73, 91, 860, 874 IV. 58, 54, 548; X. 21 A
90. » «= MeMullaris 2.0.0... cece eee ce eee eee: 71, 92, 360, 374 IV.6 0 eee
91. » Thoadsi............00.0..0.:cc cece cece eel 72, 92 | IV. 55, 558 TILA
92. yy OXETAMEA oo. cece eee cee eet e cnet ee ene: 72, 74, 92, 375 IV. 3, 4, 56-56 ii we | I-IV AP, IVC
93. go VIVE eee cee ca cece cceeceeceecuecueeees 72, 74, 94, 354, 861, 875 1V. 1, 2, 57-57 ss fo TII-IV A, 111 P
94. ; » Plana... 96 | LV. 58 | LV ©, IIT-IV P
95. % . Munda... 96,859 eee - JITA
96. » funebris ......0000 0 72, 97, 875 IV. 59 +
97. yo AMMuNA...0.. eee ee _ 92, 74, 97, 875 IV. 60, 608 III-IV A, Il-II1 P
98. 5, pocomana ................ | 32:9, 860, 875 X. 15, 158, 24 a
99. » Violacea pallens ...............00.... 72, 74, 98, 3876 TV. 25, 61, 61 IV C, W-IV P
100. wy ABTIOIdES 20.0... eee eeeceee ees 72, T4, 98 IV, 26, 62, 62s TIA
: 101. » ” nahuama .................. 72, 74, 99 IV. 62 ss | IV C, IIL P
102, | Argiallagma minutum ........ccs ce. | 376 | X. 35 | eee
103. | Hesperagrion hetercdoxum ............ | 103, 377 V. 11,12; VI. 1-6 ; (IV?) A, IVO, IILP
(continued).
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
XxXi
DISTRIBUTION.
Yucatan,
Campeche, |
and
British \
Honduras. |
Guatemala
and
Honduras.
Nicaragua.
Costa Rica.
Panama.
South
Almerica.
West
Indies.
Elsewhere.
II
iat
II
II
wee ec ene
went eeee
11 A, I-IV P
II-III A
A
TI-IiI A, I-IV P
ITA
IT A, 111 P
ee
II-Iit A, TIP
If A, TIP
an aeencce
oor eaenee
Oe ee
eeceocene
sae eee oe
ITI-IV AP
TIT P
IlIP
ILIV A, III P
eee ewcces
eer eaeene
er
eer eeceee
IIAP
IEP
vs
ede eeeeee
ILP
ene eens
peers seee
eee eroee
IIP
TILA, 11 P
II P
LIT A, ILI-IV P
IIP
WIA
JIT A, II-l1TP
eb ee cee
IlI-IV A, IVP
TTA, IVP
IVP
III-IV AP
Das vesnee
ITIP
+
TIP
T-1I P
Ii-HIP
ITP
ILP
+
+++
Arizona, New Mexico.
Arizona, Texas.
Texas.
Lower California.
Arizona, Texas,
Lower California.
Arizona.
California, Texas.
Arizona.
Arizona.
Texas.
Arizona.
California, Arizona, Texas.
Arizona.
Xx11
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TABLE B
Taxonomic Group.
Anisagrion allopterum .....................
” » var.? rubicundum
” truncatipenne ...............
” Laas 2... ..cccccccceseececeaceeeees
Enallagma Civile ..............cccecceeeececeeseecues
. PVEVALUM 22.0. cece ees ee cere
” semicirculare .....................
” coecum novee-hispanie ...............
» cultellatum —.......cec cess cess eeeeeees
Acauthagrion gracile .............cececceceseeeeeee
Telebasis collopistes ................0..0....
” eYiffinii ...0.
” fillola eee cece cease seen ees
” digiticollis .............
” isthmica ..........0.0.000ccc,
” SALVA ..... ccc cece cee eeeees |
Leptobasis vacillans.........0.......c.ccccceeeee eee
» » var. atrodorsum ......,
Metaleptobasis bovilla ..............0...... |
Ischnura ramburi ......... 0. ccc eceeeeeecececeees
” » vwar.ecredula ............ceee |
” denticollis .....0.000
” Gemorsa oo... cece cee eceeeeceeneeeeees |
Anomalagrion hastatum ...........0........000000. |
Ceratura capreola ..........eeeeeccececeeeneeeeeeae!
Palemnema desiderata ...........00.00.4;
” paulina ........0.....
” angelina.....................005 |
” nathalia ..........c cece eee ee, |
” Gomina ...........cceceseeceees
Neoneura amelia .....................00:0cceee
» PAYA oe ccccceeeeeeenees
Protoneura peramans ...........0.0.......
” cupida .......00 ee.
” amatoria .......0.000.
; aurantiaca .......0000.00000....
” oF i
” Corculum ......0..0 ee
” TEMISSA 22.0... cece cece sees
Gompuin# (5 gen., 28 spp. & subspp.).
Progomphus zonatus ......0... ce.
» Clendoni.............. ee!
” obscurus borealis ..............
” BMLUSE 20... eee eee
Gomphoides volsella ............000000.0....
” elongata ............0000....
” protracta ......... 0.
” ambigua ................0.005:
” ODSCUTA ........ cece eee eee
» SUASA ..... cece cee eee eel
” » pacifica ........00000.
” bifasciata .......0..0.0000008
Erpetogomphus eutainia ..................
” viperinus ...............
” elaps .......... ee.
» ophibolus ...............
9 cophias ........00.000....
” crotalinus ...............
” boa oo. ee!
” Sipedon .....00.....000...
Northern
Page. Plate and Figure. America Mexico.
105, 378 V. 14, 18 ow. P
105,378 | anaes —- P
105, 106, 378 V.17; X. 46 ee ee
105, 106, 879 V. 15, 19 | . EVAR IV
107,108,110,880 | aaa | - IL
(Oa TAL, 380 beveeeens oe IlI-IV A, IVC, II-IVP
108, 112, 381 v.13 a, III-IV A, II-III P
381 (108,112) feet Oo. II-IV A, I-III P
380, 381 X. 36, 37 ee ee
115, 382 2 ee II-IV A, P
116, 383 V. 27, 28 i ILA
116, 117, 383 V. 31, 32 . ILA
116, 118, 383 V. 33, 34 TILA
116, 118, 384 V. 21; X. 39, 40 -_ ILA
116, 118, 385 V. 29, 30 rs re
116,119,885 ees Foo. | I-IV AP,IVO
120, 385 V. 22-25 Poot II-III A, ITP
Woe 03 foe | ILA, II1P
386 VII. 21- Be aaa eee
122, 123,124,887 | ace oy II-III A, 1V 0, ILP
122,123,125,887 | ee [owe II-III A P, IV-VC
122, 123,126,887 | ees i IV A, IV-V C, IITP
123, 128, 390 V.35 — IV A, IV-V C, IL-IVP
130,390} hae + II-Ill AP, IVC
131, 390 V. 26 Po ILIV A
134, 185 V. 39 | IITA
134, 136 Vv. 40 | III A
134, 136, 392 VI.7 | | Til A
134, 136 Vv. 41 | Lue eevee
134, 137 Vv. 42 | IP
137, 188, 392, 393 V. 36; VL. 8; X. 25-26 | IIA
392, 393 X. 27, 38 | beceeeees
140, 141, 395 V. 48, 49 Fae
140, 142, 394, 395 V. 46, 47 Fae
394, 395 X. 49-52 | beceeeeee
140, 143, 394, 396 V. 44 II-III A
140, 143 V. 38, 45; VI.9 LIIP
395, 396 X. 41-44 es ee
141, 144, 397 V. 43; X. 45 i ILA
|
|
146 | |
148, 150 VII. 1-3 hou. | III P
149, 150 VII. 8, 9 ———- Ill P
149,151,398 6 ce + Ivo
149, 151 VIL 4,4a vee Naas
154, 156, 398
154, 155, 156
154, 155, 157
154, 155, 157, 398
158
154, 155, 158
154, 155, 158
155, 156, 159
160, 162
160, 161, 163
160, 161, 163, 398
160, 163
160, 161, 164, 398
160, 161, 165, 399
160, 165, 399
161, 165, 399
VII. 15, 16
Vil. 17, 18
wae eeeee
VIT. 24, 27, 39
VIL 5, 5a, 48
VIL. 44; X. 30-34
VII. 30-82, 46
VII. 28, 33, 45; X. 47
X. 58, 54
VII. 34, 40, 42
ITA
Ill A, ZV C, II-III P
II-III A
IIAP, IVC
IITA P
IV @C, II-III P
ITP
ITP
IIt-IV A, II-III P
IV AO, IIT P
JIT A
III-IV P
IV ©, III-IV P
A
IV C, IiI-Iv P
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. XX1li
(continued).
DISTRIBUTION.
_ : ,
Yucatan, |
Campeche, | Guatemala South | West Refer-
and and Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Panama. A out I die Elsewhere. ence
British Honduras, merica./ 2 N101e8. No.
Honduras.
| + III-IV A, IVP 104.
IVP IJI A, IV P 105,
II-III P | 106,
+ 107.
_ IVAP ere + + | California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas. 108.
?Il IVA ee wee --- | California, Arizona, New Mexico. We
| .
_ II-III A, IJ-IV P | | III A, IEP a + ves Lower California. J11,
II ITA, IVP | ce eeeeees ILA wes + 112,
a II-IV A, III P II-IV P see + 113.
| A 114,
ILA baa wees + 115,
II A, ITI-IV P wee eeeees + + 116,
ILA | 117.
ee ne | IIP ILA 118,
II II-III A, III P vee ILP IIA ... | California, Arizona, Texas, 119,
II IIAP ITAP | aie. wee + 120. |
rs re rs errr 4 121.
see IIA ILA 122.
II ILA . . +4 + | Texas, Florida. 123.
II IIl-IV AP IIP i _ 4 | California, Florida, Bahamas. 124.
rr rrr bes Le bes ... | California, Arizona. 125.
re ere bes _ wes ... | Arizona, New Mexico. 126.
II II-III A, IVP _ wee + + | Texas, Florida, Galapagos. 127.
II Il A, IJ-IV P ILA IIP + + + 8.
29,
(“‘ Honduras ”) 130.
ITI P (? IT A) 131.
ee rrr + + 132.
1383,
II-III A ITP 134.
IIA 135.
TILA 136.
ITA | 1387.
ILA 138.
TTA fe eee ee | ? 139.
140.
IIA 141.
ILA | 142.
|
| |
| 148.
144. |
re we | California, Arizona. 145. ,
WA 0 eens | | 146. |
| 147. |
148.
a Texas. 149.
III P 150.
rr TIP 151.
se teeeees IVP 152.
153.
a ILP 154.
: | 155.
IIT AP 156.
III A | IVP | 157.
158.
159.
; 160.
161.
| 162. :
XX1V INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TABLE B
{
Refer-
eee Taxonomic Group. Page. Plate and Figure. Northern Mexico.
163. | Erpetogomphus designatus .................00000. 160, 162,166,890 | sae + HIT AC
164. ” menetriesii .................. V8 0 pees rs or
165. | Cyanogomphus (?) tumens. ............... 169 VII. 11, lla, 41 TILA
166. | Bpigomphus camelus..................0..08 170, 172 VII I-38 ke eee
167. ” quadracies .................. 170, 171, 172 VIL 36; VITIE.4,5 Jo. foe.
168. ” verticicornis ............... cr re
169. » tumefactus ...............600 171, 172 VIOWL.6.7 ae aaa
170. » subobtusus .................. 171, 172, 399 VIL. 37; VIIL. 8, 9 +
CorDULEGASTERIN (1 gen., 2 spp.). 172
171. | Cordulegaster diadema ..................... TS eee IVAC, IIIP
172. ” godmamni..................0. VB °° 0 fee eee IVP
Aisuninz (6 gen., 23 spp.). 174
173. | Anax longipes ..........ccccccece cece sce eeeeeeeenees 176 VIII. 10 + IV AP
174. gy AMNAZILL eke cece cece e cee eceeeaeaeees V6, UT eae Lee IIT P
175. gy QUNIUS Loc eeeeeeeee eee eeeeeees 176, 177, 399 + Iil-IV ACP
176. », Walsinghami ...........eccccecseceeseeeeeeees V6,U78 acne rr re
177. | Staurophlebia reticulata ............0 ce eeeeeeeees oY rr wee besseeeee
178. | Adshna cornigera ...........c.cccceccsceeeceseeecees 179,182,400 | ae ae ses III-IV A, IV 0, IIIP
179. POS 0000000) Ce) 180,188,400 | eee + ILII-IV A P, IV-V ©
180. » Gugesi ..... Leet eeeeencesencenetensuuentees 180, 184 VIII. 11, 12 _ IVC
181. » Wwilliamsoniana ............00.0.... 180, 185 VIII. 18, 14, 19 weet IIT P
182. PE) <3 6 45 a0): 181, 186 VITI. 15, 16 _ IEP
188. » _ luteipennis ...............ccceseeeceese sees 181,186,400 | aaa i IV AO, ITIP
184, gy UMQONS oe ee cee ec se neeeteneeeeeeenes sR) oY A + | eee
185. ” VIPONS ooo cc cece cece cesecececcceceseeeees 182, 187 VIII. 17,18 ? TI-ITI A
186. PX 0 50 -) ¢: ro 182,188 face eee a Ii-IIt A, IT P
187. py POLTONSE oe eee cee sence ee eeeeneaes 182, 188 VIII. 26, 27 _ TILA
188. | Gynacantha trifida .............0..cccc ccc ceee sees 189, 191 VIII. 28, 29 ves TIIA
189. 7 BEPtiMa eee eee eeceenee ee eee eee: 190, 191 VIII. 20, 21 bes ITA
190. ” MEXICANA 0.0... e ee ccesceeeecceceeeeees 190, 192 VIIT. 22, 23 Lee A
191. ” NELVOSA oo. eee ecececeeceececeensceces 190,198 5 eee ee IVC
192. ” tibiata occ ecec eee eeeeeaenes 190, 194, 400 VIII. 24, 25; X. 17 bes TI-ITIi A
198. » membramalis ...............eceeeeeee 190, 194 VIII. 30, 31 cee | enews
194. | Oplonzschna armata !............0..0.00008. 195 VIII. 32, 33 bee Iii-IV P
195. | Episeschna heros «2.2.0.0... ccecceeeeeeee ceees WO eee + +
CorpuLin& (1 gen., 1 sp.). 197
196. | Macromia sp. ..... co... ceceecee ees eeeeceeeenceeees TOT eee eee IITA
LisE..vine (28 gen., 97 spp. &c.). 198
197. | Plathemis subornata ............ccce cece eees eee eee 205,401 fees + Ivo
198. | Libellula auripennis = .................ccceeeeeee ees 206,208 faeces + IT-lIT A
199. ” COMANCHE ........ ccc eceee eevee eer eeseaees 40 eee + IVC
200. ” foliata oo... cece cseeee rere es 207,208 | eee vee +
201. ” herculea oo... cece cece eeceeeee eee ees 207,209 fence bee Til A
202. py) SAGUTALA ke ec eeecesetseeeseneees 207,210,405 | eae + |ILI-IV A, IVC, IlI-Iv P
203. ” ” croceipennis .............00665 207,212, | eae see III-IV A, II-III P
204. - NOdisticta .........c cece cece eens ee eee 207,218 6 cee + IV-VC,IVP
205. ” luctuosa oo. cceeccccccececeeeseeeeeese 218,401 | eee + IVCOP
206. | Pseudoleon superbus ...................0.06- Qh wee IIJ-IV A, II-III P
207. | Ephidatia longipes cubensis ..................... 216 IX. 1-5 IITA
208. | Uracis imbuta 20.0.0... 0... cece cccceccesccceceeeucs 217, 218, 402 IX. 6 IIP
209. » fastigiata 0.0... eee cceceeeececeeees 217, 219, 402 IX. 7,8 +
210. | Tholymis citrina ..............cccceceeeeenececeeee 220 IX. 9-11 TTA
211. | Micrathyria didyma .......... eee eec cece 221, 223, 402 1X. 12 IJ-IlT A P,IVOC
212. » CS 221, 225 IX. 13-15 PITA
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA. XXV
(continued).
DISTRIBUTION.
Yucatan,
Campeche Guatemala Refer-
, . . South | West
and and Nicaragua, Costa Rica. Panama, . f Elsewhere, ence
British Honduras. € America.) Indies, No.
Honduras.
ee we Texas. 163.
i rrr ? 164.
165.
beveeeces TILA 166.
TTP fk eae eae + 167.
re TILA 168.
seeeeeees TILA 169,
IlI-IV A ITI-IV A 170.
ee Arizona, 171,
IVA IVA 172.
wee rer er bee + +. | Florida. 173.
III A vee TILA ves + + [China, &c.| 174.
see seeaee vee + be ses + | Texas, Florida, Bermudas, Hawaiian Is., 175.
+ rs errr bee bes .. | California, Arizona. 176.
wee ( Honduras ”) TTA | aaeeeeaee + + 177.
TI III A, ITI-IV P wes IVA ses + Lower California. 178.
vee WIA IVA ITIP vee California, Arizona, N. Mexico. 179.
180.
181.
ee bes + 182.
TILA TIT A, IVP wes + ... | Lower California, 183.
er + a + | Florida. 184,
5 + + + | Trinidad. 185.
aes TIA ae ee eee a + + 186.
a vas + 187.
ILA TA _ + + | California, Florida. 188,
TITAP | oak eee ITA * “+ + 189,
TTA fk eee tas +f 190.
TIIP + ITA + + | California, Florida. 191.
TITAP fake eee Til P + 192.
a + “+ 193.
IVA oak eee wes wee Arizona. 194,
ee . wee Texas, Florida. 195.
196.
rs es ... | California, Arizona, N. Mexico, Texas. 197.
rr + | Texas, Florida. 198.
re ... | California, Texas. 199.
wes IVAP IVA 200.
II III-IV A, III P TILA P + + . 201.
a Le _ ... | California, Arizona. 202.
+ TIIA,IVP ; ? ... | Lower California, Texas. 203.
rer | ? ... | California. 204.
beceeeuee vee beceeeees vee ... | New Mexico, Texas. 205.
IL-III A re ree te ... | Lower California, Arizona. 206.
ILA ree Lee ? + 207.
II-lIT AP _ ITIP TL A, IY-ITIP “b + 208.
ITA + ITP Ili P + 209.
bee ITA cee | eee eae + + + ; 210.
Il TI-ITI A ITIP | -_ + + | Lower California. 211.
wee A,WIIP | kee | + 212.
* Since the printing of the Supplement, I have received, from Dr. R. E. B. McKenney, a male of Gynacantha septima which
he took at “8 p.at. on door of house, Eureka, District of Chiriqui Grande, Province of Bocas del Toro, Panama, Dec. 13, 1906.”
+ G. mexicana is represented by specimens from Ecuador captured by Prof. F. Campos R,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1908.
d
XXV1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TABLE B
Refer- . ‘Northern .
ence Taxonomic Group. Page. Plate and Figure. America. Mexico.
No.
213. | Micrathyria bagenti sescseesesntsesse 222,225, 402 Tone A
215. i. ocellata oe... .eeeeseeceesecesseeeees 222, 226 __ EX. 22,23 1 ira
216. » sehumanni oo... 293, 227, 402 VIII. 39, 40; IX. 24 C, IIT-TV P
217, yy paqualis voces desensevseesees 293,228,402 | eee wes Ii-1I1 A P, IV ¢
218. GODS eee eeeccecesceeseeseeseeeeeaes 223, 229 IX. 25-27 IL-HIA, IVC
219. OXIA .o..ceeee eee eeeceeeseeseneceeeees 223, 230, 403 ra ze) tetterees
220. | Nephepeltia phryne...............ccecccceceeeeeeees 230, 281 A. ol _ Tinttes
321, | Ortheis ferrugimea 232, 234, 403 sete I-IV A P, III-IV 0
222, » —— BIOTLE Yi. cece eee 233, 237, 40 a
223. 7 levis ns 233, 238 1X. 38, 39 HT A, W-IITP
224. ” CultrifOrmis 2.0.0.0... .cec eee ecc eee ee ees 234,239 teen te nas tenes
225. | Cannaphila angustipennis ....................0055 239, 241, 403 vent ete a Ir A, lV
226 VEDOK eee eeceeeceeeeeseseeneeeesees | 239, 243 VILL. 35 “ HI-IV A
227. | Anatya normalis ............00:0cc oe ceceeeees 244,215,408 haces vee Til AP
228. py guttata le eeceseessecesssneeeeers | 244, 245 ve IITA
229. | Erythrodiplax funerea .................... 248, 249,408 wet eees IIT A, IVC, H-TTP
230. » umbrata oo... eee 248,251,404 heen ns a+ IJ-IV A, II-ITI P
231, » OChracea .....e..eeeeeeseeeees 248, 255, 404 IX. 40 —— II-Iil A, JV ¢, IP.
232 ” erichsoni? ...........0.0.0ee 248, 256 TX.42 00 ef dante eee
233. * unimaculata .................. 249,258 fee fee ance eee -
» Connata 0... eeeeecee eee 249, 259,267,404 hacen [11-IV A, IVC, TiI-Iv P]
934. » nn 7) 2 o eee 259,260 0 ace fae ees
234 » » gy C caeeenceeecees 259, 260,404 6 anes HI-IIlA
236. a ” | a 259, 260,404 keene ees ILIV A
237. ” ” Pn err 259, 261, 404 IX. 41 II-III A
238 ” » nt 259,263 haa enna es wee IVC,IVP
239, » rn re rrree 259,264,404 | hae eae ees wee JI A, IV C, ITI-IVP
240, ” » ae | 259,265,404 kanes ses IVAC
241. . tr anes 259,266,404 ecaeees ve IV C, IIL-IV P
242 » minuscula ...............00e eee 249,267 eee Se rrerrrer
248. » berenice ..........ccce eee. 249,268 ha eee eee + Til A, ITP
244, ” ” NEVA oo... eee 249,270 eee eee wee $a vee
245. | Dythemis velox ........cecececccecececeeseeeeeeees 272,405 eee _ If-IV A, IV O, I-l1IP
246, - IMAYVA .0. oer ccc ccc ce eeeteesceeee! 272, 275, 405 VIII. 45 | IY C, WIIP
247. ” Cannacrioides .......0....cecceceee cee ees 272, 276, 405 VITE. 43,44; X18 Fk fee
248. | Brechmorhoga vivax .................0.00... 279, 280, 405 VIII. 46-48 II-IV A
249, ” PURCOX .0 oe eee cece eee ee ees 279, 281, 405 VIII. 49 | IIL-IV A
250 ” postlobata ............... 279,288 eae | II-III P
251. , tepeaca, ......... ce. 405, 406 X. 55-56 | IV A, IITP
252. ” mendaX ......... cee! 279,288 cee Ill P
253. ” pertinax .............0....! 280, 283 VIIL. 38 DIAP
254. , 1): 280,285 |e po
255. ” nubecula ............ cece eee 280,285 00 fee IIl-lI A
256. ” inequiunguis ............... 280,286,406 cee IL-III A P
257. | Macrothemis musiva ............ccccceeeceeeeneeee | 288, 289 IX. 43-45 ILA
258. ” pseudimitans 2.0.0... 288,290,406 ea II-IV A, I-III P
259, » hemichlora .............6.:2eeeeee 288,290,406 cn [I-III A
260. » Inacuta .........eeeeeeeeeceeee eens 289,291,407 II-IlT AP, IVC
261. | Paltothemis lineatipes........000....cccc00ceee | 2900 Ill A. TIL-IVP
262, | Miathyria marcella ........c.c0cccccceeeese cee: 294,407 aa. Il-Ill AP, 1VC
263. ” cyt) 0) (> 294,295 0 IL-Ill A Il Pp
264, | Tauripbila australis... ccc 296, 297 IX. 46, 47 IIA
265. ” FA or 297,298 IL-IllA. IVC
266. ge ATQO ese eeeeessceeeecceeseeeeeseseeeee: 297, 299 IX. 48, 49 ;
267. | Tramea cophysa ?............cccccceceseceecceceeuees 800,801 IA. Ivo
268. | 4, — longicauda, var. ? oe ceeceeee ee 300,808, an .: IEP
269. | oy imstllaris eee cece eceeeeee, 800,308 2 IVA
270. ” abdominalis ...........cccccecceeeec ee ces 300,804 nn, + IVa.1ve
271. ” lacerata ..........cccccceccceeeecescenceeees 801,805 ff + IIL A
272. ” onusta ..........0.6. [Vance cetera eneee see teeee 301, B05 + IlLIVAP.1VQ
273. | Pantala flavescens .......0.0- sess 807,407 fe | + (ILIV A, II-III P, 1-Vo
INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
XXV11
(continued).
DISTRIBUTION.
Yucatan, |
Campeche, Guatemala Refer-
and and Nicaragua. Costa Rica. Panama. | south wre Elsewhere. ence
British Honduras. America, ; indies. No.
Honduras.
It TTA bee IIP IIP + | Lower California, Texas. 213.
beeen 7 beceeeeee ve Poo + 214.
ILAP re ree boy 215.
ITP wee ITP 216.
Ifa TIP | eee + + | Lower California. 217.
ITA rs rrr Lee wes + 218.
TA | eee IIP + 219.
a TTA fk eee eee + + 220.
II II-III AP III-IV A, II-IV P ILP + + 221,
a ITA II P TIIe 222.
II A, I{-IIT P rs reer see + 223,
weeeec eee sas se eeeeee TIIP + 224.
II A, IIT P + TIT A, IL P II A, IIT P Le + 225
TWIAP be III-IV A TIT P + 226
ITA II P III P + 227.
a _ ; o+ 228
TI Ill A, II-IiI P III A, ILP IIAP |... ... | Occasional in California. 229
Il IT-III A, IL P _ IiP IIA +4 + | Texas, Florida, Bahamas. 230).
II II A, II-III P + TIP IIA + + 231.
ee face bes IIP IL A* + 232.
a rr ILA + 233.
[II-IV A, IV P] [III A, II-IV P] [Il A P] [+] [4+] +
II-IV A | 234.
TI-Illt A III A, IL P + 235.
II-III a, 1V P TIT A wee + 236.
II A II-IV P II A (P?) + 237.
ee re wee + + 238
a rrr ILTA* + 239.
ne ee a + 240,
seeceeees IITA _ + Lower California. 24).
re ITP + + Florida. 242,
| 248.
bee TIP fa eee eee ITA a + , Bakamas. 244.
Il II-III A, III-IV P ITP ILP + | N. Mexico, Texas, Lower California. 245.
_ TILA 246.
II-IIJ A, ITI P weeeeee + 247.
TITAP IIT A, I-IV P + 248.
II-III A, III P we teeees + + 249.
250.
251,
veceeeeee vee veneeeees see Lower California, Texas. 252.
ILI-IV A ses III-IV A ? 258.
IIA _ TIT A, IV P tes + 254.
seseeeee. we weeeeeees + + 255
II-III A, IIT P wee ITP ILP + | Lower California. 256.
beveeeees vee ceeeeeees _ + 257.
II-III A, 111 P bes IV A, ILP Lee + ' Lower California, 258.
II-III A, IIT P bee ITP + + 259.
II-ITI A wes II P TILA + 260.
Itl-IV A we III-IV A, IV P a + California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas. 261.
ITA IIP TTA IIP + + 262.
IIA rs errr sas + + 263.
re sae + + 264.
265.
TTA | aa keene wee + 266.
see ITA ae eee ee ILP + + | Galapagos. 267.
IT TIA fk nee wes + 268.
TI ILA IV P ses + | Florida, Bahamas. 269.
wee TE-ITTA | we seen + + | Florida, Bermudas. 270.
er . ... | California, Arizona, Texas, Hawaiian Is. 271.
rr + _ + | California, New Mexico, Texas, Florida. 272.
II-III A, I11 P IIT A, IT-IV P ITA + + | Arizona, Texas, Old World excl. Europe. 273.
* Specimens of Erythrodiplax erichsoni? and E. connata b' were received, after the printing of the Supplement, from
Dr. RB. E. B. McKenney, labelled “ Flying against lantern, 11 p.m., May 12, 1906, at Long Point, Caiaso Farm, Province of
Bocas del Toro [Panama].”
+ The distribution of Zrythrodiplax connata as given on this line is a summary of the data on the following eight lines.
XXVili INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
TaBLe B
/——
Refer- +
ence Taxonomic Group. Page. Plate and Figure. Northern Mexico.
No. f .
274. | Pantala hymensea .........ceceeceeeeececeeeeeeeees 307,309,407 | eee + TUI-1V A, ITP
275. | Perithemis domitia intenga ...............066.0. 310, 311, 408 VI. 10-18 wee IIT A, IV C, II-IV P
276. » » «iris, 7, Ui, Wii. 310,313,408 faces wee II-III A P
277. ” ” MOOMA .esceceacaceceenenees 311, 314 VI. 19-27 _ II-III A, IV C, ITP
278 » gy TONETA Loe eee cee cece eee 311,316,408 | hacen + III A, ITI C
279. | Rhodopygia hinei .................... Leeeees 318, 319 TX. 51-53 rs errr
280. | Sympetrum illotum virgulum ......... S2t0 nena eee we III-IV A P, IV-VC
281. ” corruptuin ........ cee eee 320,823,408 6 ace ees + ITI-IV ACP
982. | Cannacria furcata ......ccccccee cece ee eeaneeeees 82500 ae eee wes TIT A, IVC
283. » batesii oo... cece eeeceeeeee eee eens: 825,826 scene we II-III A, 1V C, ITP
284, | Platyplax sanguiniventris ............... 327 IX. 55-58 vee LWIA
285. | Krythemis simplicicollis ..............:c:ccccee ees 880,881 0 hanes + IIT A, IVC
286. 9 % collocata .............2. 880, 832,409 |e eee + (IIT A?) IYI-IV C, IVP
287. ” PCTUVIANA oo... cece eee eee ee eee 880,888 a eee vee II-lIT A
288. ” mitbroides ..............cc cee eeeeee eee 330, 334 eee ae we II-IITA
289. ” attala Lo... cece eee eeseeeeceeeeeeeees 350,885 fee we II-III A, JVC
290. ” verbenata ......ccceeeeeeeeeee seen ees 380,886 | hee see II-IV A, II (-II1 ?)P
291, ” heematogastra ........ceeesceeeeeeeee 831,888 | eee re
292. | Lepthemis vesiculosa ............cccces esses eevee B89 aac eee ee we ITI A, I1-1II P
293. | Pachydiplax longipennis.............:0cscseeeeeee oe rr + Til A, I1I-IV 0
Total number of genera ...........-...068 71 rs rrr rere 24 62
Total number of species, subspecies, |
and varieties .............eccececceeeeeeees 293 | re 89 219 (221)
i The parentheses in this table enclose the probable numbers of genera and of species, &c., in the areas in question, obtain
The total of 219 species, &c., for Mexico includes 1] species (nos. 9, 69, 70, 114, 115, 117, 142, 147, 212, 257, 264) found
to Central America, so that the total of Mexican species north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec is 208. Of these 11, two
The columns for (a) Yucatan, Campeche, and British Honduras, (6) Guatemala and Honduras, and (c) Nicaragua, read
165 species, &c. Similarly, the columns for Costa Rica and Panama, read together, will give the known Odonate fauna
The type specimens of the new forms described in this work are those which
have been figured on the Plates, the male preferably to the female, except where
the latter alone was originally described, e. g. Telebasis digiticollis. Where several
specimens of the same species have been figured, that one which has furnished
the principal figure or figures is the type. The locality of each specimen figured
is given in the Explanations of the Plates, and by reference to the list of material
studied, given under each species in the text, the ownership of the type can be
determined.
INTRODUCTION TO. THE ODONATA, XX1X
(continued).
|
DISTRIBUTION. |
-— ee |
Yucatan,
Campeche, Guatemala ; Refer-
and and Nicaragua, Costa Rica. Panama, Sout ret Elsewhere. | ence
British Honduras. 7 . . , | No.
Honduras,
wee (“ Honduras ”’) rs ree 4- | + | Lower Calif,, Arizona, N. Mex., Texas, 274
TE | aaeea eee re errr - ? |... | Lower California, Arizona. [Galapagos.| 275.
II ILIV A, IIJ-IVP A IIP + (II P?) + oF + 276.
wes ILA vee fae nee eee + | + 2977.
a Lee + | | Texas, 278.
1 Oy. IIA 279.
wee Iii A,1V P IV AP ses wee ... | Lower California. [Ajan (Asia).| 280.
5 vas ... | California, Arizona, N. Mexico, Texas, 281
we IVP | ok eee eee + + | Lower California, Florida, Bahamas. 282,
A rer + + | Galapagos. 283.
wee IIA 284.
5 > + | Texas, Florida, Bahamas. 285.
a _ .. | «| California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas. 286,
see TTA jake eee ee ee II P So 287,
er eee + | 288.
we TIP fk ae ee eee vee + + 289.
II JIA,IVP | ok eee IiP + + | Texas. 290.
eee TTA fae fn eee + + + | Bermudas? 291.
. II-lit A P IVP ITAP + + | Texas, Florida. [Bermudas.| 292.
- a rs wee ves ... | California, Texas, Florida, Bahamas, 298.
20 62 (63) 16 (58) 41 (61) 40 (58) 56 37
35 161 (186) 20 (148) 101 (165) 86 (142) 112 56
by adding to those actually found there those which have been taken both north and south.
in the States of Tabasco or Chiapas, but not north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Geographically therefore they belong
(nos. 69 and 147) are as yet only known from Tabasco, while the other 9 have been found also in Guatemala or farther south.
together, will represent the Odonate fauna of the region between the Isthmuses of Tehuantepec and Nicaragua, comprising
between the Isthmuses of Nicaragua and Darien, or 141 species, &c.
The types of the following species require to be exactly specified:—Argia tezpi,
type ¢, San José del Cabo, Baja California (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.), not Tepic, as
erroneously stated in the. Explanation of Plate IV.; A. tonto, type ¢, Tombstone,
Arizona, and A. agrioides nahuana, type 6, Mexico City (both in coll. P. P. C.);
A. gaumeri, type 3, Izamal; A. frequentula, type ¢, San Pedro Sula, A. pépila,
type ¢, Escuintla, and A. pocomana, type 6, Mazatenango (these last three in coll.
E. B. Williamson); Enallagma basidens, type 3, Texas (coll. A. N.S.); Leptobasis
vacillans, var. atrodorsum, type s, Santiago Iscuintla; Ischnura damula, type ¢,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1908.
é
XXX INTRODUCTION TO THE ODONATA.
Zuni, New Mexico; Erpetogomphus sipedon, type 2? , Guadalajara, found by Schumann ;
Micrathyria didyma hypodidyma, type 3, Coroico; Dythemis maya, type ¢, San
Gerénimo; Brechmorhoga vivax, type 36, Zapote; Tauriphila azteca, type ¢,
Guadalajara.
The fact of having served as the original of a given figure has been indicated by a
label attached to the specimen in question. The types belonging to Dr. Godman are
to be deposited in the British Museum of Natural History; the first set of duplicates
from his collection, falling to the writer, will be placed in the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia. The material quoted on pages 218 et seg. as of the Kahl
Collection has been acquired by the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Various exchanges of duplicate specimens between the public and private collections
concerned have been authorized.
In conclusion, I wish to express my thanks for the aid afforded by the Curators and
Directors of various Museums, and the owners of certain private collections, whose
names are mentioned on page 17 and elsewhere in the text, but especially to Dr. F. D.
Godman, Editor of the ‘ Biolegia,’ for the very liberal manner in which he has permitted
the extension of this account of the Odonata far beyond the limits which we had
expected would be necessary; to Mr. G. C. Champion, Dr. Henry Skinner, and my
wife, for all the manifold assistance which they have so kindly rendered.
A discussion on the relations of the Odonata of Mexico and Central America to
those of other areas, to temperature, rainfall, and other environmental factors, originally
prepared for this work, has been withdrawn for publication elsewhere.
Philadelphia, November 1908.
BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.
ZOOLOGIA.
Class INSECTA.
Order NEUROPTERA.
Fam. EPHEMERIDA*.
Materials for the account here given of the Ephemeride or Mayflies of Central
America have been derived from the undermentioned collections and museums :—The
collections of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, R. McLachlan, Baron E. de Selys-Long-
champs; and the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., the British
Museum, and those of Brussels and of the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. These have
yielded representatives of fourteen named and two unnamed genera, and nineteen
named and thirteen unnamed species: total sixteen genera and thirty-two species,
excluding a specimen of no account. ight species are described as new.
Most of the genera of Ephemeride represented in the Central-American fauria have
an extended range. About one-third of the number have been observed only in
America, and two (including an unnamed genus) have not been found outside our limits.
Particulars concerning their geographical range are given under the head of each
genus; but it should not be forgotten that the distribution of Mayflies inhabiting
tropical and subtropical countries is a subject with regard to which very little is
known.
The following Table (p. 2) shows the number of species that are now known from
Central America, and in what portion of that country they have occurred.
The genera are here classified in accordance with the plan adopted in “ A Revisional
Monograph of Recent Ephemeride or Mayflies,” in the Transactions of the Linnean
Society of London, 2nd series, Zoology, iii. (1883-1888), cited as ‘ Eaton, Rev. Mon.
Ephem.’
An analytical key to the genera and larger divisions of the family will be found in
that volume, commencing at p. 309.
* By A. E, Eaton.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., Aprid 1892. b
bo
NEUROPTERA.
Genera.
Net Total of Species [[ ]= unde-
scribed in Central America.
Distribution in
Central America
and
, Other parts of the World.
Lachlania
Homeeconeuria
Euthyplocia ....
Campsurus.....
Hexagenia.....
Choroterpes
Thraulus
Gen.
Ephemerella ....
Tricorythus
Leptohyphes ....
Centroptilum ....
Callibeetis
Chirotonetes ...
Gen.
aeons
eoeeee
ee ee
g
a) a . 3
ss | S 3 g a) .
g|a)/el]e]2) 2] 3 | &
i = a & 5 g g 5
=| ea 6 B is Zi oe) Ay
1 1 1
1 .. 1
1 1 .. 1 1
24+[1]) 1 | fy 1
1 1 _
2 1 1
6+[3]/34+{1] 1+/[2] 1 4
i] ] .. [4]
[1] |} [1]
1 1
1 .. a
1+[3]| [3] 1
fi] |} [2]
24[1}/1+[1] 2
1] | (4) [1]
fl} | [2]
Cuba.
Tropical South America.
Texas, Brazil.
Canada to Brazil, India.
Arizona, Europe, Te-
nasserim.
Colombia, Europe,
Indo - Malayan
Region.
Northern Temperate
Region.
Egypt, S. Africa, Ma-
layan Region.
Argentine Republic.
Nearly everywhere.
Cuba, N. America,
Europe.
N. and 8. America,
Australia.
N. America, Europe,
Indo-MalayanRegion,
Japan.
The unndmed genus following Zhraulus in the above table of geographical
distribution works out with Adenophlebia; their differences are set forth below in the
description. The other unnamed one, next to Chirotonetes, is related to Cinygma, a
‘N.-American genus.
Lachlania, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 1868, pp. 372-374 (woodcut).
LACHLANIA.
This genus contains a Cuban species in addition to the one from Central America.
LACHLANIA.—EUTHYPLOCIA. 3
1. Lachlania lucida. (Tab. I. figg.1, 2 ; 1a, fore wing, showing the aberrant
neuration. )
Lachlania lucida, Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 35, t. 3. fig. 5 (details) (1883)*.
Hab. Guatemaua (¢ and 2, in Mus. Jardin des Plantes, Paris), El Reposo 800
feet, Cerro Zunil 4000 feet (Champion; 2); Panama, Bugaba 800 feet (Champion; ¢ ).
Other female specimens without precise record of locality are contained in the
collections of Mr. McLachlan and Messrs. Godman and Salvin. The three female
examples captured by Mr. Champion show the head and pronotum less luteous and
rather more piceous than the remainder of the notum; the wing-membrane compara-
tively dull, but reflecting medium smalt-blue ; and the length of wing 11-12, sete 8—9
millim. The corresponding admeasurements given in Eaton, op. cit. p. 30, were
? wing 14, sete 7 millim.
HOMCONEURIA.
Homeoneuria, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xvii. p. 192 (1881).
A genus of a single species.
1. Homeoneuria salviniz. (Tab. I. fig. 2, 9.)
Homeoneuria salvinie, Faton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xvii. p. 192*; Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 36, t. 3.
fig. 6 (wings) (1888) ”.
Hab. Guatemata !, Duefias 4950 feet, and Aceytuno 5100 feet (Salvin *).
These specimens were given to Mr. McLachlan on Mr. Salvin’s return from Guatemala
in 1874. They were taken from the surface of a tank at Aceytuno and from the small
stream which drains the lake of Duefias.
EUTHYPLOCIA.
Euthyplocia, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 67, t. 1. figg. 8, 8a (parts of wing); Rev.
Mon. Ephem. p. 36, tt. 4, 29 (adult details and nymph) (1883).
A genus of few published species, ranging from Mexico southwards into Brazil.
A subimago, from Madagascar, in the British Museum, may represent a kindred genus,
hitherto undescribed. .
1. Euthyplocia hecuba. (Tab. I. figg. 3, 3a, 2.)
Palingenia hecuba, Hagen, Synopsis Neuropt. N. Am. p. 40 (1861) °.
Euthyplocia hecuba, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 67°; Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 37, t. 4.
fig. 7a’.
Imago (dried). — 3 . Head brown-black; pronotum pitch-brown; the remainder of the notum a lighter and rather
yellower brown, but less decidedly luteous than in the other sex. Dorsum of abdomen intense vandyke-
brown, with opaque joinings, and with the usual pale comma-like dots (marking probably the places of
the valves of the dorsal vessel) ; venter whity-brown (in Q very pale ochre after oviposition), shaded
with a very light grade or grey of the dorsal brown. Forceps and sete dirty white, the joinings of the
b2
4 NEUROPTERA.
latter pale. Fore femur pitch-brown ; tibia more translucent, in some lights sepia-grey; tarsus dull
whitish. Wings as in 9.
Length of wing, ¢ 26, 9 23-27; median seta broken off in the largest 2 specimen at 48 millim,
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Sallé?, in Mus. de Selys-Longchamps'*); Guatemata,
Aceytuno 5100 feet (Salvin), San Isidro 1600 feet (Champion) ; Panama, Volcan de
Chiriqui (Champion), Veraguas (Mus. McLachlan ®).
The male is described now for the first time, from two specimens obtained on the
Volcan de Chiriqui, which match well with a female from San Isidro. Two females
of similar dimensions, from Aceytuno, may have been subjected to the action of some
poison or preservative ; they have the wings paler, for the most part less rosy and
rather dirty; their meso- and metanotum are more distinctly luteous, but this may be
due to the infiltration of shellac, which seems to have been used in attaching them to
the pins. The smallest female is from Chiriqui; it has the wings tinted with rosy-
grey, rather more strongly than those of the males from the same locality, or than
those of the female from San Isidro; its eggs are retained, and the venter is yellow
longitudinally in the middle and brown at the sides. The ¢ forceps of the specimens
referred to are so curved and twisted out of shape as to render their representation
inadvisable.
CAMPSURUS.
Campsurus, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. v. p. 83 (1868); Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 38, t.5 (adult
details) (1883).
A genus spread over a large part of South America, and extending northwards
to Texas; species probably numerous. In dried specimens the chief distinctions
lie in the ¢ genitalia; but sometimes the facies of the neuration, especially that of the
hind wings, may serve for their discrimination. Female specimens can seldom be
identified with certainty, apart from flies of the other sex associated with them in the
same localities.
1. Campsurus decoloratus.
Palingenia decolorata, Hagen, Synopsis Neuropt. N. Am. p. 48 (1861) *.
Hexagenia decolorata, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 65 *.
Campsurus decoloratus, Katon, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 41 (after Hagen) (1888) °.
Hab. Mzxtco, Matamoros in Tamaulipas! (in Mus. Comp. Zoél. Cambridge, Mass. ? 3).
2, Campsurus ——?
Hab. British Honpuras, R. Sarstoon (Blancaneauz).
One female imago, in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection. This specimen,
shattered to pieces in transmission by post, does not suttice for description.
3. Campsurus cuspidatus.
Campsurus cuspidatus, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 58, t. 3. fig. 12°; Rev. Mon. Ephem.
p. 40, t. 5. fig. 8d (1883) *.
CAMPSURUS.— CHOROTERPES, 5
Hab. GUATEMALA (one ¢ imago, in Mus. de Selys-Longchamps) 1 ?.
Both the figures quoted are derived from the same original drawing.
HEXAGENTA.
Hexagenia, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 197 (1863).
This genus is chiefly known from the New World, where it extends at least from
Canada to Buenos Ayres. There is, however, in Mr. McLachlan’s collection, a specimen
from N.W. India; cf. Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. t. 7, fig. 11 @ (1883) (undescribed).
Some of the American species have a very extended range.
1. Hexagenia mexicana. (Tab. I. fig. 4, 3.)
Hexagenia mexicana, Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 50 (1883).
Hab. Mexico (Sallé*; one ¢ imago in Mus. Hagen), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schur
mann; one ¢ imago).
The latter specimen enables the published description to be supplemented as
follows :—
Dorsum of abdomen pitch-black, with a single longitudinal series of translucent triangular subochreous spots
on each side of the median tract, extending from the second to the ninth segment. These spots, situated
very near the bases of the segments, are isolated by a considerable breadth of the dark ground-colour,
which tends to invade their lower angles ; those towards the commencement of the series have their upper
anterior angle right-angled, but the corresponding angles of the hinder spots become more obtuse. Venter
light burnt-umber, or warm sepia-brown ; the ninth segment darker, except in the median tract; on each
side of the anterior segments a dark streak runs backwards from the basal angle. Forceps to the begin-
ning of the second joint of the limbs almost concolorous with the ninth segment, and then pitch-black to
the tips. Setz piceous. In this specimen the only portions of the hinder legs that are distinctly pitch-
brown are the terminal joint and the ungues; elsewhere the traces of this colour are very faint.
Length of wing 16, body 19 millim.
Many of the Mayflies of the Leptophlebia-type in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s
collection probably represent new genera. But until both sexes of the flies and their
nymphs are known, it will be best, perhaps, to place them provisionally in the named
genera to which they are most nearly related, and to state the points wherein they
appear to depart from the normal standards of those genera. This is said with
particular reference to species here referred to Thraulus and the following genus.
CHOROTERPES.
Choroterpes, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xvi. p. 194 (1881); Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 104, t. 12.
fig. 19 (adult details), and t. 34 (nymph) (1884).
Besides a single European species, and one (tn Mus. McLachlan) from Tenasserim
Valley, which is normal, the genus includes the two following.
6 NEUROPTERA.
1. Choroterpes inornata, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 5, 5 a-«, ¢.)
Subimago (dried).—Wings uniformly sepia-grey, with warm sepia, opaque neuration.
Imago (dried).— 3. Thorax pitch-black above (probably jet-black during life); dorsum of abdomen ivory-black
or blackish-brown, sometimes with the joinings of the segments whitish, and sometimes with the tract of
the dorsal vessel translucent whitish, and in segments 4-8 with a short tapering longitudinal whitish
streak from the base in its immediate proximity on each side. Venter dull impure whitish; the last
segment pitch-brown, and the nerve-ganglia dark. Sete: warm sepia-grey; the joinings dark. Forceps
rufo-piceous (usually greatly distorted through desiccation) ; the basal joints of the limbs relatively longer
than in the typical species, being equal in length to the penis-lobes. Legs in opaque view pitch-brown ;
in transmitted light rufescent. Wings vitreous: fore wing pitch-brown at the extreme roots; cross
veinlets attenuated, invisible to the naked eye, numerous in the marginal area of the fore wing, and mostly
simple in the pterostigmatic region, numbering about 8 before, and 11-15 beyond the bulla; hind wing
normal.
@. Neuration stronger than in the other sex, yet the cross-veinlets when keld up to the light are only just
discernible without a lens; those in the marginal area of the fore wing number about 4 before and
many beyond the bulla. Pleura of the ninth segment produced acutely ; (ventral lobe shrunken out of
shape in the only specimen obtained). Abdomen pitch-brown.
Length of body, g 6, @ 8; wing, ¢ 7, 9 9 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Northern Sonora (Morrison: two 3 subimag. and ten imag.; one ¢
imag.), Arizona (two subimag. in. Mus. McLachlan ; alluded to in Rev. Mon. Ephem.
p. 105).
9. Choroterpes nervosa, sp.n. (Lab. I. figg. 6, 6a, 9.)
Imago (dried).— 2. Aberrant from the type in the profusion of cross-veinlets in the wings, in the marginal area
of the hind wing ending abruptly (as in Thraulus bellus) not obliquely, and in the submarginal area of
the same wing extending almost to the tip. Also the lobe of the ninth ventral segment is seemingly
retuse.
Body pitch-brown above, the meso- and metanotum inclining to rufo-piceous ; venter rather lighter than the
dorsum. Fore femur dark pitch-brown ; tibia somewhat rufo-piceous; tarsus lighter, in some postures
impure light yellowish-brown, with the first four joints darker at the tips and dorsally, but with the base
of the first joint and the whole of the fifth joint, ungues included, light yellowish or subochraceous.
(Hinder legs and sete lost.) Wings vitreous: fore wing tinted throughout the marginal and submarginal
areas, and also about the wing-roots, with light piceous-grey ; many of the longitudinal nervures for some
distance from the roots are narrowly clouded with the same grey. Neuration distinct to the naked eye,
pitch-brown in opaque view, but rufo-piceous in transmitted light; marginal area of the fore wing with
about ten to twelve cross-veinlets before, and thirty-two beyond the bulla, not reckoning numerous traces
of others that are obsolete. Pleura of the ninth abdominal segment subobtuse behind ; (ventral lobe of
the same segment shrunken, but apparently retuse).
Length of body 10°5; wing 15 millim.
Hab. Guatemata, Zapote (Champion; one ? imag.).
THRAULUS.
Thraulus, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xvii. p. 195 (1881) ; Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 106, t. 12. fig 20
(adult details), t. 85. (nymph); also (provisionally) t. 13. figg. 20°, 20°, 28°, 23°, and 23°
(adult details) (1884). -
Probably a large genus in the tropical and warmer temperate parts of America,
represented by a few species in the Indo-Malayan region, and by one species in
S.W. Europe that extends northwards to Indre in France. |
THRAULUS. 7
Subdivision of the genus may be expected to be necessary, having regard to marked
differences in the genitalia of the better known species. The presence or absence of
cross-veinlets before the bulla of the subcosta in the submarginal area of the fore wing
seems to be of minor importance; and the hind wing may vary a little in shape with
the sex, the costal elbow perhaps being farther from the wing-roots in the female than
in the male, as is the case in many Ephemeride. Further material is needed for the
elucidation of these points.
1. Thraulus primanus, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 7,2: 74,3.)
Imago (dried).— 8. Femora not banded. Hind wing less oblique than in the typical species (Th. bellus), with
the costal elbow nearly opposite the middle of the wing; subcosta straight, parallel with the costa as far
as the elbow, and ending abruptly at a cross-veinlet ; radius nearly straight, ending before the apex of the
wing, joined by three veins (of which the nearest to the apex is forked and the others simple) and followed
by another vein ; cross-veinlets very few.
Body pitch-brown. Legs, in opaque view, intense piceous ; fore tarsus translucent light bistre-brown, shifting
to a darker tint of the same. Sete brownish-grey, with some of the joinings opaque or blackish. Forceps
stout; apical joint oval. Wings vitreous ; the fore wing in its basal half, and in the marginal area up
to the bulla, faintly tinted with very light pitch-brown; the hind wing similarly tinted throughout.
Neuration in opaque view light pitch-brown, shifting to golden-brown; longitudinal neuration fairly
distinct to the naked eye over white paper ; cross-veinlets numerous in the apical half of the wing and in
proximity to the margin thereabouts ; marginal area of the fore wing with traces of ten obsolete cross-
veinlets before the bulla, and about fourteen simple veinlets beyond it.
Q (dried) (either of this species or of a near ally). Fore wing clear, except at the extreme base ; neuration
rather lighter in tint than in the g, and the cross-veinlets more numerous—nine before and about twenty-
four beyond the bulla in the marginal area; longitudinal neuration fairly distinct to the naked eye.
Costal elbow beyond the middle of the hind wing; neuration much the same as in ¢; cross-veinlets
few. (Ventral lobe of ninth segment shrunken.)
Length of body, 9 9; wing, d 9, 9 13 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann ; two ¢ imag.), Teapa in Tabasco
(H. H. Smith; one 2 imag.).
2. Thraulus versicolor, sp. n.
Imago Q and subimago Q (dried).—¥Femora not banded. Hind wing similar in plan of neuration to that of
Th. primanus.
Imago.—Body light pitch-brown, with the metathorax lighter and more of a light raw umber-brown ; abdo-
minal joinings opaque. Legs in opaque view very intense bistre or pitch-brown, approaching pitch-black ;
tarsi and coxe light raw umber-brown. Setz intense pitch-brown. Wings vitreous, uniformly tinted
with bistre-grey. Neuration in opaque view piceous, in transmitted light bistre-brown ; longitudinal
nervures fairly distinct to the naked eye; cross-veinlets numerous in the apical half of the wing and along
the outer margin; marginal area of the fore wing with traces of two or three obsolete cross-veinlets before
the bulla, and about thirteen cross-veinlets beyond it.
Subimago.—Wings and neuration subopaque white, tinged at the extreme roots with violet-black or grey-black.
Legs intense pitch-brown, with the tarsi yellowish-white. (Sete shrunken, probably piceous. Body
faded.) Thorax varying from pitch-black to medium bistre-brown.
Length of wing, imag. and subimag., 11-12; sete, imag., 9 and 14 millim.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers; three 2 imag. and three 2 subimag.); Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui 3000 feet (Champion; one 2 imag.).
8 NEUROPTERA.
3. Thraulus mexicanus.
Thraulus mexicanus, Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 109, t. 18. fig. 23** (details) (1884) (Calliarcys
mexicanus in the writing of the plate cited) ’.
Imago (dried).— g described and illustrated (hind wing and genitalia) in the work cited.
Q. Femora banded. Costal elbow nearly opposite the middle of the hind wing ; subcosta slightly curved,
produced past the cross-veinlet from that elbow to the margin below the elbow ; stem of the radius directly
continuous with the two cross-veinlets extending in a curved line from it to the costal elbow (the figure
cited, fig. 23**, needs perfecting hereabouts—the subcosta and radius should not be represented as
attenuated before their intersection with the cross-veinlets, but only beyond that). Ventral lobe of the
ninth abdominal segment obtusely rounded and entire.
Thorax raw umber-brown. Abdomen pitch-brown, opaque at the joinings. Fore femur pitch-brown; tibia
impure whitish, with the base and a broad band just before the extreme tip pitch-black ; tarsus black,
except the whitish first two joints and the joinings; ungues pitch-brown. Intermediate femur pitch-
brown, with the extreme base and the tip and a narrow band before the middle whitish; hind femur
rather whiter in the basal half. Hinder coxe and trochanters whitish; tibie whitish, with the
extreme tip black ; tarsi whitish, with the last joint and the bases of the intermediate joints blackish.
Wings vitreous, with a pitch-brown stain at the great cross-vein and at the bases of the main nervures
enclosing a clear space at the extreme roots; neuration (over white paper) indistinct to the naked eye and
pale, shifting in oblique view to light brownish. Cross-veinlets fairly numerous in the disk of the fore
wing, arranged in about eight irregular transverse series reckoning along the sector from its junction with
the cubitus, but scarce towards the hind margin: none before the bulla, but nine beyond that in the
marginal area, all simple.
Length of wing, 2, 8 millim.
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brussels; 3 imag.'); Panama, Bugaba 1000 feet (Champion ;
one @ imag.).
4. Thraulus lepidus.
Thraulus lepidus, Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 109 (1884) *.
Subimago (?) (dried).— Wings light sepia-grey, with piceous neuration.
Imago (dried)—Femora banded. Hind wing as in Th. mewicanus, the subcosta and radius being attenuated
beyond the cross-veinlets that connect the latter with the costal elbow; radius met by three nervures (of
which the first and third are forked, and each enclose within the fork an isolated veinlet arising from the
margin) and followed by two simple nervures. Ventral lobe of the ninth 2 abdominal segment narrowed
posteriorly and emarginate.
do. Described in op. cit. The original description may be enlarged or modified in the following particulars :—
Thorax varied behind with whitish-ochre, and with a blackish stripe along the pleura. Fore femur and
tibia rufo-piceous; the former with a black streak from the base to a little beyond the middle, the tibia
blackish at the tip ; the third and fourth joints of the tarsus only from some standpoints of a darker colour
than the remainder. Hind femur with a pale band just beyond the middle. Fore wing strongly tinted
in the submarginal area (excepting for a short space just beyond the bulla) with rich brownish-yellow
amber-colour ; the area at the wing-roots and the ends of the nervures in proximity thereto, like the sub-
costal edge of the marginal area as far as the bulla, clouded with light raw umber. Great cross-vein
piceous posteriorly, but pale towards the costa. Neuration (over white paper) distinct to the naked eye ;
cross-veinlets fairly numerous in the fore wing, arranged in about eight irregular transverse series,
reckoning along the sector from its junction with the cubitus; those in the marginal area before the bulla
well defined. ,
@. The colouring of the submarginal area of the fore wing hardly extends halfway from the great cross-vein
towards the bulla, where again it occupies a short space or forms a small spot; between this and the base
of the wing the cross-veinlets in both of the adjacent areas are clouded with the same colouring more
distinctly than any of those in the other parts of the wing. In the marginal area are four or five well-defined
. THRAULUS. 9
cross-veinlets before the bulla, and about twelve beyond it, some of them curved; those in the disk,
reckoned along the sector, are disposed in about nine slightly irregular transverse rows, and are scarce
at the hind margin. Great cross-vein concolorous with the nervures. In this, as in the other sex, the
cross-veinlets viewed in certain directions appear pitch-brown, while the longitudinal nervures are of
a lighter or amber-colour.
Length of wing, ¢ 8-9, 9 10; sete, g, 15-17 millim.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. McLachlan; 3 imag.'), Volcan de Chiriqui 2500-4000
feet and Bugaba 800 to 1500 feet (Champion; two 3g and one 2 imag.).
A @ subimago in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection, from San Isidro, Guate-
mala (Champion), probably belongs to this species.
5. Thraulus valens, sp. n.
Subimago (dried).—Wings light fawn-grey approaching light vandyke-grey ; cross-veinlets of fore wing (not
of hind wing) black ; longitudinal neuration in some lights yellowish, shifting with change of posture to
dull light yellowish brown.
Imago (dried).—Femora banded. Hind wing nearly as in Th. mexicanus, or that figured in Eaton, Rev. Mon.
Ephem. t. 13. fig. 23*? (1884). (Ventral lobe of the ninth abdominal segment of 9 shrunken out of
shape, but emarginate.)
g. Thorax raw umber-brown above, varied posteriorly with light yellow-ochre; mesopleura darker, varied
with piceous and ochre. Dorsum of abdomen light raw umber-brown, with the sides and venter lighter
and the apical margins of the intermediate segments pitch-brown or black; in segments 2-6 or more an
oblique dark streak is produced forwards on each side from the apical border. Set whitish, tinged at
the base with raw umber; the joinings thereabouts alternately black and grey, but posteriorly all black.
Forceps-limbs very long and slender, with the two terminal jointlets very short and minute; basis above
their insertion produced behind into a short subacute triangular lobe. Fore femur dark raw umber or
rufo-piceous, with a longitudinal black streak extending nearly from the base to the knee, and with the
apical margin black ; tibia in some positions warmer in tint than the femur, black at the tip; tarsus
light raw umber-brown. Hinder femora banded broadly with pitch-brown or blackish near the base and
at the tip, leaving the extreme base paler, and a narrow dull whitish amber-coloured space just beyond
the middle ; tibia amber-yellow, with the tip black ; tarsi in some lights only more opaque than the tibie.
Wings vitreous ; the fore wing at the extreme base tinged with light yellowish amber or raw umber ;
longitudinal neuration light yellow-amber, with the basis of the subcosta and radius more or less blackish ;
cross-veinlets piceous, distinct to the naked eye and numerous, arranged in the disk in about ten or
eleven transverse series (reckoning along the sector from its junction with the cubitus) that extend to
the posterior margin. The marginal area contains from five to seven well-defined cross-veinlets before
the bulla, and fourteen to sixteen beyond it, many of which in the pterostigmatic region fork and
anastomose. In the hind wing a grey cloud is enclosed by the blackish great cross-vein and base of the
subcosta ; the remaining neuration is either light yellowish-amber or colourless.
Q. Very similar, allowing for sexual differences. The marginal area of the fore wing contains about eight
cross-veinlets before and eighteen beyond the bulla.
Length of wing, ¢ 11, 2 13; sete, g imag., 23 millim.
Hab. Panama, Boquete 3500 feet (Champion; one g and one @ imag.), Caldera
1200 feet (Champion ; one subimag.), Volcan de Chiriqui 3000 feet (Champion; one
3 imag.).
6. Thraulus hilaris, sp. n.
Imago (dried).—Femora banded. Hind wing nearly the counterpart of that of T'h. meaicanus figured in
Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. t. 13. fig. 23** (1884). Ventral lobe of the ninth abdominal segment of 2
emarginate.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., April 1892. | C
10 NEUROPTERA.
g. Thorax pitch-brown, varied behind with light ochre. (Abdomen discoloured—intermediate segments
transparent whitish, with oblique broad lateral stripes recurrent from the narrowly piceous apical
margins ; segments 8-10 opaque.) Sete whitish, with every joining in the part nearest the base, then
every alternate joining, and presently every fourth joining black. Forceps as in Th. valens, except that
the projecting lobe of the basis is oblong and obtuse. Fore femur intense pitch-brown, with the extreme
base (like the coxa) more or less impure whitish, and with a pitch-black streak extending nearly from the
base to a little beyond the middle; tibia bistre-hrown, piceous at the base and for some distance before
the tip; tarsus and tip of tibia whitish-amber. Hinder femora reddish or purplish pitch-brown, with the
base and a comparatively narrow band a little beyond the middle whitish ; tibiee and tarsi whitish-yellow-
amber colour. Wings vitreous; fore wing with a small piceous cloud at the near end of the pobrachial,
a cloudy streak at the near ends of the stems of the prabrachial and sector, and with the borders of the
cross-veinlets also faintly clouded ; great cross-vein pitch-black, clouded, especially externally, with pitch-
brown. Neuration (over white paper) very distinct to the naked eye; in some lights uniformly piceous,
in other postures the cross-veinlets become pitch-black and the longitudinal nervures amber colour.
Cross-veinlets arranged in the disk in about seven transverse series, reckoned along the sector, that extend
to the hind margin; the marginal area contains about seven before and fourteen beyond the bulla,
all well defined, of which a few in the pterostigmatic region are linked together. In the hind wing
the great cross-vein and the extreme base of the stem of the subcosta are pitch-black.
9. Thorax light raw umber, varied posteriorly with bistre-brown. (Abdomen eroded by cabinet pests.)
Joinings of sete alternately black. The band nearest to the base of the femur is nearly obliterated, but
blackish; the coxa and extreme base of the femur are whitish-ochre. In the marginal area of the fore
wing about seven cross-veinlets precede and eleven, slightly curved, follow the bulla; in the disk,
counted along the sector from its junction with the cubitus, are about eight transverse series of cross-
veinlets that extend to the hind margin; neuration rather indistinct to the naked eye.
Length of wing, ¢ 7, 2 8; sete, ¢, 16 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith; one 2 imag.); GuaTEMALA, San Juan
in Vera Paz (Champion; one ¢ imag.).
Other species of Thraulus are represented in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection,
but the specimens are unfavourable for description. ‘They are three in number, from
as many separate localities, viz. :—-one ? imag. from Pantaleon, Guatemala (Champion) ;
one ¢ imag. and one subimag. from San Gerdnimo, Guatemala (Champion) ; and one
subimag. from N. Sonora, Mexico (Morrison).
Genus .’
A new genus allied to Adenophlebia is represented in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s
collection by a single @ subimago from San Gerdénimo, Guatemala (Champion).
Referring to the Analysis of the Genera of the Leptophlebia-type in Eaton, Rev. Mon.
Ephem. p. 313, it would be scheduled thus :—(23) Tarsal claws all narrow and unci-
nate. (24) Hind wing oblong-ovate, oblique, strongly angulated in front, with the
marginal area of nearly uniform width from the base to the angle and then obliquely
acuminate.—The first and second axillar nervures meet near the roots of the fore wing.
Ventral lobe of the ninth abdominal segment (injured at the present time) formerly
EPHEMERELLA.—TRICORYTHUS. 11
noted as ‘‘ emarginate or shortly excised ;” posterior lateral angles of the dorsum of the
same segment acutely produced. Sete (now lost) 3, subequal. ‘Tarsi as in Adeno-
phlebia; intermediate leg of ordinary proportions. |
The specimen in dying began to shed its slough. The following particulars are note-
worthy concerning it:—-Wings sepia-brown, with pitch-black neuration variable in
detail; in the marginal area of the fore wing are about seven cross-veinlets before and
thirteen beyond the bulla; those in the disk are rather irregular in their arrangement.
Sete very light sepia-grey, with black joinings. Body piceous. Fore femora piceous;
tibie and tarsi lighter. Hinder femora seemingly with a narrow pale band nearly
in the middle.
Length of wing 9 millim.
EPHEMERELLA.
Ephemerella, Walsh, Proc. Acad. Phil. 1862, p. 877; Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 124, t. 14.
figg. 24.a-c (adult details) and t. 87 (nymph) (1884).
This genus inhabits Northern Temperate regions, ranging to the Kullu Himalaya.
Probably largely represented in America, whence six species and several allied nymphs
have been described, and others are extant in collections (cf. Eaton, op. cit. p. 131).
A 2 subimago in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection, labelled N. Sonora,
Mexico (Morrison), gives indication of the southerly range of this genus in America.
TRICORYTHUS.
Tricorythus, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. v. p. 82 (1868) ; Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 188, t. 15. fig. 25
(1884) (adult details) (nymph, t. 41, doubtfully referred here).
A small African, Malayan, and Subtropical American genus, of doubtful occurrence in
the south of Europe.
1. Tricorythus explicatus, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 8, 8 a.)
Adult (dried).— 3. Body pitch-black, slightly browner in some (doubtless just moulted) specimens, "Wings
vitreous; neuration indistinct to the naked eye, except when held up to the light ; subcosta and radius,
except near the base of the wing, greyish-black. Femora pitch-brown, as are also the anterior tibie in
some lights; hinder tarsi and tibie towards their lower extremities impure yellowish-white or pale
amber. Setze (flattened in drying) vitreous, with black edges and joinings.
Q. Very similar to the 3, but with the body pitch-brown.
Length of body, ¢ 4, 9 3; wing, ¢ 5, 97; seta, ¢ about 10, 2 3:5 millim.
Hab. Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison; forty-one ¢, four ¢ ).
The wing of this species differs from that figured by me in the year 1884, cited
above, in the following particulars :—Marginal area devoid of cross-veinlets; the ante-
rior intercalary nervure of the anal-axillar interspace meets the first axillar nervure
c2
12 NEUROPTERA.
more obliquely, and in some specimens is in direct continuity with that part of this
nervure which precedes their junction; the posterior intercalar nervure of the
pobrachial-anal interspace (7'=postical) is often detached from the pobrachial ; and the
cross-veinlets are fewer or more restricted in their distribution. In the @ the posterior
lateral angles of the dorsum of the eighth abdominal segment are nearly right-angled ;
those of segment 9 acuminate, but not setaceously. In the ¢ (hitherto undescribed in
detail in this genus) the forceps basis is entire; forceps-limbs apparently tri-articulate,
with the basal joint nearly half the length of the whole ; penis exposed, turned upwards,
narrow, bifid, with the points connivent. The head of the fly is conformable to that
of Cenis.
LEPTOHYPHES.
Leptohyphes, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xviii. p. 208 (1882) ; Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 140, t. 15.
fig. 25 bis (1884).
A small genus, previously known only by a single species from the Argentine
Republic.
1. Leptohyphes brevissimus, sp. n. (Tab. I. fig. 9, 2 .)
Adult (dried).— 2. Body dark pitch-brown. Femora and extreme bases of tibie lighter pitch-brown; tarsi
and remainder of tibiee impure whitish. Seta white.
Length of body 2; wing 4°5-5°5 ; sete 2 millim.
Hab. Guatemaua, Zapote (Champion; three ?@ ).
But for M. Vayssiére’s representation of the subimago of Prosopistoma with hind
wings [cf. Ann. des Sc. Nat. (6), Zool. xi. t. 1 (1881)], I would have suspected the fly
of that nymph to bea Tricorythus, judging from the form of the @ thorax and abdomen
in these genera, and their relative proportions. At all events, the nymph of Lepto-
hyphes must be of very much the same make as Prosopistoma; and Canis ought not to
intervene between them or be scheduled with Tricorythus and Leptohyphes so intimately
as was done in my Revisional Monograph. Considerable latitude in subsidiary details
of neuration must be allowed for when wings of individual specimens in any of these
three genera are compared with published figures. In some wings of L. brevissimus,
the second axillar nervure (92) is less strongly arched than in others (e. g. than in that
one which is here represented), and sometimes the roundly curved first axillar dies away
in the wing-membrane short of the margin; the intercalary nervures of the anal-axillar
interspace also vary considerably in their mode of attachment, their common stem
meeting the first axillar without any interposition of cross-veinlets, and being linked to
the anal nervure by a single cross-veinlet placed at about the middle of their stem.
The subulate membranous appendages that in some specimens project beyond the
scutellum (as described in Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 140) are probably distinctive of the
LEPTOHYPHES.—BAETIS. 13
subimago, and indicate the possession of a notal hood by the advanced nymph. Their
homologues, present in the subimago of Hphemerella notata, are not retained by the
imago. The wings of Leptohyphes are fringed, and the ventral lobe of the ninth abdo-
minal segment is well developed, with the extreme tip subacute and deflected upwards.
BAETIS.
Baétis, Leach, Brewst. Edin. Encycel. ix. 137 (1815); Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 156, tt. 16, 17.
figg. 29 a—f (adult details), and t. 44 (nymph) (1884-5).
Species of this genus are numerous in most parts of the world. Many of them
are distinguished by characters which cannot be observed in dried specimens (such as
the form of the male genitalia), and are devoid of any other particularly distinctive
characteristics sufficient to mark them off each from its nearest allies. Descriptions
made from the dried insect are of little practical use in such cases, where even actual
comparison of specimens hardly yields anything whereby identification of species can
be decided.
1. Baetis salvini.
Baétis salvini, Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 170, t. 16. fig. 29 @ (adult ¢ details) (1885) °.
Hab. Guaremaia, Zapote (one 2 imag.), Cerro Zunil (one ¢ subimag.), and Panima
in Vera Paz (one 3 and two 2 imag.) (Champion); Costa Rica, Volcan de Irazu
6000 to 7000 feet (Rogers!; subimag., ¢ imag.).
The subimago from Cerro Zunil has light sepia-brown wings with pitch-brown neura-
tion, and the condensation of colouring along the margins of the nervures and cross-
veinlets is noticeable only in a very small part a little beyond the middle of the wing.
The difference between it and the specimen from the Volcan de Irazu described in the
Rev. Mon. Ephem.! may perhaps be due to its being less advanced towards moulting.
The ¢ imago from Panima has the femoral markings rather lighter, and the
markings of the sete not in exact accordance with those of specimens from Irazu
described in 1885. The coloration of the body is well preserved, which was not
the case in the specimens referred to. Thorax light pitch-brown or raw umber
above, varied with light ochreous yellow; metanotum pitch-brown. Dorsum of
abdomen of a rich pitch-brown, with oblique lateral markings that are concolorous
with the light ochreous or flavescent venter, and leave a broad serrate lateral
stripe of the darker colour along the pleura and extreme edge of the venter. The
lighter markings are in segments 2-8 an oblique longitudinal stripe on each side
of the back, broad in segments 3-5, and successively narrower in segments 6-8;
the stripe is faintly indicated in the ninth segment, which has in addition a tri-
angular spot of the same colour at the apical margin just above the pleura. The
tenth dorsal segment, likewise largely of that colour, has a median ovate very light
14 - NEUROPTERA.
brownish spot extending its whole length. The joinings of the ventral segments, as
well as the lateral margins of the second to the eighth segments, are narrowly pitch-
brown ; the lateral borders of the ninth segment broadly so. Forceps brownish in the
first and second joints, pitch-black in the third and fourth. Sete pitch-brown, with
the basal part of a joint here and there whitish, viz.:—counting from the roots, the
base of the fifth joint narrowly whitish ; one third of the seventh joint whitish ; more
of the ninth joint whitish ; then for some distance until nearly the end of the seta
about half of every fourth joint whitish ; and then the whitish markings are reduced
in width and soon finally disappear. Wings nearly as in the type, but the marginal
and submarginal areas of the fore wing each contain two small fuscescent clouds
before the bulla. The band near the middle of the fore femur is indistinct.
The ? imago resembles the ¢ in many respects; but while the greater part of the
neuration of the wing is pitch-black, the subcosta and radius are mostly pitch-brown,
and neither the extreme base of the wing nor the cross-veinlets are clouded or bordered
with fuscescent. ,
Length of body 8-9; wing 10-11°5; setw, ¢ imag. about 27, subimag. 20, 2 imag.
about 25 millim.
Three other species of Baétis, more nearly related than B. salvini to the European
forms, are represented in the collection referred to; but for reasons above stated it
seems inexpedient to name any of them. It will suffice to catalogue them with record
of localities.
Baétis —— ?
Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith; one 2 subimag.).
Baetis —— ?
Hab. Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison ; eight 2, two ¢ subimag., one ¢ and one 9
imag.).
Bacetis ——?
Hab. Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison; eight 3, seven ? subimag., seventeen 3,two 2
imag.).
CENTROPTILUM.
Centroptilum, Eaton, Ent. Monthly Mag. vi. p. 132 (1869); Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 174, t. 17.
figg. 30 a-c (adult details) and t. 46 (aymph) (1884-5).
A comparatively small genus, widely distributed in Europe and North America, and
recorded from Cuba.
CENTROPTILUM.—CHIROTONETES, 15
1. Centroptilum 2
Hab. Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison; one 2 imag.).
The intercalar veinlets at the hind margin of the fore wing of this species are single.
CALLIBATIS.
Callibetis, Haton, Ent. Monthly Mag. xvii. p. 196 (1881); Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 19], t. 16.
figg. 28 a—d (adult details) and t. 48 (nymph) (1884-5).
A genus apparently numerous in North and South America, found also in Australia.
1. Callibztis pictus.
Baétis pictus, Eaton, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 122, t. 5. fig. 27 (detail) '.
Callibetis pictus, Raton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 195, t. 16. fig. 28 ¢ (adult details) (1884-5)
? Cloé undata, Pictet, Hist. Nat. Néuropt. ii., Ephém. p. 264, t. 41. fig. 5 (1843-5) *
Hab. Norta America, Texas !2, California 2,—Mexico?4, Amecameca in Morelos
(F. D. Godman), Orizaba (H. H. Sinith); Guatemaua, near the city, Aceytuno 2 (Salvin),
Duefias, Capetillo (Champion).
2. Callibetis montanus.
Caliibetis montanus, Haton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 196, t. 16. fig. 28d (adult details) (1884-5).
Subimago (dried).— 9 . Wings bistre-grey, transparent, tinged with raw umber-brown in the darker parts
along the anterior margin and near the base. Neuration raw umber-brown, excepting some of the cross-
veinlets in the disk nearest to the wing-roots, and the weaker of those in the marginal area, which are in
some lights whitish. The whitish cross-veinlets in that area are narrowly bordered with whitish. Seta
light brown, with darker joinings.
Length of wing 8 millim.
Hab. Guatemata, Aceytuno 5100 feet (Salvin; one 9 imag. in Mus. McLachlan),
Duefias (Champion; one 2 subimag.).
Another species of Callibwtis is represented in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s cullec-
tion by a 2 subimago, labelled N. Sonora, Mexico (Morrison). It resembles C. mon-
tanus in size, but is of a lighter colour and has fewer cross-veinlets in the marginal
area of the fore wing.
CHIROTONETES.
Chirotonetes, Katon, Ent. Monthly Mag. xviii. p. 21 (1881); Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 208, t. 18.
figg. 33 d-e, t. 19. figg. 33 a, b,? ¢ (adult, details), and t. 49 (nymph) (1884-5).
Most of the few species known of Chirotonetes are North American; but the genus
16 NEUROPTERA.
is represented in Europe and Japan, the Tenasserim valley, and Sumatra. The Central-
American specimens in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collection possibly represent
only one species.
1. Chirotonetes
Hab. Mexico, N. Sonora (Morrison; one 2 subimag.), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schu-
man; one ¢ imag.), Teapa in Tabasco (H. ZH. Smith ; one ? subimag.); GUATEMALA,
San Gerénimo (Champion; one 2 subimag.).
The forceps basis of the male resembles that of Ch. siccus, Walsh (cf. Eaton, Rev.
Mon. Ephem. t. 18. fig. 33d), but in that species the penis-lobes are narrower than in
the one here catalogued.
The Ecdyurus-type of genera is represented in Messrs. Godman and Salvin’s collec-
tion by two species—one from Guatemala, the other Mexican.
Of the first-mentioned species, the genus cannot be ascertained from the single
specimen extant, which is a 2 subimago deprived of all of its legs and sete, except the
femur and part of the tibia of one of the fore legs. The specimen is labelled Panima,
Guatemala (Champion).
The second species, represented by eight subimag. and one ¢ imag., labelled
N. Sonora, Mexico (Morrison), agrees with Cinygma, a N.-American genus, in many
particulars (cf. Eaton, Rev. Mon. Ephem. p. 247). Thus, in the order of their
shortening, the joints of the ¢ hind tarsus rank 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and the first joint of the
male fore tarsus is shorter than the second; the colour of the wings of the subimago
and the colouring of the femora are also in agreement with the characters of Cinygma.
But the ¢ fore tarsus (there is only one remaining) shortens its joints in the following
order,—3, 2, 4, 5, 1, whereas in Cinygma the first joint is much longer than the fifth
joint; and the lobes of the penis spread rather widely at the tips for a Cinygma. In
the absence of the imag., and of a series of the ¢ imag., it is inexpedient to describe
the species.
ODONATA. 17
Fam. ODONATA *.
The following account of the Odonata} of Mexico and Central America is based on
material contained in the collections of :—
(1) Mr. F. D. Godman, Editor of this work, brought together by the field-labours of
its possessor and the late Osbert Salvin, of Messrs. G. C. Champion, H. H. Smith,
H. J. Elwes, Schumann, H. Rogers, F. Blancaneaux, A. Forrer, M. Trujillo,
G. F. Gaumer, W. B. Richardson, and, more recently, Mr. and Mrs. 8. N. Rhoads.
(2) Mr. Robert McLachlan, of London, including types of species described by him
and by Baron E. de Selys-Longchamps, or specimens identified by these two
authorities.
(3) The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. (abbreviated
M. C. Z.), thanks to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, comprising, among others, the
Hagen collection and series gathered by Messrs. Alexander Agassiz, F. Sumi-
chrast, H. Wilson, G. R. Crotch, and C. H. Van Patten.
(4) The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (A. N. S.).
(5) The United States National Museum at Washington, D.C. (U.S. N. M.), thanks
to Mr. W. H. Ashmead.
(6) The American Museum of Natural History in New York (A. M. N. H.), thanks
to Mr. Wm. Beutenmiiller.
(7) Mr. C. C. Adams, of Chicago, Illinois. |
(8) Mr. C. C. Deam, of Bluffton, Indiana, communicated by the kindness of Mr. E.
B. Williamson. |
(9) The writer (abbreviated P. P.C.). The Mexican material possessed by Mr. Adams
and myself is, in large part, the result of recent collections by Mr. O. W. Barrett,
of Clarendon, Vermont, to whose liberality and interest it is a pleasure to testify.
It is also proper to include in this list (10) the collections from Mexico in the
possession of the California Academy of Sciences at San Francisco, which, although
already reported upon {, must be frequently quoted in the following pages.
When no mention is made of the collection in which a given species is represented,
that of Mr. Godman is to be understood.
* By Pare P. Carvert, Ph.D., Instructor in Zoology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.,
U.S.A. -
+ My preference is to regard the
others; but to preserve uniformity
the Odonata are here considered as a Family, in deference to the wishes of the Editor.—P. P. Catvurr.
+ “The Odonata of Baja California, Mexico.” By Philip P. Calvert. Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 463-
558, pls. xv.-xvii. (Feb. 19, 1895).
«“ Odonata from Tepic, Mexico, with Supplementary Notes on those of Baja California.” By Philip P.
Calvert. Loc. cit. (3) Zool. i. pp. 371-418, pl. xxv. (May 22, 1899).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., October 1901. d
Odonata as an Order, following the later views of Brauer, Packard, and
of treatment for the various groups of Neuroptera included in this volume,
18 NEUROPTERA.
Anything like a summary of the Odonate-fauna of this region must be left until
the conclusion of the work. One remark may be made in this place. It is that the
material which it has been possible to study reveals so many variations and data for
discussion of general questions that I have thought it necessary to state, under each
species, the number of individuals which I have actually examined in writing of them.
Much, indeed, of the value of what I have here written depends on comparisons made
from numerous, and not from a few, individuals. And on the other hand, it is to be
understood that, where I cite localities without any statements as to the number of
individuals, such citations are from pre-existing literature, or from manuscript com-
munications, or from my own previous studies, and not from examinations made
expressly for the present work. The reader who wishes to test my conclusions
concerning any species has therefore to consult the list of localities quoted in order to
learn the extent of the material on which my assertions are based.
The terminology employed is, for the most part, that of my “ Introduction to the
Study of the Odonata” (Transactions of the American Entomological Society, xx.
pp. 152 a-218, Philadelphia, 1893).
I. ZYGOPTERA.
Front and hind wings similar in shape, or nearly so, without a membranule, with a
quadrilateral. Males having the sternites of the eleventh abdominal segment developed
as two clasping-organs—the so-called inferior, terminal, abdominal appendages. Nymphs
with three caudal tracheal gills.
AGRIONIDZ.
Head transversely elongated, eyes separated from each other; lateral lobes of the
labium two-jointed, middle lobe bifid. Females with genital valves.
Synopsis of the Subfamilies.
Median sector separating from the principal nearer to the arculus than to
the nodus.
Antenodals five or more, cross-veins in the postcostal area beginning _
before the level of the apex of the quadrilateral . . . . . . . 1. CaLopreryeina.
Antenodals two, cross-veins in the postcostal area beginning at the
level of the apex of the quadrilateral . . . 2 Lesrina.
Median sector separating from the principal nearer to the nodus than to
the arculus.
Antenodals two to five, but usually two . . . . . «. - + « « « 8. AGRIONINE *,
* The reasons leading to these modifications of the usual classification of the Zygoptera are discussed in an
article entitled “On the Systematic Position of Thaumatoneura inopinata, McLachlan (Order Odonata), with
some Remarks on the Classification of the Suborder Zygoptera,” which will shortly be published in the
Entomologists’ Monthly Magazine (London).
HETARINA. 19
Subfam. CALOPTERY GINA.
Key to the Genera of the present faunal district.
§ 1. Lower sector of the arculus arising from near the middle of the
latter, upper sector arising farther forward.
Antecubitals (or antenodals) in the costal and subcostal spaces ap-
proximately equal in number. Quadrilateral approximately
equal in length to the median space or much longer. . . . . Loion CaLopreryx.
Median space with cross-veins, arculus not bent ; pterostigma, when
present, of one cell only; males with the front wings having
the postcostal space of more than two rows of cells and a red
basal spot in all the species of this fauna. . . . . . . - Genus HETzARINA.
Median space free, arculus bent where its sectors arise ; pterostigma,
when present, of more than one cell; first antennal jomt much
shorter than the second . . . . ~~. ~~ + + + + + Genus CaLopreryx.
Antecubitals in the costal space at least twice as numerous as those in
the subcostal space. Quadrilateral much shorter than the median
space 2. ee ee Lecion AMPHIPTERYX.
Quadrilateral free, postcostal cross-veins beginning before the apex
of the quadrilateral, some postcubitals between the pterostigma
and the costa. . . ~ oe . Genus AMPHIPTERYX *,
§ 2. Lower and upper sectors of the arculus arising together from ‘the
upper end of the latter © . 2. ee e ee . . . . Legion THore.
Median sector unbranched, no supplementary sectors between the
short sector and the superior sector of the triangle +, only one
antecubital distinctly thicker than the others . . . . . . ~ Genus Cora.
HETAERINA.
Heterina, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 30 (1853) ; Monogr. Calopt. p. 96 (1854) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon.
p- 104 (1890).
For some years it has been known that the division of the species of Heterina into
two primary groups, based on the absence or the presence of a pterostigma!, is
untenable, since a number of species have been found to vary from the one condition
to the other, each within its own specific limits. The subordinate divisions depending
on the presence or absence of red or brown spots on the tips of the wings of the males
are also unsatisfactory, since, even in those species in which such spots are present,
* Baron de Selys gave [Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 450 (1859)] as a character separating Amphipteryx
from Dinewra (=Diphlebia) that the former had no supplementary sectors between the short sector and the
superior sector of the triangle. The present material of Amphipteryx does not sustain this statement, owing
to the considerable percentage of individuals in which such supplementary sectors exist.
+ This character, which distinguishes Cora from the genus Thore, is subject to exception in 5°5 per cent. of
the present material of Cora marina (specimens from San Gerénimo), but otherwise it seems good.
d 2
20 NEUROPTERA.
they are often quite late in appearing. No identification of a male Hetwrina is certain
unless its terminal abdominal appendages have been examined and the determination
based thereon, although in some species a high degree of probability may be reached
without reference to those structures. For the females, however, very few structural
characters are known to exist ; in some species we are uncertain whether the females
are correctly referred to the corresponding males, while in other cases it seems
impossible to find any constant differences between females of species whose males are
readily distinguished.
Bearing all these facts and difficulties in mind, we present a key to the species of
Heterina known from the present fauna, in the hope that it will prove more exact
than those previously published *. Since one has not unfrequently to attempt the
identification of Hetewrine in which the apex of the abdomen is lost, some subsidiary
characters have been introduced to afford aid in such cases. Finally, since not a
generic or specific character appears to exist which does not suffer some percentage of
variation, it will not be surprising if readers of this work find individuals which ‘“ do
not fit” the key. It is claimed, however, that, so far as the present material goes,
these characters seem less variable than those previously employed for this purpose.
Key to the Mexican and Central-American Species of Heterina.
§ I. Hind wings with but one row of cells between the lower sector of the
triangle and the hind margin of the wing beyond the level of the apex of
the quadrilateral. Labrum black, with a yellow spot each side. Male
with a rounded brown spot on the tips of all four wings; female
unknown... . . . . . eee eee ee ee wwe. OL, fuscoguttata.
§ I. Hind wings with two rows of cells (not more) in a considerable part of
the area mentioned in § J. Labrum variously coloured.
Males.
a. Inferior terminal abdominal appendages well developed, at least one-third
as long as the superiors.
6. Inferior appendages not, or but slightly, enlarged at the tip.
c. Tips of the wings brown or uncoloured.
d. Basal spot of both front and hind wings chiefly or wholly red when
mature.
* It should also be stated that, in drawing up this key, one or more specimens of the following South-
American species have been studied, with the result that they all fall within §II.: duplex 3, simplex 3 2,
sanguinea 3, rosea S 2, caja SQ, dominula 3, auripennis 3, hebe Sg, sanguinolenta ¢ 2, lesa 2, car-
nifee 3 (22), longipes 3, moribunda 3, brightweli g. Of the 42 “species” of Hetwrina enumerated
by Kirby in his Catalogue, 35 have been examined for this purpose.
That the sections (§ I., I1., III.) are not to be regarded as of generic or subgeneric rank is shown by the
fact that in at: least one species, majuscula, the male falls in one section, the female in another.
HETARINA. 21
e. Labrum partly or chiefly yellowish or pale brown; tips of the
hind wings with no rounded brown spot . 2. cruenta; 3. vulneratata ; 4. ameri-
cana (to be distinguished by their appendages, see Tab. IJ.)
ee. Labrum entirely black, with a metallic blue reflection ; tips of
the hind wings with a rounded brown spot . . . . . - « 5. sempronia.
dd. Basal spot of front wings red, of hind wings brown, when mature.
f. Red basal spot of front wings not bordered with brown externally,
basal spot of hind wings not reaching to nodus. .. . . 6. tricolor.
ff. Red basal spot of front wings bordered with brown externally,
basal spot of hind wings reaching to the nodus or beyond . . 7. titia.
cc, Tips of the front wings clear, of the hind wings with a small rounded
red spot, when mature . . Loe ee wee we 8. CG.
bb. Inferior appendages distinctly enlarged at ; tip.
g. This enlargement subspherical ; a rounded red spot on the tip of each
hind wing, when adult . . . .- . | ; 2 8 . . . 9 ptlula.
gg. This enlargement having the form of a racquet ; 3 a rounded brown
spot on the tips of all the wings, except in the var. sublimbata . . 10. macropus.
aa. Inferior appendages rudimentary . . . . . . Ll. miniata; 12. capitalis (easily
separated by the form of their superior appendages, see Tab. II.).
Females.
a. Labrum in part, at least, yellow.
b. Metallic green on either side of the thoracic dorsum (mesepisternum)
divided into two spots, the anterior contiguous to the mid-dorsal
carina, the posterior separated from it by buffor brown . . . . . 6. tricolor.
bb. Metallic green* of each mesepisternum continuous, contiguous to the
mid-dorsal carina (or nearly so) throughout its entire length.
c. Metallic green of each mesepisternum not reaching outward to the
humeral suture . . . . . 8. caja; 2. cruentata (apparently not distinguishable).
cc. Metallic green of each mesepisternum reaching outward to the humeral
suture, at least at its posterior (upper) end.
d. The same metallic green at its anterior (lower) end one-half (or
less) as wide as the mesepisternum itself.
e. Dorsal carina of the 10th abdominal segment not terminating
posteriorly in a spine; pterostigma absent . . . . . . - 38. vulnerata.
ee. Dorsal carina of the 10th abdominal segment terminating pos-
teriorly in a spine which projects beyond the apical margin. |
f. Pterostigma, if present, obscure in colour . . . . . ~ ~ 10. macropus.
ff. Pterostigma, if present, white and opaque . . '. . 7. young ¢itia (where the
pterostigma is absent these two species seem indistinguishable).
dd. The same metallic green almost as wide throughout as the mes-
episternum. .
* Note that the metallic green is replaced by coppery-red in some individuals.
92, NEUROPTERA.
g. Wings darker (yellowish or brownish) in the apical part of the
hind wings. . . . . . 7% old titia.
gg. Wings darker (yellowish or yelowish-browa) in "the basal part
of both pairs... . . oe eee we ew A Americana.
aa, Labrum entirely black, with metallic green or blue reflections.
h. Hind wing 28°5 to 32 mm.long . - »- - © + ee te th tos 12. capitalis.
hh. Hind wing 36°5 mm. long en eee ee ee ee ew ee 18, majuscula.
§ III. Hind wings , with three + rows of cells in the area mentioned in §1. Labrum black,
with a metallic green or blue reflection.
Males.
a. Inferior appendages rudimentary . . 18. majuscula; 14. infecta; 15. tolteca (distinguished
by their superior appendages, see Tab. IT.).
aa. Inferior appendages well developed. . - - - © © + e+ e+ es hoes 16. rudis.
Females.
a. Postcostal area of the front wings not very densely reticulated.
b. Postcostal area of the front wings with 2 or 3 rows of cells between the
postcosta and the hind margin. Median space and tundniatersl with
an average of 7 cross-veins each . . . . . . 14. infecta.
bb. Postcostal area of the front wings irregular, with @ maximum of 5 cells |
(not rows) on a straight line from postcosta to hind margin. Median
‘space and quadrilateral with an average of 1] cross-veins each . . . 16. rudis.
aa. Postcostal area of the front wings very densely reticulated, the cells not
arranged in distinct rows, often 8 or 9 cells on a straight line from post-
costa to hind margin. © 2. 2 ee ee eee eee eee 1%, marcia.
The following sexes are unknown:—The male of maxima; the females of fusco-
guttata, sempronia, pilula, miniata, tolteca. .
It may also be of use to the student, who has, unfortunately, to deal with broken
material, to enumerate the species which when adult possess certain features of
coloration, &c., in the wings, an asterisk (*) indicating that the species in question
varies as regards the feature stated :—
Males only.
Tips of the wings clear:—4. americana* ; 2. cruentata* ; 3. vulnerata*® ; 12. capitalis* ;
15. tolteca (?).
Tips of the hind wings only with a red spot :—8. caja; 12. capitals * ; 9. pilula; 14. infecta.
Tips of both wings with a red spot :—11. miniata ; 12. capitalis*; 13. majuscula*; 16. rudis.
+ Occasionally, in individuals of H. americana, there are three rows of cells in this area, but the labrum
is in large part yellowish.
HETARINA. 23
Tips of both wings edged with brown :—2. cruentata *; 3. vulnerata® ; 6. tricolor* ; 7. titia ;
10. macropus, var. sublimbata. .
Tips of both wings with a rounded brown spot:—l0. macropus (except var. sublimbata) ;
1. fuscogutiata.
Tips of hind wings only with a rounded brown spot :—5. sempronia.
Males and Females.
Pterostigma always absent, so far as at present known :—l. fuscoguttata ; 2. cruentata ;
3. vulnerata ; 8. caja.
Pterostigma regularly varying from present to absent:—4. americana; 6. tricolor; 7. titia ;
10. macropus ; 12. capitals; 15. tolteca (?); 16. rudis.
Pterostigma never absent, so far as at present known :—5. sempronia; 11. miniata ;
18. majuscula; 14. infecta ; 17. maxima.
1. Heterina fuscoguttata. (Tab. II. figg. 33, 34.)
Heterina fuscoguttata, Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xx1., Compt. Rend. p. xxi (1878) >; Bull. Acad.
Roy. Belg. (2) xlvii. p. 8367 (1879)? ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) *.
Hab. Panama! 2, Bugaba (Champion: 1 ¢ ).
De Selys's second description is much the more detailed. Compared with it, the
present male is a little smaller—abdomen 40°5 mm., hind wing 26°5 mm. The basal
red, or rather pink, spot of the front wings occupies also the submedian space outward
to the level of the middle of the quadrilateral ; and on the hind wings, instead of
being “ nulle,” it exists as a pink cloud in the submedian space from the wing-base
two-thirds of the way to the arculus. ‘There are four yellow stripes on either side of
the thorax, viz., at the humeral, first and second lateral sutures, and on the met-
epimeron just above the latero-ventral metathoracic carina. The metasternum of this
male is pruinose. The inferior appendages are half as long as the superiors, instead
of “un tiers plus courts.” Two or more double cells exist within the median space
on all the wings. The apical brown spots on the wings are scarcely more densely
reticulated than adjacent uncoloured areas.
3. Heterina cruentata. (Tab. II. figg. 31, 32; Tab. II. fig. 19.)
Calopteryx cruentata, Rambur, Névr. p. 228 (1842) *.
Hetgrina cruentata, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 39 (1853) *; Monogr. Calopt. p. 127, t. 4. fig. 3 (wing) ;
t. 12. fig. 1 (apps.) (1854) *; in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 461 (1857) *; Walker, List Neur.
Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 625 (1853) °; Hagen, Neur. Am. p. 59 (1861) °; Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat.
Hist. pp. 23, 28 (1875) *.
9? Calopteryx luteola, Ramb. Névr. p. 223 (184.2) *.
Heterina luteola, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 105 (1890)’.
Hab. Mexico?, Misantla (Godman: 7 3, 2 2), Jalapa (M. Trujillo: 23, 4 2%;
Rhoads: 1 9; Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 19; and in coll. Adams, P. P. C. det.), Coatepec
24 NEUROPTERA.
[1 3], Chavarillo [1 2 ] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Texolo (Rhoads: 4 3,1 2), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith: 16,5 2; Schumann: 6 ¢, 3¢@), Orizaba (H. H. Smith, Godman,
Elwes: 15 6,7 9%), all in Vera Cruz; Brivish Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaua:
13,12); Guatemata (coll. McLachlan: 23), Polochic Valley (coll. McLachlan:
1 3), Panzos [2 ¢ ], Chacoj (1 ¢ ], Purula[l ¢? ], Panima [1 ¢ ], San Gerénimo [3 ¢,
29], Guatemala city [6 ¢], Duefias [1 3,2 ¢ ], Zapote [12 ¢, 5142 | (Champion),
Aceituno (Champion: 1 3; coll. McLachlan: 1 3); Costa Rica (Van Patten: 1 3),
Rio Sucio [2 ¢], Irazu 6000-7000 feet [12 5,3 g], Caché [20 ¢,16 2], San
Francisco 4500 feet [5 ¢,3 2] (Rogers), Diquis Valley, Rio del Convento (coll.
Adams, P. P. C. det. 1897); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Volcan de
Chiriqui below 4000 feet (Champion: 1 ¢ ).—CoLoMBIA ° (Moritz, “ Heterina lineata,”
M.C.Z.: 18), Cauca (Staudinger, M. C. Z.: 1 4), Santa Fé de Bogota (Lindig, 1868,
M.C0.Z.: 286,292); VuEnezvera?; Surinam?; Braziu?; West Inprus, Martinique ®.
The following measurements from some of the above material may be recorded :—
Mexican individuals: Abdomen, ¢ 33-37°5 mm., @ 28-32; hind wing, ¢ 26-28,
@ 25:°5-27°5. |
Caché, Costa Rica: Abdomen, ¢ 34-38, 2 27-32; hind wing, 3 24°5-28,
Q 24:5-28°5.
The “ H. lineata,” 3, from Colombia, has the abdomen 42, hind wing 31 mm.; but
Lindig’s specimens from Bogota have the same dimensions as those of medium-sized
Mexican individuals.
For further remarks on H. cruentata, see under H. vulnerata, infra.
Since the determination of the females of this species is often so difficult, it is
certainly safer to use the name cruentata, in preference to luteola, adopted by Kirby ®.
3. Heterina vulnerata. (Tab. II. fig. 30; Tab. III. fig. 18.)
Heterina vulnerata, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 40 (1853)*; Monogr. Calopt. p. 130, t. 12. fig. 2
(apps. ¢) (1854)?; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 626 (1853) °; Hagen, Neur.
N. Am. p. 60 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. pp. 28, 28 (1875) ’; Kirby, Cat.
Odon. p. 105 (1890) °.
Hab. Unyrrep Sratzs, Arizona (C. U. lot 35, M. C. Z.: 1 3 ).—Muexico?, Sierra
Madre de Tepic (Richardson: 1 2), Dublan in Hidalgo (Barrett, coll. P,P. C.: 26,
22; and in coll. Adams, P. P. C. det.), Morelia (Godman: 1 3), Uruapam (Lhoads:
13 ¢, 26 2; coll. Deam), Texolo (Rhoads: 2 3), Orizaba (Elwes, H. H. Smith,
Godman: 6 6, 2 @), Santa Maria in Puebla [1 ? |, Santa Fé in the Distrito Federal
[3 3 ] (Barrett, coll, P. P. C.), Cuernavaca in Morelos (coll. McLachlan: 1 3; Barrett,
coll. P.P.C.: 738,62; H.H. Smith: 4 3; coll. Deam, det. P. P. C.), Omilteme
8000 feet [4 ¢, 1 2], Xucumanatlan 7000 feet [1 @], and Tierra Colorada [1 ¢ ], all
in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), San Francisco de Guadalupe (coll. Adams, P. P. C. det.) ;
GuaTeMALA, Purula in Vera Paz. (Champion: 1 2 ).—CoLompia?; Brazin?.
HETARINA. 25
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3g 34-42, 9? 29-33°5 mm.; hind wing, ¢ 24:5-31°5,
9 27-32°5.
This species is very closely allied to H. cruentata, differing from it less than do some
individuals of H. americana from each other. I have not, however, been able to find
transitional forms between H. cruentata and H. vulnerata such as connect the varying
individuals of H. americana into one species.
The chief differences of H. vulnerata from H. cruentata, Ramb., appear to be :—
3. Inner inferior edge of the superior appendages with a median convex enlarge-
ment, which is not angular from any point of view; this enlargement is followed by
a small acute tooth, usually not visible from directly above, but to be seen when the
appendage is viewed from the inner side at an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane.
In H. cruentata the corresponding enlargement is more pronounced, so as to form a
tubercle, which appears angular at its distal side, and there is no small tooth following.
Of the other differences given in the ‘Monographie des Calopterygines,’ p. 130,
none seem constant enough to be diagnostic. Thus some H. vulnerata males (e. g. from
Dublan and Orizaba) have the epistoma metallic blue: many H. cruentata have it
metallic green. H. vulnerata, 5, usually has the thoracic dorsum dark coppery-red
almost to the humeral suture (which is occupied by a narrow yellowish-brown stripe),
and the mesepimeron dark brown, with a metallic coppery reflection; H. cruentata, 3,
has the dark mid-dorsal metallic band reaching only about halfway from the mid-
dorsal carina to the humeral suture, and only the posterior half of the mesepimeron
dark-coloured and metallic, so that there exists a wide brownish-yellow or brown
non-metallic stripe between the two metallic ones, whose width is as great as that of
the mesepimeron and of which the humeral suture forms the median line. Yet a
H. vulnerata, 3, from Orizaba, agrees with Hf. cruentata in this respect. The inner
surface of all the femora is yellowish-brown in the younger individuals of both. species,
but disappears, giving place to blackish with increasing age in both. ‘The tips.of the
front wings are distinctly edged with brown in some males of H. vudnerata (from
Omilteme and Cuernavaca), while they are perfectly clear in some males of H. cruentata
(from Caché and San Gerénimo), although other individuals from the same localities
have the brown edging. I am unable to find any differences in the obtuseness of the
basal red spot, or in the degree of complication of the postcostal reticulation. The
area between the costa and the median on the front wing is in some H. cruentata as
clear as it usually isin H.vulnerata. No more constancy exists in the degree of snowy
whiteness of the reticulation of the under surface of the basal spot of the hind wings,
which whiteness, indeed, seems to increase with the age of the individual.
2. After having attempted to distinguish the females of HH. vulnerata and
H. cruentata according to the differences given in the ‘ Monographie,’ with results quite
improbable, when compared with the numbers and geographical distribution of the
males of these two species, and noting that no previous authors have stated that they
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., October 1901. e
26 NEUROPTERA.
possessed pairs taken in coitu, I have sought some other way of differentiating this sex.
Mr. Rhoads captured 13 ¢ and 26 @ Hetwrine at Uruapam: all the males were
referable to H. vulnerata, and it was therefore highly probable that some of the females
belonged to the same species. A study of them gave no grounds for believing that the
twenty-six were not specifically identical. Mr. Rogers sent 20 3 H. cruentata from
Caché, but no 3o H. vulnerata; 16 from that locality, evidently all of the same
species, were therefore more likely to belong to H. cruentata than to HA, vulnerata.
A comparison of the Caché females of H. cruentata with the Uruapam females of
H. vuinerata gives only this difference between the two :—
H. vulnerata, 2. Metallic green stripe on either side of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina curving outward at its
upper end to form a hook-like prolongation in front of the ante-alar sinus, the apex of the hook directed
forward and filling the depression at the upper end of the humeral suture.
H. cruentata, 2. No such hook-like prolongation, the metallic green stripe not reaching to the humeral
suture. (Cf. Tab. IIT. figg. 18, 19.)
No other distinguishing feature was constant in the two groups of females mentioned,
although all the characters named in the ‘ Monographie,’ as well as others not considered
therein, were tested for the purpose. On the basis of this single difference the females
of these two species have been identified.
It may be mentioned here that the dark stripes (usually metallic green) on the sides
of the thorax of H. vulnerata may occasionally almost (Santa Maria, @ ), or entirely
(Cuernavaca, @ ), disappear.
4, Heterina americana. (Tab. II. figg. 1-17.)
Agrion americana, Fabr. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 287 (1798) *.
Heterina americana, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 41 (1853)*; Monogr. Calopt. p. 131, t. 12. fig. 3
(apps. d) (1854)°; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 480 (1873)*; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. pp. 23, 28 (1875) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 106 (1890) °; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 372 (1899)"; Howard, Insect Book, t. 46. figg. 9 (3), 11 (2) (entire
insects) (1901) *.
Agrion basalis, Flint edit. Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. &c. t. 1. fig. 2 (entire insect, poor) (1862) °.
Heterina basalis et H. californica, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. pp. 441, 440 (1859) ; Hagen, ~
Syn. Neur. N. Am. pp. 59, 60 (1861) 4 Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 106 (1890) ™.
Heterina californica, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 473 (1895) *,
Heterina terana et H. scelerata, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. ii. pp. 227, 267 (1863) “; Hagen,
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 24 (1875); Kirby, Cat. Odon. pp. 105, 106 (1890) **.
Hab. Canava, Montreal (Lyman, M. C.Z.: 19); Unirep States, Maine to Maryland,
west to Kansas (Banks, 1894), Arkansas (Adams, 1900), Colorado’*, Montana ™,
California 3, Tucson in Arizona (MZ. C. Z.: 14,12), Pecos River (MC. Z.: 1¢,
12), Round Mountain (Schaupp, colts. A, N.S. and P. P.C.: 83, 4 2); San
Antonio [1 2] and Uvalde in Texas [1 9 ] (Dr. Palmer, M. C. Z.) ; Lowsr Ca.irornia,
Comondu!3.—Mexico, Nuevo Laredo [1 ¢? ], Victoria in Tamaulipas [3 ¢ |, Linares in
HETARINA. 27
Nuevo Leon [2 ¢], Durango city [1 ¢,2 9], Jojutla [5 ¢,1 2], Cocula [1 2]
(Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Monclova in Coahuila (Dr. Palmer, M. C.Z.: 1 2), Monterey
(Rhoads: 4 3,12), Tepic (Kisen & Vaslit’, coll. P. P. C.: 10 3,9 9; Schumann:
1 2; Richardson: 2 3), Guadalajara (Schumann: 8 3,5 2), Acambaro in Guana-
juato (Rhoads: 5 3,7 2), Cuernavaca (coll. Deam, Williamson det.; Barrett, coll.
P.P.C.: 18,29; coll. Adams, P. P. C. det.), Mitla, Oaxaca+, Puente de Ixtla
(coll. Deam), Putla (fide Selys*), Cordova, Potrero, Atlihuacan (fide Hagen"),
Tepetlapa [3 ¢,7 2], Chilpancingo [3 ¢ ], Tierra Colorada [1 9] (H. H. Smith),
Tehuantepec (coll. Deam, Williamson det.); Guatemata4t (MM. C. Z.: 1 3).
The variation in the shape of the teeth or tubercles on the inner margin of the
superior appendages of this species is quite considerable, and is illustrated on Tab. IT.
indeed, I have frequently noticed the right and left appendages of the same individual
to differ as much as do two figures of H. americana on this Plate. It was on differences
in these structures that Walsh chiefly relied to distinguish his supposed new species
mentioned above 4, The present writer has already expressed’? his opinion that these
are untenable, and the figures accompanying the present work seem to justify this belief.
It may be stated that even in the same locality, and in the same season of the year,
different individuals (males) show considerable variation in the shape of the superior
appendages: thus, two dried males from Victoria, Tamaulipas, captured in April,
possess appendages very similar to those shown in figs. 15 and 16 respectively ; while
three males, in alcohol, from Tepic, captured in October, have appendages like figs. 5,
12, and 16 respectively *.
* A summary of the following data shows that the variation in the male appendages of Heterina americana is
not correlated with geographical locality nor with the extent of the red colouring on the base of the front wings,
while the existence of the “intermediate” forms, mentioned below, is evidence in support of the view that all
the shapes shown in figs. 1-17 really belong to one variable species. The decimals have the same meaning
as in the explanation of Plate IT.
Superior appendages shaped as in fig. 3 have also been observed in3 ¢ J ojutla, 7-67; 1 gd Linares, ‘91;
1 $ Guadalajara, °7.
Like fig. 4. 1 $ Round Mt., Texas, °85.
5. 1 3 Tepic, 64.
» 9» 6 1 3d Acambaro, -40.
,, 10. 1 ¢ San Bernardino, Calif., no pter., °64.
12. 3 3 Tepic, -73--77; 1 $ Round Mt., Texas, 1:0.
»> 9 14. 1 ¢& Los Angeles, Calif., no pter.,-73; 1 ¢ Durango, no pter. on hind wings, very small on
front wings, 64; 1 g Round Mt., Texas, 1-0; 2 ¢ Bloomington, Illinois, ‘58-62; 4 3 (near) Philadelphia,
Pa., 5-54; 4 $ Patcong Creek, New Jersey, ‘5-64.
Like fig. 15. 1 ¢$ Cuernavaca, 68; 2 ¢ Victoria, Tamaulipas, *5-"67.
» 9 16. 1 o Tepic, 1 ¢ Victoria, Tam., -64; 1 Linares, ‘82; 3 ¢ Monterey, -6--68.
Superior appendages having a shape intermediate between those shown in figg. 1 and 4: 1 g Round Mt.,
Texas, °75; 1 ¢ Pike’s Eddy, Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, ‘5. Intermediate between figg. 1 and 6: 1 ¢
Elkhart, Indiana, ‘61. Intermediate between figg. 1 and 10: 1 d Los Angeles, no pter., -73. Intermediate
e2
39 29
99 99
28 NEUROPTERA.
Nor can the extent of the red spot at the base of the wings be correlated with some
particular variation in shape of the superior appendages. Males with very similar
appendages may differ considerably in the size and coritour of the basal spot (e. g., two
males from Victoria, Tamaulipas, with appendages as in fig. 15, have the basal spot
on the front wings reaching, in one case, one-half the distance to the nodus, in the
other two-thirds of that distance, accompanied by differences in shape of the spot).
Again, males with the basal red spot very similar in extent and shape may possess
differently-shaped superior appendages (e.g. a male from Victoria and one from
Jojutla).
As to the absolute limit to which the red basal spot extends in the Mexican and
Central-American specimens, the material at hand gives as the minimum one cell beyond
the quadrilateral, with the costal and subcostal spaces uncoloured, for the front wings
(Acambaro), and the apex of the quadrilateral for the hind wings (Acambaro); and as
the maximum 14 cells beyond the quadrilateral (87 of the distance from base to nodus),
costal and subcostal spaces coloured to fourth antecubital beyond the level of the apex
of quadrilateral, for the front wings (Linares), and eleven cells beyond the quadrilateral
(8 of the distance from base to nodus) for the hind wings (Linares). This minimum
coincides with the minimum for specimens from the United States, so far as known to
me; but the maximum is less than that of some Texan individuals in which the red
attains the greatest extent to be found in any or all of the forms which are here
referred to H. americana—viz., on the fore wings, on the costal margin to the third
from the last antecubital, and on the hind margin to the level of the fourth postcudbital ;
and on the hind wings, on the costal margin to the last antecubital, on the middle of
the wing to the level of the second postcudital (M. C. Z.). It must not be supposed,
however, that the amount of red increases from south to north in Mexico (7. e. towards
Texas), the examples from Guerrero being very similar to those from Monterey in this
respect. In one and the same locality, be it in Texas or in Mexico, a considerable
variation in the extent of this spot occurs.
between figg. 3 and 12: 1 3 Tepetlapa, 64; 2 ¢ Tepic,-73--77. Intermediate between figg. 3 and 16:
1 $ Jojutla, 62; 2 § Guadalajara, 73; 1 ¢ Tepetlapa, ‘67; 1 ¢ Monterey,-71. Intermediate between
fige. 4 and 11: 1 ¢ Pike’s Eddy, Pa.,°57. Intermediate between figg. 4,12, and 16: 1 ¢ Guadalajara, °68.
Intermediate between figg. 4 and 16: 1 g Elkhart, Indiana,-68. Intermediate between figg. 5 and 14: 1 ¢
Delaware Co., Pa., 54. Intermediate between figg. 7 and 13: 1 ¢ Denver, Colorado, no pter. on hind
wings, ‘59. Intermediate between figg. 7 and 14: 2 g Round Mt., Texas, -92--81. Intermediate between
figg. land 14: 1 g Bloomington, Ill., 6. Intermediate between figg. 12 and 14: 2 ¢ Pike’s Eddy, Pa., °58.
Intermediate between figg. 14 and 16: 1 ¢ Delaware Co., Pa., -64. Intermediate between figg. 15 and 16
1 3 Texas, 69. Intermediate between figg. 16 and 17: 1 ¢ Tepic, ‘74; 1 g Texas, 89; 1 g¢ Bloomington,
Ill., °67.
The philosophical reader, as well as the systematist, may use these data as a commentary on the remarks
of Walsh, ‘ Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia,’ ii. pp. 210 et seq.
HETARINA. 29
_ The pterostigma is represented only by a single, thickened, more oblique postcubital
on both hind wings of the male, and in one female from Durango and in one hind
wing of a female from Acambaro (where, however, its absence seems to be due to an
abnormality in the development of the reticulation). Its absence has been noted !? in
specimens from Comondu, Lower California. According to our existing knowledge,
California (U.S.A.) is the only region where both the pterostigmatous and aptero-
stigmatous forms of H. americana occur !*, In all the other material from our faunal
limits the pterostigma is present, and varies in length, surmounting from one to three
cells. In the males its colour is yellow in the young, blackish in the old, seeming
to darken simultaneously with the darkening of the yellow areas of the thorax. It
never becomes so dark in the females as in the males.
The variations above described in the extent of the basal red spots and of the ptero-
stigma are in contrast to the statement of de Selys+, who wrote of the Mexican and
Guatemalan individuals which he studied :— Je n’ai vu de variation, ni dans l’étendue
des taches basales qui vont jusqu’é mi-chemin de la base au nodus, ni dans les dimen-
sions du ptérostigma.” See also the data which are summarized in the footnote, anted,
p. 27.
De Selys? and Hagen® note that there is no good reason for believing. that this
species also occurs in South America.
5. Heterina sempronia.
Heterina sempronia, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 45 (1853)'; Monogr. Calopt. p. 147, t. 12. fig. 7
(apps. ¢ ) (1854) ?; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxv. p. 482 (1873) °; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit.
Mus. iv. p. 682 (1853)*; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 62 (1861) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. p. 24 (1875) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) ”.
Hab. Untrep States (?t), “probably St. Antonio, Texas” ®&,—Mexico?, Vera Cruz,
Putla (fide Selys?), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 2 3); Panama, Chiriqui (coll.
McLachlan: 1 8 ).—Cotomsta, Bogota °.
6. Heterina tricolor, (Tab. III. figg. 1, 20.)
Calopteryz tricolor, Burm. Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 827 (1839)*; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p. 48 (1898) *. |
Heterina tricolor, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 42 (1853) *; Monogr. Calopt. p. 136, t. 12. fig. 5 (apps. 3)
(1854) *; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 629 (1853) °; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am.
p- 61 (1861) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 24 (1875)"; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 106
(1890) °; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 229 (1893) °; Kellicott, Odonata Ohio, p. 13
(1899) *°; Williamson, 24th Rep. Dept. Geol. Indiana, p. 255 (1900) "'; Howard, Insect Book,
t. 46. fig. 19 (3 entire insect) (1901)”.
Syn.? Heterina macropus, Selys, Monogr. Calopt. p. 142 (1854) (? only)”.
Hab. Unitep States, Philadelphia 1, Ohio 1°, Indiana", Tennessee (Williamson, in
30 NEUROPTERA.
litt.), Georgia ®, San Antonio [1 9], Texas® [3 ¢, 1 @ | (coll. A. NW. S.) *.—Mexico,
Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 2 ¢,1 9), Acapulco in Guerrero (A. Agassiz,
M.C.Z.: 2.3); British Honpuras (Blancaneaur: 3 3); Guatemata, Livingston
(Wilson, M. C. Z.: 1 3,2 2), Cahabon and Teleman in Vera Paz (Champion: 2 3);
Nicaragua, Polvon in Dep’t Occidentale now Chinandega (McNeill, colls. McLachlan
and M.C. Z.: 2 3).
Since, up to the present time, H. tricolor has not been recorded from any locality
farther south than Georgia or Texas, it is not surprising to find that the Mexican and
Central-American individuals exhibit a number of differences from the most detailed
description hitherto published, based on specimens from the United States.
The size is smaller: abdomen, ¢g length 36-39 mm., ? 30-31; hind wing, ¢
25-26°5, 9 26-27.
dg. The second lateral thoracic blackish band (7. ¢. that on the metepisternum) is
sometimes broken into two narrow stripes, one above the other; the third band
(2. ¢. that on the metepimeron) is, in some males, reduced to a small spot, or absent
altogether : these do not appear to be geographical variations.
In all the males the inferior appendages are one-third (not one-half) as long as the
superiors, the brown border at the tips of the wings is very slight, and the pterostigma is
much smaller, as when best developed it measures but one-half a millimetre in length
and surmounts two cells. From this a series of gradual changes in the size of the
pterostigma may be traced as in A. macropus, since some males have only half a cell
beneath it, in others the pterostigma is little more than a slight clouding around a
single more obliquely-placed postcubital (as in certain individuals of the “ variety ”
heterosticta of H. macropus), while in others it is absolutely absent on some of the
wings (Acapulco, Polvon).
The basal red spot on the fore wings of the males is less rounded on its outer (distal)
edge than in the few United States specimens which I have seen. The number of
cross-veins may be fewer or more numerous than stated in the publications quoted.
?. Compared with Selys’s description ? the sides of the thorax are differently coloured,
and are very much as given by Kellicott!°, being a pale brownish-yellow, with a
metallic green stripe on the lower half of the mesepimeron and, in most cases, a short
metallic green streak on the upper part of the metepisternum. The sides of the eighth
abdominal segment are not more distinctly yellowish than those of the other segments.
Pterostigma present in all individuals examined, surmounting from somewhat less than
one to two cells; colour white or obscure, pale brownish.
Thanks to the kindness of Mr. James S. Hine, I have a female from Sugar Grove,
Ohio, before me as I write, as well as others of the same sex from Texas (coll. A. N.S.).
* If H. limbata, Selys, is to be regarded as a variety of H. tricolor, as I am inclined to treat it, we may add
Illinois and Waco, Texas, to the distribution of the insect’.
HETARINA. 31
7. Heterina titia. (Tab. IIT. figg. 2-15.)
Libellula titia, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 83 and index, t. 45. fig. 5 (entire insect) (1773) *.
Agrion titia, Drury, Westwood’s edit. ii. p. 94, t. 45. fig. 5 (1837) *.
Calopteryz titia, Burm, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 826 (1839) °; Rambur, Névr. p. 227 (1842) *.
Heterina titia, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 43 (1853) >; Monogr. Calopt. p. 138 (1854) ° , Bull. Acad.
Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 613 (1873) "3 Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 630 (1853) °;
Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 61 (1861) >. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 24 (1875) °;
Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 106 (1890) ny
Heterina titia, race? bipartita, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 481 (1873) ”.
Heterina bipartita, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 24 (1875) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon.
p. 107 (1890) *; Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 261 (1896) ”.
Hab. Unrrep States, Florida, on the Caloosahatchie River between Fort Thompson
and Fort Daneau (Johnson, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Texas, probably near the Nueces
River (colls. A. N.S. & P.P.C.: 93,42), Waco 10 and San Antonio !° (fide Hagen).
—Me_xico 5, Nuevo Laredo in Tamaulipas (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 6 &,2 2), Atoyac
(Schumann: 5 9; H. H. Smith: 3 ), San Lorenzo, Cordova (Zrujillo: 2 2), Teapa
in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 6 9); Brivisu Honpuras (Blancaneaur: 6 6,3 2), Rio
Sarstoon (Blancaneaux : 2 3); GUATEMALA, Cahabon [1 ¢ |, Teleman [19 ¢, 2 2, one
pair of these in copuld}, and Chacoj [7 ¢, 3 2], all in Vera Paz (Champion);
Honpuras (coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢,1 2), Bay of Honduras 1; Nicaraaua, Chontales
(coll. McLachlan, types of H. bipartita: 2 3 ).—West Iyp1ss, Jamaica".
H. bipartite was doubtfully regarded as a race of H. titia by de Selys!*, and as a
distinct species by Hagen }° and Kirby ™. Its differences (3) from the latter were
thought to be: the smaller pterostigma, hardly surmounting one cell, and the much
less extension of the dark brown coloration, especially on the hind wings. These
supposed peculiarities are negatived by the following facts :—
The present series contains individuals of typical H. bipartita in which the pterostigma
surmounts two cells and is therefore as large as in typical H. titia; also individuals of
H. titia in which the pterostigma is of varying size, from two cells, to 13, 1, or § a
cell, or entirely absent (in 3 ¢ from Chacoj and 1 ¢ from Rio Sarstoon). A complete
and gradual transition exists in the amount of brown on the wings from the condition
in the H. bipartita-type to a condition even still more extended than that of the
H. titia-type. No structural difference has been found between the two forms, and
H. bipartita is, therefore, merely a synonym of H. titza. _
The above facts with regard to the pterostigma amply confirm the suggestion of
de Selys7: “ On peut présumer d’aprés cela et jusqu’a ce qu’on ait pu examiner un
nombre suffisant d’exemplaires en bon état, que la pterostigma varie chez cette espéce
comme chez l’occisa et ses races ou variétés.”
The occurrence of H. bipartita-type, of H. titia-type, or of any of the intermediate
forms which completely connect them, is not correlated with geographical isolation,
82 NEUROPTERA.
for from the present material a complete series from H. bipartita-type to beyond
H. titia-type, with all intergrades, can be made from one and the same locality, as
Teleman in Vera Paz, or Southern Texas, or Nuevo Laredo (Tamaulipas). Nor is the
variation seasonal, for the whole series from Nuevo Laredo was collected in the same
month, July.
The presence of a number of teneral individuals in the present series shows that, of
the two colours on the wings, the brown first appears (see Tab. III.) and subsequently
the red is indicated by a pale pink ‘“‘ wash” over the brown at the base of the front
wings. This pink becomes a deeper and deeper red, while the brown is, at the same
time, darkening. It is needless to say that a teneral male showing the markings
of H. bipartita-type never possesses the markings of H. titia-type, but remains a
H. bipartita-type until death. .
Structurally, H. titéa, 3, is so closely related to H. tricolor, 3, that it is impossible
to distinguish the one from the other in this respect. The greater extent of brown on
the wings of the most darkly coloured WH. titia is not correlated with any greater
density of reticulation, The males of the two species differ in the following colour
peculiarities :—(1) In H. tricolor the area occupied by yellow on the metapleura is
greater than that occupied by black ; the reverse is true for 1. titia. (2) The brown
on the base of the hind wing of ZH. tricolor never reaches the nodus, extending in the
most extreme case to 4%; of the distance from base to nodus and in most individuals to
5 or less ; in H. titra the brown always reaches to the nodus and usually beyond it.
(3) When the colours of the wings have matured, the basal red of the front pair is
bordered externally with brown in H. ¢itia, but not in H. tricolor. .
Seeing the relatively wide range of variation which exists in connecting H. bipartita
with H. titia, it is remarkable that nothing in the present material bridges the much
narrower gap between H. bipartita and #. tricolor, since a considerable range of
territory is inhabited in common. It will not be surprising therefore to discover that
H. tricolor is but the other extreme of the series in which HZ. bipartita and H. titia
are terms.
2. It is with much doubt and hesitation that I have separated the females of
H. titia from those of H. macropus and its varieties, as shown in the preceding key. The
old females of H. titia are readily distinguishable, owing to the dark brown colouring
of their wings, but with the young females the case is quite different, as the wings are
pale yellowish only, as they appear to remain throughout life in H. macropus. Indeed,
I would have referred all the females which, by the preceding key, fall under “ young
H. titia” to H. macropus, were it not that one of them is labelled as having been taken
in coitu with an undoubted H. titia male. I shall not be surprised, therefore, if some
future investigator finds that I have erred in differentiating the females of these two
species. After repeated efforts, I, however, have not been able to do better than is
HETARINA. 33
shown by the key. All these females, which I have placed under JZ. titia, have a
pterostigma.
8. Hetzrina caja.
Libellula caja, Drury, Ill. Exot. Ins. ii. p. 82 and index, t. 45. fig 2 (entire insect) (1773) *.
Agrion caja, Drury, Westwood’s edit. ii. p. 93, t. 45. fig. 2 (1837) *.
Heterina caja, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 32 (1853) °; Monogr. Calopt. p. 104, t. 10. fig. 8 (apps. 3)
(1854) *; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 618 (1853) *; McLachl. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. 1881, p. 27°; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 104 (1890)7; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii.
p. 870 (1899) °.
(Nec Calopteryx caja, Rambur, according to Selys, 1. ¢. 1854, p. 106, although Kirby” has
included this reference.)
Hab. Mexico, Acapulco (Hassler Exped., M. C. Z.: 1 3); Panama, La Chorrera
(Dolby- Tyler ®).—Co.omsia *; VENEZUELA‘, Caracas (Bartleman, U. S. NV. M.: 23 ¢,
12 2); Ecuapor &,
The appendages of the Acapulco male agree precisely with those figured by de Selys 4,
and with those of a male from Puerto Cabello, of the original material of de Selys and
Hagen, now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. The red on
the base of the wings is deeper, however, and on the front pair extends to two-thirds
of the distance from the base to the nodus.
9. Hetwrina pilula, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 27, 35.)
d. Lips, base of mandibles, 2nd antennal joint, and rhinarium yellowish or ochreous ; remainder of the head
black ; nasus with a metallic green, vertex with a coppery-red, reflection.
Prothorax and thoracic dorsum dark brown, with coppery-red reflection. Sides of the thorax yellow, with a
dark brown band having a coppery-red reflection on each of the mesepimeron, metepisternum, and
metepimeron. None of these bands quite reach the bases of the wings or of the feet, their width
successively decreases from before backward. The yellow humeral stripe is about one-half as wide as the
dark brown of the same side of the thoracic dorsum ; mid-dorsal thoracic carina black.
Abdominal segments 1-6 brown, 7-10 black ; a basal yellow (dorsally interrupted) and an apical black ring
at the articulations of 3-6; 10 with a mid-dorsal carina.
Superior appendages about one and a half times as long as segment 10. Viewed from above, nearly straight
in the basal half, curved toward each other in the apical half; inner margin showing a distinct convex
dilatation in the basal third, and in the middle third two teeth, directed backward, the second of which is
the larger and more acute and bears (on the upper-inner surface of the appendage) an oblique slightly
denticulated ridge ; beyond the second tooth the inner edge shows two or three denticles, followed by an
almost semicircular concavity leading to the apex, which is rounded and slightly thickened. In profile-view
the two teeth are visible, the basal convexity is not seen, and the extreme apex is slightly upturned.
Inferior appendages half as long as the superiors, reaching to a level between the two teeth thereof; each
tapers in the basal two-thirds, but is distinctly enlarged and thickened in the apical third, whether viewed
from above or in profile,
Legs blackish, but paler and brownish on the tibize and the lower surtaces of the femora.
Wings with pterostigma black, surmounting one cell to one-half a cell. Hind wings with a carmine spot at
the tip, not more densely reticulated than the adjacent uncoloured areas. Carmine at the base of the
front wings reaching from the median vein to two rows of cells below the postcosta and outward to one
cell beyond the quadrilateral; the basal half of the spot reaches the hind margin of the wing and also
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., October 1901. f
34 | NEUROPTERA.
overflows into some of the subcostal cells. Carmine at the base of the hind wings reaching from the
subcosta to the postcosta, and outward in the subcostal space four cells beyond the quadrilateral, but
elsewhere to one cell less than the apex of the quadrilateral. Reticulation in these spots red, elsewhere
black. About 9 median cross-veins, 7-9 in the quadrilateral, 22 antecubitals, and three rows of postcostal
cells on the front wings.
In the young male all the black is pale brown, and no red is visible on the wings, although the reticulation is
very pale in the areas in which the spots are to appear.
Abdomen, ¢, 39-41; hind wing, 3, 28-30°5 mm. Q unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 1 3); GUATEMALA, Cahabon in
Vera Paz (Champion: 1 3).
The general shape of the appendages and the apical red spot on the hind wings
only are suggestive of the South-American H. rosea and H. dominula ; but H. pilula
is distinguished from them and from other species by the capitate form of the inferior
appendages, the simpler reticulation of the postcostal area, and, although of minor
importance, the presence of a pterostigma. ‘The specific name proposed has reference
to the shape of the enlarged tip of the inferior appendages.
10. Hetzrina macropus.
Heterina macropus, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 44. no. 54 (1853)'; Monogr. Calopt. p. 141 (1854)
(¢ only)*; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 481 (1873) °; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus.
iv. p. 631 (1853) *; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 62 (1861) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
Xvili. p. 25 (1875) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) ”.
Heterina occisa, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 44. no. 55 (1853) °; Monogr. Calopt. p. 143, t. 12. fig. 6
(1854) °; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 481 (1873) °; xxxvi. p. 613 (1873) "; Walker, List
Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 631 (1853) °; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 28
(1875) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) “; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 370 (1899) ©.
Heterina occisa, var. heterosticta, Selys, Monogr. Calopt. p. 146 (1854) *; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2)
xxxv. p. 481 (1873) ””.
Heterina heterosticta, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) *.
Heterina occisa, var. asticta, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 481 (1873) »’.
Heterina asticta, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) *.
Var. sublimbata.
Heterina occisa, var. sublimbata, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 618 (1878) *'.
Heterina sublimbata, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) ”.
The localities are given separately for each of the so-called varieties, to show
clearly the geographical distribution of each of them, so far as shown by the present
material :—
Pterostigma surmounting two or more cells (H. macropus).
Hab. Mexico? (coll. McLachlan: 1 3, with label “H. macropus” in de Selys’s
handwriting), Chavarillo (Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 1 3), Atoyac (Schumann, A. H.
Smith: 2 3), San Lorenzo, Cordova (M. Trujillo: 4 3), Acapulco (fide Hagen ®),
Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 2 3); Guatemaua (Van Patten, M.C.Z.: 1 3).
HETARINA. 35
Pterostigma surmounting more than one, but less than two cells.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 1 3, 3 2), San Lorenzo, Cordova
(M. Trujillo: 3 3), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 3 3,4 %); GUATEMALA, Chaco}
in Vera Paz (Champion: 1 3); Costa Rica, Caché (Hogers: 1 ¢ ).
Pterostigma surmounting one cell (occisa-type).
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 4 ¢,4 9), Teapa in
Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 3 6,2 9), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.:
13,12); Guaremata (Van Patten: 1 6,16, 1 2, locality doubtful, all three in
M. C. Z); Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler °).—Cotomsia, Bogota 1°; VENEZUELA °
(coll. P. P. C.: 1 ¢); Trintpap (Caracciolo, coll. A. N.S.: 3 3).
Pterostigma surmounting less than one cell (H. heterosticta).
Hab. Muxico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 1 6,3 9); GuateMana, Livingston
(Wilson, M.C.Z.: 1 ).—Cotomsra, Bogota (coll. P.P.C., ex coll. Suffert: 1 ¢ ),
Santa Fé de Bogota (Dohrn, M.C. Z.: 1 3); Venuzunta 16 (coll. P.P.C.: 1 3).
No pterostigma (H. asticta).
Hab. Mexico, Putla! in Puebla (coll. McLachlan: 1 3, with label “ 1. asticta” in
de Selys’s handwriting), Dos Arroyos [4 ¢, 1 2] and Rio Papagaio [1 ¢ ], both in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith).
Var. sublimbata.
Hab. Panama (coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢ , type of de Selys).
De Selys in his latest writings on this species states that several forms, previously
regarded as specifically distinct, are no more than slight variations in the size of the
pterostigma and the colouring of the tip of the wing. Recognizing as the important
character common to all these variations (and which is therefore the specific character)
“Ja forme des appendices anals inférieurs trés-longs, gréles et terminés subitement par
une petite téte élargie en raquette aplatie ovale”, the variations are distinguished
as follows (males only) 1° 1! :—
Pterostigma surmounting two or more cells.
Tips of the wings with a narrow terminal brown border. . . . . . var. sublimbata, Selys.
Tips of the wings with a small rounded brown spot . . . . - + - Var. macropus, Selys.
Pterostigma surmounting one cell, tips of the wings as in macropus. . . occisa-type.
Pterostigma surmounting one-half of a cell, tips of the wings as in
macropus . . . var. heterosticta.
Pterostigma wanting, tips of the wings as in macropus. . . . + + + Var. asticta, Selys.
It seems necessary, however, to depart from the Selysian nomenclature in one
respect, and to style the species H. macropus instead of H. occisa.
f2
36 NEUROPTERA.
Of the variety sublimbata I have examined one of the two male types sent me
for study by Mr. McLachlan. The dimensions, not given in the description, are:
abdomen 37 mm., hind wing 24°5 mm.
As to H. macropus, Hagen indeed says®, “In Selys’ Syn. Addit. 11., H. macropus is
considered a variety of H. occisa. I believe them distinct.” But as I have before me
a male H. macropus labelled by de Selys himself (who possesses the types of this
species), and as I find no other specimens more likely to be H. macropus than this
male, I think that the identity of H. macropus and H. occisa may be accepted.
The value of the various varietal names founded upon the size of the pterostigma
appears to me to be very slight, owing to the complete intergradation which exists, the
fact that two or more “ varieties” live in the same locality, and, finally, that the size of
the pterostigma on the different wings of the same individual is often very dissimilar.
The greatest number of cells surmounted by the pterostigma (in the series accessible
to me) is three, but no such instance occurs on all four wings of the individuals in
question ; one or more wings have only 24 cells beneath the pterostigma.
In many cases the pterostigma, instead of exactly surmounting two adjacent cells,
lies above one entire cell and the adjacent halves of two others; but such cases may be
included with those in which two complete cells are surmounted. Similarly, when a
pterostigma surmounts the adjacent halves of two cells, such a case is to be classed as
* pterostigma surmounting one cell.”
The present series contains males in which the pterostigma surmounts 2 cells on
two wings, 14 cells on the other two; in others, 13 cells lie below the pterostigma
on all the wings, or on three wings, while on the fourth wing there is but one cell.
Among those males in which the pterostigma surmounts one cell are some in which
two of the wings have hardly any pterostigma, or in which there is but half a cell lying
beneath on two wings.
To H. heterosticta have been referred, by Hagen, some specimens (JM. C. Z.) now
before me, in which the pterostigma is reduced to a slight clouding around a single
postcubital, which forms a more oblique angle with the costa than its fellows. It does
not appear that this cross-vein (pterostigmal vein) always represents the same end of
the pterostigma (inner or outer) of the typical H. oecisa or of H. macropus.
In individuals referable to H. asticta, in which not even any slight clouding or even
thickening of a vein exists, the position of the lost pterostigma is usually indicated on
one or more wings by the greater obliquity of a single postcubital in that part of the
wing where a pterostigmia elsewhere occurs.
In H. macropus and its varieties, except in H. sublimbata, the tips of all four wings
of the males are marked with a small rounded brown spot. On the hind wings the
number of cells within this spot is greater than in the adjoining unspotted portions of
the wings. A similar increased density of reticulation sometimes exists in the spot on
the tips of the front wings, but is not usual. In teneral males, before these apical
HETARINA. 37
brown spots are well developed, the more densely reticulated area on the hindwings
can be distinctly seen where the spot is to appear, viz., between the first and second,
or between the first and third*, of the longer supplementary sectors below the
principal sector. It sometimes happens that one of the hind wings does not show this
denser reticulation at this place, but in such cases the brown spot is usually broken
into several detached spots (¢, San Lorenzo, Cordova). No such denser reticulation
is observable on the single specimen of H. sublimbata which I have examined, in
which, however, only the wings of the right side remain.
Selys says ® of the 10th abdominal segment of H. occisa, 3, that it is “ terminé par
une caréne entre deux trés-petites pointes.” I have not been able to find these two
points in any male I have before me. They are well-developed in H. tricolor.
As to the females of H. macropus, the reader will refer to what has been said (ante)
concerning the similarity and the differentiation of this sex and that of H. titia. The
enumeration of the material of H. macropus shows that in the females, as in the males,
a great variation in the size of the pterostigma exists.
11. Hetzrina miniata, (Tab. II. figg. 22, 29.)
Heterina miniata, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlvul. p. 370 (1879) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107
(1890) °.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 3, type of Selys).
I have seen only this unique male type, sent by Mr. McLachlan for examination.
The superior appendages are remarkable in this genus for their absence of teeth.
12. Heterina capitalis. (Tab. II. figg. 21, 28.)
Heterina capitalis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 482 (1873) *; xxxvi. p. 614 (1873) ?; xlvii.
p. 369 (1879)°; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 107 (1890) *.
Heterina majuscula, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 257 (1869) (part.) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. p. 29 (1875) °.
Hab. Guatemata (A. UM. N. H.: 1 3), San Gerénimo [1 ¢ |, Zapote [2 ¢,2 2]
(Champion), Volcan Atitlan (Salvin, in coll. McLachlan: 1 3); Costa Rica, Caché
(Rogers: 1 3), Rio del Convento, Diquis Valley (coll. Adams, P. P. C. det. 1897);
Panama 7, Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet (Champion: 1 ¢ ).—CoLomBia, Bogota
(Lindig, 1863, M.C.Z.: 13,192).
The reference of H. majuscula, Hagen®, to this species is based on a careful
examination of one of his males, which, indeed, had been placed with ZH. capitalis in
the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., perhaps by himself.
* This alternative statement is rendered necessary by the considerable individual difference which exists in
the number and relative lengths of the supplementary sectors in this part of the wing. ‘‘ Longer supplementary
sectors ” may be taken to mean those that arise on a level to the basal (proximal) side of the inner end of the
pterostigma.
38 | NEUROPTERA.
$. Although ZH. capitalis has been regarded as only a smaller race of H. majuscula 16,
yet it may, from the material now examined, be regarded as specifically distinct on
the structural character (mentioned in part by de Selys*) of the superior appendages
of the male (¢f. our figg. 21 and 23); and in the presence of only two rows of cells
between the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin of the hind wings, while
there are three rows in H. majuscula.
Other differences stated from time to time are not so constant. Thus as regards size,
that of the present material, added to the recorded measurements ?, shows that the
abdomen of H. capitalis, 3, varies from 35-44 mm., and the hind wing, ¢, 28-
33°5 mm. (the latter figures from the Sta. Fé de Bogota male). ‘The corresponding
figures for H. majuscula, 3, are: abdomen 46-48, hind wing 35-37. ‘The red of the
basal spot of the front wings invades a considerable part of the costal space iu the
males from San Gerénimo and Chiriqui. The pterostigma varies in length, even in
the wings of the same individual, the extremes being the surmounting of two cells (San
Gerénimo), and existing as merely a thickened, more oblique postcubital (Zapote).
?. The two females trom Zapote fall within the previously known size-limits :
abdomen 32-36 mm., hind wing 28°5-32. The stripes on the sides of the thorax are
metallic green, not blackish. The tip of the dorsal carina on segment 10 is bifid or
trifid; on either side of it, at a short interval, is an acute tooth, projecting from the
hind margin of the same segment, much as in #. tricolor.
The single broken female of H. majuscula seen does not admit of any statement as
to possible specific differences in this sex other than the size.
13. Hetzrina majuscula. (Tab. II. fig. 23.)
Heterina majuscula, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 47 (1853)*; Monogr. Calopt. p. 151, t. 13. fig. 1
(apps. ¢) (1854)’; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlvii. p. 368 (1879)°; Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit.
Mus. iv. p. 634 (1853) °; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 28 (1875) °; Kirby, Cat.
Odon. p. 107 (1890) °.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché [4 ¢], Ivazu 6000-7000 feet [2 ¢,1 9] (Rogers).—
CoLtomBia!; GurIaNna, Surinam 2,
The present material is the same as that described by de Selys 3, and bears pin-labels
in his handwriting. (See also the remarks under H. capitalis, supra.)
14, Heterina infecta, sp.n. (Tab. II. figg. 18, 24.)
$. Labium brown (young) or black (adult); labrum black, with a more or less metallic blue or green
reflection. Epistoma metallic blue or green. Base of mandibles yellowish. Second joint of antenne
yellow (young) or black (old). Remainder of the head dark metallic green, becoming blackish with age.
Prothorax metallic green ; hind lobe triangular. Mid-dorsal thoracic carina ochreous (young) or black
(old); on either side of it a metallic green band, wider at its upper end, where it reaches the humeral
suture. A humeral band (narrower above, nearly as wide below as the metallic green band just
mentioned) and the metapleuron ochreous or brownish-yellow, but the mesepimeron, metepisternum, and
HETERINA. 39
metepimeron each with a metallic green stripe; that on the metepisternum is broken into an upper and
a lower spot in the young.
Abdominal segments 1 and 2 metallic blue or green, 3-6 light brown, 7-10 black (young), or all more or less
blackish (old).
Legs pale brown (young) or black (old).
Wings clear (becoming somewhat smoky with age). Pterostigma pale grey (young) or black (old), surmounting
14 to 33 cells. Red at the base of the front wings, commencing at the median vein, reaching outward
two to three cells beyond the quadrilateral, touching the hind margin of the wing in the basal half of the
spot, but separated from it by the width of one cell in the distal half; some of the cells in the costal and
subcostal spaces brown or brown and red. Red at the base of the hind wing extending from the costa to
one row of cells below the postcosta and outward to the end of the quadrilateral; mixed with brown in
the costal and subcostal spaces. Tips of the front wings slightly brown, of the hind wings with a red,
or brown and red, spot (‘‘gouttelette”), which is not more densely reticulated than the adjacent uncoloured
portion ; these are absent in the young, which also lack the whiteness present on the cross-veins, between
the median and postcosta, on the under surface of the basal red of the wings of the old. The basal red
spots are very pale, in the teneral individuals, especially on the hind wings. About 12 median cross-veins,
9-18 in the quadrilateral, 30 antecubitals on the front wings. Reticulation mostly black, but red in
the basal spots.
Superior appendages about twice as long as segment 10; viewed from above, straight in their basal two-thirds,
bent toward each other in their apical third, apices subtruncate, inner margin with two teeth in the
middle third, the proximal of which is the larger and more obtuse; opposite the interval between the
two teeth is a short denticulated ridge on the upper-inner surface of the appendage. Viewed obliquely
from above, at 45° with the horizontal, the two teeth are seen to form a dilatation of the lower margin of
the appendage as well, the interval between the two teeth being less distinct, the distal tooth being more
tubercular, the proximal showing a small tubercle between it and the distal. Inferior appendages
rudimentary, with a terminal pencil of hairs.
9. Differs from the male as follows:—Second antennal joint remains yellow in age. The humeral band
often, but not always, wider than the metallic green band between it and the mid-dorsal carina. Lower
half of the metallic green stripe on the metepisternum less developed than the upper half. Abdominal
segments 3-5 often, but not always, metallic green in young.
Wings pale yellowish at base; articulation reddish-brown, becoming darker toward the apices; no apical
spots; about 7 median cross-veins, 7 in the quadrilateral, 25 antecubitals in the front wings.
Tenth abdominal segment with mid-dorsal carina moderate, its apex trifid; dorsal apical margin prolonged
on either side of the carina and denticulated. Appendages as long as segment 10, conical, acute.
Genital valvules reaching not quite as far as apex of segment 10; apical half of the inferior margin
denticulated.
Abdomen, ¢ 41-47, 2 33-37; hind wing, ¢ 30-34, 9 30°5-34°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2), Atoyac (H. H.
Smith, Schumann: 24 3, 22 2); ?Guatemata, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion: 2 9
’ of large size, one having hind wing 36 mm. long, may belong here).
The specific name refers to the rudimentary ¢ inferior appendages.
In the collection of the United States National Museum are three males and one
female from ‘‘ Mexico,” all of large size, and with the terminal portion of the abdomen
lost. They are doubtless conspecific, but the absence of the appendages renders it
impossible to certainly identify them. They belong in all probability to H. infecta or
to H. capitalis. I refer them to the former on account of their size, habitat, and the
greater number of cells in the wing-reticulation, as shown, é. g., in having part of the
area between the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin of the hind wings
with three rows of cells, while in 4. capitalis there are but two rows here. The
40 NEUROPTERA.
dimensions of these doubtful individuals are: first four abdominal segments, ¢ 19-5-
21, 2 17 mm.; hind wing, ¢ 35-37°5, 9 35 mm.
15. Heterina tolteca, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 19, 25.)
$ (adult). Differs from H. infecta in the following respects only :—Hind lobe of the prothorax not triangular,
much Jess projecting. Metallic green stripe on the metepisternum present only on the upper half; stripe
on the metepimeron dark brownish, although with some metallic green reflection. Abdomen similar to
that of H. infecta, but most of the segments have a metallic blue reflection. Pterostigma ill-developed,
hardly coloured, surmounting half a cell or reduced to a single more oblique vein, which is slightly clouded.
Red (pale) at the base of the hind wings confined to the quadrilateral, submedian space, and one row of
cells below the postcosta ; in the median space it hardly exists; the subcostal space pale brown from the
base to 3 or 4 cells beyond the level of the distal end of the quadrilateral, this brown extending to some
extent into the costal space. ‘Tips of the hind wings with a smoky spot *, less marked on the front wings,
the reticulation no denser than in adjacent uncoloured areas. About 16 median cross-veins, 13 in the
quadrilateral, 33 antecubitals on the front wings.
Superior appendages about twice as long as segment 10; viewed from above, straight in the basal half, curved
toward each other in the distal half, apices rounded; widest in the middle third, where the inner margin
is dilated with a quite sinuous outline. Viewed obliquely from above, at 45° with the horizontal plane,
the inferior margin presents three successive convexities extending from one-third to four-fifths of the
length of the appendage; of these three the basal is the most convex, the second the least convex,
and above it, on the upper-inner surface of the appendage, is a short ridge. Inferior appendages
rudimentary.
Abdomen, ¢, 46; hind wing, ¢, 35 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (MU. Trujillo: 1 3).
16. Heterina rudis, sp.n. (Tab. II. figg. 20, 26.)
¢. Labium and labrum black, the latter with some metallic blue reflection. Nasus metallic blue or green.
Bases of mandibles yellow. Remainder of the head dark metallic green or black.
Prothorax dark metallic green; hind lobe rounded. Thorax black, with a metallic green reflection in some
individuals; a narrow line on the humeral (not reaching the wing-base) and on the first lateral sutures,
a stripe on the second lateral suture, and a slightly wider stripe along the hind margin of the metepimeron,
deep yellow or orange, as also are some small spots on the pectus and bases of the legs; yellow ot the
first and second lateral sutures confluent below.
Legs black. Abdomen blackish.
Wings hyaline or decidedly smoky throughout. Pterostigma dark brown, varying from surmounting two cells
to being reduced to a single, thickened, more oblique postcubital. Tips of all the wings mostly with a
small red spot, whose reticulation is no denser than the adjacent uncoloured areas ; it is larger on the
hind wings and may be absent on the front pair. Basal red spot on the front wings reaching from the
median vein to the hind margin and outward to five or six cells beyond the apex of the quadrilateral, its
outer edge quite convex; subcostal space outward to level of apex of quadrilateral brown, mixed with
some red, and overflowing into some of the cells of the costal space. Basal red spot on the hind wings
reaching from the median vein to one row of cells below the postcosta and outward to the apex of the
quadrilateral ; costal and subcostal spaces brown outward to the same level or slightly farther. About
14 cross-veins in the median space, 15 in the quadrilateral, 30 antecubitals in the front wing.
Superior appendages one and a half times as long as segment 10. Viewed from above, moderately curved
throughout, widest in the basal half, with the inner edge almost straight; apical half showing three
successive convexities on the inner margin, the apex taking part in the third of these. Viewed obliquely
from above, at an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, the inferior margin is nearly straight in its
* I do not believe this male to have perfectly mature colours, hence this spot may be brown or red in the
adult. |
HETARINA.—CALOPTERYX. Al
basal half, while its apical half forms a single strongly convex curve; above where the straight basal
half and convex apical half of this lower margin meet, on the inner surface of the appendage, is a
well-developed ridge, which gives the appearance of the first of the three convexities seen in dorsal view
mentioned above. Inferior appendages slender, a little more than one-third as long as the superiors,
convergent at their apices, which are somewhat upcurved and slightly bifid.
. Differs from the male as follows:—A large part of the second antennal joint yellow. Thorax decidedly
metallic green; yellow stripes as in male, that on the humeral suture wider, but not more than one-third
as wide as the adjacent antehumeral green. Wings smoky; no spots at the tips; costal and subcostal
spaces yellow from. the base to the nodus; about 10 cross-veins in the median space, 11 in the quadri-
lateral. Postcostal space of front wings denser than usual in females, occasionally five cells between
postcosta and hind margin.
(Last six abdominal segments lost.)
Abdomen, ¢ 45-47, 2 (segments 1-4, 16 mm.); hind wing, ¢ 35, 2 365 mm.
Hab. Guatemaia, San Gerénimo, Vera Paz (Champion: 12 3,1 ¢).
The specific name has reference to the superior appendages of the male.
17. Heterina maxima.
Heterina maxima, McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xv. p. 244 (April 1879)*; Selys, Bull. Acad.
Belg. (2) xlvii. p. 869 (1879)’; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 106 (1890) °.
Hab. Costa Rica, Irazu 1-8 6000-7000 feet (Rogers: 1 ¢ ).
To forestall and to satisfy any suspicions on the part of those who have not seen the
unique type of H. maxima, now before me, I may say that a careful examination leaves
not the slightest ground for thinking that the wings and abdomen formerly belonged
to different individuals. The specimen shows no sign of ever having been broken and
subsequently mended. These statements are made because the peculiarity of this
species is the denseness of the postcostal reticulation on the front wings, a character
usually confined to the males of Hetwrina. The female of H. rudis (q. v.) seems,
however, to furnish a transition to H. maxima in this respect.
CALOPTERYX.
Calopteryx, Leach, Edinb. Encye. ix. p. 187 (1815).
Agrion, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 96 (1890).
A holarctic genus.
1. Calopteryx dimidiata.
Calopteryx dimidiata, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 826 (1839)*; Hagen, Psyche, v. p. 245
(1889) ?; Calvert, Ent. News, i. p. 74 (1890)°; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 50 (1898) *.
Agrion dimidiatum, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 97 (1890) ’.
Hab. Unrrep States, Kentucky}, Georgia?, Florida?.—Honpuras (coll. P. P.
Calvert: 1 3).
The single male quoted is the sole evidence for the inclusion of this genus and
species in the present work. As has already been mentioned 3, it was given to me by
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., October 1901. g
49 , NEUROPTERA.
Prof. P. R. Uhler, who has replied to some further inquiries of mine as follows :—
“The Calopterysx from Honduras was given to me, with other insects, by Dr. John L.
Le Conte, who brought it away with him when he visited that country” (letter of
Aug. 1, 1899).
AMPHIPTERYX.
Amphipteryx, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 66 (1853) ; Monogr. Calopt. p. 241 (1854); Bull. Acad. Belg.
(2) vii. p. 450 (1859) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 111 (1890).
The only species is the following :—
1. Amphipteryx agrioides. (Tab. III. figg. 23, 28-30.)
Amphipteryx agrioides, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 66 (1853)*; Monogr. Calopt. p. 241, t.6. fig. 5 (front
wing), t. 8. fig. 15 (lips, hypopharynx)°; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 111 (1890) ®.
Ampipteryx agrionides, Walker, List Neur. Ins. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 654 (1853) *.
¢ (not hitherto described). Labrum, gens, bases of mandibles, and a large spot (confluent with the gene) on
either side of the anterior surface of the frons, pale green. Basal part of labium yellowish ; apical part
thereof, a mid-basal line on labrum, clypeus, and most of the dorsal and posterior surfaces of the head,
black ; a short yellowish line extending outward from each lateral ocellus.
Prothorax black ; anterior lobe, a large lateral spot on either side of the median lobe, and, occasionally, parts
of the hind margin of the posterior lobe, yellowish. Hind lobe with two dorsal, upright, lamellate
processes, about 3 millimetre long, whose edges are respectively anterior and posterior, and whose apex is
subtruncate or rounded; colour black, posterior edge partly yellowish in some individuals. Thorax green
or yellow, a broad mid-dorsal black band, confluent on either side, in its upper half, with a black ante-
humeral stripe which does not attain the mes-infra-episternum; this last black, with a small luteous
spot. Mesepimeron, metepisternum, and metepimeron each with a narrower black stripe, the first
reaching from the front wing to the mes-infra-episternum, the second and third (or the second only) from
the hind-wing base to the met-infra-episternum, which last is chiefly pale-coloured. Pectus pale, a curved
blackish mark on either side of the metasternum in some specimens.
Legs blackish, their bases and the inner, and often part of the outer, surfaces of the femora yellowish.
Abdomen black, the following parts yellow: a mid-dorsal line on segments 2-6 or 7,a spot on either side of 1, |
a line and an apical spot on either side of 2, a small basal spot on either side of 3-5, dorsum of 8-9 or
10; 10 half as long as 9, its posterior dorsal margin with a narrow median notch half as long as the
segment.
Superior appendages slightly longer than segment 10, rather thick, black. Viewed from above, fusiform in the
apical two-thirds; apex rounded; a small internal anteapical denticle, in front of which the inferior
surface of the appendage is excavated in a trench-like fashion ; surface generally spinulose. In profile
view each appendage is nearly straight, and tapers slightly from base to apex. Inferior appendages
reaching backward almost as far as the superiors, directed upward, contiguous to each other before the
apices, which are acute, and are armed with a small, external, anteapical tooth.
Wings hyaline, or somewhat smoky, an apical brownish border at all the tips, having a width of little more
than a cell; no milky-white areas. Pterostigma as in the female described ”.
3 2. Front wings with 7-10 antecubitals, the first and third thicker than the others; the first three only are
usually continued to the median vein, but occasionally the second is not continued (one front, three hind
wings), or continued not in the same straight line; 30-38 posteubitals. Hind wings with 7-8 ante-
cubitals, otherwise as in the front wings; 26-32 postcubitals.
In one front wing of one male and one front wing of one female is a “ basal subcostal cross-vein,” such as is
found in some Gomphine, extending only from the subcosta to the median and on the basal side of the
first normal antecubital.
AMPHIPTERYX.—CORA. 43
In one of the males from Sabo there is a single cross-vein in the median space on three of the wings; it is
proximal to the first antecubital on the left front and right hind wings, distal to the first antecubital on
the right front wing.
2. A transverse yellow occipital line. The hind prothoracic lobe also possesses two dorsal lamellate processes
(not mentioned by de Selys), but they are separated by a greater interval than in the male, are yellow in
colour, or have only the anterior edge black, and instead of being upright are curved forward toward
each other and then backward. It is only the upper end of the mid-dorsal thoracic band that is confluent
with the antehumeral, and this latter does not reach as far down as in the male, and may partly or
completely enclose a yellowish spot at its upper end. The mesepimeral black stripe is interrupted for the
greater part of its length, thus leaving what de Selys described as “une grande tache inférieure entre la
suture humérale et la lre latérale et un vestige supérieure analogue sous Vaile.” The metepisternal stripe
is represented by a short stripe on the upper end of the second lateral suture.
The basal spot on the sides of abdominal segments 3-7 is followed by (sometimes continuous with) a narrow
yellow line reaching nearly to the apices of those segments. A small apical spot on either side of
segment 8; a larger one on either side of 9, sometimes connected with a fellow of the opposite side by a
transverse apical dorsal band, which is also prolonged forward on the dorsum almost to the base of the
segment ; sometimes no such dorsal colouring exists ; in the former case the dorsum of segment 10 is also
pale, in the latter it is black.
Genital valvules with the apical half of the ventral margin finely denticulate.
Abdomen, ¢ 40-42, © 31:5-36; hind wing, ¢ 37, 2 38 mm.
Hab. Mexico (U. 8S. N. M.: 1 2, last four abdom. segm. lost); GuatemaLa, Sabo
[2 ¢], Purula [1 2], San Gerdnimo [4 ¢,1 2], all in Vera Paz (Champion).—
CoLomsia !.
CORA.
Cora, Selys, Syn. Calopt. p. 71 (1853) ; Monogr. Calopt. p. 262 (1854) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 118
(1890).
The two species of the present fauna may be separated as follows :—
Nodus situated halfway between the base and the apex of the front wings.
Thoracic dorsum blue, green, or orange, with narrow, black, median
and humeral stripes. Wings hyaline, or with the apex pale brown,
and a pale brown patch extending from the nodus to half or three-
fourths of the distance to the pterostigma. (¢?.) - . . . . « J. marina, Selys.
Nodus situated halfway between the base and the inner end (or even. the
middle) of the pterostigma on the front wings. Thoracic dorsum
black, with a yellow humeral line. Wings with a dark brown trans-
verse band commencing beyond the nodus (at one-third the distance
from the nodus to the pterostigma) and reaching to the inner end of
the pterostigma or more remote, but leaving the extreme apex of the
wing clear. (9 unknown.) . . . . 1... 1... 1 + « « 2 semiopaca, Selys.
Eleven other species of this genus are known from South America.
1. Cora marina. (Tab. III. figg. 31, 32.)
Cora marina, Selys, Aun. Soc, Ent. Belg. xi., Compt. Rend. p. lxix (1868)'; Bull. Acad. Belg.
(2) xxvii. p. 678 (1869) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 118 (1890) *.
g2
44 NEUROPTERA.
As the existing descriptions are quite brief, and as considerable variation exists in
this species, the following details are given :—
3. Gene, inferior margin of frons (except at its middle), nasus, labrum, bases of mandibles and of labium
blue, green, or yellow. Apical portions of labium and of mandibles, a narrow border and (usually) a
median basal line on the labrum, the rhinarium, the upper and posterior surfaces of the head, and
a median inferior prolongation on the anterior surface of the frons, black. Four pale spots on the upper
surface of the head, the anterior pair placed on either side of the anterior ocellus, the posterior pair
lateral to either posterior ocellus ; in many of the Guatemalan individuals (but in none of those from
Vera Cruz) the anterior pair of spots are confluent with the pale colouring of the inferior margin of the
frons, while in one Vera Cruz male the posterior pair are confluent with the pale gene.
Prothorax blue, the depressions on its surface—-which separate its lobes and the right and left halves of the
middle lobe from each other—filled with black ; sometimes also a median black line on the hind lobe.
Thorax blue above, tending to become yellowish or olive inferiorly, with black stripes on the mid-dorsal
carina, humeral, first and second lateral sutures, and on the metepimeron above the latero-ventral carina.
Metasternum with a curved stripe on either side parallel to this carina, and a median spot, dark brown ;
there are some brown spots near the bases of the legs. Black stripes on the mid-dorsal carina, humeral
and first lateral sutures narrowly confluent above and (more widely) below.
Abdomen with the dorsum of segments 1-8 blue, of 9-10 black. Lower and lateral surfaces of all the
segments black, which, on 1-8, forms a complete black ring at each intersegmental suture, and on 2-8
a triangular anteapical projection which does not meet its fellow of the opposite side, except on 8 in some
individuals only. The blue on segment 8 may thus be reduced, in some cases, to one or a pair of basal
spots. Dorsum of segment 10 with a median subconical projection, which, viewed in profile, is one-third
to one-half as high as the segment; the hind margin of the segment takes part in its formation.
Superior appendages a little more than twice as long as segment 10.
_ Legs black or brown, the inferior (and to a less extent the superior) surfaces of the femora paler.
Wings smoky, yellowish or pale brown, tending to form darker ill-defined patches at the apices and between
the nodus and the pterostigma. When best developed the latter patch begins at the level of the nodus
and extends outward, stopping in front of the pterostigma at a distance about equal to the length of this
last ; this patch does not reach the hind margin of the wing. Nodus almost exactly at the middle of the
front wing, 7.¢., distinctly nearer to the inner end of the pterostigma than to the wing-base. Pterostigma
pale brown to dark brown with increasing age, narrower at its outer end, surmounting 52 to 10 cells.
Front wings with 33-39 antecubitals, the thicker one of which may be any one from the 10th to the
14th or abnormally the 8th; 23-30 posteubitals. Hind wings with 26-31 antecubitals, the thicker one of
which may be any one from the 10th to the 18th; 23-30 postcubitals. Three short supplementary sectors
between the first and second sectors of the triangle may be clearly distinguished in some individuals; in
others the reticulation is more irregular and more or less dense; the marginal cells vary from 8-13
in number (all wings); no definite number of supplementary sectors in this area can be assigned as a
specific character. Second sector of the triangle regularly trifurcate on all the wings of all the present
material.
2 (not hitherto described), Pale colours on head and thorax green or orange, on abdomen orange-yellow.
Differs from the male as follows :—Nasus (traversed—in the Panima ? only—and) bordered anteriorly
with black. Anterior pair of pale spots on the upper surface of the head confluent with the green of the
inferior margin of the frons. Abdominal segments 1-7 with a mid-dorsal black band, which is confluent
with the triangular anteapical prolongations of the black of the sides on 4—7; 8 black. Appendages as
long as segment 10, conical. Genital valvules projecting backward slightly farther than the tips of the
appendages, their ventral margin denticulated.
Abdomen, 3 33-38, 9 32:5; hind wing, g 265-31, 9 30-31 mm.
Hab. Muxico (U.S. N. M.: 16, 1 9), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann, H. H.
Smith: 43), Orizaba (fide Selys1?); Guaremaa, Panima [20 ¢, 1 9] and San
Gerénimo [2 ¢ |, both in Vera Paz (Champion). |
N.B.—On first examining the males of C. marina, even with a lens, one is sometimes
CORA.—ARCHILESTES. 45
misled into supposing the black to extend much farther forward on the dorsum of the
abdomen than is stated above. By carefully following (with a lens) the black lateral
border of the segments and the characteristic triangular anteapical prolongation of
this black on the segments named, it will be seen that the dorsal blue has existed in
life as described, but has faded almost to black after death.
2. Cora semiopaca.
Cora semiopaca, Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxi., Compt. Rend. p. xxi (1878)*; Bull. Acad. Belg.
(2) xlvii. p. 408 (1879)*; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 118 (1890) °.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 3; coll. P. P. @.: 12), Volcan de
Chirigui 2500-4000 feet (Champion: 3 3).
On comparing material before me with the descriptions of this species! ?, it is to
be noted that the nodus is not placed halfway between the base of the front wing and
the extremity (outer end) of the pterostigma, since double the distance from base to
nodus falls upon the middle of the pterostigma, or upon its inner end. ‘The ptero-
stigma surmounts 34 to 6 cells. Front wings with 28-32 antecubitals, the thicker one
of which is the 10th, 11th, or 12th; 24-30 postcubitals. Hind wings with 21-26
antecubitals, the 9th, 10th, 11th, or 12th thicker; 26-29 postcubitals. Abdominal
segment 10 with a dorsal conical prominence similar to, but less developed than, that
of C. marina.
Subfam. 2. LHSTINA.
The two genera of this fauna are separable as follows :—
Nodal sector parting from the principal sector within 12 cells beyond the
nodus; quadrilateral broader, the basal side about one-half as long as
the posterior (or inferior) side on the front wings. . . . . . . . . J. ARCHILESTES.
Nodal sector parting from the principal sector at from 3 to 5 cells beyond the
nodus ; quadrilateral narrow, the basal side one-third (or less) as long as
the posterior side on the front wings . . . . . . . .. . . « « & Lesres.
These two genera are closely related, and differ from the only other known American
genus of this subfamily (Ortholestes, Calvert) in possessing (inter alia) supplementary
sectors between the median and the short sectors. |
ARCHILESTES.
Archilestes, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 294 (1862); Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 159 (1890).
Archilestes is a characteristic genus of the Mexican and Central-American fauna,
whose distribution is indicated under A. grandis below, as the only other species,
A. californica, McLachl., is known by a single individual only from California.
46 NEUROPTERA.
1. Archilestes grandis.
Lestes grandis, Ramb. Ins. Névr. p. 244 (1842)*; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 66 (1861) *.
Archilestes grandis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 294 (1862) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 159
(1890) ‘; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 475, t. xv. fige. 10 (apps. ¢), 11 (apex
abdom. 2) (1895)°; op. cit. (8) Zool. i. p. 374 (1899) °.
Hab. Unitep States, Yakima in Washington®, Waco (Jf. C. Z.), Round Mt.,
Blanco Co.®, Texas (P. P.C.: 36, 1 2); Lower CaLirornta, Mesa Verde 5, Sierra
Laguna °, Sierra El Taste®, San José del Cabo ® [2 g, 2 ], Cape St. Lucas (Uhler,
M.C.Z.: 16,1 2).—Mexico? (U. 8S. N. M: 2 3), Hacienda de Bleados, San Luis
Potosi (Palmer, M. C. Z.), Uruachic in Chihuahua [1 ¢ ], Santa Ana (in Tlaxcala ?)
[1 ¢] (Buchan-Hepburn, coll. McLachlan), Guanajuato’ (U.S. N.M., P.P.C. det.
1891), Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit®), Guadalajara (Schumann: 8 3, 2 2), Cuernavaca
(coll. Deam, Williamson, det.; Barrett, coll. P.P.C.; H. H. Smith: 63,4 2), Amula
[1 ¢], Chilpancingo [1 ¢, 1 9], Acaguizotla [1 9], Tepetlapa [1 3], Venta de
Zopilote [2 2], Rincon [1 ¢], Rio Papagaio [2 9], all in Guerrero, Frontera in
Tabasco [1 3] (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (coll. Deam: 1 3), Misantla (Godman: 5 ¢ ),
Atoyac (Schumann: 1 2), Orizaba (H. H. Smith and Godman: 2 ¢ ), Texolo (Rhoads :
13); Guaremata, San Gerénimo (Champion: 4 3,4 2); Costa Rica (coll. McLachlan:
1 3; Van Patten: 1 3), Caché (Rogers: 1 3); Panama (coll. Adams, P. P.C. det.
1897).—CotomBiA!; Venuzveta?, Puerto Cabello °.
The antehumeral (mesepisternal) and the mesepimeral stripes vary in colour in both
sexes from metallic green to metallic brown or bronzy black, as has also been noted ®
for this species in Lower (Baja) California. The width of the antehumeral stripe
varies from one-half to one-fourth the width of the mesepisternum in the males, and
from one-third to one-fifth, or occasionally one-seventh (a @ from San Gerdnimo),
of the width of the mesepisternum in the females, the particular width not being
correlated with locality. The mesepimeral stripe reaches almost to the base of the
front wings in most of the material examined, but in some individuals (a ¢ from Rincon
and a ¢ from Misantla, with the interalar dorsal surface pruinose, the 3 ¢ from
Texas, and the single ¢ and 2 2 from San José del Cabo) it is much reduced in its
extent upward ; these latter, therefore, approach A. californica, McL. The costa and
median vein are blackish in all the present material that is not teneral.
In no case does the nodal sector arise farther from the nodus than 12 cells; in some
males from Cuernavaca and Guadalajara it begins at less than a cell beyond the nodus,
in one wing at the nodal vein itself.
The dimensions vary considerably :—Abdomen, ¢ 50 (Atoyac) —40 (Cape St. Lucas),
@ 44 (Acaguizotla) -38 (Cape St. Lucas); hind wing, ¢ 88 (Atoyac, Cuernavaca)
—29 (Cape St. Lucas), 2 39 (Acaguizotla)-32 (Cape St. Lucas) mm. Measurements
made from a larger number of individuals from Lower California than are before
ARCHILESTES.—LESTES. 47
me at present seem to show ¢ that they are, on the whole, rather smaller than those
on the mainland. Still, too much emphasis must not be laid on this, for in the present
material from Cuernavaca alone the dimensions are quite variable:—Abdomen, g 49-
43, 9 42-41; hind wing, ¢ 38-32, 9 37 mm. No differences in size or in other
features seem to separate the individuals from Guatemala and Costa Rica from those
of Mexico *.
LESTES.
Lestes, Leach, Edinb. Encye. ix. p. 187 (1815); Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 295 (1862) ;
Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 160 (1890).
A cosmopolitan genus, of which at least sixty-five species have been described.
Those of the present fauna may be distinguished as follows :—
I. Rear of the head black, yellow around the occipital foramen. Dorsum of the
thorax green or yellow, with a broad median black band, each half of which
is two-thirds as wide as its respective mesepisternum, and is contiguous with
the mid-dorsal carina. Inferior appendages of the males about two-thirds as
long as the superiors.
a. Mesepimeron and metapleuron yellowish, no black bands. Superior appen-
dages of the males having on the inner side an acute basal tooth, and a
convex median dilatation terminating posteriorly by a distinct emargination
or notch when viewed from above ; inferior appendages straight (seen from
above), usually inclined towards each other, curved upwards so that the
upper edge (seen in profile) is concave. . . . . . + . . . . « I. alacer.
aa. Mesepimeron yellow, with a black band on the posterior half for its entire
length; metapleuron pale, but usually with some black, especially along
the second lateral suture. Superior appendages of the male having on
the inner side a basal tooth, and an almost straight median dilatation
terminating posteriorly without any distinct notch or emargination ;
inferiors curved slightly towards each other, especially near the tip; seen
in profile, straight or curved slightly downward so that the upper edge
is convex . . . 2 simplex.
II. Rear of the head yellow, although becoming black ir in very ‘old individuals of
L. sigma at least. Dorsum of the thorax with a metallic green spot or stripe
each side, which is not contiguous with the mid-dorsal carina. (In very old
individuals of L. sigma the entire thorax is black and pruinose.) A metallic
green stripe also on the mesepimeron.
* A female from Guadalajara has the right front wing malformed, in that it is shorter (33 mm.) than the
normal left (39 mm.), slightly longer (15 mm.) from base to nodus (13 mm. in the left), the reduction
occurring beyond the nodus as well as an abnormal widening (94 mm. compared with 8), the nodal sector
interrupted for five cells, a supplementary sector being inserted between the first and second sectors of the
triangle and one between the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin; various other minor
irregularities in the venation exist.
48 NEUROPTERA.
a. Each mesepisternum with a small, superior, antehumeral, metallic green spot
(young), or entirely black (in old age). Superior appendages of the male
with an obtuse basal tooth, the median dilatation straight, terminating
posteriorly by a distinct emargination or angle; inferiors somewhat
S-shaped, divergent at tips, more than half as long as the superiors,
reaching beyond the median dilatation thereof. . . . . . . . - . & sigma.
aa. Each mesepisternum with a metallic green stripe one-sixth (or less) as
wide as the mesepisternum itself, upper end usually a little widened.
Superior appendages of the male with an acute basal tooth and a convex
median dilatation on the inner side; inferiors almost as long as the
superiors, reaching beyond the level of the apex of the median dilatation
thereof. 2. 2. 1. ww ew ee ee ee ee ee www A forficule.
aaa. Hach mesepisternum with a metallic green stripe one-third to one-fourth as
wide as the mesepisternum itself, of nearly uniform width. Superior appen-
dages of the male with the basal tooth not acute, median dilatation less
convex; inferiors short, one-half as long as the superiors, not reaching to
the apex of the median dilatation thereof. . . . . . ... . . . &5. tenuatus.
N.B.—Post-mortem discolorations occur frequently in estes, as in all pale-
coloured Agrionidz, and are liable to induce one to take them for natural black
markings. Their true character is to be recognized by their usual asymmetry on the
two sides, their slightly paler hue when compared with undoubted black marks, and
by comparison of a series of individuals of the same species.
1. Lestes alacer. (Tab. III. fig. 26.)
Lestes alacer, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 67 (1861) '; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 304
(1862) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 161 (1890) *.
Hab. United States, Arizona (C. U. lot 35, M.C. Z.: 1 3, 8 2), San Gerdnimo,
New Mexico (Gulick, P. P. C. det.), Pecos River! 2 and Round Mountain, Blanco Co.
[6 3 |, Texas [1 ¢,19] (A. N. S.).—Mexico, Tlalnepantla (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.:
13, 12, teneral), Tacuba (coll. McLachlan: 1 3,12; Barrett, coll. P.P.C.:
1 adult 9, 1 teneral ¢ ), city of Mexico (Dr. Rogers, M.C.Z.: 13; Forrer: 1 3;
H. H. Smith: 4 2), Santa Fé [1 3], Eslava [1 3 ] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Uruapam
in Michoacan (coll. Deam: 2 2), Cholula (coll. Deam: 1 2), Cuernavaca (Barrett,
coll. P.P.C.: 1 @), Orizaba? (H. H. Smith & Godman: 1 9); Guaremana, Guate-
mala city 5000 feet (Salvin, coll. McLachlan: 1 3,19; M.0.Z.: 128,12).
Hagen ', followed by de Selys?, speaks of the sides of the thorax having “a broad,
fuscous, middle fascia.” In 1899, I examined Hagen’s type, a male from the ‘“‘ Pecos
River, Texas,” now in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., and
came to the conclusion that this marking was probably due to discoloration after
death, especially as I have observed similar dark post-mortem bands on some perfect
males of the present material. The abdomen and both front wings of the type have
LESTES. AY
been lost, so that a positive identification is no longer possible. I compared it with
the individuals from Arizona, cited above, to which Haven had given the manuscript:
name of L. fasciatus, and believed them to be identical. The type of L. alacer has
nine postcubitals; their number in the series before me varies from ten to fourteen.
The extremes in the variation in size are not associated with geographical distribution,
so far as the present material is concerned. Abdomen, 3 29-36, 9 28-35°5; hind
wing, ¢ 20-24, 9 21-25 mm.
2. Lestes simplex. (Tab. III. fig. 24.)
Lestes simplex, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 68 (1861)*; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 298
(1862) ?; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 160 (1890) °.
Hab. Unitep Svrates?, ‘Texas *}22—Mexico!, Xucumanatlan [1 3], Amula [4 ¢,
2 2], and Chilpancingo [1 ¢ ], all in Guerrero, 4600-7000 feet (H. H. Smith).
Postcubitals on the front wings 11-14. Abdomen, ¢ 28°5-36, 9 32-33; hind
wing, ¢ 20-24, 2 23 mm. It is worthy of mention that the upper and lower
extremes of size for the males are all from individuals taken at Amula in August.
L. simplex is closely related to L. forcipatus, Rambur, of the United States, which
it probably replaces in Mexico. I have seen many specimens of L. forcipatus from
Texas, and it is quite possible that it may be found in Northern Mexico also.
3. Lestes sigma, sp.n. (Tab. III. fig. 33.)
g. Labium yellow; face pale, perhaps blue in life, but the vertex, frons, and nasus becoming black with age.
Thorax yellowish, a small, superior, antehumeral, metallic green spot; an isolated metallic green stripo
on the mesepimeron, constricted at its middle ; a black spot on the lower end of the metepimeron and on
the adjoining part of the metasternum. In the old male the entire thorax is black, pruinose, but the
mid-dorsal thoracic and latero-ventral metathoracic carinw have each a fine yellow line. Femora pale
(yellow or green), with three black lines which are superior, anterior, and inferior respectively. Tibie
pale above, black below; tarsi black. Abdomen dark metallic green, becoming black with age ; segments
3-7 with a basal, dorsally-interrupted, transverse, blue ring, 3-6 with a similar apical blue ring; sides
of 3-7 blue, except where the dorsal black is dilated and extends down on to the sides in front of
the apices of the segments; on the side of 7 the blue (or yellow ?) is confined to the basal half of the
segment.
Superior appendages longer than segment 10, about equal in length to 9, curved throughout their entire
length ; basal fifth on the inner margin of each appendage with a rounded tooth very similar to that of
L. tenuatus, and whose apex is scarcely more acute; following this tooth, the width of the appendage is
considerably lessened, the inner margin showing an almost straight edge not visibly denticulated except
under a compound microscope ; at half the length of the appendage this straight edge terminates abruptly
at an angle of more than 90°, the width of the appendage being further lessened, but in the terminal
third increases again, the apex being somewhat obliquely truncated with rounded angles. Viewed in
profile, the superiors are nearly horizontal in the basal half, bent downward in the apical half at an angle
of about 120° with the basal half.
Inferior appendages about two-thirds as long as the superiors, slender, tapering gradually from base to apex ;
in dorsal view they are divergent in the basal fifth, then convergent in the greater part of their length,
* Is this an error in copying? I found no L. simplew in the M.C. Z.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1901. h
50 NEUROPTERA.
but again divergent in the apical fourth; they reach considerably beyond the level of the apex of the
straight edge of the superiors; in profile view they are almost horizontal. Front wings with 11-12
postnodals; inner edge of the black pterostigma more oblique than the outer edge, such a difference not
being apparent on the hind wings.
Abdomen 31-32, hind wing 21 mm. 2 unknown.
Hab. Uxitup States, Texas, probably near the Nueces River (4. NV. 8.: 1 ¢).—
Mexico, Iguala in Guerrero (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 old ¢ ).
Judging from the appendages, the nearest ally of L. s’gma seems to be L. spumarius,
Selys, two males of which from Cuba (J.C. Z.) are now before me. JL. spumarius
differs in these structures, however, having the superiors more slender throughout, the
basal tooth smaller, the straight edge on the inner margin less distinct, the inferiors
shorter (half as long as the superiors), not divergent at their tips. The rear of the
nead of LZ. spumarius is yellow, the colouring of the thoracic dorsum is much as in
L. tenuatus.
The S-shape of the inferior appendages of ZL. sigma recalls those of L. unguiculatus,
Hagen, and has suggested the specific name.
4, Lestes forficula. (Tab. III. fig. 25.)
Lestes forficula, Rambur, Ins. Névr. p. 247 (1842) '; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 68 (1861) ’;
Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 308 (1862) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 161 (1890) *.
Hab. Uxirep States, Texas, probably near the Nueces River (4. VW. S.: 4 6,1 2).
— Mexico 23, Frontera in Tabasco (//. HZ. Smith: 1 2 ).—Gutana, Cayenne®; BraziL2°,
Para? ; West Inpigs, Cuba ?°, Haiti (Cabot, M.C.Z.: 2 3).
The black which Hagen? mentions as margining the metallic green mesepisternal
stripe, and as occurring on the sides and lower surface of the thorax, is probably an
accompaniment of old age, as the only instance of its occurrence in the present
material is in a male from Haiti with considerable pruinosity on the body. In this
Haitian male, moreover, the metallic green stripe on the mesepisternum is almost as
wide as in L. tenuatus, and de Selys* has noted a similar condition in Rambur’s type ;
but the majority of individuals have this stripe of the width noted in the preceding
synopsis.
5. Lestes tenuatus.
Lestes tenuatus, Kambur, Ins. Névr. p. 245 (1842)"; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 69 (1861) ?;
Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiii. p. 315 (1862) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 162 (1890) ‘; Calvert,
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. 1. p. 376, t. 25. fig. 3 (apps. ¢) (1899) *.
Hab. Mexico, San Blas (Schumann: 1 3, 1 2), Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit®), Atoyac
(H. H. Smith: 2.3, 5 2), San Lorenzo, Cordova (Trujillo: 1 ¢ ).—West Lnp1zs,
Cuba (M. C. Z.: 1 6, 1 2, with label “ LZ. tenuatus” in de Selys’s handwriting),
Jamaica 5, Martinique! 3, St. Lucia (U. S. Fish Commission, U. S. N. M.: 1 3).
LESTES.—MEGALOPREPUS. 51
One of the males from Atoyac has the metallic green on the thorax replaced by a
dark coppery-red. The females from the same locality show considerable variation
in size—abdomen 31-36 mm., hind wing 20-25. De Selys? says that the inferior
appendages of the male are one-third as long as the superiors, but I find them to be
nearer one-half the length.
Subfam. 38. AGRIONIN AL.
Following the Selysian division into legions, four are represented in the present
fauna :—
Supplementary sectors present, at least between the principal and ultra-
nodal sectors; pterostigma “ false” (7. e., cross-veined) or absent . Legion 1. Pseupostiema.
Supplementary sectors present, at least between the nodal and ultra-
nodal; pterostigma “true” (¢.e., of one cell only, not cross-veined) Legion 2. Popaerion.
Supplementary sectors absent *; pterostigma true; inferior sector of
the triangle well developed, reaching to the level of the nodus
or beyond . Ce
Supplementary sectors absent ; pterostigma true ; inferior sector of the
triangle absent or very short, not reaching beyond the level of
the distal end of the quadrilateral . . . . . . . . . . . Legion 4. Proronzura.
Legion 8. Acrron.
Legion]. PSEUDOSTIGMA.
Three genera are represented :—
Wings broad, inferior sector of the triangle and the short sector curved and
much branched; superior appendages of the male shorter than the
inferiors ; quadrilateral free, pterostigma square or rectangular . . . . MEGALOPREPUS.
Wings narrow, inferior sector of the triangle and the short sector almost
straight, unbranched, or the latter slightly branched; superior appendages
of the male longer than the inferiors.
Postcostal area of two rows of cells, at least in its middle portion . . . . Psrupostiema.
Postcostal area of asingle row of cells . . . . . 1... 1). he). )6Mectstrocasrer.
MEGALOPREPUS.
Megaloprepus, Rambur, Névr. p. 290 (1842) ; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 12 (1860) ; Mém.
Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 6 (1886) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 119 (1890).
There is but one known species :—
1. Megaloprepus cerulatus.
Libellula ceruiata, Drury, 1. Exot. Ent. iii. p. 75 and index, t. 50. fig. 1 (entire insect) (1782) '.
Lestes cerulata, ibid. Westwood’s edit. iii. p. 77, t. 50. fig. 1 (1837) *.
* The ultra-nodal is not included among those called supplementary.
h 2
52 NEUROPTERA.
Megaloprepus ceruleatus, Rambur, Névr. p. 290 (1842)°; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 18
(1860)*; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 7 (1886)°; Hagen, Neur. N. Am. pp. 63,
307 (1861)°; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 119 (1890)"; Martin, Boll. Mus. Torino, no. 240
(1896) °; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeit. xlv. p. 263 (1900) °.
Libellula cerulea, Donovan, Naturalist’s Repository, iv. t. 110 (entire insect) (1834) *.
Hab. Mexico +, Vera Cruz 5 (Sallé, M,C. Z.: 1 2), Atoyac (Schumann: 3 3,1 2),
- Presidio in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 1); British Honpuras (Blanca-
neaux: 16); Guaremata* (coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Cubilguitz [1 ¢], San Juan
[3 ¢, 22], Panzos [1 3 ], Sabo [1 ¢, 12], and Senahu [2 g] in Vera Paz
(Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (H. K. Burrison, MC. Z.: 16);
Nicaragua, Machuca River (coll. A. B. Nichols), Mosquito shore* (Shakespear,
1779 1°); Costa Rica (A. N.8.: 25; U.S. N.M.: 19), Caché (Rogers: 13,2 2);
Panama, Chiriqui4 (Ribbe: 1 9), Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet [4 3,10 9],
Bugaba 800-1500 feet [16 g, 11 2] (Champion), Darien ®—Co.omBia, Bogota +
(coll. P. P.C.: 1 2), Santa Fé de Bogota ®, Choco 4; Gutana, Demerara (coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢); Ecuapor®; Bo.tvia, road to Coroico, Yungaz (W. J. Gerhart, coll. A. N.S.:
1 @).
In his earlier work 4, de Selys gave as a sexual difference in this species that the
space between the dark transverse band and the tip of the wings was hyaline in
the male; while in the female, part of this space was milky and opaque, only the tip
itself remaining hyaline. While a similar milkiness 2s present on the same‘area in
the males, it differs in this respect: that the veins and veiulets traversing it always
remain dark in colour, while those same veins and veinlets in the female are pale,
almost white.
The material before me confirms his conclusion ® that the supposed race latipennis
cannot be maintained as distinct.
It is worth while recording some variations which occur in the individuals of this
species from one and the same locality, viz. Bugaba. The two extremes in size are:
abdomen, ¢ 73-100, 2 64-85; length of hind wing, ¢ 65-88, 9 54-75; greatest
width of front wing (measured at right angles to the costa), ¢ 14-19°5, 2 13:°5-
22-5 mm. In both sexes a gradual series may be traced from individuals in which
the inner margin of the dark band on the front wings coincides with the point of
origin of the nodal sector to those in which that margin is 12 celis beyond that point
of origin.
The smaller dimensions given above are less than are to be found in any of the
material from the other localities quoted, and less than any hitherto recorded. Some
of the specimens in the present collection, however, exceed the largest individuals from
* Donovan gives the ‘ Muskito shore ” as the locality for the insect figured by Drury’*, who stated that
t was from the “ Bay of Honduras.”
MEGALOPREPUS.—PSEUDOSTIGMA. 53
Bugaba as follows: abdomen, ¢ 101, 2 89; hind wing, ¢ 91, 2 77:5 mm. (Volcan
de Chiriqui). Higher figures are given by de Selys°.
It is worthy of note that none of the specimens in the Godman and Salvin Collection
cited, some sixty in number, have any of the milky colouring on the basal side of the
transverse dark band of the wings, although the milkiness is plainly marked in
the area beyond the band. Other Central-American specimens, however (é.g., the
Costa Rican males in A. N. S. coll.), have the milky colouring present on both sides
of this band.
The reticulation below the nodus is quite variable, so that statistics regarding the
number of antenodal cells cannot be as exact as in some other genera. The following
may be taken as approximations:—Antenodal cells on the front wings 8 (50 °/,),
8+ (30°/,), 2+ (10°), 4 (83 °/,), or 2 (1°6°/,); on the hind wings, 2 (46°6 °/.)s
2+ (31:6 °/,), 3 (13°3°/,), 1+ (75°), or 8+ (-8°/,). These figures have been
obtained from 120 front wings and 120 hind wings without distinction of sex.
In view of the quantity of material quoted above and of the fact that de Selys states
that he has examined nearly 150 specimens, it is worth recalling the observation of
Donovan , as late as 1834, concerning this species :—“ It is considered to the present
time, notwithstanding the researches of many travellers in that part of the globe where
this specimen was discovered, as a very scarce insect.”
As to the habits of this insect, Mr. O. W. Barrett has written (Ent. News, xi. p. 601,
Nov. 1900):—‘‘Have taken fresh specimens of species belonging to these genera
[ Mecistogaster and Megaloprepus| several miles away from any stream and in the
heart of the forest. Their flight is necessarily very slow and sustained for only a few
yards at most. ‘They spend their time clinging to some vine or branch near the
ground, the long abdomen hanging vertically.” Mr. Barrett found M. cewrulatus at
Presidio in July, Mr. Nichols at the Machuca River in October.
Mr. Champion also informs me that he has only seen this species and its allies in
openings in dense forest, quite away from water, and chiefly at the commencement
of the rainy season, in April or May.
PSEUDOSTIGMA.
Pseudustigma, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 18 (1860) ; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviv.
p. 27 (1886) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 121 (1890).
Both of the known species occur in the Central-American fauna. They may be
distinguished as follows :—
Opaque spot on the wings (false pterostigma) reaching to the extreme tip;
in the males it stops short of reaching the end of the median vein by a
distance very much less than its own length; in the females it reaches
to the ultra-nodal or to the nodal sector. Superior appendages of the
male bent strongly downward in their apical half, inferior appendages
moderately developed . . - - - ee ee ee © ee ee + I. aberrans, Selys.
54 NEUROPTERA.
Opaque spot on the wings (false pterostigma) not reaching to the extreme
tip; in the males it stops short of reaching the end of the median vein
by a distance greater than its own length; in the females it reaches to
the principal sector or to one row of cells below it. Superior appendages
of the male not bent downward in their apical half, inferiors rudimentary. 2. accedens, Selys.
1. Pseudostigma aberrans. (Tab. III. fig. 17.)
Pseudostigma aberrans, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 18 (1860) *; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg.
xxxviii. p. 28 (1886); Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 64 (1861) °*.
g. “Pterostigma ” 8-9 mm. long on the front wings, 9-10 mm. on the hind, varying in colour from pale
yellow to dark brown or black, upon which latter a pruinosity appears ; these differences probably
correspond with increasing age. The second row of cells occupied by the pterostigma may number
as many as 12.
©. Opaque spot varying in colour from pale yellow to orange. Although de Selys speaks of its reaching the
subnodal sector, it does not extend below the nodal in more than one female of the material examined.
It is bordered, along its inner edge, by a perfectly transparent area, due to the reticulation being white
or very pale yellow, while that of the rest of the uncoloured part of the wing is dark brown or black.
g Q. Antenodal cells very variable in number, from 8 to 5+ on the front wings, most commonly 4
(33 °/, 3) or 3+ (85 °%/o 2); 3 most commonly on the hind wings (66 ?/, d, 65 lo 2 )a
Abdomen, ¢ 114-180, 2 85-110; hind wing, d 63-78, 2 57-74 mm.
Hab. Muxico, Cuesta de Misantla (Zrujillo: 1 ¢), Atoyac (Schumann: 1 3),
and Presidio (Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 16,12) in Vera Cruz°, Teapa in Tabasco
(H. H. Smith: 1 9); Guatemata (coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Panzos [2 2] and Sabo
[1 ¢, 22] in Vera Paz, Zapote [1 9 ], San Isidro [2 ¢] (Champion); Honpuras
(coll. P.P.C.: 1 ¢); Costa Rica, Boca de Simon, Diguis valley, 250 metres (coll.
C. C. Adams); Panama®, Chiriqui?, Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet [1 2 |, and
Bugaba [1 ¢ ] (Champion).
It is possible that some of the females included by me under P. aberrans correspond
better to Selys’s description ? of P. accedens. The single female here referred to this
latter species is there placed because of the much smaller extent of opaque colouring
than in any of the specimens of that sex enumerated above under P. aberrans, thus
conforming to the difference in the extent of the opaque spots in the males of the two
species. It may be mentioned that all the females of Pseudostigma examined have the
tip of the genital valvules denticulated, so that it seems impossible to use this as a
specific character. As to the other differences given by de Selys as separating the.
females of these two species, I cannot find that they are constant.
It is worthy of note that the female from Cuesta de Misantla has three rows of cells
for a considerable part of the area between the inferior sector of the triangle and the
hind margin on all four wings; this same insect has the opaque yellow spot reaching
the greatest extent noted above.
Specimens were found at Boca de Simon in February, at Teapa in April, and at
Presidio in July.
PSEUDOSTIGMA.—MECISTOGASTER. 55
2. Pseudostigma accedens. (Tab. III. fig. 22).
Pseudostigma accedens, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 19 (1860) * ; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg.
Xxxviii. p. 29 (1886) 7; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 63 (1861) °.
3. “ Pterostigma ” on the front wings 2 mm. long, occupying five cells on the front row and two on the
second; on the hind wings 24 mm. long, occupying 5-7 cells on the front row and one on the second—
dark red on all.
©. “ Pterostigma” 3 mm. long on all the wings, lemon-yellow, occupying three rows of cells on the front
wings (some of those of the first row being double) and two rows on the hind. The reticulation between
the “ pterostigma” and the tip of the wing is pale-coloured.
3S 9. Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (except in one wing of male), on the hind wings 3.
Abdomen, ¢ 113, 2 103; hind wing, d 60, 9 66mm.
Hab. Mextco!, Vera Cruz (fide Selys1), Presidio in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll.
P.P.C.: 1); Honpuras (coll. McLachlan: 1 @ ).
The statements above made are based entirely on the pair examined. (See also the
remarks supra on the female of P. aberrans.)
The male from Presidio, Vera Cruz, is labelled as having been captured in July.
MECISTOGASTER.
Mecistogaster, Rambur, Ins. Névropt. p. 281 (1842) ; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 19 (1860);
Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 16 (1886) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 120 (1890).
Preia, Gistel, in Gistel u. Bromme, Handb. d. Naturgesch. (Stuttgart), p. 452 (1850).
The two species found within the Central-American fauna are easily distinguished as
follows :—
Tips of all the wings with an opaque spot whose upper surface
through orange-yellow to dark olive according to age. 1. ornatus.
of cells on the front wings
No pterostigma.
varies from pale yellow
A (false) pterostigma present, occupying two rows
and one row on the hind wings. No terminal opaque spot . . . . . + 2% modestus.
These two species agree in certain characters which distinguish them with others
from a characteristic South-American group of the genus, viz., that the costal margin
of the hind wings is not dilated before the apex and that the superior appendages of
the males are regularly curved throughout, not angulate.
1. Mecistogaster ornatus.
Mecistogaster ornatus, Ramb. Névr. p. 283 (1842)*; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 20
(1860) 7; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 17 (1886) °; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer.
p- 64 (1861) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 120 (1890) *; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 371
(1899) °; Calvert, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 377 (1899)"; Butler, Entom. XXxiil.
p. 191 (1900) *.
Hab. Mexico}, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 1 ¢ ), Acapulco (Agassiz "), Barranca
Blanca near Tepic 2400 feet (Eisen & Vaslit’), Jalapa (Trujillo: 1 3), Plan del Rio
(coll. Barrett), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 2 2), and Presidio (Barrett, coll.
56 NEUROPTERA.
P. P. C.: 1 2) in Vera Cruz‘, Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast’); Guatemaa 3
(coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢; A.M. N.H.: 12), San Juan (1 3,2 2], La Tinta [4 2] and
Panzos [1 2] in Vera Paz, El Tumbador [1 ¢j, Cerro Zunil [7 ¢, 9 2], El Reposo
[1 2], Volcan de Atitlan [1 ¢], Pantaleon [14 ¢, 15 ?], Zapote [2 2 ] (Champion) ;
Honpuras (coll. McLachlan: 1 9; coll. P. P. C.: 1 2); Nicaracva, Polvon, Dep't
Occidentale’, Managua’; Panama %, Chiriqui? (ibde: 1; coll. PL.P.C.2 16;
coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet [4 ¢,5 2], Bugaba
[10 ¢,17 2], David [2 3,1 2), and Tolé [1 ¢ |] (Champion), La Chorrera (Dolby-
Tyler ®).—CotomBia, Bogota’; VENEZUELA 1, Caracas! 4, San Esteban 3, Puerto Cabello? ;
Guana, Surinam !4 (U.S. N. U.: 2 5); Braziu, Obidos and Turati, Amazon valley 3;
? Perv, Lima? 3, .
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (70°, ¢, 78°67, 2), 3+ (18°, ¢, 13°27, 2),
2+ (67,5, 667, 2), 2 (8%, 2), or 4 (6%, o, 8°, 2); on the hind wings 2
(99°/, ¢, 9847, 2) or 8 (1%, ¢, 16%, 2).
The material before me contains no case like that described for the female by Selys 3,
in which the yellow spot on the tip of the wings reaches to the sudnodal sector; in
fact it is only in the two specimens of this sex cited above from Honduras that the
yellow actually reaches the nodal sector.
In females from Atoyac and Presidio the wings are distinctly brown for their entire
width, beginning at the level of the origin of the supplementary sector between the
ultra-nodal and the principal sectors and extending to the apical yellow spot.
The range in size proves to be greater than that hitherto recorded. The extremes
are: abdomen, 3 67°5-88°5, 2 62°5-86°5 ; hind wing, ¢ 44-57, 9 44-59 mm.*.
Very considerable variation in size may exist in specimens from one and the same
locality; thus for Bugaba the extremes are: abdomen, ¢ 68°5-83, 2 63-84; hind
wing, ¢ 46°5-55, 9 45-59 mm.; and for Volcan de Chiriqui: abdomen, ¢ 74—88°5,
9 62:5-84; hind wing, ¢ 49-53°5, 9 44-57 mm. )
Dr. Gustav Eisen, who collected specimens of this species near Tepic, in November,
says that ‘it lives entirely in the shadow and is very rare”’; the last two words may
indicate that Tepic is near the northern limit of its range. In the State of Vera Cruz
the insect was taken in May and June.
2. Mecistogaster modestus.
Mecistogaster modestus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 23 (1860) *; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg.
¥XXVill. p. 22 (1886)*; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 64 (1861)°; Kirby, Cat. Odon.
p. 120 (1890) *.
Hab. Mexico!? (U.S.N.M.: 13,12), Atoyac (Schumann, Smith: 1 3,4 2),
Omealca (Trujillo: 1 3), and Presidio (Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 23, 32) in Vera
Cruz, Cordova!; British Honpuras (Blancaneaux : 1 9); Guatemata?, Cubilguitz
* However, the maximum given by de Selys® for this last dimension is 66 mm.
MECISTOG ASTER. 57
[4 ¢, 3 2], Panzos [1 ¢], Sabo [1 2], and Purula [20 3, 29 9] in Vera Paz
(Champion), Livingston (H. Wilson, M.C. Z.: 146, 1 9); Costa Rica, Caché
(Rogers: 1 2); Panama, Bugaba (Champion: 1 ¢).
Pterostigma on the front wings occupying 4-8 cells on the front row, 1-3 on
the second; on the hind wings occupying 3-6 cells; only in one hind wing of one
female have I found the pterostigma extending into the second row of cells, and
then only for part of one cell. Colour varying from white, through slightly smoky,
dirty reddish-white, pale and dark reddish, to dark brown. ‘These differences are
probably indicative of increasing age, as at least some trace of pruinose colouring
appears at the bases of the legs, especially the first pair, when red can be detected in
the pterostigma by means of a lens, Often, however, the amount of pruinosity on
individuals with dark brown pterostigma is still very slight. On the great majority
of those having a white or slightly smoky pterostigma, no pruinosity is visible, but
a trace exists in at least one such female (from Presidio).
The colours of the labrum, frons, and abdominal segments 8-10 vary, but these do
not seem to be correlated with the colour of the pterostigma. Thus, individuals with
white or slightly smoky pterostigma may have the labrum black or pale green, and
similarly for those with a dark brown pterostigma. The colours on these parts would
therefore seem to be subject to individual variation to a great degree.
Another variation which is independent of sex, age, or locality is found in the hue
of the cross-veins beyond the pterostigma, which may be white (giving the tip of the
wing a more transparent appearance) or brown.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (57 °/, 6, 63°/, 2) or 2 (43°/, o, 33°3°/, 2);
on the hind wings 2 (98°3°/, ¢, 99°/, 2 ).
Epistoma (nasus) often entirely black, in some specimens margined and traversed
with black, as stated by Selys !.
The males from Purula have the superior appendages slightly more swollen at the
base, and the median apical notch on 10 shallower than in individuals of the same sex
from Atoyac and other places in Vera Cruz, but the difference is very slight.
A female captured at Presidio, Vera Cruz, in July has a very marked milky patch at
the tips of all the wings from the pterostigma outward. It may therefore belong to
the race iphigenia, Selys, described from Bogota and Panama; but if so, I doubt its
distinctness from MW. modestus.
Abdomen, ¢ 65-70, 2? 62-68; hind wing, ¢ 2, 40-45 mm.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1901. ]
58 NEUROPTERA.
Legion 2. PODAGRION.
The four genera of this fauna may be distinguished as follows :—
Antecubitals 3-5; two submedian cross-veins, wings ceasing to be petioled
before the level of the arculus. . . . . - «© © + © © + « + « ‘THAUMATONEURA.
Antecubitals 2.
Two submedian cross-veins, wings petioled to beyond the level of the arculus,
supplementary sectors present between the superior and inferior sectors
of the triangle ; postcostal space of two rows of cells . . . . . . PARAPHLEBIA.
One submedian cross-vein, no supplementary sectors between the superior
and inferior sectors of the triangle ; postcostal space of one row of cells.
Supplementary sectors between the ultra-nodal and nodal (two), nodal
and subnodal (two), subnodal and median (two), and median and short
sectors (one) ; lower side of pterostigma equal to or shorter than
its upper side; inferior appendages of the males well developed . . PHILOGENIA.
Supplementary sectors between the ultra-nodal and nodal sectors only
(two) ; lower side of pterostigma longer than its upper side; inferior
appendages of the males rudimentary. . . . . . . . . . . Herenacrion.
THAUMATONEURA.
Thaumatoneura, McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. (2) vin. p. 180 (1897).
1. Thaumatoneura inopinata. (Tab. III. figg. 16, 21, 27.)
Thaumatoneura inopinata, McLachl. Ent. Monthly Mag. (2) vii. p. 131 (1897)'; xi. p. 189
(1900)°. _
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui ?.
When this insect was described ! its habitat was unknown. It is included in the
Central-American fauna on the authority of M. René Martin, reported by Mr. McLachlan’.
I have not seen either of the two known specimens, but their owners have kindly supplied
me with photographs, which I have studied. Mr. McLachlan referred this anomalous
form to the Calopterygine, but I believe its relationships are with the present group
of Agrionine.
This species may readily be recognized by the black band on all four wings for their
entire width from the nodus to more than halfway to the pterostigma. On the front
wings, in the type, it reaches to very little more than halfway from the nodus to the
pterostigma, its outer edge is convex and has a conspicuous excavation just below
the costa: in M. Martin’s example it attains nearly two-thirds the distance from
the nodus to the pterostigma, and its border is almost straight. On the hind wings it.
reaches to two-thirds (type) or three-fourths (M. Martin’s ¢) the distance from the
nodus to the pterostigma, and its outer cdge is distinctly concave in both.
The type lacks the last six abdominal segments. ‘The Chiriqui male possesses them,
THAUMATONEURA.—PARAPHLEBIA. 59
and M. Martin has made the drawing reproduced as fig. 27, Tab. IIL., therefrom. He
adds this description :—‘ L’appendice inférieur est tout petit et bilobé; les supérieurs
sont fortement croisés l'un sur l’autre; la protubérance est énorme, et la courbure du
bout trés-forte, puisque la pointe semble remonter vers le 10° segment. Le 10°
segment a la forme d’un toit.”
Abdomen 56, hind wing 48-50 mm.
? unknown.
PARAPHLEBIA.
Paraphlebia, Selys,in Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 71 (1861) ; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiv.
p. 8 (1862) ; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 32 (1886) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 122 (1890).
The material before me, so much more extensive than that at the disposal of de Selys,
permits the following statements concerning some of the generic characters. The
pterostigma surmounts 3 to 6 cells. Supplementary sectors between the median and
the short, two to four in number, between the superior and the inferior of the triangle,
four to eight; in some cases (2 ¢ 2¢ Purula, both sides) only one row of cells on the
hind wings between the inferior sector of the triangle and the hind margin; ultra-
nodal sector arising at 2-5 cells beyond the origin of the nodal.
This genus is not known outside the limits of the Central-American fauna. The
species may be separated as follows :—
A. Median sector separating from the principal at the vein of the nodus or slightly
beyond. Tips of the wings of the males brown.
Pectus yellow. Males with the apical fourth of the wings dark brown, beginning
well in front of the pterostigma, its inner edge concave, bordered by a
narrower milky-white patch; superior appendages not uniformly curved
throughout, but bent inward at two-fifths their length. Abdomen, ¢ 49-
47, 9 42; hind wing, ¢ 39-44, 9 39mm... . 1. zoe.
Pectus black. Males with the apical fifth of the wings dark brown, beginning
well in front of the pterostigma, the inner edge straight, not bordered by
milky-white ; superior appendages as in P. zoe. Abdomen, ¢ 42-44, ¢ 25
hind wing, ¢ 33-36, 9? 34mm... . coe . 2. guinta.
Pectus yellow. Males with the apical twelfth to ‘fourteenth of the front wings
(less on the hind) dark brown, beginning at the inner end or at the middle
of the pterostigma, the inner edge somewhat convex, not bordered by milky-
white ; superior appendages uniformly curved throughout, not angulate.
Abdomen, ¢ 42-47, 2 38-39; hind wing, g 33°5-37, 9 35-36 mm. . . 3. duodecima.
B. Median sector separating from the principal somewhat in front of the vein of
the nodus. Wings uncoloured throughout. Pectus yellow. Abdomen, ¢ 44,
¢ 33; hind wing, f 88, 9 33mm. . 1 1 ee ee ee ts 4, hyalina.
Are these four but local forms of one species ?
12
60 NEUROPTERA.
1. Paraphlebia zoe.
Paraphlebia zoe, Selys, in Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 72 (1861)*; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2)
xiv. p. 8 (1862)?; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. Xxxviii. p. 33 (1886) °.
¢. Labrum metallic blue, labium black, nasus pale brown, a yellow spot on either gena, but the face is dark
brown in the older Misantla male; “ quatre petites taches rousses au vertex,” mentioned by Selys ’,
hardly distinguishable; hind margin of the occiput with a yellow line.
Thoracic dorsum obscure in the younger, dark metallic green in the older individuals ; mesepimeron similarly
coloured, metepisternum and metepimeron blackish ; the three yellow lines on the sides of the thorax are
situated at the first and second lateral sutures and along the inferior margin of the metepimeron respec-
tively ; they decrease in width with age, being stripes in younger males.
Abdomen shining dark brown, segments 3-7 with a transverse basal yellow ring; the youngest male has a
similar ring on 8 and a pair of dorsal basal yellow streaks on 9, but these are wanting in the other Xico
individual.
Superior appendages longer than segment 9, two to three times longer than 10; viewed from above directed
straight backward in their basal two-fifths, at which point they are bent toward each other for the
remainder of their length ; they diminish in thickness from base to point of angulation ; their convergent
portion bears an infero-internal ridge which terminates abruptly a short distance before the apex of the
appendage. Inferior appendages rudimentary. One (or slightly more or less) antenodal cell on all the
wings of both sexes.
2. Differs from the ¢ as follows :—The yellow spot on the two genz connected by a yellow band across the
frons; a large part of the thoracic dorsum invaded by pale reddish; dark areas reduced in size on
the sides of the thorax and absent from the metepimeron; segments 8 and 9 with a pale mid-dorsal
stripe, larger on the latter, 10 with a pair of pale dorsal spots ; appendages conical, acute, black, slightly
longer than 10. Tips of the wings beyond the pterostigma smoky.
Hab. Mexico, Cuesta de Misantla(Trujit/o: 1 3, last four abdom. segments lacking),
Xico (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 28,192), Vera Cruz ?.
Hitherto only one individual, an imperfect male, of this species has been described.
2. Paraphlebia quinta, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 1.)
The resemblances to P. zoe are so great that, since the chief differences are given in the synopsis at the head of
the genus, only a few minor details need be given here.
&. Nasus black, its free margin pale in one 3, pale spot on either gena quite small. Yellow humeral line
interrupted in several places, second and third yellow lines on the sides reduced in length or width.
Transverse basal ring on segments 3-7 represented by a yellow spot on either side; no pale marks
on 8-10. Superior appendages equal in length to 9.
9 ? An individual marked as having been taken with one of the males of this species has been mended and
now bears a male abdomen. Its wings are uncoloured, except for an ill-defined pale brown cloud on the
front wings beyond the pterostigma, with merely a trace of yellow in the same place on the hind wings.
These facts suggest that it is a female, yet I must confess that the basal portion of the abdomen seems to
belong to the thorax to which it is attached. ‘The pale spots on either gena are connected by a pale band
across the frons. The yellow humeral line has entirely disappeared.
Hab. Guavemata, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion: 7 6, 19%).
The specific name refers to the black apical fifth of the wings of the male.
3. Paraphlebia duodecima, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 2.)
This species also greatly resembles P. ze, except for those points of difference given in the synopsis at the
head of this genus. Only a few minor details therefore are mentioned here.
PARAPHLEBIA.— PHILOGENIA. 61
3. Nasus black, pale spot on either gena very small or connected by a pale band across the frons. Yellow
lines on the thorax complete, except the humeral in aged males. Transverse basal ring on segments 3-7
represented by a yellow spot on either side, no pale markings on 8-10, 9-10 pruinose above in old
individuals. Superior appendages about as long as 9, of the general shape of those of P. zoe, except that
they are curved throughout, instead of angulate at two-fifths their length; the basal end of the infero-
internal ridge begins more gradually than in P. zoe.
2. Nasus perhaps blue in life. Pale spots on gene connected by a band across the frons. Very similar to
P. zoe, 9, but with some black on the metepimeron, probably no pale spots on 10, wings uncoloured
throughout.
Hab, Guaremata, Purula [3 ¢, 2 2 | and Sabo [7 ¢ | in Vera Paz (Champion).
The specific name refers to the black apical twelfth of the wings of the male.
4. Paraphlebia hyalina.
Paraphlebia hyalina, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxi. p. 105 (1871)*; Selys, Mém. Couron.
Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 34 (1886) *.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Cuernavaca !.
Unknown to me.
PHILOGENIA.
Philogenia, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiv. p. 10 (1862); Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxvin.
p. 35 (1886).
1. Philogenia championi, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 3, 4.)
3g. Labrum and the frons inferiorly pale, perhaps blue in life. Nasus blackish, with two pale spots; vertex
reddish, rear of the head yellow, labium black.
Prothorax reddish-brown, black above the base of the first pair of legs.
Thoracic dorsum reddish, sides and pectus yellowish; mid-dorsal carina, a broad mesepimeral band, a stripe ou
the metepisternum, and one on the upper part of the metepimeron black with some metallic green
reflection.
Abdominal segments 2-6 brown, becoming blackish toward the apex of each segment and inferiorly, 7-10
black ; 2-3 with a mid-dorsal pale stripe in the basal half, 4-6 with a transverse basal yellow ring,
represented on 7 by a yellow spot each side at base ; 9 pruinose on dorsum.
Superior appendages about twice as long as 10, of almost equal thickness throughout when seen in profile, not
dilated at the apex, which is obtuse and rounded ; somewhat excavated on the supero-internal face in the
basal half, and for their entire length inferiorly in a trough-like manner.
Inferior appendages slightly shorter, lamellate, apical fifth bent upward and inward, apex moderately acute.
Wings transparent, with a very faint smoky tinge. Pterostigma oblique at both ends, dark brown, surmounting
4-5 cells. Three antenodal cells on the front wings, two on the hind. 23-25 postecubitals on the front
wings.
Abdomen 43, hind wing 34 mm.
9 unknown.
Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet (Champion: 1 ¢ ).
Dedicated to Mr. G. C. Champion, whose field-labours have furnished so much
material for the present work.
No member of this genus has previously been recorded from farther north than
Bogota. The present species is possibly more closely related to P. cassandra than to any
62 NEUROPTERA.
other described form. A comparison with a P. cassandra, 3, from Venezuela, of the
type material, now in the M. C. Z., shows a very great difference in the shape of
the superior appendages.
In my notes I have a record of having identified, some years ago, a male from
Pacuare del Sur, Costa Rica, 600 metres, as Philogenia cassandra, Hagen. Was it
really such, or was it the above new species? I have not the specimen now.
HETERAGRION.
Heteragrion, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiv. p. 19 (1862) *; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii.
p. 54 (1886) ?; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 123 (1890) ’.
The discovery of a still larger species of this genus than any hitherto described
necessitates a slight modification of the generic characters as stated by de Selys??,
viz., subnodal sector arising at from one-third to one-fourth (instead of one-third) of the
distance from the nodus to the pterostigma.
Four species occur within the Central-American fauna, and may be distinguished
as follows :—
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3, on the hind wings 2 or 3. Subnodal
sector arising at one-fourth the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma.
Males with the tooth on the superior appendages at the middle thereof, and
abdominal segments 3-6 chiefly reddish or reddish-yellow, with the
terminal sixth black. Size large: abdomen, g¢ 47-51)°5, 9? 40-43;
hind wing, ¢ 338-35, 9 32-35 mm. woe . 2 ee
Antenodal cells on the front and hind wings 2. Subnodal sector arising at
about one-third of the distance from the nodus to the pterostigma.
Males with the tooth on the superior appendages at slightly beyond the
middle thereof, and abdominal segments 3-6 chiefly black. Size large:
abdomen, ¢, 47-48; hind wing, ¢,32-33 mm. 9 unknown . . . 2. majus.
Males with the tooth on the superior appendages at two-thirds their length,
and abdominal segments 3-6 chiefly reddish or reddish-yellow with
the terminal sixth black. Size moderate: abdomen, ¢ 37°5-42°5,
? 82-83; hind wing, ¢ 23-27, 9 25-27 mm.
Males with the tooth on the superior appendages at two- thirds the length
thereof, and abdominal segments 3-6 bright red with no black mark-
ings. Size moderate: abdomen, ¢ 34-39, 2 29; hind wing, ¢ 22°5—23,
9 24 mm. . .
l. tricellulare.
3. chrysops.
4. erythrogastrum.
In the males of H. erythrogastrum the inferior appendages are practically non-
existent ; In the other species they are sbort and almost filiform at tip, but distinctly
visible.
HETERAGRION. 63
1. Heteragrion tricellulare, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 5.)
gd. Generally reddish-yellow, except as follows: lips, clypeus, and frons paler yellow or possibly sometimes
blue in life, the last golden-yellow; vertex from eye to eye, anterior lobe, margins and a middle spot on
posterior lobe of prothorax black; a narrow mid-dorsal thoracic stripe, but little wider than the carina,
and the terminal sixth to eighth of segments 3-6 blackish; femora anteriorly, tibie inferiorly, and an
ill-detined postbasal half of segments 4—7 brown (leaving a transverse basal ring and the fourth and fifth
sixths reddish-yellow); a wide dark red antehumeral stripe; 8-10 pale yellow, 10 with a black mid-
dorsal line on a low carina.
Superior appendages about equal in length to segment 9, three times as long as 14), curved toward each other,
the median tooth large, acute, and placed almost exactly at their middle; above this tooth is a smaller
one and several denticles extending towards the base.
Q. Head and thorax pale yellowish-brown, the following parts black or dark brown: a median spot on (or the
entire) labrum, most of the clypeus, “step ”-like part of frons (these three shining), a transverse stripe
from eye to eye at the antenns, vertex, anterior prothoracic lobe, a large middle spot on posterior
prothoracic lobe, a mid-dorsal thoracic and an antehumeral stripe, these subequal, a small isolated mes-
epimeral streak, apical ring (sixth on 3-6) on segments 2-6, dorsum of 7, basal dorsal half of 8 or a
dorsal stripe for its entire length. ‘The basal dorsal half, or the entire dorsum, of 3-6 (behind a narrow,
transverse, basal, yellow ring) is dark brown, and there is a superior dark brown stripe on either side of 2,
and a pair of dorsal spots on 1.
Appendages reddish, slender, acute, slightly longer than 10.
3 2. Pterostigma 2°25-2'5 mm. long, usually surmounting two cells and parts of two others ; 23-26 post-
cubitals on the front wings. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (81°25°/, 5, 83:3°/, 9), 3+
(125 J, 3), 2+(6:25 /, dF, 83%/o Y), or 2 (83 %/o Q); on the hind wings 2(31-25°/, 3, 66-6%/, 2),
3 (625%, 3, 25%» Q), oF 2+ (6:25°/, 3,83, 2). Wings ceasing to be petioled at the submedian
vein, @ little in front of the level of the quadrilateral.
Dimensions.—See table ante.
Hab. Guatemata, Sabo [16], Panima (26, 192], and San Gerdnimo [5¢, 52,
two of these pairs in copuld], all in Vera Paz, 3000-4000 feet (Champion).
The individuals from Panima, although apparently not so aged as the others—to
judge from the brightness of their colours,—have a brown stripe covering almost the
entire mesepimeron, and the antehumeral bands in the male are brown, instead of red.
This species seems to be very closely allied to H. equatoriale, Selys, from Colombia and
Ecuador, to judge from his description. It differs in its larger size and in the greater
number of antenodal cells. H. eguatoriale is stated to have two antenodal cells, and its
dimensions are given as: abdomen, ¢ 42-48, 9 29-32; hind wing, ¢ 24-26, 9 22-24 mm.
2. Heteragrion majus. (Tab. V. fig. 6.)
Heteragrion majus, Selys, Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 62 (1886) ’.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui! (Staudinger, M. C. Z.: 16).
In this species there is a mid-dorsal yellow line, extending from the transverse basal
yellow ring to five-sixths the length of segments 3-5, which I do not find on any males
of H. tricellulare or of H. chrysops.
3. Heteragrion chrysops. (Tab. V. fig. 7.)
Heteragrion chrysops, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiv. p. 23 (1862)?; Selys, Mém.
Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviil. p. 62 (1886) ?.
64 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 163,89) and Presidio (Barrett,
coll. P. P. @.: 16) in Vera Cruz, Teapa in Tabasco (Hf. H. Smith: 1a, 12);
Guaremata, Cubilguitz [1 ¢], Cahabon [3 4], Panzos [1 6 |, and Teleman [2¢,192,
the pair in copuld], all in Vera Paz (Champion); ? Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 12);
Panama, Boquete (Champion: 13 ).—VxENEZUELA, Puerto Cabello !?.
I have not seen any Venezuelan examples. The only objection to the identification
of the material before me as H. chrysops is in the statement that the superior appendages
of the male are “dilatés en dedans au milieu, en une dent inférieure aigué” 1, These
males have the tooth at two-thirds the length of the appendage, and in this respect
differ from H. tricellulare. However, this objection loses its force when one finds that
the same word “milieu” is employed in the description of H. erythrogastrum by
de Selys, although in that species also the tooth is at two-thirds the length of the
appendage. Evidently, therefore, “ milieu” must not be interpreted too exactly.
There is no smaller tooth or denticles above the principal tooth in H. chrysops as there
is in H. tricellulare.
The original description ! of the colours of H. chrysops agrees very closely with that
given, supra, for H. tricellulare. The male from Panzos is most like the types described.
From a comparison of it with the other specimens before me it is evident that
considerable change in colours takes place, either as individual variation or, more
likely, in correspondence with advancing age. These changes do not seem to have
been noted in Heteragrion, and are important as they indicate that the colours on the
thorax are not indicative of specific differences.
The Panzos male, like the type of H. chrysops, has “une tres-large bande roua-brun
entre laréte dorsale et la suture humérale, une autre posthumérale suivie de deux
latérales, la second fine.” From this starting-point one can trace a darkening of the
‘roux-brun” until individuals are found in which the antehumerals are black, the
posthumeral dark brown. The two laterals never become so dark and are usually
indistinct; in some having the antehumerals black, the posthumeral is not well-
developed. As the antehumerals darken they remain distinct from the black mid-
dorsal by a yellow line on either side; the colour-pattern thus produced is the same
as described for H. majus, but in none of these H. chrysops with black antehumerals
has the abdomen acquired the colours of H. majus, but retains those stated in the key,
anted, p. 62.
The description of the colours of the female of ZH. tricellu/are will also apply very
well to that of H. chrysops. The black markings, however, may be varying shades of
brown according to age. In all these females of H. chrysops the dorsum of segments
9 and 10 is dark brown, instead of pale brownish-yellow as in H. tricel/ulare.
Antenodals on the front wings 2 (89°4°/, do, 95°/, 2), 3(96%/, 3, 9 /, 2), or
94+ (1%, ¢); on the hind wings 2 (94:3 %/, ¢, 100 /,2),or3 (57% 3).
HETERAGRION.—HYPONEURA. 65
4, Heteragrion erythrogastrum.
Heteragrion erythrogastrum, Selys, Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p- 61 (1886) °.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 1 3); Panama, Chiriqui! (coll. McLachlan: 28,
one labelled “ erythrogastrum” in de Selys’s handwriting and marked “type,” the last
three segments lost), Volcan de Chiriqui [8 ¢ ], Bugaba [8 ¢ ], David [1 ¢ ] (Champion),
Isthmus of Panama (coll. P. P. C.: 1 3).
Some remarks on this species are given under H. chrysops, ante. The black head
and thoracic dorsum of the adult males of this species are acquired in the same manner
as described for H. chrysops, but are carried farther, in that the yellow line on either
side of the black mid-dorsal stripe disappears by the fusion of this latter with the
black antehumerals. The male from Caché is remarkable in having its head coloured
as in H. chrysops: one naturally thinks of a mistaken repairing, but I can detect no
traces of artificial attachment; otherwise this individual is clearly H. erythrogastrum.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 2 (95°4 °/,), 3 (2°3 %/,), or 2+ (2:3 °%/,); on the
hind wings 2 (97:7 °/,) or 8 (2°3 °,).
Legion 3, AGRION.
Division I.
Hairs on the legs numerous, long (each one usually longer than twice the interval
separating it from its next neighbour). Tarsal claws each with an inferior tooth.
Inferior sector of the triangle separating from the hind margin of the wing distinctly
proximal to the submedian cross-vein (at a distance at least equal to the length of the
cross-vein).
Wings with two rows of cells between the second sector of the triangle and the
hind margin . 2. 1. 1 1 6 we ee ee ew ew wwe .)6U YP ONEURA.
Wings with one row of cells between the second sector of the triangle and the hind
margin. ee ee ee ee ee ee Arora.
The males of these two genera agree in having the superior appendages considerably
shorter than the tenth abdominal segment, and the inferior appendages longer than the
superiors. Both superiors and inferiors are often bifid at the tip, but the two branches
so formed are inner and outer in the former and upper and lower in the latter,
respectively.
HY PONEURA.
Hyponeura, Selys, Monogr. Calopt. p. 275 (1854) ; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 381 (1865) ; Hagen,
Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 95 (1861); Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 187 (1890).
Two species of this genus are known; the differences between them may be best
shown by parallel columns :—
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1901. k
66
Mesepimeral (posthumeral) black
stripe
Mid-dorsal pale brown stripe on
abd. segm, 3-7, viewed from
above
Abd. segm. 9 blackish, with (¢)
Predominant colour on sides of
NEUROPTERA.
1. H. lugens.
connected with the black humeral
stripe at its lower end and also
by a narrow “ bridge” of black
farther up.
one-half (on 3) to one-third (on 6)
. a8 wide as the segments ¢ Q.
a central, mid-dorsal, pale brown
spot, and a pale brown stripe
each side.
pale brown.
2. H. funcki.
connected with the black humeral
stripe at its lower end only, no
upper bridge.
absent, or present on 3 and 4 only
as an indistinct narrower stripe
3 (as in lugens, Cuernavaca, 3 );
one-third as wide as 3, suc-
cessively narrower on each fol-
lowing segment, a mere line on
6and 7 9.
a transverse reddish-brown stripe
on apical fourth to half, reduced
in some to a pair of apical spots.
black.
3-7 (2)
‘8-9 inferiorly with (2) some indistinct blackish marks. a black stripe.
Abdomen S .. sss sees eee eee 34°5-41°5 mm. 43-47 mm.
9 Dec cece west cnae 34-40 mm. 41-47 mm.
Hind wing gow... see e eee 29-32 mm. 33-37 mm.
” Dec c cece cena 30-35 mm. 35-40 mm.
I cannot find any differences in the male appendages, nor in the female mesostigmal
lamine, of these two forms, which, I suspect, will hereafter be shown to intergrade
completely. The male appendages much resemble those of Argia mesta, Hagen.
‘1. Hyponeura lugens.
Agrion lugens, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 95 (1861) °.
Hyponeura lugens, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 382 (1865) *.
3. Black paramedian stripe (on either side of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina) reaching from the anterior
mesepisternal border to the axillary callus and touching the mid-dorsal carina, or not touching any of
these three, asin the 9. Segment 8 blackish, with a median, dorsal, pale brown stripe from base not
quite to apex, tapering posteriorly, and a pale brown lateral stripe as long as, or shorter than, the
segment, or some or all of these pale brown markings absent.
3 2. Pterostigma on the front wings surmounting 2 (27 °/, d, 46°6 °9/, 9), 14 (55 °/, 5, 26°6 %/, ), or
2+ (18 °/, 5, 26°6 °/, 2) celis; on the hind wings 2+ (47 9/60, 56 °/o92), 2 (875 %/od,19 %/o Q),
or 1+ (15°55 °/, 3,25 9/5 © ) cells.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 6 (50 °/, 3, 64 °/, 9), 5 (23 9/6 6,18 %/o 2), 7 (12 Jo 5,6 Jo 2), B+
(9/0546 Jo 2), 4 (6 lod), Or 5+ (6%/o 2); on the hind wings 5 (82 %/.d, 833 Jo 2), 412% d
55 lo 2), 6 (6 lod), or 5+ (1 °/o 2 ).
Hab. Unirep States, Las Vegas, Hot Springs, New Mexico (coll. T. D. A. Cockerelt),
Arizona (0. U. lot 35*, M,C. Z.: 144,52 ).—MeExico!? (coll. McLachlan: 12, with
label “ Hyp. lugens, H.,” in de Selys’s handwriting), Dublan in Hidalgo (Barreté, coll.
Adams: 1 6, 32; coll. P. P. O.: 16), Cuernavaca (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢).
* ©, U. lot 35 indicates a lot of insects purchased by the Cornell University from H. K. Morrison, as
Prof, Comstock has kindly informed me; but it is not known what part of Arizona furnished the specimens.
HYPONEURA.—ARGIA. 67:
2. Hyponeura funcki.
Hyponeura funcki, Selys, Monogr. Calopt. p. 275 (1854) +; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 381 (1865) *.
3. Black paramedian stripes on thoracic dorsum reaching from anterior mesepisternal border to axillary
callus, contiguous with the mid-dorsal carina for their entire length. In older males the humeral and
posthumeral black stripes fuse for their upper halves or entire length. Segment 8 with no pale markings
or merely a trace of a pale basal lateral stripe.
Q. Paramedian black stripes on thoracic dorsum occupying the middle half to three-fourths of the distance
from axillary callus to anterior mesepisternal border.
3 2. Pterostigma on the front wings surmounting 2+ (49 °/,d,47 °/o 2), 1+ (27 9/45, 84 %/o 2), or 2
(24 °/, $,19°%/, 2) cells; on the hind wings 2+ (49 °/, 5,655 °/, 2), 14+ (30°6 °/o 5,19 %/o )s
or 2 (20°4 °/, 3, 15°5 °/, 2 ) cells.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 7 (51 °/, 3,53 °/, 2), 6 (88 °/o 5, 44 °%/, 2), B+ (9 Jo 5,16 Yo 2),
8 (2°/, d), or 7+ (16 °/, 2); on the hind wings 6 (77 °/, 3, 69 9/, 2), 5 (195 %/, 3, 31 °/o 2),
or 5+ (35 °/, 3).
Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara [1 ¢ ], Mexico city [1 ¢ ] (Schumann), Cuernavaca (coll.
Dmea), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 17 3, 27 2), and Chavarillo (Barrett, coll.
P.P.C.: 86,5 2) in Vera Cruz; GuatemaLa, San Gerénimo (Champion: 1 ¢ ).—
CotomBia!2; VENEZUELA, Cumana ?,
ARGIA.
Argia, Rambur, Névr. p. 254 (1842)*; Selys [and Hagen], Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 382
(1865) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 137 (1890) °.
The genus Argia, while not confined to Tropical America *, is most numerous there
and forms a characteristic feature of the fauna. Few Odonata are more difficult to
identify specifically, so that I have been obliged to devote a large amount of time to
the study of this genus. I had planned a revision of the North-American species
before undertaking the present work, but the former task has been merged in the
latter. The difficulties experienced have led me to a perhaps more comprehensive
treatment than has been given to other parts of the subject, and all the species which
I have been able to examine are here described on a uniform and methodical plan.
Before explaining some details of these descriptions, it seems desirable to name the
chief aids which I have had in identification.
In previous years I have compared specimens in my collection with types of a few
species in those of Baron de Selys and of Dr. Hagen. Thanks to the kindness of
Mr. Samuel Henshaw, I have had free use of a series of drawings made by Dr. Hagen
in 1864 to illustrate the appendages of the males of this genus, but never published.
Of the forty-seven species recognized in the Synopsis of 1865 *, forty are thus figured.
These drawings have been of the greatest service, for, made from the types, they shed
a flood of light on the obscurity of the too brief descriptions. ,
_ * The extra-American species, three in number, inhabit the Kurile Is., the Moluccas, and the Cape of
Good Hope respectively; but the Moluccan species, A. optata, Hagen, may not be congeneric. In America
R 2
some species reach as far north as Maine, others south to Buenos Aires.
68 NEUROPTERA.
Structural features must play a large part in specific identifications of Argia, not
only because of their intrinsic value * but also because of the fading of colours after
death; moreover, some species differing but slightly in coloration possess dissimilar
structural characters (e. g. A. jfissa, A. deami, A. tarascana). On account of loss of
colour, many types of de Selys and of Hagen are now unrecognizable except by the
terminal abdominal appendages of the males and the mesostigmal lamine and
mesepisternal tubercles of the females.
The mesostigmal lamine are the “thoracic processes” or “ laminated processes of
the thorax” of Hagen (1861) and the “lames du devant du thorax,” ‘‘ lames antérieures
(ou elevées) du thorax” of de Selys?. I have called them mesostigmal lamine as more
accurately defining their position, since each lamina is a prolongation posterior and
superior to the mesostigma, or spiracle situated in the anterior part of the mesothorax
(see Tab. IV. fig. 1). |
To the best of my knowledge, the mesepisternal tubercles of the females have not
been previously noticed in the literature of Argia. When present, they are two in
number (right and left), one near the lower end of each mesepisternum to the outer
side of the corresponding mesostigmal lamina. They are well developed in J. translata
and A. tezpi (see Tab. IV. figg. 18,19), are present in A. masta, A. cuprea, A. harknessi,
A. variabilis, A. vivida and its variety plana, reduced in size in A. ulmeca, A. deami,
and A. extranea, and very small or absent in A. percellulata, A. sedula, A. pulla,
A. oculata, A. popoluca, A. indicatriz, A. cupraurea, A. enea, A. difficilis, A. tonto,
A. lacrymans, A. jfissa, A. tarascana, A. immunda, A. violacea and var. pallens,
A. agrioides and var. nahuana, A. fumipennis, A. tibialis, and A. apicalis.
The mesostigmal lamine and mesepisternal tubercles are female sexual characters,
but whether they are employed in coition, as places of attachment for the male
abdominal appendages, or not, is unknown.
The shape of the male appendages and of the female mesostigmal lamine is
mostly so difficult of accurate description that I have relied entirely upon figures
(Tab. 1V.) to display it.
As regards the descriptions given below of the colours of Argia, it is to be noted
that the width of a single pale (blue, violet, &c.) antehumeral stripe (¢. ¢. on one side
of the body) is compared with that of the entire dark (black, brown, &c.) mid-dorsal
stripe (¢. e. on both sides of the mid-dorsal carina). It therefore follows that where
the width of “the pale antehumeral stripe” is more than one-half that of the dark
mid-dorsal, the predominant colour of the thoracic dorsum is pale. A pale ante-
humeral stripe /ess than half as wide as the dark mid-dorsal means a predominantly
dark thoracic dorsum. ‘The humeral stripe, when present, is dark-coloured and is
sometimes described as ‘forked above,” meaning thereby that a dark mesepimeral
* Selys has made a similar statement *, p. 381.
ARGIA. | 69.
stripe is fused with the humeral stripe proper at its lower, but not its upper, end.
The colour of the labrum appears to vary but little; when no statement is made
concerning it either in the Key to the Species or in the specific description, it is to be
understood as being pale. |
The measurements of the pterostigmata have been made with an eye-piece micrometer
in a low-power compound microscope. ‘The dimension given is the length along the
costal margin. It is not pretended that the extremes of size have been given for each
species, but merely the results obtained from a few individuals taken at random.
Even so they will probably be found useful, as the size of the pterostigma is, toa
certain degree, a specific character.
Much time and care has been devoted to the gathering of statistics relative to the
number of antenodal cells and of those surmounted by the pterostigma. Nearly every
specimen enumerated under each species has been tabulated in regard to these points,
involving an examination of about five thousand wings. These two details of neura-
tion were employed by Hagen? as means for subdividing the genus into sections.
It will be seen that considerable variation in these numbers exists. On the whole,
antenodal cells are less variable than subpterostigmal cells, but neither feature is
sufficiently constant for the purpose for which Hagen used them, and the same negative
result is reached on testing a third of his characters, viz. the place of termination of the
superior sector of the triangle. All neurational differences observable among various
species of Argia are too variable to serve as a basis for subdivision of the genus.
After many efforts to arrange the species of the present fauna into natural groups,
the attempt has been abandoned. ‘The alliances suggested by one set of characteristics
appear to be contradicted by others having equal weight. The key here offered has
very little pretension to expressing natural relationships. It is only given in the
belief that it is better than no key at all, and as being the least unsatisfactory of those
which I have successively drawn up and discarded. |
Artificial Key for the identification of Mexican and Central-American
Species of Argia *.
Males.
(N.B.—AlIl identifications made by this key should be checke.] by comparison of the appendages
with figg. 27-62, Tab. 1V.)
§I. Total area of dark colours on abdominal segments 3-6 and thoracic dorsum
greater than the total pale area on the same parts.
1. Thoracic dorsum not brilliantly metallic.
* The species in square brackets marked with an asterisk have been taken in Texas or Arizona, and may
occur in Northern Mexico, but have not yet been observed within the faunal limits of this work,
70 NEUROPTERA.
.
A. Labrum pale.
B. Pale colours on dorsum of segments 3-6 limited to a transverse basal
ring and at most a fine mid- dorsal line; rear of the head chiefly
black, except in 4. percellulata and A. sedula.
C. Segment 8 mostly black on dorsum.
D. Segment 9 mostly pale on dorsum.
E. Superior appendages bifid at tip.
a. Pale antehumeral stripe half as wide as dark mid-dorsal,
inferior appendages not bifidat tip . - + - . 1. percellulata.
aa. Pale antehumeral stripe one-third as wide as dark mid-
dorsal, inferior appendages bifid . . - - + + + + 2. calida.
aaa. Pale antehumeral stripe one to three times as wide as dark
mid-dorsal, inferior appendages bifid . . - + + - (tibialis, Rambur *. |
aaaa. Pale antehumeral stripe absent, inferior appendages bifid. 3. wilsont.
EE. Superior appendages not bifid, inferior appendages higher
than long . . . tee we ee ee we A meesta.
DD. Segment 9 mostly black on dorsum.
Superior appendages not bifid at tip, basal half to fourth of
dorsum of 9 pale . . - - ; . 5. translata.
Superior appendages bifid at tip, apical ‘third (or only a pair
of apical spots) of 9 pale. . . - + - we ee «6 tezpi.
CC. Segments 8 and 9 pale on dorsum, each side with an inferior
black stripe.
Inferior appendages bifid . 2. . - - © + e+ 8 e 8 8 7. sedula.
Inferior appendages trilobed (profile) . . . - + + + + + 8. pulla.
BB. Pale colours on dorsum of segments 3-6 consisting of a transverse
basal ring, and a mid-dorsal stripe on some or all of them, tapering
posteriorly ; 8 mostly blue on dorsum; rear of head chiefly black.
F. Superior appendages distinctly bifid, inner branch much longer
than the outer.
Segment 8 with no apical dorsal black spot ; mid-dorsal pale
stripeon 3and4only .. . . . 9. ulmeca.
Segment 8 with an apical dorsal black spot, mid- dorsal pale
stripeon 8-6 . . = . . . 10. adamsi.
FF. Superior appendages variously formed, but not distinctly bifid; no
apical, dorsal, black spot on 8.
11. oculata. ‘ Most readily distinguished
12. herberti. by their appendages,
13. popoluca. see Tab. IV figg. 36—
14. indicatriz. — 39.
AA. Labrum black.
Pale colours on segments 3-7 consisting only of a transverse ring,
and a mid-dorsal stripe tapering posteriorly on 3 and a small
mid-dorsal basal spoton 4 . 6. 6 « © 8 ee ee 15. rogerst.
ARGIA. 71
2. Thoracic dorsum brilliant metallic copper.
G. Labrum chiefly metallic copper, at least in its basal half, apical half or
only its front edge yellow. Lower branch of inferior appendage less
robust than the upper branch.
H. Segments 3-8 black on dorsum, with only a narrow, basal, blue ring,
9-10 blue on dorsum. . . . . . . 17. cuprea.
HH. Segments 3-7 black on dorsum, basal half of 3-6 blue, 8-10 blue
ondorsum . . » » « . « «[Jocosa, Hagen +.]
HHH. Segments 3-6 blue on “dorsum, “apical fourth to third black,
7 black with basal blue ring, 8-10 blue on dorsum . . . . . . 18. cupraurea.
GG. Labrum yellow or orange throughout. Lower branch of the inferior
appendage more robust than the upper branch.
J. Segments 3-6 blue or violet on dorsum, apical fifth black; 7 black,
8-10 blue on dorsum. . . . 19. @nea.
JJ. Segments 3-8 black on dorsum, basal half of 3-6 blue; ‘9-10 blue . 20. orichalcea.
§ II. Total area of dark colours on abdominal segments 38-6 and thoracic
dorsum Jess than the. pale area on the same parts.
1. Dorsum of segment 7 chiefly black (except in A. chelata), rear of head
chiefly black (except in -4. apicalis), postbasal black streaks on 3-6;
8 and 9 blue, with an.inferior black stripe each side; superior appendages
distinctly bifid, inner branch longer (except in A. apicalis).
K. Inferior appendages longer than high.
L. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe wider than the carina.
Inferior appendages not deeply excised at tip . . . . . . . Qi. Aarknesszi.
Inferior appendages deeply bifid at tip, lower branch longer than
upper. 2. ee ee eee ee ew. 22, barrett.
LL. Black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe not wider than the carina . . . [apicalis, Say *.]
KK. Inferior appendages higher than long . . . . » . . . . 28. chelata.
2. Dorsum of segment 7 chiefly blue (except in A. tonto), rear of the head
pale, no postbasal black stripes on 3-6, 8 and 9 blue, almost unspotted
(except in A. tonto); superior appendages variable, but when bifid the
branches are subequal (except in 4. lacrymans).
[tonto*¥] ) |
24. lacrymans. , Most readily distinguished
25. fissa. r by their appendages,
26. deami. see figg. 48-52, Tab. IV.
27. tarascana. |
3. Dorsum of segment 7 blue for its entire length, rear of head largely or
chiefly black, a continuous inferior black stripe on each side of 3-9 for
almost their entire length, superior appendages not bifid at tip.
| 28. variabilis (and medullaris ?).
4. Dorsum of segment 7 chiefly black (or if blue then with black postbasal
_T Known from Colombia, may ogcur in Panama and Costa Rica.
72 NEUROPTERA.
stripes on 3-6, or an inferior black stripe on each side of 8 and 9, or with
both, hence different from section 2); rear of the head pale, with or
without black postbasal streaks on 3-6, 8-10 at least blue on dorsum ;
superior appendages variable, but when bifid the branches are subequal.
M. Superior appendages almost entire at tip, the inner margin with a small,
subacute, anteapical projection.
N. Antenodal cells on front wings 4.
O. Inferior appendages rounded, not bifid at tip, but with an ante-
apical tooth on the upper margin; dark postbasal streaks present
on 8-6, and confluent with the apical black . ; . 29. rhoadsi.
OO. Inferior appendages bifid at tip, lower branch distinctly longer
than the upper; black postbasal streaks present on 3-6, usually
not confluent with the apical black
OOO. Inferior appendages bifid at tip, lower branch. equal to or shorter
~ than the upper.
Black postbasal streaks present on segments 3-6
Black postbasal streaks absent from segments 3-6
NN. Antenodal cells on the front wings 3; postbasal black stripes
present on segments 3-6, 8 and 9 pale, each side with an inferior
. 80. extranea.
. 31. vivida and varieties.
. 82. funebris.
black stripe . . . cr . 33. immunda.
MM. Superior appendages trilobed o or bilobed at apex, inner margin rounded
and convex before the apex; antenodal cells on the front wings 4.
Pale colours on the thorax, and segments 3-6 violet, humeral stripe
present, no postbasal black stripes on segments 3-6, 8 and 9 blue
with an inferior black stripe each side . . [violacea, Hagen*.]
Pale colours on thorax, and segments 3-6 reddish-violet, humeral
stripe a mere line, otherwise as in violacea. . 34. vielacea, var. pallens.
’ Pale colours on thorax, and segments 3-6 blue, humeral stripe present
and forked, no postbasal black stripes on 3-6, 8 and 9 blue with
no black stripes . . . . . 85, agriotdes.
Pale colours and humeral stripe as in A. agriotdes, segments 3-6
with black postbasal stripes confluent with the apical black, 8 and 9
with a black stripe each side as long as the segments . . agrioides, var. nahuana.
Females.
(N.B.—AIl identifications made by this key should be checked off with the figures
of mesostigmal lamine, see figg. 1-26, Tab. IV.)
§ I. Dorsum of abdominal segments 3-6 mostly black.
A. Dorsum of segments 8 and 9 pale, with black markings.
B. These markings consisting of two stripes occupying only the basal half
of segments 8 and 9.
-C. Black dorsal stripes on segments 8 and 9 not confluent.
Pterostigma long, 6 or 5 antenodal cells on the front wings,
no mesepisternal tubercles . . 6 . 6 «2 «© oe 1. percellulata.
ARGIA. 73
CC. Black dorsal stripes on segments 8 and 9 more or less confluent
with each other, four antenodal cells on the front wings.
D. Mesepisternal tubercles present but small, four antenodal cells on
the hind wings, segment 10 paleon dorsum. - - . - + + - 9. ulmeca.
DD. Mesepisternal tubercles absent, three antenodal cells on the
hind wings.
E. A pale mid-dorsal stripe on segments 3-5, 10 black on dorsum,
with a pair of small pale spots... - - + es es 11. oculata.
EE. A pale mid-dorsal stripe on segment 3 only, or absent altogether.
F. Segment 10 pale on dorsum, labrum black, wings clear. . . 16. difficilis.
FF, Segment 10 black on dorsum, labrum pale, wings yellow
orsmoky 2. ee eet tt 14, indicatriz.
BB. These markings consisting of two stripes as long as segment 8 and
nearly as long as 9; five antenodal cells on the front wings, four on
the hind.
G. Mesepisternal tubercles well developed.
H. Segment 10 pale, with a pair of brown or black spots on dorsum . 5. transtlata.
HH. Segment 10 pale, unspotted on dorsum.
J. Thoracic dorsum with no coppery-red reflection . . . - + - 6. tezpi.
JJ. Thoracic dorsum, and usually the vertex, nasus, and labrum |
also, with a coppery-red reflection . - - + + + + s+: 17. cuprea.
GG. Mesepisternal tubercles absent; segment 10 pale, unspotted on
dorsum. Thoracic dorsum and vertex with some coppery reflection.
Labrum with some dark metallic colouring at base . . . . . 18. cupraurea.
Labrum yellow, with no metallic colouring . re 8°20 2002/2
AA. Dorsum of segments 8 and 9 black, a pale line on 3-6, 10 pale on dorsum,
no mesepisternal tubercles... + - + +s hos tot ot ots (tibialis, Rambur*. |
AAA. Dorsum of segment 8 black, a pale blue spot either side at base; 9 blue
on dorsum; no mesepisternal tubercles . - - + + + + > . 18. popoluca.
AAAA. Dorsum of segment 8 blue, of 9 black, with apical half (or a pair of
' apical spots) blue; a pale mid-dorsal stripe on 3.and 4 at least, 10 black;
mesepisternal tubercles present. - 6 6 - + se toe th ott 28. vuriabilis. .
AAAAA. Dorsum of segments 8 and 9 pale, unspotted, antenodal cells three
onallwings. ©. 2. 6) ee ee eh es , . . . 8. pulla.
§ II. Dorsum of abdominal segments 3-6 chiefly pale.
1. Postbasal black stripes present on segments 3-6, and confluent with the
apical black (except on 3 and 4 in A. tonto). (Some specimens of A. vio-
lacea, A. extranea, and A. vivida will fall here, instead of under “2.’’)
Mid-dorsal and humeral black stripes reduced to mere lines or absent,
mesepisternal tubercles present. . . - + ss sot tonto 4. mesta.
Mid-dorsal and humeral black stripes present, mesepisternal tubercles
absent . - - - ee ee ee 24. lacrymans and [tonto*].
2. Postbasal black stripes present on segments 3- or 4-6, but not usually .
confluent with the apical black.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., January 1902. . |
74 NEUROPTERA.
K. Segments 8 and 9 pale, without black on dorsum (except on 9 in many
specimens of A. vivida and A. extranea).
L. Antenodal cells on the front wings four.
M. Black mid-dorsal thoracic and humeral stripes and mesepisternal
tubercles present.
Mesostigmal lamina rounded externally . . . . . . . . 80. extranea.
Mesostigmal lamina angulate externally . . - . . . . 8i1. vividaand vars.
MM. Black mid-dorsal thoracic and humeral stripes reduced to lines
or absent, mesepisternal tubercles absent . . . . . . . . 7%. sedula.
LL. Antenodal cells on the front wings three, mid-dorsal thoracic stripe
present, humeral stripe reduced to a line, no black marks on dorsum
of segment 9, mesostigmal lamina rounded externally, mesepisternal
tubercles absent. . ©. 2. 2. 2. 1... we ew 83. temmunda.
KK. Segments 8 and 9 pale, 8 with a black stripe on each side of dorsum
as long as or nearly as long as the segment, 9 with a similar stripe on
the basal half.
N. Antenodal cells five on the front wings, four on the hind, mesepi-
sternal tubercles present . soe ee ew ew ww 21. harknessi.
NN. Antenodal cells four on the front wings, three on the hind, mesepi-
sternal tubercles absent.
O. Mesostigmal lamina prolonged at the mesial end in a slender process.
Mid-dorsal thoracic stripe wider than the carina . . . . [violacea, Hagen *.]
Mid-dorsal thoracic stripe hardly wider than the carina, humeral
stripeamereline. . . . . . - . « . 84, violacea, var. pallens.
OO. Mesostigmal lamina rounded, with no slender prolongation ;
mid-dorsal thoracic stripe wider than the carina, humeral stripe
present.
Black stripes on dorsum of segments 8 and 9 not reaching to
the apices of the segments . Soe ee . 35. agrioides.
Black stripes on dorsum of segments 8 and 9 reaching to the
apices of the segments . . . . .. .., agrioides, var. nahuana.
3. Postbasal black streaks. absent on segments 3-6, apical black reduced to a
spot each side, 8-10 pale, unspotted.
_ 25. fissa. —_—*) Separable by the form of the
26. deami. | mesostigmal lamine: see
27. tarascana. figg. 12-14, Tab. LV.
1. Argia percellulata, sp. n. (Tab. 1V. figg. 5, 27.)
3. Rear of the head black above, pale below. Pale antehumeral stripe one-half as wide as the black mid-
dorsal. Humeral stripe deeply forked for its upper four-fifths to three-fourths, the humeral stripe proper
a mere line (absent in teneral individuals) ;. the mesepimeral stripe before uniting with the humeral stripe
proper is three-fourths to equally as wide as the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 dark brown (probably
black in adult), with a mid-dorsal elliptical yellow spot on basal two-thirds continued as a line to apex, or
a mid-dorsal line for the entire length of the segment, and each side with an ‘inferior yellow line; 3-7
dark brown or black, with a transverse basal ring, a fine mid-dorsal line (absent on the more posterior
segments), and a lateral streak, pale ; 8 blackish, with a transverse basal ring, a small mid-dorsal anteapical
spot, and an inferior lateral streak, pale; 9 pale (blue ?), each side with an inferior black stripe as long
as the segment.
ARGIA. 7d
?. Differs from the male as follows :—Rear of the head black with a pale stripe along the eye-margins. Pale
mid-dorsal line on segments 3~7 wider ; 8 and 9 pale (blue ?), each with a superior and an inferior brown
(probably black in adult) stripe, the latter as long as the segments, the former occupying the basal two-
thirds or, on 8 in some specimens, reaches the apex.
& Q. Pterostigma of the front wings, 1:18 ¢, 1-4 9 mm. long, of the hind wings 1:5 mm. long, surmounting
more than one cell on all.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 6 (75°/, ¢, 662°/o 2) or 5 (25%, od, 333 °/o 29); on the hind wings
5 (75 %/, 5, 100 9/, 2) or 4 (25/5 S). . .
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3 37:5, 9 36; hind wing, ¢ 28, 2? 30 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 4 3,3 9).
Of the seven specimens examined, some were taken in April and May; only one
female is older than the teneral stage. The majority of individuals have a greater
number of antenodal cells than usually occurs in Argia, thus suggesting the specific
name proposed.
2. Argia calida.
Agrion calidum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 93 (1861)* (the ¢ only, according to Selys).
Argia calida, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 390 (1865).
3. Rear of head black. Pale antehumeral stripe one-third as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe
one and one-half times as wide as the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 black, except for a small mid-dorsal
pale spot; 3-7 black with a narrow, transverse, basal, pale ring; 8 black; 9 blue, each side with an
inferior black stripe as long as the segment.
Pterostigma surmounting one cell in one male, more than one in the other.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (4 in one wing of one male), on the hind wings 4 (5 in one wing of
one male).
Dimensions.—Abdomen 32, hind wing 23 mm.
@ unknown. .
Hab. Mexico, Tampico! ? (12. C. Z.: 2 ¢ types of Hagen).
I drew up this description in 1897 from the two types, and have not since compared
them with the other material. The inferior appendages, according to Hagen’s profile
drawing, are much like those of our fig. 46, ‘Tab. IV., the superiors somewhat as in
our fig. 36.
3. Argia wilsoni, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 28, 28s.)
¢. Rear of the head black. Thoracic dorsum black, no pale antehumeral stripe, humeral stripe concolorous
and continuous with the thoracic dorsum, and reaching the first lateral suture. Segment 2 black, with
a, mid-dorsal oval blue spot in the basal two-thirds and an inferior pale streak each side; 3-8 black,
with a narrow, transverse, basal, pale ring, medially interrupted ; 9 blue, each side with an. inferior
black stripe as long as the segment.
Pterostigma of the front wings ‘94 long, of the hind wings 1 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell on all.
Antenodal cells 4 on all the wings.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 28, hind wing 19 mm.
Hab. Guatema.a, Livingston (H. Wilson, M. C. Z.: 1 ¢).
The unique type, taken between the months of February and April, 1885, agrees in
some respects with the description of A. ¢hespis, but differs from Hagen’s drawing of
the appendages, and by having four antenodal cells and no pale antehumeral stripe.
[2
76 | NEUROPTERA.
4. Argia mesta. (Tab. IV. figg. 20, 29, 29s.)
Agrion mestum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 94 (1861) *.
Argia mesta, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 384 (1865)°.
¢. Rear of the head chiefly black or dark brown. Pale antehumeral stripe one-half as wide as the dark
mid-dorsal stripe. Humeral stripe a line, uniting below with a wide mesepimeral band which reaches up
to the base of the front wings. Segment 2 mostly blackish, with 1 mid-dorsal yellow line; 3-7 blackish,
with a narrow, transverse, basal, yellow ring, and a fine, longitudinal, mid-dorsal, yellow line; 8 and 9
tawny, with a black spot or longitudinal stripe each side from the base to two-thirds of the way to the apex,
and the inferior margin blackish.
Qlder males have relatively less extended pale colours, and later become pruinose on the head, thorax, and
base and apex of the abdomen, thus concealing the original coloration.
The metepimeron and adjoining part of the metepisternum are blackish, while in A. putrida (d) the same
areas are pale.
G. Differs from the male as follows :—Rear of the head tawny, with a varying amount of black. Thoracic
dorsum pale (tawny or green), mid-dorsal and humeral stripes reduced to mere lines. Segment 2 pale
greenish, each side with a blackish longitudinal stripe (dilated at the hinder end) or anteapical spot;
3-7 pale brown or green, a longitudinal black stripe on each side for almost the entire length of each
segment, except at the base; 8 as in male; 9 pale green or brown, with or without a superior longitudinal
brown stripe on each side as long as the segment or only in its basal half.
In some females (e.g., from Linares), although somewhat pruinose on the pectus, segments 6, 7, and 8 are
almost devoid of dark markings.
& ©. Pterostigma of the front wings, 1:18 ¢,1:25 mm. Q long, surmounting more than one cell (97°5 °/, 6,
98 °/, 2) or one cell (2°5 °/, 5,2°/, 9). Pterostigma of the hind wings 1-4 ¢ 2 mm. long, surmounting
more than one cell (99 °/, ¢, 98°/, 2) or one cell (1°/, 5, 29/5 @).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (82 °/, 5d, 92°/, 92), 5 (15% b,8°%/o.9), 4+ (15 °/, 3), or
3 (15 °/, 3); on the hind wings 4 (87°5 °/, 3, 845 9/, 2 ),5(2°5 Jo 5, 45°, 2), 8+ (1%, 5, 2/6 2),
or 3 (92/4 5, 9%o 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 35-37, 2 31-385; hind wing, ¢ 24°5-27°5, 9 25-28 mm.
ITab. Unitep States, Pecos River! ?, Dallas (M. C. Z.: 1 2) and Round Mt. (colls.
P. P.C. and J.G. Needham: 8 , 42) in Texas, Arizona (C. U. lot 35, M. C. Z.:
2 6,1 2).—Mexico, Nuevo Laredo in ‘lamaulipas [4 ¢, 2 2 ], Montemorelos [5 ¢,
1 ?], and Linares [2 ¢, 2 2] in Nuevo Leon (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.).
The mesostigmal lamina of A. ma@sta, 2, is often not visible, being hidden by the
hind lobe of the prothorax.
A, putrida, Hagen, of the United States, differs apparently in colour only, and should
probably be regarded as a variety of A. mesta, this name having a priority of one page
in Hagen’s work.
6. Argia translata. (ab. IV. tigg. 18, 30, 30 s.)
Argia translata, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 410 (1865)'; Calvert, 27th Ann.
Rep. New Jersey State Board Agric., Suppl. p. 68 (1900) *.
dg. Rear of the head black, often with yellow along the eye-margins. Pale antehumeral stripe from one-third
(in younger) to one-twelfth (in older males) as wide as the black wid-dorsal, or absent altogether in old
individuals. Humeral stripe in younger males divided for almost its entire length, except at.its lower
end, into two, of which the anterior is the humeral stripe proper and is narrower than the pale ante-
humeral; the other is mesepimeral and is as wide as, or wider than, the pale antehumeral; with
age these two fuse so as to be even five times wider than the pale antehumeral. Segment 2
plack, each side with a pale inferior stripe, and in younger males a pale mid-dorsal stripe or spot; 3-7
ARGIA. 47
black, with a pale (blue or yellow) transverse basal ring, which may be interrupted on 3 or 4, and a pale
inferior stripe on either side; 8 black, with a pale (blue or yellow) transverse basal ring, and in some
specimens a short, basal, longitudinal streak on each side; 9 with the basal half to fourth blue, remainder
black, whose anterior margin is deeply sinuate ; rarely the apical black on 9 is reduced to a stripe on either
side of-the dorsum im its apical half.
2. Differs from the male as follows :—Occasionally the rear of the head is chiefly pale. Pale antehumeral
stripe from one-fifth to three-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe as in younger males.
Pale mid-dorsal stripe on segment 2 as in younger males, varying in length from one-half of to as
long as the segment, or divided into a basal stripe and an apical spot ; 3-7 as in the male, but also
with a pale mid-dorsal longitudinal stripe (which may or may not be confluent with the basal ring) and
the lateral stripes wider ; 8 and 9 pale (greenish), each side with a superior and an inferior black stripe
as long as the segments, or not quite reaching the apex on 9: these stripes sometimes so wide as to
almost obliterate the pale colours. .
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘9-1 mm. ¢ @ long, surmounting one cell (45 9/, 5, 49°3 °/o 2 ), more
than one cell (41°/, gd, 42°3 °/, 2), or less than one cell (14 9/5 5,83 %/o 2); of the hind wings 1-
1:2 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (48 °/, ¢, 59°) o/, 9), one cell (47 9/, bd, 36°95 lo 2), OF
less (5 9/4 5, 4 %o 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (81:25 °/, 3, 79°5°/o 2), 4(14%o o 16°5°/, 9), 4+ (3°25 lg S)s
or 6 (15%) 5,4 %/o @); on the hind wings 4 (945 °/, 3, 96 0/1, Q), B(55%J, 5), 5 (26 %o P), oF
3+ (13°, 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27-33, 2 26-29°5; hind wing, ¢ 18°5-23, 2 20°5-23°5 mm.
Hab. Untrep States, White Lake, Sullivan Co., New York (P. P. Calvert: 10 3,
3 2, 8 pairs in copuld), Newfoundland in New Jersey? (Davis, coll. P. P.C.: 28),
Washington, D.C. (J. 8. Hine, coll. P. P.C.: 16,1 2), Jemmys Creek, Marion Co.,
Arkansas (coll. C. C. Adams: 1 3, 2 2), Waco (M.C.Z.: 6 ¢,6 2,1 pair in copula),
Round Mt. (colls. A. W.S., P. P.C.: 76,6 @), and San Antonio (A.V. S.: 2d,
1 ¢), Texas.—Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 15 3,6 2 ), Atoyac (Smith,
Schumann: 10 3,6 @) and San Lorenzo, Cordova (Trujillo: 4 ¢, 2 2)in Vera Cruz,
‘Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 2 ?); Britis Honpuras (Blancaneauz: 46,1 2);
Guatemata, Livingston (7. Wilson, M. C. Z.: 26,19); Panama (M.C.Z.: 1).
—Venuzueta (M. C. Z.: 5 3,2 2), Puerto Cabello *.
6. Argia tezpi, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 19, 31, 31s.)
Argia cuprea, Calvert, Proc, Calif. Acad. Sei. (2) iv. p. 479, t. 15. fig. 12 (apps. ¢) (1895) °.
¢. Rear of the head black, pale below the postocular spots and along the eye-margins. Pale antehumeral
stripe one-tenth to one-twelfth as wide as the dark metallic violet (or dark metallic green or almost black
in dried specimens) mid-dorsal stripe. Humeral stripe four to five times as wide as the pale antehumeral
and sometimes enclosing a small pale spot at its upper end. Segment 2 black ; 3-7 black (often with metallic
green reflection), with a pale, narrow, transverse, basal ring; 8 black; 9 black on sides inferiorly and
on basal two-thirds of dorsum, apical dorsal third pale, having its anterior margin deeply sinuate ; the
basal dorsal black may be reduced to a pair of basal stripes or isolated spots, or the apical pale area may
be reduced to a pair of small spots.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—-Pale antehumeral stripes one-fourth to one-half as wide as the black
mid-dorsal stripe. Humeral stripe divided lengthwise into two unequal stripes in its upper half (forked),
its lower half equal to, or twice as wide as, the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 pale, each side with a
superior longitudinal stripe as long as the segment, and a shorter inferior streak, black; 3-7 as in the
male, but 3-6 with a pale, mid-dorsal, longitudinal line, the sides yellowish with a narrow, inferior,
longitudinal, brown stripe as long as the segments; 8 and 9 pale green or blue, each side with an inferior
brown stripe as long as each segment anda superior blackish stripe from the base to two-thirds or one-half
78 NEUROPTERA.
the way to the apex, or even to the apex on 8; these superior stripes are Sometimes fused on the mid-dorsal
line on 8.
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings 1 g, 1:2 mm. 9 long, surmounting one cell (55°6 °/, g, 70 °/, 2), more
than one cell (33°3°/, 3, 24°/, 9), or less than one cell (11 9/, bd, 6 °/o 2); of the hind wings, 1-1 ¢,
1:3 2 mm. long, surmounting one cell (48°5 9/, ¢ 9), more than one cell (43 °/, 3, 515 °/, 9), or less
_ than one cell (8°5 °/, 3).
Antenodal cells of the front wings 5 (80°75°/, d, 85°/) 2), 4 (13°75 %o 3, 12°/, 9), 44+ (3%, Q),
6 (2°75 °/, 3), or 3(2°75°/, 2); of the hind wings 4 (94°5°/, 3, 917s 2), 5 (275%, 3, 6/5 Q),
3+ (3°/, 2), or 3 (2°75 °/, 3).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 29°5-35, 2 30°5; hind wing, ¢ 22-26, 9 25 mm.
Hab. LowER Catirornia, Comondu!, Mesa Verde!, El Paraiso!, Sierra San Lazaro 1,
Miraflores [2 ¢,1 2], and San José del Cabo [3 3, 2 9] (Hisen & Vaslit; Haines ;
colls. P. P. C. and Calif. Acad. Sci.).—Mexico, San Blas (Richardson: 3 2), Sierra
Madre (Buchan-Hepburn, coll. McLachlan: 2 3,1 2), Rio Cocula [1 ¢] and Rio de
las Balsas [1 ? ] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Tepetlapa [1 ¢], Tierra Colorada [1 ¢ |,
Savana Grande [4 ¢, 2 2 |, Venta de Zopilote [2 ¢, 1 ?], Rincon [2 2 ], Dos Arroyos
[2 ¢,2 2], Rio Papagaio [1 ¢,1 2], and Acapulco [1 ¢], all in Guerrero (H. H.
Smith).
In spite of the metallic colours of this species, which, preserved in alcohol, caused —
me to formerly 1 identify it as A. cuprea, Hag., the nearest relative is A. translata, which
A, tezpt appears to replace on the western coast, as may be seen by comparing the
habitats of these two forms. In different localities it has been taken from March to
October.
The specific name ¢ezpi is derived from the legendary “‘ Noah” of Michoacan.
7. Argia sedula, (Tab. IV. figg. 7, 32, 32 s.)
Agrion sedulum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 94 (1861) '.
Argia sedula, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 411 (1865)?; Kellicott, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xvii. p. 203 (1895) *; Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Indiana, p- 263 (1900) *.
3. Rear of the head chiefly pale. Pale antehumeral stripe one-half to one-third as wide as the black
mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe wider than the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 blue, each side with a
longitudinal black stripe, the two uniting on the mid-dorsal line for the posterior half to three-fourths
(or even the entire length) of the dorsum; 3-7 black or dark brown, the sides inferiorly and the entire
basal sixth to eighth blue; the black is often narrowed on the middle of 3-5 or —6, and in one male
the constriction is so great as to entirely separate the postbasal from the apical area; 8 blue, each side
with an inferior longitudinal black stripe on the apical third to half; 9 blue, each side with an
inferior longitudinal black stripe for the entire length of the segment, this in some specimens not quite
reaching the base.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Thoracic dorsum pale brown, mid-dorsal stripe reduced to a black line
on the carina, no humeral stripe. Segments 2-7 pale brown, with traces of darker markings corresponding
to the black areas of the male; 8 and 9 pale brown, unmarked.
3 9. Pterostigma of the front wings, -75 3, °9 mm. 9 long, surmounting less than one cell (62°/, 3,
42 °/, 2), one cell (31 °/, 5, 33°/, 2 ), or more than one cell (7 °/, 3, 25 °lo 2); of the hind wings,
‘9 5, ‘9-1 mm. Q long, surmounting less than one cell (51 °/, 3, 45 °/, 9), one cell (37 °/, ¢,
41:5 °/, 2), or more than one cell (12°/, ¢, 135 °/, 2). .
ARGIA. 79
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (80°/, ¢, 92°/, 2), 34 (7% d, 4%» Q), or 3 (13 9/6 3, 4%7o 2);
on the hind wings 3 (98 °/, 3, 95:5 /, 2), 4 (2%o d), or 2 (45 %/, Q).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3 24-28, 2 24:5-26; hind wing, ¢ 18-20, 9 19-5-20°5 mm.
Hab. Unirep Srares, Berkeley Springs, Virginia}, Elkhart, Indiana 4 (Weith, coll.
P.P.C.: 18), Round Mt. (colls. A. NW. S., P. P.C., J. G. Needham: 23,5 2),
San Antonio (A. W. 8.: 1 2), Carrizo Springs (M. C. Z.: 1 3), and Pecos River?
in Texas (A. WV. §., no special locality: 16 ¢, 4 2), Phenix, Arizona (coll. Adams:
1 3 ).—MeExico, Monterey (Rhoads: 2 3,2 9) and Linares (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
1 3) in Nuevo Leon.
8. Argia pulla., (Tab. IV. figg. 33, 33s, 33s.)
Argia pulla, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 410 (1863) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 382, t. 25. fig. 4 (apps. ¢) (1899)?; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
il, p. 371 (1899) *.
3. Rear of the head variable in colour, in some specimens black, in others pale predominates. Pale (violet)
antehumeral stripe varying in width from one-half of to as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Black humeral
stripe usually wider in its lower part, narrower than or equal in width to the pale antehumeral.
Segment 2 violet, each side with a longitudinal black stripe, uniting on the mid-dorsal line before the
apex ; 3-7 black, with a very narrow, pale, transverse, basal ring; 8 and 9 blue, sometimes violet, each
side with an inferior longitudinal black stripe extending the entire length of the segment, or not reaching
the base.
9. Differs from the male as follows :—Segments 3 and 4 with a pale longitudinal mid-dorsal line. Younger
individuals have no dark markings on 8 and 9.
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings, ‘7 ¢, 6-8 mm. ? long, surmounting less than one cell (534 °/, 3,
474°/, Q), one cell (433 °/, 5, 483°/, 2), or more than one cell (23 °/, 3, 4°/o 2); of the hind wings,
8 g, 81mm. 2 long, surmounting one cell (51 °/, 5, 58 °/, 2 ), less than one cell (45 °/, 5, 36°/, 2),
or more than one cell (4°/, 5, 6°/, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (91:5 °/, 5, 91%, 2), 4(8°7/o 5, 9%o 2), or 3+ (5°/, 5); on the
hind wings 3 (93 %/o 3, 93%/o 2), 2+ (47/0 3, 3%/o 2), or 2(3%o 3, 4%. 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 23°5-28, 2 24°5-28°5; hind wing, ¢ 17-19, 9 18-21 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic? (Lisen & Vaslit, coll. P. P. C.: 15 3,8 2), Sierra Madre,
Tepic (ichardson: 1 3), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 1 3), Guadalajara (Schu-
mann: 1 9), Misantla (Godman: 2 3), Vera Crnz (H. H. Smith, Godman: 9 3),
Atoyac[4 ¢.], Medellin {1 ¢ ], Teapa in Tabasco [45 3, 37 2] (H. H. Smith), Jojutla
in Morelos [1 ¢], Iguala [2 ¢ ], Rio Cocula [1 2] and Rio de Las Balsas [1 ¢ |
(Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), and Tepetlapa (H. H. Smith: 2 ¢ ) in Guerrero, ‘Tehuantepec
(coll. Deam: 1 3), Tolosa (coll. Deam: 1 2); Guatemata, Livingston (H. Wilson,
M.C.Z.: 16,12); Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gawmer: 1 3); Nicaragua (U.S. N.M.:
13,3 2), Chontales (Janson: 3 6); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 2 3); Panama
(M. C. Z:1 6; coll. Adams: 3 3), Chiriqui (coll, Adams: 2 3), La Chorrera
(Dolby-Tyler *).— VENEZUELA '.
This is evidently a very abundant species. Some of the above material is recorded
80 NEUROPTERA.
from every month in the year, but nothing is known as to how continuous its appear-
ance may be in any given locality.
Considerable variation exists, even in individuals from the same locality, as to the
degree to which the tip of the superior appendage of the male is bifid, and in the
acuteness of the outer branch of the same. ‘The shape of the inferior appendage, seen
in profile, is especially characteristic of this species.
The mesostigmal lamina of the female is small, similar in shape to that of
A. agrioides (Tab. IV. fig. 26).
9. Argia ulmeca, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 9, 34, 34s, 347.)
i. Rear of the head black, a pale stripe along the eye-margins. Pale (blue or violet) antehumeral stripe
from three-fifths to two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe forked at its upper end
in younger males; at mid-height from two-thirds as, to slightly wider than, the pale antehumeral.
Segment 2 black, an oval, dorsal, blue or violet spot in the basal two-thirds, and each side with a pale
inferior stripe; 3-7 black, with a transverse, basal, blue ring, prolonged on 3 to the middle or to two-
thirds the length of the segment, and on 4 to from one-sixth to one-third its length; 8 and 9 blue, each
side with an inferior black stripe as long as the segment, or absent in the basal fourth; oceasionally
8 has also a pair of black anteapical dorsal spots.
9. Differs from the male as follows:—Humeral stripe forked. Blue mid-dorsal prolongation on segments
3 and 4 sometimes reaching to three-fourths the length of these segments, or on 4 sometimes
not more than a line, and a trace of such a line on 5; 7 in some specimens with an inferior yellow line
each side; 8 and 9 luteous(?), each side with an inferior black stripe as long as the segments and
a superior black band on the basal two-thirds or half, all four of these being confluent at the base of
each segment.
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings 1:1 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (92°3°/, ¢, 100 °/, 2) or
one (7°6 °/, 3); of-the hind wings 1:1—1-25 long, surmounting more than one cell (100 °/, ¢ @).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (77 °/, ¢, 96 9/, 2), 5 (23 °/, 5), or 34+ (49/5 2); on the hind wings
4 (100 °/, 3, 88°, 9) or 3 (12%, 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, $ 32°5-35°5, 2 29-5-32; hind wing, ¢ 23°5-26, 2 235-25 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Chavarillo j(Barreti, coll. P. P. C.: 26,1 2) and Atoyac (Schu-
mann, H. H. Smith: 7 3,12 9) in Vera Cruz, Acaguizotla [1 3] and Rincon in
Guerrero [2 ¢ | (H. H. Smith); Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux: 1 ¢ ).
_ Taken in April and May in Vera Cruz, in October in Guerrero. Resembles
A. oculata to some extent. In addition to the differences given in the key, A. ulmeca
possesses a longer pterostigma. The specific name is derived from the Ulmecs, a tribe
said to have preceded the Toltecs in Mexico.
10. Argia adamsi, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 35, 35 a.)
3. Rear of the head black. Pale antehumeral stripe one-third to one-fourth as wide as the black mid-dorsal.
Humeral stripe one and a half times as wide as the pale antehumeral, forked or not above, reaching
to the first lateral thoracic suture. Segment 2 blue, each side with a superior black stripe widened
before the apex (which it reaches), but narrowed behind, united with its fellow by a very narrow, transverse,
apical, black ring, and an inferior, ill-defined, blackish stripe; 3-7 black, blue at base, prolonged
on mid-dorsal line on the basal four-fifths (on 3) to two-fifths (on 6), tapering posteriorly ; 8 and 9
blue, each side with an inferior black stripe as long as the segment, 8 (in addition) with an isolated,
mid-dorsal, black spot on the apical fifth.
ARGIA. 81
Pterostigma surmounting more than one cell on all the wings, 1 mm. long on the front, 1:13 long on the hind.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (83:3 °/o) or 4+ (16-6 °/,); on the hind wings 3 (66°6 °/o), 4 (16°6 9/0),
or 3+ (16°6 9/,).
Dimensions.—Abdomen 27°5, hind wing 20 mm.
© unknown.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Adams: 1 ¢ ), Bugaba (Champion: 2 ¢ ).
Named after Mr. C. C. Adams, of Bloomington, Illinois, whose collection of Argia,
lent with the greatest liberality, has been an important source of knowledge for the
present work.
11. Argia oculata, (Tab. IV. figg. 11, 36, 36s, 362, 36 id.)
Argia oculatu, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p- 409 (1865) *.
d. Rear of the head black, often with a pale stripe along the eye-margins, whose width varies so that neither
colour predominates. Pale (blue, sometimes violet) antehumeral stripe from one-sixth to slightly more
than one-half as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe of nearly uniform width, not forked,
usually enclosing a comma-shaped blue spot in its upper end, from one to three times as wide as the pale
antehumeral, Segment 2 blue, sometimes violet, each side with a wide black stripe united with its fellow
of the opposite side on the dorsum at base and usually at apex, thus leaving between them-an oval blue
or violet spot ; 3-7 black, witha very narrow, pale, transverse, basal ring, and a mid-dorsal stripe on 3-6,
pointed at its hinder end on each segment, its extent varying from the basal sixth to three-fifths on 6, and
proportionally rather more on 3-5; 8-9 blue, each side with an inferior black stripe as long as each
segment, or not quite reaching the base on 8.
¢. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale antehumeral stripe one-third to one-fourth as wide as the black
mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe as wide as the antehumeral. Oval spot on segment 2 yellow, smaller than
in the male, sometimes absent ; mid-dorsal stripe on 3-5, not on 6, occupying the basal three-fifths or less
on 5, proportionally more on 3 and 4; 8 and 9 coloured as in male, but with the addition of a transverse,
basal, black band, which connects the two lateral stri pes and whose hind margin is prolonged into two short
stripes (one on either side of the median line) on the dorsum of each segment,
3 . Pterostigma of the front wings ‘9 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (58°75 °/, 5,39 °/, 2), one
cell (37°38 °/, 3, 53 °/y Q ), or loss than one cell (3°5 °lo 3,8 %o 2); of the hind wings -9-1-1 mm. long,
surmounting more than one cell (55-2 °/, 3, 36 °/o 2), one cell (43 °/, 3, 64 °/ 2), or less than one
(18 %Jo 3).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (88 °/, ¢, 893 °lo 2), 5 (43 7, S, 26 Jo 2), 3 (6%, 5,8 °lo Q), or
4+ (1°8°/, 3); on the hind wings 3 (79°8°/, 3, 89°3°/, 2), 4(17°5 °/o 3,106 °%/, 2), or 8+ (2°6 9, g ).
Dimensions.— Abdomen, 3 28-32°5, 2 25-30; hind wing, ¢ 20-23, 2 21-235 mm.
Considerable variation in the length of the lower branch of the inferior appendages of the male exists.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic [1 ¢ }, Misantla (F. D. G.: 1 ¢,1 9), Jalapa (Trujillo: 1-g ),
and Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 16 ¢, 12 9) in Vera Cruz, Putla (coll.
McLachlan: 1 3, labelled “ meaicana” in de Selys’s handwriting), Amula [1 ¢,1 2],
Chilpancingo [1 ¢ ], Tepetlapa [1 3], Acaguizotla [2 ¢], and Dos Arroyos [2 ¢,
1 ¢] in Guerrero (4. H. Smith), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.:
2d), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 6 3); Guaremata (coll. Adams: 10 3,2 2 )
Livingston (4. Wilson, M.C.Z.: 13); Payama, Bugaba (Champion: 1 ¢ ), Isthmus
of Panama (coll. ddams: 3 ¢,1 9 ).—CoLomBta, Bogota !, Sta, Fé de Bogota (Lindig,
M.C.Z.: 13); Vuvxezveta (M. C.Z.: 6 3), La Guayralh
Taken in most of the months of the year, but not continuously at any one place.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., January 1902. mM
82 NEUROPTERA.
12. Argia herberti, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 37, 37s.)
d. Rear of the head black, a pale stripe along the eye-margins. Pale antehumeral stripe one-half as wide as
the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe forked in its upper third, at its middle equal in width to the pale
antehumeral. Segment 2 pale brown, each side with a superior black stripe, the two enclosing- between
them a pale oval spot with a narrower prolongation which reaches to the apex; 3-7 black, with a pale,
transverse, basal ring which is prolonged backward on the mid-dorsal line of 3-5, viz. to five-sixths the
length of 3, three-fourths of 4, one-sixth of 5; 8 and 9 pale brown, each side with an inferior black stripe
as long as the segments, and which on 8 reaches farther up on to the dorsum at apex than at base.
Pterostigma of the front wings -94 long, of the hind wings ‘98 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell,
except in one hind wing in which it surmounts but one cell.
Antenodal cells 4, except on one hind wing on which there are 3+.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 380°5, hind wing 23: 5 mm.
2 unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (7. H. Smith: 1 3).
Taken in August. Named after Mr. Herbert H. Smith, whose extensive collections
in Mexico form such a large part of the material for this work.
13. Argia popoluca, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 8, 38, 38 s.)
3. Rear of the head black. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe slightly more than one-half as wide as the black
mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe forked in its upper third, about equal in width to the pale antehumeral.
Segment 2 black, a basal, blue, mid-dorsal spot reaching two-thirds the way to the apex, and each
side with two inferior blue spots; 3-6 blue, each side with an inferior black stripe from base to apex,
widened in the apical eighth (on 3) to fourth (on 6), in which it meets its fellow of the opposite side on
the dorsum; 7 black, with a transverse, basal, blue ring; 8 and 9 blue, each side with an inferior black
stripe as long as the segments. .
¢. Differs from the male as follows:--Pale antehumeral stripe green. Humeral stripe fading into brown
above, with no distinct trace of being forked. Segment 2 black, with steel-blue reflection, no blue spots ;
3-7 black with steel-blue reflections, 3-6 with a narrow, pale, transverse, basal ring, medially interrupted ;
§ black, with a blue spot on either side of the dorsum in the apical fourth; 9 much faded, perhaps blue
with an inferior black stripe each side. .
3 9. Pterostigma of the front wings, °8 ¢,°9 2 long, of the hind wings -85 mm. long, surmounting more
than one cell on all. .
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4, on the hind wings 38, in all cases.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 26, 2 24:5; hind wing, ¢ 185, 9 19°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 2 3,1 2).
The three types were taken in March. The specific name is derived from the
“ Popolucas,” a tribe formerly inhabiting Southern Mexico.
14. Argia indicatrix, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 23, 39, 39.)
‘g. Rear of the head black. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe two-thirds as wide as the black mid-dorsal.
Humeral stripe three-fourths to equally as wide as the pale antehumeral, fading into light brown in its
upper half. Segment 2 blue, each side with a black stripe as long as the segment, widened at the hinder
end, where it is confluent with a more inferior black spot; 3-7 black, with a transverse, basal, blue ring
prolonged on mid-dorsum of 3 to five-sixths its length and on 4 for the basal third; 8 black, with a mid-
dorsal blue stripe as long as the segment, narrower at its hinder end; 9 blue, each side with an inferior
black stripe as long as the segment.
Q. Ditters from the male as follows :—Pale antehumeral stripe one-half (or somewhat less than one-half) as
wide as the mid-dorsal. Blue on dorsum of segment 2 reduced to a narrow median stripe or central spot ;
ARGIA. 83.
blue on dorsum of segments 3 and 4 (other than the basal ring) reduced to a median line almost as lon?
as each segment; 8 black, apical half of dorsum only blue; 9 like 8 of male, or with the apical dorsal
blue reduced to the terminal third of the segment.
3 9. Pterostigma of the front wings, "8d, ‘9 2 long, of the hind wings, 1:18 g, 1:13 mm. ? long,
surmounting more than one cell on all.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4, on the hind wings 3, in all cases.
Demensions —Abdomen, ¢ 25, 9 23; hind wing, ¢ 9,18 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 3 3,12); Nicaracua(U.S.M.M.:
13,292).
In both sexes the wings have a yellowish tinge, which in the Nicaraguan females is even
smoky. ‘This species agrees in some respects with Selys’s description of A. tinctipennis,
but. according to Hagen’s drawing, differs from it in the form of the male appendages.
Had I not seen this drawing I should have identified A. indicatriz as A tinctipennis; and
this fact leads me to suggest that the two males from La Chorrera, Panama, referred
to A. tinctipennis by Kirby [Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 371 (1899)], may really
be A. indicatriz. The specific name indicatrix is suggested by a resemblance of the
superior appendage in oblique view (fig. 39s) to a hand with the index-finger extended.
15. Argia rogersi, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 40, 40s.)
¢. Rear of the head black. Thoracic dorsum black, with a slight metallic-green reflection; no pale ante-
humeral stripe; the humeral stripe concolorous and continuous with the thoracic dorsum, and reaching to
the first lateral suture, not cleft nor enclosing any pale colour. Segment 2 black, with a mid-dorsal, oval,
blue spot reaching to three-fifths of the length of the segment and continued in one male as a narrow
prolongation to the apex; 3-7 black, 3 with a transverse, basal, blue ring prolonged on mid-dorsum to
two-fifths of the length of the segment and ending in a sharp point, 4 with a small, mid-dorsal, basal,
blue spot; 8 (very much faded) possibly blue, with an inferior black stripe each side as long as the
segment; 9 (much faded) probably blue, with an inferior black stripe each side as in 8.
Pterostigma of the front wings 1:18 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell; of the hind wings 1 mm. long,
surmounting more than one cell, except on one wing, in which it surmounts one cell.
Antenodals on the front wings 4, on the hind wings 3 (except in one wing of one male, in which there are 4).
Dimensions.—Abdomen 31°5 mm., hind wing 24 mm.
© unknown.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 2 3).
The female of this species may be what I have here called A. difficilis, or another
broken specimen of the same sex from Bugaba contained in Mr. Godman’s collection,
but which I do not describe on account of its imperfection. ‘There is no evidence,
however, that either of these is the other sex of the males from Caché. d. rogerst
agrees very nearly with Selys’s descriptions of A. collata and of A. reclusa. It differs
greatly, however, from A. collata in the form of the appendages, judging from Hagen’s
drawing, and also in the absence of pale marks on the labrum and on the thoracic
dorsum. ‘The Costa Rican insect has appendages very like those of A. reclusa, to judge
from Hagen’s drawing of them, but differs from Selys’s description of that species in its
larger size, longer pterostigma, four antenodal cells on the front wings, and the absence
m2?
of blue on the labrum, nasus, and thoracic dorsum.
84 NEUROPTERA.
16. Argia difficilis. (Tab. IV. fig. 15.)
Argia difficilis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 413 (1863) '.
@. Rear of the head black, a narrow yellow line along the eye-margins. Pale antehumeral stripe one-fourth
as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe twice as wide as the pale antehumeral, not forked,
enclosing only a very small pale spot at its upper end. Segment 2 metallic black, a small, circular, mid-
dorsal blue spot, and a narrow, inferior, pale stripe each side; 3-7 black, with a narrow, transverse, basal,
blue ring, in some specimens a pale mid-dorsal stripe on basal half of 3; 8 and 9 blue, each side with an
inferior black stripe as long as the segment and a superior spot in the basal half, the two spots often
confluent with each other and with the inferior stripes at the extreme base of the segment.
Pterostigma of the front wings ‘9 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (50 °/,), one cell (43 °/,), or less
than one (7 °/); of the hind wings 1 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (72°/,) or one cell (28 °/,).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (93 °/,) or 3 (7 °/,); on the hind wings 3 (93 °/,) or 4 (7 °/,).
Dimensions— Abdomen 27:5-29-5, hind wing 21-22 mm.
d unknown.
Hab. Panama (Hassler Expedition, M. C. Z.: 1 ¢), Bugaba (Champion: 3 ¢).—
VENEZUELA (Dr. Habuel*, coll. P. P. C., ex coll. Selys: 1 2); Ecuavor (coll. C. C.
Adams: 2 2); Pzru, Jurimaguas |.
There is no evidence to enable me to correlate these females with any of the males
which I have studied. They have the labrum, nasus, and frons black, with a yellow
spot on each gena and one on the base of each mandible, which, with other features,
suggest the possibility of their being the other sex of the males here described under
the name of 4. rogersi. See, however, the remarks on this subject under that species.
17. Argia cuprea. (Tab. IV. figg. 22, 41, 41s.)
Agrion cupreum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p, 96 (1861) *.
Argia cuprea, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 407 (1865)? [nec Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.
(2) iv. p. 479 (1895) ].
gd. Rear of the head black, a pale yellow stripe along the eye-margins below. Thoracic dorsum brilliant
metallic coppery-red, no pale antehumeral stripe; humeral stripe concolorous and continuous with the
thoracic dorsum, sometimes with a distinctly purple tinge. Segment 2 black, shining, each side with a
small basal, a larger apical, and an inferior stripe blue, or all three confluent ; 3-7 black, shining, or
dark metallic green, a transverse, basal, blue ring, interrupted on 3; 8 black, with a transverse, basal,
blue ring; 9 blue each side, with an inferior black stripe as long as the segment; 10 blue, except the
sides inferiorly and a narrow, transverse, apical border, black.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Coppery colours of the thorax of a darker shade. Pale antehumeral
stripe present, from one-half to three-fifths as wide as the mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe twice as wide
as the pale antehumeral or of equal width. Segments 2-8 black, a mid-dorsal pale line almost as long as
the segments and each side with an equally long inferior pale stripe ; 3-7 also with a transverse, basal, pale
ring, which is sometimes medially interrupted on 3 and 4; 9 pale (blue 2), each side with an inferior
stripe as long as the segment and a broad superior band from the base to two-thirds the way to the
apex, black; 10 blue.
3. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘94-1-1 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (66°6 ll, a,
93°75 °/o 2) or one celi (33:3 °/, 3, 6-25 %/, 2); of the hind wings, 1-1:18 ¢, 1:3-1:-4 mm. 2
long, surmounting more than one cell (85°3 °/, 3,75 °/, 2) or one (14-6 °/, 3, 25, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (94 °9/, ¢, 100 lo 2) or 4 (6 %/, 3)3 on the hind wings 4 (94°25 °/, 3,
100 °/, 2) or 5 (5°75 %/, 3).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3 30-32°5, 9 28-30; hind wing, ¢ 22-24, © 23-25 mm.
* (? Hahnel, a well-known traveller in South America,—Epb. ]
ARGIA. 85
Hab. Mexico, Diente near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 7 3,5 2), Atoyac in
Vera Cruz [2 g, 1 2], Teapa in Tabasco [6 3,2 9] (H. H. Smith), Cordova};
GuatemaLa, Cahabon [1 ¢] and Panima [1 ¢] in Vera Paz (Champion).
Observed, in different localities, February to May.
The females from Diente are pruinose on the thorax below and have no metallic
colours on the labrum or nasus. Selys’s male was larger (ab. 36, h. w. 26 mm.) than
those I have seen. Hagen! says “The eighth segment is sometimes all blue, ¢”; I
have not met any such, and perhaps the observation refers to those subsequently named
A. jocosa by de Selys, although there are difficulties in the way of this view.
18. Argia cupraurea (Selys, MS.), sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 24, 42.)
d. Rear of the head black, a narrow yellow stripe along eye-margins. Thoracic dorsum metallic coppery-red
or -green, no pale antehumeral stripe, the humeral stripe concolorous and continuous with the mid-dorsal.
Segment 2 blue, each side with a superior longitudinal black band from base to apex, widened before the
latter, and an inferior brown stripe almost as long ; 3-6 blue, apical sixth black; in the males other than
the type a narrow, black, inferior, longitudinal stripe extends forward from the apical black nearly to
base ; 7 black, basal fifth blue; 8 and 9 blue, each side with an inferior black stripe for the apical two-
thirds of 8 and the entire length of 9.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—A pale yellowish antehumeral stripe three-fifths as wide as the mid-
dorsal. Humeral stripe forked at its upper end, slightly wider than the pale antehumeral. Segments
2-8 yellow, a broad, mid-dorsal, metallic-black band, and each side with a narrow, inferior, longitudinal,
dark stripe, leaving, however, a pale basal ring on 3-7; 9 pale (yellow or blue?), each side with a
superior band for the basal two-thirds and an inferior stripe for the entire length of the segment, black.
3 2. Pterostigma surmounting more than one cell on all wings, ‘8 mm. long on the front, °9 mm. long on
the hind.
Antenodal cells 5 on the front and 4 on the hind wings in all this material.
Dimensions.— Abdomen, g 29, 9 27:5; hind wing, ¢ 20, 9 22 mm.
Hab. Panama (coll. C. C. Adams: 1 6,1 2), David (Champion: 1 3 ).—VeENEZUELA
(Dr. Habuel *, coll. P. P. C., ex coll. Selys: 1 3), San Esteban (coll. P. P. C., ex coll.
Selys: 1 3,1 2, with labels “‘ cupraurea” in de Selys’s handwriting).
19. Argia nea. (Tab. IV. figg. 10, 43, 44, 44s.)
Argia wnea, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 407 (1865) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (2) iv. p. 481, t. 15. figg. 21, 22 (apps. ¢) (1895) %.
d. Rear of the head black near the occipital foramen, pale along the eye-margins, sometimes one and sometimes
the other colour predominating. Thoracic dorsum metallic coppery-red or dark metallic brown f, or with
metallic-green or metallic-purple reflections ; pale antehumeral stripe absent or present only for its upper
end, or in the single teneral male examined complete and one-eighth as wide as the mid-dorsal. Humeral
stripe coloured like the mid-dorsal, with which it is mostly continuous. Segment 2 violet or blue, each
side with a superior and an inferior blackish stripe, the former wider at its hinder end; 3-6 violet or
blue, with the apical sixth to third (on 3), third to half (on 6) black, which may extend forward along the
inferior margins of the segments to their bases; 7 black, except a pale, transverse, basal ring; 8 and 9
violet or blue, with or without an inferior black stripe each side ; dorsum of 10 blue, with a transverse,
apical, black stripe.
* [? Hahnel.—Ep. |
t It was so in the alcoholic males which I described *, and which are surely conspecific.
86 NEUROPTERA.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale antehumeral stripe present, from one-fourth to equally as wide
as the mid-dorsal, which is less brilliant than in the male. Humeral stripe deeply forked for its upper
two-thirds, lower third somewhat wider than the pale antehumeral, or the humeral stripe proper may be
present only on the upper half of the humeral suture and unconnected with the mesepimeral, which is
half as wide as the pale antehumeral. Dorsum of segment 2 black, with an elongated, pale, elliptical,
median spot, contracted behind into a line or rounded prclongation, sides pale, with an inferior black
stripe ; 3-7 black, with a pale, transverse, basal ring, which may or may not be medially interrupted, and a
pale, mid-dorsal, longitudinal stripe, confluent or not with the basal ring and occupying the basal five-
sixths or less ‘of 3-5 or 6; 8 and 9 blue, each side with a superior and an inferior stripe black, the latter
as long as the segments, the former on 8 as long as the segment, or reaching from the base to two-thirds
of the way to the apex, as it does on 9; dorsum of 10 blue.
g Q. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘9-1 mm. long, surmounting one cell (46 °/, 3, 84°3 °/, 2), more than
one cell (32 °/, 3, 28°6 °/, 2), or less than one cell (22 °/, 3, 7 °/o 2) 3 of the hind wings, 1 ¢, 1:27-
1:18 mm. 2 long, surmounting one cell (54°6 °/, ¢, 38°3 °/, 9), more than one cell (34 °/, 5 ,54°/, 2),
or less than one (11°3 9/, b, 7°6 °/o 2 ).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (87:3 °/, 3, 93 9, 2), 4 (8 %o db), 6 (23 ol, 3, 7 Jo 2), OF
4+ (2:3 °/, $); on the hind wings 4 (94:3 °/, ¢, 100 °/, 2) or 5 (56 %/y S).
‘Dimensions. —Abdomen, ¢ 28°5-30°3, 2 26; hind wing, ¢ 20°5-22, 9 21°5-23 mm.
Hab. Lower Catirornia, Mesa Verde (Calvert ?), Miraflores (Eisen & Vaslit, coll.
P. P.C.: 1 2), and San José del Cabo (Hisen, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3, 2 2 ).—MExICo,
Santa Ana in Chihuahua (Buchan-Hepburn, coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢ ), Monterey, Nuevo
Leon (Rhoads: 1 6), Tampico!, Tamaulipas (fide Hagen), Misantla (FP. D. G.: 3 3),
Chavarillo (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 18 3, 3 2), Atoyac (HZ. H. Smith: 7 3),
Omealca and San Lorenzo near Cordova (Trujillo: 4 3), Cordova (fide Hagen’),
and Orizaba (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 13) in Vera Cruz, Putla (coll. McLachlan :
1 ¢, labelled *‘ @nea” in de Selys’s handwriting), Cuernavaca (Larrett, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢), Chilpancingo [1 ¢ |, Tepetlapa [1 9], Tierra Colorada [1 @ ], and Rio Papagaio
[1 ¢ ] in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guatumata, Panzos in Vera Paz (Champion: 2 ¢ ).
—CotompBia (Thorey, M. C. Z.: 1 faded male probably belonging to this species).
The specimens from Eastern Mexico were taken between March and June, those
from Western Mexico in September and October.
The females here referred to 4. @nea are much like those of A. translata and of
A. cuprea, but differ from both of these in having the external angle of the pterostigma
more acute (as is the case in A. wnea, 3), and from A. translata, 2, by segment 10
being pale on the dorsum. A. wnea, 9, also resembles A. oculata, ¢, but the meso-
stigmal lamine are differently shaped (cf. Tab. IV. figg. 10, 11).
20. Argia orichalcea.
Argia orichalcea, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 408 (1865)*; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7) il. p. 871 (1899) *.
Agrion cupreum, var., Hagen, Neur. N. Am. pp. 97, 312 (1863) *.
Hab. Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler *) —VENEZUELA },
I have not seen a specimen of this species.
ARGIA.. 87
21. Argia harknessi, (Tab. IV. figg. 21, 45, 457.)
Argia harknessi, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 378, t. 25. fig. 6 (apps. 3)
(1899) °.
¢. Rear of the head black. Pale antehumeral stripe one and a half times to twice as wide as the black mid-
dorsal. Humeral stripe at middle one-third as wide as the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 blue, each
side with a triangular, anteapical, black spot, or this prolonged into a stripe to base (Rio de las Balsas ¢ ),
and an inferior longitudinal black stripe ; 3-6 blue, each side with a short isolated basal streak (mention
of which was omitted from my original description), which may be absent from 3, and an anteriorly-
pointed, apical, black stripe uniting with its fellow of the opposite side on the mid-dorsal line in the apical
third to half; 7 black, except for a pale, transverse, basal ring; 8 and 9 blue, each side with an inferior
black stripe in apical three-fourths of 8 and for entire length of 9.
©. Differs from the male as follows :—Rear of the head pale. Segment 2 with a black stripe each side as
long as the segment; 3-6 as in the male, but with the apical black stripe on each side reaching
almost to base; 8 and 9 as in the male, but in addition each side has a superior black stripe for the
entire length of the segments.
3. Pterostigma of the front wings, -9 ¢,1:18mm. 2, surmounting one cell (71°5 °/, d and the one 2 ,
more than one cell (21°3 9/5 3), or less than one cell (7 °/, d); of the hind wings, 1 g,1:3 mm. 9 long,
surmounting one cell (71:5 °/, d), more than one cell (21°3 °/, ¢ and the one 9 ), or less than one cell
7 o Oo 3
Amtesodels the front wings 5 in all cases, on the hind wings 4 (86 °/, ¢ and the one 2) or 5 (14 9/, 3).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 32-34, 9 31; hind wing, ¢ 23°5-25, 9 26 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 5 3,19), Savana
Grande (H. H. Smith: 1 3), and Rio de las Balsas (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3) in
Guerrero.
Taken in July, October, and November.
92. Argia barretti, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 46, 46 s.)
3. Rear of the head black, a pale stripe along the eyes inferiorly. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe twice as
wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe of almost equal width throughout, not forked, one-fourth
as wide as the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 blue, each side with a superior black stripe triangularly
dilated at its hinder end, which does not reach the apex of the segment, and an elongate, inferior, isolated
black spot; 8-6 blue, each side with an inferior black stripe trom shortly after the base to the apex,
before which it is dilated (in the apical] fifth or sixth) and meets its fellow of the opposite side on the
dorsum ; 7 similar, but the black stripes wider and united on the dorsum on the apical half of the segment,
thus leaving only a transverse basal ring and a prolongation therefrom, pointed posteriorly, on the mid-
dorsal line, blue; 8-10 pale (blue), each side with an inferior black stripe as long as the segments.
Pterostigma of the front wings 1 mm. long, of the hind wings 1-25 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell
in all.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5, on the hind wings 4 or 5.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 34, hind wing 24 mm.
@ unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Linares in Nuevo Leon (0. W. Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3).
}
The colours of this species are much like those of A. chelata, but the appendages
are widely different. It approaches 2), or less than one cell (1°5°/, ¢); of the hind wings 1-1-2
long, surmounting more than one cell (95 9/, 3,90 °/, 2), one cell (2 °/, 3, 8'5°/, 2), or less than
one cell (3°/, 3,15 °/, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (83°/, 3, 90°/, 2), 5(11%, 5,3°3°/, 9), 4+ (4% 5, 2%o G),
B+ (15 %>5 3S), B(5%o 5, 4%o 2), Or 2(66°/, 5); om the hind wings 3 (845°/, d, 91 lo 2)s
A (12%) b47 Jo QB+ (15 %Jo FQ), Or 2 (2%o 5, 66%, @).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25~32, 2 26-29°5; hind wing, g¢ 19-23°5, 9 21:5-24 mm.
Hab. Unirep States, Lo Lo Hot Springs, Montana (MM. J. Elrod, colls. Elrod &
P. P.C.: 8 3,4 2, 8 pairs in copula), Yellowstone (C. C. Adams, coll. P. P.C.: 16),
Pagosa Springs, Colorado (C. F. Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 7 3), Reno (Morrison, 1878,
M. C. Z.) and Franktown, Nevada (Denton, coll. P. P.C.: 1 6), Shasta County
(A. W.8.: 1 ¢,1 2), San Francisco [1 ¢,1 ¢], Oakland[3 ¢, 2 2], Berkeley [1 ¢,
ARGIA, 95
1 9, in copulé| (coll. Adams), San Felipe Valley (coll. Elrod), San Bernardino
(Truman, coll. P. P.C.: 16,49), San Rafael, The Geysers, Sonoma County
(A. Osten Sacken, M. C. Z.), all in California (A. N.S: 7 3), Wild Cat, &c., Marion
Co., Arkansas (coll. Adams: 3 ¢,1 2), Round Mt., Texas (A. V. S., coll. P. P.C.:
16 ¢, 6 2); Lower Catirornis, Lower Purisima? (Haines, coil. P. P. C.: 3 3),
Comondu?, Sierra El Taste?, Sierra Laguna’, Mesa Verde 2, and Cape San Lucas !.—
Mexico, Monclova in Coahuila (Dr. Palmer, M.C.Z.: 3 3, 12), Diente near Monterey,
Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 7 3,4 2), Jalapa (Trujillo: 5 3), Xico (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
2 3) and Texolo (Rhoads: 12 6,7 2) in Vera Cruz, Cuernavaca (Barrett, colls,
Adams, P. P.C.: 13,4 2; coll. Deam: 13,9 2).
Found in Montana in June; in Texas in January, March, April, May, and November ;
in Cuernavaca in July and October.
In this species the pale antehumeral stripes are usually more than half as wide as
the black mid-dorsal. The smallest width stated above is found in individuals from
Texolo and Xico, which thus have a different appearance from that usnally possessed
by A. vivida. But since a gradual transition to this predominance of black exists, and
I have not been able to find any other constant differences, in the males at least, they
are here referred to A. vivida. As regards the females from ‘lexolo, some differences
in the mesostigmal lamine are discernible :—Three females have the laminz prominent,
angulate externally (see Tab. LV. fig. 1), as in the females from Montana and California
noted above as having been taken in copuld, blue predominating over black on the
thoracic dorsum ; black markings on segment 2 never of the form seen in A. extranea ¢ ;
the postbasal black streaks on 3-5 not connected with the apical black, except in one
individual. Four females have the lamine prominent, produced outward at their
external angle (Tab. IV. fig. 2), otherwise as in the three specimens of that sex
mentioned above. Similar lamine are possessed by the five females enumerated from
Jalapa, which, however, have the pale colours on the thoracic dorsum violet instead of
blue, this violet predominating over the black, and the postbasal streaks on segments
4 and 5 connected with the apical black.
The female “un peu douteuse,” which Selys described ! as that of A. vivida, is stated
to have the mesostigmal lamine “nulles, représentées par le bord de V’échancrure un
peu en créte,” and three antenodal cells. ‘These characters would suggest the female
of A. immunda, and I find also in Texan females of this latter species “le 9™
[abdominal segment] ayant de chaque cété une tache basale plus pale.” The
identification of the female of A. vivida which I have adopted in the present work
(and in my previous paper *) rests upon the pairs noted above as having been taken
in copuld.
96 NEUROPTERA.
Var. plana (Hagen, MS.), var.n. (Tab. IV. fig. 58.)
Hagen attached the name A. plana to specimens in the M.C. Z. from Arizona which closely resemble A. vivida,
except that the blue of the latter is replaced by violet, while the female has segments 8 and 9 blue with
a short inferior black stripe on the apical half of each side; the amount of pale colouring on the thoracic
dorsum is rather larger than usual in 4. vivida, as the antehumeral stripe is as wide as the black mid-
dorsal. These Arizonan “A. plana” are apparently not structurally different from A. vivida. he
Mexican material enumerated below contains individuals of violet colour, as in those from Arizona, leading
gradually to the specimens having the proportions of the appendages modified to those shown in fig. 58,
Tab. LV., which, as seen by comparing fig. 59, are much as in A. funebris. None of these “A. plana”
lack the postbasal black streaks on all of the segments 3-6 as A. funebris 3 does. Moreover, a cousider-
able number of Mexican males of .A. plana have an inferior black line or stripe on either side of segments
8 and 9, this stripe being as long as the segment on 9 in at least six individuals. Variations in the
extent of this black stripe on segment 9 occur in one and the same month and locality—Omilteme ; and
in both teneral and more fully-coloured individuals. ‘The presence of black on segments 8 and 9 of the
males is a feature not to be found in A. vivida, A. funebris, nor Hagen’s A. plana types, yet, as stated
above, the series connecting these extreme forms of A. plana with A. vivida is a continuous one. It
seems likely that a complete transition may hereafter be found between A. plana and A. funebris.
The following statistics of var. plana may be compared with those of A. vivida :—
Pterostigma of the front wings °85-1:18 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (80-5 °/, 3, 945°/, 9),
one cell (15:25°/, 3), or less than one cell (4:25°/, 3, 5°5°/, 2); of the hind wings, ‘9-118 ¢,
1-13 mm. ? long, surmounting more than one cell (80°5°/, 5, 82°3°/, 9), one cell (17°5°/, 3 9), or
less than one (2°/, 3).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4(85°/, 3, 66°6 °/, 2), 5 (65 °/p 5, 11% 2), 3 (4:25 9, 5,165 /, 2),
or 3+ (4:25°/, 3, 5°5°/, 2); on the hind wings 3 (96 °/, 5, 88°/, 9) or 4(4%/, 5,12, 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 29-33, 2 29-80°5; hind wing, ¢ 22-25, 9 25°5 mm.
Hab. Unirep States, Arizona (C. U. lot 35, M. C. Z.: 5 g,1 2), Tombstone (coll.
P. P.C., ¢« coll. J. G. Needham: 3°38, 2 2)—Mexico, Uruapam in Michoacan
(Rhoads: 1 3; coll. Deam: 1 ¢), Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith: 1 3,3 9;
Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Omilteme [10 ¢, 3 2] and Sierra de las Aguas Escon-
didas [1 ¢ | in Guerrero (H. I. Smith).
‘Ihe specimens before me were captured between the months of April and August.
Var. munda (Hagen, MS8.), var. n.
This name was attached by Hagen to the specimens in the M. C. Z. from Arizona, which do not differ from
A. vivida in the form of the appendages of the male, nor in that of the mesostigmal lamine of the female ;
but they have the pale colours on the thorax violaceous, instead of blue, the black mid-dorsal thoracic
stripe so reduced in width that the pale antehumeral is from two to three times wider, the black postbasal
streaks on segments 3-6 very small, and the antenodal cells more numerous, as shown below. However,
this variety cannot be regarded as sharply defined.
Pterostigma of the front wings *8 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (100°/, ¢ 2); of the hind
wings ‘9 mm. long, surmounting more than one cell (100 °/, 3, 75 °/, 2) or one cell (25 °/, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (75°/, 3, 87°5 %/o 2) or 4 (25 °/, 3, 12°5°/, 2); on the hind wings
4 (92% 3, 625%o 2), B (25 %/o Py B+ (4%o SF), 5 (125% Q), oF A+ (4% S).
- Hab. Uniren States, Arizona (C. U. lot 35, M.C.Z.: 73,4 2), and Groom
Creek, same State (coll. C. C. Adams: 1 3). — Mexico, Rio Verde (£. Palmer,
MM. C. Z.: 4 3 ).
ARGIA, 97
32. Argia funebris. (Tab. IV. fig. 59.)
Agrion funebre, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 92 (1861)'.
Argia funebris, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 8398 (1865) ?.
d. Rear of the head pale. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe equal in width to the black mid-dorsal. Humeral
stripe not forked, linear above, its lower half wider, one-fifth to one-sixth as wide as the pale antehumeral.
Segment 2 violet, with a triangular, anteapical, black spot on each side ; 3-6 violet, apical fifth to fourth
black ; 7 black, with a transverse, basal, pale ring; 8 and 9 blue, unspotted.
Pterostigma surmounting more than one cell (except on one front wing, on which it surmounts less than one cell).
Antenodal cells 4 on all wings.
Dimensions.— Abdomen 31°5, hind wing 25 mm.
Hab. Mexico (M. C. Z.: 1 3 from Deppe, type of Hagen).
Some remarks on the relationship of A. funedris are given under A. vivida, var.
plana, antea, p. 96.
33. Argia immunda, (Tab. IV. figg. 60, 60s.)
Agrion immundum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 98 (1861)?.
Argia immunda, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. p. 401 (1865) *.
? Argia vivida, Hagen, in Selys, J. c. ( 2 only) [see under A. vivida, antea, p. 95].
3. Rear of the head pale. Pale (violet or blue) antehumeral stripe from three-fourths to one and a half times
as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe forked in its upper half (except in a male, Diente),
one-third to equally as wide in its lower half as the pale antehumeral. Segment 2 violaceous or blue,
each side with a superior spot near base, a larger rounded spot near apex, and an oblique inferior streak,
black, the latter two or all three sometimes united; 3-6 violaceous or blue, each side with a postbasal
streak and the apical third black; the postbasal streaks of one side may unite on the dorsum with
their fellows of the opposite side, but not with the apical black, so that black may predominate and each
of these segments 3-6 have two pale and two black, transverse, alternating bands; 7 black, with a pale,
transverse, basal ring; 8 and 9 blue, each side with a black inferior stripe as long as the segments.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Humeral stripe hardly more than a line throughout ; segment 7 like 6,
but with the postbasal streak and the apical black usually united ; 8 and 9 pale, unspotted.
3 2. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘8-9 mm. long, surmounting one cell (48 °/o 3, 45°/, @), less than
one cell (46:3 °/, 5, 45°/, 2), or more than one cell (5°6 °/, 5, 10°/, 2); of the hind wings, ‘9 ¢,
1-118 mm. @ long, surmounting one cell (45°3 9/, ¢, 42°5 °/o 2), less than one cell (41°6°/, g,
42'5 °/, 2), or more than one cell (13 °/, 3, 15 °/, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (91:3 °/, 3, 95°/o 2), 4 (56% 3), or 34+ (3%, 5, 5%, 2); on the
hind wings 3 (97 °/, ¢, 100 °/, 2), 3+ (2%/, 3), or 4(1%y S).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25-27:5, 9 27-31; hind wing, g 18°5-21, 9 22-24 mm.
Hab. Unitep States, Waco (I. C. Z.), Round Mt. and San Antonio, Texas (A. W. S.
and colls. Needham & P. P. C.: 37 3,14 2).—Mexico, Diente [8 3, 1 9] and
Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 9 3, 5 2), Victoria (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.:1 3 )s
.and Tampico '?, Tamaulipas, Savana Grande [2 ¢ ], Venta de Zopilote [1 ¢ ], and Rio
Papagaio [1 ¢ ] in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).
Taken between March and September in Texas, and in October in Guerrero.
The female of A. immunda differs from that of A. apicalis, Say, in having the mid-
dorsal thoracic stripe one-fourth as wide as the thoracic dorsum, while in A. apicalis
it is a mere line; from A. vivida, 2, by the shorter pterostigma, three antenodal cells
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1902. 0
98 NEUROPTERA.
on the front wings, the humeral stripe hardly more than a line; from A. agrioides, 2 ,
and A. violacea, 2°, by this last-mentioned character and by segments 8 and 9 being
unspotted with black ; from A. mesta (and var. putrida), 2, by the wider mid-dorsal
thoracic stripe, segments 8 and 9 not spotted with black, three antenodal cells, and
shorter pterostigma.
The mesostigmal lamina of A. tmmunda, 2, is shaped like that of A. agrioides, 2
(Tab. IV. fig. 26), but is smaller.
34. Argia violacea.
Agrion violaceum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 90 (1861) '.
Argia violacea, Selys’, Calvert *, Kellicott*, &c.; Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. Indiana,
p. 262 (1900) ’.
Hab. Uvirep States, Lone Mt., New Mexico (7. D. A. Cockerell: 1 3), Maine to
Virginia, west to Michigan and Illinois, Texas.
Var. pallens, var.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 25, 61, 61 s.)
3. Rear of the head pale. Pale (reddish-violet) antehumeral stripe three to five times as wide as the black
mid-dorsal, Humeral stripe a mere line, occasionally absent. Segment 2 reddish-violet, each side with
a superior, narrow, black stripe, widened at its distal end, which does not reach the apex, or this stripe
reduced to an anteapical spot ; 3-7 reddish-violet, each side with a black spot in the apical fifth or fourth,
unconnected with its fellow of the opposite side, on 7 the apical black extends forward as a stripe almost
to base; 8 and 9 bluish-violet, each side with an inferior black stripe of variable length or even absent.
9. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale brown usually replacing the violet of the male. Mid-dorsal thoracic
avd humeral black stripes reduced to little more than lines. Segments 3-6 as in the male, but in
addition with a black postbasal streak each side, which on 5 and 6 is sometimes united with the apical
black; 8 and 9 each side with a superior black spot in the basal half, 8 sometimes with an inferior black
stripe each side in the apical two-thirds.
éo 2. Pterostigma of the front wings 1 mm. long, surmounting one cell (72°/, 3 2), more than one cell
(14°/, 6 2), or less than one (14°/, ¢ 2); of the hind wings, 1:18 g,1 mm. 2 long, surmounting
one cell (76 °/, 3, 86 °/, 2 ), more than one (10°75 9/, g, 14 °/o 2), or less than one (14°25 °lo 3).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (96:5 °/, 3, 72°/, 2), 3(21°%/, 2), 3+ (7 "lo 2), or 5 (55%, B)s on
the hind wings 3 (89°5 9/, 5, 93°/, 2),4(7%/o 3 Q), or 84 (35%, S).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27, 2 24; hind wing, ¢ 22, 9 21:5 mm.
Hab. Unirep States, Tucson, Arizona (coll. Adams: 3 3 ).—Mexico, Guadalajara.
(Schumann: 2 3,2 2), Puente de Ixtla, Morelos (coll. Deam: 1 ¢ ), Amula [1 3],
Chilpancingo [3 ¢,2 ¢], Tepetlapa [1 ¢ |, and Savana Grande [2 3 | in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith), Oaxaca [1 ¢,1 2] and Mitla [1 3,1 2] (coll. Deam).
Taken at Tucson in April, in the Mexican localities from June to October.
As the varietal name indicates, the chief difference from A. violacea, Hagen, is in the
smaller amount of black on the thorax and on the seventh abdominal segment.
35. Argia agrioides. (Tab. IV. figg. 26, 62, 62 s.)
Argia agrivides (Selys, MS.), Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 476, t. 15. fig. 14 (apps. ¢)
(1895) *.
ARGIA. 99
d. Rear of head pale (blue), Pale (blue) antchumeral stripe nearly equal in width to the black mid-dorsal.
Humeral stripe forked above, in its lower half one-half to one-third as wide as the pale antehumeral.
Segment 2 blue, each side with a basal streak and an apical spot black, the streak absent in some
specimens and united with the spot in others; 3-6 blue, apical fourth black; 7 black, a transverse
basal ring, and, in some, also a mid-dorsal, longitudinal, basal stripe, blue; 8 and 9 blue, unspotted
or with a black, usually apical, spot each side.
9. Differs from the male as follows:—Pale lilac often replacing blue of male. Pale antehumeral stripe
varying from equal to twice the width of the black mid-dorsal ; segments 3-6, in addition, with a black
postbasal streak each side, which may be united with the apical black on one or more of these segments ;
8 and 9 with a basal black stripe on each side of dorsum.
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘8--9 mm. long, surmounting less than one cell (64 °/, ¢, 35/5 2), one
cell (33 °/, 3, 63°/, 2), or more than one cell (3°/, 3, 2 °/, @); of the hind wings ‘9-1 mm. long, sur-
mounting less than one cell (50 °/, 3, 30 %/,@ ), one cell (47 °/, 3, 70 °/, 2), or more than one (3 lod).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (§2°/, ¢, 90°6°/, 2), 3 (15°, 3d, 63°, 2), 3+ (1%, 6,2 °/, 2),
5(1°/, 5 2), or 2 (1%, S)3 on the hind wings 3 (91:5 °/, 3, 91°6°/, 2), 4 (75%, 3b, 83 °lo 2), or
2(1% 3).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3$ 23-27, 9 23-25; hind wing, ¢ 17°5-20-5, 2 19-20:5 mm.
Hab. Unirep Srarss, Palo Alto (Kellogg), Ramona and San Felipe Valley (coll. Elrod),
San Bernardino (Zruman, coll. P. P.C.: 1 8) and Los Angeles, California (Davidson,
coll. P.P.C.: 18,22), Tucson, Arizona (coll. Adams: 7 3,5 2), Round Mt., Texas
(colls. Needham, P. P.C.: 33 3, 35 2); Lowzr Catirornia, Lower Purisima! (Haines,
coll. P,P. C.: 4 3,1 2), Comondu!, El Rosario!, Mesa Verde!, Sierra El Taste !,
Miraflores!, and San José del Cabo! (Hisen, coll. P. P.C.: 4 3, 6 2).—MeExico,
Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 1 3).
Taken in Texas from March to October.
My previous description of the appendages of A. agrioides, 3, is inaccurate: the
small acute tooth on the inner margin before the apex may represent the inner branch
of a typically bifid apex; on the basal side of this small tooth the inner margin shows
a well-marked convexity or lobe, not indicated in my figure (fig, 14, t. 15) of 1895.
Var, nahuana, var. n. (Tab. IV. fig. 62 ss.)
¢. Rear of the head pale. Pale (blue) antehumeral stripe from one-half to three-fifths as wide as the black
mid-dorsal. Humeral stripe forked above, at its middle from one-half to equally as wide as the pale
antehumeral. Segment 2 blue, each side with a black band, widened at its hinder end, which does not
reach the apex, or this band represented only by an anteapical black spot; 3-6 blue, apical third black,
which is prolonged along the ventral margin of each segment almost to base; 7 black, with a transverse
basal ring and a mid-dorsal stripe in the basal two-thirds blue, or in some specimens almost entirely
black ; 8 and 9 blue, each side with a broad black band from base to apex; in teneral males each of
these bands is divided into two longitudinal ones, which fuse with increasing age.
©. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale brown usually replacing the blue of the male. Pale antehumeral
stripe from three-fourths to equally as wide as the black mid-dorsal. Segments 3-6 similar to those of
the male, but with the apical black of the right and left sides of 3 and 4 not always meeting on the
dorsum ; on each side of 3-6, below the larger area of apical black, is a small separate black streak
representing the forward prolongation in the male, in addition to which on each side is a short, superior,
postbasal, black streak (not represented in the male), which is usually isolated, but in some specimens
"Gg united with the apical black; 8 and 9 each side with a superior black stripe as long as the segments
and‘an inferior, black, apical streak (sometimes absent on 9); these stripes on 8 and 9 are sometimes so
_ Wide-ads to occupy almost the entire area.
02
100 NEUROPTERA.
3 Q. Pterostigma of the front wings, *7 ¢,°8-9mm. @ long, surmounting less than one cell (91°/, ¢,
72:25 °/, 2), onecell (9 °/, 3, 26°/, 2), or more than one (1°75 9/, 9); of the hind wings -85--95 mm.
long, surmounting less than one cell (91°25 °/, 3, 75°/5 2), one cell (8°75 °/, 3, 23:25 9/, 2), or more
than one (1°75 °/, 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (73°6 °/, 3, 74:2°/, 2), 3 (15%, 5, 20°3°/, 2), or 34 (113%, o,
55 °/, 2); on the hind wings 3 (96-25°/, 3, 93°/> 2), 4(25%Jo ds 7%Jo Y), or 2+ (125%, 3).
Dimensions—Abdomen, 3 21°5-23, 2 20°5-22; hind wing, ¢ 17-19°5, 9 18-20°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 3, 1 2), Aguas Calientes (coll.
Deam: 1 ¢), Guadalajara (Schumann: 2 2 ), Tlalpam (Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P. C.:
73,4 2), and Mexico city (Barrett, colls. McLachlan, Adams, P. P. C.: 832 3,219).
Collected at Mexico city and Tlalpam in July and September, at Aguas Calientes
in December. .
There does not seem to be a constant dissimilarity in the male appendages of
var. nahuana and of A. agrioides type. The colour-differences are given in the’ key.
The varietal name is modified from the Nahua, or Nahuatlan, family of tribes, the
members of which inhabited much the same region as does this variety.
“ Division II. *
The black biserial hairs, spines, or bristles on the legs short (each one usually equal
- to or shorter than the interval separating it from its next neighbour). Tarsal claws
each with an inferior tooth.
The forms which comprise this present division were mostly included in the “ grané
. genre Agrion” of de Selys (1876). ‘The various “ sous-genres” into which he divided
it he arranged in two series, characterized solely by the presence or the absence of an
apical ventral spine on the eighth abdominal segment of the female. Even if it be
true that this structure is a sure guide to affinities, such a character is very unsatis-.
factory, from the practical point of view, as a means of identification. Considerable
evidence, too, may be brought against the view that the presence or absence of this
spine is of such great importance f.
The key given below is based on extensive series of statistics gathered in the hope
of finding characters common to both sexes. Broadly speaking, the genera are arranged
in an order representing a reduction from a more numerously- to a less numerously-
veined condition, just as the other legions of Agrionine are arranged in this work.
The statistics show that it is futile to expect any character in this group to be so
constant as to afford a sure and unvarying generic diagnosis. Each genus must, in
consequence, be considered as characterized by the combination of a number of features
any one of which may be absent in one or other member of that genus.
* For Division I. see p. 65.
t See Ent. News, ix. p. 72 (1898), and data given under Ischnura demorsa, I. denticollis, and Leptobasis
vacillans, infria. As de Selys himself pointed out, Enallagma and Agrion differ only in the presence or absence
of the spine, yet his system rather emphasizes this slight difference than their apparently close relationship.
ee
AGRION.
101
Key to Genera known (or likely) to occur in Mexico and Central America.
§ 1. Arculus at the second antecubital or but slightly beyond (i. e. by less than
the length of the upper limb of the arculus itself).
1. Nodal sector on the hind wings arising at or near to the fourth postcubital
or more remote (except in Enallagma basidens, which is like 2).
A. Costal side of the pterostigma on the hind wings (and often also on the
front wings) usually shorter than the proximal or distal sides*.
Superior and inferior sectors of the triangle on the front wings
reaching to the levels of the origin of the ultra-nodal and nodal sectors
respectively or beyond.
B. Venation of the front and hind wings in the male similar; female
with a ventral apical spme on segment8 . .. .
BB. Venation of the tips of the front and hind wings of the male
dissimilar ; female with no ventral apical spine on segment 8
AA. Costal side of the pterostigma on all the wings usually longer than the
proximal or distal sides. Venation and pterostigmata of front and
hind wings similar in both sexes.
C. Inferior sector of the triangle arising at least as far in front of the
submedian cross-vein as the latter is long +. Pale postocular spots
on a dark ground present. Abdomen chiefly black, or blue and
black. Females with an apical ventral spine on segment 8. Males
with the hind margin of segment 10 more or less emarginate, but
not usually elevated into a distinct tubercle or process .
CC. Inferior sector of the triangle arising at or slightly beyond the
submedian cross-vein. Pale postocular spots as above. Colours
black with blue or green. Females spined as above. Males with
the hind margin of segment 10 more or less elevated into a process
or plate which is excised or bifid at tip . . . . wee
CCC. Inferior sector of the triangle arising at the submedian cross-vein
or at a less distance in front than the latter is long. No pale post-
ocular spots on a dark ground. Abdomen of the males chiefly red,
of the females red or dark metallic-green, -brown, or -black.
Females not spined as above, their genital valves not reaching
beyond the terminal abdominal appendages. Superior appendages
of the males not as stated below for the next genus . Le
CCCC. Inferior sector of the triangle as above stated for Telebasis. No
pale postocular spots on a dark ground, or, if present, confluent with
HESPERAGRION.
ANISAGRION.
ENALLAGMA.
ACANTHAGRION.
TELEBASIS.
* Except in Ansagrion truncatipenne, the proximal and distal sides of whose pterostigma on the hind
wings are almost at right angles to the costa, instead of forming oblique angles therewith, as in most
Agrionine.
+ Exceptions occur in possibly the majority of individuals of Enallagma antennatum, Say (fischeri, Kclicott),
and E. «divagans, Selys, of the United States, in which this sector is as above stated for Telebasis.
102
NEUROPTERA.
pale colouring of rear of head. Abdomen chiefly yellowish or
reddish. Females with the genital valves reaching farther beyond
the terminal abdominal appendages than the latter are long.
Superior appendages of the males elbowed and bent down almost at
aright angle in their apical half . . . . . Loe
CCCCC. Inferior sector of the triangle arising at least as far in : front of
the submedian cross-vein as the latter is long. No pale postocular
spots on a dark ground. Abdomen chiefly red. Females spined as
above, their genital valves barely reaching beyond the terminal
abdominal appendages. Superior appendages of the. males not as
in the preceding genus . . ...... oe
2. Nodal sector on the hind wings arising at or near to the third postcubital
segment8 ... . . . . .
DD. Abdomen chiefly of some other colour than red. Pterostigmata of
front and hind wings of the males dissimilar in colour, size, or both.
Tenth segment of the abdomen of the males with a bifid dorsal
process f.
or still nearer to the base *.
D. Abdomen chiefly red. Pterostigmata of front and hind wings similar
in both sexes, and with the costal side longer than the proximal, the
anterior distal angle being very acute. Tenth segment of the abdo-
men of the males with no bifid dorsal process. Females spined on
. [AmpHiacrionf. |
E, Pterostigma of front wings of the males touching the costa. Females
with an external black stripe or line (sometimes interrupted) on the
second and third tibie$} . . . . . 4. soe.
EE. Pterostigma of front wings of the males not ; touching the costa.
Females with no external black stripe on the second and third
femora . . ‘ oe ew
$ II. Arculus at least as far beyond the second antecubital as the upper limb of
the arculus is long.
Pterostigma and inferior sector of the triangle as above stated for Enallagma.
Nodal sector, and tenth segment of the abdomen of the males, as above
for Ischnura. Superior sector of the triangle on all the wings ending in
front of the level of origin of the ultra-nodal sector . . .....
LEProBasis.
[AmpHracRion. |
IscHNURA.
ANOMALAGRION.
CERATURA.
* Exceptions are Ischnura erratica and I. cervula of the Western United States and J. inarmata, Calvert,
of Kashmir.
Enallagma basidens also falls here, but in all other respects is an Enallagma; the male does
not agree with the subdivisions of 2 given above, but the female might be supposed to be an Anomalagrion,
from which it differs in having the costal side of the pterostigma on the front wings much longer than
the proximal side (the two are subequal in Anomalagrion females) and the greater part of segments 9-10
blue.
+t Amphiagrion occupies an intermediate position between sections 1 and 2 of this Key, as twenty-six
individuals give nearly 50 per cent. for each section.
t Not bifid in Ischnura kellicotti, Williamson, of the Eastern United States,
§ Absent in orange females of I. kellicott.
HESPERAGRION. 103
HESPERAGRION, gen. nov.
The characteristics of this genus are indicated in the preceding key. Its type
species, Agrion heterodoxum, Selys, was referred by that author to Amphiagrion, Selys,
whose type is A. saucium, Burm. In addition to the differences between the imagines
of Hesperagrion and Amphiagrion given in the key, the nymphs also differ. Prof.
Needham, who has examined them, writes me of that of A. heterodoxum :—* Surely its
nymph has nothing to do with Amphiagrion, nor with Pyrrhosoma either... . it seems
to me, from the study of the nymphs alone, to be as near Jschnura as any of our
genera.... I think [it] will have to go in a new genus.” (Letter of January 7th,
1902.)
1. Hesperagrion heterodoxum. (Tab. V. figg. 11,12; Tab. VI. figg. 1-6.)
Agrion heterodoxum, Selys, Compt. Rend. Soe. Belg. xi. p. Ixix (1868) *.
Amphiagrion heterodoxum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 288 (1876) *.
Agrion heterodoxum, var. flavescens, Selys, loc. cit. p. xx (1868) *.
Amphiagrion flavescens, Selys, loc. cit. p. 289 (1876) *.
The following colour variations, most of which have not been noted in the published descriptions, exist :—
3. (a) Black on the vertex confined to a few lines in the grooves; region of the postocular spots and the
occiput bright red, which is confluent with the yellowish coloration of the rear of the head. Thorax
pale brown, with an indistinct darker mid-dorsal stripe. Abdominal segments 1-3, 8-10, and base
of 4 bright red, unspotted; most of 4-6 dark metallic green, their sides and a narrow basal ring on
5 and 6 yellow. Evidently teneral.—Cuernavaca, Durango.
(b) Like the above, except that the vertex is black, the bright red postocular spots are bounded posteriorly by
black or dark brown, the mid-dorsal thoracic stripe is black, there is a black humeral line, and the thorax
generally has acquired a pale blue or green tint. Undoubtedly older individuals than (a), but without
pruinosity.— Arizona, Cuernavaca.
(c) Vertex black; large bright red postocular spots bounded posteriorly by black. Thorax light blue, black
mid-dorsal and humeral stripes, the latter narrower, leaving between them a blue antehumeral stripe
nearly half as wide as the black mid-dorsal, but somewhat narrowed at mid-length. Dorsum of
segments 1-6 black, a basal ring and the sides pale blue or green; 8-10 bright red, with some obscure
lateral marks. Not pruinose.—Arizona, Cuernavaca.
(d) Like ¢, except that each blue antehumeral stripe is broken into two cuneiform spots representing the upper
and lower ends of the stripe, due to the fusion of the black mid-dorsal and humeral stripes at mid-height.
Not pruinose.—Arizona, Durango, San Luis.
(¢) Pruinose; dorsal surfaces of head, thorax, and abdomen dark and obscure ; minute red traces of the post-
ocular spots distinct in some specimens, entirely absent in others; thorax apparently formerly coloured
as inc; a faint reddish tinge sometimes observable near the apex of the abdomen. Type of Selys’s
A, heterodoxum.—Cuernavaca.
The colour of the seventh abdominal segment appears to vary independently of the colours of the rest of the
body, since individuals of any one of the variants a—-e may have 7 almost entirely black, or blue with the
apical fourth black, or from the apical black a black stripe of varying width may extend towards the base.
Q. (f) Body generally brownish-yellow, becoming more obscure on segments 5-7, many of the inter-
segmental abdominal articulations darker. More or less teneral in appearance. Type of A. flavescens,
Selys.—Arizona, Cuernavaca.
(g) Pale green, some dark lines in the grooves on vertex, the large pale postocular spots bounded posteriorly
by dark brown or black; a black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe and a humeral line, leaving between them a
pale green antehumeral stripe half as wide as the black mid-dorsal ; dorsum of 1-2, 8-10 black, 3-6 with
a black hastate dorsal spot extending from apex almost to base.—Cuernavaca.
104 | NEUROPTERA.
(h) Similar to g, but colours more obscure, the vertex dark shining brown, no pale postocular spots. Not
pruinose. Type of A. heterodoxum, Selys.—Cuernavaca.
(7) Similar to g, head as in A, no pale postocular spots, pale antebumeral stripe as in male d.— Arizona.
Females of the variations g to 2 show the same variations in segment 7 as above mentioned for the males.
These colour variations are independent of size or peculiarities of venation ; structurally all agree.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 23°5-28, 9 24-25; hind wing, ¢ 16-20, 2 18-20 mm.
One individual from Cuernavaca appears to furnish the transition from 6 to c, as the dorsum of segments 2
and 3 is dark red merely margined with an obscure blackish line on either side. An Arizonan male
connects c and d, as it has the antehumeral stripe on the left, the two antehumeral spots on the right.
I have no doubt but that all these variations are due to differences in age, although I have not seen
individuals connecting f with g.
Hab. Unirep States, Tombstone (F. C. Willard, colls. Needham, P. P.C.: 33,22)
in Arizona (0. U. lot 35*, M.C.Z.: 18,12; Morrison, coll. P. P. C., ex coll.
Selys: 2 3, 1 @).—Mexico?4, Durango (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 4 3), San Luis
(Palmer, M. C. Z.: 1 3), Uruapam (Deam: 2 5,1 2), Cuernavaca (Barrett, colls.
Adams, McLachlan, P. P. C.: 11 ¢,19 9; H. H. Smith: 1 6, 4 2), Oaxaca
(Deam: 1 2), Vera Cruz (Sallé} 2).
In Arizona in March; in the Mexican localities from June to October.
In addition to the intrinsic interest of the colour variations, due, as I believe, to age,
the development and subsequent disappearance of the pale (red) postocular spots in
the ontogeny of this species constitute a valuable commentary on the importance of
these spots as a generic character.
ANISAGRION.
Anisagrion, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 952 (1876) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 154 (1890).
The known species, which are confined to the Central-American fauna, may be
distinguished as follows :—
A. Inferior sector of the triangle usually ¢ arising at the submedian cross-vein.
Males.
B. Apices of front and hind wings similarly shaped. Hind wings with the
median vein curving away from the costa toward the principal sector at the
pterostigma, so that the area between the costa and the median vein beyond
the pterostigma is at least three times as wide as the area between the
* Jt has been stated in the footnote to p. 66, anted, that “C. U. lot 835” was collected by Morrison. The
following information has come to my notice since that footnote was penned. Mr. E. A. Schwarz, at the
meeting of the Washington Entomological Society held October 14th, 1897, said of Morrison’s Arizonan
insects :— Morrison’s sets, when sent abroad, were usually labelled ‘ Sonora,’ and have thus been included in
the ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana.’ When sent to American workers, however, they are labelled ‘ Arizona.’
They were probably all made, however, in the Graham Mountains, near Fort Grant, and above Fort Huachuca ”
(Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. iv. p. 209). The three specimens above cited from de Selys’s collection are labelled
‘“‘ Arizona, Mor.,”’ in de Selys’s handwriting on his characteristic green paper.
+ Is is the Caias Gordas female which makes the exception.
ANISAGRION. 105
median vein and the principal sector; no densely reticulated area as in™
A. lais. Hind margin of tenth abdominal segment with a bifid dorsal
process. Inferior appendages simple, slender, curved toward each other,
longer than the superior appendages . . . . allopterum.
BB. Apices of front and hind wings dissimilarly shaped, that of the hind - wings
being truncated at the pterostigma so as to be markedly more obtuse than
that of the front wings. Hind wings with the median vein not markedly
curved, nor with more than a single row of small cells at the tip. (Apex
of abdomen lost.) 2. . . 6. 2 6 ee ee ee ee ew ww ) Eruncatipenne.
Females.
Distal side of the pterostigma convex, meeting the costa almost at right
angles, the anterior distal angle of the pterostigma being thereby less
acute than the posterior proximal angle . . . . . . . . . + « « allopterum.
AA. Inferior sector of the triangle arising as far in front of the submedian cross-
vein as the latter is long. Apices of front and hind wings similarly shaped.
Males.
Hind wings with the median vein not markedly curved, but the tip beyond the
pterostigma with a small densely reticulated area chiefly between the
median vein and the ultra-nodal sector. Hind margin of segment 10 with
no dorsal process. Inferior appendages widely bifid, the upper branch the
longer, but shorter than the superior appendages . . . . . . . + ~ Jais.
Females.
Distal side of the pterostigma straight, meeting the costa at an acute angle,
the anterior distal angle of the pterostigma being equal to or more acute
than the posterior proximal angle. 2. 2. 1. 2. 1. ew we ee ee Lata,
1. Anisagrion allopterum. (Tab. V. figg. 14, 18.)
Anisagrion allopterum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 953 (1876) ’.
¢. The superior appendages have their extremities of the form of almost circular sockets, the acute down-
wardly-directed apex shown in our figure being placed on the inner, or mesial, side of the socket.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27-28, 9 24-27; hind wing, d 16-19, 9 17-19 mm.
Hab. Mexico, “ Putla (Mexique Pacifique)”1; GuatemaLa (Rodriguez!; Candéze,
coll. McLachlan with label “ Anisagrion allopterum, Selys,” in Selys’s handwriting: 1 ¢ ;
M. C. Z.: 1 %); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 1 ¢ ). _
Var. ? rubicundum.
Race ? Anisagrion rubicundum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 954 (1876) *
Hab. Mexico, Putla (“ céte pacifique” 2); GuateMaLa, Duefias (Salvin, coll. McLachlan,
with label “ Anisagrion allopterum, S., race ?rubicundum, Selys,” in Selys’s hand-
writing: 1 ¢); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 2 3g), Cafias Gordas 1200 metres (coll.
Adams: 1°).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1902. p
106 NEUROPTERA.
The “race” or “variety,” which agrees structurally with A. allopterum, differs in
having all or the greater part of the abdomen yellowish-red, while in A. allopterum,
type, the abdomen is blackish. I suspect that this difference may really be due to age,
but the proof is lacking.
2. Anisagrion truncatipenne, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 17.)
g. Pale brown, with the following exceptions: lips, gene, and a very faintly indicated antehumeral stripe
pale green or blue; large postocular spots of the same colour not bounded with any dark colour
posteriorly ; two transversé stripes on the top of the head from eye to eye, one in front of the base of the
antennez, the other across the ocelli, intersegmental abdominal articulations, apical eighth of segments 4
and 5, apical half (?) of 6, an external (or superior) stripe on the tibie, and much of the tarsi, dark
brown or black ; a pale basal ring on segments 4-6 (7-10 lost). .
Pterostigma on the front wings brown, costal and posterior sides subequal and longer than the other two,
which form oblique angles with the costa; that on the hind wings similar, but the proximal and distal
sides are at right angles with the costa. From the pterostigma outward the hind wing is truncated on its
costal margin so as to be quite obtuse. The small cells at the extreme tip between the costa and the
median vein are filled up solidly so as to resemble a so-called “‘ false” pterostigma. Between the median
vein and the principal sector, from the vein descending from the inner end of the pterostigma (brace vein)
is a long cell, almost pointed at its distal end, four times longer than the pterostigma surmounting it. On
the front wings the cell below the pterostigma is but slightly longer than it.
Dimensions.— Abdominal segments 1-6, 20; hind wing 16 mm.
Hab. Guatema.a, El Reposo, Pacific coast-region (Champion: 1 3).
This individual is not fully mature ; its appendages being lost, I would not think of
describing it were it not for the peculiar structure of its hind wings. Some other
details are given in the preceding key.
3. Anisagrion lais. (Tab. V. figg. 15, 19.)
Nehalennia lais (Brauer, MS.), Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 990 (1876) *.
$. The youngest individuals are pale reddish- or yellowish-brown throughout, with darker brown at the inter-
segmental abdominal articulations, at the apices of 5 and 6, and on the greater part of the dorsum of 7
and 8, where it has a bronzy reflection. As age increases, the darker brown becomes more intense and
spreads over the entire dorsal surface of the abdomen backward and forward from 7 and 8, except for a
narrow, transverse, basal, medially interrupted, yellow ring on 3-7. The darkening of the thorax does
not seem to bear a fixed ratio to the darkening of the abdomen, but when the fifth segment is dark brown
dorsally there is a dark brown stripe on each side of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina (which remains yellow
in the oldest individuals I have seen), and a dark brown inferior posthumeral stripe ; subsequently each
paramedian stripe broadens, the posthumeral extends upward to the base of the wings (where it later
fuses with the upper end of the paramedian), and a black stripe appears on the upper half of each
metepisternum ; a pale, narrow, greenish-yellow, humeral stripe persists even in the oldest individuals I
have seen. On the head the first dark colour to appear is a transverse blackish stripe from eye to eye
across the ocelli; later this is united with black, which covers the vertex -as far forward as the base of
the antenne (but leaving a pale green spot on the eye-margin behind each antenna). The pale post-
ocular spots, which remain distinct in the oldest individuals, connected or unconnected with each other,
- are early delimited posteriorly with blackish, and the nasus becomes black. The oldest individuals have
segments 8 and 9 markedly pruinose, although this may appear on individuals having the thorax and first
three abdominal segments still prodominantly pale in colour.
2. Passes through colour-changes similar to those described for the male; the pruinosity on the older
individuals is more generally distributed.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3 26-33°5, 9 26°5-30°5; hind wing, g 175-22, 9 18°5-21:5 mm.
ANISAGRION.—ENALLAGMA. 107
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (M. Trujillo: 1 3, 1 2), Texolo (Rhoads: 2 3), Huatusco
(coll. Adams: 1 ¢,1 9), Atoyac (H. H. Smith: 1 3), Orizaba (F. D. Godman and
H. H. Smith: 3 3 ), Cuernavaca ( Vienna Museum 1, Barrett, colls. Adams and P. P.C.:
43,8 9; HA. Smith: 9 3,2 2), Omilteme [1 ¢, 3 2], Xucumanatlan [1 ¢,
2 9], and Tepetlapa [1 ¢, 2 9] (A. WH. Smith); Guatemaia (M. C0. Z.: 146,12).
Taken in different localities from March to December. The extreme dimensions
given for the males are taken from two individuals captured at Cuernavaca in June,
and almost the extremes for the females are found in the two from Xucumanatlan
captured in July. A male from Cuernavaca has at least 100 mites (Acarina) on the
metasternum behind the third legs, totally concealing it. |
De Selys’s brief description! does not give the colour-differences due to age. I feel
quite confident that this species is not congeneric with the European Wehalennia
speciosa.
ENALLAGMA.
Enallagma, Charpentier, Lib. Eur. p. 21 (1840) ; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 496 (187 6);
Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 145 (1890).
A genus of very wide distribution, but not known from the southern part of South
America or in Australia.
Key to the Species known (or likely) to occur in Mexico and Central America.
§ I. Nodal sector arising near the fifth postcubital, or more remote, on the
front wings, near the fourth, or more remote, on the hind wings, which
latter have seven to ten postcubitals.
Males.
1. Superior appendages shorter than the inferiors, and with no ventral
process in their basal half ; abdominal segments 4 and 5 chiefly blue.
A. Superior appendages at tip with a slender inferior prolongation which
is curved slightly upward and inward. . - - + + + ; . [1. cyathigerum.]
AA. Superior appendages slightly notched at tip, the lower division
slightly longer . . . - - + es | [2. calverti.]
2, Superior appendages longer than the inferiors.
B. Third abdominal segment pale, with black markings confined to the
apical third or less (except in some specimens of E. prevarum, in
which they occupy the apical four-fifths).
C. Black markings on abd. seg. 2 not U-shaped, pale colour on 3
blue.
D. Hind margin of prothorax convex throughout ; superior
appendages bifid at tip, upper branch longer, a pale tubercle
between it and the lower branch; abd. seg. 4 and 5 pre-
dominantly blue. 2... 2 ee ee toe tot es 3. civile.
p2
108. NEUROPTERA.
DD. Hind margin of prothorax convex medially, slightly concave or
truncated on each side; superior appendages with a distinct
ventrally directed process or lamina in their basal half.
E. This process directed backward as well as ventralward and
rounded at the tip; inferior appendages from two-thirds to
nearly as long as the superiors; abd. seg. 5 predominantly |
black. 2. 0. 6 ee ee ee ee ew ee A prevarum.
EE. This process not directed backward, broadly truncated at the
tip, and usually partly concealed by the tenth segment; -
inferior appendages one-fifth (or less) as long as the superiors. 5. semicirculare.
CC. Black markings on abd. seg. 2 U-shaped, pale colour on 3 violet ;
superior appendages widely bifid in profile view, upper branch
longer. 2 ww ee ee eee ee ee ee we 6, CCUM.
BB. Third abdominal segment blue with a lanceolate black spot on the
basal half and a broader black band on the apical fourth; superior
appendages with a triangular ventral process in their basal half. . [7. eiseni.]
Females.
1. Hind margin of the prothorax convex throughout.
A. Black on dorsum of abd. seg. 1 not reaching the apex.
B. Abd. seg. 8 entirely blue, or with black on dorsum narrower
anteriorly than posteriorly ; 9 black on dorsum . . . [l. cyathigerum], [2. calverti
(apparently not distinguishable). |
BB. Abd. seg. 8 blue, apical fourth and the sides inferiorly black and
confluent ; 9 black with a pair of apical blue spots . . . . . 6. c@cum,
AA. Black on dorsum of abd. seg. 1 reaching to the apex of the segment ;
dorsum of 8 and 9 black, of approximately equal width throughout . 3. civile.
2. Hind margin of the prothorax convex medially, slightly concave or
truncated on each side; black on dorsum of abd. seg. 1 not usually
reaching to the apex, dorsum of 8 and 9 black, which is narrower
anteriorly on 8 and posteriorly on 9. . . . . «© 2 « + + « « 4 prevarum.
§ II. Nodal sector arising near the fourth postcubital (or even nearer to the
base) on the front wings, nearest the third on the hind wings, which
latter have 5 or 6 postcubitals. 2. 2 2. 1. 1 we we ee ee) [8 basidens.]
The females of E. semicirculare and E. eisent are unknown. The identification
of females of Enallagma is notoriously difficult. The characters given above under 4 I.
for their separation are based on individuals taken in coitu, but some intermediate
females also exist which I cannot identify.
[1. Knallagma cyathigerum.
Agrion cyathigerum, Charpentier, Lib, Eur. p. 163, t. 42. fig. 1 (entire insects, ¢ ?) (1840) ’° ;
Selys, Rev. Odon. Eur. p. 205, t. 10. fig. 2 (apps. ¢) (1850) *; Tiimpel, Geradfl. Mitteleur.
p. 59, t. 2 (entire insects, § 9) (1900) *.
ENALLAGMA, 109
Enallagma cyathigerum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 503 (1876) *; Lucas, Brit. Dragonfl.
p- 297, t. 27 (entire insects, ¢ 2) (1900) °; Williamson, Ent. News, xiii. p. 144 (1902) °.
_ Agrion annexum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 87 (1861)’.
Enallagma cyathigerum, race ? annexum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 506 (1876) °,
Enallagma annexum, Williamson, Ent. News, xi. p. 454, text-fig. a, t. 9. figg. 3, 7 (apps. 3)
(1900) °.
Hab. Norta America, Magdalen Islands in Gulf of St. Lawrence ®, Hermit Lake ®
and Franconia (Mrs. A. T. Slosson, coll, P. P. C.: 1 3), White Mts., New Hampshire ;
Massachusetts 8; Keeseville (Sheraton: 1 3) and Ithaca, New York (Calvert, 1895) ;
Sitka7’, Alaska; Saskatchewan ®; Red River®; North Dakota (R. Osburn, in litt.) ;
Spring Lake, S. Dakota [P. C. Truman: 1 3], Sandstone Creek, Montana [C. A.
Wiley: 1 ¢,1 2], Wyoming ® [2 ¢ | (coll. P. P. C.); Victoria (R. Osburn, in litt.)
and Vancouver 8, British ,Columbia ; Olympia [7. Kineaid: 1 3 ] and Seattle [0O. B.
Johnson: 1 ¢], Washington; Park City, Utah [A. J. Snyder: 6 3] (coll. P. P. C.);
San Gerénimo (Cockerell) and Zuni (Henshaw, M.C. Z.: 3 3), New Mexico; Pasadena,
California °—NorTHERN AND CENTRAL EvRoPpE*+.—NortHery Asia to Turkestan (Selys,
1872, 1889).
This species will probably be found in elevated regions in Mexico, and it is therefore
included here.
The only differences which have been stated ® to exist between HL. annexum and the
Old World £. cyathigerum, viz., the postocular spots posteriorly denticulated and
the wider blue antehumeral bands of the former, are completely bridged over by such
a series as the present from Park City, Utah, especially where, as in one of these
males, one postocular spot is denticulated while the other is not. I have compared
the above-quoted American examples with fifteen males from England and Germany,
and as I can find no constant differences between them, I see no reason for not
considering E. annexum a synonym of the older name. |
(2. Enallagma calverti.
Enallagma calverti, Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 208 (1895)*; Williamson, Ent. News, xi. p. 455,
text-fig. b, t. 9. figg. 5, 9, 10 (apps. g) (1900); Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1900, p. 173
(1901)*; Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 218 (1901) *; Harvey, Ent. News, xii. p. 197
(1901) *.
Hab. Unirep States, Maine® [1 ¢ ], Massachusetts![2 3]; Indiana?; North Dakota
(R. Osburn, in litt.); Missoula, Montana [Klrod: 1 ¢ |]; Wyoming? [3 ¢ ]; Alaska +;
Olympia (7. Kincaid: 23,19, pair in cop.), Washington; Nevada!; Denver
(E. V. Beales, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3), Palmer Lake (H. Skinner, coll. A. N.S.: 7 3)
Colorado; Red Butte Cafion, Salt Lake City, Utah (H. Skinner, coll. A. N. S.: 1 2
1 @); East slopes Culebra range (Lieut. Carpenter, M. C. Z.: 4 6, footnote p. 111
applies to these also), Las Vegas (A. Garlick), Beulah, 10,000 feet (4. Skinner, coll.
110 NEUROPTERA.
A.N.S.: 6 g), Top Range 11,000 feet [1 3], and San Gerénimo (Cockerell, P. P. C.
det.), Zuni (Henshaw : 2 3 ), Merino valley (Palmer: 43) (M. C. Z.), all in New Mexico.
Like the preceding, this species will doubtless be found in elevated localities in
Mexico.
As in E. cyathigerum, there is individual variation in the shape of the pale postocular
spots, their posterior edge being either entire, crenate, or denticulate, and of the
black spot on segment 2.
A number of females from the same localities as the males of E. cyathigerum
and E. calverti are before me, but I am unable to identify them more exactly ;
Mr. Williamson has had the same difficulty ?.]
8. Enallagma civile.
Agrion civile, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 88 (1861) °.
Enallagma civile, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 514 (1876)*; Kolbe, Arch. f. Naturg. liv.
1, p. 170 (1888) *; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 236, t. 3. fig. 31 (apps. ¢) (1893) * ;
Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 37, fig. 15 (apps. ¢) (1899) °; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana,
p- 270, t. 1 (front wing), t. 5. figg. 5, 6 (apps. 3) (1900) °.
Agrion canadense, Provancher, Nat. Canad. viii. p. 325 (1876) 7; x. p. 127 (1878) °.
The majority of the Mexican individuals and all of those from Arizona have the venation pale brown, both in,
teneral and pruinose conditions. Yet a few Mexican males, from the same localities, have the venation
dark, irrespective of whether they are pruinose or not.
Hab. NortH AMERICA, Quebec’ to Virginia, west to Wyoming (Williamson) and
Missouri !~® ; Manitou Park, Colorado (teste Banks, 1894); Zuni (Henshaw, M. C. Z.:
2 3), Bernalillo [1 ¢ | and Las Cruces [1 @ ] (Cockerell, coll. P. P. C.), New Mexico ;
Tucson (coll. Adams), Arizona (M. C. Z., C. U. lot 35: 9 3,7 2, see footnote, p. 104),
California? ; Pecos River 12, Waco, Uvalde (Dr. Palmer), and Carrizo Springs (Schaupp :
29) in Texas (Ul. C. Z., A. NV. S.).—Mexico, San José de Guaymas (L. 0. Howard,
U. S. N. M.: 13), Matamoros!?, Monterey (Rhoads: 1 36, 12; Barrett, coll.
P. P.C.: 1), Linares (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 3 3), San Luis (Palmer, M. C. Z.:
1 3), Santiago Iscuintla, Jalisco (Schumann: 1 2), Uruapam (Rhoads: 1 ¢ ), Mexico.
city [1 ¢, 4 2], Tacubaya [1 ¢] (Barrett, coll. Adams), Puebla (Richardson: 1 2),
Iguala (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 3 3), Oaxaca?, Putla?; Guaremana, near the city,
5000 feet (Salvin, coll. McLachlan: 2 3, with label “ Enallagma civile, Hag.,” in
de Selys’s handwriting).—CotomB1a, Bogota? (Lindig, 1863, MW. C. Z.: 1 ¢).—West
Inprgs, Cuba 2, Hayti (W. Cabot, M.C. Z.: 1 3), Puerto Rico (Krug).
The Mexican individuals are labelled as having been captured between April and
September.
De Selys remarks? :—“ Les exemplaires ¢ de Putla (Mexique du Pacifique) sont
remarquables par leur taille extrémement petite et le ptérostigma plus noir; ceux des
Etats-Unis un peu plus grands, ont le ptérostigma noiratre, mieux cerclé de blanchatre.
ENALLAGMA. 111
Je n’ai pas vu la femelle. Je donne & cette variété ou race le nom de plebeium” *.
The smallest dimensions given? for the male of /. civile are abdomen 22, hind wing
15 mm. The Mexican material which I have examined is of larger size. The
individuals from Arizona, however, vary considerably in their dimensions: abdomen,
3 21:5-26°5, 2 22:5-26°5; hind wing, ¢ 16-19, 9 17-20°5 mm.; and all the males
have the pterostigma “ cerclé de blanchatre.” It is not clear whether de Selys meant
to restrict the name plebeium to the Putla individuals or to include “ ceux des Etats-
Unis,” but in either case the facts here presented make the distinctness of such a race
or variety very doubtful.
Prof. Kolbe’s description * of a male £. civile, from Puerto Rico, speaks of “ oberen,”
“ mittleren,” and “unteren Appendices anales.” The “mittlere” appear to be the
pale tubercle of the superiors, while the “ untere” are the inferiors.
4. Enallagma prevarum.
Agrion prevarum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 88 (1861) .
Enallagma prevarum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 516 (1876) *; Williamson, Ent. News, xi.
pp. 456, 458, t. 9. figg. 4, 6 (apps. g) (1900) °.
gd. Pale margin of the epistome blue instead of yellow* in most adults. Abdominal segment 8 blue on the
dorsum, as Hagen’ implies, and Sallé’s Vera Cruz male, cited below, shows; not blackish as de Selys
states’. Black on segment 3 bluntly-pointed anteriorly, and oceupying the apical fourth, or more
acute and covering the apical third, or (1 ¢, New Mexico; 21 g, Arizona; 1 3, Los Angeles; 5 g,
Monterey ; 2 ¢, Durango; 1 ¢, Uruapam; 1 3, Mexico city) the black is prolonged toward the base
as a hastate band occupying the apical half to four-fifths of segment; transitional individuals, however,
occur among the material from Arizona, Durango, and Mexico city. Black on segment 4 occupying
the apical half to two-thirds, and usually constricted at four-fifths of the length of the segment; on 5
occupying the apical two-thirds to four-fifths ; the amount of black on 3 is independent of the amount
on the following segments. Ten individuals from Arizona have, on the average, one less postcubital on
both front (10) and hind (9) wings than ten individuals from Mexico city. In de Selys’s description *? the
word “inférieur ” in the first line, p. 517, is an error for “ supérieur.”
©. In those individuals taken in coitu, the black on abdominal segment 1 reaches to the apex of the
segment.
Hab. Unrrep States, Kansas (Banks, 1894); New Orleans?; Hast slopes Culebra
Range f (Lieut. Carpenter, M. C. Z.: 1 3) and Las Cruces (Cockerell, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢), New Mexico; Tucson (MC. Z.: 4/8 ; coll. Addams: 11 3, 22), Arizona
(I. C. Z., C. U. lot 85: 10 2, 5 9); Los Angeles (coll. Adams: 1 3) and Wilson’s
Lake, Pasadena (F. Grinnell, jr., P. P. C. det. 1900), California—Mexico (Deppe'),
Monterey (Rhoads: 6 ¢), Durango (Barrett, coll. P.P.C.: 53,22), San Luis
(Palmer, MU. C. Z.: 2 3), Guadalajara (Schumann: 2 3,1 2), Queretaro (Dean),
* This name plebeium has been omitted from Mr. Kirby’s ‘ Catalogue of Odonata,’ 1890.
+ This specimen is simply labelled “ New Mexico, 6/27/75, W. L. C.” The initials are probably those of
Lieut. W. L. Carpenter, U.S. Army, whose previous collections of Neuroptera were sent to and reported upon
by Dr. Hagen. Lieut. Carpenter states in his report (Rep. Chief of Engineers, U.S.A., for 1876, pt. 3, p. 346)
where he spent the month of June, 1875, and the locality given above is the most exact that I can deduce
therefrom.
112 NEUROPTERA.
Acambaro (Rhoads: 6 3,2 2), Patzcuaro (Rhoads: 2 3,2 2 ; Deam: 2 ¢), Urua-
pam [2 ¢, 2 2], Texolo [5 3] (Rhoads), Vera Cruz (Sallé*, coll. P. P. C., ex coll.
Selys: 1 3 with label “ prevarum” in de Selys’s handwriting), Tacuba [1 ¢ ], Mexico
city [16 ¢, 15 9] (Barrett, F. D. Godman, H. H. Smith, Schumann, colls. Adams,
P. P. C.), Pefion [1 2], Tlalpam [1 ?] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Puebla (Richardson:
1 3), Amula [4 ¢ ] and Tuxtla [1 2], Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Oaxaca (Deam: 1 3),
Trojos de Oro (Saussure 12); ?Brirish Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur: 1 2,
damaged, the identification doubtful). : |
The Mexican individuals are dated from March to December.
To the northward this species is represented by the closely-allied—if distinct—
E. anna, Williamson [Ent. News, xi. p. 455, t. 9. figg. 1, 2 (1900)], of which I have
seen three males and one female from Wyoming and Nevada.
5. Enallagma semicirculare. (Tab. V. fig. 13.)
Enallagma semicirculare, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 517 (1876)’.
3. The following data will supplement the incomplete description of de Selys', based on a single male :—
Abdomen blue, with the following parts black: a basal spot on segment 1; a transverse, isolated, ante-
apical streak, or a semicircular, anteapical spot (its convex side turned forward), connected by a “ tail ”
with the apex of the segment on 2; and the apical fifth or sixth of 3 and 4; almost the whole of 5 and 6
dark metallic green, except a narrow transverse basal ring; or, in the Misantla and Fuente males, only
the apical sixth of 5 is black, 6 being as above described in that from Fuente, but having only the apical
fourth black in the Misantla male; 7 black, except for a narrow, transverse, basal, medially interrupted,
pale ring ; 8-10 entirely blue.
The superior appendages instead of being “ trés-différents de toutes les autres espéces voisines par l’absence
de lame ou de tubercle interne dilatés,” as de Selys states}, possess such a lamina, as shown in our
figure. It is situated on the under surface of each appendage so close to the base as to be not easily
recognized, the anterior edge of the lamina being usually concealed by the tenth segment on the death
of the insect, thus giving the appendage the appearance described: ‘ vus de profil, ils sont épais a la
base amincis réguliérement jusqu’au bout” +. When the appendages are extended, as in the individual
from which our illustration was drawn, the lamina is clearly seen.
Dimensions.— Abdomen 23-26°5 ; hind wing 16-18°5 mm.
@. Unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Fuente (coll. P. P. C, ex coll. L. Mengel: 1 3, last four segments
lost, identification probable), Misantla (Ff. D. Godman: 1 3), Iguala (Barrett, coll.
P. P. C.: 4 3), Venta de Zopilote (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢ ), “‘ Putla, sur le Pacifique” }.
For the middle three localities cited, the dates of capture are March, September, and
October respectively.
6. Enallagma cecum.
Agrion cecum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 84 (1861) °.
Enallagma cecum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 528 (1876) *.
Enallagma cecum, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 485, t. 15. fig. 8 (apps. ¢) (1895) °.
¢. In all the specimens examined the black on segment 2 has the form of a U whose open end is directed
forward. Only one male (from Kingston) has a bronze ventral thoracic spot near the abdomen, as
ENALLAGMA. 113
described by Selys?. All have an inferior longitudinal black stripe on each side of segments 8 and 9,
and the dorsum of 9 entirely blue. The dorsum of 8 is entirely blue in the Jamaican and Pernambuco
males ; each inferior stripe sends upward an anteapical prolongation, which, however, does not meet its
fellow of the opposite side in one male from San José del Cabo; the union of these anteapical pro-
longations making the apical dorsal third black is the condition of most of the continental examples,
while the male from Presidio has a narrow mid-dorsal black stripe reaching forward from the apical black
to base.
Hab. Lower Cauirornta, San José del Cabo (Hisen & Vaslit®, coll. P. P. C.:
2 ¢).—Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 1 3), Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit, coll. Calif.
Acad. Sci.: 1 2), Medellin [2 3, 1 2], Atoyac [1 3] (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Ff. D.
Godman & H. H. Smith: 1 3), Rio Balsas (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Acapulco
{1 ¢, 1 2], Teapa [1 ¢, 1 9] (A. H. Smith), Tehuantepec and Tolosa (Deam,
Williamson det.), Putla?; Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 2 36, 1 9 ).—VENEZUELA,
‘Caracas (R. M. Bartleman, U.S. N. I: 5 3,1 2); Braz, Pernambuco ( Veilenmann,
M. C. Z.: 1 6); West Inviss, Portland [2 3,1 2], Kingston [2 3, 2 2] and Bog
Walk [1 ¢ ] in Jamaica (colls. A. WV. S., P. P.C.), Port-au-Prince, Hayti (Hhrenberg*),
Puerto Rico (Moritz *), St. Thomas ! ?.
The Mexican specimens were captured between September and April.
The continental representatives differ from those from Jamaica and from de Selys’s
description 2 as follows:—Males with merely a small black spot on the upper end
only of the second lateral thoracic suture (instead of a stripe for the greater part of its
length) ; the small internal tooth of the superior appendages at nearly mid-length instead
of at three-fourths from the base, the lower branch of these appendages longer (three-
to four-fifths as long as the upper branch, instead of one-fourth to one-half as long)
and more slender (even to half as wide as long, while in the Jamaicans the width is
as great as the length). Females with the epistoma (nasus) violet or blue, with a
black line at the articulation with the frons, instead of black throughout.
The lower branch of the superior male appendages reaches its greatest relative
length in the individuals from Caché; the Pernambuco male has the most slender
appendages.
(7. Enallagma eiseni.
Enallagma eiseni, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 486, t. 15. fig. 7 (apps. ¢)
(1895) *.
Hab. Lower Cauirornta, Baja Purisima! (C. D. Haines, coll, P. P. C.: 3 ¢), Mesa
Verde}, Sierra San Lazaro 1, San José del Cabo!.
This is now the only species of Odonata known to be restricted to Lower California *,
but to find it on the Mexican mainland would not be surprising. |
* Two other species, Macrothemis inequiunguis and Trithemis basifusca, which in 1895 (J.¢. p. 466) I stated
to be also peculiar to this peninsula, were subsequently found at Tepic.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1902. q
114 _NEUROPTERA.
[8. Enallagma basidens, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 16.)
dg. Blue, with the following parts black: a transverse stripe at the base of the labrum, the greater part of the
nasus, except the free margin, and sometimes a pair of small subcentral spots or a subcentral streak ;
antenne, except the first joint, and the anterior surface of the second joint, vertex (there being a slender
blue cuneiform postocular spot each side, the two connected by a blue occipital line), dorsum of the
middle prothoracic lobe (on which is a median, and a right and a left crescentic spot, blue) ; the greater
part of the thoracic dorsum, except the median carina, and an antehumeral stripe which are blue, the
latter being about one-fourth as wide as the distance between the mid-dorsal and humeral sutures; a
narrow mesepimeral stripe confluent below with the black humeral stripe, from which it is separated
above by a blue stripe narrower than itself; this black mesepimeral stripe does not quite reach the base
of the front wings, except in the Austin male, where it fuses with the upper end of the humeral stripe ;
dorsum of segments 1-8 for their entire length, the black being wider at the base and before the apex
on 2, on 3 having a hastate form which widens greatly in the apical sixth; a hastate spot on 4-6
occupying the apical half to three-fourths on 4, half to three-fifths on 5 and 6; almost all the dorsum
of 7, except a transverse, medially-interrupted, basal ring ; dorsum of 10, narrowed posteriorly ; venter of
3-6 or 7; an external (supero-anterior) stripe on all the femora and on the proximal half of the first
tibie.
Hind margin of abdominal segment 10 with a pair of small submedian denticles. Superior appendages about
three-fourths as long as segment 10, black, or pale with black tips; viewed from above, slightly curved
throughout their length with the convexity outward, a small internal tooth at the apex; viewed in
profile, upperside slightly convex, apex truncated almost at right angles thereto, underside in its
proximal half with a rather slender tooth directed downward almost at right angles, yet slightly distally,
the tooth not quite half as long as the entire appendage; just beyond this tooth the appendage is slightly
constricted, in profile view, whence the lower margin descends somewhat to the apex which has thereby
a greater vertical dimension than the base. Inferior appendages, viewed from below, feebly bilobed, the
outer lobe longer and more slender, and, in profile view, reaching as far backward as the tooth of
the superiors when these latter are fully extended. Most of these individuals, however, have retracted the
superiors at death so that their tooth is not clearly visible and does not project as far backward as does
the slender lobe of the inferiors.
Pterostigma luteous, surmounting less than one cell, its anterior distal angle the most acute.
9. Similar to the male, the blue replaced by yellow on the head and by pale green on the thorax ; some pale
marks around the ocelli in some specimens; the pale antehumeral stripe about one-third as wide as the
distance between the mid-dorsal and humeral sutures ; the narrow black mesepimeral stripe not confluent
at either end with the black humeral stripe, not reaching either the base of the wings above nor the
mesinfra-episternum below (in the Blanco Co. example confined to the lower half of the mesepimeron) ;
segments 4-6 like 3 of the male, 7 as in the male, 8 with a mid-dorsal blackish band for its entire
length, 9 with a pair of dorsal black spots in the basal half, the rest of 9 and all of 10 blue. No dark
markings on the third legs. Appendages pale, straight, slender, as long as segment 10; apical ventral
spine of segment 8 well developed; genital valves with the lower margin distinctly denticulated in the
apical half, their palps not reaching as far back as the tips of the appendages.
In both sexes the hind margin of the prothorax is entire, convex, somewhat flattened dorsally.
Dimenstons.—Abdomen, g 18°5-19°5, 9 18°5; hind wing, ¢ 11-12°5, 9 12°5 mm.
Hab. Unitep Statss, Austin [er coll. Banks: 1 3], Blanco Co. [Schaupp: 1 2 |
(coll. P. P. C.), San Antonio (Schaupp: 1 ¢ ), Corpus Christi region? (S. F. Aaron,
coll. A. N. S.: 3 3,2 2, one pair in cop.), all in Texas.
The Austin and the San Antonio males are dated as having been captured in late
October. ; .
This species will no doubt be found in Tamaulipas and perhaps still farther south.
See footnote, p. 102, for some further remarks upon it.]
ACANTHAGRION.—TELEBASIS. 115
ACANTHAGRION.
Acanthagrion, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 304 (1876) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 144
(1890).
This genus is confined to Central and South America.
1. Acanthagrion gracile. (Tab. V. fig. 20.)
Agrion gracile, Rambur, Ins. Névr. p. 260 (1842) *.
Acanthagrion gracile, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 807 (1876) *; Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, xi. no. 239, p. 3 (1896) *; no. 240, p. 2 (1896) ‘.
Vars. cuneatum, quadratum, Selys, loc. cit. p. 809 (1876) °.
Races ? minarum, lancea, vidua, Selys, loc. cit. pp. 809, 310 (1876) °.
3. Blue on segment 7 occupying apical fourth to eighth (Atoyac), apical tenth to a very narrow apical
ring (Teapa, Texolo). One of the specimens from Teapa having least blue on segment 7 has the postocular
spots smaller, and in these two respects only resembles the description of race? minarum, Three of
the Brazilian males have segment 7 entirely black dorsally, but are otherwise like typical A. gracile.
In var. quadratum the black on the dorsum of segment 1 is in the form of a square basal spot not
touching the apex; in typical A. gracile the dorsal black reaches from base to apex of 1; the material
from Atoyac comprises quadratum, typical A. gracile, and intermediates in that: the basal black spot is
furnished with a “tail” of varying width which reaches to the apex.
Hab. Mexico, Texolo (Rhoads: 3 6, 2 2), Atoyac [8 ¢], Teapa [5 ¢] (H. H.
Smith), Putla®?; Guatemata, San Gerénimo, Vera Paz (Champion: 1 ¢ ).—ConomBta
(Dr. Festa*); Braztu? (coll. P. P.C., ex coll. R. Martin: 43,12), Para?, Pernambuco
(Veilenmann, M. C. Z.: 1 3, 12), Campobello?, Juiz de Fora?, Nova Freiburgo
(Beshke, coll. P. P. C., ex coll. Hagen: 1 3), Entre Rios?, Rio Janeiro, Tijuca 2,
Porto Novo?, Sao Sebastido (A. Hempel, coll. A. N. 8.: 1 3,1 9); Paraguay
(Borelli >).
The Mexican specimens were collected between January and May.
The Brazilian examples have usually one more postcubital on both front (11) and
hind (9) wings respectively than those of Mexico. The “varieties” cuneatum
and guadratum were both described ® from “ Mexico” and the former also from Rio
Janeiro; they are hardly worthy of distinct names. Cuneatum has the black on 1
and 2 cuneiform, point anterior, and broadly touching the apex of both segments ;
Ihave not seen it. The other three “races” are not known outside of South
America. |
TELEBASIS.
Telebasis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xx. pp. 376,378 (1865)'; Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi.
p. xxi (1869) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 155 (1890) *.
Erythragrion, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 955 (1876)*.
The species included by de Selys* in this genus inhabit the West Indies, and
eastern South America to Southern Brazil, as well as Mexico and Central America.
g2
116 NEUROPTERA.
The name employed by Mr. Kirby? appears to me to be correct, and I have
consequently followed his Catalogue in this respect.
Key to the Central-American Species.
§ I. Rear of the head black or dark metallic green.
1. Prothorax of the females without processes.
A. Larger species (abdomen and hind wing 23 and 15 mm. long respectively
or longer): mid-dorsal thoracic carina dark, mesepimeron with a small
inferior dark spot or stripe in some males only of T. griffini, but
otherwise unspotted in both sexes; inferior appendages of the males
curved upward and toward each other.
B. Superior appendages of the males wider than long ; inferiors two and
one-half times as long as the superiors, tapering to apex in profile,
obliquely truncated at apex in dorsal view ; dorsum of abd. segs. 1-3,
8-9 red (¢), 1-3, 8-10 pale (2), of the others dark metallic green
orblack . . .. - . toe ew ew ew ew ew hw he ed collopistes,
BB. Superior appendages of the males three times longer than wide;
inferiors one and one-quarter times as long as superiors, tapering to
the apex both in profile and dorsal views ; dorsum of abd. segs. 1-10
reddish or reddish-yellow (3), dark metallic green or black (¢) . 2. griffinii.
AA. Smaller species (abdomen and hind wing 19 and 13 mm. long respectively
or shorter) : mid-dorsal thoracic carina pale ; mesepimeron with a black
stripe for all or the greater part of its length ; inferior appendages of
the males subparallel to each other, obtuse at tip ; dorsum of abd. segs.
red (¢@), bronze(?). - . + > . ~ . - » © 38. filtola.
2. Prothorax of the female with two slender forwardly-directed processes on
the hind lobe; dorsum of abd. segs. 1-10 dark metallic green (9).
Male unknown. . . 4. digiticollis.
SII. Rear of the head pale ; abdomen bright red (3h) or brownish-yellow ( F ).
(The female of T. isthmica is unknown.)
1. Dark mid-dorsal thoracic stripe of almost uniform width throughout, no
dark mesepimeral stripe or spot ; males with the inferior appendages about
one and one-half times as long as the superiors, parallel to each other,
truncated and obtuse at tip... . . oe ew ew wl wht) OD tsthmica.
2. Dark mid-dorsal thoracic stripe more or less abruptly and angularly widened
a short distance below its upper end, the carina pale, a dark inferior
mesepimeral stripe or spot; males with the inferior appendages about
twice as long as the superiors, tapering to the acute tip which is curved
upward and inward. . 1. 1 6 + es ee eee ee ee ew 6, Salva.
1. Telebasis collopistes, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 27, 28.)
g. Bright red, with the following exceptions: lips yellow, frons inferiorly and gene pale green or blue, nasus
obscure, possibly similarly coloured; vertex and rear of the head black with a coppery reflection ;
prothorax with a transverse black or ‘metallic-green spot separating the anterior from the middle and one
TELEBASIS. 117
separating the middle from the hind lobe; a metallic-green mid-dorsal thoracic band whose width on
each side of the carina is about equal to half the distance from the carina to the humeral suture; an
obscure transverse apical ring on segment 3; dorsum of segments 4—7 and of 10 shining black, but the
apex of 7 is red and 4—7 have each a narrow, transverse, basal, medially-interrupted, yellow ring; legs
pale yellow, femora with a superior black stripe.
Hind margin of the prothorax convex, entire, very slightly flattened medially.
Abdominal segment 10 less than half as long as 9, apical margin with a wide shallow excision.
Superior appendages very short, about one-third as long as segment 10, black ; viewed from above, rectangular,
wider than long, touching each other along the median line ; in profile subglobular. Inferiors as long as
segment 10, reddish; in profile, about twice as high at base as the superiors, thence tapering to an acute
apex which is curved upward; seen from below, each appendage is somewhat curved toward its fellow,
abruptly narrowed on its inner side at half its length so that the apical half is but half as wide as the
basal half, apex obliquely truncated so that the outer angle is the more acute.
Pterostigma brown, paler immediately within its surrounding veins, surmounting one cell, its distal end
shorter and less oblique than the proximal end.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Brownish-yellow replacing the red; a short yellow streak near each
posterior ocellus directed toward the antenna of the same side; an obscure stripe on the basal haif of
each side of segment 2, and for almost the entire length of each side of 3, where they are confluent with
the apical ring; apical half (perhaps more) of 7 and all of 10 brownish; a mid-dorsal, basal, black spot
on 8, and a larger one on each side of 9 at base, 10 half as long as 9, its apical margin cleft medially
almost to base. Appendages pale, not quite as long as segment 10, projecting backwards as far as
do the palps of the genital valvules.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 23'5-25°5, 9 25; hind wing, g 15-16°5, 9 16°5 mm.
Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith: 2 3,1 2).
These individuals were taken in January; all have some pruinosity on the thoracic
sterna and at the bases of the legs, and the smaller male also on the superior
appendages.
The bright colours have suggested the specific name from xcoAXwmerne, said to have
been employed by Isocrates and Aristotle in the sense of ‘a dandy.”
2. Telebasis griffinii. (Tab. V. figg. 31, 32.)
Erythragrion griffinii, Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xi. no. 240, p. 2 (1896) '.
Q (hitherto undescribed). Differs from the male as follows: face yellowish; prothorax obscure brownish, with
an ill-defined spot on each side of the middle lobe, and a central spot on the hind lobe, black ; dorsum of
abdominal segments 1-10 shining black, narrowed at apices of 8 and 9, the anterior ones with a greenish
reflection, 3-7 with a narrow, transverse, basal, medially-interrupted, yellow ring, sides of 1-8 pale
greenish ; 10 less than half as long as 9, its apical margin cleft along the mid-dorsal line for half the
length of the segment. Appendages slightly shorter than segment 10, straight, pale brown ; palps on
the genital valvules projecting farther backward than the appendages.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 23, 2 24; hind wing, ¢ 15°5, 9 16-17 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa and Rio Grijalva (H. H. Smith: 9 3,5 2); Panama, Darien
(Dr. Festa*).
M. Martin’s type was larger (abd. 25, hind wing 16 mm.), had 11 postcubitals on the
front wings (here 8-10) and the upperside of the quadrilateral on the front wings half
as long as the lower side (here less than half). Otherwise, his description applies quite
well to these specimens from Teapa, which were taken in January and February.
118 NEUROPTERA.
3. Telebasis filiola. (Tab. V. figg. 33, 34.)
Agrion filiola, Perty, Del. Anim. Artic. Bras. p. 125, t. 25. fig. 4 (1834) °.
Erythragrion filiola, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlii. p. 956 (1876) *; Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, xi. no. 240, p. 2 (1896) *; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 263
(1900) *
The specimens before me differ from Selys’s description? as follows:—The postcubitals are fewer, 7-9,
instead of 9-10; labrum yellow, instead of black, in the Teleman and one Torola male, both of which
are immature; hind margin of the prothorax entire, not “largement mais peu profondément échancrée ”
black stripe on the femora superior, therefore exterior—perhaps “ intérieur ” is merely a clerical or
typographical error; the size is smaller—abdomen 16°5-17, hind wing 10°5-11'5 mm.
Hab. Guatemata, Teleman in Vera Paz [1 ¢ ], Torola, Pacific slope [2 3 |
(Champion); Panama, Darien (Dr. Festa *)—CotomBia, Barranquilla 4+; Brazit,
Pernambuco 2, Rio Grande 2, Minas Geraes!.
4. Telebasis digiticollis, sp.n. (Tab. V. fig. 21.)
3. Unknown.
@. Vertex and rear of the head dark metallic green; lips and occiput yellow; frons, genx, and a short
oblique streak between each posterior ocellus and the antenna of the same side pale green or blue (?).
Prothorax metallic green, hind margin of hind lobe and each side of the middle lobe inferiorly pale.
Thorax pale (yellowish ?), a mid-dorsal metallic-green band whose width on each side of the carina is
about two-thirds the distance from the carina to the humeral suture. Dorsum of abdominal segments
1-10 dark metallic green or blue, which is narrowed at the apices of 8-10; a narrow, transverse, basal,
yellow ring on 1-7, sides of 1-7 pale greenish, of 8-10 at apex reddish-yellow which ascends to the
dorsum. Legs yellow with a superior black stripe on the femora.
Hind margin of the prothorax convex, entire, but markedly flattened medially ; from each side of the dorsal
surface of the hind lobe extends forward and slightly upward a straight, slender, yellow process, which
reaches to about one-third of the length of the middle lobe; the two processes diverge from each other
at perhaps 60°.
Tenth abdominal segment half as long as 9, its apical margin deeply cleft along the mid-dorsal line for more
than half the length of the segment. Appendages as long as segment 10, pale, darker at tip, projecting
backward about as far as do the palps of the genital valvules.
Pterostigma pale brown, still paler immediately within its surrounding veins, surmounting one cell or a little
less, proximal and distal ends of subequal length and obliquity.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 26, hind wing 17-185 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Frontera [1 2 ] and Teapa [2 2] in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).
All three specimens were taken in January. These individuals resemble in some
respects the description of the female of 7. vulnerata (Hagen), but differ in the
colouring of the thorax and in the shorter prothoracic processes, which latter have
suggested the specific name.
5. Telebasis isthmica, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 29, 30.)
dé. Labium yellow. Labrum, clypeus, frons, rear of the head, and most of the thorax pale green. Vertex
perhaps reddish at first with black lines in the grooves, the whole becoming obscure later. Prothorax
reddish with obscure markings, its hind margin convex but flattened medially, A mid-dorsal thoracic
stripe obscure reddish-brown (?) bordered laterally by a straight black line, the width between the right
and left black lines being equal to the distance from one humeral suture to the mid-dorsal carina.
Abdominal segment 1 chiefly pale green, 2-10 bright red (8-10 perhaps ochraceous in life); some of the
TELEBASIS. 119
ntersegmental articulations obscure. Legs yellowish. Segment 10 half as long as 9, its apical margin
with a median triangular excision almost for half the length of the segment.
Appendages pale, superiors not quite as long as segment 10, subconical and straight when viewed from above,
in profile curved slightly downward; a small infero-internal anteapical denticle. Inferiors somewhat
longer, in profile curved slightly upward, apex truncated obliquely with the lower angle the more acute
and projecting farther backward; viewed from below the inferiors are straight, blunt, subconical.
Pterostigma brown, surmounting one cell or slightly less, distal and proximal ends subequal in length and
obliquity.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 25°5-30, hind wing 16-18 mm.
2 unknown.
Hab. Panama [2 ¢], Obispo [Hassler Expedition: 1 3] (M. C. Z).
6. Telebasis salva.
Agrion salvuum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 85 (1861) '.
Erythragrion salvum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 962 (1876) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (2) iv. p. 483, t. 15. fig. 9 (apps. ¢) (1895)°; (8) Zool. i. pp. 383, 414, text-fig, 4
(gizzard armature) (1899) *.
Telebasis boucardi, Selys, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi. p. lxx (1868) ’.
The submedian dorsal thoracic bronze stripes are barely widened superiorly in only three males from Monterey,
Teapa, and S. Gerénimo respectively. Much individual variation in the extent of the inferior mesepimeral
(posthumeral) bronze stripe or spot exists, as is shown particularly in the material from Los Angeles,
Monterey, Texolo, and Teapa; complete absence I have found only in 1 g and 3 9 from Round Mt., and
2 2 from Los Angeles.
Hab. Unrrep States, Waco (VM. C. Z.) and Round Mt. (Schaupp, colls. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Adams, P. P.C.: 4 3,5 2) in Texas?; Tucson (coll. Adams: 6 3), Arizona (M.C. Z.,
C. U. lot 35: 1 3, see footnote p. 104); San Felipe valley [2 ¢ ], Los Angeles [4 ¢,
5 2] (coll. Adams) and Wilson’s Lake, Pasadena (F. Grinnell, jr, P. P. C. det.) in
California; Lower CaLiForniA, San Ignacio %, Baja Purisima ?, Miraflores ?, Mesa
Verde 3, San José del Cabo?.—Mexico (Leppe'!), Monterey (Rhoads: 15 3,3 9),
Durango (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 2 3), Tepic*, Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 3,1 2),
Acambaro (Rhoads: 1 3), Misantla (Godman: 2 3), Texolo (Rhoads: 5 3), Vera
Cruz (H. H. Smith: 1 3, 1 ?), Orizaba?, Cuernavaca (Barrett, colls. McLachlan,
Adams, P. P. C.: 21 6,72), Jojutla (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 13), Amula [6 ¢,
1 9], Savana Grande [2 ¢ ], Rincon [1 ¢ ], Dos Arroyos [1 ¢,1 2] (H. H. Smith),
Oaxaca (Deam: 3 3, 22), Putla (Boucard*), Teapa (H. Hl. Smith: 10 3, 12),
Temax, N. Yucatan (Gauwmer: 1 9); GuatemaLa? (coll. McLachlan: 1 3, with label
“ Erythragrion saluum, Hag.,” in de Selys’s handwriting), San Gerénimo, Vera Paz
(Champion: 26,19).
A comparison with the statistics which I published in 1895 ° shows that a greater
proportion of individuals from Lower California (32-7 °/, males, 27°3 °/, females) have
the lower sector of the triangle on the front wings arising as far in front of the
submedian cross-vein as the latter is long, than is the case with the material now
before me from the mainland (9°6 °/, for both sexes together).
120 NEUROPTERA.
LEPTOBASIS.
Leptobasis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xliii. pp. 98, 99 (1877)*; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 156
(1890) *.
The genus Leptobasis, as established by de Selys!, belongs to a group having, as one
of its chief characters, “onglets & dent inférieure nulle ou oblitérée”—the tarsal claws
without an inferior tooth. In the apparent absence of any earlier determination,
Mr. Kirby? has fixed Z. vacillans, Selys, as the type of the genus. But I find that
L. vacillans possesses the inferior tooth of the tarsal claws, which, although small, is
relatively as well developed as in Ceratura, placed by de Selys in the denticulate group
(cf. figg. 25 and 26, Tab. V.). The second species (L. macrogasira, Selys), included under
Leptobasis by de Selys, although with doubt, has also been shown to possess denticulate
tarsal claws, and has been referred to Telebasis (Erythragrion) by Mr. Carpenter. Of
the five remaining species described by de Selys, I have seen only a single specimen of
L. diceras, Selys, badly damaged as regards the legs, so that I cannot form an opinion
as to their status.
1. Leptobasis vacillans. (Tab. V. figg. 22-25.)
Leptobasis vacillans, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xliii. p. 101 (1877) *; Kolbe, Arch. f. Naturg. liv.
1, p. 172 (1888) *.
$. The brief description? of the appendages leads me to think that these structures were retracted in the
types so as not to be clearly seen, wherefore the following may be added :—Superiors, viewed from above,
wider than long with a small tooth on the inner margin, whence the appendage is obliquely truncated
outward and backward, the outer angle being thus the more acute; in profile, each appendage is bent
downward at right angles at the apex, the descending part terminating in a minute forwardly directed
point. Inferiors pale yellow, slightly longer (not “& peine plus courts”) than the superiors, inclined
toward each other, tapering from base to apex, more especially in profile view, and ending in a minute
black point which is turned upward and inward.
Q. Hind margin of the prothorax less produced mid-dorsally than in the g.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27°5-29°5, 9 25-28; hind wing, ¢ 15, 9 15-17 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 1 9), Atoyac (H. H. Smith: 1 2),
Temax, N. Yucatan (Gawmer: 23, 1 2), Teapa (H. H. Smith: 93, 92);
GuaTeMaLA, El Reposo [1 ¢ ], Paraiso [1 ¢ ] (Champion)—West InpDiEs, Cuba ' (Poey,
1866, UC. Z.: 1 ¢,1 2), Puerto Rico (Moritz ?).
Taken at Teapa, January, February, and March, at Atoyacin April. I can find no
differences between the Cuban individuals and those from the continent.
The “genre Telebasis”” of de Selys (. ¢. p. 97), of which Leptobasis forms the first
* sous-genre,” is stated to have no vulvar spine in the females. For ZL. vacillans he
describes} ‘une sorte de petit crochet courbé, court, analogue peut-étre a l’épine des
Acanthagrion,’ but adds “Le 8 segment de la femelle en dessous a besoin d’étre
mieux examiné.” The vulvar spine is present in the majority of the specimens before
me (69-2 °/,; 15°4°/, have lost this part of the abdomen), including the Cuban female.
I see no reason for doubting that it is the same structure as is present in Acanthagrion
and Enallagma.,
LEPTOBASIS.—AMPHIAGRION. 1 2 1
Var. atrodorsum, var. n.
3 @. Similar to Z. vacillans, the vertex darker, blackish, a small pale postocular spot (absent in Z. vacillans)
on each side confluent with the pale colouring of the rear of the head ; prothorax pale yellowish in the
young, black in older individuals ; thorax pale green, a mid-dorsal and a humeral stripe black, separated
on each side by a pale green antehumeral stripe, which is one-third to one-fourth as wide as the mid-
dorsal and one-half to three-fourths as wide as the humeral; abdomen yellowish or reddish-yellow, darker
near the apex (¢ ) (the Tlacotalpam ¢ has the dorsum of 1 and of the basal half of 2 black), or with the
dorsum of 1, of basal half of segment 2, of all of 5 and 6, of basal three-fourths of 7 black ( ¢ ).
Dimensions— Abdomen, ¢ 26-27, 9 23°5; hind wing, 5 9, 14-15 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Santiago Iscuintla, Jalisco (Schumann: 2 3), Tlacotalpam, Vera Cruz
(Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 13), Teapa (H. H. Smith: 19); Panama (M. C. Z.:
1 ¢).
The males were taken in July, the Teapa female in January.
As the appendages of the males, the genital valvules of the female, and all other
structural details appear to be identical with those of L. vacillans, I do not consider
this form to be of specific rank. There is no vulvar spine on the Panama female,
which, of the two individuals of this sex, alone possesses the abdomen.
I would be disposed to regard these five individuals as aged L. vacillans, were it
not for the fact that the Santiago males appear to be quite young and yet nevertheless
possess the black thoracic stripes.
[AMPHIAGRION.
Amphiagrion, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 284 (1876) ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 143 (1890).
The removal of Agrion heterodoxum and A. flavescens to the new genus Hesperagrion
(anted, p. 103), leaves in Amphiagrion only two species—A. sauciwm, Burm., and
A. amphion, Selys. The latter, described from a single female from “ North America,”
is unknown to me.
1. Amphiagrion saucium.
Agrion saucium, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 819 (1889) * ; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 85
(1861) °; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 39 (1898) °.
Amphiagrion saucium, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xl. p. 285 (1876) *; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. xx. p. 235 (1893) °; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 31 (1899)°; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol.
Indiana, p. 267 (1900)"; Ent. News, xi. p. 454 (1900) °.
Agrion discolor (pars), Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 819 (1839) °; Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba,
Ins. p. 467 (1857) °; Hag. Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 79 (1861) “; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. xxv. p. 88 (1898) ”.
Pyrrhosoma abbreviatum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 1299 (1876) ™.
Hab. Nortu AMERICA, Quebec to South Carolina, west to Montana and Colorado 1-5 ;
Victoria, British Columbia (2. Osburn, in litt.), Washington °, Idaho [1 ¢ ], Ogden,
Utah [C. Thomas: 1 3], Reno, Nevada [Morrison 1878: 1 3,12]. (M. C. Z);
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1902. r
122 NEUROPTERA.
California 3; Las Vegas and San Gerénimo, New Mexico (A. Garlick, P. P. C.
det. 1899).
This species will probably be found in elevated localities in Mexico. Individuals
from Dakota westward are usually more robust, more hairy, and have the metasternal
tubercle more developed. If they can be differentiated as a variety, the name
abbreviatum }3 is available. I have elsewhere 12 shown why, contrary to Mr. Kirby’s
Catalogue, the name saucium is to be employed for this species instead of discolor. |
ISCHNURA.
Ischnura, Charpentier, Lib. Eur. p. 20 (1840)*; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 259 (1876) ”;
Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 277 (1900) *.
Micronympha, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 140 (1890) *.
Ischnosoma, Wallengren, Ent. Tidsk. xv. p. 270 (1894) *.
The name here employed for this cosmopolitan genus is in accordance with the
views expressed by Mr. Williamson °.
A remarkable peculiarity of Ischnura is the existence, in most species, of two or
three differently coloured females—one similar, the other one or two dissimilar to the
male of the same insect.
Key to the Species known (or likely) to occur in Mexico and Central America.
Males.
1. Inferior appendages prolonged on the outer side into a slender process
which is usually acute at tip and curved inward.
a. Superior appendages bifid or subbifid, inner branch longer.
b. Pale green antehumeral stripe complete; abdominal segment 8
blue. . . . we ee ee we we we we 1 ramburi.
c. Abd. seg. 9 black on 1 dorsum: . oe 6 ew we eh 6ramburi type.
cc. Abd. seg. 9 blue, with some black at apex. . . ~ . . « ramburi, var. credula.
bb. Pale green antehumeral stripe represented by two small spots only,
one superior, the other inferior; abd. seg. 8 and 9 blue, a lateral
black stripeoneach . ... . woe . . . [2 damula.]
aa. Superior appendages not bifid, bent downward i in apical half; no pale
antehumeral spot or stripe; abd. seg. 8 and 9 blue, a lateral black
stripe on each from base to apex, connected on 8 by a basal black
ring. . . . . . rn . . 9&8. denticollis.
2, Inferior appendages truncated and slightly excised at tip, which is curved
upward; superiors very short, not bifid, but with a long, slender, inner,
downwardly-directed process; two small pale spots, representing the
upper and lower ends respectively of the antehumeral stripe ; abd. seg. .
8 and 9 blue, a lateral black stripe on each . . . . . . . « « [4 cervula.]
ISCHNURA. 123
3. Inferior appendages bifid or trifid at apex; superiors not bifid, bent
downward in apical half; a pale green antehumeral stripe; abd. seg. 8
blue, with a black stripe each side.
d. Inferior appendages bifid, upper branch(seen in profile) distinctly longer
than the lower; hind margin of prothorax convex throughout, with a
small median notch; abd. seg. 9 blue, rarely with black markings . 5. demorsa.
dd. Inferior appendages trifid or bifid, in the latter case the lower branch
as long as, or longer than, the upper; hind margin of prothorax
higher, with the sides straight, convergent, but convex medially,
no notch; abd. seg. 9 blue, with a black stripe each side . . . . [6. perparva.]
Females.
1. Pale colours blue or green; postocular spots not confluent with pale
colour of rear of head (“ black ” or homceochromatic* females).
a. Prothorax with no teeth or tooth-like processes.
b. Larger species (abdomen and hind wings 21 and 135 mm. long
respectively, or longer); hind margin of prothorax slightly concave
each side, convex medially ; abd. seg. 8 blue.
c. Abd. seg. 9 black on dorsum . . wee eee ee ew OL. ramburi.
ce. Abd. seg. 9 in part at least blue on dorsum wee ww we Pamburi, var. credula.
bb. Smaller species (abdomen and hind wings 19 and 15 mm. long
respectively, or shorter) . . . 5. demorsa, [6. perparva| (separable by the shape of
the hind margin of prothorax as stated above for their males).
aa. Prothorax with at least a median tooth-like process on the hind lobe.
d. Middle prothoracic lobe with a small tooth each side; abd. seg. 8
and 9 blue, with a black stripe each side . . . . . . « 98. denticollis.
dd. Middle prothoracic lobe without teeth ; an inwardly-curved pencil
of hairs on each side of the median tooth of the hind lobe; abd.
seg. 8 blue,9 black . . . - . s+ - . to . [4 cervula.]
2. Pale colours orange or olive ; postocular spots confluent with pale colour
of rear of head (“ orange,” “ olive,’”’ or heterochromatic females).
e. Prothorax without teeth or tooth-like processes.
f. Larger species (see dimensions for black females above): no black
humeral stripe or line, orange (or olive) on abdominal dorsum
confined to segment ] and partof2 ... . wo. 2 ©) 1. ramburi.
ff. Smaller species (see dimensions for black females above) : a black
humeral stripe or line, orange present on large parts of abd. seg.
1-8, often also on 4.and 8-10 . 5. demorsa, [6. perparva] (separable by the shape of
the hind margin of prothorax as stated above for their males).
ee. Prothorax with at least a median tooth-like process on the hind lobe.
g. Middle prothoracic lobe with a small tooth each side; abd. seg. 8
and 9 blue on dorsum, a black stripe each side (young) or entirely
black (old) ; no orange on abdominal dorsum... . . . . 38.; denticollis.
* Homcochromatic, similar in colouring to their respective males.
r2
124 NEUROPTERA.
gg. Middle prothoracic lobe without teeth; abd. seg. 8 blue, with a
black stripe each side, 9 black; some orange on dorsum of 1}
and2 2 6 ew ew ew ee ee ee ee eee ee [AL corvula.]
(The females of J. damula are unknown.)
1. Ischnura ramburi.
Agrion ramburii, Selys, Rev. Odon. Eur. p. 186 (1850) *; in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 468 (1857) ’.
Ischnura ramburii, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 272 (1876)°; Kolbe, Arch. f. Naturg. liv..1,
t. 13. fig. 3 (basal half of front wing) (1888) ‘; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 240 (1893)? ;
Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xi. no. 239, p. 3 (1896) °; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent.
Zeitschr. xlv. p. 263 (1900) ’.
Agrion senegalense, var., Rambur, Névr. p. 277 (1842) °.
Agrion tuberculatum, Selys, i in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 467 (1857)°; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am.
p. 76 (1861)”.
Agrion iners, Hagen, loc. cit. p. 75 (1861)"; Provancher, Nat. Can. vill. p. 324 (1876) ”; Pettit,
Can. Ent. vi. p. 45 (1874) ™*.
The following are some measurements from individuals from different localities made in investigation of
de Selys’s suggestion *, ‘ Peut-étre existe-t-il plusieurs races ” :—
Philadeipis Pa, | Gotha, Florida. City of Mexico.
mm. mm. mm.
Abdomen <6 ........ 23-25 22°5-25°5 24:5
black @ ........ 25 23-24 24°5-26°5
orange? ........ 25 23°5-26 24-26
olive @2 ........ 25-27 27 24-5
Hind wing ¢ ........ 14-15 14-17 17
black 9 ........ 17 15-16 18-19
orange? ........ 18 16-18°5 18-20
olive 2 ........ 18 19 19
Other localities are represented by so few specimens as to make them useless for comparison. In spite
of their longer wings, the individuals from the City of Mexico have not more postcubitals than those from
Gotha.
Hab. Norta America, Quebec 2, Ontario }%, Watch Hill, Rhode Island (P. P. C.) to
Florida 5, Louisiana ® 11, Texas 5.—MeExico 3 (Deppe 1), Mazatlan (A. M. NV. H.: lor. 2),
Tampico !!, Mexico city (Barrett, colls. Adams, McLachlan, P. P.C.: 46,7 bl. 2,
7 or. 2,1 ol. 2), Campeche 1°, Teapa (H. H. Smith: 1 or. 2), Acapulco (Hassler
Exped., M.C. Z.: 1 3), Tehuantepec (Deam: 1 ol. 2 ).—Cotomaia, Barranquilla ’
“ VENEZUELA, Magdalena ” 3 (is not ‘‘ Venezuela” an error for “‘ Colombia” ?); GutaNa,
Cayenne !°; Peru, Lima (M. C. Z.: 1 or. 2); Cxitn, Arica? (formerly in Peru);
PARAGUAY (Borelli 6); West Inpies, Cuba 10 11,
I. ramburt is very similar to I. senegalensis (Rambur), found throughout the tropical
regions of the Old World. It apparently differs by its usually (but not invariably)
larger size; the male inferior appendages a little shorter (about three-fourths as long
as the tenth abdominal segment, while in J. senegalensis they are equal to that
ISCHNURA. 125
segment); the bifid dorsal process of the same segment of the males a little wider
when the two species are compared side by side; eighth segment of the black female
blue, in that of J. senegalensis black; I cannot separate the orange females when
size fails *,
Var. credula.
Agrion credulum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 80 (1861) ™.
Ischnura ramburii, var. credula, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 489, t. 15. figg. 5, 6
(apps. ¢) (1895) 7°; (3) Zool. i. p. 384 (1899) *.
Agrion defixum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 80 (1861) ”.
Ischnura ramburii, Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 261 (1896) *.
The following measurements are for the same purpose as under J. ramburt, supra :—
Vera Cruz. Mexico city. Champerico. Hayti. Martinique.
mm. mm. mm, mm. mm.
Abdomen 6 ........ 22°5 24-26 wea 22°5-25 21-24
black Q ........ 24:5 25:5-27 21-23 23-26 24°5
orange? ........ 22 sees sees 23°5-26 23
Hind wing ¢ .....-.. 14 17-18. 13 14-16 13°5-15
black @ ........ 16 19-20 13°5-14 15°5-17 16°5
orange 2 .......- 16 wae ae 16-18 15
I have not been able to find any differences in orange or olive females which would enable one to distinguish
them as I. ramburi type or as var. credula. They are placed in these tables of measurement and in the lists
of localities for convenience and for the sake of comparison. I have not seen a single orange female with
the epistoma orange, such as de Selys* mentions from New Orleans; perhaps it was really a different
species.
Hab. Unirep States, Enterprise (P. Laurent, coll. Am. Ent. Soc.: 1 3) and Key
West (Morrison, M. C. Z.), Florida, Northern California!”; Lower CaLiFOoRNIA,
Comondu 1%, San José del Cabo 15.—Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 2 3,
1 or. 2, lol. 2), Tampico (M@. C. Z.: 1 bl. 2), Acaponeta, Tepic’®, Guadalajara
(Schumann: 1 bl. 2 ), Patzcuaro (Rhoads: 1 3,16 or. 2), Mexico city [5 ¢, 5 bl. 9 |,
Pefion, Distrito Federal {1 bl. 2,3 or. 2 | (Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P. C.), Amecameca,
Morelos [1 ¢ ], Tabi, Yucatan [1 ¢ ] (Godman), Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 7 3,1bd1. 2,
1 or. 2; Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 13), Acapulco (HA. H. Smith: 2 3, 1 or. 2),
Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz (Deam, Williamson det.); GuaTeMALA, Champerico
(Champion: 2 3,4 bl. 2, one of the latter marked “ sea-coast ”) —Banamas, Crooked
Is.15; West Inpizs, Cuba, Hayti (P. &. Uhler, W. Cabot, M.C. Z.: 33,2 dl. 9,
* The following abnormalities exist in the material before me of J. ramburi, which, since they are rather
unusual among the Agrionine, seem worthy of note. One male from Mexico city has the first posteubital on
the front wing not extending beyond the median vein. Another male, from the same locality, has the pigment
entirely lacking from the pterostigma of the right front wing, the pterostigma and the veins beneath it being
somewhat distorted ; on the left side colour and venation are normal. It may also be added that a male from
Virginia in my collection has the third antenodal cell on the right hind wing completely divided into an
anterior and a posterior half, although no other cell in the neighbourhood is so divided.
126 NEUROPTERA.
4 or. 2), Jamaica & 18, St. Thomas #4, Martinique (i. C.Z.: 43,1 bl. 2,2 or. 2),
Barbados (M.C. Z.: 1 3).
Intermediate individuals connect the variety credula with the typical L. ramburi },
In Mexico and the West Indies the variety appears to be more common than the type,
which latter, however, extends farther north. No apparent difference exists in the
venation or the structure of the two. I cannot see that the measurements given above
furnish sufficient evidence for a belief in the existence of local races—much more
extensive series must first be examined. (See also under J. denticollis, infra, p. 127.)
[2. Ischnura damula, sp. n.
3. Very similar to J. cervula, but differing as follows :—Dorsal process on segment 10 less elevated, about
one-fourth as high as 10 itself, bifid in less than its apical half, its branches separating at more than 90°,
short, obtusely rounded. Superior appendages viewed from above not quite half as long as 10, divergent,
ending rather abruptly in a very short acute spine; viewed from behind, there is visible a slender,
downwardly-directed, acute process which is slightly longer than the remainder of the appendage distal
to the process. Inferior appendages half as long as segment 10, therefore longer than the superiors ;
viewed in profile, curved upward at the tip, very similar to those of J. verticalis, but slightly stouter ;
viewed from below, hardly bifid, the inner branch very short, the outer (which is the only one visible in
profile) curved inward at tip which is thereby hook-like. Hind margin of prothorax showing three
slight festoons at about the same horizontal level, the middle one produced upward slightly more than
the other two. (The smallest male has the hind margin almost straight, slightly produced in the middle.)
Front wings : 8-10 postcubitals (chiefly 9), nodal sector arising at fourth. Hind wings: 7-8 postcubitals
(chiefly 8), nodal sector arising at third.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 21-24; hind wing 14-16 mm.
© unknown.
Hab. Unitep States, Denver, Colorado (coll. Adams: 3 3), Zuni, New Mexico
(Henshaw, M. C. Z.: 2 3).
The specimens from Zuni were captured on July 7.
This species has the colouring of J. cervula; its hind prothoracie margin, inferior
appendages, and dorsal process on segment 10 are very similar to the same parts of
I. verticalis; its superior appendages are intermediate in form between those of
I. ramburi and I. cervula. The specific name is suggested by analogy with cervula.]
8. Ischnura denticollis.
Agrion denticolle, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 819 (1889)'; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 81
(1861) ?; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 38, t. 1. fig. 13 (prothorax, 2) (1898) *.
Nehalennia (?) denticollis, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 1244, xlii. p. 990 (1876) *.
Ischnura eastriata, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 493, t. 15. fig. 2 (apps. g) (1895) °
Ent. News, ix. p. 72 (1898) °. |
3. In spite of special search, not one of the specimens before me shows a pale antehumeral stripe or spot.
Q (black or homceochromatic, not hitherto described). Differs from the orange ? as follows:—Yellow or
luteous replaced by blue; nasus, front of second antennal joint, and entire dorsum of prothorax black,
with more or less metallic-green reflection. Postocular spots of the size of those of the ¢, consequently
smaller than those of the orange 9, blue, not confluent with the pale colour of the rear.of the head.
Antehumeral stripe narrow, blue, constricted near its upper end (1 2), or almost absent, its upper and
ISCHNURA.
127
lower ends only represented by a superior and an inferior cuneiform blue spot respectively (2 2), or
represented by an inferior blue spot only (1 ¢@).
Dorsum of abdominal segments 8 and 9 and at least part of 10 blue, 8 and 9 with lateral black stripes
united across the base of 8. No vulvar spine.
© (orange or heterochromatic).
individuals occur, and there is no correlation with the colouring of abdominal segments 8 and 9.
Black stripes on the legs wider than in the orange ?.
Nasus either shining black or orange, with a black line at base ; transitional
These last
may be black dorsally, or as described above for the black ¢ ; perhaps the former is indicative of greater
age, but I have no proof that it is so.
Of 107 orange females specially examined, 8 (2 San Felipe, 1 San
Bernardino, 1 Los Angeles, 2 Arizona, 1 Tepic, 1 Patzcuaro) have a small but distinct vulvar spine, the
remaining 99, or 92°5 °/,, lack it.
The postcubitals in both sexes are fewer in the examples from California and Arizona than in those from farther
south. Thus 24 ¢ and 6 9, from the two States mentioned, give for the front wings: 10 postcubitals
1:3 °/,, 9 29°3°/,, 8 58:5°/,, 7 10°4°/,; and for the hind wings: 8 posteubitals 5:2°/,, 7 60-2 °/o,
11 g 12 2 from Morelia, Patzcuaro, Mexico city, Jalapa, and Orizaba give for the front
wings: 12 postcubitals 4-4°/,, 11 13:0°/,, 10 41°3°/,, 9 41°3°/,; hind wings: 9 postcubitals 26 °/,,
While no constant difference exists between the two sexes in the number of post-
cubitals, the females tend to the higher numbers: thus the 12 and 11 postcubitals just mentioned were
found only in females *, A similar, but less marked, sexual difference exists in J. ramburt and var. credula.
6 84:5 %/,.
8 56:4 9/5, 7
17°6 9/,.
Dimensions (cf. the numbers of individuals enumerated below) :—
San Felipe. | San Bernardino..| Los Angeles.| Arizona. Patzcuaro. | Mexico city.
mm mm. mm. mm. mm. mm.
Abdomen o........ 18-19 19-20 17-20 18:5-19°5 | 18:5-20 19-21
black 2 ......8. . bows a a 18-19 | 185-20
orange 9 ........ 19-20 21 20°5 19-20 16-20°5 18-21°5
Hind wing d ........ 12-13 13°5-14 11-13 12°5-13 13-14 13-15
black 9 ........ a bees a bee 13°5 15
orange 2 .....66- 14 15°5 13°5 14 13-15 13-17
Hab. Untrep States, San Felipe valley 2300 feet (coll. Adams: 8 3,2 27), San
Bernardino [P. C. Truman: 2 3,1 9 |, Los Angeles [A. Davidson: 2 ¢ | (coll. P. P.C.,
types of I. exstriata) (coll. Adams: 4 6, 1 2), in California, Arizona (MZ. CL Z,
C. U. lot 85: 8 3,2 9, see footnote, p. 104); Lower Cattrornia, San Fernando >.—
Mexico!, Durango (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit, coll. Calif.
Acad. Sci.: 1 3, 1 2), Queretaro (Deam: 1 3), Acambaro (Rhoads: 9 3, 1 2),
Morelia? [3 ¢, 6 2 |, Patzcuaro [1 2] (Godman) (Rhoads: 28 3, 2 bl. 2, 25 9;
Deam), Uruapam (Rhoads: 2 2), Mexico city (Schumann, H. H. Smith, Godman,
Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P.C.: 25 3,2b1. 2,52 2), Tacuba [1 ¢,1 2 |, Chapultepec
[1 ¢, 4 2], Pefion [5 g, 2 9], Tacubaya [1 3, 2 2), Jalapa [4 6,1 2] (Barrett,
colls. Adams, P. P. C.), Orizaba (H. H. Smith and F. D. Godman: 5 3,2 2), Santa
_ Maria, Puebla (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3,2 2), Cuernavaca *, San Angel (Deam).
In California February to October, in Mexico March to December, are the dates of
capture for the above-quoted material.
* Two abnormalities in venation may be mentioned here:—One male from Patzcuaro has only one ante-
cubital on the right hind wing, situated at the level of the submedian cross-vein. One female from Orizaba
has the first antecubital on the right hind wing only about as far from the second as the costal space is wide,
and it crosses only the costal, not the subcostal, space.
+ In this list, unless “ bl. 2 ” is expressly stated, the figures given are for orange females.
128 NEUROPTERA.
For this abundant and interesting species it is remarkable (1) that the proportion of
black to orange females should be so small, viz. 4: 108—all previous descriptions '~®
refer to the orange form; (2) all of the few (6) females from California and Arizona
possess the vulvar spine—of the 106 from Mexico it is present in but two; (3) in spite
of the fewer postcubitals in the California and Arizona individuals, their wings are not
invariably shorter than those from Mexican localities.
(4. Ischnura cervula.
Ischnura cervula, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 262 (1876) *; Calvert, Proc. Acad. Sci. (2) iv.
p. 497, t. 15. fig. 3 (apps. ¢) (1895) *.
g. Hind margin of prothorax convex medially for a distance equal to one-half the width of the entire hind
lobe; more elevated than in I. demorsa and without median notch ; less elevated than in I. perparva
and with the sides curved, not straight.
Q (black and orange). Abdominal segment 8 blue, often a blackish mark each side; 9 black on dorsum, sides
blue which rises upward on to the dorsum near apex (this in correction of my previous very brief
description *).
Hab. Unrrep States, Seattle and Olympia, Washington (0. B. Johnson, T. Kincaid,
coll. P. P. C.), California! 2, Tucson, Arizona (M.C.Z.: 1 @ ), Santa Fé, New Mexico ? ;
Lower CaLirornia, Comondu 2, San Ignacio 2.
Quite likely to be found on the mainland of Mexico. A female from Olympia has
complete pale antehumeral stripes. |
5. Ischnura demorsa. (Tab. V. fig. 35.)
Agrion demorsum, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 81 (1861) ’.
Ischnura demorsa, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 261 (1876) *.
As the previous descriptions are based upon a single male, the following may be added :—
g. Hagen! does not mention any black on the abdominal segments 8 and 9; only one, from Arizona, is so,
although two others from that State and four from Acambaro have a very little black on 8 and none
on 9; all others have a lateral black stripe each side at least at base ; a very short black stripe on each
side of 9 at base exists only on 1 ¢ Santa Fé, 1 ¢ Arizona, 2 ¢ Durango. Although Hagen * describes
the superior appendages as two-branched in almost the same words as he employs for his I. credulum, and
Mr. Henshaw writes that he finds them two-branched in the type, I cannot see such a condition, but find
each appendage to be unbranched, bent downward in its apical half, and generally as in I. perparva.
Pterostigma of the front wings usually rounded on its posterior side, rarely straight; that of the hind
wings usually much smaller.
9 (black). Nasus black, with metallic-green reflections ; postocular spots circular, blue or green, not confluent
with the pale colouring of the rear of the head; a small isolated pale spot on each side of the dorsum of
the middle prothoracic lobe; black humeral stripe more than half as wide as the black mid-dorsal stripe,
from which it is separated by a complete pale green antehumeral stripe which is somewhat less than half
as wide asthe humeral; dorsum of segments 1-10 black; pterostigma luteous, rhomboidal, nearly equi-
lateral, surmounting less than one cell.
? (orange). Nasus black, with metallic-green reflection, narrowly bordered with orange along its free margin ;
postocular spots orange, confluent with the same colour on the rear of the head; a small isolated pale
spot on each side of the middle prothoracic lobe ; black humeral stripe reduced to a line with a consequent |
widening of the orange antehumeral stripe, which becomes more than half as wide as the black mid-
ISCHNURA. 129
dorsal; abdomen largely orange, becoming yellowish posteriorly, with the following dark metallic green
parts on the dorsum—a basal spot on segment 1; a median line on 2, having an anteapical transverse
line across it; a median line on 3, except at base, expanded into a wide spot on the apical fourth; a
broad mid-dorsal stripe on 4-7 (except for the basal tenth or twelfth, which remains yellow), more or
less constricted at three-fourths the length of the segment, and subsequently widened ; a stripe each side
of 8, the two confluent in basal third, or for most or all of the segment; a spot each side of 9 in
basal half.
Some females which appear to be intermediate between the black and orange specimens differ from the latter
as follows :—postocular spots blue, isolated pale prothoracic spots sometimes absent, humeral stripe wider,
segments 2 and 3 marked similarly to 4—7.
A number of females, evidently more aged and having some pruinosity, have the entire dorsal surface of the
thorax and abdomen obscure, blackish. In some of these it is possible to trace the outline of postocular
spots similar to those of orange females, and confluent with the pale colouring of the rear of the head.
In others, the postocular spots have entirely disappeared ; judging from analogy with J. verticals, Say,
of the eastern United States, these latter may have been either of the black or of the orange form.
An examination of 46 females gives 44 without any vulvar spine, 1 (Acambaro) with an extremely small
spine, 1 (Missoula, if it really be of this species) with a small spine.
The pterostigma of the hind wings is not infrequently markedly smaller than that of the front wings in this
sex also, although of similar shape and colour.
Postcubitals: ¢ front wings 8-6, majority with 7; hind wings 7-5, majority with 6. 2 front wings 10-8,
9 and 8 of equal frequency ; hind wings 7—6, majority with 7. These figures, based on thirty individuals,
are in accord with the conditions found in the other species of Ischnura here treated.
Dimensions :— Arizona. Durango. | Acambaro.
mm. mm. mm.
Abdomen ¢...... se eens 18:5-21 18°5-20 18-21
black @ ............ vee 19 eee
orange 2 .........6.. 18°5-21°5 20 19-21
Hind wing ¢ ............ 11:5-13 11-12 12°5-14
black 9 .........05. Lae 15 a
orange 9 ........0-.. 13-15°5 15 14-15
Hab. Unrrep States, Missoula, Montana (Elrod: 1 2); Denver, Colorado (Beales :
1 @); Santa Fé and Lone Mt. [Cockerell: 1 ¢, 1 9 *|, Faywood [W. J. Gerhard:
lor. 9], New Mexico; Tucson [Kunze: 5 g,1 9] (coll. P. P.C.); Arizona (M,C. Z.,
C. U. lot 35: 10 g, lor. 2,6 2, see footnote, p. 104).—Mexico, Durango (Barrett,
coll. P. P. C.: 4.3, lor. 2, 1bl. 2, 8 2), Aguas Calientes (LZ. 0. Howard, U. 8.
N. M.: 14,12), Acambaro [22 ¢, 6 or. 2,17 9], Morelia! ?, Patzcuaro [1 ¢
1 or. 2] (Rhoads), Tacuba (Barrett, coll. McLachlan: 1 2), Mexico city (Barrett,
colls. Adams, P. P.C.: 2 6,1 2).
In the United States April to July; in Mexico March (Acambaro), October
(Durango), December (Mexico city).
The identification of the female from Montana is rather doubtful; it inclines toward
I. perparva, the male of which I have from the same locality and date.
The females of [. demorsa are very much like those of J. verticalis, Say ; the latter
has a flatter prothorax, evident in the shape of the hind margin, which is almost
* In this list unquestionably orange and black females are mentioned as “or. 2” and bl. 2 ” respectively ; ;
older females, which may have been either, are simply enumerated as “ 9.”
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., February 1903. | . Ss
130 NEUROPTERA.
straight, produced medially as a small rounded lobule; orange females of J. verticalis
have the metallic green on the abdominal dorsum covering more of the sides, not
constricted anteapically, and the basal yellow rings on segments 4-7 much narrower,
medially interrupted.
The disagreement with Hagen’s description of the superior appendages of the male,
noted above, is rather significant, and I cannot explain it, except by suggesting an
individual abnormality in the type. Mr. Henshaw has kindly compared one of these
males with the type, and says that the inferiors agree, and they are very characteristic.
(6. Ischnura perparva.
Ischnura perparva, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 263 (1876)'; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (2) iv. p. 494, t. 15. fig. 4 (apps. g) (1895) *.
Ischnura defiva, Selys, loc. cit. p. 261 (1876) * (excl. syn.).
Hab. Bririsu Cotumsta, Victoria (R. Osburn, in litt.).—Unitep States, Washington 7;
Missoula, Montana [Elrod]; California? °; Reno, Nevada | /. . Hillman] (coll. P. P.C.);
City Creek Cafion, Utah (H. Skinner, coll. A. N. S.); Colorado? ; San Gerénimo, New
Mexico (A. Gulick, P. P. C. det.) ; Texas ®.
Doubtless occurs in Mexico. It may also be added that Dr. Skinner has taken a
male of Ischnura verticalis, Say, at Beulah, New Mexico. |
| ANOMALAGRION.
Anomalagrion, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p, 469 (1857); Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 254
(1876); Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 140 (1890).
As in Ischnura, there are two colour-forms of the female—one black, one orange ;
the former coloured like the male on the head, the latter coloured more like the male
on the abdomen. There is but, one known species.
1. Anomalagrion hastatum.
Agrion hastatum, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 88 (1839)*; Selys, in Sagra’s Hist.
Cuba, Ins. p. 470 (1857)’; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 77 (1861)’.
Anomalagrion hastatum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 255 (1876) *; Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc. xx. p. 240 (1893) °; Elrod, Ent. News, ix. p. 8 (1898) °; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 49
(1899) *; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 280, t. 4. fig. 8 (apex front wing g) (1900) *;
Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 382 (1901) °*.
Agrion anomalum, Rambur, Ins. Nevr. p. 281 (1842) *.
Agrion venerinotata, Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1844, p. 55”.
Hab. Unrrep States, Maine to Florida, west to Iowa and Texas !~® (colls. P.P.C,
Adams).—Muxico, Linares, Nuevo Leon (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Tepic (Hisen
& Vaslit, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 or. 9, 1 2), Acambaro ( Rhoads: 1 2), Vera Cruz
(H. H. Smith: 16, 1b1. 2,1 or. 2 *), Cuernavaca (Barrett, colis. Adams, P. P. C.,
* In this list undoubtedly black and orange females are indicated by the first two letters of these adjectives ;
older females which have been either black or orange are not distinguished by any prefix.
ANOMALAGRION.—CERATURA. 131
Deam: 2bl. 2,2 or. 2), Jojutla [2 2], Iguala[1 ¢ | (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Frontera
(Hl. H. Smith: 1 or. 9); Guaremata, San Gerénimo 3000 feet (Champion: 1 or. ¢ ).
—VENEZUELA, Merida? 4; West Inpius, Cuba?~4, Hayti (UAler>); Gatapacos Is.,
Albemarle? [3 ¢, 3 9 ], Chatham [1 6] (U.S. W. I).
Some of the published descriptions? ® seem to imply that all the legs of the black
females have an external black line, but such is lacking on the second and third pairs
of tibie *. Ido not find the median emargination of the hind prothoracic lobe of the
black females mentioned by Mr. Currie®. Females now before me from Pennsylvania,
Alabama, Tepic, and San Gerdnimo, Guat., indicate that the orange of orange females
becomes blackish on the abdomen, even while the confluent character of their postocular
spots is still evident; finally all trace of the postocular spots disappears. Pruinose
females of this species (e. g., from Jojutla and Iguala) may have been either of the
black or of the orange form.
CERATURA.
Ceratura, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 251 (1876); Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 139 (1890).
In this genus, which comprises one of the smallest known species of Odonata, three
differently coloured females (‘ black,” “orange,” and “ citron”) exist, with one form
of male. Unlike [schnura and Anomalagrion, the postocular spots in all three females
are confluent with the pale colour of the head; in the male they are not confluent. The
only species is the following :—
1. Ceratura capreola. (Tab. V. fig. 26.)
Agrion capreolus, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 78 (1861) ’.
Ceratura capreola, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 252 (1876)*; Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica,
ii. p. 261 (1896)°; Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xi. no. 240, p. 2 (1896)‘; Prinzessin
Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 268 (1900) °.
6. Blue on abdominal segment 8 in all the Mexican and Honduras examples in the form of an apical spot on
each side, although in one from Vera Cruz the two spots are separated merely by a line of black.
@ (black). Dorsum of abdominal segment 1 chiefly dark brown or black in all the materiaf"before me, instead
of orange as de Selys states*. However, one from Lima may be an immature black female and it has
lorange. |
Q (orange). Labrum with a transverse basal black line in all the material before me, instead of entirely yellow
as de Selys states ”.
Hab. Mexico, Texolo (Rhoads: 1 3), Vera Cruz [4 3, 4 bl. 2, I or. 2), Teapa
[3 ¢, 2bl. 9, lor. 9] (A. H. Smith); Guaremata, Champerico (Champion: 4 2,
5 or. 9); Honpuras (coll. P. P. C, ex coll. R. Martin: 1 3); Panama, Darien
(Dr. Festa +). — CotomBta, Barranquilla®; Guiana, Essequibo (Schmidt: 1 citr. 2,
“< glandestinum,” Hagen, MS.); Perv, Lima [1 immature bl. 9, 1 citr. 9, “floridum,”
Hagen, MS.] (MU. C. Z.); Braziu} (coll. P. P. C., ex coll. R. Martin: 1 ¢,1dl. 2,
1 citr. 2), Pernambuco (Veilenmann, M.C. Z.: 1 citr. 2 ), Rio Janeiro”, Entre Rios ?,
* Not femora, as stated in the key, p. 102, line 28, by oversight.
s2
132 NEUROPTERA.
Copa Cabana 2, Santa Cruz ?, Sao Paulo (Hempel, coll. A. N.8S.: 1 ¢,lor. @,1citr. 2),
Santa Anna do Japana (Moenkhaus, coll. Adams: 1 citr. 2), Rio Grande do Sul (coll.
P. P.C.,ex coll. Selys: 1 3,1 or. 9); West Inpiss, Cuba? (Wright, M. C.Z.: 1 bl. 2 ),
Jamaica 3, Puerto Rico ! 2.
The Mexican specimens were taken between January and April.
The citron, orange, and black females are distinguished by the absence of black on
the thorax, by the possession of a mid-dorsal black thoracic stripe only, and by the
possession of black mid-dorsal and humeral stripes, respectively. The citron female
is not yet known outside South America. The name floridum, without any description,
was used by Hagen! (J. ¢. p. 810). The individuals from Brazil, of both sexes, have
usually one more postcubital on both front (7) and hind (6) wings than the majority
of Mexican and Central-American examples possess.
Legion 4. PROTONEURA.
The following characteristics apply to the members of this legion * which I have
been able to examine, whether from the Old or the New World; they have not been
mentioned by de Selys in his general descriptions of 1860 and 1886.
Antenodal cells two f on all the wings; females without a vulvar spine ; tarsal claw usually toothed, although
the tooth is very small in Neoneura palustris, and is absent in Selysioneura.
The genera of the present fauna are separable as follows, some of the characters
being here stated for the first time :—
I. Median lobe of the Jabium bifid in its apical fifth at most, the two divisions so
formed being hardly as long as the width of the interval separating them ; the
normal submedian cross-vein nearer to the second antecubital than to the first ;
a second, or supplementary, submedian cross-vein between the base of the wings
and the level of the first antecubital; superior sector of the triangle ending
beyond the half of the wing; a rudiment of the inferior sector of the triangle
present, which ends against the lower side of the quadrilateral at one-third or
less of the length of the latter; biserial hairs of the basal half of the second
and third tibize more than twice as long as the intervals separating them ; most
of the cells of the apical third of the wing with their longer diameters at right
angles to the longitudinal veins; nodal sector arising near the seventh post-
cubital or more remote (oftenest near the ninth) on the front wings, near the
sixth or more remote on the hind wings; ultra-nodal sector arising at least
seven (front wings) or eight (hind wings) cells proximal to the pterostigma ;
18-29 postcubitals on the front wings, 17-26 on the hind . . . . . . . PaLmMnema.
* T regard this legion as possessing the most specialized venation, by reduction, of all the Agrionine, and
hence cannot agree with Prof. Férster’s view that his Selysioneura is the most primitive of all known Proto-
neuran genera [Termeszetrajzi Fiizetek, xxii. p. 108 (1900)], if “ primitivste ” implies an “ Urthier.”
_ + The only exceptions appear to be Protosticta simplicinervis and Platysticta auriculata of Celebes and New
Guinea, which have three (Selys, 1886, p. 157).
PALEMNEMA, | 133
II. Median lobe of the labium bifid in its apical half to two-fifths, the two divisions
so formed being often twice as long as the width of the interval separating
them ; the normal submedian cross-vein nearer the first antecubital than the
second, or nearly midway between the two; no supplementary submedian
cross-vein ; superior sector of the triangle ending at less than half the length
of the wing ; biserial hairs on the basal half of the second and third tibize
equal to or shorter than the intervals separating them; cells of the wings
generally with their longer diameters parallel to the longitudinal veins.
A. Inferior sector of the triangle present but very short, ending against the
cross-vein descending from the distal end of the quadrilateral*; nodal
sector arising nearest the fourth postcubital on the front wings, nearest the
third on the hind ; superior sector of the triangle ending a little after the vein
descending from the nodus *; 9-11 postcubitals on the front wings, 7-10 on
the hind; superior appendages of the males quite complicated . . . . . NeonEURA.
AA. Inferior sector of the triangle entirely absent ; nodal sector arising nearest
the fifth or sixth postcubital on the front wings, nearest the fourth or fifth
on the hind; 9-14 postcubitals on the front wings, 7-12 on the hind;
femora not compressed . 2. © 2. 1 1 1 we ee ee ee ee ee) 6 PROTONEURA.
The above statement of the characters of these three genera } is based on a statistical
study of the material hereinafter listed, on an examination of a few specimens of
Neoneura carnatica, N. palustris, an undescribed species of the same genus from Peru,
Protoneura capillaris, P. sp. from Brazil, and on the existing literature.
PALZMNEMA.
Palemnema, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 434 (1860)'; Mem. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii.
p- 145 (1886) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 182 (1890)°*.
Two species of this genus} have been described1?2 from Venezuela; five others
belong to the present fauna, and are distinguished as follows :—
1. Wings of male with the apical fourth to fifth dark brown, which begins about
seven cells proximal to the pterostigma; inner margin of superior appendages
of male not distinctly angulate where the appendages widen to form the apical
* For some variations, see the footnotes, infra, under Neoneura.
+ From an examination of some larval wings of the legion Agrion, it would appear that the vein called
“inferior sector of the triangle” by de Selys and later authors, including myself, is in reality composed of
two parts: a proximal portion corresponding to the anal vein of Comstock and Needham (Amer. Nat. xxxii.
pp. 904-5, figs. 61, 62), and a distal portion equivalent to the second branch of the cubital. The point of
junction of these two parts is at the cross-vein descending from the apex of the quadrilateral. If this be
correct, then in Meonewra and in Palemnema the distal part of the inferior sector (Cu, of C. and N .) has been
lost, in Neoneura the proximal part remains, in Palemnema only a portion of the proximal part remains, in
Protoneura both distal and proximal parts have entirely disappeared. (Cf. Tab. VI. figg. 6-9.)
+ De Selys has remarked (J. c.* p. 146): “ La paulina et sa race destderata imitent assez bien par la coloration
opaque du bout des ailes la Paraphlebia zoe de la méme contrée.” The resemblances to which he thus refers
134 NEUROPTERA.
half, the widening being gradual, a small acute tooth on the upper surface of
the superiors at one-fourth their length, a distinct interval between this tooth
and the widening of the inner margin. Female unknown. . . . lL. desiderata.
2. Wings of the male with the apical seventh to eighth dark brown, which begins
at the level of the proximal end, or of the middle, of the pterostigma ; inner
margin of superior appendages of male distinctly angulate at two-thirds their
length, where the appendages widen to form the apical third, an acute superior
tooth on the superiors at one-third their length, with a distinct interval or
notch between this tooth and the angulation of the inner margin. Female
unknown. 2. ee ee ee ee ee we ew eR, patulina.
3. Wings of both sexes without distinct brown markings.
a, Superior appendages of male as above described for P. paulina . . . . . 3. angelina.
aa. Superior appendages of male with the inner margin not distinctly angulate
where the appendages widen to form the apical ¢hird, the widening being
gradual, a larger acute tooth on the upper surface at one-third their length,
a distinct interval between this tooth and the widening of the inner
margin... . . coe eee ~ . 6 « 4 nathalia.
aaa. Superior appendages of male with the : inner margin not distinctly angulate
where the appendages widen to form the apical alf, the widening being
eradual, an obtuse tooth-like projection on the upper surface at almost half
their length, there being consequently no interval between this tooth and the
widening of the inner margin when the appendage is viewed from above . 5. domina.
embrace the following :—The general facies, particularly in the colour-pattern of the wings, which is shown
in the parallel series of species of the two genera—thus Palemnema desiderata resembles Paraphlebia zoe and
P. quinta, Palemnema paulina, Drury, nec Selys, is similar to Paraphlebia duodecima, Palemnema angelina and
P. nathalia to Paraphlebia hyalina (cf. pp. 59-61, 133-134) (this parallelism suggests instances of Lepidopterous
mimicry, but the needful field observations are lacking); the extent to which the middle lobe of the labium is
bifid; the length of the biserial hairs on the tibie; the presence of a second or supplementary submedian
cross-vein ; the superior sector of the triangle reaching to beyond the half of the wings; and the large
forcipated superior appendages of the males. The differences between the two genera are, on the other hand,
quite considerable. In addition to those already given (antea, p. 51) as separating their respective legions,
they include the greater width and rounder tips of the wings of Paraphlebia; the different position of the
supplementary submedian cross-vein, which in Paraphlebia lies under the quadrilateral beyond its middle;
the point of origin of the inferior sector of the triangle—at the normal submedian cross-vein, proximal to the
arculus, in Palemnema, usually at the supplementary submedian cross-vein, distal to the arculus, in Paraphlebia ;
the normal submedian cross-vein of Paraphlebia is nearer to the first than to the second antecubital; quadri-
lateral reaching to beyond the level of the nodus in Paraphlebia, not as far as the nodus in Palemnema ; in
most species of Paraphlebia (see p. 59) the median sector arises at or slightly beyond the vein descending from
the nodus, the subnodal beyond that vein, while in Palemnema the median sector arises proximal to the vein
descending from the nodus, the subnodal sector at that vein; the shapes of the pterostigmata and of the
superior appendages of the males. These differences appear to me to render it unlikely that Palemnema could
have arisen by reduction of venation from a Paraphlebia-like ancestor.
There are rather greater resemblances in venation between Palemnema and Heteragrion, but there are also
such differences as the points of origin of the median and subnodal sectors. The wings of such a Philogenia
PALEMNEMA. 135
I have used the male-appendages to separate these species in conjunction with the
presence or absence of dark brown on the wing-tips, because the material before me
seems to negative the specific distinctions employed by de Selys, such as the point of
termination of the superior sector of the triangle, the size of the pterostigma and the
number of cells it surmounts, the coloration of the prothorax, the point of origin of
the nodal sector, &c. At the same time it should be pointed out that I have, in most
species, only a single male with the appendages present. If future material should
prove these organs not to be constant in their shapes, P. angelina, P. nathalia, and
P. domina, not to mention others, will apparently have to be considered as forming a
single species. As to the females, I have grouped them chiefly by size and locality
with corresponding males, as I can find no other characters.
1. Palemnema desiderata. (Tab. V. fig. 39.)
Palemnema desiderata, Selys, Mem. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 146 (1886) *.
? Palemnema paulina (nec Drury), Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 434 (1860) ?; Mem. Couron.
Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 146 (1886) *.
The Presidio male, taken in July, is the only individual I have seen; it agrees better with the description ? of
P. paulina, Selys, than with that of P. desiderata*, but has the sides of the thorax blue instead of yellow;
a small superior tooth on the superior appendages at one-fourth their length, not mentioned in any
account cited above (see Tab. V. fig. 39); superior sector of the triangle ending 6 cells beyond the level
of origin of the ultra-nodal sector on the front wings, 9 on the hind; pterostigma on the front wing
surmounting 4-5 cells, its costal edge measuring 1-4 mm. long; postcubitals 28-29 on front wings, 25-26
on hind; abdomen 44 mm., hind wing 31 mm.
Hab. Muxico ' (Ghiesbreght?), Presidio in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 ¢).
The description! of P. desiderata is purely comparative; de Selys himself said of
this form that it “n’est probablement qu'une race, peut-étre méme une variété
individuelle” of his P. paulina. Judging from the other material of this genus which
I have studied, I incline to the opinion that the characters he employed to separate
P. desiderata are not of specific, or even varietal, value. If it should hereafter be
proved that P. desiderata, Selys, and P. paulina, Selys, are distinct, the latter will
require a new name, owing to the change introduced under the following species.
as P. helena, from Bogota, also offer some interesting comparisons with Palemnema, but here again there are
notable differences, as in the points of origin of the lower sector of the triangle and the position of the normal
submedian cross-vein. ,
These comparisons of Palamnema with genera of the legion Podagrion have been suggested not only by the
above-quoted remark of de Selys but also by another of his:—“ Par sa réticulution incomplete elle [i. e. the
genus Hemtphlebia | peut-étre considérée comme la derniére parmi les Agrionines 4 quadrilatére en trapéze (Légions
Lestes et Agrion), comme les Protoneura sont les derniers sous un rapport analogue parmi les Agrionines &
quadrilatére régulier (Légions Pseudostigma—Podagrion—et Platycnemis). Ce n’est, en effet, qu’en deux
séries paralléles que l'on peut classer convenablement les Agrionines et non en une ligne continue” [Bull.
Acad. Belg. (2) xliii. p. 158 (1877)]. The italics are mine, but I may add that, after all, the distinction based
on the shape of the quadrilateral may not prove to be so important as it has been considered to be.
136 NEUROPTERA.
2. Palemnema paulina. (Tab. V. fig. 40.)
Libellula paulina, Drury, Il. Exot. Ent. ii. t. 46. fig. 4 (entire insect) and Index (1773)’.
Lestes paulina, ibid., Westwood’s edit. (1837) *.
Euphea paulina, Rambur, Névr. p. 281 (1842)°.
Palemnema paulina, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 72 (1861) * [nec Selys (1860, 1886) ].
The following is a brief description of the two males examined: superior sector of the triangle ending 5-9 cells
beyond the level of origin of the ultra-nodal sector on both pairs of wings; pterostigma on front wings
surmounting 24-4 cells, its costal edge measuring 1-2-1°5 mm. long; postcubitals 24-29 on front wings,
21-25 on hind. Abdomen 41 mm., hind wing 29:5-32 mm.
Hab. Mexico (U. S. N. M.: 1 6), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 1 6);
Honpvuras, Bay of Honduras !.
It seems necessary to separate the insects described under the specific name of paulina
by Drury and by de Selys for the following reasons :—Drury’s figure 1 shows the brown on
the wings to occupy the terminal eighth ; de Selys describes the apical fourth as brown.
The two males above cited agree with Drury’s figure; only one of them, that from
Atoyac taken in May, has the appendages present, and these differ from those of the
only male I have seen agreeing with de Selys’s description of P. paulina (cf. Tab. V.
fige. 39, 40, and p. 135, anted).
3. Palemnema angelina. (Tab. VI. fig. 7.)
Palemnema angelina, Selys, Bull, Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 435 (1860) *; Mem. Couron. Acad. Belg.
XXXVili. p. 147 (1886) *.
Of the material at hand only one male has the appendages present, and these are almost identical with those
of P. paulina figured on Tab. V. fig. 40, nor can 1 find any differences in venation or in pterostigma.
Superior sector of the triangle ending 4-6 cells beyond the level of origin of the ultra-nodal on the front
wings, 4-7 on the hind. Pterostigma of the front wings surmounting 24 (or 13, if the Zapote female
belongs here) to 34 cells, its costal edge measuring 11-15 mm. long. Postcubitals on the front wings
21-23 gf, 21-26 @; on the hind wings 18-21 g, 19-22 9. Abdomen, ¢ 37°5, 9 30-34; hind wing,
3 9, 24-28 mm.
Hab. Muxico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 3 6,2 9); Guatz-
MALAI, Zapote (Champion: 1 2); Honpuras ?.
The Atoyac individuals were taken in May.
4. Palemnema nathalia, (Tab. V. fig. 41.)
Palemnema nathalia, Selys, Mem. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviil. p. 147 (1886) ’.
Superior sector of the triangle ending 1-3 cells beyond the level of origin of the ultra-nodal sector on the front
wings, 5-6 on the hind. Pterostigma on the front wings surmounting 13-2 cells, its costal edge
measuring 1 mm. long; postcubitals on the front wings 18-21, on the hind 17-19, in both sexes.
Abdomen, ¢ 34-365, 9 31; hind wing, ¢ 9, 23-24 mm. Both sexes have a black line on the second
lateral thoracic suture.
- Hab. Panama! (coll. P. P. C., ex coll. Selys: 1 3, 1 ).— VENEZUELA, Maento (Lyon
& Robinson, U.S. N. M.: 1 2). | ;
PALZMNEMA.—NEONEURA. 137
Were it not for the difference in the shape of the male-appendages, I should hesitate
to separate this pair from the individuals which I have above referred to P. angelina.
5. Palemnema domina, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 42.)
Palemnema domina, Hagen, in litt.
Hind lobe of prothorax entirely blue, without black markings, a black stripe on the second lateral thoracic
suture. Superior sector of the triangle ending 4-6 cells beyond the level of the origin of the ultra-nodal
sector on the front wings, 7-8 on the hind. Pterostigma on the front wings surmounting 2-3 cells, its
eostal edge measuring 1-1-1 mm. long. Posteubitals on the front wings 20-21 ¢,18 9, on the hind
wings 18 ¢,17 9. Abdomen of both sexes partially destroyed; hind wing ¢ 23, 2 24mm.
Hab. Mexico, Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 6,1 9).
The only justification of the separation of this pair from P. angelina or P. nathalia
is in the shape of the male-appendages *, briefly described on p. 134 and figured on
our Plate. Both male and female appear to be teneral.
NEONEURA.
Neoneura, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 459 (1860)*; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii.
p. 198 (1886) °
Cenoneura, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 136 (1890) °.
Mr. Kirby ® has apparently rejected the name Neoneura on the ground of the existence
of the name Neoneurus proposed by Haliday in the Hymenoptera in 1838. I revert to
de Selys’s name for the same reasons that have caused me to retain [schnura, which
presents a parallel case (vide supra, p. 122).
Two species of this genus have been described from the Antilles, and six others from
South America. Two new forms are represented in the Central-American or Texan fauna,
and are referable to a group characterized by de Selys? as having the first transverse vein
distal to that descending from the simple nodus at the hind margin of the wing, ending
a little more remote than the tip of the superior sector of the triangle, the superior
appendages of the male with a short inferior branch, the abdominal dorsum black, with
a pale dorsal line on most of the segments. In this group de Selys placed the two
Antillean species and two from Parad. The two new forms appear to be peculiar in
this genus in having the inferior appendages of the males longer than, instead of equal
to or shorter than, the superiors. Of the female sex of N. ametia I have not sufficient
material to venture a brief statement of its difference from WV. aaroni; reference must
therefore be made to the following descriptions. The males, besides differing in their
appendages, as shown in Tab. V. figg. 36, 37, may be distinguished as follows :—
Dorsum of abdominal segments 2 and 3 chiefly orange-red. . . . « . - « « « amelia.
Dorsum of the same brown or black, 3 with a pale mid-dorsal line . . . . . . . ([aaroni.]
* The appendages were accidentally destroyed after the figure and the brief description were made.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., April 1903. t
138 NEUROPTERA.
1. Neoneura amelia, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 36; Tab. VI. fig. 8.)
&. Dorsal surface of the head, thorax, and first three abdominal segments bright orange-red, with the following
black markings: often a basal line on the labrum and on the clypeus, a spot on the mandible, an
anteriorly-trilobed spot on the vertex, the middle lobe of which fills up the space between the ocelli, and
whose lateral lobes are each prolonged as a fine line to a spot behind each antenna touching the eye-
margin; posteriorly this trilobed spot is confluent with the black which covers most of the rear of the
head; a second spot on the vertex touching the eye-margin behind the one already described, and which
is usually narrowly connected along the eye-margin with the black of the rear of the head ; between this
spot and the trilobed spot a small subeircular spot, with one or both of which it may be connected * ; a
mid-dorsal stripe on the anterior prothoracic lobe, a mid-dorsal line and a small spot each side on the
middle prothoracic lobe, a mid-dorsal thoracic stripe whose edges are somewhat crenate and whose
anterior end expands into an inverted head of a FT at the anterior mesothoracic border; a humeral stripe
whose width varies much throughout its course, and which unites below with a variable mesepimeral *
stripe (each antehumeral orange-red area is about three times as wide as the black mid-dorsal stripe), a
line on the second lateral thoracic suture, often a metepimeral stripe, a mid-ventral streak behind the
third legs, a little more than the basal dorsal half of abdominal segment 1, a lateral stripe for the entire
length of 2 and 3, rings on the intersegmental articulations, almost all of 4-10 (except a narrow, pale
green or yellow, transverse basal ring on 4-6 or 7 which is confluent with a fine pale mid-dorsal line
extending for almost the entire Jength of these segments), and the superior surfaces of the femora and of
the first (and sometimes also the second) tibiae in older individuals. The following parts are yellowish : the
labium, a pair of spots on the rear of the head near the posterior foramen, a narrow stripe along the eye-
margins inferiorly, sometimes a pair of very small occipital spots on the black trilobed spot of the vertex,
sides of the thorax between the black stripes, and the feet, except as above stated.
Hind margin of the prothorax slightly produced and convex medially, somewhat concave on each side.
Superior appendages about half as long as 10; viewed from above rather thick, blunt, with a transverse groove
extending from the ner margin almost to the outer; this groove is in reality a considerable excavation
on the distal surface of the appendage, as may be seen by viewing it at various angles; below this
excavation, also on the distal surface, is a second groove running obliquely from the inner margin of the
appendage upward and outward; the borders of these excavations or grooves are variously tuberculated,
thus giving the appendage a quite complicated appearance, as shown in our figure. Inferior appendages
longer than the superiors, but not so long as segment 10, simple, conical, directed upward.
@. Orange-red of the g replaced by pale greenish-yellow, the following markings black: a basal line on the
labrum, a spot on each mandible, a pair of spots on the clypeus, the rear of the head superiorly (but not
below), a pair of spots on the middle prothoracic lobe, a line of interrupted dots and dashes along each
side of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina, a line on the humeral and second lateral thoracic sutures, a point
on the middle of the area between the last two, the base of abdominal segment 1 dorsally, a lateral stripe
each side of 2 and the venter of 2. (The remainder of the abdomen and the feet have been lost.)
3 9. Wings hyaline, sometimes faintly smoky, arculus usually (67 °/, front wings, 71°5 °/, hind wings) situated
slightly beyond the second antecubital, but in some specimens either at that vein or distinctly beyond it ;
inferior sector of the triangle usually arising at the submedian cross-vein (91°5°/, front wings, 74°3 °/,
hind), or beyond it ; ultra-nodal sector arising 2-5 cells proximal to the inner brace vein of the ptero-
stigma on the front wings, 2-4 on the hind; postcubitals, front wings, 9-11, mostly 10 (64°3 °/,), hind
wings 7-9, mostly 8 (57 °/,) in the ¢, 10 in the single 2; pterostigma rhomboidal, brown, surmounting
slightly less than one cell 7.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25-27; hind wing, ¢ 16-17, 2 17:5 mm.
* Two of the Livingston males have the spots on the vertex and the mesepimeral stripe almost entirely
absent.
ft In one hind wing (¢ ) the superior sector of the triangle reaches to the vein next distal to that descending
from the nodus, and between the sector and the hind margin there is an additional cell. In one front
wing (¢ ) the vein next distal to that descending from the nodus is forked, and the superior sector of the triangle
reaches to between the two branches of the fork. These abnormalities, and those noted in the footnote to
NEONEURA. 139
Hab. Mexico, Medellin near Vera Cruz [1 ¢ in fragments], Rio Grijalva, Teapa in
Tabasco [1 3] (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Cubilguitz in Vera Paz (Champion: 30 ¢ ),
Livingston (ZH. Wilson, M.C. Z.: 43,1 2).
At Medellin and Teapa in January, at Livingston between February and April.
[2. Neoneura aaroni, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 37.)
3 (a, very young). Very pale (blue or yellow? in life) with the following blackish markings: three dots at
base of labrum, two on clypeus, two on frons in front of the ocelli, two on each side of vertex at eye-
margins, one on each end of occiput, a short transverse streak at the location of each postocular spot of
various genera of the legion Agrion, an interrupted line on each side of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina
and on the second lateral thoracic suture, a complete line on the humeral suture, a short superior line on
the upper end of the obsolete first lateral suture, narrow rings at the articulations of the abdominal
segments, apical eighth of 3-6; 8 and 9 obscure. |
3 (6, older stage). Pale brown appears on the dorsal surface of head and thorax, the postocular streaks are
larger and united with an anteriorly-trilobed vertex-spot, the middle lobe of which occupies the area
enclosed by the ocelli, the line along each side of the mid-dorsal carina is uninterrupted, pale brown
appears on the sides of 3-7 leaving only a transverse basal ring and a mid-dorsal line of the original pale
colour, 8 and 9 much darker. Even at this stage there is a slight but distinct pruinosity on the darker
parts of head and thorax.
3 (c¢, oldest stage represented). Dorsal surface of the head (as far back as the ocelli) and the thoracic dorsum
bright brick-red, the former with the black dots as described above for a, the trilobed vertex-spot
described for 6 darker, blackish, more sharply defined, and confluent posteriorly with black covering almost
the entire rear of the head; a mid-dorsal thoracic and a humeral stripe black, leaving the bright red
antehumeral area between them twice to equally as wide as the mid-dorsal stripe; the humeral black
stripe occupies all or nearly all the mesepimeron; black also covers more or less of the metapleura
according to the individual’s age; abdomen dark brown or black, with very narrow, interrupted, pale,
transverse, basal rings and a fine, pale, mid-dorsal line, almost as long as the segments, on 3-7 ; femora,
first: tibiz superiorly, third tibie inferiorly blackish. All the blackish parts in this stage are more or less
covered with pruinosity, and I should expect the oldest males of this species to be entirely black and
pruinose.
Superior appendages slightly more than half as long as segment 10, pale in younger, black in older individuals,
quite irregular in outline, their general plan of structure similar to that of V. amelia, but the details
different, as may be seen by comparing figg. 36 and 37, Tab. V. Inferior appendages about as long as
segment 10, simple, conical, directed slightly upward.
@. Most of the females at hand are coloured like 3 a above, although abdominal segments 3-6 have a narrow,
anteapical, obscure ring instead of the apical eighth black, and 9 is pale instead of obscure. One female
is older, has the head and thorax similar to ¢ a above, but the abdomen appears to have been blue in
life with a narrow black stripe on each side of 4—7, 8-10 obscure, 10 somewhat pruinose, with a mid-
dorsal apical patch. Appendages simple, longer than half of segment 10.
3 2. Wings hyaline, arculus at the second antecubital (50°/, front wings, 70 °/ hind) or slightly beyond it ;
inferior sector of the triangle * arising at the submedian cross-vein (95°3 °/, front wings, 90°8 °/, hind) ;
Neoneura aaroni, apparently resemble the condition described by de Selys (1886) as normal for NV. waltheri
of Brazil.
* In one front wing (¢) and two hind wings (@) the inferior sector of the triangle ends freely in the
wing-membrane as a “ floating ” vein, without any attachment to other veins, at from one-third to two-thirds
the level of the quadrilateral. In three front wings ( ¢ ) the vein next distal to that descending from the
nodus is forked near the hind margin of the wing, and the superior sector of the triangle reaches the proximal
division of this fork (¢f. footnote to NV. amelia, p. 138); one hind wing (¢ ) has the same sector reaching the
vein next distal to that descending from the nodus.
140 NEUROPTERA.
ultra-nodal sector arising 2-5 cells proximal to the inner brace-vein of the pterostigma on the front
wings, 2-4 on the hind; postcubitals, front wings 9-10, mostly 9 in both sexes (47-7 °/,), hind wings 7-9,
mostly 8 in both sexes (74:9°/,); pterostigma rhomboidal, brown, surmounting slightly less than a
single cell.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, 3 255-27, 2 23-25°5; hind wing, ¢ 16-16-5, 2 16-175 mm.
Hab. Uniten States, Texas (coll. A. NV. S.: 14 3,8 2.)
The material before me was probably collected by Mr. S, F. Aaron in the vicinity
of Corpus Christi in 1884 (see Papilio, iv. p. 159). The species is surely a member of
the tropical Gulf fauna, and is to be looked for farther south. |
PROTONEURA.
Protoneura, Selys in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 470 (1857}'; Bulk. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 461
(1860) ?; Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 207 (1886)°; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am.
p. 78 (1861) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 186 (1890) *.
The members of this genus inhabit the West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and
Brazil.
Key to the Mexican and Central-American Species.
I. Subnodal sector arising from the vein of the nodus, the median sector arising
a little proximal thereto; superior sector of the triangle ending a little
beyond the cross-vein descending from the nodus; pterostigma distinctly
rhomboidal, the costal and posterior sides subequal and considerably longer
than the proximal and distal sides, which are subequal to each other; inferior
appendages of the males well developed ; females with a mesostigma! lamina
or process (female of P. aurantiaca unknown).
A. Nodal sector on hind wings arising nearest the fifth postcubital; males with
superior appendages transversely bifid, inferiors longer ; females with meso-
stigmal process bifid 2. 2. . 2 2 6 © 6 ee we ew ew ee ew ee Ud peramans.
AA. Nodal sector on hind wings arising nearest the fourth postcubital; male .
superior appendages not bifid, female mesostigmal process simple.
B. Inferior appendages of male with an acute superior tooth; female with a
simple, acute, mesostigmal spine. Oo
C. Thoracic dorsum predominantly black, each side with a pale blue ante-
humeral stripe (¢) or a yellow posthumeral line (?), the latter sex
also with a yellow median line . . . . © . «© 2 e © «1. 2. cupida.
CC. Thoracic dorsum predominantly orange, with a median black stripe
($)[Q@ unknown] . . 2. ~~ ew ee ee ee yg ee 68. Gurantiaca.
BB. Inferior appendages of male with no acute superior tooth; female with
a transversely elongated mesostigmal lamina. Thoracic dorsum pre-
dominantly metallic green (mixed with brown in ¢), with orange-red
(¢) or yellow (?) median and double humeral Jines. . . . . . . 4 cara,
II. Subnodal seetor arising a little distal to the vein of the nodus, median sector
arising proximal to the vein of the nodus; superior sector of the triangle
ending at the cross-vein descending from the nodus; pterostigma not rhom-
PROTONEURA. 141
boidal, the costal side being slightly shorter than the posterior side and only
very little longer than the proximal side; inferior appendages of the males
rudimentary ; females with no mesostigmal lamine or processes.
Nodal sector on hind wings arising nearest. the fourth postcubital ; thoracic
dorsum predominantly metallic green. . . . . . . 1. 2 © « 5. remissa,
_ The venational characters only of I. and II. (not of their subdivisions) are those
which de Selys employed 3 in grouping the species of this genus; the pterostigmal and
other characters here added do not in many cases apply to the species known to him,
but only to the five here treated.
1. Protoneura peramans, (Tab. V. figg. 48, 49.)
Protoneura peramans, Calvert, Ent. News, xiii. p. 231 (1902) *.
¢. Head and thorax predominantly black, the latter frequently with a dark metallic-green reflection ;
anterior edge of labrum and of mandibles, a pair of frontal spots, gene, labium, femora inferiorly, tibize
superiorly, and most of the metasternum, yellow; a pair of median twin spots and a larger lateral spot
on the middle prothoracic lobe, a small lateral spot on the hind lobe, a rather sleader humeral stripe *
forming an inverted !, and a metepisternal stripe, orange-red; dorsum of abdominal segments 2-6 and
of the greater part of 7 carmine-red, of 1, and most of 8 and 10, black, of 9 orange; 2-7 with a black
stripe (sometimes absent) each side from base to apex, which is confluent with a black ring at the inter-
segmental articulations, and whieh ascends to the dorsum in front of the apex, almost to meet its fellow
of the opposite side on 3 and 4, meeting its fellow on the apical eighth or less of 5, fifth to eighth of 6,
third of 7; 8 has an orange dorsal spot in its basal fifth, its sides are narrowly yellow inferiorly; 9 has
a black lateral stripe wide at base, narrow or absent at apex; the only pale colour on 10 is one or three
small mid-dorsal spots ; ventral surfaces of 1-5 pale except at the articulations, of 6-10 blackish.
Hind margin of prothorax entire, convex.
Superior appendages about three-fourths as long as segment 10 (which has a mid-dorsal apical notch), broadly
bifid, the two branches lying in. a sub-horizontal plane; the outer branch twice as long as the inner,
directed backward, curved slightly inward at its rather obtuse tip; inner branch more slender, its apex
more acute and curved towards the median line; in a strictly profile view the outer branch occupies a
slightly lower level than the inner.
Inferior appendages slightly longer than 10, straight, slender, simple.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Prothorax black, with two small, submedian, transverse streaks
on the anterior lobe, anterior and middle lobes with a lateral stripe and their inferior margins, and
the rear of the hind lobe, yellow; hind margin with three subequal rounded lobes. Humeral and
metepisternal stripes similar to those of the male, but narrower and yellow instead of orange-red, most
of the metepimeron and metepisternum yellow. Abdominal dorsum throughout black with a metallic
reflection, the sides inferiorly yellow, which ascends somewhat at the base of segment 3, the apex of 8,
and the middle of 9. Appendages small, black, half as long as segment 10. Genital valvules reaching
as far as the apex of segment 10, yellow above, black below, their palps reaching farther back than the
appendages.
Anterior mesothoracic border with a bifid process, behind each mesostigma, directed forward and upward,
the two branches lying in the same vertical plane.
3 9. Wings hyaline, slightly smoky in the male, arculus slightly (100 °/, front wimgs, 58 °/, hind) or
distinctly (42 0/, hind) beyond the second antecubital, its two limbs subequal; nodal sector arising
nearest the sixth (83°3 °/,) or seventh (16-6 °/,) postcubital on the front wings, nearest the fifth (91°7 °/,)
on the hind; ultra-nodal sector beginning 5-7 cells proximal to the inner brace-vein of the pterostigma
* As is so frequently the case in this genus, the humeral suture divides this stripe obliquely into a supero-
external (mesepimeral) and an infero-internal (mesepisternal) part.
142 NEUROPTERA.
on the front wings, 4-6 cells on the hind ; superior sector of the triangle ending at one-third to three-
fourths of the cell beyond the cross-vein descending from the nodus; pterostigma rhomboidal, dark
brown or black, surmounting one cell or very slightly less. Posteubitals, front wings 13-14, hind
wings 11-12.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 42-43, 9 36-87; hind wing, ¢ 23-24, 2 25°5-27 mm.
Hab. Guatemata!, Panima in Vera Paz (Champion: 4 ¢, 2 2, one pair taken
in coitu).
Comparison of the two sexes suggests that, 7m coitu, each superior appendage of the
male is received between the two prongs of the mesothoracic process of the same side
of the female, and in this way a perfect interlocking would be the result. Few females
among the Odonata possess such a highly developed copulatory structure on any part
of the body. P. peramans is much larger than any other species of Protoneura yet
described.
2. Protoneura cupida, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 46, 47.)
dg. Black; front edge of labrum, labium, and metasternum pale yellow ; the following parts light blue: gene,
a transverse frontal band, first joint of antenne anteriorly, dorsal surface of prothorax (except the sutures,
which are black), an antehumeral stripe, almost half as wide as the mid-dorsal black and which attains
the humeral suture near its lower end, where it is confluent with a narrower mesepimeral stripe,
metapleura except for a black stripe on the second lateral suture, sides of abdominal segments 1 and 2, a
longitudinal mid-dorsal stripe on 2, a very small basal dorsal spot on 3-7, and a transverse isolated ante-
apical stripe on each side of 9, absent in one ¢. Legs pale blue, femora superiorly, especially in their
distal halves, and first tibie superiorly, blackish.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire. Superior abdominal appendages about two-thirds as long as 10,
rather thick, obtuse at tip, inner margin with a basal tubercle. Inferiors slightly longer than the
superiors, more slender, apex acute, an acute superior tooth at about half their length.
9. Differs from the male as follows: yellow replacing the light blue; dorsal surface of prothorax black,
the inferior margins, four very small streaks on the middle lobe and a median dot on the hind lobe,
yellow ; mid-dorsal thoracic earina yellow, no pale antehumeral stripe, a yellow humeral (or more exactly
anterior mesepimeral, as it corresponds to this stripe in the male) line; dorsum of abdominal segment 2
entirely black (remainder of the abdomen lost). Hind margin of prothorax as in the d. Anterior
mesothoracie border with a slender acute process behind each mesostigma, directed forward and upward.
¢ 2. Wings hyaline, arculus distinctly beyond the second antecubital, its lower limb very little longer than
the upper; nodal sector arising at the fifth postcubital on the front wings, at the fourth on the hind ;
ultra-nodal sector beginning 2—4 cells proximal to the inner brace-vein of the pterostigma on the front
wings, 1-3 on the hind; superior sector of the triangle ending about one-half cell beyond the cross-vein
descending from the nodus; pterostigma rhomboidal, dark brown or black, surmounting one cell or a
very little less, Postcubitals, front wings 10-12, hind wings 9.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 31-33; hind wing, ¢ 18-19, 9 195 mm.
Hab. Guatemata, Livingston (Wilson, M. C. Z.: 36,1 2).
The specimens described were collected between February and April.
The female is interesting on account of its anterior mesothoracic process, a
structure which appears to be homologous with the similar process already described
(antea, p. 141) for P. peramans. In P. cupida this process is simple, not bifid, the
place of the lower or anterior branch of P. peramans being here taken by the
thoracic surface. It seems likely that, in coitu, the superior appendage of the
PROTONEURA. 148
male is placed between the process and the thoracic surface in such a way that
the concavity on the inner margin of the appendage (see Tab. V. fig. 47) fits around
the process. If these views be correct, the process in the female of P. cupida presents
a less complex stage of development than in P. peramans.
3. Protoneura aurantiaca. (Tab. V. fig. 44.)
Protoneura aurantiaca, Selys, Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxvili. p. 213 (1886) '.
3. The following details are not mentioned by de Selys, whose description’ was based on a unique male:
labium pale, almost white; black mid-dorsal thoracie stripe covering more than the carina, its width
being about one-half that of either antehumeral orange area; the black band “sur le premier espace
latéral” (¢. e. mesepimeron) touches the humeral, net the median, suture below; second lateral suture
with a black stripe on more than the upper half of its length; cuneiform orange spot on dorsum of 3
reaching almost to the apex ; 8-10 black, not “plus pales.” The appendages of the type were “en
mauvais état,” which may account for the differences I find in these; superiors straight, thick, rather
obtuse at the tip, which is mot recurved towards the other appendages, an inner basal tubercle, and a
larger pale inferior tubercle. Inferior appendages subequal, slender, with a superior anteapical tooth.
Wings with the arculus distinctly (76-6 °/, front wings, 93°/, hind) or slightly beyond the second antecubital,
its limbs subequal or the lower slightly the longer ; nodal sector arising near the fifth postcubital on the
front wings, nearest the fourth on the hind ; ultra-nodal sector beginning 2-4 cells proximal to the inner
brace-vein of the pterostigma on the frent wings, 1-3 on the hind; postcubitals, front wings 10-11,
hind wings 8-9.
© unknown.
Dimenstons.— §. Abdomen 30-81, hind wing 16-17°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac [1 3], Teapa [11 3 } (A. H. Smith); Guaremana, Livingston
(Wilson, M. €. Z.: 3.3); ?Panamal.
4. Protoneura cara, sp.n. (Tab. V. figg. 38, 45; Tab. VI. fig. 9.)
é. Dark metallic green, with the following markings: anterior edge of labrum, gene, mandibles, labium,
some marks on the rear of the head, thoracie sterna, tibie and tarsi, pale yellow or almost white; hind
edge of mesepimera, metapleura (except for a black stripe on the upper half of the second lateral thoracic
suture [Balsas ¢], or on the whole length thereof, in the latter case sending off a branch on to the
mesepimeron [Iguala 3 ]), femora, dorsum of abdominal segment 2 (except for an obscure transverse
anteapical stripe), a transverse apical line on 1, a narrow transverse basal ring on 3-7, a narrow
transverse apical ring (which may be interrupted mid-dorsally) on 9 and 10, and much of the ventral
surfaces of 1-4, deeper yellow ; the greater part of the labrum (whose lateral edges are black) and of the
nasus (which has two small spots and a transverse basal line black—these three may be united), a
transverse row, anteriorly convex, of six spots on the frons just behind the base of the antenne (the two
middle spots may fade gradually into the yellow of the gene, the spot directly behind each antenna
may be divided into two closely approximated spots), a line along each eye-margin of the vertex,
confluent anteriorly with the outermost of the six spots and posteriorly with a yellow spot on the rear
of the head, a pair of occipital spots, a stripe on each side and the inferior margins of the prothorax, a
transverse line on the anterior lobe in one (Balsas) male, a small twin-spot on the middle lobe, a still
smaller twin-spot on the posterior lobe of the prothorax, the mid-dorsal thoracic carina, a humeral stripe
divided by the humeral suture as usual (see footnote, p. 141) and a small superior mesepisternal spot.
(Iguala ¢ ), or this spot united with an upward prolongation of inner (mesepisternal) part of the humeral
stripe, thus forming a double, or longitudinally divided, humeral stripe (Balsas ¢ ), orange-red.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire. No lamina behind the mesostigma. Superior abdominal appendages
about as long as segment 10, yellowish, with black margins, straight, obtuse, having at their middle a very
144 NEUROPTERA.
short interno-inferior branch; the appendage viewed from above resembles the outline of a mitten, the
interno-inferior branch corresponding to the thumb (cf. Tab. V. fig. 38). Inferior appendages almost as
long as the superiors, paler, more slender, less obtuse at tip which is curved slightly upward.
2. The single female resembles the Balsas ¢ described above, but differs as follows: the metallic green is
paler and mixed with brown, the markings which in that male are pale yellow, deeper yellow, and
orange-red are here all pale yellow, there is a mid-basal black spot on the labrum, the six frontal spots
are more or less confluent with one another and with the yellow of the gene, the dorsum of segment 2
metallic green, except for a narrow, transverse, apical, yellow ring. Abdominal appendages slightly
shorter than segment 10, obscure, simple. Genital valvules reaching back to the apex of segment 10,
their palps to beyond the tips of the appendages. A small mesostigmal lamina is present on each side
of the anterior mesothoracie border; its superior margin, viewed from above and from slightly in
front, approaches, but is not identical in shape with, our figure 3, Tab. IV., of the similar structure of
Argia extranea.
3d 2. Wings hyaline, arculus distinctly beyond the second antecubital, relative length of its two limbs
variable; nodal sector arising nearest the fifth (62°5°/,) or fourth (37-5 °/,) antecubital on the front
wings, nearest the fourth (87-5 °/,) or third (12°5°/,) on the hind; ultra-nodal sector beginning 2-4
cells proximal to the inner brace-vein of the pterostigma on the front wings, 1-2 cells on the hind ;
superior sector of the triangle ending at one-fifth to one-half of the cell beyond the eross-vein descending
from the nodus, except in one hind wing where it ends at that cross-vein ; pterostigma rhomboidal, grey,
dark brown, or black, surmounting one cell or very slightly less. Postcubitals, front wings 8-11, hind
wings 7-9.
Dimensions.— Abdomen, ¢ 29-31, 9 29; hind wing, ¢ 16°5-17, 2 18°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Iguala, Rio Balsas (Barrett, coll. P. P. €.: 2 3), Dos Arroyos [1 9 |,
La Venta [1 ¢ in fragments] (H. H. Smith), all in Guerrero.
The Rio Balsas individual was taken in December, all the others in September.
5. Protoneura remissa, sp. n. (Tab. V. fig. 43.)
3s. Dorsum of head and of thorax dark metallic green, of the abdomen shining black. The following parts
pale (yellow or blue? in life): gens, front edge of labrum, labium, metapleura (except for a metallic-green
stripe on the second lateral suture, wider at its upper end where it is confluent with the green of the
mesepimeron, and a superior dark green metepimeral spot), legs (except at the various articulations and
stripes on the superior surfaces of the femora and of the tibiw, black), ventral surfaces of the thoracic
and abdominal segments, a narrow transverse basal ring on 3-7 which may be mid-dorsally interrupted.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire. Superior abdominal appendages about one and one-half times as
long as segment 10, forcipate when viewed dorsally, apices slightly hooked on the inner side; viewed in
profile, the upper edge is nearly straight, terminating in a narrow process, lower edge greatly produced
ventralward, very convex. Inferior appendages small, rudimentary, obtuse.
9. Differs from the male as follows: frons anteriorly and entire labrum (except for a mid-basal black dot)
pale yellow or blue in addition to the pale areas of the other sex ; mesepimera obscure, brownish (perhaps
indicating a less mature stage), no stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture, abdominal dorsum (except
for the pale basal rings as in the male) pale reddish brown on the anterior segments, darker brown on
the posterior segments,—in apparently older individuals, dark brown throughout.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire, no mesothoracic processes. Abdominal appendages as long as
segment 10, simple, straight. Genital valvules projecting backward as far as the tips of the appendages,
their palps as long as the appendages.
¢ 2. Wings hyaline, arculus usually a little beyond the second antecubital (58 °/, front wings, 75 °/, hind
wings), but also found at or distinctly beyond that vein, its lower limb at least twice as long as its upper ;
nodal sector arising nearest the sixth (75°/,) or fifth postcubital on the front wings, nearest the fourth
on the hind; ultra-nodal sector beginning 3-5 cells proximal to the inner brace-vein of the pterostigma
on the front wings, 3-4 on the hind; superior sector of the triangle ending at the cross-vein descending
from the nodus; pterostigma dark brown or black, surmounting one cell or slightly less, the costal
PROTONEURA.—ASHNIDA. 145
margin slightly shorter than the posterior, the outer margin distinctly convex. Postcubitals, front.
wings 11-14, hind wings 9-11.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 32, 9 31; hind wing, ¢ 175-18, 2? 19-20 mm.
Hab. Muxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith: 3 3,3 2).
Taken in January, February, and March.
The specific names proposed for the four new species of Protoneura here described
allude to the absence, presence, or degree of complexity of the mesothoracic processes
of the females. |
IT. ANISOPTERA *.
Front and hind wings dissimilar in shape, the latter generally broader at base;
usually with a membranule; the quadrilateral of the Zygoptera here modified to form
a cardinal cell (triangle, discoidal triangle) and a supra-triangle. Males having the
tergite of the eleventh abdominal segment developed as a single (though often bifid)
clasping-organ—the so-called inferior abdominal appendage. Nymphs without caudal
tracheal gills.
AESHNIDZS.
Antenodals of the costal and subcostal series not continuous, except the first and one
other (the latter is variable in position), which two are thicker than their fellows ;
postnodals in the entire second (median) series ; triangles of the front and hind wings
usually of similar shape and subequally distant from the arculus in each (except
in certain Petalurine and some Gomphine). Lateral lobes of the labium two-jointed.
Synopsis of the Subfamilies found in Mexico and Central America +.
Abdomen without lateral carine ; head transversely elongated.
Median labial lobe entire; eyes separated. Females without genital
valves (i. e. outer gonapophyses of the ninth segment) . . . . 1. GomPHina.
Median labial lobe bifid; eyes a little separated or meeting in a single
point dorsally. Females without genital valves . . . . . . 2 CorpuLicasreRin2.
Abdomen with lateral carine ; head globose, eyes meeting in a line on
the top of the head. Females with genital valves . - . . . . 3. /MSHNINA,
* For L., see page 18.
+ Some of the venational characters given for these subfamilies by Prof. Needham in his work on the
Aquatic Insects of the Adirondacks (Bull. 47, New York State Museum, p. 434, 1901) apply only to the
members of the fauna there treated.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., June 1905. u
146 NEUROPTERA.
Subfam. GOMPHINA.
Synopsis of the Genera of the present Faunal District *.
A. Internal triangle of the front wings (except in P. (?) paucinervis from
Bogota) and the discoidal triangles of both wings (except in P. (?) pauci-
nervis and the Brazilian P. gracilis) cross-veined ; a proximal brace-
vein to the pterostigma, arculus at or proximal to the second antenodal,
one submedian cross-vein (other than those forming parts of the
internal triangle), one to two rows of cells between the principal
sector and next supplementary sector below at the level of the distal
end of the pterostigma, two rows of cells between principal and
nodal sectors beginning more remote than halfway from the nodus to
the pterostigma, basal subcostal cross-veins usually present (except
in P. gracilis); front wings (except in P. pygmaeus, P. gracilis,
P. (?) paucinervis, and Gomphoides volsella) with two rows of postcostal
cells beginning proximal to the level of the discoidal triangle, and
three or more rows of cells between the second sector of the triangle
and the hind margin. Legs short, third femora hardly reaching to the
apex of the first abdominal segment. Males with a (usually pale-
coloured) inferior carina on the distal part of the first tibize.
B. Sectors of the arculus distinctly separated at their origin by an
interval greater than the thickness of either sector; no supra-
triangular cross-veins, thickened distal antenodal the fifth ; inferior
angle of the triangle formed by the three ocelli (head being viewed
from in front) 100°-120°. Males with the anal triangle not reaching
backward to the anal angle, 38-celled. . . . . . . . «+ . . Procompnvs.
BB. Sectors of the arculus in contact with each other (or separated by an
interval less than the thickness of either sector) at their origin, one
or more supra-triangular cross-veins, thickened distal antenodal the
sixth or more remote; inferior angle of ocellar triangle (seen from
in front) 185°. Males with the anal triangle reaching backward to
the anal angle, 4-6-celled . 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1 ee ee) )06GOMPHOIDES.
AA. Internal and discoidal triangles of both wings free; no supra-triangular
cross-veins, no anal loop; third femora reaching but little farther back
than the first abdominal segment, armed with spines shorter than the
thickness of the femora themselves.
C. Sectors of the arculus distinctly separated at their origin by an
interval greater than the thickness of either sector, basal subcostal
cross-veins absent: front wings with the short sector and the first
sector of the triangle nearly parallel throughout, with six to eight
marginal cells; proximal angle of discoidal triangle not as far distal
* The characters of each genus in this and similar subsequent tables are arranged approximately in an
order from less to greater variability, statistics for which I hope to publish elsewhere.
CC.
GOMPHIN 2.
to the arculus as the length of the proximal side of the internal
triangle ; usually with two rows of postcostal cells beginning proximal
to the level of the discoidal triangle, and three or more rows between
the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin.
Pterostigma with a brace-vein at its proximal end, arculus at
or proximal to the second antenodal, distal thickened antenodal the
fifth, one submedian cross-vein; two rows of post-triangular cells
to at least the level of the penultimate antenodal; inferior angle
of the ocellar triangle (seen from in front) at least 135°. Males
with the abdomen widest at the eighth segment; tibial spines not
differentiated, a short in‘erior carina on the distal part of the first
tibia ; anal triangle not reaching backward to the anal angle,
3-4-celled; branches of the inferior appendage* contiguous,
upeurved in their apical half. Females with the auricles on
abdominal segment 2 small, vulvar lamina * reaching to one-half
or less of the length of segment9 . . .... 2.2.24.
Sectors of the arculus for a short distance distal to their origin
separated by an interval less than the thickness of either sector,
basal subcostal cross-veins present. Front wings with the short
sector and the first sector of the triangle divergent, with ten to
sixteen marginal cells; proximal angle of the discoidal triangle as
far, or farther, distally from the arculus as (or than) the length of
the proximal side of the internal triangle; only one row of post-
costal cells proximal to the level of the discoidal triangle, and not
more than two rows between the second sector of the triangle and
the hind margin.
D. Pterostigma with a brace-vein at the proximal end; arculus at or
proximal to the second antenodal; distal thickened antenodal the
fifth, one submedian cross-vein, two post-triangular rows out to
the level of the nodus (front wings), two cells, then one post-
triangular row to level of separation of principal and subnodal
sectors (hind wings) ; inferior angle of the ocellar triangle (seen
from in front) about 110°. Females with no auricles on abdo-
minal segment 2, vulvar lamina reaching to one-half the length
of segment 9. Male of the faunal species unknown. . . .
DD. Pterostigma with no brace-vein +; arculus distal to the second
ERPETOGOMPHUS.
? CYANOGOMPHUS.
* The characters drawn from the inferior appendage of the male and the vulvar lamina of the female have
been added to aid in distinguishing Erpetogomphus from Gomphus and Ophiogomphus. These latter two
genera occur in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, and may perhaps be hereafter found in Mexico. The
venational character given by Prof. Needham in 1897 (Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 166) for separating Erpeto-
gomphus and Ophiogomphus from Gomphus is not diagnostic and has not been employed in his later papers.
+ When a cross-vein does occur immediately under the proximal posterior angle of the pterostigma in
Epigomphus, it is not in prolongation of the proximal side of the pterostigma and is not thicker than its
neighbours—in which respects it differs ‘from a true brace-vein.
u?2
148 NEUROPTERA.
antenodal ; distal thickened antenodal the sixth or more remote,
two or more submedian cross-veins, two post-triangular rows out
to at least the level of separation of principal and subnodal sectors
(both wings); inferior angle of the ocellar triangle (seen from in
front) about 90°. Males with the abdomen widest at the 10th
segment (except in the Bolivian E. lama, where 8-10 are of
equal width) ; the antero-inferior row of spines on the third tibiz
much shorter than those of the postero-inferior row and blunt at
the tip; no inferior distal carina on the tibize, no anal triangle.
Females with well-developed auricles on abdominal segment 2 . Epicompuus.
PROGOMPHUS.
Progomphus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 69 [50 *] (1854)*; Selys & Hagen, Monogr.
Gomph. p. 194 (1858 +)"; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. pp. 48, 52 (1875) *;
Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 72 (1890)*; Needham, Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 168 (1897) >; Bull. 47, New
York State Mus. p. 435 (1901) °.
A genus of twelve species, extending from the Northern United States to Southern
Brazil. The “linear or spatulate, median, sternal process on the first abdominal
segment,” which Prof. Needham ® first appears to have employed as a generic character,
is lacking in the material of P. complicatus, P. pygmaeus, and P. gracilis which I have
been able to examine. I have not studied P.(?) paucinervis, intricatus, costalis,
or polygonus.
Key to the Mexican and Central-American Species.
Abdominal segment 1 with a slender median sternal process or tubercle
(which is sometimes bent and hence lies against the surface of the
segment).
Face with dark brown markings on inferior part of frons, on middle of
nasus, and middle of labrum; pale antehumeral stripe not confluent
with the green or yellow of the anterior mesothoracic margin ; pale
metepisternal stripe almost interrupted to form a superior spot and
an inferior stripe; the mid-dorsal yellow on abdominal segments 3-6
(when present) linear; wings with the merest trace of brown at
the extreme base, not reaching even halfway to the basal subcostal
cross-vein ; superior appendages of the male black, branches of the
inferior appendage slender, simple. Abdomen, ¢ 43, 2? 40; hind
wing, 6 382, 933mm. - .. .. . 1. ee ee ew ee 1 ZOnatus.
* The numbers in brackets are those of the pages in the separate copies.
+ It is usual to quote the ‘ Monographie des Gomphines’ with the date 1857, as is done by Mr. Kirby for
example, and “ Novembre 1857 ” is, indeed, that which appears on the titlepage of the volume ; but the original
paper cover bore the date “‘ Mai 1858,” which has usually not been preserved in bound copies. Moreover,
plates xx.-xxiii. are dated at the bottom as having been drawn in 1858.
PROGOMPHUS.
Face with obscure brownish markings on inferior part of frons, on
middle of nasus and middle of labrum ; pale antehumeral stripe not
or barely (i.e. by a line) confluent with the green or yellow of the
anterior mesothoracic margin ; pale metepisternal stripe, mid-dorsal
yellow on 3-6 and wings as above stated for zonatus ; upper surface
of the superior appendages of the male black in the basal fourth,
pale green in the apical three-fourths; branches of the inferior
appendage as below stated for oAscurus. Abdomen, ¢, 38-41 mm.,
hind wing, ¢, 29-81; 9? unknown re
Face without dark brown markings ; pale antehumeral stripes confluent
with the yellow of the anterior mesothoracic margin, pale colours
predominating on mesepimeron and metapleuron, pale stripes
thereon not interrupted; the mid-dorsal yellow on abdominal
segments 3-6 broad ; wings with two short basal brown stripes—one
in costal and subcostal spaces, the other, less marked, in submedian
(and, in some, also the median) space; superior appendages of the
male yellow, branches of the inferior appendage stout, each with a
stout supero-external anteapical tooth and a row of 3-5 denticles on
inner margin at apex . . . oe
[Brown basal stripe in costal and subcostal § spaces of wings reaching
out to the first antenodal or nearly so, a trace of brown between
the sectors of the arculus at their origin ; denticulated carina at
base of lower surface of superior appendages of male terminating
apically in two or more rows of denticles, the carina not extending
to the last denticle. Size smaller: abdomen, ¢ 37-40, ? 35-37 ;
hind wing, ¢ 29-31, ? 30-35 mm. . oe ee
Brown basal stripe in costal and subcostal spaces of wings not reaching
beyond basal subcostal cross-vein ; no brown trace at the origin
of the sectors of the arculus; inferior denticulated carina at base
of superior appendages of male terminating posteriorly in a single
row of denticles, the carina extending to the last denticle. Size
larger: abdomen, $ 41-45, 9 42-47; hind wing, 3 31-35,
? 36-37 mm, . . wee ee soe
Abdominal segment 1 with no median sternal process or tuberele ; front
wings with one row of postcostal cells to the level of the two-celled
discoidal triangle, and usually one row (in some two) between the
second sector of the triangle and the hind margin; pale green ante-
humeral stripes wide, their inner edges subparallel, their outer edges
diverging from above downward ; pale green predominant on the sides
of the thorax. Dimensions : abdomen, 3 25, 9?; hind wing, ¢ 19-
21,g@20mm.. . ee ee ke
149
2. clendoni.
3. obscurus.
race obscurus type. |
. race borealis.
4. pygmeus.
150 NEUROPTERA.
1. Progomphus zonatus. (Tab. VII. figg. 1-3.)
Progomphus zonutus, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 72 [53] (1854)"'; Selys &
-Hagen, Monogr. Gomph. p. 203, t. 11. fig. 3 (details of ¢) (1858) *; Hagen, Syn. Neur.
N, Am. p. 111 (1861) °.
¢ (hitherto undescribed). Differs from the detailed description” of the 2, in addition to the features
mentioned in the preceding key, as follows :—Sides of abdominal segments 2 and 3 mostly dark brown,
except the posterior and inferior borders of 2 and the base of 3; 4-6 black, with a narrow transverse
basal yellow ring not prolonged dorsally, 4 with an isolated linear yellow mid-dorsal spot on the middle
of the segment, no dorsal yellow (other than the basal ring) on 5 and 6; basal two-thirds of 7 yellow,
apical third black ; first femora pale green inferiorly ; wings but slightly smoky, costa yellow anteriorly ;
pterostigma of front wings 5 mm. long; triangles of hind wings 2-celled.
Hab. Mexico !~8, Rincon in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢ ).
This male was taken in October; it bears a label, “ P. zonatus,” in Hagen’s hand.
2. Progomphus clendoni, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 8, 9.)
&. The preceding description of the male P. zonatus, together with the particulars given in the key on p. 149
for this species, applies precisely to the colours of the two males seen, excepting that abdominal segment 5
has a yellow, linear, mid-dorsal spot on the middle in one individual, a trace of this spot in the other.
Pterostigma 4—4°5 mm. long on front wings. Discoidal triangle of front wings 3-celled, of hind wings
2-celled ; internal triangle of both wings 2-celled. Front wings with 15-16 antenodals, 8-10 postnodals.
Denticulated carina on the inferior surface of the superior appendages reaching far over toward the inner
margin, in this respect agreeing with P. zonatus and differing from P. obscurus. Inferior appendage with
each of its branches bifid owing to the supero-external tooth being enlarged so as to be subequal to
the apical part of the branch, instead of smaller than the apical part of the branch, as is the case in
P, obscurus.
Hab. Mexico, Tuxpan in Jalisco (J. F. McClendon, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3). °
These two males, taken on September 5th, are intermediate between P. zonatus and
P. obscurus, having the colours and the superior appendages almost as in the first, the
inferior appendage similar to that of the second-named. ‘The specific name is in
honour of the collector.
3. Progomphus obscurus.
[a. obscurus type.
Diastatomma obscurum, Rambur, Ins. Névr. p. 170 (1842)*.
Progomphus odscurus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 72 [53] (1854)’; (2) xlvi. p. 658 [66]
(partim) (1878) *; Selys & Hagen, Monogr. Gomph. p. 201 (1858) *; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N.
Am. p. 110 (1861) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 48 (1875) °; Needham, Canad. Ent.
xxix. p. 184 (1897)’; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 34, fig. 2 (venation) (1903)°; Hine,
Ohio State Univ. Nat. i. p. 13 (1900) °; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 283, t. 4.
figg. 8, 4 (head) (partim) (1900)*°; Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1901, p. 123 (1902)"; Ent.
News, xiii. p. 109 (1902) *; Needham & Hart, Bull. Illinois State Lab. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 55,
t. 1. fig. 8 (nymph) (1901); Brimley, Ent. News, xiv. p. 151 (1903) ™.
Progomphus borealis, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvi. p.356 (1874) °; xviii. p.48 (1875) ™*.
Hab. Nortn America!?45, Massachusetts °® Pennsylvania !°12, Ohio ® 1°, Elkhart
PROGOMPHUS. 151
(R. J. Weith, coll. P. P. C.: 13,1 2) in Indiana 4, Illinois 1013, Livingston (FE. B.
Williamson: 1 d) in Kentucky, North Carolina !4, Georgia? 15, Florida’, Kansas
(M,C. Z.: 1 3), Texas’ (4. NS, IC. 27.2 23,39 ).]
b. Race borealis.
Progomphus borealis, McLachlan, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 764 [36] (1873) *; Selys,
1. c, (2) xlvi. p. 658 [66] (partim) (1878) *.
Progomphus obscurus, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 499, t. 16. fige. 74-79 (details 2 2)
(1895) °.
Hab, Unirep Srares, Oregon!, Los Angeles (A. Davidson, coll. P. P. C.: 1 $)in
California ®, Florence (C. R. Biedermann, A. N. 8.: 26,1 ¢) in Arizona (Ml. ©. Z,
C. U. lot 35: 1 ¢,1 2, see footnote, p. 104, antea); LoweEr Catirornia, San Luis 3,
Miraflores *, Sierra El Taste? [1 3], San José del Cabo? [1 ¢,2 9] (G. Eisen,
coll, P. P. C.).—Muxico, Guadalajara, Jalisco (Schumann: 1 3), Uruaapan (coll.
Deam: 1 3).
The examples from Florence were taken in June and July, those from Lower
Calfornia in April, September, and October, those from Guadalajara and Uruapan
in July. The Guadalajara male has a brown stripe on the partly obsolete first lateral
thoracic carina, and the sides of abdominal segment 8 are yellow for their entire
length ; the Uruapan individual has this latter feature.
Although Selys and Hagen, in their latest paper 2, regarded odscurus and borealis as
identical, I have ventured to separate them again, the differential character drawn
from the carina of the male superior appendages being herewith presented for the
first time. I doubt whether Hagen recognized the true borealis, especially since he
labelled the above-listed material from Arizona in the M. C. Z. “meridionalis”
(cf. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xii. p. 276, 1885).
4. Progomphus pygmeus. (Tab. VII. figg. 4, 4a.)
Progomphus pygmeus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 502 [58] (1873)’.
3. Face pale green, tending to yellowish inferiorly and on the lips, an obscure dark mark on the middle of
the anterior surface of the frons inferiorly ; vertex pale brown, occiput darker, its hind margin concave ;
rear of head dark brown, with two pale green spots on each side.
(Head wanting in the unique type.)
Front wings with 12-13 antecubitals, pterostigma 2°5-3°5 mm., 14 double cells (right) or two rows for 2-3 cells
(left) in the middle of the area between the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin (San
Gerdnimo d) or one row throughout (Bonda ¢), two submedian cross-veins on the right side only
(San Geronimo).
Q (hitherto undescribed). Vertex, occiput, anterior surface of frons, nasus, and labrum brown, rhinarium and
superior surface of frons green; hind margin of occiput almost straight, rear of head black, hind margin
of each eye with a distinct rounded emargination at about the level of the upper surface of the frons.
Pale green antehumeral stripes narrower than in the ¢, produced toward the median line at the lower end
so as to approach the form of an inverted 7, no brown at the first lateral thoracic suture.
Abdomen dark brown, sides of 1 and 2 pale green, 3 with a mid-dorsal linear yellow spot on the middle of
the segment.
152 ; NEUROPTERA.
Front wings with 12-13 antecubitals, 7-8 postcubitals, pterostigma 3 mm., a double cell in the midst of the
single postcostal row at the level of the arculus, only one row throughout all the area between second
sector of triangle and hind margin.
Left hind wing with internal triangle free.
Hab. Guaremaa, San Gerénimo (Champion: 1 2, the last eight abd. segs. lacking).
—CotomBis, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 6, last
seven abd. segs. lost), Bogota!; British Guiana, Demerara River (M‘Lachlan, in litt.,
98, vii. 1903); Brazit, Chapada (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.*: 1 2, the last seven
abd. segs. lacking).
Having sent a photograph illustrating the venation of the San Gerdnimo specimen
to Mr. M‘Lachlan, in whose collection the type is, he wrote (28. vii. 1903), “ Your
photo of supposed P. pygmaeus agrees sufficiently in neuration with my type; there
are one or two asymmetrical individual differences, but being asymmetrical not of
importance. The photo gives the idea of the wings being tinted towards the base ;
in the type there is only a very small yellowish cloud at the extreme base. I believe
I have a second example, a very immature 9, from the Demerara River (British
Guiana).”
The wings of the San Gerdénimo male are slightly smoky throughout along the
veins, and there is an indefinable yellowish tint as the bases are approached, neither
of which is true for the Chapada female or the Bonda male.
GOMPHOIDES.
Gomphoides, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 73 [54] (1854) *; Selys & Hagen, Monogr.
Gomph. pp. 206, 208 (1858)*; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 73 (1890) °.
Cyclopiylla, Selys, 1. c. p. 76 [57] (1854)*; Selys & Hagen, lc. p. 216 (1858) °; Kirby, l.c.
p. 74 (1890) °.
Aphylla, Selys, 1. c. p. 78 [59] (1854)7; Selys & Hagen, 1. c. p. 227 (1858)*; Kirby, 1. c. p. 74
(1890) °; Needham, Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 168 (1897) *.
These three “sous-genres ” of de Selys are here united because I can find no satis-
factory character for separating them. The major feature employed by him was the
internal triangle of the hind wings, cross-veined in Gomphoides, free in the other two.
Of the fifty-five individuals which I have been able to examine for the present work,
six (or 11°/,) are asymmetrical in this feature; de Selys himself has disregarded it in
G. (2) annectens and G. ambigua, and has given f a number of arguments for the union
of these three groups. |
* This abbreviation stands for the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, whose director,
Dr. W. J. Holland, has recently, and with great kindness, sent me the Neotropical Odonata belonging to
that institution for study.
+ Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 547 [21] (1859) under Cyclophylla protracta; 1. c. (2) xxviii. p. 193 [80]
(1869) under G.? annectens, p. 195 [32] under C. pegasus, p. 196 [83] footnote; J. c, (2) xxxvi. p. 506 [62]
(1873) under G. ambigua.
GOMPHOIDES. 153
Dr. Karsch states* that the basal subcostal cross-vein is constantly lacking in
Gomphoides and Aphylla, according to the material in the Museum fiir Naturkunde in
Berlin. It is present in 93°/, of the front wings and 90°/, of the hind wings of fifty
individuals which I have examined. |
One feature of the females of Gomphoides requires special mention—the enlarged
portion (“feuille” of de Selys) of the lateral margins of abdominal segments 8 and 9.
Some species, e. g. G. suasa, were described as having “ bords des 8° et 9° non dilatés
en feuilles.” On studying a number of females some with, others without, these
enlarged margins, the former agreeing with the description of swasa, the latter differing
only by these enlargements, it occurred to me that this difference might be connected
with the act of oviposition. On relaxing a female with non-dilated margins, I found
that I could easily spread out the segments in question so as to perfectly imitate those
females which had been collected in the dilated condition. This experiment I have
also been able to perform in the case of G. suasa pacifica. I note, moreover, that
the chitin of the entire body is paler and softer, and therefore indicative of a more
immature state, in the non-dilated females than in those which are dilated. I am
certain that the apparent absence of dilated margins in a dried female is no proof that
she was incapable of dilating them, and I strongly suspect that the dilatation is connected
with the increase in the size of the egg-masses within the abdomen. The importance
of these observations on the identification of females based on this character is self-
evident, although the width of the enlarged portion differs in the various species f.
Nearly thirty species of Gomphoides have been described, the genus ranging from
Texas to Argentina. Most of the descriptions have been founded on a very few
individuals, so that it is difficult, especially among the females, to determine whether
various slight differences have a specific value, or are mere individual variations, or are
due to age. For this reason the following synopsis will probably require much
revision when more material is at hand.
Synopsis of the Mexican and Central-American Species.
Males.
A. Inferior abdominal appendage very small, one-eighth or less as long as the
superiors, often concealed within the posterior face of segment 10, entire or
barely emarginated at tip; face more or less marked with brown.
B. Abdominal segment 10 with no postero-inferior lateral projections, its
posterior dorsal margin entire; 3~6 (in the adults) dark brown or black,
* Ent. Nachr. xvi. p. 371 (1890).
+ See on this subject the recent remarks of Dr. F. Ris, ‘Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise,’
Odonaten, pp. 19, 20 (1904).
+ Field-observations on the meaning of the differences, especially those of colour, employed in the synopsis
of the species are very desirable.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., June 1905. Xx
154 NEUROPTERA.
with a median dorsal yellow stripe, yellow on the sides confined to the
basal third or less.
C. Dilated lateral margins of seg. 9 curved throughout, superior appendages
with a superior anteapical tooth; at most two rows of cells between the
second sector of the triangle and the hind margin on the front wings
and three rows on the hind wings; abdomen 36, hind wing 27mm.. . 1. volsella.
CC. Dilated lateral margins of seg. 9 angulate near the base, superior
appendages with a superior anteapical angulation; at least three rows
of cells between the second sector of the triangle and the hind margin
on the front wings and four rows on the hind wings; abdomen 46-47,
hind wing 88-86 mm... 2 1. 1 1 ee ee ee ww 8, elongata.
BB. Abdominal segment 10 with a postero-inferior lateral projection on each
side; 3-6 (in the adults) with a median dorsal black stripe, yellow on
the sides reaching almost the entire length of the segments; superior
appendages with no superior teeth.
D. Posterior dorsal margin of abd. seg. 10 entire.
E. Dilated lateral margin of 9, viewed in profile from the side, showing a
double curvature, first convex then concave; abdomen 48-51, hind
wing 386-38 mm. . . oe . . . . 9& protracta.
EE. Dilated lateral margin of 9, viewed i in profile from the side, showing
but a single curvature, convex throughout; abdomen 46-49, hind
wing 36-38 mm... . ae . 2 « . « [ producta *.]
DD. Posterior dorsal margin of abd. seg. 10 with a | median truncation,
dilated lateral margin of 9 as in producta; abdomen 35, hind wing
o2mm. . . [tenuis *.]
DDD. Posterior dorsal margin ‘of abd. seg. 10 with ¢ a distinct median notch
abdomen 42-49, hind wing 85-88 mm. . . . . woe ew ew 4 ambigua.
AA. Inferior abdominal appendage one-third to one- fourth as long as the
superiors, bifid, superior appendages with a superior tooth at about two-
thirds their length ; abdominal segment 10 with no postero-inferior lateral
projections, 8-6 (in the adults) dark brown or black with a median dorsal
yellow stripe, the yellow on the sides confined to the basal third or less.
F. Abdominal segments 8-10 blackish on dorsum, sides of the thorax with
three pale stripes . . . . . : ee - . . 6. suasa.
G. Labrum bordered and crossed with black, costa blackish anteriorly, second
yellow antehumeral stripe usually complete ; abdomen 47-49, hind wing
37-39 mm. . . » 2 « . Suasa type.
GG. Labrum bordered (but not crossed) with black, costa ‘yellow anteriorly,
second yellow antehumeral stripe interrupted, consisting of a line below
and a large point above; abdomen 43-45, hind wing 35-37 mm. (From
de Selys’s description.) . . . . .. ... ei. we we race pacifica.
* G. producta, of South America and Cuba, and G. tenuis, of Colombia and Guiana, are closely allied species
which may hereafter be found within the present faunal limits: for references to descriptions, see Mr. Kirby’s
‘ Catalogue,’ p. 74.
GOMPHOIDES. 155
FF, Abdominal segments 8-10 in part yellowish or reddish on dorsum.
H. Face black on the sides above the bases of the mandibles, labrum black
with two yellow dots, sides of thorax with two pale stripes, second
yellow antehumeral stripe represented by a superior spot only ; abdomen
about 39 mm., hind wing about 34 mm.. (From Kirby’s description.) . 7. bifasciata.
HH. Face and labrum yellow with no black markings, sides of thorax with
three pale stripes, second yellow antehumeral stripe complete, costa
yellow anteriorly ; abdomen 45-50, hind wing 35-39 mm.. . . . . ([stigmata*.}
Females.
A. Pale colour (yellowish or yellowish-brown) on the sides of abdominal segments
3-6 reaching almost the entire length of those segments, the mid-dorsal line
of which becomes black with age, except at the base of each segment; face
and labrum with some dark brown markings; second pale antehumeral stripe
complete; vulvar lamina about one-sixth as long as 9; costa yellow anteriorly.
B. Enlarged portion (“ feuille,” Selys) of the lateral margin of segment 8 about
+ mm. wide.
C. Segments 7-9 yellowish-brown with little or no black on dorsum ;
abdomen 47-50, hind wing 39-42 mm. . . . . . . . 3. protracta.
CC. Segments 7-9 with considerable black on dorsum ; abdomen 46-49, hind
wing 87-40 mm. .. . Coe ee ee ee we we ew we Lproducta.)
BB. Enlarged portion of the lateral margin of segment 8 about # mm. wide ;
7-9 with considerable black on dorsum; abdomen 46-51, hind wing
38-40 mm. . .... . . . . wee we ew ww A ambiqua.
AA. Pale colour (yellow or yellowish- brown) on the sides of segments 3-6 con-
fined to the basal third or less of each, mid-dorsal line of the same segments
in large part or wholly yellow from the base of each of them backward.
D. Vulvar lamina one-third as long as segment 9, second pale antehumeral
stripe complete, metepimeron pale green, which reaches to the posterior
margin of this sclerite; abdomen 41-44, hind wing 34-85 mm.. . . . 2. elongata.
DD. Vulvar lamina one-fifth to one-seventh as long as segment 9.
E. Face or labrum with some dark markings.
F. Sides of thorax with three pale stripes on mesepimeron, metepisternum,
and metepimeron respectively . .. . . 6. suasa.
G. Costa black anteriorly, labrum bordered and ‘crossed with dark brown
or black, second pale antehumeral stripe complete ; abdomen 43-47,
hind wing 41-42 mm. . . . . suasa type.
GG. Costa yellow anteriorly, labrum bordered but not crossed with
black, second pale antehumeral stripe interrupted, represented by a
line below and a spot above ; abdomen 48-49, hind wing 43-44 mm. race pacijica.
FF. Sides of thorax with two pale stripes, that on the metepisternum
represented by only an inferior spot, labrum bordered and crossed
* Known from Texas, and may possibly occur in Mexico.
x2
156 NEUROPTERA.
with black, second pale antehumeral stripe represented only by a
superior spot, costa yellow anteriorly ; abdomen 44, hind wing 837 mm. 7. bifasciata.
EE. Face and labrum with no dark markings, sides of thorax with three pale
stripes distributed as in suasa, costa yellow anteriorly, second pale ante-
humeral stripe complete; abdomen 46-49, hind wing 37-42 mm. . . [stigmata.]
The females of G. obscura, Kirby, and tenwis, Hagen, have been omitted from this
key as I have not seen them; both probably belong to the same group as producta.
The female of volsella is unknown.
1. Gomphoides volsella, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 10, 10 @, 13, 14.)
&. Face and labrum bluish-olive, free margin of labrum bordered with pale brown, vertex and occiput darker,
obscure, hind margin of latter slightly bilobed, rear of head and labrum obscure brownish-yellow.
Prothorax chiefly green, a pair of dorsal brown spots.
Thorax predominantly green, the following stripes dark brown: mid-dorsal, antehumeral, humeral, one on
first lateral and one on second lateral sutures ; mid-dorsal brown stripe widest at mid-length ; pale green
area between mid-dorsal and antehumeral brown stripes much wider anteriorly (15 mm.) than posteriorly
(‘5 mm.), that between humeral and antehumeral brown stripes narrower than they are; brown stripes on
the lateral sutures narrow, ill-defined.
Abdomen dark brown to black, the following pale green or yellow: all of segment 1, most of 2 except a dark
brown band on each side of dorsum leaving between them a mid-dorsal green stripe as long as the
segment, basal third on 3 and 6, basal sixth on 4 and 5, basal half on 7, prolonged as a narrow mid-
dorsal stripe on 3-5 almost to their apices, a band on the dilated inferior lateral margins of 8 and 9,
perhaps a mid-dorsal basal spot on 8. (Fig. 14 shows the inferior margin of segment 9 too straight ; it
should be convex.)
Femora pale brown (or green ?), darker posteriorly ; tibiz and tarsi black.
Wings with a faint yellowish tinge at extreme base not reaching as far as the basal subcostal cross-vein.
Dimensions and other details are given on p. 154 and in the figures.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢).
This male, taken in April, bears considerable resemblance to a number of South-
American species described under Cyclophylla, but appears to differ from all in the
shape of the appendages.
2. Gomphoides elongata.
Cyclophylla elongata, Selys, Monogr. Gomph. p. 224, t. 12. fig. 5 (term. abd. segs. g') (1858)’; Bull.
Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 546 [20] (1859)*; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 384
(1899) *.
Gomphoides elongata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 113 (1861) *.
3. As compared with the most detailed description ', the Tepic male shows no dark colour on the labrum,
those from Guadalajara have brown on this part forming the pattern described as black. Pale bands
on the thorax yellow instead of olive (Guadalajara 3 3); first two lateral stripes as wide as, the last or
metepimeral wider than, the dark areas separating them, the metepimeral terminal with no dark colour
posterior to it (Guadalajara 5 ¢, Tepic ¢). ‘“Appendice inférieur rudimentaire ” not consisting of
*“‘ deux petites lames aplaties contigués”', but of a single piece notched at the tip and overlying the two
anal valves, or sternites of the eleventh segment, which are probably Selys’s “ deux lames.” Discoidal
triangle of front wings 2-celled (Guadalajara, 1 ¢ symmetrically, 1 ¢ asymmetrically), internal triangle
of hind wings 3-celled (Guadalajara, 2 ¢ asymmetrically).
2 (not hitherto described). Coloured much as the male described’, except for the differences above noted.
GOMPHOIDES. 157
Abdomen widest at segment 2, not notably enlarged before apex, lateral enlargements on 8 and 9 very
narrow, 10 half as long as 9, appendages subequal to 10, vulvar lamina reaching to one-third the length
of 9, bilobed, tips of lobes rounded, angle between less than 90°. Discoidal triangle of front wings
4-celled (Fuente 9 asym.), of hind wings 3-celled.
Antenodals, front wings, ¢ 15-17, 2 18-20; hind wings, g¢ 12-14, 9 14-16. Postnodals, front wings,
3 11-12, 9 11-13; hind wings, ¢ 12, 9 11-13.
Hab. Mexico124, Fuente (coll. P. P. C., ex coll. L. Mengel: 1 2), Tepic? (Kisen &
Vaslit, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Guadalajara (Schumann: 2 3), La Venta in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith: 1 2),
Taken in July (Guadalajara), September (La Venta), October and November (Tepic).
3. Gomphoides protracta. (Tab. VII. figg. 15, 16.)
Cyclophylla protracta, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 546 [20] (1859) ’.
Gomphoides protracta, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 113 (1861) *.
3. Wings not smoky in the Teapa example.
2. Vulvar lamina about one-sixth as long as segment 9, bilobed, tips of lobes rounded, interval separating
them varying from an angle less than 90° to almost semicircular. One 2 has the discoidal triangles of
hind wings 3-celled, and internal triangle of right hind wing 2-celled.
Both males and one female have the labrum bordered and crossed with reddish-brown.
Hab. Unirep Sratss, Texas, probably Corpus Christi or the Nueces River (S. £7.
Aaron’, A. N. S.: 1 3, 3 2).—MeExico, Matamoros! ?, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H.
Smith: 1 3). —
4, Gomphoides ambigua. (Tab. VII. figg. 17, 18.)
Gomphoides ambigua, Selys, Bull. Acad, Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 505 [61] (1873) '.
In the present material the following differences from the description’ of the unique female type are
observable: the first yellow antehumeral stripe touches the yellow of the anterior mesothoracic border
below and reaches the antealar sinus above, at which latter it is connected with the second yellow ante-
humeral stripe (humeral of Selys') (8 ¢, 2 9); or, with its upper end as above, the lower is barely
separated from the yellow of the anterior mesothoracic border (4 2); or, with its lower end barely
separated, its upper end reaches the antealar sinus, but is not connected with the second yellow ante-
humeral stripe (3 2). Front wings: antenodals, ¢ 15-21, 9 18-22; postnodals, ¢ 9-14, 2 9-13;
discoidal triangle 2-celled (2 ¢, one asymmetrically), 4-celled (2 9, one asym.); internal triangle free
(1 d), 3- and 4-celled (1 2 asym.). Hind wings: discoidal triangle free (1 ¢ on one side only),
3-celled (2 ¢, 2 Q one side only in each, 2 2 both sides); internal triangle 2-celled (1 2 on one side
only), 3-celled (1 2).
_ Saffron at base of wings hardly extending beyond the basal subcostal cross-vein, or almost absent.
Vulvar lamina about one-sixth as long as 9, a median basal ventral tubercle on 9. Appendages subequal
to 10.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (M. E. Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: one pair and
29), Santiago Iscuintla [1 ¢], Guadalajara [4 3,1 2] (Schumann) [1 3,2 2]
and El Castillo [2 ?](J. F. McClendon, coll. P. P. C.) in Jalisco; Guatemata!, San
Felipe (Hay & Mazon, U.S.N.M.: 23).
At one time I thought that Cyclophylla sordida, Selys, might be identical with
+O O05
158 NEUROPTERA.
G. ambigua. Mr. Kirby, however, has kindly informed me that the male type of
sordida in the British Museum has no notch at the hind margin of the tenth abdo-
minal segment, as these males have (see key, p. 154). See also Supplement, posted.
5. Gomphoides obscura.
Cyclophylla obscura, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ili. p. 369, t. xv. fig. 4 (entire insect) (1899)’.
Hab, PANAMA 1
Unknown to me. Apparently the single female on which the description is based
is immature, and similar to producta, but smaller. Mr. Kirby writes (Sept. 24,1904) :
“Certainly not ambigua. ‘There are several characters to separate them besides
coloration. One is that the inner side of the pterostigma and the nervule descending
from it are remarkably oblique in ambiqua.” Lack of material prevented Mr. Kirby
from making a comparison with producta.
6. Gomphoides suasa. (Tab. VII. figg. 19, 20.)
Gomphoides suasa, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 545 [19] (1859) '; (2) xxviii. p. 191 [28]
(1869) ?; (2) xxxvi. p. 503 [59] (1878) °; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 112 (1861) °*;
Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 3884 (1899) °.
Gomphoides perfida, Hagen, |. c. p. 112 (1861) °.
Hab. Mexico, Tampico (de Saussure?*), Tepic®, Atoyac (Schumann: 1 3 with
abd. seg. 8-10 lost, 2 @) in Vera Cruz (Sallé!), Tepetlapa and Tierra Colorada in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 2 9); Costa Rica, Escazu (C.F. Underwood: 1 3).
The superior appendages of the Escazu male differ slightly from the most detailed
description ®, as our figure shows. Mention has already been made (p. 153, antea)
of the dilated or foliaceous lateral margins of abdominal segments 8 and 9 of the
female, whose width on 8 is about ‘6 mm.
The Tepic, Guerrero, and Escazu examples were taken in October.
Race pacifica.
Gomphoides pacifica, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 504 [60] (1873)? ; Calvert, Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 8384 (1899) *.
Hab. Mrxico, Tepic?, Guadalajara (Schumann: 4 2), Puente de Ixtla in Morelos
(coll. Deam: 1 2), Dos Arroyos in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 @ ), “ Putla sur la céte
du Pacifique” }. |
Taken in July (Guadalajara, P. de Ixtla), September (Dos Arroyos), and October
(Tepic).
In describing this species, de Selys followed its name with “(Race de suasa 2)” },
and in the list of species in the same work (p. 525) did not give it specific rank, but
GOMPHOIDES.—ERPETOGOMPHUS. 159
placed it doubtfully as a race of suasa, which seems more probable, as only slight
colour-differences separate it from suasa.
7. Gomphoides bifasciata.
Gomphoides bifasciata, Hagen, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlvi. p. 663 [71] (1878) (?)?.
Gomphoides appendiculatus, Kirby, Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 368, t. 15. figg. 3 (entire
insect), 3a, 36 (apps. ¢) (1899) (¢)?.
Hab. Mexico, Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Ff. Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 @ type of
Hagen, with label in his handwriting, “ G. bifasciata, Hagen, an suasa?” 1); Panama
(Dolby-Tyler 2),
Mr. Kirby himself suggested ? the possible identity of appendiculata with bifasciata ;
and on comparing his description with the type of the latter, I think it probable, as
the differences, including those of size, are parallelled in the two sexes of ambiqua.
Judging from his figs. 3a, 36, the “lowest appendage” of the description? of
appendiculatus is a piece of dried excrement projecting from the anal opening.
ERPETOGOMPHUS.
Erpetogomphus, Selys, Monogr. Gomph. p. 69 (1858)*; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 535 [9]
(1859)?; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 98 (1861) °.
Herpetogomphus, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 42 (1875)*; Selys, Compt.-rend.
Soc. Ent. Belg. 1879, p. Ixiii*; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 60 (1890) °; Needham, Canad. Ent.
xxix. pp. 166, 168 (1897), xxxi. p. 234 (1899)°; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3),
Zool, i. p. 386 (1899) ’.
A very characteristic genus of the present fauna. Eleven species are now known,
ten of which have actually been found in Mexico or Central America. The eleventh,
E. compositus, is known from Texas and Arizona, and will doubtless be found in
Mexico; it has been reported from the Yellowstone and Oregon, which, with Ohio
and Indiana (E. designatus), are the most northern known limits of Hrpetogomphus.
To the south, Guatemala is at present the known limit; there is, however, a very
doubtful record from Brazil.
Reasons have been given elsewhere® for rejecting de Selys’s last arrangement ® of
the species. |
Synopsis of the Species.
Males.
A. Basal half of lower edge of superior appendages not (or very slightly)
enlarged in profile; if present, this enlargement forms at most an
inferior tubercle in the basal sixth or seventh.
B. Superior appendages with no prominent superior tooth; hind margin
of the occiput almost straight, or slightly concave at middle.
160 NEUROPTERA.
C. Superior appendages in the basal third with an inferior longitudinal
carina which terminates in a denticle, apical two-fifths curved
slightly downward ; lower margin of frons, most of nasus and base
of labrum dark brown ; abdomen 32, hind wing 245 mm. . .
CC. Superior appendages hardly carinate inferiorly except at extreme
base, the rudimentary carina not terminating in a denticle; face
without dark markings.
D. Apical third of superior appendages curved downward ; abdomen
33-37, hind wing 25-830 mm. . . . oe
DD. Apical third of superior appendages nearly straight ; ‘abdomen
80-35, hind wing 25-27 mm. a
BB. Superior appendages with a prominent, abrupt, superior tooth at
two-thirds their length, apical third curved strongly downward,
their lower edge carinate only at the extreme base and without
denticles ; the two branches of the inferior appendage each with
a slender, superior, depressed, anteriorly-directed tooth on the inner
margin near the base ; hind margin of the occiput slightly concave ;
lower margin of frons, most of nasus and of labrum dark brown;
abdomen 83°5, hind wing 28mm. . . .
AA. Basal half of lower edge of superior appendages markedly enlarged j in
profile, longitudinally carinate ; face without distinct dark markings.
E. Inferior carina of superior appendages terminating in a distinct denticle
at one-third the length of the appendages, hind margin of the occiput
convex ; abdomen 34-36, hind wing 30-825 mm... . . .
EE. Inferior carina of superior appendages not terminating in a denticle.
F. Dark submedian thoracic stripes absent.
G. Tibie superiorly yellow or with yellow lines; abdomen 383-36,
hind wing 28-31 mm.
GG. Tibiz brown ; abdomen 39, hind \ wing 35 1 mm. (from de Selys’s s
description) . . . - 2 1 1 + se we .
FF. Dark submedian thoracic stripes present, tibice superiorly black.
H. Hind margin of occiput slightly convex, no distinct median
swelling on the upper occipital surface, superior appendages
not angulate superiorly, brown antehumeral stripe reaching
to the mesinfraepisternum; abdomen 386-38, hind wing
30-32°5 mm. oe . - ee .
HH. Hind margin of occiput elevated in the middle, a median
swelling on the upper occipital surface, superior appendages
convexly angulate at half their length, brown antehumeral
stripe not reaching to the mesinfraepisternum; abdomen 36—-
39°5, hind wing 80-82 mm... . 2. . . - we en
l. eutainia.
2. viperinus.
3. elaps.
4. ophibolus.
5. cophias.
6. crotalinus.
7. boa.
[9. compositus.]
. 10. designatus.
ERPETOGOMPHUS.
Females.
A. Occiput with a posterior tubercle on each side, its hind margin concave ;
lobes of the vulvar lamina in contact, each lobe rounded at tip and
reaching to one-fourth the length of abdominal segment 9; tibiee supe-
riorly black ; abdomen 35°5-37'5, hind wing 32°5-34°5 mm.
AA, Occiput with no posterior tubercles.
B. Hind margin of occiput almost straight or occasionally bilobed, dark
submedian thoracic stripes absent.
C. Tibi superiorly yellow or with yellow lines, hind margin of the
occiput with a median notch, no dark stripes on the thorax ;
abdomen 33-87, hind wing 29-35 mm. , oe ee es
CC. Tibiz superiorly black, no median noteh i in the hind margin of the
occiput, dark brown antehumeral and humeral stripes present, the
former reaching to the mesinfraepisternum ; abdomen 35-37, hind
wing 31-32 mm. woe ee : a
BB. Hind margin of occiput concave, or trilobed with the median lobe
lower than the lateral lobes; tibiz black superiorly.
D. Lobes of the vulvar lamina separated by an almost quadrangular or
U-shaped interval three to four times as wide as the width of either
lobe ; abdomen 31-35, hind wing 27-32 mm. . .
DD. Lobes of the vulvar lamina separated by a triangular or semi-
circular interval half as wide to as wide as the width of either lobe
at its base.
E. First and second lateral * thoracic sutures without dark stripes ;
dorsal yellow on the middle of abdominal segments 3-6 of nearly
equal width, or elliptical.
F, Dark antehumeral and humeral stripes united superiorly, no
traces of submedian thoracic dark stripes; abdomen 35-37,
hind wing 31-32 mm. . a woe
FF. Dark antehumeral and humeral stripes not united above, sub-
median dorsal thoracic stripes (or traces of them) present ;
abdomen 31:5-35, hind wing 28-80 mm. . oo.
EE. First and second lateral thoracic sutures each with a well-
developed dark stripe; dorsal yellow on 3-6 much wider at
half than at one-fourth the length of the segment, forming a
lozenge-shaped spot on the middle ; abdomen 34-838, hind wing
30-35 mm.
161
5. cophias.
6. crotalinus.
8. sipedon, form a.
3. elaps.
8. sipedon, form 6.
2. viperinus.
[9. compositus. |
* Jt should be observed that my usage of these terms does not correspond with that of Prof. Needham.
What I, following de Selys (Monogr. Calopt. p. 11 ; Monogr. Gomph. p. 29) and Rambur (Neévr. p. 8), have
called the humeral, first lateral and second lateral sutures (Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. pp. 159-160, t. 2.
fig. 13) are termed by Prof. Needham “ first (humeral), second and third latural sutures” respectively
(Bull. 47, N. Y. State Mus. p. 434, fig. 10 B).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., June 1905.
y
162 NEUROPTERA.
BBB. Hind margin of occiput distinctly highest in the middle, tibize
superiorly black.
G. Brown antehumeral stripe not reaching to the mesinfraepisternum,
a median tubercle on the upper occipital surface, yellow on middle
of abdominal segments 3-6 not completely encircling them ;
abdomen 34'5-38, hind wing 32°5-83'5 mm. . . 2 © © + © + 10. designatus.
GG. Brown antehumeral stripe reaching to mesinfraepisternum, no
median tubercle on the upper occipital surface, yellow on middle
of segments 3-6 forming a narrow transverse band completely
encircling each segment ; abdomen 33°5, hind wing 28mm. . . . [11]. diadophis.]
E. menetriesi is omitted from this synopsis as it was described from such an
imperfect specimen as to prevent its inclusion. The males of sipedon and diadophis
and the females of eutainia and ophibolus are unknown; the female described as boa
is, I suspect, crotalinus: all these are likewise missing from the key. In naming the
new species I have followed the ‘“‘ ophidian” example set by de Selys.
1. Erpetogomphus eutainia, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 24-27, 39.)
3. Head and thorax pale green, with the following dark brown: occiput, vertex, antenne; a narrow,
transverse, superior frontal stripe in front of the antenne, continuous at the sides with a transverse
stripe running along the inferior margin of the frons; most of the nasus, base and a narrow border on
the free margin of the labrum; most of the dorsal surface of the middle, and a spot at the base of the
hind, prothoracic lobe; anterior mesothoracic margin, a right and a left submedian, dorsal, thoracic
stripe, separated from each other for most part of their length by the pale mid-dorsal carina, but
narrowly confluent below with the anterior margin (combined width of these two submedians greatest,
about 1:3 mm., at mid-height, thence narrowing both above and below); an antehumeral and a humeral
stripe, reaching the antealar sinus above, confluent by a bridge of brown shortly below their upper
ends, which remain separated, the antehumeral confluent below with the anterior marginal brown
(pale green area between submedian and antehumeral brown stripes gradually widening from above
downward); a line on the (obsolete) first and on the second lateral sutures.
Abdomen largely dark brown, with the following pale green or yellow: all of segment 1; a mid-dorsal stripe,
auricles and sides inferiorly on 2; a mid-dorsal stripe on 3-5 transversely expanded on the middle of
each into a band almost encircling the body, continuous on 3 and 4 with a transverse basal ring ; sides
of 3 inferiorly in basal third ; two transverse bands on 6, one basal, one median ; basal two-thirds of 7.
The sides of segments 8 and 9 and much of 10 have a reddish-brown tint.
Superior appendages yellowish, inferior more reddish (for the shapes of these and of the parts of the second
segment, see the figures and pages 159, 160).
Wings slightly yellowish especially near the base, costa with a yellow line anteriorly ; pterostigma dark
reddish-brown between black veins, surmounting 4~54 cells, its costal margin on front wings 3 mm.
long. Front wings: 14 antenodals, 9-10 postnodals, two post-triangular rows increasing to three at the
level of the second or third postnodal. Hind wings: 10 antenodals, 10 postnodals, three post-triangular
cells, then two rows increasing at the level of the last or next to the last antenodal.
Femora pale green, dark brown anteriorly for their whole length on 1, distal half on 2, distal third on 3;
tibize and tarsi black. For dimensions, see page 160.
2 unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢ ).
This male, taken in October, bears a considerable colour-resemblance to the females
described below as diadophis. The differences in size, in the shape of the occiput, and
ERPETOGOMPHUS. 163
in details of the brown antehumeral and humeral stripes have induced me, as a matter
of caution, to keep them separate until definite evidence to the contrary is produced.
2. Erpetogomphus viperinus. (Tab. VII. figg. 5, 5a, 43.)
Erpetogomphus viperinus, Selys, Compt.-rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi. p. lxviii (1868)*; Bull. Acad.
Belg. (2) xxviii. p. 176 [13] (1869) ?.
Herpetogomphus viperinus, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) i., Zool. p. 385, t. 25. figg. 1, 5
(vulv. lam. ? , apps. g) (1899) *.
Costa blackish only in the Zapote female, in all others (¢ 9) yellow anteriorly ; brown humeral stripe
represented in some by a superior spot only, this independent of locality; abdominal appendages of
female pale, pale spot on segment 7 often very wide. (Cf.?*.)
Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Kisen & Vaslit*), Tuxpan in Jalisco (McClendon, coll. P. P. C.:
2 3), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann: 3 2), Orizaba (Boucard!2), Puente de Ixtla
in Morelos (coll. Deam: 1 2), Venta de Zopilote [1 3 |, Tierra Colorada [1 ¢ ] and
Dos Arroyos [1 ? ] in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Guaremaua, San Gerdnimo [46,22]
and Zapote (1 2 | (Champion).
Taken in the Mexican localities from June to October. The males from Guerrero
have the apical portion of the inferior appendage less strongly curved upward than in
those from San Gerénimo, which latter agree with the figure? from Tepic.
3. Erpetogomphus elaps. (Tab. VII. fig. 44.)
Erpetogomphus elaps, Selys, Monogr. Gomph. pp. 70, 431, t. 4. figg. 4.a-e (details ¢) (1858)' ;
Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 588 [12] (1859)*; l.c. (2) xxviii. p. 175 [12] (1869) *. .
Gomphus elaps, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 100 (1861) *.
Herpetogomphus elaps, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 386, t. 25. fig. 2 (vulv.
lam. ¢ ) (1899) *.
Hab. Mexico! (coll. McLachlan: 1 2 with label “ Erpetogomphus elaps, Selys,” in
Selys’s hand), Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit®), Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 3) [1 3] and
Tuxpan [1 ¢, 2 2] in Jalisco (McClendon, coll. P. P. C.), Huatusco in Vera Cruz
(coll. Adams: 1 ¢ ), Orizaba (Boucard*), Cuernavaca (Boucard *) (coils. Deam, W. L.
Tower: 2 3), Chilpancingo [3 ¢, 2 9], Tepetlapa [1 9], and Rincon [1 ¢, 1 9]
in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Atlihuacan (Saussure*+); Guatemata, San Gerénimo
(Champion: 1 3).
Taken from June to November in Mexico. From the material before me, the
inferior appendage of the male should be described as one-half shorter than the
superiors, rather than one-third!. Brown stripes on the thorax are present in older,
not in young, imagos. |
4. Erpetogomphus ophibolus, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 30-32, 46.)
d. Head chiefly dark brown, the following green: most of the frons, except for transverse narrow stripes in
front of the antenne and along the inferior margin; a transverse streak or a pair of spots on the labrum
near its free margin, bases of the mandibles, labium.
164 NEUROPTERA.
Prothorax pale green, dorsum of middle lobe brown, with a pair of small median green spots.
Thorax pale green, with the following dark brown: anterior mesothoracic margin; a right and a left
submedian stripe contiguous to the mid-dorsal carina, abruptly narrowed below, where they are barely
confluent with the marginal brown, reaching the antealar sinus above and narrowly connected along it
with the brown humeral stripe; an antehumeral and a humeral stripe confluent above and below and
only separated for the middle of their length by a pale line, the antehumeral not reaching the antealar
sinus above; a stripe on the (obsolete) first and on the second lateral sutures, the former widening near
its lower end to reach the metastigma, and fusing, or tending to fuse, near its upper end, with the
second lateral sutural stripe ; a stripe near the posterior margin of the metepimeron, fusing with the
stripe in front behind the base of the third legs. The pale areas between the submedian and ante-
humeral brown stripes widen from above downward and at mid-height are subequal in width to the
brown antehumeral, those between the brown stripes on the sides of the thorax subequal to them in
width.
Abdomen dark brown or blackish, with the following pale green or yellow: most of segment 1, a mid-dorsal
longitudinal stripe, auricles, and sides inferiorly of 2; a mid-dorsal stripe on 3-6 reaching from the base
of each backward, to seven-eighths length on 3, four-fifths on 4, half on 5 and 6; basal fourth to fifth
on each side inferiorly of 3—6, basal three-fifths of 7. The sides of segments 8 and 9 and much of 10
have a reddish tinge.
Superior appendages yellow in the basal half, darker in the apical half; inferior appendage still darker (for
the shape, &c., see figures and page 160).
Wings clear, with some pale yellow at the extreme base, costa with a yellow line anteriorly, at least to the
nodus; pterostigma dark reddish-brown between black veins, surmounting 43-6 cells, costal edge on
front wings 3-3°75 mm. long. Front wings: 15-17 antenodals, 12-13 postnodals, two post-triangular
rows increasing to three at the level of the nodus or slightly beyond. Hind wings: 11-13 antenodals,
12-14 postnodals, three post-triangular cells, then two rows increasing a short distance proximal to the
level of the nodus.
Femora greenish, dark brown superiorly for the whole length on 1, for the distal half on 2 and 3; tibie and
tarsi black.
Dimensions.— (See p. 160.)
2 unknown.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 2 3).
These two males, taken in May, are remarkable for their appendages, the superiors
and the two branches of the inferior having each a well-marked superior tooth, directed
posteriorly in the former, anteriorly in the latter. The teeth on the inferior appendages
recall those of the European Onychogomphus uncatus.
5. Erpetogomphus cophias. (Tab. VII. figg. 28, 33, 45.)
Erpetogomphus cophias, Selys, Monogr. Gomph. pp. 72, 481, t. 4. figg. 6 a—-d (details ¢) (1858) ';
Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 537 [11] (1859) ?*; 1. c. (2) xxviii. p. 175 [12] (1869) °.
Gomphus cophias, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 100 (1861) *.
¢. The markings on abdominal segments 8 and 9 vary from those described! for the single male type to the
entire dorsum of those two segments black with a pair of minute basal pale spots on 8, sides of 8 and 9
' yellow inferiorly, but the extreme lateral margins black ; pterostigma surmounting 33-5 cells.
Hab. Mexico (Sallé, Mus. Paris'?), Trojes del Oro (Saussure 34), Cuernavaca
(H. H. Smith: 4 3; Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 2; coll. Deam: 2 2 ), Omilteme in
Guerrero (Hl. H. Smith: 1 @ ).
Taken at the last two localities in June and July.
ERPETOGOMPHUS. 165
6. Erpetogomphus crotalinus.
Ophiogomphus crotalinus, Hagen, in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 40 [21] (1854) °.
Erpetogomphus crotalinus, Selys and Hagen, Monogr. Gomph. p. 72 (excl. syn.), t. 4. figg. 5 a-1
(details g 9) (1858)? ; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxviii. p. 174 [11] (1869) °.
Gomphus crotalinus, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 101 (excl. syn.) (1861) *.
? Erpetogomphus boa, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 537 [11] (1859) (? only)’.
The “deux bandes médianes”? are entirely absent in the present material, the third tibie may have a
superior black line as well as the first and second*; pterostigma surmounting 33-64 cells.
Hab. Muxtco (Mus. Berol. 124) (M. C. Z.: 1 ¢ labelled “ tineatus” “ Mus. Berol.” ;
U.S. N. M.: 2 3), Chihuahua (If. Kerr: 1 3), Durango (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
7 3), Guadalajara (Schumann: 43,49, one of the males with label “ Herp.
crotalinus” in Hagen’s hand; McClendon, coll. P. P. C.: 28,12), and Zapopan
(coll. W. L. Tower: 12 ) in Jalisco [1 ], Mexico city [1 2 ] (Schumann), Cuernavaca
(Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P. C.: 83,2 9; coll. McLachlan: 1 3, with label
“ Herpetogomphus erotalinus, Hag.,” in MclL.’s hand), Oaxaca (L. O. Howard, U. S.
N. M.: 1 2).
Taken from May to October. (See also under H. boa below.)
7. Erpetogomphus boa.
Erpetogomphus boa, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 537 [11] (1859) (¢ only) *.
Gomphus boa, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 100 (1861) ?.
Hab, Mexico, Vera Cruz (Sallé ! 2).
I have not been able to find this species in the material before me. I am inclined
to think that the female which de Selys described as boa may not be conspecific with
the male, owing to the difference which he gives in colour of the tibie of the two
sexes. Such a difference is not met with in the two sexes of any other member of this
genus. The supposed female of 40a agrees strongly with that of crotalinus and is, I
venture to think, really that species. See also the remarks under sipedon.
8. Erpetogomphus sipedon, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 34, 40, 42.)
¢o unknown.
Q. Head and thorax pale green, the following dark brown: a spot on each side of the dorsum of the middle
prothoracic lobe, an antehumeral stripe not reaching to the antealar sinus above but to the anterior
mesothoracic margin below, confluent near its upper end with a superior humeral spot which is prolonged
downward to half, or the entire, length of the humeral suture.
Abdomen chiefly blackish, the following pale green or yellow: a mid-dorsal stripe, for the entire length of
segments 1-6 and four-fifths length of 7, trilobed on 2-7, confluent with a pale transverse basal ring
on 4~7; sides of 1-9 inferiorly, all of 10.
Appendages a little longer than segment 10, slender, tapering to acute apices, pale yellow. Vulvar lamina
(see fig. 34).
Femora, pale green, with a dark brown stripe anteriorly for the entire length of 1, the greater distal part of 2,
and the distal third of 3; tibie and tarsi black, the former with a yellow line on the anterior and
posterior edges or on the anterior edges only.
166 NEUROPTERA.
Wings clear, very pale yellow at the base, costa yellow anteriorly, pterostigma yellowish-brown within black
veins, surmounting 4-64 cells. Front wings: 13 antenodals, 8-9 postnodals, two post-triangular rows
to the level of the first or second postnodal. Hind wings: 9-11 antenodals, 10-12 postnodals, three
post-triangular cells, then two rows increasing to three proximal to the level of the nodus.
Two forms of occiput exist in the present material: a, type-form, the hind margin almost straight (Tab. VII.
fig. 40), and 6, the hind margin slightly concave or slightly trilobed (Tab. VII. fig. 42). As this does
not appear to be associated with any other difference, [ cannot but regard all the following females as
conspecific.
Dimensions.—(See page 161.)
Hab. Muxico, [a] Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 2; McClendon, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2),
[6] Matamoros in Puebla (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 9), Cuernavaca (coll. Deam:
39).
Taken in July and September at Guadalajara, elsewhere in July. It is possible that
these females may be E. boa, but the description of the male of that species is too
brief to enable a decision to be reached.
[9. Erpetogomphus compositus. (Tab. VII. figg. 29, 38.)
Erpetogomphus compositus, Hagen, Monogr. Gomph. p. 400, t. 20. fig. 2 (apex abd. ? ) (1858) * ;
Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 586 [10] (1859) ?; (2) xxxv. p. 740 [12] (1873) °; Hagen,
Rep. U. 8. Surv. Terr. 1873, p. 597 (1874) *. '
Gomphus compositus, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 99 (1861) °.
Herpetogomphus compositus, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 42 (1875) °; U.S. Geogr.
Surv. (Wheeler’s) v., Zool. p. 918 (1875) "; Currie, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 303 (1908) *.
Herpetogomphus vipirinus (sic), Hagen, Rep. U.S. Surv. Terr. 1872, p. 727 (1873) ° (teste Hagen‘).
The anterior and posterior edges of the tibiz have a yellow line upon them in some individuals; the dorsal
black on the eighth abdominal segment of these females is broad, not pointed, anteriorly and extends to
the base.
Hab. Untrep Staves, Oregon 3, “le nord de la Californie” ( Walsingham ®), Yellow-
stone®; Bright Angel ®, Phoenix (Aunze, coll. Adams; 1 ¢ ) and Florence (Biedermann,
coll. A. N. S.: 1 3) in Arizona (M. C. Z., C. U. lot 35: 8 3,3 @, see footnote
page 104 anted), San Ildefonso (Yarrow) in New Mexico’, Dallas® and Pecos River
(Pope 1°) in Texas.
Surely this species will be found in Mexico. |
10. Erpetogomphus designatus.,
Erpetogomphus designatus, Hagen, Monogr. Gomph. p. 401, t. 20. figg. la—j (details J 2?) (1858) °;
Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) vii. p. 586 [10] (1859) *.
Gomphus designatus, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 99 (1861) °.
Herpetogomphus designatus, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 42 (1875)*; Trans. Amer.
Ent, Soc. xii. p. 255 (nymph) (1885) *; Banks, Ent. News, v. p. 179 (1894) °; Adams, Ent.
News, xi. p. 622 (1900)"; Williamson, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1901, t. 1. fig. 2 (venat.
detail) °; Ent. News, xiv. p. 226 (1908) °.
ERPETOGOMPHUS. 167
Hab. Untrep Sratzs, Ohio and Indiana (£. B. Williamson, in litt., Oct. 30, 1903),
Agee to Offet (coll. Adams: 1 3 ) in Tennessee 9, Marion County, Arkansas’, Kansas °,
Pecos River !23 (Pope, M. 0. Z.: 2 3), Dallas®, Waco 4, Round Mt. (Schaupp, colls.
P.P.C., A. N.S, Amer. Ent. Soc.: 15 3,3 9 ), and San Antonio® (A. Agassiz,
M. C. Z.: 12; Schaupp, Am. Ent. Soc.: 1 3), all in Texas (colls. McLachlan,
A. N.8., Am. Ent. Soc.: 2 3, 2 2 ).—Mzxico, Monclova (Palmer, M. C. Z.: 1 2).
The Tennessee male quoted has the convex angulation of the upperside of the
superior appendages rather more pronounced and tooth-like than any of the others,
but perhaps this is an individual peculiarity.
[11. Erpetogomphus diadophis, sp. n. (Tab. VII. figg. 35, 47.)
3 unknown.
2. Head and thorax yellowish-green, the following brown: a transverse line on the frons superiorly in front
of the antenne, on the fronto-nasal suture, in the depressions of the nasus and on the basal articulation
of the labrum (all these lines paler brown than the following) ; vertex, occiput, much of the rear of the
head; dorsum of the middle prothoracic lobe, except a pair of small median spots, an indistinct streak
along the anterior mesothoracic margin ; a pair of submedian dorsal thoracic stripes, separated from each
other only by the pale mid-dorsal carina, not reaching the anterior margin below but reaching the ante-
alar sinus above, widest at mid-height ; an antehumeral stripe reaching the mesinfraepisternum below
but not the antealar sinus above, a narrower complete humeral stripe, a line on the (obsolete) first and
on the second lateral sutures. Pale area between the dark submedian and antehumeral stripes widening
from above downward, subequal in width at mid-height to the latter ; pale area between dark ante-
humeral and humeral subequal in width to the latter.
Abdomen dark brown or blackish, the following parts pale green or yellow: most of segment 1, a mid-dorsal
stripe for the whole length of 2, and the first three-quarters of 3 and 4, confluent on 3 and 4 with a
transverse median band which encircles the body ; a similar transverse band on 5-7, interrupted on 7 by
a mid-dorsal brown line; sides of 2 inferiorly, a basal lateral spot on 3-7. Segments 8-10 obscure
brownish, paler on the sides. Appendages longer than 10, shorter than 9, obscure brownish, acute
at tip.
Vulvar lamina (see figure) followed on segment 9 by a semicircular groove whose convexity is directed
backward.
Femora pale green or yellow, anteriorly blackish for their entire length, although hardly more than a line on
the proximal half of the third ; tibiz and tarsi black.
Wings very pale yellowish at base, especially near the anterior margin, costa with a yellow line anteriorly,
pterostigma dark brown within black veins, surmounting 43-63 cells, costal edge on front wings 3-5 mm.
long. Front wings: 13-14 antenodals, 9-10 postnodals, two post-triangular rows increasing at the leyel
of the second postnodal or beyond. Hind wings: 10 antenodals, 9-11 postnodals, three post-triangular
cells, then two rows increasing at the level of the last or next to the last antenodal.
Dimensions.—(See page 162.)
Hab. Unirep States, Texas (coll. McLachlan: 2 2).
The resemblance and the differences between these females and the male described
as E. eutainia have been alluded toon page 162. For a time I had thought it possible
that these females might be £. menetriesi, but the differences in the shape of the
occiput and perhaps in the colouring of the abdomen seem to preclude this, They
are similar to designatus, but the differences are pointed out on page 162. ]
168 NEUROPTERA.
12. Erpetogomphus menetriesi ?
Gomphus menetriesii, Selys, Rev. Odon. Eur. p. 102 (1850) ’.
Ophiogomphus (?) menetriesii, Selys, Bull, Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 39 [20] (1854) *.
? Herpetogomphus menetriesii, Selys, 1. c. (2) xlvi. p. 429 [24] (1878) °.
Erpetogomphus crotalinus, Selys, Monogr. Gomph. p. 75 (1858) (in part.) -
Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Paris & coll. Selys *).—t Braz (Mus. St. Petersb.1? 4),
The type was a male whose appendages were lacking; its description!?* is very
brief and affords no certainty of identification. Ina second pair, from Guatemala,
which furnished the basis of the description of 18783, the last four abdominal segments
of the male were lost. In view of the absence of these parts, of the practical certainty
that the Guatemalan male was never compared with the type*, and of the circumstance
that a “Brazilian” female described in 18584 is stated to have the “tibias noirs
bilignés de jaune en dehors,” abdominal segment 9 “noir en dessus avec une tache
dorsale ronde touchant le bord postérieur,” while the Guatemalan pair have the tibie
“ noirdtres ” and in the female ‘“‘les quatre derniers segments paraissent jaunatres sans
taches”°, it is open to question whether the Guatemalan examples be really menetriesi
or not. It is also worthy of note that the Brazilian pair were doubtfully referred to
crotalinus in 1858, while the Guatemalan individuals were compared to designatus and
compositus *.
Of the Brazilian locality of menetriesit type, Selys wrote in 18782 that it “serait
alors le résultat trés-probable d’une erreur d’étiquette, car on n’a encore trouvé aucune
espéce de ce groupe dans l’Amérique méridionale.”
*CYANOGOMPHUS.
Cyanogomphus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxv. p. 753 [26] (1873) '; Ann. Soe. Ent. Belg. xxxviii.
p. 178 (1894) °
To the characters of this genus, as given on page 147, may be added that the hind
wings have three rows of cells in the widest part of the area between the second sector
of the triangle and the hind margin. Owing to the brevity of the existing descrip-
tions! 2, I am not sure that the following species is correctly referred to Cyanogomphus.
The two known species, from Demerara and Brazil, are said to have the sectors of the
arculus well separated at their origin, and the discoidal triangle of the hind wings
almost equilateral.
* Hagen has this remark under Gomphus crotalinus (Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 101): “ G. menetriesi, from
Brazil, very likely, does not differ from this species ; but the typical specimen being destroyed, other specimens
are. to be observed.”
CYANOGOMPHUS.—EPIGOMPHUS. 169
1. Cyanogomphus (?) tumens, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 11, 114, 41.)
¢ unknown.
Q. Head and thorax pale green, obscure on the face and on the sides of the thorax; vertex, occiput, and
thoracic dorsum brown, darker on the last, where the brown forms a pair of submedian stripes only
separated by the pale carina, a complete antehumeral stripe reaching from the antealar sinus to the
anterior mesothoracic margin, and an ill-defined line on the humeral suture. The pale green antehumeral
area thus left between the dark submedian and antehumeral stripes is about one and a half times wider
at its lower than at its upper end and is narrower throughout than either of the two dark stripes, of its
own side of the body, between which it lies.
Abdomen dark brown, evidently much faded, but the following pale markings can be detected: all of seg-
ment 1, a mid-dorsal line and the sides inferiorly of 2, the sides of 3-5 inferiorly from base to transverse
submedian suture of each, a mid-dorsal line on 3-5, for the whole length of 3, but shorter on 4 and 5.
Legs pale, distal ends of the femora and the tarsi black.
Rear of the head superiorly swollen on each side behind the eyes, the swollen portions continuous with the
occiput and extending outward and downward along each posterior eye-margin to about the level of the
upper surface of the frons; when the head is viewed from the side, the point where the swelling ceases
inferiorly is seen to coincide with a posteriorly-directed obtuse angulation of the posterior eve-margin.
Abdomen widest at the base of segment 2, thence narrowing to the middle of 3, thence of uniform width to
the base of 7, thence gradually widening to the base of 10, which is not quite so wide as the base of 2,
7-10 of successively decreasing length, posterior margin of 9 produced in the mid-dorsal line to
overlap 10. ‘Appendages slightly shorter than the lateral margin of segment 10, dark-coloured.
Vulvar lamina reaching to half the length of 9, bifid in its apical two-fifths, the two divisions separated by an
angular interval of less than 90°, their tips subacute and directed slightly outward, the distance between
them almost twice the width of either division at base.
Wings clear, reticulation dark; pterostigma dark brown within black veins, surmounting 4-5 cells, its costal
edge on the front wings 3°5 mm. long. Front wings: 15 antenodals, 8-10 postnodals, Hind wings:
11-12 antenodals, 9 postnodals. cot
Dimensions. —Abdomen 35; hind wing 25 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 19).
Mr. McLachlan saw a photograph of the venation of this insect and wrote
(28. vii. 03): “Ido not recognise the... photo.” .
The specific name alludes to the peculiar character of the rear of the head.
EPIGOMPHUS.
Epiyomphus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 59 [40] (1854)?; (2) xxviii. p. 188 [25]
(1869) ?; (2) xxxv. p. 754 [27] (1878)*; (2) xlvi. p. 468 [63] (1878) *; Monogr. Gomph.
p. 84 (1858) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 71 (1890) °. Calvert, Ent. News, xiv. pp. 184, 186
(1908) *.
In a synopsis of this genus’ published in 1903, six species were distinguished,
extending from Mexico to Bolivia and Southern Brazil. Since then an additional
representative has come to light from Costa Rica. ‘The colouring is almost identical
in all the species, so that the descriptions of de Selys will in this respect also answer
for those more recently described. The females of only two species of the present
fauna are known.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., June 1905. Z
170 NEUROPTERA.
Synopsis of the Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. One pale green antehumeral stripe and a more posterior, superior,
antehumeral spot, the latter representing the upper end of the second
antehumeral stripe of AA.
Males.
Abdominal segment 10 with a dorsal tubercle, spinulose at tip, one-fourth as
high as 10 is at its hind margin, somewhat elongated transversely and
divided by a shallow median emargination into right and left halves.
Superior appendages slightly shorter than segment 10; in dorsal view :
outer and inner edges'of each one slightly divergent, each edge almost
straight, the inner edge a little longer than the outer, owing to the apex
being truncated slightly obliquely ; in profile view: bent downward shortly
after the base, apical fourth rather abruptly contracted both above and
below, the tip being formed by the inner angle of the truncation above
mentioned and its lower edge bearing 3-4 denticles. Inferior appendage
about one and one-third times as long as the superiors, directed
upward, bifid in its apical three-fifths ; each branch regularly tapering,
about as long as its own width at base and bearing a strong, carinate,
superior tooth at slightly more than half its length, this tooth conspicuous
in profile view ; interval between the two branches triangular, distance
between their tips slightly less than the width of either branch at base.
Abdomen about 41, hind wing 34mm. . . . . . 1. ee OL camelus.
Abdominal segment 10 with no dorsal tubercle, a double median group of
spinules taking its place.
Superior appendages somewhat longer than segment 10, each one, in dorsal
view, having the inner edge concave or waved, the outer convex and angu-
late at two-thirds length, whence the appendage is obliquely truncated
backwardly and inwardly to forma rather acute apex ; in profile, upper
and lower edges divergent to the apex, which is emarginated almost in
a semicircle, thus forming two rather acute tips, only the upper of
which is clearly visible in dorsal view as the apex. Inferior appendage
three-fourths as long as the superiors, widely bifid in its apical half,
branches less divaricate than the superiors, each branch with an acute,
superior, basal tooth near the outer margin and a bifid apex (seen in
dorsal view), the outer division of which is the larger and is directed
laterally outward, while the inner division is directed backward, no
apical tuft of hairs; right and left edges of inferior appendage slightly
diverging, so that the distance between the tips of its branches is a
little more than twice the width of either branch at base, opposite
edges of the two branches at first subparallel or even converging, then
widely diverging. Abdomen 39-40°5, hind wing 33-5 mm... . . 2 qguadracies.
Superior appendages slightly longer than segment 10 (which is greatly
swollen), similar in dorsal view to those of guadracies ; in profile view :
directed downward, apex obliquely truncated upwardly (dorsad) and
EPIGOMPHUS., 171
backwardly (caudad), the truncated margin crenulate. Inferior
appendage three-fourths as long as the superiors, bifid in its apical
half, branches much less divaricate than the superiors, each branch
with a simple obtuse apex and 4-5 superior denticles in a row parallel
to its imner margin, the last denticle the largest and the only one
visible in profile view; right and left sides of the inferior appendage
almost straight, slightly diverging, so that the distance between the
tips of the branches is a little more than twice the width of either
branch at base, opposite edges of the two branches at first subparallel,
then widely diverging. Abdomen 42, hind wing 37-38 mm. . . . 3. tumefactus.
Females.
Spines of the distal half of the antero-inferior row, third femora, 5 in number,
much longer than the spines on any other part of these, or of the first or
second, femora, and nearly as long as the tibial spines, femora pale yellow
(teneral) ; pterostigma of front wings 4 mm. long; median dorsal third
of occiput slightly elevated, no (or but rudimentary) lateral superior
tubercles. Abdominal segments 1-5 19, hind wing 834mm. . . . . 2. quadracies.
AA. Two narrow pale green or yellow antehumeral stripes, the posterior one very
close to the humeral suture.
- Males.
Abdominal segment 10 convex and slightly swollen dorsally, no tubercle, but
with a double median group of spinules representing it. Superior appen-
dages slightly longer than segment 10, each one, in dorsal view, having
the outer and inner edges almost parallel, apex obliquely truncated back-
wardly (caudad) and inwardly. (mesad), both the outer and inner angles
of the truncation slightly produced ; in profile view: curved downward,
especially in the apical half, terminating in a truncated, crenulate apex.
Inferior appendage as long as the superiors, widely bifid in its apical
three-fourths, branches less divaricate than the superiors, with no superior
teeth or apical tuft, and simple slightly upturned apices; right and left
sides of the inferior appendage slightly diverging, so that the distance
between the tips of its branches is more than twice the width of either
branch at base, interval between the two branches triangular. Abdomen
37°5-41°5, hind wing 88-36 mm. . . . . ww eee ee ee A Subobtususs.
Females.
Spines of the distal half of the antero-inferior row, third femora, much longer
than the spines on any other part of these, or of the first or second,
femora, and nearly as long as the tibial spines, femora pale brown;
pterostigma of front wings 3 mm. long ; occiput with no median eleva-
tion, but with a well-marked superior tubercle each side. Hind wing
85mm... ee ee ee eee we ee ww A Sudo btususs.
g2
172 NEUROPTERA.
1. Epigomphus camelus, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 1-3.)
Description, page 170.
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 1 ¢).
The specific name is an allusion to the “two-humped ” tubercle on the dorsum of
the tenth abdominal segment.
2, Epigomphus quadracies. (Tab. VII. fig. 36; Tab. VIL. figs. 4, 5.)
Epigomphus quadracies, Calvert, Ent. News, xiv. pp. 188-191 (1903)
~ Hab. Guaremata, San Isidro (Champion: 1 31); Panama, Chiriqui! (coll. McLachlan :
1 3 with label “ Ep. subodtusus, S.,” in Selys’s hand, 1 @ abd. segs. 5-10 lost).
It is rather surprising that de Selys should have so identified the Chiriqui male, as
the differences in the appendages are very considerable.
3. Epigomphus tumefactus. (Tab. VIII. figg. 6, 7.)
Epigomphus tumefactus, Calvert, Ent. News, xiv. pp. 188, 190, 191, t. 8. fig. 4 (venation, outline
of body) (1908) ’.
Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers; 2 31), Carrillo (Underwood: 1 ¢ ).
4, Epigomphus subobtusus. (Tab. VII. fig. 37; Tab. VIII. figg. 8, 9.)
Epigomphus subobtusus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xlvi. p. 467 [62] (1878)*; Calvert, Ent. News,
xiv. pp. 189-191, t. 8. figg. 10, 11 (tibie g}) (1903) *.
Hab. Mexico? (U.S. N.M.:1 6); Guaremata 2, San Agustin (Mus. Paris !), Purula
in Vera Paz (Champion: 12); Costa Rica, Irazu! (Rogers, coll. McLachlan: 1 3 abd.
segs. 7-10 lost, cotype of Selys, with label “‘ Epigomphus subobtusus, Selys,” in Selys’s
hand), Caché (Rogers: 1 ¢, 1 ¢ abd. segs, 4-10 lost).
Subfam. CORDULEGASTERINA.
CORDULEGASTER.
Cordulegaster, Leach, Edinb. Encycl. ix. p. 186 (1815)'; Amer. edit. (Philadelphia) viii. pt. 2,
p. 725 (1816) ?; Selys, Monogr. Gomph. p. 827 (1858) *; Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xxxvi. p. 530
[86] (1878) *; l.c. (2) xlvi. p. 686 [94] (1878) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 80 (1890) °; Needham,
Bull. 47, N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 474-476 (1901) *.
Thecaphora, Charp. Lib. Eur. p. 14 (1840)°; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. xxi. pt. 2, p. 100 [81]
(1854) °.
Teniogaster, Selys, 1. c. p. 107 [88] (1854) * ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 81 (1890)”.
Zorena, Kirby, 1. c. p. 79 (1890) ”.
As limited by de Selys in 1873 4 and 1878 5, this genus comprises fourteen species,
‘six of which are Palearctic.and extend from Scandinavia and Pekin to Marocco, Asia
Minor, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Kashmir.
CORDULEGASTER. 173.
The other eight species are North American; some of them have been reported from
Nova Scotia and Alaska, while one of the forms mentioned below reaches 10° North, or
considerably farther southward than the genus has yet been found in the Old World.
No structural differences appear to exist between the two “species” of the present
fauna, and some of the colour-differences, based on fewer specimens than those now at
hand, prove to be variable. They agree in having the anterior surface of the frons
dark-coloured, the abdomen with transverse, submedian, yellow rings on segments 2-9,
the eyes in contact dorsally (although for hardly more than a point), and the superior
appendages of the males bidentate inferiorly. Their most constant differences are :—
Frons with a superior, transverse, oval, yellow spot; transverse, submedian, yellow
rings on 2-9 wider (on 3-7 at least 1 mm. wide), not interrupted on the mid-
dorsal line of 2-5 (and sometimes other segments): abdomen, ¢ 57-63,
? 60-64; hind wing, g 48-48, 9 50-53mm. ...... =.=. +... J. diadema.
Frons with no yellow spot ; transverse, submedian, yellow rings on 2-9 narrower (on
6 and 7 a mere line, a little wider on 3-5), interrupted on the mid-dorsal line of
3-7 (and sometimes other segments): abdomen, ¢ 54-66, 9 58-67; hind
6
wing, ¢ 45-52, 2? 50-56mm. . .... . ee ee ee ee ee Qe godmani.
1. Cordulegaster diadema.
Cordulegaster diadema, Selys, Compte Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi. p. Ixviii (1868)"; Bull. Acad.
Belg. (2) xxviii. p. 203 [40] (1869)?; Currie, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 303 (1903) *;
Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 697 (1904)* (supposed nymph).
All of the present material have a brown median line on the labrum from the base halfway toward the free
margin. Only one individual (from Cuernavaca) lacks a representative of the ‘“raie interméddiaire jaune
aux cotés du thorax”; all others have a superior yellow spot, although often quite small, to mark its
position. The transverse, submedian, yellow, abdominal rings may be interrupted on the mid-dorsal line
on one or more of segments 6-9. The Ventanas male has the occiput black, fringed with white hairs,
the labrum with a black border on all sides; a somewhat similar labral colour-variation has been found
in the European annulatus (Selys, Monogr. Gomph. p. 336).
Hab. Unirep States, Bright Angel, Arizona *.—Muxico (U. S. N. M.: 1 3), Ven-
tanas (Forrer: 1 3), Santa Fé, in the Distrito Federal [4 ¢,1 9], Cuernavaca!
[5 ¢,1 2 | (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.; coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Orizaba?! 2.
Taken in July at Bright Angel?, in October and November at Santa Fé and
Cuernavaca.
2, Cordulegaster godmani.
Cordulegaster godmani, Mclachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xv. p. 85 (1878)'; Selys, Bull. Acad.
Belg. (2) xlvi. p. 687 [95] (1878) *.
Occiput yellow in the pair from Omilteme, black in the Purnla male, which is also peculiar in having the
labrum reddish-brown throughout, the apex of the inferiur appendage narrower (about one-half as wide
as at base, while the other males have the tip about two-thirds as wide as base), the pterostigma longer
(4°5 mm. on front wings, as against 3-5-4 mm. in other individuals), and the maximum dimensions
as given above. The “ partie centrale plus claire”? of the upper surface of the frons is not evident even
on the types. The pair from Omilteme alone have no vestiges of the ‘bande intermédiaire” on the
174 NEUROPTERA.
sides of the thorax. ‘The transverse, submedian, yellow, abdominal rings are interrupted mid-dorsally on
segments 2-9 in some, in others they may not be interrupted on one or all of 2, 8, and 9.
Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 6,1 2); GUATEMALA, Purula
in Vera Paz (Champion: 1 3); Costa Rica, Irazu *? (Rogers: 1 s,1 ¢, each with
label “ Cordulegaster godmani, McL..,” in McLachlan’s handwriting, and a printed
label “ Type”), Azahar de Cartago (Underwood: 1 ¢ ).
Taken at Omilteme in July, at Azahar de Cartago in May.
Subfam. “SHNINA.
Synopsis of the Genera of the present Faunal District.
A. Upper piece of the arculus shorter than the lower piece, upper sector of the
arculus arising close to the median vein (about midway between the latter
and the lower sector) ; supplementary sector between the median and sub-
nodal sectors curved away from the latter, so that three to seven rows of
cells lie between them, but subsequently converging ; subnodal sector with
four to seven branches, the terminal fork with two rows of cells between ;
two rows of cells between the principal and nodal sectors beginning far
distal to the pterostigma ; proximal side of the discoidal triangle less than
half as long as the distal side ; external branch of the lower sector of the
triangle on the hind wings gradually approaching the upper sector for its
apical half, becoming parallel to it and finally separated from it by one row
of cells; abdominal segments 7-10 at least with a supplementary lateral
longitudinal carina above the usual one. Males with no anal triangle, anal
angle rounded off; no auricles on abdominal segment 2. . . . . . . ANAX.
AA. Upper piece of the arculus equal to or longer than the lower piece, upper
sector of the arculus arising at, or a short distance above, the point of
origin of the lower sector (in the latter case being separated from the lower
sector by a distance one-fifth to one-half of the interval separating the
upper sector from the median vein). Males with anal triangle and anal
angle on the hind wings and auricles on abdominal segment 2.
B. Supplementary sector next below the subnodal sector diverging therefrom,
with three to seven rows of cells between them, subsequently converging.
C. Subnodal sector forked or branched.
D. Subcosta prolonged beyond the nodus to the first, second, or third
postnodal; median space* free, no basal subcostal cross-veins, tip
of vertex excavated . 2. 2. 1... Loe ee STAUROPHLEBIS.
DD. Subcosta not prolonged beyond the nodus, median space free.
E. Eyes in contact for a distance equal to or less than the antero-
posterior dimension of frons and vertex combined ; membranule of
* "Tn the use of the terms “median space,” “ submedian space,” &c., I have followed de Selys’s later sugges-
tions in Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xl. p. 385 (1896). See Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 388, footnote (1599).
ANAX. L75
the hind wings extending along the anal margin for a distance
equal to or greater than the distance along which it extends on
the postcosta (except in 4. castor) . . . . . . . . .).)~6-ASSHNA.
EE. Eyes in contact for a distance greater than the antero-posterior
dimension of frons and vertex combined; membranule of the
hind wings not extending along the anal margin, or, if so, for a
distance less than its postcostal extent. Males with no (or but
rudimentary) dorsal teeth or carinze on abdominal segment 10;
females with long inferior spines on this segment . . . . . GYNACANTHA.
CC. Subnodal sector not forked or branched. Two rows of cells between
principal and nodal sectors beginning proximal to the level of the
pterostigma ; three rows of cells between nodal and subnodal sectors
at the level of the pterostigma ; no basal subcostal cross-veins ; proximal
side of triangle of the hind wings more than half as long as the distal
(posterior) side; no ventral tubercle on the first abdominal segment.
Males with the anal triangle 8-celled . . . . . . . . «~~ OPLONESCHNA.
BB. Supplementary sector next below the subnodal sector (which is forked)
subparallel to the posterior branch thereof and separated therefrom by
two rows of cells; two or three rows of cells between the short sector
and the supplementary sector next below, at the level of the nodus;
anal loop on the hind wings elongated at right angles to the long axis of
the wing 2. 6 we we ee ek ee ee ee CE resco.
As in the other generic synopses in this work, I have sought to characterize each
genus as absolutely as the material at hand and the literature will permit and not
merely with reference to the fauna in question. ‘This is highly desirable in order to
enable the reader to detect the occurrence of other genera in Mexico and Central
America than those here named. The discovery of additional genera and species is
highly probable, owing to the great powers of flight possessed by members of this
subfamily.
It should be added that in the above synopsis I have not made as much use of
characters drawn from the anal loop as has been done by Messrs. Needham and Hart
in a recent paper *, because, from an examination of the material before me, I do not
believe that the loop has as much constancy of shape as they ascribe to it.
ANAX.
Anazx, Leach, Edinb. Encye. ix. p. 137 (1815)"; Amer. edit. (Phila,) viii. pt. 2, p. 726 (1816) ?;
Brauer, Reise d. Novara, Neur. pp. 60-63 (1866)*; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 83 (1890)*; Karsch,
Ent. Nachr. xvii. p. 287 (1891) ’.
* “The Dragon-flies (Odonata) of Illinois.—Part I. Petaluride, schnide, and Gomphide,” Bull. Ill. St.
Lab. Nat. Hist. vi. 1, pp. 30, 31 (1901).
176 NEUROPTERA.
A cosmopolitan genus of about twenty-five species. Brauer® gives a key to the
species then known. ‘Those of the present fauna may be distinguished as follows :—
A. Frons with no dark markings ; superior appendages of the male widest at
one-third their length, not bifid in profile view, their terminal spine very
minute. Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 44-52, ? 47-54; hind wing, g 47-53,
9 49-56mm. ....... - . . . « IL. longipes.
AA. Frons with dark markings superiorly.
B. Superior frontal marking a triangular black spot, no dark ring; superior
appendages of the male very slender at the base, somewhat roundly
widened at the middle of the inner margin, at the apex slender, excised,
and produced into a long tongue-like point (from Brauer’s description).
Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 52, ? 48-52; hind wing, 6 51, 2? 52mm. . 2. amazili.
BB. Superior frontal markings a circular black spot, surrounding which, at
a little distance, is a dark ring.
C. Size smaller (abdomen, excl. apps., ¢ 47-50, 9 46-50; hind wing,
fg 46-56, ? 48-56 mm.), pterostigma longer (6-7 mm.); supple-
mentary longitudinal carina present on segments 4-10; superior
appendages of the male widest at three-fourths of their length, not
bifid in profile view, their terminal spine strong, well-developed . . 3. junius.
CC. Size larger (abdomen, excl. apps., ¢ 72-84, 9 62-68; hind wing,
& 56-62, 2 56 mm.), pterostigma shorter (5-5°5 mm.) ; supplemen-
tary longitudinal carina present on segments 6 (?) or 7 (d)-10;
superior appendages of the male widest at the apex, which is bifid in
profile view. 2. 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee wee A walsinghami.
_ Most of the present material in this genus from Mexico and Central America has
already been reported on by Hagen (‘ Psyche,’ 1890, vide infra).
1. Anax longipes, (Tab. VIII. fig. 10.)
Anax longipes, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 118 (1861)*; Psyche, v. p. 303 (1890) * [with biblio-
graphy to date]; Davis, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 197 (1898) *.
Third femur 12(Amula ¢)-15 (Fla. ¢), third tibia 10 (Amula ¢)-12 (Fla. ¢) mm. Membranule grey
- throughout, barely paler at base, in the Florida male.
Hab. Untrep States, Massachusetts ?, New York, New Jersey °, Maryland ?, Georgia !,
Florida? (A. W. §.: 1 ¢)*.—Mexico, Jalapa? (fF. D. G.: 1 3), Amula in Guerrero
6000 feet (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢).—Brazit, Matto Grosso ?, Rio Negro?; Wusr Inpigs,
Hayti *.
* A, longipes in life has a bright green thorax and a bright red abdomen. No other Odonate of equal size
is similarly coloured. It is therefore unlikely that any mistake in identification has been made in the reports
of its having been seen, although not taken, near Cincinnati, Ohio (Dury, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix.
p. 169, 1900), at Lucaston, New Jersey, by Mr. Daecke (Ent. News, xiv. p. 35, 1903), and near Poyntelle,
Pa., at 2000 feet elevation, by myself (Ent. News, xv. p. 317, 1904). .
ANAX. 177
There is also a female in the Mus. Comp. Zool. labelled: “ At sea, lat. 14° 40! N.,
long. 97° 40' W., about 60 miles from shore, July 10th, 1873. U.S.S. ‘Benicia.’ ”
The reckoning given indicates a point in the Pacific almost due south of the mouth
of the Rio Pefioles, Oaxaca, Mexico, and, if exact, about seventy-two nautical miles
from the shore,
2. Anax amazili.
Aischna amazili, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 841 (1839) *.
Anax amazili, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 119 (1861)*; Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. p. 38
(1867)°; Psyche, v. p. 307 (1890) *; Brauer, Reise d. Novara, Neur. p. 61 (1866) °; Kirby,
Ann, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 614 (1897) °; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i.
p. 887 (1899) *.
Anax maculatus, Rambur, Névr. p. 188 (1842) °.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic’; Guatemana 2, San Gerénimo (Champion: 1 2); Costa Rica,
Caché (Rogers: 1 2 ).—Sovurn America!; VenezveLa2, Puerto Cabello?; Brazi.8,
Santarem ®, Mosqueiro®, Amazon 3, Para4, Pernambuco 2, Rio Janeiro3; GaLAPAGos Is.,
Chatham I. (U. S. VW. M.: 1 2); West Inpies, Cuba 3, Barbados 4 (C. Todd, coll. Imp.
Dept. Agr. Brit. W. I.: 1 3, sup. apps. imperfect).
3. Anax junius.
Libellula junia, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. i. p. 112, and index, t. 47. fig. 5 (entire insect in colours)
(1770) * [New York]. .
Anazx junius, Hagen, Psyche, v. p. 305 (1890)*; Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. iii. p. 223 (1901) °*.
, Emmons, Agric. N. York, v. t. 15 (entire insect, no name) (1854) *.
Anaz junius, McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 92 (1874)°; Hagen, in J. M. Jones’s Visitor’s
Guide to Bermuda (1876) ° (teste Verrill”) ; Howard, Proc. U.S. N. M. xii. p. 190 (1889) 7;
Aaron, Dragonflies vs. Mosquitoes, t. 1. fig. 1 (entire insect) (1890) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 509, t. 15. figg. 15, 16 (apps. ¢) (1895)°; Howard, Insect Book, t. 40.
fig. 15 (?, coloured) (1901) *°; Needham & Hart, Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist. vi. 1, p. 46,
3
t. 1. fig. 5 (nymph) (1901); Needham & Betten, Bull. 47, N. Y. St. Mus. p. 438, figg. 8, B, D,
p- 471, fig. 14 (nymph) (1901) *; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci. xi. pt. 2, p. 815,
fig. 190 (entire insect) (1901-02) *; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 40. fig. 3 (vena-
tion), p. 709, fig. 4p, p. 712, fig. 5, t. 31. fig. 3, t. 32. fig. 1 (nymphal venation) (1903) “;
Butler, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxx. p. 115, t. 2. figg. 1, 2, t. 4. figg. 1-4 (ontogeny of labium)
(1904) *.
Hab. CanaDa, New Brunswick 2, Quebec 2, Ontario?; Unrrep States throughout 2,
Alaska?; Lowzr Catirornia®.—Mexico, Matamoros? in Tamaulipas, Guadalajara
(Schumann: 13,1 2), Jalapa? (Hoge: 1 3), Mexico city [1 ? ], Amula? in Guerrero
[1 9] (#. A. Smith), Oaxaca (coll. Deam: 1 3); Costa Rica?; Pacific coast between
* These two articles by Hagen? and Currie* respectively contain extensive bibliographies, so that only
those references which are not therein included are given above.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., June 1905. Da
178 NEUROPTERA.
Lower California and Panama, on board US. F.C.S. ‘ Albatross’ ’.—Bzrmupas ® }8 ;
West Inpies, Cuba?, Martinique?; Hawaman Is.25; Taniti?; Kamrscuatka?; CaINa,
Petchili Bay ?. |
4, Anax walsinghami.
Anazx walsinghami, McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xx. pp. 127, 171 (1883) *; Hagen, Psyche, v.
p. 306 (1890)°; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 510, t. 15. figg. 17, 18 (apps. 3)
(1895) *.
Mention has been made in the key (anted, p. 176) of the restricted number of abdominal segments on which
the supplementary longitudinal carina is present in this species. This is a feature not mentioned in any
of the preceding descriptions’—*, although McLachlan’ has mentioned certain “ lateral depressions”
which are apparently those lying below the supplementary, and above the ordinary, longitudinal carine.
Hab. Unrrep Sratss, California, northern! and southern2, Tucson, Arizona? [1 ¢ ];
Lower CatirorniA, El Paraiso 3, San Raymundo °, Sierra El Taste *, Corral de Piedras 3
[1 ¢], Mesa Verde %, Miraflores ®, San José del Cabo? [3 3, 2 2 | (coll. P. P. C.).—
Guatemata! (coll. McLachlan: 1 6, labelled ‘“ Anax walsinghamt, McL.,” in
McLachlan’s hand).
STAUROPHLEBIA.
Staurophlebia, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 907 (1865)'; Reise d. Novara, Neur.
p. 74 (1866)?; Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (3) v. p. 748 (1883) °; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 96
(1890) *; Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xvii. pp. 279, 288 (1891) °.
There is but one known species.
1. Staurophlebia reticulata.
Aischna reticulata, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 837 (1839) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. xxv. pp. 58, 94 (1898) *. -
Staurophlebia reticulata, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 39. fig. 2 (venation) (1903) °;
xxvii. p. 698, t. 39. figg. 1, 2 (aymph) (1904) *; Butler, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxx. p. 125,
t. 6. figg. 2.6, 2c (nymphal labium) (1904) °.
Atschna gigas, Ramb. Névr. p. 193 (1842) °.
Staurophlebia magnifica, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv. p. 907 (1865)"; Reise d. Novara,
Neur. p. 74, t. 2. figg. 1 (entire insect), la, 16 (apps. ¢) (1866) °; Hagen, Verh. zool.-bot.
Ges, Wien, xvii. p. 23 (1867) °.
Fronto-nasal suture with a dark brown, almost black, line in the Chiriqui male; superior appendages (6 mm.)
longer than the ninth abdominal segment (5 mm.) in both the present males, as Brauer’s figure, but not
his description *, represents. The inferior appendage has a superior, basal, triangular process which
projects upward and backward between the right and left superior appendages at their base; although
well-developed, it is not mentioned in the descriptions; its morphological significance will, doubtless, be
interesting. The two males before me differ slightly from each other in the shape of the superior lobe,
situated just before the middle of the superior appendages, and in the slenderness of the inferior
appendage.
Antecubitals : front wings 29-30, the first and tenth or eleventh thicker; hind wings 19-22, the first and
eighth, ninth, or tenth thicker. Postcubitals: front wings 23-26, hind wings 25-28. Discoidal
STAUROPHLEBIA.—ASHNA. 179
triangle: front wings, 7-8-celled, two cells on the proximal side; hind wings, 6—8-celled, two cells on
the proximal side. Internal triangle 2-celled on all wings. Submedian cross-veins, other than those
taking part in the internal triangle: front wings 6, hind 4, Supratriangulars: front wings, 8-9; hind,
6-7. Anal triangle 3-celled. Abdomen (excl. apps.) ¢ 70, apps. ¢ 6-6'5; hind wing, ¢ , 64-66°5 ; costal
edge of pterostigma, front wing, 3°5-4 mm.
Hab. Honpuras [1 ¢]; Nicaragua, Escondido River+; Panama, Chiriqui [1 ¢ |
(coll. P P. C., ex coll. R. Martin).—Venezvurta, Puerto Cabello®; Gurana®; SuRinaM!';
Brazit? 8, Amazon 9, Para 9.
JESHNA.
Aishna, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 424 (1775)*; Cuvier, Tableau Elém. Hist. Nat. Anim. p. 475
(1798) *.
Aischna, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 86 (1890)*; Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xvii. pp. 283, 288 (1891) *;
Needham, Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 165, footnote (1897) °; Bull. 47, N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 463, 464
(1901) °; Williamson, Ent. News, xiv. pp. 5-7 (1908) ”.
Corypheschna, Williamson, |. c. pp. 2 et seg. (1908) *.
It does not seem necessary to repeat the references given by Mr. Kirby ® for this
cosmopolitan genus.
Synopsis of the Species of Mexico and Central America.
(The superior appendages of the males are the most important specific characters.)
§ I. Subuodal sector forking proximal to the level of the pterostigma, with
three or more rows of cells between the fork at the level of the distal
end of the pterostigma ; proximal side of the discoidal triangle of the
hind wings more than half as long as the posterior side (in the following
species); males with the anal triangle 3-celled.
A. Abdominal segment 1 with a well-developed ventral tubercle, whose
surface is spinulose ; tibize black. Males with a median dorsal tooth
or carina on abd. seg. 10.
B. Stem of the T-spot on the frons of nearly equal width throughout,
body less robust (max. width of thorax 6-7 mm., of abd. seg. 2
35-45 mm. ¢, 4°5-5 mm. ?, of abdomen posterior to segment 3
2'5 mm.), abdomen widening gradually behind the constriction at
segment 3; superior appendages of the male with no subbasal
inferior tubercle, no inferior spine, the superior carina moderate,
not angulate, the extreme apex abruptly curved downward. Abd.
(excl. apps.), ¢ 37-43, 9 40-47; apps., f 5°5, 2 4-48 ; hind wing,
3 88-44, ? 38-48; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing, 2-3°5mm. 1. cornigera.
BB. Stem of the T-spot on the frons about twice as wide at its hind end
as at its front end, body more robust (max. width of thorax 7-8 mm.,
of abd. seg. 25°5 mm. 3g, 5°5-6 mm. ?, of abdomen posterior to
segment 3 25-3 mm.), abdomen widening abruptly behind the
constriction at segment 3.
2a2
180
NEUROPTERA.
C. Superior appendages of the male at one-sixth their length with a
CC.
rounded inferior tubercle, at three-fourths length with a strong
inferior spine whose extreme tip is abruptly decurved, the superior
carina markedly angulate (when the appendage is viewed in
profile) at two-thirds length of appendage, apical fourth gradually
and slightly curved downward, the tip acute. Abdomen (excl.
apps.), ¢ 48-47, 9 43-44; apps., ¢ 5°5-6, 5°5; hind wing, g
43-48, 9 43-47; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing, 3-3'5 mm.
Superior appendages of the male at one-tenth their length with
a small inferior convexity, at five-sixths their length the inner
margin forms a sharply angulate inferior carina, superior carina
very similar to that of multicolor, apex rounded, not curved down-
ward. ¢ unknown. ¢: abdomen (excl. apps.) 48-49; apps. 6;
hind wing 48-50 ; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing, 3 mm.
AA. Abdominal segment 1 with no ventral tubercle or with but a rudiment
thereof.
D. Tibiz superiorly black or dark brown, frons half or less than half as
wide as the maximum width of the eyes.
E. Membranule white in the basal half, greyish-brown in the apical
EE.
half ; anterior surface of frons, nasus, and rhinarium pale green,
blue, or obscure olive; no median prolongation of the frontal
earina as in williamsoniana; male with no dorsal teeth on abd.
seg. 10; superior appendages longer than abd. segs. 9+10,
behind their basal fourth widening gradually and on the inner
side to two-thirds their length, beyond which the inner margin is
sinuate and bears a strong inferior anteapical spine, actual apex
rounded. Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 48-52, 9 46-50; apps., ¢
5°5-6, 2 6; hind wing, ¢ 42-50, ? 42-48°5; costal edge of
pterostigma, front wing, 3-4 mm. oo .
Membranule greyish-brown throughout ; anterior surface of frons
and rhinarium dark brown, of nasus blue; carina separating the
anterior from the superior surface of the frons, viewed from
above, shows a marked, median anterior curve (see fig. 19,
Tab. VIII.) ; male with a median dorsal tooth on the base of
10 and a smaller tooth on each side of the median; superior
appendages shorter than abd. segs. 9+ 10, basal third slender,
apical two-thirds rather abruptly wider, margins entire, no spines,
superior carina moderate, apex rather obtuse; inferior appendage
half as long as the superiors, triangular. Abdomen (excl. apps.),
3,50; apps.5; hind wing 52; costal edge of pterostigma 4mm.
? unknown .
DD. Tibiz superiorly, and large parts of the femora, pale-coloured
(yellow); frons (5°5 mm. wide) more than half as wide as the
maximum width of the eyes ; cross-piece of the T-spot on the frons
2. multicolor.
3. dugesi.
{constricta. |
4. williamsoniana.
ry
AESSHNA. 181
very slender, linear, connected or not connected with the stem,
whose basal (posterior) part forms a suborbicular black spot; male
with a median dorsal tooth on the base of abd. seg. 10; superior
appendages subequal to abd. segs. 8+9, having a slight inferior
swelling at one-fourth their length, superior carina very feeble, no
Spines, apex acute; inferior appendage very little more than half as
long as the superiors, about one-fifth as wide at apex as at base.
Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 43-465, 9 43; apps., d 4-5, 9 2; hind
wing, ¢ 44-45, 2 45; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing,
5-275 mm... we ee we ee ee ww ew we Be brevifrons *.
§ II. Subnodal sector forking under the pterostigma or at the level of its
proximal end, with two rows of cells between the fork at the level of the
distal end of the pterostigma ; proximal side of the discoidal triangle of
the hind wings usually, but not always, less than half as long as the
posterior side; no ventral tubercle on abdominal segment 1; males with
no dorsal teeth or carinze on segment 10, anal triangle 2-celled. (Coryph-
eschna, Wllmsn.)
-F. Thorax with well-marked brown bands at the mid-dorsal carina, the
humeral and second lateral sutures; abdomen chiefly dark brown or
black; face bright green, the superior transverse curved groove on
the anterior surface usually not black; inferior appendage of males
reaching to mid-length of the superiors.
G. Size smaller; frons with (g ?) or without (some 2 ) a black T-spot
superiorly ; superior appendages of the male with a deep sub-
quadrangular incision on the inner margin at three-fourths their
length; those of the female very short. Abdomen (excl. apps.),
3 50-58, 9 57-64; apps., J 5-6, 9 15; hind wing, $ 46-49,
@ 48-50; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing,4.mm.. . . . 6. luteipennis.
GG. Size larger; frons with a black T-spot superiorly ; superior
appendages of the male with entire margins, those of the female
very long. Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 58-61, 2 65; apps., ¢ 7-7°75,
? 1:4; hind wing, § 55-59, 2 58-60; costal edge of pterostigma,
front wings,6mm. . . 2. 1 ee we we ee ww ingens.
FF, Thorax with no brown markings or with these reduced to lines;
. superior appendages of the males with entire margins. __
H. Frons with a black T-spot superiorly, abdomen chiefly dark brown
or black.
J. Size larger; face bright green, the superior transverse curved groove
on the anterior surface of the frons usually not black or dark
brown; inferior appendage of the male reaching to about three-
fifths of the length of the superior appendages. Abdomen (excl.
* Tt is possible that some venational characters could be employed to distinguish Z, brevifrons, but having
studied only three individuals I cannot estimate the probable variability of these features.
182 NEUROPTERA.
apps.), ¢ 50-57, 9 54-64; apps.,¢ 5-65, 2? —?*; hind wing,
3 50-56, ¢ 51-60; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing,
4°5-5'5 mm. . a
JJ. Size smaller; face bright blue ( 3) or green ( 2), the black T-spot
of the frons extending on to the anterior surface and filling up
the superior transverse curved groove thereon (except in Mexican
examples) ; inferior appendage of the male reaching to two-fifths
of the length of the superior appendages. Abdomen (excl. apps.),
& 44-46, 2 47-48; apps., ¢ 6-6°5, 2 7:5; hind wing, ¢ 40-43,
9 42-43; costal edge of pterostigma, front wing, 377-4 mm. . 9. adnexa.
HH. Frons with no black T-spot superiorly; face, thorax, and abdomen
chiefly reddish, inferior appendage of the male reaching to mid-
length of the superiors. Abdomen (excl. apps.), ¢ 47-51, 9 52-54;
apps., ¢ 5-6, 9 —?*; hind wing, ¢ 47-51, ¢ 51-54; costal edge
of pterostigma, front wing, 4-5°5> mm. . . . . . «ww. «102 perrensi.
8. virens.
M. René Martin has informed me that the following species of shna also occur
in Mexico or Central America: punctata, sp. n., januaria, Hag., and panamensis, sp. n.
As I have not seen specimens I prefer to omit them from the above synopsis.
1. Aishna cornigera.
®, Yellowstone 3-69 1012 (Hayden, Adams, coll.
P. P. C.: 2 8), Saw Tooth in Idaho *, Fort Collins in Colorado (coll. Colo. Agr.
College, P. P. C. det.), Spring Lake in Utah’, Mt. Tamalpais (Osten Sacken, coll.
P.P.C. ea M. C. Z.: 1 2), San Rafael (MZ. C. Z.), San Francisco (Ricksecker, A. N. 8.
ex Cope Coll.: 1 3), Palo Alto (Kellogg, P. P. C. det.), San José 1°, Pasadena [ Grinnell :
2 ¢], Claremont [Baker: 1 3], Los Angeles® [Davidson: 2 3] (colls. A. N. S.,
P. P. C.), “San Diego trip” !2, all in California, Arizona*®!!; Lower CaLirornia,
San Ignacio ®, Miraflores *, San José del Cabo 8 (Hisen, coll. P. P. C.: 18 3,3 9)—
Mexico (U. §. NV. M.: 1 3), Monterey in Nuevo Leon (Rhoads: 1 3,1 2), Durango
(Barrett: 1 3 |, Guadalajara [McClendon: 2 3, 12] (coll. P. P. C.), Guanajuato
(U.S. N. M., P. P. C. det. 1891), Uruapam (Deam, Rhoads: 2 3), Cuernavaca (coll.
Deam, Barrett, Tower, colls. Adams, P. P. C.: 8 3,1 2), Cuautla in Morelos (Tower,
coll. P. P. C.: 1 @), Oaxaca (Deam: 5 3).
Taken from April to October in the Mexican localities.
b. Intermediates between saturata and croceipennis.
Libellula saturata, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 516 (1895) (in part.) *.
Belonia uniformis, Needham, Proc. U.S. N. M. xxvi. t. 48. fig. 2 (wings) (1903) *.
The colour-gradations have already been described’; the others may be tabulated thus :—
Hind wing: Genital hamule,
number of cells to ale: width Front wing :
Hind wing: point on front} Hind wing; which two rows ren tar (4) Prana ge of
Individual. margin to which basal - submedian (or two cells) extend & bequal (=) ccstal ed * in
yellowish-brown reaches. cross-veins. between short sec- or lose (—) than nm
tor and suppl. sector leneth :
next below. gm.
Cuernavaca, ¢, July ..| Nodus, R2,L1 R2,L14 + 6
” g; ” ” 2 R1,L4 wees 65
” 3, Sept...) First postnodal. 2 R1,L2 + 6
Cuautla, ¢, Aug. ....} Nodus. 2 R3,L12 + 6
2” 3 9 ” ” 2 R 4, L 2 + 55
Uruapam, ¢, July ....| First postnodal. 2 R4,L3 = 55
S. J. del Cabo, ¢, Oct.. Third | » ial 2 9 5
Third antenoda
” » Gs » { beyond triangle. } 2 3 + 5
” » >» » | Nodus. 2 9 ~ 5
Round Mt., 2, June ..} Distal angle of triangle. 2 R2,L4 7
212 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Unirep States, Round Mt., Texas (Schaupp, coll. P. P.C.: 1 2); Lowzr
CauirorniA, San José del Cabo (Eisen, coll. P. P. C.: 3 3).—MExico, Uruapam
(Deam:1 3), Cuernavaca (Deam, Barrett in coll. Adams: 23,12), Cuautla (Tower,
coll. P,P. C.: 2 3).
It will be noted that these “intermediates ’’ occur in the same localities as those in
which usually both saturata and crocetpennis are also found.
ce. form croceipennis.
Libellula croceipennis, Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi., C. R. p. Ixvii (1868) '; Hagen, Rep. U. 8.
Geol. Surv. Terr. 1878, p. 586 (1874)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 70 (1875) *.
Libeliula saturata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 152 (1861) (in part.) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 516 (1895) (in part.) °.
Belcnia uniformis, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 8333 (1889)°; Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv.
p. 842 (1889) ”.
My measurements of B. uniformis in the British Museum in 1896 give the pterostigma as 6°5 mm., not
8 mm.°
Hab. Uniten States, Round Mt. in Texas (Schaupp, colls. A. N.S., P.P. C1: 2 8,
3 2); Lowzr Catirornia, San José del Cabo (Eisen, coll. P. P. C.: 3 3), Cape San
Lucas 2 3.—Mexico ® (coll. McLachlan: 1 3 with green label “ L. crocetpennis, Selys, 3 ,”
in Selys’s hand, and label “ Libellula crocetpennis, Selys,” in McL.’shand; U.S. N. W.:
1 3; coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Uhler: 1 2), Tampico ?34, Cordova?3 4, Orizaba1%, Vera
Cruz!%, Cuernavaca (Deam: 2 3,1 2), Cuautla (Tower, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Isthmus
of Tehuantepec? (Sumichrast, M.C.Z.: 1 2); Guatemata!’; Costa Rica, Carrillo
[1 3 |, San José [1 2 | (Underwood *).—? Cotomsra ! 3,
Taken in March (San José, Costa Rica), June (Texas), July (Cuernavaca), August
(Cuautla), and October (San José del Cabo).
The only objection to uniting wniformis with this species appears to be that the
description ® gives the membranule as white; some of the present specimens have it
pale brown, but in most it is grey.
The females of form croceipennis much resemble those of Orthemis ferruginea, Fabr.,
but the synopsis on pages 198-200 indicates the’ differences between the two genera.
From the females of L. foliata, croceipennis females differ by the longer pterostigma and
the absence of a dark antehumeral stripe; from Z. herculea females they differ by the
paler colours of the thorax and of the stigma, by the localization of the yellow colouring
of the wings at the base, and from the Mexican and Central-American females of
herculea by the less degree to which the vertex is bifid.
The typical saturata, with its wings more extensively coloured than in croceipennis,
also tends to denser venation ; thus it possesses a greater number of bridge-cross-veins
* Specimens cited as collected by Mr. C. F. Underwood, beginning on page 158, are to be understood as
belonging to the collection of the Editor unless otherwise stated.
LIBELLULA. 213
and of cells in all the triangles and rather denser post-triangular fields, although the
correlation is not precise nor very useful as a means of separating these two forms.
5. Libellula nodisticta.
Libellula nodisticta, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 151 (1861)’; Rep. U. 8. Geol. Surv. Terr.
1872, p. 727 (1873)?; 1873, p. 583 (1874) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 68 (1875) *;
Ris, Mitt. schweiz. ent. Gesell. x. p. 438 (1902) ’.
Leptetrum nodistictum, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 26 (1890) °.
Females and young males have the frons superiorly pale olive with a transverse black stripe immediately in
front of the vertex and eyes; in old males the entire upper surface is bluish-black.
In the Mexican examples there is usually no black on the lateral labial lobes; in those from the United States
a black band of variable width extends along the mesal (opposing) margin.
While the basal blackish streak on the wings is usually clearer in the median space, the Jalisco female and one
female from Reno have the streak completely separated into two streaks, occupying the subcostal and the
submedian spaces respectively, on the hind wings ; on the front wings it is entirely confined to the sub-
costal space (Jalisco), or is present in the subcostal space and the extreme base only of the submedian
space (Reno) ; in neither female does the subcostal streak on the front wings extend beyond the level of
the proximal side of the internal triangle, nor on the hind wings beyond the level of the proximal side
of the discoidal triangle.
Hab. Unirep States, Montana ‘4, Yellowstone 2°, Beaver Cafion in Utah (Hngelhardt
and Doll, Brookl. Inst.: 1 3,1 2), Reno in Nevada (Hillman, coll. P. P. C.: 3 2),
Los Angeles [ Davidson: 1 2], and Ontario [Snodgrass: 14 | (coll. P. P. C.) in Cali-
fornia.—Mexico 13 (Schumann: 1 3), Las Bocas in Durango (Batty*, A. M. N. H.:
1 2), Guadalajara (Schumann: 3 3, 3 2) [1 ¢], El Castillo [1 ¢ ] (McClendon,
U.S. N. MW.) in Jalisco (Schumann: 1 2), Uruapam (Deam: 1 3), Mexico city
(Schumann, H. H. Smith, Barrett, Deam, &c., &e.: 8 3, 11 2), Chapultepec
(Barrett, coll. Adams : 2 3), Amecameca in Morelos (Ff. D. G.: 1 ¢ ).—CoLomBia °;
VENEZUELA °.
Taken in June (El Castillo), July (Beaver Cafion, Ontario, Guadalajara, Uruapam,
Mexico city), and August (Reno, Las Bocas, Guadalajara).
6. Libellula luctuosa.
Libellula luctuosa, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 861 (1839)*; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 152
(1861) ?; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 93 (1898)°; Ent. News, xvii. p. 80 (1906) *,
Belonia luctuosa et odiosa, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 29 (1890) °.
Libellula basalis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 23 (1839) °; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 70 (1875); Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 255 (1893) °; Kellicott,
Canad. Ent. xxvi. p. 347 (1894)°; Odon. Ohio, p. 96 (1899)"°; Elrod, Ent. News, ix. p. 10
(1898)"; Dury, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 170 (1900) %; Williamson, 24th Rep.
Geol. Indiana, p. 329 (1900) "; Ent. News, xiv. p. 229 (1903) “; Needham, Bull. 47, N.Y. St.
* Notes on the localities at which Mr. J. H. Batty collected are given in Bull, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.
(New York), xix. pp. 590 ef seq., xx. pp. 205 et seq., and ‘ Science,’ Oct. 20, 1905, p. 510.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., April 1906. 9d f
214 NEUROPTERA.
Mus. p. 532 (nymph) (1901) *; Howard, Insect Book, t. 43. figg. 2 (3), 6 (2) * (1901) *;
Brimley, Ent. News, xiv. p. 155 (1903) ”.
Libellula odiosa, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 152 (1861) “; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii.
p. 70 (1875) **; Needham and Cockerell, Psyche, x. p. 139 (1903) *.
Several other brief notices of this species exist, but they do not add to the geographical distribution.
The couple from Durango have the brown on the wings reaching from base to nodus ; the male has two, the
female but one, submedian cross-vein on the hind wings; abdomen, ¢ 32, Q 27:5; hind wing, ¢ 43,
© 42 mm.
These features just mentioned vary much even in the same locality in the United States, so that with
considerable material before me I cannot distinguish geographical forms nor separate odiosa from
luctuosa.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27-32, 9 26-29; hind wing, ¢ 37-48, 9 37-42; costal edge of pterostigma,
front wing, 4°5-5°5 mm.
Hab. Cawapa, Ontario’?; Unirep Srarss, Saranac Inn in New York and Volga in
South Dakota’ to !-!7 Greenville in South Carolina (Z. 0. Patterson, coll. P. P. C.:
1 3), Tennessee 14, Texas 1619, and New Mexico 20 —-Mrxico, Las Bocas in Durango
(Batty, A. M. N. H.: 1 ¢,1 2).
The couple from Las Bocas were taken August 11, 1903; they were received after
the key on pages 206-7 had been printed.
This striking species has the basal third to half of the wings dark brown, paler
proximally, the discoidal triangle of the hind wing cross-veined ; the abdomen stout, its
fifth segment being nearly as wide as long, its eighth segment not perfoliate in the
female ; pterostigma brown to black, membranule grey to black.
Dury 22 has observed an individual of this species feeding on the supposedly
distasteful Hippodamia.
PSEUDOLEON.
Pseudoleon, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 261, 262, 274 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. p. 10 (1890).
There is but one known species, confined to the present region and Lower California.
1. Pseudoleon superbus,
Celithemis superba, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 148 (1861) °.
Erythrodiplax superba, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 67 (1875) *.
Pseudoleon superbus, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 274, t. 53. fig. 7 (g in colours) (1889) ° ;
Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 518, t. 16. figg. 62-66 (details ¢ 9) (1895) *;
(3) Zool. i. p. 889 (1899) *.
g. The series from Gualan shows a graduated variation in the colouring of the apical half of the wings, the
two extremes of which are: (a) clear area at the apex not reaching as far proximad as the stigma on the
front margin nor the nodal sector on the hind margin; the margins of the wing at this clear area have
small dark spots here and there; (6) clear area at the apex reaching to the stigma on the front margin,
and on the hind margin to about the level of the proximal end of the stigma, 7. ¢. well proximad to the
* Fig. 6 is incorrectly given on the explanation of this plate as Libellula axillena 2.
PSEUDOLEON., 215
terminations of the nodal and subnodal sectors, where there is a dark isolated spot. Extremes a and 6 are
connected by individuals in which there is a narrower or wider stripe of dark colour extending along each
side of the nodal sector from the transverse band to the hind margin. A connecting form near extreme 6
is shown in Mr. Kirby’s figure*, The clear areas of the apex are always greater on the hind wing than
on the front.
The series from Plan del Rio is similar to that from Gualan in this variation, but does not quite reach
extreme b.
The paler-coloured parts of the basal half of the hind wings of Mr. Kirby’s figure ® are occasionally perfectly
clear (Gualan, Zacapa, R. Papagaio, &c.); although these individuals are not mature, I am not sure that
youth alone will account for this condition. Intermediate conditions with these parts only slightly
coloured are presented by males from Tocoy, Atoyac, Victoria, &c.
2. Clear area at apex of wings always greater than in the g; the dark stripe along the nodal sector is present
in all but one (Acapulco) of these females, and extends proximad toward, but never reaches, the broad
dark transverse band of the wings. This latter band, lying between the nodus and the stigma, varies in
width; it is connected with the dark area of the anal “angle” of the hind wings in only one of the
Gualan series, but the connection exists in other localities (Altamira, 8. José del Cabo, Dos Arroyos,
Acapulco), A connection between the dark area of the triangle and that of the anal “angle” of the hind
wings may or may not exist, even in the same locality (Gualan). The greater or less extension of dark
colouring on the wings is not correlated with their size.
¢ 2. In the post-triangular field of the front wing, out to the level of the origin of the subnodal sector, the
males have, for at least part of the way, 4 rows of cells, most females not more than 3 rows.
Measurements of Lower-Culifornian specimens have been given elsewhere‘; those of material from the Mexican
mainland and Central America are slightly lower:—Abdomen, g 22-28, 2 21:5-25; hind wing,
3 29-37, 2 29-35 mm.; the lowest figures are mostly from Gualan, the highest from Plan del Rio.
Hab. Unitep States, Carr Cafion, Huachuca Mts., Arizona (Skinner, A. NV. S.:
12); Lowzr Cauirornia, Comondu 4 [ Haines: 1], San José del Cabo4 [ Hisen: 4,
22] (coll. P. P. C.), &e.4—Muxico, Monterey in Nuevo Leon [1 ¢], Victoria [1 ¢ ]
(Rhoads), Altamira (Hoag, A. N. S.: 3 3, 1 2), and Tampico!? in Tamaulipas,
Mazatlan ? (Crotch, M. C. Z.), Tepic®, Misantla (F. D. G.: 1 ¢ ), Plan del Rio (Barrett,
coll. P. P.C.: 7 3, 4%), Huatusco (coll. Adams: 1 3), Camaron (1 2), Atoyac
(Hl. H. Smith: 1 3), Orizaba (H. J. E.: 1 9), and Presidio [1 ¢] in Vera Cruz,
Cuernavaca [1 2 ] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Rio Papagaio [1 3], Dos Arroyos [1 ¢,
1 9], La Venta [1 3], and Acapulco [2 9] (H. H. Smith) in Guerrero, Oaxaca }2;
GuateMaLa (coll. McLachlan: 1 2, with label “ Zibellula superba, Hag.,” in Selys’s
hand), Tocoy in Vera Paz (Champion: 1 3), Gualan (Mrs. Deam, Williamson, Hine,
colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.: 28 3,11 2), Zacapa [1 ¢ ], El Rancho [2 3,1 2 ](Wiimsn.,
coll. ejusd.).
Taken in different localities from January (Victoria, Gualan, &c.) to October
(Mazatlan, Tepic, Rio Papagaio, San José del Cabo).
Mr. Williamson * made the following notes in the field :—‘ Between El Rancho and
Sanarate, Jan. 27,1905. This species and Pantala flavescens were most often observed
along the trail, often far from water, amidst dust and in the hot sunshine. ‘This
species much rarer though than Pantala flavescens.” ‘‘Gualan, Jan. 11, 1905.
* Mr. Williamson’s itinerary has been published in Ent, News, xvi, pp, 299-306 (1905), and includes, in
part, those of Messrs. Hine, Deam, and Miller.
216 NEUROPTERA.
Flight erratic, suggesting Calopterygine.” “ Gualan, Jan. 23, 1905. 2 oviposits
unattended by ¢ by dipping abdomen-tip in floating mats of alge.”
The occurrence of this species at the altitude of Cuernavaca would seem to be
exceptional, if there be no error in the label; however, the specimen from Carr Cafion
was taken at 5000 feet elevation.
EPHIDATIA.
Ephidatia, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 262, 283 (1889) **; Cat. Odon. p. 33 (1900) *.
1. Ephidatia longipes.
[a. type.
Erythemis longipes, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 169 (1861)* (in part.) ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. p. 89 (1875) *.
Ephidatia longipes, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xu. p, 331 (1889) *; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xxvi. t. 47. fig. 2 (venation) (1903) *.
Hab. Corompia®; Braztt, Rio de Janeiro !2 (Reinhardt: 1 2 ], Minas Geraes1? [1 ¢
with blue label “ mg.,” green label “ L. longipes” in Selys’s hand] (M. C. Z.).|
b. form ? cubensis. (Tab. IX. figg. 1-5.)
Macromia cubensis, Scudd. Prec. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 190 (1866) *; xi. p. 299 (1867) *; Hagen,
op. cit, xv. p. 374 (1878) *.
Erythemis cubensis, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 77 (1875) *.
Erythemis longipes, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 169 (1861) (in part.) °.
Erythemis specularis, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxvitl. p. 98 (1867) °.
Erythemis longipes, var. specularis, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 293 (1867) ”.
? Ephidatia amazonica, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 331 (1898) *.
The Mexican and Guatemalan material comprises mature individuals, no teneral specimens being included.
Vertex and frons superiorly metallic blue, rest of the frons reddish, which encroaches upon the metallic
blue more in the female than in the male. Yellowish marginal stripe on the dorsal surface of the
abdomen reaching back to segment 4, or occasionally 5(¢), to7 or 8(?). Hind wing reddish-brown
at base out to the submedian cross-vein or less and back to the hind end of the membranule. All wings
smoky between nodus and stigma. Antenodals on front wing 8 (occasionally 7 or 9), on hind wing 5
(occasionally 6); postnodals on front wing 6 (occasionally 7).
3g. Anterior lamina rather low, bilobed, with a pencil of stiff hairs on each side directed more forward than
downward. Genital hamule the most prominent of the genitalia, its apex two-branched ; anterior branch
small, slender, hook-like, posterior branch four to five times wider, apex truncated with rounded angles.
Genital lobe very small, twice or more as long as wide, tip with a few long hairs.
Inferior abdominal appendage, at about one-third its length, with a small, median, superior tubercle.
Q. Vulvar lamina one-fifth as long as 9, bilobed at apex.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27-29, 2 26-27; hind wing, ¢ 2, 31-33; third femur, ¢ 7-8, 2 65-75 ;
third tibia, ¢ 8-85, 2 75-8 mm.
* In the fourth line of the characterization! of this genus, p. 283, “ first antenodal ” should be “last” &c. ;
perhaps “ lateral carine,” in the second line, should be “ transverse” &c,
EPHIDATIA.—URACIS, 217
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 23 g, 7 2), Lumija in
Chiapas (coll. Westcott: 1 ¢); Guatemaa, Puerto Barrios (Hine, 0. S. U.: 3 3 ).—
West Inpres, Cuba4~* (Poey, Loew, Baker, £c.: 33,22), Isle of Pines!?,—? Brazi,
Santarem 8, Para §.
Taken in March at Puerto Barrios, in June and July at Altamira.
Hagen separated cubensis, Scudd. (specularis, Hag.®), first’ as a variety, later®* as
a species from his own longipes, retaining the last name for the Brazilian individuals ®.
The pair from Brazil cited above under longipes “type” differ from the Mexican and
Cuban examples in having the frons reddish (¢) or yellowish ( ¢ ) superiorly, the
yellow marginal stripe on the abdominal dorsum reaching back to segment 9; ante-
nodals 9 (front) and 6 (hind wing); basal colouring of hind wing pale yellowish.
This pair, however, are certainly immature and the colour-differences may be due
to age.
E. amazonica, Kirby, appears to differ from . cubensis only in having one less
ante- and post-nodal on the front wing. It should be observed that the de-
scription ® of amazonica is based solely on the male sex, that of Scudder on females
only.
I incline to the view that there is but one species of Ephidatia, without according
any separate, even subordinate, rank to the other names. I can find no constant
differences in the appendages and external genital organs in Brazilian, Cuban, and
Mexican examples, especially as some variation occurs in one and the same locality,
as our figures show.
URACIS.
Uracis, Rambur, Ins. Névr. p. 31 (1842) ; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 365, 727
(1868) ; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 260, 296 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. pp. 32, 181 (1890) ;
Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 373 (1890).
The two species of the present fauna are separated from other, South-American, forms, which have been
referred to this genus, by the possession of the following characters :—
Hind wing with the discoidal triangle cross-veined, two post-triangular rows, 3-4 cells between the proximal
subbasal sector (A, of C. & N.) and the anal margin; front wing with three post-triangular rows for at
least part of the way to the level of the nodus ; tips to apical half of all wings brown.
The two species may be distinguished from each other as follows :—
Supratriangular cross-veins absent on the front wing, often also on the hind; front
wing with 1-3 submedian cross-veins; genital lobe of ¢ less produced posteriorly ;
vulvar lamina of Q projecting 1 mm. or less beyond the apex of the abdomen.
Abdomen, ¢ 21-24, 2? 22-23; hind wing, ¢ 25-28, 2 25-28°5 mm. .
Supratriangular cross-veins present on all the wings; front wing with 4-6 submedian
cross-veins ; genital lobe of ¢ more produced posteriorly ; vulvar lamina of 2 pro-
jecting 2mm. beyond the apex of the abdomen. Abdomen, d 25-30, 2 23°09;
hind wing, ¢ 31-35, 9 29-8338 mm, 2. 1 6 6 6 8 ee ee tlt ts 2. fastigiata.
1. tmbuta,
218 NEUROPTERA.
1. Uracis imbuta. (Tab. IX. fig. 6.)
Lnbellula imbuta, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 850 (1839)'; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p. 64 (1898) ”. .
Uracis imbuta, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 94 (1875) °; Carpenter, Journ. Inst.
Jamaica, ii. p. 260 (1896) *; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 604 (1897) °.
Uracis quadra, Ramb. Névr. p. 31, t. 2. figg. 5e, e (entire 2, vulv. lam.) (1842) °; Kirby, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 605 (1897); (7) iii. p. 866 (1899) °.
Although Mr. Kirby speaks’ of the presence or absence of supratriangular nervules as variable, I have used
their absence on the front wing as a character for this species because, out of the seventy-nine individuals
before me, only two front wings—a left wing of one male, a right wing of another, both from Escuintla—
possess such a cross-vein.
The brown at the tip of the front wing extends proximad to the middle (Puerto Barrios, Los Amates, Venezuela,
Paramaribo, Chapada), or to the proximal end (most of the other specimens), of the stigma. However,
the variation in the series from Los Amates and Escuintla is sufficient to connect them with each other.
The brown on the tip of hind wing is always less extensive than on the front. The extent of the brown is
quite independent of whether the thorax is transversely striated with brown and black or is pruinose-
blue.
“‘ Dessous” in the twelfth line of Rambur’s description ° should be “ dessus.”
Hab. Mexico, Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 2); Guatema.a,
Puerto Barrios {1¢, 39], Los Amates [4¢, 5 2 ], Santa Lucia [26,12], Escuintla
[7 ¢,15 2], San José [2 3,1 2] (Williamson, Hine, Deam, colls. Wlimsn., O. 8. U.) ;
Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 2 3,1 2), Surubres near San Mateo (Biolley,
coll. Kahi*: 13); Panama’ (M,C. Z.: 3 3, 3 2), Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan:
2 3), Bugaba (Champion: 1 ¢ ), La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler *), Obispo (Hassler Exped.,
M. C. Z.: 2 3).—Cotomsia? (coll. P. P.C.: 1 2 with label “ Urac. imbuta, Br.,” in
Hagen’s hand), Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 4 ),
Bogota (Dohrn, M. C. Z.: 1 3); Venezueta (U.S. N. M.: 19); Surtvam!36, Para-
maribo * (Miss K. Mayo, A. N. S.: 1 2); Brazit, Para® [1¢ |, Breves®, Bahia! 23,
Chapada [10 ¢, 6 2 | (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Minas Geraes® ; ARGENTINA,
Buenos Aires ®; West InpiEs, Jamaica ‘4, Trinidad 7.
Taken in January (Los Amates, Para®, Breves5), February (Guatemala, Surubres),
March (P. Barrios), April (La Chorrera’), August (Para), and October (Bonda).
Mr. Kirby has separated’§ imbuta, Burmeister, and quadra, Rambur, apparently on
the ground that the former has “a pruinose-blue male,” while the latter “may be
known by the upper surface of the thorax being finely and transversely striated with
brown and black.” This difference is surely one of age only, following the tendency
of so many Libelluline. The females from Panama show this transition ; none of the
males before me do, being either transversely striated (younger) or pruinose (older),
perhaps because the collecting in any one locality has not extended over a sufficiently
* Mr. Hugo Kahl, of Pittsburgh, Pa., who has generously loaned me his collection for this work.
URACIS.—THOLYMIS. 219
long time to obtain the intermediate age conditions. See, however, the remarks under
fastigiata, posted.
2. Uracis fastigiata. (Tab. IX. figg. 7, 8.)
Libellula fastigiata, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 850 (1839) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
XXv. p. 64 (1898).
Uracis fastigiata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 186 (1861) °*.
3. Burmeister’s type? has the brown at the tip of the wings extending proximad to the proximal end of the
stigma. From this condition, represented by two of the Brazilian males before me, a gradual increase in
the extent of the brown may be traced, through the examples from Brazil, Peru, Nicaragua, Guatemala,
Honduras, and Don Diego, to the maximum attained by those from Bugaba and‘ Chiriqui. These last
have the brown reaching from the apex to the second or third postcubital on the front margin, thence
obliquely inward (proximad) to the hind margin at the level of the triangle (hind wing), or not quite so
far (front wing). It would appear that both north and south of Chiriqui the extent of the brown is less.
The greater extent of brown is accompanied by an increase in the length and width of the wings, but the
correlation is not exact, as these figures show :—
Brazil, 3 ¢. Hind wing: length 33°5-34, maximum width 10-10°5 mm.
Nicaragua,3 3. ” » 15-33, » 10-10°5 _,,
Bugaba, 9 ¢. » » 33-387, ” 10-11 ”
Thoracic dorsum finely transversely striated with pale and dark brown, becoming dark blue pruinose with age,
as is clearly shown by the series from Bugaba. The intensity, but not the extent, of the brown on the
wings, and a darkening of the abdomen until it becomes unicolorous, increase step by step with this
change on the thorax.
Q (hitherto undescribed), All the examples are young, have the thoracic dorsum finely transversely striated
with pale and dark brown, the abdomen coloured as in the young males, maximum extent of the brown
at the apex of the wings in the Iquitos individual, where the last postcubital is the proximal limit.
A Brazilian example and the single one from Chiriqui, both immature, have the brown very faint,
attaining only the distal end of the stigma.
Hab. Mexico?; Guaremata[1 ¢]; Honpuras, Truxillo [C. H. Townsend: 1 3};
Nicaraaua [38 ¢ | (U.S. N. M.); Panama, Chiriqui (colls. McLachlan, P. P.C. ex
coll. R. Martin: 4 3,1 2), Volcan de Chiriqui below 4000 feet |1 ¢ ], Bugaba 800-
1500 feet [9 s | (Champion).—CotomBta, Don Diego in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pittsh.: 1 3); Perv (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. R. Martin; 1 3,1 2), Iquitos
[1 9]; Braziu [Thorey, 1865, &.: 33,3 9] (MC. Z), Bahia? ?.
Dr. F. Ris first called my attention to the close relation of the Chiriqui forms to
fastigiata. |
| THOLYMIS.
Tholymis, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 221 (1867); Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
xviii. pp. 365, 712 (1868)*; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 265 (1889) °; Cat.
Odon. p. 1 (1890) *; Kriiger, Stett. ent. Zeit. Ixiii. p. 75 (1902) °.
A circumtropical genus of two species, according to the latest writer® on the Old-
World form.
220 NEUROPTERA.
1. Tholymis citrina. (Tab. IX. figg. 9-11.)
Tholymis citrina, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 218 (1867) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p- 64 (1875)?; Selys, Ann. Mus. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2) x. p. 440 (1891)*°; Kirby, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 599 (1897) *.
Dimensions—Abdomen, ¢ 32-36, 2 33-35; hind wing, ¢ 37-39°5, 2 36-38 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 1 3); GuatEmaza, Gualan
(Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 2); Panama? (F. Hohn [1], M. C. Z.: 1 ¢ )—CotomBia,
Bonda in Dept. Magdalena [2¢, 19]; Ecuapor, Babahoyo (Campos, A. N.S.: 16,
12); Braz [1 ¢](H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Para?*, Island of Marajo 4,
Santarem ‘, Tapajos+; West Inpies, Cuba ' 2.
Taken in January (Gualan), May (Atoyac, Panama), July (Bonda, Cuba’), and
August (Bonda).
A comparison of this material with seven males and nine females of the Old-World
T. tillarga gives the following differences between the two species, in addition to those
previously pointed out}.
Tillarga has but one row of cells between the short sector and the supplementary
sector next below, citrina has two rows; on the front wings this brings about the
difference that in tillarga the three post-triangular rows continue to the level of the
nodus, while in citrina the three post-triangular rows increase to four rows proximal to
the level of the nodus. One front wing of tillarga and one front wing of citrina vary
from the characters just laid down in the direction of the other species.
Tillarga has the sectors of the triangle on the hind wing arising from the same
point, citrina has them separated at their origins.
The striking external genitalia of the females are alike in both species; they have
been briefly described on page 199 and by Hagen’, and I hope to figure these
structures in the paper alluded to in the footnote to page 199, anted.
MICRATHYRIA.
Micrathyria, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 264, 303 (1889)’; Cat. Odon. pp. 41, 182
(1890)?; Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 871 (1890) °; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. xx. p. 224 (1893)*; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 472, 588 (1895) ®; (3) Zool. i.
p- 401 (1899) °; Needham, Bull. 47, N. Y. St. Mus. p. 507 (1901)"; Kriiger, Stett. ent.
Zeit. 1902, p. 128°; Ris, Ent. News, xiv. p. 218 (1903) ’°.
The characters employed to separate Micrathyria from Mesothemis by Prof. Needham 7
and from Diplacodes by Herr Kriger ®, are not sufficiently constant to be distinctive.
My previous comparison ° of Micrathyria and Anatya should be so modified as to
state that the former has two or three rows between the proximal sub-basal sector and
the hind margin.
The typically Old-World Diplacodes differs from Micrathyria in possessing only one
bridge-cross-vein and a wider hind prothoracic lobe.
MICRATHYRIA. 221
Dr. Ris® states that about fifteen species of Micrathyria, as here limited, are known
to him. They are restricted to the present faunal district, the West Indies, and South
America. A characteristic feature of the females is the shortness of the ninth and
tenth abdominal segments in proportion to their width.
Some of our present species approach each other very closely *.
Key to the Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. Number of cells between the posterior angle of the triangle, hind wing, and the
distal subbasal sector (A, of Comstock and Needham) immediately opposite that
angle ¢wo, internal triangle of front wing 3-celled. g. Superior appendages
with no inferior subbasal denticle.
B. Discoidal triangle of front wing 2-celled.
C. Post-triangular field of hind wing with no single cell reaching from short
sector to first sector of triangle. Brown stripe on obsolete first lateral
thoracic suture (i. e. at the metastigma) not forked, no brown metepimeral
stripe. . Anterior lamina bifid to base, apices narrower (viewed in
profile), not spinulose; hamule more prominent than adjacent parts, its
much longer outer branch curved forward, apex flattened, wider, trans-
versely truncated, denticulated, the short spine-like inner branch pointing
backward. @. Vulvar lamina reaching to one-half the lateral margin of
segment 9, not attaining the bases of the ventral style-like processes, its
apical margin excised or bilobed for its whole width, the two sides of the
excision forming an angle of about 110°; style-like processes of 9 about
-2 mm. long, one-fifth as long as the lateral margin of that segment.
Abdomen, ¢ 22°5-29, ? 20-25; hind wing, g 26-38, ? 25-30 mm. . 1. didyma.
CC. Post-triangular field of hind wing with at least one cell reaching from
short sector to first sector of triangle. Brown stripe on obsolete first
lateral thoracic suture forked in its upper half, a brown metepimeral
stripe running off from near the lower end of the second lateral thoracic
suture, antecubitals on hind wing 7-9. ¢. Anterior lamina as promi-
pent as genital lobe, its apex biparted, each tip spinulose ; hamule a little
more prominent than the other parts, hook-like, directed backward ;
superior appendages in dorsal view with their tips pointing almost
straight backward, in profile view with an inferior tooth at two-thirds
their length, distal side of tooth forming almost a right angle with
appendage, proximal side forming a much more oblique angle with the
appendage and bearing five denticles, no external row of denticles.
Abdomen, ¢ 27-28, 9?; hind wing, ¢ 32-36,?? 325mm... . . 2. atra.
* It is much to be regretted that recent authors, in introducing new species of Micrathyria, have not
followed the example, set by Hagen in 1861, of describing the external genitalia, which are unquestionably the
chief specific characters in this genus. The difficulties of identification are much increased by this omission.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., April 1906. 9d g
222 NEUROPTERA.
BB. Discoidal triangle of front wing free; one or more cells in the post-
triangular field, hind wing, reaching from short sector to first sector of
triangle; brown stripe of obsolete first lateral thoracic suture forked in its
upper half (except in Ecuadorian examples of ocellata). 3. Anterior
lamina bipartite, each tip spinulose ; hamule hook-like, directed backward.
D. Brown metepimeral stripe absent; antecubitals on hind wing 6. ¢. Ab-
dominal segments 5 and 6 with pale stripes or spots ; superior appendages
in dorsal view with their tips not diverging, in profile with an almost
straight inferior row of 6-8 denticles on the middle third; anterior
lamina less prominent than the adjacent parts. 92. Vulvar lamina
reaching to oue-third of the lateral margin of segment 9, not attaining
the base of the style-like processes, its apical margin with a median
notch ; style-like processes about ‘2 mm. long, about one-sixth as long
as the lateral margin of 9. Abdomen, ¢ 19-24, 2 21-23; hind wing,
SO 25°5-29°5, 9 265-28 mm.. . . . . . ww we hagenii.
DD. Brown metepimeral stripe present, running off from about mid-height
of the second lateral thoracic suture; antecubitals on hind wing 7.
. Abdominal segments 5 and 6 with no pale markings; superior
appendages in dorsal view with their tips diverging, in profile showing
no denticles, but the apical two-thirds very convex inferiorly, an external
row of 5-6 denticles on the middle third, visible in dorsal or veutral view ;
anterior lamina and genital lobe subequally prominent. 9 unknown.
Abdomen 26-28 ; hind wing 275-30mm. . . . ..... 4, dissocians.
DDD. Brown metepimeral stripe present, running off from near the lower
end of the second lateral suture in representatives of this fauna; ante-
cubitals on hind wing 6 (7 in Ecuadorians). g. Abdominal segments 5
and 6 with no, or very small basal, pale marks ; superior appendages in
dorsal view with their tips converging, in profile with two inferior teeth at
two-fifths and three-fifths their length respectively and separated from
each other by a concavity, an external row of denticles running proximad
from the distal tooth, but external to the proximal tooth; anterior lamina
and genital lobe subequally prominent. ¢. Vulvar lamina almost
as in hagenii. Abdomen, ¢ 21:5-24, 2 21; hind wing, ¢ 24-26°5,
929mm... . ww... OB ocellata (Central-American form).
AA. Number of cells between the posterior angle of the triangle, hind wing, and
the distal subbasal sector (A, of C. & N.) immediately opposite that angle
one ; discoidal triangle of front wing free, one or more cells in the post-
triangular field of hind wing reaching from the short sector to the first sector
of the triangle.
E. Front wing with the internal triangle usually three-celled, the two post-
triangular rows increasing to three rows proximal to the level of the nodus ;
antecubitals on hind wing 7-8. . Anterior lamina rudimentary, hamule
and genital lobe subequally prominent, hamule pointing backward ; superior
appendages with no inferior subbasal denticle. 2. Vulvar lamina reaching
to one-third of the lateral margin of segment 9, not attaining the bases of
MICRATHYRIA. 223
the style-like processes, its apical margin straight; style-like processes about
‘5 mm. long, one-half as long as lateral margin of 9 ; no mid-dorsal abdominal
black stripe, only the carina black. Abdomen, ¢ 20-24, 9 19-21; hind
wing, ¢ 24°5-80, 9 255-27 mm. . . . . . ww we ee ee 6. 8Chumanni.
EE. Front wing with the internal triangle usually 2-celled ; post-triangular rows
as stated for schumanni; antecubitals on hind wing 5-6. . Anterior
lamina more prominent than adjacent parts, bilobed, apices wider (profile
view), not spinulose but smooth and polished; hamule pointing backward ;
superior appendages with an infero-internal subbasal denticle. 9. Vulvar
lamina reaching to one-half of the lateral margin of segment 9, attaining
the bases of the style-like processes, its apical margin convex, not notched ;
style-like processes about ‘4 mm. long, one-third to one-half as long as
the lateral margin of 9; a mid-dorsal abdominal black stripe triangularly
dilated on the apices of the posterior segments. Abdomen, ¢ 19-21,
? 16-19; hind wing, ¢ 23°5-25, 9 21-255 mm. . .. ... . . 7% e@qualis.
EEE. Front wing with the internal triangle free ; antecubitals ou hind wing 6.
¢. Vulvar lamina and mid-dorsal abdominal stripe as stated for equalis,
F. The two post-triangular rows, front wing, increase to three rows between
the levels of the last antecubital and first postnodal. ¢. Anterior lamina
depressed, constricted in the middle; superior appendages gently curved
downward at two-fifths their length, with an infero-internal subbasal
denticle. Abdomen, ¢ 145-16, ¢ 15-17:5; hind wing, ¢ 18°5-20,
9 20-22 mm... .. . . ee ee ee ew eee) 8 debilis.
FF. The two post-triangular rows, front wing, only increase to three cells or
rows at one or two cells distance from the hind margin. ¢. Anterior
lamina not depressed nor constricted; superior appendages abruptly
curved downward, almost angulated, at three-fifths their length; no
inferior subbasal denticle. Abdomen, ¢ 16, ? 14; hind wing, ¢ 20,
919mm... ........0.0¢.0¢02.0¢6.20¢%260C~U 42 we ee O. CBImiIC.
Variations in the above venational characters are occasionally met with, and the colour-patterns
described become obscured with pruinosity in aged individuals; hence the importance of the
structural, genital, specific characters.
1. Micrathyria didyma. (Tab. IX. fig. 12.)
Libellula didyma, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 453 (1857) *.
Micrathyria didyma, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 41 (1890)’; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv.
p. 539, t. 17. figg. 98-102 (details, §) (1895) °; Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 261
(1896) *; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 35 (1904) ’.
Dythemis didyma, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 75 (1875) °.
Libellula phryne (nec Perty), Rambur, Névrop. p. 121 (1842) ”.
Dythemis dicrota, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 166 (1861) *.
Mesothemis poeyi, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 194 (1866) ’.
Additional references, of less importance, are given by Hagen ® and by Calvert’.
Some, but not all, of the present females from Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas, and
those from Panima and Guayaquil, have the wings more or less tipped with brown. Thus, of the fourteen
2g 2
224 NEUROPTERA.
from Frontera, three have no yellowish-brown at the tips, while the other eleven show a gradual transition
from only the merest trace at the extreme apices to a condition where the brown extends inward
(proximad) to the level of the last postcubital. The extent of this apical colouring is not dependent on
age, for it reaches its greatest extent, in the Frontera series, in a female showing no pruinosity and whose
colours generally are bright and fresh, while no yellowish-brown at the wing-tips is seen in individuals
with little, and with much, pruinosity. Among females from other localities having the wings not tipped
with brown, some are young, others are old and partly pruinose.
No males from any locality show more than the merest trace of apical wing-colouring, nor do any of the
present females from the West Indies.
Both extremes of size given on p. 221 are found in the examples from Vera Cruz.
Hab. Lower Carirornia, San José del Cabo? (Hisen, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3 ).—MeExico,
Tepic [1 ¢], Santiago Iscuintla [1 ¢], Guadalajara [1 ¢, 1 2] (Schumann) [1 ¢ |
and El Castillo [1 3 ] (McClendon, coll. P. P. C.) in Jalisco, Altamira in Tamaulipas
(Hoag, coll. P. P.C.: 13,49), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 66,4 2) and
Coatzacoalcos (coll. Deam: 1 2?) in Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 5 3,6 2), Frontera
(coll. Westcott: 4.6, 14 92) and Teapa (H. H. Smith: 4 38, 5 2) in Tabasco,
Lumija * in Chiapas (coll. Westcott: 1 3, 3 @), Salina Cruz (coll. Deam: I ¢ ) and
Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 13, 22) in Oaxaca, Campeche!; Britisy
Honpuras, Belize (Blancaneaur: 1 3); Guatemata, Panima [1 ¢,1 2], Chacoj
[1 3 ] (Champion); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3 ).—
CotomsBia, Santa Fé de Bogota [Lindig: 1 3]; Gutana, Surinam [Thorey: 1 3]
(M. C. Z.); Ecuapor, Duran [1 ¢ }, Guayaquil [1 2 | (Ff. Campos f., A. N.S,); West
Inpizs, Havana (Baker, coll. P.P.C.: 1 2) in Cuba!’ 8 (Poey, Wright, M. C.Z.: 2 ¢,
1 2), Isle of Pines®, Jamaica*, Samana (Frazar, M.C.Z.: 486,119; coll. P. P.C.
ex coll. McLachlan: 1 3,1 2) in Hayti (Abbot, A. NW. S.: 1 o,1 2)f.
Taken in most of the months of the year at various Mexican localities, e. g., January
to April at Teapa.
* Lumija “is the name of a finca or rubber plantation some two hundred miles up the Grijalva River from
the Bay of Campeche.”—Dr. O. 8. Westcott, in litt., May 14, 1905.
+ Dr. Ris® extends the distribution of this species to Southern Brazil and Argentina, and gives some
differences shown by the examples from the extreme southern limit from those of Equatorial and Central
America. I have before me four males, one female from Rio Janeiro (M. C. Z.), Sapucay in Paraguay
(U.S. N. M.), and near Coroico, Yungas, Bolivia (A. NV. S.), of rather small size (abdomen, ¢ 21-24°5,
Q 22; hind wing, d 23-27, 2 26 mm.), which differ from all the specimens enumerated above in having
the brown stripes on the first and second lateral thoracic sutures so widened that their adjacent edges coalesce
almost completely, thus forming one wide brown stripe enclosing a green vitta inferiorly ; in having the
external hamular branch extending forward only to the level of (and not anterior to) the front edge of
the anterior lamina; two pointed tubercles (wanting in didyma) on the ventral surface of abdominal
segment 1 of the male; superior appendages more slender, not tending to form a tooth at the last inferior
denticle. These individuals seem worthy of a varietal name, and, if they have not yet received one (a question
almost impossible to determine from the published descriptions), may be known as Micrathyria didyma
hypodidyma, subsp.n. Dr. Ris has since informed me (in litt., 6. xii. 05) that he finds the bulk—but not
the type—of Micrathyria septima, Selys, in the Selysian collection to be this southern form of didyma. The
type of M. septima is the same as M. wqualis, Hagen, as noted under that species, vide posted.
MICRATHYRIA. 925
2. Micrathyria atra. (Tab. IX. figg. 13-15.)
Dythemis atra, Martin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. xvi. p. 590 (1897) *.
¢. The male from San Felipe is evidently younger than that from Honduras or than M. Martin’s type’, and
consequently shows some differences in colours, as follows :—Occiput reddish-yellow; dark colours of
the thorax brown, which predominates on the dorsum but not on the sides, where it has some metallic
reflection; mid-dorsal thoracic carina, a narrow transverse stripe in front of the ante-alar sinus and a
narrow antehumeral stripe, which does not reach the transverse stripe, yellow; the transverse stripe is
confluent at its outer end with the upper end of a yellowish humeral stripe; pale colour of the side of
the thorax green, the pattern as shown in our figure; abdominal segments 1-7 pale reddish-brown, their
longitudinal carine and the intersegmental sutures black, the pale colour on 7 with a more yellowish
tinge than the others; 8-10 black, a pale basal spot on each side of 8; wings clear except for the tips
smoky-brown proximad to not quite as far as the stigma, and some brownish-yellow in the extreme
base of the submedian space of the hind wings, reaching out not halfway to the cross-vein.
@. A female from Teapa seems to belong to this species on account of its size and venation. It differs
from the San Felipe male in having less metallic blue on the frons and no brown at the wing-tips ;
there is some pruinosity at the wing-bases. The sides of the thorax are too obscure to make out the
colour-pattern, and I suspect that the abdomen attached to this specimen is really that of a species of
Erythroduplax.
Hab. tMexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 1 2); GuatTemata, San Felipe,
Retalhuleu (Maxon & Hay, U. 8S. N. M.: 1 8); Honpuras (coll. Selys: 1 3).—
- Brazit, Para (teste Ris in litt., 25. x. 1905), Minas Geraes }.
Taken in February at San Felipe, in April at Teapa.
The identification of this species has only been rendered possible by the kindness of
Dr. F. Ris, who has studied the type of M. Martin, and has loaned me the Honduras
male quoted. The structural characters of the San Felipe specimen agree perfectly.
3. Micrathyria hagenii. (Tab. IX. figg. 16-18.)
Micrathyria hagenii, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 41 (1890)"; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv.
p. 540, t. 17. figg. 95-97 (details, ¢ 9) (1895)*; (3) Zool. i. p. 399 (1899) °; Carpenter,
Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 261 (1896) *; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ni. p. 368
(1899) °. .
Dythemis didyma (nec Selys), Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 165 (1861)°.
Dythemis dicrota (nee Hagen, 1861), Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Xvili. p. 75 (1875) *.
The extent of metallic blue on the upper surface of the frons is variable, but is not correlated with size, age,
or the existence of 2 or of 3 cells immediately after the triangle on the front wings.
Hagen ° called attention to the larger size of his Mexican specimens as compared with those from Cuba, but
this does not appear to be always the case, to judge from the West-Indian examples before me:
e. g., abdomen, ¢ 23 (Izamal), 22°5 mm. (Matamoros, Hayti); hind wing, ¢ 26:5 (Izamal), 29 mm.
(Matamoros, Hayti).
Hab. Unrrep Staves, Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville (Schaeffer, Mus. Brooklyn
Inst. 1 3, 12) in Texas? (A. W. 8S.: 1 9); Lowsr Cauirornia, Mesa Verde?,
Miraflores2, San José del Cabo? (Hisen, coll. P. P. C.: 93, 4 2).— Mexico,
Matamoros® (M. C. Z.: 1 3,1 2) and Tampico® in Tamaulipas, Acaponeta*® and
Tepic3, Izamal (Gaumer, Field Columb. Mus. Chicago: 2 3 ) and Tekanto? (A. N.S.
226 NEUROPTERA.
Exped.*: 3 g)in Yucatan; Panama, La Chorrera®,—West Inpims, Havana (Baker,
coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) in Cuba %, Jamaica 4, Hayti (Cabot, M. C. Z.: 1 3).
Taken in March (Tekanto) and November (Acaponeta, Tepic). In September, 1893,
at San José del Cabo, Dr. Eisen obtained 140 specimens ”.
4, Micrathyria dissocians, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 19-21.)
Colours almost exactly as in M. hagenii, except for the differences given on p. 222, and that the pale stripes
on abdominal segments 3 and 4 are narrower, the spots on 7 larger. Front wings with 9-10 ante-,
7-8 postcubitals; stigma 2°8-3 mm. long. Other characters are given on p. 222.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith: 2 3 ).—West Inpies, Mayaguez
in Porto Rico (Barrett, coll. P. P. C1: 1 3).
Taken in May at Atoyac, in January at Mayaguez.
The specific name refers to the divergence of the tips of the superior appendages as
seen in dorsal view.
5. Micrathyria ocellata. (Tab. IX. figg. 22, 23.)
Micrathyria ocellata, Martin, Ann. Soc, Ent. Fr. Ixvi. p. 589 (1897) °.
The Mexican and Guatemalan examples differ from those from the type-locality as follows :—
Mexico.—Guatemala. Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Abdomen ¢ (in mm.)...... 215-24 25°5—28°5
» & 9) eee 21 25-27
Hind wing ¢ 4... 24-26°5 27-30
” Ogg tee ee 26 28-30
Antecubitals, front wing.... 8 8-10, more often 9
” hind ,, .... 6 7, occasionally 6
Brown stripe on obsolete first| forked in its upper half. not forked.
lateral suture
Brown metepimeral stripe} near lower end of suture,| above mid-height, stripe
running off from the second| stripe itself almost reach-| itself much shorter.
lateral suture ing hind wing-base.
Yellowish-brown at base of| to not more than halfway | to submedian cross-vein or
hind wing reaching out to submedian cross-vein. to arculus.
Tips of wings ............ not darker or differently | smoky or brown in to the last
coloured. postcubital or not so far.
In the Mexican and Guatemalan specimens the pale antehumeral stripe does not reach the pale transverse stripe
in front of the antealar sinus ; in some examples from Ecuador these stripes are confluent, in others not so.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann: 1 3); Guatemaia, Los Amates
[6 ¢ |, San José [3 2 | (Williamson, coll. ejusd.).—Ecuapor, Guayaquil! (coll. P. P. C.
ex coll. R. Martin: 1 3) [9 6, 10 9], Duran [1 2], El Salado [1 ¢ ] (Campos,
A.W. 8.).
Taken in January and February at the Guatemalan localities.
* For a sketch-map of the route traversed by this expedition in Yucatan and the location of Tekanto, see
Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1891, p. 310.
MICRATHYRIA. 227
6. Micrathyria schumanni, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. fige. 39, 40; Tab. IX.
fig. 24.)
Micrathyria, sp., Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) Zool. i. p. 400 (no description) (1899) ?.
d (younger). Frons, clypeus, and labium pale blue, the frons superiorly (but not in teneral) and the vertex
metallic blue; labrum cream-coloured ; occiput dark brown above, pale (blue?) behind. ‘Tip of the
vertex concave; occiput, in dorsal view, more convex and projecting farther posteriorly than in the other
species, its posterior surface with a mesial impressed line.
Prothorax dull brown, its anterior margin and a median spot on the middle lobe pale greenish.
Thoracic dorsum brownish (with metallic-blue reflection in teneral individual) ; the mid-dorsal carina, a short
superior stripe (a) on each side of it and almost contiguous with it, an antehumeral stripe (0), a trans-
verse stripe (¢) in front of each antealar sinus, and a wide humeral stripe (d), pale green ; a is confluent
at its upper end with c, d is confluent above with c, below with 6, but 6 is not confluent with a orc;
the humeral suture is brown and thus divides the pale green humeral stripe lengthwise. Sides of the
thorax pale green with a brown stripe on each of the following :—mesepimeron, obsolete first lateral
suture, second lateral suture, and metepimeron; the first and second of these brown stripes anastomose
above the metastigma, the last one is almost continuous with its fellow of the opposite side across the
pectus, which is chiefly pale green but has a brown stripe along the mesial side of the latero-ventral
metathoracic carina.
Legs dark brown, femora with two superior longitudinal lines and the inferior surface yellowish.
Abdomen dark brown, a paler stripe on each side of 1-6 and 8-9, not reaching the apex on 5-6, 7 with a
better-marked blue spot each side, occupying the basal three-fourths ; a ventral yellowish stripe on each
side of 1-10.
Abdominal appendages very nearly as in didyma, but smaller. For further details, see page 222 and the
figures.
$ (older), Occiput reddish superiorly ; the entire thorax and first three or four abdominal segments pruinose
to the gradual obliteration of the former markings ; legs more obscure brown.
Eisen and Vaslit’s Tepic male is very teneral, the other Mexican specimens are pruinose, but all the Mexicans
lack any trace of brown apical colouring to the wings. The Guatemalan males are of different ages and
permit tracing the changes in body-colours, accompanying the increase of pruinosity, described above ;
they have the tips of the wings smoky or pale brown almost to the level of the last postcubital, and
their size is smaller: abdomen 20-22, hind wing 24:5-27 mm. (cf. p. 223).
©. Similar to the male; metallic-blue on frons and vertex less intense and less extended ; abdomen pale
brown, or green anteriorly, the carinw and intersegmental sutures black ; terminal appendages subequal
in length to 9. (For other details, see p. 223.) Tips of all the wings pale brown to a variable extent,
in the maximum almost to the nodus, but in every example fading away very gradually proximally, so
that the margin is very difficult to define.
3 @. Front wing: antecubitals 9-11 (10), postcubitals 7-9 (8). Hind wing: antecubitals 7-8 (7), post-
cubitals 7-10 (8). The numbers in parentheses are those of most frequent occurrence.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci: 1 é) [8 o],
Guadalajara {3 3] (Schumann), Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 3); Guare-
-maza, San José in Dept. Escuintla (Wiiliamson, coll. ejusd.: 4 3,10 2).
Taken in February (San José), July (Tepic, Guadalajara), September (Amula), and
November (Tepic).
This species, apparently confined. to the Pacific slope, is named in honour of
Mr. Schumann, whose collections, now in possession of Mr. Godman, have been
so frequently quoted in this work.
228 NEUROPTERA.
7. Micrathyria zqualis.
Dythemis equalis, Hagen, Syn. Neur, N. Amer. p. 167 (1861)’; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Xl.
p. 293 (1867) °.
Micrathyria equalis, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 267 (1894) °; Calvert, Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 543, t. xvii. figg. 107-109 (details 3) (1895)*; (3) Zool. i. p. 400
(1899) *; Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jam. ii. p. 261 (1896) °.
Micrathyria septima, Selys, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 269, t. 3. fig. 6 (3 in colours) (the type
from Barranquila only) (1900) ’.
&. The younger males have the thorax coloured nearly as described‘ for the females, except that the brown
has a metallic-blue reflection, the mid-dorsal carina is pale, but often there is no pale submedian stripe
on each side of it; abdomen black, with two or three spots on each side of segments 2 and 3, a small
basal spot on each side of 4 (and in some 5 and 6), and the large spot occupying the basal two-thirds of
each side of 7, yellow.
None of the present males have the tips of the wings brown.
Q. Not all the present females have the tips of the wings smoky, ¢. g. those from Cuba, Coatzacoaleos, Salina
Cruz, Tehuantepec, Gualan, Guayaquil, and some of those from Teapa; the presence or absence of this
colouring does not seem to depend on age. Singularly enough, the only female taken in coitu, that
from Gualan, has the internal triangle of both front wings 3-celled, but in all other characters agrees
with equalis.
The Venezuelan and Ecuadorian examples only differ from the others, so far as I can discover, in having the
bases of the hind wings with a little more colour (brownish-yellow), reaching, in the males, in the
subcostal and submedian spaces, out to the level of the submedian cross-vein and, in the postcostal space,
back to the level of the apex of the membranule ; in the single female this yellow is clearer and reaches
to the distal angle of the triangle and back almost to the anal “ angle,” with a still fainter yellow on the
same part of the front wing.
Hab. Lowmr Cautrornia, Miraflores 4 [1 ¢ ], San José del Cabo4 [4 3,1 2 ] (Hisen
& Vaslit, coll. P. P. C.).—Mexico, Matamoros! and Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.:
1 9) in Tamaulipas, Tepic®, Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 3, 2 ¢ ), Medellin [2 ¢,
1 @ | near Vera Cruz [1 ¢], Atoyac [1 ¢] (H. H. Smith), Coatzacoalcos (coll. Deam:
1°), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 43,14 9), Salina Cruz (coll. Deam: 1 2)
and Isthmus of Tehuantepec [Sumichrast: 1 2 | in Oaxaca; Guatemata | Van Patten:
1 3] (UM. C. Z), Los Amates [1 ¢ ], Gualan (6 ¢ +1 pair] ( Williamson, coll. gusd.) ;
Nicaragua, Polvon (McMiel, M. C. Z., coll. McLachlan: 3 3 ).—Cotomsia, Barran-
quilla?; Venuzvera (U. S. N. UM. ex coll. Banks: 1 3); Ecuapor, Duran [1 ¢ |,
Guayaquil [1 ¢, 1 9] (Campos R., A. N.S.); West Inpizs, Cuba !? (Poey, Ml. C. Z,
A. N.8.: 16,12), Jamaica®, Samana in Hayti (Frazar, M.C. Z.: 3 3), Mar-
tinique (Bugnion, teste Ris, in litt.), Grenada 3,
Taken in almost every month at one or other of the Mexican and Guatemalan
localities, e.g. January to April, inclusive, at Teapa.
The type of V. septima, Selys’, from Barranquilla, Colombia, is in the possession
of Her Royal Highness the Princess Therese of Bavaria, who has graciously permitted
Dr. F. Ris to study it. To him I am very greatly indebted for much information and
help with this genus, and he has communicated the fact that this type is identical with
equalis. The other individuals in the Selysian collection which de Selys referred to
MICRATHYRIA, 229
septima prove to be, for the most part, that form of didyma which I have called
hypodidyma in the footnote to page 224.
8. Micrathyria debilis, (Tab. IX. figg. 25-27.)
Dythemis debilis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 168 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 293 (1867) *.
Macrothemis debilis, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 33 (1890) *.
In 1897 I noted from Hagen’s (male) type from Cuba that the two post-triangular rows of the front wing
extended to beyond the level of the nodus, anterior lamina less prominent than the other parts; hamule
bifid at tip, inner branch more slender, curved, tip acute, outer branch longer, much wider, tip obliquely
truncated outward (laterad) and downward (ventrad). Genital lobe about equally prominent as the outer
hamular branch, rounded at tip. Abdomen 16, hind wing 18, pterostigma 1°75 mm, The remainder
of my notes agree with what has been given in the synopsis on page 223,
The present material differs from the type by a greater number of cross-veins as follows :—Front wings,
8 (rarely 7 or 9) ante-, 5-7 (most frequently 6) postcubitals, instead of 6 and 4 respectively '. The hind
wings have 6 (rarely 5) ante- and 5-8 (usually 6) postcubitals. The pale marks on segments 3-6 are
usually at least one-third as wide as the half of the dorsum on which they lie, instead of being mere
lines on 5-61. The pterostigma, front wing, is 2 mm. long in most of these males and in the Lumija
and in at least one of the Altamira females, but in the great majority from this last locality it is 2°5 mm.
The colour-pattern of the sides of the thorax in the females includes a brown stripe on the obsolete first
lateral suture, forked in its upper half, and a brown metepimeral stripe; the males are too old or
otherwise obscured to show the colouring of this part distinctly.
_ Hab. Mexico, Altamira in 'lamaulipas [13 @ ], San Luis Potosi [1 2 ] (Hoag, colls.
A. N.8., P. P. C.), Frontera in Tabasco [1 ¢ ], Lumija in Chiapas [1 ¢,1 2 ] (coll.
Westcott) ; Guatema.a, Puerto Barrios (Line, O. 8S. U.: 23 ).—West Inpins, Cuba ! 2.
Taken in March (Puerto Barrios), June (Altamira), July (Altamira, Frontera, Lumija),
and September (San Luis Potosi).
Owing to the differences above noted I was at first doubtful whether these specimens
should be referred to debilis. Dr. Ris has kindly examined a male from Puerto Barrios
and a female from Altamira, and writes (25. x. and 6. xi. 1905) :—*“ Your [Puerto
Barrios specimen]... . is indeed what I have, when working at the de Selys collection,
considered as WZ. debilis. It is true that no specimens with Hagenian label are in the
collection, but I found the description agreeing well with the specimens. All of them
(6 males, 9 females) are from Cuba. Varieties in reticulation are numerous; I have
noted the absence of the last uncomplete antecubital in 7 wings (twice symmetrical) ;
absence of the ‘ Antenodalbriickenquerader’ in 8 wings (twice symmetrical, but in
fore wings only) *. On the number of antecubitals I have no general note, but for
3 specimens the indications 6, 6, 63 . . .. my description [of the genitalia of the second
segment ¢]....and a rough pen-sketch agree perfectly with your specimen, and,
I think, with Hagen’s description as well.” ‘About the female... . I agree with
you that it is of the species considered as debilis in my notes.”
* In contrast to these variations, all of the 4 ¢ , 15 9 from Mexico and Central America have two bridge-cross-
veins on all the wings, and on only one fore wing is the last incomplete (7. e. not continuous) antecubital absent,
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., August 1906. Dh
230 NEUROPTERA.
9, Micrathyria eximia. (Tab. IX. figg. 28-30.)
Micrathyria eximia, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 609, t. 13. fig. 4 (not 3 as stated
in the text and in the explanation of the plate) (entire insect ¢) (1897) °.
The present specimens agree well with Mr. Kirby’s description’; their essential characters have been given
on page 223. In both sexes the pale antehumeral stripe does not reach upward to the antealar sinus
nor to the pale transverse line in front of the sinus. The dark stripe on the obsolete first lateral thoracic
suture is forked in its upper half, the anterior branch of the fork uniting with the dark stripe which,
below, borders the lower half of the humeral suture. A dark metepimeral stripe is well-developed. The
pale markings on abdominal segments 1-7 of the female are longer and wider than in the male.
Hab. GuatemMaLa, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 2 6); Panama, David (Cham-
pion: 1 2 ).—Braztt, Para !, Obydos 1.
Taken March 6, 1905, at Puerto Barrios, Feb. 2 at Obydos!.
NEPHEPELTIA *.
Nephepeltia, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 259, 310 (1889) '; Cat. Odon. p. 44 (1890) *.
Neothemis, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 256 (1889) °.
‘lwo species are known, and may be distinguished as follows :—
Triangular area on the metasternum with a long (1 mm.), strong, sharp spine;
front wing with two cells between the internal triangle and the hind margin ;
third tibia of the male with the spines of the inner and outer rows subequal
in size and number (15-16 inner, 12-13 outer row). ¢: abdomen 16-17,
hind wing 18-19mm.. 2. 2 6 1 ew ee ee we ee we we phryne.
[Triangular area on the metasternum with a rounded tubercle to represent the
spine of phryne; front wing with one cell between the internal triangle and
the hind margin; third tibia of the male with the spines of the inner row
much shorter and more numerous (35-36) than those of the outer row (12).
Abdomen, f 17, ¢ 15; hind wing, ¢19°5,? 19mm... . . . . . . flavifrons +.]
* Mr. Champion has ascertained for me that Mr. Kirby’s “ Revision of the Libellulins,” cited above ', was
published on Aug. 14th, 1889. Prof. Karsch °, J. c. p. 343, gives Aug. 15th, 1889, as the date of publication
of his paper in which the name Neothemis was proposed.
[t [Nephepeltia] Neothemis flavifrons, Karsch, J. ¢.?
Nannothemis prodita, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 94 (1875) (no description; gives Nannophya
inermis, Selys, no description, as a synonym).
I have Hagen’s two specimens, from the M.C. Z. before me: a ¢ labelled “ Bres” and “ Nannophya
inermis, DS.,” in de Selys’s hand, and a @ labelled “ W. prodita, Hag., Pernambuco (NV. dubia, Hag.),” in
Hagen’s hand. Karsch’s unique ¢ type came from Lambare, Paraguay, and was captured by Rohde.
The Brazilian specimens differ from the description * in having the inner limb of the broken, or angulated,
anterior side of the discoidal triangle of the front wing at least twice as long as the outer limb, which was
probably not the meaning of the “ etwas ungleichschenkelig” of Prof. Karsch ; a faint yellow tinge on the
extreme bases of the wings, more extended on the hind pair, where it reaches to the first antecubital (¢), or
submedian cross-vein (@ ). .
Q. Metallic colour on frons superiorly and on vertex less brilliant, thorax blackish-brown with a pale
NEPHEPELTIA.—ORTHEMIS. 231
1. Nephepeltia phryne. (Tab. IX. figg. 31-33.)
Libellula phryne, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 125, t. 25. fig. 3 (1830-1834) *.
Nannophya phryne, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 91 (1867) *.
Nannothemis phryne, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 258 (1889) °.
Nephepeltia phryne, Kirby, Cat. Odon. pp. 44, 183 (1890) *.
Perty’s description ' says nothing of pale spots on the thoracic dorsum, while the wings are “ omnes hyaline,
nitide.” All the present material possess a pale yellow, elongated, inferior antehumeral spot. Some
of the Guatemalan males have the basal half of the wings pale yellow. On page 200, anted, one of
the characters given for Nephepeltia is ** front wings with only one post-triangular row of cells between
short sector and upper sector of triangle,” while Mr. Kirby in his characterization of Nephepeltia says
“trapezium of fore wings followed by two and then more cells.” This apparent discrepancy is due
to his having counted the cells between the short sector and the lower sector of the triangle, as he
usually does whenever, on front or hind wings, the upper sector of the triangle arises from the outer
side and not from the hind angle.
As compared with Prof. Needham’s figure of the appendages of Edonis helena ¢*, the superior appendages of
phryne & have their inferior tooth at almost three-fifths their length, and the remaining two-fifths more
strongly upcurved.
Hab. Guatemata, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 28) [Deam: 11 3], Los
Amates [ Williamson: 1 3 | (coll. eyusd.); Panama [1 ¢ ].—Gurana, Surinam ?;
Brazit, Piahuit, Rio ?, Bahia [1 ¢ labelled “ Dythemis apicalis, Mus. Berol. Hag.
Amer. Neur. p. 317” in Hagen’s hand], Sta. Catherina [1 3] (MZ. C. Z.).
Taken in mid-January at Los Amates, late February and early March at Puerto
Barrios, May at Panama.
The locality-label on the specimen marked “ Dythemis apicalis,” &c., is “ Rio ;
Bahia,” also in Hagen’s hand. I leave to others the ascertainment of the actual
locality; compare, however, Hagen?, where he also states that the specimen is
identical with Perty’s types in the Munich Museum.
ORTHEMIS.
Orthemis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 160 (1861); Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges.
Wien, xviii. pp. 367, 729 (1867); Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 263, 286
yellow, elongate, inferior, antehumeral spot ; abdomen subequal in width (that of the ¢ distinctly wider at
base and at apex), the pale yellow spots, or rather stripes, on segments 3-7 wider than in the ¢, almost as
long as 3, two-thirds as long as 6 and 7; vulvar lamina reaching to one-third of the length of the lateral
margins of 9, not attaining the gonapophyses of 9, its apical margin slightly bilobed ; appendages longer
than 10, subequal to 9.
The genus Edonis, Needham, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xviii. p. 113 (1905), is apparently closely allied to
Micrathyria and Nephepeltia, but differs from both of these in having the sectors of the triangle of the hind
wing arising from the same point, as well as differing from each in other characters. The figures of the
genitalia and appendages of the male of the single species, H. helena, from Brazil, given by Prof. Needham,
closely approach, although are not identical with, the form of these structures in the two species of
Nephepeltra. |
* See the preceding footnote.
Ing
232 NEUROPTERA.
(1889) ; Cat. Odon. p. 25 (1890); Calvert, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vil. p. 34
(1899).
Neocysta, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 263, 300 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. p. 35 (1890).
Although the types of these two nominal genera, Orthemis ferruginea, ¥., and
Neocysta attenuata, Erichs., present quite a different appearance, they are so connected
by intermediate species (as may be seen by studying the synopsis below) that’ they
must be placed in the same genus*, Perhaps the most striking of these differences is
that of the broad abdomen of ferruginea and the slender hind body of attenuata.
In spite of this, Mr. Kirby’s remark (Trans. cit. p. 302) on Orthetrum (“The con-
spicuous differences in the shape of the abdomen visible in the groups typified by
Libellula sabina.... &c. ....are unaccompanied by any permanent characters of
neuration and are linked together to a great extent by intermediate forms”) may well
be applied to Orthemis, and his example therein followed. It adds to the interest
of these remarks to observe that Orthemis is considered by Dr. Ris to be the New
World representative of the Old World Orthetrum. It is also worth mentioning that
similar wide differences in the shape of the abdomen are also met with in Erythemis
(vide posted).
In addition to the five species named below, other South-American forms are known
to me, one of which is described as O. flavopicta, Kirby.
Synopsis of Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. Hind wings with four or more rows of cells between the proximal sub-
basal sector (A; of Comstock and Needham) and the hind margin at
the level of the hind angle of the triangle; arculus at, or proximal
to, the second antecubital on all wings; pterostigma 6-7 mm. long ;
abdominal segment 2 1-1:25 times as wide as the base of segment 4,
segment 4 1°25-1°75 times as long as wide.
B. Labium with no median black band (its place sometimes taken by
pale brown), femora and tibiz superiorly (exteriorly) pale brown,
tips of wings clear or slightly smoky. Colour-pattern on sides of
thorax consisting of five brownish stripes as follows :—one each on
humeral suture, mesepimeron, metepisternum, second lateral suture
(these last two broadly united at level of metastigma), and on
metepimeron, the last diverging V-like from the preceding; mes-
epimeral stripe often broken into two spots one above the other;
these five stripes wider than the intervening pale areas; only one
pale antehumeral stripe, viz., immediately anterior to the humeral
suture. Abdomen stout, e.g. 4 mm. wide at base of segment 3;
apex of outer hamular branch of ¢ a little produced. Abdomen,
S$ 315-85, ¢ 31-86; hind wing, ¢ 39-48, 9 40-46mm. . . . I. ferruginea.
* After writing the above, 1 notice that the same view is taken by Dr. Ris (Hamburger Magal. Sammelr.,
Odon. p. 43, 1904),
©
ORTHEMIS. 23
B,. [Labium with a broad (25 mm.) median black band; femora and
tibize superiorly darker, almost black on tibiz ; tips of wings to distal
end of pterostigma dark brown; brown stripes on sides of thorax
subequal in width to the intervening yellow (which is deeper than
in ferruyinea) , unbroken, those of metepisternum and second lateral
suture united by a line only, a slight pale antehumeral stripe anterior
and additional to that of ferruginea ; abdomen more slender, e.g.
3°5 mm. wide at base of segment 8, apex of outer branch of genital
hamule of ¢ less produced. Abdomen, ¢ 82-845, 2 31°5-338;
hind wing, ¢ 40-44, 9 42-43 mm... . . . « Subspecies sulphurata*.]
AA. Hind wings with three rows of cells between A, and the hind margin at
level of hind angle of triangle. Labium with a median black or dark
brown band. Colour-pattern of sides of thorax (except in attenuata ?)
different from that of preceding species in that the brown stripes of
the humeral suture and mesepimeron have united throughout their
length. Femora and tibie superiorly dark brown. Pterostigma
4°5-5°5 mm.
C. Arculus at, or proximal to, the second antecubital on the hind wings ;
pale stripes on sides of thorax narrow, that on the mesepimeron
‘5 mm. in width. Abdomen bright red, segment 2 1:1-1°4 times
as wide as base of segment 4, segment 4 1:5-2 times as long as
wide; anterior lamina projecting not half as far as hamule ; hamule
like that of ferruginea, but larger and heavier, apex of outer branch
less produced. ¢: abdomen 295-31, hind wing 38-40 mm.
Q@ unknown. . ...... . ee ew we ew ew Biolleyi.
CC. Arculus distal to the second antecubital on the hind wings and,
usually, also on the front wings.
D. Dorsum of abdominal segments 4-7 chiefly reddish or luteous with
at most only a narrow darker stripe each side ; pale stripe on the
mesepimeron 1—-1:5 mm. wide. .
E. Genital hamule ¢ similar to that of ferruginea, but its outer
branch less produced, anterior lamina projecting almost as
much as the hamule; abdominal segment 2 1°5-1:7 (3),
15-2 (¢) times as wide as base of segment 4, segment 4
325-4 times as long as wide. Abdomen, ¢ 34-88, 2? 34-37 ;
hind wing, ¢ 37-41, 9 87-40 mm. . ...... . . 8. levist.
EE. Genital hamule § more prominent than in any other species
of the genus, more prominent than anterior lamina or genital
* sulphurata, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxix. p. 281 (1868), is introduced for sake of comparison (see
Tab. IX. fig. 35). It is found in Ecuador, Peru, British Guiana, and perhaps Barbados, though I am
doubtful of the identity of the single specimen from this locality.
+ I am unable to separate the females which, on geographical grounds, appear to belong to levis and to
cultriformis respectively.
BS
Qo
rN
NEUROPTERA.
lobe; its outer branch longer than the inner; rolled inward
(mesad) at its extremity, touching its fellow of the opposite
side and forming a covering below (ventral to) the shorter,
hook-like, inner branch, extreme apices of both branches spzne-
like and directed forward. Abdominal segment 2 14-1°8 (3 )s
1:3-2 (2) times as wide as base of segment 4, segment 4,
2:5-4 (g), 2°5-3°5 (9) times as long as wide. Abdomen,
So 31-35, 2 34-37; hind wing, ¢ 36°5-38, ¢ 37-40 mm.. . 4. cultriformis *.
[DD. Dorsum of abdominal segments 4-7 black with three narrow
yellow lines, one on the mid-dorsal carina and one on each of the
lateral margins respectively ; abdominal segment 2 twice as wide
as base of 4, 4 4 (gd), 34 (9%) times as long as wide; genital
hamule ¢ similar to that of ferruginea. Abdomen, 3 31°5—386,
9? 81-84; hind wing, g 34-87, 9 84-86mm. . ..-+ - - attenuata t.
The colour-patterns of the sides of the thorax described above are those of younger
individuals and are soon altered with age, especially with the acquirement of
pruinosity. While they justify the separation of certain species, they are, from the
cause mentioned, often of little use in aiding identification of old examples.
1. Orthemis ferruginea. (Tab. IX. fig. 34.)
Libellula ferruginea, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 423 (1775) ’.
Orthemis ferruginea, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 286, t. 47. figg. 3 (venation), 3a, b,c
(leg, apps. ¢) (1889)*; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 264 (1894) °; (6) xix. p. 604
(1897) ‘; (7) iii. p. 8364 (1899) °; Hart, Ann. Rep. Roy. Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 1891, p. 9
(1892)°; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 520, t. xvi. figg. 67-69 (genit. f) (1895) °;
(3) Zool. i. p. 889 (1899) *; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 260 (1900) °;
Needham, Proc. U.S. N. M. xxvi. t. 48. fig. 1 (venation) (1903); xxvil. p. 702, fig. 3
(labium of nymph) (1904) *; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 42 (1904) * ;
Williamson, Ent. News, xvi. p. 804 (1905) *.
Libellula discolor, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 856 (1839)"*; Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins.
p. 447 (1857) **; Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. pp. 78, 85 (1875) ». Calvert,
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 79 (1898) **.
Orthemis discolor, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 160 (1861); Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 292 (1867) *; Steté. ent. Zeit. xxix. p. 279 (1868) “; xxx. p. 263 (1869); Uhler, Proc.
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 297 (1868) **; Kolbe, Archiv f. Naturg. liv. i. p. 168 (1888) *;
Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 236 (1889) *. |
Libellula macrostigma, Rambur, Névr. p. 57 (1842) ™
* ‘See footnote f, p. 233.
+ Libellula (Orthemis) attenuata, Erichson, Schomburgk’s Reisen in Brit. Guiana, iii. p. 583 (1848), i is
included here mainly for comparison. It is known from Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, and Jamaica, and may
therefore occur in Central America.
ORTHEMIS. 935
I carefully compared the individuals from Texas with those from Sapucay * in Paraguay, but could find no
constant differences, even in those features which at first seemed to show such, ¢.g., size, the number of
antecubitals on the hind wing, the shape of the inferior appendage of the male, and the colour of the
venation. Pruinose individuals from Texas and Arizona seem, indeed, to retain a paler red tint on
the veins than pruinose specimens from many other localities; it would be interesting to determine
whether this condition has any correlation with drier climates.
Variations in the colours of the sides of the thorax have been described by Gundlach”, and Hagen ™ has
commented thereon ; they are often rendered difficult to understand by postmortem changes.
The length of the pterostigma varies in the same locality; the specimens from Teapa give for that of the
front wing: ¢ 6—-6°5, 9 6-7 mm.
Almost all individuals have a trace of yellowish-brown in the extreme proximal end of the subcostal and
submedian spaces of the hind wing, and sometimes also of the front wing, although to a still less extent.
Occasional individuals, more often females, have this brown darker and reaching out, in these spaces of
the hind wing, almost to the first antecubital and the submedian cross-vein, but this is only an individual,
not a geographical, feature where it occurs (Medellin, Teapa, Guadalajara, &c.),
Hab. Univeo States, Key West! in Florida, Dallas45, Waco, Round Mt.
(Schaupp, coll. P. P.C.: 12 6), San Antonio (coll. Deam: 1 2), Shovel Mt. ®,
Carrizo Springs (Schaupp, M. C. Z.) and Brownsville (Schaeffer, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. :
1 2°) in Texas (colls. A. N.S., P. P. C.: 7 3,12), Pecos River!® in New Mexico,
Gila River near Florence (Biederman, A. NV. S.: 4 6,4 2) in Arizona (IZ. C. Z., C. U.
lot 35, see footnote, p. 104, anted); LoweR CaLirornia, Comondu’, Mesa Verde’,
Sierra Laguna’, Sierra El Taste’, Miraflores’, San José del Cabo ‘.—Mexico, Mata-
moros !719, Victoria (Rhoads: 1 3), Altamira (Hoag, colls. A. N.S., P.P.C.: 3 8,
3 9) and Tampico!” 19 in Tamaulipas, Monterey (Rhoads: 5 3,4 2) and Linares
(Barrett MS.) in Nuevo Leon, Monclova (Palmer, M. C. Z.), La Joya in San Luis
Potosi (Hoag, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Mazatlan § , Presidio de Mazatlan (Furrer: 3 3)
and Escuinapa [8 ¢, 2 2 | in Sinaloa, Amatlan [1 9 | (Batty, A. M. N. H.), San Blas
(Schumann: 1 ¢) and Sierra Madre (Richardson: 1 3) in Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit’),
Guadalajara (Schumann, McClendon, Tower, colls. U.S. N.M. & P.P.C.: 10 ¢,
7 2), Uruapam (Rhoads: 1 3) in Michoacan, Jalapa (/. D. G.: 1 3), Plan del Rio
(Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 18), Medellin [1 ¢, 2 2 ], Atoyac [6 3,2 9] (H. . Sinith)
(Schumann: 8 3,12), Orizaba (H. H. S. & F. D. G.: 1 2), San Lorenzo near
Cordova [1 ¢], Omealca [8 3] (Zrujillo), and Tlacotalpam (Barrett, MS.) in Vera
Cruz (coll. Adams), Mexico City (H. H.8.: 1 ¢, 12), Distrito Federal (Barrett,
MS.), Cuautla [Tower: 1 3], Cuernavaca [Barrett: 13, 12] (coll. P. P. C.)
(H. H. 8.: 148,12) [1 6] and Puente de Istla [1 3] (coll. Deam) in Morelos,
Amula [2 ¢ ], Chilpancingo [1 ¢, 2 9] and Acapulco [1 ¢] (H. . S.) (A. Agassiz,
M. C. Z.) in Guerrero, Mitla [1 g ] and Tehuantepec [2 ¢, 1 2] (coll. Deam) (Sumi-
chrast, M. C. Z.) in Oaxaca, Frontera (coll. Westcott: 3 6, 2 ¢) and Teapa (H. 7. S.:
20 g, 11 2) in Tabasco, Izamal [field Colomb. Mus. Chicago: 1 3}, Temax [3 ¢,
* Mr. Foster has described the character of the country surrounding Sapucay in Journ. New York Ent.
Soe. xii. pp. 179 et seq.
236 NEUROPTERA.
6 2] (Gaumer) and Tekanto (A. N.S. Exp. 1890: 1 3) in Yucatan; British Hon-
puras [3 ¢ ], Rio Hondo [1 3 | (Blancaneausr) ; GUATEMALA (coll. McLachlan: 1 8
with label “ Orthemis discolor B.” in Mcl..’s hand), Livingston [3 ¢ |, Los Amates
[1 2], Gualan [21 ¢, 2 2], Zacapa [1 3], El Rancho [2 ¢ ], Santa Lucia [2 ¢,
1 ¢], Escuintla [10 , 2 9] (Williamson, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.), Panzos
[1 ¢ ]in Vera Paz, San Gerdnimo [6 ¢, 4 2 ], Zapote [2 s |] (Champion), Secanquin
in Alta Vera Paz [2 ¢ ], San Felipe in Retalhuleu [3 ¢ | (Maxon & Hay, U.S. N. M.),
San José13; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1), Ruatan Island
(Gaumer: 8 3); Costa Rica (Van Patten: 1 6), Bebedero [1 é |, Carrillo [2 ¢,
1 ¢], San José [2 ¢,4 2] ( Underwood), Esparta [1 6], Surubres near San Mateo,
Pacific slope [19 ¢, 4 2] (Biolley, coll. Kahl), Irazu [2 3,1 @ J, Caché [2 3,42]
(Rogers), Turrialba (Tristan: 1 2); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢ with
label “ Orthemis discolor B.” in Mcl..’s hand), La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler °).—CoLomBIa,
Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. S., Carn. Mus. Pitisb.: 1 6, 1 2), Corinto? in
Dept. Tolima, Bogota 19 2°, Muzo 2°, Cauca River (A. M. NW. H.: 1 6); VeNEzuELa
[3 ¢,3 2], La Guaira [Lyon & Robinson: 10 ¢, 5 2], Caracas [Bartleman: 1 ¢ 1,
Puerto Cabello 1’, Carupano °, Merida [Briceno: 2 6,2 2|(U.S.N. M.); Guiana”,
Georgetown (A. M. WN. H.: 14), Surinam 17, Cayenne 4; Ecuapor, Bucay (Campos R.:
7 6,12), Guayaquil !’; Peru; Botivia, near Coroico, Yungaz [Gerhart: 1 3 |;
Brazin 4, Breves 4, Parana de Buyassu 4, Obydos +, Manaos 4, Pernambuco ",
Bahia !4* 17, Victoria [Hempel: 1 9] (A. WV. 8.), Minas Geraes!’, Rio1’, Thereso-
polis?3; Paraeuay, Sapucay (Poster, U.S. N. M.: 15 3, 7 2); Uruguay, Monte-
video’; Curr!” (%12); Banamas, Andros (If. C. Z.), Eleuthera [1 ¢, 1 2] and
Cat Is. [1 3] (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exped. 1890); West Inpizs, Havana
(Baker, coll. P, P.C.: 138, 382), Santa Ana (Hamilton, A. N. 8.: 3 8 ), and
Cardenas 1829 in Cuba'** (Poey, Am. Ent. Soc.: 1 3), Port Morant (Moore &
Bullock, U. of Pa.: 1 2), Half-way Tree [1 3], Bog Walk [1 2] (Aaron, coll.
P. P. C.), and Kingston [1 ?] in Jamaica! (Fox, &c.: 6 3 |, Hayti?! [Dr. Abdoté :
1¢,12](4. N.S), San Domingo “*", Mayaguez (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 6) in
Porto Rico 1722, St. Thomas!’, St. Croix 1’, Guadeloupe® “* *, Martinique” *?”,
St. Lucia (U. S. NW. Mi: 1 3*), St. Vincent *, Barbados %, Union °, Grenada ®,
Trinidad °.
The geographical distribution of this “most common species” 17 has been given
with such fulness not only for its own sake but also to furnish a standard of com-
parison with others less widely-spread. From the above list of localities it will be
seen that its vertical distribution is also great. Thus, at nearly the same latitude, it
* This male, from Port Castries, is not typical, having a dark brown median labial band 2:5 mm. wide ;
wing-tips, as far as preserved, somewhat smoky ; pterostigma 5:5, abdomen 31, hind wing 37-5 mm. ;-the
thorax is pruinose.
ORTHEMIS. 237
is found at Medellin, but little above sea-level, and at Mexico City, at 7300 feet (2250
metres) elevation; a comparison of the specimens from the two localities does not
show any constant differences.
The imago appears to occur at all months of the year, in at least a large part of its
area of distribution, although no continuous record for any one place exists as yet.
The present Mexican material has been taken in every month at one or another
locality. Specimens collected in January are from such widely-separated situations
as Victoria in Tamaulipas, and three others in Mexico, six in Guatemala, Esparta in
Costa Rica, Brazil+, Sapucay in Paraguay, Porto Rico and St. Vincent’. July
furnishes them from San Antonio, Texas, the Gila River, six Mexican localities,
Corinto 9 in Colombia, La Guaira in Venezuela, Victoria in Brazil, and Cardenas !9
in Cuba. In September they were taken at Acapulco at the sea-level and at Amula,
6000 feet elevation.
The existing literature 4121 contains some brief remarks on the habits of this
species, to which the following may be added:—Mr. Biederman noted at Florence,
Arizona, May 5: “Took one day to get four, do not rest at all.” Mr. Williamson,
at Gualan, Guatemala, Jan. 13: “ Flight very swift, usually over small stretches of
stagnant water along main stream or over irrigating ditches”; at Escuintla, Guat.,
Jan. 31: “Common along ditches in front of houses in the town”; “2 ovipositing,
unattended by ¢, in open water in ditch, striking abdomen several times in one
spot and not moving over large area unless disturbed.” Some of the material from
Surubres, Costa Rica, is marked by Prof. Biolley as from ‘eau stagnante,” other as
taken at the “ bord de la riviére Surubres.”
2. Orthemis biolleyi, sp.n. (Tab. 1X. figg. 36, 37.)
In addition to the details given on page 233 :— ;
g. Frons superiorly and vertex metallic violet, nasus reddish-brown, rhinarium greenish ; labrum brownish-
yellow, free margin narrowly black (wider in the Los Amates ¢ ), occiput dark brown,
Predominant colour of thorax maroon-brown; mid-dorsal carina, some interalar spots, and the pale stripes of
the sides bright sulphur-yellow.
No dark dorsal markings on the abdomen; some greenish-yellow on the sides and under surface of segments 1
and 2, a pair of brown anteapical ventral spots and some brownish streaks on 4-8, two yellow and one
brown longitudinal stripe on each side of the under surface of 3 and, in some, also of 4.
Superior appendages brown, longer than segment 9, not so long as 9+10, shaped as in O. Serruginea ; inferior
appendage one-fourth to one-sixth shorter, almost similar to that of ferruginea.
Pterostigma and membranule brown, or the former greyish. ‘Tips of the wings clear or barely edged with
brown for one cell’s width. Subcostal and submedian spaces of hind wing faintly yellowish halfway
to the first antecubital and halfway to the submedian cross-vein. Venation dark brown or blackish.
Front wings with 15-18 ante-, 11-15 postcubitals; hind wings with 11-13 ante-, 12-16 postcubitals.
@ unknown.
Hab. Guatemata, Los Amates (V. Miller, coll. Williamson: 1 3); Costa Rica,
Esparta (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 3 3); Panama, Bugaba (Champion: 1 3).
Taken at Los Amates January 18, at Esparta in January and February, in the latter
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., August 1906. II
238 NEUROPTERA.
month at the “Bord fangeux du ruisseau Chingo”; these four specimens are recent
captures (1905) and have preserved their colours well.
Named in honour of Prof. P. Biolley, well-known for his labours on the fauna and
flora of Costa Rica.
3. Orthemis levis, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 38, 39.)
In addition to the details already given on page 233 :—
3. Frons superiorly and vertex metallic violet, nasus pale green, rhinarium darker; labrum variable, black,
with two dots or a transverse basal streak yellow, or yellow with black reduced to a margin along free
edge. Median black band on labium 1°3 (Guatemala), 1°6 (Teleman and Atoyac) mm, wide.
Predominant colour of thorax dark brown, mid-dorsal carina brown, on each side of it a pale green or yellow
line, uniting above with a similarly-coloured transverse line in front of the antealar sinus, this latter at
its outer end confluent with a narrow pale antehumeral stripe which widens considerably at its lower
end. A second, more posterior, pale, sinuous antehumeral stripe or line exists immediately anterior to
the lower half or more of the humeral suture. Some pale green spots on the interalar dorsum.
Dorsum of abdominal segments 1, 2 and basal half of 3 brown, a mid-dorsal stripe on 1 and 2, and sides of
1-3 inferiorly, yellowish-green ; dorsum of remainder of 3 and of 4-7 bright red, of 8-10 black, lateral
margins (and also, in some, the mid-dorsal carina) of 8 red, in some a pale mid-dorsal spot on 10; ventral
surface of 1-10 dark brown or black, a longitudinal yellow streak on each side of 3-8.
Superior appendages blackish, longer than 9, not as long as 9+ 10, similar to those of O. ferruginea. Inferior
appendage rather more slender than that of ferruginea.
Tips of the wings varying from faintly smoky (Tehuantepec, Atoyac) to brown from the distal end of the
stigma outward. Membranule, stigma, and venation generally dark brown, but some cross-veins reddish.
Front wings with 16-18 ante-, 13-15 postcubitals, hind wings with 13-15 ante-, 13-16 postcubitals.
Extreme base of hind wing, from costa halfway to apex of membranule, deep yellow, which reaches
outward in the subcostal space halfway to the first antecubital, in the submedian space halfway to the
cross-vein, in the other spaces not so far; extreme base of front wing similarly, but less extensively,
coloured.
In old males the thorax becomes uniformly pruinose, and the markings of the first and second abdominal
segments are obscured.
Q. Differs from the ¢ as follows :—Frons superiorly and vertex brown with only a faint metallic tinge,
more marked in older individuals; labrum chiefly yellow, its free margin black ; median black band of
the labium narrower (1 mm.); pale transverse line in front of the antealar sinus soon lost, present in
only one or two of the specimens listed below, the pale submedian and first antehumeral stripes
consequently not connected ; dorsum of segments 3-7 brownish-red, mid-dorsal carina pale, dilated lateral
parts of 8 pale yellow; appendages dark brown, subequal to 9.
Hab. Mexico, Santiago Iscuintla in Jalisco [3 g], Atoyac in Vera Cruz [1 ¢]
(Schumann) (H. H. Smith: 3 3), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumechrast, M. C. Z.:
2 3); Guaremaza, Teleman in Vera Paz (Champion: 3 3), San Felipe in Retalhuleu
(Maxon & Hay, U.S. N.M.: 2 3,4 2), Santa Lucia [3 ¢], San José [11 ¢, 20 ¢ |
( Williamson, coll. ejusd.) (Hine, O. S. U.: 4 2); Hoypuras [colls. Selys, Martin |.—
Venezueta, Valencia [coll. Martin, teste Ris in litt. ].
Taken in February (Guatemala), May (Atoyac), and July (Santiago Iscuintla).
Mr. Williamson made this note on this species at Santa Lucia, Feb. 2, 1905 :—
“ Along a ravine, alighting on twig-tips, not as difficult to take as O. ferruginea, with
which species it was continually fighting.” Another of his notes is to the effect that
at San José this species was seen only in the mangrove-swamp.
The specific name proposed alludes to the slightness of the abdomen.
ORTHEMIS.—CANNAPHILA, 239
4. Orthemis cultriformis.
Orthemis cultriformis, Calvert, An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, vii. p. 31, fig. 4 (genit. 3) (1899) ';
Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 42 (1904) *
The Bugaba male differs from the description! in lacking the pale line on the second lateral thoracic suture
and black stripes on abdominal segments 1-7; arculus distal to the second antecubital on all the wings
(as it is in all the material listed below, except on the right front wing of two Sapucay males); front
wings with 18-19 ante-, 17-18 postcubitals; colour at extreme base of the wings paler and less
extended.
The females from Sapucay and Bugaba are apparently indistinguishable from those of Orthemis levis.
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Martin ?), Bugaba 800-1500 feet (Champion: 1 3,
1 ¢).—Braziu! (MW. C.Z.: 16; H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 3 *); Para-
euay, San Pedro! (coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Sapucay (foster, U.S. N.M.: 73, 32);
ARGENTINA, San Isidro ?.
CANNAPHILA.
Cannaphila, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 259, 261, 305 (1889) *; Cat. Odon. pp. 41,
182 (1890) *; Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiil. pp. 358, 380 (1890) °.
A Tropical-American genus, all the known forms of which are treated below.
Synopsis of the Species.
Hind wing with only one postcostal cell between the origin of the distal
subbasal sector (A, of Comstock and Needham) and the hind angle
of the triangle, distal subbasal sector arising at, or distal to, the
second submedian cross-vein, anal “angle” less convex; a pale ante-
humeral stripe present; males with the terminal third of the superior
appendages a little more acute and tapering, genital hamule smaller,
subequally prominent with the genital lobe, angles of the truncated
apex of the outer branch rounded off 2 ee ew e eo. angustipennis.
Labium yellow, unmarked with black or with a small median trangulat
black spot; hind wings narrow. . . . . angustipennis type.
[Labium yellow, with a large median subqudrangular black spot ; hind
wings wider. . . . . . . subspecies insularis. |
Hind wing with ¢wo postcostal cells between the origin of the distal sub.
basal sector and the hind angle of the triangle, distal subbasal sector
arising proximal to the second submedian cross-vein, anal “ angle”
more convex; no pale antehumeral stripe; labium yellow with a median
subtriangular black spot; males with the superior appendages less
acute and tapering, genital hamule larger, distinctly more prominent
than the genital lobe, angles of the truncated apex of the outer branch
much less rounded off ©. 2. 2. 1. 1. 1 1 ew ew ee we ew ew viben.
As some of these characters are variable, a brief discussion is desirable here.
To the colour of the labiwm considerable importance has been assigned ; its variations are indicated in several
places in the following text. It is important to note that its pattern is independent of the presence or
* The locality of this male is probably Clapada,
212
240 _ NEUROPTERA.
absence of pruinosity on the body, and hence of age. Thus, the Chiriqui male of angustipennis in the
McLachlan collection is completely pruinose, but its labium is yellow, unmarked; young individuals of
vibex from Atoyac have the median labial black spot very distinct.
Width of the hind wing can be best expressed by giving measurements taken at right angles to the anterior
margin at the levels of the first antecubital, the anterior end of the arculus, and the nodus, and by the
ratios between these widths; a selected series follows, based on the left (except in No. 5) hind wing of
males only :—
SUES e.228 g*,3
ELACS jf hws | 8S
. Ratios. fias |SESs™ | ¢&s.,
. | Width at A: e238 Pe
i ; —_s-— Ss Pa 3 oO © gi g SBE .
i: Locality. of ning i. Width Width | 8 g2ES |[sSERL| GS ee Tabium.
3 , ist ant at Ist at anu ¥ ° 258 Bn ES ny 25
— st ante- ec. 8 2 DSB aa ors
z cubital, Arculus., Nodus. (oath atwidth at EEE SS Fie aoe Boe8
a nodus, | nodus. | 4, Z, 7;
mm. mm. mm, mm
1.) Bugaba .......... 30 55 6 75 | °733 | °8 12 R, 13 L 1 2 Entirely yellow.
2.| Cuba (Gundlach) ..| 33°5| 6:5 7 8:5 | °765 | +823 15 1 2R,3 | do. :
3. Ruatan I. ........ 32 65 7 8-5 | °765 | °823 16 1 3 R, 2 Lj Median lobe crossed
and bordered with
black
do. wa. eee 32°5| 6:5 7 85 | 765 | *823 }138 RB, 141 1 3 do.
do. weet eee 33 6°5 7 8-5 | °765 | °823 15 Rk LR 2R do.
do. ww ee eee 34 6°5 7 9 ‘722 | -777 |15 R, 17 L 1 2 Median lobe black,
mesial edges of
lateral lobes nar-
rowly black.
do. ws ae reese 33 6°5 7 8-5 | -765 | °823 15-17 1 2 do.
. do. ww ee eee 34 6:5 7. 85 | -765 | -823 |19 R, 14 L 1 3 R, 21 do.
.| Guadalajara ...... 34 75 8 95 | °789 | °84 13 1 4 Entirely yellow. .
Portland, Jamaica..| 30°5| 6°5 7 8 *812 | °875 12 1 3 Median lobe and
adjacent part of
lateral lobes cover-
ed by a quadran-
| gular black spot. —
2. Atoyac (in May) ..) 31 6°5 7 8 *812 | +875 14 L 1 3 20
3. do. wee] 33 75 85 9 833 | *944 10 2 5 R, 4 L} Median lobe and ad-
Do. joining parts of
| lateral lobes cover-
. ed by a subtrian-
| fos gular black spot.
| do 35 8 9 95 | -842| -947 |11 RB, 13 L 2 AR, 5L do.
do 33 rigs) 8 85 | 882} -941 |12 R,13 L 2 4 R,3L do.
do 33 8 85 9 *888 | -944 |12 R, 11 L 2 , do.
| do 33 8-5 i) 9:5 | -894 | °947 10 2 3R, 41 do.
do 34 8°5 ) 95 | -894 | -947 13 2 5 do.
| do. weee| 84 8°5 9 95 | -&94 | °947 11 2 do.
. Bugaba .......... 32 8 8°5 9 888 | “944 10 2 3R,4L do.
21. S.Gerénimo, 3000 ft.) 35 9 95 | 10 9 95 10 2 4 do.
Nos. 1 and 2 of the above Table are extreme angustipennis, 20 and 21 extreme vibex ; there would appear,
from these data, to be too gradual a change in the shapes of the bind wings to enable a specific distinction to
be maintained as previous authors have done. For the same reason I have omitted, even in the preceding
synopsis, a differential employed by Pref. Karsch* to the effect that insularis has 10-11 marginal cells on
the hind wings between the short sector and the upper sector of the triangle, while angustipennis has 14-16.
The results of the difference in width of the base of the hind wing may be seen by comparing our figure 35,
CANNAPHILA. 241
Tab. VIII. (made from No, 21 of the above Table), with Prof. Carpenter’s figure of Misagria funerea
quoted below. In the narrow-based hind wing the triangle is nearer the base, irrespective of wing-length,
the origin of the distal subbasal sector is affected as stated in the synopsis suprdé, the number of cells in the
anal area (but not the number of rows) is reduced, and the anal loop is smaller, as compared with the broad-
based wing. To illustrate the differences in number of cells, I have given in the above Table the numbers
of cells found on the “sole” of the “foot” of the anal loop, to use Prof. Needham’s apt terms. As might
be expected from the variation in the width of the hind wing, there is also a variation in the number of
cells in the anal area, with the exception of the number of postcostal cells between the origin of the distal
subbasal sector and the hind angle of the triangle. I have not seen any cases of asymmetry in this feature,
and it is hardly possible to have any other intermediate conditions between one and two cells. The number
of these postcostal cells is, therefore, the most constant character I have been able to find.
A Venezuelan female of vibex has a very small rudiment of a pale antehumeral stripe in the form of a spot
at about mid-height.
Finally, the differences in the male structural characters, given on p, 239, likewise appear to grade one
into the other.
As a result of this discussion, and for the sake of exhibiting the geographical distribution of the variations,
it seems best to list the material studied as follows :—
1. Cannaphila angustipennis.
a. Typical angustipennis with entirely yellow labium,
Libellula angustipennis, Rambur, Névr. p. 63 (1842) *; Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 446
(1857) °; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 159 (1861)°; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 292 (1867) *; xv. p. 374 (1873) °; Scudder, op. cit. x. p. 192 (1866) °.
Leptetirum angustipennis, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 26 (1890) *.
Cannaphila angustipennis, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 880 (1890) °.
(?) Misagria funerea, Carpenter, Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. (n.s.) vili. pt. 5, p. 434, t. 16. figg. 5-9
(venation, details g) (1897).
Extreme widths of the hind wing are represented by Nos. 1 and 10 of the Table on p. 240.
While the wings are usually tipped with brown for a width of 2-3 cells, in one Teapa, the Teleman, and
San Pedro females the brown reaches in to the middle of the pterostigma, but not so far on the hind
margin. The three males from Nicaragua have no brown at the wing-tips; one of them has pale brown
at the base extending out to the arculus on the hind wing, not quite so far on the front pair; the other
two have traces of brown at the base only. Prof. Carpenter mentions a similar condition in his type.
Young examples have abdominal segments 1-7 yellowish-red, 5-7 margined each side with blackish,
which expands posteriorly on each segment to meet its fellow of the opposite side; hitherto-published
descriptions refer to older individuals.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25-30, 9 26-29°5; hind wing, g 30-33, 9 29-36°'5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 ¢ ), Frontera (coll. Westcott: 1 3,4 2)
and Teapa (H. H. Smith: 1 ¢, 1 2) in Tabasco; Guatemata, Teleman in Vera Paz
(Champion: 1 2), Gualan [2 ¢ |, Santa Lucia [1 ¢ ]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
[1 2] (Deam, Williamson, coll. Wilmsn.) ; Nicaragua (Dublin Mus.°) (U.S. N. M.:
3.6); Panama [A. Agassiz: 1 2,1 ¢ J, Chiriqui [ex Staudinger: 1 3,1 29](MC.Z)
(1 ¢], Bugaba (Champion: 1 3), Matachin [Thieme: 1 ¢ ] (coll. McLachl.)—Wnst
InpiEs, Cardenas * in Cuba!~$ (Gundlach: 1 3; Dohrn: 12; M.C.Z, coll. P. P.C.:
1 ¢), Isle of Pines %
242 NEUROPTERA.
Taken in January (Gualan), February (Santa Lucia, San Pedro), April (Teapa), and
July (Guadalajara, Frontera, Matachin, Cardenas 4),
Of the Santa Lucia male Mr. Williamson noted, “In ravine, alighting on twig-tips
and vegetation in sunny spots.”
Having concluded that Misagria funerea® belonged here, I wrote to Prof. Carpenter,
who kindly replied as follows :—“1Sept., 1904..... I have compared the type of my
Misagria funerea with Cannaphila insularis (we have not C. angustipennis), and, as you
say, the neuration agrees very closely. There is, however, a marked difference in the
form of the abdomen, which is strongly constricted at the 4th segment in funerea,
whereas in C. insularis it tapers gradually to the hinder end.” On sending one of the
Ruatan Island males, listed under 0, infra, to Prot. Carpenter, he further wrote :—
“10 Oct., 1904. Thanks for your letter and specimen of Cannaphila angustipennis,
which I have compared with my type of Misagria funerea. I enclose a rough sketch
of the front abdominal segments of the latter, by which you can see how markedly it
differs from angustipennis. The constriction may be an individual aberration, but it is
certainly not due to shrinkage or injury to the insect. In all other points the two are
very close, but there is a slight difference in the form of the upper anal appendages:
angustipennis has them more rounded toward the point, jfunerea more truncate (see
the figure in my paper). I should say on the whole that the two are very close, but,
if the form of abdomen be constant, they can hardly be cospecific. Cogeneric they
certainly are, and, if angustipennis is really cogeneric with Kirby's C. insularis, my
species is a Cannaphila. In form of abdomen, angustipennis is betwixt esularis and
funerea.” |
b. The following species agree with typical angustipennis, except that the labium is more or less marked with
black. Proportions of the hind wings are given in Nos. 3-9 of the table on page 240.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 27-28, 9 28; hind wing, ¢ 30-34'5, 2 32 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco [1 ¢, labelled “Cannaphila angustipennis, Rambur,”
in Prof. Karsch’s hand] (H. H. Smith); Guaremata, Gualan (Williamson, Deam, Hine,
colls. Wiimsn., O. S. U.: 4 6,1 2); Honpvuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer: 8 ¢ ).
Taken in January (Gualan) and March (Teapa).
None of these are young individuals, although they are not equally aged and the
extent of the black marks on the labium is independent of the pruinosity on the body.
They differ from the typical inswlaris in having the black spot on the labium smaller
and not quadrangular and the hind wings a little narrower.
[Subspecies insularis.
Cannaphila insularis, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 341 (1889)*; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) iv. p. 238 (1889)*; Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 880 (1890) °.
Libellula angustipennis, Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 297 (1867) *.
The young males are coloured like the younger females ; the abdomen is reddish or reddish-yellow, the lateral
CANNAPHILA. | 243
caring and intersegmental sutures of all the segments, also the posterior parts of 6 or 7 and 8 and nearly all
of 9 and 10, are black. The old females become pruinose on thorax and abdomen, just as the old males.
The proportions of the hind wing of one specimen of insularis are given as No. 11 of the table on page 240,
from which it will be seen that those proportions are approximately midway between those of extreme
angustipennis (No. 1) and extreme vibew (No. 21). It is therefore worthy of note that all six specimens
of tnsularis before me have only one postcostal cell as stated in the synopsis, page 239, anted ; four of
them have A, arising at or distal to the second submedian cross-vein (except on the left hind wing of the
Samana 9, which has but one—the normal first—submedian cross-vein)—hence as stated for angusti-
pennis; the other two, the Samana g and a d in coll. Adams, have A, arising proximal to the second
submedian cross-vein (the Adams ¢ has three submedian cross-veins on the right hind wing, the extra
one being proximal to the normal first)—hence as in vibex.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 26-27, 2 25-27; hind wing, ¢ 30-32, 2 30-33°5 mm.
Hab. Wrst Inpies, Portland (A. W. S.: 1 ¢) in Jamaica! ?, Samana (Frazar,
M. C.Z.:1 8,1 2) in Hayti?* (coll. Adams: 2 3,1 9 ; Abbott, A. N.S8.: 1 2).
The Haytian specimens of Mr. Adams’s collection were taken in March and April.
Mr. Henshaw has reminded me that some years ago I examined Prof. Uhler’s Haytian
specimens in the M. C. Z. and labelled them insularis. |
2. Cannaphila vibex. (Tab. VIII. fig. 35.)
Libellula vibex, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 159 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p-. 73 (1875) *.
Libellula merida, Selys, Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi. p. 67 (1868) *.
Leptetrum vibex et merida, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 26 (1890) *.
There is considerable variation in the colouring of the sides of the thorax even in individuals from the same
locality and month and of apparently nearly the same age. Thus of two males from Atoyac in April, one
has the yellow stripes which lie immediately in front of and in contact with the humeral and obsolete
first lateral sutures and on the metepimeron well-developed, although not so wide as the intervening dark
metallic brown ; the other has the first and last of these pale stripes narrower and shorter, while the pale
stripe of the first lateral suture is represented by two small isolated spots, the lower hardly more than a
point; neither of these males has any pruinosity and their abdominal segments 1-5 are reddish-yellow.
Young examples have abdominal segments 1-8 reddish-yellow, only the carine and the sutures black. When
pruinosity appears, it is on the abdomen first, as individuals with a strongly pruinose abdomen frequently
show the browns and yellows of the thorax very distinctly.
The proportions of the hind wing for this species are given in Nos, 13-21 of the table on page 240.
There is usually no colouring at the tips of the wings, and in no individual before me does it reach farther
inward than the distal end of the pterostigma, and even then it is a very pale brown. A slight brown
tinge is often present at the extreme base, which reaches its maximum ina female from Atoyac—
extending to the second antecubital on the hind, to the first on the front, wing.
The female from Carrillo has the frons shining red, most of that sex agreeing with the males in having that
part metallic blue or blue-green.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 24-29°5, 9 24-28°5; hind wing, ¢ 30-35°5, 2 32-36 mm.
The smallest males are from Santa Lucia, the largest from Onaca and Atoyac.
Hab. Mexico (U. S. N. M.: 18, badly damaged), Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith:
12 3,4 2, one of these 2 labelled “‘ Cannaphila insularis, Kirby,” in Prof. Karsch’s
hand), Cordova (Saussure 1), Orizaba?; GuaTemaLa, San Gerénimo 38000 feet (Cham-
pion: 26,1 2), Santa Lucia (Hine, O. S. U.: 5 3), Escuintla (Deam, coll.
Wlimsn.: 1 6); Honpuras (teste Ris in litt.); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 1 ¢ ),
244 NEUROPTEKA.
Carrillo (Underwood: 73,12), Tablazo, 1300-1600 metres (Biolley: 13); Panama,
Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 2), Bugaba, 800-1500 feet (Champion: 1 3,1 2).—
Cotomsia (coll. Westcott: 1 ¢), Onaca in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn.
Mus. Pittsb.: 6 3), Bogota (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. McLachlan: 14,1 2, labelled
“merida, S.,” in MclL.’s hand), Sta. Fe de Bogota [Lindig, 1863: 1 ¢, 1 2];
Vunezueta [1 9], Merida?; Braz [3 3, Thorey, 1860: 1 3 |(M. C. Z.); Ecvapor
(teste Ris in litt.) ; Bourvia, Chulumani (Gerhart, A. N.S.: 16,1 2).
Taken in January (Chulumani), February (Santa Lucia, Escuintla), April and May
(Atoyac), June (Tablazo), August (Onaca), November (Chulumani), and December
(Onaca). It is of interest to note that at Santa Lucia, on February 2, 1905, were taken
three males of vider and one male of angustipennis.
The identity of vider, Hagen, and merida, Selys, seemed probable to Hagen 2, and I
have come to the same conclusion from a study of his description! (especially his
mention of only one yellow stripe on the thoracic dorsum as contrasted with three
yellow “lines” in angustipennis), the Bogoté specimens with McLachlan’s label
“ merida,” and a photograph of the wings of a specimen of merida in the Selysian
collection sent me by Dr, Ris. After several attempts, neither Mr. Henshaw nor
myself has been able to find Hagen’s type of vibex at Cambridge. I do not, however,
understand the remark at the conclusion of his description !, p, 160, on the “ posterior
lobe of the prothorax” and the “ external hamule.” ©
ANATYA.
Anatya, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii, pp. 263, 298 (1889); Cat, Odon. p. 32 (1890) ;
Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. pp. 857, 373 (1890),
Two species of this genus are known, differing, apparently, only in size and in the
terminal appendages of the males. Even these are rather differences of degree, and I
anticipate that a fuller series of specimens may demonstrate that they are but two
extremes of a continuous line of variation. Dr. Ris has, indeed, sent me a male which
supports such a view, although it is nearer to guttata than to normalis. The differences
alluded to are :—
Superior appendages of the male equal to, or shorter than, abdominal segments
94-10, with an inferior tooth at half-length, the distal half curved upward and
forming an angle of about 185° or more with the proximal half; inferior
appendage reaching to about two-thirds length of the superiors. Abdomen,
Sd 21:5-23, 2 19-20; hind wing, ¢ 22-26, 2? 21°5-24; pterostigma, front
wing 2-25 mm... . . 2. + + es toe ee ee ew ee CL normailis.
Superior appendages of the male longer than 9+ 10, with the inferior tooth at one-
third length, the distal two-thirds curved upward, forming an angle of 90°-120°
with the proximal third ; inferior appendage reaching to about half-length of
the superiors. Abdomen, f 24-26, ? 22-23; hind wing, ¢ 245-27, 9 26-28;
pterostigma, front wing 25-28 mm. © ee ee ee ee 2. guétata, -
ANATYA. 245
1. Anatya normalis.
Anatya normalis, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 400, t. 25. figg. 9,13 (details 3)
(1899)*; An. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, vii. p. 31 (1899) *.
Anatya theresie, Selys, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. pp. 264, 261, fig. ili. (profile of body), t. 3. fig. 4
(entire 2 ) (1900) *.
&. The type was a teneral‘ individual. The other males are older and show the colour-changes accompanying
age as follows :—The brown on the superior surface of the frons becomes darker and the metallic-blue
reflection more strongly marked. The pale colours (yellow) of the thorax and abdomen, except on the
terminal appendages, change to a greenish-blue, the change being manifest on the thorax and segments
1-4, before it is well-marked on 5-7 (Bebedero 3). The reddish-brown and brown of the thorax and
abdomen become blackish. The “hollow oblong”? of reddish-brown on the thoracic dorsum fills up with
irregular brown markings, later darkening, until the dorsum is almost entirely blackish-brown (except
for a bluish or greenish line along each side of the mid-dorsal carina), but not so far back on each side
as the humeral suture, although a narrow obliquely and downwardly directed prolongation extends from
about mid-height of the blackish-brown to the dark line on the humeral suture. There are isolated
blackish spots on the site of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture, above the metastigma; they are
present in the teneral type as pale reddish-brown spots of the same shape as in the adult.
Q (hitherto undescribed). Colours very similar to those of the male and apparently passing through the same
age-changes, but I have seen no individual in which the almost solid blackish-brown thoracic dorsum is
reached, as in the males described above. In this sex the superior surface of the frons sometimes has the
brown spot and metallic-blue reflection as described for the male, this variation seeming to be independent
of age. Apical margin of vulvar lamina entire, reaching to one-third the length of segment 9.
Abdominal appendages pale yellowish, brown at extreme base and tip.
3 Q. Front wings with 9-11 ante-, 8-10 postcubitals ; hind wings with 7-9 ante-, 8-11 postcubitals.
Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 3, type'), Presidio
in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 8); Guatemata, Puerto Barrios (Hine,
O. 8S. U.: 1 3); Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 1 3,2 9); Panama, Chiriqui
(coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Bugaba (Champion: 1 ¢ ).—CotomBia, Don Diego [2 @ |
and Bonda [1 2] in Dept. Magdalena (HZ. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Mochila? ;
Paraguay, San Pedro 2.
Taken in March (Puerto Barrios), June (Presidio), August (Bonda), and NovemLer
(Tepic).
Dr. F. Ris has examined the type of A. theresiew, Selys?, in the possession of Her
Royal Highness the Princess Theresa of Bavaria, and writes (6, xii. 05): “ I cannot see
in this type any other thing than a small female of A. guttata.” See also the remarks
at the end of A. guttata, infra.
2. Anatya guttata.
Libellula guttata, Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Reise in Guiana, i. p. 584 (1848); Karsch, Berl.
ent. Zeitschr. xxxiil. p. 374 (1890) *.
Uracis guttata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 320 (1861)” ; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 32 (1890) *.
Urothemis guttata, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 94 (1875) -
Dythemis yuttata, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 248 (1889) i
Anatya guttata, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 181 (1890)"; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 604
(1897) °; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 44. fig. 2 (venation) (1903) °.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., August 1906. DR
246 NEUROPTERA.
Anatya anomala, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 338, t. 53. fig. 9 (entire ¢), t. 57. fig. 7
(apps. ¢)”*°*.
Agrionoptera difficilis, Selys, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, xiv. p. 301 (1879) ».
Lathrecista (?) difficilis, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 30 (1890) ”.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac (H. H. Smith: 1 2) and Presidio (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
2 9) in Vera Cruz.—Venezvena (U. S. N. M.: 1 3); Guianal®, Surinam (coll.
P. P. C. ex coll. R. Martin: 1 3,19; MC. Z.: 2 2); Braz 5, west end of
Parana de Buyassu ®, Gurupa§, Chapada (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 23,1 2,
+5 36,7 2*).
Taken in January (Parand de Buyassu®), February (Gurupdé§), April (Atoyac), and
June (Presidio).
A. guttata passes through the same changes in colour with advancing age as does
normalis.
Dr. Ris has written me (6. xii. 05): “The types of Agrionoptera difficilis, from
uncertain locality (Malaisie ?) 11, in the de Selys collection, are a couple of A. guttata,
the male with broken 10th segment and appendages.”
The females of Anatya before me have been assigned to one or other of these two
species solely according to their size, since I know of no other difference. As a result,
the male from Presidio in Vera Cruz, an undoubted normalis, is separated from the
two females labelled by the collector as from the same place and month. This is
another circumstance which strengthens the hypothesis suggested on page 244 as to
the relations of the two nominal species to each other.
ERYTHRODIPLAX.
Erythrodiplax, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 8368, 722 (1868) *; Kirby, Trans.
Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 264, 265, 278 (1889) *; Cat. Odon. p. 21 (1890)*; Ris, Hamburg.
Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 35 (1904) +.
Diplaxz, pars, Brauer, 1. c. p. 721 (1868) ’.
Trithemis, pars, Kirby, ll. cc. pp. 277 (1889) °, 18 (1890) ”.
This genus is composed of chiefly Tropical-American species, about thirty in
number according to Dr. Ris’s estimate*+. Of these, one (berenice) extends, as a
sea-coast species, as far north as Massachusetts; others occur in Argentina and Chile 4.
Most of them are very variable in colouring; some are interesting in presenting
two colour-forms of females (wmbrata, funerea, berenice). Individuals are numerous,
every collection of ‘Tropical-American Odonata containing one or more representatives
of this genus; 1600 specimens are cited in the following account.
Brauer not having specified a type-species, Mr. Kirby? has designated plebeia,
Rambur, as such. Dr. Ris 4, however, regards fusca, Rambur, as the type, this being
* The specimens after the plus sign have no locality-labels, but are supposed to be from Chapada.
ERYTHRODIPLAX., 247
the first species listed by Brauer! under the name LErythrodiplax. Under present
rules, Mr. Kirby’s designation should stand.
Certain venational characters, usually considered to be of generic value in the
Libellulinz, are quite variable in this genus, so that I cannot regard some of them as
even of specific importance. Thus, E. berenice usually has the sectors of the triangle
arising separated from each other by a distinct interval, but 12 per cent. of the hind
wings of twenty-five individuals have these sectors arising from the same point.
Brazilian individuals of HE. minuscula have these sectors separated at origin, but a
majority of those examined from Florida have their points of origin coincident.
Certain forms of E. connata, as those listed posted as d and d’, vary, often asym-
metrically, in the number of cells between the posterior angle of the triangle and the
distal subbasal sector (A, of C. & N.) immediately opposite, on the hind wings.
Li. ochracea and E. connata & and a! vary in the number of post-triangular rows on
the front wings; E. connata e (fusca, Ramb.) is very variable asymmetrically in the
same area of the hind wings. De Selys* and Dr. Ris‘ have compared members of
this group with the Old World species known since 1868 as Crocothemis, Brauer.
No extended comparison has yet been published, but one distinctive feature may be
mentioned. Crocothemis has on the anterior surface of the frons a pair of triangular
flattened areas wanting in Erythrodiplar. Diplacodes, Kirby, is a genus whose
type-species is from Madagascar, but one of our present fauna, here listed as
Erythrodiplax minuscula, has been referred to it. Until the Old World species are
studied more carefully, the relations of Diplacodes to Erythrodiplax must remain
doubtful.
Some references in literature to certain of the species herein treated are purposely
omitted on account of the uncertain nature of the identifications on which they are
based.
Contrary to the practice adopted in other genera of this subfamily treated in this
work, the dimensions of the species are given in the body of the text instead of in the
synopsis of the species. |
Synopsis of the Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. Wings with two rows of cells between the subnodal sector and the supple-
mentary sector next below. Sectors of the triangle, hind wing, arising
from the same point. Two colour-forms of females in each species, the
wings of one coloured like (homceochromatic ?), of the other coloured
unlike (heterochromatic 9), those of the male.
* In Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Insectes, p. 451 (1857).
+ Rambur has mentioned these in his description of Libellula ferruginea (= Crocothemis erythraa, Brullé) :
the frons “ ayant antériearement deux large impressions” (Névrop. p. 79, 1842).
248 NEUROPTERA.
B. Wings with two rows of cells between the short sector and the supple-
mentary sector next below; those of the male and homceochromatic
female with extensive colouring (brownish-yellow, young, to blackish-
brown, adult), whose outer edge is halfway between nodus and stigma ;
wings of the heterochromatic female otherwise coloured. . . + + + 1. funerea.
BB. Wings with one row of cells between the short sector and the
supplementary sector next below; those of the male and homco-
chromatic female crossed by a band, brownish-yellow (young) to blackish-
brown (adult), whose outer edge is at, or close to, the inner end of the
stigma; wings of the heterochromatic female otherwise coloured. . . 2. umbrata.
AA. Wings with one row of cells between the subnodal sector and the
supplementary sector next below.
C. Hind wing with sectors of the triangle arising from the same point * ;
internal triangle of the front wing three-celled ; wings, at least the hind
pair, more or less coloured at base.
D. Genital lobe truncated obliquely at about 45° with the vertical,
anterior angle of the truncation the more prominent f ; vulvar lamina
about half as long as the lateral margin of abdominal segment 9.
E. Frons yellowish to reddish (¢) or brownish ($) superiorly,
shaped as in unimaculata, infra ; wings of male ochraceous at base
for entire width, this colour deepening in tint with age and reaching
out as far as third to sixth antecubital on the hind pair, as far as
arculus to third antecubital on the front; wings of female yellowish
at base, on the hind out as far as the origin of A, to distal angle
of triangle, on front as far as submedian cross-vein to arculus ;
genital lobe more prominent than hamule . . . - - . . . 38. ochracea.
EE. Frons metallic blue superiorly in both sexes, this colour smaller in
extent in the female.
F. Males with hind wing blackish-brown at base out as far as first to
third antecubital and the corresponding level in the median and
submedian spaces, thence retreating to the anal angle without
touching the hind margin; front wing with basal brown streak
in subcostal space to first antecubital or less and a spot behind
the submedian vein out to the submedian cross-vein and back to
hind margin, or with hardly any basal brown; basal brown of
both wings bordered distally with chalky-white ; frons flattened
superiorly, its superior and anterior surfaces forming an obtuse
angle with each other when viewed from the side; hamule and
genital lobe subequally prominent. Females with yellow at base
of hind wing out to the level of the first antecubital. . . . . 4. erichsoni?
* Some specimens of berenice and minuscula, species belonging properly to CC, have these sectors as in C;
the other characters given will usually enable such to be detected.
+ See Tab LX. fig. 40.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 249
FF. Males with hind wing blackish-brown at base out as far as fourth
to fifth antecubital and distal angle of triangle, thence retreating
towards the base but touching the hind margin well distad to the
anal “angle”; front wing with basal brown occupying the
entire width as far as the first or second antecubital and to or
into the internal triangle; basal brown of wings not bordered
with white ; frons convex superiorly, its superior and anterior
surfaces passing insensibly into each other; hamule much less
prominent than genital lobe. Females with yellow at base of
hind wing out to or into the discoidal triangle . . - . . . 5. unimaculata.
DD. Genital lobe truncated almost vertically, angles of truncation rounded,
more prominent than hamule*; vulvar lamina.subequal in length to the
lateral margin of abdominal segment 9; colouring variable . 6. connata and variations.
CC. Hind wing with sectors of the triangle more often separated at origin +,
only one cell between the posterior angle of the triangle and A,
immediately opposite, at least one post-triangular cell reaching the entire
distance from short sector to first sector of triangle; vulvar lamina at
least as long as abdominal segment 9.
G. Males with the hind wing ochraceous at base out to the submedian
cross-vein, genital lobe more prominent than the hamule; front
wing of both sexes with the internal triangle two-celled or free, and
usually two cells immediately distad to the discoidal triangle: size
small (see p. 268). 2 6. 1 ew eee ee ee ee we 7, minuscula.
GG. Males with wings uncoloured, genital lobe not more prominent than
hamule; front wing of both sexes with the internal triangle more
often three-celled and usually three cells immediately distad to the
discoidal triangle: size larger (see pp. 268-271) ; two colour-forms
of females, the head and thorax of the one coloured like (homceo-
chromatic 2), of the other coloured unlike (heterochromatic ? ),
those of the male. . . . . . . +... . . 8. dberenice and subspecies neva.
1. Erythrodiplax funerea.
Libellula funerea, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 158 (1861) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p. 72 (1875) *.
Belonia funerea, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 29 (1890) *.
Trithemis funerea, Calv. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8), Zool. i. p. 898 (1899) *.
Trithemis tyleri, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ill. p. 864, t. 15. fig. 1 (entire ¢) (1899) °.
Supplementing the notes which I have given‘ on the extent of the coloured areas of the wings in the males
and homeochromatic females: in mature individuals the front wings may be (a) blackish-brown from
the base outward to about midway between nodus and stigma, except in the costal and median spaces
* See Tab. IX. fig. 41.
+ Some specimens of E. connata, as @ and @’, vary in the direction of separated sectors, and must be
compared with the other characters given.
250 NEUROPTERA.
(from base to level of the discoidal triangle), which are almost clear, or (6) the blackish-brown only
begins at the seventh antecubital, i. ¢. beyond the discoidal triangle (Presidio de Mazatlan), and extends
outward as above *. Between a and 6. all intermediates exist, even the same locality (S. Gerénimo,
Caché) presenting much variation in this respect. The hind wings offer slighter differences, being
usually entirely blackish-brown from base to about midway between nodus and stigma, but a male from
Presidio de Mazatlan has a fairly clear area between the proximal subbasal sector (A, of C. & N.) and
the anal angle, except that the brown remains alongside the membranule ; the other two males from
this locality connect the first-mentioned with the usual style of colouring. Immature males and
immature homcochromatic females have the. wings yellowish from base to midway between nodus
and stigma. .
The heterochromatic females closely resemble heterochromatic females of H. umbrata, the only difference being
the possession of two rows of cells (instead of one) between the short sector and the supplementary sector
next below, and it is possible that the two may have been confused in the past. They vary just as the
corresponding females of uwmbrata do in the extent of yellow at the base, and of brown at the tips,
of the wings. The parallelism is carried still farther in that old, more or less pruinose, heterochromatic
females of funerea, by a darkening of the yellow at the wing-bases into brown, closely resemble that
form of umbrata which I originally described as montezuma (see page 252). In this “ montezumoid ” stage
of colouring of funerea the deep brown at the base of the hind wings extends outward to the first
antecubital and origin of A,, or to the second antecubital, arculus, and discoidal triangle, and backward
almost to the hind margin.
Dimensions.— Abdomen, ¢ 24-84, 9 23°5-32°5; hind wing, ¢ 26-36, 2 25-36; costal edge of stigma,
front wing, 3°5-5°5 mm. The smallest individuals, from San Gerénimo (¢) and El Reposo (¢), have
the two rows of cells between the short sector and the supplementary sector next below reduced to
one double cell in three (El Reposo) or two (S. Gerénimo) of the wings. The largest individuals are
those from Stanford University, Guadalajara and Tepic. The range in size from San Geronimo is:
abdomen, ¢ 24-29, 9 25-31; hind wing, ¢ 26°5-33'5, 9 27-335 mm.
Hab. Unitep States, “ Lagomito” on Stanford University campus, Palo Alto,
California [Baker: 1 3 |.—Mexico!, Fuente [er coll. Mengel: 2 3, 1 2 +] (coll.
P,P. C.), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 3 6,1 2 m), Mazatlan 4, Aguiabambo [1 ¢ ]
and Escuinapa [3 ¢,2 9,3 9 m,2 9 b| (Batty, A. M. N. H.) in Sinaloa, San Blas
[1 2 m], Tepict [2 2 m| (Schumann) (Kisen & Vaslit, coll. P. P.C.: 63,3 2,12 8),
Guadalajara (Schumann: 43,692, 42m, 226; Tower, coll. P. P. C.: 1.8;
McClendon, U. S. N. M.), and Tuxpan (cié. wit.) in Jalisco, Yautepec (Barrett, coll.
P. P.C.: 1 3), Puente de Ixtla (coll. Deam: 2 3, 2 2 6) and Sochitepec [1 ¢ 8] in
Morelos, Rincon [1 ¢, 1 2,1 2 m], Rio Papagaio [2 9,12 m, 1 2 6] and Acapuleo 2
[5 ¢, 22] in Guerrero, Atoyac [1 2, 1 9 6] (A. H. Smith) in Vera Cruz (colls.
Adams, P. P. C.: 3 3,1 2 6), Tehuantepec (coll. Deam: 1 3), Isthmus of Tehuan-
tepec (Sumichrast, M.C.Z.: 43,29); British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneauc :
1s); Guatemana (M.C.Z.: 2 33; coll. McLach.: 1 3), San Gerénimo [16 ¢, 5 2,
1g m, 4 @ bj, El Reposo [1 ¢@ 6], Zapote [2 ¢, 2 9] (Champion), San José (Maxon
* A female taken at Atoyac in May, apparently not yet mature, is still more extreme than (6), as its wings
are crossed by a band whose distal edge is midway between nodus and stigma, while the ill-defined proximal
edge is at the level of the penultimate (front wing), or antepenultimate (hind wing), antecubital; proximal
to this band, however, the wings are not so clear as distal to it.
+ In this list, homceochromatic females are marked b; heterochromatic females are unmarked, except those
of the “ montezumoid ” stage designated by m.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 251
& Hay, U.S. N. M.: 3 9; Williamson, Hine, colls. Wlimsn., 0. S. U.: 5 3, 62);
Costa Rica (coll. McLach.: 1 2 6), Bebedero and Santa Clara (Underwood, Tristan:
13,3 2 5), Carrillo (Underwood: 1 3), Caché (Rogers: 4 3,1 9 6), Punta Arenas
[1 ¢]; Panama? [2 ¢] (MC. Z.) (Edwards: 12, 1 2 6], Chiriqui [1 ¢, 1 2]
(coll. McLach.), Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 2 3,1 2), La Chorrera 5.
Every month in the year but January is represented by specimens from one or
other of the above-named localities. Guadalajara examples are dated from June
to September, the “montezumoid” females July. ‘ Montezumoid” females from
Escuinapa were taken in June, other individuals of both sexes in July and August.
The relative frequency of the homeochromatic females in funerea is evidently
greater than in wmbrata, the total numbers of the individuals listed above being,
males 77, heterochromatic females 53 (including 14 “ montezumoid ”), homceochromatic
females 22.
2. Erythrodiplax umbrata.
Libellula umbrata, Linn. Syst. Nat. edit. x. p. 545 (1758) *; Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 522 (1781) ?* ;
Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 856 (1839) °; Ramb. Névr. p. 73 (1842)*; Selys in Sagra’s Hist.
Cuba, Ins. p. 448 (1857)°; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 158 (1861)°; Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. xi. p. 292 (1867)"; xviii. pp. 72, 84 (1875)°; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxix. p. 274 (1868)’;
Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 297 (1867) *°; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p-. 78 (1898) **. .
Erythrodiplax umbrata, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 723 (1868) *; Ris, Hamburg.
Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 41 (1904) *.
Libella umbrata, Kolbe, Arch. f. Naturg. liv. 1, p. 167 (1888) ™.
Trithemis umbrata, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 20 (1890)”’; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 263
(1894) ; xix. p. 603 (1897); Hart, Ann. Rep. Roy. Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 1891, p. 9
(1892); Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, i. p. 257 (1893); Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad.
Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 899 (1899) *; An. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, vii. p. 29 (1899); Prinzessin
Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 260 (1900) ”.
Libellula unifasciata, De Geer, Mém. Hist. Ins. iii. p. 557, t. 26. fig. 4 (entire $) (1778) *.
Libellula fallax”, subfasciata™, tripartita™, ruralis*”, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. pp. 855, 856 (1839) ;
Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. pp. 77, 78 (1898) **.
Libellula flavicans, Ramb. Névr. p. 87 (1842) ”.
Libellula fuscofasciata, Blanchard, Voy. Orbigny, vi. 2, p. 217, t. 28. fig. 5 (g in colours)
(1837-43) *.
Trithemis montezuma, Calv. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 397 (1899) **.
A few other references, adding nothing to knowledge of this species, are given by Hagen ’*. Mr. Kirby '*
omits all mention of the most important article® on this species yet written ; he also refers (2. ¢. p. 32)
* The adjectives “ atris” and ‘‘ alba” have changed places in this description, an error which does not
exist in other descriptions of this species by Fabricius.
252 NEUROPTERA.
fuscofasciata, Blanch.”, to Uracis infumata, Ramb., but I see no reason for rejecting Hagen’s identi-
fication® *, adopted above. Blanchard’s figure represents an insect whose hind wings are wide at the
base, as is the case with wmbrata, but not with U. infumata.
The widest transverse bands on the wings * reach from the nodus (and one to two cells proximal thereto
behind the principal sector) to the middle of the stigma (Belize g, Altamira ¢, Livingston ¢, Los
Amates ¢), the narrowest from the first to the penultimate postcubital (Tehuantepec ¢, Crooked
Island @ ), or from the fourth to the last postcubital (Chapada ¢); or, most extreme, from the level of
the first to that of the fourth postcubital, behind (and not in front of) the subnodal sector (Vera Cruz @ ).
These females constitute a partial transition from the banded, or homeochromatic, to the unbanded, or
heterochromatic, forms, which ordinarily are perfectly distinct, for although many heterochromatic
females have large parts of the wings brownish-yellow, few of them can be considered as intermediates.
The brown at the tips of the wings of unbanded females may reach in to the middle of the stigma
(Sapucay) or even be continued into a paler brown between nodus and stigma (Gualan),
The presence of brownish-yellow on the base of the hind wings of certain mature or submature females
(Puerto Cabello, Samana, and especially Acapulco), reaching out almost or quite to the discoidal triangle,
leads me to think that the broken cotype of montezuma, Calv.®', before me represents merely a very old
and pruinose female of this extreme of basal wing-marking, where the brownish-yellow has darkened
with age. ;
The point on the front wing where the three post-triangular rows increase to four varies even in the same
locality and time of year (Teapa, January, February), nor is it correlated with size.
As an instance of variation in size in the same locality, the specimens taken at Teapa in. January furnish’
the following dimensions: abdomen, ¢ 23°5-30, 9 26-28; hind wing, ¢ 26-33, 9 30-32 mm:
While the males affording these two extremes do not differ + in the number of antecubitals on the hind
wing (9), the larger male departs from the usual specific character by having two rows of cells between
the short sector and supplementary sector next below, on all the wings. That this increase in density
of reticulation is not a necessary concomitant of great size is shown by a still larger (abd. 31,
h. w. 34:5 mm.) male from Teapa, in March, which possesses only the usual single row of cells in
this area.
Dimensions.— Abdomen, ¢ 23°5-31, 9 20-30; hind wing, ¢ 26-34°5, 9 25-35; costal edge of stigma,
front wing 3°2-5°5 mm.
Hab. Unirep States, Georgia® [1 ¢ ], Sanford [3 9] (ZC. Z.), Miami [Laurent :
1 @] and Key West [1 ¢, 192] (A. N.S.) in Florida, Round Mt. [coll. P. P. C.:
1 3,1 26], Carrizo Springs (I. C. Z.| (Schaupp), and Brownsville (Schaeffer, Mus.
Brooklyn Inst.: 1 3) in Texas (colls. A. N. S., Adams: 4 3,3 9,3 2 b).—Mexico,
Matamoros® (M.C. Z.: 1 3) and Altamira (Hoag, colls. A. N.S, P.P.C: 53,
6 2,2 2 6) in Tamaulipas, Linares (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 2 2) in Nuevo Leon,
Atoyac (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 16 3, 5 2, 12 6), Omealca (Trujillo, 1 2 5),
Orizaba [1 3], Tlacotalpam [2 ¢, 1 9] and Tuxtla [1 3 | (Barrett, colls. P. P. C.,
* Two individuals are asymmetricaily banded. A mature male from Morales, Guat., has the band of
almost maximum width on both hind and left front wings, while the right front wing lacks the band
completely, although it has some pale yellow in the first and second postcubital areas from nodus to stigma ;
the venation and dimensions seem normal. A female from Frontera has a dark brown band from first to
penultimate postcubital on both front and on left hind wings, while the right hind one has a much paler
brown streak across the entire width of the wing between the levels of the nodus and of the third postcubital,
the central parts of the cells yellow, as also is an ill-defined distal margin to the brown; here also the
venation and dimensions are normal.
7 The smaller male is peculiar in having two submedian cross-veins on both hind wings.
~ The banded-winged, or homeochromatic, females are designated with a 0 in this list.
iat oe eae aaa Aiea
ERYTHRODIPLAX, 258
Adams) in Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 2 ¢, 8 2, 3 2 6), Frontera (coll. Westcott: 1 3,
2 2 6), Teapa (H. H. Smith: 17 3, 24 2, 4 2 6), and Tenosique (Barrett, coll.
P. P. €.: 1 3) in Tabasco, Izamal (Gaumer, Field Columb. Mus. Chicago: 1 3) in
Yucatan, Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2, cotype of montezuma*1), Acapulco
(H. H. Smith: 1 2), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 ¢), Tehuan-
tepec (coll. Deam, teste Wlimsn.: 2 3), Lumija (coll. Westcott: 2 3) in Chiapas ;
British Honpuras [1 ¢ ], Belize (4 3, 32, 1 2 6] (Blancaneaux) (Miller, coil.
Wilmsn.: 1 3); Guatemata (coll. McLach.: 1 3), Cubilguitz [2 3 ], Cahabon [3 ¢ i,
Chacoj [1 ¢ ], San Gerénimo [2 ¢ ] (Champion), Puerto Barrios (Maron & Hay, Deam,
Wllmsn., Hine, colls. U. S. N. M., Wlimsn., O. S. U.: 93,92, 4 2 6), Livingston
(Wilson, M. C. Z.: 35,2 2,196) {1 3], Santo Tomas [1 ¢ ], Morales [3 ¢, 1 9],
Los Amates [2 ¢ ], Gualan [3 ¢, 3 2 |, El Rancho [1 ¢,1 9 ], San José [1 29,124];
Hownpuras, Puerto Cortez [2 ¢, 1 2] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wilmsn.,
O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 2 2 6); Panama (MC. Z.: 2 2 0),
Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 1 6,1 2,1 2 6).—CotomBia, Bonda (H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 9 $, 12 2) in Dept. Magdalena, Turbo ®, Puerto Berrio 22, Sta.
Fe de Bogota’; Venezugna (U.S. NV. M.: 1 3), Puerto Cabello® (I. C.Z.: 12);
Guiana ®°%, Georgetown (A. VM. N. H.: 1 3), Essequibo®®, Paramaribo ® (Miss Mayo,
A, N.S.: 1 3), Surinam !* 34 23 2429) Cayenne*; Ecuapor (i. C. Z.), Babahoyo
[5 ¢, 2 2 |, Guayaquil [20 ¢, 15 2 | (Campos K., A. N.S.) ; Braztn 352529, Mosqueiro,
Rio de Para!’, Macapa‘’, Chaves!’, Breves !’, Gurupé!’, Santarem!’, Obydos 1,
Amazons ?*, Bahia®, Chapada (7. C. Z.: 1 ¢), Cachoeira [1 @ ], Cuyaba [1 ¢ ], Rio
de Janeiro [1 92 | (Hl. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.) (M. C. Z.), Rio ® (coll. P. P. C.:
1 3), S&o Sebastiéo (Hemvel, A. N. S.: 3 3); Paraguay, Costa Aguaray [er coll.
Forster: 1 3,2 2 |, San Pedro?! [1 @ | (coll. P. P. C.), Sapucay (Foster, U.S. N. M.:
18 ¢,9 2); ARGENTINA, Corrientes § °°, Buenos Aires 5°9 1329; Banamas, Crooked I.
[1 ¢ 6], Great Inagua I. [3 ¢] (Moore § Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exped. 1890);
West Inpies, Havana | Baker, 2 3,2 2], Santa Ana (Hamilton, A. N. S.: 1 3) and
Cardenas’® in Cuba‘4® 69 2629 (Poey, A. NW. S.: 1 9, MC. Z), Lucea [1 2], Port
Morant [6 ¢ | (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exped. 1890), Bath, Half-way Tree
(Aaron, coll. P. P. C.: 1.8, 2 2), Port Antonio (For, P. P. C. det.), Kingston (éd. id.)
and Portland [1 ¢|in Jamaica [4 ¢, 49] (4. N.S8.), Port au Prince [3 ¢, 3 9],
Jeremie !© and Samana (frazar, M. C. Z.: 1 3, 22) in Hayti [8 ¢, 5 2] (coll.
Adams) (Abbott, A. N. S.: 2 3, 12), Mayaguez (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 2 3) in
Porto Rico 14, St. Thomas 5?" (M. C. Z.), Guadeloupe 22, Martinique 4 > 2? 29, St. Vin-
cent 16, Barbados® (Lefroy, Ballou, Bascom, A. N.S., &c.: 33, 1 2), Grenada 36,
Trinidad 18.
* Linnaeus’ gives ‘‘ Habitat in America. Rolander.” The collector’s name fixes the locality as Surinam.
Cf. Hagen ®.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., August 1906. a]
254 NEUROPTERA.
The seasonal occurrence is likewise extensive. Individuals taken in January are
from Teapa, Belize, Guatemala, Guayaquil, Gurupd 1’, Santarem 1’, Cachoeira, Rio de
Janeiro, Sapucay, Jamaica, Hayti, and Porto Rico. July is represented by examples
from Texas, the Gulf Coast of Mexico, Colon, Bonda, and Cuba’. Mexican specimens,
from one or another locality, are dated from every month.
Next to Orthemis ferruginea, this is the most familiar Tropical-American Libelluline.
Compared with that species (anted, pp. 235-6), its horizontal distribution is nearly as
great, but it does not appear to extend so far north along the west coast of Mexico,
nor into Lower California and the adjacent part of the United States; along these
Pacific slopes its place is largely taken by Erythrodiplax funerea. The vertical
distribution of wmbrata is less than that of O. ferruginea, as the highest elevations it
attains in Mexico and Central America appear to be Orizaba (4000 ft.=1200 metres)
and San Ger6nimo, Guat. (3000 ft.=900 m.).
Hagen is apparently the only other writer who has mentioned the homceochromatic
females. In 1868 he speaks? of them as “‘dusserst selten,’ and implies that he had
seen but four “unter vielen tausenden von Stiicken.” Comparing this statement with
one seven years later 8, it would seem that all these four were from Cuba. It is
therefore interesting to note the numbers of the males and both forms of females in
the present material :-—
3d. Heterochromatic 2 Q. Homeeochromatic 2 2.
Georgia and Florida .... 2 5 0
Texas .......0...000ee 6 3 4
Mexico .............. 53 47 13
British Honduras ...... 6 3 1
Guatemala ............ 32 17 6
Costa Rica ............ 0 0 2
South America ........ 62 44 0
Bahamas .............. 3 0 1
West Indios.....g..... 28 23 0
No donbt these figures represent a certain amount of selection, conscious or
unconscious, on the part of collectors and others through whose hands these specimens
have passed. The figures therefore cannot be considered to represent the actual
proportions in which the sexes and forms occur in nature. They do seem to indicate,
however, taken in conjunction with Hagen’s statements, that in the northern part of
its range (Texas, ‘Mexico, Central America, Bahamas, Cuba) wmbrata tends far more
to two forms of females than in South America, from which continent not a single
homeeochromatic female has yet been recorded. This is the only difference which
I have been able to find by comparing specimens of wmbrata from different localities
with each other.
ERYTHRODIPLAX., 205
8. Erythrodiplax ochracea. (Tab. IX. fig. 40.)
Libellula ochracea, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 854 (1839) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p- 71 (1898) ?.
Diplax ochracea, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 181 (1861) * (excl. Surinam gf); Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 8375 (1873) *.
Iibellula distinguenda, Rambur, Névr. p. 81 (1842) (teste Ris) °.
Libellula fervida, Erichs. in Schomb. Reisen Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 584 (1848) °.
Libellula justina, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, p. 450 (1857) *.
Burmeister’s types, which I have described at length *, are rather young individuals. With advancing age the
yellow of the body and wings becomes brown and reddish-brown. Before the completely brown thorax
is reached, there is a stage when the sides of the thorax are darker above and below a longitudinal pale
yellow or greenish-yellow band, 1-5-2 mm. wide, running the entire length of meso-metathorax as if in
prolongation of the abdomen. A similar stage is known of Z. erichsoni?, g.v. Hagen has described °,
as a “ very adult” male of this species, an individual from Surinam ; it had the ‘“ front chalybeous above.”
For this reason, and because not a single specimen from Mexico or Central America (among the many
recorded below) shows transitions to the colours of the Surinam male, I believe this male to be really
unimaculata, De Geer. Even in young males of this latter the upper surface of the frons is metallic-blue.
It is worthy of note that none of the material of ochracea is pruinose.
The limits, to which the basal colouring on the wings extends, vary from the arculus to the third antenodal
and middle of the internal triangle on the front wings, from the level of the third to that of the sixth
antenodal on the hind wings, of the males. In the females, the same limits vary from the submedian
cross-vein to the second antenodal and arculus on the front wings, from the origin of the distal subbasal
sector (A, of C. & N.) to the fourth antenodal and distal angle of the triangle on the hind. Neither the
extent of the colouring of the wings nor any other feature appears to vary in correlation with geographical
distribution.
One of Burmeister’s types has two post-triangular rows on the front wings from the triangle out®*. Singularly
enough, not a single specimen in the present material shows such a peculiarity, even asymmetrically.
The larger individuals of both sexes have three rows from triangle to nodus-level or beyond, the smaller
have the formula3 .2.2.2.2.3...... or 3.3.2.2.2.38...... , but not infrequently one wing
of an individual has one of these last two formule, the other wing has three rows uninterrupted; all
these variations exist in the same locality and month (Teapa in April).
Dimensions.— Abdomen, § 19-24°5, 2 18-28; hind wing, ¢ 23:5-29, 9 24-28°5; costal edge of stigma,
front wing, 8-3-5 mm. The range of size in the April examples from Teapa is: abdomen, ¢ 21-245,
@ 21-23; hind wing, ¢ 24°5-28°5, 2 26-28°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) and Tampico® in Tamaulipas,
Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 ¢), Acapulco (White, U. S. N. M.: 1 3), Atoyac (1. H.
Smith: 9 3,3 2) in Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 1 3), Frontera (coll. Westcott: 4 ¢)
and Teapa (H. H. Smith: 30 3, 80 2) in Tabasco, Isthmus of Tehuantepec
(Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 9); Britise Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux: 3 3,
29); Guatemana, Chacoj [1 ¢ ], Panzos [2 ¢, 4 2 ], and Teleman [1 ¢ ] in Vera
Paz (Champion), Puerto Barrios [6 3,4 2 ], Los Amates [1 ¢ ], Escuintla [1 3 |, San
José [17 ¢, 19 2]; Honpuras, Puerto Cortez [1 ¢ ], San Pedro Sula [33 ¢, 16 2 |
(Deam, Williamson, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Nicaragua (U.S. N. M.: 4,
5 2); Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 1 2); Panama, Colon (Howland, coll.
Needham: 8 3,2 @).—Cotomsta, Ouriheka (Forel, coll. P. P.C., ex coll. Ris: 1 ¢),
Choco 8 [Schott: 1 ¢ ]; VunezvELa® [Appun: 4 3] (M.C. Z.) (coll. P. BP. C., ex coll.
Uhler: 1 3 with label “ Lib. fervida, Erichs.” in Hagen’s hand); Gurana?°([1 2,
212
256 NEUROPTERA.
labelled “Mus. Berol.” and “fervida”]; Braziu[2 ¢], Bahiat?* (1 3] (CZ)
(Ris, coll. P. P. C.: 1.6); West Inpiss, Havana (Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 146,12)
in Cuba3? [Loew, Gundlach, Pocy: 6 3, 3 9], Samana [Frazar: 14 ¢, 8 2 |
(MM. C. Z.) (coll. P. P. C., ex coll. McLachlan: 1 3) in Hayti.
Taken at Teapa January to April, in Guatemala January to March, in April and
May at Atoyac, in April at Acapulco, in June (Altamira) and July (Guadalajara,
Frontera, Colon).
Mr. E. B. Williamson made this note at San José, Guatemala, February 5, 1905
“Common, but not easily approached. Only one mature male taken. All species
taken at San José were in mangrove-swamp just back of beach.”
The general appearance of ochracea resembles that of E. connata, e (fusca, Rambur),
q. v., but the genital hamule of the male and the vulvar lamina of the female offer a
ready means of distinction, as stated on pages 248, 249.
4, Erythrodiplax erichsoni? (Tab. IX. fig. 42.)
? Trithemis erichsoni, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 263 (1894) *.
? Libellula unimaculata, Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Reisen Brit.-Guian. iii. p. 584 (1848) *.
¢. The youngest individuals before me are those from Esparta. They have vertex and frons metallic-blue,
the former with a transverse stripe at its base posteriorly, the latter with its inferior margin and the
sides adjacent to the eyes, pale green; nasus and labrum pale green, or the former black, rhinarium and
labrum black, or the latter edged with, or largely, orange, occiput brown. Thorax green, its dorsum
studded with minute black points, an antehumeral stripe and some irregularly confluent markings
(recalling those of younger stages of Anatya), blackish, humeral suture for its whole length with a dark
brown line, a paler brown line on the vestige of the first lateral and on the upper part of the second
lateral suture; ventral surface of thorax reddish-brown. Abdominal segments 1-3 green, their sutures,
caring, and the posterior margin of 3 brown or blackish, 4-10 black with traces of a green stripe or spot:
on each side of the dorsum of 4—7 or 8, and a pale area on the central ventral areas of the same ; superior
appendages dark reddish-brown, inferior somewhat paler. Legs blackish, basal half of first femora
greenish, of second and third reddish.
With increasing age, nasus, rhinarium, and labrum become entirely black, but the labium not so dark; the
blackish markings on the thoracic dorsum spread, fuse, and cover it completely; the sides of the thorax
become blackish below the bases of the wings and above the bases of the legs, but these superior and
inferior dark areas are separated from each other by a longitudinal green area, 1-5-2 mm. wide, reaching
almost the entire length of the meso-metathorax, as if in prolongation of the abdomen; still later the
entire thorax is blackish, even on the sides; pruinosity appears on the green areas and spots of dorsal
side of 3-7, and later covers the entire dorsum thereof; ventral surface of 1-10 ultimately black; the
appendages and bases of the femora darker.
Superior appendages, in profile view, a little convex superiorly in the proximal half, almost straight in the
distal half, third fourth with an inferior row of denticles terminating rather abruptly so as to project
slightly but distinctly from the under surface of the appendage itself. Inferior appendage reaching to a
level about halfway between the last denticle and the apex of the superior appendages.
The extent of the brown colouring at the bases of the wings is least in the examples from Esparta, greatest
in those from Brazil. In the former it does not reach halfway to the first antecubital or submedian cross-
vein on the front wings, while in the hind wings its distal limit is the first antecubital in the subcostal
space and the same level in the submedian space. The greatest extent of the brown is indicated in the
key to the species on page 248. The extent of chalky-white bordering the brown distally is in inverse
ratio to that of the brown, its outer or distal limit being nearly constant, viz.: the middle, or proximal
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 257
side, of the internal triangle on the front, the distal angle of the discoidal triangle on the hind wing; on
the latter, the edge of the white curves toward the anal angle forming an arc of about 90°.
Q. Vertex obscure brownish with a slight metallic-blue reflection, two basal yellow spots behind; frons and
elypeus greenish (or in one almost orange), the former with a small but distinct, superior, metallic-blue
spot immediately in front and on each side of the anterior ocellus, but not reaching to the anterior frontal
surface ; lips, thorax, bases of femora, and most of abdominal segments 1-3 yellow ; thorax with brownish
markings on dorsum and sides as described above for the Esparta males, but the venter is also yellow ;
carine and sutures of 1-3, a median longitudinal band, and an infero-posterior spot on each side of the
dorsum of 3, black or dark brown; most of 4-7 and all of 8 and 9 dark brown to black, 4-7 with a
longitudinal stripe or spot on each side of dorsum, decreasing in length on each successive segment,
yellow ; most of 10 and of the ventral surfaces of 1-10 yellow; appendages yellow, about twice as long
as 10, not so long as 9. Colouring at the bases of the wing pale yellow, reaching at most to the first
antecubital and submedian cross-vein on the front wing, and the level of the first antecubital on
the hind.
3 2. Front wings, post-triangular field: three cells or rows, then two cells increasing to three rows proximal
to the level of the nodus. Hind wings with two post-triangular rows increasing, 7-9 antecubitals,
usually 8.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, § 19-5-22'5, 9 20-205; hind wing, g 24-27, Q 25:5-26°5 ; costal edge of stigma,
front wing, ¢ 2°5-3°5, 9 3 mm.
The differences in size among the present material are not geographical.
Other details are given on page 248.
Hab. Costa Rica, Esparta (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 4 3).—Cotompia, Don Diego in
Dept. Magdalena (#. ZH. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 2 3); Venezunta [Appun: 1 3,
3 Q |, Puerto Cabello (2 ¢,2 2]; Gurana[1 3]; Braz [1 ¢; Mrs. Munroe: 1 3},
Bahia [1 ¢ | (M. C. Z.), Rio Janeiro (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 3).
Taken at Esparta in February on the “muddy banks of the brook Chingo,” in
November at Rio Janeiro.
The name erichsoni! is not accompanied by a description *, but was given to
specimens described as unimaculata, De Geer, by Erichson 2, but believed by Mr. Kirby
to be different from the true wnimaculata of De Geer. I do not find sufficient precision
in Erichson’s description to enable one to determine whether his specimens were or
were not conspecific with De Geer’s, and Mr. Kirby does not state that he has seen
Erichson’s examples. I should not use the name “ erichsoni,” even in the doubtful
way in which I do, were it not for the fact that the Guiana and the first Brazilian
males cited above from the M. C. Z. each bear a printed label “Mus. Berol.,”
and written labels “wnimaculata, Degeer, Guyana,” “ unimaculata, Degeer, Brasil,” in a
hand unknown to me. ‘These written labels appear to be of considerable age, and the
specimens may be Erichson’s or named from comparison with his. On the possibility
of this conjecture proving correct, I have employed Mr. Kirby’s name; if it be not
* Mr. Kirby, indeed, says * that erichsoni “differs from pulla in the adult male being pruinose, and the
vertex steel-blue in both sexes” ; but since his ideas on the specific value of pruinosity are, I believe, totally
incorrect, and since erichsont and pulla (=unimaculata, De Geer) do not differ as he states, the expression in
the text is perhaps not too strong. If Mr. Kirby’s pudla is the same as fusca, Rambur (see page 262), the
contradictions are partly explained.
258 NEUROPTERA.
well-founded, the preceding description will perhaps enable this species to be recognized
and its proper name determined. See also, however, a letter from Mr. Kirby quoted
under E. connata, e, page 262. If the M. C. Z. specimens really are Krichson’s
unimaculata, and if they prove to be different from the ‘‘ many specimens” from Brazil
referred to erichsoni by Mr. Kirby in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 603 (1897),
erichsoni, Kirby, 1897, is not the same species as erichsoni, Kirby, 1894.
5. Erythrodiplax unimaculata.
Libelluta unimaculata, De Geer, Mém. Hist. Ins. iii. p. 558, t. 26. fig. 5 (1773)*; Rambur, Névr.
p- 111 (1842) ”.
Diplax unimaculata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 318 (1861) *.
Trithemis unimaculata, Calvert, An. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, vii. p. 29 (1899) *.
Libellula pulla, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 853 (1839) °; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 75,
t. 1. fig. 10 (genit. ¢) (1898) °.
Diplax ochracea, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 181 (1861) (in part., Surinam ¢ only).
3. While most of the males before me are more or less pruinose on the abdomen, the others indicate that the
colour-changes due to age are very similar to those of erichsoni?, g.v. The youngest are younger than
any of that species and possess the colours of the female. Pulla, Burmeister °°, is a stage rather more
advanced.
©. The females which I refer here agree exactly with the preceding description of this sex of erichsoni?,
except in the extent of the yellow colouring at the bases of the wings; it reaches to the submedian
cross-vein (Surinam) or to the internal triangle (Obispo) on the front wing, to or into the discoidal
triangle on the hind.
Dimensions—Abdomen, ¢ 19-22, 9 19°5-21; hind wing, ¢ 23-5-28, 9 25-28; costal edge of stigma, front
wing, 2°5-3°5 mm.
Hab. Panama, Obispo | Hassler Exped.: 1 9 |.—Gutana, Surinam 12567 [2 ¢,2 2],
Paramaribo |Thorey: 1 3] (M. C. Z.) (Miss K. Mayo, A. N. S.: 13); Brazit,
Para * (Thayer Exped., M. C. Z.: 3 3), Pernambuco?; Paraguay, San Pedro? (coll.
P.P.0: 36).
De Geer’s figure ! of the wings agrees so well with the present specimens and with
my detailed description ® of Burmeister’s type of pulla, that I think the identification
is safe. Mr. Kirby (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 263, 1894) brings together as
synonyms of pulla three nominal species—ochracea, Hag., fervida, Erichs., and justind,
Selys—all of which have red fronts, while pud/a, Burm., has a metallic-blue front. As
this identification is surely an error, it is not certain to what species Mr. Kirby’s
examples from Grenada, W.I., really belong. Some further remarks will be found
in two of the papers quoted above®® page 13. What the unimaculata of Burmeister
is ] will not attempt to say.
The general appearance of unimaculata, De G., is paralleled by members of the
Erythrodiplax connata complex (e’, f'), but the genital hamule furnishes a ready
means of distinction, as indicated in the key on pages 248, 249.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 259
6. Krythrodiplax connata.
Under this name, as the oldest among a number which apply to what appear to be variants of a widely-
distributed neotropical species, I class a large number of individuals, agreeing in structural and venational
characters, but differing among themselves in the colour of the frons and face of the males, and in the extent
of colouring on the bases of the wings.
To make the data at hand useful to others, the following table exhibits the gradations which exist in the
wing-colouring in the two parallel series of red- and blue-fronted males, the letters a, a’, &c., referring to
the lists of specimens which belong to the respective places in the table.
Ochraceous colouring at base of
FRONT WING none; |only perceptible | reaching distad half-|(as in preceding | reaching distad to| reaching distad to
with lens; way to first ante-| column); first antecubital] second antecubital,
cubital and half- and submedian| and in submedian
way to submedian cross-vein ; space to level of
cross-vein ; arculus ;__
WIND WING reaching | to submedian cross- |halfway between |{@8 in preceding to second or third/to 5th antecubital
distad halfway to| vein; first and second| column); antecubital, ar-| and one cell be-
submedian cross- antecubitals and culus, and trian-) yond triangle ;
vein or less; between subme- angle ;
dian cross - vein
and triangle ;
caudad not so far | to apex of membra- | to apex of membra- | to two cells beyond to anal “angle,” (as in preceding
as apex of mem-| nule. nule. apex of membra-| but not to hind| column).
branule. nule. margin.
Frons, vertex, and ;
face generally, red;
lips yellowish or f a. b. Cc d. ° f.
reddish-yellow. J
Frons and vertex
metallic-blue ; face
obscure, often
black, especially | } a’. b’. c'. dq’. e'. f’.
labrum; labium
yellowish to black-
ish-brown.
The distances to which the basal colouring of the wings extends, as here given, have no other significance
than that of convenience and of fixing more precisely the extent of the colour as found in the types described
by authors under certain specific names; many individuals intermediate between b and c, cand d, b’ and ce’,
c’ and d’, &c., exist, as mentioned below. The ochraceous tint darkens with age, but the extent of the
coloured area does not change, so that an individual of b does not subsequently acquire a © stage, &c.
The difference in the colour of the frons and face seems to have greater taxonomic value because more
constant, and because pruinose individuals of both red-fronted and blue-fronted forms exist. However, specific
weight has not been given to this distinction, owing to the presence of some intermediate individuals which
have the front mixed red and blue. That this mixing indicates an age-difference seems probable in many of the
“ mixed-fronted” examples mentioned below. On the other hand, comparison of the immature and mature males
of f’ from the West Indies (justiniana, Selys) does not give any reason for supposing that a red-fronted stage
is passed through on the way to the blue frons in this particular insular and somewhat dwarfed form.
Recently transformed males of both the red-fronted and the blue-fronted series have the face yellowish to
greenish ; the same colours or even brown appear on the faces of females of all ages; the extent of wing-
colouring in the females seems to vary greatly and individually in the same locality, even where the male
wings are nearly uniform; all these individuals therefore are often impossible of exact classification in our
present knowledge.
260 NEUROPTERA.
a. (No specimens conforming strictly to this condition as defined in the preceding table have been seen by me;
see the remarks under a’).
b. Thorax reddish-brown above, sides greenish. Abdomen reddish-brown, lateral margins of posterior
segments black. Segments 3-6 of Guatemala City ¢ pruinose. Appendages ochreous. Post-triangular
rows to level of nodus. front wing, three, or 8, 2, 3 (left side, San Pedro 3). Antecubitals, hind
wing, 7-8. o. Abd. 18, hind wing 22; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 3 mm.
Hab. Guatemaua, Guatemala City (Champion: 1 ¢); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
(Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3).
The San Pedro Sula male was taken February 25, 1905.
Two immature males and one female taken at Amatitlan, Guatemala, February 7 and 8,
1905, by Messrs. Williamson and Hine may also belong here or to b’.
c. Colours of body similar to those of b or darker in shade in old males, of which latter a number are pruinose
over more or less of the abdomen. Post-triangular rows to level of nodus, front wing, 3, or 3, 2, 3,
or 2, 8, often asymmetrically in the same individual. Antecubitals, hind wing, usually 8. Abd., ¢ 16-21,
© 155-18; hind wing, g 20°5-25, 2 19'5-22°5; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 2°5-3°5 mm.
The Misantla males furnish the largest of these dimensions, but one of those from Coroico is nearly
as large.
Hab. Mexico, Misantla in Vera Cruz (F. D. G.: 2 8), Teapa in Tabasco (HH. H.
Smith: 3 6,49); Guatemata, Livingston [1 ¢ ], Puerto Barrios [8 ¢, 3 @ ], Santo
Tomas [1 3}, Los Amates [2 ¢ ], Gualan [7 ¢ ], between El Rancho and Sanarate
[1 ¢ | (Deam, Williamson, Hine, colls. Wlimsn., O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Surubres near
San Mateo (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 1 3 ).—Bo.tvia, near Coroico, Yungas (Gerhart,
A, N.S: 3 6).
Taken in January (Guatemala), February (Guatemala, Surubres, Teapa), March
(Misantla), and May (near Coroico).
Mr. Deam records a male from Los Amates as taken on “prairie in ditch,”
Prof. Biolley that the Surubres example is from “ bord de la riviére Surubres.”
d and intermediates in wing-colouring between c and d.
The remarks made above under ¢ on colours and venation apply here also. Abd., ¢ 16-21, 9 16-18; hind
wing, ¢ 19-26, 2 19-23; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 25-3 mm. The Brazilian examples are
the largest.
Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Atoyac [4 6, 2 2], Teapa
[22 ¢, 15 9] (2. A. Smith); Guaremata, San Gerénimo [4 ¢], Duefias [1 ¢ |
(Champion), Sepacuite [Griggs: 1 ¢ ], Livingston | Maron & Hay: 1 3](U.S.N. I.)
[9 ¢,5 2], Puerto Barrios [11 ¢, 12 2], Santo Tomas [1 ¢], Los Amates [4 3,
1 ¢], Gualan [7 ¢,7 9] (Deam, Williamson, Hine, colls. Wlimsn., O. S. U.); Costa
Rica, Caché (Rogers: 1 3 ).—Brazit, Nova Friburgo [7 ¢] in Rio Janeiro [3 2,
2 9 | (Beschke, M. C. Z.), Desterro (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 13 ), Rio Grande
do Sul (v. Lhering, A. N. S.: 5 3,2 2). |
Taken in January (Teapa, Los Amates, Gualan), February (same three, Livingston,
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 261
P. Barrios, S. Tomas), March (Sepacuite, P. Barrios), April (Teapa, Livingston), May
(Atoyac), and June (Orizaba).
Connecting-forms with e occur among the examples taken at Teapa in February,
from Livingston and Gualan; the male from Caché is intermediate between b and a
in the extent of its wing-colouring. Not infrequently the ochraceous on the hind wing
stops at the first antecubital, but reaches beyond the submedian cross-vein.
A male from San Gerénimo, in addition to those listed above, is an example of the
‘“‘ mixed-fronted ” forms mentioned on page 259; metallic-blue is apparent on the upper
surface of its frons, which is reddish inferiorly. It therefore furnishes a connecting-link
with d! (dasifusca). In other respects it falls strictly under d; abdominal segments
1 and 2 are reddish, 3-7 strongly pruinose, 8-10 black. There is no indication that
the head of this specimen has been detached from the body.
e and intermediates between d ande. (Tab. IX. fig. 41.)
Libellula fusca, Rambur, Névr. p. 78 (1842)'.
Diplax fusca, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 318 (1861) *.
Erythrodiplax fusca, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 723 (1868)°; Ris, Hamburg.
Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 38 (1904) *.
Trithemis fusca, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 20 (1890) °; Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino,
Xi. no. 239, p. 2 (1896) °; Calvert, An. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, vii. p. 30 (1899) ”.
? Libellula famula, Erichs. in Schomburgk’s Reis. Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 584 (1848) *.
? Trithemis pulla, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) ii. p. 363 (1899).
Abdomen, 3 16°5-21-5, 9 15-20; hind wing, 3 20-27:5, 9 21-25; costal edge of pterostigma, front
wing, 2°7-3°5 mm. Antecubitals, hind wing, 8-9. The range in size(in millim.), in different localities,
is shown by the following :—
Panama (M. C. Z.). Colon. Bonda. Rio Janeiro. Sapueay.
Abdomen, g ........ 18-21 16°5-19 17°5-21 17°5-21°5 18°5-20°5
Hind wing, 3 ........ 23-26 22-23°5 22-26 22°5-26 22°5-25°5
A careful comparison of the Panama and Sapucay examples has failed to reveal any constant differences.
Hab, Mexico, San Lorenzo, Cordova (Trujillo: 1 *), Atoyac [2 ¢ *], Teapa [12 ¢ *,
13 9 | (H. H. Smith), Tenosique in Tabasco (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 2 2), Lumija in
Chiapas (coll. Westcott: 1 3); Guatema.a, Puerto Barrios [1 ¢ *], Los Amates [1 ¢ ],
Gualan [3 ¢*+1 3] (Deam, Williamson, Hine, colls. Wlimsn., O. S. U.); Costa
Rica, San José (Biolley: 1 ¢ *+1 ¢ ), Surubres near San Mateo (Biolley, coll. Kahl:
30 ¢ *,5 2); Panama? (coll. McLachlan: 1 9, with label “ Libellula fusca, R., ¢,
incompta, 2 R., oblita, Hag.,” in de Selys’s hand) [4 3, 3 @ |, Obispo [Hassler Exp. :
13] (MC. Z.), Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 7 3,62), {La Chorrera (Doldy-
Tyler °).—CoxomB1a (Thorey, M. C. Z.: 1 3), Bonda [21 ¢, 11 9] and Onaca [2 o,
1 2 | (HZ. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitisb.) in Dept. Magdalena; VeENEzuELA® (Appun,
M.C. Z.: 26*) [16,2 9], La Guayra [Lyon & Robinson, 1 ¢*+1 6,12]
* Intermediate in wing-colouring between d and e.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., October 1906. 2m
262 NEUROPTERA.
(U.S. N. M.); Gutana®, Cayenne! (M,C. Z.: 2 3); Ecuador, Quevedo [2 ¢,1 Q ],
Agua Clara [1 3] (Campos, A. N. S.); Bouivia, near Coroico, Yungaz (Gerhart,
A. N.8.: 16); Brazin?® (2 3,1 2, each with label “ Libellula fusca, Ramb.,” in
de Selys’s hand: 5 3 |, Bahia [ Winthem: 1 3,1 2], Lagoa Santa [1 3,1 2], Minas
Geraes [1 ¢, labelled “ Lib. fusca, Ramb.,” in Selys’s hand: 1 ¢ | (M,C. Z.), Nova
Friburgo (coll. P. P. C., ex coll. Uhler: 1 3,1 2, labelled “ Z. fusca, Rbr.,” in Hagen’s
hand) [Beschke: 2 3], Rio [1 3; Beschke: 7 3,1 2], Rio Janeiro [Mann, Peabody,
Reinhardt: 3 3,1 2]|(M.C. Z.) [10 6, 7 2], Chapada [22 g, 1 9 ], Rio Grande do
Sul [2 ¢*,1 9 | (HZ. . Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitisb.); Paraguay ®, San Pedro’, Costa
Aguaray (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Foerster: 1 3), Sapucay (Foster, U. S.N. M.: 14 6,
3 9); AReEnTINA, San Isidro * 4.
The seasonal distribution is likewise extensive. January specimens come from
Teapa, Guatemala, Bonda, and San Isidro*; July is represented from Lumija, Colon,
Bonda, and La Guayra. Teapa examples were taken from January to April inclusive,
those from Bonda from July to January inclusive, those from Sapucay in March,
September, November, and December. Some of the Surubres individuals (all taken
in February) are noted as from “ eau stagnante,” others from ‘“‘bord de la riviére
Surubres.”
For the exact identification of fusca, I have relied on the specimens quoted as labelled
by de Selys, who possessed Rambur’s type.
In the M. C. Z. is a male labelled ‘ famula Guiana” and “ Mus. Berol.” If this be
one of Erichson’s specimens—and it agrees with his brief description §—I regard
this name as a synonym of fusca. The vertex is not so deeply bifid, the colour
on the hind wings has less of the reddish tinge of typical fusca and reaches a
little farther to the hind margin; the post-triangular rows on the front wing
are 3, 2, 3, but a similar condition exists in otherwise typical fusca, symmetrically
and asymmetrically.
The Zrithemis pulla of Mr. Kirby®, I had first thought to be ochracea, Burmeister,
but the following passage from Mr. Kirby’s reply (Sept. 24, 1904) to my inquiries
seems to indicate fusca, Rambur, as its proper position :—“ Trithemis pulla. I think
the species you call by this name is my 7’. erichsoni, and that the species with a red
vertex (I don’t know why I identified it with pu//a when B[urmeister] says the vertex
is blue) is ochracea, as you think. Of this we have a drawerful from Amazons,
W. Indies, and Panama.... But certainly, as far as I can see, the app[endages of the
second segment] of the sp. I called pulla are not like those figured by you as pulla,
and much more like those of your figure of basifusca.” The last sentence quoted seems
to me the most important.
The “ mixed-fronted” condition is presented by a second male from Lumija (coll.
* Intermediate in wing-colouring between @ and e.
ERYTHRODIPLAX, 263
Westcott), having the frons and vertex metallic-violet in which red is still perceptible,
abdomen pruinose, reddish-brown (ochraceous) on hind wing reaching out to the
triangle but not quite to hind margin, abd. 18, hind wing 21 mm.; this male is
therefore intermediate between e and e’. See also the remarks on the Nova Friburgo
and Rio males under e’, posted.
[f. Abdomen, ¢ 23-24, 9 21-22°5; hind wing, ¢ 28-32, 2 28-31; costal edge of stigma, front wing,
35-4 mm. None of these specimens has any pruinosity. Of the two females the larger has the
ochraceous colour on the hind wing reaching distad to between the second and third antecubitals and into
the triangle, caudad to two cells beyond the apex of the membranule, and with the basal colouring on
the front wing reaching only halfway to first antecubital or submedian cross-vein ; the smaller has the
wing-colouring almost as stated for the males of f on page 259.
Hab. Bottvia, near Coroico, Yungaz (Gerhart, A. N. 8.: 23,2 2 ).
Taken May 8 to June 4, 1899.]
'
a.
Diplaz fruterna, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 875 (1873)*; xviii. p. 81 (1875) *.
Trithemis fraterna, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 20 (1890) *; Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jam. i. p. 257
(1894) *.
S Diplax abjecta, 2 Diplax ochracea, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. pp. 197, 196
(1866) °.
Diplax abjecta (pars), Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p- 184 (1861) °.
The Cuban males are of different ages and show that in teneral examples the face, including the lips, is
luteous or olivaceous, the frons and vertex violaceous or reddish-luteous according to the way in which
light is reflected from them, thorax and abdomen mostly luteous or pale ochre-brown. In older
individuals red and blue are both visible in the frons and vertex, nasus and labium olivaceous-brown,
labrum blackish-brown, thorax and abdomen darker, reddish-brown. The oldest males have the colours
as described by Scudder’.
Of the Mexican material, the male from Uruachic is of the middle age mentioned above, the others are
older.
Q@. The Uruapan females, none of which are old, have no more colouring on the wings than the males, as in
one of Scudder’s females °.
3 9. The Mexican material is smaller than the Cuban :—
Uruapan. Uruachic. Amula. Cuba.
Abdomen, ob ..... cece ccc eee eee 19°5 20 21°5 22-24 mm.
» Dic ce cece cece eee e ee ee ees 17-19 eee eee 21-22 ,,
Hind wing, 5 .... se cee eee eee eee 23°5 24°5 25°5 25-28 ,,
ee bce eee eee 21°5-24 eae eee 24-26 ,,
Costal edge of stigma, front wing ...... 3°5 3°5 35 3- 35,,
| Antecubitals, hind wing, usually 8. Post-triangular rows, front wing, either 3, 2, 3, or 3, symmetrically or
asymmetrically.
Hab. Msxico, Uruachic in Chihuahua (Hepburn, coll. McLachlan: 1 3), Uruapan
(Rhoads: 13, 42), Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 1 3 ).—Brazi, [Rio]
2m2
264 NEUROPTERA.
[Beschke: 1 ¢); Wesr Inpies, Cuba?® [Gundlach ’, Poey!, Wright *, Winthem:
8 ¢,22](UC.Z), Isle of Pines 2°, Bath in Jamaica * (Mrs. Swainson, coll. P. P. C.:
13).
Taken in April (Uruapan) and September (Amula).
From what has been said above, it is evident that some of the Cuban and the Uruachic
males represent the “ mixed-fronted” condition and are consequently intermediate
between a and al.
b’. The males appear to pass through the same colour-changes as described above for a’; a Guadalajara g
has the frons luteous, violaceous above, nasus olivaceous, labrum reddish-brown, labium luteous, thoracic
dorsum reddish-brown, sides obscure greenish, abdomen dark reddish-brown. A male from Jojutla with
nearly similar colours shows both red and metallic-blue on the frons. Other males from these and other
localities have the face black, frons metallic-blue, abdomen pruinose. Antecubitals, hind wing 7-9;
post-triangular rows, front wing 3 or 2, 3, or 3, 2, 3, symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Guadalajara. Teapa. Coroico. Chapada.
Abdomen, So... cece rere cette ee nees 21-22 18-20 19-21°5 17-19'5 mm.
” oa Leas 15:5 Lee 16-19 ,,
Hind wing, ¢ oo... cece ce teen ew eens 24-5-26°5 20-22°5 23°5-26 19-24 ,,
” Fs a see 20 eee 20-23,
Costal edge of stigma, front wing ...... 3°3—-4 2:8-3 3°5-4 2°8-5°2,,
Hab. Mexico, Sierra Madre, Tepic (Richardson: 2 3, 2 2), Guadalajara (Schu-
mann: 4 6), Cuernavaca (H. H. Smith: 2 3; coll. McLachlan: 1 3) [2 3] and
Jojutla [2 ¢] in Morelos (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Amula[1 ¢, 1 2] and Tepetlapa
(2 ¢] in Guerrero, Teapa [3 ¢,2 2] in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).—Bottvia, near
Coroico, Yungaz (Gerhart, A. N. S.: 8 3); Brazm [3 3], Bahia [3 ¢ ], Rio.
i Beschke: 3 3] (MC. Z.), Nova Friburgo (coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Chapada (H. Z.
Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 33 3,10 @).
--“Taken in January and February (Teapa), May (Coroico, Chapada), June (Cuernavaca,
Coroico). July (Guadalajara), September (Amula), October (Cuernavaca, Tepetlapa),
November (Jojutla), and December (Chapada). |
A “mixed frons” is possessed by one of the above Jojutla males, hence intermediate
between b and b’.
c’. Two subdivisions can be recognized :
[i. Size smaller, abdominal segments 2-8 of equal width.
Libellula connata, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 855 (1839)*; Schiddte, Oversigt Dansk. Videnskab.
Selskabs Forhandl. 1855, p. 1217; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 77 (1898) °,
Mesothemis connata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 318 (1861) *.
* A summary of Charles Wright’s explorations in Cuba has recently been published by Prof. L. M.
Underwood (Bull. Torrey Botan. Club, xxxii. pp. 291-300: June, 1905). Unfortunately the labels on his
Odonata are merely “Cuba. Ch. Wright,” with no further clue to exact localities.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 265
Erythrodiplax connata, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 723 (1868) °; Ris, Hamburg.
Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 39 (1904) °.
Mesothemis (subgenus Erythrodiplar) connata, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 89
(1875) ”.
Libellula communis, Rambur, Névr. p. 93 (1842)°; Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool. vi. p. 111, Atlas, ii.
| Neur. t. 2. figg. 4, a-e (entire insect col., mouth parts) (1851 & 1854) °.
Libellula leontina, Brauer, Reise d. Novara, Neur. p. 93 (1866) *.
Abdomen, 3 17-20, 9 17-19:5; hind wing, ¢ 22-245, 9 22-24; costal edge of stigma, front wing,
2°5-3°5 mm.
Hab. Curtn 8! (Reed, coll. P. P. C., ew coll. McLach.: 1 3,12) [Dohrn: 1 3],
Quillota? [2 ¢, 2 2], Valparaiso1? [3 2] (MC. Z.), Bajios de Cauquenes (LH. C.
Reed, U. 8S. N. M.: 2 3), Valdivia °.
Taken at Quillota in January or February?2; the two pairs here quoted from this
locality are doubtless some of those of the ‘Galatea’ Expedition ®.
I have followed Dr. Ris® in placing communis® and leontina'® as synonyms; one
of the Quillota males is labelled “ Z. connata, Br., L. comunis, Rbr.,” in Hagen’s
hand. |
ii, Size larger, abdomen a little narrower at base of segment 4 than at 2, gradually widening from base
of 4 to apex of 7.
Libellula abjecta, Ramb. Névr. p. 83 (1842) *.
Diplax abjecta, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 184 (1861)*; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 263
(1869) °.
The Jalapa and one of the Merida males have only the summit of the frons metallic-blue, remainder of frons
and clypeus olivaceous, lips yellowish- or reddish-brown. Rambur’s type had the “face d’un roux
obscur, d’un bleu violet obscur dans la moitié supérieure”*. Two of the Sta. Fé de Bogota males,
though with black labrum and obscure dark-coloured clypeus, have a distinct admixture of red in
the otherwise metallic-blue frons. Hagen had older males with “mouth fuscous, front chalybeous
above ” 2, and such are the remaining males before me.
The females are mostly teneral, generally pale brown or olivaceous, with pale yellow colouring on the bases of
the wings to about the same extent as the dark ochraceous of the males.
Abdomen, 3 21-23°5, 9 19:5-21°5; hind wing, ¢ 26°5-30; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 3°7-4 mm.
These are the dimensions of the material from Santa Fé de Bogota, but they also include those of the
rest of the present material. The Jalapa male has lost part of its abdomen ; its hind wing is 29 mm.
long.
Hab. Muxico, Jalapa (Trujillo: 1 ¢ ).—Cotomsia}, Santa Fé de Bogota | Lindig %,
1863: 73,5 2]; Vuenezveta?, Merida [2 ¢, labelled ‘* Libellula abjecta, Ramb.,” in
Sely’s hand]; Brazin?, Bahia [2 ¢, same label by Selys| (MZ. C. Z.).
For the exact identification of abjecta I have relied on the specimens quoted as
labelled by de Selys, who possessed Rambur’s type.
The Cuban specimens referred to this species by Hagen? are his fraterna (vide
supra, page 263).
266 NEUROPTERA.
d’ and intermediates between ec’ and d’.
Trithemis basifusca, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 536, t. 16. figg. 58-61 (details ¢ ¢)
(1895)'; (8) Zool. i. p. 896 (1899) *; An. Mus. Nac. Buen. Aires, vil. p. 80 (1899) °.
The present material from Mexico is smaller than the types from Lower California’: abdomen, ¢ 17-21,
© 18-20; hind wing, ¢ 22-25, 9 21:5-24°5; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 2°8-3-5 mm. Post-
triangular rows to level of nodus, front wing, 3 or 3, 2, 3, symmetrically or asymmetrically.
Hab. Lower Catirornia, El Paraiso!, Mesa Verde !, Sierra el Taste1, Miraflores !,
San José del Cabo! (Kisen, coll. P. P. C.: 38,3 9 ).—MeExico, Tepic?, El Castillo,
Juanacatlan and Guadalajara (McClendon, U. S. N. M., P. P. C. det.) (Schumann: 1¢,
2 2; Tower, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3,1 2) in Jalisco, Amula [3 3,19 ], Tepetlapa [2 ¢,
1 ¢}]and Rincon [1 ¢,1 2] in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Cuernavaca (Barrett, colls.
Adams, P. P. C.: 5 3, 4 2); Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 1 3 ),—Braziu*,
Minas Geraes (M/. C. Z.: 1 ¢); Paraguay, San Pedro? (coll, P. P.C.: 16,12).
Taken from June to September at Guadalajara, in September and October in Lower
| California, Guerrero, and Cuernavaca, in November at Tepic.
A “mixed-front” is presented in two males from near Coroico, Bolivia, of rather
larger size (abd. 22, hind wing 27-28 mm.), taken April 29 and May 31; the face is
distinctly reddish in the younger of the two, but a violaceous tinge is apparent on the
upper surface of the frons; in the other the labrum is still reddish, clypeus obscure
brown, frons mixed red and blue. ‘These males therefore furnish intermediates
between d and @’. Mixed red and blue fronts exist in otherwise blackish-faced males
cited above from Amula and Tepetlapa.
[e’ and intermediates between d’ and e’.
3. Abdomen 20°5-22 (Casiguana), 18-19 (Brazil); hind wing 25-27 (Casiguana), 24-25 (Brazil) mm.
The Rio and Nova Friburgo males seem to be exactly similar to the e specimens from the same localities
except for the colours of the frons and face, the darker tint of the body and of the wing-bases; two of
those from Rio have the labrum pale reddish.
2. Abdomen 19-20, hind wing 24°5-26 mm. (Casiguana).
Hab. Ecvapor, Casiguana (Campos, A. NV. S.: 5 3, 2 2); Brazin [1 ¢ ], Minas
Geraes [1 ¢ |, Nova Friburgo and Rio [Beschke: 5 3 | (M. C. Z,).
The Casiguana specimens were taken in May.
N.B.—Some individuals of justiniana, Selys, also fall under e’. Vide infra. |
[f’.
Libellula justiniana, Selys, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba, p. 450 (1857) +.
Diplax justiniana, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 181 (1861); Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xv.
p. 875 (1873) °; Scudder, 1. c. x. p. 197 (1866) *.
Diplax ambusta, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi, p. 293 (1867)°; xviii. p. 81 (1875) °.
Trithemis ambusta et justiniana, Kirby, Cat. Odon. pp. 19, 20 (1890) ’.
* One male in the M.C. Z. labelled simply “ Brazil” seems to belong here, but is very large: abdomen 23'5,
hind wing 31:5, stigma of front wing 4 mm. ; antecubitals, hind wing, 9, 10.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 267
Trithemis ambusta, Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jam. i. p. 257 (1893) * ; Carpenter, 1. c. ii. p. 260 (1896) *.
Libellula minuscula (pars), Ramb. Névr. p. 115 (1842) ° (teste Selys’).
The outer limits of the basal spot on the hind wing, of Cuban specimens only, varies from the second ante-
cubital, arculus, and proximal side of triangle to the fifth antecubital and one cell beyond the distal angle
of the triangle. Antecubitals, hind wing, 6-7. See also a remark on this form, anted, page 259.
Abdomen, ¢ 15-20, 2 15-5-18; hind wing, ¢ 17°5-23°'5, Q 20-22 mm. (Cuba).
» 6 16-19,2915-17; ,, 4 o 19-22, 2 18-22 mm, (Samana).
Hab. Wusr Invies, Havana (Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 1 9) in Cuba 1-35 (Loew, Wright,
Gundlach, Poey, M. C. Z., Am. Ent. Soc.: 28 3,9 9 ), Isle of Pines * (Poey, M.C. Z.:
3 ¢), Kingston [Aaron: 1 ¢] and Bath [Mrs. Swainson®: 1 3] (coll. P. P. C.) in
Jamaica® (A. NV. S.: 26, 12), Samana (Frazar, colls. M.C.Z., P. P.G.: 11 ¢,
13 @) in Hayti (Uhler, M. C. Z.: 13,1 2; Abbott, A. N.S.: 28,1 2 ), Mayaguez
(Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3) in Porto Rico, St. Thomas (Orsted, M. C.Z.: 1 3).
Dr. Ris has written me (9. ix. 05) :—“ Erythrodiplax justiniana is identical with the
ambusta [from Samana] you sent me; a specimen from Cuba under the general label
Justiniana [in de Selys’s collection] is even labelled ‘ambusta’ in Hagen’s hand.”
It will be interesting to look for this form in Yucatan, from which I have seen no
material. The “mixed-fronted” male from Lumija mentioned on page 262 is suggestive
of a connection between the continentals and this insular form. |
Summary.—ln general, red-fronted forms are furnished by the eastern slopes of
Mexico and Guatemala, while the western slopes of Mexico yield those with blue
fronts. On the other hand, both red-fronted (e, d, e) and blue-fronted (b’) males were
gathered at Teapa in Tabasco in the same month (February) of the same year, by the
same collector, and in Costa Rica red-fronted males are reported from the western, or
Pacific, slope (Surubres, e, e) as well as the eastern (Caché, d). In South America, the
vicinity of Coroico in Bolivia has yielded both blue- (b/) and red- (c, e, f) fronted
individuals at the same time of year. From Nova Friburgo and Rio in Brazil likewise
come both colours of frons (d, e, a’, b’, e’). |
The blue-fronted Western Mexican examples have been mainly taken from June to
November, the red-fronted Eastern Mexican individuals from January to July, but the
collections from Teapa and Coroico cited above, the Uruapan male (a’) taken in April,
and the San José, Costa Rica, August males (e) appear to oppose an interpretation of
these colour-differences as seasonal.
It is evident that we as yet know too little of the exact distribution of these insects
in space and in time of year to formulate more definite conclusions.
7. Erythrodiplax minuscula.
Libellula minuscula, Rambr. Névr. p. 115 (1842).
Diplax minuscula, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 183 (1861)?; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xv.
p. 268 (1878)"; xvi. p. 363 (1874) 4
268 NEUROPTERA.
Diplacodes minuscula, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 308 (1889) *; Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(7) iii. p. 868 (1899)°; Blatchley, A Nature Wooing, &c. p. 215 (1902) ".
Trithemis minuscula, Castle & Laurent, Ent. News, vii. p. 302 (1896) °; Ris, Mitth. schweiz. ent.
Ges. x. p. 440 (1902)°; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. p. 709, t. 41. fig. 10 (nymph),
t. 44. fig. 2 (venation) (1904) ».
Sympetrum minusculum, Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 825 (1900) ”.
Dimensions :—Abdomen, ¢ 13°5-17, 2 125-165; hind wing, d 155-21, 9 16-20; costal edge of stigma,
front wing, 2-2°5 mm.
Hab. Norra Americal, Kentucky2, Georgia?4, Florida??7!0 (colls. Adams,
A. N.S, P.P.¢.: 108,52), Auburn (Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 1 ¢) in Alabama.—
Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler®).—Brazu?, Amazon®, Chapada [27 ¢, 14 2],
Corumba [1 3], Cuyaba [3 ¢, 6 9], Cachoeira [6 3, 8 2], Piedra Blanca [3 ¢,
1 2], Lagoa [spmns.], Rio Grande do Sul [1 3] (4. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.) ;
ARGENTINA, Corrientes? (Perren, coll. P. P. C., ex coll. McLach.: 1 6); West Inpigs,
Havana, Cuba (Milwaukee Publ. Mus.: 1 3).
8. Erythrodiplax berenice.
This species, including at least two subspecies in the sense of the code of the American Ornithologists’
Union *, shows an interesting variation from north to south in the denseness of reticulation of the wings,
especially along their hind margins. The denseness is greatest in the northern examples, as may be seen
from the following figures taken from the left wings only, except in one instance (R) :—
Number of marginal cells between
h Width at
Locality and Sex. Short sector Lengtt nodus
Stigma and nodal Subnod al and first ; in mm.
sector. ang meciaD! sector of
sectors. triangle.
Fore wing. |Hind wing.| F. w.|H. w. |F. w. |H.w. |F. w. Hw. /F. w. |H.w
1. Folsom, Pennsylvania. ¢ .......... 30 35 23 | 28 | 7 | 15 | 25:5) 24 | 6-5] 8
2. Anglesea, New Jersey. @ .......... 36 33 22 | 27 | 10 | 16 | 27 |26 | 6-5) 8
3. (Corpus Christi?), Texas. g ........ 35 29 24; 29 | 8 | 16 |26 | 24:5) 6-3) 8
4. ” ” .° QD se eeeeae 30 30 21 | 23); 7) 14/26 (25 |6 | 8
5, Altamira, Tamp., Mex. 9 .......... 27 28 22 | 23, 7/14 |29°528 | 7 | 95
6. Acapulco, Mex. G ...... eee ee eee 23 22 21 | 23| 6 | 11 | 26-525 | 65) 8
7. Salina Cruz, Mex. ¢ ......-......-. 29 28 24 | 26 6 | 14 |29 | 27 | 65) 88
8. » ri 23(R); 26 21 | 24) 5 | 14 |29 | 27-5) 6-7; 9
9, San José, Guat. gd ........ eee eae 20 21 19 | 19 |) 7 | 18 |28 |27 | 65] 85
10. ” rs i 21 19 16 | 20 | 7) 12 |285:27 | 6 | 8
11. Colon, Pan. J... cece eee eee 18 19 18 | 19 6 | 11 | 24:5) 23 | 5:5| 7
12. ,, a 21 19 18 | 20 5 | 12 |26 | 24-5) 55] 7
13. Charlotte Harbour, Fla. ¢ .......... 25 24 20 | 24) 6 | 14 | 25:5, 24 | 6 | 7:5
14. Miami, Fla. 9.0... ... eee eee eee 24 21 18 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 24-5) 23:5) 5:5) 7
15. Cuba (Wright), GO ...... 0... ee eee 16 14 17 | 17) 6 | 10 | 25 | 23-5} 5:5) 7
16. Kingston, Jam. Q@ ............06.. 17 18 17; 18} 5 | 8 | 24:5) 23:5) 5°5| 7
* Code of Nomenclature, 1892, page 31.
ERYTHRODIPLAX. 269
The males do not differ in colour (except with age), or in the form of the appendages or genitalia of the
second abdominal segment; their wings are not coloured.
The females seemingly are dimorphic, or dichromatic, differing as follows :—
a 2 form I (homeochromatic 2). Thorax black with some yellow spots near the coxe, vertex and frons
metallic-blue, or frons with a small yellow spot in front of each eye, nasus and lips black, nasus and
labium each side with a yellow spot, abdominal segments 1 and 2 and most of 3 blackish-brown; hind
wing with ochraceous or smoky-brown at base out to submedian cross-vein and apex of membranule or
less, front wing with a still smaller, similarly-coloured area at base. 9 form II (heterochromatic @ ).
Thorax yellow, a mid-dorsal and, on each side, two ante- and five post-humeral black lines or narrow
stripes ; vertex metallic-blue with a yellow spot at tip, frons metallic-blue with an anterior, transverse,
medially interrupted, yellow band, most of nasus, labrum and labium (except a narrow median black band
on the last) yellow, dorsum of abdominal segments 1-3 chiefly yellowish-red ; wings yellowish at base out
to first antecubital and submedian cross-vein, and a yellowish or yellowish-brown cloud on the anterior
half between the origin of the subnodal sector and the midway point from nodus to stigma. ¢ 9. Re-
ticulation dense . . 1. 1. 1. ww ee ee ee we ew ee). «Subspecies berenice type.
b. 2 form I (homeochromatic 9). Like form aI, but the wings uncoloured. 9 form II (heterochromatic
9). Like form aI, but the cloud on the middle of the wings is lacking. <¢ 9. Reticulation
coarse ww we ww ee ee ee ee we we wee ) .) «Subspeciocs neva.
As necessitated by the definition of a subspecies in the Code quoted above, these two are connected by
intermediates, listed below.
[a. berenice type.
Lnbellula berenice, Drury, Ilustr. Nat. Hist. i. p. 114 and Index, t. 48. fig. 3 (2 form II, in colours)
(1770)*; Westwood’s edit. i. p. 118, t. 48. fig. 3 (id.) (1837)*; Olivier, Encyc. Méth.,
Insectes, vii. p. 569 (1792)°; Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 25 (1839) *;
Le Conte’s edit. ii. p. 399 (1859) °; Ramb. Névr. p. 88 (1842) °.
Diplax berenice, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 178 (1861)"; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xv.
p- 266 (1873)°; Packard, Amer. Nat. i. p. 311, t. 9. figg. 3 (¢), 4 (@ form IT) (1867)? ;
Guide Stud. Ins. p. 605, figs. 589, 590 (id.) (1869) *°; Uhler, Sci. Res. Chesap. Zool. Lab.
J. Hopk. Univ. 1878, p. 33”.
Trithemis berenice, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 19 (1890) ”; Ris, Ent. News, xiv. p. 218 (1903) ™*.
Micrathyria berenice, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 871 (1890); Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. xx. p. 260 (1893); Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 538 (1895)**; Journ. N. Y. Ent.
Soc. in. p. 47 (1895) "7; Ent. News, xiv. p. 276 (1903); xv. p. 174 (nymph) (1904);
Howard, Insect Book, t. 41. figg. 1-3 (¢ 2 2) (1901) *; Brimley & Sherman, Ent. News,
xiv. p. 101 (1904)”; Butler, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxx. t. 7. fig. 3 (labium) (1904) ”.
Erythrodiplax berenice, Calv. Occas. Papers, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 6, p. 86 (1905) ”.
Libellula histrio, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 849 (1839) *; Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 63
(1898) ”°.
Males and both forms of females are frequent at the same place on the same day. Reticulation as in nos. 1
and 2 of table on p. 268.
Had. Unrrep States, Milton in Massachusetts®2? to 171124 Beaufort in North
Carolina *?.
A sea-coast species, whose larve live in brackish water!*. The perfect insect is,
however, occasionally found near Philadelphia , and one individual is recorded
from Thousand Isles, New York, in the St. Lawrence River. |
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1906. In
270 NEUROPTERA.
Connecting-forms between subspecies berenice and neva.
Micrathyria berenice, Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, xx. p. 260 (1893) * (in part. ; the last five words,
“or as in form II” *, under the description of form I).
Reticulation as dense, or nearly as dense, as in berenice; nos. 3-8 of the table on page 268. The females are
heterochromatic 6 II. I have not seen any homeochromatic females from the following localities.
Abd., 3 23:5 (Texas), 24 (Salina Cruz), ? form bII 22-5 (Texas), 24 (S. Cruz, Altamira) mm. For hind
wing see table, page 268. Costal edge of stigma, front wing, 3-3-5 mm.
Hab. Unrtep Staves, Texas}, possibly Corpus Christi (S. / Aaront, A. NV. S.: 2 3,
7 °).—Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (ZHoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1), Acapulco
(Ilassler Exped. M. C. Z.: 1 3), Salina Cruz (coll. Deam: 1 3,1 2)..
Taken in July at Altamira, in December at Salina Cruz.
The Acapulco male might be referred equally well to neva. The actual transition
from females I and II of berenice to I and II of neva is yet to be found. The most
likely areas are the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia, and Northern Florida,
b. Subspecies neva.
Dythemis neva, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 167 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 293 (1867) ”.
Micrathyria berenice, Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 261 (1893)°* (in part. ; same remarks as
for this quotation under “ connecting-forms,”’ anted, substituting “ Bahaman”’ for ‘“ Texan”
and “neva” for “ connecting-forms”’).
The following notes, made in 1897, from Hagen’s types of neva in the M. C. Z., give details not mentioned
in the description :—
3 type. Front wings with 3 post-triangular cells, then two rows (left), or two rows from the triangle out
(right), to the level of the origin of the subnodal sector, increasing to 5-6 marginal cells, discoidal
triangle free, internal triangle 2-celled, last antecubital continuous on the right side only. Hind wings
with one row of post-triangular cells between the short sector and the first sector of the triangle,
increasing to 9-10 marginal cells. Extreme base of wings uncoloured. Arculus between first and second
antecubitals ; pterostigma luteous, 2 mm. long. Anterior lamina very small. Hamule lamellate, apex
bifid; inner branch very slender, curved, with acute tip; outer branch longer, wider, tip truncated
obliquely outward (laterad) and downward (ventrad). Genital lobe less prominent, longer than wide,
directed backward, posterior margin bilobed. Superior appendages with an inferior row of denticles, no
subbasal teeth or tubercle. Abdomen 19, hind wing 22 mm.
Q type. Front wings with three post-triangular cells, then two rows to the level of the origin of the subnodal
sector, increasing to 5 marginal cells, discoidal triangle free (left) or crossed (right), internal triangle
3-celled. Hind wings as above for ¢. No colouring on the wings; pterostigma a little darker, 2°5 mm.
long. Shape of abdomen evidently somewhat altered. Vulvar lamina projecting. Abdomen 21, hind
wing 23 mm.
3S 2. Variations in the venation from the conditions presented by these types exist in the present material
as follows :—
Front wing: post-triangular rows to level of origin of ‘subnodal sector 2~3 with all intermediate conditions,
often asymmetrical in the same individual. Discoidal triangle crossed in 45 wings, free in 27 wings,
asymmetrical in 4 ¢ (Colon 3, Cuba 1), 5 Q (8. José 1, Cuba 3, Jamaica 1). Internal triangle 2-celled
* These words refer to the same Texan specimens as are here quoted as connecting-forms. In 1893, I
incorrectly (as I now think) referred them to @ form I.
ERYTHRODIPLAX.—D YTHEMIS. 271
in 10 wings, 3-celled in 62 wings, asymmetrical in 3 g (Colon 2, S. José 1), 5 @ (San José 2, Colon 2,
Cuba 1). Number of individuals examined 12 ¢, 24 9.
Hind wing: not infrequently only one post-triangular cell reaches from short sector to first sector of triangle,
and is followed by two rows.
form I (homeochromatic). To this I refer Hagen’s type and a specimen from Biscayne, Florida, which I
examined some years ago and of which I made the following notes (at that time I identified it as
berenice):—“ Head and thorax coloured as in ¢ (frons and vertex dark metallic-blue, nasus greenish-
yellow, rhinarium and labrum black, median labial lobe and inner half of each lateral labial lobe black) ;
abdomen coloured as usual, but 10th segment black. Wings uncoloured. Abdomen 22, hind wing
25 mm.”
2 form IT (heterochromatic). I refer all the females before me to this form. Those from Colon vary in the
colouring of the head: three have the vertex wholly metallic-blue, the yellow anterior frontal band
greatly reduced, and the labrum black or black with two yellow spots; one has the anterior frontal band
greatly reduced, the labrum black with two yellow spots; one has the yellow anterior frontal band greatly
reduced: otherwise they agree with the statement on page 269 for form 6 II. One female from Crooked
Island has pruinosity on thorax and base of abdomen concealing the yellow, but not the black stripes, of
the former. A Cuban female is similar, but not quite so far advanced.
Dimensions (in millim.).—
San José, Guat. | Colon, Panama. Bahamas. Cuba.
Abdomen, ¢ ...... eee eee ee eee ee 21°5-24 20-21 21 19-21°5
3 D cece cece cc eee ener eeeeee 22-23 20-22 19°5-22 19-21
Hind wing, 5 .... eee cece eee ees 24:5-27 23-24°5 22 22-245
” 99 QD cece cece cette ee eens 25-27 23°5-26°5 23°5-26 23°5-24'5
Costal edge of stigma, front wing ...... 2°8-3 2°5-2°8 2°5-2'8 2-2:5
Nos. 9-16 of the table on page 268 illustrate the relative coarseness of reticulation in this subspecies.
Hab. Unirep States, Charlotte Harbour [coll. P. P. C.: 1 3], Biscayne Bay [vide
supra| (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), Chokoloskee [ Kinney: 1¢ ], and Miami [Laurent: 1 ¢ ]
(A. N. 8.) in Florida—Guatemata, San José (Maron & Hay, U. S. N. M.: 2 9;
Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 2 2; Hine, O.S.U.: 26,1 2); Panama, Colon (Howland,
coll. Needham: 4 3,5 2 ).—Banamas 3, Nassau, New Providence (Maynard, M. C. Z.:
1 ¢ ), Governor’s Harbour, Eleuthera [1 9], Crooked Island [4 2 | (Moore & Bullock,
Univ. of Pa. Exped.); Wust Inpius, Cardenas? in Cuba! (Poey, Wright, M. C. Z.:
43,7 2), Kingston in Jamaica (4. ¥. S.: 1 9).
Taken in February (San José), March (id., Miami), June (Nassau), July (Colon),
August (Cardenas?), September (id.?), and November (Eleuthera, Crooked I.).
As is evident from the table on page 268, the Floridan and Acapulco examples
connect the reticulation of typical neva with that of berenice type.
DYTHEMIS.
Dythemis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 162 (1861); Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii.
pp. 368, 733 (1868) ; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xu. pp. 264, 298 (1889) ; Cat. Odon.
p- 84 (1890) ; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 522 (1895); Proe. Bast. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xxviii. pp. 801-5, 308-9 (1898).
A Tropical-American genus.
In2
272 NEUROPTERA.
Synopsis of the Species of Mexico and Central America.
I. Anterior lamina of the male less prominent than the genital lobe.
Thorax brown to black, each side with a pale antehumeral stripe one-third to
one-fifth as wide as the dark colour which separates it from the mid-
dorsal carina; wings yellowish or brownish at base out to the first ante-
cubital or less, sometimes darker in the subcostal and submedian spaces,
apex varying from uncoloured to more or less brown, which may extend
inward as far as the distal (3) or proximal ( 2) end of the stigma; hind
wing with 3-4 rows of cells between the proximal subbasal sector (A; of
C. & N.) and the anal “angle.” Abdomen, ¢ 26-31, ? 25-381°5; hind
wing, ¢ 28-35, ? 285-35; costal edge of stigma, front wing, g 3°2-3:9,
B2-A4mm.. ee ee ee eee ee ee ee 1, elon,
[Thorax brown, each side with a pale antehumeral stripe nearly as wide as the
brown separating it from the mid-dorsal carina; wings brownish at base
out to internal triangle on front wing, to discoidal triangle on hind wing,
centres of the cells clearer, darker streaks in the subcostal spaces, apex
brown for a width of 1-2 (3), 2-5 (?) cells; hind wing with 4-5 rows
of cells between A, and the anal “angle.” Abdomen, ¢ 28-82, ? 32;
hind wing, ¢ 325-35°5, 9 35°5-36°5 ; costal edge of stigma, front wing,
3 33-85, 9 445mm. ....2.2. ~~. we ee . fugar*.]
Thorax reddish, no pale antehumeral stripes ; wings reddish- brown (¢) or
yellowish (¢) at base out to the level of the middle of the internal
triangle on front wing, to distal angle of discoidal triangle on hind wing,
apex uncoloured (¢) or dark brown in to the middle of the stigma ( ¢ ) ;
hind wing with 6-7 rows of cells between A; and the anal “angle.”
Abdomen, & 29-80°5, ¢ 30; hind wing, g 38-89, ? 40; costal edge
of stigma, front wing, 6 35, 95mm. . . woe ew ee ww eR maya,
II. Anterior lamina of the male more prominent than the genital lobe.
Thorax dark reddish-brown, no pale antehumeral stripes ; wings uncoloured,
or with avery faint yellowish tinge at extreme base out to less than half-
way to the submedian cross-vein ; hind wing with 3-4 rows between A;
and the anal “angle.” Abdomen, § 27°5-38, 9 28; hind wing,
3d 315-388, 2? 84; costal edge of stigma, front wing, ¢ 4-4°6,
Q 47mm... 6. 6 ee ee ee eee ee ew ee eee 8 cannacrivides.
1. Dythemis velox.
Dythemis velox, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 163 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p. 75 (1875) °; Calvert, op. cit. xxviii. p. 309 (1898)*; Needham & Cockerell, Psyche, x.
p. 189 (1903) *; ? Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 699, t. 42. fig. 2 (nymph) (1904) °.
* Fuga, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 163 (1861); Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxvili. p. 309,
t. 1. figg. 6, 7 (femora 2, 3) (1898); known from Texas, may be expected in Northern Mexico. Its supposed
nymph has been described by Needham and Cockerell, Psyche, x. 1903, p. 189; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xxvii. p. 700, fig. 2 (1904).
DYTHEMIS. , 273
Libellula tessellata, Rambur (nec Burm.), Ins. Névr. p. 89 (1842) °.
Dythemis sterilis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 317 (1861)"; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p- 87 (1875) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 522, t. 16. figg. 52-55 (details ¢ ¢ )
(1895) °.
Dythemis velox, var. sterilis, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 310 (1898) ”; Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 890 (1899) ”.
Dythemis broadwayi, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 227 (1894) ”; (7) ili. p. 365 (1899) *.
Dythemis nigra, Martin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. Ixvi. p. 590 (1897) **.
Dythemis velox, var. tabida, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 310 (1898) ”.
Dythemis velox, var. nigrescens, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3) Zool. i. p. 890 (1899) "°; (2) iv.
p. 525 (1895) ".
That the above names represent, in large part, colour-differences due to age appears to be demonstrated by
the following evidence :—
(a) Transitions in the colour of the frons from pale green and luteous through brown to metallic-blue
are furnished by Hagen’s types of velow (Calvert *) and by the females from Lanquin, Belize, Rio
Cocula, Presidio (V.C.), Zapote, San Felipe, and Teapa (April) in the order named. Specimens of
one or the other sew from Temax, Teapa, Belize, Gualan, Mazatenango, Surubres, show distinctly
the beginning of blue reflections on their brown or luteous fronts and vertices.
(b) Without exception, individuals of both sexes having metallic-blue”'*’’, violet "*, or green * on
vertex and frons have darker-coloured thorax and abdomen (7. ¢. are older) than do individuals
with pale green®, luteous * ’, or brown frons and vertex.
(c) Pruinose™ (i. e. old) individuals always have metallic-blue or violet on frons and vertex, while
individuals with generally pale and light brown °* body-colours do not.
(d) Individuals with pale brown’, blackish“, or pruinose’’ body-colouring, with pale green’,
luteous ?, brown”, or metallic-blue™, -violet '*, or -green ** frons and vertex, occur in the same
localities and often in the same month or on the same day, viz.: San José del Cabo (October)* ”,
Tepic (October, November)" "*, Atoyac (April, May), Teapa (January, February, April), Tehuantepec,
Mazatenango (February 3), Santa Lucia (February 2), San Pedro Sula (February 27).
That variation in the extent of the coloured areas on the wings is independent of age is shown by the
following :—Of Hagen’s five male types of velox from the Pecos River, which I studied in the M.C. Z. in
1897, those with luteous vertex and frons, a stripe in front of the eyes, a metallic-blue point in the
superior groove of the latter, have brown at the base of the wings half-way to the submedian cross-vein
or less, brown at the apex extending farther in than the outer end of the stigma (Aug. 5); that with
brown vertex and frons, the latter with some bluish reflection, has brown at base of wings as before,
brown at apex of wings for a width of three cells (July 11); that with metallic-blue frons and vertex
has almost no colour at base of wings, brown at apex for a width of four cells (Aug. 7). Hagen’s four
female types of velox from the Pecos River have frons and vertex pale green, wings brown at base out to
the submedian cross-vein, or not so far on the front pair; the brown at the apex reaches in almost to the
inner end of the stigma (July 9), or in to but little farther than the outer end of the stigma (Sept. 11).
The females from Gualan vary in the extent of brown at the apices of the wings from only one cell’s
width (Jan. 12) to the entire apex inward: to within one cell of the level of the inner end of stigma
(Jan. 14); both extreme females have vertex and frons yellowish and seem to be of the same age; that
of Jan. 12 is a little larger. The males from Gualan, although much more numerous, show hardly any
variation in the colours of the wings or body ; both sexes are of the form I described as sterilis °.
That all the forms represented by the names above given intergrade, ontogenetically or individually, and are
therefore one species, I have no doubt. Some slight geographical distinction into subspecies possibly
* I have also before me a manuscript description of M. Martin’s type of nigra made and sent to me by
Dr. F. Ris.
274 NEUROPTERA.
exists, as the individuals from Texas, Monterey, and from part of the Pacific slope of Mexico are rather
stouter, but exact measurements are difficult to give, owing to distortion due to drying. Most of the
males, but not the females, from Texas are further distinguishable by the greater extent of brown at the
apex of the wings, which usually has a width of three or more cells; two pruinose males from San
Antonio, however, have this apical brown not more than one or two cells wide.
Hab.* Unirep States, Waco 2, Round Mt.? [v6 3,4 2 |,San Marcos 5, Shovel Mt.[v1 9 ],
San Antonio [n 23] (Schaupp, colls. A. N. S., Adams, P. P.C.), and Pecos River! in
Texas, Dimmit Lake near Roswell*, New Mexico; LowEeR CaLiFoRNIa, Comondu 9,
Miraflores 9, San José del Cabo 9 1617 (Eisen, colls. P. P. C., Adams: 53,32 ).—MeExico,
Monterey (Rhoads: n 83,69) and Linares (Barrett: n 1¢]in Nueva Leon, Alta-
mira in Tamaulipas [Hoag: v 39 ] (coll. P. P. C.), Escuinapa in Sinaloa (Batty, A. M.
N. H.: 19), San Blas (Richardson: n 1¢3)in Tepic 4 1¢[z 1,19], Guadalajara
[n 43,49] (Schumann), Misantla (F. D. G.: 13), Atoyac (H. H. Smith: b,n 146,
6 12), San Lorenzo Cordova (Trujillo: 1 3, 2 2), Cordova [1 ¢], Orizaba [1 ¢ ],
Presidio [n 1,192] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.) and Medellin (H. H. Smith: 1 3) in
Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 2 3,2 2), Iguala [n 44], Rio Cocula [n 1 2 | (Barrett,
coll. P. P. C.), Balsas (Lutz, Field Columb. Mus. Chicago: n 1?) and Savana Grande
[~ 1¢]in Guerrero, Teapa in Tabasco [6 346,129, 2¢, ni 19 |(H. H. Smith),
Tehuantepec (coll. Deam: 1 6; Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: b,n), Temax in Yucatan
(Gaumer: 6 $,1 9%); British Honpuras [0 lo, n 12], Belize [1 ¢,1 ¢], Rio
Sarstoon [1 ¢] (Blancaneaux); Guaremata (M. C. Z.: n), Cubilguitz [1 ¢], San
Gerénimo [1 3g] and Lanquin [* 19] in Vera Paz, Zapote [ni 19 | (Champion),
Sepacuite (Griggs: 1¢) [1¢], Secanquim [1 ¢], San Felipe [m 12,19 | (Mazon
& Hay, U.S. N. M.), Livingston (Wilson, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), Puerto Barrios [1 ¢ |,
Los Amates [2 ¢ ], Gualan [60 3,10 2], Zacapa [1 ¢ |, El Rancho [1 ¢ |, Amatitlan
[1¢,1¢@], Escuintla [103], Santa Lucia [d 36,22," 1¢ |, Mazatenango [6 2¢,
ni one pair in cop.| (Maxon & Hay, U.S. N.M.: 1 6]; Hoypuras, San Pedro Sula
(61s,12,n1¢,1 2] (Williamson, Hine, Deam, colls. Wiimsn., O. S. U.); Costa
Rica, Surubres near San Mateo [3 ¢], Esparta [4 ¢, 3 9] (Biolley, coll. Kahl);
Panama 8, Taboga (Mathew, coll. McLachlan: n 14), La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler !*).—
Cotompra, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 5 3,2 2);
Sta. Fé de Bogota (Lindig, M. C. Z.: ni); Vunuzunna’ (Wayman & ex coll. Banks,
U.S.N.M.: 24,4 9; coll. P. P. C. with label “ Z. tessellata, Ror.” in Hagen’s
hand: 1 @); Gurana, Surinam’, Cayenne 14; Ecuapor, Babahoyo [4 6, 1 2],
Guayaquil [1 9] (Campos R., A. N. S.); Peru, Lima’; Brazin’?, Para 15, Pernam-
* For the benefit of others, especially those who may not accept my views as to the specific identity of the
forms which are here included under velox, I give the particular form, to which the specimens are to be
referred, by abbreviation, thus: n nigrescens, Calv., ni nigra, Mart., tb tabida, Calv., v velox, Hag. Where no
other indication is given, 6, broadwayi, Kirby, =sterilis, Calv., is to be understood, specimens of this form being
the most numerous in the present material.
+ This is the male which I erroneously quoted in 1895* and 1898 * as from Livingstone, Guiana.
DYTHEMIS. 275
buco‘, Bahia’ 5, Rio? (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Hagen: n 13,ni 12), Rio Janeiro
(MW. C.Z.: n) [n 13, ni 28,22], Rio Grande do Sul [n 1o] (. Hl. Smith, Carn.
Mus. Pittsb.); Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster, U. S. N. M.: n 346); Argentina, Buenos
Aires ®; Caine, Quillota 8; Waust Inviss, Trinidad !”,
Every month in the year is represented by specimens from one or another Mexican
locality. Examples dated January are from Cordova and two more Southern Mexican
points, seven in Guatemala, and Sapucay in Paraguay; dated May from Atoyac and
Rio Janeiro. Some other data have been given above.
On the habits of this species Mr. Williamson has made the following notes :—
“Jan. 25,1905. Between Gualan and El Rancho. This species has actions very
similar to [those of] Pachydiplax longipennis, resting on twig-tips with down-drooping
wings and upturned abdomen, a common position for Guatemalan Libellulines, several
of which assume it; most of them have the seventh or eighth abdominal segment
conspicuously marked. Fly-catchers very numerous.
“ Gualan, Jan. 23, 1905. Female of this species oviposits, unattended by male, by
dipping tip of abdomen in open water.—Jan. 22. Native called this ‘Garcite’ (a little
alligator, literally translated, but meaning more nearly ‘alligator pilot’) *. .
“San Pedro, Honduras, Feb. 27, 1905. 3 [6] at mouth of gulch. ¢ [mn] in gulch,
actions like [those of] a Corduline. 2 [m] ovipositing in quiet pool in gulch, dashing
eges in open water unattended by 3.”
Prof. Biolley noted the Esparta examples as from “bord fangeux du ruisseau
Chingo,” those from Surubres as from “eau stagnante.”
2. Dythemis maya, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. fig. 45.)
In addition to the details given on page 272 :—
¢. Face and lips reddish-yellow, the red more pronounced superiorly ; tip of vertex very slightly concave,
frons with a deep superior, mid-longitudinal groove. Sides of the thorax greenish. Abdomen probably
bright red in life, unspotted, paler beneath ; width decreasing slightly from segment 2 (2°5 mm.) to base
of 4(2mm.), increasing to the apex of 6 or of 7 (3 mm.), thence decreasing to 10 (1-6 mm. at apex); base
slightly compressed, as 2 is 3°5 mm. high. Superior appendages reddish, 2 mm. long, subequal to 9+ 10;
in profile view convex, except at the extreme apex, which is slightly upturned, third fourth slightly
thicker, with an inferior row of 5-7 denticles ; in dorsal view almost straight. Inferior appendage about
one-seventh shorter, reaching beyond the last inferior denticle of the superiors. Genitalia of segment 2,
with the penis projecting, shown in our figure. Legs luteous, the tarsi darker. Antero-inferior row of
spines on second femora consisting of about 22 very short ones followed by 4-5 much longer in distal
third ; on third femora of about 27 serrations followed by 4-5 longer spines in distal third.
Q. Differs from the male, in addition to the features mentioned on page 272, in having the body generally less
red and more brownish-yellow ; the abdomen attains its maximum width at the apex of segment 8(3 mm.,
apex of 10 2°2mm.). Appendages 1 mm. long, longer than segment 10, not so long as 9. Antero-inferior
row of spines on second and third femora consisting of about 15 spines on each, gradually increasing in length
* Of. the names “snake-doctor” and “snake-feeder” applied in many parts of the United States to the
Odonata. Mr. Williamson also notes that “ Agujas del Diabla” was the name given him at Santa Lucia for
Odonata.
276 NEUROPTERA.
distally, except the last, which is shorter than its predecessor.” Vulvar lamina hardly reaching beyond the
apex of segment 8, with a wide but shallow apical emargination.
¢ 9. All wings with two rows of cells in the middle of the area between the subnodal sector and the
supplementary sector next below, one row between the short sector and the supplementary sector next
below, one submedian cross-vein. Front wings with 16-19 (d), 16(Q) ante-, 10-12 (¢), 9-10(2)
postcubitals, three post-triangular rows to the level of the nodus, subsequently increasing to 4-9 (3),
5-6 (Q) marginal cells, internal triangle 3- (1S. Ger. d, 2) or 4- (2d) celled. Hind wings with
11-12(¢), 10-11(¢) ante-, 11-13 (3), 10( 2) postcubitals, two post-triangular rows, increasing
proximal to the level of separation of median and subnodal sectors.
Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara (McClendon *, coll. P. P. C.: 1 9); Guatemaza (coll.
McLachlan: 1 3), San Gerénimo, Vera Paz (Champion: 2 ¢ ).
The Guadalajara female was taken August 23, 1903; its pterostigma is longer than
that of the males (see page 272), but almost as much difference is shown by our
measurements (on the same page) from the two sexes of fugaz.
The males bear some resemblance to those of Rhodopygia cardinalis, but, in addition
to the generic differences (pages 200, 203), have the wings darker brown at base.
The specific name proposed alludes to the human tribe whose area of distribution
partly coincided with that of this species.
3. Dythemis cannacrioides, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 43, 44.)
In addition to the details given on page 272 :-—
3.
The
g.
Vertex, frons, clypeus, and occiput brown, or clypeus and the lower part of frons olive, lips brownish-
yellow to orange. Tip of vertex slightly concave, frons superiorly with a deep median longitudinal
groove. Thorax dark reddish- or greenish-brown, with a slight metallic-blue reflection on the sides, in
some also on the dorsum; a pale yellow sinuous stripe at the obsolete first lateral suture in younger
individuals, represented at later age by a minute trace (1 mm. or less) of pale yellow in front of the
metastigma ; traces of yellow at the lower ends of mes- and met-epimera, and at the extreme hind end
of the metepimeron. Mesepisterna clothed dorsally with pale hairs, which are longest anteriorly.
Abdomen above dark reddish, the bases of the segments paler, below ochreous, the longitudinal carine
and the intersegmental articulations black; segment 2 2°5-3:5 mm. wide, 4—9 narrower, subequal in
width to each other (2-2-2 mm.) or with a slight increase in width from 4(2°8 mm.) to apex of 7 (3 mm.),
thence a decrease to 10 (2 mm.), or even tapering slightly from 2 to 10. Genitalia of segment 2 shown
in Tab. VIII. fig. 44. Superior appendages 2 mm. long, subequal to segment 9, black, almost straight,
thicker in their third fourth, extreme apex directed upward, acute; in profile view, an inferior row of
10-11 denticles is visible, beginning at about one-fourth the appendage-length and ending at not quite three-
fourths thereof on the thickest part of the appendage. Inferior appendage three-fourths to four-fifths as
long as the superiors, reaching more or less beyond the last inferior denticle thereof; viewed from below,
its apex is emarginated (not shown in Tab. VIII. fig. 43), and is one-fourth to one-fifth as wide as the
greatest width just posterior to the base. Femora dark reddish-brown, tibie and tarsi blackish ; antero-
inferior row of spines on the second femora consisting of 10-16 spines, which increase in length distally,
followed by a spine usually considerably longer than its predecessor; on the third femora of 21-82 short
spines which increase in length distally (but very gradually and do not become as long as those on the
second femora), followed by a notably longer spine.
Gualan males show a little pruinosity around the bases of the legs, on the sterna of the thorax and first
abdominal segment, but not elsewhere.
The single female differs from the above description of the males in being pale brown instead of reddish
* Mr. McClendon has given a brief sketch of his itinerary in Ent. News, xvii. pp. 26-27 (1906).
DYTHEMIS.—BRECHMORHOGA. 277
or reddish-brown, in having the abdomen tapering from segments 2 (3°38 mm.) to 10 (2 mm.), mid-dorsal
longitudinal carina of 4-9 more widely black, especially on 8 and 9; appendages 15 mm. long, straight,
simple, longer than segment 10, not so long as 9; vulvar lamina not reaching to the apex of 8, with an
almost semicircular apical emargination about as wide as is the lamina (sternite of 8) itself ; legs luteous,
tarsi darker, femoral armature as described for the males.
3 Q. Front wings with one (14°/,) or two (86°/,) rows of cells between the subnodal sector and the
supplementary sector next below, one submedian cross-vein, internal triangle 3-celled (4-celled in one
wing out of 36), three post-triangular rows to at least the level of the nodus, 11-14 ante-, 7-10 post-
cubitals. Hind wing with one (66-7 °/,) or two (33°3 °/,) rows of cells between subnodal sector and
supplementary sector next below, one (25 °/,) or two (75 °/,) submedian cross-veins, two post-triangular
rows increasing to three proximal to the level of origin of subnodal sector, 8-9 ante-, 8-10 postcubitals.
The above-mentioned variations in venation are not geographical, and are not rarely asymmetrical in the
same individual. The Cacao ¢ is not included in these statistics.
Hab. Guatemata, San Isidro (Champion: 1 3), Gualan [3 ¢ ], Mazatenango [6 ¢ ]
(Williamson, coll. ejusd.) (Hine, O.S. U.: 1 3; Maxon & Hay, U.S. N. M.: 13),
Cacao in Alta Vera Paz (Barber, U.S. N. M.: 1 3 ).—Prrv (coll. R. Martin, teste Ris) ;
Braziu [1 ¢ |, Chapada [4 ¢,1 9] (H. . Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Espiritu Santo
(coll. Martin, teste Ris).
Taken at Gualan in January, at Mazatenango in February. Mr. Williamson made
the following note at the latter locality, Feb. 3, 1905:—‘‘ On twigs over water along
smaller and larger streams, in sunlight.”
The nearest ally of this species is D. constricta, Calvert *, from Brazil, from the male
of which it is separated by structural details of the appendages and genitalia, and the
colouring of frons, vertex, and abdomen.
As the proposed specific name suggests, this species has much the facies of a
Cannacria.
BRECHMORHOGA.
Brechmorhoga, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 264 (1894) ’; Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soe.
Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 301, 303, 304, 306, 312 (1898) ’.
In establishing this genus Mr. Kirby gave ! as its chief differences from Macrothemis
that the frontal tubercle [vertex] is bifid, and that the post-triangular space of the front
wings “has a loop-nervure above, enclosing 7 or 8 cells, and is half as brodd again at
the hind margin as at the triangle”; while, on the other hand, “ In Macrothemis the
frontal tubercle is not bifid, the post-triangular space on the front wings has no loop-
nervure, and the two rows of cells only increase close to the hind margin, where the
space is scarcely, if at all, broader than at the triangle.”
In spite of the much more extensive material before me now than in 1898, I still
cannot see that the shape of the vertex is sufficiently distinct to be employed as a
generic differential. I probably underestimated (/. c.?, p. 312) the constancy of the
“ loop-nervure ” (which I would call the “ supplementary sector next below the short
* Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 311, t. 1. fig. 16 (genit. 3).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1906. IO
278 . NEUROPTERA.
sector”); its presence in Brechmorhoga means that the two post-triangular rows on the
front wing usually increase to three rows well proaimal to the level of the nodus, while
in Macrothemis its absence is associated with the condition that the increase from two
to three post-triangular rows takes place distal to the nodus-level. As to the point
where this increase from two to three rows takes place, 14°/, of 186 front wings of
Brechmorhoga (exclusive of inequiunguis) vary toward Macrothemis, nearly 8°/, of 294
front wings of Macrothemis vary toward Brechmorhoga. A widening of the post-
triangular area at the wing-margin occurs in some Macrothemis even where this area
otherwise conforms to Mr. Kirby’s description just quoted.
On the whole, I have preferred to separate these two closely-allied genera by the
character of the tarsal claws (anted, pp. 201, 202). As a result, I am obliged to
transfer to Brechmorhoga the species which I originally described as Macrothemis inequi-
unguis, although its venational features correspond with Mr. Kirby’s Macrothemis.
The additional material has also rendered the separation of the species much more
difficult. Features which alter with age appear to be, in some species, the extent of
metallic-blue on the frons, of black on the labrum, and of dark colouring on the sides
of the thorax. I have therefore sought to rely upon characters not so subject to
change in the life of each individual, such as the shape and proportions of the genitalia
and the venation. The forms of Brechmorhoga which bear specific names below do
not seem to be as distinct from each other as those of Dythemis are.
It is worth mentioning that no pruinose individuals are to be found in the
Brechmorhoga which I have studied, although such frequently occur in Dythemis
and in Macrothemis.
Synopsis of the Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. Internal triangle of the front wing 2- or more celled.
B. Males having the hind wings with two post-triangular rows from the
triangle out; or, in some, with a single cell reaching the entire distance
across from the short sector to the first sector of the triangle, followed
immediately by two rows; genital lobe as prominent as the anterior
lamina; superior appendages with inferior denticles, but no tooth.
Females with the eleventh abdominal tergite (“ anal tubercle ”’) -5—-7 mm.
in length, half as long as the abdominal appendages, hairy, rounded at
tip. Pale spot on each side of dorsum of abdominal segment 7, in both
sexes, at least almost half as wide as each side.
C. Hind wings with 2(¢), 2-8 (2) rows of cells between the proximal
sub-basal sector (A; of C. & N.) and the wing-margin posterior to the
membranule *, 8°5-10 mm. wide at the arculus and at the nodus;
abdomen of the males longer than the hind wing.
* All Brechmorhoga spp., 3 2, have three rows of cells between A, and the membranule and for usually
BRECHMORHOGA.
D. Abdominal segment 3 with the longitudinal green stripe on each side
of the dorsum not confluent with the transverse basal green line;
labrum usually margined with brown (younger) or black (older),
especially at the sides. Males with the hamule strongly curved
throughout its length, its apex blunt*, the metallic blue of the
superior and anterior surfaces of the frons extending also on to
the lateral surfaces thereof, no posterior process to the genital lobe.
Females with the lobes of the vulvar lamina shorter than the width
of the interval separating them, this interval much wider at the
apices of the lobes than deep; abdomen subequal in length to
the hind wing. Abdomen, $ 36-40, 9 36-38 ; hind wing, 3 32-35,
? 36-388 mm.
DD. Abdominal segment 8 with the longitudinal, green stripe on each side
CC.
of the dorsum confluent with the transverse basal green line; labrum
pale, unmarked. Males with the hamule not so strongly curved,
nearly straight in the middle, bent near the apex, which is acute t,
the metallic-blue of the superior and anterior surfaces of the frons
not extending on to the lateral surfaces thereof. Females with the
lobes of the vulvar lamina longer than the width of the interval
separating them, this interval narrower (at the apices of the lobes)
than deep; abdomen longer than the hind wing (¢ of postlobata
unknown).
E. Genital lobe of male with no posterior process. Abdomen, ¢ 36-39'5,
? 388-40; hind wing, ¢ 31-34, 2 82:5-36 mm. .
EE. Genital lobe of male with a posterior process. g. Abdomen,
36-39°5, hind wing 80°5-34'°5 mm.
°
Hind wings with 8 (g), 3-42) rows of cells between A, and the
wing-margin posterior to the membranule, 10°5-13 mm. wide at
arculus, 10-12 mm. wide at nodus; genital lobe of the males with no
posterior process.
F. Abdomen of the male longer than the hind wing, hamule strongly
curved throughout, but not tapering to the apex, which is, however,
acute. Proportions of the lobes of the vulvar lamina similar to
those above stated for vivaz. Abdomen, § 36-48, 2 37-45; hind
wing, ¢ 34°5-39'5, 9 36°5-43 mm.
FF. Abdomen of the male shorter than the hind wing.
G. Hamule of the male not equally curved throughout, but almost
straight in its middle, bent near the apex, which is less acute and
1. vivax.
2. precox.
3. postlobata.
4. mendaz.
2
a short distance behind the membranule ; the above synopsis has reference to the area which follows these.
three rows.
* The shape of the hamule of vivax ¢ is shown on Tab. VIII. figg. 46-48.
t The shape of the hamule of pracox ¢ is shown on Tab. VIIL. fig. 49..
20
2
9
280 NEUROPTERA.
less tapering than in rapaz* (on the whole similar to that of
precox) ; vulvar lamina similar to that of mendax ; pale spots on
segment 7 variable. Abdomen, ¢ 36-39, ¢ 89; hind wing,
3d 89-42,29 43mm. . . . . 1 ee ew ew ee ee OS per tinar.
GG. Hamule of the male* strongly and equally curved throughout
and tapering to an acute apex; vulvar lamina rounded at apex,
slightly divided, but the two divisions in contact with each other
throughout; pale spot on each side of the dorsum of abdominal
segment 7 nearly, or equally, as wide as the side on which it lies.
Abdomen, 3 345-36, ? 30-36; hind wing, J 37-42,2?3942mm. 6. repax.
BB. Males having the hind wings with one post-triangular row from triangle
out for usually at least three cells, genital lobe half, or less than half, as
prominent as the anterior lamina, hamule equally curved throughout,
tapering to an acute apex, superior appendages with an inferior tooth.
Females with the eleventh abdominal tergite 1-1:2 mm. in length, as
long as the abdominal appendages, hairless and polished superiorly,
almost pointed at tip. Pale spots on dorsum of abdominal segment 7,
in both sexes, represented by one or two longitudinal lines or spots less
than one-fourth as wide as each side of the dorsum. (Dimensions given
posted.) . 2 1 6 ew ew we ee ee ew ee ew ew 7. neubecula.
AA. Internal triangle of the front wing one-celled, the bridge cross-vein on all
wings usually antenodal +, hind wings with 1 (¢) or 2(@) post-triangular
rows and 2 (¢) or 3 (?) rows of cells between A; and the wing-margin
posterior to the membranule; males with the superior appendages having
an inferior postmedian tooth and the abdomen greatly widened on segments
7and 8. Abdomen, $ 21-27, ? 238-29; hind wing, J 23-29, 9 26-34mm. . 8. inequiunguis.
1. Brechmorhoga vivax, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 46-48 f.)
Brechmorhoga precoz (pars), Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 815 (1898) (Bkistebu, ¢),
Supplementing the description given on page 279, some variations may be mentioned. A male from Atoyac
taken by Schumann has the green stripe of abdominal segment 3 confluent with the transverse basal green
line as described on page 279 for precow; the male from Jalapa has the same marks confluent, its hamule
(fig. 48) approaches somewhat that of pracow. The two males from Caché and that from Panama (coll.
McLach.) have three rows of cells in a considerable part of the area between A, and the margin of the
hind wings, but in other characters agree with our diagnosis.
Median labial lobe dark brown or black, lateral lobes yellow unmarked, elypeus pale green, thorax maroon-
brown, an antehumeral, a mesepimeral and a metepimeral stripe, a metepisternal line, and often much of
the metasternum, green ; as usual, the antehumeral stripe is wider at its upper end, where it is produced
at a right angle toward (but not touching) its fellow of the opposite side ; the two epimeral stripes are
* Hamules of type specimens of pertinax and of rapax are figured on plate 1 of my paper in Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii.
+ It is situated ‘5 mm., or more, proximal to the subnodus of Prof. Needham (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi.
p. 711, and sn fig. 3, p. 708).
+ When the Explanation to Tab. VIII. was printed I believed that these figures were likewise to be referred
to pracow ; a correction should consequently be made.
BRECHMORHOGA. . 281
each about -7 mm. wide; abdomen dark brown, becoming blackish posteriorly, with the following pale
green or yellowish markings: one on each side of segment 1, three on each side of 2, a longitudinal stripe
on each side of 3-7, broken into a shorter anterior and a longer posterior piece on 3-5, reduced to a mere
vestige on 6, on 7 slightly less than half as wide as the side of the dorsum on which it lies, a transverse
basal line on each side of 3 (see p. 279).
Front wings with 12-14 ante-, 6-9 (usually 7) posteubitals; hind wings with 8-10 (usually 9) ante-, 7-10
postcubitals. Of 50 ¢$ hind wings, 36 (or 72 °/,) had a (one of them two) single cell reaching the entire
distance from short sector to first sector of the triangle just distal to the triangle; of 36 2 hind wings
but 1 (2°8°/,) had such a cell, leaving 14 ¢ 35 9 hind wings in which the two post-triangular rows
begin immediately at the triangle ; this difference in the males is not correlated with locality, and is
often asymmetrical, as in the female concerned. The ? from Trece Aguas has the apices of the front
wings brown inward to the 4th postcubital.
3. Abdomen considerably narrower at the base of segment 4 (1 mm.) than at 2 (25-3 mm.), thence gradually
widening to 8 (1:8 mm.), 10 narrower.
Superior appendages 2 mm. in length, not so long as segments 9 and 10, longer than 9, of a form very similar
to that already figured for mendazx (q.v.), with about nine inferior denticles on the third fourth.
Q. Abdomen gradually narrowing from segment 2 (3 mm.) to the base of 6(1-1°5 mm.), thence widening to 9
(2:5-3 mm.), 10 narrower. Appendages 1 mm. long, longer than segment 10, not so long as 9.
Hab. Mexico, Jalapa (Hay, U. S. N. M.: 1 3), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann:
16 3, 17 9), Tuxtla (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), all in Vera Cruz; Guatemata,
San Felipe (Maxon & Hay, U. S. N. M.: 1 6), Mazatenango [1 9 ], Santa Lucia
[2 2], Escuintla [2 9] (Williamson, coll. ejusd.) (Hine, O. 8. U.: 1 2), Zapote
(Champion, 43,12), Trece Aguas in Alta Vera Paz (Barber, U. S. N. M.: 1 2);
Costa Rica, Carrillo [1 3 ], Puriscal [1 ¢ ], San José [1 ¢, 1 2 ] (Underwood) (Biolley :
1 2), Caché (Rogers: 2 3), Bkistebu, Diquis Valley (biolley, coll. Adams: 1 3);
Panama (coll. McLachlan: 1 3).
Taken in January and February (Guatemala, Bkistebu), March (S. José), April and
May (Atoyac), August (Jalapa, Tuxtla), and October (S. José).
Of the specimens taken at Escuintla, Jan. 31, 1905, Mr. Williamson noted: “ Ovi-
positing in rapids. Flight very swift and Gomphine- or Corduline-like, close to the
water and following the shore.”
B. vivax is much like precor, and formerly I confused the two species. Their
differences are given on page 2/9. They occur together in some localities at the same
time, ¢. g. Atoyacin May, S. Felipe (vivax Feb. 22, precox Feb. 23, 1905), Mazatenango
(Feb. 3), Santa Lucia (vivax Jan. 31, Feb. 2, precox Jan. 31, 1905), Zapote.
2. Brechmorhoga precox. (Tab. VIII. fig. 49.)
Dythemis precox, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 164 (1861) '; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 34 (1890) ”.
Brechmorhoga precox, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 315, t. 2. figg. 25, 29 (spot
on 7, vulv. lam. 2 type) (1898) * (type ? only).
The type of Hagen, a female, has the abdomen 37 mm., the hind wing 33 mm. in Jength. Mr. Henshaw, with
his usual kindness, has recently re-examined the type for me and writes that it has two rows of cells
increasing to three posteriorly on the hind wings between A, and the anal margin, and that the markings
on abdominal segment 3 are confluent, as stated on page 279.
The following notes based on the material from Gualan, all taken between Jan, 11 and 23, 1905, indicate the
282 NEUROPTERA.
amount of variation displayed by this species at one locality. No other species of Brechmorhoga was
taken at Gualan. Labrum yellow, only in a few males a brown dot on each side. Pale spot on each side
of the dorsum of segment 7 slightly more than half as wide as that side on which it lies, Wings brownish-
yellow or brownish at base to the submedian cross-vein or not so far, in both sexes; in the rest of their
area, slightly yellowish or only so between the triangle and stigma (g); pale yellow throughout, or only
so between the triangle and stigma, or brownish-yellow throughout, or uncoloured except for the apex
of the front wing, which is brownish in as far as the third or fourth postcubital, or pale yellowish
throughout with the apex of the front wing brownish as just described (2). I am not able to correlate
these differences in wing-colouring with age. Front wings: post-triangular rows to level of nodus 2, 3,
62:5 7/5 5, 98:3 /o 23 2, 8, 2,124 9/, dg; 2 only, 25°/, 5, 1:7 %/o 23 discoidal triangle free, 42 lo ds
38 °/, 2; 2-celled, 58 °/, 5, 62 °/, 9; internal triangle free, 2 °/, 3, 2-celled, 103 °/, 3, d-celled,
874 °/, $, 100 °/, 9; costal edge of stigma 2-25 mm. ¢, 25-3 mm. 2; ante- 11-13, postcubitals
5-8(¢6 @). Hind wings: length 32-34 mm. ¢, 32°5-36 mm. 9; width at arculus 85-95 mm. (¢),
85-10 mm.(@) ; width at nodus 8-9°5 mm. (¢), 9-10°5 mm. (2); rows of cells between A, and wing-
margin posterior to membranule 2, 100 °/, ¢, 85 °/, 9; 2, interrupted with 3 cells, 15-5 °/, 2; 2, 3,
173 °/, 2; 8, 58-5 %/, 2; asingle cell reaching from short sector to first sector of triangle, 10°5 %/, d,
7 °%/y 2, no such single cell, but the two post-triangular rows beginning immediately at the triangle,
89-5 °/, 5,93, Q 3 ante- 8-10(¢ 2), postcubitals 7-9 (¢), 7-10(Q2). Abdomen, ¢ 36-39°5 mm.,
© 38-40°5 mm.
Hab. Muxico1, Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 3 3,1 2), San Lorenzo Cordova
(Trujillo: 5 &, 1 2), Orizaba [1 3], Cuernavaca [1 2] (Lower, coll. P. P. C.)
(Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P.C.: 1 3, 2 2), Teapa (H. H. Smith: 13, 2 2);
Guatemala, Gualan [24 ¢, 29 2], Zacapa [7 3], El Rancho [1 ¢ |, Santa Lucia
[1 ¢,1 9], Mazatenango [1 2] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wiimsn., O. S. U.),
San Felipe (Maron & Hay, U. S. N. M.: 16,12), Zapote (Champion: 1 3);
Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 9 ).—Cotompta (coll. Westcott: 1 ¢), Bonda
[4 3, 5 Q], Cacagualito [2 ¢ ] and Onaca [1 9] in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pittsb.).
Taken in January and February (Guatemala, Teapa), May (Atoyac), July (Bonda),
August (Cuernavaca), September (id., Orizaba, Cacagualito), October (Cuernavaca),
November (Onaca), December (Bonda).
Mr. Williamson made these notes:—‘ Gualan. Jan. 14,1905. Flies high and is
very wary during the day. All specimens taken about sundown as they hunted resting-
places about brush, usually the thickest places—brush covered densely with Con-
volvulus.’ “Kl Rancho, Jan. 25,1905. Flies like a Corduline and, like Macromia,
alights on the underside of twigs, abdomen hanging. The above remarks apply also to
habits of same species as observed at Gualan.”
Intermediate between precox and mendaxt—A male each from Huatusco (coll.
Adams) and Coatepec (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.) in Vera Cruz, and three males from
Cuernavaca (Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P. C.), October, while aliied to precox are not
typical. They have the apex of the hamule thicker and not so acute, two and three
rows alternating in the area between A, and the margin of the hind wings, labrum
chiefly black, only its base pale: abdomen 37-41 mm.; hind wing 35-37 mm., its
width at arculus 10—11, at nodus 10-10°5 mm.
BRECHMORHOGA. 283
8. Brechmorhoga postlobata.
Brechmorhoga postlobata, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 313, 314, t. 1. fig. 13
(gen. lobe ¢), t. 2. fig. 26 (spot on 7) (1898)*; Proc. Calif. Acad, Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 392,
t. 25. fig. 12 (genit. of 2, 9) (1899) *.
The male from Rio Papagaio has the metepimeron chiefly pale blue, a blue stripe ‘7 mm. wide on the
. mesepimeron, a faint blue metepisternal line, the rest of the side of the thorax dark brown. The male
from Venta de Zopilote has the side of the thorax dark brown with the usual mes- and met-epimeral pale
stripes and metepisternal line. The examples from Tepetlapa are intermediate between the two
preceding. These differences and those mentioned in the descriptions? of the types from Tepic and
Mazatlan are due to age, I think.
Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Crotch, M. C. Z.1*), Tepic!? (Hisen & Vaslit, coll.
P. P. C.: 18), Tepetlapa [2 3], Venta de Zopilote [1 ¢ ], and Rio Papagaio [1 ¢ ] in
Guerrero (H. fH. Smith).
The Tepic types were taken in November, all the other specimens in October.
' Postlobata is the Pacific slope form of precox, and may be merely of subspecific
rank,
4. Brechmorhoga mendax.
Dythemis mendax, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 164 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvi.
p. 75 (1875)?; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 529, t. 16. figg. 56, 57 (apps.,
hamule, ¢) (1895) *.
Brechmorhoga mendax, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. XXViii. p. 313, t. 1. fig. 5 (tarsal claw),
t. 2. figg. 23, 80 (spot on 7, vulv. lam. 9) (1898) *; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 891
(1899) *.
Had. Unrrep States, San Antonio 24, Round Mt.4 [1 6], and Pecos River +‘, all in
Texas; Lower Ca.irornta, Sierra Laguna 3, San José del Cabo [Eisen: 1 ¢, 1 9]
(coll. P. P. C.).—Mexico, Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit°).
Taken from July to November at one or other of the above-cited localities #~°.
5. Brechmorhoga pertinax. (Tab. VIII. fig. 38.)
Dythemis pertinax, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 166 (1861) *.
Brechmorhoga pertinax, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Xxvili. pp. 313, 316, t. 1. fig. 20
(genit. 2, ¢), t. 2. fig. 21 (spot on 7) (1898) *.
? Dythemis sallei, Selys, C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. xi. p. lxvii (1867) ° (in part.) *.
Hagen describes * the abdomen as “a little longer than the wings,” but as the presumed type in the M. C. Z.
has the abdomen 39 mm., the hind wing 41 mm.’, the specimens here referred to pertinax have the
* Dr. F. Ris wrote to me as follows under date of 2. iii. 05:—“There is a serious difficulty about
B. sallei. ‘The old Mexican types are of two distinct species. One of them is a form of B. pracox (I received
the same form from Cuernavaca from Mr. Barrett, and no doubt you will have seen many of them). The
other is a distinct species (not yet mentioned in your paper on Macrothenis and allies); in this latter the
284 NEUROPTERA.
abdomen shorter than the hind wing. Mr. Henshaw writes me that the type has 4 rows between A, and
the anal angle of hind wings, decreasing to 3 basally and posteriorly.
Considering the form of the genital hamule of the male to be the principal specific differential from rapa,
I have here included examples showing much colour-variation.
a. The pale spot on each side of the dorsum of abdominal segment 7 about half as wide as that side, as in
the type’.
The Cuernavaca examples have the metallic blue on the frons stopping short of the inferior margin by a
distance equal to 4-2 of the height of the vertex, and not extending on to the lateral surfaces ; labrum
yellow (its free margin narrowly black, 3); lateral labial lobes yellow (their inner margin narrowly
black, ¢). Abdomen, ¢ 36-88, 2 39; hind wing, ¢ 40-42, 9 43 mm. Front wing: ante- 13-15,
postcubitals 8-10. Hind wing: ante- 9-10, postcubitals 9-12.
The two females from Atoyac have the labrum almost or entirely black, inner half of lateral Jabial lobes
black ; one is apparently immature, but has the frons superiorly and laterally ill-defined metallic blue; the
other, older, has the frons superiorly luteous, inferiorly reddish-brown. Abdomen 35, hind wing 37 mm,
. Front wing: 13-14 ante-, 7-8 postcubitals. Hind wing: 9-10 ante-, 9 postcubitals.
The Guatemalan specimens have the metallic blue of the frons stopping short of the inferior margin by a
distance equal to 4 of the height of the vertex and reaching also on to the lateral surfaces ; labrum
black with a small yellow spot at base (except in one from S. Gerdnimo the labrum is yellow with the
middle of the free margin black); lateral labial lobes varying from yellow with the inner posterior fourth
black, to almost entirely black with a small pale spot on the outer margin. Abdomen, ¢ 36-38, 2 38;
hind wing, ¢ 39-40, 9 88 mm. Front wing: 13-16 ante-, 8-10 postcubitals. Hind wing: 9-11
ante-, 10-12 postcubitals.
No female of this species has hitherto been described. That from Cuernavaca has the vulvar lamina reaching
not quite to the apex of the lateral margins of 8, bilobed, the two lobes diverging at 90°, the interval
between them wider than deep, each lobe about -25 mm. long, rounded. The vulvar lamina of the
S. Gerdnimo female agrees in as far as it has not been damaged.
Three hind wings of all the present material (both sides of 1 ¢ S. Gerdénimo, one side Purula 3) have a single
cell reaching from short sector to first sector of the triangle, followed by two rows; all others have two
post-triangular rows beginning immediately at the triangle.
Hab. Mexico1?, Atoyac (Schumann: 2 9), Cuernavaca (coll. Deam: 5 6,192);
GuATEMALA, Purula [1 ¢ |, San Gerdénimo [12 3,1 2 ] (Champion).
The Cuernavaca examples were taken in July.
b. The pale spot on each side of the dorsum of abdominal segment 7 as wide as that side, in this respect:
resembling the Central-American representatives of rapax.
The material at hand is like the Guatemalan specimens noted above under a in the colouring of frons, labrum,
and labial lobes. There is but one row of cells between the subnodal sector and the supplementary sector
7th segment is entirely orange-yellow, except a very narrow apical line. This exists in the Selys Collection
from Panama, in René Martin’s from Chiriqui, then I have seen it from Honduras, and one of the old salleei
types, a female, is of this species. Evidently the description has been taken from both.”
Combining the information contained in this passage with the original description, I think that the salle
type im which “the 7th segment is entirely orange-yellow,” &c., is probably of that form of pertinax marked b
in the text above, but whether the other sallax type, ‘‘a form of pracowx,” is strictly precox as I have
recognized it on pages 279, 281, or belongs to the “ Intermediates between precow and mendax” of page 282,
supra, can only be decided by a renewed study of the salle type.
A feature of sallwi which de Selys believed to be important and diagnostic, “ triangle discoidal des ailes
supérieures ..... suivi immédiatement de trois cellules, puis de deux rangs”*, is found symmetrically in
one, asymmetrically in four, of the seventeen specimens which I refer to pertinaxz 6. Therefore I cannot regard
this feature as having the value which he ascribed to it.
BRECHMORHOGA. 285
next below (cf. rapax, infri). None of the hind wings show a single cell reaching from short sector to
first sector of the triangle. The vulvar lamina of the females is as described under a, above. The
hamule of the males is a little more strongly curved than in typical pertinax, but is unmistakably nearer
thereto than to that of rapax. Abdomen, ¢ 35°5-38, 9 37-38; hind wing, g 37-39, 9 40-41°5 mm.
Front wing: 13-16 ante-, 9-11 postcubitals. Hind wing: 9-12 ante-, 10-13 postcubitals.
Hab. t Mexico, Orizaba?; Guatemata (A. WM. N. H.: 1); tHonpuras (vide
page 284, footnote); Costa Rica, Irazu [10 3g, 2 2], Caché [2 o, 2 2 | (Rogers);
t Panama, ?Chiriqui (vide page 284, footnote).
6. Brechmorhoga rapax.
Brechmorhoga rapax, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 313, 316, t. 1. fig. 17 (genit.
of 2, 3), t. 2. fig. 24 (spot on 7) (1898) ’.
The present material differs from the description’ in having the pale spot on each side of the dorsum of segment 7
as wide as that side, and reaching from the anterior almost to the posterior margin of the segment, and not
bilobed. Even less than the posterior inner fourth of the lateral labial lobes may be black. Labrum
black, with two pale spots at base, or one larger spot by confluence of the two. Wings colourless to
brownish-yellow, even in the same locality (Carrillo).
The metallic-blue extends on to the sides of the frons. No single cells reach from short sector to the first sector
of the triangle on the hind wings. A tendency to depart from some of the generic characters assigned to
Brechmorhoga on page 201 is seen in the circumstance that in 19 front wings (68 °/,) and 13 hind
wings (46 °/,) there are two rows of cells between the subnodal sector and supplementary sector next
below, this irrespective of locality, and that the nodus in some hind wings lies midway between base
and stigma.
Front wings: 13-18 ante-, 10-14 postcubitals. Hind wings: 11-13 ante-, 11-16 postcubitals.
Hab. Guaremata (Van Patten, M. C. Z.: 1 3), San Gerénimo (Champion: 2 3);
Costa Rica, Carrillo [3 ¢, 1 2), Monte Retondo 1[ ¢ ], San José [1 2 ] (Underwood),
Caché (Rogers: 5 3 ).— VENEZUELA}.
Taken in January at Monte Retondo, in March at San José.
The above-mentioned variations from the generic characters are noteworthy.
7. Brechmorhoga nubecula.
Libellula nubecula, Ramb. Névr. p. 122 (1842) °.
Brechmorhoga nubecula, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxvii. pp. 313, 314, t. 1. fig. 18
(genit. of 2, d), t. 2. fig. 22 (markings of 7) (1898) *.
Macrothemis catharina, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. pp. 364, 366 (1890) °.
Brechmorhoga grenadensis, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. p. 315 (1898) * (Chiriqui ¢
only).
None of the three Mexican specimens are fully mature, and all have lost at least the last four abdominal
segments. The two males have the venational and genital characters as given under BB on page 280,
and are surely conspecific with the South-American specimens quoted. The female, most immature of
the three, is more doubtful and is chiefly referred here by reason of its having been taken at the same
place and time as one of the males.
The South-American material shows a number of differences inter se, and I have thrown these together in
tabular form to indicate the relations of the Mexican examples.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1906. 9 p
286 NEUROPTERA.
Males. Females.
[33 jj £8 ; iad 2B lad £3
e272 )2)/.,/281. a2 iS, lec3| se [S$] #5
3 sR Om 5 3 a Sp
5 Oo |o |x |e ma 5 ° oa) = 4
Length of abdomen inmm. ..........-- 30 30?| 33) ? ? | 83-36 | 2? || 335 | 35-36 36
Length of hind wing in mm............. 28°5-30°5| 29 | 31 | 32 | 83.) 35:5 36 || 33-34 | 35-35°5 |38°5 |87:5-38°5
at arculusinmm. | 85 |85 | 9 | 95) 9 | 10-10°5/10:2/ 10 {10°3-10-5/10°5| 10-8-12
Width of hind wing
at nodus in mm. .. 8 8 | 92) 95) 9 | 95-10 | 10 10 | 10-10°5 |10°7) 11-11°5
Number of rows of cells between A, and
margin, hind wing .........---eee- 2 2);2);2) 2 2-3 3 3 3 4
Number of cells in internal triangle, front
WING Lee ee eee cee etree 1-2 2),2);2) 2 1-3 2 | 2-3 2-3 2-3
T do not see any good grounds for specifically separating any of these specimens from the others. The length
of the inferior appendage of the male varies from six-tenths to nine-tenths of that of the superiors
(or more exactly the superiors vary absolutely in length) in the males from Rio Janeiro. The wings
of the females vary from almost colourless to deep yellow in the basal two-fifths, the remainder more or
less smoky (Rio Janeiro).
Hab. Mexico, Misantla (F. D. G.: 18,12), Teapa (H. H. Smith: 1 3); Panama,
Chiriqui (coll. Adams: 1 ¢ +).—CotomBia, Onaca in Dept. Magdalena [1 ¢ ]; Braz}?
[4 ¢, 1 2], Chapada [7 ¢, 3 2], Rio Janeiro [38 ¢, 6 9] (H. H. Smith, Carn.
Mus. Pittsb.), Theresopolis in Santa Catharina 3 ; Paraguay, Sapucay (foster, U. S.
N. M.: 2 2).
The dates of occurrence are given in the above table.
The sexual difference, that the males have one, the females two, post-triangular
rows on the hind wings, was pointed out by Prof. Karsch?, and is constant for this
species, B. ineguiunguis, and some species of Macrothemis. Some tendency in the
same direction is seen in B. vivax (cf. page 281), to a slighter degree in B. pertinar
(page 284), not at all in rapar (page 285), while in precor a few of both sexes show
some reduction in this area (page 282).
For part of the synonymy given above I am indebted to Dr. Ris, who wrote to me
(2. iii. 705): “ Macrothemis catharina, Karsch, too, is a Brechmorhoga, and there is
very little doubt of its identity with B. nubecula, Rbr.”
8. Brechmorhoga inequiunguis.
Macrothemis inequiunguis, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 583, t. 16. figg. 84, 40-45
(details ¢ 2) (1895)*; (3) Zool. i. p. 394 (1899) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 317,
319, t. 1. fig. 2 (tarsal claw) (1898) °.
BRECHMORHOGA. 287
Macrothemis vulgipes, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 817, 320 (1898)*; Kirby,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 8365 (1899) °.
That the male from Chili * does not represent a geographical race, or subspecies, is shown by the fact that the
present male from Dos Arroyos agrees in all respects with the description*, except that it is a little
larger. See also the notes on the Tepic examples ?.
The females are much more variable in colouring than the males, which fact led to the description of vulgipes
as a distinct species*. Of the differences given * to separate them, that based on the predominant colour
of abdominal segments 1-7 is probably due to age, as the females from Tocoy and Zapote, all with wings
as in the types of inequiwnguis', show a transition from predominance of pale to that of dark on these
segments, accompanying an evident hardening of the chitin. That the colouring of the wings does not
constitute a specific difference is evident from the following notes. In the females from Santa Lucia,
Escuintla, and San Felipe none of the apices of the wings are brown; the yellow at the bases reaches out
to the distal angle of the discoidal triangles, beyond which the wings are colourless, pale yellow, or
pale brownish-yellow: abd. 23-25, hind wing 25-5-28 mm. Of the four females from Ruatan Island,
two have the apices of only the jront wings brown inward to the last or penult postcubital, the third has
the merest trace of brown on the apices of the front wings only ; all three have the bases of the wings
yellow as above and the rest of the wings clear; the fourth female has the wings smoky throughout,
but not darker at the apices, the bases more yellowish out to the discoidal triangles: abd. 24:5, hind
wing 27-28 mm, The Atoyac females have the apices of only the front wings slightly smoky to the
inner end of the stigma or colourless, yellow at base reaching out to first or second antenodal, rest of
the wings colourless: abd. 27-5-29°5, hind wing 31-34 mm. JI can find no structural differences
between these various females.
The males from Atoyac and Rio de Janeiro furnish the largest, that from Ecuador the smallest, of the
dimensions given on page 280.
Hab. Lower Cauirornia, Sierra El Taste +, Miraflores! [2 ¢ ], San José del Cabo 4
[4 ¢,2 2 | (Eisen & Vaslit, coll. P. P. C.).—Muexico, Tepic (Eisen & Vaslit *), Atoyac
(Schumann: 1 3, 8 2) [2 9] in Vera Cruz, Dos Arroyos [1 ¢ ] in Guerrero, Teapa
[1 ¢ |] (4. Z. Smith) in Tabasco; Guaremana, San Felipe (Maron & Hay, U.S. N. M.:
13,12), Tocoy [8 @ |, San Gerénimo [1 ¢ ], Zapote [1 g, 1 2 | (Champion), Cacao
in Alta Vera Paz (Barber, U.S. N. M.: 1 2), Escuintla [1 9], Santa Lucia [5 ¢,
10 2 | (Williamson, coll. ejusd.) (Hine, O. S. U.: 1g, 1 2); Honpuras, Ruatan I,
(Gaumer: 49); Costa Rica, Esparta (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 13); Panama‘, Chiriqui 4
(coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢, 1 2), La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler *)—Co.omBta, Onaca in
Dept, Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 3); Ecvapor® (coll. C. C,
Adams: 1 3); Braz, Rio Janeiro (H. A. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 2 3); Cutz.
Taken in January (Esparta), February (Teapa, Guatemala), May (Atoyac), September
(Dos Arroyos, Lower California), October (S. José del Cabo), Noyember (Tepic, Rio
Janeiro), and December (Onaca).
Mr. Williamson noted of both sexes of this species, ‘‘ Santa Lucia, Jan. 31, 1905.
Hawks away from water along bananarfields and over low vegetation.”
288 NEUROPTERA.
MACROTHEMIS.
Macrothemis, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxix. p. 281 (1868)1; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
Xvill. p. 734 (1868) *; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 262, 297 (1889) *; Cat. Odon.
pp. 83, 181 (1890) *; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 472 (1895) °; Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 301, 303, 306, 317 (1898) °.
Under Brechmorhoga, page 277, are given some remarks on this American genus.
Synopsis of the Mexican and Central-American Species.
A. Abdomen blackish-brown with green or yellow stripes and spots on segments
1-7, pruinose in old males ; hind wings with 1 (¢:) or 2 (?) post-triangular
rows, 1( 3) or 2 ( 2) cells between the posterior angle of the triangle and A,
immediately opposite; apices of the superior appendages of the males acute.
B. Pale green antehumeral stripe T-shaped, or more frequently the T broken
into a longitudinal (=stem of the T) and a superior transverse (=cross-
piece of the T) stripe which are not confluent; hind wing with 2 (¢)
or 3 (2) rows of cells between and parallel to A; and the anal “ angle,’
1 (g) or 2 (2) postcostal cells between the proximal angle of the
triangle and the point of origin of the distal subbasal sector (A, of
Comstock and Needham); abdomen not widened on segments 7 and 8.
Abdomen, ¢ 27-28, 9? 26-27'5; hind wing, ¢ 22-23, 9 25-27 mm. . 1. musiva.
BB. Pale green antehumeral stripe wedge-shaped ; hind wing with 3 rows of
cells between and parallel to A; and the anal angle, at least 2 (¢ ?)
postcostal cells between the proximal angle of the triangle and the point
of origin of A, ; abdomen of the male much wider on segments 7 and 8,
the superior appendages with an inferior row of denticles on the second
fourth, but no tooth.
C. Sides of thorax predominantly dark brown with four pale spots: one
on the lower part of the mesepimeron *, one on the upper part of the
metepisternum, two on the metepimeron placed obliquely one above
the other; males with the antehumeral stripe reaching forward almost
to the anterior mesothoracic border, apex of the inferior appendage
one-third to one-fourth as wide as at base and only slightly notched.
Abdomen, 3g 27-29, 2 265-285; hind wing, ¢ 29-32, 2 80-
825mm. 2 1 we ee ee ee ee ee ew we. 2. pseudimitans.
CC. Sides of thorax predominantly pale green or yellow with brown stripes
on the first and second lateral thoracic sutures, the latter sending a
branch downward on to the metasternum; males with the ante-
humeral stripe reaching forward only half-way to the anterior
mesothoracic border, apex of inferior appendage three-fifths to almost
as wide as at base and bifid one-fifth-way to base. Abdomen, $ 23-26,
2 23-27; hind wing, ¢ 25-28, 2 27-830 mm. . . .. .. +. . 8. hemichlora.
* In 1898 I incorrectly spoke® of two spots on the mesepimeron, instead of the expression adopted above
(cf. 1. c. t. 2. figg. 35, 36).
MACROTHEMIS. 289
AA. Abdomen luteous or pale brown, sutures and carinz black, not wider on seg-
ments 7 and 8 ; pale green antehumeral stripe of the form of an inverted L
turned toward its fellow of the opposite side; a small, pale, inferior spot
on each of the mes- and metepimera; hind wings with two post-triangular
rows, often preceded by a single cell reaching from short sector to first
sector of the triangle, 3 (¢) or 4 (2) rows of cells between and parallel
to A, and the anal “ angle,” and at least 2 (3 2) postcostal cells between
the proximal angle of the triangle and the point of origin of A, ; apices
of the superior appendages of the males not acute but rounded. Abdomen,
¢ 80°5-35, 2 30-82°5; hind wing, ¢ 31°5-33, 9 32-86mm. . . . . 4. inacuta.
1. Macrothemis musiva. (Tab. IX. figg. 43-45.)
Macrothemis musiva, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviil. pp. 318, 326, t. 2. fig. 31 (pattern
of side of thorax) (1898) '.
g (hitherto undescribed). Differs from the description’ of the female in having the dark metallic-violet of
the superior surface of the frons extending also on the anterior surface downward almost to the inferior
margin; antehumeral stripe as in the type females or T-shaped (the Teapa males give all transitions,
even asymmetrically), as indicated on page 288, anted, brown point on the metepimeron absent in two
of the Teapa specimens; teeth of the second femora small and more than 25 in number, directed
toward the knee, those of the third femora larger, 14-22 (Teapa examples) directed toward the
trochanter ; abdomen 13 mm. wide at segment 2, ‘5 mm. wide at the middle of 3, thence gradually
widening to 9 (1 mm.), longitudinal yellow stripes on 4~7 interrupted for shorter intervals, except in the
(older ?) Colombian males, no other yellow markings above the lateral carinze on 5-9 ; superior appendages
1-5 mm. in length, longer than segment 9, not so long as 9 and 10, curved downward in the proximal half,
curved more strongly upward in the apical half, apex moderately acute, inferiorly at three-fifths-length
is a tooth whose proximal slope bears about five very small denticles; viewed from above the superior
appendages are thickest at two-thirds-length ; inferior appendage rather slender, its apex one-fourth to
one-fifth as wide as its base, reaching to very slightly beyond the inferior tooth of the superiors.
Genitalia of segment 2: anterior lamina hairy, very slightly bilobed at tip; hamule more prominent
than the other parts, very slender, tapering gradually to an extremely acute apex ; genital lobe least
prominent, hairy, about as long dorso-ventrally as wide antero-posteriorly. Wings colourless or very
faintly yellow, some minute traces of brown at the bases of the great veins.
©. The examples from Sapucay exhibit additional variations in wing-colouring. One has the wings
~ ancoloured, except for deep yellow at the bases out to the third antecubital for the whole width on the
front pair, back to slightly beyond the membranule on the hind pair. A second has the wings smoky
throughout, deep yellow at the bases out to distal angle of the discoidal triangle (front), or one cell
beyond (hind), for the whole width of the wings. The third has the wings smoky throughout, except
between base and triangle for the whole width of the hind pair ; pale yellow, ill-defined, at the bases of
both pairs reaches out to about the second antecubital, for almost the whole width on the front pair, on
the hind pair back to the apex of the membranule.
Some additional particulars concerning this species are given on page 288.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 3 ¢).—Cotomsia, Bonda [1 ¢]
and Onaca [1 3] in Dept. Magdalena; Braziu', Canta Gallo 1, Chapada [2 ¢ ], Rio
Janeiro [1 o] (A. Z. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.); Paracuay, Sapucay (Foster,
U.S. N. M.: 3 2).
- Taken in January (Teapa, Sapucay), February (Teapa), and December (Bonda, Onaca).
M. musiva differs from pumila, Karsch, described from Bahia, Brazil, by its larger
size, two post-triangular rows in the hind wings of the female, &c.
290 NEUROPTERA.
2. Macrothemis pseudimitans.
Macrothemis pseudimitans, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviil. pp. 319, 329, t. 2. fig. 85
(pattern, side of thorax) (1898)!; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. 1. p. 393 (1899) *.
Macrothemis imitans, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 581, t. 16. figg. 83, 35-39 (details
& 2) (1895)* (nec Karsch).
Hab. Lower Catirornta, Sierra San Lazaro 3, San José del Cabo? (Kisen, coll.
P. P.C:8 8,1 2).—MeExico, Victoria in Tamaulipas (Rhoads, A. N. S.: 1 2),
Tepic!2 (Eisen & Vaslit, Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 2), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann :
12 ¢, 2 2), San Lorenzo Cordova (Trujillo : 3 3), Orizaba [2 ¢ |, Matamoros in
Puebla [2 ¢ ], Rio Balsas in Guerrero [1 2 ] (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.), Teapa in Tabasco
(H. H. Smith: 1 3), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Sumichrast'); GUATEMALA, Sepacuite
[Griggs: 1 3], San Felipe [Maxon & Hay: 1 ¢|(U.S.N. M.), San Gerénimo [4 ¢ ],
San Isidro, 1600 feet [1 ¢ ] (Champion), Gualan [Deam, Williamson: 5 3 |, Zacapa
[1 ¢] (coll. Wilmsn.), Mazatenango (Hine, 0. 8S. U.: 1 3); Costa Rica, San Francisco
(Rogers: 1 3 ).—VeweEzvELa [1 2? ], San Julian [Zyon: 1 g ] (U.S. N. M.); Ecuavor,
Agua Clara [1 ¢ |], Cerro Azul [2 ¢ ] (Campos R., A. N. 8.).
Taken in January (Victoria, Guat.), February (Teapa, Guatemala), March (Sepacuite),
May (Atoyac), June (Orizaba, Matamoros), July (San Julian), September and October
(Lower California *), November (Tepic 2), and December (Rio Balsas).
8. Macrothemis hemichlora.
Libellula hemichlora, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 849 (1839)*; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
xxy. p. 61 (1898).
Dythemis hemichlora, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 317 (1861) *.
Macrothemis hemichlora, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. t. 54. fig. 8 (in colours), t. 57. fig. 11
(tarsal claws) (1889) *; Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 319, 829, t. 2. figg. 27
(inf. app. 3), 32 (pattern, side of thorax) (1898) °.
The females from Teapa (25 taken in February alone) show a number of the variations in wing-markings
described ° for Colombian and Venezuelan females.
The females from (a) Mexico, Central America, and Ecuador differ from those of (6) the remaining South-
American material in having more brown at the bases of the wings; on the hind wings of (a) this
brown reaches out to the first antecubital (at least along the subcostal vein) and half-way to the sub-
median cross-vein, while in (6) it reaches only half-way, or much less than half-way, to the first
antecubital and is absent from the submedian space; on the front wings of (a) the brown reaches out
in the subcostal space half- to one-third-way to the first antecubital, and is absent in (0). No such
differences are shown by the males, in all of which brown is almost, or altogether, absent from the bases
of the wings.
The females from Rio Janeiro have a pale longitudinal stripe on each side of the mid-dorsal carina of
abdominal segments 6—8, those on 6 and 7 being nearly as long as those segments, those on 8 half as
long as the segment, and in the same place on 9 a small basal dot. Most of the females from the other
localities haye not these pale markings on segments 8 and 9, and the stripes on 6 and 7 are hardly
one-third as long as the segments. Since traces of markings like those of the Rio Janeiro examples are
found in some from Teapa and Santa Lucia, perhaps the differences are partly due to age.
MACROTHEMIS, 291
Ten females from Teapa taken in January measure : abdomen 24-28 (26-4), hind wing 27°5-31 (29°6) mm. ; five
from Rio Janeiro give, abdomen 24—27°5 (26), hind wing 28-31°5 (30-1) mm., the numbers in parentheses
being the respective averages.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac [1 ¢] in Vera Cruz, Teapa [17 3, 41 2) in Tabasco
(H. H. Smith); Guaremana, Cubilguitz (Champion: 1 2), Puerto Barrios [1 ¢ ], Los
Amates [3 ¢,7 2], Santa Lucia [1 ¢, 8 2 ] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wilmsn.,
O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Esparta [1 ¢ ], Surubres near San Mateo [1 ¢, 3 2 ] (Biolley,
coll. Kahl); Panama, Chiriqui®——Cotompia (Appun®), Bonda in Dept. Magdalena
(H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 9); Venezurta (U. S. N. M.: 1 ¢), Puerto
Cabello? (Appun®); Ecuapor (coll. Adams: 1 9); Braz}, Bahia?3, Chapada
[3 9°], Rio Janeiro [2 3,5 2] (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.).
Taken from January to April at Teapa, January to March in Guatemala, January and
February in Costa Rica, April at Atoyac, August (Bonda), and November (Rio Janeiro).
Mr. Williamson noted of a female of this species, ‘‘Santa Lucia, Jan. 31, 1905.
Habits similar to A” [i. e., Brechmorhoga inequiunquis, see page 287]. The Surubres
examples were taken at “ eau stagnante.”
The present material comprises three times as many females as males.
4. Macrothemis inacuta.
Macrothemis inacuta, Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii. pp. 318, 328 (1898)'; Proc.
Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 895, t. 25. figg. 7, 10 (details $) (1899) *.
Compared with my detailed description? of this species, the younger males have the vertex and superior
surface of the frons luteous or olivaceous, anterior surface of frons cream-coloured, hence as in the
females ; the metallic-blue as described for the male types appears later. As an individual variation
among the present males, the abdomen may be distinctly wider at segment 2 (2 mm.) than at 3 (1 mm.),
thence widen to the base of 6 (2 mm.), and again narrow to 10 (1:3 mm.).
A teneral male from Gualan has the hind wings faintly yellowish from triangle to apex, the front wings still
paler yellow in the basal half.
The maximum extent of brownish-yellow at the base of the hind wings of the female is (posterior to the
postcosta) the distal subbasal sector (A, of C. & N.) out to the level of the triangle and back to the
hind margin (Teapa, La Venta, Tehuantepec, Zacapa, El Rancho); individuals so coloured usually have
also the apex of the front wings from the stigma outward pale brown; females with these colours on
the wings are found at the same localities (Teapa, Gualan) and at the same time as females with almost
colourless wings.
The following figures indicate the degree to which a sexual difference is developed in the hind wings of the
present material (33 $, 18 2). A post-triangular eell reaches across the entire field from the short
sector to the first sector of the triangle in 56 hind wings ¢ (=85 °/,), 16 hind wings (4 of the 16
asymmetrical) 9 (=44 °/,), and does not reach across in 10 hind wings (6 of the 10 asymmetrical) ¢
(=15 °/,), 20 hind wings 9 (=56 °/,). Only one cell is found between the posterior angle of the
triangle and A, immediately opposite in 27 hind wings (11 of the 27 asymmetrical) ¢ (=41 °/,), 1 hind
wing 2 (=2°8 °/,), two cells existing here in 39 hind wings ¢ (=59 °/,), 37 hind wings 9 (=97-2 °/,).
The variations are not geographical.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 13, 29) and Papachal (Batty,
A. M. N. H.: 1 3) in Sinaloa, Tepic (Hisen & Vaslit1?, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 3
type), Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 ¢ ), San Lorenzo Cordova (Tryillo: 1 2), Puente
292 NEUROPTERA.
de Ixtla (coll. Deam: 1 6), Tepetlapa [1 3], Savana Grande [3 g] and La Venta
[1 °] in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Acapulco (A. Agassiz! *), Tehuantepec (coll. Deam :
1 3,1 2) and Isthmus (Sumichrast }?), Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 5 3,4 2);
GuatemaLa (Van Patten1?), Los Amates [2 ¢, 2 2], Gualan [5 g, 22], Zacapa
[4 ¢,1 9], El Rancho [3 3,3 2] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. 8. U.)
(Maxon & Hay, U. 8. N. M.: 2 3); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (coll. McLachlan ex
coll. Fruhstorfer: 1 3); Panama, Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 1 ¢ ).—VENE-
ZUELA (U.S. NW. M.: 1 2).
Taken in January (Guatemala), February (id., Teapa), March (Teapa), April (El
Rancho), July (Guadalajara, P. de Ixtla, Colon), September (La Venta), October
(Tepic, Tepetlapa, Savana Grande), and December (Papachal, Tehuantepec).
Sexual differences in venation are not so strongly marked in this as in some other
species of Macrothemis.
PALTOTHEMIS.
Paltothemis, Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiii. p. 862 (1890); Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xxviii. pp. 801, 303, 305, 312 (1898).
The only known species is :—
1. Paltothemis lineatipes.
Paltothemis lineatipes, Karsch, |. c. p. 8363 (1890)’; Calvert, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxviii.
p. 312, t. 1. figg. 1, 8, 9 (details $) (1898)?; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 409
(1899)°; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 699, t. 39. fig. 4 (nymph) (1904) “; Baker,
Invert. Pacif. i. p. 87 (1905) °.
Dythemis russata, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 526, t. 16. figg. 46-49 (details d 9)
(1895) °.
dg. The colouring of the bases of the wings reminds one of that of the same sex of certain forms of Libellula
saturata, and, as in that species, decreases in extent from north to south. Most of the present examples
from the United States, Lower California, and Santa Ana have the fulvous or ochraceous tint reaching
outward “ for the entire width, on the front wing half- or two-thirds-way to the nodus, three-fourths-
way or all the way to the nodus on hind wings” *. Of all of these, those from Sierra Laguna are most
deeply and extensively coloured; others (Sierra San Lazaro, Box Canyon) are more moderate in depth
and area of hue. The specimens from Guatemala and Costa Rica are more like the Brazilian type,
having “die Subkosta und der Medianraum [to, and usually not] bis tiber die cellula cardinalis hinaus
intensiv gelb ”!, with little or no colouring posterior to the postcostal vein. Unlike Z. saturata, no
venational features appear to be associated with the colour-gradations. There is but one submedian
eross-vein, and the number of rows of cells between the short sector and the supplementary sector next
below on the hind wing varies from one to two, even in the extensively coloured examples from the same
locality (Carr Canyon, in August).
9. In view of what has just been said concerning the males, it is remarkable that two Costa Rican females
(one each from Carrillo and the road to La Palma) should present the maximum of wing-colouring. In
these two the ochraceous tint extends outward from the base, in the subcostal and submedian spaces of
the hind wings, to the second antecubital and almost to the triangle, and is continued for a short distance
beyond these by pale yellow; on the front wings a paler colour exists in these spaces.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 29-33, 9 28-32; hind wing, ¢ 38°5-45, 9 40-45 mm.
PALTOTHEMIS.—MIATHYRIA. 293
Hab. Untrep States, Texas?3, Box Canyon, Highrolls, New Mexico [ Viereck:
1 ¢], Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mts., Cochise Co. [Skinner: 5 3 |(A..N.S.) in Arizona *
[C. U. lot 35**: 1 3], Claremont® (Baker: 1 3] and San Bernardino Co.* in
California; Lower Cairornia, Sierra El Taste ®, Sierra Laguna® [ Eisen: 3 ¢,1 2 ];
Sierra San Lazaro® [Eisen & Vaslit: 2 3 | (coll. P. P. C.), Mesa Verde®, San José
del Cabo®.—Mexico (U. 8. NW. M.: 1 3), Santa Ana in Sonora (Hepburn, coll.
McLachlan: 13,19), Uruachic in Chihuahua (teste McLachlan in litt., Sept. 10,
1898), Monclova (Palmer, M. C. Z.), Cuernavaca (Barrett, coll. P. P. 6.: 12);
Guatema.a, San Geronimo (Champion: 4 3,1 2), between Guatemala City and Agua
Caliente (Hine, O. S. U.: 1 3); Costa Rica, Carrillo (1 9 J, Escazu [2 6, 12¢]
(Underwood), Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe, 1200 m. and El Alto, 1600 m.
(Biolley, coll. Kahl: 2 3,3 2), San José (Biolley: 1 3,12 ), Irazu, 6000-7000 feet
[2 g], Caché [3 3] (Rogers), Juan Vifias (Cary, U.S. N. M.: 1 2 ).— VENEZUELA,
Merida (Mus. Vind. Ces.?*); Braztu?.
Taken in February (between Guatemala City &c.), April (Camino de La Palma),
May ‘ (San Bernardino Co.), June (Box Canyon, Cuernavaca), August (Carr Canyon,
San José in Costa Rica), and September and October ® (Lower California).
Prof, Hine noted that the male taken near Guatemala City was “clinging to bank
along trail” ; and Prof. Biolley’s note on the specimens from near La Palma is: ‘* Bord
du chemin, rigoles, liewx ombragés.”
MIATHYRIA.
Miathyria, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 269 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. p. 4 (1890).
Tramea, pars, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 227 (1867).
Tramea, C, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 714 (1868).
Only two undoubted species of this genus are known; they may be separated as
follows :—
Supplementary sector next below the subnodal sector forming a loop with the latter
and enclosing 5-7 cells on the front, 6-7 cells on the hind wings ; front wings
with 7-8 postnodals in the first series, 5-6 in the second series; hind wings
with a basal brown area, veined with yellow, stopping at the distal subbasal
sector (A, of C. & N.) or, in a few females, reaching to the triangle; frons
superiorly and the vertex metallic-violet (¢), which is much reduced in the
female, where it occupies only the base of the vertex and the postero-superior
surface of the frons; male with the lower edge of the superior abdominal
appendages beginning to taper to the apex at 3-3 their length, inferior appendage
* See footnote, page 104, antea.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1906. 9 g
294 NEUROPTERA.
in ventral view less acutely pointed, anterior lamina and genital lobe subequally
prominent ; female with the vulvar lamina bilobed, lobes digitate, subequal in
length to the interval separating their tips. Abdomen, 3 24-27, ? 23°5-27;
hind wing, ¢ 30-84°5, 9 29-35; stigma of front wing 2, of hind wing 1°5-
7mm 2. ee eee ee ee ee ee 1, marcela.
Supplementary sector next below the subnodal sector forming a loop with the latter
and enclosing 3-4 cells on the front, 4-5 cells on the hind wings; front wings
with 4-6 postnodals in the first series, 3-4 in the second series; hind wings
with a basal brown area, veined with yellow, reaching to or into the triangle ;
frons yellowish or greenish ; males with the lower edge of the superior abdo-
minal appendages beginning to taper to the apex at 3 their length, inferior
appendage in ventral view more acutely pointed, anterior lamina less prominent
than genital lobe ; female with the vulvar lamina extremely short, widely and
shallowly emarginated. Abdomen, 3 22-23, 219-23; hind wing, ¢ 27-28,
9 28-28°5; stigma of front wing 1°5, of hind wing ] mm... . . . . . « 2. simplex.
1. Miathyria marcella.
Libellula marcella, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 452 (1857) ’.
Tramea marcella, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 227 (1867); Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p. 66 (1875) °.
Miathyria marcella, Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 260 (1896) *; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat.
Hist, (6) xix. p. 600 (1897) °; (7) ili. p. 8363 (1899)°; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3),
Zool. 1. p. 888 (1899) 7; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 259 (1900) °; Needham,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 709, fig. 4g (part of wing) (1903)°; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh.
Sammelr., Odon. p. 34 (1904) ™.
Tramea simpler, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 146 (1861) “ (teste Hagen *, nec Ramb.).
Variable features independent of locality are the width of the mid-dorsal black on abdominal segments 5-10,
the presence or absence of a yellow tint throughout the wings, and the extent of the brown basal area
on the hind pair, The minimum for this last appears in females from Teapa (January, February) and
Duran, in which the brown reaches out to A, only at the postcostal vein, and posteriorly only as far as
the level of the “heel” of the anal loop; the maximum is presented by a female from Bonda, in which
the brown extends out to the triangle in the submedian space (which is clear yellow in the middle
between the cross-vein and the triangle), fills up the first postcostal cell between Cu, and A,, follows the
proximal side of A, to the level of the middle of the triangle, and extends posteriorly to within -5 mm. of
the hind margin at the point of greatest; width of the wing. Females from Altamira, Frontera, Guayaquil,
and Batan (one from each locality) have the brown only a little less extensive. Males from Guadalajara,
Guatemala (coll. McLachlan), and Duran (one from each locality) have the maximum extent of basal brown
for that sex; the brown reaches to not more than ‘5 mm. beyond the origin of A,, which vein it borders
proximally to not so far as the level of the triangle, and posteriorly stops at -5-1 mm. distance from the
hind margin of the wing. These data modify some earlier statements ”” as to the wing-colouring.
Younger individuals of both sexes have a nearly horizontal longitudinal yellow band, about 1 mm. wide, on
the side of the thorax from the mesepisternum, just above the mesinfraepisternum, to the upper end of
the metepisternum, and the metinfraepisternum and metepimeron yellow. With age these pale areas
become brown and, in old males at least, eventually pruinose with the rest of the thorax.
The examples from Ecuador tend to a greater length, but especially width, of the hind Wings, as may be seen
from the following dimensions in millimetres :—
MIATHYRIA. 295
| Teapa. Guayaquil. | Chapada, Sapucay.
Abdomen, ¢ ......... ec eee eee 24-26 24-255 | 24-27 24-25°5
re | 26-27 2425-5 | 23-525 23-5-25
Hind wing, 6 ww... eee eee | 31-33 32-345 32-33°5 30-32°5
9 Dee eee ee eee ee | 31°5-32 32°5-33°5 | 30-382 29-32
Maximum width of hind wing ..,. | g ilk 18 | here | eee
10°5-11 12 | 106-11 10-10°5
Hab. Mexico, Tampico*® and Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) in Tamaulipas,
Mazatlan*, Tepic’ (Hisen & Vaslit, coll. P. P.C.: 26,12) [1 6], Guadalajara
[1 ¢] (Schumann) (McClendon: 1 3], Vera Cruz [Barrett: 1 2] (coll. P. P. C.),
Frontera [1 ¢, 5 @]and Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 15 ¢, 20 9), Lumija in
Chiapas [2 ¢, 1 9 | (coll. Westcott); Guarmmata (coll. McLachlan: 1 3 with label
“ Tramea marcella, Selys,” in McL.’s hand), Puerto de San Felipe [1 ¢, 1 9 ], Gualan
[1 ¢ | (Williamson, Deam, coll. Wilmsn.), Los Amates (Hine, O. S. U.: 1 9); Nica-
RaGUA, Polvon (McMiel, colls. McLachlan, M. C. Z.: 3 3); Costa Rica, Turrialba
(Tristan: 3 9); Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler®).—Couomsia [1 ¢], Bonda in
Dept. Magdalena [H. H. Smith: 2 9] (Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Turbo? (Dr. Maak,
M. C.Z.: 1 3), Barranquilla’, Nerviti®, Cerro on the Brazo de Loba’; Eovapor,
Estero Salado’, El Salado [1 ¢, 2 9], Casiguana [2 ¢,1 9], Duran [4 ¢, 8 2],
Batan [1 @ |, Babahoyo [1 @ |, Guayaquil [4 ¢,6 9 ](Campos R., A. N.S.); Braz} 3,
Santarem °, Obydos°, Manaos °, Chapada [17 3, 5 9 |, Cachoeira[1 specim.], Corumba
[1 ¢,1 2], Rio Janeiro (McLach. MS.), Rio Grande do Sul [1 ¢,1 2 ](H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pitts.) (vu. Jhering, A. N.S.: 3 3,2 2); Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster,
U.S. N.M.: 96, 9 2), Costa Aguaray (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Foerster: 1 ¢),
Concepcion [1 specim.]; ARGENTINA, Fazenda de San José near San Lourenzo [1 ¢ ],
Goya [1 ¢,3 2 | (HM. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Corrientes (Perren, coll. P. P. €.
ex coll. McLach.: 1 3), San Isidro !° near Buenos Aires; West Inpiss, Cardenas 2 in
Cuba, Jamaica ‘4.
Taken in January at Teapa, Los Amates, Gualan, Santarem®, Sapucay, Fazenda de
San José, and San I[sidro1°, in June at Altamira and in Colombia8, in August at
Guadalajara, Estero Salado § and Duran, in November at Tepic’ and Sapucay.
At Gualan, Jan. 23, 1905, Mr. Williamson noted of this species: “3 or 4 seen. Not
on wing Jan. 14 or 15 at Gualan.”
2. Miathyria simplex.
Libellula simplex, Ramb. Ins. Névr. p. 121 (1842)’; Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 452
(1857) *.
Tramea simplex, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 228 (1867)°; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 292 (1867) *.
2q 2
296 NEUROPTERA.
Miathyria simplex, Calv. Proc. Calif, Acad. Sci. (8), Zool. i. p. 389 (1899) °.
? Miathyria pusilla, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 318, t. 52. fig. 3 (¢ colour) (1889) °;
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 600 (1897)"; Calvert, 1. c. (1899) °.
The present material agrees with that described by Hagen in so far as the genitalia of the second abdominal
segment of the males and the absence of “bleu violatre”! on the frons are concerned ; the frons has a
transverse brown stripe immediately in front of the vertex and eyes. However, none of these males are
pruinose ; perhaps the frons is bluish in that stage.
Mid-dorsal black is present to a varying extent on abdominal segments 3-10 (cf. °°) even in the Cuban
female, a fact which supports Mr. Kirby’s later view’ as to the probable identity of pusdla and simplex.
The dorsal black is not united with the ventral black of these segments in the younger female examples.
As in M. marcella, the extent of the basal brown spot of the hind wings is variable. In the specimens from
Teapa of both sexes it does or does not enter the triangle, but in no case fills it. The maximum extent
of this brown is seen in one of the females from Altamira, where the spot reaches out to the second
antecubital, fills the triangle, but leaves most of the supratriangle clear, extends behind the triangle, on a
level with its middle, to within three cells of the hind margin, then curves inward toward the anal
“angle”; many of the cells occupied by the brown have a central pale yellow dot; the veins of the front
wings of this female are bordered with yellowish-brown from base almost to arculus. The triangle is
filled with brown also in the females from Los Amates and Atoyac, but the basal spot is otherwise not
so large.
The Corumba female furnishes the smallest measurements given on page 294, those from Altamira and Teapa
the largest.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 2 9), Misantla
(F. D. G.: 1 9) and Atoyac [1 2] in Vera Cruz, Teapa[6 ¢,10 92] in Tabasco,
Acapulco [1 @ ] (A. H. Smith), Salina Cruz (coll. Deam, teste Wilmsn.) ; GUATEMALA,
Los Amates (Hine, 0. S. U.: 1 9).—Ecuapor, Duran (Campos R&., A. N.S.: 1 2);
Brazit, ?Santarem®, ?Tapajos®, Corumba (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 2);
West Inpizs, Havana (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) and Cardenas * in Cuba 123,
Taken in one or another of the Mexican localities from January to June, September
and December, in April at Corumba, in August at Duran, in November?‘ at Cardenas.
TAURIPHILA.
Tauriphila, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 268 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. pp. 4, 177 (1890) ;
Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiil. p. 851 (1890).
Tramea, pars, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 227 (1867) ; xxx. p. 263 (1869).
Tramea, B, Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. p. 714 (1868).
The forms found in the present region may be distinguished as follows :—
A. Hind wings with two post-triangular rows for a distance of 2-3 cells, then
increasing to three rows (formula 2, 2,3, 3,3.... or 2, 2,2,3,3,3....);
superior appendages of the males in dorsal view subparallel, in profile view
upper edge almost straight, denticles of lower edge beginning at two-fifths’ and
ending at four-fifths’ length of the appendage.
B. Hind wings with 7 antecubitals and no brown nodal point, membranule dark
grey or blackish ; all wings with usually only one row of cells between sub-
nodal sector and supplementary sector next below . . . . . . . . . 1. australis.
TAURIPHILA. 297
[BB. Hind wings with 5-6, usually 6, antecubitals and a brown nodal point,
membranule white or pale grey ; all wings with more often two rows of cells
in the middle of the field between subnodal sector and supplementary sector
next below Ce ee ee ee ee ee we ist *.]
AA. Hind wings with two (occasionally three) post-triangular cells followed imme-
diately by three rows (formula 2, 3, 3,3,3.... or 3,3,3,3,3... .)3 all
wings with more often two rows of cells in the middle of the field between sub-
nodal sector and supplementary sector next below.
C. Abdominal segments 3-6 with a transverse apical black band occupying a fifth
or a sixth of the length of the segments, confluent with a mid-dorsal black
line which is triangularly dilated at the bases of 5-7 and is widened into a
band on 8 and 9; superior appendages of male asin A above . . . 2. azteca.
CC. Abdominal segments with no transverse or mid-dorsal bands ; superior
appendages of males in dorsal view converging, in profile view proximal two-
thirds of upper edge strongly convex, terminal third nearly straight, denticles
of lower edge beginning at two-fifths’ and ending at two-thirds’ length of the
appendage. 2. 1. ee ee ee eee BL GO.
Dimensions are given under each species, posted.
1. Tauriphila australis. (Tab. IX. figg. 46, 47.)
Tramea australis, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 229 (1867) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p. 66 (1875) *.
Tramea iphigenia, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxvii. p. 230 (1867) *; xxx. p. 262 (1869) *; Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 84 (1875) *.
Tauriphila iphigenia, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 600 (1896)°; Needham, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 49. fig. 2 (wings) (1903) 7; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon.
p- 83 (1904) °. .
Hagen says of the brown spot on the base of the hind wing of the female of australis that it “bis zum Dreieck
oder selbst hineinragt”!, and of the same spot of the male of iphigema “ triangulum non attingente ”°*.
In the present material, it is only in three of the Samana, the Cuban, and the Bonda males that the brown
reaches the triangle and in them only by a slender limb along the posterior side of the submedian vein ;
in the fourth Samana male it does not reach farther out than barely beyond the level of the first ante-
cubital ; in all the other males to scarcely beyond the beginning of A,. In the females the distal limit
is the submedian cross-vein (Teapa, Guayaquil, Turbo, Cuba), or origin of A, (Bonda). The posterior
extent of the basal marking is shown in the table below :—
Teapa. Bonda. Guayaquil. | Havana. Samana.
Abdomen, ¢ ...... (in mm.)! 27°56-29°5 30 26-27 26°5 28°5-30°5
” QD .seeee % 30-31 30 29-31 30
Hind wing, ob ...... » 345-37 36 34-37 34 37-38
ED Q veeeee ” 34-36 37 37-38 37
Stigma, front wing .. ” 3 32 3-3°'5 3-3'5 3
» hind wing .. ” 3 3 3 2°38-3 2°8-3
Number of cells on anal margin of/ [ . . ,
hind wing beyond the apex of the g 3-4 8 8 7 6-9
membranule to which the basal ;
brown marking reaches. ? 0-2 6 3-4 2-3
* Of Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina; here mentioned for comparison.
298 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith: 3 6,8 %).—CouomBria, Bonda in
Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 3,1 ¢), Turbo® (Dr. Maak,
M. C. Z.: 1 9%), Sta. Fé de Bogota (Lindig?*); Ecvapor, Duran [1 s], Guayaquil
[2 3,22] (Campos R., A. N.S.); Braz (coll. Smith, M. C. Z.: 1 8), Obydos §,
Tajajos °, Para®; Wesr Inpres, Havana (Baker, coll. P.P.C.. 16,19 ) and Cardenas !
in Cuba, Samana in Hayti (Frazar, M.C. Z.: 4 3).
Taken in February and March at Teapa, in February ° also at Obydos, in July * at
Cardenas, in August at Duran, in November and December at Bonda.
In June 1899 I compared the Brazilian male (M. C. Z.) with the type of ¢tphagena,
Hag., and satisfied myself that it was the same species. There seems to be no doubt
that australis and iphigenia are the same species, as Hagen suggested ! and as Dr. Ris 8
asserts. The latter employs iphigenia as the specific name, but australis precedes it in
the original publication’, Hagen’s remark? that “australis is an aberrant species,
perhaps belonging to Lepthemis, near L. cardinalis,” is rather puzzling, seeing the
differences in the hind prothoracic lobe, the position of the arculus, the genital hamule
of the male, &c. (cf. pp. 202, 203, antea).
2. Tauriphila azteca, sp. n.
In addition to the details given on page 297 :—
3. Face and lips pale brown, or even greenish-brown, in young, becoming metallic-violet on vertex and upper
surface of frons and blackish on median and adjoining parts of lateral labial lobes with age. Thorax
pale brown on the sides, darker and with violet reflection on the dorsum. Abdomen perhaps bright
yellow in life in young, becoming browner with age, marked at all ages as described on page 297.
Appendages (in bad condition) and genitalia of the second abdominal segment apparently as in australis.
Legs pale brown (young), dark brown with the coxz, under surface of first femora, and upper surface of
second femora pale brown (older individuals).
2. The single example has some distinct metallic-blue on frons superiorly and vertex, although not so intense
as in the older males, no reflection from the thoracic dorsum, ground-colour of the abdomen pale brown,
femora pale brown, darker at their apices; otherwise, including abdominal markings, as in the male.
Vulvar lamina as in australis ; abdominal segment 10 and appendages lost.
& 9. Front wings yellowish-brown at base out to about one-third-way to first antecubital, some very pale
yellow on the anterior margin from the origin of the subnodal sector to the stigma or not so far;
12 (Guadalajara ¢, Atoyac 3) or 13 (other two) antecubitals. Hind wings with a brown spot at base
in costal, subcostal, and median spaces out to half- or three-fourths-way to first antecubital, and a larger
brown spot, veined with yellow, in submedian and postcostal spaces, reaching from the base to a little
beyond the origin of A, and backward along the anal margin 3-5 cells beyond the apex of the mem-
branule; membranule grey, its free edge paler, white or almost so; 7 (Guadalajara ¢, Atoyac 3) or 8
(other two) antecubitals.
Dimensions. Abdomen, ¢ 29, 2 34?; hind wing, ¢ 36-37, 2 36:5; costal edge of stigma of front wing 8-3°5,
of hind wing 3 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara [1 ¢ ], Atoyac [1 ¢ ] (Schumann) [1 9 ]in Vera Cruz,
Teapa [1 3 ] (H. H. Smith) in Tabasco.
Taken in April at Atoyac and Teapa, in July at Guadalajara.
TAURIPHILA.—TRAMEA. 299
3. Tauriphila argo. (Tab. IX. figg. 48, 49.)
Tramea argo, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxx. p. 263 (1869)’; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 84
(1875) °; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 33 (1904) °.
Hagen’s very brief description! and the locality given” may possibly suffice for the recognition of this species,
which is greatly helped by the character mentioned by Dr. Ris’. Hagen’s type is before me. Even
when I first examined it in June, 1899, the appendages were broken and most of the wings lost. Enough
remains, however, to verify the characters given on page 297; it may be added that the vertex, frons
superiorly, and thoracic dorsum have a metallic-violet reflection, thorax and abdomen pale brown, a
narrow mid-dorsal stripe on the carina and inter-alar regions of thorax pale yellow, caring and articulations
of abdominal segments 5-9 blackish.
All the specimens listed below appear to belong to one species, in spite of the following differences, most
of which grade very gently into each other :—
3d. 29.
Puerto Piedra Rio Rio
Barrios, Blanca. Janeiro. Parana. Sapucay. Sapucay.
Abdomen ...............05. (in mm.)} 28-30 30 ? 31 30°5 29°5-31
Hind wing ................ » 34-85 35 ? 39 37 35°5-38
Stigma of front wing ........ » 2°7-2-9 3 ? 35 35 4
” hind wing ........ % 2°3-2°5 3 ? 3°5 3°3 3°5-4
Number of cells on anal margin of hind
wing beyond the apex of the mem- _
branule to which the basal brown 4 4 10 6 14 5-7
marking extends.
almost pale brown, almost almost
Colour of membranule ................ pale brown. . white. darker at . ;
white. base white. white.
Antecubitals, front wing .............. 13-15 14, 15 ? 12,13 11,12 12-13
” hind wing .............. 8-9 8,9 7? 7 7 7-8
The distal limit of the brown marking of the hind wing is the submedian cross-vein or the origin of A,,.
The males from Guatemala and Rio Parana have the colours of the entire body darker and the yellow mid-
dorsal thoracic stripe has disappeared ; they are evidently older individuals, that from Rio Parana having
some traces of pruinosity on the ventral surface.
Hab. Guatemata, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 3 3).—Brazit, Rio Janeiro
(Reinhardt, WM. C. Z.: 1 3, type of Hagen), Piedra Blanca [1 ¢]; ARcentina, Rio
Parana just below Corrientes [1 ¢ | (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.); Paraguay,
Sapucay (Moster, U.S. NV. MW: 13,5 2).
Taken in March (Puerto Barrios), April (Piedra Blanca), November (Sapucay), and
December (Sapucay, Rio Parana).
TRAMEA.
Tramea, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. pp. 143, 816 (1861)'; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 222
(1867) *; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 364, 713 (pars A) (1868) *; Kirby,
Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 268 (1889) *; Cat. Odon. p. 2 (1890) °; Calvert, Trans.
300 NEUROPTERA.
Amer. Ent. Soc. pp. 223, 227 (1893) °; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 471 (1895) ’ ;
Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, pp. 249, 315 (1900)°; Needham, Bull. 47 N.Y. St
Mus. pp. 508, 509, 537 (1901) *; Krier, Stett. ent. Zeit. 1902, p. 81”.
A circumtropical genus, the Mexican and Central-American representatives of
which differ as follows :—
I. Hind wings with dark basal colouring extending outward to the sub-
median cross-vein, the origin of the distal subbasal sector (Ag), or, less
often, to the proximal side of the triangle, nowhere extending beyond
the level of the triangle, its outer margin nearly straight or slightly
curved ; only one row of cells between A, and A3.
a. Sides of the thorax with two broad (1 mm.) oblique yellow bands, the
first running from the upper part of the metepisternum to the lower
part of the mesepimeron, the second occupying most of the met-
epimeron ; frons with a transverse, superior, basal, metallic-violet
band, wider in the ¢ (1 mm.) than in the 9 (‘5 mm.) ; superior
appendages of the ¢ 3-3°5 mm. long, shorter than segm. 8+9,
inferior appendage one-half to three-fifths as long as the superiors,
genital hamule projecting ventrad but slightly beyond the genital lobe,
i.e. by less than half the height of the latter ; vulvar lamina ? reaching
to 3-3 of the length of the lateral margin of segm. 9. Abdomen,
& 29-31, 9 29-32; hind wing, ¢ 39°5-44, 9 41-46 mm. . . . 1. cophysa?
aa. Sides of the thorax without yellow bands.
6. Frons superiorly metallic-violet; superior appendages of ¢ 3-
3°5 mm. long, shorter than segm. 8+9, inferior appendage half as
long as the superiors, genital hamule recumbent, projecting ventrad
beyond the genital lobe by less than half the vertical height of the
latter. 2 unknown. ¢, abdomen 29°5-32, hind wing 41-44 mm. 2. longicauda, var. ?
bb. Frons superiorly (¢), or with a transverse superior basal stripe
(2), metallic-blue, vertex metallic-blue (4) or luteous (?) ;
superior appendages of male 4-4°5 mm. long, as long as or longer
than segm. 8+9, inferior appendage about € as long as the
superiors, genital hamule more recumbent upon the genital lobe,
projecting ventrad beyond the latter by less than half the vertical
height of the lobe; vulvar lamina ¢ reaching to ? or whole length
of lateral margin of segm. 9. Abdomen, ¢ 30°5-33, ? 29-81;
hind wing, ¢ 3775-45, 9? 88-42 mm. ..... . . . 8. insularis.
666. Frons superiorly and vertex shining red or luteous, with no
metallic-blue ; superior appendages ¢ 3°75 mm. long, almost as
long as segm. 8+ 9, inferior appendage half as long as the superiors,
genital hamule erect, projecting ventrad at least as far beyond
the genital lobe as half the vertical height of the latter; vulvar
lamina ¢ reaching to posterior end of lateral margin of segm. 9.
Abdomen, 3 30-33, 9 29-30; hind wing, ¢ 40-44, ¢ 39-40°5 mm. 4. abdominalis.
TRAMEA. 301
II. Hind wings with dark basal colouring extending outward into the
triangle at least, and, on the posterior side of Ay, to beyond the level
of the triangle, its outer margin very much broken or indented; 2 or
more rows of cells between A, and A; in at least part of their course.
c. Basal colouring of hind wings bluish-brown ; superior appendages of
3 5°5 mm. long, as long as segm. 8+49, inferior appendage ? as
long as the superiors, genital hamule not projecting ventrad beyond
genital lobe, vulvar lamina ? reaching to % or less of the length
of the lateral margin of segm. 9. Abdomen, 3 35-37°5, 2 36-38 ;
hind wing, ¢ 43-46, ¢ 46-48 mm. . . . «© 2. . 1 1. OSL lacerata.
ec. Basal colouring of hind wings reddish-brown; superior appendages
& 3°5 mm. long, shorter than segm. 8+9, inferior appendage half
as long as superiors, genital hamule projecting ventrad at least as
far beyond genital lobe as half the vertical height of the latter;
vulvar lamina ¢ reaching to the posterior end of the lateral margin
of segm. 9. Abdomen, ¢ 28°5-32, 9 32-34; hind wing, 3 38-42,
9 89-43 mm. . . 1 6 ee ee ee ee ee we ee CG. onus,
I had thought it likely that the greater or less projection of the genital hamule ¢
might be due entirely to greater or less protrusion of the penis, instead of being a
specific character as Hagen !? employed it, but such observations as I have been able
to make do not seem to support this idea. Thus, a male insularis from Hayti with
penis protruded has the hamule no more or less projecting than in other insularis
with penis not protruded. In males of 7. carolina with the penis protruding con-
siderably, the hamules do not project so much as in individuals of onusta having the
penis retracted. In the New World, as in the Old!°, the “species” of Tramea are
separated by relatively slight differences.
_ 1. Tramea cophysa?
Tramea cophysa, Hagen, Stett. ent. Zeit. xxvii. p. 226 (1867) °.
Libellula basalis, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 852 (1839)*; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
pp- 70, 94 (1898) *.
Tramea basalis et cophysa, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 3 (1890) *.
Tramea basalis, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 599 (1897) °; Carpenter, Journ. Inst.
Jamaica, ii. p. 260 (1896) °.
?? Libellula incerta, Rambur, Névr. p. 34 (1842) *.
Tramea darwini, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 315, t. 51. fig. 1 (entire 9) (1889) °;
Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 386 (1901) °.
Hagen’s original description * of cophysa is headed “ Tramea cophysa Kollar,” and he further states “ 7’. cophysa
stammt aus Brasilien und ist ein Manuscriptname des Wiener Museums.” The type of basalis, Burm.’,
is in the same museum’, and Dr. Anton Handlirsch has kindly sent me the following information
concerning both in a letter of 19. ix. 1904: “Die Type von Tramea basahs Burm. hat einige kleine
gelbe Flecken auf den Pleuren. Die obere Seite der Stirn und der Scheitel haben schwach violetten
Metallglanz. Der proximale Rand der Hinterfliigel ist etwas lichter braun als der grosse Fleck eher
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., December 1906. Ir
302 NEUROPTERA.
nicht hyalin. Auf dem Dorsum vor den Fligeln sehe ich keinen dunklen Fleck, doch kann derselbe
vielleicht durch Ausbleichen im Laufe der Zeit verschwunden sein. Die Genitalhaken sind etwas s0
[diagram]. T'ramea cophysa Koll. MS. ist in einem sehr defekten Stiicke (Original !) erhalten. Auch
hier sehe ich keinen deutlichen dunklen Fleck auf dem braunen Dorsum des Thorax. Ich glaube dass
das Exemplar der basalis sehr ahnlich ist, aber doch verschieden. Die gelben Flecken an der Seiten des
Thorax sind gross und der proximale Rand der Hinterfliigel ist lichter. Die Genitalhaken sind aibnlich
und Stirn u. Scheitel dunkel metallisch.”’
One feature by which cophysa is distinguished, according to Hagen *, is the presence on the thoracic dorsum
of “einem grossen viereckigen, dunkelbraunen Fleck, der wenig scharf begrenzt und gegen die Fliigel
hin plotzlich verengt ist.” It is to this spot that some of Dr. Handlirsch’s notes refer, and on learning
of the absence of this spot in the Vienna example of cophysa, I wrote to Mr. Henshaw inquiring if this
thoracic spot in the type in the M. C. Z. could be of post-mortem origin, but he replied (Oct. 10, 1904),
“The blackish spot on the thoracic dorsum of Tramea cophysa, Hagen, is not due to discoloration.”
My first conclusion was that cophysa and basalis were distinct, although closely related, differing in that
cophysa had the anal margin of the hind wings hyaline and the dark brown spot on the thoracic dorsum,
while basalis had no hyaline anal margin nor brown dorsal thoracic spot. A renewed study, and much
additional material from Colombia and Brazil, compel me to discard the idea that the colour of the anal
margin is sufficiently constant to be used as a diagnostic mark, and as I find no specimens (otherwise
cophysa) with the dark thoracic spot, I strongly incline to the view that that spot in the M. C. Z. type is
probably in some way abnormal. It should be mentioned that I have before me, from Hagen’s collection
in the M.C. Z., certain specimens which he referred to basalis, viz. the Brazilian male with the ‘‘ Thorax
seitlich zerdriickt ” from the Berlin Museum, one of the Surinam males, the “ Weibchen aus Para von
Selys als Lib. fabia Sel. mitgetheilt,” and the “ Weibchen meiner Sammlung aus Venezuela” (cf. Hagen’,
pp. 224, 226),
The name Libellula basalis, Burm., is preoccupied by that of Stephens and perhaps also by that of Say
(cf. Calvert, Ent. News, xvii. p.30, 1906). Mr. Kirby * has referred incerta, Ramb.’, to busalis, Burm., but
Rambur’s description is so brief that this identification must remain in doubt until Rambur’s type is
studied. Ina purely provisional way, therefore, cophysa is here adopted as the name of this species.
In all the males here listed, the basal brown marking of the hind wings reaches to the hind margin, or within
one cell thereof; its distal limit is the origin of A, or not quite so far, except in the Panama example in
which the posterior angle of the triangle is attained in the postcostal space, and in one from Venezuela
referred to below.
The distal limit of this marking in the females is as above stated for the generality of the males except in
examples from Bonda and Chapada, in which it varies from the origin of A, to the triangle, even in
specimens taken in the same month, e. g. July, August at Bonda, The backward extension of this same
marking reaches to within 3-5 mm. of the hind margin (Teapa, February), to the margin or three cells
short of it (Bonda, July, August, also Babahoyo). The colour of the anal margin of the hind wings
varies from clear hyaline to a tint as deep as that of the basal marking itself in the Bonda females; some
of these females are pruinose on the under side of thorax and abdomen, yet the two pale stripes of the
sides of the thorax show distinctly, as they also do in the teneral reared female from Los Amates.
A male and a female from Venezuela (U.S, NV. M.) and one from the same country in the M. C. Z. (“« Weibchen
meiner Sammlung,” Hagen, wide supra) have the basal brown of the hind wings reaching to the triangle
in the postcostal space; they tend to two rows of cells between A, and A, for a short distance. Similar
to them are some unlabelled, but presumably Brazilian, specimens (Carn. Mus. Pittsb.); these last have
longer abdominal appendages: ¢ 4°5, 9 4mm.
The specimens from Chapada (but not that from Rio Grande do Sul) are smaller than the measurements given
on p. 300: abdomen, ¢ 27-28°5, 9 27:5-29; hind wing, ¢ 35-38, 9 37-40 mm.; and the transverse
metallic-violet stripe on the upper surface of the frons is as narrow in the males(°5 mm.) as in the females.
The number of antecubitals on the hind wings varies from 7-8, symmetrically and asymmetrically, in the
same locality (e. g. Teapa).
Hab. Mexico, Guadalupe, Distrito Federal [Zower: 1 3], Vera Cruz [1 2] (coll.
P. P. C.), Teapa in Tabasco (Hl. H. Smith: 43, 3 2); Guatemata, Los Amates
TRAMEA., 303
[1 3,1 2], Gualan [1 ¢ ] (Williamson, coll. ejusd.) ; Panama (lM. C.Z.: 1 3), David
(Champion: 1 9 ).—Cotomsra, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus.
Pitisb.: 4 3,18 2), Turbo (Dr. Maak: 1 3]; Venezueta [12] (MC.2Z) [3 ¢,
1g,+1 4,1 9], Merida [Briceno: 1 ¢](U. 8. N. M.); Sorta (M. C.Z.: 134);
Ecuador, Duran [3 3,1 2 ], El Salado [2 2], Babahoyo [1 ¢,3 2], Guayaquil [2 3]
(Campos R., A. N. S.); Braziu!? [ex Mus. Berol.: 1 ¢ |, Para® [le] (WC. Z),
Santarem 5, Manaos®, Mosqueiro 5, Fernando Noronha ®, Chapada (H. H. Smith, Carn.
Mus. Pittsb.: 7 3,3 9), Rio Grande do Sul (v. Jhering, A. NW. 8.: 12 ); West
Inpies, Jamaica ®, Samana [Frazar: 1 é |] in Hayti [W. Cabot: 1 3,1 9 ], Barbados §
[8 ¢,12] (MC.Z) (Ballou, A. NV. 8.21 3); Gatapacos®, South Albemarle 9,
Charles °, Chatham °, Hood® Is. (U.S. VW. M.: 6 3,792).
Taken in January (Los Amates, Gualan, Santarem >), February (Teapa, Manaos °,
Hayti), March (Teapa, Mosqueiro 5, Galapagos), May (Galapagos), July (Guadalupe),
September (Barbados), and at Bonda in July, August, October, and November.
Tramea darwini *, based on a female with a much reduced basal wing-marking, has
been shown by Mr. Currie ® to vary greatly in this respect. His material is before me
and I cannot separate it from some of the examples from Ecuador, while the Haytian
female captured by W. Cabot has the basal brown spot of the hind Wings reaching no
farther backward than 1 mm. beyond the apex of the membranule.
2. Tramea longicauda, var. ?
(Tramea longicauda, Brauer, Verh, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xvii. p. 812 (1867) *.)
Tramea longicauda, var.?, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p- 514, t. 17. figg. 88, 89
(details 3) (1895)*; (8) Zool. i. p. 408 (1899) *.
Hab. LowEr Cauirornia, San José del Cabo? (Eisen, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3 ).—Mextco,
Mazatlan (A. WM. NV. H.: 1 specim.); Bririse Honpuras, Belize (Blancaneaur: 1 3);
GuateMALA, Livingston (Williamson, coll. ejusd.).—BRaziu!.
Taken in February at Livingston, in May and October? at San José del Cabo.
If it were not for the absence of the yellow pleural stripes, I would refer these
specimens to cophysa. Ihave pointed out® the differences from the type of longicauda,
but I do not care to inflict another specific name on this genus.
3. Tramea insularis.
Tramea insularis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 146 (1861)'; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 224
(1867) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xv. p. 374 (1878)°; xviii. p. 65 (1875) *; Scudder, ibid.
x. p. 191 (1866) ° (¢ only) ; xi. p. 299 (1867)°; Ubler, ibid. xi. p- 296 (1867) *.
The hyaline spot’ on the anal margin of the hind wings is absent in the male from Puerto Barrios and in
some of those from Samana. The females from the latter locality have the basal brown marking of the
hind wings varying from a band 4 mm. wide reaching the hind margin to one 1 mm. wide and stopping
3 mm. short of the hind margin, the width of the hyaline area along the anal margin likewise varying,
Reduced basal brown markings are also to be seen in the females from Key West and Lucea.
2r?
304 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Uxrrep Staves, Sanford and Key West‘ in Florida (M. C. Z.).—MeExi00,
Jalapa (F. D. G.: 2 6); British Honpuras, Belize [1 ¢]; Honpuras, Puerto Cortes
[1 ¢] (Williamson, coll. ejusd.) ; GUATEMALA, Puerto Barrios [1 ¢], Morales [8 ¢ ]
(Hine, O. 8. U.); Costa Rica, Cafias Gordas (coll. Adams, P. P. C. det. 1897).—
Banamas, Nassau, New Providence (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exp.: 13,12);
West Inpies, Cardenas? in Cuba! (Poey, in colls. Am. Ent. Soc., P. P. C.: 2 &),
Lucea (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exp.: 1 6,1 2) in Jamaica, Samana (Frazar,
M.C0.Z.:66,1192; coll. P. P.C. ex coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢) in Hayti 7, Isle of
Pines ® ®.
Taken in January (Belize, Lucea), February (Key West *, Cafias Gordas), March
(Guatemala, Honduras), May (Isle of Pines 5), November (Nassau), in Hayti from March
to May’, at Cardenas July to October *. .
4, Tramea abdominalis.
Libellula abdominalis, Rambur, Névr. p. 37 (1842) ’.
Tramea abdominalis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 145 (1861) *; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 223
(1867)°; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi, p. 292 (1867) *; xv. p. 374 (1873) °; xviii. p. 65
(1875) °; in J.M. Jones’ Visitors’ Guide to Bermuda (1876) ” (teste Verrill’) ; Kolbe, Archiv
f, Naturg. liv. 1, p. 167 (1888) °; Cabot, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. xvii. 1, p. 45 (1890) *
(nymph) ; Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jam. i. p. 257 (1893) °; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) xiv. p. 262 (1894); (6) xix. p. 599 (1897); Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci.
xi. pt. 2, pp. 818, 816 (1901-02) * ; Williamson, Ent. News, xiv. p. 228 (1903) ™*. .
Libellula basalis, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 441 (1857) * (nec Burm.).
Tramea insularis, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 191 (1866) *°; xi. p. 299 (1867)
(% only, ¢f. Hagen *’).
In the males from Jalapa, the hyaline spot on the anal margin of the hind wings varies in size from an area
of 3 X 1 mm. to almost complete absence. Mr. Kirby’s statement “ that “the dark space on the hind
wings .... in the female .. . . does not reach either” the inner margin or the anal angle, is not true for
the Key West, Bermudan, or Cuban females before me, although it applies to that from Barbados
(cf. Hagen *).
Hab. Norra Amertca!; Unrrep States, Nantucket I., Massachusetts 6, Fairfield in
Tennessee 4, Key West® (A. NW. S.: 1 6; M.C.Z.: 16,1 2), Floridaa—Mexico ?°
(U.S.N.M.: 1 3), Jalapa (PD. G2 4 3 ), Uruapan (Rhoads: 1 3); GuaTEmana, San
Gerénimo (Champion: 1 ¢), Gualan (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 8 ; Hine, O. S. U.:
1 ¢).—Brazit, Santarem 12, Parall, Rio Janeiro?!4; Brrmupas’, Hamilton 1.
[Snyder: 1 9]; West InprEs 1, Havana [ Baker: 1 ¢ | (coll. P. P. C.) and Cardenas ?
in Cuba!?) (M.C.Z.: 18 ), Isle of Pines 16, Hope Gardens near Kingston (Mazon,
U.S. N. M.: 1) and Bath (Mrs. Swainson 10) in Jamaica® 4, Samana (Frazar,
M.C.Z.: 4) in Hayti, Mayaguez (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3) in Porto Rico ®,
Guadeloupe !, St. Lucia !*, Barbados (A. N.S: 13; MO Z: 16,19),
Grenada !!.
TRAMEA. 305
Taken in January (Gualan, Santarem 12, Mayaguez), February (Key West), April
(Uruapan, Cardenas3), May (Hope Gardens, Isle of Pines 16), August (Nantucket 8),
September (Grenada 14), and October (Fairfield “, Hamilton I., Cardenas °).
5. Tramea lacerata.
Tramea lacerata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 145 (1861) *; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviil.
p. 65 (1875) ?; McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 92 (1874) *; Cabot, Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool. xvii. 1, p. 46, t. 6. fig. 1 (nymph) (1890) * ; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 3x. p. 255
(1898)*; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. iii. p. 347 (1895)°; Kellicott, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist.
xvii. p. 214 (1895)7; xviii. p. 112 (1896)*; Odon. Ohio, p. 94 (1899) ° ; Elrod, Ent. News,
ix. p. 9 (1898) *°; Davis, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 197 (1898) ™ ; Williamson, 24th Rep.
Geol. Indiana, p. 316 (1900); Ent. News, xiii. p. 111 (1902); xiv. p. 228 (1903) “;
Howard, Insect Book, t. 40. fig. 8 (g color.) (1901) *; Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus.
p. 539, t. 19. fig. 9 (nymph) (1901) **; Brimley, Ent. News, xvi. p. 92 (1906) *; Perkins,
Fauna Hawaiien. ii. pt. 2, Neur. p. 62 (1899) *.
Hab. Unitep States, New York to Iowa, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, and
Texas !-17, Florence in Arizona (Biedermann, A. N. S.: 16), Claremont [ Baker: 1 ¢ |
and Wilson’s Lake near Pasadena [Grinnell: 1 3] (coll. P. P. C.) in California.—
Mexico, Matamoros !.—Hawatan Isianps 218,
6. Tramea onusta.
Tramea onusta, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 144 (1861); Stett. ent. Zeit. xxvii. p. 222
(1867) ?; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 65 (1875) °; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2)
iv. p. 518, t. 17. figg. 85-87 (details 9) (1895)*; (3) Zool. i. p. 887 (1899) °; Kellicott,
Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 68 (1897) °; Odon. Ohio, p. 95 (1899)"; Dury, Journ.
Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 170 (1900)°; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 316
(1900)°; Ent. News, xiv. p. 228 (1903); Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 49,
fig. 3 (wings) (1903).
Specimens possessing the characters given for onusta on page 301 show differences in the colour of the superior
surface of the frons that seem possibly due to age. The males from Key West, Round Mt., Jalapa, and
Teapa, the females from Round Mt., Guadalajara, Teapa, and Sardinero have the frons yellowish or
luteous with no metallic or red colouring, although the Round Mt. male and one or two of the females
from more than one locality have a narrow obscure transverse stripe in front of the eyes. Males from
Texas (exact locality not known), Wilson’s Lake, Altamira, San Luis Potosi, Guadalajara, Amula, and
Tuxtla have the frons bright red, but in some of these a transverse metallic-violet or blue stripe in front
of the ocelli and eyes exists. Finally, in the males from Florida (exact locality not known), Mesilla, and
San José del Cabo the upper surface is more or less metallic-violet ; these last examples have the colours
of the body generally darker, and are consequently presumably older. In the oldest females before me,
those from Tepic and Cuernavaca, the upper surface of the frons is yellow with a narrow transverse
metallic stripe in front of the ocelli and eyes. Somewhat similar age-changes in the colour of the frons
appear to be indicated by the accessible material of 7. carolina, the nearest ally of onusta.
The size and shape of the basal brown marking of the hind wings vary much, especially in the females,
where it is smaller, more indented on both outer and inner edges, and less densely veined than in the
males. In the males it may extend out to the fourth antecubital and almost on the level thereof across
the entire width of the wing with but slight indentations on its distal margin, and with the deepest part
306 NEUROPTERA.
of the hyaline spot of the anal margin extending distad from that margin 3 mm. (Florida ¢). The
males from San Luis Potosi and Amula have the brown only a little less extensive. In the Jalapa male,
on the anterior margin of the wing the brown barely reaches the second antecubital, although it fills the
triangle, its distal margin is much jagged; the hyaline spot of the anal margin extends distad 4 mm. from
that margin so that a “neck” of brown remains, of but 3 mm. width, connecting the anterior and posterior
parts of the brown spot. In females from several localities (Round Mt., Guadalajara, Cuernavaca,
Sardinero), as well as in many males, the brown attains the third antecubital. The maximum on the
anterior part of the wing for the females from Teapa is the second antecubital, the minimum barely
beyond the first, the hyaline spot extends distad 4-5-5 mm. from the anal margin, the “ neck” of brown
is reduced in width to 2°5-2 mm., the brown falls short of reaching the hind margin by 3-3°5 mm.
Two features, but not invariable, which distinguish most onusta from most carolina, are the existence of but
a single row of cells, (a) between the two sectors of the triangle, and (6) 3 in the anal loop *, of the hind
wings, carolina having two rows in at least parts of these two areas.
Hab. Univep States, Columbus? and Cincinnati?’ in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois %,
Tennessee !°, Missouri 9, Oklahoma®, Key West? [1 ¢] in Florida [1 ¢ |, Dallas %,
Round Mt. [Schaupp: 1 3,3 9] (A. N.S.), Carrizo Springs (1. C. Z.), Esperanzo
Ranch near Brownsville (Schaeffer, Brookl. Inst.: 1 3), and Pecos River! in Texas
[colls. A. NV. S., P. P. C.: 2 3 |, Mesilla [Cockerell: 1 3 | in New Mexico, Wilson’s
Lake near Pasadena | Grinnell: 1 3 | in California ; Lower CatirorniA, Mesa Verde 4,
Sierra El Taste 4, Miraflores 4, San José del Cabo‘ [Hisen: 1 3] (coll. P. P. C.).—
Mexico (Schumann: 1 2), Matamoros!, Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 38,
Lampazos (coll. Deam: 1 2), Mazatlan’, Tepic® [1 2 ], Guadalajara [4 3, 2 2]
(Schumann), San Luis Potosi (Hoag, A. V. 8.: 1 3), Jalapa (F. D. G.: 1 3 ), Cuerna-
vaca (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 1 9), Teapa [3 3, 3 2], Tuxtla [1 3] near Amula
[13a] (H. H. Smith) in Guerrero; Panama *.—Wesr Inpizs, Sardinero (Robinson,
A. N. S.: 1 2) in Cuba 23, St. Thomas °, Guadeloupe °.
Excluding the northern part of its range, 7. onusta has been taken in January
(Sardinero), February (Teapa), March (Mesilla), May (Esperanzo Ranch), June
(Altamira), July (id., Wilson’s Lake, Lampazos, Altamira, Tepic, Guadalajara), August
(Tuxtla), September (S. Luis Potosi, Amula), October (Mazatlan °, Cuernavaca), and
November (Tepic°); in Lower California in May, September, and October ¢.
The colour-changes of the frons described above may seem to throw some doubt on
the employment of the coloration of this part as a specific character in 7. cophysa,
insularis, and abdominalis. In those species, however, not only have no such great
changes been observed in individuals of different ages, but also the different colours
are associated with different structural characters, which is not the case with the
different colours observed on the frons of 7. onusta.
* Anal loop is here used, as first defined by Profs. Comstock and Needham, Amer. Nat. xxxii. p. 910 (1898),
to include the area enclosed by A, and A,, and not that between A, and A,, as Prof. Needham’s fig. 17 in his
‘ Genealogic Study ’ (1903) would seem to imply.
PANTALA. 307
PANTALA.
Pantala, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 141 (1861) ; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii.
pp. 364, 713 (1868) ; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 258, 265 (1889); Cat. Odon.
p. 1 (1890); Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 223 (1893) ; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol.
Indiana, pp. 249, 314 (1900) ; Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 508, 509 (1901).
There are two known species :—
Body yellowish, hind wings yellowish between the anal margin and the proximal
subbasal sector (A;), but no brown spot there, wings often a little brownish at
tips, superior appendages of the male 3°5 mm. long, inferior appendage two-
thirds as long. Abdomen, ¢ 29-33, ? 32-34; hind wing, ¢ 41-42, 9 39°5-
41 mm. Be ee ew we 1. flavescens.
Body greenish, hind wings with a brown spot between anal margin and the
proximal subbasal sector, superior appendages of the male 3 mm. long, inferior
appendage three-fourths as long. Abdomen, gf 285-32, 9 30-32; hind
wing, ¢ 89-42, 9 42-44mm. . . . . . ee hymenea.
1. Pantala flavescens.
Libellula flavescens, Fabr. Ent. Syst., Suppl. p. 285 (1798) *.
Pantala flavescens, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 142 (1861) ?; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii.
p. 63 (1875) °; McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. (2) vii. p. 254 (1896)‘; Kriiger, Stett. ent.
Zeit. 1902, p. 79°.
_ (Two of these cited’* contain extensive bibliographies, but do not include the following
references to the occurrence of this species in the New World.)
Pantala fiavescens, Kolbe, Archiv f. Naturg. liv. 1, p. 167 (1888) ° ; Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soe. xx.
p. 537 (1890); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 262 (1894) °; (6) xix. p. 599 (1897) °;
Calvert, Ent. News, v. p. 324 (1894) ; Occas. Papers, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 6, p. 36
(1905); Kellicott, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 214 (1895); xviii. p. 112
(1896) *; Odon. Ohio, p. 93 (1899) “; Davis, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 197 (1898) "’;
Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 315 (1900) **; Ent. News, xii. p. 111 (1902);
xiv. p. 228 (1903) ; Burnham, Proc. Manchester [N. H.] Inst. Arts & Sci. i. p. 85 (1900) ”;
ii. p. 42 (1901) *; Howard, Insect Book, t. 42. fig. 1 (entire insect) (1901) *; Currie, Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 385 (1901) *; Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. p- 5389 (1901) *
(nymph); Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 50. fig. 3 (wings) (1903) *; xxvii. p. 712, t. 40. fig. 5
(nymph) (1904) *°; Brimley & Sherman, Ent. News, xv. p. 101 (1904) *; Brimley, ibid.
xvii. p. 92 (1906) ”.
Pentala flavescens, Hart, Ann. Rep. Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 1891, p. 9 (1892) *.
Herr Kriiger says’ of this species that it “variirt....so gut wie iiberhaupt nicht.” Variations in the
venation do indeed occur, as in the number of antecubitals and postcubitals, in the density of the area
between the subnodal sector and the supplementary sector next below, in the arrangement of the post-
triangular rows, in the position of the proximal side of the triangle relative to the arculus of the hind
wing, in the number of cells in the internal triangle of the front wing—but these variations do not
appear to be peculiar to any particular locality.
308 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Unrrep Status 23 10-20 2627, New Hampshire 19 2° to Wisconsin °, south to Key
West, Florida [1 ¢,1 2], Tennessee !®, Missouri”, and Texas*, Carr Canyon, Hua-
chuca Mts., in Arizona [ Skinner: 1 3] (A. V.S.); Lower CALIFORNIA, Sierra El Taste,
Mesa Verde, San José del Cabo (Calvert, in op., 1895, not 1893/94 as cited by Kriiger °).
—Mexico, Fuente [1 ¢,1 2], Matamoros, Victoria in Tamaulipas [Barrett: 1 9 |
(coll. P. P. C.) (Rhoads, A. N. S.: 1 9), Linares [Barrett: 1 3], La Joya [Hoag :
1 2] in San Luis Potosi, Mazatlan®, Jalapa (Ff. D. G.: 2 3), Cordova (Howard,
U. 8. VN. M.: 1 3), Frontera [1 @] and Teapa[4 ¢, 4 2 | in Tabasco, Rio Papagaio
in Guerrero [1 2 ] (H. H. Smith), Tehuantepec (coll. Deam: 2 2); GuaTemaLa (coll.
McLachlan: 1 3), Cubilguitz [2 ¢], San Gerénimo [3 3g] (Champion), Livingston
(Wilson, M. C. Z.), Puerto Barrios [Deam: 3 ¢ +1 pair), Los Amates [1 ¢ |, Gualan
[1 ¢,1 2], Zacapa [5 o |, El Rancho [2 ¢,1 2 ], Escuintla [2 ¢ | (Willcamson, coll.
ejusd.); Costa Rica, San José (Underwood: 2 3), Caché (Rogers: 1 3); Panama
(Cabot in op. cit. ab Kriiger®), Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 1 ¢ ).—CoLomBra
(coll. Westcott: 1 2), Bonda[8 3, 4 2] and Onaca [1 2] (H. H. Smith, Carn, Mus.
Pittsb.) in Dept. Magdalena; Venezveta?; Surinam2; Ecuapor, Babahoyo [2 ¢ ],
El Salado [2 3,1 2], Bucay [1 ¢ ], Guayaquil [2 2 ] (Campos R., A. N. S.); Brazit,
Para ?°, Santarem 9, Fernando Noronha’, Sao Paulo (Hempel, A. NV. S.: 1 3), Rio
Grande do Sul (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 2); Paraguay, Sapucay (Loster,
U. S. N. M.: 1 3); Bottvia, near Coroico (Gerhart, A. N. S.: 2 3); West INDIEs,
Havana [baker: 1 Q], Little Town (teste Cabot), Cardenas ? and Santa Ana
(Hamilton, A. N. S.: 1 3) in Cuba’, Half-way Tree [Aaron: 1 3] (P. P. @.) and
Port Morant (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exp.: 1 3) in Jamaica, Hayti?, Porto
Rico ®, St. Thomas 2, Martinique 2, St. Vincent 8, Barbados® (Ballou, A. N. S.: 1 3),
Grenada ®, Trinidad 28; Gatapagos 2, Charles I. (U.S. VW. M.: 2 29 ).—Warmer parts
of Asta 2° (India), Arrica?®, AustRatia?®, ISLANDS OF THE Paciric Ocran 2°, &c.
Taken at various localities in the United States from July to October 1**°; at
Victoria, Tamaulipas, in January and in July; in Tabasco and Guatemala, January to
Match ; in Lower California, Mazatlan, and Rio Papagaio, September and October; in
December at Tehuantepec.
Two other facts, although taken from the Eastern Hemisphere, strikingly illustrate
the distribution of this species, well known?°® as the most wide-spread of all the
Odonata. It occurs at many places, of course, at the sea-level; specimens in the
M.C. Z. are labelled as from Jalloree Passin the Himalayas, 11,300 feet (3470 metres).
Mr. McLachlan has recorded+ the appearance of “numerous” individuals on the
P. & O. steamer ‘ Victoria,’ on April 11th, 1896, at 11 P.m., ‘* the wind moderate from
eastward with heavy rain,” the “ nearest land Keeling Island, N., 20° W., 290 miles ;
N.W. of Australia, S., 70° E., 900 miles.”
PANTALA,.—PERITHEMIS. 309
2. Pantala hymenza.
Libellula hymenea, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 18 (1839) *.
Pantala hymenea, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 142 (1861)*; Stett. ent. Zeit. xxviii. p. 217
(1867) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 64 (1875)*; Walsh, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1862, p. 400°; McLachlan, Ent. Monthly Mag. xi. p. 92 (1874)*; Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond. 1877, p. 84"; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 254 (1893) °; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.
(2) iv. p. 512, t. 17. fige. 90-91 (details gf) (1895)°; Banks, Ent. News, v. p. 179 (1894) *°;
Kellicott, Journ. Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 109 (1896) "; xix. p. 70 (1897) ; Odon.
Ohio, p. 93 (1899) *; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 815 (1900)**; Dury, Journ.
Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 169 (1900) *; Howard, Insect Book, t. 42. fig. 4 (entire
insect) (1901) * ; Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 885 (1901) "7; Proc. Ent. Soe. Wash.
v. p. 803 (1903) *.
Pantalia hymenea, Laurent, Ent. News, viii. p. 208 (1897) ®.
The same venational variations occur in this species that have been mentioned on page 307 for P. flavescens,
but equally without reference to any particular locality. I have been unable to find any constant
difference between examples from the United States and those from Ecuador.
Hab. Unttep States, Sea Isle City 19 in New Jersey, Philadelphia 8 [1 ¢ ], Ohio 11-13 5,
Indiana !, Havana [ Adams: 1 ¢ ] in Mlinois 5, Volga [Zruman: 1 2 ] (coll. P. P. C.) in
South Dakota’, Kansas 1°, Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville (Schaeffer, Brookt.
Inst.: 1 2) and Pecos River? in Texas (4. VW. S.: 1 ¢,1 2), Las Cruces (Cockerell,
coll. P. P.C.: 13) in New Mexico 8, Florence (Biederman, A. N. S.: 22), Ehrenburg
(Brookl. Inst.: 138) and Hot Springs (Schwarz & Barber 8) in Arizona; Lower
Catirornia, Corral de Piedras ®, Mesa Verde 9, Miraflores®, San José del Cabo 9.—
Mexico, Matamoros”, Mazatlan * (Crotch, M. C. Z.), Rio Papagaio [1 9° ] and Acapulco
[1 ¢ | in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Honpuras (coll. McLachlan: 13 ).—Couomsia,
Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (HZ. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitisb.: 16); Ecuapor, Posorja
[22], Santa Elena [4,12 ], Guayaquil [1 2 ] (Campos R., A. NV. S.); Perv, Payta ®;
Cute’; West Inpigs, Cardenas? in Cuba; Gauapacgos’, Charles I. (U. S.
N. M.: 12).
The dated specimens from the United States, Lower California, Mexico, Cuba, and
the Galapagos were taken between June and October. Of those from other countries
I have no information.
PERITHEMIS.
Perithemis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 185 (1861)*; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
XVill. pp. 365, 718 (1868) *; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 259, 262, 273 (1889) ° ;
Cat. Odon. p. 10 (1890) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 224 (1893) °; Kellicott,
Odon. Ohio, p. 92 (1899) *; Williamson, 24th Rept. Geol. Indiana, p. 250 (1900)7; Needham
& Betten, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 506, 508 (1901) ° *.
* A character given for this genus by Mr. Williamson’ (“triangle of front wing free”), as well as one
employed by Prof. Needham * (“subtriangle without cross-veins”), applies only to the local forms of the
fauns treated by these authors.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., February 1907. as
310 NEUROPTERA.
An American genus, the number of whose species has yet to be definitely ascertained.
All members of the present fauna are to be referred to one variable form.
1. Perithemis domitia.
Libellula domitia, Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist. ii. t. 45. fig. 4 (g in colours) and Index (1773) *; ibid.
Westwood’s edit. ii. p. 83, t. 45. fig. 4 (id.) (1837)?; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. pp. 185, 319
(1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. pp. 82, 93 (1875)*; Calvert, Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 402 (1899)°; Ris, Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 30
(1904) °.
The males and females having their wings quite dissimilarly coloured, it is often a
matter of difficulty to correlate the sexes of the various forms under which this species
appears. Some aid in this attempt is furnished by the venation, whence it follows
that a given peculiarity of venation possessed by both sexes is a more important
diagnostic character than the markings of the wings exhibited by the female alone.
On this basis it is possible to distinguish several forms of this species, connected
with each other by intermediates (and hence not entitled to specific rank), but whose
geographical distribution is not yet sufficiently known to enable them to be regarded
as subspecies in the sense of the Code of the American Ornithologists’ Union. The
forms found in Mexico and Central America are :—
A. Hind wings with the discoidal triangle 2- or more-celled, no single cell
reaching across the entire width of the post-triangular field, usually
6 antecubitals ; front wings with discoidal and internal triangles two-
or more-celled, and with 3 (or 2 increasing to 3 at the level of
origin of subnodal sector) post-triangular rows ; wings of the female
banded with brown, the distal band having its proximal edge at the
nodus or more remote . . . . . . . «© © © «© «© « © « . Form intensa.
AA. Hind wings with the discoidal triangle free, one or more single cells
reaching across the entire width of the post-triangular field, usually 5
antecubitals ; front wings with the discoidal triangle free, internal
triangle one- or more-celled, two post-triangular rows increasing to
three rows at the level of origin of subnodal sector, or at the level of
the nodus or beyond, which three rows continue to, or almost to,
the wing-margin.
[B. Wings of the female yellow for their entire width from base to
nodus, and in only the costal space from nodus to stigma . . . . Form domitia type ?]
BB. Wings of the female yellowish or yellowish-brown in the costal
space from base almost to stigma, in the subcostal space from base
to nodus or slightly beyond, in the submedian space and for one or
two cells between the sectors of the arculus; hind wings sometimes
with a small brown dot at extreme apex .. . er . Form iris.
BBB. Wings of the female with two transverse brown or ‘blackish bands,
the distal band having its proximal edge several cells proximal to
PERITHEMIS, 311
the nodus and connected anteriorly with the other band which lies
at the triangle . 2 6. 1 ee ee ee ee ew ee 6 «Form mooma.
BBBB. Wings of the female with two transverse brown bands, the distal
band having its proximal edge at the nodus or more remote and not
connected with the other band . . ~~...» «© « « « « Form #enera.
Of especial importance is the fact that intermediates exist connecting these forms with each other
as set forth below.
The males corresponding in venation to, and occurring in the same localities as, the
females above described, all have the wings almost uniformly amber or yellow; even in
the same locality they vary as to the presence or absence of a distinctly darker spot or
dot at the distal angle of the discoidal triangle. No structural details other than the
venation have been found to differ in the various males. As may be seen from an
inspection of the above synopsis, no means are known whereby a “ domitia type ” male
may be distinguished from an iris male, or a mooma male from a tenera male. In the
following lists the males are grouped with females, according to locality.
a. Form intensa. (Tab. VI. figg. 10-18.)
Perithemis intensa, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 326, t. 51. fig. 7 (3 col.) (1889).
Perithemis intensa, var. californica, Martin, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1900, p. 104 *.
Perithemis domitia, Calvert, 1. c.’ (Tepic examples).
g. A clearer, but not altogether colourless, area between the nodus and the triangle exists in not a few of
the present material (Arizona, Presidio de Magatlan, Amula, Guadalajara), as has been described by
Ris® for examples from Buenos Aires. This clearer area may or may not be accompanied by a dark
spot at the distal angle of the discoidal triangle, even in the same locality (Amula), The Yucatan
males have more uniformly amber-coloured wings, without this spot or the clearer area.
Q. The range of variation in the markings of the wings of the female is well shown on our plate.
Dimensions :—
Florence, Ariz. Tepic 5. Guadalajara. Amula. Temax.
Abdomen, ¢ ...++--- 15-16 13-155 16°5-18 15-18 13-15°5 mm.
” Dec eeeee wees 15 16-18 ’ 16 wees gg
Hind wing, d....«-.- 20-22 18-21 21-5-23 19-22'5 18-21 ,,
” a eee 20 22°5-25'5 21-22°5 wees 99
Hab. Unirep States, Florence (Biederman, A. N. S.: 10 ¢), Salt River [1 ¢ ] and
Catalina Mts. [1 ¢ ] (Oslar, coll. Wilmsn.) in Arizona; LOWER CatiFornia (Diguet §).—
Mexico, Fuente (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Mengel: 43,29), Mazatlan (Crotch, M. C.Z.:
1¢), Presidio de Mazatlan (Forrer: 3 ¢ ), Sierra Madre (Richardson: 1 ¢ ) of Tepic ,
Guadalajara (Schumann: 3 3,5 2) [McClendon, Tower: 1 3, 8 2] and Zopopan
(Tower: 12 | (voll. P. P. C.) in Jalisco, Sochitepec (H. H. Smith: 1 3 ), Cuernavaca
[14], Iguala (5 6 | (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.) and Puente de Ixtla (coll. Deam: 5 3) in
Morelos, Amula [196,59] and Savana Grande [2 ¢ | (Z. H. Smith) in Guerrero,
Temax [9 ¢ ], Valladolid [1 ¢ ] (Gauwmer) and Tabi (F. D. G.: 56) in Yucatan.
2s2
312 NEUROPTERA.
Taken in April and May in Arizona, from June to November in the Mexican localities.
This is the most densely veined form of Perithemis so far known in North America.
It is the only form yet found west of the Sierra Madre and north of the Isthmus of
Tehuantepec, but it also occurs east thereof at Fuente and in Yucatan, facts yet to be
explained. From notes and photographs which Dr. Ris has kindly sent me, it appears
that many of the Perithemis which he collected at San Isidro, near Buenos Aires,
in Argentina ®, have almost the identical venation of intensa, and the wings of the
females tend toward traces of transverse bands located as in intensa. All of these
he regards as the form described by de Selys as tcteroptera*. A question for future
determination is whether intensa and icteroptera have a continuous geographical
distribution or are illustrations of independent acquisition of similar characters
(convergence). At San Isidro were also taken two females of form mooma, vide postea.
Intermediates between forms intensa and tenera.
The banding of the wings of the females of these two forms is very similar, so that the differences are mainly
in venation. The following individuals present intermediate conditions of venation :—
A female from Florence, Ariz. (Biederman, A. N.S.), abd. 15°5, hind wing 21 mm., bas the wing-bands
approximately as in Tab. VI. fig. 11, except that the distal band is narrower, 2-3 mm.; front wings with
discoidal triangle 2-celled, internal triangle free, three post-triangular cells, then two rows increasing to
three rows near level of origin of subnodal sector, decreasing to two cells (right) or rows (left) near level
of nodus, again increasing to three rows, again decreasing to two cells (right) or rows (left), terminating
in three rows (four cells, right) at the margin ; hind wings with triangle 2-celled (right) or free (left), a
single cell reaching across the whole width of the post-triangular field on the right but not on the left,
6 antecubitals.
A female from Catalina Mts., Ariz. (Oslar, coll. Wilmsn.), of the same size, similar wing-banding, distal band
narrower, 1°5—2 mm., has front wings with discoidal triangle 2-celled, internal triangle free, two post-
triangular rows from triangle out to beyond nodus-level (interrupted by three rows for two cells before
the nodus on left side only); both hind wings with triangle 2-celled, a single cell reaching across the
whole width of the post-triangular field on the right side only, 6 antecubitals.
A female from Las Bocas, Durango (Batty, A. M. N. H.), abd. 14, hind wing 19 mm., wing-markings
approximately as in Tab. VI. fig. 14, has front wings with ail triangles free, two post-triangular rows to
beyond nodus-level (interrupted by three rows for two cells before the nodus on left side only); both
hind wings with triangles 2-celled, a single cell reaching across the whole width of the post-triangular
field on the left side only, 6 antecubitals.
Less strongly-marked and mostly asymmetrical deviations toward tenera venation are displayed by a number of
the individuals of both sexes listed under intensa above (cf. Calvert’, tables p. 405).
[b. Form domitia.
Perithemis domitia, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 325 (1889) °; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
(6) iv. p. 282 (1889) *°; ? Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 198 (1866) ™.
? Libellula domitia, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 855 (1839); Calv. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p. 75 (1898) **.
Libellula metella, Selys in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 451 (1857) ™.
As has been previously pointed out’*, the figure of domitia given by Drury’ is asymmetrical in the cells of the
triangles and, even if it accurately represents the specimen from which it was made, cannot possess any
* In Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 401 (1857).
PERITHEMIS. 313
definite taxonomic value on account of its asymmetry. We may therefore accept the re-definition of the
type form as given by Mr. Kirby °”.
The present material has on the front wings the internal triangle free (3 wings 3, 3 wings @ ) or 2-celled
(13 wings $, 1 wing 9), the two post-triangular rows increasing to three rows near the level of origin
of the subnodal sector or, in the Haytian female, near the level of the nodus.
Hab. West Inpies, Cuba™ (Poey, Amer. Ent. Soc.: 138; Gundlach, Wright,
M.C.Z.: 28,19), Isle of Pines 4, Jamaica! 91° [2 ¢ ], Hayti [ Abbott: 23 | (A. N.S.),
Samana in the last-named (Frazar, colls. P. P.C., M. C. Z.: 18,12), San Domingo,
St. Croix 12 13,
As form iris also occurs in Cuba, the above-listed Cuban males may belong thereto. |
ec. Form iris.
Perithemis domitia, var. iris, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 185 (1861) *.
? Perithemis domitia, Kirby, Anu, & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) iii. p. 863 (1899) **.
i, Front wings with two post-triangular rows increasing to three rows at the level of origin of the subnodal
sector, or 1—2 cells beyond, the internal triangle more often 2-celled but sometimes free, irrespective of
locality (Misantla, Teapa, Pantaleon, Santa Lucia) or symmetry. Only one male, that from Guatemala
in McLachlan’s collection, has a dark spot at the distal angle of the discoidal triangles.
Dimensions :—
Misantla. Teapa. Santa Lucia.
Abdomen, 5g ........ 145-15 14-145 13-15 mm.
Hind wing, od ........ 19-19°5 18-5-19 165-19 ,,
The female from Puerto Barrios measures: abdomen 12:5, hind wing 19 mm.
Hab. Mexico’, Misantla (F. D. G.: 3 ¢), San Lorenzo Cordova (Trujillo: 1 3)
and Atoyac [6 ¢ ] in Vera Cruz, Teapa [15 ¢ | in Tabasco (Z. H. Smith), Izamal
(Gaumer, Field Columb. Mus. Chicago: 16) in Yucatan, Isthmus of Tehuantepec
(Sumichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 3); Gtatemata (Salvin, coll. McLachlan: 1 8 ), Pencajche,
Polochic valley (Schumo, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Pantaleon [4 ¢], Cubilguiltz [1 ¢]
(Champion), San Felipe (Mazon & Hay, U.S. N. M.: 1 3), Puerto Barrios (Hine,
0. 8. U.: 1 3) [Deam: 1 ¢], Livingston [1 ¢ ], Los Amates [Deam: 1 3], Gualan
[4 3], Escuintla (2 ¢], Santa Lucia [6 ¢ | (coll. Wilmsn.) (Hine, 0. S. U.: 4 3);
NicaraGua, Chontales (Janson: 13); Costa Rica, Esparta (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 13);
Panama, Chiriqui (McLachlan: 13), ?La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler 16).—Cotompia,
Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 3); Venezveta
[Appun: 1 ¢]; Braziu [1 ¢](M. C. Z.); West Inpigs, Cuba (Poey, IW. C. Z.: 12).
Taken in January (Guatemala, Esparta), February (Teapa, Guatemala), March
(Misantla, P. Barrios), April (Teapa), May (Atoyac), and August (Bonda).
Here may also belong the P. domitia from Corinto, Colombia, of Prinzessin Therese *.
Nine males from Sapucay, Paraguay (Foster, U. S. N. M.) have almost the same
venation, but seven of them have one more antecubital (6) on the hind wings; the
hind wing is a little longer: abdomen 13:5-15°5, hind wing 19-21'5 mm.
* Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 259 (1900).
314 NEUROPTERA.
ii. Front wings with two post-triangular rows increasing to three rows near the level of origin of the
subnodal sector, decreasing to two rows at or a little proximal to the level of the nodus, again increasing
to three rows beyond the nodus, and so continuing to the margin, internal triangle free.
None of these males have a darker spot at the distal angle of the discoidal triangles. One from Gualan and
another from Sanarate have the post-triangular rows of the front wings asymmetrically as given here
under ii., and as below under iii. The post-triangular rows of the front wings of 1 g 12 Amatitlan,
2 ¢ Gualan, are asymmetrically as here given under i. and ii, The Amatitlan females lack any apical
spot or marking on the hind wings, there is very little colour in the submedian spaces, and the subcostal
vein is bordered with blackish-brown from base to first antecubital on the hind wings, to a less distance
on the front.
Abdomen, ¢ 9 13-13°5; hind wing, 3 18-18°5, 9 19-20 mm. (Amatitlan).
” 3 12-135; ,, » 6 16-19 mm. (Santa Lucia).
Hab. Mzxico, Teapa (H. H. Smith: 1 3); Guatemata, Gualan [7 ¢ ], Zacapa [1 ¢ ],
El Rancho [1 ¢ ], Sanarate [3 ¢], Amatitlan [3 ¢, 2 2], Laguna [1 ¢ ], Santa Lucia
[5 ¢ | (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Willmsn., O. S. U.).
Taken in January and February.
iii. Front wings with two post-triangular rows increasing to three rows near the level of the nodus and
so continuing to, or almost to, the wing-margin, internal triangle free.
The males have no darker wing-spots. The females are coloured as the preceding Amatitlan females, except
that one Amatitlan female has a yellow band less than 1 mm. wide half-way across the wings just
beyond the nodus.
Abdomen, 6 125, 9 12°5-13; hind wing, ¢ 17, 9 18-18°5 (Laguna).
» 6 13-14, 913-135; ,, 4, o 18-185, 2 18-19-5 (Amatitlan).
Hab. Guatemaua, Laguna (Maxon & Hay, U.S.N.M.: 138)[1 46,22 |, Santa Lucia
[1 ], Lake west of Guatemala City [1 9 ], El Rancho [1 ¢ ], between Gualan and
El Rancho [1 ¢ |, Amatitlan [2 ¢,5 2] (Williamson, Miller, Hine, colis. Wilimsn.,
0. S. U.).
Taken in January and February, by Mr. Williamson; March 10, by Messrs.
Maxon & Hay.
A male from Colon, Panama (Howland, coll. Needham), abd. 14, hind wing 18 mm.,
has the post-triangular rows on the right front wing as given above under i., on the
left front wing as under iii., the internal triangle free on both sides.
I know of no means of distinguishing the males listed under iris from males with
the same venational peculiarities mentioned under forms domitia, mooma, or tenera.
The identification of this form as 277s, Hagen, rests solely on my interpretation of the
brief description, as Mr. Henshaw has written me in answer to a special inquiry
concerning Hagen’s type: “I cannot find Perithemis iris so labelled. There are
several Brazilian specimens and some Mexican [in the M. C. Z.], but none from
Alvarado” (ef. Hagen 15),
d. Form mooma. (Tab. VI. figg. 19-27 *.)
Perithemis mooma, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) iv. p. 283 (1889) ””.
* On the second line from the bottom of the explanation of Pl. VI. for 37 and 44 respectively, read
20 and 27.
PERITHEMIS. 315
Front wings with two post-triangular rows increasing to three rows near the level of the nodus and so
continuing to, or almost to, the wing-margin, internal triangle free.
Some of the males from San Lorenzo show feebly-marked brown spots at the distal angle of the discoidal
triangles, others from the same locality none at all. Altamira males have such a spot, the nodus
narrowly bordered with blackish, and a blackish streak in the subcostal space of the hind wings as far as
the first antecubital.
Our figures show a wide range of variation in wing-markings of the females from one and the same locality,
but still other modifications are presented by other specimens of the same sex. The Louisiana female
has the bands as much fused as shown in Tab. VI. fig. 27, but paler and more reddish, with no connection
between the wing-bases and the fused bands, and the costal spaces almost colourless from base to nodus.
One female from San Lorenzo has the wings approximately as in fig. 22, the other and larger has the
bands and their connections with each other and with the wing-base deep yellow, with no brown,
the distal band reaching across the entire width of the wings and from the level of the penultimate
antecubital (front wing) or nodus (hind wing) to the stigma. The female from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec
has the bands reddish-brown, of nearly the size shown in fig, 22, but hardly connected with each other
or with the bases of the wings. The markings of the wings of the Morales female correspond very
closely with those of the type’’, in that the “curved and pointed” second, or nodal, band reaches back
only as far as the lower sector of the arculus (short sector); a further shortening of the bands would
result in the markings being confined to the anterior margin of the wing as in iris, and for which tho
Amatitlan female specially mentioned under iris, iii., forms a connecting-link. One female from Rio
Grande do Sul has the bands yellow, the brown in them reduced to still smaller spots than in fig. 19;
another has the bands dark reddish-brown, but the connection between them is a streak confined to the
subcostal space, which also furnishes the only connection of the proximal (or triangle) band with the base ;
in the third female the connections of the bands with each other and with the base are wider, the pattern
thus formed being very similar to that of fig. 22, although the colours are of a paler, more reddish-brown.
These three females are a little larger (see below) than those from Mexico and Central America, which
is not the case with those from Corrientes and Sapucay ; these last two offer another peculiarity in that,
with a wing-pattern approximating fig. 22 (but in paler, reddish-brown), there is no connection between
the proximal (or triangle) band and the base.
Dimensions (in mm.) :—
Altamira. San Lorenzo. Panzos. R. G. do Sul. Corrientes. Sapucay.
Abdomen, d .... 145 12-13 wees eae sees 145
* se) 12°5-14°5 13°5-15 11°5-12°5 14-14°5 12:5 13
Hind wing, ¢. 17:5-19 16 cea see wee 18
oon Qe eee 17-19 18-19 16°5-18 19-21 18 18
Hab. Unirev States, Louisiana [Schaum: 1 2 |.—Mexico [Sallé: 1 2 with label
«7. tenuicincta, 2, var.,” in Selys’s hand] (M. C. Z.), Altamira in Tamaulipas [3 ¢,
11 2], San Luis Potosi [1 ¢ ] (Hoag, colls. A. N. S., P. P.C.), Camaron (1 ¢ ), Atoyac
(H. Hi. Smith: 1 3), Tlacotalpam (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 1 2), San Lorenzo Cordova
(Trujillo: 5 ¢,2 2), Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Swmichrast, M. C. Z.: 1 2); Guatz-
maLA, Panzos in Vera Paz (Champion: 3 2), Livingston (Wilson, M.C. Z.: 1 3),
Morales (iine, O. S. U.: 1 2), Gualan (Deam, Wilmsn., coll. Wlimsn.: 3 3).—
VENEZUELA, La Guayra (Lyon & Robinson, U. S. N. M.: 13); Braau (Mrs. Munroe
& coll. Charp., M. C. Z.: 148,12), Rio Grande do Sul (v. Jhering, A. N.S.: 12,
39); Paraguay, Sapucay (Poster, U. S. N. M.: 136,12); ARceEntina, Corrientes
(Perren, coll. P. P. C. ex coll. McLachlan: 1 2); Wesr Inpixs, Jamaica 1’,
Taken in January (Gualan), March (Morales, Sapucay 2), May (Atoyac), June
316 NEUROPTERA.
(Altamira, Camaron), July (Altamira, Tlacotalpan, La Guayra), September (Altamira,
S. Luis Potosi), and November (Sapucay ¢ ).
The specimens above enumerated under mooma have the same venation as those of
iris, iii. Extra-faunal individuals with venation as of iris, ii., but with the wing-bands
of the female as in mooma, are two males and a female from Cordova, Argentina
(M. C. Z.). Asis evident from the notes and photographs which he has kindly sent
me, the two females from San Isidro, Argentina, described by Dr. Ris * in the paragraph
beginning “2 @ endlich zeigen in der Dreieckgegend,” &c., have the wing-bands as in
mooma and the venation of Zris, i.
e. Form tenera.
Libellula tenera (?), L. tenuicincta ($), Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 81 (1839) ”*.
Perithemis domitia, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 185 (1861)"° (var. 1 only); Stett. ent. Zeit.
xxiv. p. 375 (1863) *; Hitchings, Ent. News, iii. p. 39 (1892) ” ; Banks, 1. c. v. p. 179 (1894) *;
Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 264 (1893) *; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool.i. p. 402,
(1899) * (in part.) ; Kellicott, Canad. Ent. xxvi. p. 847 (1894) * ; Odon. Ohio, p. 112 (1899) * ;
Needham, Outdoor Studies, figg. 58, 59 (¢ 9) (1898) ”; Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. p. 433,
fize. 8 A, C, p. 478, fig. 17 (nymph details), p. 512, t. 19. fig. 8 (egg), t. 24. figg. 8,4 (o 2)
(1901) *; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 48. fig. 8 (wings ¢) (1903) *; Williamson, 24th Rep.
Geol. Indiana, p. 317 (1900) °°; Ent. News, xiv. p. 229 (1903) *; Howard, Insect Book, t. 40.
figg. 2(3), 4, 6(9 ¢) (1901) *; Butler, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxx. p. 124, t. 6. fig. 5
(nymphal labium) (1904) *.
Perithemis domitia tenera, Calv. Occas. Papers, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 6, p. 42 (1905) ™.
Libellula chlora, Ramb. Névr. p. 125 (1842) *.
The Matamoros example approaches, in wing-pattern, our fig. 18, Tab. VI., but the colours are much paler—
pale yellowish-brown ; there is the faintest trace of a smoky brownish band, ‘5 mm. wide, along the hind
margin of the hind wings from the transverse nodal band to the apex. This brownish margin is also
faintly indicated in one female from Carrizo Springs, Texas (Schaupp, M. C. Z.), while in the other female
from that locality it is more distinct and yellowish-brown. These three specimens consequently recall
one of the conditions found in all the Floridan Perithemis which I have seent, while two females from
* Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 32 (1904).
+ A brief note on the Floridan females was published in 18938, They vary much in having the transverse
proximal (triangle) and distal (nodal) bands separate or fused on front or hind wings, or both (when separate
the intervening space is deep yellow), and in having the proximal band connected, or unconnected, with the
base on the hind pair (in no example before me does a complete connection between proximal band and base
of the front wings exist), In all, the transverse distal band of the front wings extends to the stigma, and
from this band a marginal band of the same colour (brown), *5-1°5 mm. wide, extends along the hind margin
to the apex. When this hind-marginal band of the front wings is best developed, there remains a colourless
area of only 3mm. length near the apex. The venation of these females is that of iris, iii., of the text above
(occasionally as in iris, ii., but then with the discoidal triangles of hind wings 2-celled). Abdomen 11-18, hind
wing 14{5-18°5 mm. As this wing-pattern seems to be distinct in the Floridan specimens, I think it convenient
to designate them by the subspecific name Perithemis domitia seminole, subsp. n., from the well-known
Indian tribe of this region. Seven females; the type from Volusia, May 12 (coll. P. P.C.: 1 9), Enterprise
PERITHEMIS. 317
Georgia (Morrison, M. C. Z.), with wider and darker transverse bands, and two females from Westville,
New Jersey (Wenzel, coll. P. P. C.), have almost the same marginal band or trace thereof to be found
in those from Carrizo Springs. Of the two males from Carrizo Springs, one has brown spots at the distal
angle of the discoidal triangles, the other has only the merest trace thereof. The female from Babahoyo
has brown markings much like those of Pl. VI. fig. 18, but the front wings from base to distal spot, the
hind wings between proximal and distal spots, are deep yellow; the wings of the male have no brown
spots. Similar to the Babahoyo female, but with the distal band reaching almost across the entire width
of the wing, is the female from Brazil; and the two females from Westville, New Jersey, above quoted,
are not very different, except for the marginal band along the posterior edge of the hind wings. The
great variety in the wing-markings of female tenera has further been illustrated by Howard ®, figg. 4, 6.
The venation of tenera, in the great majority (58) of specimens which I have been able to examine, is the same
as that of iris, iii., and of mooma, but some individuals from the United States have the same venation as
iris, i. (e. g. a male from Sandusky, Ohio), or iris, ii. (Mass., N. Jersey, Penna., Indiana).
Philadelphia Carrizo Springs. Matamoros. Babahoyo. Brazil.
(vicinity).
Abdomen, gd ......-- 14-15 13°5-14 .. 13 .. mm.
0 Qe eee 13-14 12-13 12 13°5 14 ,,
Hind wing, d ......-: 18-20 17 17 Leo
a rr 18-21 17-17°5 17 19 20 ,,
Hab. Unirep States, Massachusetts 18 19 21 34, Michigan *, and North Dakota
(R. Osburn, in litt., 24.11.1902) to Georgia 2°, Tennessee 1, and Texas ?*.—MuExico,
Matamoros? (M. C. Z: 19), Atlihuacan (Saussure 19),— EcuaDor, Babahoyo
(Campos R., A. N. S.: 164,19); Brag (M. C. Z. ex coll. Winthem: 1 2).
The difference between forms fenera and mooma is in the wing-bands of the female
as stated on pages 310-11. An individual which appears to connect these two forms is a
female from Dallas, Texas (Boll, M. C. Z.), in which the proximal and distal bands are
united by a brown area between the principal and median sectors on the hind wings,
and almost but not actually united on the front pair. Cf. also the female from the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec described under mooma on page 319.
Transitions between forms tenera and intensa have been described on page 312.
Of somewhat uncertain position are two males and a female from El Rancho,
Guatemala (Wlimsn., coll. ejusd.). They have the venation of iris, ii.; the female
has the costal and subcostal spaces, a branch reaching from the latter down into the
discoidal triangle, and a transverse band from nodus to stigma for the entire width of
the wings, deep yellow. Very similar, but with the ultra-nodal band not reaching out
to the stigma, are two females from Bahia, Brazil, which Hagen had named cloe *, but
not described, and a female from Cordova, Argentina, in the M. C. Z.; also the two
females from San Isidro, Argentina, described by Dr. Ris t in the paragraph beginning
April 19 (Laurent, Am. Ent. Soc: 1 9) and May 26(M. C. Z.: 1 Q), in Florida (A. W.S.: 4 2). The
males from the same localities and collectors have strongly marked dark spots on the distal angle of the
discoidal triangles, and a dark streak in the subcostal space of the hind wings reaching halfway to, or to,
the first antecubital.
* Of, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 320 (1861).
+ Hamburg. Magalh. Sammelr., Odon. p. 31 (1904).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., February 1907. of
318 NEUROPTERA.
“ Einige (2) 2 zeigen eine sehr starke Ausbreitung” &c., and of one of which he has
kindly sent me a photograph. I am inclined to regard all these as connecting-forms
between iris and tenera (cf. the Amatitlan female described under iris, iii., page 314).
RHODOPYGIA.
Rhodopygia, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 265, 299 (1889) *; Cat. Odon. p. 34 (1890) *.
Only one species of this genus has hitherto been recognized!?. JI can distinguish
three different but closely allied forms in the material before me. As more numerous
specimens may show them to intergrade, I give diagnoses of all three, although but
one, hinei, is known from our present fauna.
[Wings with one row of cells between subnodal sector and supplementary sector
next below, abdomen stout (e. g. segment 4 is 2-24 times as long as wide at
base) ; wings pale brown from base outward to triangle behind the post-costal
vein of front wing, to two or three cells beyond the triangle on hind wing,
which latter has about six rows of cells between A, and the anal “angle,” outer
branch of hamule less produced laterally; 9 unknown. <, abdomen 82, hind
wing 40, width of hind wing at arculus 12‘5-12, costal edge of stigma of front
wing 338-35 mm... 2. 2. 2 ee ew eee toe eee ee cardinalis. |
Wings with two rows of cells between subnodal sector and supplementary sector
next below.
Abdomen stout, nearly as in cardinalis ; front wing with a slight, ill-defined trace
of very pale brown at base hardly reaching as far as arculus; hind wing with
veins and veinlets behind the postcostal, from base to level of posterior angle
of triangle, bordered with pale brown, leaving the centres of the cells clear or
nearly so; hind wing with five rows of cells between A; and the anal “ angle,”
outer branch of hamule moderately produced; ? unknown. ¢, abdomen 31,
hind wing 38, width of hind wing at arculus 11°5-11, costal edge of stigma
of front wing 3°5-3'75 mm... 6 ww we ee ee we ew Od iinet.
[Abdomen slender (e. g. segment 4 is 4, J, or 33, 9, times as long as wide at
base); front wing with a slight yellow basal tinge in subcostal and submedian
spaces reaching out not half-way to submedian cross-vein; hind wing with
a basal brownish-yellow spot in subcostal space half-way to first ante-
cubital, in submedian space to cross-vein, back to 2-3 cells beyond apex of
membranule, five to four rows of cells between A; and the anal “ angle,”
outer branch of hamule of male more produced laterally than in the preceding
two species. Abdomen, ¢ ?, 83°5-37; hind wing, ¢ 36°5-39, 2? 38°5-41;
width of hind wing at arculus, ¢ 10°5-10, ¢ 11-10°5; costal edge of stigma
of front wing 425-45 mm... ee ee we ee ew ew ew. hollandi.
[Rhodopygia cardinalis. (Tab. IX. fig. 50.)
Libellula cardinalis, Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Reisen in Brit. Guian. iii. p. 583 (1848) ?.
Lepthemis cardinalis, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. pp. 74, 86 (1875) ? (excl. Panama).
RHODOPYGIA. 319
Rhodopygia cardinalis, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. t. 52. fig. 10 (¢ color.) (1889)*;
Aun. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 606 (1897) *.
Hab. Guiana}, Essequibo?; Brazit, Para?4, Gurupa‘4; Pervt?, eastern (coll. P. P.C.,
ex coll. McLachlan: 1 ¢ ).
A male, locality unknown, is also in the A. W. S.]
1. Rhodopygia hinei, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 51-53.)
Lepthemis cardinalis, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 74 (1875) ’ (Panamaexample only).
3. Prof. Hine noted of the Morales example :—* Bright red all over except thorax above when taken.” In
the dried specimens the labrum is somewhat orange, the labium luteous, both lips without any dark
markings, thoracic dorsum somewhat greenish. Abdomen 2°5 mm. wide at segment 2, 1‘5 mm. at base
of 4, 2°5 mm. at apex of 8, 9 and 10 successively a little narrower. Superior appendages 1-6 mm. long,
slightly longer than segment 9, on the third and fourth fifths is a somewhat sinuous inferior row of
about ten denticles, inferior margin of appendage beginning to taper to the acute apex at about four-
fifths of the length. Inferior appendage reaching beyond the last denticle of the superiors, widest near
mid-length, its apex about one-third as wide as its width at base. Genitalia of segment 2 as shown in
our figure.
The distinctive features have been given on page 318,
Hab. Guatemata, Morales (Hine, O. S. U.: 13); Panama!, Obispo (Hasler Exped.,
M.0.Z.: 16).
Taken at Morales, March 8, 1905, by Prof. James S. Hine, of Ohio State University,
to whom this species is dedicated.
[Rhodopygia hollandi, sp. n. (Tab. IX. fig. 54.)
Frons, clypeus, and vertex greenish, lips yellowish, in younger males and in females; anterior surface of
frons, clypeus, and labrum becoming bright red in older males. Thorax and abdomen luteous or greenish,
the abdominal carine and intersegmental articulations darker, in younger males and in females ; in older
males the abdomen becomes bright red. Abdomen with a moderately swollen base (segment 2 is 2°5 6,
3 9 mm. wide), narrowed at segment 4(¢ 1-1-25, 2 1°5 mm.), thence gradually widening to the apex
of segment 9 (2 6, 2°5 9 mm.). Vulvar lamina projecting about ‘25 mm. from the ventral side of the
abdomen, with a median semicircular emargination.
The distinctive features of this species have been given on page 318,
Hab. Guiana, Demerara (Lugger, coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Uhler: 1 3); Braz,
Chapada [3 ¢,3 9 +4 ¢, 1 2], Cachoeira [1 ¢ ], Cuyaba [4 g, 1 2] all in Matto
Grosso (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.).
The examples from Cuyaba were taken at lakes in January, 1886.
This species is dedicated to Dr. Wm. J. Holland, Director of the Carnegie Museum
of Pittsburgh, to whom I am indebted for the loan of collections from that Museum.
This species, especially in the adult male, bears a very considerable resemblance to
Erythemis hematogastra (Burm.), but it differs in having the labium unmarked with
black, the abdomen less swollen at base in profile view, the colour at the base of the
hind wings paler, the pterostigma longer, &c., as well as by the generic characters
given on pp. 203-4, anted. |
| 2t?
320 NEUROPTERA.
SYMPETRUM.
Sympetrum, Newman, Ent. Mag. i. p. 511 (1833); Hagen, Entom. Amer. iv. p. 81 (1888) ;
Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 263, 265, 276 (1889); Cat. Odon. p. 13 (1890) ;
Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, pp. 250, 321 (1900); Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St.
Mus. pp. 507, 508, 519 (1901).
Diplax, Charpentier, Lib. Eur. p. 12 (1840) ; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 173 (1861) ; Brauer,
Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 369, 719 (1868); Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx.
p. 224 (1898); Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 472, 544 (1895) ; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio,
pp. 92, 107 (1899); Ris, Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. x. p. 439 (1903).
Mesothemis, C, Brauer, l. c. p. 722 (1868).
Only two species of this cosmopolitan genus are unquestionably known* to
occur in the present faunal district. A note on a peculiarity which they both
possess is given on page 204, anted. They may be distinguished from each other
as follows :—
Reddish, legs luteous, wings with at least one dark basal streak, area between sub-
nodal sector and supplementary sector next below with one row of cells,
antecubitals 8-10 on the front, 6 on the hind wings, tip of vertex emarginated,
superior appendages of male with the inferior denticles (viewed from below)
forming an almost straight line, and the apex obliquely truncated when viewed
in profile, vulvar lamina of female projecting . . . - - + + + se + 1. illotum.
Olive or brown, legs black, femora and tibize with a superior yellow stripe, no dark
basal streak to the wings, area between subnodal sector and supplementary
- sector next below with two rows of cells, antecubitals 7 on the front, 5 on
the hind wings, tip of vertex truncated, superior appendages of male with
the inferior denticles (viewed from below) forming a reversed curve, and
the apex gradually tapering in profile view, vulvar lamina of female not
projecting 2 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ewe cOrruptum.
1. Sympetrum illotum.
Mesothemis illota, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 172 (1861) °.
? Diplax illota, Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxviii. p. 43 (1884) *.
Diplaz illota, Calv. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 545, t. 17. figg. 114-119 (details ¢ 2),
(1895) *.
* In the collection loaned me by Dr. O. 8. Westcott was a single male of S. vicinum, Hagen, labelled as
from Lumija in Chiapas, Mexico. This species certainly occurs as far south as Texas, but no other Mexican
specimens are known. In reply to my question as to the possibility of error in the label, Dr. Westcott
wrote (May 22, 1905) :—“TI do not dare say that the Sympetrum vicinum, Hag., labelled Lum[ija] Mex., may
not have been misplaced.”
SYMPETRUM.
The three local races or forms distinguished by de Selys? differ as follows :—
Wings yellow along the
anterior margin
Blackish basal streak in
subcostal space, front
wing
Blackish basal streak in
subcostal space, hind
wing
Blackish basal streak in
submedian space, hind
wing
Apex of inferior append-
age, ¢, viewed from
below
illetum type.
as far as nodus or more
remote.
to beyond first ante-
cubital.
to second antecubital.
to submedian cross-vein.
one-half to one-third as
wide as at base, sub-
equal in width to
superior appendage at
same level.
virgulum.
as far as the nodus.
to one-fourth way to
first antecubital.
nearly to first ante-
cubital.
to one-third way to sub-
median cross-vein or
less.
one-fourth as wide as at
base, not as wide as
either superior append-
age at same level.
321
giluum.
as far as the triangle
or less, and only in
the subcostal and sub-
median spaces.
none.
hardly to first ante-
cubital, or less.
none.
one-half to one-third as
wide as at base, wider
than, or subequal in
width to, either supe-
rior appendage at
same level.
I have been unable to find any constant venational differences between these three forms, even excluding the
intermediate examples. De Selys says? that the reticulation of gilvwm is blacker than in the other
forms, but I cannot see that such is the case with the present material.
[i. S. illotum type.
? Diplax illota type, Selys, J. c. p. 44 (1884) *.
Mesothemis illota, Hagen, Aun. Rep. U.S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv. Terr. (Hayden’s) 1873, p. 587
(1874) °; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 78 (1875) °.
Sympetrum illotum, Needham, Outdoor Studies, figg. 68-70 (nymph) (1898)7; Bull. 47 N. Y. St.
Mus. p. 429, fig. 6, t. 25. fig. 1 (aymph) (1901)*; Bull. 68, ibid. p. 272 (1903) °; Osburn,
Ent. News, xvi. p. 195 (1905) *°.
Abdomen, ¢ 23°5-26°5, 9 22; hind wing, ¢ 23-31'5, 2? 28°5 mm.
Hab. Britis Couumsta, Victoria ® 1, Gulf of Georgia®, Shawnigan Lake 1°; Unirep
Srates, Seattle 1° in Washington, Astoria (coll. Westcott: 3 3) in Oregon, Yellow-
stone >, Mendocino® to San Diego® (Kellogg, Davidson, Truman, Grinnell, Baker) in
California 14, Nevada 4.
Hagen} reported this species also from Ajan, Sea of Ochotsk, but de Selys? has
doubted the identification. |
ii. S. illotum virgulum.
? Diplax illota, form virgula, Selys, 1. ¢. p. 44 (1884) ™.
Sympetrum illotum, Calv. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 401 (
1899) *.
The dimensions of the examples taken in September at Amula are here given, as they exhibit the range of size
for this form very well: abdomen, g 22-26, 9 22-24°5; hind wing, ¢ 26-30, 9 27-29 mm.
Hab. Lowzr Catirornia, Mesa Verde 3, Sierra Laguna *.—Mexico (coll. McLachlan:
322 NEUROPTERA.
1 ¢ with label “Z. ilota, H.,” in Selys’s hand; U.S. NV. M.: 1 3) (8 6], Tepic”,
Guadalajara [1 3] (Schumann), Misantla (F. D. G.: 1 3), Orizaba (H. H. 8. &
F. D. G.: 8 3), Vera Cruz", Guadalupe (Hay, U. S. N. M.: 13) [Tower: 2 3 ],
Tlalnepantla [4 3], Mexico City [10 ¢, 2 9] (Barrett, colls. Adams, P. P. C.)
(Schumann, H. H. Smith: 12 3, 3%) (Dr. G. O. Rogers, M. C. Z.: 1 3), Sierra
de Ajusco [1 ¢], Chapultepec [1 ¢] (Hay, U. 8S. N. M.) [1 ¢], Contreras [1 ¢ ],
Nepantla [1 3], Tlalpam [1 @], Cuernavaca [3 3, 2 2] (Barrett, colls. Adams,
P. P. C.), Amecameca (coll. Deam: 1 3), Omilteme, 8000 ft. [1 ¢, 1 2 ], Xucuma-
natlan 7000 ft. [1 ¢ ] and Amula 6000 ft. [19 ¢, 8 @]in Guerrero (H. H. Smith),
Oaxaca! (coll. Deam: 2 3), Putla!!; CanrraL America, Santa Clara’; GUATEMALA
(Salvin, coll. M‘Lachlan: 1 3; Van Patten, &c., UM. C0. Z.: 5 &, 3 2), Sepacuite
(Maxon & Hay, U. S. N. M.: 1 3), Duetias (Champion: 6 ¢); Costa Rica, San José
(Biolley: 1 9), San Francisco, 4500 ft. [2 ¢ ], Irazu, 6000-7000 ft. [1 ¢ | (Aogers).
Taken in January (Amecameca, Sepacuite), May (San José in Costa Rica), June to
December (Central Mexico).
Intermediates between virgulum and gilvum.
The Mexican specimens cited below have the yellow on the wings much reduced, extending from the bases
out as far as, or a little farther than, the triangles, with a small yellow cloud at the nodus ; the blackish
streaks in the subcostal space of the front wings and in the submedian space of the hind wings are still
shorter than are stated for virgulum on page 321; the inferior appendage of the male is as in virgulum.
Some of the examples from Amula, and some of the Guatemalan specimens in the ©. C. Z., cited above as
virgulum might, almost equally well, be placed here.
Among the material from Arequipa, Peru, most of which is giluwm, are four males which approach virgulum
in that they have a blackish subcostal streak on the front wings reaching one-third to one-half-way to
the first antecubital, a blackish subcostal streak on the hind wings reaching to the level of the arculus,
but no submedian streak; the yellow on their wings is nearly as in the Mexican intermediates, the
inferior appendage is as in giluum.
Hab. Lower Cauirornta, Mesa Verde’, Sierra Laguna®.—Mexico, Guadalajara
[ McClendon: 1 2], Eslava [1 9] and Contreras [1 ¢, 1 2] in Distrito Federal
[ Barrett} (coll. P. P. C.).—Pzru, Arequipa (Gerhart, A. N. S.: 4 ¢).
Taken in August (Guadalajara), October (Mesa Verde ?, Sierra Laguna, Contreras,
Arequipa), and November (Eslava).
fii. S. illotum gilvum.
? Diplax illota, form gilva, Selys, 1. c. p. 44 (1884).
Diplaz illota, Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Torino, xi. no. 240, p. 2 (1896) ™.
Sympetrum gilvum, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2), Zool. vill. pt. 2, p. 73 (1900) **.
The dimensions of the material before me are as follows (in mm.) :—
Colombia, Quito. Arequipa. Cordova.
Abdomen, ¢ ........ 26-24 24-23 23-2] 22
a Qe eeaees 25-24 21-5 22-20°5
Hind wing, ¢........ 31°5-29 28 27-24 27
” Ps re 32-31 28°'5 26°5-23'5
SYMPETRUM. 323
In most of the examples from Arequipa, and in some of those from Colombia, a small yellow cloud at the
nodus of all the wings is well-marked ; in other specimens it is less distinct. The blackish subcostal
streak of the hind wings of the Arequipa males and females frequently extends to the level of the arculus.
Hab. Lowrr Cauirornia, Mesa Verde?.—Cotompia 13 [3 3, 1 2; Moritz: 3 ¢ |,
Sta. Fé de Bogotdé [Lindig, 1863: 236,192] (M. C. Z.); Vunezuetal?; Britisu
Guana, Mt. Roraima, 8600 ft.5; Ecuvapor, Quito 13 [Campos R.: 34,12 ], Cuenca’;
Perv, Arequipa [Gerhart: 6 ¢, 10 9] (A. M S.); Argentina, Cordova (M. C.
Z.: 13).
Taken in June at Quito, in October at Mesa Verde and Arequipa.
Although one of the Colombian males bears a label “ L. virgula” in de Selys’s hand,
it is certainly gilvum.
Gilvum is surely to be found in our faunal district. |
2. Sympetrum corruptum.
Mesothemis corrupia, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 171 (1861)'; Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. & Geogr.
Surv. Terr. (Hayden’s) 1872, p. 728 (1873)7; 1873, p. 587 (1874) °; (Wheeler’s) v. Zool.
p. 919 (1875)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 77 (1875)°; Walsh, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Philad. 1862, p. 400°.
Diplax corrupta, Selys, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xviii. p. 43 (1884)*; Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
xix. p. 356 (1892)*; Ent. News, v. p. 179 (1894)°; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx.
p. 264 (1893)'°; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 545, t. 17. figg. 120-123 (details $ ? )
(1895)"; Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. v. p. 95 (1897); Kellicott, Journ. Cincinn. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. p. 109 (1896) **; xix. p. 70 (1897) *; Odon. Ohio, p. 111 (1899); Van Duzee,
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. v. p. 91 (1897) *; Elrod, Ent. News, ix. p. 10 (1898) ”.
Sympetrum corruptum, Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 324 (1900) "*; Ent. News, xi.
p. 458 (1900); xiv. p. 229 (1908) *; Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1901, p. 120%; Adams,
Ent. News, xi. p. 622 (1900) *; Howard, Insect Book, t. 42. fig. 5 (entire insect) (1901) ”;
Calvert, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 43 (1902); Ent. News, xiv. p. 36 (1903) *; Currie,
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 303 (1903); vii. p. 19 (1905) 7; Needham, Bull. 68 N. Y. St.
Mus. p. 271, figg. 16, 17 (details nymph) (1903) *; Osburn, Ent. News, xvi. p. 195 (1905) *.
I have not a sufficient number of specimens from any one locality in the northern United States to determine
what the range of size may be, but the following dimensions (in mm.) from more southern situations
may serve for future comparisons :—
Round Mt., _| Florence, Ariz. Las Bocas, Tlalnepantla : Oaxaca :
Texas (10d ¢).| (45,89). Durango: Aug. Sept. June.
Abdomen, 3 ...... 26-29 24-25 25°5-26°5 26-29 25
a tees a 25-27 93-524 25-29 26
Hind wing, g ...... 30-32 29-30 30-31 30-82°5 28:5
oe Qe ee es vee 28:5-31:5 28-30 29-33 30
The largest individual is the male from Rio Hondo (abd. 30, h. w. 33 mm.); the shortest wing-lengths are
296-5 mm. ¢ 2 from Mexico City, but the abdomens of these are no shorter than indicated by the lowest
figures given in the table above.
I have been unable to find any geographical variations. Kellicott*® and Messrs. Van Duzee'* and Williamson
have called attention to the colour-changes accompanying age.
324 NEUROPTERA.
Hab. Canapa, Ontario (Brodie, Ont. Gov't Coll. teste E. M. Walker in litt. April 28,
1905); Brivish Conumpia, Glacier (Mrs. C. Schaeffer, A. N. S.: 1 3), Kaslo™,
Ainsworth 27, Loon Lake 29; Unitep States !~®>, New York 1#!® and New Jersey 7°
west to Illinois! and Tennessee 2°, South Dakota [Zruman] to Washington [0. B.
Johnson], south to Louisiana® and Southern California [Grinnell, Truman] (coll. P.
P.C.); Lower Cairornia, Sierra Laguna", San José del Cabo !!.—Mexico, Mata-
moros and Victoria (Rhoads, A. N. S.: 1 2) in Tamaulipas, Las Bocas (Batty, A. M.
N. H.: 2 3,2 9) in Durango, La Joya (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1 ¢,1 @) in San Luis
Potosi, Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 specim.), Uruapan (coll. Deam: 1¢ ), Tlalnepantla
(Barrett, coll. Adams: 5 , 92) [1 6], Guadalupe [1 ¢, 1 2], Tlalpam [1 ¢ |
(Tower, coll. P. P. C.), Mexico City (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 2 3,2 92 ; Barrett,
coll. Adams: 3 3, 2 2; coll. Deam: 4 6, 4 2), Tizapan (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.:
1¢,12), San Luis (Palmer, M. C. Z.: 16,392), Cuernavaca (Barrett, coll. Adams:
1 3), Orizaba (1. H. 8S. & F. D. G.: 1 2), Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 3 2,
1 2), Oaxaca [1 3,1 2], Mitla [1 ¢ ] (coll. Deam); British Honpuras, Rio Hondo
(coll. McLachlan: 1 3 labelled “‘collocata” in MclL.’s hand).—Asta, Ajan, Sea of
Ochotsk 1.
Taken in January at Victoria, in December at Orizaba; the remaining Mexican
specimens are dated as having been captured between June and September.
This species has been found at altitudes of 4800 feet at Glacier, 8000-10,000 feet
in the Beaver Range of Utah, according to specimens in the Brooklyn Institute by
Messrs. Engelhardt and Doll, and 11,000 feet at Silver Lake, Colorado, according to
Dr. Henry Skinner. |
CANNACRIA.
Cannacria, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 262, 800 (1889); Cat. Odon. p. 35 (1890);
Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 472, 547 (1895).
Three species of this genus are known, two of which certainly occur within our
faunal limits. C. furcata has the least, C. gravida the most, dense venation; C. batesii
is intermediate in this, as in other respects.
Synopsis of Specific Differences.
Front wings with three rows of post-triangular cells out to the level of the nodus,
one row between the short sector and the supplementary sector next below.
Black on abdominal dorsum confined to a mid-dorsal spot or stripe on segments 8-9, or
still more reduced, ground-colour of abdomen red ( 3) or luteous ( 2 ), face and
labrum reddish or luteous ; wings, with one row of cells between subnodal sector
and supplementary sector next below, uncoloured except for brownish-yellow at
the base of the hind pair out to the first antecubital and level thereof, or less,
front wings with 8-10 (9 in 623 °/.), hind wings with 6-7 (6 in 863 °/,) ante-
CANNACRIA. 325
cubitals, pterostigma luteous; males with the anterior lamina not more
prominent than the hamule, its apical fifth bilobed, tips of the superior
appendages gradually tapering. Abdomen, ¢ 24-29, ? 245-32; hind wing,
Go 28-35°5, 9 830-389 mm. ... . woe ee ew ew ww ee OL fureata.
Black on abdominal dorsum forming a median band from the apex of segment 3 to 9,
ground-colour of abdomen in younger individuals reddish- or yellowish-brown ;
face and labrum luteous, the latter sometimes edged with black; wings, with
one or two (more often one) rows of cells between the subnodal sector and the
supplementary sector next below, when coloured elsewhere than at the base
having the colour (yellow or brownish-yellow) deepest between base and nodus,
front wings with 10-12 (11 in 633 °¢/,), hind wings with 6-7 (7 in 723 °/o)
antecubitals, pterostigma luteous; males with the anterior lamina more
prominent than hamule or genital lobe, its apical half bilobed, tips of superior
appendages less tapering than in furcata, less convex than in gravida.
Abdomen, ¢ 32-88, ¢ 82-34; hind wing, ¢ 35-36, 9 845-387 mm. . . . 2. batesit.
[Front wings with three rows of post-triangular cells increasing to four rows proximal
to the level of the nodus, two rows of cells between short sector and supple-
mentary sector next below; all wings with two rows between subnodal sector
and supplementary sector next below; coloration of abdomen and anterior
lamina of male as above stated for batesii, face with at least some black markings,
labrum black; wings, when coloured elsewhere than at base, with the colour
(yellow to reddish-brown) forming a cloud distal to the nodus and extending
toward, but not to, the golden-yellow stigma; front wings with 10-13 (11 in
381°/,), hind wings with 7-8 (7 in 724°/,) antecubitals; tips of the superior
appendages of the male more convex than in furcata or in batesii. Old individuals
of both sexes have thorax and base of abdomen pruinose ; remainder of abdomen
obscure, blackish. Abdomen, ¢ 32-37, ¢ 33-40; hind wing, gf 35°5-39°5,
9 35-42 mm. 2. we ee ee ee ee gravida]
1. Cannacria furcata.
Erythemis furcata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am. p. 169 (1861)"; Karsch, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxxiil.
pp. 348, 361 (1890) *.
_ Cannacria furcata, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 547, 548, t. 17. figg. 110-113
(details ¢ ¢) (1895) °; (3) Zool. i. p. 409 (1899) *.
Cannacria smithii, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 266 (1894)°; Carpenter, Journ.
Inst. Jam. ii. p. 260 (1896) °.
The “more or less distinct dark band above ”* on the abdomen of some specimens of smithii is, I believe,
an appearance caused by the contents of the intestine shining through ; I have observed this deceptive
condition in some of the material before me.
I have not been able to detect any geographical variations. Ranges of size are shown by the following figures
in millimetres :—
Altamira. Venezuela. Rio Janeiro.
Abdomen, 5 ....2....-+44-. 28-29 25-26 265-29
” Deve e wees 27-32 245-26 26°5-—29
Hind wing, cd .... 6... ee eee 34-35°5 28-83°5 33°5-34
nn 33°5-87°5 30-34 33-36°5
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., Mebruary 1907. wa
326 NEUROPTERA.
The shortest length of abdomen for the males given on page 325 is from an example from Lower California *,
the longest hind wing for the females is furnished by the specimen from Duejas.
Hab. Unrrep States, Sanford (M. C. Z.: 14) in Florida; LowErR CALIFORNIA,
Miraflores 3, San José del Cabo ?.—Mxxico, Altamira [4 ¢,11 ?] and Tampico * in
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi [1 ¢,1 2] (Hoag, colls. A. N. 8., P. P. C.), Vera Cruz
(coll. Adams: 1 2); Guavemata, Duefias (Champion: 1 ¢), Amatitlan (Williamson,
coll. ejusd.: 1 3 ).—VenezuEta (U.S. N. MW: 14 3,8 2 ); Brazt, Bahia ' (Gomes *),
Lagoa Santa (If. C. Z: 12), Rio Janeiro [3 ¢,5 2], Rio Grande do Sul [1 ¢ J;
Arcentina, Santa Helena [1 2], Goya [1 9] (#. #. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitts.) ;
Banamas, Nassau, New Providence (Moore & Bullock?, Univ. of Pa. Hxped.: 1 ¢ ;
Maynard, M. C. Z.: 3 3); Wust Inptss, Cuba! (Poey, M. C. Z.: 1 3), Hope
Gardens near Kingston (Mazon, U. 8. NV. M.: 14 ), in Jamaica? °, Martinique (M.C.Z.:
1 3), St. Vincent 5, Codrington (Todd, A. NV. S.: 1 2) in Barbados ®, Grenada °.
Taken in February (Amatitlan), June to August (Altamira), and September (San
Luis Potosi): at Rio Janeiro in January and November, at Nassau in May, June, and
November, at Barbados, Sta. Helena, and Goya in December.
2. Cannacria batesii.
Cannacria batesii, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. p. 841, t. 53. fig. 1 (¢ coloured), t. 57. fig. 9
(apps. ¢) (1889)+; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 607 (1897)*; Calvert, Proc. Calif.
Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 547, 551 (1895) *; (3) Zool. i. p. 409 (1899) *; Prinzessin Therese, Berl.
ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 260 (1900) ’.
Cannacria fumipennis, Currie, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 887, figg. 31-34 (details ¢) (1901) °.
As implied on page 325, great individual variation in the colouring of the wings exists, Thus, among the
material from Teapa, some females have the wings as in furcata, t. ¢., coloured at the base only; in
others, and in some males, there is, in addition to the basal spot, a faint, ill-defined, yellow cloud on the
hind pair from arculus to fourth or fifth antecubital ; still other males have also some faint yellow on
the front pair between base and nodus; all these Teapa examples appear to be rather young, as the body-
colours are pale. Darker-bodied individuals of both sexes from other localities (Mazatlan, Tlacotalpam,
Georgetown, Galapagos) have the wing-tints darker but not so uniformly distributed as in Mr. Kirby’s
figure’; these no doubt are older, although some other examples (Samana, Cuba), of apparently equal
maturity, have the wings coloured hardly more than in furcata (2), or as in the most-deeply coloured
males from Teapa(d). The Brazilian specimens agree in age and colouring with those from Teapa.
The variation in the number of rows of cells between the subnodal sector and supplementary sector next
below (see page 325) is independent of locality and may affect only one wing, one pair or three wings of
an individual.
Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (A. UM. WV. H.: 1 3), Altamira [1 2], San Luis Potosi
[1 2] (Hoag, A. N. 8.), Tlacotalpam (Barrett, coll. P. P.C.: 16), Teapa (H. H. Smith:
15 6,12 2 ).—Cotoms1a4, Bodega del Carmen®; British Guiana, Georgetown (A. WN. S.:
1 2); Braz, Amazons!, Manaos?, Chapada {1 ¢, 1 2], Piedra Blanca [1 3 |
(H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.); West Inpins, Cuba [Poey: 13, 1 2), Samana
[Frazar: 1 ¢,1 9] in Hayti (1. C. Z.), Barbados (Ballou, Coll. Imp. Agr. Dept.
B.W.I.: 1 3); Gauapacos, Albemarle I. (U.S. VW. M.: 1 3, type of fumipennis ®).
CANNACRIA.—PLATYPLAX. 327
Taken in February (Teapa, Manaos?), March (Teapa, Barbados, Albemarle I.°),
April (Piedra Blanca), June (Bodega del Carmen 5), July (Tlacotalpam), September
(Altamira, San Luis Potosi), and December (Chapada).
[Cannacria gravida.
Lepthemis gravida, Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xvii. p. 35, t. 5. figg. 11-18 (apps. ¢) (1890) ';
Ent. News, i. p. 73 (1890) *.
Cannacria gravida, Calvert, Ent. News, v. p. 193 (1894)*; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 547
(1895) ‘.
Hab. Unitep Sratss, Bay Ridge in Maryland (teste J. S. Hine in litt., Sept. 26, 1899),
St. Augustine (Johnson?), Tarpon Springs}, Sand Point (12. C. Z.), Punta Rassa?,
Chokoloskee [Kinney: 1 ¢ ], Biscayne Bay | Mrs. Slosson: 1 ¢ ], all in Florida [7 ¢,
6 2 |, Corpus Christi! and Nueces River! in Texas [2 6,4 2 | (colls. A. NV.S., P. P.C.).]
PLATYPLAX.
Platyplax, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xvii. p. 268 (1891) *.
Additional material has slightly modified the generic characters as originally stated
by Prof. Karsch 1, in so far as the last antecubital of the front wings and the two
submedian cross-veins [“‘ Medianquerader” |] of the hind wings are concerned. It may
also be noted that Prof. Karsch speaks of the ‘ Bildung des Pronotums, welche sie
jedoch mit Sympetrum, Newm. (Diplax, Charp.), und Erythrodiplax, Brauer, gemeinsam
hat,” which is correct for Sympetrum but not for Hrythrodiplax, which has the hind
lobe of the pronotum distinctly narrower than the middle lobe and not bilobed
(cf. pp. 198-204, antea).
1. Platyplax sanguiniventris, sp.n. (Tab. IX. figg. 55-58.)
3 (adult). Head, exclusive of the eyes, black, vertex and superior surface of frons metallic-violet, outer surface
of mandibles yellowish or luteous; thoracic dorsum, interalar area, dorsum of first two abdominal segments
pruinose-blue ; sides of thorax and first two abdominal segments less pruinose, varied with obscure
luteous(?); abdominal segments 3-10 and the appendages bright red. Abdomen stout, widening slightly
from base to apex of segment 4, thence gradually tapering to 10.
Genitalia of segment 2, in profile view, with the hamule slightly more prominent than the other parts,
unbranched, an external ridge marking the rudiment of an outer branch, tip acute, curved backward
and somewhat outward to form a hook; anterior lamina convex anteriorly, entire, somewhat hairy
anteriorly and along its free edge; genital lobe wider beyond the base.
Superior abdominal appendages longer than segment 9, not so long as 9+10, nearly straight, with an inferior
row of seven to nine denticles on the third and fourth fifths, apex tapering rather gradually, moderately
acute. Inferior appendage five-sixths or less as long as the superiors, reaching to beyond the last denticle
thereof, its apex in ventral view about one-fifth as wide as its base.
Legs black, third tibize with 10-12 spines on the anterior (outer) row, 14-16 on the posterior (inner) row.
Wings hyaline, pterostigma luteous or reddish, membranule blackish, whitish at extreme base; one bridge
cross-vein which is subnodal in position. Front wings with a trace of reddish-brown at base in subcostal
and submedian spaces, whose maximum extent is one-third of the distance to the submedian cross-vein
(larger Altamira example); 9 right and 8 left (Livingston), 10 (Altamira) antecubitals, the last continued
2u?
328 NEUROPTERA.
to the median vein in all, discoidal triangle 2-celled*, internal triangle 3-celled ; three post-triangular
rows (interrupted by two rows for two or three cells on the left sides, and by two cells on the right
sides, of the two Altamira males), increasing at the level of the nodus, the post-triangular field hardly
wider (7 marginal cells, Livingston) or distinctly wider (7-9 marginal cells, Altamira) where it reaches
the wing-margin, this difference being due to the fact that the first sector of the triangle is more strongly
curved forward in the Altamira males than in that from Livingston, the highest point of the curve
in the former coinciding with the interrupting two cells or rows of the post-triangular field mentioned
above; 8-9 postcubitals, one submedian cross-vein.
Hind wings with a reddish-brown basal spot, in the subcostal space half-way to (Livingston), or to (Altamira)
the first antecubital, in the submedian space to the cross-vein (Livingston), or to half-way between cross-
vein and triangle with a slender limb along the posterior side of the submedian vein to the triangle itself
(Altamira), and backward to 3 (Livingston) or 7-8 (Altamira) cells beyond the apex of the membranule ;
7 antecubitals, 8-10 postcubitals, one submedian cross-vein, triangle free, followed by two post-triangular
cells, two or three single post-triangular cells reaching across the entire width of the field before two
post-triangular rows begin, proximal side of triangle in prolongation of the arculus, sectors of the triangle
arising from the same point.
@ unknown.
Dimensions of each one of the three males on which this description is based are given in the following order :
the larger Altamira (type), the smaller Altamira, the Livingston male :—Abdomen 26, 24:5, 21-5; hind
wing 34°5, 34, 28°5; width of hind wing at arculus 11, 10-5, 9-5; costal edge of stigma of front wing
3°2, 3°5, 2-5; third tibia 8, 7:5, 6°7 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 26); GUATEMALA,
Livingston (Wilson, M. C. Z.: 1 3).
Taken at Altamira on June 23 and 27, 1903, at Livingston between February and
April 1885.
‘This species differs from the only other described member of this genus, P. ery-
thropyga, Karsch }, of Uruguay, which has the last antecubital of the front wings not
continued to the median vein, two submedian cross-veins and only a single post-
triangular cell reaching across the entire width of that field on the hind wings, a
longer pterostigma (4~4°7 mm.), a much smaller coloured spot (or none at all) on the
base of the hind wings, abdominal segments 1—4 (or 5, type ¢ ) pruinose, 5 (or 6)—10
red, the genital hamule not so prominent as the genital lobe.
The adult males of Platyplax sanguiniventris, which alone are here described, greatly
resemble in coloration the adult males of a more common species, Lrythemis peruviana,
* Not 3-celled, as Tab. IX. fig. 55 represents.
+ This comparison is based on Prof, Karsch’s description (Ent. Nachr. xvii. p. 270, 1890) and on two males
from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (v. Ihering, A. NV. S.). These males and a photograph of the right wings of
a male from the same locality, sent to me by Dr. Ris as this species, differ from Prof. Karsch’s description in
having a small basal brown spot on the hind wings reaching to the submedian cross-vein and backward to the
apex of the membranule. The original description mentions no such spot, and Dr. K. Griinberg, who kindly
re-examined the types at my request, wrote (29.ix.05): “ bei Platyplax erythropyga, Karsch, 3 @ , die Fliigel
absolut farblos und wasserhell sind.”
The two Rio Grande do Sul males and Dr, Ris’s photograph show some other differences from the description
of erythropyga as follows: sectors of the arculus not stalked at origin on the front wings; hind wings with
one and two asymmetrically submedian cross-veins, or with one cross-vein only ; sectors of triangle separated
at origin on both sides of one male.
PLATYPLAX.—ERYTHEMIS. 329
Rambur. The difference in size is not great, and H. peruviana has been taken at
Altamira at the same time that P. sanquiniventris flies. The case of these two species
is like many of those among the Lepidoptera that have been described as instances of
mimicry, but we have here as yet no observations bearing on the utility of the resem-
blance. Structurally, P. sanguiniventris and F. peruviana differ in many respects, as
may be seen by comparing their respective generic characters given on pages 203
and 204, anted.
ERYTHEMIS.
Erythemis, Mesothemis pars, Lepthemis pars, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. pp. 168, 170, 160
(1861)*; Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii. pp. 368, 369, 723, 721 (1868)°; Kirby,
Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 264, 304, 303, 302 (1889) °; Cat. Odon. pp. 40, 39 (1890) *;
Calvert, Ent. News, xvii. p. 30 (1906) ’.
Mesothemis, Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 225 (1893)°; Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv.
p. 478 (1895) 7; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 92 (1899) °; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana,
p- 250 (1900) °; Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 507, 508 (1901) *.
The grounds for employing the generic term here adopted have been set forth
elsewhere °.
Six species and one subspecies exist within our faunal limits; the characters of a
seventh (credula) are added, as it also is likely to be found here. Two others,
rubriventris, Blanchard *, and plebeja, Burmeister f, have been described from South
America, but are too imperfectly known to enable a decision to be reached as to
whether they are or are not distinct from the others.
Synopsis of Specific Characters.
A. Front wings with three post-triangular rows to the level of the nodus ; hind
wings with three or more rows of cells between the proximal subbasal
sector (A; of C. & N.) and the Aind margin, rarely with any single post-
triangular cells reaching across the entire width of the field from short
sector to first sector of the triangle.
B. Abdomen stout (e. g. segments 4-6 each twice or less than twice as long
as wide), not, or but little, narrower in dorsal view at segment 4 than at
segment 2. |
C. Hind wings uncoloured or faintly yellow at extreme base in some
females. Face, thorax, and abdomen bright green (dull yellowish in
young), the abdomen marked with black ; thorax and abdomen of old
males pruinose.
D. Younger males and the females with a large quadrate black median
dorsal spot on each of abdominal segments 4-9, 8 and 9 often
* Orbigny’s Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid. vi. part 1, p. 217 (1848).
+ Handb. Ent. ii. p. 856 (1839) ; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv. p. 78 (1898).
30 NEUROPTERA.
entirely covered thereby, old males usually with no transverse
dark band on the anterior surface of the frons. Abdomen, g 26-33,
9 28-295; hind wing, ¢ 27-35, 2 31-33mm. .. . . . IL. simplicicollis.
DD. Younger males and the females with only a median dorsal black
line or narrow stripe on abdominal segments 4-9, old males with a
transverse dark band on the anterior surface of the frons. Abdomen,
& 27-29°5, 2 245-28; hind wing, gf 30-32, 2 29°5-32°5.
simplicicollis, subspecies ? collocata.
CC. Hind wings with a basal brown or brownish-yellow spot reaching out
about half-way to the submedian cross-vein. Thorax pale green or
luteous with a broad black antehumeral stripe each side, the inner
(mesial) margin of which is subparallel to the inner margin of the
stripe of the opposite side ; width of the pale green or luteous between
the two antehumeral black stripes 2°3-2°5 mm. ; abdomen pale green
or luteous (¢), red (¢); thorax and base of abdomen of old males
pruinose, remainder of abdomen red; vulvar lamina projecting
3-5 mm. Abdomen, @ 25-29°5, ? 25-28; hind wing, ¢ 29-33,
9 80-33 mm... . . 2 peruviana.
CCC. Hind wings with a basal spot reaching ontward at least to ; the sub.
median cross-vein.
E. Thorax and abdomen red ( ¢) or luteous (?), only the carine and
sutures of abdomen black (¢) ; basal spot of hind wings reddish-
brown (¢) or yellowish (2), reaching outward to the submedian
cross-vein or a little more remote; vulvar lamina projecting 1 mm.
Abdomen, ¢ 24°5-28°5, 2 22; hind wing, 3 30°5-33, ¢ 31°5 mm. 3. mithroides.
EE. Thorax dark obscure brown ; abdomen luteous, yellow, or reddish-
yellow, carinz, sutures, apical half of segments 4-7 and almost all
of 8 and 9, black ; basal spot of hind wings dark brown, reaching
outward to the first antecubital or even as far as the discoidal
triangle ; in old individuals the entire body and the basal spot of
the wings become almost black; vulvar lamina projecting 1°3 mm.
Abdomen, ¢ 27-30, ? 26-30; hind wing, ¢ 33-36, 9 88-38 mm. 4. attala.
BB. Abdomen slender (e. g. segments 4—6 each four times as long as wide),
much narrower in dorsal view at segment 4 than at segment 2, base of
abdomen greatly inflated also in profile view.
F. Thorax luteous with a broad black antehumeral stripe each side, the
inner (mesial) margins of the two subparallel and separated by a
luteous interval of 2°5-2°8 mm. in width, outer margins ill-defined ;
abdomen luteous, carine, sutures, apical half of segments 4~7 and all
of 8 and 9, black; hind wings with a dark brown basal spot reaching
outward to the submedian cross-vein or a little beyond and to more than
half-way to the first antecubital; in old males the entire body and
the basal spot of the hind wings become almost black ; vulvar lamina
projecting 1-15 mm. Abdomen, J 30°5-87, 9 29-36; hind wing,
6 315-85, 9 815-88 mm. . . . 2... ww we ew. OB Over benata.
ERYTHEMIS, 331
FF, Thorax and first two abdominal segments green, remainder of abdomen
red; female with a small, isolated, brownish antehumeral line, diverg-
ing from its fellow of the opposite side, and the sutures and apices of
the abdominal segments blackish ; hind wings with a reddish- (¢) or
yellowish- (2?) brown basal spot reaching outward to the submedian
cross-vein and half-way to the first antecubital ; vulvar lamina project-
ing 5mm. Abdomen, ¢ 34°5-37, 9 35°5-38; hind wing, ¢ 35-39,
989mm... 1. 1 ee we we ek ke ee 6. hematogastra.
[AA. Front wings with two post-triangular rows for at least part of the field
proximal to the nodus; hind wings with two rows of cells between the
proximal subbasal sector (A;) and the hind margin, usually with 1-3 single
post-triangular cells reaching across the entire width of the field from short
sector to first sector of the triangle; abdomen rather stout. Thorax luteous
or yellow, a broad blackish antehumeral stripe each side, so that black
predominates on the dorsum, width of pale colour remaining between the
antehumeral stripes ] mm.; abdomen luteous with a mid-dorsal blackish
stripe on segments 4—9, in older males ‘ subpruinose with the base fuscous ”
(Hagen), in still older males the whole body is pruinose ; basal spot of hind
wings yellow, reaching out to the submedian cross-vein; vulvar lamina
projecting ‘1-2 mm. Abdomen, ¢ 25-28, 9 24-26; hind wing, ¢ 27-30,
9 28-30mm. . . 2. 1 we we ee ee ee ee ee ee redulaa..]
1. Erythemis simplicicollis.
a. simplicicollis type.
Libellula simplicicollis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 28 (1839) *.
Mesothemis simplicicollis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 170 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xviii. p. 77 (1875) °; Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. t. 57. figg. 4 (venation), 4a
(8rd leg) (1889) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 265 (1893)°; Carpenter, Journ.
Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 260 (1896)°; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 113 (1899)7; Williamson,
24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p. 325 (1900)°; Burnham, Proc. Manchester (N. H.) Inst. Arts &
Sci. i. p. 88 (1900)°; Howard, Insect Book, t. 41. figg. 8,9 (¢ 2?) (1901); Needham,
Bull, 47 N. Y. St. Mus. p. 527 (nymph) (1901); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 45. fig. 3
(venation) (1903) ”; Butler, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxx. p. 125, t. 6. fig. 5g (labium of
nymph) (1904) **.
Erythemis simplicicollis, Calvert, Occas. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 6, p. 4:2 (1905) “.
Libellula cerulans, L. maculiventris, Ramb. Névr. pp. 64, $7 (1842) ».
-Mesothemis gundlachii, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 195 (1866) ”*.
Some additional references are given by Hagen*; some others of later date, not adding to but merely
confirming our previous information, are omitted.
Certain specimens before me, all with the green of thorax and abdomen clear and distinct, show more black
markings on the thorax than is commonly to be found in this species. A male from Altamira and one
from Florida have black lines on the following parts: mid-dorsal carina, upper part of mesepisternum
(about 1:5 mm. long), humeral, obsolete first lateral (above the metastigma), and second lateral sutures.
A second male from Altamira adds to these a small blackish streak on mes- and metepimera at about one-
third height ; in a second male from Florida, these two streaks are heavier and longer (1-2 mm.). One
332 NEUROPTERA.
female from Florida, one from Little Rock in Arkansas, three from Altamira, and one from San Luis
Potosi are like the first Altamira male except that the mid-dorsal carina is pale.
The first Altamira male, alone of the above-mentioned, has a dark transverse band on the anterior surface of
the frons; since it is otherwise unquestionably simplicicollis and not collocata, it follows that the existence
of such a frontal band on a pruinose male, from which all the original abdominal markings have
disappeared, cannot be considered—as I had previously thought—proof that the individual in question
should be referred to collocata. Among notes made at the Museum of Com parative Zoology in June,
1899, I find the following: “ Mes. simplicicollis. Carrizo Sprgs. [Texas]. pruinose has a very slight
trace of a transverse band on frons; apps. are whitish; a similar condition exists in ¢ ¢ from Louisiana,
Florida, and Georgia; in 1 Fla. g, 1 Matamoros ¢,and 1 ¢ Samana, Hayti, the frontal band is very
distinct.”
No constant differences between individuals from Altamira and from the vicinity of Philadelphia have been
found.
Hab. Unirep States !—5, south from New Hampshire ®, Michigan 3, and Montana °,
and east of the Rocky Mts., also Utah (2?) 3, Ontario in San Bernardino County,
California (Snodgrass, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3)—Mexico, Matamoros’, Altamira in
Tamaulipas [3 ¢, 11 ¢], San Luis Potosi [2 ¢, 49] (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.),
Guadalajara (McClendon, U. S. NV. M.), Huastepec [Huastec 3] (Saussure?); BritisH
Honpuras, Belize (Miller, coll. Wilmsn.: 1 ¢ ).—Banamas?, Governor’s Harbour,
Eleuthera I. (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exp.: 1 2); Wusr Inpies, Cuba? ?
(Poey, coll. Amer. Ent. Soc.: 1 3), Isle of Pines!®, Kingston (Fox) in Jamaica ®
(Johnson: 1 3), Samana in Hayti (Frazar, M. C. Z.).
Taken in January (Belize), June (Altamira), August (Guadalajara), September (San
Luis Potosi), and November (Eleuthera), |
The male from Ontario, California, is pruinose but has no dark frontal band; one
from Altamira and two from San Luis Potosi are pruinose and have the dark frontal
bands; all the other individuals from these last two localities are clearly stmplicicollis.
b. Subsp.? collocata.
Mesothemis collocata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 171 (1861)*; Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. &
Geogr. Surv. Terr. (Hayden’s) 1873, p. 587 (1874)’; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii.
p. 77 (1875)°; Proc. Davenp. Acad. Sci. i. p. 205 (1876) *.
Mesothemis simplicicollis, var. collocata, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. p. 552, t. 17.
figg. 108-106 (details ¢ ¢) (1895)’; Elrod, The Museum (Albion, N.Y.), ii. p. 285 (1896) °;
Ent. News, viti. p. 39 (1897) "; Currie, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 803 (1903)*; Needham
& Cockerell, Psyche, x. p. 139 (1908) *; Osburn, Ent. News, xvi. p. 195 (1905) ©.
The youngest males before me have no dark lines on the thorax, no dark anterior frontal band, superior
appendages yellowish, brownish at tips. The frontal band is present in one example in which the thorax
is yet unmarked, the superior and inferior appendages yellowish-brown. No females which I have seen
show the frontal band. In both sexes the humeral and second lateral thoracic sutures may become
marked with black lines, but the additional black lines described for a few simplicicollis on page 331 have
not been met here. The appendages of the males become almost black in the pruinose stage, those of
the females remain yellow.
Hab. British Cotumpra, Langford Lake, Victoria?®°; Unirep Srates, Seattle in
Washington (R. Osburn in litt.), Yellowstone?®? [Adams: 1 3], City Creek Cafion
(3)
ERYTHEMIS. 339
[Browning: 1 3,12] (coll. P. P. C.) (Skinner, A. N. S.: 1 2), Ogden (MC. Z.),
Spring Lake 4 and Beaver Valley (Engelhardt & Doll, Brooklyn Inst.: 1 3,19) in
Utah, Reno in Nevada (Morrison, 1878, M. C. Z.), Pecos River, Texas}, Dimmit Lake
near Roswell, New Mexico 9, Winslow (Schwarz & Barber 8) in Arizona (C. U. lot 35,
M, C. Z.; see footnote, page 104, anted), San José (A. NW. S.: 1 ¢), Wilson’s Lake
near Pasadena [Grinnell: 1 3], Los Angeles [Davidson®: 1 2] and San Diego
(Crotch *) in California ; Lower Catirornia, Mesa Verde ®, Miraflores ®, San José del
Cabo 5 [Hisen: 4 3,3 2 | (coll. P. P. C.).—Mexico (Schumann: 1 3), Las Bocas in
Durango (Batty, A. M. N. H.: 1 2), Guadalajara (Schumann: 1 @ ) and Juanacatlan
(McClendon, U. 8S. N. M.), Tacubaya [2 2], Mexico City [1 ¢,1 2] (Barrett, coll.
P. P. ©.) (Schumann, H. H. Smith: 3 3,2 23 coll. Deam: 2 6, 3 3), Lumija in
Chiapas (coll. Westcoté: 1 ¢ ).
All the dates of capture of specimens of this subspecies fall between April? and
October®. Mr. Grinnell’s notes mention it as near Pasadena in May, June, and
September. The examples from Mexico City and Tacubaya are dated from June to
August.
The single male from Lumija in Chiapas is pruinose and has a dark anterior frontal
band. In view of what has been stated on page 332 concerning this band, and of the
undoubted occurrence of simplicicollis at Belize, it is possible that the Lumija example
may be simplicicollis and not collocata.
2. Erythemis peruviana.
Lilellula peruviana, Rambur, Névr, p. 81 (1842)*; Selys, Rev. Odon. Eur. p. 324 (1850) *.
Erythemis peruviana, Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. t. 55. fig. 3 (venation) (1889) *; Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 608 (1897)*; (7) iii. p. 367 (1899)*; Carpenter, Journ. Inst.
Jamaica, ii. p. 261 (1896) °; Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 262 (1900) ’.
Libellula bicolor, Erichson, in Schomburgk’s Reisen Brit. Guian. iii. p. 583 (1848) °.
Erythemis bicolor, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 169 (1861) ° (excl. Choco ?); Stett. ent. Zeit.
XXx. p. 263 (1869) ”.
? Libellula rubriventris, Blanchard, in Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mérid. vi. 1, p. 217, t. 28. fig. 4
(¢ color) (1843) ™.
g. The series from Casiguana permits of tracing the colour-changes not only on thorax and abdomen as
briefly stated on page 330, but also of those on the head (cf. Selys”). 1. The youngest male with thorax
and abdomen mostly luteous or pale green (except for the dark antehumeral stripes) has the vertex,
superior surface of frons, and labium pale green, clypeus and anterior surface of frons luteous, a dark
brown transverse band separating the inferior luteous from the superior green of the frous, labrum
(except for two pale basal points) and a median band on the labium blackish. 2. A little older example
has the base of the vertex, anterior surface of frons, sides of clypeus, entire labrum, a wider median
labial band, dark brown or blackish. 8. Later the blackish spreads over the clypeus and labium, but
the superior surface of frons, tip of vertex, and median part of thoracic dorsum are still pale green.
4, The frons and vertex become completely black and the abdomen red, before the pale mid-dorsal thoracic
area has disappeared from view. 5. When the thorax and base of abdomen have become pruinose the
superior surface of the frons is dark metallic-blue.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., May 1907. aX
304 NEUROPTERA.
The folowing figures exhibit the only geographical differences which I have found in this sex :—
Altamira (53). |Los Amates (3 $).| Casiguana (10 ). | Matto Grosso (5).
Abdomen .......... 0.00 eens Ne ceeees 28:5-29 26-27 25°5-27 25°5-28 mm.
Hind wing ............. we eeeeeeeee 30-33 29-30 29-31 30-30°5_,,
Antecubitals, front wing .............. 12-14 (12) 12 11-12 (12) 11-12(12) ,,
” hind wing .............. 9-10 (9) 8-10 (9) 8-9 (8) 8-9(9)
The figures in parentheses in the lines for antecubitals indicate the number occurring most frequently.
Q. No female among the present material passes beyond the stage of coloration numbered 2 above for the
males.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, colls. A. N. S., P. P. C.: 5 3), Atoyac
in Vera Cruz [1 @ ], Teapa [1 ¢,1 9] (H. H. Smith) and Frontera (coll. Westcott :
1 g,1 2) in Tabasco; Guatemata, Los Amates (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 2 3,1 23
Hine, O. S. U.: 1 3); Honpvuras, San Pedro Sula (coll. Williamson: 1 3); Panama,
La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler®).—CotomBia, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 13), Cerco’, Bodega del Carmen’, Sitio Carcajal’, Santander 7,
Sta. Fé de Bogota [Lindig }°, 1863]; Vunezueta [Appun: 1 3 |; Gutana 8, Surinam 9
[Lhorey: 12] (M. C. Z.), Georgetown (A. M. N. H.: 83,32]; Ecuapor, Casiguana
[13 3,4 ¢), El Salado [1 ¢, 2 2], Duran [1 3,3 2] (Campos R., A. N.S.); Perv?;
Brazii °, Macapa 4, Paranda de Buyassu 4, Santarem 4, Manaos47, Cuyaba [3 6,1 2],
Cachoeira [1 3, 1 2], and Uacarizal [1 ¢, 12] in Matto Grosso (H. H. Smith,
Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Santa Anna do Japara (Moenkhaus, coll. Adams: 19), Rio
Grande do Sul (v. Jhering, coll. P. P. C.: 26, 39); Paraguay, Rio Paraguay
-below Concepcion (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitisb.: 2 3, 12), Sapucay (Foster,
U. S. N. M.: 2 2); Arouytina, Corrientes! (Perren, coll. P. P. C. ex coll.
McLachlan: 2 3); West Inpigs, Jamaica 6,
Taken in February (Teapa, Los Amates, El Salado, Macapdé 4, Manaos 4, Uacarizal,
Sapucay), in April (Atoyac), May (Casiguana), June (Altamira, Colombia’), July
(Frontera), August (Altamira, Santa Anna do Japara), October (Bonda), and December
-(Sapucay, Rio Paraguay).
The resemblance between this species and Platyplax sanguiniventris has been
mentioned on page 328.
3. Erythemis mithroides.
Mesothemis mithroides, Brauer, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 266 (1900); Prinzessin Therese, ibid.
p. 262, t. 3. fig. 5 (¢ coloured), p. 261, fig. 1 (profile of body) (1900) ?.
Lrythemis bicolor, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 169 (1861) * (Chaco 9 only).
3. The three males before me show the following differences from the description’: no violet reflection on
the (red) frons, margin of labrum hardly darker ; legs reddish, tarsi, anterior surfaces of femora especially
near the apices, external (superior) surfaces of tibiee, blackish ; inferior appendage reaching as far as the
last denticle of the superiors, abdomen and appendages bright red; front wings with 13-15 ante-, 9-11
postcubitals ; hind wings with 10 ante-, 9-13 postcubitals, the basal brown spot reaching hardly more
than half-way to the first antecubital in one male from Concepcion, to a little beyond the first antecubital
ERYTHEMIS. 300
and to half-way between submedian cross-vein and triangle in the Altamira example; costal edge of
stigma of front wing 2°5-3-3 mm. The colour-differences perhaps indicate that these males are younger
than the type.
Q (hitherto undescribed). The female from “ Choco, New Granada,” referred to bicolor, Erichs., by Hagen *
is before me and is probably this species. Entire body luteous or yellowish, the following markings
blackish: a median labial band 1:3 mm. wide, margins of the ante-alar sinus, carinee and sutures of the
abdominal segments, most of the superior surfaces of the femora and of the first and second tibia, tarsi.
Remainder of the legs reddish. Appendages ‘75 mm. long. ‘ips of the wings smoky-brown inward as
far as the level of the distal end of the stigma; ante- and postcubitals as in the males; other details on
page 330.
Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3), Campeche
(Dubosc, coll. Selys).—CouomBia, Barranquilla?, Choco (Schott®, M. C. Z.: 1 9);
Perv, Jurimaguas (coll. Selys); Brazil, Coary (ibid.), S40 Paulo de Olivenca (ibid.),
Minas Geraes (coll. R. Martin); Paraguay, Concepcion (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus.
Pittsb.: 2 3).
The data quoted from the collections of MM. de Selys and R. Martin have been
kindly furnished by Dr. F. Ris (in litt., 9. ix. 05).
‘Taken in June (Altamira), August ? (Barranquilla), and December (Concepcion).
The female differs from that of peruviana by the absence of antehumeral stripes and
the coloration of the face; from that of attala by the reduction of the black markings
on the abdomen to the sutures and carine; from that of simplicicollis subsp. collocata
by the presence of yellow on the hind wings.
4, Erythemis attala.
Libellula attala, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 445 (1857).
Mesothemis attala, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 172 (1861)*; Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist.
| (6) xix. p. 607 (1897)°; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8), Zool. i. pp. 407-408 (1899) *;
Prinzessin Therese, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 262 (1900) °.
Libeliula annulata, Ramb. Névr. p. 78 (1842) ° (in part., not of Beauvois *).
Mesothemis annulata, Martin, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xi. no. 240, p. 1 (1896) 7.
Libellula annulosa, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p. 445 (1857) *.
Libellula mithra, Selys, |. c. p. 446 (1857) °.
Mesothemis mithra, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 172 (1861) *°; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi.
p. 293 (1867) ”.
The view advanced elsewhere* that these names represent individual variations and not distinct species, or
even subspecies (geographical races), receives additional support from the present material. Thus the
males from Atoyac alone show a gradual transition from those in which the blackish-brown spot at the
base of the hind wings reaches out to the first antecubital and the level thereof (attala, mithra), to those
in which it reaches to the second antecubital, arculus, and triangle (annulosa) ; the maximum width of
the hind wing in this series is 9°5-10°5 mm. Very nearly the same minimum and maximum extents
of the basal spot are exhibited by the males from Daule and Quevedo in Ecuador. Among the males
from Brazil the minimum is also the same (e. g. Cachoeira, Sta. Anna), the maximum extent exceeds that
found at Atoyac in that the spot reaches to the third antecubital and level thereof in one example from
* « Lib, annulata, Beauvois, the type in the Selys Collection is a male of the African Trithemis rubrinervis
2x2
—another puzzle for nomenclature.”—Dr. F. Ris, in litt., 2. iii. 05.
336 NEU ROPTERA.
Rio Grande do Sul. This spot shows less variation in the females than in the males, as it usually reaches
out only to the first antecubital and the level thereof, irrespective of locality. One female from Vera —
Cruz (coll. Adams) is exceptional in that the spot reaches to the second antecubital and level thereof (not
quite to arculus and triangle). Four females (1 Guadalajara, 2 Atoyac, 1 Teapa), with the spot of the.
usual size as just noted, have the lengths of the hind wings respectively 37°5, 365, 36, 36 mm.,
the maximum width of the hind wings 11, 10,11,10 mm., and the number of antecubitals 10, 11,
10, 11.
When the darkening of the body with age takes place (referred to on page 330), the seventh abdominal
segment of the males apparently retains its pale markings longer than the thorax or any other abdominal
segment; the abdominal appendages, however, remain a dull yellow throughout life.
In the youngest male I have seen (Rio Grande do Sul), the vertex and frons are somewhat metallic-violet with
a transverse pale green (?) stripe on the anterior frontal surface, most of the nasus pale green, rhinarium
obscure, labrum black, labium pale yellow with a wide median dark brown band; all of these parts
blacken with age, but frons and vertex retain their violet reflection.
In the youngest females, the frons is pale green and there is a yellow spot on each side of the labrum;
otherwise the face resembles that of the males and passes through the same colour-changes, the oldest
females before me (from Cuba) having the frons and vertex dark metallic-violet, clypeus reddish, labrum
and nearly all of labium black.
Hab. Mexico’ (coll. Adams: 1 3, 2 2), Guadalajara [1 2], Atoyac [8 3, 2-2 ]
(Schumann) (H. H. Smith: 4 3,1 2) and Presidio (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.: 16,12)
in Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 2 2), Frontera (coll. Westcott: 1 ¢,2 9) and Teapa
(H. H. Smith: 12) in Tabasco; Guatemaza, San José (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 @ );
Honpuras 7.—Cotomaia, Darien (Festa), Barranquilla®; Venezveta [1 ¢]; Guiana,
Surinam [1 9] (U. S. NW. M.), Paramaribo*; Ecuanor, Casiguana [1 ¢, 1 92],
El Salado [1 ¢], Quevedo [1 ¢, 1 2], Daule [4 3, 2 2] (Campos R., A. N.S8.);
Brawit®?8 (coll. Holland: 1 3), Obydos 3, Parintins 3, Itacoatiara 3, Manaos 3, Canta
Gallo (Dr. Teuscher, M. C. Z.: 1 2), Rio Janeiro* (coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Uhler :
1 3), Santa Anna do Japara (Moenkhaus, coll. Adams: 3 3,1 2), Cachoeira [1 ¢ ],
Rio Grande do Sul [1 ¢ ] (H. H. Smith. Carn. Mus. Pittsb.) (v. Ihering, A. NV. S.: 2.3);
Paraauay, Sapucay (Foster, U. S. VN. M.: 1 6); West Inpres, Havana (Baker: 1 2 |
and Cardenas!! in Cuba!® [Gundlach, ex coll. Hagen: 1 2] (coll. P. P. C.),
Martinique °°.
Taken in January (Sapucay, Cachoeira), February (Teapa, San José, El Salado,
Amazon %), May (Atoyac, Casiguana), June (Presidio), July (Guadalajara, Frontera,
Cardenas !!), and August (Barranquilla®, Santa Anna do Japara).
Mr. Williamson noted of this species at San José, Feb. 5, 1905: “Only one taken,
eight seen during the entire day by Hine and myself. Like all other specimens taken
at San José, found in mangrove-swamp just back of beach. On one side of swamp
the ocean, and on the other salt-works.”
5. Erythemis verbenata.
Lepthemis verbenata, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 162 (1861)'; Cockerell, Journ. Inst.
Jamaica, i. p. 258 (1893)*; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (8), Zool. i. p. 406 (1899) *.
Mesothemis verbenata, Kirby, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) i. p. 366, t. 15. fig. 2 (2) (1899) *.
ERYTHEMIS. 337
3. The youngest examples have the face and lips dull luteous, thorax and abdomen luteous with a tinge of
red, no dark markings on the thorax, those of the abdomen very faint, the basal spot of the hind wings
deep yellow. After the dark antehumeral stripes have appeared, the frons is pale green superiorly and
has a transverse anterior brownish band, clypeus obscure, some black on the free margin of the labrum
and a median black band on the labium. Black subsequently covers the lips, but the pale green on the
frons remains longer, while pruinosity is developing on the ventral surface of the abdomen. Later,
the entire frons becomes blackish with some metallic-violet reflection. The pale colours on the. abdomen
are retained longer than those on the thorax.
@. This sex passes through similar, if not as complete, colour-changes. The material from Duran indicates
that the beginnings of the dark antehumeral stripes are present as lines (about ‘2 mm. wide) before any
dark markings appear on the lips, although a faint indication of the anterior frontal dark stripe can be
seen. Pruinosity is sometimes present on the ventral abdominal surface when no black is visible on the
lips, but this is not invariably the case. Black overspreads the lips, as in the males, but I have seen no
female which has lost the pale colour of the superior surface of the frons, even when the pale abdominal
markings have almost vanished.
Such variations as I have been able to detect in comparing examples from widely separated localities are the
following :—
8. Brazil &
Altamira Gualan Duran Paraguay
Abdomen, od .......-.. (in mm.) 34 30°5-35 33-37 31-33
” QD sececeveee ” 30°5-34:5 29°5-84 31-36 29-34°5
Hind wing, d_ ........ » 34-35 32-35 31-5-35 33
on Qe ee eee ” 34-35°5 32-35 31°5-35 31°5-36'5
Most frequent number of ante- 3 12
cubitals, front wing.......... } 13 18 g 13 18
Most frequent number of ante- } 3 10 10 9 9
cubitals, hind wing.......... i 29,10 |
Maximum excess of abdomen- | gl 32
length over hind-wing-length 0 0
° 20 g1
in mm..... be cecece erences
Maximum excess of pneowins |
rength over abdomen-length in S35 S ; Sis S55
The last two series of figures indicate that at Gualan and at Duran the abdomen and hind wing vary in length
to such an extent that one or the other may be the longer.
Hab. Uniren States, Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville, Texas (Schaeffer, Brooklyn.
Inst.: 1 2 ).—MeExtco (coll. Adams: 2 & ), Mazatlan (Crotch *), Tepic? (Hisen & Vaslit,
coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.?: 1 ), Jalisco (Schumann: 13 ), Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag,
coll. P. P.C.: 46,7 2%), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann: 6 3, 2 2), San Lorenzo
Cordova (Zrujillo: 1), Orizaba [1 2 ], and Tlacotalpam [2 ? ] (Barrett, colls. P. P. C.,
McLachlan) in Vera Cruz, Rio Papagaio [1 2] and Dos Arroyos [1 2] in Guerrero,
Frontera [1 6] (A. H. Smith) (coll. Westcott: 13,7 2) and Teapa (H. H. Smith:
2g) in Tabasco, Lumija in Chiapas (coll. Westcott: 3 3,3 9 ); Britiso Honpvras,
Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux: 2 2); Guatemaa, Duefias (Champion: 1 ¢ ), Livingston
[1 3], Puerto Barrios [2 3], Los Amates [2 9], Gualan [8 ¢, 5 2 + 2 pairs]
(Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Willmsn., O. 8. U.); Panama, La Chorrera (Dolby-
Tyler *).—CotomBia, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.:
5g, 19); Venezvera (U.S. NV. M.: 1 3), Puerto Cabello’ (dppun?); Guana,
358 NEUROPTERA.
Surinam!; Ecvapor, El Salado [2 ¢, 3 2], Duran [8 3, 14 2], Babahoyo [1 ¢,
1 2], Guayaquil [2 3, 3 9] (Campos R., A. N.S.); Braziu}, Rio Janeiro [2 ¢,
2 2], Corumbdé [8 9 |, Uacarizal [1 9]; Paracuay, Rio Paraguay below Asuncion
[1 3] (A. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.), Sapucay (Foster, U. S. N. M.: 1 3); West
Inpies, Havana (Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 13,1 2), Santa Ana [Hamilton: 1 ¢ ] and
Santiago [ Robinson: 1 3] (A. N.S.) in Cuba}, Bath (Mrs. Swainson ?, coll. P. PLC:
1 3) and Kingston (Fox 3, Johnson *) in Jamaica, Port-au-Prince (coll. Adams: 1 ¢,
1 2) in Hayti (Uhler °).
Taken in eight months of the year at one or other of the Mexican localities, in
January and February in Guatemala *, in May at Atoyac, El Salado, and Corumba,
in December at Santiago, Port-au-Prince, Bonda, and Rio Paraguay.
6. Erythemis hematogastra. |
Libellula hematogastra, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 857 (1839)*; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
Xxv. pp. 82, 94 (1898) *. . .
Lepthemis hematogastra, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 161 (1861) *; Proc. Bost, Soc. Nat. Hist.
Xvili. pp. 74, 85 (1875) +; Carpenter, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, ii. p. 260 (1896)’; Kirby, Ann. &
Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xix. p. 607 (1897)°; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci. xi. pt. 11.
p. 816 (1901-02) *. .
In the youngest (Chiriqui) male before me the face is reddish, brightest on the upper surface of the frons,
labrum reddish, fuscous at the middle of the free margin, labium yellowish unmarked. Even when the
frons and nasus have become blue-black, the rhinarium may be pale, and red still present on the sides of
the labrum (Uacarizal). In none of the present material has the labium become entirely black as the
Jabrum has.
In the three females the face is green, labrum and labium yellowish, each with a median blackish band; two
of the three have some pruinosity on the ventral abdominal surface.
Hab. Uyirep Srarzs, Georgia 3 4.—GuatemaLa, Gualan (Williamson, coll. ejusd. :
13); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Adams: 1 3 ).—Co.omBia, Sta. Fé de Bogota*; Gutana,
Demerara (Lugger, coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Uhler: 3 3), Surinam!; Ecuapor, El Salado
[1 ¢,1 2], Guayaquil [1 9] (Campos f., A. N. S.); Brazit, Macapd®, Para,
Mosqueiro ®, Santarem ®, Obydos ®, Manaos ®, Pernambuco 3, Cachoeira [1 ¢ ], Cuvaba
[1 ¢ ], Uacarizal near Matto Grosso[1 ¢ ]; Paracuay, Rio Paraguay below Concepcion
[1 9 | (A. A. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pitisb.); { Bermupa’; West Inpigs, Jamaica 5,
Taken in January (Gualan, Cachoeira), February (Amazon ®, Uacarizal), March
(Amazon ®), and December (Rio Paraguay).
The resemblance of this species to Rhodopygia hollandi has been pointed out on
page 319. The two have been taken in the same locality (Cuyaba), at possibly the
same time of year (January ?). Perhaps this is a case of mimicry.
* To the male taken at Livingston, Feb. 18, 1905, Mr. Williamson has attached this note: “ At Livingston
a Carib called dragonflies ‘St. John’s Horses,’ and gave as Spanish name the translation of this. I was unable
to understand the Carib name.” :
ERYTHEMIS.—LEPTHEMIS. 339
(Erythemis credula.
Diplax credula, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 184 (1861) °.
Trithemis credula, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 20 (1890) *. .
Mesothemis credula, Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 408 (1899) *.
According to my notes made in 1897 the formule for the post-triangular rows of the front wings of the types
are: 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, (2) 3, 3, &e.; 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, (2) 3, 3, &&. In some of the present material -
the formula is: 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, &€., or even 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, &e.
Hab. Braz (M,C. Z.: 1 2), Minas Geraes !, Cachoeira [1 ¢, 1 2], Cuyaba [1 2],
Uacarizal [2 ¢, 2 2], Corumba [1 ¢ ], Piedra Blanca [1 ¢ ] (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus.
Pittsh.), Rio Grande do Sul (v. Jhering, A. N. S.: 1 ¢); Wusr Inprus, St. Thomas }.
Taken in April at Corumba and Piedra Blanca. |
LEPTHEMIS.
Lepthemis, Wagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 160 (1861); Brauer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii.
pp. 368, 723 (1868); Kirby, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 264, 802 (1889) ; Cat. Odon.
p- 89 (1890).
As here defined (anted, page 204), the genus includes but a single species.
1. Lepthemis vesiculosa.
Libellula vesiculosa, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 421 (1775) *.
Lepthemis vesiculosa, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 161 (1861)?; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
Xvill. pp. 73, 85 (1875) *; Kolbe, Archiv f. Naturg. liv. 1, p. 168 (1888) ‘; Kirby, Trans. Zool.
Soc. Lond. xii. t. 57. fig. 1 (venation) (1889) ’; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) xiv. p. 268 (1894) °;
(6) xix. p. 607 (1897) *; (7) iii, p. 866 (1899)*; Cockerell, Journ. Inst. Jamaica, i. p. 258
(1893) °; Calvert, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. (3), Zool. i. p. 406 (1899); Prinzessin Therese,
Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 262 (1900) "; Campos, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat. iv. p. 47 (1900) **.
Libellula acuta, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. viii. p. 24 (1839) ™.
The earlier literature on this species is cited by Hagen’.
Comparison of individuals from widely separated localities has furnished the following data :—
Altamira El Salado Babahoyo Port-au-Prince
(186,39). | (86,39). (43,19). (43,49).
Abdomen, go .......... (inmm.)| 40°5-44°5 | 40°5-43°5 42-44 39:5-4]
” QD se seee cans ” 41-44 42-43 46 41-43
Hind wing, d.......... ” 38-42 385-40 39-40 36°5-38
” 99 Qc cece ewes ” 40-43 40-40°5 41 39-41°5
Antecubitals, front wing, g ...... 14-17 14-16 14-16 14-17
” yo Qe eee 15-16 14-16 13-14 15-17
Do. most frequently, ¢ .......... 15 15 14,15 15, 16
” 8 ” D ceecceeeee 16 14 eee 15, 16
Antecubitals, hind wing, ¢ ...... 10-11 10.-11 10-11 10-11
” re 10-11 10-11 9 10-12
Do. most frequently, d .......... 10 11 10 11
» 8 ” DO oveceeeueee 10,11. -}|-- 10° wees 11
240 NEUROPTERA.
The range of size for the species as a whole is: abdomen, 3 39 (Duran)—44°5 (Altamira), 9 41 (Altamira,
Port-au-Prince)-46 (Atoyac, Babahoyo); hind wing, d 36°5 (Port-au-Prince)-42 (Altamira), 2 39
(Port-au-Prince)—44 (Vera Cruz) mm. ;
So far as known, the pale markings of the body are retained throughout life, although their tint becomes
duller.
- Hab. Unrrep Staves, Key West (A. WV. 8.: 1 ¢) (Morrison, M. C. Z.) in Florida,
Corpus Christi? (Aaron, A. N. S.: 2 6,2 9) and Esperanza Ranch near Brownsville
(Schaeffer, Brooklyn Inst.: 1 2) in 'lexas.—Mexico }, Matamoros? and Altamira
(Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 18 ¢, 3 2) in Tamaulipas, Mazatlan 5 (Crotch, M. C.Z.; Eisen
& Vaslit ), Santiago Iscuintla (Schumann: 4 ¢ ) in Jalisco, Misantla (#. D.G.: 1)
and Atoyac (Schumann: 1) in Vera Cruz (coll. Adams: 3 3, 6 2), Acapulco
(H. H. Smith: 19; Hasler Exped., M. C. Z.), Tehuantepec (coll. Deam: 1 ¢),
Lumija (coll. Westcott: 1 3) in Chiapas; Guaremana, Chacoj [3 ¢, 1 9 |, Panima
[1 ¢ ], San Gerénimo [1 ¢, 1 2], El Reposo [1 ¢ | (Champion), San Felipe (Maxon &
Hay, U. 8. N. M.: 1 ¢), Puerto Barrios (Hine, 0. 8. U.: 1 2) [1 ¢ ], Zacapa [1 3]
(Deam, coll. Willmsn.); Honpuras, Puerto Cortez (teste Wiimsn.); Costa Rica, San
Gabriel near San José (Tristan: 12); Panama, Chiriqui (coll. McLachlan: 1 3),
La Chorrera (Dolby-Tyler’), Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 2 3), Panama °®
(M. C. Z.).—CoLomBIa, Barranquilla 4, Bonda [H. H. Smith: 5 3,392] in Dept.
Magdalena, Bogota [1 9] (Carn. Mus. Pittsb.) ; VENEZUELA (U.S. N. M.: 26)3
Guiana 2, Georgetown (A. Ul. W. H.: 26,1 2), Paramaribo [Miss K. Mayo: 1 2];
Ecuapor, El Salado [3 ¢, 8 2 ], Duran [2 ¢, 1 2 ], Babahoyo [4 6, 1 2 ], Guayaquil ”
[1 3] (Campos R., A. N.S.); Braztn, Santarem 7, Itacoatiara’, Manaos 7, Mosqueiro ’,
Pernambuco 2, Bahia 2, Rio Janeiro 2, Chapada (H. H. Smith, Carn. Mus. Pittsb.: 1 ¢ ),
Santa Anna do Japara (Moenkhaus, coll. Adams: 1 9); Paraguay, Sapucay (Foster,
U.S. N.M.: 2 6); Wust Inpiss, Havana (Baker, coll. P. P.C.: 1 ¢) and Cardenas *
in Cuba2, Port Morant (Moore & Bullock, Univ. of Pa. Exped.: 13, 2 2), Bath
(Mrs. Swainson ®) and Half-way Tree (Aaron, coll. P. P.C.: 1 ¢) in Jamaica (Johnson),
Port-au-Prince (coll. Adams: 43,4 2) in Hayti? * (Abbott, A. N.S.: 2 2), Mayaguez
(Barreit, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3) in Porto Rico 4, St. Thomas ?, St. Vincent ®, Barbados 3
(Todd, A. NV. S.: 1 2), Union ®, Grenada ®.
Taken in February (Guatemala, the Amazon’, Sapucay, Port-au-Prince), in July
(Esperanza Ranch, Altamira, Santiago Iscuintla, Lumija, Colon), in almost every
month of the year in the West Indies.
Prof. Campos has a note’? on this species attacking the Lepidoptera, Junonia
cenia and Pieris monuste, at Guayaquil.
PACHYDIPLAX.
Pachydiplax, Brauer, Verh, zool.-bot. Ges, Wien, xviii. pp. 368, 722 (1868); Kirby, Trans. Zool.
Soc. Lond. xii. pp. 263, 305 (1889) ; Cat. Odon. p. 40 (1890); Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent.
PACHYDIPLAX. 34]
Soc, xx. p. 225 (1893) ; Kellicott, Odon. Ohio, p. 92 (1899); Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol.
Indiana, p. 250 (1900); Needham, Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 507, 508 (1901).
There is but one known species.
1. Pachydiplax longipennis.
Libellula longipennis, Burmeister, Handb. Ent, ii. p. 850 (1839); Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
Xxv. p. 66 (1898) %.
Mesothemis longipennis, Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 173 (1861)*; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
xviii. p. 78 (1875)*; in J. M. Jones’s Visitors’ Guide to Bermuda (1876) * (teste Verrill *’) ;
Uhler, in Heilprin’s The Bermuda Is. p. 154 (1889) °.
Dythemis longipennis, Uhler, Sci. Res. Chesapeake Zool. Lab. J. Hopk. Univ. 1878, p. 33”.
Pachydiplax longipennis, Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 265 (1893)*; Occas. Papers,
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. 6, p. 42 (1905) °; Kellicott, Canad. Ent. xxvi. p. 347 (1894) *°; Odon.
Ohio, p. 114 (1899) *'; Williamson, 24th Rep. Geol. Indiana, p, 326 (1900) ”; Needham,
Bull. 47 N. Y. St. Mus. pp. 526, 527 (nymph) (1901); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. xlvii.
fig. 1 (venation) (1903) **; Howard, Insect Book, t. xl. fig. 9 (¢ color.), t. xlv. fig. 7 ( ¢ )
(1901) °; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts & Sci. xi. pt. ii. p. 816 (1901-02) *; Blatchley,
A Nature Wooing, p. 215 (1902) ‘"; Walker, Canad. Ent. xxxviii. p. 153 (1906) **.
Libellula socia, Rambur, Névr. p. 96 (1842) **.
A few other older references are cited by Hagen *, and there are some of later date confirming, but not adding
to, our information on the distribution.
The majority of the Mexican specimens before me show two differences from those from the United States,
viz. (a) that the wings of the males, although sometimes smoky, exhibit none of the brownish-yellow so
frequently seen between nodus and stigma; (0) the hind wings of the females have the two dark basal
streaks, or at least that in the subcostal space, as in the males. Five females (San Pedro, Guadalajara,
Mexico City) are like all those of the United States which I have seen in lacking these streaks (cf. 3°"),
but the difference is not due to age.
Fifteen males, fifteen females from Mexico City (4 ¢, 15 9 by Mr. Deam, July 1, 1900; 3 ¢ June 24,1897,
by Mr. Barrett; the remaining 8 ¢ by Messrs. Smith and Schumann not dated) give the following
measurements, &c.:—Abdomen, ¢ 23-26, average 246; 2 22-24, aver. 266 mm. Hind wing,
S$ 29-33, aver. 30°5; 2 29-32°5, aver. 30°2 mm. Front wing: ¢ 9, antecubitals 6-7 (6), postcubitals
5-7 (6). Hind wing: antecubitals, ¢ 9 5-6 (5); postcubitals, g 6-7 (6), 2 5-7 (6).
The range of size for the species as a whole*" is: Abdomen, ¢ 20-29 (Texas); 9 18-25. Hind wing,
3 23-345 (Texas); 9 25-32°5 (Mexico City) mm. The amount of variation in size which may exist in
the same locality at the same time is shown by measurements from three males taken at Thomasville,
Georgia, June 6, 1903, viz. abdomen 22-26, hind wing 25-33 mm.
Hab. Canapa. Ontario}8, Victoria 4 in British Columbia; Unitep States, east of the
Rocky Mts.?47~-13 from Manchester (Miss Wadsworth, coll. ejusd.: 1 2) in Maine,
Massachusetts 4, Michigan !°, and Montana* southward, Yellowstone 4, Olympia in.
Washington (Kincaid, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3), North California 3; Lower CatiFrornia, San
José del Cabo (Eisen, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 2 *).—Mexico![3 6,12 ], Matamoros 3,
San Pedro (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) in Coahuila, Guadalajara [1 9 | (Schumann),
El Castillo [McClendon] and Ocotlan (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 3 2) in Jalisco,
* This specimen, and consequently the species, was overlooked in the preparation of my paper in Proc,
Calif. Acad. Sci. (2) iv. pp. 463-558 (1895). -
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., Judy 1907. 9 y
342 SUPPLEMENT.
Guadalupe [Hay: 1 6, 1 9] (U. 8S. N. M.), Mexico City (H. H. Smith, Schumann,
Deam: 12 3,17 2)[3 6,6 9], Chapultepec [4 ¢ ], Tacubaya [1 ¢ ] (Barrett, colls.
Adams, P. P. C.), Tlalpam (ZYower, coll. P. P. C.: 13, 1 2).—Bermupas? 6 13 16,
Hamilton I. (Snyder, A. NV. S.: 1 9); Banamas 8,
The Mexican examples were taken from June to September, those from San José
del Cabo and Hamilton I. in October, |
Prof. Blatchley records!" the Asilid, Proetacanthus philadelphicus, attacking this
species at Ormonde, Florida.
SUPPLEMENT.
HETAERINA (p. 19).
Heterina, Needham, Bull. 68, N.Y. St. Mus. p. 220 (1908).
The supplementary material requires the following changes and additions to the
Key to Species, anted, pp. 20-23 :—
§ I. to be united with § IT.
Under “ Males” of § II.: rubric e, after “ pale brown” insert “ (old males of cruentata may
have the labrum almost or entirely black) ”?; add a new rubric :—
“eee, Labrum black, usually with a yellow spot each side; tips of all
the wings with a brown spot. 2 2. ew ee we ww. OLY fuscoguttata.”
Under “ Females” of §1I.: rubric f, after “obscure in colour” insert “ (some females of
capitalis will fall here, but see page 847, posted) ” ; under dd, insert :—
‘ddl, Metasternum with no circular black border. (Includes g and gg
as before, 7. titia and 4. americana; americana usually has the
tibie pale superiorly, titia not so.)
dd 2. Metasternum with a circular blackish border, slightly interrupted
anteriorly,
A, Size larger (length, abd. 33-35, hind wing 27-5-29-5 mm.), 21-26
antecubitals on the front wings, wings with no stigma, venation
at base usually reddish. . . . . ~ « I. fuscoguttata.
NEUROPTERA. 343
kk, Size smaller (length, abd. 30-31, hind wing 25°5-27 mm.), 15-18
antecubitals on the front wings, wings with a small stigma and
yellowish at base . 2... . 2. we ee ee ee LD miniata.”
§ IlI.: after “ mentioned in § I. ” insert “ (some tolfeca have only two rows).” .
Anted, p. 22, second line from the bottom, under “ Tips of the hind wings only with a red spot,”
add “11. miniata*; 15. tolteca*,”
Hetzrina fuscoguttata (p. 23).
Only a single male was at hand when this species was treated in the preceding text. Of the additional
material here listed, all of the males and four of the females have two rows of cells on the hind wings
between the lower sector of the triangle and the hind margin of the wing beyond the level of the apex
of the quadrilateral. The fifth female (Surubres) has but one row here; one (Surubres) of the males
has two rows for only two cells’ length on the right hind wing. It is evident, therefore, that $ I. of the
Key to Species of Hetwrina, on page 20, anted, must be suppressed, and fuscoguttata transferred to § II.
Of the two males from Esparta, one has the two yellow spots on the labrum very small, the other has them
so large that they occupy about half the total area.
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Esparta [2 ¢, 1 9], Surubres near
San Mateo [2 ¢, 4 @ ], both on the Pacific slope (Biolley, coll. Kahl).
At Surubres Prof. Biolley noted this species as being both at “ Eau stagnante” and
* Bord de la riviére Surubres.”
Hetezrina cruentata (p. 23).
The males from Carrillo have the labrum entirely black and the area between the basal red spot and the costa
on both front and hind wings brown, even a dark brown, two peculiarities not found in the same
intensity in any other examples; otherwise they agree with typical cruentata ; abdomen 33-40°5, hind
wing 25-29-°5 mm.
Two females taken pairing with cruentata males, one at San Pedro Sula by Mr. Williamson, one at Jalapa,
Mexico, by myself, agree with the diagnostic colouring given for this species on page 26, anted.
To the localities given, add :—-Mexico, Uruapam (coll. Deam: 1 2) in Michoacan,
Frontera (coll. Westcott: 3 g) in Tabasco; GuatemaLa, Coban (Mus. Stettin, teste
Kriiger), Cacao [| Barber, Lewton: 17 3 |, Secanquim [6 ¢, 2 2 | and Sepacuite [1 ¢ ]
in Alta Vera Paz, San Felipe in Retalhuleu [1 3 | [Maxon & Hay] (U.S. N. M.),
between Agua Caliente and Guatemala City [3 ¢, 1 2], Escuintla [14 ¢, 4 9],
Santa Lucia [5 ¢, 1 9], Mazatenango [2 ¢] (Williamson, Hine, colls. Wilmsn.,
O. S. U.); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (. A. & E. B. Williamson, coll. egusd.: 1 pair
+41 3,3 2); Costa Rica, Carrillo [7 3,1 2], Monte Retondo (2 ¢,2 9 |, San José
[2 3] (Underwood) (Tristan: 1 3,1 2 ; Biolley: 29 3,2 2), Camino de La Palma
between Guadalupe and El Alto [13 ¢, 9 2], Esparta [1 2], Surubres [1 ¢ j,
Quebrada del Cangrejal [1 9] (Biolley, colls. Kahl, A. N. S.), Sta. Maria de Dota
(Tristan, colls. A. N.S., Wilmsn.: 3 3,1 9), Juan Vinas (Cary, U.S. N. M.: 13 6,
19), Pacayas (Werckele, A. M. NV. H.: 13,1 9).
Prof. Biolley noted this species at the Camino de La Palma as at “ Bord du chemin,
rigoles, lieux ombragés,” at Esparta “ Bord fangeux du ruisseau Chingo,” at Surubres
2y2
SUPPLEMENT.
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NEUROPTERA. 345
** Bord de Ja riviére Surubres”’?; Mr. Williamson at San Pedro Sula “at mouth of
gulch”; and I found this species at Jalapa, Mexico, along streams both in the open,
near the railroad stations, and also in the woods.
Hetarina vulnerata (p. 24).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tlalpam (Tower, coll. P. P. C.: 2 2) in the
Distrito Federal, Merida (Mus. Stettin, teste Kriiger).
Heterina americana (p. 26).
Heterina americana, Needham, Bull. 68, N. Y. St. Mus. p. 226, figg. 4, 5a, t. 12, t. 14. fig. b
(imago, nymph) (1903).
The supplementary material furnishes some important additional information on this variable species, which
can be most concisely stated in the table on p. 344.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Chihuahua City [9 ¢,1 2] and Bafios de
Santa Rosalia [8 ¢, 2 2] in Chihuahua, Ocotlan in Jalisco [1 ¢], Yurecuaro in
Michoacan [8 ¢, 3 2 | (Calvert *, coll. P. P. C.), Escuinapa (Batty, A. M. N. H.:
25, 42) in Sinaloa; Guatemata, Gualan (16 ¢, 10 2 |, Zacapa [33 g, 38 2 ],
El Rancho {1 2], between El Rancho and Sanarate [2 ¢ ], Sanarate [3 ¢, 1 2],
Amatitlan [6 ¢, 3 2], Escuintla [2 3 |] (Deam, Miller, Williamson, coll. Wiimsn. ;
Hine, coll. O. S. U.).
The ten examples from Chihuahua City were all taken on a very limited area of
low vegetation overhanging the beach of the river (Rio Chubistaro?) just west of the
city, and within the same hour of Aug. 17, 1906.
Not a single specimen from Guatemala lacks a stigma on any wing, and in this
respect offers a contrast to Guatemalan representatives of H. macropus (vide postea).
Hetzrina tricolor (p. 29).
The pterostigma in one male from Puerto Barrios measures nearly 1 mm. in length and surmounts 2+ to
4 cells, in the other male it is entirely absent; in the series from Los Amates it varies from surmounting
2 cells to absence; in that from Gualan from surmounting 1+ cells to being represented merely by a
slight clouding around a cross-vein ; absent in all the males, and on the hind wings of some females,
from Costa Rica.
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Puerto Barrios [2 ¢ ], Gualan [1¢,12]
(Hine, O. S. U.) [3 ¢,1 2], Section 13, Ferro Carril del Norte [1 2 |, Los Amates
[11 ¢], Santa Maria in Escuintla [2 ¢ | (Williamson, coll. gjusd.) ; Costa Rica, Rio
Machuca [5 ¢,9 2], Jesus Maria [1 ¢ ] (Biolley, colls. A. N. S., Wlimsn.).
Heterina titia (p. 31).
Heterina titia, Calvert, Ent. News, xiii. p. 192 (1902) *.
The note ' quoted gives the statistics of variation of one character in the material employed in the text, anted.
* For itinerary, see Ent. News, xviii. pp. 231-237 (June 1907).
346 SUPPLEMENT.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Santa Rosa (Schaus, U.S. V. M.: 26,12)
in Vera Cruz [1 2], Frontera [1 ¢] in ‘Tabasco, Lumija [2 g] in Chiapas (coll.
Westcott); GuaTEMALA, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 12); Nicaragua, Rio
Escondido, 50 miles from Blewfields (Richmond, U. S. N. M.: 1 2).
Hetzrina macropus (p. 34).
The words “in Puebla” after “ Putla” on page 35, under “(H. asticta),” should be struck out.
All the examples present from the Atlantic slope of Guatemala, San Pedro Sula, and from Costa Rica have a
stigma on all four wings. In those from Gualan it varies in surmounting from less than 1 to 2+ cells,
the most frequent number in the males being 14+ (61:3 °/, front wings, 75°8 °/, hind wings). At
Escuintla, Santa Lucia, and Mazatenango both stigmatous and astigmatous conditions exist; at the last-
named the stigma varies from surmounting 1+ cells to complete disappearance, the most frequent
condition in the males being that of surmounting 1 cell (29-7 °/, front wings, 26 °/, hind wings). The
presence or absence of the stigma is not correlated with age.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tapachula (Cook & Collins, U. S. N. M:
13,12); Guatemata, Los Amates [1 ¢ ], Gualan [31 3,13 92 }, between El Rancho
and Sanarate [1 ¢, 1 2], Agua Caliente [1 ¢ ], Escuintla [32 6,18 @ ], Santa Lucia
[27 ¢,6 2], Mazatenango [70 ¢, 8 2 | (Williamsons, Deam, Hine, colls. Wiimsn.,
O. S. U.) [19 3 ], San Felipe in Retalhuleu [1 2] (Maxon & Hay, U.S. N. M.), Cacao
it Alta Vera Paz (Barber, U. 8. N. M.: 39,1 pair “im copula”); Honpvuras, San
Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 7 3,3 2); Costa Rica, Esparta (1 ¢ ], Surubres
near San Mateo [4 3,7 2] (Biolley, coll. Kahl), Rio Machuca [4 3, 2 2], Jesus
Maria [3 6] (Biolley, colls. A. N. 8., Wlimsn.), Guapiles (Crawford, coll. P. P. C.:
13,19).
Mr. Williamson noted at San Pedro Sula “This spfecies] in gulch”; Prof. Biolley
at Surubres “ Hau stagnante ” and “ Bord de la riviére Surubres,” at Esparta “ Bord
fangeux du ruisseau Chingo.”
Heterina miniata (p. 37).
Only the single type male has hitherto been known.
3. The red spot at the base of the hind wings frequently does not reach out to the distal end of the
quadrilateral, and its prolongation in the costal and subcostal spaces never reaches as far as the nodus.
Twenty-five males, measured for this latter detail, give the limit of this prolongation as from °55--76 of
the distance from base to nodus, the average being ‘655. No red spot exists at the tip of the front wing.
Not infrequently the labrum has a small yellow spot each side.
Q. Head black, with coppery-red reflections on the nasus and anterjor surface of frons, and the following
yellow : anterior surface of the first two antennal joints, a large spot on each side of the labrum, the
outer surface of the mandibles, submentum, mentum, and part of the lateral labial lobes.
Thorax dark coppery-red, mid-dorsal carina black, inferior lateral margins of prothorax and four stripes on each
side of meso-metathorax, viz., on humeral and first and second lateral sutures and just above the latero-
ventral metathoracic carina (the last three stripes confluent inferiorly),
a blackish circle.
Abdomen brownish anteriorly, blackish posteriorly, a very narrow transverse basal yellow
mid-dorsally, on 2-5, 6 or 7; mid-dorsal longitudinal carina of 10 terminating
spine ; appendages subequal in length to 10, acutely pointed, projecting a little
do the palps of the genital valves.
yellow. Metasternum pale, with
ring, interrupted
posteriorly in an acute
farther backward than
NEUROPTERA. ad7
Legs black, coxse and trochanters largely yellow, femora pale or pruinose inferiorly. Wings faintly yellowish,
a little deeper so at the bases.
S$ Q. Pterostigma present on all front wings and on nearly all hind wings, surmounting less than one, one,
or a little more than one, cell, dark, obscure; in five g hind wings (=2 °/,) out of 233 and in one 2
hind wing out of 10, the pterostigma is reduced to a slight clouding around a single cross-vein; this
reduction in every case is asymmetrical with a normal stigma. Maximum number of rows of cells on
the hind wings between the lower sector of the triangle and the hind margin, distal to the level of the
quadrilateral, two in 83 9/, 5,90 2/o Q 3 one in 17 %/, 5, 10%, 9.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 34°5-38, 2 30-31; hind wing, ¢ 24°5-27°5, 2 25°5-27 mm.
To the locality given, add:—GuatemaLa, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 1 2);
Honpvras, San Pedro Sula ( Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 pair +118 3,3 ¢).
Mr. Williamson noted at San Pedro, Feb. 26, 1905, of a male of this species, ‘ In
shade in gulch 3 spp. of et. in the same narrow ravine,” and the next day, also of a
male, “This sp. in gulch. 4 spp. of Het. taken Feb. 27 along one stream.” ‘The
other species referred to were H. cruentata, H. macropus, and H. capitalis,
Heterina capitalis (p. 37).
g. The males from Quebrada del Cangrejal and to a less extent those from San Pedro Sula display the course
of development of the wing-colours as follows :—In the youngest example, the area at the bases of all the
wings which is later to be red is a pale brown, except the (darker brown) subcostal space from base outward
nearly to (front wings), or to a little beyond (hind wings), the level of the distal end of the quadrilateral,
the venation of this area being still paler, and at the tip of the hind wings there is a hardly perceptible
rounded hazy spot. The basal brown becomes reddish first in the postcostal spaces and also, on the front
wings, immediately distal to the quadrilateral ; subsequently the red spreads anteriorly over the basal
area, but the subcostal spaces remain brown even when the costal spaces are strongly carmine, although
even this brown becomes red still later. ‘The red spots at the wing-tips do not appear until after the
bases are markedly red, and it would seem first on the hind pair, later on the front wings. The material
at hand does not indicate whether these apical red spots appear before or after the pruinosity of the under
surface of the basal red. In the youngest males described the labrum is entirely black, the nasus metallic
blue-green.
. The San Pedro Sula and Bugaba females have a large yellow spot on each side of the labrum, and there
is an indication of such in the female from Cacao and in one from Quebrada del Cangrejal. These four
(which do not appear younger or older than others with black, unspotted labra) might be referred to
macropus by ove using the key on page 21, anteda. They differ from macropus 2, however, by their
larger size, by the metallic-green stripe on the mesepimeron being the full length of that sclerite (in
macropus it stops considerably short of reaching to the upper end), and by the armature of abdominal
segment 10 described on page 38. Some of the Cangrejal and the Bugaba females are a little smaller
than previous measurements: abdomen 31 mm., hind wing 27,
3 2. A stigma is present on all the wings of all this supplementary material, although it varies in size, even
in the same individual.
To the localities given, add :—Guaremata, Cacao in Alta Vera Paz (Barber,
U. §. N. M.: 16,1 2); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula ( Williamson, coll. gusd.: 8 8,
12); Costa Riva, Quebrada del Cangrejal (Biolley, colls. A. N.S., Williamson: 11¢,
12 9), Carrillo ( Underwood: 1 2 in bad condition, doubtful); Panama, Bugaba
(Champion: 1 ¢ ).
Mr. Williamson noted at San Pedro Sula, Feb. 27, 1905, of a male, “This sp. in
gulch.”
348 SUPPLEMENT.
Heterina majuscula (p. 38).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Carrillo [2 ¢ ], Sarbaca [2 3 | (Under-
wood). |
Heterina infecta (p. 38).
Page 39, anted, in description of wings of 2, for * articulation ” read ‘ reticulation.”
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Monte Retondo (Underwood : 1 ?).
Heterina tolteca (p. 40).
g. The supplementary material is older and demonstrates that the colour-differences of the type from infecta
are due to its immaturity. In these, the metallic-green metepisternal stripe reaches down to the spiracle,
the abdominal segments are dark brown or blackish, pterostigma present, surmounting one cell, or slightly
more or less, basal red on the hind wings occupying the entire area from the median vein backward to
the first row of cells below the postcosta and outward to the distal end of the quadrilateral and, on the
oldest two, also the costal space to beyond the level of the quadrilateral, tips of the hind wings with a
red spot, of the front pair slightly brownish, wings more or less smoky throughout; three of the six hind
wings have but two rows of cells between the lower sector of the triangle and the hind margin, although
in two of these the two rows are interrupted by three cells, -
Hab. Mexico, near Jalapa (Calvert, coll. P. P.C.: 3 3).
Occurred in the woods along a stream, in company with H. cru-ntata, but much less
abundant, Sept. 12, 1906.
AMPHIPTERYX (p. 42).
Amphipteryx agrioides (p. 42).
Amphipteryx agrioides, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 53. fig. 8 (1903) °*.
CORA (p. 48).
Two additional and undescribed species from our region have come to light. In
both of them the nodus, on the front wings, lies almost midway between the base and
the proximal end of the stigma, the second sector of the triangle is trifurcate, and
there is no dark band. ‘They differ from each other in size, in the relative extent of
dark and pale colours on the thorax, and in C. chirripa possessing one, or only a
rudiment of one, supplementary sector between the first and second sectors of the
triangle, while C. skinnert has three such supplementary sectors.
3. Cora chirripa, sp. n.
$. Head black, a rounded orange spot between each lateral ocellus and the antenna of the same side, the
following pale yellow or blue: @ spot on the frons below each antenna, genze, a wide marginal stripe on
the nasus, labrum, outer surface of the mandibles, submentum, mentum, and busal half of median
labial lobes.
Thorax predominantly pale blue with the following black markings: front and hind prothoracic lobes and a
median stripe connecting them on the middle lobe; anterior mesothoracic border, a mid-dorsal thoracic
stripe which is twice as wide (15 mm.) above the inferior fork of the mid-dorsal carina as below that
fork, and which again widens at the level of the superior fork of the carina so as to reach outward to the
NEUROPTERA. 349
humeral suture, and is continued along the upper edges of mesepimera and metepisterna to the second
lateral suture, confluent with a superior humeral spot, a line on the upper half of the first lateral suture
and a shorter line on the upper end of the second lateral suture; a spot on the mesinfraepisternum,
connected with one on the lower end of the mesepimeron ; two on the metepimeron, both slightly above
the latero-ventral carina, the anterior larger than the posterior ; less distinct marks at the bases of the
legs and a curved stripe on each side of the metasternum.
Abdomen black, the following pale blue or yellow: segment 1 except on the basal dorsal area, a stripe on
each side of 2 for its whole length, a short transverse basal mark on each side of 3. ©
Superior appendages subequal in length to segment 9, with the usual median process directed inferiorly and
internally.
Legs blackish, femora inferiorly pale blue.
Wings slightly yellowish, stigma blackish, surmounting 4 or 5 cells, or 3 and parts of two others, its posterior
edge five times as Jong as its distal edge. Front wings with 27-32 antecubitals, the thicker one being
the 10th or 12th; 25-31 postcubitals. Hind wings with 21-26 antecubitals, the thicker one being the
8th or 10th; 25-28 postcubitals.
©. Unknown to me.
Dimensions, § .—Abdomen 34-35 mm., hind wing 27-27°5; distance from base to nodus, front wing, 12,
from nodus to proximal end of stigma 13, from base to nodus, hind wing, 11, from nodus to proximal
end of stigma 13; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 2 mm,
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 2 ¢ ).
Differs from C. modesta, Selys, by its thoracic colour-pattern and longer pterostigma.
The specific name proposed is slightly altered from that of an Indian tribe.
4, Cora skinneri, sp. n.
Head black, a rounded orange spot between the median ocellus and each antenna; the following pale (yellow
or blue ?): gens, a small spot on each side of the nasus, labrum (except for its margins and a median
line traversing it which are black), mentum, and submentum,
Prothorax as in the preceding species. Thoracic dorsum predominantly black, each side a pale humeral stripe,
_ nearly half as wide at its lower end as the black mid-dorsal, but narrower above where it does not reach
the antealar sinus; mesepimeron black, except for that part of its anterior margin which is occupied by
the pale humeral stripe; metapleuron chiefly yellow, but its upper and lower margins and a short line
on the upper end of the second lateral suture black. Pectus pale yellowish, some indistinct marks at
the bases of the legs and a curved stripe on each side of the metasternum blackish.
Abdomen black, the following pale yellow or blue: segment 1 except its basal dorsal area, a narrow longitudinal
stripe on each side of 2 from base three-fourths way to apex, a basal dot on each side of 3 and a similar
but smaller dot on each side of 4. Appendages similar to those of C. chirripa. Legs blackish.
Wings faintly yellowish; stigma blackish surmounting four cells and parts of one or two others, its posterior
edge 4-54 times as long as its distal edge. Front wings with 37-39 antecubitals, the thicker one the
15th ; 37-89 postcubitals. Hind wings with 29 antecubitals, the thicker one the 12th or 13th; 35-38
postcubitals,
@. Unknown to me.
Dimensions, ¢6 .—Abdomen 39, hind wing 33°5; distance from base to nodus, front wing, 15, from nodus to
proximal end of stigma 16-5; from base to nodus, hind wing, 13, from nodus to proximal end of stigma
16; costal edge of stigma, front wing, 2 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Tablazo (Biolley: 1 ¢ ).
Differs from C. munda by its thoracic colour-pattern, from C. inca by the shape of
the pterostigma, &c.
The specific name is in honour of Dr. Henry Skinner, to whom both entomology
and myself are so much indebted for aid and encouragement.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., July 1907. 9g
300 SUPPLEMENT.
ARCHILESTES (p. 45).
Archilestes grandis (p. 46).
Archilestes grandis, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 51. fig. 6 (venation) (1908) 7; xxvii.
p. 712, t. 42. fig. 8 (nymph) (1904) *.
Additional material from Cuernavaca extends the range of size in this locality over the measurements given
on page 47, viz.: abdomen, ¢ 41-5, 9 37-45; hind wing, ¢ 31, 2 33-39 mm.
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Diente near Monterey (Rhoads, A. N.S.:
1 2), Queretaro City (Calvert observ.), Teocelo in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. Smythe * :
1 2), San Marcos (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.: 1 ¢) in Jalisco; GUATEMALA, Sepacuite
(Griggs, U.S. N. M.: 1 3); Cosra Rica, San José [21 ¢, 3 ¢ ], Camino de La Palma
between Guadalupe and El Alto [1 ¢ ] (Biolley, colls. Godman, Kahl).
The locality given on page 46 as “Santa Ana (in Tlaxcala ?) ” is probably Santa Ana
in Chihuahua.
Prof. Biolley noted this species at Camino de la Palma as at ‘Bord du chemin,
rigoles, lieux ombragés.”
LESTES (p. 47).
Insert “or black” after “ green” in the last line and in the fourth line from the
bottom on page 47, and in the first line on page 48, anted.
Lestes alacer (p. 48).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Saltillo in Coahuila [1 2], Yurecuaro in
Michoacan [1 3, 3 2] (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.), Agua Azul [Tower: 1 3] at Guada-
lajara (McClendon: 1 3], Juanacatlan in Jalisco [McC.: 1 ¢,1 2] (coll. P. P. C),
Guadalupe (Hay, U. S. N. M.: 1 ¢ ), Tizapan (Barrett, coll. Adams: 2 ¢).
1 (a). Lestes henshawi, sp. n. (Tab. X. fig. 1.)
3. Head black, labium cream-coloured, gene, labrum, and external surface of mandibles pale bluish-green ;
rear of the head black, except immediately around the occipital foramen which is yellowish.
Thorax pale bluish-green, the following black with some metallic reflection: a pair of spots on the middle
prothoracic lobe (and, in the Costa Rican male, its inferior lateral margins), a mid-dorsal mesothoracic
stripe which widens from below (1 mm.) upward and backward (1‘5 mm.) (leaving the mid-dorsal
carina pale, however), but only touching the antealar sinuses close to the carina, a.mesepimeral stripe,
‘6 mm. wide, which only touches the humeral suture at its upper end, a much narrower stripe on the
second lateral suture, two metepimeral spots, one anterior, the other posterior, both touching the latero-
ventral metathoracic carina, and a spot on each side of the metasternum.
Abdomen metallic-green anteriorly, black posteriorly, a mid-dorsal stripe and the sides of segment 1, an
inferior lateral stripe and an apical lateral spot (or these confluent) on 2, the middle three-fifths of the
inferior surfaces of 3-5, pale yellowish-green; dorsal surface of 9, and of 10 slightly at base, sterna of
8 and 9, pruinose; inferior surface of 10 yellowish.
Superior appendages longer than segment 10, shorter than 9, black ; in dorsal view, straight m the basal half,
regularly curved toward each other in the apical half, which bears on its outer margin 4-8 denticles ;
* Prof. Ellison A. Smythe, of the Virginia Polytechni¢ Institute, Blacksburg, Va., who has kindly loaned
me a small collection of Mexican Odonata for the present work.
NEUROPTERA. 301
on the inner margin at one-third of the appendage-length is a moderately acute, backwardly-directed
tooth, following which the inner margin is slightly convex and finely denticulated to about two-thirds of
the appendage-length, the convex part terminating without any excision, but gradually curving to form
the terminal third of the appendage, which ends in a rounded tip. In profile view the superiors are
nearly straight in the basal two-thirds, curved somewhat downward in the terminal third with a rounded
tip; the inferior margin presents three convexities, which are greatest at the extreme base, at one-third
length and almost at the apex, and two concavities, which are at their maxima at one-fifth and at three-
fourths length.
Inferior appendages one-half (Costa Rican 3), or one-third (Bogota 3), as long as the superiors, even in the
Costa Rican ¢ not reaching to the level of the hind end of the denticulated part of the inner margin of
the superiors ; in dorsal view curved toward each other in their apical half; in profile view constantly
decreasing in thickness from base to apex, this decrease much more marked in the proximal half, apical
half (Costa Rican ¢), or third (Bogota ¢), curved upward, rather slender.
Legs black, tibiee superiorly with a pale green stripe, inner surfaces of femora pale in the proximal half
of each.
Wings very faintly yellowish, pterostigma almost black, its bounding-veins concolorous; 13-15 postcubitals
on the front wings, 11-14 on the hind.
©. Unknown.
Dimensions, g¢.— Abdomen 36°5-37°5, hind wing 25°5-26-5, costal edge of stigma of front wing
1:6-1°8 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe and El Alto (Biolley,
coll. Kahl: 1 3 ).—Coxomstia, Sta. Fé de Bogota (Lindig, 1863, MC. Z.: 1 3).
Dedicated to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, Curator of the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass., whose kindly aid it has been a frequent pleasure to acknowledge in
the course of this work.
Resembles ZL. simplex, but is larger, more robust (width of head and of thorax
4-7 and 3 mm. respectively, in simplex 4°5 and 2°5 mm. respectively), mesepimeral
black stripe wider (:3--4 mm. in simplex), inferior appendages relatively shorter
(in simplex three-fourths as long as the superiors and reaching to the hind end of
the denticulated part of the inner margin of the superiors).
Lestes sigma (p. 49).
3. The Brownsville example has the distal two-thirds of the pterostigma distinctly yellow; one of those
from Altamira has the distal fourth of the same of a paler brown than the remaining three-fourths.
The basal tooth of the superior appendages is more rounded in the Altamira specimens, which are
entirely pruinose on thorax and, in one, also at base and apex of abdomen; 10-11 postcubitals on the
front wings.
9 (hitherto unknown). Differs from the description of the d on p. 49 as follows :—Thorax possibly pale
green in life, antehumeral spot, mesepimeral stripe, spot on inferior edge of metepimeron and adjoining
part of metasternum black, the mesepimeral stripe about three times wider in its upper than in its lower
half. Tarsi obscure, but not black. Abdominal segments 3-7 obscure, luteous in great part, with some
ill-defined black, 8-10 pruinose ; only the distal tip of pterostigma yellowish.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 34:5~35, 2 32; hind wing, g 22-23, 2 22 mm.
To the localities given, add:—Unitep Srares, Rocks Ranch [1 2 | near Brownsville
(1 3] (Schaeffer, Mus. Brooklyn Inst.) in Texas.—Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas
(Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3).
Taken at Rocks Ranch April 16, at Brownsville in June, at Altamira July 19,
1903. |
222
SUPPLEMENT.
qs
Cr
Lo
Lestes forficula (p. 50).
The Altamira examples appear to have preserved their natural colours very well and thereby offer some
differences from and additions to Selys’s description :—Labrum, rhinarium, gene, and external surface
of the mandibles pale green or blue, labium almost white or cream-coloured, dorsum of thorax pale green
or blue, metallic-green antehumeral stripe from one-fifth to one-eighth as wide as the mesepisternum,
a reddish-brown or black line on each side of and touching the pale mid-dorsal thoracic carina for the
whole, or a part of, its length; abdominal dorsum dark metallic-green anteriorly, blackish posteriorly,
a pale blue transverse basal ring on 3-6 or 7, a narrower pale transverse apical ring on 2-6 interrupted
mid-dorsally, a pale blue mid-dorsal longitudinal line on 2-5, almost as long as each segment, widest
on 2; inferiorly the abdomen is pale green or yellowish. Inferior appendages of the males longer than
in our figure (Tab. IIT. fig. 25).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 29°5-33, 9 32°5-35; hind wing, ¢ 19-215, 9 22-24 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas (Hoag, coll. P. P.C.:
22 6,22).
Dr. Hoag collected these specimens June 30, 1903, and made this note on them :—
“ Damsels taken near a slough in woods 3 miles N[orth] Efast] of A[lta] M[ira].”
Lestes tenuatus (p. 50).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 2 ¢ ).
MEGALOPREPUS (p. 51).
' Megaloprepus cerulatus (p. 51).
Megaloprepus cerulatus, Selys, C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxiv. p. cxx (1890) "; Needham, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 748, fig. 37 (venation) (1903) ”.
The Los Amates male is the smallest yet recorded: abdomen 70, hind wing 64 mm.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Tuxtla in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll. Adams:
1 @); Guaremata, Los Amates near Quirigua ruins (Deam, coll. Wilmsn.: 1 3);
Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 1 ¢, 1 2), Santa Clara (Alfaro: 1-3), Quebrada
de Java, Southern Costa Rica (coll. Adams: 1 3).
PSEUDOSTIGMA (p. 53).
Pseudostigma aberrans (p. 54).
The Panama male in Mr. Adams’s collection has the opaque black spot (‘“ false pterostigma ”’) reaching to the
end of the median vein on both front and hind wings.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Santa Rosa (Schaus, U. 8. N. M.: 1 2 ) and
Tuxtla (Barrett, coll. Adams: 1 2) in Vera Cruz; Guatemata, Los Amates (Miller,
coll. Wilmsn.: 1 9); Panama (coll. Adams: 1 3).
Pseudostigma accedens (p. 55). |
The Panama female (abdomen 105, hind wing 64 mm.) has the opaque yellow spot on the hind wings also
occupying three rows of cells, so that on both front and hind pairs this spot reaches to the ultra-nodal
sector ; antenodal cells on front wings 3, on hind wings 2. The specific character given at the top of
p. 54, anted, is clearly shown, viz., the cells at the tips of the wings are clear and not opaque as they are
in Ps, aberrans.
To the localities given, add:—Panama (coll. Adams: 1 9).
NEUROPTERA. 353
MECISTOGASTER (p. 55).
Mecistogaster ornatus (p. 55).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Sayupa in Durango (Batty, A. M. N. H.:
1 @), Arroyo del Muerte (Beebe *) in Jalisco, very near the Colima line and about
ten miles from the Volcan de Colima; GuatemaLa, San Felipe in Retalhuleu (Maxon
& Hay, U.S. N. M.: 13,1 2), Escuintla (Mr. & Mrs. Deam, coll. Wilmsn.: 2 2);
Honpuras, Puerto Cortez (W. H. Vogel, Milwaukee Publ. Mus.: 1 9); Costa Rica,
Bebedero (Underwood: 1 3,1 2), Surubres [1 ¢ ], Rio Machuca [1 ¢, 2 2 #] (Biolley,
colls. A. N.S., Wilmsn.).
Mr. C. W. Beebe, Curator of Ornithology of the New York Zoological Park, has
given an account of this insect in life which is worth repeating here, as it occurs in a
work * not likely to be consulted by entomologists. With his permission we quote
as follows :—‘* While walking up the dark ravine I saw, to my amazement, four flecks
of sunshine dancing slowly ahead of me, although, at that moment, not a breath of air
stirred the branches. I could make nothing of it, until I enclosed the flickering spots
in my net. Only then did I see that they were four yellow and white markings, one
at the tip of each wing of a large dragonfly. In the dim light of the ravine, the rest
of the wings, transparent and colourless, and the long attenuated body, were absolutely
invisible, leaving to the eye only four small golden spots, which would ordinarily be
lost among the myriad dots of sunlight. For an insect of its size (44 inches in spread
of wings, and with a body 4 inches in length) the protection was the most perfect
I had ever seen. To photograph the dragonfly I had to pose it in the brightest
sunlight, thus giving no idea of the wonderful illusion which a deep shadow
produced—when the wings vanished, the body became a slender twig, and only a
single spot of yellow, where the wings overlapped, told of its position; a hint so
intangible that it must be safe, even in this land of keen-eyed, insect-eating birds,
mammals and reptiles.” Mr. Beebe’s photograph is reproduced in his book (p. 240)
and renders the identification of the dragonfly certain. | |
Of the examples taken at San Felipe, Mr. Maxon wrote me :—‘“ The two collected
were the only ones seen [Feb. 23, 1905]. They lacked the usual dragonfly ability
of dodging and getting away quickly, and their flight was otherwise very peculiar.
They were, moreover, so slight that it was difficult to see them, in the partial shade,
well enough to sweep, or to follow them in their movements, which were at all times
extremely deliberate. Their flight was very slow and weak, and often they would
remain nearly stationary for ten or fifteen seconds, very much as when a dragonfly
hovers before ovipositing.” On one of the Escuintla females Mr. Williamson sent
this note:—‘“ Collected by C. C. Deam in a dry ravine. Flight hke that of a
Morpho.”
* ¢Two Bird-Lovers in Mexico’ (Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin, & Co., 1905), pp. 239-241.
3854 SUPPLEMENT.
Mecistogaster modestus (p. 56). |
The Costa Rican examples should perhaps be referred to the race tphigenia, Selys *, as “‘dans les deux sexes
la raio humérale interne est réduite & une virgule basale trés courte,” and one female has decidedly
“Le bout des quatre ailes blanc laiteux ”; the other females have an indication of this milky- whiteness.
One of the Carrillo males has the pterostigma 3 mm. long, however.
To the localities given, add :—Guatemata, Cacao in Alta Vera Paz [Barber: 1 2];
Costa Rica, San Carlos [Schild & Burgdorf: 1 3}, Juan Vifias (LZ. Bruner: 1 2 |
(U. 8. N. M.), Carrillo (Underwood: 2 3,2 2).
3. Mecistogaster amalia.
Agrion amalia, Burmeister, Handb, Ent. ii. p. 818 (1889) *; Calvert, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxv.
p. 87 (1898) *.
Mecistogaster lucretia, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) x. p. 24 (1860) >. Mém. Couron. xxxviil. p. 25
(1886) ‘; Compt. Rend. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1890, pp. cxix, clxiv’; Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer.
p. 65 (1861) °; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 709, fig. 4w, t. 51. fig. 8 (venation)
(1903) 7.
Mecistogaster linearis, virgatus, filiformis, leucostigma, Ramb. Ins. Nevr. pp. 282, 284, 285, 286
(184.2) (teste Selys*). | |
Nec Libellula lucretia, Drury, Sulzer.
Pterostigma present, yellow to black according to age (Selys).
This species may be recognized by the pair of large reddish or greenish spots occupying most of the dorsal
surface of the middle prothoracic lobe, the reddish or reddish-brown mesepimeral band, the black stripe
on the second lateral suture interrupted above the base of the third coxe, metasternum with a mid-
ventral (but no marginal) black stripe, costal margin of the hind wings of the male with a marked
forward projection at the pterostigma.
3. Pterostigma occupying two rows of cells, the first row (between costa and the median vein) of 5-9 cells,
the second (between median vein and principal sector) of 1-4 cells.
Q. Pterostigma occupying one row of 8-13 cells between the costa and the median vein. The tips of the
wings may be milky or smoky from (and even below) the pterostigma to the principal sector, or to
the supplementary sector next below.
Abdomen, ¢ 120-130, 9 85-110; hind wing, g 58-85, 9 55-70 mm.
Hab. Panama (coll. Adams: 1 @).—Braziu! (1 @ with Hagen’s label “ lueretia,”
coll. P. P. C.), Rio Janeiro4*® (coll. P. P.C.: 13), 8. Paulo®, Minas Geraes*,
Bahia’, Para®; Peru+; West Inviss, San Domingo ®.
The Panama locality, if correct, is in contradiction to de Selys’s statement * that this
species inhabits the neighbourhood of the Atlantic between 10° and 25° S.
THAUMATONEURA (p. 58).
Thaumatoneura, Calvert, Ent. News, xv. p. 216 (1904) *.
Two species are now known and have been separated as follows? :—
Wings with a black or dark brown band for their entire width, from the nodus
(or even a little proximal thereto) to more than half-way to the pterostigma;
no transverse pale citron band on frons or nasus . . - . » 2 eee e | inopinata.
Wings uncoloured; a transverse pale citron band on nasus and on frons con-
necting the yellow genal spots. 2 - ee ee ee ee ee ee pellucida.
* Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 22 (1886); C.R. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxiv. p. cxix (1890).
NEUROPTERA. 355
Thaumatoneura inopinata (p. 58).
Thaumatoneura inopinata, Calv. 1. ec. (1904) ”.
To the locality given, add :—Costa Rica, Carrillo? (Underwood: 4 3).
2. Thaumatoneura pellucida.
Thaumatoneura pellucida, Calv. 1. c. (1904) *.
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo! (Underwood: 2 ¢ ).
PARAPHLEBIA (p. 59).
An additional species of this genus, and the smallest yet known, has come to light,
pertaining to group A of the synopsis on page 59, anted. From the characteristics of
that group, the words “Tips of the wings of the males brown” must now be struck
out, as the new species has those organs uncoloured.
1 (a). Paraphlebia abrogata, sp. n.
3. Differs from the description of P. zoe on p. 60, anted, as follows :—Nasus, frons, and gene opposite
thereto pale blue, no reddish spots on the vertex; thoracic dorsum obscure in the younger example but
apparently violaceous, a dark line on each side of the median carina and an ill-defined metallic-green
antehumeral stripe whose width is one-third of that of the mesepisternum on which it lies, mesepimeron
black, metepisternum yellowish, a black stripe bordering the second lateral thoracic suture anteriorly,
metepimeron chiefly black, a pale streak bordering the second lateral suture and another on the latero-
ventral metathoraciec carina, mid-dorsal thoracic carina and humeral suture pale yellowish ; in the older
¢ the thoracic dorsum is entirely metallic-green, the median carina blackish, while the other parts are
coloured as just described; pectus (metasternum) brown in the younger ¢, blackish in the older ¢,
which latter has abdominal segments 9 and 10 pruinose superiorly.
Abdominal appendages as described for P. zoe and as figured for P. quinta (Tab. V. fig. 1).
Wings entirely colourless; median sector in every case arising at, or slightly distal to, the vein of the
nodus, never proximal thereto; supplementary sectors between the median and the short 4—6 (front), 4-5
(hind), symmetrically or asymmetrically ; between the superior and the inferior of the triangle 6 (front),
4-5 (hind), symmetrically or asymmetrically ; antenodal cells always less than one.
©. Unknown to me.
Dimensions, ¢ .—Abdomen 39-39°5, hind wing 31:°5-32°5 mm.
Hab. GuatEMALA, Cacao in Alta Vera Paz (Barber, Lewton, U. S. N. M.: 2 3).
In the absence of colour on the wings this species resembles P. hyalina, Brauer,
which I have not seen, but from the description of which it differs in the point of
origin of the median sector, in the colour of the metasternum, and in its smaller size.
Paraphlebia duodecima (p. 60).
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Sepacuite (Griggs, U. S.N. M.: 1 2,
immature and in bad condition).
PHILOGENIA (p, 61).
The three species of this genus now known from our faunal region are to be
recognized chiefly by the abdominal appendages of the males.
356 SUPPLEMENT.
2. Philogenia terraba, sp. n. (Tab. V. figg. 8, 9.)
¢. Predominant colour on head and thorax in the dried specimen brownish-yellow with the following parts
or markings otherwise: labrum, bases of mandibles, first antennal joint, mentum, and a small spot to
the outer side of each ocellus bright yellow (rear of head pale blue in life ?); an inferior lateral spot
on prothorax above first coxa, mid-dorsal thoracic carina, a mesepimeral stripe continued on to the
mesinfraepisternum, a metepisternal stripe bordering the second lateral thoracic suture anteriorly,
a triangular spot widest superiorly and covering most of the metepimeron, black.
Abdominal segments 1-6 brown, 7-10 blackish; most of dorsum of 1, a lateral longitudinal line on each side
of 2-6, much shorter relatively to the length of the segments on 4-6, a narrow transverse basal ring
on 3-6, and a mid-dorsal longitudinal line on 3 yellow, 9 pruinose dorsally.
Superior appendages nearly twice as long as segment 10; in profile view convex superiorly, inferiorly with a
triangular tooth-like projection from the inner surface of the appendage at one-half length, apex rounded
and obtuse. Inferior appendages very little shorter than the superiors, bent toward each other in the
apical third, which is much more slender than the basal two-thirds; at about three-fourths length is
a very distinct supero-internal tooth.
Legs pale luteous. Wings colourless, costal edge of stigma of front pair 2 mm., of hind pair 2°5 mm. long,
stigma surmounting 4 cells and parts of two others or less; 25-26 postcubitals on the front pair, the
nodal sector arising at the sixth or seventh; 22 on the hind pair, nodal sector arising at the sixth or
seventh ; two antenodal cells except on the right front wing.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 39, hind wing 32 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Pacuare del Sur (coll. Adams: 1 3).
Taken January 19, 1897, at 600 metres elevation.
_ This is the specimen briefly mentioned on page 62, anted. The specific name is
that of a tribe of Southern Costa Rica.
A female from Surubres, Costa Rica (Biolley, A. N. S.), may belong here; I am
unable to find constant differences between it and the females referred to P. carrillica,
unless its uncoloured wings be such.
8. Philogenia carrillica, sp.n. (Tab. VIL figg. 6, 7, 12.)
3. Head blackish; labrum, bases of mandibles, mentum, and rear of head pale (blue in life?), Thorax as
described for P. terraba, but with the addition of a metallic-green stripe on each side of and parallel
to the mid-dorsal carina, the stripe about twice as wide as the carina, from which it is separated by an
interval as wide as the carina itself; pectus, metapleuron, and coxe lightly pruinose. Abdomen as
described for P. terraba, the colours darker, 10 also pruinose dorsally.
The above are the colours of the Juan Vifias example. One badly-flattened male from Carrillo is evidently
younger, has head and thorax as above, but without any pruinose on any part of the body, the ninth
abdominal segment being pale (blue ?) dorsally.
In the oldest example before me, from Carrillo, which has been figured as the type of the species, the colour-
changes are that the thorax is chiefly dull dark metallic-green, leaving only the humeral and lateral
sutures paler, the pectus yellowish ; more pruinosity on the inferior parts of the thorax, the apex of
segment 8, and the whole dorsum of 9 and 10; the yellow abdominal markings more reduced.
Superior appendages twice as long as segment 10; in profile view with a large convex inferior prolongation
of the inner surface, terminal third tapering to a fairly acute apex. Inferior appendages subequal in
length to the superiors, diverging from each other except for the terminal fifth, which is bent inward
and upward as a lamella but without any anteapical tooth.
Wings colourless, except for an apical smokiness for the width of one cell in the oldest example.
@. Head and thorax pale reddish-brown; vertex, frons, nasus, labrum, labium (except mentum and
submentum), spots and stripes on prothorax and thorax as described for P. terraba, black. Abdominal
segments 1 and 2 pale brown, remainder of abdomen as described for P. terraba, but most of the dorsum
of 8 and 9 pale; a little pruinosity on the ventral surfaces of thorax and abdomen.
Legs pale brown, wings pale dirty brown.
NEUROPTERA. 357
3 Q. Costal edge of pterostigma 2-2°5 mm. on the front wings, 2:25-3 mm. on the hind, stigma surmounting
5-7 (3), 4 (@) cells on the front, 4-7 (3), 4-41 (9) cells on the hind pair; front wings with
27-31 (3), 23-25 (2) posteubitals, nodal sector arising from seventh to between eighth and ninth,
three antenodal cells (two in one wing, 1 ¢); hind wings with 24-27 (¢), 19-22 (2) posteubitals,
nodal sector arising from between sixth and seventh to eighth, two antenodal cells.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 42°5-47, 9 34-40; hind wing, ¢ 36-38, 9 31:5-37 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 26,22), Juan Vifias (Bruner, U.S. N.M.:
13).
Taken at Juan Vifias, March 18, 1902.
De Selys has commented * on the “ prodigieuse” variation of the appendages in
Philogenia, but until the described forms have been figured it will not be possible to
decide on specific limits. .
HETERAGRION (p. 62).
Heteragrion tricellulare (p. 63).
On the front wings of one of the Mexican examples the subnodal sector arises at -23 of the distance from
nodus to pterostigma,
To the localities given, add :—Mexico [2 ¢, apices of abdomen lost]; GuATEMALA,
Finca Trece Agnas in Alta Vera Paz [0. F. Cook: 1 3] (U. S. N. I).
Heteragrion chrysops (p. 63).
To the localities given, add:—GuatTEMaLa, Cacao in Alta Vera Paz (Barber,
U.S. N. M.: 3 3), Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. 8S. U.: 1 3); Honpuras, San Pedro
Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 2 pairs + 9 3,1 2).
Mr. Williamson made the following notes at San Pedro Sula on this species :—
“Feb, 26, 1905. Pair. Resting on vertical vine stem in dark ravine over water, in
couple, not copulation.” —* Feb. 26,1905. 3. Indarkest places in ravine; on twig tips,
resting with hanging abdomen and widespread horizontal wings. Seen only at rest,
never on the wing, very inconspicuous.”—‘“ Feb. 27, 1905. o¢. In shade, in darkest:
parts of gulch on dead twigs, always with wings expanded as described 2-26-05.”
Heteragrion erythrogastrum (p. 65).
¢. An apparently immature male from Esparta has the abdomen pale reddish, the terminal sixth of segments
3-6 darker red, so that it seemed a young H. chrysops, but it has the inferior appendages rudimentary as
in erythrogastrum, with which latter it otherwise agrees. If this identification be correct, this specimen
affords a glimpse of the manner in which the deep uniform red of the abdomen of this sex is developed.
Q. The dimensions of these Costa Rican females are:—Abdomen 26-31, hind wing 23-25 mm.; but,
other than their smaller size, I can find no difference from the females of H. chrysops, not even in the
extent of petiolation of the wings, as De Selys asserted in 1886,
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Guapiles (Crawford, coll. P. P.C.: 19),
Esparta [3 ¢, 2 9], Surubres near San Mateo [1 ¢,1 2 ] (Biolley, coll. Kahl), Rio
Machuca [2 ¢ ], Jesus Maria [2 ¢,1 2] (Biolley, colls A. N. S., Wiimsn.).
Prof. Bioiley notes the Surubres specimens as from “ Eau stagnante” and also
‘‘ Bord de la riviére Surubres.”
* Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg. xxxviii. p. 39 (1886).
BJOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., Judy 1907. oa
358 SUPPLEMENT.
HYPONEURA (p. 65).
Hyponeura lugens (p. 66).
Hyponeura lugens, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 2. fig. 22 (mes. lam. ¢) (1902) °
Needham & Cockerell, Psyche, x. p. 135 (1903)‘; Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XXVil.
t. 42. fig. 5, t. 43. fig. 8 (nymph) (1904) °.
ARGIA (p. 67).
Argia, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. p. 105 (1902) °; Needham, Bull. 68 N. Y. St. Mus.
pp. 236, 237 (1903) *; Kennedy, Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1902, p. 164 (1904) ’.
Since the publication of the section in the preceding text devoted to this genus,
Hagen’s drawings, referred to on page 67, anted, have been published *, and
Mr. Kennedy has independently called attention® to the mesostigmal lamine in
this genus. —
The new species described below, and the discovery of some previously unknown
sexes of species hitherto known from only one sex, necessitate the following
modifications and additions to the Key of the Species (pp. 69-74).
Males.
(The reader must be reminded that the abdominal appendages furnish the
most important specific characters of the males.)
P. 70.—DD. (Some old males of meséa will fall here.)
Change CC to CCC and insert a new CC immediately in front of the former CC as follows :—
CC. Segments 8 and 9* pale olive, dorsum of 8 with a longitudinal black [(young).
stripe each side, dorsum of 9 with a round black spot each side. 4. mesta
CCC {to replace former CC). Segments 8 and 9 pale on dorsum.
a. Segment 3 with basal half entirely blue, remainder of dorsum
black, 8 and 9 with an inferior longitudinal black stripe each
side, antenodal cells 5-4 on the front wings, 4 or 3+ on the
hind, inferior appendages slightly bilobed in profile view. . . 6 (a). éerira.
aa. Segment 3 with basal sixth or less blue, remainder of dorsum
black, 3 antenodal cells on the hind wings.
b. Inferior appendages bifid, segments 8 and 9 with an inferior
longitudinal black stripe each side. . . . . . . . . 7. sedula.
bb. Inferior appendages trilobed in profile view.
c. Pale colours of thorax and base of abdomen blue, no inferior
black stripes on segments 8 and 9, more often 4 antenodal
cells on the front wings . . . . «© . © «© « «© « 7 (A). gaumeri.
ec. Pale colours of thorax and base of abdomen violet, segments
8 and 9 with an inferior longitudinal black stripe each side,
more often 3 antenodal cells on the front wings . 8. pulla; 8 (a). frequentula
(their differences are given under pulla, posted).
* These expressions refer to abdominal segments, unless a definite statement to the contrary is made.
NEUROPTERA. . 359
BB. After “8 mostly blue on dorsum,” insert “ (except in some indicatrix).”
F. (Some A. pipila will fall here, but properly belong under L, page 71.)
Under FF, which remains in its present form, insert :—
d, Antenodal cells on the front wings usually more than 3.
Species 11-14, as before, and 16. dificilis.
dd. Antenodal cells on the front wings usually 3.
e. Mid-dorsal thoracic black stripe at least a little wider than
either pale antehumeral stripe, rear of head chiefly black.
f. Inferior appendages a little shorter than the superiors,
second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe for its
entirelength . . 2. 2... ew eee ee 16 (A). underwoodi.
jf. Inferior appendages twice as long as the superiors, second .
lateral thoracic suture with a black mark at its upper end
only 2... ee eee ee ee ee . 16 (B). johannella.
ee. Mid-dorsal thoracic black stripe reduced to a line; rear of
head chiefly pale; inferior appendages a little longer than
the superiors ; second lateral thoracic suture with a black
stripe for its entirelength. . . . . . . 1. . ~« .16(c). talamanca.,
P. 71.—Change HHH to read “ apical sixth to fifth black.”
Under L, which remains in its present form, as also does the rubric for harknessi, change as
follows :—
Inferior appendages bifid at tip.
Lower branch of inferior appendages subequal in length to the
upper branch, black humeral stripe narrower in its upper half. 21 (a). pipila.
Lower branch of inferior appendages longer than the upper
branch, black humeral stripe of subequal width throughout . 22. barretii.
2. First line, change to read “ (except in some specimens of A. tonto).”’
P, 72.—N. Change to read as follows:—Antenodal cells on front wings 4 (or 5 in var. munda
of vivida).
Change MM to MMM, and insert a new MM between former MM and NN as follows :—
MM. Superior appendages bifid at apex, branches subequal in length;
8 antenodal cells on the front wings; postbasal black streaks present
and continuous with the apical black on segments 3-7; 8-10 blue
with an inferior longitudinal black stripe each side . . . . . . 83{A). pocomana.
Females.
(The shapes of the mesostigmal lamin are among the most important
specific characters of this sex.)
P. 73.—Alter D as follows :—
D. Mesepisternal tubercles present, but small; segment 10 pale on
dorsum.
a. Labrum pale; a pale mid-dorsal stripe on segments 3 and 4,
or on 8 only ; 4 antenodal cells on the hind wings. . . . . 9. uimeca,
Baz
360 SUPPLEMENT.
aa. Labrum black, a pale mid-dorsal stripe on segments 3-5, 3 ante-
nodal cells on the hind wings . . - - s+ e + + + + 10. adamsi.
Alter BB to BBB, and insert a new BB between former BB and FF as follows :—
BB. These markings consisting of two (longitudinal, as in former B and BB)
stripes, more or less confluent at base, occupying the basal fourth or less
of segment 8 and nearly the whole length of 9; mesepisternal tubercles
well developed, antenodal cells 5-4 on front wings, 4-3+ on hind . 6 (4). éerira.
J. Add “ (some examples of mesta, e. g. from Chapala, will fall here).”
Transfer 18. cunraurea to JJ, as the female has mesepisternal tubercles and I cannot separate it
from cuprea ?.
Alter GG to read as follows :—
GG. Mesepisternal tubercles absent or very small.
b. Mesepimeral black stripe reaching upward almost to, or to, the
upper mesepimeral margin ; dark colours of head and thorax with
some metallic reflection . . . . 2 © © «© «© «© © «© « «+ 19. @nea.
bb. Mesepimeral black stripe reaching upward only half-way to the
upper mesepimeral margin, dark colours of head and thorax
without metallic reflection . . . . 2 1. ee ee © «© « Q1(A). pipila.
AAAA. 28. variabilis and 28 (a). medullaris may be distinguished, provisionally at least, by the
mesostigmal laminz (vide posted).
Alter AAAAA as follows :—
AAAAA. Dorsum of segments 8 and 9 pale, unspotted (except for a pair of
basal dorsal black dots on 9 in pocomana).
c. Antenodal cells on front wings more often 4 or 3+, no pale mid-dorsal
longitudinal stripe on segment 3. . 2. 6 ee ee ee ee + 7A). gaumeri.;
cc. Antenodal cells on front wings more often 3.
d. Segment 9 with a pair of basal dorsal black dots, rear of head pale, a
mid-dorsal longitudinal pale stripe on segments 3-5... . . 83 (A). pocomana.
(Occasionally an extranea 2 , with unusually wide black stripes on
3-6 and 3 antenodal cells, falls here, e.g. one from Escuintla, Guat.)
dd. Segment 9 with no black marks.
e. Second lateral thoracic suture with a black stripe on its entire length,
pale mark on each side of rear of head elongated transversely. .16(a). underwoodi.
ee. Second lateral thoracic suture with a black mark only at its upper
end, pale mark on each side of rear of head elongated vertically.
8. pulla, 8 (a). frequentula, 16 (8). johannella (vide posted).
P. 73, 8th line from bottom, insert “ A. variabilis” before “ A. violacea.”
Alter the second of the two subdivisions of rubric 1 to read as follows :—
Mid-dorsal and humeral black stripes present.
21. harknessi, 24, lacrymans, 24 (a). tonto (differing by their mesostigmal laminz).
NEUROPTERA, 361
P.74, Alter L to read :—Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (or 5 in var. munda of vivida).
Alter KK to read :—Segments 8 and 9 pale, each with a longitudinal black stripe on each side
of dorsum, from the base backward to a variable distance.
N is to be cancelled, as harknessi belongs under 1, page 73, as just stated.
Argia calida (p. 75).
Argia calida, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 18, 18 a (apps. 3) (1902) *.
Argia mesta (p. 76).
The examples from Chapala have the venation blackish throughout, while all others from Mexico and the
United States have the longitudinal veins pale brownish, The Chapala females, with one exception, have
the hind margin of the prothorax bordered with black except at the extreme end each side (no black
border, only a small isolated black spot each side in all other females), and the longitudinal black stripe
on each side of abdominal segments 2-9 as wide as, or wider than, the pale mid-dorsal area separating it
from the stripe of the opposite side (in all other females this stripe is much narrower than the pale mid-
dorsal area and is absent from 6, 7 or 8-10). The exceptional Chapala female, the largest of its sex
from that locality, is in these two respects like the females from other places, The Chapala examples
also tend to a greater number of postcubitals :— .
Colorado River, bottom of Grand | Nuevo Laredo, | Montemorelos,
Cajion, Arizona. Tamaulipas. N. Leon. Chapala, Jalisco.
10 dod. 629. 4 god. 53d. 436. 8 2g.
Postcubitals, 13-16 13-15 14-16 14-17 16-18 16-18
front wings ..|(average 14-25)(average 14-16) (average 14-5) \(average 15°5)) (average 17 ) | (average 16-9)
Do., hind wings . 11-13 12-14 12-13 12-15 12-16 13-16
(average 12°25) (average 12-5) (average 12°38)|(average 13-3) (average 13:88)|(average 14-18)
Abdomen, length
in mm....... 34:5-36 32°5-35 35-36 32-35°5 31-36 32-35
Hind wing, length
inmm....... 24-25°5 26-27 245-25 22-255 26-27 27-30
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guzman [1 ¢ ] in Chihuahua, Chapala [4 ¢,
8 2 | in Jalisco (P. P. Calvert, coll. ejusd.).
These examples were taken on the lake-beaches at both localities.
Argia translata (p. 76).
Argia translata, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, xxxix. t. 1. figg. 9,9 a (apps. 3) (1902) °.
The black thoracic markings of the males may have a dark metallic-blue, -red, or -green reflection in dried
specimens from even the same locality.
In the males from Amatitlan the mesepimeral part of the black humeral stripe does not reach to the front
wing-base, as it does in most other examples, and there is a pale mid-dorsal longitudinal line on abdominal
segments 3-8, nearly as long as 3-6, shorter on 7 and 8,
In the Amatitlan females the black humeral stripe proper is represented only by a short line on the uppermost
fourth of the humeral suture, entirely unconnected with the mesepimeral part, which latter reaches
upward only three-fourths-way to the front wing-base; in strictly dorsal view, the pale mid-dorsal stripe
on abdominal segments 3-5 is almost as wide as the combined black stripes to right and left,
To the localities given, add :—GuaremaLa, Puerto Barrios[4 ¢ ],Gualan[7 3,12 1
Amatitlan [3 ¢,1 9, -+1 pair], Santa Maria[1 3 ] (Williamson, Hine, colls. Wilmsn.,
O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Surubres near San Mateo [coll. Kahl: 1 3], Rio Jesus Maria
[1 ¢ | (Biolley), Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood, M. C. Z.: 1 3,1 2).
362 SUPPLEMENT.
Argia tezpi (p. 77).
3d. Some examples from Gualan, Surubres, &c. have the pale antehumeral stripe orange, a pale mid-dorsal
longitudinal line on abdominal segments 3-8, and the sides of 8 pale inferiorly in younger individuals.
Q. A specimen from between Gualan and El Rancho and one from Surubres have the black dorsal stripes
fused together for their entire length on segments 8 and 9; one from Gualan has a pair of dark spots on
the basal fourth of 10. Segments 7 and 8 have a pale mid-dorsal longitudinal line in some.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tuxpan in Jalisco (McClendon, U.S. N. M.:
1 2), Balsas (Lutz, Field Col. Mus. Chicayo: 1 @); Guavemaa, Gualan [60 ¢,12 2,
+ 1 pair], Zacapa [3 ¢], between Gualan and El Rancho [2 2], El Rancho [6 g,
2 9], between El Rancho and Sanarate [3 ¢ ], Sanarate [7 g, 4 2, + 1 pair] (Wil-
liamson, Deam, Miller, coll. Wilmsn.; Hine, coll. O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Surubres near
San Mateo (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 4 ¢,1 2), Jesus Maria [2 ¢ ], Rio Machuca [2 2]
(Biolley, colls. A. N. S., Wilmsn.).
Mr. Williamson noted of this at Gualan, Jan. 14, 1905, “ A species found on rocks
in ripples,” and Prof. Biolley, “‘ Bord de la riviére Surubres.”
Both sexes of this species frequently, but not always, have the wings pale amber-
colour.
6 (a). Argia terira, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 3, 3s, 14.)
3. Rear of the head black with a pale blue stripe along the eye-margins ; frons, clypeus, gene, labrum,
postocular spots (and in some a spot between them), and a small spot between each lateral ocellus and the
antenna of the same side, bright pale blue. Pale blue antehumeral stripe one-half to two-fifths as wide
as the black mid-dorsal, which latter has some dark metallic-green reflection. Black humeral stripe one-
fourth to one-half as wide as the pale antehumeral, usually forked at its upper end except when very
narrow. A black line on the second lateral thoracic suture, and one on the upper end only of the
obsolete first lateral suture. Abdominal segments 1 and 2 blue; three black lines forming three sides
of a polygon, closed posteriorly, on the basal dorsal half of 1; a black stripe on each side of 2, which in
the apical third curves toward the mid-dorsal line to meet, or not to meet, its fellow of the opposite side
at the hind end of the segment; 3 with its basal half entirely blue, apical half black; 4-7 black with
a narrow transverse basal blue ring; 8-10 blue, an inferior longitudinal stripe each side for the whole
length of these segments, but much narrower in the basal two-thirds of 8.
An immature male has the pale blue of the head replaced by orange-yellow, the black of the body generally
by brown ; the mid-dorsal thoracic stripe is metallic-green, metepisternum bright yellow—the most con-
spicuous area of the body,—the blue of thorax and abdomen represented by dull yellows and pale browns.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Blue of the male replaced by pale brown or yellowish-brown in the
dried condition, although with some hints of bluish; metepisternum bright yellow, as in the immature
male; segment 2 with only an apical dark spot in the apical third ; basal three-fifths to two-thirds of 3
pale, remainder black ; basal half of 4 pale tawny or ochre, a pair of small spots shortly behind the base
and the apical half black, which black later covers the entire segment except for the transverse basal
ring; 8 and 10 with a transverse basal black ring, which may be produced a little posteriorly on the
dorsum, 9 with two paramedian dorsal black spots as long or nearly as long as the segment, 8-10 with
an inferior black stripe each side, confluent at the bases of each with the other markings here described.
Mesepisternal tubercles well developed.
$ 2. Wings pale yellowish throughout ; stigma of the front pair g -8-1, 9 1 mm. long, surmounting more
than one (91°7 °/, 5, 83'3 °/, 2 ), or one (8°3 °/, 5, 16°7 °/, 2 ) cell; of the hind wings g 1-1-2, 9 1:1 mm.
long, surmounting more than one (91°7 °/, 3, 100 /o 2), or one (8:3 9/, 3+) cell.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (58:3 °/, 3, 33'3 °/o 2), 4+ (25 %/, 3, 50 %/, 9 ), or 4 (16-7 °9/, 3 2);
on the hind wings 4 (75 °/, 5, 83:3 %/o Q) or 3+ (25 °/, 5, 16-7 9/, 9).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 31:5-84'5, Q 30-30°5; hind wing, ¢ 25-26:5, © 25-5-27 mm.
NEUROPTERA. 363
Hab, Costa Rica, Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe and El Alto (Biolley,
coll. Kahl: 63,32).
The superior appendages somewhat resemble those of A. underwoodi, sp. n., but the
inferior appendages and the pattern of colouring of abdominal segment 3 are different.
The specific name proposed is that of a Costa Rican tribe.
Argia sedula (p. 78).
Argia sedula, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 10, 10a (apps. 3) (1902) °;
Kennedy, Proc, Indiana Acad. Sci. 1902, p. 165, fig., t. 2. figg. 3, 4 (mes. lam. 3 3) (1904) °.
9. The well-preserved female from Santa Rosalia gives pale green as the ground-colour of the abdomen,
segments 2~7 having pale brown markings like the black ones of the male.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia [6 ¢,1 ¢] in Chi-
huahua, San Pedro [2 ¢] in Coahuila (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.), Victoria (Rhoads,
A. N.S.: 1 2) in Tamaulipas.
7 (a). Argia gaumeri, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 41, 41s; Tab. X. figg. 2, 2s, 20.)
d+ Rear of head black, with a pale stripe bordering each eye. Pale blue antehumeral stripe one-fourth to
two-fifths (even in the same locality, Fuerte de 8, Felipe) as wide as the black mid-dorsal stripe. Black
humeral stripe subequal in width to the pale antehumeral, its uppermost third narrower and forked—or,
less frequently, narrower only at the extreme upper end and not forked. A black line on the entire
length of the second lateral thoracic suture, a short line on the site of the upper end of the obsolete first
suture. Abdominal segment 2 blue, a black stripe each side for its entire length, the two meeting on the
dorsum for the apical half or third of the segment, leaving between them, on the basal half or two-thirds
of the dorsum, a blue area, rounded posteriorly, whose width is greater than that of either black stripe ;
3-7 black with a narrow transverse basal blue ring, which on 3 reaches to one-sixth to one-eighth of the
length of the segment, to still less on 4-7 ; 8-10 blue, no black markings. Legs blue, femora superiorly,
tibiee inferiorly, and the tarsi black.
®. Differs from the male as follows: violaceous replacing the blue, black line on second lateral thoracic
suture less marked, pale dorsal area on abdominal segment 2 hardly wider than a line. One individual
from Fuerte de San Felipe has the wings so deeply tinged with yellowish-brown as to suggest indicatria:,
but may be distinguished therefrom by the absence of dark markings on segments 8-10,
3 2. Pterostigma of the front wings ‘67-83 mm. long, surmounting less than one (64 °/, g, 67 °/, 2), or one
(36 °/, 5, 25 °/, 2) cell; of the hind wings °75--86 mm. long, surmounting one (56 °/, ¢, 75 "lo ZG),
less than one (40 9/, 3, 25 °/, 2 ), or more than one (4 °/, 3) cell.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (84 °/, d, 83 °/, 2), 3 (129, 6,177, 2), or 34 (4 °/o 3); on
the hind wings 3 (100 °/, ¢ 9).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 23-26°5, 2 22:5-27; hind wing, ¢ 16-19, 9 17-5-20°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Izamal in Yucatan (Gaumer, Field Col. Mus. Chicago: 1 3); Brivisn
Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux: 1 3); GuatemaLa, Puerto Barrios (Hine,
0. 8. U.: 2.6) [Deam: 2 2], Fuerte de San Felipe [Wllmsn., Deam: 1 pair +
19 g,2 2]; Hoypuras, Puerto Cortez [Wilmsn.: 2 3,1 92] (coll. Wlimsn.).
Very closely related to pudla and Ffrequentula, differing chiefly by the blue instead
of violet colours of the male, and four antenodal cells on the front wings. The
appendages of the male are like those of freguentula, the mesostigmal lamine of the
364 SUPPLEMENT.
female intermediate between those of frequentula and of pulla. Fig. 2, Tab. X., is
more characteristic than fig. 41, Tab. VIII., owing to the imperfect condition of the
appendages of the Izamal male. The examples from Puerto Cortez are larger than the
others.
8. Argia pulla (p. 79; emend.). (Tab. IV. figg. 88, 33 ss; Tab. X. figg. 6-8.)
Argia pulla, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 16, 16a (apps. gd) (1902)
References *~ as on p. 79, anted; * is doubtful.
Argia puella, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 86 (1905) ’.
The capture by Mr. Williamson of several pairs of what appeared at first sight to be this species has shown
that two closely related forms or species exist, and has made it possible to correlate the two sexes of
these. Thanks to the unfailing kindness of Mr. Henshaw, I have been able to compare Hagen’s two
types of pulla with the other material and so to ascertain definitely what the true pulla is. As a result,
the list of localities previously given for pulla (anted, page 79) requires some revision, but the description
there given applies to both of the species differentiated below.
. Superior appendages ¢ (cf. figures
cited for each species)
. Inferior appendages ¢ : most in-
ferior of the three apical lobes as
seen 1n profile view
External apical angle as seen in
ventral view (= middle lobe of
profile view) |
. Mesostigmal lamina 9 (cf. the
figures cited for each species)
. Fork of the mid-dorsal thoracic
carina at its lower (anterior)
end 92
. Mesepimeral part of the forked
black humeral stripe ?
A. pulla,
more deeply divided at apex.
more distinct from the other two.
not acute, rounded almost as much
as the inner apical angle.
less elongated transversely, not
attaining the mid-dorsal thoracic
line by one-half its own long
dimension, the interval between
right and left laminz as great
as the long dimension of one of
them.
about as wide as deep, within the
fork is a small geminate yellow
spot.
reaching upward less than half-way
toward the wing-base, or absent.
4
°
A. frequentula.
less deeply divided at apex.
less distinct from the other two.
almost acute, distinctly more
pointed than the inner apical
angle, which is rounded.
more elongated transversely, reach-
ing mesad nearly to the mid-
dorsal line, so that the interval
betweeen right and left lamine
is not more than one-third of the
long dimension of one ot them.
narrower than deep, no geminate
yellow spot within the fork.
reaching upward to more than
half-way toward the wing-base
(or absent in some ?).
6. Postcubitals: front wings d.... 12-16 (14) 13-16 (14)
” 99 Qaeee 18-16 (14) 13-16 (14, 15)
hind wings ¢.... 10-14 (12) 12-15 (12)
9 » Qe 11-14 (12) 12-14 (13)
7, Abdomen, in mm. ¢.......... 25-26°5 27-28
” ” ore 24-5—28 25-28
8. Hind wing, inmm. d ........ 17-19 18°5-19°5
er » g 17-20 18-5-20
The differences between these two species are more marked in the females than in the males. The males of
both species have character 4 asin pulla Q, character5 asin frequentula 9. The numbers of postcubitals
NEUROPTERA. 560
and the dimensions given above are based on 10 ¢ pulla S. Pedro Sula; 10 ¢ frequeniu’a San Pedro
Sula; 9 2 pulla Escuintla, 1 9 S. Lucia; 10 Q frequentula, Teapa.
Hab. (of pulla). Mexico, Tepic [14 ¢ ], Sierra Madre, Presidio de Mazatlan, Guada-
lajara, Vera Cruz, Medellin, Iguala, Rio Balsas, Tepetlapa, as before (anted, page 79),
Teapa [1 ¢, 2 2, only], Yurecuaro (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3) in Michoacan ;
GuATEMALA, Livingston [1 2 ], Los Amates [1 ¢ ], Gualan [6 pairs + 152 ¢, 15 @ |,
between El Rancho and Sanarate [1 ¢ ], Sanarate [5 ¢ |, Amatitlan [6 ¢, 2 @ |, Santa
Maria[2 pairs + 5 ¢ |, Escuintla[97 3 ,9 @ |, Santa Lucia [1 pair + 24 ¢ |, Mazatenango
[11 ¢]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula [1 pair + 13 ¢,2 2 | (Williamsons, Hine, colls.
Wlimsn., O. S. U.); Nicaracua, Chinandega® (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 2 3), Chontales
as before; Costa Rica, Surubres [34 6,11 2], Esparta [7 3 | (Biolley, coll. Kaht),
Jesus Maria [4¢], Rio Machuca [8 ¢ | (Biolley, colls. A. NV. S., Wlimsn.); PANama
(as before), Chiriqui (id.).—VeEnrzveta (Appun: 1 ¢,a4%: 16, both in MC Z,
types of Hagen !):
Of the examples taken at Gualan, Mr. Williamson wrote: ‘Jan. 14, 1905. A common
marsh species frequenting grass in sun and shade. ‘This species associated with
species marked A [= Argia indicatrix| which was very rare. In marsh between
Gualan and village Sing Sing.” He also records a male from Escuintla, Jan. 31,1905,
as “taken from spider’s web.”
Some specimens appear to be intermediate between pulla and frequentula. Thus a
female from Jojutla, Morelos, Mexico (Barrett, coll. P. P. C.) has the colours of pudta, but
the mesostigmal lamine are more elongated and more approximated (see Tab. X. fig. 22)
and hence approach those of frequentula. Two females from Oaxaca (Howard, U. S.
N. M.) with the colours of frequentula have the laminz less elongated, thus approaching
pulla, and much the same condition exists in the females from ‘Tepic (Tab. X. fig. 23).
Of uncertain relationship are sixteen females (Bruner, Cary, U. S. N. M1.) from Juan
Vifias, Costa Rica, having the mesostigmal lamin as in frequentula, but having the
hind prothoracic lobe pale, unmarked with black (both pulla and frequentula have
some black marks thereon), the black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe distinctly narrowed in
its lower fourth, the black humeral stripe consisting of a superior streak and a separate
inferior line, or of a continuous line, which widens only at its extreme lower end, so
that there is practically no black mesepimeral stripe.
8 (a). Argia frequentula, sp.n. (Tab. IV. fig. 33s; Tab. X. figg. 9-11.)
For description, dimensions, &c., see above under A. pulla.
Hab. Mexico, Misantla, Atoyac, Teapa (38 ¢*, 34 2), Rio Cocula, Tehuantepec,
Tolosa, as before, anted, page 79; GuateMmaa, Livingston [as before, and 0 ¢, 5 @ ],
Puerto Barrios {1 ¢, 1 ¢], Sections 11 [1 pair + 6 ¢] and 13 [2 ¢ ] of Ferro Carril
* Some of the males enumerated from this and other localities on page 79, antea, as pulla, had lost their
appendages and hence cannot now be distinguished as pulla or Frequentula.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., July 1907. 8b
366 SUPPLEMENT.
del Norte, Los Amates [2 pairs + 22 ¢, 6 ¢ |, Gualan [S$ ¢ |; Honpvuras, San Pedro
Sula [one pair + 41 3,9 2] (Williamsons, Deam, Hine, colls. Wiimsn., O. 8. U.);
Nicaracua (U. 8. N. M.: 12); Cosra Rica, Surubres (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 1 2 |,
Rio Machuca (Biolley, colis. A. N. S., Wilmsn.), Caché as before, Juan Vinas (Cary,
U. S.N. M.: 1 8); Panama, Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 1 ¢ ). |
Following are some observations by Mr. Williamson on this species :-—‘* Tos Amates.
In rank vegetation along stream below Los Amates. Jan. 17, 1905, same situation as
Anomalagrion hastatum.” ‘San Pedro, Feb. 28, 1905. At mouth of gulch.”
It will be observed that freguentula and pulla occur in the same localities (Teapa,
Livingston, Los Amates, Gualan, San Pedro Sula, Surubres) and even on the same day
(e. g. Feb. 28, 1905, by E. B. Williamson ; Jan. 19 and 20, 1907, by L. A. Williamson ;
both at San Pedro Sula).
I am not able to certainly distinguish between the females of frequentula and
johannella, unless the following character suffices: in the former the costal and distal
sides of the pterostigma are subequal, while the latter has the costal side distinctly
longer than the distal.
Argia ulmeca (p. 80).
g. The example from San Pedro Sula has the upper end of the well-developed black humeral stripe fused
with that of the mid-dorsal ; abdomen 31, hind wing 22°5 mm.
Those from the Pacific slope of Guatemala show some departure from the type in having: (a) the black
humeral stripe reduced to a very narrow stripe or even a line, which in at least two examples is present.
only on the upper end of the humeral suture ; (0) a black line at the upper end only of the second lateral
thoracic stripe, instead of on the entire length thereof as many—but not all—of the original material
possess ; (c) often, but not always, no prolongation of the basal blue ring on abdominal segment 4 to form
a short mid-dorsal stripe; (d) smaller size, see below. In a considerable proportion, but not in all, the upper
ends of black humeral and mid-dorsal thoracic stripes are fused, in some only on one side of the thorax.
@. The females from the same part of Guatemala also show these departures from the type, as (a) the
black humeral stripe in some entirely absent, except for an inferior mesepimeral spot, but transitions to
the type are afforded as by the presence of a black line on the humeral suture unconnected with the
mesepimeral spot, by the presence of a black line on the upper part of the suture and a black mesepimeral
line unconnected with each other, and by the existence of a narrow stripe on the whole length of the
humeral suture widening below into the inferior mesepimeral black spot; (6) as in 3 3 (¢) in some no
prolongation of the basal blue ring on 4; (¢) asin ¢.
3 9. Twenty males (Mazatenango 8, 8S. Lucia 6, Escuintla 6) and seven females cited below give the
following statistics and dimensions :—Pterostigma, front wings, surmounting more than one cell
(97°5 °/, g, 100 °/, 2) or one cell (2:5 °/, 3); of the hind wings surmounting more than one cell
(100%), ¢ 2).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (87°5 °/) do, 715 %7/o 2), 5 (25% db, 143%, 2), 3+ (5%, d,
7p 2), 44+ (7 %o @), or 3 (5%, 5); on the hind wings 4 (72° Jo db, B5°7 Yo 2), 8 (25 %Jo S;
64:3 °/o 9), or B+ (25%, ¢). Abdomen, ¢ 26:5-30, 2 26-28°5; hind wing, g 19-22, @ 21-23 mm.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Jalapa (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 18);
GuaremaLa, Mazatenango (Maxon & Hay, U.S. N.M.: 4 6,1 2)(28 6,22 +.
1 pair], Santa Lucia [24 g,1 2 +1 pair], Escuintla [10 ¢,1 2] (Williamson, Hine,
colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Wilmsn., coll. gusd.: 1 ¢ ).
NEUROPTERA. 367
At Jalapa and at San Pedro Sula the examples taken were associated with Argia
oculata.
Some Neuropterists may consider the Pacific Guatemalan specimens to be sufficiently
distinct to receive a subspecific or racial name, but I think the transitions to the typical
ulmeca, as indicated above, justify retaining all under the name here employed. I can
find no structural differences.
Argia adamsi (p. 80). (Tab. X. fig. 5.)
3. The black humeral stripe is twice as wide as the pale antehumeral, in some. The black apical dorsal spot
on abdominal segment 8 is broken into two spots in one male from Surubres,
G (hitherto unknown). Differs from the male as follows: labrum black ; superior black stripe on each side
of 2 wider, united with its fellow of the opposite side in basal and apical thirds, thereby leaving only a
small elongate blue spot on the median dorsal third; mid-dorsal blue stripe on 3-6 narrower, reaching to
two-thirds length of 3, half of 4, two-fifths of 5, one-fifth of 6; 8 and 9 each side with an inferior black
stripe as long as the segments and a superior black stripe from base to two-thirds of 8, to half of 9, the
two superiors confluent at base, and on 9 with the inferiors also at base ; 10 blue, sides inferiorly black.
é & (including the three cotypes). Pterostigma of the front wings surmounting more than one (84°6 9/, 6,
100°/, 2), or one (15°4°/, 3) cell; of the hind wings surmounting more than one (96 °/, 5, 100°/, 2),
or one (4 °/, 3), cell. .
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (92 °/, 5, 62°5 °/, 9), 34 (4275 d, 25/4 2), 3 (12°5 9/4 2), or 44
(4 °/, &): on the hind wings 3 (84°6 °9/, ¢, 100 °/, 9),38+ (77°/, 3), or 4 (77 °/, 3). °
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25-28°5, 9 24-26; hind wing, ¢ 17°5-21, 2 19-21 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Rio Jesus Maria (Biolley: 2 3,2 2),
Esparta [2 ¢ |, Surubres [7 ¢, 2 2 ] (Biolley, coll. Kahl).
Argia oculata (p. 81).
Argia oculata, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 12, 12a (apps. 3) (1902) *.
@. None of the specimens of this sex previously referred to oculata were labelled as having been taken
in coitu. The supplementary material includes nine pairs, the male in each case being undoubtedly
oculata ; the females differ considerably from each other, and consequently give rise to several questions.
The two females from Jalapa taken in coitu have the labrum pule blue or green narrowly edged with black,
partly or entirely traversed by a median black line; there is no pale mid-dorsal stripe or line on
abdominal segments 4-6, no prolongation of the transverse basal black band of 8 as stripes on the
dorsum: their size is larger than any others recorded: abdomen 32, hind wing 26-27 mm. One of
them has the blue antehumeral stripe half as wide as the black mid-dorsal, black humeral 14 times as
wide as blue antehumeral, oval spot on 2 blue, the narrow transverse basal blue ring on 3-7 interrupted
mid-dorsally and on 3 not connected with the mid-dorsal blue line, 10 black with two blue dorsal spots,
mesostigmal lamina more like fig. 24, Tab. IV., than fig. 11. ‘The other female has blue antehumeral
stripe one-third as wide as black mid-dorsal, black humeral equal in width to the blue antehumeral,
the narrow transverse basal blue rings on 3-7 not interrupted, confluent on 3 with a narrow blue mid-
dorsal stripe, 10 obscure, mesostigmal lamina as in fig. 11, Tab. IV.
Of the seven pairs from San Pedro Sula, two females have pale Jabra, the other five black. The two with
pale labra have a mid-dorsal blue stripe on 3 and 4 and a line on 5, dorsum of 10 chiefly or wholly
blue, the mesostigmal lamina like fig. 11 or intermediate between figs. 11 and 15. The other five
females with black labra have the mesostigmal lamina very like fig. 15 (difficilis), the mid-dorsal blue
stripe on 3-5, or on 3 only with or without a pale line on 4; dorsum of 10 blue, or black with two blue
spots. The dimensions of these San Pedro females fall within those given anted.
86 2
368 SUPPLEMENT.
Other females which agree fairly well with the description of oculata given on pages 73 and 81, unted, but
have 10 blue dorsally, are those from Tuxpan, San Felipe, and one from Juan Vifias.
To the general description of oculata 9 may be added that 2-5 have an inferior longitudinal pale line each
side for more than half the length of each segment.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Tuxpan [McClendon: 1 2] in Jalisco,
Jalapa (Calvert: 6 6 + 2 pairs] in Vera Cruz (coll. P. P. C.); GuatEmaza, Cacao,
Trece Aguas [Barber: 2 ¢] in Alta Vera Paz, San Felipe [Maxon & Hay: 1 2 |
in Retalhuleu (U. S. WN. M.), Gualan (Hine, 0. S. U.: 1 3) [1 ¢]; Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula [21 ¢ +7 pairs] (Williamson, coll. ejusd.); Costa Rica, San José
(Biolley: 1), Juan Vifias (Cary, U. 8S. N. M.: 2 2), Quebrada del Cangrejal
(Biolley, colls. A. N. S., Wilmsn.: 5 ¢ ).
The females with black labra and a pale mid-dorsal stripe on the third abdominal
segment only, described above, are not separable from those known as Argia difficilis
(antea, p. 84); one with black labrum and a pale mid-dorsal stripe on abdominal
segments 38-5 is not distinguishable from those described as Argia adamsi (anted,
p. 867). That such differences should exist in females taken pairing with oculata
males might be accounted for in one of the following ways: (a) that the females with
blue labra are the true oculata, those with black labra representing other species with
which oculata males have accidentally paired; (6) the reverse of (a); (c) that the
blue- and black-labral females are two colour-forms respectively of the same species;
(d) that the blue- and black-labral females are of different ages, one changing into the
other at some other stage of the ontogeny ; (e) that the two sorts of females represent
different seasonal broods.
Against (b) and (c) is the fact that males exist, different from oculata, which are
apparently the other sex of the black-labral females (vide adamsi, 1. c., difficilis, postea,
p. 369), although not, it must be confessed, from San Pedro Sula; against (¢) that all
the San Pedro Sula pairs were taken on Feb. 27 and 28, 1905; I know of no evidence
in favour of (d). Hypothesis (a) would, therefore, seem the most probable.
Argia indicatrix (p. 82).
The supplementary material, much more extensive than that from which the species was originally described,
shows some colour-variations, although it agrees in the appendages of the male, the mesostigmal lamina
of the female, the antenodal cells, and the pterostigma.
3. Abdominal segment 8 in the examples from Guatemala is blue with an inferior black stripe each side
as long as the segment, and in some with an isolated anteapical black spot each side above the stripe ;
in some from Santa Lucia these anteapical black spots are, however, confluent with the stripes, so that a
condition approaching that described for the types is reached. In all those from San Pedro Sula and
from Esparta, 8 is black with a small basal dorsal blue spot and the apical dorsal margin is narrowly
blue.
Q. Abdominal segment 8 in the examples from Santa Lucia is blue with an inferior black stripe each side
as long as the segment, and in one the basal third is also black; those from Puerto Barrios have
8 black, apical dorsal third or fourth blue.
The feraales from Esparta have 9 blue with an inferior black stripe each side as long as the segment and
NEUROPTERA. 369
a pair of dorsal black spots on the basal half, each spot confluent at base with the inferior stripe of the
same side and, in some, also with the other spot; the Santa Lucia and some of the Puerto Barrios
specimens are like these last from Esparta, while others from P. Barrios have 9 black with a pair of
anteapical blue spots.
3 2. Pterostigma surmounts one cell in 9°5 9/, ¢, 82 °/, Q of the front wings and 7 °/, 9 of the hind wings
from Esparta, 15 °/, ¢ of the front wings from Santa Lucia, two front wings 8. Felipe d, one frout
wing Gualan ¢, and less than one cell in 2°4 °/, 3, front wings, Esparta.
Antenodal cells of front wings 3+ (7 °/, g Esparta, 1 wing Gualan) or 3 (4:7 °/, 3, 17°9 °/, 2 Esparta) ;
of hind wings 2 (5 °/, ¢ 8S. Lucia) or 3+ (S. Pedro 1 ¢ both sides), In all the remaining material
here cited the stigma and antenodal cells are as described for the types. The wings of both sexes
from Esparta are but slightly yellowish, of the females from P. Barrios deeply smoky or smoky yellow,
especially the hind pair.
Dimensions (in mm.).—Abdomen, ¢: 21-23:5 Gualan, 2224-5 Santa Lucia, 24°5-26 S. Pedro Sula, 22-25
Esparta. 9: 22-23 P. Barrios, 21 Santa Lucia, 20°5-23 Esparta.
Hind wing, 3: 16-17 Gualan, 16-18 Santa Lucia, 17°5-18°5 8, Pedro Sula, 16-18 Esparta. ©: 17-5-18
P. Barrios, 16°5-17°5 Santa Lucia, 16-18-5 Esparta.
To the localities given, add :—GuatEma.a, San Felipe (Maron & Hay, U. 8S. N. M.:
1 ¢), Santa Lucia [8 ¢ +1 or 2? pairs], Escuintla [1 ¢], Gualan [4 ¢ ], Puerto
Barrios [5 9]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula [3 ¢ | (Williamsons, Deam, Hine, colls.
Wilimsn., O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Esparta (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 21 3,14 @).
Mr. Williamson noted of this species at San Pedro Sula, “In gulch, rare,” and
Prof. Biolley at Esparta, “‘ Bord fangeux du ruisseau Chingo.”
Argia difficilis (p. 84). (Tab. VIIL. figg. 42, 428; Tab. X. figg. 4, 4s.)
¢ (hitherto undescribed). Differs from the females described anted, p. 84, as follows :—Clypeus, labrum, and
a transverse inferior stripe on the frons blue or obscure violaceous. Pale (blue or violet) antehumeral
stripe one-third to one-half as wide as the black mid-dorsal thoracic, the black humeral a little wider
than the pale antehumeral, the blue or violet transverse basal ring on abdominal segments 3-5 prolonged
on the mid-dorsum as a posteriorly-pointed stripe, for one-third to two-thirds of the length of 3, tor
one-fourth to one-sixth of 4, for one-sixth or less or not at all on 5; 8-9 blue or violet with an
inferior black stripe each side as long as each segment.
¢. All the females of the supplementary material have a yellow inferior transverse line or narrow stripe
(medially interrupted in some) on the frons, which is found only in the Venezuelan example among the
material described anted, p. 84.
The following females appear to display ontogenetic changes resulting in the acquisition of a black labrum, &c.
A teneral female from Esparta has the labrum pale blue, its margins narrowly black, nasus pale blue
with two short black streaks, abdominal segments 3-5 with only a fine pale mid-dorsal line (not a stripe).
An older female from Q. del Cangrejal has the labrum black with a pair of yellow spots, nasus yellow
with its margins narrowly black and a pair of black spots, 3-7 with no pale mid-dorsal stripe or line.
A female from Esparta and one from R, Jesus Maria have labrum black with two pale spots, nasus black
with a median V-shaped spot and a dot each side yellow.
The pale antehumeral stripe in some is two-fifths as wide as the black mid-dorsal (Esparta). Two examples
from Q. del Cangrejal have 8 black with a small anteapical blue spot each side.
6 Q. (15 dg, 15 @, including the 7 2 of p. 84, tabulated for stigma and antenodal cells.)
Pterostigma of the front wings °76--94 3, -9-1:09 2 mm. long, surmounting one (60 °/, d, 434 °/, 9), more
than one (30 9/, ¢, 46% °/, 2), or less than one (10 9/5 5 2) cell; of the hind wings 84 98 g,°9-
1-2 9 mm. long, surmounting one (534 °/, ¢, 334 °/> 2), or more than one (462 °/, 3, 662 ol, Q ) cell.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 4 (100 °/, ¢, 934 ol, 2) or 3 (62 °/, 2); on the hind wings 3 (862 °/, 3,
931 9/, 2), 4 (10 Jo bd, 63 %o 2), or 2+ (35 a), 3).
Dimensions. —Abdomen, Jd 27-31, 9 26-29'5; hind wing, ¢ 18°5--22, 9 21-23 1 mm.
370 SUPPLEMENT.
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.:
6 ¢), Ruatan I. (Gawmer: 1 9); Costa Rica, Esparta [21 ¢, 5 ¢], Surubres
[2 ¢,1 2] (Biolley, coll. Kahl), Rio Jesus Maria (Biolley: 2 3,2 ¢), Juan Vifias
(Bruner, U. S. N. M.: 1 2), Quebrada del Cangrejal (Biolley, colls. A. N. 8S. &
Wiimsn.: 12 ¢, 7 ¢).—Cotomsia, Bonda in Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, Carn.
Mus. Pittsb.: 1 9); Ecuapor, Bucay, not Duran (Campos R., A. N.S.: 1 3).
This species is closely related to A. oculata, and we have called attention, anted,
p. 368, to the pairing of A. diffictlis females with A. oculata males. That this is
possible is, perhaps, due to almost complete identity in shape of the abdominal
appendages of the males of the two species. A. difficilis males differ from A. oculata
males in the duller blue of the pale areas of the body (cf the “bleu vif” of the
original description of the abdomen of ocwlata) and the less extent of the mid-dorsal
stripes on abdominal segments 3-6. A. difficilis females differ from A. oculata
females in the shape of the mesostigmal lamina, in the black labrum and nasus of the
adult, and in the absence even in teneral individuals of a pale mid-dorsal stripe on
segments 4 and 5. From the data given above, it would appear that, ontogenetically,
difficilis females pass through a stage with pale labrum and clypeus which is
permanent in oculata females.
16 (a). Argia underwoodi, sp.n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 36, 37, 37 s.)
¢. Rear of head black, a pale line along the eye-margins inferiorly. Labrum dark violaceous. Pale ante-
humeral stripe one-third as wide as the black mid-dorsal stripe, which latter has a dull dark metallic-
green reflection. Black humeral stripe (in some at least with a dull dark metallic-green reflection) one
to one and one half times as wide as the pale antehumeral, enclosing a pale spot at its upper end.
A black stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture a little narrower than the humeral stripe. Pale
colours of the thorax violet-blue. Abdominal segments 2 and 3 violet-blue, each with a black stripe
each side as long as the segments, each black stripe on 2 giving off an anteapical projection on to the
dorsum toward its fellow of the opposite side, black stripes of 3 uniting on dorsum for the apical fourth
of the segment; 4-7 black, with a transverse basal pale ring, interrupted dorsally ; 8-9 blue, with an
inferior longitudinal black stripe each side as long as the segments; 10 black. The black of the anterior
abdominal segments may have some metallic-green reflection.
Q. Differs from the male as follows :—Rear of head black with a transverse pale stripe at mid-height,
widest at eye-margins. Pale antehumeral stripe subequal in width to the black mid-dorsal. Black
humeral stripe one-half as wide as the pale antehumeral. Pale colours of thorax reddish violet, the
black stripes with no metallic reflection.
¢ 2. Pterostigma of front wings *8 (d), *9 (Q) mm. long, surmounting one cell (55°6 °/, 3,50 °/. 2),
more than one cell (38°6 9/, 3, 50 °/, 2), or less than one cell (5°6 °/, 5); of the hind wings 1 mm.
long, surmounting more than one cell (83°3 °/, §, 100°/, 2) or one cell (16°7 °/, 3).
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (94°5 °/, g, 100 °/, 2) or 4 (55 °/, 3); on the hind wings 3
- (100 %/, 5 2). .
Di nensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 28°5-32, 9 27:5; hind wing, ¢ 21°5-28, 2 24 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (C. F. Underwood: 9 3,1 2).
16(s). Argia johannella, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 12, 12s, 19.)
g. Rear of the head black, with a pale stripe along each eye-margin, wider superiorly. Pale (blue or
violet) antehumeral stripe three-fi'ths to four-fifths as wide as the black mid-dursal thoracic stripe.
NEUROPTERA. 371
Black humeral stripe two-thirds as wide as or subequal in width to the pale antehumeral, forked above,
where the humeral part is a mere line and the mesepimeral part does not quite reach to the front
wing-base, An elongated black spot at the upper end only of the second lateral thoracic suture.
Abdominal segment 2 blue or violet, each side with a superior black stripe as long as the segment
converging posteriorly and uniting at the hind end; 3-7 black, with a pale, narrow, basal, transverse
ring which is prolonged, as a mid-dorsal stripe on 3 or line on 4—6, to four-fifths of the length of each
segment; inferior lateral margins of 3-7 pale, especially in the middle of each segment; 8-10 pale blue,
without dark markings or, more often, with an inferior longitudinal black stripe for the apical third or
half of 8 and the whole length of 9, and the ventral surface of 10 black.
. Coloured as the g,, but no black on segment 10.
3 @ (15 of each sex tabulated). Pterostigma of the front wings 68-8 3, °72 9 mm. long, surmounting one
(66-7 °/o $ 2), less than one (33°3 °/, 3, 23°3 °/, 2), or more than one (10 °%/, 2) cell; of the hind
wings *76—"88 ¢, °8—84 2 mm. long, surmounting one (63:3 °lo 3,733 %/o 9), less than one (36-7 °/, 3,
16-7 °/, 2), or more than one (10 °/, 2) cell.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 3 (100 °/, ¢ 9), on the hind wings 3 (100 lo 3, 967 Jo QP) or 2+
(33%) 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, $ 24-27, 9 24:5-27; hind wing, ¢ 17°5-19-5, 2 185-20 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Juan Vifias (L. Bruner & M. Cary, U. 8. N. M.: 37 3, 23 9 ).
The specific name proposed may serve to commemorate the type locality.
See the remark on the female of this species under A. frequentula, p. 366, anted.
16 (c). Argia talamanea, sp. n. (Tab. VIII. figg. 34, 34s.)
3. Rear of the head pale, blackish around the occipital foramen. Black mid-dorsal line no wider than the
carina on which it lies, pale antehumeral stripe consequently very wide. Black humeral stripe about
one-fifth as wide as the pale antehumeral, not forked above, a black stripe on the second lateral thoracic
suture slightly wider than the humeral stripe. Segments 2 and 3 violaceous, a black stripe each side
for three-fourths length of 2, entire length of 3, on which latter the stripes of the two sides unite at
apex; 4-7 black with a narrow, transverse, basal, pale ring, interrupted dorsally ; 8-10 blue, with an
inferior longitudinal black stripe each side. . .
Pterostigma *8--9 mm. long, surmounting one cell or a little less; antenodal cells on all the wings 3.
Posteubitals 14 (front), 12 (hind).
Dimensions.—Abdomen 28°5, hind wing 20°5 mm,
Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 1 3).
The name proposed for this species is that of a tribe of Eastern Costa Rica.
Argia cuprea (p. 84).
Argia cuprea, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix, t. 1. figg. 8, 8a (apps. 3) (1902) *.
To the localities given, add:—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll.
ejusd.: 1 2).
Argia cupraurea (p. 85).
3. A comparison of the better-preserved females from Surubres with those of the original description shows
an omission and an error in the previous account :—(1) In a young female (San Esteban) abdominal
segment 2 has an elliptical mid-dorsal spot followed by an ante-apical dot, 3-5 a mid-dorsal stripe,
6-8 a mid-dorsal line, pale blue, for the greater part of the length of their respective segments; in the
older females (Surubres) these mid-dorsal markings are narrowed to lines. (2) The mesepisternal
tubercles are present.
372 SUPPLEMENT.
From these two corrections it follows that cuprawrea females are like cuprea females, and I am not able to
find any character to separate them.
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Surubres (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 173,62).
Prof. Biolley noted of this species and of A. e@nea at the same locality, ‘‘ yeux
rouges.”
Argia @nea (p. 85).
Q. The dark humeral stripe varies as follows :—29 Guatemalan examples and those from Chavarillo cited on
p. 86, anted, have the humeral stripe proper represented only by a black line on the upper part of the
humeral suture unconnected with the black mesepimeral stripe, which latter reaches upward not quite to
the superior mesopleural margin nor fuses with a short black line which lies on the site of the upper
end of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture. In the Chavarillo females the black mesepimeral stripe
is narrower (‘3 mm. in width) than in most of the Guatemalan specimens (‘5-6 mm.).
A fusion of the black mesepimeral stripe with this short black line may almost (Gualan, 1 9) or actually
(Mazatenango, 1 2 in cop.), exist without a fusion between the mesepimeral stripe and the humeral line,
or the black mesepimeral may be united with both the humeral line and the black line of the obsolete
first lateral suture (Gualan 2 9, Lower California 3 9, and Tierra Colorada 1 9, cited anted, page 86).
This last condition is that which was described on p. 86 as ‘ humeral stripe deeply forked for its upper
two-thirds,” &c.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Victoria (Rhoads, A. N. S.: 36) in
Tamaulipas, Guadalajara (McClendon, U. S. N. M.: 1 3); Guaremata, Gualan
[47 ¢,11 9 +8 pairs], Zacapa [2 3, 4 2], between Gualan and El Rancho [1 ¢,
2 2], between El Rancho and Sanarate [6 g,2 2], Sanarate [3 g, 6 @ ], between
Agua Caliente and Guatemala City [1 ¢], Escuintla [3 ¢, 2 2 +1 pair], Santa
Lucia [1 ¢ |, Mazatenango [5 ¢,1 9 +1 pair]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula [1 ¢ ]
(Williamsons, Deams, Miller, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Nicaragua, Chinandega
(Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3); Costa Rica, Esparta [17 ¢, 9 2 ], Surubres [4 ¢,1 2]
(Biolley, coll. Kahl).
Mr. Williamson made the following notes on this species :—“ Gualan, Jan. 13, 1905.
About ripples, usually on rocks, rarely high above water excepting towards evening,
when it may be found on bare twigs among underbrush near the river. At Gualan
this species occurs rarely along the largest and smallest streams, frequenting the
medium-sized.”—‘ Gualan, Jan. 22. In evening toward sundown leaves stream and
goes back into vegetation. Found then on twigs and bare stems usually dead.”—
‘San Pedro Sula, Feb. 28,1905. At mouth of gulch. Only one seen in Honduras.”
Prof. Biolley’s specimens are noted as from “ Bord de la riviére Surubres” and
““ Ksparta, bord fangeux du ruisseau Chingo,”
Argia harknessi (p. 87).
Q. The superior black stripe on segment 9 is two-thirds as long as that segment in the only (type) example
known.
NEUROPTERA. 373
21 (a). Argia pipila, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 16, 16s, 18.)
3d. Rear of the head black, a yellow stripe alongside the eye-margins. Frons, clypeus, and labrum pale
blue. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe equal in width to the black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe (wider in
teneral examples). Black humeral stripe narrower in its upper than in its lower half, which latter is
one-third as wide as the pale antehumeral. A short black line at the upper end only of the second
lateral thoracic suture. Abdominal segment 2 dark blue, a superior and an inferior black stripe each
side, the former as long as the segment and widened mesad shortly before the hind end; 3-7 black,
with a narrow transverse basal blue ring which is prolonged backward as a mid-dorsal stripe, tapering
posteriorly, on 3-6, reaching to three-fourths to four-fifths of the length of 3, two-thirds to three-fourths
of 4, one-half to three-fifths of 5, one-third to one-half of 6; 8-10 blue, with an inferior black stripe
each side for the whole length of 9 and 10 and for the posterior three-fourths of 8, 10 also with a narrow,
transverse, basal black ring confluent with the inferior black stripe of each side.
. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale colours replaced by a paler violaceous. Rear of the head pale,
with some black markings around the occipital foramen. Pale autehumeral stripe in some wider
than the black mid-dorsal. Blackish humeral stripe often separated into an upper humeral line and
a lower mesepimeral stripe, or even line, that reaches only half-way up to the front wing-base. Pale
mid-dorsal stripe on segments 5 and 6 longer, reaching to three-fourths’ length on each; 7 coloured like
6 in some; 8 and 9 pale bluish, each side with a superior and an inferior dark stripe, the superior
reaching the whole length or to three-fourths’ (on 8) or two-thirds’ (on 9) way from base to apex,
the inferior occupying the whole length of both 8 and 9 or the middle two-fourths on 8, the anterior
two-thirds on 9, or absent on 8 or on 9 but not on both; 10 entirely pale blue, or as in the male.
No mesepisternal tubercles. Sides of the abdominal segments pale inferiorly in both sexes, but more
widely so in the female. . .
3 9 (15 g, 15 @ tabulated). Pterostigma of the front wings ¢ ‘83-94, 9 :9-1:09 mm. long, surmounting
one (462 °/, 5, 662 °/, 9), more than one (40 °/, 3, 20 °/, 2), or less than one (134 °/, ¢ @) cell; of
the hind wings ¢ ‘9--98, 2 -9-1:02 mm. long, surmounting more than one (734 °/, 3, 70 °/, @), one
(262 °/, 3 9), or less than one (34 °/, 9) cell.
Antenodal cells on the front wings 5 (934 °/, db, 90 /o 2), 4 (84 Jo d, 6% %/o 2), 44+ (84%, 2), or 5+
(34 °/, 3); on the hind wings 4 (934 °/, 3, 962 °/o 2), 4+ (34 %/o 5 Q), or 5 (34. 9/, S).
Dimensions —Abdomen, $ 28°5-32°5, 2 26-30°5; hind wing, ¢ 19°5-23, 9 20-23°5 mm.
Hab. Guatemata, Gualan [24 3,8 2 +1 pair], between Gualan and El Rancho
[3 ¢], El Rancho [1 ¢ ], between Agua Caliente and Guatemala City [3 g ], Amatitlan
(1 ¢], Escuintla [26 ¢, 10 2 ], Santa Maria [1 ¢ ], Santa Lucia [10 ¢ + 1 pair,
Mazatenango [16 3,1 2 ] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.).
The specific name proposed is that of a Guatemalan tribe of this region.
24 (a). Argia tonto (p. 89, footnote).
The Cuernavaca male differs from the type-material in having the mid-dorsal thoracic black a stripe ‘7 mm.
wide, instead of merely a line on the carina; apical black on abdominal segment 6 prolonged forward on
each side inferiorly as a line, almost to base; pale basal ring on 7 prolonged backward as a wide
mid-dorsal stripe to four-fifths of the length of the segment; pterostigma surmounting only one cell on
the left front wing.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Cuernavaca (Tower, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3).
It is remarkable that the first Mexican specimen of this species should be obtained
at such a distance from the type-locality. The collector gives the elevation at which
it was taken as 8000 feet.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., July 1907. 8C
374 SUPPLEMENT.
Argia fissa (p. 89).
Argia fissa, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. 4, t. 2. figg. 138, 13 a (apps. ¢) (1902) °
3. Two examples from San José and one from Mazatenango have the black at the apex of abdominal
segment 6 prolonged forward each side as an inferior line almost to base. The majority of specimens
from Guatemala and Costa Rica have the black at apex of 6 and, in some, also of other segments,
meeting the black of the opposite side on the mid-dorsum, Smaller individuals than any yet recorded
are at hand from Santa Lucia, where the range of size is: abdomen 26-30, hind wing 20-22 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Juanacatlan (McClendon, U.S. N. M.: 138).
in Jalisco, Lumija (coll. Westcott: 1 3) in Chiapas; Guatemaa, Sepacuite [1 ¢ ],
San Felipe [2 6, 2 2 | (Maxon & Hay, U. S. N. M.), Cacao and Trece Aguas (Barber,
UO.S.N. Mi: 13 + 1 pair), Mazatenango [14 g + 2 pairs], Santa Lucia [10 ¢, 192],
Escuintla [9 ¢,2 2 |, Amatitlan [7 ¢ +1 pair] (Williamsons, Hine, colls. Wilmsn.,
O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe and El Alto (Biolley,
coll. Kahl: 1 3,1 2), San José [4 3], Tablazo [1 3 | (Biolley).
Argia tarascana (p. 90).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Oaxaca (col/. Deam: 23).
Argia variabilis (p. 91). (Tab. X. fig. 21.)
Argia variabilis, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. 4, t. 1. figg. 1, 1 @ (apps. 3) (1902) ’.
The presence of specimens of this species among the supplementary material has led me to re-examine all
those listed anted, pp. 91, 92. As a result I am unable to separate males with the variabilis form of
appendages from those of the medullaris form, in spite of the differences shown by such extremes as are
represented in figs. 53 and 54, Tab. IV., nor can I find other differentials. Among the females, how-
ever, there are two forms of mesostigmal lamina, as may be seen by comparing Tab. IV. fig. 6 with
Tab. X. fig. 21, but apparently unaccompanied by any other constant features of form, size, or colour.
Provisionally, the form of lamina shown in Tab. X. fig. 21 may be regarded as variabilis, the other as
medullaris, as was done in the explanation to Tab. LV.
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Juan Vitias (Cary, U. S. N. M.: 2 2).
Only one of the Cafias Gordas females (¢f. p. 91) is to be referred here.
28 (a). Argia medullaris (p. 92).
Argia medullaris, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 2, 2.@ (apps. ¢) (1902).
The two Zapote females cited on page 92 and one Cafias Gordas female cited on
page 91 are to be referred here.
Additional males which, as explained above under variabilis, can be equally well
referred to vartabilis or to medullaris are: GuaTEMALA, Sepacuite (Griggs, U.S. N. M.:
1g); Costa Rica, Carrillo (Underwood: 2 3).
The dimensions of these three males are: abdomen 27-29, hind wing 21-23°5 mm.,
the examples from Carrillo furnishing the extremes for both parts.
NEUROPTERA. 379d
Argia extranea, (p. 92).
Argia extranea, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. 4, t. 1. figg. 6, 6a (apps. 6) (1902) *.
The description, anted, p. 92, does not mention that (1) in both sexes the black at the apex of segments 3-6
is frequently prolonged forward as a lateral line below the black postbasal streak, with which it may or
may not unite; the presence or absence of this line is independent of the fusion or separateness of post-
basal streak and apical black; (2) in the females the black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe is frequently
narrowed at its lower end.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Xico (Calvert, coll. P. P.C.: 2) and
Cordova (Schaus, U. 8S. N. M.: 1 3,1 2) in Vera Cruz, Oaxaca (coll. Deam: 1 3);
GuaTEMALa, Cacao [ Barber: 1 s | and Sepacuite [Maxon §& Hay: 1 3] in Alta Vera
Paz, San Felipe [ibid.: 4 ¢,2 2] (U.S. WN. M.), Mazatenango [7 ¢], Santa Lucia
[9 ¢, 2 2+2 pairs], Escuintla [18 ¢, 5 9+ 1 pair], Agua Caliente [1 ¢, 10 2],
between El Rancho and Sanarate [1 ¢ ], Gualan [3 ¢ ]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula
[42 ¢, 4 9+1 pair] (Wiiliamsons, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Costa Rica,
Carrillo (Underwood: 1 3, 1 2), Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe and
El Alto (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 16 ¢, 22 2), San José (Tristan: 36,22) [14 6,
9 2], Tablazo [6 3, 8 2] (Biolley), Juan Vifias (Bruner, Cary, U.S. N. Mu: 14 3,
6 2 ), Quebrada del Cangrejal [Biolley: 2 3 |, Santa Maria de Dota [ Tristan: 26,42]
(colls. A. NV. S., Wilmsn.), Pacayas (Werckele, A. M. N. H.: 1 3).
All the females here cited have the mesostigmal lamina of the form represented in
Tab. IV. fig. 4.
Argia vivida (p. 94).
Argia vivida, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 5, 5a (apps. g) (1902) *.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Bafios San Lazaro y La Asuncion, near
Saltillo (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 5 3, 2 9) in Coahuila.
Argia funebris (p. 97).
Argia funebris, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 1. figg. 4, 4a (apps. g) (1902) *.
Argia immunda (p. 97).
Argia immunda, Hagen, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xxxix. t. 2. figg. 2, 2a (apps. g) (1902) *.
Argia pocomana, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 15, 15s, 24.)
3g. Rear of the head pale, some black marks around the occipital foramen. Frons, clypeus, and labrum
pale blue. Pale (violet) antehumeral stripe at mid-height subequal in width to the black mid-dorsal
thoracic stripe. Black humeral stripe at mid-height about one-third as wide as the pale antehumeral,
widening below, not forked superiorly. A black stripe on the whole length of the second lateral thoracic
suture. Abdominal segment 2 violet-blue, each side with a wide black longitudinal stripe, having some
metallic-green reflection, reaching the entire length of the segment ; 3-7 violet-blue, apical sixth black,
which is prolonged on each side inferiorly almost to base ; 8-10 blue, each side inferiorly with a black
stripe for the entire length of each segment.
8¢2
°
376 SUPPLEMENT.
2. Differs from the male as follows :—Pale antehumeral stripe at mid-height about three-fourths as wide as
black mid-dorsal, black stripes on segment 2 meeting on the mid-dorsum in the apical third of the segment ;
~~ 3-7 black with a narrow transverse basal violet-blue ring, which on 3-5 is prolonged backward as a mid-
dorsal stripe reaching to three-fourths of the length of 8 and 4 and to two-thirds of 5; 3-6 also with a
pale inferior longitudinal streak on the middle third of each segment and connected with the transverse
basal ring on 3; 8-10 as in the male, but with the addition on 9 of a pair of basal dorsal black spots one-
fifth as long as the segment, each narrowly confluent at extreme base with the inferior black stripe of the
same side.
3 2. Pterostigma of the front wings -83-1-01 mm. long, surmounting more than one (33°3 °/, 3, 50 °/, 9),
one (33:3 °/, 3, 50 °/, 2), or less than one (33'3 °/, 3) cell; of the hind wings -94-1:01 mm. long,
surmounting more than one (833 °/, ¢, 25 °/, 2), one (75 °/, 2), or less than one (162 °/, 3) cell.
Antenodal cells 3 on all wings (¢ 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, $ 26-28-5, 2 23-24; hind wing, g¢ 19-20, 9 195-20 mm.
Hab. GuatEMALAa, Mazatenango (Wllmsn., coll. ejusd.: 2 pairs; Maxon & Hay,
U.S. N.M.:1 3).
The specific name proposed is that of a Guatemalan tribe.
Argia violacea pallens (p. 98).
The inferior appendages of the Guatemalan male are not typical, being more like those shown in fig. 54,
Tab. IV., but the specimen surely belongs here.
To the localities given, add :—Guarema.a, between Fl Rancho and Sanarate [1 pair |,
Sanarate [1 2 | (Wllmsn., coll. ejusd.) (Hine, coll. 0. S. U.: 1 2).
ARGIALLAGMA * (to follow the genus Argia, p. 100).
Argiallagma, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. pp. 498, 500 (1876).
This genus apparently belongs to the same division of the legion Agrion as do
Hyponeura and Argia, since the biserial hairs on the legs are nearly, or quite, twice as
long as the intervals separating them. It differs from those genera, however, in the
smaller number of those hairs (5-7 on the third tibiz), in the reduced number of
postcubitals, with the result that the nodal sector arises at the fifth on the front wings,
at the fourth on the hind (the origin of this sector is at one or more postcubitals
farther distad in Hyponeura and Argia), and in the presence of an apical ventral spine
on the eighth abdominal segment of the female.
The arculus is a little more remote than the second antecubital.
There is but one known species :—
1. Argiallagma minutum. (Tab. X. fig. 35.)
Trichocnemis minuta, Selys, in Sagra’s Hist. Cuba, Ins. p- 464 (1857)'; Hagen, Syn. Neur.
N. Amer. p. 72 (1861) ?.
‘Enallagma minutum, Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 145 (1890) *.
* This generic name has been omitted from the various Nomenclators and Catalogues,
NEUROPTERA. 377
Agrion aduncum, Hagen, Syn. Neur, N. Amer. p. 79 (1861) *.
Leptobasis adunca, Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 291 (1867) °.
Enallagma (?) aduncum, Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 499 (1876) °.
The pterostigma has a tendency to have the proximal side more oblique than the distal, so that the costal side
tends to be a little shorter than the posterior; 9-10 postcubitals on the front wings, 8 on the hind, in
this material.
3. The Los Amates specimen has a metallic reflection (dark green or dark red in different illuminations, as
in some aniline colours) to the wide mid-dorsal thoracic band and to a mesepimeral stripe which borders
the black-lined humeral suture for the lower three-fourths of its length. The presence of this
mesepimeral marking I interpret as an indication of greater maturity.
Tn both examples, segments 8-10 are pale (blue in that from Los Amates), 8 having a mid-dorsal black band
longly pointed anteriorly, reaching forward from apex almost to base. Segment 9 is unspotted in the
Cuban male, but in the other has a mid-dorsal black spot from base to one-half of the segment’s length.
Q. Apical ventral spine on 8 distinct in the present example.
Dimensions of the present material— Abdomen, ¢ 23-23°5, 9 22:5; hind wing, ¢ 13°5-14, 9 15:5 mm.
Hab. GuateMata, Los Amates (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3).—West INDIEs,
Calisco! in Cuba ‘45 (Poey, coll. P. P. C. ex coll. Hagen: 1 3,1 2).
Mr. Williamson noted of the Los Amates male, Jan. 16, 1905, “In bog with
Ischnura [=Ceratura capreola|. Very rare.”
HESPERAGRION (p. 103).
Hesperagrion heterodoxum (p. 103). |
Hesperagrion heterodoxum, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 54. fig. 5 (venation) (1903) ° ;
xxvii. p. 717, text-figg. 9 (nymphal labium), 10 (nymphal gill) (1904) °.
The supplementary material furnishes additional evidence in support of the theory of great ontogenetic
colour-changes in this species, adopted anted, pp. 103-4.
San Luis Potosi yields the following, all taken August 5, 1903:—4 ¢ stage d (see page 103),1 9 f,1 2
between f and g, 1 Q t,and three pairs in covtu of S dand 2%. From Uruapan, on July 11, 1900,
come 2d a,1 6 d,2 2 f,2 2 f showing slight changes toward g, and one pair in coitu of g d and 2
between g and i. Some of these demand further mention.
do. (a) Dorsum of abdominal segment 7 dark metallic-green in both examples from Uruapan. A male from
Oaxaca, June 26, 1900, is transitional between a and 0, for while the black markings of } are present,
the humeral line is very fine and the thorax still has more of a reddish, than a blue or green, tint ;
abdominal segment 7 is pale except for an apical spot and a median longitudinal line on the dorsum.
(d) All the above-mentioned males of this stage have the dorsum of segment 7 metallic-black.
Q@. Between (f) and (g). These are beginning the change, as shown by the redder areas on the rear of the
head, where the postocular spots are later, and the presence of two pale green spots on each mesepi-
sternum at the sites of the upper and lower ends respectively of the future pale antehumeral stripe ;
otherwise the colours are merely a little darker shade than as described for f (San Luis Potosi). In two
Uruapan individuals of this transition, which are slightly younger, the pale green antehumeral stripes are
appearing as continuous unbroken stripes.
Between (g) and (i). Has the general colouring of i except that the red postocular spots are present, although
somewhat reduced in size, and that there is a median longitudinal reddish stripe in the midst of the
dorsal black of abdominal segments 2-5. This female and those above listed of stage (7) have segment 7
pale blue except for black in the apical fourth. One of the Jatter females has the upper pale ante-
humeral spot on each side very small.
378 SUPPLEMENT.
To the material cited add:—Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Hoag, coll. P. P.C.: 46,
3 9458 pairs), Uruapan [3 g, 4 9 + 1 pair], Oaxaca [1 ¢ | (coll. Deam).
The material previously enumerated for this species, anted, page 104, included only
one pair (34, oh Cuernavaca, October).
ANISAGRION (p. 104).
The examination of perfect individuals of both sexes of A. truncatipenne furnishes
the following additions to the Synopsis of Species, anted, p. 105 :—
In rubric BB, substitute “Tenth abdominal segment and inferior appendages as
above for allopterum,” for ‘“* (Apex of abdomen lost.).”
The characters assigned to females of allopterum will also apply to that sex of
truncatipenne ; the differences between these females are very slight :—
Size larger (abdomen 24-29, hind wing 17:5-20, costal edge of stigma of hind
wing *49-"64 mm.), 5 or more cells between stigma and wing-tip, costa and
median vein . 2. 6. ew ew ee ee ee ee ee ew ew.) albopterum.
Size smaller (abdomen 23-25°'5, hind wing 15°5-17°5, costal edge of stigma of
hind wing *45—49 mm.), 3 or 4 cells between stigma and wing-tip, costa and
median veln . . / 1 ee we ee ee ee ee ee ew ee Eruncatipenne.
Anisagrion allopterum (p. 105).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Camino de La Palma between Guadalupe
and El Alto (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 2 3), San José (Biolley, Tristan: 8 3, 10 2),
Juan Vitias (Bruner, U. S. N. M.: 1 3). |
Var. ? rubscundum (p. 105).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, San José (Biolley: 2 3,3 2).
Although I have not yet seen a series of specimens displaying a gradual change in
colours from rubicundum to allopterum, all specimens of the former are evidently
young, of the latter old; the differences represented by these two names are, in all
probability, merely due to age, especially as a similar series of changes occurs in the
following species.
Anisagrion truncatipenne (p. 106). (Tab. X. fig. 46.)
3 (previous description incomplete). In the youngest examples at hand (a), dorsum of abdominal segments
7-10 dark brown, remainder of body mostly pale brown or reddish. Later (4), 4-10 are dark brown,
with a narrow, transverse, mid-dorsally-interrupted, basal yellow ring on 4—7, pale brown being still the
prevailing colour on the remainder of the body. (c) A deeper brown next develops on the upper surface
of. the head, mid-dorsal thoracic region, and on abdominal segments 1-3. In a still later stage (d), the
head is blackish superiorly, labrum and postocular spots pale blue, the latter bounded posteriorly by
black; under surface of head, thorax, and abdomen pale yellow; a black mid-dorsal thoracic stripe,
each half of which is slightly more than half as wide as the mesepisternum on which it lies, a pale blue
antehumeral stripe occupying the remainder of each mesepisternum ; mesepimera and metepisterna pale
brown, a small black spot lying on the lower end of the mesepimeron and adjacent portion of mesinfra-
NEUROPTERA. 379
episternum ; dorsum of 1-10 black, a narrow transverse apical blue ring on 1, a narrow transverse
mid-dorsally-interrupted basal blue ring on 3-7, dorsum of 8 pruinose ; femora and proximal part of
tibize black superiorly, pale yellow inferiorly, except near the knee-joint, where black is also present.
In the oldest individuals present (¢), pruinosity has also appeared on the dorsum of 9 and 10, the pale brown
of the mesepimeron has become a black stripe, which develops upward from the inferior spot of the
preceding stage to the front wing-base, and there is a short black mark on the upper end of the humeral
and of the second lateral thoracic sutures; the pale colours of the ventral surfaces of the body are green
rather than yellow. a
Abdominal segment 10 with a superior apical process, directed upward and backward, its apex bifid.
Appendages similar to those of A. allopterum, but the “ sockets” of the superiors (cf. anted, p. 105) larger
and the acute, downwardly-directed apex placed on the ventral side of each socke 7
The “long” cell below the stigma of the hind wings is divided into a number of cells in about one-third of
the wings examined.
Q (hitherto undescribed). Youngest stage: generally pale brown, abdominal segments reddish, apices of 5-7
obscure, articulations of 2-7 with a transverse black ring; a narrow transverse basal yellow ring soon
appears on 3—7. A darkening of almost the whole dorsum of 6-8 is the next change. A gap occurs in
the material at hand as far as the next stages are concerned, but as females are present whose colouring is
almoat identical with that of males of stages d and e described above, presumably the females pass
through similar changes; the dorsum of 8-10, however, is never so pruinose as in the males.: One
female has a blackish stripe on the upper half of the metepisternum.
Abdominal appendages shorter than 10, reaching slightly farther backward than do the tips of the palps of
the genital valves. There is no long cell below the stigma of the hind wings. Pterostigmata and venation
similar to those of A. allopterum 2, the stigmata smaller.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 25°5-27°5, Q 23-25°5 ; hind wing, ¢ 15:5-16°5, 9 15°5-17°5 mm.
To the localities given, add :—GuATEMALA, Mazatenango [1 ¢ ], Santa Lucia [35 3
21 9] (Wilmsn., coll. gusd.) (Hine, coll. 0. S. U.: 8 3,4 2).
?
Mr. Williamson’s note on this species is as follows: “Santa Lucia, Feb. 1, 1905.
g. In shade, most active toward evening.”
Anisagrion lais (p. 106).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guanajuato (A. Dugés, U. S. N. M.: 1 3),
Xico (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2) in Vera Cruz.
ENALLAGMA (p. 107).
§ II. of the Key, anted, p. 108, is to be modified as follows to receive an additional species :—
§ II. Nodal sector arising most frequently nearest the fourth posteubital on
the front wings, nearest the third on the hind.
[Rear of head pale, pale postocular spots narrowly cuneiform, almost linear,
connected with each other, a median pale spot on the middle prothoracic
| lobe, mid-dorsal thoracic carina pale, black humeral stripe double, being
divided lengthwise, no black line on second lateral thoracic suture ;
dorsum of abd. seg. 2 of ¢ black for its entire length, dorsum of 9 of ?
mostly blue with a pair of small basal black spots; postcubitals 6-8 (7)
front, 5-6 (6) hind wings; ¢ apps. characteristic, see Tab. V. fig. 16 ;
vulvar spine present. © 2 1. 6 ee ee eee wee tw. 8. basidens.]
380 SUPPLEMENT.
Rear of head black, pale postocular spots wider, not connected, no pale median
spot on mid prothoracic lobe, mid-dorsal thoracic carina black, black
humeral stripe single, undivided, a black line on second lateral thoracic
suture ; dorsum of abd. seg. 2 of 3 blue with a horseshoe-shaped black
spot, dorsum of 9 of 2 mostly black, blue each side at apex; post-
cubitals 8-10 (9) front, 6-8 (7) hind wings; ¢ apps. characteristic, see
Tab. X. figg. 36,37; no vulvar spine . . 6 6 ee ee ee ee D cultellatum.
Enallagma civile (p. 110).
Enallagma civile, Needham & Cockerell, Psyche, x. p. 187 (nymph) (1908) °.
The great majority of these supplementary Mexican specimens also have the venation pale-coloured (cf. anted,
p- 110) in all stages from teneral to pruinose; occasionally, however, the venation is brown (Nogales
5 6,8. Pedrol 3, Saltillo 2 ¢, Aguascalientes 1 ¢, S. Luis Potosi 5 2, Escuinapa 1 ¢) or even black
(S. Pedro 1 3, Saltillo 1 ¢$), as in all the Guatemalan examples.
A male from §. Pedro is almost as small (abd. 22, hind wing 155 mm.) as de Selys’s “variety or race”
pleberum ; the range in size of this sex from Saltillo is abd. 23-28°5, h. w. 165-20 mm., and from
Altamira, abd. 22-28°5, h. w. 16-20 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Muexico, Nogales [4 ¢ + 2 pairs] in Sonora, Guzman
[14 3,3 °9-+2 pairs] in Chihuahua, San Pedro [11 ¢,1 2 +2 pairs] and Saltillo
[6 ¢,3 2] in Coahuila, Aguascalientes City [1 ¢ ] (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.), Altamira
[83,42 ]in Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi [1 4, 62 } (Hoag, coll. P. P. C., A. N. S.),
Escuinapa (Batty, A. WM. N. H.: 1 3,12), Agua Azul at Guadalajara (Tower, coll.
P. P.C.: 18); Guatemarta, Amatitlan (Williamson, coll. eusd.: 36 ¢ +1 pair;
Hine, O. S. U.: 11 3). |
Enallagma prevarum (p. 111).
The range of variation in the extent of the black on abdominal segment 3, described, anted, p. 111, as
occurring in Arizona, at Durango and Mexico City, is also seen in the supplementary material (males)
from Aguascalientes and Saltillo, while all of those from S. Luis Potosi have the black on this segment
confined to the apical fourth with little or no prolongation forward.
Eight males from Aguascalientes, abd. 21°5-25°5, hind wing 16-18°5 mm., have the following numbers of
postcubitals, front wings: 10 62°5 °/,, 11 37°5 °/,; hind wings: 8 6°25 °/,, 987-5 °/,, 10 6°25 °/,. Ten
males from San Luis Potosi, abd. 23°5—-27, h. w. 18-19°5 mm., have postcubitals, front wings: 10 30 °/,,
11 40 °/,, 12 80 °/,; hind wings: 8 10 °/,, 9 40 °/,, 10 45 °/,, 11 5 %/,.
Pale venation is exhibited by 2 ¢ Escuinapa, 2 $ San Luis Potosi; all the remaining examples here listed
have brown or black veins.
In the brief statement on p. 111, anted, relative to the first abdominal segment of the 9, “reaches ” should
have been “does not reach,” such being the condition of the females of the only supposed pairs: two
from Tucson. Since, however, the females of the undoubted pair here quoted from Jalapa and of one of
the two supposed pairs from San Luis Potosi have the black reaching to the apex of this segment, the
specific characters of the female of pravarum cannot yet be considered as ascertained. The word
“supposed” is used in reference to the pairs from Tucson and San Luis Potosi because, although a ¢ and
a @ are enclosed within the same envelope, they are not labelled as having been taken pairing or
un coitu.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Escuinapa (Batty, A. M. N. H.: 4 3) in
Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi (Hoag, coll. P. P. €.: 8 3,3 9+ 2 pairs ?), Saltillo [3 ¢ ],
NEUROPTERA. 381
Aguascalientes City [8 ¢, 2 2], Yurecuaro [5 ¢] in Michoacan, Jalapa [2 ¢ +
1 pair] (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.); Guatemata, along small stream on railroad near
Guatemala City (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3 )*.
Enallagma semicirculare (p. 112).
The Saltillo male has a semicircular black spot on abd. seg. 2, but without a “tail,” a transverse isolated ante-
apical black streak on 3, 4-6 as in the Misantla example (cf. anted, p. 112).
To the localities given, add :—MExico, Saltillo in Coahuila (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
13).
This specimen was beaten out of the grass near the railway-tracks.
Enallagma cocum (p. 112).
Subspecies novee-hispanize, subsp. n.
Enallagma cecum, Calvert, loc. cit. anted, p. 112 (1895).
Characters as given, anted, p. 113, to distinguish the continental examples from the Antillean types.
The following variations in size may be added :—
Abdomen, ¢ 22°5-26, 8. Lucia; 23°5-25°5, Mazatenango; 24-25°5, Gualan.
Hind wing, ¢ 15-17, ,, ; 16-17°5, 9 ; 16-175,
To the localities given, except those of the West Indies, add :—GuarEmata, Mazate-
nango (Maxon & Hay, U.S. N. M.: 1¢)([9¢ ], Santa Lucia [3 ¢ ], Santa Maria [2 ¢
+1 pair], Escuintla [3 ¢, 2 2), Amatitlan [3 ¢ ], Sanarate [3 ¢ ], Gualan [10 o,
1 ¢], Los Amates [8 ¢]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula [1 ¢ ] (Williamsons, Hine,
colls. Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Jesus Maria (Biolley, A. N. S.: 13).
The type of this subspecies is the male from Atoyac cited anted, page 113.
9. Enallagma cultellatum, (Tab. X. figg. 36, 37.)
Enallagma cultellatum, Hagen in Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xli. p. 524 (1876)'; Carpenter,
Journ. Inst. Jam. ii. p. 261 (1896) *.
3. Face yellow rather than orange, antehumeral stripe blue rather than “vert orange” * in all the present
material. A fine black line and median point on the base of the labrum, a still finer black line in the
suture between frons and nasus, in the continental specimens. The arms of the black “ horseshoe-
shaped” spot on abdominal segment 2 reach the base of the segment and so separate the enclosed blue
from the blue on the sides of the segment in a number of cases (Belize 1, Livingston 1, P. de S. Felipe 2,
Amatitlan 1, Colon 1), this enclosed blue being only one-third as long as the segment in the Belize example,
one-half as long in the others mentioned, owing to the widening of the arms of the horseshoe. The
transverse basal blue rings on 8-5 or 7 are narrow and mid-dorsally interrupted in the examples from
Belize, P. de S. Felipe, Livingston, and Colon; wider and not interrupted in those from Amatitlan and
Hayti (except on 3 only, in four Amatitlan specimens).
* The remark on Z. anna, Wllmsn., printed in the text, anted, p. 112, led to a vigorous correspondence
between Mr. Williamson and myself, with the result that I am convinced that EF. anna is distinct from
E. prevarum, although closely related thereto, Mr. Williamson, however, holds that £. civile is the nearest
ally of Z. anna.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1907. 8d
382 SUPPLEMENT.
@ (hitherto unknown). Differs from the male as follows :—Face pale (blue? much faded), three black dots
on the nasus, or these confluent so that the nasus is mainly black; hind lobe of prothorax blue, with an
arcuate black stripe enclosing a median blue dot on the hind margin ; abdominal segment 2 with a wide
dorsal black band for its entire length, widened anteapically but again narrowed at the apex as it is on
3-5 or 7 also; 3-5 with a metallic-green reflection, except at the rather wide transverse basal blue ring
which is present on 3-7, not interrupted mid-dorsally (except on 3 in four of the five examples) in the
Amatitlan females, but interrupted on all of these segments in the Belize and Jamaican specimens; 8 blue
with a dorsal black band, pointed anteriorly, extending from the hind end of the segment two-thirds’
way, or all the way, to the base, even in the examples from Amatitlan ; 9 black, blue inferiorly on each
side rising toward the dorsum at the apex; 10 black at base, blue at apex; appendages blackish, three-
fifths as long as 10; genital valvules yellowish at apex, their “ palps’’ not reaching beyond the level of
the apex of the appendages. No trace of a ventral apical spine on 8 in any of the sia specimens at hand.
Viewed in profile, from the side, the hind prothoracic lobe shows a horizontal ridge projecting from the middle
of its posterior surface ; the male has a similar projecting ridge.
3 &. Postcubitals, on front wings, 10-8, 9 most frequently; on the hind wings 8-6, 7 most frequently
(based on tabulation of 24 ¢,6 2).
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 22-25, 9 21:5-22:5; hind wing, ¢ 13°5-16, 9 15-16°5 mm.
Hab. British Honpuras, Belize [1 ¢,1 2]; Guaremata, Livingston [2 ¢ ], Fuerte
or Puerto de San Felipe [6 ¢ ], Amatitlan [19 3, 3 2 |] (Williamson, coll. ejusd.) (Hine,
0.8. U.: 6 6,2 2); Panama, Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 2 3 ).—West Inpixs,
Cuba (Gundlach 1), Portland (A. ¥. 8:19) in Jamaica?, Hayti (Uhler, M. C. Z.:
1 3). :
The venational characters of this species (cf. anted, page 379) would easily cause the
female to be mistaken for an Jschnura, but this sex may be distinguished from that of
any species of that genus known to inhabit this region by comparing the unarmed
prothorax, the colour of the eighth abdominal segment, and the size of the abdomen
with the Synopsis of Species of Jschnura, antea, page 123.
ACANTHAGRION (p. 115).
Acanthagrion gracile (p. 115).
Selys’s “ variety quadratum” is represented by numerous males from the following localities :—Gualan (4),
Guatemala City (2), Santa Lucia (1), San José (2), Surubres (12). No blue is present on the apex of
abdominal segment 7 in specimens of the same sex from Livingston (1), Puerto Barrios (2), Los
Amates (6), Gualan (3), Santa Lucia (1), San José (1), Surubres (6); this condition of segment 7 may
consequently occur both in typical gracile and in var. quadratum. The colours described by de Selys
for his “ race ?vidua” are to be seen in 1 g and 3 Q from Gualan and 5 ¢ and 1 © from Guatemala
City; these colours are surely those of an immature condition, as de Selys himself suggested, and
cannot be considered as racial.
Forty males from Gualan, abd. 24°5-27-5, hind wing 15°5-17°5 mm., give the following numbers of post-
cubitals, front wings: 9 11:25°/,, 10 72:5°/,, 11 16:25°/,; hind wings: 7 2:5/,, 8 65°/,, 9 31°25 °/,,
10 1:25°/,. Ten males from Surubres, abd. 23:5-27, hind wing 15-165 mm., give the following
numbers of postcubitals, front wings: 10 75°/,, 11 25°/,; hind wings: 8 40°/,, 9 60 °/y.
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Livingston [1 ¢ |, Puerto Barrios [4 ¢ 1
Los Amates [9 3,2 2], Gualan [40 ¢, 1 2? +2 pairs], along small stream on
railroad near Guatemala City [5 g,1 2], Santa Lucia [4 3,19 |]; Honpuras, San
NEUROPTERA. 383
Pedro Sula [1 3,1 9] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls. Wilmsn., O. 8. U.); Costa
Rica, San José (Biolley: 2 3), Surubres (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 12 ¢ ).
Mr. Williamson noted of this species: ‘‘ Los Amates, Jan. 18. In shaded bogs”;
‘‘Gualan, Jan. 14. Occurs in nearly all situations, usually common.” Prof. Biolley
marked those from Surubres as from “ eau stagnante.”
TELEBASIS (p. 115).
Telebasis collopistes (p. 116).
An additional male from Puerto de San Felipe has abd. seg. 10 red, like 8 and 9; stigma on front wings
surmounting less than one cell, on the right hind wing more than one cell (left hind wing broken).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Puerto de San Felipe (Williamson, coll.
ejusd.: 1 3).
Telebasis griffinii (p. 117).
Some of the Guatemalan examples are as large (abd., g 22°5-25, 9 26; hind wing, ¢ 15-165, 9 17 mm.)
as the type from Darien, but in none of them are there more than 10 postcubitals on the front wings.
To the localities given, add :—GuvatemaLa, Puerto de San Felipe (Williamson, coll.
ejusd.: 15 g,1 2). |
Telebasis filiola (p. 118).
3. The supplementary males have the fewer postcubitals and the superior black stripe on the femora, as
noted anted, p. 118; otherwise they agree well with de Selys’s description ?.
@. The mesostigmal lamine (“ tubercules carrés élevés prés de l’échancrure mésothoracique” of Hagen’s
description, printed by de Selys*) are well developed to a degree rarely seen in this division of the
legion Agrion and strongly remind one of Argia. Mesepimeron with a brownish or black stripe,
femora with a superior black stripe. Thoracic dorsum and abdomen showing differences in colour,
perhaps due to age, as follows :—
The Amatitlan example has the mid-dorsal thoracic dark green reaching only halfway each side from the
median carina to the humeral suture, dorsum of abd. segs. 3-7 pale brown.
One female from Puerto de San Felipe has the mid-dorsal thoracic dark metallic green extending on each
side from the median carina two-thirds way to the humeral suture, and a small confluent blackish spot
on the middle of the pale area thus left immediately anterior to that suture. In the other two from
this locality the mid-dorsal thoracic metallic dark green reaches to the humeral suture except for a short
superior, and in one also a larger inferior, antehumeral pale stripe. All three have a mid-dorsal
stripe on 3-7 darker than the brown on each side, enlarging at the apex of each segment into a round
black spot.
The Altamira female has the thoracic dorsum coloured as in the males, viz. entirely dark metallic green to
the humeral suture except for a short inferior pale green stripe immediately in front of and bordering the
humeral suture; 3-7 almost black except for the basal yellow ring on each segment.
In all the females, as in the males, the mid-dorsal thoracic carina is pale green.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 17-5, 9 17-18; hind wing, ¢ 11°5, 2 12-13 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P.C.: 12) in
Tamaulipas; GuaTEMALA, Puerto de San Felipe [21 ¢,3 @ ], Morales [1 ¢ ], Amatitlan
8d 2
384 SUPPLEMENT.
[1 ¢, 1 9]; Honpuras, San Pedro Sula [1 ¢ ] (Willktamson, Hine, colls. Wilisn.,
0. S. U.).
Telebasis digiticollis (p. 118). (Tab. X. figg. 39, 40.)
d (hitherto unknown). Upper and hind surfaces of head black or dark metallic green ; a short isolated
yellow streak between each posterior ocellus and the antenna of the same side and a reddish spot on
each side of the anterior ocellus, these sometimes obliterated ; frons anteriorly pale (reddish ? in life),
clypeus reddish, labrum orange or bright red, gene greenish-yellow, labium cream-coloured.
Prothorax dark metallic-green, anterior edge of the front lobe, a very short oblique streak on each side of
the median lobe anteriorly, sides inferiorly, extreme hind edge of hind lobe, yellow.
Thorax pale brownish-yellow superiorly, bluish (?) inferiorly ; a mid-dorsal dark metallic-green band whose
width extends on each side two-thirds, to all the, way from the dark median carina to the humeral suture ;
in the former case its lateral margin is sinuous and a well-developed pale humeral stripe exists; in the
latter case it is confluent inferiorly with a dark metallic-green mesepimeral stripe, which never reaches
up to the front wing-base, and the pale humeral stripe is superior only; a short black mark at the upper
ends of the humeral and second lateral sutures. Two small metallic-green spots or streaks on the site of
the obsolete first lateral suture: one at its upper end, the other, a short distance below, is in one case
used with the upper end of the mesepimeral stripe.
Abdomen bright red, usually unmarked, but one male, with some pruinosity on the underside of head and of
thorax, has the following black markings: a pair of small dorsal apical spots on 7, a pair of narrow
dorsal stripes on the apical half of 8 and on the greater part of the length of 9, a lateral spot on 9 and
on the base of 10, Segment 10 half as long as 9, its apical margin not or barely excised, but elevated
in the middle into two small prominences. Superior appendages as long as 10, blackish; in dorsal
view, divergent, convex exteriorly, concave interiorly, apex obtusely-pointed ; in oblique view from the
side and above, the apex is blunt, rounded; in profile view, each appendage is bent strongly downward
in its apical two-thirds, apex obtuse. Inferior appendages at least one-and-one-half times as long as
the superiors, reddish, tapering to an acute apex, which in profile view is curved slightly upward, in
dorsal or ventral view is curved toward the median line.
Hind lobe of prothorax convex, flattened medially, no processes,
Legs yellow, a superior black stripe on the femora.
Pterostigma brown, a pale yellow line immediately within its enclosing veins, surmounting one cell or a
little more or less. Postcubitals, front wings 8-11, 10 most frequently ; hind wings 6-9, 8 most
frequently.
Abdomen 22°5-25'5, hind wing 15-16 mm.
?. The example from P. Cortez has the abdomen 29, hind wing 19 mm. in length.
To the localities given, add:—GvuatTemaLa, Puerto Barrios [1 2 +1 pair], Los
Amates [13 ¢ ], Gualan [1 2]; Honpvuras, Puerto Cortez [1 2] (Deam, Williamson,
Hine, colls. Wlimsn., O. S. U.).
Mr. Williamson noted of this species: “Los Amates, Jan. 16. ¢. In bog with
Ischnura” [= Ceratura capreola].
The male of this species is very similar to that identified in this work as L. griffinis ;
it differs as follows: prothorax in great part dark metallic-green (chiefly yellowish in
grifinit), dark metallic-green mesepimeral stripe always present (often absent, shorter
when present, in griffinit), inferior appendages absolutely—and also relatively with
respect to the superiors—longer, superior appendages more strongly curved downward
(cf. figg. 31, 32, Tab. V., with figg. 39, 40, Tab. X.). These differences make it probable
that I have correctly identified 7. griffinit. |
NEUROPTERA. 385
Telebasis isthmica (p. 118).
The mid-dorsal thoracic stripe is a little narrower in these supplementary specimens than in the types.
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Bebedero (Underwood: 1 3), Santa
Clara (Tristan: 1 3).
Telebasis salva (p. 119).
Erythragrion salvum, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. t. 54. fig. 7 (venation) (1903) °.
Telebasis salva, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 716, fig. 8 (nymphal gill) (1904) 7,
In one only of the supplementary specimens, a male from Gualan, are the submedian dorsal thoracic bronze
stripes hardly widened superiorly, and in it the apex of the projecting angle on each side is still present
as an isolated bronze dot. In one male from Jesus Maria these stripes are not at all widened superiorly
and there are no vestigial dots.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia [2 ¢ ] in Chihuahua,
Yurecuaro [2 ¢ | in Michoacan, Ocotlan [2 ¢,1 9 ]in Jalisco (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.),
Aguascalientes (Howard, U.S. N.M.: 1 3); Guatemata, Los Amates [4 ¢ ], Gualan
[29 ¢, 1 2], Escuintla [1 3], Santa Lucia [1 ¢] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls.
Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Costa Rica, Jesus Maria (Biolley, colls. A. N. S8., Wlimsn.: 2 3,
1 2); Panama, Colon (Howland, coll. Needham: 1 3).
This species was very abundant at Ocotlan on August 29,1906. The eyes of the
adult male are bright scarlet in life.
LEPTOBASIS (p. 120).
Leptobasis vacillans (p. 120).
Leptobasis vacillans, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 86 (1905) *.
Mr. Williamson noted of a female at Los Amates: ‘Thoracic colours light sea-green and bright light rust
or almost orange.” The sea-green appears to include, in some of both sexes, an antehumeral stripe
(which has faded in the specimens previously recorded) not reaching to the front wing-bases, its upper
end a little widened and cut straight across, and some of the sides of the thorax. The effects of
dessication on the thoracic colours are very varied, however.
Of the twenty-five additional females here recorded, all but three (Los Amates) have the vulvar spine present.
In those three I am unable to determine whether its absence is due to breakage or not, but they have the
abdomen otherwise entire.
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Morales [3 3, 2 9], Los Amates
(9 ¢, 8 2] (Hine, O. S. U.) [16 g, 14 9]; Honpuras, Puerto Cortez [1 3]
(Williamson, coll. ejusd.); Nicaragua, Granada? (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 2),
Chinandega °.
Mr. Williamson noted of this species at Los Amates, Jan. 18, 1905: ‘In shaded
bogs along railroad track below Los Amates. Very slow and sluggish, always in
shade and in one certain species of sedge, though a grass very similar in style grew in
proximity. Observed between 2 and 5 P.M.”
386 SUPPLEMENT.
METALEPTOBASIS, gen. nov.
The study of an additional species for this faunal district and the remarks made
under Leptobasis, anted, page 120, appear to necessitate the formation of a new genus
distinguished from Leptobasis by the following characters :—Inferior sector of the
triangle arising as far distal to the submedian cross-vein as the latter is long, nodal
sector arising at the fifth or sixth postcubital on the hind wings, at the sixth or more
remote on the front wings (at the fourth and fifth respectively in Leptobasis vacillans),
tarsal claws toothless. Superior appendages (¢) and genital valves (2) otherwise
than as in Leptobasis (cf. anted, pages 101-2).
Type: WM. bovilla, sp. n.
This genus will also include Z. diceras, Selys, and perhaps other species associated
therewith by de Selys.
1. Metaleptobasis bovilla, sp.n. (Tab. VII. figg. 21-23.)
6. Anterior surface of frons, rhinarium, bases of mandibles, under and hind surfaces of head pale (blue in
life?); vertex, superior surface of frons, nasus, and labrum black, in part with a metallic-green
reflection, a short orange line between each lateral ocellus and the antenna of the same side. First
antennal joint blackish, its thickness and length subequal; second joint about one-and-one-half times
as long as the first, more slender, pale but darker distally ; remaining joints and the labium lost.
Prothorax lost. Thorax orange, sides paler (pale blue in life ?), a metallic-green mid-dorsal stripe, °5 mm.
wide, much narrowed at its anterior end to pass between two orange, curved processes (‘“ horns ”).
Each process is about 1 mm. long, situated behind a mesostigma, directed forward and upward when
seen from the right or left side of the insect, subparallel with its fellow of the other side for half its
length, then diverging therefrom and curved outward (laterad).
Abdominal segment 1 pale (blue ?) with a dark transverse apical ring ; dorsum of 2-10 dark metallic-green,
gradually becoming blackish-brown on the posterior segments, a narrow, transverse, basal pale ring,
interrupted mid-dorsally; ventral surface of abdomen pale, except at the apices of 3-6, which are
darker.
Superior appendages ‘5 mm. long, a little shorter than segment 10, in dorsal view curved toward each other,
gradually tapering from base to apex ; in profile view the apical half much more slender than the basal
half and curved strongly downward, apex acute. Inferior appendages nearly three times as long as the
superiors ; in profile view the basal two-thirds are directed backward and upward, the distal third
backward and downward, and forming with the basal part an angle of about 120°, at one-third length of
the appendages a small superior tubercle; in ventral view the two appendages are subparallel in their
basal halves, curved toward each other in their apical halves, a small angular excision on the inner side
of each at half-length, apices moderately acute. .
Legs (fragments only) pale ; tarsal claws apparently without a tooth.
Wings colourless, stigma brown, surmounting exactly one cell, submedian cross-vein at level of two-thirds to
three-fourths distance from first to second antecubital, inferior sector of triangle separating from hind
margin of wing at a distance beyond the submedian cross-vein subequal to the length of the cross-vein
itself, anterior side of quadrilateral half (front wing) or two-thirds (hind wings) as long as the posterior
side, three antenodal cells, twelve postcubitals on front and hind wings (right front wing lost), nodal
sector arising at the sixth, ultra-nodal at the tenth postcubital, upper sector of triangle ending at level of
ninth, lower sector at level of sixth postcubital.
9. Differs from the male as follows :—Labrum brownish-yellow, free margin narrowly darker brown, line
between ocellus and antenna yellow, second antennal joint subequal in length to the first, third joint
twice as long, pale, darker at apex, remaining joints hair-like, black; prothorax pale obscure luteous,
hind margin convex, slightly produced medially ; mid-dorsal thoracic stripe metallic-blue, mesothoracic
NEUROPTERA. 387
‘“‘horns” in same position as those of the male, conical, much shorter and apparently broken off apically ;
abdominal segments 1-7 dark metallic-blue on dorsum, sides inferiorly and a basal ring on 2-7 (mid-
dorsally interrupted on 3-7) yellow; 8-10 pale (blue?), 9 with a longitudinal blackish stripe each side
from base to three-fourths length; appendages a little shorter than 10, genital valvules hardly reaching
beyond the tips of the appendages, but the “ palps” of the valvules reach beyond them; no vulvar spine
on 8; tarsal claws toothless; hind wings with 11 postcubitals, ultranodal sector arising at ninth post-
cubital on all wings, upper sector of the triangle ending between the 8th and 9th, lower sector of
triangle ending near level of 5th or 6th postcubital.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢$ 38°5, 2 34:5; hind wing, ¢ 21:5, 2 22'5 mm.
Hab. Guatemata, Livingston (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 9); Nicaragua, Escondido
River, 50 miles from Blewfields (C. W. Richmond, U.S. N. Mi: 1 3).
Mr. Williamson records that he took the female “in a room in town.”
ISCHNURA (p. 122).
Ischnura ramburi (p. 124),
The statisties given on the next page appear to indicate a geographical variation in the number of post-
cubitals. These’ figures, although based on scanty data, indicate a tendency toward a greater number of
postcubitals in both sexes at Amatitlan as compared with Belize, and in each locality a tendency for the
females to possess a greater number of postcubitals than the males. This latter, sexual, difference has
been alluded to (anted, p. 127, line 18). It will be noted also that the Amatitlan examples are slightly
larger than those from Belize, which, taken in conjunction with the data given in the table (anted, p. 125),
may indicate that, in the tropics, the size of ramburi increases with the altitude.
The distinction between “olive” and “orange” females is by no means a sharp one. Four olive females
(Altamira, Belize, Amatitlan) and two orange females (Belize) have their pale postocular spots not con-
fluent, or barely confluent, with the pale colour of the rear of the head (cf. key to females, 2, anted,
p. 123).
ramburi, type form (p. 124).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Altamira | Hoag: 42, ‘Lol. @ ] in Tamaulipas,
Ocotlan [Calvert: 1 pair+2 or. 9] and Chapala [tbid.: 1 bl. 2, 2 ol. 2 ] (coll. P. P. GC)
in Jalisco; British Honpuras, Belize [1 pair+6 ¢, 1 or. 2]; Honpuras, Puerto
Cortez [1 ¢, 1 or. 2 | (Williamson, coll. ejusd.).
Var. credula (p. 125).
Ischnura ramburi, var. credula, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 86 (1905) °.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guzman [Calvert: 4 3,1 bl. 2, lor. 9 ] in
Chihuahua, Altamira [Hoag: 1 ¢] in Tamaulipas, Ocotlan [Calvert: 1 bl. 2] (coll.
P,P. ¢.) in Jalisco; Britisq Honpuras, Belize [1 pair+7 3,2 bl. 9, 7 or. 2];
GUATEMALA, lake on railroad west of Guatemala City [2 ¢ |, Amatitlan [81 3, 12bl. 2,
17 or. 2, 21 ol. 2 ]; Honpuras, Puerto Cortez [1 3, 2 ol. 2 ] (Williamson, Hine, colls.
Wilmsn., O. S. U.); Nicaragua, Chinandega ! (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3).
Ischnura denticollis (p. 126).
2 (black or homeeochromatic). The Ocotlan example has the pale postocular spots very small, the blue
antehumeral stripe represented by a small inferior spot only. That from Toluca has the antehumeral
stripe represented by a cuneiform blue spot at what would be the upper and lower ends respectively.
SUPPLEMENT.
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NEUROPTERA. ‘389
(intermediate between black, or homceochromatic, and orange, or heterochromatic). A specimen from Ocotlan
has the following characters of the black females: second antennal joint black, pale postocular spots not
confluent with the pale colour of the rear of the head, pale antehumeral stripe narrow, interrupted near
its upper end so as to have the form of an inverted !, and the following features of the orange females ;
nasus partly green, middle prothoracic lobe with a curved yellow stripe on each side, abdominal segments
8 and 9 black on dorsum. A female from Jalapa has the two following “ black” characters : pale postocular
spots not confluent with the pale colour of the rear of the head, pale antehumeral stripe complete but
narrower than in orange females, but its other characters are those of the “orange” form. A female
from Guadalupe, otherwise of the heterochromatic form, has the pale postocular spots not confluent with
the pale colour of the rear of the head.
© (orange or heterochromatic). Of ten females taken pairing at Jalapa, Sept. 11, 1906, by myself, seven
have abdominal segments 8 and 9 entirely black dorsally ; the other three evidently had the dorsum of
these segments blue with the black stripe each side, but the blue is darkening so as to approach the
totally black condition, thus supporting the suggestion made (anted, page 127) that the totally black state
is indicative of greater age.
A vulvar spine is absent in the great majority (32) of these supplementary females ; the exceptions are four
heterochromatic examples (Jalapa 2, Toluca 2) which have a spine or a rudiment of a spine.
The following comparison of examples of this species from Jalapa (4500 feet, 1370 metres) and from Toluca
(8600 feet, 2625 metres) shows that the latter are slightly larger and have some tendency toward an
increased number of postcubitals. The data from both localities lend some support to the statements
made (anted, page 127) as to the greater number of postcubitals in the more southern Mexican examples
as compared with those from the United States, and as to the tendency of the females toward a greater
number of postcubitals than exists in the males,
Percentage of wings having the following respective numbers
of posteubitals :—
Length of abdomen | Length of hind wing
in mm. in mm. ;
Front wings: Hind wings:
Range. | Average. Range. Average. | 11. | 10. 9. 8. 7. | 10. | 9. 8. 7.
16 | 56 | 26 2 oe 2 24 | 64 8
25 SS ueeeee 18:5-22| 20°6 |13°5-15°5) 145
15 het. 9 Q....} 19-22 21:07 | 16-18 16-6 | 33:3) 40 | 26-7) .. ee 6-7 | 33°3; 50 | 10
20 dS veces 18-205) 19°6 | 125-15} 138-6 .. | 45 | 45 | 75] 2d] .. 15 | 67:5) 17-5
12 het. 9 @....| 19-21°5) 20:3 | 145-16 15:3 4-2 | 66°7| 20°8) 83) .. .. | 166} 66°6| 16°6
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guadalajara [ McClendon; 1 ¢ | and Ocotlan
[3 ¢, L bl. 9, 2 or. @] in Jalisco, Yurecuaro [1 or. ¢ ] in Michoacan, Toluca [30 ¢,
1 bl. 2,17 or. 2 | (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.), Gaudalupe (Tower, coll. P. P.C.: 3 or. 2 |
in the Distrito Federal.
This species and I. demorsa were found at the same ditches at Yurecuaro and at
Toluca.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1907. 8e
390 SUPPLEMENT.
Ischnura demorsa (p. 128).
3. In the third line of the description, anted, page 128, insert “ of 8” after “base.” A male from Nogales has
the left inferior appendage trifid by reason of the normally superior branch being itself bifid.
Q (intermediate between black and orange forms). An otherwise black 9 from Yurecuaro has the posterior
dorsal half of segment 8, the posterior two-thirds of 9, and a small median dorsal spot on 10, blue; on 8
and 9 the anterior margin of the blue is trilobed, the median lobe being more pointed and extending a little
farther forward than the other two. Another female from the same locality, agreeing generally with the
black form, has 8 and 9 coloured as just described, but the blue postocular spots are confluent with the
pale colour of the rear of the head. A third 2 from Yurecuaro has the postocular spots and the pale
colour of the thorax orange, the postocular spots confluent with the pale colour of the rear of the head,
the black humeral stripe a little wider than the pale antehumeral, segments 1 and 2 orange but the dark
metallic-green dorsal markings are wider than described for orange females on page 129, line 2, anted,
3-7 as in the black 2, 8 with a small dorsal anteapical trilobed blue spot, 9 blue with a pair of
triangular dark spots at base.
Two other females from Yurecuaro are of the orange form, but they and the third female above described have
no notch on the middle of the hind prothoracic margin.
A vulvar spine is lacking in almost all these supplementary females; the exceptions are an old female from
Yurecuaro and one from Nogales, in which a small or very small spine is present.
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Nogales [3 ¢,1¢ | in Sonora, Saltillo[1 ¢,
1 2] in Coahuila, Yurecuaro [5 ¢, 2 bl.9, 3 or. 2,9 9 |] in Michoacan, Ocotlan
[1 ¢]im Jalisco, Toluca [1 ¢,1 9] (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.), Escuinapa (Batty, A.W.
NV. H.: 1 @) in Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 4 ), Queretaro (coll.
Deam: 1 bl. 9).
ANOMALAGRION (p. 180).
Anomalagrion hastatum (p. 130).
Anomalagrion hastatum, Needham, Bull. 68 N. Y. St. Mus. p. 262, t. 14. fig. 7, t. 15. fig. e,
t. 18. figg. 5,6 (nymph and imago) (1903)”*; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 709, fig. 4
(1903) *.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Altamira (Hoag, coll. P. P. C.: 1 transit. 2 )
in Tamaulipas; British Honpuras, Belize [2 ¢, 1bl. 9]; Guavemaua, Puerto Barrios
[1 bl. ¢ ], Los Amates [1 ¢], Amatitlan [1 bl. 2]; Honpuras, Puerto Cortez [8 ¢,
6 bl. 2, 5 or. 2 | (Williamson, Deam, coll. Wilmsn.).
Mr, Williamson made the following notes on this species: “Los Amates, Jan. 17,
1905, ¢. In bog across river from Los Amates on trail to Dr. Johnson’s.” “Puerto
Cortez, March 2,1905. 3. In Pontederia beds 20 feet from ocean” [hence associated
with Ceratura capreola, q. v. |.
I have now evidence which has convinced me that the “ orange female” of this
species is a younger stage of the “ black female.”
CERATURA (p. 131).
Ceratura capreola (p. 131).
Ceratura capreola, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 86 (1905) °,
NEUROPTERA.
391
The variations in the colouring of abdominal segments 8 and 9 of the supplementary material are as follows :—
Abdominal segment 9 of Q 2
Transverse apical blue on
Locality and number of specimens examined abd. seg. 8 of dS ‘rel blue with a
(bl. = black, or. = orange, 2 2). one y pale pair of small entirely
(orue er | basal black black.
interrupted. | not interrupted. orange). spots.
Belize, 4 g, 2 or. 2... . ce eee ee eee 4 . 2 or. eee
Puerto Barrios, 1 bl. 9, 1 or. 9 ........ eee see 1 or. 1 bl.
P. de San Felipe, 2 g,lor. 2 ........ 1 1 1 or. vase wee
Los Amates, 50 ¢, 17 bl. 2, 38 or. 9 31 19 5 bl, 33 or 1 bl. 11 bl
Gualan, 1 Soo... eee ce ee eee 1 . . wae
Amatitlan, 1 bl. 9,1 or. 9............ eee sees eos wee 1 bl, 1 or
Puerto Cortez, 16 g,4bl.9,30r 9 .. 9 7 1 bl, 3 or. 2 bi. 1 bl.
Managua, lor. 9 ........ eee eee eee . 1 or. os
Surubres,4 do we kee ee cee ee eee 4
The degree of interruption of the transverse apical blue on abdominal segment 8 of the males varies greatly, as
in those from Los Amates, from a fine mid-dorsal black line to a mid-dorsal black band three-fourths as
wide as the segment, or, in one example, the blue is broken by black into three spots.
Variation at one locality, Los Amates, is shown in the following table :—
Percentages of wings having the
respective numbers of postcubitals :—
Length of abdomen Length of hind wing
in mm. in mm,
Front wings: Hind wings:
Range. Average. Range. Average. | 8. / 7, | G& | 7% | G& | 5S | 4
5) Os as 16°5-19°5 18 9°5-11 10°3 2 | 58; 40/ 1 | 20| 77] 2
17 black ....| 16°5-18°5 | 17:5 10-°5-12 11:25 | 4 | 25); 5 17 | 17
50 2 2
tes orange....{ 16-19 175 10°5-12 115 4 | 49 | 12 32 | 33) 1
8 | 74} 17 49 | 50} 1
To the localities given, add :—British Honpuras, Belize [4 ¢, 2 or. 2]; GuaTema.a,
Puerto Barrios [1 bl. 2, 1 or. 2], Puerto de San Felipe [2 ¢,1 or. ? ], Los Amates
[119 3,17 bl. 2, 33 or. 2 ]}, Gualan [1 ¢ ], Amatitlan [1 bl. 9, 1 or. 9]; Honpuras,
Puerto Cortez [1 pair+15 3, 3 bl. 2, 3 or. 2 | ( Williamson, Miller, Deam, Hine colls.
Wllmsn., O. 8S. U.); Nicaragua, Managua® (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 or. PDs Costa
Rica, Surubres near San Mateo (Biolley, coll. Kahl: 4 3).
Mr. E. B. Williamson noted of this species at Los Amates, Jan. 16, 1905 :—*‘In bog
8e@ 2
392 SUPPLEMENT.
or swamps. Actions similar to [Jschnura] verticalis. Fresh 29 thorax bright
green”; and at Puerto Cortez, Mar. 2, 1905: “In Pontederia beds 20 feet from
ocean.” Prof. Biolley records this species at Surubres as from “ Herbes d’une rigole.”
PALZEMNEMA (p. 138).
Palemnema angelina (p. 136).
Two females from Cacao, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala (Lewton, U. S. N. M.) may
belong here. One has abdomen.35 mm., hind wing 26°5 mm.,..postcubitals on the
front wings 25, on the hind wings 24, 23. The other has abdomen 32°5 mm., hind
wing 28°5 mm., postcubitals on the front wings 19, 18, on the hind wings 17, 18.
- Palemnema sp..
A male from Pozo Azul ‘de Pinris, C Costa Rica (Underwood, M.C. Z.), with 22, 23 post-
cubitals on the front wings, 21,19 on the hind, stigma of the front wings surmounting
1+ cells, its costal edge -8--9 mm. long, hind wing 22-5 mm. in length, is of the
angelina-nathalia- domina group, but is not further determinable owing to the loss of
the abdomen beyond the fifth segment. |
NEONEURA (p. 137).
Three species of this genus are now known, or likely, to be present in this fauna, and
may be separated as follows, in addition to the differences (figured) in the appendages
of the males :-—
Dorsum of abdominal
segments 2 and 3, ¢,
Dorsal surface of head
and thorax, 3,
Black mid-dorsal thoracic
stripe, 3,
Black mesepimeral black
stripe, d,
Black line on second
lateral thoracic suture,
3Q,
A black dot at about
two-thirds height of
the obsolete first late-
ral thoracic suture,
3 2 r)
Hind margin of hind
lobe of prothorax, ?
(cf. Tab. X. figg. 26,
29),
In line 23, page 137, anted, change “ or” to “and” and “ fauna” to “ faune,”
NV. amelia.
chiefly orange-red.
bright orange-red.
present.
usually present.
uninterrupted for entire
length of suture.
present.
trilobed, median lobe
larger than the lateral
lobes.
N. paya
(2 unknown).
chiefly orange.
pale ochre-brown.
absent.
absent.
uninterrupted for entire
length of suture.
present.
[N. aaroni. |
brown or black, 3 with
a pale mid-dorsal line.
pale brown (young) to
bright brick-red.
present (interrupted in
young).
present in old only.
absent, or if present very
fine and interrupted.
absent, except in old
males.
not trilobed, but median
part convexly pro-
duced (= middle lobe
of the other species).
NEUROPTERA. 393
Neoneura amelia (p. 138). (Tab. X. figg. 25, 26.)
Neoneura amelia, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 86 (1905) *.
d. The black mesepimeral stripe is reduced to an inferior spot in the males from Fuerte de San Felipe and
Chinandega and in some from Los Amates, and is entirely absent (as in all females) in two from the last
locality.
. (Previous description based on a single imperfect specimen.) Head and thorax pale brown, with the
following black markings in addition to those described: two spots on each side of the vertex touching
the eye-margin, the anterior spot connected with a black line which runs toward, but not to, the lateral
ocellus and bends (a spot at the angle) toward the hind margin of the head, only a short transverse line
on each side of the rear of the head superiorly. Abdomen greenish-yellow, 2—7 with an ill-defined black
longitudinal line or stripe each side, not quite attaining either anterior or posterior end of each segment,
in some absent on 6 or 7, the dorsal interval between the stripes more or less filled in with brown or
black, each of the two onds of 3-7, however, often presenting the appearance of having a mid-dorsally
interrupted yellowish ring, 8-10 obscure with darkish markings. Appendages subequal in length to 10.
Genital valvules reaching to, or nearly to, the level of the tips of the appendages, their ‘‘ palps ” much
farther. Legs pale yellowish, femora superiorly, and distal part of tibis inferiorly, with a dark line.
Postcubitals on hind wings 8-9, 8 predominating. Abdomen 23-25, hind wing 16-5-18 mm,*
To the localities given, add:—GuatTEMALA, Fuerte (or Puerto) San Felipe [1 ¢ ] on
Lake Izabal, Los Amates [2 pairs -+ 23 3, 3 2] (Williamson, Deam, Hine, colls.
Willmsn., O. S. U.); Nicaragua, Chinandega! (Baker, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3).
Mr. Williamson made these two notes on this species at Los Amates on Feb. 16 and
18, 1905, respectively: “ g. Along stream below Los Amates on vegetation and twigs
over water. Active.” ‘3. Very active, over water usually on dead twigs. o¢ holds 9
while oviposition takes place. In couple ? hangs straight down from first segment
[of] 3.”
Neoneura paya, sp. n. (Tab. X. figg. 27, 38.)
Neonura amelia, Calvert, anted, p. 138 (in part.; the 2 g from Livingston mentioned in footnote).
3. Dorsal surface of head and of thorax pale ochre-brown to orange, labium cream-colour; the following
black, those enclosed in parentheses absent in some: a mid-basal and a lateral marginal spot on the
labrum; two short streaks, fused into one in some, on each side of the nasus ; apex of the third antennal
joint and remainder of the antenna, two dots on each side of the vertex at the eye-margin, from the
anterior of these dots a line toward, but not reaching, the lateral ocellus of the same side (and ending in
a dot), the posterior dot confluent with the black of the rear of the head in some ; (the mesial margin of
each lateral ocellus,) a short transverse line behind the ocelli, rear of the head except for a yellow band
along each eye-margin, two (or three) dots on the front prothoracic lobe, the median groove and two (or
three) spots on each side of the middle prothoracic lobe, the transverse depression in front of the inferior
fork of the mid-dorsal thoracic carina, a line on the humeral and on the second lateral thoracic suture, a
dot on the site of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture, about half-way from metastigma to superior
metapleural margin (and a line above the dot). Sides of thorax behind the humeral suture paler, more
yellowish.
Abdominal segments 1-8 orange, a dorsal basal spot on 1, an elongate spot on each side of 2, a stripe on each
side of 3 for almost the entire length of the segment and meeting its fellow of the opposite side on the
dorsal apical sixth, brown or blackish ; 4—10 black or blackish, 4-7 or 8 with a narrow transverse basal
ring and a mid-dorsal line, yellow ; more than the posterior half of 10 pale brown in some, ventral
* In addition to the supplementary material listed above, I have examined two pairs and 14 ¢ taken at
Livingston, Guatemala, by Mr. Williamson.
394 SUPPLEMENT.
surface of 1-7, or even 1-10, pale yellow except the sternites of all and the apex of 3-7, which are
blackish. Hind margin of segment 10 denticulated and with a shallow median excision,
Superior abdominal appendages half, or less thin half, as long as segment 10, bent downward and inward.
at a right angle as seen in most dried specimens, but when extended each appendage is more than half
as long as 10, is bifid for two-thirds its own length, the upper and lower branches of subequal length and
thickness (profile view), apices of the branches slightly curved toward each other, interval between the
two branches subequal to or a little greater than the thickness of either branch; tip of lower branch
ending in two small points or teeth. Inferior appendages slightly longer than the superiors, pale brown.
Legs pale yellow, knees blackish, superior surface of first tibiee, two rather indistinct transverse fascis on all
of the femora, and in some also on each of the other tibie, subfuscous; femora with an interrupted
blackish superior stripe becoming continuous and darker with age.
Wings hyaline, 9-11 postcubitals (most frequently 10, 662 “/o) on the front wings, 8-10 (most frequently 8,
50 °/,) on the hind.
Dimensions.—Abdomen 26:5-27°5, hind wing 16-17 mm. 9 unknown.
Hab. Guatemaa, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. 8S. U.: 8 3), Section 11, Ferrocarril del
Norte (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3).
The specific name proposed is that of an Indian tribe.
[Neoneura aaroni (p. 139). (Tab. X. figg. 28, 29.)
The additional figures will make clearer one of the differences between this and the
other two species. |
PROTONEURA (p. 140).
Two new species necessitate the following modifications of the Key on page 140 :—-
The clause “superior sector of the triangle ending a little beyond the cross-vein descending from
the nodus” is to be taken out of the characters of division I. and made subdivision 1 of I., to
include peramans, cupida, amatoria, sp. n., aurantiaca, and cara.
Change CC to CCC, and insert a new CC as follows :—
CC. Thoracic dorsum predominantly black, an orange antehumeral stripe,
one-tenth to one-sixth as wide as the mid-dorsal black, reaching
upward three-fifths’ to three-fourths’ way toward the base of the
front wing (¢),or a yellow posthumeral line ( ? ), mid-dorsal thoracic
carina orange or yellow; abdominal segments 3-6 of ¢ chiefly orange-
red, black at apices and along sides; ¢ not distinguishable from that
of cupida if the latter has been correctly identified. . . ~ « 2a. amatoria.
(Cupida 3 has the blue antehumeral stripe one-half to one-third as wide as the black mid-dorsal
stripe and reaching upward to the front wing base, the mid-dorsal thoracic carina black, abdominal
segments 3-6 black with a narrow transverse basal blue ring. Aurantiaca ¢ has the orange-
yellow antehumeral stripe wider than the mid-dorsal black, reaching upward to the front wing
base, mid-dorsal thoracic carina black, 3 chiefly orange, 4-6 black with a very narrow transverse
basal pale ring.)
Between BB and II. insert subdivision 2 of I. as follows :—
2. Superior sector of the triangle ending af the cross-vein descending from
the nodus ; nodal sector on the hind wings arising nearest the fourth
postcubital, thoracic dorsum chiefly pale blue (3') or metallic green (2),
NEUROPTERA. 395
abdomen violet-black or dark metallic-green with a very narrow trans-
verse basal pale ring on segments 3-7 ; inferior appendages of ¢ two-
and-a-half times as long as the superiors. . . . . 1. . . we 4A. corculum.
Protoneura peramans (p. 141).
A supplementary pair from Alta Vera Paz present the following venational variations :—the nodal sector on
both hind wings of the male and on one hind wing of the female arises nearest the sixth postcubital ; on
one front wing of the male the superior sector of the triangle reaches to the cross-vein next distal to that
descending from the nodus,
To the localities given, add :—GuvateMaLa, Cacao in Alta Vera Paz (Barber, U. 8.
N. M.: 1 pair).
Protoneura cupida (p. 142).
To the localities given, add:—GuvatemaLa, Section 11, Ferrocarril del Norte
(Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 1 3).
2 (a). Protoneura amatoria, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 49-52.)
¢d. Head and dorsal surface of thorax black, with some metallic-green or violet reflections, labium cream-
coloured ; the following yellow, yellowish-green, or pale blue : anterior margin of labrum, some dots on the
rhinarium, genx, an oblique line on each side of the anterior surface of the frons and confluent with the
gena of the same side, first antennal joint anteriorly, apex of second joint; the following orange:
a smali spot on each side of, and in some also a larger mid-dorsal spot on, the front prothoracic lobe, a
pair of larger dorsal spots separated from each other only by a median black line and the sides inferiorly
on the middle prothoracic lobe, in some a median dot on the hind prothoracic lobe, mid-dorsal thoracic
carina, an antehumeral (mesepisternal) stripe reaching from the anterior mesothoracic margin three-fifths’
to three-fourths’ way to base of front wing and one-fifth to one-third as wide as the black between it and
the mid-dorsal carina, a spot immediately in front of the antealar sinus, antealar sinus itself, a mesepimeral
stripe, which borders the humeral suture posteriorly and reaches up to the front wing-base, but not as
far forward as the antehumeral stripe extends and to which stripe it is subequal in width or a little
narrower; (at its lower or anterior end the mesepimeral stripe is confluent with the antehumeral for
hardly more than a point, elsewhere the black which separates them is subequal in width to the
mesepimeral stripe). Metepisternum and metepimeron yellow, the latter becoming paler inferiorly,
perhaps even, with the metasternum, a pale blue in life; a black stripe, wider superiorly, on the second
lateral thoracic suture, and a black dot behind the upper part of this stripe.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire.
Abdominal segment 1 black above, most of the sides and the ventral surface yellow. Dorsum of 2-7 orange,
with the following black : a transverse ring at the articulations, a longitudinal lateral stripe as long as
each segment and rising on the dorsum before the apex of 3-7, usually not meeting its fellow of the
opposite side on 3 and 4, but on 5-7 meeting its fellow and thereby rendering the posterior dorsal
thirteenth (5) to fourth (7) of those segments black; 2-7 with some yellowish ventrally, but their
sternites black ; 8-10 black dorsally, a pair of dorsal spots in the basal half and the sides inferiorly of
8, a transverse lateral spot confluent below with an inferior band and the sternite of 9, occasionally a
pair of small spots on 10, orange.
Abdominal appendages black, superiors half to two-thirds as long as segment 10, excavated superiorly and
interiorly before the apex, which is obtuse and rounded, an internal basal tubercle, an elongated pale
infero-internal apical tubercle whose apex is distinct from that of the appendage proper in a latero-ventral
view but not always in profile view. Inferiors slightly longer, slender, inclined somewhat toward each
other, at three-fourths’ length with a supero-internal tooth, which appears less obtusely-pointed in profile
than in vertical view, as also does the apex of each appendage itself.
396 SUPPLEMENT.
Legs pale yellowish ; tarsi, most of the first tibie, distal third, of the other tibie and of all the femora,
blackish ; at the proximal third of the femora and of the second and third tibie is a transverse palo
brownish fascia.
Q. Differs from the ¢ as follows: a variable extent of yellow on the external surface of the mandible, in
some a pale anterior line for the whole length of the second antennal joint, thoracic markings yellow
instead of orange, dorsal spots of middle thoracic lobe entirely absent, or represented only by a lateral
posterior yellow dot each side, or by these and a pair of median yellow dots, hind prothoracic lobe with
a median and on each side a single yellow dot, antehumeral stripe present only for the lowest or most
anterior third to fourth of the humeral suture and narrower than in the ¢, a8 is also the mesepimeral
stripe, which in some is slightly interrupted just below its upper end, no transverse spot in front of the
antealar sinus, which itself may be black, black stripe on the second lateral thoracic suture confluent
superiorly with the black of the mesepimeron, dorsum of abdominal segments 2-10 black, 3-7 with a
narrow, transverse, basal, mid-dorsally interrupted, yellow ring, confluent in some with the inferior
lateral yellow which extends from 1-9 except where interrupted at the articulations.
Abdominal appendages half as long as segment 10, straight, conicai, black. Genital valvules hardly attaining
the level of the tips of the appendages, but their “ palps” extend beyond that level. Anterior meso-
thoracic margin with a slender acute process behind each mesostigmal lamina, directed forwards, its tip
curved slightly downward.
3 2. Wings hyaline, arculus distinctly beyond the second antecubital ; nodal sector arising nearest the fifth
postcubital on the front wings, nearest the fourth on the hind; ultra-nodal sector beginning 2-3 cells
proximal to the inner brace-vein of the stigma on the front wings, 1-2 on the hind; superior sector of
the triangle ending in the cell distal to the cross-vein descending from the nodus; postcubitals on the
front wings 10-12, most frequently 10, on the hind wings 10-7, most frequently 9.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 31°5-85°5, 2 28°5-32; hind wing, ¢ 17°5-19°5, 9 19-20°5 mm.
Hab. Guatema.a, Puerto Barrios (Hine, O. S. U.: 3 pairs + 2 3); Honpuras, San
Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 51 3, 34 2).
Mr. Williamson made the following notes on this species at San Pedro, in 1905 :—
“Feb. 27, ¢. In gulch, on dead twigs over water or on vegetation high above water ;
floats or drifts through air.” “Feb. 27, 2. In gulch.” “Feb. 28, 9. go fills
seminal vesicle after capturing 2 ; 2 oviposits, attended by ¢, in floating woody
twigs, usually at broken ends of twigs; ¢ stands upright—neither submerged.
Many pairs congregate about same litter as do some Argias and Enallagmas in States.
In ovipositing, 9 brings apex of abdomen directly under thorax.” |
Protoneura aurantiaca (p. 143).
The description of the superior appendages of the male, anted, page 148, should read: “ which is not recurved
toward the other [sc. superior] appendage.”
4 (a). Protoneura corculum, sp.n. (Tab. X. figg. 41-44.)
d. Eyes in the dried specimens bright red above, greenish or ochreous below. Most of the head and
prothorax dark metallic green, but with some coppery and bronze reflections; labium cream-coloured,
anterior edge of labrum orange, the following pale (blue?): rhinarium, gene, a transverse frontal band
confluent with them, first antennal joint anteriorly, apex of second antennal joint, a spot on each side of
fore prothoracic lobe.
Thorax (exclusive of prothorax) mostly pale blue, a narrow mid-dorsal black stripe widening very gradually
from its upper to its lower end, narrowly confluent at each end with metallic violet- or green-black
which covers all of the mesepimeron and the anterior part of the metepisternum and reaches backward
to the upper end of the second lateral thoracic suture. Each antehumeral pale blue area, at mid-height,
NEUROPTERA. 397
is two-and-one-half to three times as wide as the mid-dorsal black stripe and subequal in width to the
mesepimeral violet- or green-black at the same level. This latter violet- or green-black does not attain
the metastigma, but near the upper end of the site of the obsolete first lateral thoracic suture it encloses
a pale spot, and it is confluent with a fine black line on the second lateral suture. Most of the
metepisternum pale yellow in one specimen.
Abdomen violet-black dorsally, sides and lower surface of segments 1-8 or 10 mostly yellow, confluent with
a very narrow, transverse, basal, mid-dorsally interrupted, yellow ring on 3-7, posterior margins of 7-9
narrowly pale, 9 with a transverse orange stripe each side. Hind margin of 10 with a mid-dorsal notch.
Superior abdominal appendages slightly shorter than segment 10. Inferiors about 24 times as long as the
superiors, in profile view higher in their basal third, curved somewhat toward each other in their distal
two-thirds,
Legs pale brownish-yellow, distal halves of the femora superiorly and much of the first tihie inferiorly,.
blackish.
Hind margin of prothorax convex, entire.
Q. Differs from the ¢ as follows:—Eyes above greenish, perhaps with some lilac; labrum mostly orange,
metallic blue at base; nasus metallic blue, pale colours of the face of the ¢ here yellow, each side of
the middle prothoracic lobe with a pale stripe and inferior margin pale, thoracic dorsum metallic green, a
yellow line on the humeral suture; pale spot enclosed by the mesepimeral metallic green, near the upper
end of the obsolete first lateral suture, reduced to a line; violet-black of abdominal dorsum passing into
metallic green anteriorly ; abdominal appendages slightly shorter than segment 10, conical, simple, apices
of the genital valvules reaching to the level of the hind margin of 10, of the “‘ palps” to beyond the level of
the tips of the appendages; a mesostigmal lamina each side, produced into an external superior angle.
3 2. Wings clear, arculus distal to the second antecubital by more than the length of its own upper limb;
postcubitals, front wings 9-10, hind wings 8.
Dimensions.—Abdomen, ¢ 28-29°5, 9 27; hind wing, ¢ 15°5-16, 9 18 mm.
Hab. Guatemara, Livingston (Williamson, coll. ejusd.: 2 6,1 2).
Mr. Williamson noted of this species, Feb. 18, 1905:—‘“2 ¢ and 1 @ taken.
Abdomen enlarged apically, especially in 2, beginning about middle of segment 6.
Rare among mangroves along stream, emptying into first lagoon of Rio Dulce. Only
four or five seen. Not as alert as species with dorsum of thorax red [= Neoneura
amelia| with which it was associated.” .
This species belongs to that group of Protoneura formed by de Selys (1886) for
P. paucinervis, Selys, and P, exigua (Bates MS.), Selys, of the Amazon. From the
male of paucinervis, the male differs by the yellow enclosed within the mesepimeral
black not confluent with the pale antehumeral area, by the absence of yellow spots
on abdominal segments 2 and 3, and possibly also in the abdominal appendages.
P. exigua is a larger species than P. corculum and has the prothorax orange, no
mesepimeral black, abdominal segments 9 and 10 pale, the inferior appendages of
the male shorter than the superiors, &c.
Protoneura remissa (p. 144). (Tab. X. fig. 45.)
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Los Amates [Deam: 1 ¢ ]; Honpuras,
San Pedro Sula (Wlimsn.: 2 3] (coll. Wlimsn.).
Mr. Williamson made these notes on this species at San Pedro Sula :—* Feb. 26,
1905. On leaf of shrub over dark ravine during rain-storm.” “Feb. 27, 1905. In
gulch, about vegetation, drifts or floats in flight.”
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., November 1907. 8 f
398 SUPPLEMENT.
PROGOMPHUS (p. 148).
Progomphus obscurus borealis (p. 151).
Page 151, line 18, for ‘“ thoracic carina ” read “ thoracic suture.”
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (Calvert, coll.
P. P. €.: 3 3) in Chihuahua.
This species and Erpetogomphus crotalinus were found on sand- or mud-banks,
hardly above water-level, along the sides of an irrigating ditch into which the water
from the baths of Santa Rosalia empties. On alighting on these banks, P. obscurus
borealis held its abdomen slanting upward to form an angle of 45°-60° with the bank,
while Z. crotalinus held it nearly horizontal.
GOMPHOIDES (p. 152).
Gomphoides volsella (p. 156). (Tab. X. fig. 48.)
The new figure is to replace that of ‘Tab. VII. fig. 14.
Gomphoides ambigua (p. 157).
The two males from San Felipe, Guatemala, listed anted, page 157, were received as the final proof was
passing through my hands, when it was not convenient to add certain notes on them which here follow.
They have the dilated margin of abdominal segment 9 much narrower (‘25 mm.), the pale stripes on the
thorax wider (¢. g., maximum width of first antehumeral stripe ‘8--9 mm., of mesepimeral stripe 1:2 mm.),
and the pterostigma shorter (its costal edge on front wings 4°5 mm.) than in the Mexican examples, the
corresponding dimensions in most of which are 1, -3--5, ‘5-9, and 5 mm. However, isolated instances
occur among the Mexican material which approach the conditions found in these two Guatemalan males.
Thus a teneral male from Guadalajara has the pterostigma 4:5 mm., although the dilated margin of
segment 9 is 1 mm. wide. Another Guadalajara male has this dilated margin -6 mm. wide, although in
other respects agreeing with the Mexican specimens. The male from Altamira has the first pale ante-
humeral stripe as wide as in those from San Felipe, but is otherwise like its compatriots.
ERPETOGOMPHUS (p. 159).
The most southern locality for this genus certainly known is now San José in
Costa Rica, as cited below under £. elaps.
Erpetogomphus elaps (p. 163). (Tab. X. figg. 30-34.)
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, San José (Biolley: 1 3).
This additional male has directed my attention to the considerable variation in the
first hamule of males of this species from various localities, illustrated in our figures.
I do not find any other feature varying correlatively.
Erpetogomphus cophias (p. 164). (Tab. X. fig. 47.)
The new figure is to replace that of Tab. VII, fig. 33.
NEUROPTERA. 399
Erpetogomphus crotalinus (p. 165).
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢) in Chihuahua, Las Bocas (Batty, A. M. N. H.: 1 ¢,1 2) in Durango.
For a note on a habit of this species as observed at Santa Rosalia, see under
Progomphus obscurus borealis, antea, page 398.
Erpetogomphus boa (p. 165). (Tab. X. figg. 53, 54.)
Thanks to the kindness of MM. Martin and Severin, I have received two drawings
of the abdominal appendages of the Selysian male type, copies of which form figures
03 & o4 of Tab. X.. A note accompanying this drawing runs: “Les appendices
supérieurs sont cassés.” HE. boa, in the light of these figures and the descriptions,
seems hardly different from E. elaps, and apparently does not belong under AA of
the synopsis, anted, page 160.
Erpetogomphus sipedon (p. 165).
A female in bad condition from Las Bocas in Durango, Mexico (Batty, A. M. N. H.),
seems to be an immature example of form a.
Erpetogomphus designatus (p. 166).
An additional male, from San Pedro, has the dark antehumeral stripe reaching downward to the suture which
separates the mesinfraepisternum from the mesepisternum (in the other specimens cited this stripe does
not reach as far down as this suture), and more distinct and darker markings on abdominal segments
7-10 than have been described previously, viz., 7 with a black spot each side in its posterior half; 8 with
a black stripe each side for almost its whole length, each stripe a little wider in its posterior half than
the mid-dorsal pale area which separates it from its fellow of the opposite side; 9 and 10 each with
a blackish-brown spot in the basal dorsal half, for the full width of 10 where it is bilobed posteriorly,
not quite as wide as 9 where its two posterior lateral angles are prolonged backward and diverge from
each other. In all other respects this specimen seems to be designatus; the differences may be due
to age.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, San Pedro (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.: 1 3)in
Coahuila.
EPIGOMPHUS (p. 169).
Epigomphus subobtusus (p. 172).
To the localities given, add:—GuatemaLa, Cacao (Barber, U.S. N. M.: 2 3) in
Alta Vera Paz; Costa Rica, Tuis (Lankester, A. N. S.: 1 3).
ANAX (p. 175).
Anax junius (p. 177).
To the localities given, add :-—Mxt00, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (Calvert, coll. P. P.C.:
1 ¢) in Chihuahua, San Pedro (Calvert observ.) in Coahuila.
3f 2
400 SUPPLEMENT.
ZESHNA (p. 179).
AEshna cornigera (p. 182).
An additional example, from Aguascalientes, has the green antehumeral stripe 1:0 mm. wide, the mes-
epimeral 15 mm., the metepimeral 1 mm., the last two not emarginate or indented on their anterior
edges and only to a slight degree (at most to one-fifth of the width) on the hind edge of the mesepimeral
stripe near its upper end. The Rio Janeiro male cited anted, page 182, has the antehumeral stripe
1 mm. wide ; mesepimeral stripe 1:7 mm. wide, indented on its anterior edge, at about mid-height, to a
depth equal to two-thirds of its width, while on its posterior edge, just below its upper end, is an
indentation whose depth is one-third of the width of the stripe; the metepimeral stripe is 1-5 mm. wide,
indented on its anterior edge at mid-height to a depth equal to three-fourths of the width of the stripe,
and above this, on the same edge, is another and much shallower indentation. Examples with such
wide and deeply-indented lateral thoracic stripes present a great difference in appearance from those
from Aguascalientes and Colombia (this latter has these stripes nearly as in that from Aguascalientes)
and from the still narrower-banded examples, such as those from Atoyac. I have not- been able to find
any accompanying differences in the genitalia of the second abdominal segment.
To the localities given, add:—MuExico, Aguascalientes City (Calvert, coll. P. P.C.:
1 g ), San Marcos (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.: 3 3,1 2) in Jalisco.
AKshna multicolor (p. 183).
The male from Toluca has the rounded inferior tubercle of the superior appendages at one-fourth their length
(cf. anted, page 180) and the pale stripes on the sides of the thorax about ‘7 mm. wide. The Aguas-
calientes male has these stripes 1 mm. wide. I cannot find any differences in the genitalia of the second
abdominal segment of these two examples, nor in those of a narrow-striped male from Amula and a
wide-striped male from Beulah, New Mexico. In general, and this applies to what has been said anted,
page 183, wide thoracic stripes are associated with larger pale spots on the abdomen and vice versd.
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Aguascalientes City [1 ], Toluca [1 2]
(Calvert, coll. P. P. C.).
The examples of 4. multicolor and of 4. cornigera from Aguascalientes were
taken at the filthy pond on the east side of the railroad tracks, behind the public —
bath-house. At Toluca, on Sept. 19, 1906, multicolor was abundant but wary. |
ishna luteipennis (p. 186).
Males from Chapala and Costa Rica compared with that cited antea, page 187, from Canta Gallo, Brazil,
showed no differences in the genitalia of the second abdominal segment.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Ocotlan and Chapala (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
5 ¢) in Jalisco; Costa Rica, San José (Biolley: 1 3), Juan Vifias (Cary, U.S. NM:
1 ¢).
This handsome species was very abundant around Lake Chapala and in the town of
Chapala, particularly in some streets, between 5 and 6 P.M, on Aug. 30, 1906, when
they were hunting gnats; four of the five specimens taken were caught in the streets,
GYNACANTHA (p. 189).
Gynacantha tibiata (p.194). (Tab. X. fig. 17.) _
The new figure is to replace that of Tab. VIII. fig. 248.
NEUROPTERA. A401
LIBELLULINE (p. 198).
Page 201, third line, insert “ (except in Dythemis maya)” after “ genital hamule not branched.”
PLATHEMIS (p. 205).
Plathemis subornata (p. 205).
Plathemis subornata, Williamson, Ent. News, xvii. p. 351, figg. (ventral plate of abd. seg. 1, 3)
(1906) *.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guzman (Calvert, coll. P. P.C.: 1 3)in
Chihuahua.
Four or five males and one female of this species were seen near the Laguna de
Guzman, often settling on sandy or muddy banks of a small stream (outlet of a spring
into the lake). ‘They were not easily approached and only the one male was taken.
LIBELLULA (p. 206).
Libellula saturata (p. 210).
Page 210, lines 24 and 30, for “ genital hamule ” read “ genital lobe.”
Subspecies saturata type.
The examples from Santa Rosalia have the submedian space, supertriangle and triangle of the hind wings
not darker than the surrounding parts. ;
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Nogales ( Calvert observ.) in Sonora, Chihuahua
City (¢did.), Baios de Santa Rosalia [2 ¢, 1 2] in Chihuahua, Saltillo [1 ¢ ] (Calvert,
coll. P. P. C.) in Coahuila, Las Bocas (Batty, A. M. N. H.: 5 3,1 2) in Durango.
Three examples were seen at Nogales; their flight was very swift and they did not
alight. The Saltillo male was taken in a cornfield situated on the high banks of the
river.
Libellula luctuosa (p. 213).
To the localities given, add :—-MExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢) in Chihuahua.
7. Libellula comanche.
Libellula comanche, Calvert, Ent. News, xviii. p. 201 (1907).
Libellula flavida, Hagen (nec Rambur), Syn. Neur. N. Amer. p. 156 (1861)*; Rep. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Terr. 1872 (Hayden’s), p. 728 (18783) *; ibid. 1873, p..587 (1874) *; Proc. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. xviii. p. 71 (1875) °.
Hab. Unitep States, Montana‘, Yellowstone *4, Ontario! [Snodgrass: 1 3] in
California, Dallas 4, Waco‘*, Round Mt.! [Schaupp: 4 6,4 9] and Pecos River 2 in
Texas.—MeExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia! [Calvert: 2 ¢ ] (colls. A. W.S., P. P. C.)
in Chihuahua.
402 SUPPLEMENT.
This species, which would fall under B in our Key, anted, page 206, may be recognized
by the cream-yellow frons, yellow (3) or yellow to orange (?) labrum, ochraceous
colouring at base of wings not reaching distad as far as the first antecubital and sub-
median cross-vein ; pterostigma with proximal two-thirds cream-yellow (<¢ ), proximal
half ochraceous (¢ ), remainder (¢ 2) blackish-brown; brown at apex of wings of
female reaching proximiad 1:5 mm. or half-way to distal end of stigma; two rows of
cells between short sector and supplementary sector next below on hind wings.
Abdomen, ¢ 32-36, 9 31-34; hind wing, ¢ 37-42°5, ? 40-41 mm. |
URACIS (p. 217).
Uracis imbuta (p. 218).
Uracis sp.?, Needham, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi.t. 50. fig. 2 (venation) (1903).
To the localities given, add :—GuatemaLa, Cacao (Barber, U. S. N. M.: 1 2) in
Alta Vera Paz; Cosra Rica, Jesus Maria [2 ¢,1 9], Rio Machuca [1 ¢, 1 2]
(Biolley, colls. A. N. S., Wilmsn.).
Uracis fastigiata (p. 219).
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Surubres (Biolley, A. NV. S.: 1 ¢).
MICRATHYRIA (p. 220).
Micrathyria didyma (p. 223). |
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Jesus Maria (Biolley, A. N. S.: 1 ¢).
Micrathyria hagenii (p. 225).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd. :
1-2); Costa Rica, Punta Arenas (Biolley, A. V. S.: 1 2).
Mr. Williamson noted that his example was taken “At mouth of gulch, Feb. 27,
1905.”
Micrathyria schumanni (p. 227).
To the localities given, add :—Cosra Rica, Punta Arenas (Peatley, colls. A. N. S.,
Wilmsn.: 1 3,5 2). | |
Micrathyria squalis (p. 228).
To the localities given, add :—Hownpvras, San Pedro Sula (Wiltiamson, coll. ojusd.:
1¢,1 2).
NEUROPTERA.. 403
Micrathyria eximia (p. 230).
I have examined two additional males from Puerto Barrios, Guatemala (Deam, coll.
Wlimsn.).
ORTHEMIS (p. 231).
Orthemis ferruginea (p. 234).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Nogales and Hermosillo in Sonora, Guzman
and Bafios de Santa Rosalia in Chihuahua, Torreon and San Pedro in Coahuila, Aguas-
calientes City (Calvert observ.), Tepic, Ciudad [ Goldsmith: 1 3], San Marcos [ Gold-
smith: 4 g,1 2] in Jalisco, Chichen Itza [Cole: 2 ,1 2] (M. CZ.) in Yucatan. |
At Hermosillo, August 11, 1906, this was the only species of Odonata I could find;
several individuals were flying over the irrigated part of the plaza in front of the
Cathedral. At Guzman, Aug. 7, this species was very active and wary.
Orthemis biolleyi (p. 237).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Rio Machuca (Biolley, A. N. 8.: 1 3).
CANNAPHILA (p. 239).
Cannaphila angustipennis (p. 241).
To the localities given under a, p. 241, add:—Costa Rica, Pozo Azul de Pirris
(Underwood, M.C.Z.: 1 3).
Page 242, line 24, for ‘ The following species” read ‘ The following specimens.”
To the localities given under 4, p. 242, add :—Cosra Rica, Juan Vilas (Merritt Cary,
U.S. N.M.: 13,2 2). |
ANATYA (p. 244).
Anatya normalis (p. 245).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, San Pedro Sula (Williamson, coll. ejusd.:
1 92).
This example was taken “in gulch on dead twig.”
_ ERYTHRODIPLAX (p. 246).
Erythrodiplax funerea (p. 249).
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Colima City (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.: 1 2);
Costa Rica, Juan Vifias (Cary, U.S. N. M.: 1 2 6), Surubres (Biolley, coll. A. N.S.:
16,192,192 0). |
404 SUPPLEMENT.
Erythodiplax umbrata (p. 251).
To the localities given, add:—Cosra Rica, Punta Arenas (Biolley, colls. A. N. 8.,
Wilmsn.: 46,3 2 6).
Erythrodiplax ochracea (p. 255).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Jesus Maria [1 @ ], Punta Arenas {1 3,
1 2 | (Biolley, coll. A. N. S.).
Erythrodiplax connata (p. 259).
Intermediate between b and c (p. 260).
To the localities given, add :-—Cosra Rica, Juan Vifias (Cary, U.S. N. M.: 1 2).
d (p. 260).
To the localities given, add :—Honpuras, Puerto Cortez [Williamson: 1 ¢ ], near
San Pedro Sula [Z. A. Williamson: 1 ¢ ] (coll. Wilmsn.).
Intermediate between d and e (p. 261).
To the localities given, add :—Hownpvras, near San Pedro Sula (L. A. Williamson,
coll. Wilmsn.: 2 3).
e (p. 261).
‘To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Surubres near San Mateo (Biolley, colls.
A. N.S. & Wilimsn.: 2 3).
b! (p. 264).
To the localities given, add ;—Mexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
1 ¢ ) in Chihuahua.
Intermediate between b’ and ¢’ (p. 264).
Hab. Mexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (ti7d.:.1 6).
e' (p. 264).
The two following males have abdominal segments 2-7 of subequal width, 8-10 successively narrower,
abd. 20-20°5, hind wing 22-24 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (76id.: 2 ¢ ).
Intermediate between ec’ and d' (p. 266).
To the localities given, add :—-MExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (id¢d.: 1 ¢ ), Yure-
cuaro in Michoacan (7bid.: 1 ¢).
d’ (p. 266).
‘One of these males, a teneral individual, referred here on account of the extent of the colouring at the bases’
of the wings, has the face, including the frons, greenish-yellow.
NEUROPTERA. 405
To the localities given, add :—Maexico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia (ib¢d.: 2 3,2 2).
The pruinose males of this species, as I saw them flying over a small marsh at Santa
Rosalia, reminded me strongly of Libellula exusta of the eastern United States.
DYTHEMIS (p. 271).
Dythemis velox (p. 272).
To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Jesus Maria [3 ¢ ], Rio Machuca [6 ¢,
2 2] (Biolley, colls. A. N. S., Wilmsn.).
Dythemis maya (p. 275).
The supplementary male has the internal triangle on the front wings 4-celled. The genital hamule of this
species is two-branched, the external branch being very much shorter than the internal, as shown in our
fig. 45, Tab. VIIL., from the type from San Gerénimo.
The female from Tepic has the costal edge of the stigma, front wings, 4 mm. long, thus diminishing the force
of one objection, suggested on page 276, to regarding these males and females as conspecific ; 17 antecubitals
and 11 posteubitals on left front wing, 7-8 marginal cells in the post-triangular field and the internal
triangle 3-celled on both front wings, 11 postcubitals on the hind wings, the increase from 2 to 3 post-
triangular rows on the right hind wing taking place at the level of separation of principal and median
sectors, hind wing 39 mm. long.
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Tepic [1 ¢], Hacienda San Marcos [1 ¢ |
in Jalisco (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.).
Dythemis cannacrioides (p. 276). (Tab. X. fig. 13.)
The new figure is to replace that of Tab. VIII. fig. 43.
BRECHMORHOGA (p. 277).
A new species, B. tepeaca, here recognized, will fall in our synopsis, p. 279, between
C and CC, so that CC should be marked CCC and the following new rubric
introduced :—
CC. Hind wings with 3 rows, followed by 2 rows (3), 3 rows (?) between the
proximal subbasal sector and the wing-margin, &c. (for other details, see the
description, infra) . 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee bepeatca.
Brechmorhoga vivax (p. 280).
To the localities given, add:-—Costa Rica, Surubres near San Mateo (Brology,
A. N.S.: 1 2), Juan Vifias (Cary, U. 8. N. M.: 1 3).
Brechmorhoga precox (p. 281).
Strike out Cuernavaca from the list of localities given, but add :—Hownpuras, near
San Pedro Sula (L. A. Williamson, coll. Wilmsn.: 1 ¢ ).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Neuropt., Lebruary 1908. . —~«8 g
406 SUPPLEMENT.
3 (a). Brechmorhoga tepeaca, sp.n. (Jab. X. figg. 55, 56.)
3. Metallic blue on the superior and anterior surfaces of the frons extending on to the lateral surfaces
superiorly ; labrum yellow or greenish at base, its free margins bordered with black ; lateral labial lobes
with mesial half or less brown to black, remainder cream-yellow; the usual pale green antehumeral,
mesepimeral, and metepimeral stripes on thorax, which, at mid-height, are respectively 3-5, -7—-1, and
‘5—7 mm. wide; longitudinal pale green stripe on abdominal segment 3 confluent at base with the
transverse pale green stripe ; each pale dorsal spot on 7 a little more than half as wide as that half of
the dorsum on which it lies ; genital hamule not so strongly curved, nor so thick at the apex, as that of
vivax, more strongly curved, thicker at the apex, than that of precow, no posterior process on the genital
lobe; hind wings with three rows, followed by two rows, of cells between A, (proximal subbasal sector)
and the hind margin, the change from three to two rows taking place at from 4 to 13 (most frequently
8) cells from the apex of the membranule, counting along the wing-margin. (In wwaxr 3, precow S,
and postlobata ¢ the two rows usually begin at 1-3 cells from the apex of the membranule.)
Q. Differs from the male as follows: metallic blue confined to the superior frontal surface; border of the
labrum narrower, in some brown ‘rather than black but distinct ; hardly any dark colouring on the
lateral labial lobes ; vulvar lamina bilobed, lobes almost in contact with each other, each lobe twice as
wide as long, rounded at its free extremity ; hind wings with three rows of cells for the entire area
between A, and the hind margin.
Dimensions —Abdomen, 3 35-40°5, 9 36°5-39; hind wing, ¢ 35-38, @ 37-38; width of hind wing at
arculus, § 10-11°5, 9 10°5-11, at nodus, ¢ 95-11, @ 10°5-11°5 mm.
Hab. Mexico, Huatusco [1 ¢ ], Coatepec [Barrett: 1 ¢] and Xico (Calvert: 1 ¢ |
in Vera Cruz, Cuernavaca [ Barrett: 4 6, 39 +1 pair] (colls. Adams, P. P. C.,
Smyth).
The examples for which this new name (that of a native tribe of the same region)
is proposed include those doubtfully referred (anted, p. 282) to “ Intermediates between
precox and mendaz,” the Cuernavaca specimens cited as precox (anted, p. 282), and a
few others more lately examined. They seem at least as worthy of a distinctive name
as some of the other members of the genus Brechmorhoga, and while they may
ultimately receive that of sallwi, Selys (cf. footnote to page 283, anted), in the present
state of uncertainty as to what sal/@i really is, a new appellation will avoid confusion.
‘The Coatepec example is the type of tepeaca.
Brechmorhoga inequiunguis (p. 286).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Rio Machuca (Brolley, A. WV. S.: 1 2).
MACROTHEMIS (p. 288).
Macrothemis pseudimitans (p. 290).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood,
M.C.Z.: 1).
Macrothemis hemichlora (p. 290).
To the localities given, add :—-Costa Rica, Rio Machuca (Biolley, A. N. S.: 1 ¢).
NEUROPTERA. 407
Macrothemis inacuta (p. 291).
To the localities given, add:—Costa Rica, Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood,
M.C.Z.: 4 8).
MIATHYRIA (p. 298).
Miathyria marcella (p. 294).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Ocotlan in Jalisco (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
22).
Very abundant at this locality over a swamp, August 29, 1906, but not easily taken.
PANTALA (p. 307).
Pantala flavescens (p. 307).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Guzman (Calvert observ.) in Chihuahua, San
Pedro [1 2] and Saltillo [1 ¢ ] in Coahuila, Ocotlan [1 2] (coll. P. P. C.) and San
Marcos (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.: 2 3) in Jalisco, Toluca (Calvert observ.) ; Costa Rica,
Pozo Azul de Pirris (Underwood, M. C. Z.: 1 ¢).
At Guzman, August 7, 1906, a female was observed ovipositing, dipping her abdomen
only a few times at each place, then flying to another; no male was near. At Saltillo,
Sept. 22, in the afternoon, P. flavescens and P. hymenea were flying and alighting in
the same field near the railroad tracks and not far from the “ Panteon”: when flushed
P. flavescens would fly around very swiftly, with frequent changes of direction,
gradually decreasing the area of flight and encircling a tuft or clump of grasses or low
plants, upon one of which it would eventually settle; alighting upon a grass- or plant-
stem, it would remain upon it only an instant, again take wing, fly around in an
approximate circle for a few instants and again alight on or near the same stem ; this
performance was sometimes repeated several times, while I stood still, until eventually
the insect remained motionless, as if at last satisfied with its situation (gf. note on
P. hymenea). |
Pantala hymenza (p. 309).
To the localities given, add:—Mexico, Saltillo in Coahuila (Calvert, coll. P,P. .:
13,12).
This species, when flushed in the field at Saltillo above-mentioned, would finally
alight on poplar trees, ten to fifteen feet (3-0 metres) high, planted at regular intervals
through the field, thus in contrast to the lower stations assumed by P. flavescens,
8g 2
408 SUPPLEMENT.
PERITHEMIS (p. 309).
Perithemis domitia, form intensa (p. 311).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Nogales [2 ¢ ] in Sonora, Yurecuaro [3 ¢,
6 2] in Michoacan, Ocotlan [2 ¢] (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.) and San Marcos [ Gold-
smith: 5 & ] in Jalisco, Chichen Itza [Cole: 8 ¢ ] (M. C. Z) in Yucatan.
Intermediates between intensa and other forms.
Two other males from Ocotlan (ibtd.): one has the discoidal triangle on the left
hind wing free, the other has both hind wings with the discoidal triangle free and five
antecubitals; otherwise both individuals have the venation of intensa as given anted,
p. 310. Another male from San Marcos has the following exceptions to the venation
of intensa: discoidal triangle on left hind wing free, five antecubitals on both hind
rings.
Perithemis domitia, form iris (p. 313).
Venation as given under i., 1. c. Of the following two males from Presidio, one has the front wings with the
discoidal triangles free, internal triangles two-celled, all wings with a brown spot at the distal angle of
the discoidal triangle and one at the oblique vein (of Comstock and Needham), larger and more intense
on the hind pair; the other has front wings with both discoidal and internal triangles 2-celled, and the
above-mentioned spots represented only by minute traces of brown. The San Marcos example has no
.. dark spots on the wings.
To the localities given, add:—Muxico, Presidio in Vera Cruz (Barrett, coll.
E. A. Smythe, Jr.: 2 3), San Marcos in Jalisco (Goldsmith, M. C. Z.: 1 3).
This San Marcos example presents another puzzle in the geographical distribution
of Perithemis. |
Venation as given under ii. p. 314.
‘To the localities given, add :—Costa Rica, Rio Machuca (Biolley, A. N. 8.: 1 3 ).
- Perithemis domitia, form tenera (p. 316).
In three of the eight females from San Pedro there is a faint yellow hind marginal band on the hind wings
from the transverse nodal band to the apex. All four males have a brown spot at the distal angle of
each discoidal triangle. Dimensions of the San Pedro examples: abdomen, ¢ 14°5-15, 9 11°5-14°5 ;
hind wing, ¢ 19, 2 185-20 mm.
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, San Pedro in Coahuila (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.:
43,82).
a SYMPETRUM (p. 320).
Sympetrum corruptum (p. 323).
To the localities given, add :—Mexico, Nogales [1 é | in Sonora, Guzman llg,1¢]
in Chihuahua, San Pedro [1 ¢ ], in Coahuila, Aguascalientes City [1 ¢ ], Ocotlan [1 ¢ ]
(Caluert, coll. P. P. C.) in Jalisco.
This was the most abundant Libelluline at Nogales, August 12. At Guzman a pair
were observed ovipositing together.
NEUROPTERA. 409
| ERYTHEMIS (p. 329).
Erythemis simplicicollis, race collocata (p. 332).
A young male from Santa Rosalia, with the abdominal segments 4-9 characteristically marked and a transverse
brown frontal band, has the additional black thoracic lines described anted, page 331, for the second
Altamira male of simplicicollis type. The female from Santa Rosalia has a pale brown frontal band.
To the localities given, add :—MeExico, Bafios de Santa Rosalia [1 pair + 5 ¢ | in
Chihuahua, San Pedro in Coahuila [1 ¢ | (Calvert, coll. P. P. C.).
Abundant at Santa Rosalia over a small marsh. A female of the same form, or of
simplicicollis type, was observed ovipositing at Guzman, in Chihuahua, but not taken.
The following genus and species have still to be added to the Central-American
list :—
PERILESTES (to precede the genus Hyponeura, p. 65).
Perilestes, Hagen, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) xiv. p. 31 (1862)'; Selys, Mém. Couron. Acad. Belg.
XXXvill. p. 66 (1886) *; Kirby, Cat. Odon. p. 124 (1890) °.
This genus would fall under the legion Agrion of our Synopsis, page 51, anted,
owing to the absence of supplementary sectors. It appears to be related to Heteragrion,
however, as de Selys remarks ?, by the subnodal and nodal sectors arising farther from
the nodus than from the pterostigma. Two other characters render this genus easy of
recognition: the median sector arises at, or a little distal to, the first postcubital; the
posterior distal angle of the quadrilateral touches the hind margin on all the wings.
1. Perilestes fragilis ?
Perilestes fragilis, Hagen, l. c. p. 82 (1862)'; ? Selys, /. c. p. 67 (1886) *.
The Costa Rican example differs from the single male described * in that the postbasal transverse yellow band,
present on abdominal segments 4-7, is absent on 3. It has 13 postcubitals (14 on right hind wing),
ultra-nodal sector arising at the 12th (13th on right hind wing), pterostigma surmounting a little more
than one cell, wings petioled to only a little farther distad than the level of the proximal end of the
quadrilateral ; anterior side of quadrilateral 3 as long as posterior side, 3 (front wings) or 4 (hind) times
as long as the proximal side; submedian cross-vein between the levels of the two antecubitals, but much
nearer to that of the first; nodus at one-third way from base of wing to stigma. (Cf.1.) Appendages
much distorted. Abd. 48, hind wing 23 mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Surubres (Biolley, A. NV. S.: limmature ¢ ).—Gutana, Essequibo!;
Brazit, Congonhas !, Pebas ?, Teffe 2, S. Paulo”.
The final decision on the question raised by de Selys? as to the specific identity of
the specimens described in 18621 and 1886 ? will affect the name of this Costa Rican
example also.
410 SUPPLEMENT.
EPIGOMPHUS (pp. 169, 399).
2(a). Epigomphus verticicornis, sp. n.
¢. Superior appendages subequal in length to segment 10, each one, in dorsal view, having the inner edge
2.
concave, the outer convex but not angulated, apical fourth of the appendage narrower, apex rounded,
obtuse, the inner surface with a tubercle at two-fifths’ length which is smooth and rounded on the
right appendage, but bears a downwardly-directed spine (not visible in profile view) on the left
appendage ; in profile, upper edge almost straight but declining for the proximal two-thirds, declining
still more steeply for the distal third, lower edge concave almost in a semicircle from a short distance
beyond the base to the apex ; the thickness of the appendage, as seen in profile, consequently continually
decreases from base to apex. Inferior appendage reaching to the level of the apices of the superiors,
widely bifid for almost its entire length, branches less divaricate than the superiors, each branch slightly
bifid at tip (seen best in end view), the two divisions subequal, the outer directed laterally outward, the
inner curved upward, no apical tuft of hairs; on the superior surface of the appendage, at the very base
of each branch, is a fairly slender forwardly-curved spine, just to the inner side of, and almost concealed
by, the superior appendage of the same side; right and left edges of inferior appendage subparallel,
interval between the two branches almost U-shaped, distance between their tips less than twice as wide
as the width of either branch at base.
Spines of the antero-inferior row, third femora, increasing in length gradually, at least on the left side;
on the right third femur the distal 7 spines are more abruptly longer than the others, femora blackish
above, paler below. Superior surface of occiput with a well-developed conical tubercle each side, a
larger polished tubercle on each side of the vertex behind each lateral ocellus; lateral ocellus, vertex
tubercle, and occipital tubercle lying in the same straight paramedian line ; anterior surface of each vertex
tubercle sloping upward and backward from the ocellar base, posterior surface almost perpendicular to
the vertex surface. Vulvar lamina half as long as 9, narrowing posteriorly from the base, apical half
bifid. Eleventh segment (‘‘ anal tubercle ”) as long as the appendages, and @ as long as 10; 10 is 2 as
long as 9.
Dimensions.—Abdomen (incl. apps.), ¢ 42, 9 46; hind wing, ¢ 35, 2 39; costal edge of stigma, front
wing, ¢ 3:2, 9 4mm.
Hab. Costa Rica, Tuis (C. H. Lankester, A. N.S.: 1 36,1 2).
These two specimens, communicated by Prof. Biolley, were taken in June, 1907,
and sent enclosed in the same envelope, whence it is concluded they were pairing.
This species falls in the same sections of the synopsis, page 170, anted, as E. quadracies.
The name proposed alludes to the tubercles on the vertex of the female.
INDEX.
[Names in small capitals refer to Families, &c.; those in roman type to the chief reference to each species included in the work ;
those in italics to species incidentally mentioned, synonyms, &c. |
Page
ACANTHAGRION ......+- 115, 882
Acanthagrion .......6005: 101, 120
gracile ........006- 115, 382
— ,raceP lancea ...... 115
, race? minarum.... 116
,raceP edua .. 115, 382
—— ——, var. cuneatum .... 116
, var. quadratum. 115, 382
Acanthagynt 6. cece eeee 189
— NEPVOSA oie ees 193
Adenophlebia .......6.-4. 2,10, 11
AESCANG vee cece eee 179
—— ADDO. Lee 187
QUNENA wi veeerceeves+.s 188
| 177
ANGUSLD Lo. ce eee eee 191
AMAL Looe ccc eee 195
Drevefrons 6... 6c ec ee vee 186
—— constrictd ...... ccc ce eee 185
COTNUGETH wc e eee e eens 182
erythroneura........ 188, 189
CLCUSA.L eee cece cence 186
florida... cee eee 186, 187
Surcifera ...e. eee 183, 184
GUIS wovcccrveevccncees 178
GTACUIS 66. ccc cence 198
RETOS voce cev vv cevevvues 196
INGENS wevscevevvccceves 187
ludetpennis ... 6.6... eee 186
“MACrOMIA 6.2... ea ae. 188
—— multicolor ...........005 183
—— mutata ......-.605- 183, 184
palmatd occ eer eeeee 185
——= PEPPENSE eee cee eaee 188
reticulata . 1.0... scence 178
TUfINE ever eeee eee nees 188
VITENS oc ec cece eee 187
FESHNA woe eee eee eee 179, 400
SESANA cece eens 175, 182
AUNEXA 2.0... eee 188
Page
AEshna adnera oo. eee 182
bonariensis... 0.0... ces 183
brevifrons............-. 186
brevifrons .............. 181
californica... ..... cee eee 183
CUSLOP cee cece eee eee 175
Clepsydra vi ..c cece veeee 185
CONFUSE Voce c cece 188
constricta ........ eee. ee 185
CONSTFICLA 261. ees 180
cornigera .......... 182, 400
COYNIGETA «60. e ce eee 179,188
AUffinis voce cece ccc eeees 183
-—— dugesi ......... eee eee 184
——— TUYOSE vce ccc ce cueee 180
galapagoensts .......665 183
—-— hEVO8 Lecce eee naee 196
INGENS 2... cess ee ee eee 187
INGENS vee cevccavecaves 18]
JANUATUL viv vccecenvecs 182
——— JURCEA vise e ec eeceveees 185
—— luteipennis ........ 186, 400
—— lutetpennis... cc cceeeeas 181
marchali vo... cece cee 183
—— multicolor.......... 183, 400
—— multicolor ...... 180, 184, 185
PANAMENSIS ...eeecveves 182
—— PeITENS]..... 00.0 e eee 188
PENVONSE oes ececcaceeees 182
punctata vice cc cee eens 182
VITENS fe cece eee eee eee 187
VUPENS. oe cece nee een 182
—— williamsoniana.......... 185
—— williamsoniana .......... 180
FESHNIDH 2. eee eee eee 145
JHSHNINE 2... ee eee 174
AESAMINE oo eee 145
AGRION oo... cece eee eee 65
AGTION weccecceeceres 41,51, 100
AUUNCUM oe cer eee cease 377
Page
Agrion amalia ..........4.4. 354
AMETICANA 6 en 26
——— annerum oo... ee, 109
anomalum ..... keene tee 130
basalts oo. cece ee 26
COM vee ceceaccccncncne 33
CONMUM ove cece ccccees 70
CANAAENSE 1.6... cece eees 110
CAPTEOLUS we eee e eens .» 13)
COVE Lecce e vce cccnceeas j10
—— clandestinum .......45. 131
COCUMN 6 cece teens 12
Credulum o.oo c ccc evans 125
———- CUPVEUM ove ec eees 84, 86
—— cyathigerum .......... » 7108
AefiLUM .o..e cece ee VDH
AEMONSUM woe cece ene ees 128
— denticolle ........00.04. 126
dimidiatum .ovcciccceas 4]
Aiscolor ... cc cece eee 121
CLUTANEUM 6 occ 92
——— filtol oo ccc ccc vnees 118
JUQVESCENS 6... eee eee 121
—— floridum.... 0.0.0 .05 131,182
—— funebre 00... . cece 97
GVACUC .ivericccsveaces ~ 115
hastatum oo. ccc ccs 130
heterodoxum .... 103, 104,121
— » var. flavescens..... . 103
—— immundum wo... c cee, 97
——— NETS voce ccc ccnee “124
—— lacrymans ... 66.0.0 6 0s * 88
—— lugen8 .....iee cece eaee ” 66
——— MOStUM dee cceceees 76
PVA@VATUM coc ccccceccves lil
—— ramburtt ooo cee ceca 124
SQIVUIT oo eee cece veces 119
SAUCIUI . cece ceneeeces 121
SEMUIWIN coe cee eee 78
SENeGalENSE ... ese even 124
412
Page
Agrion tia oo... cence 8l
tuberculatum 6.0.6.0 cee 124
—— venerinotata ..........:. 180
VIOLACEUM woe cevevccneee 98
AGRIONIDE ........0 eee eee 18
AGRIONINE wo. eee eee eee 51
AGViONINE wire cnccncce reves 18
Agrionoptera oo. cc ce ces eenees 197
Miffictlts oes vv eecenes 246
Allorhizucha vo cece cee cecenee 197
AMPHIAGRION ......0.00000- 121
Amphiagrion oo. 0... cceee 102, 103
abbreviatum wivcesceeces 122
AMPRUON vevsccecverees 121
discolor ..... cece reece 122
JUAVESCENS 6... eee ee reeee 108
heterodoxum ...ceceveers 103
SAUCIUM. ..... eee ee ee eee 121
SAUCTUN . vee caee .... 1038, 122
AMPHIPTERYX ...... wees 42, 348
Amphipteryt ccccccrccrccves 19
AQTIOIUES 6... eee eens 42, 348
Ampipteryx agrionides........ 42
ANATYA cece cee eee eeees 244, 403
Anatya ........ 200, 220, 246, 256
anomala......... pete 246
—— guttata ........ eee eee 245
—— guttata ........00., 244, 246
—normalis .......... 245, 403
NOTMAUS seveceeaee 244, 246
——— UNETESI® occ ncees 245
ANAK occ cece cece eee . 175, 899
ANAT Lovee cccc rece reve eeees 174
—— amazili ....... cece e ees 177
—— UMAR vec veccccuccces 176
— JUNIUS ...... eee eee 177, 399
————— FUNTUS vee eerccnveccune 176
longipeS..... sees ee eeuee 176
MACUATUS 66. cece ceeeeee 177
—— walsinghami...,........ 178
WAISINGRAMI . oe ec cevenes 176
ANISAGRION .....00-000- 104, 378
ANUSAGTION coc cecnceernnees 101
—allopterum ........ 105, 378
——— allopterum,......... 106, 379
— , var. ? rubicundum.. 105
—— ——,, var.? rubtcundum .. 378
Ct 106, 379
MIS eee eens 105
—— truncatipenne ...... 106, 378
—— truncatipenne ...... 101, 105
ANISOPTERA cee cece cence 145
ANOMALAGRION ........ 130, 390
Anomalagrion ....0..5.. 102, 181
—— hastatum .......... 180, 390
-—— hastatum wireececvecaes 366
INDEX.
Page
Aphylla vociccccececanes 152, 153
ARCHILESTES .....00 eee 45, 350
CANFOTNICA. 6... seceeee 45, 46
—— grandis.............. 46, 350
GYTANAIS Coe cece ccceecees 45
ARGIA cece cece cece ees 67, 358
Argia .. 65, 68, 69, 75, 81, 376, 883
adamsi......eeee eee 80, 367
—— adamsi....... ... 70, 360, 868
AQTIOIUCS ... cece eer eeee 98
AGTUOUMES ..cveveseras 68, 72,
74, 80, 99, 100
—— ——, var. nahuana...... 99
—- , var. nahuana.... 68, 72,
74, 100
apicalis ....esvees 68, 71, 97
barrett] 6... ....00e we. 87
Barrette weccecceeees 71, 859
calida ........ cesses 10, 61
COA. ve veceevcarece 70
chelata ....... seseeeee. 88
Chelata civscscvaccees 71, 87
COUALA ie csecaveveeveas 83
CUPTED visseceeee ceeeee 17
—— cupraurea ........ .. 85, 371
CUPTAUTEH. 2... 0. ..-. 68,7],
73, 860, 372
—— cuprea........ seeeee 84, 371
CUPTER sevveves .. 68, 71, 78,
78, 86, 360, 872
deami.... cee cee eee eeee 90
CAME Vivvevenenas 68, 71, 74
—— difficilis .......... .. 84, 369
—— difficilts .......... 68, 73, 88,
359, 367, 868, 370
eXtVANeA ..ceeeeeeees 92, 375
CXTLANEA w.ssee 68, 72,73, 74,
98, 94, 95, 144, 360
FSSA Lee eee eee ee eees 89, 874
—— fissa sevsevees. 68, 71, 74, 90
frequentula .........0.- 365
Frequentula ...... .. 308, 360,
863, 364, 366, 371
——— fUMIPENNIS wivveees wees 68
funebris .......0050- 97, 3875
——— funebris.ccccccceeees . 12, 96
GAUMETI. ... ee eee eee eee 363
GAUMETL. coe eces ...- 358, 360
harknessi .......00- 87, 372
harknesst cvevsces 68, 71, 74,
359, 360, 361
herberti....... eee eee eee 82
herbertt . 0... cece eens 7
——immunda .......... 97, 375
immunda .. 68, 72, 74, 95, 98
—— indicatrix .......... 82, 368
Page
Argia indicatrix........ 68, 70, 73,
83, 359, 363, 365
INSUPUTAA 6. cece encase 7
JOCOSA, . cee cece cens ... 71,85
johannella...........04. 370
johannella...... 359, 360, 366
lacrymans ..........6.-- 88
lacryMans ..seeceeee 68, 71,
73, 89, 360
medullaris...........405 3874
medullaris. ....... 71, 92, 360
——— MCEXICANA voce cececveees 81
—— meesta..........006% 76, 361
—— MSTA vse ceceees 66, 68, 70,
73, 98, 358, 360
—- , var. putrida ...... 98
oculata .......-006- 81, 367
~ oculatd wie ceceeee 68, 70, 73,
80, 86, 368, 370
——— HONEA vr eeseseccees 85, 372
QNed ...4.. 68, 71, 73, 86, 860
OPEAta oo cece vceecceces 67
orichalcea ..........006- 86
OTIChAICEA oo. cea 71
percellulata ............ 74
percellulata........ 68, 70, 72
Pipila.............. eee 373
—— pipila... ccc cceveces 359, 360
——— plana... ec ee eeees veseee 96
POCOMANA ........ eee eee 375
POCOMUNA .....eees 359, 360
popoluca .........ee ees 82
POPOLUCd vr ssececee 68, 70, 73
~——— puella coc ccccccvacenes 364
——pulla ............0. 79, 364
pulla ........ 68, 70, 73, 358,
360, 368, 365, 366
——— puUtrida vic ccivccccccers 76
TECIUSE oo cece c cer eeeuee 83
——— TOPETSL oo. cece ee eee eeee 88
————— POYETSE voc cca cceneens 70, 84
—— rhoadsi .............065 92
———— PhOdd8t ve cc eer cvcenees 72
—— sedula ...........0.. 78, 863
—— sedula........ 68, 70, 74, 358
—— talamanca.............. 371
talaMAned... eee ceeeaee 359
———- tarasCaNd...... see. 90, 374
CATASCANA ...00055 68, 71, 74
1308 a: 362
a 358, 360
—— tezpi wr sree eceeeees 77, 362
LEZP vec cvenes 68, 70, 73, 78
——— hESPIS vi cvecerereceees 75
——— 11D1A118 6 es 68, 70, 73
tinctipennis ..++.. veces 8&3
tonto... 68, 71, 73, 89, 359, 360
—— translata
translata .... 68, 70, 73, 78, 86
. 68, 70, 73, 359, 367
—— underwoodi
.. 68, 71, 73, 92, 360
. 68, 72, 73, 74, 860
. pallens .... 98, 376
er
74, 93, 95, 96, 97
—— ——, var
—— ——,, var. muna
Pe ee
ARGIALLAGMA.. cece eee eee 376
—— minutum
Pe
ee
Pe ae
Pr er ee
Pr
Pe ee
CD
Pe ee ee ee
——— fUNETED ec reneees 249
longipenn?S ...4+4+
wane e cece eeees 218
——— un'formis
BRECHMORHOGA ......-.
Brechmorhoga
197, 201, 278,
282, 285, 286, 288, 406
GTeENAdensis ....- 60+ 285
281, 282, 284, 406
—— nubecula .........-.--. 285
—— nubecula
_. 280, 284, 285, 286
BIOL, CENTR.-\MER., Neuropt., February 1908.
—— pertinax
INDEX. 413
Page Page
Brechmorhoga postlobata .... 283 Cannaphila merida .......64. 244
postlobata .......... 279, 406 VIDEX eee cece ce eee eee 243
PreCOX ........00.. 281,405 | ~— viber...... 239, 240, 241, 244
—— precor ........ 279, 280, 282 Celithemis superba ..... seve 214
283, 284, 286, 406 CENTROPTILUM ...c.e.eeee8 14
TAPAX eee c ee eee eee ees 285 CentroptilUum oo ccceresveeveee 7 2
PAPAR veveecas 280, 284, 286 Peace een eee cane 15
sall@t ......0, 283,284,406 | CERATURA ............ 131, 390
——— tepeaca ..... eee eee. 406 Ceratura oo. cece ss cence 102, 120
oT | rr 405 capreola .......... 131, 390
VIVAX of... eee eee 280, 405 capreola oo. eee ee 377, 384
VIVAL ...... 279, 281, 286,406 | CHIROTONETES...........00- 15
VUUYUPES oe eee ec eee 287 | Chirotonetes ............ wave 2
_—— Pee cece eee e ee . 16
I 16
CANIS Loc ee ccc eee cee e ees 12 | CHOROTERPES ............%- 4
CENONEUTA Lecce ener eee eens 137 Choroterpes oi. ceccsecc cece » 2
Calliarcys mexicanus ........ 8 Inornata ...........06 6
CALLIBATIS .....e.ee ee eeeee 15 NETVOSA oe... eee e eee 6
Callibetis.....cceeeee seeeee 2,15 CURYGMA Looe cccccraccaenes 2,16
montanus ........e eee 15 Cloé undata 2.6... 6.68. eee 15
pictus ........... ee eee 15 | CORA oe... ec eee ee eens 43, 34%
Calophlebia wi. cece cece 197 6 cee eee 19
CALOPTERYGINZE .....ec..000. 19 chirripa............ wees 848
Calopterygin@ ......e cannes 18 LA 1 349)
CALOPTERYX .........-000- Al INCA Loe cece ccc ceevevee 384)
Culopteryhl vocecccccccccees 19, 42 ——— marina ...........66. 2 45
a 33 MATING wiceeeeeee 19, 44, 45
CPUCNEALA coc c eee eee 23 MOMESEA. circ cc rvcncvees 34)
dimidiata .............. 4] MUNA vice veceaee Lewes 84)
— luteola ........eeee00n. 93 semiopaca............ .. 45
1: 31 SEMUOPACH C6. cee ee eee 3
tricolor oo... cc cee eee 29 ~—— skinneri..............0. B49
CAMPSURUS ........--.0006. 4 Skinnert... 00. e eee BAB
CAMPSUTUS. 6. cece cece eee 2 | CORDULEGASTER ........... .. 172
Pec ee ee cence wees 4 diadema .............. 73
——cuspidatus ............ 4 | —— godmani .............. 173
decoloratus ............ 4 ——— goUMANt ..e sere eeceeee 174
CANNACRIA ...... see eee eee 324 | CORDULEGASTERINE ....... +, 172
CANNACTIA Joc ccc eee 204, 277 Cordulegasterin@ .........4. . 145
batesii ........-...-0-- 326 Corduline oo cece ccc cccccens 197
batestt .. 6... cece 324, 325 Corypheschna ........65 179, 181
fumipennts oo... cceeeee 326 CL a 188
furcata .......-..-.0 eee 325 ma IMYENS cece eee ec eee 187
—— furcata ........ 204, 824, 326 VIFENS vee cee ceec ences 187
gravida ............---. 327 Crocothemts .. ccc. cece eeaee 247
gravida ........ 2038, 824, 325 CTYthV@A wo .ceeeeeeee oe 247
smithtt ... 2. cece 325 | CYANOGOMPHUS ............ 168
CANNAPHILA.. ee, eee eee 239,403 | Cyanogomphus .......-..+66. 147
Cannaphila ........ 199, 200, 242 (?) tumens ....... ..... 169
angustipennis ...... 241, 403 Cyclophylla .....+seeeee 152, 156
angustipennis ...... 289,240, | -—— elongafa...........0600. 156
242, 243, 244 (ODSCUTA 6. eee cece eee eeee 158
—— ——, subsp. inswlaris. 239, 242 | —— pegasus .......eeseeeeee 152
—— fUnered ... see re revenes 242 proracta ..e..seeee 152, 157
insularts ...... 240, 242, 243 SOrEIAA wc cece sce veccas 157
414
Page
Diastatomma obscurum ...... 160
Diastatops occ cece cece eens 196
Didymops vocvicccsssevcceeee 197
Dineur occ cvccccvccvcacees 19
Diphtebia vicvcvccvceccveees 19
Diplacodes ........44 ».. 220, 247
MINUSCULA 6. cece cs eeees 268
Diplax ..... eens 246, 320, 327
ADJECA wee eeccseeee 2638, 265
AMbUSLA cece ecccceeee 266
bereniwce ...... cee eeeeee . 269
COYTUPIA vececives seeee 823
CTEMUIA . occ cee vccecenes 339
——— FYALEINA vee ce ence ecees 263
——— FUBCO eee cnesceeees 261
OLA oo eee eee 320, 321, 322
— , form gilva ........ 322
— , form virgula ...... 321
JUBEINTANGA 06 cece eens 266
——— MINUECUA Cover eccnee 267
ochracea ...... 255, 258, 268
—— unimacilata ..... 066.60. 258
DYTHEMIS............-- 271, 405
Dythemis ....0...5 sete ee eee 197,
201, 202, 278
—— @Quats ooo ce ceccveees 228
—— amealis ............000. 231
METH vec cece eee nee 225
—— broadwayt.......... 273, 274
—— cannacrioides ...... 276, 405
—— cannacriovides ...... 201, 272
~-—— CONSE UCLA Coe vce cece eee 277
MEvilis vo. cee vee eee aee 229
———_ MiCTOLA vi vevvvvcee 223, 225
—— didyma wo... cceeee 223, 225
———— fUGAL wececcevvenes 272, 276
1 6, 245
hemichlora oo. eee 290
longipennis ........600 341
MAYA... eee eee ee 275, 405
= MAYD occ ees 272, 401
——— MENMAT occ cece ce cece 283
NOUD voce cccnccnvunces 270
= NIT cece ccnccenes 2738
PErbiNAK vie serveceeeee 283
———— PY @OOR voce ec ce eee 281
PUSSALA woe cee eee ee ee 292
TL 283
sterilis ..........4. 278, 274
velox... . ccc cee eee 272, 405
DELOE vee cee iae. 197, 273, 274
a a, VAP RIGTA vee eee 274
» Var, NIgTescens ....
274
—_— , Var. sterilis......6. 273
~—- ——, var. tabida .... 273, 274
INDEX.
Page
ECUYUPUS eee ese neneees 16
Eedonts vic eecc cc cecuveccces 231
helena ii ieccvcccccees 231
ENALLAGMA .........005 107, 379
Enallagma.. 100, 101, 102, 108, 120
(P) aduncum ....cccceees 377
1 112, 381
———— ANNEXUM Lec cevecccee 109
ANtENNALUM .ecceeeseces 101
—— basidens .............. 114
basidens .. 101, 102, 108, 379
—— calverti.............0.. 109
calvertt .....5.. 107, 108, 110
Civile.............. 110, 380
eivile...... 107, 108, 111, 381
coecum ...... wees. 112, 381
CHCUM Lecce cece cece es 108
— , Subsp. nove-hispanie.
381
— cultellatum ............ 381
cultellutum ..ccecceveee 880
cyathigerum............ 108
cyathigerum .... 107,109, 110
, race Pannecum .... 109
AWVAGANS oo. e eee ee aaes 101
—— ei8eBi..... ee eee eee eee 1138
2 108
SJISCRET voc cee wees 101
——— MINUTUM dec ccnes 376
plebeium ........0- 111, 380
preevarum.......... 111, 380
—— prevarum,. 107, 108, 112, 381
semicirculare ...... 112, 381
semicwrculare vo caeeaee 108
EPHEMERELLA..........-04. ll
Ephemerella oo. ccccceeccenes 2
MOVANA eee cer cecseeee 13
EPHEMERIDE ..........000. 1
EPHIDATIA we. ceee ee cee e eee 216
Ephidatia .........4. 199, 205, 217
AMAZONIA Lo. eee 216, 217
CUBDENSIS oo. eee eee 216, 217
longipes ..... Leet ences 216
LONGUPES eee cece neces 217
SPCCULATIS Voce ceceenaes 217
EPIASCHNA ......... 0. eee 196
Eipi@schna oc. ccc ccc veeeees 175
debilts oo. cece e eee eee 196
heros ..... Lee e eee eees 196
EPIGOMPHUS ...... 169, 399, 410
Epigomphus oo... .cccceee 147, 148
camelus......... cece eee 172
CUMELUS Cee ccc eens 170
UAMA Lec vccnvvcceces 148
quadracies ............ 172
quadracies . 170, 171, 410
Page
Epigomphus subobtusus .. 172, 399
subobtusus .... 6... ee ee 171
tumefactus ........ veee 172
—— tumefactus ........000, 171
verticicomis............ 410
Epophthalmia ov cee ecccseeee 197
ERPETOGOMPHUS........ 159, 398
Erpetogomphus ....... 00.005. 147
boa... ee ee eee eee 165, 399
Tr 160, 162, 166
compositus ............ 166
—— compositus.. 159, 160,161, 168
cophias ............ 164, 398
COPNIUAS 66... eee 160, 161
crotalinus .......... 165, 399
CrOtaUNUS......050. 160, 161,
162, 168, 398
designatus ........ 166, 399
designatuS ........ 159, 160,
162, 167, 168
diadophis .............. 167
—— diadophis ...sccereseees 162
—— claps ..........504. 163, 398
——~ claps ......6-.. 160, 161, 399
—— eutainia................ 162
——— CEULAINIA. eee cee 160, 167
—— lineatus ...... 06. e ceca 165
—— menetriesi....... beceaee 168
—— menetriesi .......... 162, 167
—— ophibolus .............. 163
—— ophibolus .......05. 160, 162
—— sipedon....... veeee 165, 899
—— SIMON Lee cnee 161, 162
—— viperinus .............. 163
—— VIperinus .......... 160, 161
ERYTHEMIS ............ 329, 409
Erythemis vice cece ees 204, 282
ANNUOSA oe eee ceccacees 335
attala........ cee eee eee 335
AAA ce cece eee 330
—— bwolor ........ 338, 334, 335
—— collocata .......... 332, 333
——- credula ..........00.00. 339
——— CVEAUIE Cec cece ees 329, 331
—— cubensis ........4. 216, 217
—— fUurcata vec veccvcccscees 325
—— hematogastra .......... 338
—— hematogastra ...... 319, 331
——— longipes . 6... eee eee 216
—— mithra ..... pence eee eee 335
——mithroides ............ 334
—— mithroides ............ 330
peruviana ...........00. 333
peruviana .. 328, 329, 330, 335
—— pleDeja occ veccvvccuee 329
—— rubriventris vocceceeeees 829
Page
Erythemis simplicicollis ...... 331
simplicicollas, .... 60s eees 330,
332, 833
— , subsp. collocata. 382, 409
_—_ , subsp. collocata. 330, 335
Specularts .....seee- 216, 217
verbenata ....... cece eee 336
VETDENALA wor cecceccneee 330
Evythragrion..cccceecees 115, 120
——— filiold veccccnvcccvaces 118
QVUffinit oo ccc cece eens 117
SALVUIN wae e cence 119, 385
FIRYTHRODIPLAX ........ 246, 403
Erythrodiplax ..cccccseweees 201,
225, 247, 327
AFCA ccc ees 265
AMBUSEA. Lo cece cc eees 267
—— basifusca .......005 261, 262
berenice ....... eee ee 268
berenice ...... 246, 247, 248,
249, 269, 270, 271
—— connata............ 259, 404.
CONNALA viveeeeees 247, 249,
256, 258, 265
erichsoni ..........005- 256
erichsont .. 248, 255, 257, 258
Served weosecccvvees 256, 258
fratern@ ..... cee eens 265
funerea ............ 249, 403
fUNETED. Loc eee eee 246, 248,
250, 251, 254
—— fUuSCH veer en cree 246, 247,
256, 257, 261, 262
—— fuscofasciata.......se05s 252
JUSUNA vi vccrvceees +2. 2658
justiniana ...... 259, 266, 267
—--.minuscula...........66. 267
—— minuscula ...... 247, 248, 249
—— montezuma .... 250, 252, 253
—— NEVA... 26 249, 269, 270, 271
——— ochracea .....+..0- 255, 404
—— ochracea ...ceceee 247, 248,
256, 258, 262
pleDerd veererereceeenes 246
——. pulld oo. .eceee. 257, 258, 262
SUPCTDA oc cerecereceene 214
—— umbrata ........5- 251, 404
——. umbrata wisseeeees 246, 248,
250, 252, 254
——— unimaculata.,.......... 258
——.unimaculata cisseseees 248,
249, 255, 257
Euphaa paulind cicsvreseves 136
FEUTHYPLOCIA ..eeeee eee reese OD
Euthyploctia ...ee cece eeeeeee 2
—— hecuba ...-.seeeeeceeee 2
INDEX.
Page
Gen? cicncccvccccceeveecs 2,10
GOMPHINAD we. esc e eee eee ee 146
Gomphine ...... cece newness .. 145
GOMPHOIDES ........05 152, 398
Gomphoides ........000% 146, 153
ambigua .......... 157, 398
AMOUGUA wececceaes 152, 154,
155, 158, 159
—— (P) annectens ........6. 152
appendiculata ... eee 159
—— bifasciata ...........00, 159
—— bifasciata ........5. 155, 156
elongata ........ beens 156
Clonal. ce cevcseces 154, 155
—— obscura..... ee ceeeeeee 158
ODSCUTA Loc ce cece cence 156
pacificad ...... te eeecenes 158
POVfidA vocceveccccnares 158
producta ., 154, 155, 156, 158
protracta ..... cee ee eee 157
POETACHA cevseveres 154, 155
sordida .......6° eee eee 158
SLIGMALA ve escsecee 155, 156
—— SUBSA eee c cree eeeeee 158
SUAS ce vevceceees 153, 154,
155, 156, 159
153, 154, 155
pacifica....
— y race pacifica ...... 158
LENUIS. Lo asec ce vnces 154, 156
volsella ........006- 156, 898
—— volsella ..... 0. ee 146, 154
Gomphomacromia .......66+4- 197
Gomphus wecsecccsvecevcaee 147
A a 165
—— COMPOSILUS . ee eer eaee 166
COPRIAS 66. eee eee ees 164
—— crotalinus 6.6.0.0 00 165, 168
Designatus oo... sercrveee 166
CLADE wo cee eees beeen 165
——— MENEMTIESTL. cece neeees 168
GYNACANTHA ..ece veer 189, 400
Grynacantha ..cseseevuee 175, 191.
——— fide eens 193
00) 191
sfAlCO vec eecnccrnvcceeee 194
GTACUIS Lv eee cree eens 198
—— membranalis........:... 194
membranalts .....645 190, 195
—— Mexicana ...........66- 192
MEVUCONA vivcecsseras .. 190
NETVOSA seve ee rec eeeeees 193
—— NETVUSA ove eens 189, 190, 194
- PObUSEA «6.66. sec ee wees 193
septima ......e.. eee wee 191
BEPELMA voc evceecceceees 190
tibiata we... eee eee 194, 400
Page
Gynacantha tibiata ........ .. 190
trifida .. ccs eee eee 191
UPUfida veacavees ... 189, 193
Hemicordulia ....cccccecevees 197
Hemiphlebia .....ccecceee . 185
Herpetogomphus vecsaveccees 159
COMPOSUS ..ceeceaee .. 166
—— CrotALINUS Lecce ee eveces 165
—— designatus ......cceceees 166
——— EMIS Lee cence evens ,.. 168
—— menetriesid we .ceveccees 168
———— UIPETINUS Lec veeeees .. 163
UUYPIUTINUS vac ceneeees 166
HESPERAGRION ...... .. 108, 377
Hesperagrion......6.++54 Ol, L21
heterodoxum ..... . 103, 377
HETARINA oo... cee ee eens 19, 342
Heterina...... 20,26, 41, 348, 347
americana ........-- 26, 345
americana ........ 21, 22, 23,
25, 27, 28, 29, 342, 344.
ASLICEA Cec ec cece 34, 35, 36
GQUITPENTUS 6c cece .- 20
Basalis wo. ccc cece eeeee 26
bipartua 6... cece eae 31, 32
-—, brightwelli....ceceeee. »» 20
eR 33
——— CUOJM verse eeeee 20, 21, 22, 25
—— californica. icc cvcccenes 26
—— capitalis .........065 37, 347
—— capitalis .......eeeee 21, 22,
23, 38, 89, 342
——— CAINUfFET ve creervene ree 20
———— cruentata .......... 23, 343
—— cruentata ........ 21, 22, 24,
25, 26, 342, 347, 348
dominula ......eceeee 20, 34
Aupler vecvcccceecssees 20
—— fuscoguttata ........ 23, 343
—-— fuscoyguttata...... 20, 22,342
rr 20
heterosticta 6.50 34, 35, 36
infecta........eeeeee 38, 348
—— infecta ........ 22, 23, 39, 40
——— ESA cri cccccccvnnes 20
Limbata vo vsecevecee wee. 80
Vineata oo... ce ceccceveees 24
- LONGUPES vere eeveeevnnes 20
—— luteola ...... cece ae 23, 24
—— macropus .......... 34, 346
—— macropus...... 21, 23, 29, 20,
32, 35, 36, 87, 345, 347
——., var. asticta .... 35, 346
——, var. heterosticta,. 30, 85
Sh?
416
Page
Heterina macropus, var. sublimbata,
34
— , var. sublembata .... 21,
23, 35, 36
majuscula .......... 38, 348
MOTUS ...... 20, 22, 23, 37
MAXIMA... ee eee eee 41
MOLIMA. oc cece cece 22,23
——— miniata ............ 37, 346
——— minrata ...... 21, 22, 23, 843
—— mortbunda... occ cece 20
OCCISA . 66... 31, 34, 35, 36, 37
——' » Var. asticta........ 34
eee
, var. heferosticta.... 84
, Var. sublimbata .... 34
—— pilula wo... . eee eee. 33
—— pulult oo eee ceecees 21, 22, 34
TOSCO occ ce cece eens 20, 34
——— rudi8 2... eee eee 40
TUS ce 22,238, 41
——— SONGUINEA ... cece eee 20
——— sanguinolenta .......... 20
———~ seelerata vec cece eee, 26
——— BeINPrONA.. 6... eee 29
———"SPMPTONIA 6... 6.0 21, 22, 28
—— stmple’ occ 20
—— sublimlata ........ 34, 36, 37
POMONA eee 26
—— fitla cc. ee 31, 345
MA eee 21, 22, 23,
32, 33, 37, 342
—— , race P bipartita .... 31
tolteca...........00. 40, 348
—— tolteca .......... 22, 23, 343
—— tricolor ............ 29, 345
tricolor .. 21, 28, 30, 82, 37, 38
-~—— vulnerata .......... 24, 345
—— vulnerata.... 21, 22, 28, 25, 26
HETFRAGRION .......... 62, 357
Heteragrion ...... 58, 64, 134, 409
@quatoriale ........ eae 63
—— chrysops ............ 68, 857
Chrysops 6.0... 0.05 62, 64, 65
erythrogastrum ...... 65, 857
— erythrogastvum........ 62, 64
MAJUS Lo. cece eee eee aee 63
MOJUS so cer caveaeccees 62, 64
—— tricellulare.......... 63, 357
-—— tricellulare .......... 62, 64
HEXAGENIA 20... eee cece eee 5
Hevagenta sc. ce eececcivnces 2
Aecoloratd .. cc ceeeceeeas 4
MEXICANA ....e0.. eee eee 5
FTolotanta voce ccc eee eas 206
HOMGONEURIA ............ 3
FHomeeoneurta eee cece 2
INDEX.
Page
Homeeoneuria salvinisa .,.... 3
Hoploneschna .. 6. . ceas 195
APMALG oo cc cece eee 195
HYPONEURA ..........4- 65, 358
Hyponeura ......00, 88, 376, 409
funcki .............00- 67
FUNCKL occ cece ca ceeeee 66
lugens...........04. 66, 358
Tschnosoma ve vsvcscvccuvees 122
ISCHNURA .........0000. 122, 387
Ischnura ...... 102, 108, 129, 130,
13], 187, 377, 382, 884
cervula....... eee en eee 128
——— CETTUD Cc en 102, 122,
123, 124, 126
CVeduUld wi vcecccccccaees 128
damula ..... 0.0... ce eee 126
GaMuUla voc canccecee 122, 124
kA 180
demorsa .......... 128, 390
demorsa.... 100, 128, 129, 889
denticollis ........ 126, 387
denticollis ...... 100, 122, 123
CVTALICH oe cae cees seee. 102
——- exstriata vee eae 126, 127
——- INUTFMALA Loc ccvcccvaces 102
kellicottt vo. ccc ce eens 102
—— perparva .............. 130
perparva ...... 123, 128, 129
—— ramburi............ 124, 387
—— ramburt oe cece 122, 128,
125, 126, 127, 388
—— ——, var. credula .. 125, 387
—_—- , var. credula .. 122, 123,
126, 127, 888
senegalensis ........ 124, 125
verticalts ., 126, 129, 130, 392
Karschia wc ccc cece ce ceeae 189
LACHLANIA 2... cee eee ee eens . 2
lucida ......... 00.0 eee 3
Ladona vevccccccccccuvcuves 206
Lathrecista (?) diffictlts ...... 246
Leptetrum oocccccccccccuvces 206
ANGUSLIPENNIS ....00e .. 241
METUMD oor cc ccvcccreees 243
—— nodistictum .........46. 213
0 243
LEPTHEMIS ........0 0000s 339
Lepthemis ......06.. 204, 298, 329
— cardinalis...... 298, 318, 319
Page
Lepthemis gravida. ....ccceees 327
hematogastra ........6- 328
UEPDENATA voc cceeaccnce 336
vesiculosa .......... eee 339
LEPTOBASIS ..........4. 120, 385
Leptubasis ..ccecevceees 102, 886
AMUNCH ove ce cece eee 377
AUCEVAS vec cece uc eees 120, 386
MACHOGUSEIA wee cececeees 120
vacillans .......... 120, 885
vacilans ...... 100, 121, 886
— , var. atrodorsum.... 121
LEPTOHYPHES .............. 12
Leptohyphes...cccevcvcceees 2,13
brevissimus ..........-. 12
Leptophlebia iccvec ee ceeee 5, 10
LESTES wo... cee ee ee eee 47, 350
BLestes oo ccc cece eee eees 45, 48
alacer .......00ce ees 48, 350
~—— Alacer eee ceca evaee 47,49
COPULALA eee eee enee dl
Sascvatus ....e.eeee were AD
——— fOVCIPALUS . ore ceveveuns 49
forficula ............ 50, 352
Sorficula vicccccvcceees 48
grandis ...... ran 46
henshawi .............. 350
——— PUUINA Lovee ecc neues 126
—— sigma .............. 49, 351
——— SU MA occ cveccces 47, 48, 50
—— simplex .............065 49
—— simpleX vo. sececeees 47, 351
—— SPUMAPIUS .. eee ee eee 50
tenuatus ........... , 60, 352
CENUAEUS 2. ee eee e eee 48
unguiculutus ........0. 50
LESTINE 1.0... ee eee 45
LetNE coc vcccccccnevaceees 13
LIBELLULA ............ 206, 401
Libellula oo... 198, 205, 209, 210
abdominalis ............ 304
—— abjecta oo... eee 205
—- ACU deen 339
—— angustipennis ...... 24], 242
—— annulata oo... ee cea 335
AUNUIOSA oe eee enecee . 335
CE AL: a 335
—— attenuata ..........006. 234
auripennis ............ 208
QUripennis ......... 206, 210
RL 214
basalts .... 213,301, 302, 304
Berenice oe eee e ec caee 269
~ bicolor occ ce weees 383
—— C@PUIENE eee 331
CE 33
Labellula cardinalis
Pr
re 2
ee
re
COMMUNES vo ccc ceeennees 2965
Cer ee ee
Ce ee
rr
ee
beceeees 234, 247
Ce
—- flavida .
Pee er ee ee eee eres
Cr
ee
—— hematogastra
——- herculea
wee ee ee ee renee
Ce
Pe eo
Pr
eee re eer eee eee
rr
Ce ee
re
rr
Pr ee
luctuosa ........... 218, ¢
Pe ee
METUA vicccccvcucveeves 2
rr
INDEX.
Page
Libellula nubecula 6.6... .0065 285
—— ODM vec c ce cece 261
OCATACER occ cece eee 255
OMIOSA. ee ce cece eee 214
PAUUNA occ ccc cer eee 186
PCVUVIANEA Woe ccc ceeee 333
—— phryne wo... cece 923, 231
—— pull cove cre cccccees 258
quadrimacula'a 206, 207
PUDPIVENETIS Weve ce eees 333
——— ruradlis cic cee ccc eens 251
——— SUDINA vececececceveene 232
—— saturata .......... 210, 401
—— saturata .. 207, 211, 212, 292
—— stmnpled .. 6... eevee 295
——~ simplicrcollis oo. eee 331
SOLU ce ec eee eee 341
—— subfusciata ..... be ceeee 251
SUPETOE Loc ccc ccceecnce 215
2 316
tenuicincla ........ 315, 316
tesselluta .......... 278,274
CUECA ec eevee reve ceees 31
CVIPArtttd vic cevevcceees 251
—— UMBPALA ccc ce eu nns 251
—— UNUfASCIALA Lic ceceeeees 251
——— UNUFOTINS ov vee ecceveces 212
—— unimaculata........ 256, 258
——— VESICUIUSA Lecce ees 339
—— VIDE eee cn ce reees 243
VEONGUIA Lecce cece ee eeee 323
LIBELLULID@ .......6.-0 es 196
LIBELLULINE .......06. 198, 401
Dibelluline oe ccve cc ccvnaee 197
Macromia ....6+06-- 197, 198, 282
CUDENSIS vee weer eeeee 216
MAGNUIED over evveeee 197
MacCROTHEMIS .......... 288, 406
Macrothemis ......+.45. 197, 202,
977, 278, 283, 286, 292
—— catharina .......+.+- 285, 286
—— didyma ...ceeeee cence ees 229
hemichlora ........ 290, 406
hemichlora see ee ceees 288
——— UMULANS ove cence e eee 290
——— inacut® ......60. eee 291, 407
——— INACUA Leer n eres 289
—~ inequiunguis .. 118,278, 286
——~ MUSIVA .. 6. eee eee ee 289
——— MUSTIVE vcr vcccvcnvvens 288
—— pseudimitans ...... 290, 406
pseudimitans ...-.-.+6. 288
——— PUMUA voce ee receveees 289
VUIGTPES vee reerreveeee 287
ALT
Page
MECISTOGASTER ...--.-- 55, 353
Mecistogaster ...... 0. ees 51, 53
amalia ...... eee eee eee 354
—— filiformis 0.0.0... 6 eee 384
iphigenta .......055 57, 354
leucosttyMad 1.0... eens 354
Uinearis . 2.6 cee ce eee 354
—— lucretia oo eines 354
—— modestus .......... 56, 354
-—— modestus .........54. 5d, 57
——oornatus ............ 55, 353
—— VIN GAtUS cece eee 304
MEGALOPREPUS........-- 51, 352
Megaloprepus ...... eee eaee 53
cerulatus .......... 51, 352
—— coerulatus ... 0.6. cee 53
—— ceruleutus... 0.066 52
Latipennis 6... cece ceeee 52
Mesothemis ........ 220,320,329
annulata .............. 335
—— Attala vo crews eevee 300
——— collocata cceeees 332
connata .......... 264, 265
COPPUPLA Lovee ener eeeee 323
CVEAUIA Coc c cence eee 339
gundlachti 66... eevee 331
Ulota cece veces 320, 821
longtpennts .... cece ees 341
= MUERTA Loic cece nees 335
mitthroides oe. cece vane 334
POOUt voce ccc reece eeees 223
—— stimplicicollis........ 331, 332
—- , var, collocata ...... 332
VEVDENAEA Loe cece eens 336
METALEPTOBASIS ......-4-. 3886
bovilla ..........0 0. ee 386
MIATHYRIA .....---e00. 298, 407
Miathyr ta oo. ccc cee c ne enees 202
——-marcella .......... 294, 407
—— marcella ....ecsseneees 296
——— ppustlla vivre cenrcrseves 296
—— simplex... 0... .cceeeeee 295
simplet oo. .e cece ees 294, 296
MICRATHYRIA ....0.-00- 220, 402
Micrathyria .... 199, 200, 221, 231
wegualis ..... eee eee 228, 402
———_ @Qualts ...ceveveaes 228, 224
——— ALTA ere ee eeeeenee .. 225
—— ALTA veces aces veee 221
——— Derenice.....e. eevee 269, 270
debilis ........ ee eee ee . 229
evils vie cvcavcsececcs 223
—— didyma ............ 228, 402
—— didyma .... 221, 224, 227, 229
— hypodidyma ..... . 224
Cissocians ........e0008 . 226
418
Page
Micrathyria dissocians........ 222
eXIMIA ......-2000- 230, 403
CLIMIA viccccevcesvenes 223
hagenil ........6... 225, 402
AAGENU wo ceceecces 222, 226
—— hypodidyma ........ eee 229
ocellata ...... 0. eee eee ee 226
OCEMUEA oo vec c cee ceeees 229
schumanni ........ 227, 402
SCRUMANNE sesceeeceeee 223
SCPTIMA . 6.4.06 224, 228, 229
Micronympha ...cscecece cee 122
Misagria funerea ........ 241, 242
Nannophya .eccccesccevcees 197
AUDA oe cece eens 230
UETINS Lovee ecccerecces LOO
PRIYNE cov ccerccecceees 231
Nannothemts .... 60. c wees 197
PRPYNE Civcesvccnvveces 231
PVOdUa vive ceceeeeeeee 230
Nasi@schn@ ....ccc cece eens 196
Nehalennia (?) denticollis...... 126
VAIS ccc cece ceca eens 106
BPCCIOSA voces eeeeeceees 107
Neocystd vec ccceccccceceees 232
QEECNUAE voce iccccnees 232
NEONEURA ............ 137, 392
NCONCUTA Lecce eevee ceecneee 133
aaroni ow... eee eee 139, 394
AGVONE weve cccecees 187, 892
—— amelia .....,...... 188, 3938
amelia .... 187,139, 892, 397
CAFNALICA oo. cee cee eee 133
palustris we. .eeeeee 132, 133
—— PAVE oo eee cece ee cece 393
PAYE iccccccvercneenes 392
walthert vee svscvecceee 139
NCONUIUS cece cece nee e eens 137
Neothemts vo. ccceccveceecees 230
flavifrons . 6... eee eee 230
N&EPHEPELTIA ...........44. 230
Nephepeltia ........ 199, 200, 231
SIAVIZPONS 6... cece ee ees 230
—— phryne ........... eevee 231
——— Phryn€ oo cceccccccees .. 230
QDONATA co.cc cece e cece 17
Onychogomphus uncutus ...... 164
Ophiogomphus ......0 ce cane 147
crotalinus .... 0.6.6. ..-. 165
(?) menetriest? ......0.0. 168
OPLONAESCHNA ..... cee eee uee 195
Oplon@schna ....... 00. sasaes 175
INDEX.
Page
Oploneschna armata ........ 195
Orchithemis ........ eae e eee 197
ORTHEMIS........ Senco 23), 403
Orthemis oo cceceeccenes 200, 232
attenuata ...... 232, 233, 234
—— biolleyi............ 237, 403
btolleyt vce cece eee eee 283
cultriformis ..........4+ 239
cultriformis ........ 238, 234
—— discolor... cc ce eceee 234, 236
ferruginea 6... eee 284, 403
—— ferruginea ........ 212, 232,
233, 237, 238, 254
, subsp. sedphurata .. 233
Slavopicta o. 6 oe e ccc 232
levis ...... cee aeeeecees 238
levis vee eae e eee 233, 239
sulphurata .......eeee 283
Orthetrum oocccccccacccvnces 232
Ortholestes 6c. ccc ceeceeevees 45
Oxygastra ......66. be cee wees 197
PACHYDIPLAX ..... ses cee eee 340
Puchydiplax coc ccccccccccees 205
longipennis ............ 341
longupennis ........ 210, 275
PALUMNEMA...... cece 133, 392
Palemnema ........ 132, 134, 185
angelina .......... 136, 392
angelina ...... 134, 135, 137
——desiderata ............ 135
desiderata ........66 1388, 184
domina ............000- 137
domina ........ 134, 135, 392
nathalia .........-.06. 136
nathalia 184, 185, 137, 392
paulina ............0080, 136
paulina........ 133, 134, 135
S 392
Paleosynthemis ........ 196, 199
Palingenia decolorata ........ 4
hecuba wi.cecccc ecw eee 3
PALTOTHEMIS cece eee aeee 292
Paltothemis ...ccc.ccee 197, 202
lineatipes ........-..... 292
Uineatipes ....scssceeuee 197
PANTALA ..... eee eee 307, 407
Pantala occ cece cae eee eee 203
flavescens .......... 307, 407
havescen8 0... 6005 215, 309
—— hymenea .......... 309, 407
AYMENA vovcvsccccvves 307
Pantalia hymenea ......606. 309
PARAPHLEBIA.......0000 59, 355
Paraphiebia...... Late eee 58, 134
t=]
Paraphlebia abrogata ........ 3655
duodecima .......... 60, 355
—— duodectma ........5- 59, 184
——. hyalina ............66- . G61
—— hyalina ......., 59, 134, 355
quinta ..... cece eee eee 60
Quinta s.eveaee 59, 134, 355
LOC sc ever cree cterceces 60
zoe .... 59, 61, 183, 134, 355
Pentala flavescens .......6.44- 307
PERILESTES 20... cece ee eeees 409
fragilis ... 0... eee eee eee 409
PERITHEMIS ,........... 309, 408
Perithemis...... 203, 205, 312, 316
CLOG vec v ccc ccvnvcees .. 317
domitia.......... Se eeee 310
Aomitia vevvcaevee 311, 312,
313, 314, 316
—— ——.,, form domitia ...... 312
, form domitia .. 310, 311
, var. californica .... 811
iris.... 814, 315, 316, 317, 318
— , form intensa .. 311, 408
—— ——, form intensa ...... 310
— , form iris...... 818, 408
—— ——, form iris . 810, 311
—. , form mooma ...... 314
— , form mooma ...... 311
— BPMINOIE ...seeeeee 316
—— ——,, form tenera .. 316, 408
— , form tenera .. 311,316
—— teteroptera .sssceeveees 312
—— intensa ........ 311, 312, 317
mooma .... 312,314, 316, 317
tenera .... 312, 314, 317, 318
Petalurin® cc ceccccccecccves 145
PHILOGENIA 2... ee eee . 61, 355
Philogenta .......... 58, 134, 357
carrillica ..........00.. 356
CASSANATA 6... cece eee 61, 62
—— championi.............. 61
helena viccccsvccees ... 185
terraba ... 1... ee eee eee 356
Platetrum depressum........4. 198
PLATHEMIS ............ 205, 401
Plauthemis ..... bee c cece eeees 198
i a 205, 206
subornata .......... 205, 401
SUDOTNALD . 6... cee ce eee 206
— triimaculata ...... ceca ee 206
PLATYPLAX ..... eee ewes 327
Platyplat woccevecceveee 203, 204
CVYERTOPYGA «sc ceerveeee 828
sanguiniventiiS ........ 327
sanguiniventris.. 328, 329, 334
Platysticta awmeulata ........ 132
Page
PODAGRION ....... eee ee ees 58
POMAGTION Coe ccc cc cee eens 51
Do) 55
PROGOMPHUS ......008- 148, 398
Progomphus voce cccveveveees 146
borealis ........0055 150, 151
——.clendoni .............. 150
—— clendont ..veccsseveee 149
———. CoOMPLICATUS Wc vee eeves 148
——— CO8EANIS Coe cee ence evens 148
—— gracilts v.66... ceo 146, 148
—— tntricatus ... 66. eee ees 148
———. Mertdionalis ove veveees 151
—— obscurus ..........008- 150
—— ObSCUPUS vo. ceceens 149, 151
— , a. obscurus........ 150
—— ——, b. borealis .... 151,398
—— ——., race borealis .. 149, 399
—— ——., race obscurus ...... 149
—— (?) paucinervis ...... 146, 148
POlYGONUS we. ccceevecee 148
PYSMLUS ...,... 2. eae 151
pygmeus .. 146, 148, 149, 152
ZOUVAEUS Lo cece eee eens 150
BONAEUS wesc ee eeeee 148, 149
ProsoprstOma oo ccc cecc cc ccnes 12
PROTONEURA ...... 182, 140, 394
Protoneura vivveccvcccccee 51, 138,
135, 142, 145, 397
AMALOTIA 2... eee ee ee eee 395
AMALOTUA oo ccc ec eeeeeee 394
aurantiaca.......... 1438, 396
AUNUNLIACU. Wav eeeens 140, 394
——— cagillaris oo. eee 1383
CATA wesc eee eee ewes 143
1 a: a a 140, 394
corculum ...... vee eeeee 396
COVCULUTN vec c cca aee 395, 397
cupida .........-.. 142, 895
CUPIAA ..sseeee 140, 148, 394
— OVIQ“ 09
a
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31
32.
33.
34,
35.
Right side. Texas (A. NV. 8.). °67. a
» 9 Round Mt., Texas (coll. P. P.C.). °73. I believe that this represents the form of
appendage in Walsh’s H. texana. |
» » dojutla (coll. P. P.C.). °6.
. Left side. Texas (M. C. Z.). 1:17 (i.¢., red extending beyond the nodus).
» 9 Pecos River (M,C. Z.). °91.
+ ~5,. Acambaro. °48.
»» California (A. N.S.). No pterostigma. :87.
- 5 5, Abdominal segment 10, on same scale as fig. 7, to show its relative length.
Right side. San Bernardino, California (coll. P. P. C.). No pterostigma. °7.
” 4 California (A. WV. 8.). No pterostigma. -89.
8 San Bernardino, California (coll. P. P. C.). No pterostigma. °76.
” » Acambaro. °42.
Left side. Guadalajara. 65.
» 9» Profile view, inner surface. Acambaro. ‘46.
Right side. Guatemala (M,C. Z.). °45.
oe Chilpancingo. °78.
Left side. Guadalajara. -78. I believe that this represents the form of appendage in Walsh’s
HM, sclerata.
5 5 Profile view, inner surface. Tucson, Arizona (M. C. Z.). °48.
Heterina infecta, sp.n., 6. Atoyac. Oblique * view of left superior appendage.
H., tolteca, sp.n., 3. Jalapa. Oblique view left sup. app.
H. rudis, sp.n., 6. San Gerdnimo. Oblique view left sup. and inf. apps.
H. capitalis, Selys, g. Volcan de Chiriqui. Oblique view left sup. app.
H. miniata, Selys, 6, type. Chiriqui. Dorsal view left sup. app.
H. majuscula, Selys, ¢. Caché. Oblique view left sup. and inf. apps., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. infecta, sp. n., 3 of fig. 18. Dorsal view left sup. and int. apps., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H, tolteca, sp.n., ¢ of fig. 19. Dorsal view left sup. and inf. apps., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. rudis, sp. n., ¢ of fig. 20. Dorsal view left sup. and inf. apps., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. pilula, sp.n., ¢. Teapa. . Dorsal view left sup. and inf. apps.
H. capitalis, Selys, 3 of fig. 21. Dorsal view left sup. app., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. miniata, Selys, ¢ of fig. 22. Oblique view left sup. app., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. vulnerata, Selys, g. Orizaba. Oblique view left sup. and inf. apps., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
. H. cruentata, Rambur, ¢. Orizaba. Id.
H. cruentata, Rambur, ¢. Irazu. Id.
H. fuscoguttata, Selys, 6. Bugaba. Dorsal view left sup. app., and outline of 10th abd. seg.
H. fuscoguttata, Selys, 3 of fig. 33. Oblique view right sup. and inf. apps.
H. pilula, sp. n., 3 of fig. 27. Profile view right sup. and inf. apps. and 10th abd. seg.
In figg. 1-35 the magnification is about 20.
* Oblique in the explanation of this Plate means always a view showing the upper-inner surface.
os fe
we SAAS ORAS A
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AKAN war ayn Wid;
x SAMAR AWSL SLY
E17 HETARINA AMERICANA. 21,28 HETERINA CAPITALIS.
18, 24 . INFECTA . 20,29
12, 25 . TOLTECA. a3
a0, 26 a RUDIS. .
Amelia C. Smith, del.
»”
MINIATA.
MAJUSCULA.
Neuropterw Tab 2
27,30 HETERINA PILULA.
30 \ VULNERATA.
31,32 . CRUENTATA.
33,34 7 FUSCOGUTTATA .
Mantern Bros. th
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE III.
[Figg. 1-15 from photographs by Mr. Thomas W. Lane and A. Cant; 16 from a photograph
by A. Cant; 27 from a drawing by M. René Martin; the other figures (except 21) from camera-
drawings by Miss Amelia C. Smith, as well as the colouring on figg. 1-15, 18-20. Fig. 21 from
a drawing by P. P. Calvert, enlarged from a photograph by M. Martin. |
Fig. 1. Heterina tricolor, Burm., 3, Teleman in Vera Paz, Guatemala. Right front and hind
wings,
2-14. Heterina titia, Drury, g. Right front and hind wings of a series from Teleman in
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Vera Paz, to show colour-variation. Fig. 3 is practically identical with Selys’s type of
H. bipartita, fig. 12 with Drury’s figure of H. titia.
Heterina titia, Drury. Right front and hind wings of immature g, from Chacoj in Vera
Paz, before the appearance of the red on the wings ; to be compared with fig. 14 of a
mature ¢.
Thaumatoneura inopinata, McLachlan, g, type, locality? (Dotted lines, showing length
of abdomen, from Chiriqui ¢.)
Pseudostigma aberrans, Selys, ¢. Bugaba, Panama. Profile view left side of 10th abd.
segment and appendages: i, inferior appendage.
Heterina vulnerata, Selys, 2. Omilteme, Guerrero. Left half of mesothorax, dorsal view.
Heterina cruentata, Rambur, 9. Zapote. Left half of mesothorax and part of metathorax,
seen obliquely from above.
Heterina tricolor, Burm., 2. Teapa. Left half of mesothorax and part of metathorax,
dorsal view.
[Figg. 18-20 are chiefly to represent the shape of the metallic green markings on the thoracic
dorsum, the mid-dorsal carina is coloured black, as it is in nature, the uncoloured portions are
buff or brownish in life: 4, the humeral suture; 1 J, the first lateral suture. |
Fig. 21.
22.
23.
Cw)
&
31,
33.
Thaumatoneura inopinata, McL., g. Chiriqui. Base of right hind wing to show
venation: enlarged, from a photograph.
Pseudostigma accedens, Selys, 3. Presidio, Vera Cruz. Profile view, left side, of 10th
abd. seg. and appendages: 2, inferior appendage.
Amphipteryx agrioides, Selys, 2. Purula. Prothorax (left side) seen obliquely from
above and from in front, to show the lamellate processes.
. Lestes simplea, Hagen, g. Amula, Guerrero. Right superior and inferior appendages
seen obliquely from above.
. Lestes forficula, Rambur, g. Texas (A. N. 8.). Id.
. Lestes alacer, Hagen, g. Arizona (M.C. Z.). Id.
. Thaumatoneura inopinata, McL., §. Chiriqui. 10th abd. seg. and appendages, dorsal view.
29, 30. Amphipteryx agrioides, Selys, §. Sabo, Guatemala. 28, dorsal view, 29, ventral
view of right half of 10th abd. seg. and right superior and inferior appendages ;
30, prothorax, left side, seen obliquely from above and in front, to show lamellate
processes.
82. Cora marina, Selys, $. Panima, Guatemala. 31, dorsal, 32, profile (left side) view
of 10th abd. seg. and appendages: 2, inf. app.
Lestes sigma, sp. n., §. Iguala, Guerrero. Appendages as in no. 24.
18 HETARINA VULNERATA. 25 Lite oe POR CEL:
| ue HETARINA TRICOLOR.
2-15 : ehive. = 19 r, CRUENTATA. 26 ? ALACER.
16.21.2% THAUMATONEURA INOPINATA. 22 PSEUDOSTIGMA ACCEDENS. 31,32 CORA MARINA.
17 +PSEUDOSTIGMA ABERRANS. 23,28 30 AMPHIPTERYX AGRIOIDES. ~ .33 LES IES SIGMA.
24 Leto. SUMP LEX.
Mintern Bros. lith.
Ameha C. Smith, del.
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE IV.
[All the figures are drawn with the camera lucida to the same scale. ]
Figg. 1-26. Left mesostigmal lamina of females, seen from above and slightly in front.
Figg. 1,2. Argia vivida, Hagen. Texolo. J, the Fig. 14. Argia tarascana, sp.n. Acambaro,
mesostigmal lamina ; ms., mesostigma ; te., 15. A. difficilis, Selys. Bugaba.
mid-dorsal thoracic carina where it forks 16, A. lacrymans, Hagen, Cuernavaca.
at its lower end ; pt., hind margin of pro- 17. A. tonto, sp. n. Tombstone, Ariz.
thorax. One-half of te. is shown in all of 18. A. translata, Hagen. San Lorenzo.
figg. 1-26, but pt. 18 omitted in many and 19. A. tezpr, sp.n. Savana Grande. (In 18
ms. in all but fig. 1. and 19 the dotted curves show the position
3,4. A. extranea, Hagen. Texolo. of the inferior mesepisternal tubercle.)
5. A. percellulata, sp.n. Atoyac. 20. A. mesta, Hagen. Arizona.
6. A. medullaris, Hagen? (= vartabilés ?, 21. A. harknessi, Calvert. Tepic.
Selys), Zapote. 22. A. cuprea, Hagen. Diente.
Y. A. sedula, Hagen. Monterey. 23. A. indicatrix, sp. n. Teapa.
8. A. popoluca, sp.n. Teapa. 24, A. cupraurea (Selys, MS.), sp. n. San
9. A. ulmeca, sp. n. Atoyac. Esteban.
10. A. enea, Hagen. Tepetlapa. 25, .A. violacea, Hagen, n. var. pallens. Gua-
11. A. oculata, Hagen. Atoyac. dalajara.
12. A. fissa, Selys. San Gerénimo, 26. A. agrivides, Calvert. Los Angeles, Calif,
13. A. deami, sp. n. Dublan.
Figg. 27-62. Profile views, left side, of the tenth abdominal segment and the appendages of males: s and
ss, inner surface of right superior appendage seen obliquely from above; i and ié, profile views of outer surface
of left inferior appendage.
Fig. 27. Argia percellulata, sp. n. Atoyac. Fig. 49, 49s. Argia lacrymans, Hagen. Omiltcme.
28, 28s. A. wilsoni, sp. n. Livingston, Guat. 50. A. fissa, Selys, Tepic; 50s, id., Chilpan-
29, 29s. A. mesta, Hagen. Texas. cingo.
30, 30s. A. translata, Hagen. Atoyac. 51, 51s. A. tarascana, sp. n., Cuernavaca;
31, A. tezpi, sp. n., Tepic; 81 s, id., Dos Ol ss, id., Acambaro.
Arroyos. 52, 52s. A. deami, sp.n. Dublan.
32, 32s. A. sedula, Hagen. Texas. 53. A. variabilis, Selys. Vera Cruz; from type
33. A. pulla, Hagen, Tepic; 33s, id., Teapa ; in the M.C.Z.
33 ss, id., Presidio. b4, 54s. A. variabilis, Selys (medullaris,
34, 34.5. A. ulmeca, sp. n, Atoyac; 34¢, id., Hagen ?). San Gerdnimo.
another individual. 5d, 508, A. rhoadsi, sp.n. Monterey.
35, 35a. A. adamsi, sp.n. Bugaba. — - _ 66, A. evtranea, Hagen, Tepic; 56s, 56%, id.,
36, 3s. A. oculata, Hagen, Atoyac; 36%, id., Caché ; 56 2, id., Jalapa.
Tepetlapa ; 36 it, Jalapa. 57, 578. A. vivida, Hagen, Texas; 57 ss, id.,
37, 378. A. herberti, sp.n. Amula. Texolo.
38, 38s. A. popoluca, sp.n. Teapa. 58. A, vivida, n. var. plana (Hagen, MS.).
39, 39s. A. indicatrix, sp.n. Teapa. Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas,
40, 40s. A. rogersi, sp.n. Caché. 59. A. funebris, Hagen. Mexico; from type
41, 41s. A. cuprea, Hagen. Teapa. in M.C. Z.
42, A. cupraurea (Selys, MS.), sp. n. David. 60, 60s. A. immunda, Hagen. Venta de
43. A. cnea, Hagen, Tepic; 44, 448, id., Zopilote.
Misantla. 61, Gls. A. violacea, Hagen, n. var. pallens.
45. A. harknessi, Calvert, Tepic, from type; ; Tucson.
45, id., Savana Grande. 62. A. agrioides, Calvert, Texas, type: 62s,
46, 46s. A. barretti, sp.n. Linares. id., Lower Purisima, type; 62 ss, id.,
47, 47s. A. chelata, sp.n. Irazu. new race nahuana, Mexico city.
48, 48s. A. tonio, sp.n. Arizona.
RESEND ~ RAD
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS OF SPECIES OF THE GENUS ARGIA .
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE V.
[All the figures on this Plate have been drawn with the aid of the camera lucida. ]
Fig. 1. Paraphlebia quinta, sp.n., $. Panima. Oblique* view right sup. and inf. apps. x 15.
2. Paraphlebia duodecima, sp.n., S. Purula. Oblique view of same parts. x 15.
3,4, 4a, Philogenia championi, sp. n., g. Volcan de Chiriqui. 3. Dorsal view right sup. app. ;
4, Profile view left sup. and inf. apps.; 4a. Externo-oblique view left inf. app. x 15.
5. Heteragrion tricellulare, sp.n., . San Gerdnimo. Oblique view right sup. and inf. apps. x 15.
6. Heteragrion majus, Selys, ¢. Chiriqui. Oblique view of same parts. x 15.
7. Heteragrion chrysops, Selys, 3. Atoyac. Oblique view of same parts, x 15.
8, 9. Phalogenia terraba, sp.u., d. Pacuare. 8. Protile view left sup. and inf. apps.; 9. Externo-oblique
view left inf. app. x 15. (This is the male referred to on p. 62, at top; it will be described at
the conclusion of the section on the Odonata.)
10. Philogenia cassandra, Hagen, g. Venezuela. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. (for comparison
with figs. 4&8). x 15. .
11, 12. Hesperagrion heterodoxum, Selys, $. Cuernavaca. 11. Dorsal view right sup. app.; 12. Profile
view left sup. and inf. apps.: 7, tip of the inferior. x 22.
13. Enallagma semicireulare, Selys, S$. Misantla. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. x 15.
14,18. Anisagrion allopterum, Selys, g¢. Caché. 14. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps., x 22; 18, tip
of front wing of var. rubscundum, x 10.
15, 19. Anisagrion lais, Selys, 3: 15. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps., x 22; 19. Tip of hind wing,
Orizaba, x 10.
16, Enallagma basidens, sp.n., ¢. Texas. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
17. Anisagrion truncatipenne, sp.n., ¢. El Reposo. Tip of hind wing. x 10.
20. Acanthagrion gracile, Rambur, ¢. Atoyac. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
ZL. Telebasis digiticols, sp.n., 2. Teapa. Finger-like processes of the prothorax, seen from above
and obliquely from the left side.
22-25, Leptobasis vacillans, Selys. ‘Teapa. 22. Dorsal view right sup. app., ¢: 23. Profile view left
sup. and inf. apps. ¢, 7, tip of inferior, x 22; 24. Profile view of apex of abdomen ( @ ) to show
vulvar spine, s, and genital valvules, v; 25. A tarsal claw to show tooth.
26. Cerutura capreola, Hagen. Vera Cruz. A tarsal claw.
27, 28. Telebasis collopistes, sp.n., Sd. Toapa. 27. Dorsal view right sup. and inf. apps.; 28. Profile
view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
29, 30. Telebasis isthmica, sp.n., S. Panama. 29. Dorsal view right sup. and inf. apps.; 30. Profile
view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
31, 32. Telebasis griffinit, Martin, g. Teapa. 31. Dorsal view right sup. and inf. apps.; 32. Profile
view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
33, 34, Telebasis filiola, Perty, ¢. Torola. 33. Dorsal view right sup. and inf. apps.; 34. Profile view
left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
30. Ischnura demorsa, Hagen, d. Acambaro. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. x 30.
36. Neoneura amelia, sp. n., §. Cubilguitz. Oblique externo-dorsal view of left sup. and inf. apps.; the
sagittal plane passes between the two points on the hind margin of the 10th abd. seg. x 30.
37. Neoneura aaront, sp.n., . Texas. Oblique externo-dorsal view of same parts as in fig. 36. x 30.
38, 45. Protoneura cara, sp.n., d. Iguala. 38. Dorsal view right sup. app. only; 45. Profile view left
sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
39. Palemnema desiderata, Selys?, ¢. Presidio, V.C. Dorsal view right sup. and inf. apps., divaricated.
x 15, (N.B.—The proximal of the two teeth shown on the right inf. app. appears to be abnormal.)
40. Palemnema paulina, Drury, g. Atoyac. Dorsal view of same parts, divaricated. x 15.
41. Palemnema nathalia, Selys, §. Panama. Dorsal view of same parts, divaricated. x 15.
42, Palemnema domina (Hagen MS.), sp.n., ¢. Tehuantepec. Dorsal view of same parts, divaricated.
x 165.
43, Protoneura remissa, sp.n., ¢. Teapa. Profile view left sup. and inf. apps. x 22.
44, Protoneura aurantiaca, Selys, $. Teapa. Profile view of same parts. x 22.
46, 47. Protoneura cupida, sp.n., ¢. Livingston. 46. Profile view of same parts; 47. Dorsal view right
sup. app. only. x 22,
48, 49. Protoneura peramans, sp.n. Panima. 48. Oblique view right sup. and inf. apps., ¢; 49. Lett
mesothoracic process ( 2 ), viewed from the right side. x 22.
N.B.—All the specimens from which figures of appendages in Plates IV. and V. have been drawn have been
specially selected, or relaxed and prepared, to make sure that the appendages were fully extended, since many
individuals die with these parts more or less retracted. Similar treatment must, of course, be employed in
those specimens which the reader may wish to compare with these figures.
* Oblique in the explanation of this Plate, unless otherwise stated, means a view showing the upper-inner
surface.
STRUCTURAL CHARACTERS OF SPECIES OF THE GENERA
PARAPHLEBIA—PROTONBURA.
Amelia C. Smith. del. Bale & Danielsson. L4 London.
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE VI.
Figg. 1-6 e. Hesperagrion heterodoxum, Sclys, 3. Presumably ontogenetic colour-stages. 1a, 26,
4c, 5d, 6e illustrate respectively the variations described under a, 0, c, d, e, on p. 103;
the other figures precede or connect these stages in the order in which they stand —
on the Plate, except 2, the abdomen of which is coloured like that of la. 1, 26, 6e,
Cuernavaca, October; 4, do., June; 1a, 2, Uruapan, July; 3, Tombstone, Arizona ;
4c, Arizona (Morrison) ; 5d, Durango, October. x 2.
7. Palemnema angelina, Selys, 2. Zapote. xX 2.
8. Neoneura amelia, sp.u. &. Cubilguitz. x 2.
9. Protoneura cara, sp.n. 6. Iguala. x 2.
10-18. Perithemis domitia, Drury, form intensa, Kirby, 2. Individual colour-variations, not
ontogenetic. 10,12, 15, Guadalajara, August; 13, do., June; 14,16, 17,18, do., July ;
11, Amula, August. The venation of all nine figures is that of the individual represented
in fig. 14. Natural size.
19-27. Perithemis domitia, Drury, form mooma, Kirby, ?. Individual colour-variations, not
ontogenetic, Altamira, June, except 37 (Sept.) and 44 (July). The venation of all
nine figures is that of the individual represented in fig. 19. Natural size.
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H.Skinner,Photo, Amelia C. Smith ,pinx . Bale Danielsson Ltd London.
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE VII.
[Figg. 4, 5, 10, and 11 are from photographs by Dr. Henry Skinner ; all the others have been drawn
with the aid of the camera lucida. |
Figg. 1-3. Progomphus zonatus, Hagen, ¢. Rincon. Ventral, dorsal, and left profile views of the apex of
the abdomen and appendages. x 6.
4, P. pygmeus, Selys, $. San Gerdnimo. Wings, right side. x17. 4a. Detailof front wing. x 4°.
5. Erpetogomphus viperinus, Selys, 2. Zapote. Wings, right side. x 1:12. 5a. Detail of front
wing. xX 5. ,
. Philogenia carrillica, sp.n., $. Carrillo. Left profile and dorsal views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 15.
8, 9. Progomphus clendoni, sp. n., ¢. Tuxpan. Left profile and ventral views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 6.
10. Gomphoides volsella, sp.n., d. Teapa. Wings,rightside. x 1:12. 10a. Detail of front wing. x 5.
11. Cyanogomphus(?) tumens, sp. n., Q. Atoyac. Wings, right side. x 17. Illa. Detail of front
wing. xX 4°5.
12. Philogenia carrillica, sp.n., ¢. Carrillo. Ventral view of inferior appendages. x 165.
13, 14. Gomphoides volsella, sp. n., ¢. Teapa. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 5°83. (Fig. 14 shows the inferior margin of seg. 9 too straight ; it should be convex.)
15, 16. G. protracta, Selys, S$. Teapa. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and appen-
dages. x 5:3.
17, 18. G. ambigua, Selys, 3. Guadalajara. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 53.
19, 20. G. suasa, Selys, g¢. Escazu. Dorsal and right profile views of apex of abdomen and appendages.
x 53,
21-23. Leptobasis bovilla, sp. n., g. Escondido River. 21. Postero-superior oblique view of the
mesothoracic horns from the right side; the dotted lines show the two edges, right and left, of
the mid-dorsal dark stripe, the solid line between them represents the mid-dorsal carina.
22, Antero-superior oblique view of the abdominal appendages from the left side. 23. Left profile
view of apex of abdomen and appendages. x 18.
24-27, Erpetoyomphus eutainia, sp. n., 6. Rio Papagaio. 24. Penis and vesicle from the right
side. x 13. 25. Hamules, right side. x 13. 26, 27. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of
abdomen and appendages. x 8d.
28. E. cophias, Selys, ¢. Cuernavaca. Left profile view of apex of abdomen and appendages. x 8°5.
29. E. compositus, Hagen, 3. Florence. Left profile view of apex of abdomen and appendages. x 8°d.
30-32. E. ophibolus, sp. n., d. Atoyac. 30,31. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 8:5. 32. Penis, vesicle, and hamules from the right side, inverted. x 15.
33. E. cophias, Selys, 9. Omilteme. Ventral view of ninth and part of eighth abdominal segment. x 8.
(The two lobes of the vulvar lamina should have been shown as actually in contact with each
other, instead of almost touching.)
34. E. sipedon, sp. n., @. Guadalajara. Ibid. x 8.
35. E. diadophis, sp.u., @. Texas. Ibid. x 8.
36. Epigomphus quadracies, Calvert, 9. Chiriqai. Occiput and ocelli from in front. x 9.
37. E. subobtusus, Selys, 9. Caché. Ibid. x 9.
38, Erpetogomphus compositus, Hagen, 9. Arizona (C. U. lot 35). Ibid. x 9.
39. E. eutainia, sp.n., d. Rio Papagaio. Ibid. x 9.
40. E. sipedon, sp. n., Q. Forma. Guadalajara. Ibid. x9.
41. Cyanogomphus(?) tumens, sp.n., Q. Atoyac. Ibid. x 5.
42. Erpetogomphus sipedon, sp.n., Q. Form 6b, Cuernavaca. Ibid. x 9.
43, E. viperinus, Selys, 2. Zapote. Ibid. x 9.
44, E. elaps, Selys, 2. Tepetlapa. Ibid. x 9.
45, E. cophias, Selys, Q. Omilteme. Ibid. x 9.
46. E. ophibolus, sp.n., d. Atoyac. Ibid. x 9.
47. E. diadophis, sp.n., Q. Texas, Ibid. x 9.
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Structural Characters of Species of the Genera .
PROGOMPHUS-EPIGOMPHUS, PHILOGENIA, LEPTOBASIS .
Amelia C .Smith del . Bale & Danielsson Tt London :
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE VIII.
[Figs. 35 and 38 are from photographs by Dr. Henry Skinner, 19 and 43 are free-hand, all the
others have been drawn with the aid of the camera lucida. |
Figg. 1-3. Epigomphus camelus, sp.n., 3. Carrillo. Dorsal, left profile, and posterior views of the apex of
the abdomen and appendages. xX 5. ©
4, 5. E. quadracies, Calvert, §. San Isidro. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. x 5. 5a. Apex of lett branch of inferior appendage, left profile view. x 7:5.
6, 7. E. tumefactus, Calvert, g. Caché. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. xX 5.
8,9. E. subobtusus, Selys, ¢. Oaché. Ibid. x 5.
10. Anaa longipes, Hagen, 5. Jalapa. Dorsal view of apex of abdomen and appendages. x 5.
11,12. Zshna dugesi, sp. n., ¢. Mexico. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. xX 5.
13, 14. 4. williamsoniana, sp.n., ¢. Cuernavaca. Ibid. x 5.
15, 16. . brevifrons, Hagen, ¢. Arequipa. Ibid. x 5.
17,18. 4. virens, Rambur, ¢. Atoyac. Ibid. x 5.
19. 4. williamsoniana, sp. n., d. Cuernavaca. Dorsal surface of frons, vertex, and antenne. x 3.
20, 21. Gynacantha septima, Selys, ¢. Teapa. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen and
appendages. X 5.
22, 23. G. mexicana, Selys, 6. San Pedro Sula. Ibid. x 5.
24,25. G. tibiata, Karsch, g. Atoyac. Ibid. 24 a. Apical portion of left superior appendage.
Bugaba. 240. Ibid. Panima (Guatemala). x 5. (For remark on fig. 24 6, see p. 194 of text.)
26, 27. Aishna perrensi, McLachlan, ¢. Atoyac. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen
and appendages. xX 5.
28, 29. Gynacantha trifida, Rambur, ¢. Caché. Ibid. x5.
30, 31. G. membranalis, Karsch, ¢. Rio Bobonaza. Ibid. x 5.
32, 33. Oploneschna armata, Hagen, 3. Omilteme. Ibid. x 5.
34. Argia talamanca, sp. n., d. Carrillo, Left profile view of apex of abdomen and appendages.
34 5. Right superior appendage, inner superior surface. x 22.
35. Cannaphila vibew?, Hagen. San Gerénimo. Wings. x 11.
36, 37. Argia underwoodi, sp.n. Carrillo. 36. Left mesostigmal lamina of 2 from in front; the dotted
line shows the boundary between black (mesad) and pale (laterad) colouring. 37. Left profile
view of apex of abdomen and appendages, d. 37s. Inner superior surface of right superior
appendage, d. xX 22.
38. Brechmorhoga pertinax, Hagen, ¢. San Gerdnimo, 3000 feet. Wings. x 1:09.
39, 40. Micrathyria schumanm, sp. 1, 3. Guadalajara. 39. Genitalia of 2nd abdominal segment, left
side, inverted. 40. Right hamule isolated. x 40.
41, Argia gaumeri, sp. n., gd. Izamal. Left profile view of apex of abdomen and appendages.
(N.B.—The drawing was actually made from the right side of the specimen and then reversed
so as to conform to the other figures of this genus; the left side of the type was injured.)
41s. Inner superior surface of right superior appendage. xX 22.
42. Argia difficilis, Selys, ¢. Duran. Left profile view of apex of abdomen and appendages.
42s, Inner superior surface of right superior appendage. x 22.
43, 44, Dythemis cannacrioides, sp.n., 3. San Isidro. 43, Ventral view, inferior appendage. (The
apex should show a curved emargination.) X 12. 44. Genitalia of second abdominal segment,
left side, inverted. x 16.
45, Dythemis maya, sp. n., 3. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, inverted. x 19.
46-49. Brechmorhoga precox, Hagen, 3. Hamule and genital lobe, left side. 46, 49. Zapote.
47. Atoyac. 48. Jalapa. x 24.
The scale of the figures of Argia on Plate IV. is the same as that of the figures of Argia on
this Plate, viz. x 22.
45 46 47 48 49
Structural Characters of Species of the Genera.
EPIGOMPHUS—-ARGIA .
Amelia C. Smith del . Bale & Danielsson Ltt London.
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE IX.
[Figg. 8, 11, 12, 30, 33, 55 are from photographs by Dr. Henry Skinner, all the others are camera drawings.
All figures of the genitalia of the second abdominal segment, ¢, are inverted, as these parts are most
easily examined when the insect is so held.]
Figg. 1-5. Ephidatia longipes cubensis, Scudder. Altamira, June. 1-3. Apexof abdomen, 6, left side, three
individuals, x 9°4. 4. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, d, left side, x 16°8. 5. Apex of
abdomen, 9, ventral view, x 5°.
6. Uracis imbuta, Burm., ¢. Bugaba. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 16°8.
7,8. U. fastigiata, Burm., ¢. 7. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side. Volcan de
Chiriqui, x 12:5, 8. Venation, right side, x 1:2. Nicaragua. The small cross-veins at the
apices of the wings are omitted.
9-1]. Tholymis citrina, Hagen, ¢. Atoyac,May. 9. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side,
x 85. 10. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 6°5. 11. Venation, right side, x 1:2.
12. Micrathyria didyma, Selys, 2. Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Venation, right side, x 1:2.
13-15. M. atra, Martin, g. San Felipe, February. 13. Pattern of colouring of thorax, left side,
x 2:5; in this and similar figures, sutures and metastigma in solid lines. 14. Apex of abdomen,
left side, x 11°3. 15. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 17-7.
16-18. M. hageni, Kirby. 16, 9, Havana, Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 2°5, as in fig. 13.
17,18, g, Matamoros. Dorsal and left profile views, apex of abdomen, x 13:5.
19-21. M. dissocians, sp.n., g. Atoyac, May. 19, 20. Ventral and left profile views, apex of abdomen,
x 11:6. 21. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 17-7. a
22, 23. M. ocellata, Martin, ¢. Los Amates, February. 22. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 2°5.
23. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 22°5.
24. M. schwmanni, sp. n., d. Guadalajara, July. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 12:4. .
25-27. M. debilis, Hagen. 25, 2, Altamira, June. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 25. 26, d,
Puerto Barrios, March. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 22-5; a, base of right superior appendage to
show the infero-internal subbasal denticle, x 22°5. 27, 3, Puerto Barrios, March. Genitalia of
second abdominal segment, left side, x 30; 6, ventral view of anterior lamina, x 30.
28-30. M. eximia, Kirby. 28, 5, Puerto Barrios, March. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 22°5. 29, 6,
id. id. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 30. 30, 9, David. Venation of
right side, x 1°2.*
31-33. Nephepeltia phryne, Perty, ¢. Puerto Barrios, February. 31. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 12:7.
32. Genitalia of second abdominal segment and metathoracic spine, left side, x 12. 33. Venation
of right side, x 1:2.
34. Orthemis ferruginea, Fabr., 9. Teapa, March. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, as in fig. 13. x 2-5.
35. O. sulphurata, Hagen, §. Guayaquil. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 2°5.
36, 37. O. biolleyi, sp n., 6. Esparta, January. 36. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 2:5.
37. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 11-6.
38, 39. O. levis, sp. n., o. San Felipe, February. 38. Colour-pattern of thorax, left side, x 2:5.
39. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 12°3.
40. Erythrodiplax ochracea, Burm., $. Atoyac, May. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side,
x 11°6.
41. E. connata, Burm., ¢ (fusca, Rambur), ¢. Panama. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left
side, x 11°6.
42. E. erichsoni?, Kirby, d. Esparta, January. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 11-6.
43-45. Macrothemis musiva, Calvert, $. Teapa, February. 43,44. Left profile and ventral views of
apex of abdomen, x 12. 45. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 17°7.
46,47. Tauriphila australis, Hagen, ¢. Teapa, February. Dorsal and left protile views of apex of
abdomen, x 12.
48, 49. T. argo, Hagen, 3. Puerto Barrios, March. Dorsal and left profile views of apex of abdomen,
x 12.
50. Rhodopygia cardinalis, Erichson, ¢. Eastern Peru? Left genital hamule, x 18.
51-53. R. hinei, sp. n., ¢. Morales, March. 51. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 12. 52. Genitalia of
second abdominal segment, left side, x 11-6. 53. Left genital hamule, x 18.
54. R. hollandi, sp. n., d. Cuyaba, January. Left genital hamule, x 21.
55-58. Piatyplax sanguiniventris, sp. n., ¢. Altamira, June. 55. Venation of right side, x 1-2.
56. Genitalia of second abdominal segment, left side, x 11-6. 57. Apex of abdomen, left side, x 9-4.
58. Inferior abdominal appendage, ventral view, x 9°4.
* This female is unusual in possessing a supernumerary antecubital on the right (but not on the left) hind
wing, proximal to the nodus and not reaching to the median vein ; it has been omitted from fig. 30.
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Structural Characters of Specie s of the Genera.
EPHIDATIA, URACIS, THOLYMIS, MICRATHYRIA, NEPHEPELTIA, ORTHEMIS,
ERY THRODIPLAX, MACROTHEMIS, TAURIPHILA, RHODOPYGIA,AND PLATYPLAX.
A.C.8. et PP.C. del. Bole & Denicleson,Lt4 cup,
NEUROPTERA.—ODONATA.
PLATE X.
[All the figures on this Plate, with the possible exception of figg. 55, 56, have been
drawn with the aid of the camera lucida. |
Fig. 1. Lestes henshawi, sp. n., d. Camino de la Palma, April 1905. Oblique view of the right sup. and
inf. apps. x 22. CS
2. Argia gaumeri, sp.n., ¢. Fuerte de San Felipe, Feb. 15, 1905. Profile view, left side, apex of
abdomen. 2s, oblique dorsal-inner view of right sup. app. x 22.
3, 3s. A. terira, sp. n., ¢. Camino de la Palma, April 1905. Id. x 22.
4,48. A. difficilis, Selys, 6. Esparta, Jan. 1905, Id. x 22.
5. A, adamsi, Calv., 9. Surubres, Feb. 1905. Anterior end of mesothorax, showing mesostigmal
lamine*. x 22.
6, 7,8. A. pulla, Hagen. Pair, 8. Pedro Sula, Feb. 28, 1905. 6, 7. Left profile and inferior views of
apex of abdomen, ¢. 8. Anterior end of mesothorax*, 9. x 22.
9,10, 11. A. frequentula, sp.n. Pair, San Pedro Sula, Feb. 28, 1905. 9, 10. Left profile and inferior
views, apex of abdomen, g. 11. Anterior end of mesothorax*, 29. x 22.
12, 12s. A. johannella,sp.n., d. Juan Vilas, March 18,1902. Left profile view, apex of abdomen, and
oblique dorsal-inner view of right superior appendage. x 22.
13. Dythemis cannacrioides, Calv., §. San Isidro, Ventral view, inferior appendage. x 12. (To
replace Tab. VIII. fig. 43.)
14, Argia terira, sp. n., 2. Camino de la Palma, April 1905. Anterior end of mesothorax*. x 22.
15, 15s. A. pocomana, sp.n., ¢. Mazatenango, Feb. 3, 1905. Left profile view of apex of abdomen and
oblique dorsal-inner view of right sup. app. xX 22.
16, 16s. A. pipila, sp.n., d. Escuintla, Jan. 31, 1905. Id. x 22.
17. Gynacantha tibiata, Karsch, ¢. Panima. Apex of left sup. app. x5. (To replace Tab, VIII.
tig. 24d.
18. Argia ipa sp.n., 2. Escuintla, Jan. 31,1905. Anterior end of mesothorax*. x 22.
19. A. johannella, sp.n., 2. Juan Vinas, March 18,1902. Id.* x 22.
20. A. guumeri, sp. n., 2. Fuerte de San Felipe, Feb. 15,1905, Id.* x 22.
21. A. variabilis, Selys, 9. Juan Vinas, March 18,1902. Id.* x 22.
22, 23. Argia intermediate between pulla and frequentula, QQ. 22. Jojutla, Nov. 16. 23. Tepie,
Oct., 1894. Id.* x 22.
24. A. pocomana, sp. u., 2. Mazatenango, Feb. 3, 1905; taken pairing with ¢ of figg. 15, 15s.
Id.* x 22.
24, 26. Neoneura amelia,Calv. Pair, Los Amates, Jan.18,1905. Hind lobe of prothorax, 253,269. x 30.
27. N. paya, sp. n., 6. Puerto Barrios, March 4, 1905. Id. x 30.
28, 29. N. aaroni, Calv. Texas. Id. 28 6,299. x 30.
30-34. Erpetogomphus elaps, Selvs, ¢. Left first hamule. 30. Rincon, Oct. 31. Chilpancingo, Sept.
32. Cuernavaca, Aug. 3, 1903. 33. San Gerdnimo. 34. San Jose, Costa Rica, May 1905. x 17.
35. Argiallagma minutum, Selys, ¢. Los Amates, Jan. 16, 1905. Left profile view of apex of abdomen.
x 34,
36, 37. Enallagma cultellatum, Hagen, g. Amatitlan, Feb. 7, 1905. 36. Id. 387. Dorsal view of
appendages. x 20.
38, Neoneura paya, sp. n., ¢. Puerto Barrios, March 4, 1905. Oblique left dorsal view of apex of
abdomen. x 35.
39, 40. Telebasis digiticollis, Calv., ¢. Los Amates, Jan. 19, 1905. Dorsal and left profile views of apex
of abdomen. x 25.
41-44, Protoneura corculum, sp. n. Livingston, Feb. 18, 1905. 41. Dorsal view of anterior end of
mesothorax, 9, x 22. 42. Left side ofsame, 9, x 66. 48. Left profile view of apex of abdomen,
6, x 22. 44, Left hind wing, d, x 11:3.
45. P. remissa, Calv., ¢. San Pedro Sula, Feb. 26,1905. Left hind wing. x 11:3.
46. Anisagrion truncatipenne, Calv., S. Santa Lucia, Feb. 1, 1905. Left profile view of apex of
abdomen. x 2d.
47. Erpetogomphus cophias, Selys, 9. Omilteme. Region of vulvar lamina. x 8. (To replace
Tab. VIL. fig. 33.)
48, Gomphoides volsella, Calv., 6. Teapa. Left profile view of apex of abdomen. 5'3. (To replace
Tab. VII. fig. 14.)
49-52. Protoneura amatoria, sp. n. San Pedro Sula, Feb. 28,1905. 49. Right profile view of prothorax
and anterior end of mesothorax, 9 , showing mesostigmal process on latter, x 22. 50. Left profile
view of apex of abdomen, ¢, x 22. 51. Dorsal view of right sup. app., d, x 44. 52. Left hind
wing, d, X 11:3. _
53, 54. Erpetogomphus boa, Selys, d. Vera Cruz. Dorsal and right profile views of (broken) apex of abdo-
men of type in Museum at Brussels. (From drawings sent by M. G. Severin through M. R. Martin.)
55, 56. Brechmorhoga tepeaca, sp.n. 55, Vulvar lamina, 9, Cuernavaca, x 18°5. 56. Left profile view,
genitalia of second abd. seg., ¢, Coatepec, x 25.
* The dotted lines show the outlines of the black mid-dorsa] thoracic stripe.
MNeuroplera Ib M0
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PPC. del.
Structural Characters of Species of the Genera.
LESTES, ARGIA, DYTHEMIS, GYNACANTHA, NE ONEURA, ERPETOGOMPHUS, ARGIALLAGMA,
ENALLAGMA, TELEBASIS, PROTONEURA, ANISAGRION, GOMPHOIDES, BRE CHMORHOGA.
gp oe . rtd.
Bale & Danielsson,L imp.