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BIOLOGIA

CENTRALI-AMERICANA,

INSECTA.

ORTHOPTERA.

Vou. II.

THE ACRIDHDA

BY

Pror. LAWRENCE BRUNER, B.Sc.

[THE TETTIGINE
BY

ALBERT P. MORSE],

AND

THE PHASMIDA
BY

ROBERT SHELFORD, M.A., F.L.S., C.M.Z.S.

1900-1909.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION
Errata Ev Corricenpa to Vots. I. anp ILI.

List or Prates in Vot. IT.

ACRIDIIDE .
PHASMIDE .
InpeEx ro Voxs. I. anp II.

Puates to Vot. II.

a2

INTRODUCTION.

Tuis Volume includes the enumeration of the species belonging to the families
Acridiide and Phasmide. ‘The Phasmide, as explained in the introductory remarks
to that group on p. 3438, are placed at the end of Volume II. for the sake of
convenience, no other course being possible, our material having been entrusted many
years ago to Hofrath C. Brunner von Wattenwy], to include in his general Monograph
of the family. The concluding portion of this important memoir was issued during
the past year, just as Prof. L. Bruner was finishing his studies of the Acridiide.
Mr. R. Shelford then set to work and compiled from it a list of the Mexican and
Central-American Phasmids, and a key to the genera and species, which we
published in November last (pp. 343-377).

The available material for the Acridiide was so very limited, especially from
Northern Mexico, that Prof. Bruner has considered it advisable to include in his
enumeration all the species that are likely to occur in the region under investigation,
those brought in for comparison only being placed in square brackets, as in the
Phasmide and in Volume I. of this subject. ‘The subfamily Tettigine, the account
of which has been contributed by Mr. Albert P. Morse (pp. 3-19}, is illustrated by
figures in the text; and the rest of the Acridiide and the Phasmide each by four
uncoloured Plates, the original drawings for which were made under the supervision
of Prof. Bruner and Hofrath C. Biunner v. Wattenwyl respectively, though they

were all lithographed in Vienna.
The illustrations having been prepared in advance, various alterations in the names,

noted in the ‘ List of Plates” and individually in the text, have since become necessary.

Ep.
February 1909.

Page Line

34 5
187 27
236 16
261 39
274 31
296 28
302 7
387 21
390 29
414 33
417 24
421 24
446 39
450 28

88 6

89 3
103 38
112 14
115 33
116 vi
116 35
117 25
152 a)
204 3l
225 17
240 13
248 32
266 37
298 19
3387-339
360 3
3854 12
336 23
377 16

ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA.

Vou. I. |

for 3 read 2.

for bioculata read biocellata.

for C. mexicano read C. macilento.

for O. read P.

for P. read O.

for gracilis read gracile.

for californica read californiana.

after GuATEMALA insert Senahu (C2ampion).

for dentrifrons read dentifrons.

for bivatiata read bivittata.

for mexicana read pallidespinosa.

for obtusus read obtusa.

erase the localities ““ Bugaba and Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion),” these
referring to the following species, D. rosescens.

for mexicana read hegei.

Vou. II.

for Metaleptes read Metaleptea.

for Scolocephala read Scolocephalus.

erase the locality Camacho in Zacatecas.

for L. coguelletti read L:. coqguilletit.

Jor Camnuuua read CaMNuLA.

Jor Acymnastes read AGYMNASTUS.

for Scirtettica read Scrrrerica,

for Mzstoprucma read TaachyRHACcuis.

for discoides read discoidea.

The locality Colon [Aspinwall] is incorrectly quoted under “ Muxico ”:
it should follow the Mexican habitat on the next line, under ‘ Panama.”

for Trapidinotus read Tropidonotus.

for Rutioderes read Rutidoderes.

for T. humilis read R. humilis.

for Tres Maries Is. read Tres Marias Is.

for vittafrons read vittifrons.

The generic name Rhytidichrota, quoted in many places on these
pages, must be altered to Rhytidochrota.

for P. saussuret read B. saussurei.

The reference to Diapheromera calcarata, Burm., having been figured
under the name 7rychopeplus spinoso-lobatus is incorrect and must be
erased, an uncorrected. cancelled impression of Plate VI. having been
used by the Editor for checking the figure in question.

LIST OF PLATES.

ACRIDIID.E.

ee

Eumastax surda, 9 ..............
Achurum sumichrasti, ¢
Mermiria texana, 2 ..............
[—— maculipennis, ¢ |
{Paropomala pallida, 9 |
[ virgata, 9 |
(Syrbula fuscovittata, ¢]..........
[Acrolophitus variegatus, ¢ |
Acrocara maculipennis, 9?

Macherocera sumichrasti, 9
Bootettix argentatus, 2
Ochrotettix salinus, 3

ee

Oe

ed

ee eee eee ae

Cr ee

Opeia mexicana, Q ..............
Amblytropidia mysteca, ?
Sisantum notochloris, 9

Orphula azteca, 3
(Parachloebata pratensis, Q |
Dichromorpha mexicana, 9?
Phaneroturis cupido, ¢
[Napaia gracilis, 3 |
Melanotettix dibelonus, J
Boépedon diabolicum, ?

Plectrotettix macneilli, 9
Zapata brevipennis*, 2
Psoloessa buddiana, 2
Goniatron planum, ¢

Encoptolophus herbaceus, @
Lactista punctatus, 9
Tomonotus aztecus, 2

ed

ee

oe eee eer ee ee ee we

ee ee ee ae

ey

|

ee ey

Ce er er

er oY

ee et ae

eo ere ee oer e er oe

Fig. Page.
|

15 22
16 22
14 23
6 34
19 38
9 89
28 40, 842
27 ~—s«-41, 842
25 45
3 48
1 49
7 51
24 52
4 56
5 56
13 58
15 6O
14 66
11 G9
23 73
10 | 84
18 87
17 88
Q 90
16 91
21 | 98
1 102
22 ~——-:108
8 104
20 113
13 141
1] 168
7,8 171

4
il

Plate Fig. «Page.
fAnconia integra, 9] ............ IT. 12 186
| Heliastus aridus, 2 .............. Il. 10. 190
Brachystola mexicana, @ ....... If. 4 195
behrensi, Q ........ 0. ee eee Il. 6 196
elsenl, Qo... eee eee IT. 5 196
[Tytthotyle maculata, Q].......... II. 9 197
| Phrynotettix tschivavensis*, ¢ , Il. 1 198
robustus®, ¢ .............. IL. 2 199 |
Or OOD, 3 199
[Calamicris californica*, 9 ]........1 IV. 24 201
[ a LV. 25 201
f mexicana’, 9] ............ IV. 26 201
Ichthydion mexicanum, 2 ........ IV. 22 202
Xyronotus aztecus, ¢ ............ IV. 23 203
Sphenarium borrei, ¢ ............ IV. 21 206
Procolpia emarginata®, ¢ ........ IT. 1 223
Tropinotus(Tropidonotus)mexicanus,?, IIT. 2 225
[Dracotettix monstrosus’, g] ...... III. 3 226
’ eee eee nee Il. 4 226
| plutonius®’, gd] ..........08 Lil. 5 227
- Colpolopha latipennis®, Q ........ II. 25 228
_Cibotopteryx variegata'’, 2 ........ II. 23 229
a IL. 24 229
Litoscirtus insularis, 9 ............ IIL. 6 231
Teniopoda picticornis, ¢ .......... II. 17 234
stli, Oo. e ee ee eee ee Il. 18 234
citricornis ’, Go... ee ee eee II. 19 234
obscura, Go... eee ee eee eee Il. 21 235
AUrICOrNIS, Gow. ke ee ee Il. 22 237
varipennis’’, S ...-.....08- Il. 20 237
Tropidacris dux ..........6-..000 II. 8 240
cardinalis ..............000. Lf. 10 240
imperialiS ............0.00.. It. 9 240)
Titanacris velasquezi.............. II. 7 24]
Rhicnoderma pugnax'®, Q ...... Til. 21 249, 342
Leptysma mexicana, 3. weteeee Ill. 25 253

™ Aulocara brevipennis on the Plate.

2 Haldemanella tchivavensis on the Plate.
3 Haldemanella robusta on the Plate.

* Atyphoscirtus californicus on the Plate.

° Atyphoscirtus mexicanus on the Plate.

& Munatia inclarata on the Plate.

7 Draconotus monstrosus on the Plate.

* Draconotus plutonius on the Plate.

° Colpolopha sinuata on the Plate.
'° Eleochlora juvenalis on the Plate.
1 Teniopoda centurio on the Plate.
* Teniopoda flavida on the Plate.
8 Aristia megacephala on the Plate.
‘* Cornops mexicanum on the Plate.

Vili

LIST OF PLATES.

Leptysma mexicana on the Plate.
Dellta mextcana on the Plate.

* Anniceris variegata on the Plate.

Anniceris nicaraque on the Plate.
Dichroplus mexicanus on the Plate.
Ommatolampis saussurei on the Plate.
Aspidophyma americana on the Plate.
Caulonita rabdotula on the Plate.

I
Plate Fig Page. || | Plate. | Fig
: |
| Leptysma marginicollis', @ ......... III. 24 253
-Bucopiocera rubripes, ¢ .......... II. 26 265 PuasMrD 2.
| Proctolabus brachypterus, 3 IIL. 19 266 ‘[Libethra rabdotula’, g]...... ‘ V.
or Oe © 8 14 266 || ed V.
' Leioscapheus variegotus*, 9 ........ If. 15 268 | Paradiapheromera strumosa, ¢ ...., Vz.
_Anniceris viridulus, ¢ ...........4: II. 16 269 | armata, Go... eee eee eee ee ee , Vv.
i © TTY, 17 269 | Bacunculus striatus, ¢ . V.
“Coscineuta coxalis, Q .........0.. Ill. 12 273 | —— ——, Qo ore ee eee ee eee es V.
olivacea, Qo... . ee eee ee eee lil. 13 | 274 | Diapheromera calearata, Q ........ VIL
| Zosperamerus zonatipes*, P ........ Ill. 13 274 | —— furcata, d............0004.. / OY,
| Abila(?) collaris, Q ........2..... TI. ll 275 | Pericentrus laciniatus®, ¢ ........ VI.
| Psilotettix obesus, Q eee cece eee. IV. 12 276 | Rhynchacris ornata, 2 ............ VI.
Clematodes larrew, (re IV. 1 284 | [Phantasis saussurei*®*, 9] ........ VI.
9 Q eee ee eee eee eee IV. 2 284 | Hypocyrtus scythrus”, 9 .......... VII.
Vilerna pygmea, 5 .......2...0.5- III. 22 285 substrumosus, ¢ ............ VIL.
fn III. 23 285 || yD ese cece cece eens VIL.
(&domerus corallipes, gd ]....... IV. 10 293 | [Lamponius guerini, 9] .......... VI.
Oa IV. 14 293 | Bostra dorsuaria, ¢ ............0. VI.
Dichroplus notatus ° 9D ccceceeevaee IV. 16: 301 | amplectens, ¢ ............055 Vv.
{ Barytettix crassus, d]............ lV. 8 | 305 |, [Bacteria ploiaria’, gJ............ | VII.
nn IV. 9 | 305 |! burkarti®, Qo... eee VII.
Sinaloa behrensi, d ............. IV. 11 309 | [Acanthoclonia erinacea“, @]...... VIII.
Agroscotettix modestus, 9 ........ IV. 13 312 | [Setosa versicolor, Q] ..........-. VIII.
Paraidemona mimica, ¢ .......... i JV. 20 313 || [Eucles imperialis, 9] ............ VIII.
| Melanoplus nitidus, 2 beeen eee. lV. 18 | 321 | { rs fr VIII.
Aa IV. 19 | 321 || Tenerella tenerrima, ¢ ............ VIII.
geniculatus, 3 re IV. 15 | 322 || Brizoides nigricornis ’, 9 .......... VIII.
sumichrasti, ¢ ....-......... TV. ij 326 || Chlorophasma hyalinum, 9 ........| VIII.
thomasi, ¢ ........ 2... ee, IV. 7 327 |, [Euphasma bicorne, 9 ]............ VIII.
Philocleon nigrovittatus, d ........ IV. 17 330 || [Metriotes armatus, 9]............ VIlt.
Teinophaus saussurei®, J .......... IV. 3,4 332 || [Creoxylus spinosus, ¢] .......... VIII.
—_—— 9 Q eee e eee e eee eaee IV. 5 332 a VIII.
Perixerus levis, 6 ...........6.. III. 20 334 || | Xera debilis, os rn Vill.
Microtylopteryx fusiformis’, 3 IV. 27 341 || Damasippus striatus, ¢ .......... VIII.
Qo cece cece eee eee VIL.

Phantasis subconstricta on the Plate.
Hypocirtus strwmosus on the Plate.
Phanocles plovaria on the Plate.
Phanocles burkartit on the Plate.
Acanthoclina crinaceus on the Plate.
Briza nigricornis on the Plate.

BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA.

ZOOLOGIA. |

Class INSECTA.

Order ORTHOPTERA (continued).

Fam. ACRIDIIDA*.

The family Acridiide among the Orthoptera is one of the most extensive and
important groups of insects belonging to the order. Although considerable attention
has already been devoted to them by entomologists, they remain little known when
compared with the other related families. This is perhaps largely due to the fact that
Dr. H. de Saussure, our most active worker in Orthoptera during recent years, has
devoted bis energies to the Blattide, Mantide, Gryllide, and Locustide. It is also
quite probable that the material difference in haunts and habits among the various
species of locusts, as compared with the insects belonging to the families just named,
renders them less conspicuous. ‘This being the case, the general collector passes many
forms by when otherwise he might have observed and taken them.

Although the material submitted to the writer by the Editors is less complete than
could be desired, this deficiency has been in a measure made good by the study of
a number of public and private collections. Especially deserving mention are those
of the United States National Museum, the California Academy of Sciences, the
American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the Museo Nacional,
Tacubaya, Mexico. Of the private collections, those furnished by Dr. Henri de
Saussure, of Geneva, Switzerland; Samuel H. Scudder, Cambridge, Massachusetts ;

* By Lawrence Bruner, Professor of Entomology in the University of Nebraska, U.S.A. The Subfam.
Tettiginze by Arzert P. Morse, Curator of Zoological Museum, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., June 1900. Bs

2 ORTHOPTERA.

Charles C. Deam, Bluffton, Indiana; Professor W. S. Blatchley, Indianapolis, Indiana ;
O. W. Barrett, Tacubaya, Mexico, are most important. The writer is especially
indebted to Dr. H. de Saussure, who was kind enough to send the types of a number
of the species described by him during his active days in connection with the natural
history of Mexico, by means of which it has been possible to clear up many points
regarding the synonymy of several genera and species. He has also to thank Samuel
H. Scudder for his advice and co-operation during the preparation of this work.

The Acridiide are represented in Central America by seven of the nine subfamilies
or tribes recognized by Brunner v. Wattenwyl in his ‘ Révision du Systéme des |
Orthoptéres.” They may be separated by the following table :-—

Table for determining the Subfamilies of Acridiide.

A’. Claws without cushion or arolium between them; pronotum extending
over the abdomen; tegmina lobiform . . . » . . . . TETTIGINE.
A’. Claws with cushion or arolium present.
b'. Antenne shorter than the front femora. . . . . . . . . . . Masracina.
6°, Antenne longer than the front femora.
c’. Prosternum smooth, not provided with a tubercle, swelling, or spine.
d’, Fastigium of the vertex but little declivous, meeting the face in a
more or less well-defined angle; the face usually very oblique. _
Wings as arule without dusky band . . . . . . ). ). .) OTRryxanine*,
d’, Fastigium of the vertex rounded at its point of junction with the ,
face; the latter vertical or nearly so. Wings usually with
coloured disk and well-defined dusky band . . . . . . . C&prropine*.
c’. Prosternum in front laminately elevated, tuberculate or spined.
d’. Foveole of the vertex above, contiguous, forming the apex of the
fastigium. Front strongly receding oo - . « PyRcomorPHIne.
d*. Foveole of the vertex above (but never forming the apex of the
vertex) or lateral, or below, or wanting.
e'. Foveolz above, open behind. Prosternum swollen, rarely spined. Pampuacina,
e’. Foveole lateral or inferior, closed behind or (often) entirely

wanting. Prosternum distinctly spined or tuberculate - ACRIDIINA.

* These two subfamilies are occasionally difficult to distinguish, therefore there is given here, in an English
form, the detailed distinctions laid down by Stal (Recensio Orthopt. i. pp. 6-7) :—

Fastigium of vertex not or slightly, rarely strongly, declivous; front trending more or less,
generally strongly and obliquely, backward ; eyes generally longer than the infra-ocular
portion of the gene, rarely shorter or of equal length, and in these cases the front is very
oblique ; antenne sometimes ensiform, inserted between or below the middle (‘‘inter medium
vel pone medium”) of the eyes. Metazona rarely longer, generally shorter than the prozona,

ACRIDIIDA. 3

Subfam. TETTIGINA.

This group of locusts, in consequence of the diminutive size, dull colouring, and
inconspicuous habits of its members, has long been neglected by collectors and
systematists alike. Very few specimens find their way into collections, and, in
consequence, they are exceptionally difficult to separate into species. In many cases
differences in structure of the most obvious character formerly regarded as indicative
of specific distinctness and used in description have been discovered to be of little or
no value; on the other hand, the gradation of forms is so close, and the systematic
differences between them in many groups so slight, that individual variation encroaches
largely on specific characters. When in addition to these factors we encounter also

the hind margin rarely rectangulate or subrectangulate, generally obtuse, the median
carina not cristate ; sulci of the prozona either obliterated or interrupted on the disk, the
posterior of these not or but very slightly recurved, never confluent with the principal
sulcus (i. ¢. that separating the prozona and metazona); lateral lobes generally narrowed
in passing downward, rarely longer than deep, with parallel anterior and posterior margins ;
tegmina generally lacking the intercalary vein, the anal and axillary veins generally united
at a greater or less distance from the base; arolia generally of medium size or large;
metasternal lobes not or but slightly separated . . . . 1. «© «© © «© «© « » © | TRYXALINA,
Fastigium of vertex generally strongly declivous, slightly or very slightly prominent; front not
or very slightly oblique, generally vertical or subvertical ; eyes generally small or rather
small, rarely a little longer than the infra-ocular portion of the gene; antenne linear or
sublinear, generally inserted above the middle of the eyes, sometimes almost above the eyes
themselves (“ plerumque ante medium, interdum fere ante oculos”). Pronotum furnished
with a median carina often wholly or partly cristate, the metazona typically longer than the
prozona, the hind margin generally rectangulate or subrectangulate, the sulci of the prozona
either interrupted or the anterior sulcus alone continuous and bisecting the carina or crest,
rarely both continuous, the posterior sulcus recurved and frequently confluent with the
principal sulcus; lateral lobes transverse (7. ¢. longer than deep) or subtransverse, the front
and hind margins parallel or subparallel ; tegmina generally furnished with an interealary
vein, the anal and axillary veins frequently running free to the margin; hind femora
generally broad, and above and below compressed ; arolia small ; metasternal lobes generally
somewhat distant . 2... 1 ee ee ee ee ee te ww we ew oe + ~<CApIPODINA,

To this may be added also the following from Brunner v. Wattenwyl (Rév, Syst. Orthopt. p. 102, nota) :—

The distinction between the Tryxalinze and Cidipodine is somewhat arbitrary and rests on individual
perception (‘l’estimation personelle”), When, however, the relative position of the front and the vertex (on
which he rests his tabular distinction) leaves one in doubt, the presence or absence of foveole may guide one—
Tryxaline having in this case very distinct foveole, while in the (Edipodinz they are effaced. Moreover, the
species here taken into consideration, when they are Tryxaline have the mediastinal and scapular areas of
the tegmina regularly reticulate by transverse veinlets ; while if they are (Edipodine these areas are always
very irregularly reticulated.

Bs 2

4 ORTHOPTERA.

those incident to wide distribution, with its concomitant differences in environment, wé
have presented an amount of difficulty before which the most experienced systematist
may reasonably pause. Notwithstanding, it is a most interesting assemblage—containing
many graceful, grotesque, dainty, bizarre, and beautiful forms, as a glance at the pages
of Bolivar’s monograph will show—and offers to the student of variation, of evolution
of form, a field where he will be put upon his mettle.

_ A point has been reached, in some genera at least, where the methods of study and
publication hitherto in vogue must give way to something better, more thorough and
scientific: material must be secured in sufficient series and from particular localities ;
descriptions, however minute and carefully worded, must be accompanied by drawings
of details known or likely to be of diagnostic value, in order to convey a sufficiently
definite knowledge of the form described. This plan, which I had hoped to follow in
the present treatise, I have reluctantly been compelled to abandon. Nor can I hope
to have been more uniformly successful in the discrimination of species than my
predecessors.

The sequence of groups and genera is that adopted by Bolivar in his scholarly
‘Essai’ *, a work that is a necessity to the student of the subfamily. The keys to
genera and species are based upon this, though | have discarded certain characters
which experience has shown to be misleading or of little importance—notably that of
difference in extent of pronotum and wings, a kind of dimorphism of very common
occurrence in the entire family.

The most useful characters of practical value are those drawn from the form and
proportions of the eyes, vertex, and facial costa; the form of the pronotum and its
parts (exclusive of mere length); of the femora, especially the intermediate ; and, to
some extent, the proportionate length of the joints of the posterior tarsi. I have also
made some use (e.g. in Tettigidea) of a character not hitherto reported which should
be explained here. Ifa sufficient number of Tettigine be examined, it will be noticed
that opposite the distal end of the tegmina the lateral carine run obliquely downward
and backward from the dorsal edge of the disk of the pronotum to the ventral edge of
the hind process. Behind this point the dorsal edge of the process is usually formed
by a carina which generally is continued forward a greater or less distance nearly
parallel to the lateral carina, sometimes not disappearing until after it has crossed the
shoulder, and separating in such cases a narrow triangular or linear area from the rest
of the disk. This carina I have called the humero-apical carina, and the area cut off
by it the scapular area (see figures of Otumha and Tettigidea). Under measurements,
“total length” refers to the distance from the vertex to the end of the pronotum or
wings as the case may be.

Besides Bolivar’s ‘ Essai,’ the only work worthy of note in connection with the region

* Bolivar, Ign., “ Essai sur les Acridiens de la Tribu des Tettigide ” [Annales de la Société Entomologique
de Belgique, xxxi. pp. 175-313, tabb. 4, 5 (1887)]. . .

TETTIGIN A, 5

under. consideration is Prof. Bruner’s short article on “Nicaraguan Orthoptera” *,
containing the description of one species and brief mention of seven others, with several
figures. Under bibliography I have referred simply to the original description, to the
monograph, and to publications treating of the region under consideration.

In addition to the material sent me for examination by the Editors of the ‘ Biologia,’
I have had for study and treatment a considerable number of Tettiginee from Central
America contained in the collections of Prof. Bruner (including most of those referred
to in his above-mentioned paper) and of Mr. S. H. Scudder—in all, over 150 specimens.
To these gentlemen I desire to express my obligations for this privilege, and for
the opportunity to study other forms whose identity was of importance relative to the
nomenclature of the material here considered.

Key to Groups and Genera.

A. Anterior femora carinate above.
B. Facial costa very widely forked, forming a facial scutellum’. CLADONOTA.
(Elytra and wings absent.) . . . . . TYLOTETTIX, gen, nov.
BB. Facial costa narrowly forked, or, if widely so, "with elytra
present.
C. Posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum turned
outward, obliquely truncate behind . . . . . . . METRODORZ.
D. Mid-carina of pronotum conspicuously _ serrato -
undulate. Elytra minute, elongate ; vertex concave. CHIRIQUIA, gen. nov.
DD. Pronotum flat above, little depressed. ayes lanceo-
late. Body slender . . . .-. . Orumsa, gen. nov.
DDD. Pronotum strongly depressed. Body stout, Vertex
truncate. Hlytra and wings absent . . . . . PuatyrHorus, gen. nov.
CC. Posterior angles of lateral lobes of pronotum turned
downward . .... sos ~ + 6 « - « TETTIGLA.
EK. Facial costa widely forked, scutelliform, A short
supernumerary carina midway between the humeral
angles and the mid-carina. . . . . . OcHETOTETTIX, gen. nov.
EE. Facial costa narrowly forked; rami parallel or little
divergent.
F. Vertex considerably wider than eye, more or less
advanced. Antenne stout, joints short and
broad. Pulvilli of posterior tarsi flat or rounded
below . ...... ~~. . . . . Terrrx, Latr.
FF. Vertex truncate, narrow, equal to or narrower
than eye, rarely a little wider. Antenne slender.
Pulvillispiculate . . . . . . . . . | © Pararerrrx, Bol.

* Bruner, Lawrence, ‘‘ Nicaraguan Orthoptera” [Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History of the
State University of Iowa, iii. no. 3, pp. 58-69, tabb. 2, 3 (1895)]. |

6 ORTHOPTERA.

AA. Anterior femora sulcate above. . . . . +. =. +--+ + +. + BATRACHIDEA.
G. Sides of vertex terminating anteriorly in distinct, oblique,
transverse, subhorizontal carinz.
H. Facial costa sinuous in profile. Elytra minute, elongate.
Posterior sinus of lateral lobes barely indicated . . . . PLEcCTRONOTUS, gen. nov.
HH. Facial costa convex in profile. Elytra ovate, of normal
size. Posterior sinus normal . . .. . . . .- . . Terricipsa, Scudd.
GG. Sides of vertex convex, transverse carine obsolete. . . . . Scarza, Bol.

Group CLADONOTZ.

TYLOTETTIX, gen. nov.

Related to Diotarus, but having the face retreating, the facial scutellum deeply concave, with high marginal
caring ; the vertex strongly convex in front, with a very prominent mid-carina ; the anterior margin of

the pronotum truncate; the genicular and femoral lobes of the hind femora prominent. The type is
T. sinuatus, described below.

1. Tylotettix sinuatus, sp. n.
Crimisus sp., Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61, t. 3. fig. 17.

Face retreating, with prominent carine ; in profile, slightly excavated at the lower edge of the scutellum,
deeply (almost rectangularly) so at its upper margin, where the carinz unite to form the very prominent
mid-vertical carina, which is continued backward to a point just behind the level of the front margin of
the eyes. Seen from above, the vertex is twice the width of one of the
eyes, the mid-carina projects in front of the eyes nearly the width of one

of them, and on each side of this the front margin of the vertex is formed 9
by a short transverse carina projecting convexly between the mid-carina J
and the eyes, but reaching neither. Pronotum rather sharply tectiform, the 7) :

mid-carina cristate, arched anteriorly, nearly straight posteriorly ; front
margin truncate; hind process abbreviated, not reaching the apex of the
hind femora, with rounded, subemarginate tip; lateral carine bent inward,
elevated and compressed behind the humeral angles, sinuate in both dorsal
and lateral views ; hind process with oblique elevated ruge, three or four
on each side, running inward and forward from the humero-apical carine
nearly to the mid-carina; scapular area, wings, and elytra absent. Fore
and mid-femora stout, two and one-half times as long as wide, strongly
carinate, lobate beneath with strongly sinuate margins; hind femora stout, genicular and femoral lobes
prominent.

Total length, ¢, 8°7: pronotum 7°7; post. fem. 5-25; antennz 2°3 millim.
Hab. Nicaracua (Shimek, in coll. Bruner ').

One male, from “a swampy locality.”

Group METRODORZ.

CHIRIQUIA, gen. nov.

Related to Pterotettix, especially in the form of the elytra, but differing from that genus in having the posterior
ocelli below the level of the eyes and also in the structure of the vertex.

CHIBIQUIA.—OTUMBA. 7

1. Chiriquia serrata, sp. n.
Cota saxosa (Bol. ?, part.), Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61°.

Body somewhat depressed. Face moderately retreating. Eyes large, globose, very prominent, elevated on the
sides of the vertex. Antenne inserted below the level of the eyes, equidistant from the eyes and
each other. Posterior ocelli barely below the level of the eyes. Vertex horizontal, elevated at the
sides above the eyes to form transverse carine running obliquely downward and inward to the
mid-carina; the latter conspicuous from above, but hidden in side
view by the prominent eyes, dividing opposite their lower part into
high, rather widely divergent antrorse rami; from above, the vertex
is nearly twice the width of one of the eyes, distinctly excavate, with a
prominent median tooth (the mid-carina) reaching the level of the front
margin of the eyes. Face in profile strongly crenate, the middle arc
formed by the prominent rami of the frontal costa, the upper arc by the
eyes terminated by a minute portion of the transverse carine of the
vertex. Pronotum with truncate anterior margin and cuneate apex, of
moderate width at the shoulders, granulate, rather flat above, with the
exception of several prominent transverse ruge, which form on the
mid-carina a series of low teeth between the shoulders and apex, and in
front of the humeral angles a high cristiform eminence convexly arcuate
in front, concave behind, its height from the shoulders equal to two-thirds
the depth of the lateral lobes ; lateral lobes laminate, strongly produced,
squarely truncate at the apex. Elytra minute, the exposed portion linear, five times as long as broad.
Wings fully developed, reaching the apex of the pronotum, which passes the abdomen by about 1 millim.
Anterior and middle femora very slender, the latter five times as long as broad, with irregularly sinuate
margins ; (hind legs missing).

Total length, ¢, 9°4: pronotum 8 millim.

Hab. Nicaraeva, Castillo (Shimek, in coll. Bruner!); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui
2500 to 4000 feet (Champion).

Two males. Prof. Bruner’s specimen is immature, and he referred it with some
doubt to another genus, as noted above ; but so similar is it to the adult male from
Chiriqui described that I have no doubt of their specific identity.

OTUMBA, gen. nov.

Related to Metrodora. Face strongly retreating. Eyes very large and prominent, elevated. Vertex truncate.
Pronotum somewhat depressed, flat above ; humero-apical carine exceptionally developed and separated
from the lateral carinw by a deep groove; scapular area very large; external angles of lateral lobes
rectangular. Femora elongate, slender.

1. Otumba scapularis, sp. n.
Amorphopus sp., Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 61, t. 3. fig. 2°.

Antenne long, reaching the humeral angles, filiform, very slender, joints 9-12 the longest. Face very
retreating, convex opposite the insertion of the antenne, which are placed a little below the level of
the eyes. Eyes very large, globose, and prominent, Posterior ocelli exceptionally large, situated
between the lower part of the eyes. Vertex truncate, scarcely as wide as one of the eyes, horizontal,
terminating anteriorly in oblique transverse carine; the mid-carina distinct but very small; facial
costa forking at the middle of the eyes (behind the ocelli) into very narrowly divergent, nearly

8 ORTHOPTERA.

straight, moderately elevated antrorse rami, which are rather widely open below. Pronotum
somewhat depressed, elongate, truncate in front, subulate behind, flat above, slightly depressed at the
shoulders, granulate, coarsely rugose anteriorly, slightly
swollen on each side between the end of the humero-apical
carina and principal suleus; the shoulders narrow, humeral
angles very obtuse, sides of the hind process straight, mid-
carina scarcely distinct, lateral carine prominent ; humero-
apical carinz distinct, continued forward in a straight line on
the shoulders to meet the lateral carinz 1 millim. behind the
principal sulcus, and separated from them by a deep narrow
groove opposite the apex of the elytra. Elytra elongate, four
times as long as wide, narrowly lanceolate, subacute at each
end, nearly straight above, arcuate below. Anterior and
middle femora slender (6x1, 5x1), with undulate margins ;
hind femora long and slender, genicular and femoral lobes small. Third joint of posterior tarsi equal
to or a little longer than the first.

General colour rufous-brown, varied with fuscous, with blotches of pale green on the hind femora and on
sides of the pronotum.

Total length, 9, 12°5: pronotum 11°4; post. fem. 6; antenne 4; width of the shoulders 2°6 millim.

Hab. Nicaraaua, Greytown (Shimek, in coll. Bruner),

One female.
PLATYTHORUS, gen. nov.

Related to Amorphopus, but possessing elongate antenne, with very large basal joints inserted on a level with
the lower margin of the eyes; the anterior and middle femora little expanded ; posterior tarsi with the
first joint longer than the third; lateral lobes of pronotum turned outward, obliquely truncate, obtuse,
and rounded.

1. Platythorus camurus, sp. n.

Body much depressed, granulate. Eyes of moderate size. Vertex horizontal, one and one-third times as wide
as one of the eyes, squarely truncate, with small but distinct mid-carina, the transverse carine separated
from it by a shallow groove, but continued into a low ridge running backward along each side of the
mid-carina. Antenne elongate, distinctly passing the shoulders, filiform,
joints 7-10 the longest, the basal joint two-thirds the width of one of the
eyes in length, inserted in a line with the lower margin of the eyes. Facial
costa low above, forking midway between the ocelli and vertex into high,
narrowly divergent rami, which form in profile a strong protuberance |
opposite the points of insertion of the antenne. Pronotum strongly
depressed, granulate, flat above, truncate in front, cuneate behind, with
pinched, almost mucronate apex; mid-carina distinct in front of and
behind the shoulders, nearly obsolete elsewhere, in profile undulate; lateral
caring prominent, divergent anteriorly, humeral angles very obtuse ; lateral
lobes laminately produced, obliquely truncate at the apex, angles obtuse,
rounded. Llytra and wings absent. Anterior and middle femora strongly
carinate, with sinuato-lobate margins ; hind femora partaking of the
general depressed form of the body, but very stout from side to side; femoral lobes small, genicular lobes
prominent, acutely pointed.

Total length, 2, 9°6: pronotum 85; post. fem. 6-3; antenne 55-6 (estimated) millim.

Hab. Nicaraeva, Chontales (Janson).

One female.

OCHETOTETTIX. 9

Group TETTIGIA.
OCHETOTETTIX, gen. nov.

Related to and resembling Neotettix, but differing from that genus in the wider furcation of the facial
costa, which approaches that of the Cladonote; in the presence of supernumerary carine between the
humeral angles and the mid-carina; and in having the humero-apical carine joined to the lateral carine ;
leaving no scapular area.

Key to Species.
Lateral lobes of pronotum with the posterior sinus very shallow . . . . . . Obarretti, Hanc.
Lateral lobes of pronotum with the posterior sinus of normal size. . . . . . volans, sp.n.

1. Ochetotettix barretti, Hanc.
Neotettiz barretti, Hancock, Ent. News, x. p. 277 (Dec. 1899) *.

Vertex very broad, twice the width of one of the eyes, and projecting in advance of them, its front margin
convex, with a prominent median tooth, the mid-carina, whose apex is nearly half the length of one of
the eyes in advance of their front margin ; shallowly excavate above on each side of the mid-carina; the
crown elevated, with indications of mammille close to and nearly opposite the middle of the eyes. Eyes
of moderate size, but little protuberant. Face in profile convex, with a slight emargination at the lower
end of the rami of the facial costa. Antennze very sbort, inserted just below the level of the eyes
separated by a space three to four times greater than the distance between them and the eyes. Facial
costa forking high up, opposite the upper part of the eyes ; the rami of moderate height, smoothly sinuous,
convergent below, forming a deep, concave, broadly lanceolate scutellum, acutely pointed above. Pronotum
moderately tectiform, truncate before, cuneate behind, reaching the apex of the hind femora, the humeral
angles very obtuse, sides of hind process nearly straight ; surface granular-tuberculate ; mid- and lateral
carine prominent, sharp, the former arched in front of the shoulders, straight or slightly undulate behind.
Supernumerary carinule short, distinct, placed just in front of the humeral angles, parallel to the lateral
carine, midway between them and the mid-carina. Lateral lobes with the posterior sinus very shallow,
somewhat as in Nomotettiz. Elytra narrowly lanceolate, rounded at the apex. Wings absent. Anterior
and middle femora short and stout, of the female 23 x1, of the male almost clypeate, barely 2x1, the
lower margins lobate ; hind femora stout, genicular and femoral lobes conspicuous,

Total length, ¢ 7, 9 6°8-8: pronotum, ¢ 6, 9 6-2-7; post.fem., ¢ 4, 2 4-45; antenne, J 1:5, 9 2millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chilpancingo in Guerrero, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith).

A male from Atoyac and three females from Chilpancingo.

2. Ochetotettix volans, sp. n.

A larger species, with fully developed wings and pro-
notum, readily distinguished from its congener by
having the posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum of normal size; the surface is more
smoothly granulate; the shoulders broader, with
more pronounced humeral angles ; the elytra larger,
long-elliptical, with rounded apex. ‘The femora are
of the same general character, but less stout, especi-
ally the intermediate pair of the male.

Total length, g 11-11:5, 2 12-12°8: pronotum, ¢ 10:5, 2 11-11:7; post. fem., ¢ 45-48, 2 5-5°6;
antenne, ¢ 2, 9 2-25; pronotum beyond post. fem. 3-3'5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos, Chilpancingo, Venta de Zopilote, Xucumanatlan, and
Omilteme, all in Guerrero, 1000 to 8000 teet (HZ. H. Smith).

‘Two males and five females. .
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IT., August 1900. Co

10 ORTHOPTERA.

TETTIX, Latr.

Tetriz, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. et Ins. xii. p. 161 (1804).
Tettiz, Charpentier, in Germar’s Zeitschr. fir Ent. ii. p. 815 (1841) ; Bolivar, Ann. Soe. Ent.
Belg. xxxi. pp. 195, 257.

It is with some doubt that I refer the two following forms to this genus, since they
seem in some particulars to be almost as closely related to Paratettix. It is possible
that further research may assign them a place distinct from either, but at present I am
reluctant to do so in the absence of sufficient material to justify that course.

Key to Species.

Pronotum convex on the shoulders in both sections, subulate; mid-carina

distinct behind the shoulders, but not elevated . . . . . . COnverUS, SP. D.
Pronotum tectiform, abbreviated ; mid-carina elevated throughout, suberistiform
anteriorly . 2. 2. 6 1 1 ee ee ee ee ew we ww ew ee bectus, Sp. T

1. Tettix convexus, sp. n.

Antenne stout. Eyes small, globose. Vertex nearly twice as wide as one of the eyes, truncato-convex, a
little advanced ; mid-carina small, little produced. Facial costa rather widely sulcate, sides subparallel,
in profile advanced before the eyes, smoothly convex opposite the points of insertion of the antenne, slightly
concave above them. Pronotum truncate anteriorly, subulate behind, granose-scabrous, convex on the
shoulders in both sections ; the mid-carina elevated and subcompressed anteriorly, slightly depressed and
scarcely distinct on the shoulders, distinct but not elevated behind them. Wings caudate, passing the
hind process. Elytra oblong, rounded or subacuminate at the tip. Femora rather slender ; mid-femora
with both margins gently sinuate. Pulvilli of hind tarsi flat or rounded below, the second and third
equal.

Total length, ¢ 11°7, 9 12:5: pronotum, g 10:3, 9 10-10°7; post. fem., ¢ 4°6, 9 5-5°4; antenne,
6, 2 millim.

Hab. Mzxico, Mexico city (Bruner, F. D. Godman).

A pair in Prof. Bruner’s collection and a female obtained by Mr. Godman. This
is a peculiar species, bearing considerable resemblance to Paratettix rugosus, but
distinguished from it by the wider and somewhat advanced vertex, the smaller eyes,
stouter antenne, less robust form, and unexpanded middle femora of the male.

2. Tettix (?) tectus, sp. n.

Antenne stout, joints very short and broad. Vertex nearly twice as wide as one of the eyes, a little advanced,
truncato-convex, the mid-carina prominent. Eyes small, globose. Facial costa rather narrowly sulcate,
moderately protuberant, in profile convex opposite the points of insertion of the antenne, shallowly
excavate opposite the eyes. Pronotum obtusely tectiform, anterior margin truncate, apex cuneate, not
passing the hind femora; mid-carina elevated, subcristate anteriorly, depressed and sinuate on the
shoulders, undulate behind them. Anterior femora with the margins entire or slightly undulate. Middle
femora stout, the margins slightly sinuate, with three small lobes above and two below. Posterior femora
robust. Posterior tarsi with the pulvilli flat or rounded below. ©

Total length, g 7°5-8, 2 8-3: pronotum, d 6°7-7°-4, 2 7:4; post. fem., g 4:5, 9 4°8; antenna, g,
2:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mexico city (Bruner, H. H. Smith).

TETTIX,.—PARATETTIX. 1

Two males obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith and a female in Prof. Bruner’s collection.
This species bears a striking resemblance in profile to Paratettix sinuatus, but the form
of the antenna, pulvilli, and vertex seems to bring it to this genus. The female hasa
malformation of the pronotum in the shape of a convex elevation running transversely
across the middle of the hind process.

PARATETTIX, Bol.*
Paratettiz, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. pp. 195, 270 (1887).

This is the dominant genus of the group Tettigie in subtropical countries, taking
the place of Zetéix in more northern climes. Like Tettiv and Tettigidea, it includes an
assemblage of forms approaching each other so closely as to tax the most critical eye.
This fact, accompanied as it is by individual and geographic variations, and usually
complicated by the lack of material in satisfactory series, makes the genus a most
perplexing one to the systematist. Of the eight species reported from Central America
I have seen all but two. ‘There are doubtless others to be found; nor is it impossible
that some forms here regarded as varieties, and provisionally referred to species, should
be given specific rank, while others may perhaps prove to be synonyms.

Key to Species.
A. First and third joints of posterior tarsi of equal length . . . . . . peruvianus, Bol.
AA. First joint of posterior tarsi longer than third.
B. Margins of the middle femora strongly sinuato-lobate.
C. Middle femora very widely expanded, clypeate . . . . . . schochi, Bol.
CC. Middle femora little expanded.

D. Vertex equai to eye or a little wider, sometimes very slightly
advanced. Pronotum elevated at the shoulders; mid-
carina elevated throughout, subcristate anteriorly. Middle
femora broad, strongly sinuato-lobate. . . . . . . toltecus, Sauss.

DD. Vertex equal to eye or a little narrower, truncate; eyes
more prominent. Pronotum rather flat on the shoulders ;
mid-carina less elevated, sometimes indistinct posteriorly.
Middle femora not quite as broad . . . . . « « . =mexicanus, Sauss.

BB. Margins of the middle femora entire or nearly so.
E. Vertex wider than eye.
F, Pronotum rather flat above, long-subulate; mid-carina

distinct, but low, except in front of the shoulders, where
it is subcompressed and elevated . . . . . . . . durus, sp.n.

FF. Pronotum with the shoulders more elevated; mid-carina
higher, acute, compressed throughout, subcristate i in front
of the shoulders ; hind process abbreviated . . 6 « + Stnuatus, sp. n.

* Since these pages have been in type, the genus Paratettiv has been divided into three by Hancock K [Ent.
News, x. pp. 275-277 (Dec. 1899)], under the names Allotettix, Paratettix, and Telmatettix.

Cc 2

12 . ORTHOPTERA.

EE. Vertex narrower than eye.
G. Mid-carina of the pronotum subgibbous anteriorly . . . fallax, Bol.
GG. Mid-carina of the pronotum scarcely elevated . . . . . aztecus, Sauss.

1. Paratettix peruvianus, Bol.
Paratettix peruvianus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 272 (1887); Giglio-Tos, Boll. d.
Mus. di Zool. ed Anat, Comp. d. R. Univ. di Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) *.

Hab. Panama, Colon 2, Rio Cianati, Punta di Sabana, Darien ?.—Perrv }.

Unknown to me. Lately referred to a new genus, Allotettix, by Hancock.

2. Paratettix schochi, Bol.
Paratettix schochii, Bolivar, Ann, Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 274 (1887) *; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat.
Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62”.
Total length, ¢ 10-7-13°5, 9 14-17°5: pronotum, ¢ 8-6-11°3, 2 11°5-15; post. fem., ¢ 45-6, 9 6-7°5;
pronotum beyond post. fem., ¢ 2-25, 9 2:56-3°5; wings beyond pronotum, ¢ 1-2, 2 1°58 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Colima (coll. S. H. Scudder: 2), Chilpancingo, Rincon, and Xucu-
manatlan, all in Guerrero, 2800 to 7000 feet (H. H. Smith: 3 ¢ ), Jalapa (coll. Bruner?) ;
GUATEMALA’, near the city (Champion: 3 9); Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson: ¢),
Ometépe (Shimek, in coll. Bruner?: 3 9).

This is an easily recognizable species, though very variable in size, as the above-
given measurements show.

3. Paratettix toltecus, Sauss.
Tettix tolteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 401°.

Paratettix toliecus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 273°; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ.
Jowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.

Paratettix toltecus extensus, Morse, Journ. New York Ent. Soc. vii. p. 198 (1899) ‘.
Hab. Norra America, South-western United States, Lower California.—Mexico ! 2,
Cuernavaca (Deans, in coll. Bruner); Nicaragua, Ometépe (Shimek, in coll. Bruner 4),

This species is common in the South-western United States of America, having
been recorded from California, Colorado, Arizona, and Texas, and is probably more
plentiful in Mexico than the material at hand seems to indicate. I have also seen
specimens from San José del Cabo, Lower California, Cuernavaca, and Ometépe.

The long-winged form is distinguished as P. toltecus extensus ; it has been found in
California 4, as well as at Ometépe, Nicaragua 4.

_ _4. Paratettix mexicanus, Sauss.
Tettia mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400%.
Paratettiz mexicanus (part.), Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 275’.
Paratettix caudatus, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Towa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.

PARATETTIX. 13

Hab. Nortu America, Pinal Mountains, Arizona.— Mexico! 2, Savanito and Sierra
Nola (coll. Scudder), Cuernavaca, ‘Teapa (H. H. Smith), Atoyac (H. H. Smith, Schumann),
San Rafael, Vera Cruz (Townsend, in coll. Bruner), Medellin, Vera Cruz (Heyde, in coll.
Bruner ; H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo, near Cordova (M. Trujillo); GuateMa.a, near the
city (Champion); Nicaraeua (coll. Bruner ®); Costa Rica, Caché, Volcan de Irazu
(Rogers). |

The majority of the specimens of Paratettix that I have seen from Central America
belong to this species or to varieties thereof. Bolivar? reports P. meaxicanus from
Texas, Georgia, and North Carolina, but it is probable that he regarded P. cucullatus
as a variety of it.

5. Paratettix durus, sp. n.

Vertex truncate, wider than one of the eyes, transverse, narrowed anteriorly , mid-carina little produced.
Eyes prominent, oblong. Facial costa rather widely sulcate ; rami evenly divergent, sometimes sub-
parallel, in profile little protuberant. Pronotum rather flat above, except anteriorly, scabrous-granulate ;
mid-carina subcompressed and elevated anteriorly, depressed at the shoulders, acute but not elevated,
undulate or nearly horizontal behind them; hind process subulate, passing posterior femora about
2 millim. Elytra oblong, subacuminate or rounded at the apex. Wings caudate, passing pronotal process
1-2 millim., infuscated at the apex. Anterior femora subundulate beneath; middle femora rather stout,
entire or very slightly undulate above, subsinuate beneath. First joint of posterior tarsi distinctly longer
than the third.

Total length, ¢, 10-11'5: pronotum 8°7-9°3 ; post. fem. 4-3-5; antenne 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Heyde, in coll. Bruner), 'Teapa and Frontera

in Tabasco (H. H. Smith).

Six specimens, all males—four from Vera Cruz and two from Tabasco, one of the
latter now being without head.

6. Paratettix sinuatus, sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding, P. dwrus, but differing from it in having the mid-carina of the pronotum more
elevated throughout and more sinuate in profile, and the pronotum a little more elevated on the shoulders.
Hind process of the pronotum abbreviated, cuneate, not passing the hind femora, and of the same length
as the wings.

Total length, ¢ 68-74, Q 84-9: pronotum, ¢ 6°3-6°7, Q 74-76; post. fem. g 44-47, 2 5;
antenne, ¢ 2°5, 9 2°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato (Deans, in coll. Bruner: 3), San Rafael, Vera Cruz
(Townsend, in coll. Bruner: 3 2).

Two pairs from San Rafael and a male from Guanajuato. This may possibly prove
to be a short-winged form of the preceding species.

7. Paratettix fallax, Bol.
Paratettix fallax, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 282 (1887) *.

Hab. GuaTEMALA t.

14 ORTHOPTERA.

I am unacquainted with this species, but according to Bolivar’s description it is even
smaller than P. aztecus. It was described from a female from Guatemala.

8. Paratettix aztecus, Sauss.

Tettix azteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400°.

Paratettiz aztecus, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 282’.

Total length, ¢ 7:5-11°3, 9 9-3-1385: pronotum, ¢ 5°6-8-7, @ 8-11; post. fem., ¢ 3:7-4:5, 2 45-6;
antenne, ¢ 3, 2 3; pronotum beyond post. fem., ¢ 0-2, 2 0°5-2; wings beyond pronotal process,
3 0°8-1:8, 9 0°3-1-7 millim.

Hab. Norru America, Arizona, California ?.—MeExico !, Northern Sonora (Morrison),
Villa Lerdo in Durango (Hége), Tepic, Orizaba (coll. Bruner), Acapulco, Atoyac, Teapa
(H. H. Smith), San Lorenzo, near Cordova (M. Trujillo). ANTILLES, Cuba ?.

A very graceful little insect, presenting considerable variation in size and stoutness
of body. This species, and probably also the preceding, P. fallax, fall into the genus
Telmatettix, recently proposed by Hancock [Psyche, ix. p. 7 (1900)].

Group BATRACHIDEZ.
PLECTRONOTUS, gen. nov.

Nearly allied to Tettigidea in general structure, but differing from it in the form of the facial costa, the minute
elongate elytra, and, especially, in the structure of the pronotum, which is coarsely scabrous, with the
posterior sinus of the lateral lobes all but obsolete and the posterior angles a little reflexed. Type
P. scaber, described below.

1. Plectronotus scaber, sp. n.

Antenne 21-22-jointed, slender, filiform, about reaching the base of the hind femora. Eyes of moderate size
prominent. Vertex scarcely (d ), or one and one-half times ( ? ), as wide as one of the eyes, truncate in
front, the mid-carina of moderate size and but little produced backward; the front margin transversely
carinulate, the carinulee and surface immediately behind them slightly
depressed. Crown horizontal. Facial costa rather broadly sulcate,
the margins sinuous, approximated below the points of insertion of
the antenne; in profile, strongly convex opposite the lower margin
of the eyes, moderately concave opposite the middle of them. Pro-
notum tectiform, very coarsely scabrous, granulate; the front margin
advanced, with concave sides and uncinate apex extending to the end of
the mid-carina of the vertex, a little behind the level of the front of
the eyes ; the hind process abbreviated, its sides convex, apex acute ;
lateral lobes rather deep, the posterior angles acute, somewhat rounded at the tip and turned a little
outward, the posterior sinus barely indicated ; mid-carina subcristiform, sinuate, depressed at the shoulders,
elevated and subcompressed in front of them ; lateral caring well-developed, coarsely granulate-tuberculate
on the humeral angles, which are very obtuse. Elytra minute (less than 1 millim. in length), elongate,
rounded at the apex, the lower margin pale yellow. Legs much as in Tettigidea, but somewhat less stout ;
pulvilli of first joint of hind tarsi small.

Total length, ¢ 9, 2 12: pronotum, 3 7, 2 10; post. fem., ¢ 5°5, 2 7: antenne, ¢ 5:5, 9 6; post.
fem. beyond pronotum, ¢ 1:5, 2 1°5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Hogers).

One pair.

TETTIGIDEA. 15

TETTIGIDEA, Scudd.
Tettigidea, Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 476 (1862).

This is the dominant genus of the group Batrachidez, numerous both in species and
individuals. Dimorphism in length of pronotum and wings is common, occurring in
the majority of the species of which I have seen any considerable numbers. In
consequence of this, and other reasons stated, it is extremely difficult to frame a
satisfactory key to the species, and the following must be looked upon as a tabulated
statement of the more obvious differences existing rather than as a practical key
to their determination. One species, 7. guatemalteca, I have not been able to
satisfactorily identify, though it may be one of the forms here treated; it is omitted
from the key, but the description of it as given by Bolivar is quoted in full.

Key to Species.

A. Vertex blunt, more or less truncate; eyes prominent.
B. Posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum relatively
shallow; vertex truncate.
C. Dorsum of pronotum smoothly granulate, horizontal,
distinctly depressed at the shoulders . . . . . . « OSrunert, sp. n.
CC. Dorsum of pronotum with conspicuous, nearly percurrent,
irregular longitudinal ruge; horizontal or somewhat
depressed at the shoulders in the male, arched near the
front margin in the female . . . . . .- - . chichimeca, Sauss.
BB. Posterior sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum of usual
depth; vertex scarcely truncate; pronotum granulate, hori-

zontal in the male, a little arched in the female . . . nicarague, Brun.
AA. Vertex a little advanced, subangulate; pronotum decidedly arched
longitudinally . 2. 2 1. 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee plagiata, sp. n.

AAA. Vertex advanced; eyes not prominent.
D. Vertex equal to or less than one of the eyes in width, the mid-
carina well-developed. Anterior margin of the pronotum little
produced, rounded. Surface smoothly granulate, rugule barely
visible. Scapular area distinct, triangular, widest at the
humeral angles. A very small and slender species . . . . parvula, sp. n.
DD. Vertex wider than one of the eyes.
E. Scapular area absent. Surface smoothly granulate. Ante-
rior margin of the pronotum little advanced, rounded.
Mid-carina of vertex feebly developed. . . . . . « migra, sp. n.
EE. Scapular area present, narrow. Surface irregularly rugulose.
Anterior margin of the pronotum strongly advanced,
angulate, or rounded-angulate. Mid-carina of vertex
well-developed . . . . = - + + + «© + © © © ¢etta, sp, De

16 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Tettigidea bruneri, sp. n.

Eyes prominent, globose. Vertex blunt, nearly truncate, equal to (3), or wider than (@ ), one of the eyes,
horizontal, the crown a little elevated in the female ; the mid-carina well-developed, extending but little
backward. Facial costa prominent, widest below, rather widely sulcate. Pronotum granulate, tectiform,
distinctly depressed at the shoulders ; front margin little advanced, angulate ; hind process abbreviated,
not reaching the apex of the hind femora, depressed, sometimes a little reflexed at the tip, sides straight ;
scapular area barely indicated or lacking entirely ; median carina prominent, sharp, subcristiform ; lateral
caring well-developed near the front margin, parallel, arcuately divergent behind, obsolete in front of the
principal sulcus; posterior sinus of the lateral lobes shallow, one-third to two-thirds as deep as the anterior
lobes. Hind femora robust, margins of the apex concave, genicular and femoral lobes well-developed.

General colour brown; face, venter, and apex of abdomen pale yellow; mid-carina of pronotum sometimes
spotted with fuscous. A notable colour-variation is that presented by one female, in which the eyes, the
top of the head, and the anterior portion of the pronotum (in the form of a triangle whose apex reaches

the first sulcus) are yellow.
Total length, g 9-10°5, 9 13-14: pronotum, ¢ 7°5-8°3, ? 10°5-11; post. fem., ¢ 6-6:5, 2 7°5-8;
antenne, ¢ 3°5-4, 9 4-4°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico (colls. Bruner & Scudder).

Five males and seven females.

. Tettigidea chichimeca, Sauss.
Tettix chichimeca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 400°.
Tettigidea chichimeca, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 296°.

Hab. Mexico 1, Ciudad in Durango ?.

Among the material collected by Mr. H. H. Smith are two specimens which probably
belong here—a short-winged male from Teapa, Tabasco, and a long-winged female from
Atoyac, Vera Cruz. Saussure! gives the habitat as ‘“ Mexico calida.”

3. Tettigidea nicarague, Brun.
Tettigidea nicarague, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62, t. 8. figg. 3a, 36

(1895) *.

Total length, short-winged ¢ 11, 2 14-16; long-winged ¢ 12°8-13°5, 9 17-18: pronotum, short-winged
3 10°3-10:4, 9 18:2-14; long-winged ¢ 105-12, 2 15-162; post. fem., ¢ 5°6-7:3, 9 7-8-9;
antenne, ¢ 4, 9 4:5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz, Teapa in Tabasco (Z. H. Smith); NICARAGUA
(coll. Bruner +).

Of this species I have had the types for comparison, and I refer to it the four males
and ten females obtained by Mr. H. H. Smith in Eastern Mexico, the only difference
worthy of note being that.in the Nicaraguan insects the hind femora, especially of the
male, are distinctly smaller than in the others. It should be noted here that in the
drawing of the lateral aspect of the female type (doc. cit.) the pronotum is represented
too much arched longitudinally.

This is the largest species of the genus that I have seen from Central America and
is noticeably dimorphic in wing-length.

TETTIGIDEA. 17

4, Tettigidea plagiata, sp. n.

Antenne filiform, very slender. Eyes scarcely subprominent. Vertex and crown distinctly convex, faintly
excavated at the sides; vertex advanced, subangulate, a little wider than one of the eyes, the sides parallel,
the mid-carina small, little produced backward. Facial costa narrow throughout, widest below. Pronotum
convex-tectiform, arched longitudinally, the surface granulate, with faint, short, irregular rugule; the
anterior margin advanced one-fourth its width, rounded angulate; mid-carina prominent, acute; lateral
carine obsolete anteriorly, distinct behind the principal sulcus; scapular area reduced to a mere line;
hind process long-subulate, passing posterior femora 1°8 millim., exceeded 1:4 millim. by the wings;
lateral lobes with the upper sinus rather deeper than usual. Elytra large, long-elliptical, with an oblique
subapical pale bar. Femora slender, the posterior pair with a narrow pale streak bounding the lower
margin of the external pagina internally.

Total length, ¢, 13°5: pronotum, ¢, 11°8; post. fem., 3, 6-4; antenne, ¢, 3:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).

One male. I have also seen two females, one from Cuernavaca, the other from
Chilpancingo (H. H. Smith), which perhaps belong to this species, though they approach
T. nicarague rather closely, differing from it in being slightly smaller, with more arched
pronotum and slenderer hind femora.

5. Tettigidea parvula, sp. n.

Antenne slender, filiform. Vertex narrow, equal to, or barely as wide as, one of
the eyes; mid-carina prominent. Facial costa prominent, narrowly sulcate, widest
below. Pronotum punctate or smoothly granulate, with a few indistinct longi-
tudinal rugule on the shoulders, the humero-apical carinule distinct, bounding a
well-marked scapular area, which is widest at the humeral angles; hind process
subulate. Elytra widest subapically, obliquely truncate at the apex, with a sub-
apical oblique pale bar. Wings fully developed. Hind femora robust, margins of
the apex but little concave.

Total length, ¢ 10°5, 9 12°5: pronotum, ¢ 8:5, 2 10; post. fem., ¢ 5, 2 635
antenne, ¢ 35, 9 3°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith).

Two males and two females. This is the smallest and most slender species of
Tettigidea known to me. It resembles 7. plagiata in the general form of the body,
but the hind femora are proportionally stouter, the facial costa is more prominent, the
crown less elevated, the vertex narrower, and the size much less. It may possibly
prove to be referable to T. guatemalteca, Bolivar.

6. Tettigidea tecta, sp. n.

Vertex horizontal, advanced before the eyes a distance equal to one-fourth its width, angulate, with aub-
prominent mid-carina, which extends well backward; the lateral margins converging backward to its
narrowest part just in front of the coronal lobes, where its width is one and a half times that of one of
the eyes. Facial costa with upper and lower halves nearly equal in width. Pronotum distinctly tectiform,
especially in the female; the anterior margin strongly advanced, one-third its width or a little more,
parallel to the sides of the vertex, angulate at the apex; surface smoothly granulate; mid- and lateral
caring prominent, with two to four irregular additional rugule; scapular area present, narrow ; posterior
sinus of the lateral lobes shallow ; hind process abbreviated. Elytra rather small, long-elliptic, unmarked.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1901. Dp

18 ORTHOPTERA.

Wings absent. Femora stout, especially the posterior pair, in which the upper margin of the external
pagina is distinctly convex and that of the femur itself straight.
Total length, ¢ 9, 9 12:5: pronotum, ¢ 85, 2 11; post. fem., d 5:5, 9 65 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer).

Two males and one female. This species resembles 7. prorsa, from Georgia, but
differs from it in the more angular front margin of the pronotum, wider vertex, more
prominent eyes, and stouter hind femora.

7. Tettigidea nigra, sp. n.

Vertex and crown strongly convex above, a little less angulate in front than in
T. tecta; the mid-carina smaller, less prolonged backward, barely reaching the
level of the eyes. Facial costa narrowly sulcate, the upper part narrower, with
parallel sides. Pronotum tectiform, mid-carina prominent, subcristiform ; the
surface smooth, finely granulate, the transverse sulci impressed ; scapular area |
wanting or very nearly so; front margin rounded-angulate, advanced one-fourth
to one-third its width; hind process abbreviated, not reaching the end of the
femora ; lateral lobes with the posterior sinus of usual size, sometimes a little
shallow. Elytra of usual size and furm, with a subapical oblique pale bar.
Wings absent.

Colour black, except the face below the eyes, the apex of the pronotum, and the apex
and venter of the abdomen; tibie and tarsi fasciated with fuscous.

Total length, ¢, 8-5-9: pronotum, ¢, 8-8°5; post. fem., ¢, 5°5-6°4 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Xucumanatlan and Omilteme in Guerrero 7000 to 8000 feet
(H. H. Smith).

Three males. In colour this species presents a notable exception (at least’ in the
types) to the general reddish-brown hue prevalent in the genus.

8. Tettigidea guatemalteca, Boliv.
Tettigidea guatemalieca, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 298 (1887) '.

“Pallide grisea, fusco variegata; femoribus fusco-fasciatis. Vertice oculo angustiore, antice obtuse parum

producto, medio carinato, a latere viso rotundato. Pronoto antice rotundato-subangulato, postice subulato
apicem femorum vix superante; dorso sub-levi, rugis longitudinalibus fere indistinctis ; inter humeros
convexiusculo, carina media parum elevata pallide fuscoque notata; carinis lateralibus prope marginem
anticum perspicuis, curvatis, retrorsum divergentibus. LElytris levibus, fuscis, extus pallidioribus, ante
apicem macula obliqua pallida notatis; alis longe pone apicem pronoti extensis. Femoribus posticis
minute granulatis: articulo primo tarsorum posticorum pulvillis inferne subrotundatis; tertio parum
longiore.

‘¢ Long. corporis, 9, 10 mm., pronoti 10°5 mm., fem. post. 6 mm.

“ Tab. GUATEMALA 1.

“Chez cette espéce le pronotum est presque privé des carénes longitudinales
irréguliéres que l’on voit dans les autres espéces du genre. Par sa taille elle pourrait
figurer entre 7. polymorpha, Burm., et T. lateralis, Scudd.”

SCARIA. 19

SCARIA, Bol.
Scaria, Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. pp. 196, 301 (1887).

1. Scaria hamata, De Geer.
Acrydium hamatum, De Geer, Mém. des Ins. iii. p. 5038, t. 42. fig. 18 (1773) *.
Scaria hamata (De Geer), Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxxi. p. 301.
Scaria hamata (Serv.), Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. no. 3, p. 62°.

Hab. Nicaraaua, Los Sabalos River (coll. Bruner *).—Gutana!?; AMAzONS ?.

One male, “taken in a swamp upon aquatic vegetation along the Los Sabalos River,
north-west from Castillo” (Bruner). Recorded elsewhere from Surinam Cayenne, and
the Upper Amazon.

Subfam. HUMASTACINA* fF.

If we are to judge from the material at hand, this very remarkable subfamily of
locusts, which contains so many imitative forms, is very poorly represented in Mexico
and Central America. Nevertheless, as the following table will show, some extremely
interesting species are to be met with. In the genus Teicophrys, from Cape San Lucas,
Lower California, we have a representative of the Old-World group with dilated frontal
costa between the antenne.

Owing to the comparatively small size and inconspicuous appearance of those forms
with stick-like apterous bodies, they are apt to be overlooked by the general collector.
Hence, a careful search made by specialists over the country from the Isthmus of
Panama to the northern boundary of Mexico and in California will, no doubt, result in
the addition of more genera and species.

For this reason, several of the allied genera and species known to inhabit Southern
California or the northern parts of South America are enumerated, these being placed
(as in Vol. I. of this subject) within square brackets.

Table of the genera of Eumastacine inhabiting the middle portions of America.
A. Frontal costa more or less dilated and flattened between the
antenne.
6. Pronotum with the dorsum not tectiform, plain. Metatarsi of hind
legs with both margins denticulate above. .

* Principal works referred to for this subfamily :—
Buzr, Matcorm, Essai sur les Eumastacides, pp. 96, pls. 3, Madrid: Anal. de la Soc. Esp. de Hist. Nat.
t. xxviii (1899).
Karscu, F., ‘‘ Ueber die Mastaciden,” Entomol. Nachrichten, xv. pp. 24-36 (1899).
Gurstarcker, A. C., “ Characteristik einer Reihe bemerkenswerther Orthoptera,” Mittheilung. naturwiss.
Vereins Neuvorpommern und Riigen, xix. & xx. (1888).
. ft = Masracinay, antea, p. 2.

Dp 2

20 ORTHOPTERA.

c. Fastigium of the vertex horizontally produced or but slightly
elevated, emarginate. Pronotum truncate or cmarginate
behind . 2. 2. 1 ee ee ee ee ek

AA. Frontal costa percurrent, very narrow between the antenne, deeply
sulcate throughout.
6. Basal joint of hind tarsi above with both margins spined or serrate.
Body apterous.

ce. Sulcation of the vertex not separated from that of the frontal
costa by a transverse ridge. Valves of the ovipositor blunt,
unequal in length, and without teeth or serrations . . .

cc. Suleation of the vertex separated from that of the frontal costa
by a transverse ridge. Valves of the ovipositor acute at tip,
strongly serrated . Loe ee ee .

6b. Basal joint of the hind tarsi above with both margins smooth or
at most provided with stiff hairs.

c. Legs long, the spines on the inner side of hind tibiz alternately
large and small. Tegmina and wings wel] developed or rudi-
mentary.

d. Vertex rather narrow, neither compressed nor projecting in

front of the eyes. Tegmina and wings present.

e. Tegmina hyaline, regularly veined; wings hyaline, not
coloured. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. ew ee ee ee ee

ee. Tegmina opaque, coloured, densely or irregularly veined ;
wings coloured. . . . . . . - ee

dd. Vertex moderately broad, horizontal, and projecting in front
of the eyes. Tegmina and wings rudimentary . . . .

ce. Legs shorter, the spines on the inner side of hind tibiz of uniform

size. ‘Tegmina and wings absent or rudimentary . . .

[TEICOPHRYS, gen. nov.

[Trrcopurys, Bruner.]

Gymnotettix, Bruner.

Episacrus, Brunner.

Eumastax, Burr.
Paramastax, Burr.
[Masyntgs, Karsch. |

{Morsga, Scudder. |

Body of moderate size, rather slender, and apterous; the pronotum short and inconspicuous, scarcely longer
than either the meso- or metathoracic segments separately, and with a small median carina, the hind and
front edges above truncate, slightly notched in the middle. Head short, the eyes only a trifle prominent,
about as long as the cheeks below them ; vertex gently ascending, bordered by well-defined lateral ridges

which terminate in anteriorly projecting blunt points that reach beyond
the front edges of the eyes, these points forming also the upper termini
of the lateral walls of the frontal costa. There is also on each side at
the back edge of the fastigium of the vertex a prominent tubercle, which
marks the beginning of the carine just referred to. The flattened
frontal costa of the face, which is continuous with the fastigium of the
vertex, is bordered by rather prominent carine that diverge greatly
to a point midway between the top and bottom of the eyes and then
suddenly converge, 80 as to leave the costa only about one-half or a trifle
more of its greatest width, from where they continue down the face
parallel or nearly so to just below the ocellus, when they again bend

abruptly inward and unite, forming a single ridge down the middle of the face almost to the clypeus,
where it branches, sending out and downward on each side obliquely a carina that reaches and unites

TEICOPHRYS.—GYMNOTETTIX. a1

with the lateral carina of the face, as indicated in the accompanying figure. Hind femora shorter than
the abdomen, fairly stout, the upper carine provided with a number of rather strong spines; metatarsi
with both margins denticulate above. Upper valves of the ovipositor more or less serrate, the lower ones
provided with two coarse, blunt teeth back of the strongly curved apex. Antenne normal.

The above-mentioned characters are based on an imperfect female specimen of
T. fusiformis from the collection of Samuel H. Scudder and on two very immature
alcoholic specimens belonging to the California Academy of Sciences. These latter,
which were obtained by Gustav Eisen at San José del Cabo, Lower California, are
doubtfully referred to a distinct species from the one described from the same region.

1. Teicophrys fusiformis, sp. n.

General colour in life presumably dull testaceous or olive-brown, with little variation in the form of lighter
or darker brown lines and dots. The body is largest at the metathorax, and tapers gently both anteriorly
and posteriorly, and is covered rather sparsely above with elevated points and ridges which range them-
selves into series that give the surface the appearance of being transversely wrinkled. These tubercles
are largest on the thorax, but most numerous on the abdomen. The eyes show alternate light and dark
streaks which are parallel to their anterior edges. There are also dark tips to the spines on the hind
femora and the valves of the ovipositor.

Length of body (9 ) 27: of pronotum 2°5; of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornta, Cape St. Lucas (Palmer, in coll. Scudder). |

GYMNOTETTIX, gen. nov.

A single female specimen of this subfamily of locusts before me differs so much from
the characters given for Episactus and Eumastax that I have decided to place it in a
separate genus. ‘The following differences are the most important, together with those
which are given in the above ‘Table for separating the genera :—

Sulcation of the vertex separated by a transverse carina from that of the frontal costa (Hpisactus), not so
separated (Gymnotettiz). Basal joint of hind tarsi serrate above on both margins (Gymunotettix), basal
joint of tarsi smooth (Humastax). |

Body slender; the pronotum small, truncate in front and slightly emarginate behind, the median carina
distinct, linear. Head a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the vertex somewhat produced
in advance of the eyes, where its lateral walls converge somewhat and continue as the lateral carine of
the frontal costa. The latter about one-half as broad as the vertex between the eyes, deeply sulcate
throughout and of nearly uniform width. Eyes less prominent than in Humastax, about three-fifths as
broad as long. Antenne with the basal and second joints less enlarged than in that genus, 11-jointed.
Hind femora about equalling the abdomen in length, comparatively heavy; the hind tibie irregularly
spined—only partially showing the alternation of long and short spines,—the basal tarsal joints strongly
toothed on both margins above. Ovipositor with the valves blunt, toothless, the lower pair considerably
the shorter.

1. Gymnotettix occidentalis, sp. n.

General colour above dark olive-brown, with the sides of the pronotum and the tip of the abdomen reddish.
Face and basal portion of hind femora lighter. Eyes shining, dark brown, with a narrow yellowish
transverse median band. Apical portion of the hind femora, together with the tibie and tarsi, brownish-.
black. ,

Length of body (9) 14: of pronotum 2°45; of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneauz).

22 ORTHOPTERA.

EPISACTUS, Brunner.

Episactus, Brunner v. W., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xiii. p. 115 (1893); Burr, Essai sur les
Eumastacides, p. 40 (1899).

1. Episactus brunneri, Burr. (Tab. II. figg. 15, 15@, 2; 16, 16a, 3, 3 +.)
Episactus brunneri, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 40 (1899).

Hab. Guatrmata (coll. Brunner).

EUMASTAX, Burr.

Mastaz, Perty, Delect. Anim. Bras. p. 122 (1830) ; Blanch.; Serv.; Burm.; Stal; Brunner v. W.;
Karsch; Gerst.
Eumastazx, Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 43 (1899).

Although but a single species of this genus has been taken in Central America or
Mexican territory, five additional forms are recorded from the northern parts of
Tropical South America, and are therefore likely also to occur in the State of Panama
and northward. These insects may be separated by the following synoptic Table :—

A. Apex of the vertex above the eyes not visible when viewed from the side.
6. Tegmina and wings fully developed.
c. Posterior femora unicolorous, testaceous or olivaceous, the carinz
black, never indistinctly dusky spotted nor with transverse lines.
d. Eyes unicolorous.
e. Pronotum testaceous or ferruginous, marked with a black line
on each side. Cerci of male incurved. Size small. Colour

ferruginous, varied with black . . . . . . « «. « . {[tenuis, Perty.]
ee. Pronotum uniformly testaceous. Abdomen fuscous, the two
penultimate dorsal segments bright red. Size small . . . [ poultoni, Bury. |
dd. yes bicolorous . . .... . ~ + 6 e « « « . [semiceca, Brunner.]

cc. Posterior femora varicoloured or ornamented with transverse lines,

towards the apex reddish. Abdomen testaceous, with a yellowish
vittaoneach side . . . ... 0. ~ 6 « « . surda, Burr,

bb. Tegmina rudimentary, wings absent. Colour fuscous ; the pronotum

bright ferruginous, without a carina, the posterior ridge roundly

emarginate; apex of abdomen ferruginous. . . - + + . . [rosenbergi, Burr.]
AA. Apex of the vertex above the eyes visible when viewed from the side.
Deflexed lobe of pronotum roundly angled in front. . . . . . . [militaris, Gerst. |

[1. Kumastax tenuis, Perty.

Mastax tenuis, Perty, Delect. Anim. Bras. p, 123, t. 24. fig. 3 (1830-1834) ; Serv.; Burm.; Walk.;
Gerst.; Karsch.

Mastaz virescens, Westw. Arcana Ent. i. p. 100.

EUMASTAX.——-PARAMASTAX. 23

Mastax minuta, Bol. An. Soc. Esp. x. p. 481 (1881); Karsch; Giglio-Tos.
Eumastaz tenuis, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 45 (1899).

Hab. Ecuapor (Bolivar, Giglio-Tos, &c.); Puru (Gerstaecker); Braz (Perty,
Serville, &c.). |

[2. Eumastax poultoni, Burr.
Eumastaz poultoni, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 47 (1899).

Hab. Cotomsia (Mus. Oxon.).]

[3. Humastax semiczca, Brunner.
Mastax semicecus, Brunner v. W., Obs. on the Colours of Ins. p. 15, fig. 118 (1897).
Eumastax semiceca, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, ‘p. 48 (1899).

Hab, Upper Amazons (coll. Brunner v. W.).|

4. Kumastax surda, Burr. (Tab. II. figs. 14, 14a, 2.)
EKumastax surda, Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 50 (1899).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (coll. Brunner v. W.), Bugaba (Champion).—Prrv (coll.
Brunner v. W.).

The Bugaba specimen was first determined as £. collaris (Gerst.), but later referred
as above.

(5. Humastax rosenbergi, Burr.
Eumastaz rosenbergi, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 52 (1899).

Hab. Cotomsta (coll. Burr). |

(6. Eumastax militaris, Gerst.
Mastax militaris, Gerst. Mitth. Neuvorp. Rigen, 1888, p. 84; Karsch.
Eumastaz militaris, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 58 (1899).

Hab. Amazons (coll. Brunner v. W.).]

PARAMASTAX, Burr.

Paramastazx, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 54 (1899).
Mastax, Scudder ; Gerstaecker ; Bolivar; Karsch.

1. Paramastax magna, Giglio-Tos.
Mastax magna, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Tor. xiii. no. 311, p. 57 (1899).
Paramastax magna, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 57.

Hab. Mexico (coll. Brunner v. W.).—Kcuabor, Santiago (Giglio-Zos).

24 ORTHOPTERA.

[MASYNTES, Karsch.

Masyntes, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. pp. 26, 31 (1889) ; Brunner v. W., Rev. Orth. p. 115 (1893).
Mastax, Scudder ; Bolivar (nec Perty, De Haan, Stal).

Table for separating the Species.

A. Fastigium of the vertex emarginate at the apex. Wings present. Antenne

unicolorous, testaceous . .- . . oe ee ew ee ew . gundlachi, Scudd.
AA. Fastigium of the vertex rounded. Wings absent. Antenne brown, the
basal joint yellow . 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee mutilata, Serv.

1. Masyntes gundlachi, Scudd.

Mastaz gundlachi, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 262 (1874-75) ; Bolivar, Enum. Ins.
Orth. de l’ile de Cuba, in Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1888, p. 26.

Masyntes gundlachi, Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xv. p. 31 (1899).

Hab. Cusa (Scudder, Bolivar, Brunner).

While the West-Indian Islands are not exactly a part of the country embraced by
this work, in the present and several other instances certain insects are introduced on
account of their close relationship to Central-American forms, or else because of their
special interest to the student in his investigations along faunal lines.

2. Masyntes mutilata, Serv.
Mastax mutilata, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 751, t. 8. fig. 4 (1839) ; Karsch, &c.
Masyntes mutilata, Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 8 (1899).

Hab. Cotomsia (Serville).

The description of M. mutzlata is so incomplete that it is difficult to compare
the insect with others without having specimens at hand for the purpose. Even
Mr. Malcolm Burr does not seem to have decided definitely anything about it, since
he has left Mf. mutilata out of his table for separating the species of the genus, although
on p. 8 of his ‘ Essai’ he has referred it to Masyntes. |

[MORSEA, Scudder.
Morsea, Scudder, Psyche, viii. p. 179 (1898) ; Burr, Essai sur les Kumastacides, p. 63 (1899).

Morsea, as indicated by the above table for the separation of the genera, approaches
most closely to Masyntes, which is found in Cuba and over a considerable portion of
Tropical South America. It differs from that genus, however, in having shorter legs,
and in the spines of the inner side of the hind tibie being equal, instead of alternately
long and short. From pisactus, Brunner, which also has the sulcus of the vertex
separated from that of the frontal costa by a transverse ridge, it may be known by the
basal joint of the hind tarsi being smooth above, instead of toothed. ‘Thus far, but a
single species has been recorded.

MORSEA. 25

1. Morsea californica, Scudder.
Morsea californica, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 179 (1898); Burr, Essai sur les Eumastacides, p. 64
(1899). | |
Hab. Unrrep States, Cahon Pass, Southern California, and Mt. Wilson, Altadina,
near Los Angeles, California (Morse). |

Subfam. TRYXALINA*.

This subfamily of short-horned grasshoppers or locusts is exceedingly well represented
in the region embraced between the United States and the Isthmus of Panama, In
studying the material that has been brought together for this purpose, along with such
literature as deals with other forms inhabiting the district, it is found that upwards
of forty genera and about one hundred species are to be considered. The study of
such a large number of forms permits the writer, in a measure at least, to revise some
of the recent work of others, since intermediate forms have been found which show
better the relationships and location of certain genera that heretofore seemed obscure
or uncertain. A few South-American genera have been found to occur within our
North-American faunal areas, while several entirely new ones are now added.

Many of the forms characterized by Saussure and Walker were so inadequately
described that their recognition is rather uncertain. Especially is this true as regards
Walker's species belonging to genera like Orphulelia and its allies, where the specific
differences are slight, and where the characters used to separate them differ from those
mentioned when they were first characterized. In Saussure’s case, however, the
difficulty has been removed in a measure, since a number of the types are at hand
for comparison.

* Principal works referred to for this subfamily :—

Bruner, L., A Brief Account-of the Genera and Species of Locusts or Grasshoppers of Argentina, together
with Descriptions of new Forms, pp. 21-42 (1900).

Brunner v. WarrenwV¥1, C., Révision du Systéme des Orthoptéres, pp. 117-123 (1893).

Gretr0-Tos, E., Bollettino dei Musei di Zool. ed Anat. comp. di Torino, no. 184, vol. ix. (1894).

McNett, Jerome, Revision of the Truxaline of North America (1897).

Saussure, Henri vg, Rev. et Mag. Zool. vol. xiii. (1861).

Scupper, 8. H., “A Preliminary Classification of the Tryxaline of the United States and Canada,” Psyche,
vol. viii. pp. 281-239 (July, 1898).

Scuppgr, 8. H., “Studies of N, A. Tryxaline,” Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, vol. xxxv. pp. 42-57
(Aug. 1899). . ; .

Scupper, 8. H., “The North-American Species of Orphulella,” Canad, Ent. vol. xxxi. pp. 177-188 (1899).

Sréz, C., Recensio Orthopt. i. pp. 87-94 (1878).

Sr&z, C., Observations Orthoptérologiques, ii. pp. 41-43 (1876).

Waxxer, Francis, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. (1870).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL., January 1902. EE

26 ORTHOPTERA.

Synopsis of the Genera.

A. Foveole of the vertex invisible from above or wanting, their
plane forming a right or acute angle with the plane of the
fastigium ; face, as a rule, much more oblique than in the
alternate category.

b. Sides of the fastigium strongly rounded, the apex not
acuminate; antenne ensiform; tegmina acuminate or
angulate at base; apical angles of posterior femora hori-
zontally produced, acuminate.

c. Fastigium of the vertex greatly produced, as long as or
longer than the eye, its sides on the basal half subparallel ;
face excessively oblique, the eyes nearly longitudinal.

d. Foveole of the vertex absent; tegmina much abbre-
viated, spines on outer margin of hind tibiae numerous,
about 25; subgenital plate of male abdomen greatly
lengthened. . . 2. . 2 1. hh) «Rerapinotarum, MeNeill.

dd, Foveole of the vertex narrow, elongate ; tegmina passing

the tip of abdomen ; spines on outer margin of hind
tibiz less numerous, about 16; subgenital plate of
male abdomen only moderately elongate . . . . . AcHuruM, Saussure.
ce. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangular, not greatly pro-
duced, distinctly shorter than the eyes, the sides converg-
ing from the base ; face less oblique, the eyes distinctly

oblique.
d. Larger, general colour green . . . . . . . . +. Meraeprea, Brunner.
dd. Smaller, general colour testaceous or ferruginous. . . [OrpHuLA, Stal.]

66. Sides of the fastigium straight or but gently rounded, the
apex more or less acuminate, tegmina apically rounded
or obliquely truncate; apical angles of posterior femora
roundly deflexed.

ce. Hind tibize armed with numerous spines on outer margin,
numbering 12-20, usually 16-20.

d. Antennz long and ensiform ; prosternum with a distinct
tubercle; lateral carinz of pronotum wanting or deve-
loped, diverging but little when present.

e. Lateral carine present; hind tibie with 18-20 spines

Inouterrow . . . . . 1 1. e .) ) Mernrrrsa, Stal.
ee. Lateral carinz wanting; hind tibie with 12-15 spines
iInouterrow . . . .. . . . . « . . « Paropomara, Scudder *.

dd. Antenne shorter, filiform or more or less flattened

* Scudder places this genus in the subfamily Acridiing, close to Leptysma ; but, according to the writer’s
judgment, it should be included with the Tryxaline. For a further discussion of the matter, vide wfra.

TRYXALINZ.

basally; prosternum without tubercle ; lateral carine
well developed, considerably diverging posteriorly.

e. Fastigium of the vertex acuminate, without longitudinal
carina; tegmina considerably surpassing tip of abdo-
men, without regular transverse veins in discal area
and on costal margin; antennz with the basal joints
depressed . . . 1... ee + + ss «~~ Papacoa, Bruner.

ee. Fastigium of the vertex somewhat obtuse, with longi-

tudinal carina; tegmina but little surpassing tip of

abdomen, with regular transverse veins in discal area

and on costal margin; antenne filiform, but little
flattened basally . . . . 2). 2. . . | «© . Syrpuna, Stal.

ec, Hind tibie armed with fewer spines on outer margin, rarely

numbering as many as 15, usually only 10-12.

d. Radial veins in apical third of wing (¢) normal, not
constricted nor especially incrassate, the discoidal field
_ not fenestrate.

e. Head usually more or less conical, ascending, sometimes
strongly; eyes generally prominent ; upper portion
of the frontal costa produced so that the front when
seen laterally is more or less sinuate or angulately
bent inward at the ocellus; wings usually banded or
highly coloured. (AcROLOPHITI.)

f. Head, when viewed laterally, strongly ascending ;
face below ocellus subperpendicular ; antennz more
than half as long as the tegmina; metazona dis-
tinctly elevated above the prozona, tumid or crested.
g. Metazona much longer than prozona, with an
elevated but tumid crest . . . . . . . . AcRoLopHitus, Thomas.
gg. Metazona but little longer than prozona, tumid,
but with only a slight carina . . . . . . . Acrocara, Scudder.
ff. Head, when viewed from the side, with scarcely
ascending vertex; face below ocellus distinctly
though not greatly oblique; antennz less than half |
as long as tegmina ; metazona not or barely elevated
above the prozona, feebly tumid at most.
g. Antenne much longer than the face; lower margin
of lateral lobes of pronotum anteriorly excised,
broadly exposing the pleura; basal half of tegmina
rather densely reticulate, the intercalary vein
obscure. . . . . .. se « + « « « Macua#gocera, Saussure.
gg. Antenne shorter than the face; lower margin of
lateral lobes of pronotum nearly horizontal
throughout, scarcely exposing the pleura; only

Er 2

28 ORTHOPTERA.

the extreme base of the tegmina densely reticu-

late, the intercalary vein distinct . . . . . Gymnes, Scudder.

ee. Head obscurely or not at all conical ; never, unless very
feebly, ascending; eyes seldom prominent; face as
seen from the side straight throughout or uniformly
rounded, never angularly bent inward at the ocellus ;

wings, as a rule, clear or apically faintly fuliginous.
f. Head somewhat ascending; antenne of very unequal
length in the two sexes; pronotum with no lateral
carine, the median carina obsolete on the prozona ;
scapular area of ¢ tegmina conspicuously expanded
so as to make the costal margin sinuate .
Jf. Head generally salient, rarely at all ascending;
antennz subequal in the two sexes; scapular area

of g tegmina slightly or not at all expanded.

g. Antenne distinctly flattened (save in Ambdlytro-
pidia), generally rather short ; fastigium of vertex
usually rounded and without distinct lateral
costulation, or, if distinct, then with a distinct
median carina, generally continuing over the
occiput, where it is sometimes accompanied by
a pair of submedian carine; face rather strongly
oblique; lateral carine of pronotum usually
parallel, sometimes converging mesially but
without any or only the faintest constriction of
the body of the pronotum.

h, Disk of pronotum more or less clepsydral, the
lateral carinz converging near the middle.
zt. Apical spurs on inner side of hind tibie very
unequal in length. |
j. Antenne apically clavate; lateral carine of
pronotum subparallel; tegmina generally as
long asthe abdomen . . . ... .
jj. Antenne apically attenuate, though blunt;
lateral carine of pronotum cons:derably
arcuate; tegmina abbreviate.
k. Hind margin of pronotum angulate or
rotundo -angulate; prozona but little
longer than metazona. . . . 1
hh. Disk of pronotum equal or subequal, the lateral
carine being strictly parallel or diverging only
(and slightly) on the metazona.
2. Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes some-
what dilated, subhyaline, regularly areolate
with oblique veinlets.

. Boorertix, Bruner.

. Eritetrix, Bruner.

SS UGh eee a ine a oe ce os ce

Mesocutoa, Scudder.

TRYXALIN A.

Jj. Antenne nearly or quite as long as hind femora,
somewhat flattened at the base; lateral
carine of pronotum wanting, the supple-
mental carine present . . . oo

jj- Antenne much shorter than hind femora,
filiform or gently ensiform ; lateral carinz
present, the supplemental carine sometimes
wanting.

k. Antenne feebly clavate in ¢, depressed
but not basally expanded in 9; supple-
mental subdorsal carinze on pronotum
present; tegmina and wings complete

kk. Antenne apically acuminate in 3, basally

expanded so as to be subensiform in 9;

no supplementary carine on pronotum;

tegmina and wings usually abbreviated

i. Scapular area of tegmina in both sexes not at

all dilated, and of the same density as the
other areas. .

gg. Antenne but little or not at all flattened, filiform,

generally long; fastigium more or less excavate,

or, if rotundate, with distinct lateral costulation ;

no median carina on the head unless the fastigium

Ocnrotertix, Bruner.

. Ampuitornus, McNeill.

- Opgra, McNeill.

. AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stal.

is deeply sunken, with high margins; no supple- |

mentary carinz ; face usually subvertical ; lateral
caring of the pronotum strongly converging
mesially, the pronotum being constricted mesi-
ally. (PHLiBostroM2.)

h. Face quite strongly oblique; eyes oblique;
scapular area of tegmina in both sexes broader
apically than basally ; prozona much longer than
metazona, the latter subtruncate posteriorly .

hh. Face subperpendicular; eyes subvertical; sca-

-pular area of tegmina in both sexes broader

basally than apically; prozona and metazona of

subequal length, the latter angulate posteriorly.

7. Antenne much longer than head and pronotum

together ; no median carina on head, except

sometimes posteriorly ; interspace between the

eyes as broad as the narrowest part of pronotal

disk ; longest hind tibial spur scarcely longer

than last tarsaljoint . . . . 2...

dd. Radial veins in apical third of wings of ¢ incrassate and
constricted, the discoidal field fenestrate.

e. Antenne relatively short, at most but little longer than

Apa, Brunner.

PuurpostromMa, Scudder.

29.

30 | ORTHOPTERA.

the head and pronotum together; fastigium of the
vertex without a median carina; scapular area of
the tegmina not specially dilated.

f. Tegmina obliquely truncate at apex.

g. Sides of the vertex more or less evenly rounded,
so as to render the fastigium blunt rather than
angulate; lateral foveolz very obscure; antenne
basally much depressed in both sexes, ensiform ;
lateral carine of pronotum straight or but gently
diverging posteriorly . .. . . . . LOrpuuta, Stal *.]

gg. Sides of vertex straight, rendering the fastiginm
angulate ; lateral foveole more or less evident,

linear to sublinear; antenne basally less de-

pressed, scarcely ensiform even in the female;

lateral carinze of pronotum considerably diverging

posteriorly. . . .. . . . . . . » Tayripriton, Bruner.

jf. Tegmina more or less evenly rounded at apex.

g- Lateral carine of pronotum less prominent than
the median, more or less divergent, especially on
metazona; prozona and metazona about equal
in length; the lateral lobes deeper than long.

h. Lateral carine nearly or quite as well developed
on the prozona as on the metazona; eyes more
or less truncate anteriorly.

i. Antenne longer, somewhat exceeding the com-
bined length of head and pronotum, filiform ;
the apical half or two-thirds (?) of tegmina
membranous; wings usually more or less
coloured and decidedly infuscated.

j. Tegmina rather broad; wings more or less
evenly tinged with yellow or orange on basal
portion, apically infuscated. Pro- and meta-
zona of pronotum of equal length? . . . Sisanrum, Bruner.

jj. Tegmina narrow; wings fuscous, the anterior

margin apically black-bordered, Pronotum
with the prozona a little longer than the
metazona. . .... . - . » Onpnutina, Giglio-Tos.
ii. Antenne shorter, but little or not at all exceed-
ing the combined length of the head and
pronotum ; the apical third only of tegmina
membranous ; wings clear or but little infus-
cated.

* This genus does not appear to be represented in that portion of America covered by this work, but is
introduced here to show its relationships. I cannot agree with Scudder and others as to the position occupied
by it (see my paper on ‘ Locusts of Argentina”; also anted, p. 26),

TRYXALIN ZA.

j. Posterior tibiee with fewer (10-11) spines in
outer row; tegmina without a decided
humeral vitta; eyes of median size, some-
what bulging Loe

Jj. Posterior tibiz with more (13-14) spines in
outer row; tegmina with a decided humeral
vitta; eyes rather large, but feebly bulging.

hh. Lateral carine but feebly developed on the
prozona when compared with those on the
metazona; eyes subglobular, large . . .

99. Lateral carine of pronotum quite or nearly as

prominent as the median, straight or but little

divergent posteriorly; the prozona decidedly
longer than the metazona; the lateral lobes
fully as long as, or longer than, deep.

h. Lateral lobes of pronotum slightly tumid in
descending by the obliquity of the upper portion ;
the lateral carine very gently divergent on meta-
zona; discoidal field of wings of ¢ distinctly
narrowing apically. . . . ee

hh. Lateral lobes of pronotum plane, vertical ; lateral

carine parallel on metazona as on prozona;

discoidal field of wings of ¢ hardly narrowing

apically . . . . . se eee

ee. Antenne long, about or more than half as long again

as head and pronotum together ; fastigium of vertex
furnished with a distinct median carina.

f. Scapular area of tegmina not broad and not regularly
reticulate with oblique veins; anterior portion of
wing of ¢ broadly and regularly fenestrate (remind-
ing one of the elytron of a male Gicanthus) ; spines
on outer edge of hind tibiz about ten in number

Jf. Scapular area of tegmina rather broad and regularly
reticulate with oblique veins ; wings of ¢ somewhat
aborted, the anterior portion not fenestrate; spines
on outer edge of hind tibiz about 14 in number

AA. Foveole of the vertex always present, visible from above,
their plane forming an obtuse angle with the plane of the
fastigium; face usually more nearly vertical than in the
alternate category.
6. Tegmina with ill-formed intercalary vein.

c. Inner apical spurs of hind tibize subequal in length ; apical
portion of scapular field of J tegmina (and sometimes the
adjoining parts) so dilated that the broadest part of the
tegmina lies beyond the middle.

3L

. OrnPHULELLA, Giglio-Tos.

PaRACHLOEBATA, Saussure (MS.).

. Linoceratium, Bruner.

. CLINocePHatus, Morse,

DicnromorpnHa, Morse.

. PHaneroruris, Saussure (MS.).

. CuLo£attis, Harris.

os
bo

ORTHOPTERA.

d. Antenne not apically clavate.
e. Face considerably oblique, straight or but little
rounded ; lateral foveole of vertex linear or trian-
gular; lateral lobes of pronotum longer than or fully
as long as deep.
f. Fastigium with a distinct percurrent median carina ;
antennz, at least in female, depressed and more or
less expanded basally.
g. Antenne much expanded basally, tapering ; lateral
carine of pronotum subparallel, the disk sub-
rectangular. . . . . . Napara, McNeill.
gg» Antenne feebly expanded “basally, " subfiliform ;
lateral carine of pronotum strongly sinuate, the
disk clepsydral.
fh. Tegmina and wings fully developed, reaching
beyond tip of abdomen; antennz much shorter
than hind femora; longitudinal carine of fasti-
gium continued upon the occiput; eyes piriform,
not prominent .. . . . . . + Horegsrporss, Scudder.
hh. Tegmina much abbreviated, scarcely half as long
as abdomen; antenne nearly or quite as long as
hind femora; longitudinal carinz of fastigium
not continued upon the occiput; eyes subglo-
bular, prominent . . .. . . . . . « Muvanorerrrx, Bruner.
jf. Fastigium with no median carina, but at most a
coloured line, except sometimes iu the extreme an-
terior portion; antenne filiform, the basal joints
neither expanded nor greatly depressed in either sex. Srenosorurvs, Fischer.
ee. Face little oblique, strongly rounded ; lateral foveolz
of vertex moderately wide, never more than twice
as long as broad; lateral lobes of pronotum deeper
than long.
dd. Antenne apically clavate. . . . . . . . « « . GompHocerus, Thunberg.
cc. Inner apical spurs of hind tibiew usually very unequal in
length, the inferior twice or nearly twice as long as the

superior; apical portion of scapular field of ¢ tegmina
but little dilated, so that the broadest part of the tegmina
hes at the middle. (ScyLiin2.)
d. Median carina of pronotum as distinct on prozona as on
metazona, cut only by the principal sulcus.
e. Fastigium of the vertex without or with suppressed.
lateral ridges; the head usually large and lacking
sharp carine; tegmina and wings never complete:
insects rather large, above the average in size. . . Bodpepon, Thomas.
ee, Fastigium of the vertex with distinct lateral ridges ;

TRYXALINZ.

the head variable, but never so smooth as in the
preceding forms: insects of moderate or small size
(except Plectrotettiz).
f. Eyes elongate, nearly twice as long as broad ; frontal
costa broad, advanced in front of the eyes by more
than half the shorter diameter of the latter; tegmina
with definite pantherine pattern. . . . . . . Precrrorettix, McNeill.
Jf. Eyes suborbicular, much less than half as high again as
broad, frontal costa not prominent, advanced in front
of the eyes by less than half the shorter diameter of
latter; tegmina irregularly and obscurely flecked.
g. Pronotum subtruncate posteriorly, the prozona
much longer than the metazona; tegmina and
wings abbreviate.
h. Head unusually large; pronotum much con-
stricted in middle, the lateral carine well
developed. . . . . . . . . . . © | Evupnicopss, McNeill.
hh. Head not unusually large; the pronotum but
little constricted in middle, the lateral carinze
almost obliterated . . . . . . . « . . Gapara, Bruner.
gg. Pronotum more or less angulate posteriorly, the
prozona and metazona equal or subequal ; tegmina
and wings fully developed.
h. Pronotum constricted in the middle, the prozona
slightly the shorter ; lateral carinz percurrent,
more or less divergent in front and strongly
divergent behind. |
i. Foveole of vertex visible from above only on
the inner half; lateral carinz of pronotum
anteriorly but little or at least not strongly
divergent, being gently arcuate on the pro-
zona; lateral lobes of prozona feebly or not
marked above the middle with obliquely dis-
posed short lunate carinules. . . . . Psotorssa, Scudder.
. Foveole of vertex visible from above throughout
their length ; lateral carinze of pronotum very
strongly divergent in front as well as behind,
being strongly bent-arcuate on the prozona;
lateral lobes of prozona more or less con-
spicuously mugose-carinale obliquely above
the middle. . .. . ee . SrrrapLevra, Scudder.
Ah. Pronotum not constricted in the middle, ‘the
prozona slightly the longer; lateral carine
obsolete on the prozona, moderately divergent |
behind. . . . . . AGENEOTETTIX, McNeill.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, “January 1904. Fr

os.
Os

34 ORTHOPTERA.

dd, Median carina subobsolete posteriorly on the prozona,
cut by its sulci, as well as by the principal sulcus . . AuvLocara, Scudder.
6b. Tegmina with distinct intercalary vein, which is slender
and intermediate between the radial and ulnar veins;
mediastinal veins of ¢ short, not reaching middle of
tegmina, the scapular area beyond it dilated, scalariform-
veined ; median carina of pronotum distinct, sharp. . . Ligurotertix, McNeill.

RHADINOTATUM, McNeill.
Tryzxalis, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 58, tab. fig. 12 (1873).
Achurum, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 865 (1875) ;
Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 88 (1877).
Rhadinotatum, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 200, 201 (1897).

1. Rhadinotatum brevipenne, Thomas.
Tryzxalis brevipennis, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 58, tab. fig. 12 (1878) °.
Achurum brevipenne, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 88 (1877) ”
Rhadinotatum brevipenne, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 200, 201, t. 1. figg. 1 a, 18,
(1897) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Florida !~?.—Mexico, Orizaba.

This insect is included here on the authority of a record made at the time when
several nymphs and a single male specimen were captured in the vicinity of Orizaba,
Mexico, by the present writer, in 1887. It was seen again in 1893, at the same
place, by Herbert Osborn, of the University of Ohio. The examples collected by
myself cannot now be found. The species has been repeatedly met with in Florida.

ACHURUM, Saussure.

Truxalis (Achurum), Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 313; Orthopt. Nova Amer. ii. p. 16
(1861).

Achurum, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 518 (1870) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i.
p. 89 (1873) ; Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 118 (1898). |

This genus is represented by two recognized species, which may be separated
thus :—

a. Disc of dorsum of pronotum alutaceo-rugose . . » . « « IL. sumichrasti, Sauss.
b. Disc of pronotum with the front and hind lobes obsoletely punctate. . 2. acridodes, Stal.

1, Achurum sumichrasti, Sauss. (Tab. I. fig. 6, ¢.)

Trucalis (Achurum) sumichrasti, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 313; Orthopt. Nova Amer.
u. p. 16°.

Achurum sumichrasti, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 518°.

[waa |

ACHURUM.—TRUXALIS. 3:

Hab. Norra America, Fort Grant, Arizona (coll. Bruner: 3 @ ).—Mexico 12, Chil-
pancingo and Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith: 3 2), Guadalajara (Schumann: ¢ ),
Vera Cruz (Sallé, in coll. Scudder: 3), Orizaba.

Saussure’s type is a male.

2. Achurum acridodes, Stal.

Truzxalis acridodes, Stal, fv. Vet.-Akad. Férh. xxx. 4, p. 52 (1873)’.

Achurum acridodes, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 101 (1873); Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. &
Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 865 (1875) ’.

Hab. Mexico},

Whether or not this species is distinct from the preceding remains to be seen. ‘The
collections contain no specimens that cannot be referred to A. swmichrasti.

TRUXALIS, Fabricius *.
Truxalis, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 279 (1775) (part.); Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 606 (1838) (part.) ;
Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 92 (1873) ; Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 825 (1&96).
Metaleptea, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 118 (1893).

This genus of locusts is confined to the American continent, where it is very widely
distributed. Specimens are before me from localities as far north in the United States
as the great lakes, and from as far south as the Rio Colorado in Argentina. ‘The
variation in the general appearance among individual specimens found in different
localities is evident. from tbe number of specific names that have been proposed by
various writers. Whether there is sufficient grounds for separating these dissimilar
forms inhabiting widely separated localities is a question which I am not prepared to
answer at present; it may be stated, however, that recent writers have referred
them to one species. The following rather extensive synonymy will show the
confusion which has existed in the past with reference to the representatives of this

genus as here limited.

1. Truxalis brevicornis, Linn.

Gryllus brevicornis, Linn. Cent. Ins. Rar. p. 15 (1763)*; Ameen. Acad. vi. p. 398 (1768) ?;
Syst. Nat. 12th ed. ii. p. 692 (1767) *; Turt. Syst. Nat. Linn. ii. p. 542 (1806) *.

Truxalis brevicornis, Fabr. Syst. Eut. p. 279 (1775) ° ; Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 264
(1815) °; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 104 (1873) ”.

Tryxalis brevicornis, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 607 (1888) °; Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 325 (1896) ° ;
Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 19 (1900) ».

Pyrgomorpha brevicornis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 68 (1873) ".

Metaleptea brevicornis, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Tor. xii. no. 301, p. 1 (1897);
Bruner, Sec. Rep. Merchant’s Locust Invest. Comm. B. A. p. 23 (1900).

* The characters of this genus are given in the Synopsis (anted, p. 26) under the name Metaleptea,
FF 2

36 . ORTHOPTERA.

Acridium ensicornum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. p. 449, t. 42. figg. 1, 2 (1778) *; Goeze, in De Geer’s
Gesch. Ths. iii. p. 325, t. 42. fig. 7 (1780) *.

Opsomala punctipennis, Serv. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 590 (1838) *°; Thomas, Trans. State
Agr. Soc. Illinois, p. 447 (1865).

Opomala punctipennis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 197 (1878) ™.

Pyrgomorpha punctipennis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 68 (1873) ”.

Truzxalis notochlora, Pal. de Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 80, t. 3. fig. 3 (1807) ”.

Metaleptea (Tryxalis) notochloris, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. lowa, iii. t. 8. fig. 63
(1895) *.

Truxalis viridula, Pal. de Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 81, t. 3. fig. 4 (1807) ”.

Truxalis adspersa, Blanch. Voyage dans l’Amér. Mérid. vi. 2, p. 216, t. 27. fig. 2 (1837-1843) *.

Oxycoryphus burkhartianus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 815%; Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt.
Brit. Mus. iv. p. 786 (1870) * ; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 202 (1878) *.

Hab. Norta America, United States 14 !©—Mexico 74, Minas Viejas (Dr. Palmer,
coll. Scudder), Orizaba (H. H. Smith, Godman), Atoyac, Teapa (#1. H. Smith), Jalapa
and San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Barrett & Townsend, in coll. Bruner); Nicaracva
(Shimek, coll. Bruner), Chontales (coll. Scudder); Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers), Puerto
Limon (Crawford & Carriker, coll. Bruner).—Co.ompia; British Guiana; Braziu ;
Paraguay; ARGENTINA; ANTILLES, San Domingo ”° 22,

Besides these records, there are numerous others which indicate that the insect is
well distributed over the various countries of both North and South America lying
between the latitudes of 40° on either side of the Equator, but more especially
eastward.

There are many specimens of it in my own collection and in that of the Carnegie
Museum at Pittsburg. The type of O. burkhartianus, Sauss., is before me as I write,
and it simply bears the label ‘“‘ Mexique.”

[ACANTHERUS, Scudder.
Acantherus, Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. pp. 22, 28 (1902). _

Since the synopsis of genera (anted, pp. 26-34) was prepared, an additional genus
belonging to the Tryxaline has come to light. It was described by Samuel H. Scudder
in a treatise on “‘ New Mexican Orthoptera.” As the insect upon which it is based
occurs in a region quite close to the southern boundary of New Mexico, where many
other Mexican locusts are found, it seems best to include it here. Scudder’s descriptions
of both genus and species are given below *. |

* ACANTHERUS, Scudder.

‘‘ Body rather elongate, compressed. Head shorter than the pronotum, a little protuberant, feebly ascending,
broader below than above, apically blunt ; vertex nearly plane, the fastigium brief, roundly subtriangular,
projecting less than its width beyond the eyes, without distinct median carina; eyes moderate, elongate-
elliptical, subvertical, slightly less oblique than the face; frontal costa very narrow, rather prominent,

MERMIRIA. 37

MERMIRIA, Stal.
Mermiria, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873).

The insects which have been separated from the remainder of the Tryxaline under
the generic name Mermiria, Stal, are among the most conspicuous North-American
locusts. They occur chiefly in the arid portions of Northern Mexico and the adjoining
regions of the United States. Several species, however, are much more widely
distributed, and frequent localities as far distant as the New England States and even
the adjoining Canadian territory. Most of them are partial to open country, where
they make their homes among bunch grasses, although two or three of them also
occur in sparsely timbered districts. They prefer sandy hill-sides and knolls to flat
country, and become much more plentiful on grounds that have not been burnt over
for several years. Most of the species are variable in colour, but their structural
features are more permanent.

feebly broadening below, straight when viewed obliquely; lateral foveole invisible from above, very
broad triangular, rather obscure, the apex of the triangle in the middle above; antenne half as
long as the tegmina, depressed, triquetral, at least basally, slender throughout and uniformly tapering.
Pronotum rather long, the dorsum nearly plane, the lateral lobes nearly vertical, the median carina
distinct but slight, the lateral carinee forming rounded shoulders, subparallel and not very distant on
the prozona, gently divergent on the metazona; prozona distinctly longer than the metazona ; lateral
lobes a little inflexed above, longer than high, the front and hind margins subparallel in lower half.
Prosternum with a transverse quadrangular blunt boss ; mesosternal lobes separated by a quadrate space
considerably narrower than the lobes themselves, the metasternal lobes by a space half as wide. Tegmina
and wings reaching the tip of the abdomen, both slender, the latter unusually so. Hind legs slender,
the femora reaching the tip of the abdomen, the tibia with about fifteen spines on outer row.”

1. Acantherus piperatus, Scudder.
Acantherus piperatus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 23, t. 3. fig. 37.

“Dark cinereo-fuscous, from blackish markings on a testaceous ground. Head reddish testaceous, almost
wholly overlaid with black longitudinal markings, on the summit broken into points, except for a rather
broad median stripe; frontal costa as narrow above as the basal joint of the uniformly luteous antennw,
feebly sulcate below. Pronotum testaceous above, reddish testaceous on lateral lobes, heavily sprinkled
with black puncta above, wanting on a narrow stripe bordering the lateral carine, heavily striped or
clouded with blackish on the lateral lobes, especially above, and also punctate, the lateral carine faintly
divergent in front, the front margin faintly, the hind margin slightly, convex. Tegmina flecked with
fuscous, pretty uniformly and rather sparsely and slightly infuscated on basal fourth, the anal area
subcinereous, flecked with fuscous ; wings pellucid, growing gradually infuscated in distal half, the base
faintly tinged with greenish. Hind femora dull testaceous, more or less infuscated, especially above,
with three broad clouds, the outer two separated by a pregenicular, broad, dull, luteous annulus; hind
tibiee with a similar but narrower and clearer postgenicular annulus breaking the black proximal half,
the distal half orange-red, the spines black, except basally.”

Length of body 33, of antenne 12:5, of tegmina 25, of hind femora 19, of hind tibie 17°5 millim.

Hab. Norra America, La Cueva, Organ Mts. (Townsend ').

Two females.

38 ORTHOPTERA.

Table for separating the Species of Mermiria.

A’. Head shorter than pronotum, or, if (rarely) as long, then the
greatest width of the fastigium is greater than its length beyond
the narrowest part of the vertex; last ventral segment of male
bluntly acuminate.
b’. Fastigium less prominent and blunter, its greatest breadth
being considerably greater than its length beyond the nar-
rowest part of the vertex, especially in the female.
c', Stouter, the hind femora shorter, not reaching the tips of the
tegmina in the female ; disc of pronotum, in female, hardly
or not more than twice as long as the greatest breadth ; head
with a broad occipital fuscous band . .
. More slender, the hind femora longer, reaching the tips of
the tegmina in the female; disc of pronotum distinctly,
generally much, more than twice as long as the greatest
breadth.
d', Tegmina distinctly maculate in both sexes; hind femora,
both externally and internally, with indications of dusky
bands ; occiput provided with a narrow fuscous band .

d’. Tegmina immaculate; hind femora without dusky bands;
occiput lacking the fuscous band . .

_ 6°, Fastigium of the vertex more prominent and angulate, its
greatest breadth being scarcely greater, even in the female,
than its length beyond the narrowest part of the vertex ; disc
of pronotum considerably more than twice as long as the
greatest breadth . . . woe ee ee ee

A’. Head as long as pronotum; fastigium at least as long beyond

the narrowest part of the vertex as its extreme breadth, semi-

elliptical, the sides converging with a well-rounded curve, the
tip broadly rounded; last ventral segment of male more pro-

duced and somewhat acutely acuminate. . . .. .

l. ¢evana, Bruner.

[2. maculipennis, Bruner. |

[3. bivittata, Serv.]

4. intertexta, Scudd.

5. neo-mexicana, Thom.

1. Mermiria texana, Bruner. (Tab. I. figg. 19,194, 2.)
Mermiria texana, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 58, 54, t. 1. fig. 11 (1890) +; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 206 (1897) *; Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv.

p. 42 (1899) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado, New Mexico, Fort Grant in Arizona ?, and El Paso
in Texas 1.—Mexico, Montelovez in Coahuila (col/. Scudder), Villa Lerdo in Durango !

(coll. Bruner).

Not represented in the ‘ Biologia’ Collection.

MERMIRIA.—PAROPOMALA. 39

(2. Mermiria maculipennis, Bruner. (Tab. I. fig. 9, ¢.)

Mermiria maculipennis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 54, 55 (1890) '.

Mermiria bivittata, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. p. 42 (1899)’; Proc. Dav.
Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 19 (1890) *.

Hab. Norra America, Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, and San Antonio, both in
Texas !~3 (colls. L. Bruner and of U.S. National Museum). |

[3. Mermiria bivittata, Serv.

Opsomala bivittata, Serv. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 589 1889) *; Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt.
Brit. Mus. iii. p. 507 (1870) *.

Acridium bivittatum, de Haan, Bijdr. Kenntn. Orthopt. p. 143 (1842).°.

Opomala bivittata, Thomas, Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. v. p. 447 (1865)*; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer.
p- 65, fig. 16 (1873) °; Scudd. Final Rept. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1872) °.

Mermiria bivittata, Scudd. “Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 30, 31 (1877) 7; Proc. Amer. Acad.
Arts & Sciences, xxxv. p. 42 (1899) °.

Hab. Nortu America!~®, Las Cruces (Townsend), Mesilla (Morse), Arizona and New
Mexico (Scudder * 8), Texas (Scudder 78, Bruner).

These records, together with the wide known range of the species, are sufficient
evidence to indicate that it is present in portions of Northern Mexico. ]|

4. Mermiria intertexta, Scudd.
Mermiria intertexta, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sciences, xxxv. pp. 42, 43 (1899) *.

Hab. NortH America, Eagle Pass, Texas, on the border of Mexico}.

5. Mermiria neo-mexicana, Thomas.

Opomala neomexicana, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, pp. 77, 78 (1870)'; Glover,
Iilustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 16. fig. 10 (1874) ”.

Mermiria neomezicana, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 262 (1876) °; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 206, 207 (1897) *.

Mermiria belfragei, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873) °; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol.
Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. pp. 866, 900 (1875)°; Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts &
Sciences, xxxv. p. 43 (1899) ”. |

Hab. Nortu America, New Mexico and Texas !~‘.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo in Durango
(Bruner).

A specimen taken by the present writer at Villa Lerdo, during the autumn of 1887,
but not now in his possession, was determined as this species.

PAROPOMALA, Scudder.
Paropomala, Scudder, Psyche, viii. p. 437 (1899).

General form cylindrical. Head moderately long, the face receding ; vertex between the eyes nearly as broad
as their shortest diameter; plane of lateral foveole depressed but vertical; eyes regularly elliptical,

40) ORTHOPTERA.

almost or quite as rounded above as below, broadest at middle; pronotum well rounded above, without
lateral carine, or, at most, present only in the males of some species as feeble angles on the hind lobes.
Tegmina narrow, straight, with few veins and cross-veins, the apex broadly rounded, somewhat abbre-
viated in some species and longer than the abdomen in others. Front and middle legs short and slender ;
hind femora varying from slender to moderately heavy, usually shorter than the abdomen in both sexes ;
hind tibie armed with from 12 to 15 spines in the outer row.

The species which belong to the region under consideration can be separated as
follows :—
Table for separating the Species of Paropomala.

A’. Tegmina not reaching the tip of the abdomen or even the tip of the
hind femora; subgenital plate of male elongate, half as long again as
the last ventral segment. Colour green or pallid Loe [1. calamus, Scudd. |

A®. Tegmina surpassing the hind femora, generally reaching the tip of the
abdomen, and in some cases surpassing it. Subgenital plate of male
(at least in the species where known) not very long, no longer than
the ventral segment. Colour variable.

6’. General form robust. Posterior lateral edges of pronotum decidedly
roundly produced below. Occiput without a median carina. Pre-
vailing colour greenish woe ee ee [2. pallida, sp. n.|

b*. General form more slender. Occiput provided with a median carina.
Lower lateral edges of pronotum straight or nearly so. Prevailing
colour testaceous, but varied with brown and white.

c’. Head rather large, its length about equalling that of the pronotum.
Lateral dark and light bands of equal length . . . . . . . 38. dissimilis, sp. n.

c*. Head of moderate size, its length considerably less than that of
the pronotum. Lateral bands of unequal width, the darker one

being the narrower. . 2 . . 1 1. . 1 ww www LA virgata, Seudd.]

[1. Paropomala calamus, Scudd.
Paropomala calamus, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 487 (1899) '.

Hab. Norta Amurica, Lancaster, California (Morse 1).

Included here on account of the similarity of the faunas of Northern Mexico and
Southern California. |

[2. Paropomala pallida, sp. n.

A rather robust form, when compared with the other species of the genus. Of a pale green colour throughout,
except along the lower half of the sides of the pronotum and pleura of meso- and metathorax, where there
is an indication of the usual paler streak.

Head as broad as the front edge of the pronotum, slightly ascending; the fastigium above deeply sulcate at
the sides and in front, at which latter point there is an indication of a short median carina; lateral
foveole arcuate, linear, profound; frontal costa deeply and broadly sulcate, its sides parallel to the
ocellus, gently expanding below; antenne ensiform, rather deeply depressed above and equally strongly
carinate below. Pronotum of equal width in front and behind, gently contracted in the middle, the
hind lobe of the dorsum slightly elevated, and finely granulate, broadly rounded on the posterior margin ;
sides nearly perpendicular, the lower posterior portion with a short, broad, downward projecting lobe ;

PAROPOMALA. 41

two nearly equal transverse sulci crossing the dorsal surface, the posterior one situated a little behind the
middle; median carina slight, but visible throughout. Prosternum with scarcely any indication of
protuberance or spine. Tegmina of moderate width, extending a little beyond the apex of the abdomen.
Front and middle legs short and slender, the hind femora moderately stout, about four-fifths the length
of the abdomen ; hind tibie provided with 12 spines in the outer row.

Length of body, 9 , 35, of antenne 11, of pronotum 6, of tegmina 25-5, of hind femora 16 millim.

Hab. Norta Amurica, Indio, California (Wickham).

Three females. This appears to be the largest and most robust species of the genus
thus far discovered, and, judging from its greenish colour, probably frequents lower
ground than do its allies that live in places where the vegetation is normally somewhat
short and dry. |

3. Paropomala dissimilis, sp. n.

Very like P. virgata, Scudd., but larger and with the colours more decided. Head slightly wider than the
front edge of the pronotum, about as long as the prothorax, and provided with a well-defined carina-that
begins at the front edge of the vertex and extends backwards over the middle of the occiput to the front
edge of the pronotum; pronotum gently constricted in the middle, the median carina linear but distinct,
severed by two transverse sulci, the lower lateral edges feebly produced, much less so than in P. pallida.
Tegmina reaching the tip of the abdomen.

General colour pale testaceous above, lighter below, with a dark brown longitudinal stripe reaching from the
middle of the back edges of the eyes to a point just above the insertion of the hind femora; below this
dark band there is one of equal width and length, which is white. Tegmina with the median vein dusky,
the costal margin whitish, the median and dorsal areas dull testaceous.

Length of body, 2, 32°5, of pronotum 5:25, of tegmina 21°5 millim.

Hab. Arizona, Soutn Catirornia, or NortuEern Mexico (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

The only specimen of this species which has been examined is the one contained in
the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. It was among material collected
by Gustav Eisen in Southern Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico, and submitted
to the writer for determination. The specimen, a female, lacks both antenne and hind
femora, but differs so markedly in shape and in the comparative size of its head that it
is described without hesitation as distinct.

(4. Paropomala virgata, Scudd.
Paropomala virgata, Scudd. Pysche, viii. p. 437 (1899) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Colorado, Nebraska, California, New Mexico, Arizona, &c.1!

This is by far the most abundant and, at the same time, the most widely distributed
species of the genus. Specimens have been collected by A. P. Morse at Mesilla, New
Mexico (June 29th); between Gila Bend and Yuma, Arizona (July 4th); and in
California, at Palm Springs (July 12th), Cahon Pass (July 10th), Lancaster (Aug. Ist),
and Kern City (Aug. 4th). It has also been found as far north as Eastern Colorado
and South-west Nebraska. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. Ge

42 ORTHOPTERA.

PAPAGOA *, gen. nov.

Related to Syrbula, but differing from that genus in having a narrower vertex, which is without a longitudinal
carina; and in the longer tegmina and wings, the former without regular veins in the discal field or on
the costal margin. Hind femora slender, the tibisee provided with 16 spines in the outer row. The other
characters are indicated in the Table for separating the genera of the Tryxaline (anted, p. 27).

1. Papagoa arizonensis, sp. n.

The single male specimen at hand has been dried after long immersion in spirits, besides being otherwise
injured, hence an approximate description only can be attempted. The general appearance would suggest
that the insect was in life testaceous, varied with brown, and possibly had the dorsal angles and costal
margins of the tegmina streaked with green or pale yellow. The pronotum with the upper half of the
lateral field provided with a dusky band that is continued on the disc of the tegmina and the sides of the
head ; the hind femora greenish, with some dusky marks along the upper edge of the outer face ; the lower
portions of the body dirty-white or yellowish.

Length of body, 3, 23, of pronotum 4-30, of tegmina 22°5, of hind femora 14 millim.

Hab. Arizona or Nortoern Mexico (coll. Bruner).

A single male found among some Orthoptera collected by Mr. G. W. Dunn in
Southern Arizona or Northern Mexico.

SYRBULA, Stal.
Oxycoryphus, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 316; Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus.
iv. p. 786 (1870). .
Stenobothrus, Uhler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. pp. 553-555 (1864); Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt.
Brit. Mus. iv. p.753; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 84 (1873) ; Glover, I INlustr. N. Amer.
Ent., Orthopt. t. 4. fig. 13 (1872) (nec Fischer).
Syrbula, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 90 (1873); Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 119 (1898).

This genus is typically one belonging to the arid regions of the plateaux of Central
Mexico and the South-western United States, where a rather large number of species
occur. It is also to be met with along the Gulf Coast in the more humid portion of
Mexico. The different forms vary greatly, but they may be recognized fairly well by
referring to the accompanying Table.

The males of the various species of the genus seem to be very closely related, and
in some instances are rather difficult to separate. If we take the pains, however, to
compare them closely with the females, and at the same time note the localities where
taken, there need be but little trouble in this respect.

Table for separating the Species of Syrbula.

FEMALES.

A’. Pronotum with the lateral carine nearly straight, only gently
bowed inward, the dorsal field provided laterally with two con-

* A geographical name.

SYRBULA. 43

tinuous, rather broad, dusky bands; antenne filiform; hind
tibie furnished with about 20-23 spines in the outer row.
6’. Larger; the mottling in the disc of the tegmina usually running
together ; antenne slender throughout, rather long ; hind tibie
infuscated apically . . . . . . « « IL. admirabilis, Uhl.; leucocera, Stal.
6’. Smaller; the mottlings in the disc of the tegmina appearing as
distinct blotches ; antennz quite short, semiclavate ; hind tibiz
unicolorous, pale . .... 4... , oe . « 2 pacifica, sp. n.
A’. Pronotum with the lateral carine strongly bowed inward, the
dorsal field above without continuous dusky bands; antenne with
the basal joints more or less strongly flattened; hind tibiz
furnished with from 16-18 spines in the outer row.
6'. Tegmina nearly or quite without mottling in the discal field.
c'. Larger species. Disc of pronotum widest behind, and with
lateral dusky bands showing only on the posterior lobe.
Tegmina with the costal edge membranous . . . . . 9&8. montezuma, Sauss.
ce’. Smaller species. Disc of pronotum as wide in front as behind,
the lateral dusky bands showing on the front edge of the
anterior lobe as well as on the posterior one. Tegmina with |
the costal edge coriaceous . . . . 4. valida, Rehn.
b. Tegmina provided with well-defined mottling i in the discal field. .
c’. Antenne with the basal joints only slightly depressed or
flattened. Tegmina semimembranous throughout. . . . ([6. fuscovittata, Thom. |
c’, Antenne with the basal joints considerably depressed or
flattened, thus giving these segments a dagger-like form.
a’, Large and robust; the head large and wide; pronotum
with faint indications of the lateral dusky discal stripe on
the sides of the extreme front edge. Wings markely
tessellate with hyaline . . . . . . . 7%. robusta, sp. n.
d’. Form more slender; the head not unusually large o or broad ;
pronotum in front without traces of lateral discal stripe.
e’. Larger. The tegmina deep grass-green, rather heavily
mottled with dark brown ; the tibize and tarsi of all the
legs infuscated or purplish . . . . . [8. acuticornis, Bruner. ]
e*, Smaller. The tegmina light green, rather obscurely
mottled with smoky brown; the tibiz but little infus-

cated . 2. 7 ee eee ee [9. modesta, sp. n.]

MatgEs.

A’. Lateral carinz of pronotum only gently bowed. Tegmina always
plainly and decidedly mottled in the discal area. Wings pale
fuliginous. Sides of face and thorax varied with streaks of light
testaceous or dirty white.
b', Hind femora with the outer face of basal half crossed by well- |
Ge 2

44 ORTHOPTERA.

defined, dusky, oblique bands, the tibiz also decidedly infuscated

near the middle and at the apex . . : » « 1. admirabilis, Uhl.
6°. Hind femora with the outer face of the basal half uniformly
dusky, the tibiz less decidedly infuscated . . . . . « . Jeucocera, Stal (?).

A’. Lateral carine of pronotum more decidedly bowed. Tegmina
showing no decided mottling in the discal area. Wings dark
fuliginous, in most cases nearly black. Sides of face and thorax
not greatly varied with dirty white or testaceous.
b'. Larger. Legs more or less green.
c’. Hind femora on the outer face not dusky; disc in outer half
of tegmina occasionally occupied by faint dusky maculations. [8. acuticornis, Bruner. ]
c’, Hind femora with the outer face on basal half occupied by

dusky.
d’. Apical third of hind femora deep ‘ransparent green, the
knees not much infuscated. . . . - . . . + [6. fuscovittata, Thom.]

d’, Apical third of hind femora dull dirty green . . . . . 8. montezwma, Sauss.
b°. Smaller. Legs either infuscated or uniformly light-coloured.
ce’. Form robust : general colour black, varied with green on head

and thorax. . . woe ee ew ee . . « 5. eslave, Rhen.
c’. Form slender : general colour greenish, varied with ¢ testaceous
and ferruginous . . . 2... . . «es ww «© «LQ. modesta, sp. n.]

1. Syrbula admirabilis, Uhler.

Stenobothrus admirabilis, Ubler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil. ii. p. 5538 (1864); Walk. Cat. Dermapt.
Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 753 (1870)*; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 4. fig. 13
(1872) °.

Syrbula admirabilis, Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois, ix. pp. 88, 93, 100-102 (1880) *; Bruner, Bull.
Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. Pp 131 (1885) °; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 222
(1879) °.

? Syrbula leucocera, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 102, 103 (1878)"; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. &
Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 869 (1875) °.

Hab. Norra America’, United States, chiefly southward.—Mexico, San Rafael in

_ Vera Cruz (coll. Bruner).

In the collection of the writer there are several males from San Rafael, Vera Cruz,
which differ but little from others taken in Florida. Perhaps the §. leucocera of
Stal may be identical with these Mexican specimens. No females have been examined
from Mexico.

2. Syrbula pacifica, sp. n.

General colour grass-green ; the pronotum with the lateral carine nearly straight, its disc laterally marked
with longitudinal dark bands. Tegmina provided with a row of large circular dusky spots along the
discal field, occasionally running together as in S. admirabilis and several of the other species. Wings
only faintly clouded or fuscous, Head of moderate size; the occiput short, about two-thirds as long as

SYRBULA. 45

the pronotum, provided with a well-defined median carina, paralleled by two others, one on either side.
These lateral carinz of the occiput followed by narrow dark lines, which enclose a longitudinal field,
either lighter or darker in colour than the region outside, and which, in the specimens before me, seems
to be regularly divided by transverse depressions or ridges, giving to it a scalariform appearance.
Face not greatly oblique; frontal costa about half as wide as the vertex, expanding a trifle below, gently
suleate at the ocellus. Antenne short, reaching about the middle of the pronotum, slender at the base,
the joints on the apical third depressed and somewhat clavate in appearance. Pronotum short, the last
transverse sulcus situated about the middle; front and hind margins above nearly straight; the hind -
lobe finely roughened. The ordinary narrow white line back of the eyes and on the sides of the pronotum,
the latter in a dusky patch. Hind femora with a dusky streak along the upper edge of the basal half of
the outer face ; anterior and middle legs purplish.
Length of body, 9, 32, of antennsw 7, of pronotum 5, of tegmina 23, of hind femora 21 millim.

Hab. MExico, Tepic (Gustav Hisen, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

Two females.

3. Syrbula montezuma, Sauss.

Oxycoryphus montezuma, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 316°; “Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt.
Brit. Mus. iv. p. 786 (1870) *; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 202 (1878) ®*.

Syrbula montezuma, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 102 (1873) *; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol.
Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. p. 869 (1875)°; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi.
pp. 221, 222 (1897) °.

Hab. Mexico 1, Guerrero, Eslava in the Distrito Federal (Barrett, in coll. Bruner).

Although there are no examples of this locust in the ‘ Biologia’ collection,
Mr. O. W. Barrett has sent me several specimens of both sexes.

4, Syrbula valida, Rehn.
Syrbula (Herus) valida, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 91 (1900) *.

Hab. Mexico, Eslava (Barrett, in coll. Rehn +).

The types have been examined by me.

5. Syrbula eslave, Rehn.
Syrbula eslave, Rebun, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 90 (1900) ’*.

Hab. Muxico, Eslava (Barrett, in coll. Rehn* and coll. Bruner: ¢ .)
This is very likely the male of S. valida.

(6. Syrbula fuscovittata, Thomas. (Tab. I. figg. 25, 25 a, 3.)
Syrbula fuscovittata, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. Zool. pp. 870,
871, t. 45. fig. 7 (1875)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 222, 223, (1897) *.”
Hab. Nort America, Southern Arizona (Henshaw !), Tucson (Kunze), Arizona (Dunn,
in coll. Bruner) ; also reported from Filmore Cafion, Organ Mountains, New Mexico,
at an altitude of 5700 feet above sea-level (Scudder & Cockerell).|

46 ORTHOPTERA.

7. Syrbula robusta, sp. n.

Large and robust, with acuminate antenne and a larger head than usual. General colour green; discal area
of wings with the customary row of dusky blotches. Pronotum with strongly bowed lateral caring,
edged on the outer side of the anterior lobes and on the inner side of the posterior lobe with deep black,
also with indications of the discal lateral dusky bands, both on the hinder and the extreme front edge of
the anterior lobes; the sides with faint indications of the middle dusky patch and the white streak which
are characteristic of the genus. Wings fuliginous and quite markedly tessellate with hyaline, especially
on the anterior half. Tibise and tarsi of anterior and middle legs infuscated or dark purplish. [Hind
legs missing. |

Length of body, 2, 38, of antenne 10-5, of pronotum 6°15, of tegmina 28 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Ventanas in Durango 2000 feet (forrer).

A single imperfect specimen.

|8. Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner.
Syrbula acuticornis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 55 (1890) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 221, 223, t. 2. figg. 10, 10 6 (1897) *.

Hab. Nortu AMERicA, extreme South-western Texas ! (A. Wadgymar, in coll. Bruner),
New Mexico, east of Mesilla Park (Morse), La Trementina, New Mexico (Alice Blake). ]

(9. Syrbula modesta, sp. n.

A rather small, moderately robust species, with the antennz subensiform in the female, and having the joints
somewhat depressed near the base and towards the apex in the male. Head large, nearly or quite as
long above as the pronotum, a little broader than the front edge of the latter. Pronotum with the
lateral carine strongly but roundly converging, approaching closest a little in advance of the middle ;
anterior lobes quite smooth, the hind one rather strongly granulate or roughened, the punctures and
ridges tending to assume alternate longitudinal rows. Tegmina narrow, tapering; in the female about
reaching the tip of the abdomen, in the male broadest about the middle and a little "longer. ‘Hind
femora slender, somewhat surpassing the tegmina in both sexes.

General colour of the female greenish, varied with dirty white, testaceous, ferruginous, brown, and black ; of
the male testaceous, varied with white, green, brown, and black. Female with the head, sides of
pronotum, pleura, and hind femora green; tegmina also green, but with the discal field occupied by
large dark brown or fuliginous spots, which often run together, thereby occupying the greater portion of
the field. Dorsal surface of pronotum ferruginous, with a wedge-shaped black mark along the inner edge
of the lateral carina on each side of the hind lobe ; upper edges of lateral lobes with a narrow streak of
black. There are also faint indications of the usual dark streaks along the sides of the head and pronotum.
In the male the face and sides of the pronotum are green; the cheeks, occiput, and disc of the pronotum
ferruginous, the former with streaks of white. Tegmina with the costal margin black, followed by a
narrow streak of greenish-white at the base, transparent beyond, then the disc is dusky on account of
the fuliginous wings showing through, and the dorsal portion testaceous or cinereous. The hind wings
somewhat dusky towards the base.

Length of body, ¢ 19, 2 29; of antenne, g 8, 2? 7; of pronotum, g 3:25, 2 5; of tegmina, ¢ 14-15,
9 20; of hind femora, ¢ 13, 9 17:5 millim.

Hab. Norra America, Grand Cafion of the Colorado River, Arizona (C. H. T.
Townsend & A. B. Cordley).

Two males and two females. |

ACROLOPHITUS. 47

[ACROLOPHITUS, Thomas.
Acrolophitus, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 278 (1871).

The genus Acrolophitus is the type of a small group, the members of whieh are
mostly distributed over the plateau region north of Mexico and the western portions
of the United States. Until now a single species only has been recorded. In looking
over a number of specimens in the material before me, coming from various localities
between the Mexican boundary in the south and the Saskatchewan River in the north,
a great deal of variation in structure as well as colour is apparent. This being true, it
is evident that at least two, and possibly three, distinct species should be recognized.
For the present, however, but two such forms will be named, viz., the typical
A. hirtipes of. Say, coming from the eastern foot-hills of the Rocky Mountains from
Southern Wyoming to Northern New Mexico; the second, so far as known to the
writer, restricted to the prairie-region of South-western Texas near the Rio Grande,
and undoubtedly also extending across the border into Mexico. What might well be
termed a third form, if not a distinct species, is to be met with in the sand-hills of
Nebraska, in the Dakotas, Montana, and on the plains of the Saskatchewan west of
Manitoba, The habits of A. hirtipes and the more northern form are similar, both
being found on rolling ground where vegetation is rather scant. The third, which we
will provisionally call A. wniformis, seems to prefer various species of Artemisia and
allied genera of plants as food. In flight these insects are rather slow, but their green
colour, combined with the dusky banded hind wings, renders them quite conspicuous
creatures when on the wing.

These forms may be readily distinguished by the following subjoined brief synoptical
table :—

Table for separating the Species of Acrolophitus.

A’. Insect decidedly variegated with light and dark streaks and blotches.
The pronotum acute-angled behind in both sexes. The legs not pro-
fusely hirsute . 2. 2. 6 1 ew ee ee ee ee 2. variegatus, sp. n.

A’. Insect only slightly or not at all variegated with light and dark streaks.
The pronotum in female right-angled behind, that of the male some-
what acute. Legs profusely hirsute.

b'. Tegmina showing traces of darker blotches, frequently quite decided.
The hind femora faintly banded with narrow, oblique, yellow streaks. 1. hirtipes, Say.

b?. Tegmina unicolorous, or if showing traces of light blotches, this is
due to the lighter colour of the veinlets. Hind femora unicolorous. 3. uniformis, sp. n.?

1. Acrolophitus hirtipes, Say.
Gryllus hirtipes, Say, Amer. Ent. iii. t. 84 (1828) *; Ent. N. Amer. ed. Lec. i. p. 78, t. 34 (1859) *.
Acrolophitus hirtipes, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. pp. 266, 278 (1871) °; Glover,
Illustr. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 9. fig. 7 (1872) *; Scudd. Psyche, v. pp. 435, 436 (1890) °.
Acrolophita hirtipes, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii’. p. 794 (1877) °.

48 ORTHOPTERA.

Hab. Norta America !-§, eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Northern
Texas to Southern Wyoming.

Found in all the American collections, but not in the ‘Biologia’ material, which
would indicate that the species does not extend far into Mexico. All the records
of specimens taken beyond these limits refer without doubt to either A. variegatus or

A. uniformis,

2. Acrolophitus variegatus, sp.n. (Tab. I. fig. 3, ¢ .)

General colour dark apple-green, greatly streaked and mottled with pinkish-testaceous or dull salmon-colour.
The crest on the hind lobe of the pronotum very high and evenly rounded, forming almost one-half of a
circle. Head pyramidal, the vertex greatly ascending, acuminate; occiput short, narrow; frontal costa
prominent, its sides nearly parallel below the antenne, rather deeply sulcate throughout. Antenne long

and slender, the joints scarcely depressed. Pronotum strongly contracted in front and widened behind,
the posterior margin of the disc acute-angled in both sexes; the median carina wanting on the anterior
lobe, but present and modified into an exceedingly high and evenly rounded crest on the posterior lobe,
occupying about four-fifths of the length of the pronotum. Tegmina and wings ample, extending
considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora also long and slender, nearly
attaining the apex of the closed wings. .

General colour above of various shades of apple-green, below testaceous and dirty white with a faint tinge of
green. Face dirty greenish-yellow; cheeks and occiput dark green, with two oblique dull salmon-
coloured streaks on each side, which are continued on to the sides of the pronotum ; the latter with a
similarly-coloured band on each side of the disc above running from near the front edge of the crest to
the hind edge just below the shoulders. Anterior and middle legs testaceous, with obscure bands of

' brown and dirty green ; hind femora green, with their lower edge and the base, also two oblique bands
and one preapical band, of a pale salmon-colour. Tegmina dark green, varied with irregular light-
coloured maculations in the discal field ; on the basal half the light and dark spots are much smaller and
occupy about an equal amount of space, beyond this the dark colour predominates and occupies nearly
the entire width of the wing as unequal transverse blotches. Antenne dark ferruginous or reddish-
brown.

Length of body, ¢ 34, 2 44; of pronotum, ¢ 8, 2 10; of tegmina, ¢ 31°5, 2 36; of hind femora, 3 23,
26; of antenne, ¢ 19, 2 20 millim.

Hab. NortaH America, Carrizo Springs, Dimmit County, Texas, and about 20 miles
from the Mexican border (A. Wadgymar, in coll. Bruner).

Specimens of both sexes were collected in the month of June.]

ACROCARA, Scudder.

Acrocara, Scudder, Psyche, v. pp. 436, 437 (1890).

The representatives of this genus are widely distributed over the arid regions of
the Rocky Mountains. ‘Two species are now known; and in both cases but few
individuals have thus far been reported. One of these, A. maculipennis, Scudd., is
confined to Mexico; the other, A. pulchella, Bruner, comes from Idaho among the

lava-beds.

ACROCARA.—MACHAROCERA, ; 49

1. Acrocara maculipennis, Scudder. (Tab. I. figg. 1, 1a, 2.)
Acrocara maculipenne, Scudd. Psyche, v. pp. 437, 438 (1890) *.
Hab. MrExico, Montelovez in Coahuila (coll. Scudder), Villa Lerdo in Durango
(coll. Bruner *),

The only specimens of this locust before me are two males from Montelovez, found
on September 20th, and a single female from Villa Lerdo, found in November ; it is
natural to surmise, therefore, that it is either quite rare or else restricted in its
distribution to peculiar localities or certain food-plants. The female referred to above
was captured by the present writer ; so far as my memory serves me, it was found upon
a low thorny herb with greyish leaves growing in alkali soil at the foot of a steep
rocky slope. Although a careful search was made at the time, no additional specimens
could be found.

MACH/EROCERA, Saussure.
Macherocera, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 391 (1859).

The insects comprising this genus are confined to Mexico and the northern portions
of Central America, where they seem to be generally distributed in the more humid
districts. Their general colour is dusky, of some shade of brown, and, in certain forms,
occasionally marked with lighter tints along the dorsum and on the hind femora. The
wings are blue, becoming more or less heavily infuscated on the apical half or two-
thirds. The various species differ one from the other chiefly in size and form, and, as
a rule, occupy different sections of the country. The annexed table will aid in
distinguishing them.

Table for separating the Species of Macherocera.

A‘. Hind wings with the dusky portion dense and quite uniform, occupy-
ing the greater part of the apical two-thirds, and in some instances,
perhaps, quite three-fourths.
b'. Hind tibiz decidedly blue or bluish; the hind femora marked. with
three yellow bands. Dorsum usually provided with a longitudinal
pale stripe. [Occurs near the Gulf Coast from fampice to Yucatan
—a slender, rather long-winged insect.| . . . . . . 1. mexicana, Sauss.
b?. Hind tibiz more or less rufous, or fuscous, but sometimes with a
bluish tinge; the hind femora less prominently banded. Dorsum
generally without the pale longitudinal stripe.
c', Rather slender. General colour very dark brown, the tegmina
usually not conspicuously light-coloured on the dorsal field.
[ Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras.] . . . . . . 2. obscura, sp. n.
c?, More robust. General colour ferruginous-brown, the dorsal field
of the tegmina usually conspicuously lighter-coloured. [West
coast of Central Mexico.] . . . 2 . « 4 pacifica, sp. n.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, January 1904. Hu

50 ORTHOPTERA.

A’, Hind wings with the dusky portion light, irregular, occupying less than
two-thirds of the apical portion, often in great part composed of the
infuscation of the veins.

6’. Larger. Tegmina almost without mottling ; the infuscation of the
wings little more than the darkening of the veins. [Pacific slope
of Mexico northward.]. . . 1. . 1 1 1 ew eee .

b’. Smaller. Usually with conspicuously mottled tegmina; the infus-
cation more decided, but tessellated with hyaline in the female.
{Mountain regions of eastern slope of Mexico between 1000 and
6000 feet altitude} . 2. 2. 2 1. 6. ww ee ee ee OB Sumichrasti, Thom.

3. magna, sp. 0.

1. Macherocera mexicana, Sauss.
Macherocera mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 891 (1859) '.

‘“‘ Fuscous, with a pale longitudinal stripe. Pronotum granulose, rugulose, and carinated, the carine inter-
rupted in the middle ; posterior margin angulate ; apex subemarginate ; the posterior area flat above, each
side carinated. The posterior femora marked with three yellow bands; posterior tibis blue, with a
testaceous ring at the base. Wings fuscous; the base and posterior portion bluish. The subanal plate

of the male tricuspidate.
“¢, Length 1-2in. 9. Length 1°8 in.”

Hab: Mexico!, Tampico (Mus. Geneva), Temax in N. Yucatan (Gauwmer).

A specimen borrowed from the Museum in Geneva, Switzerland, is now before me ;
it is a male, labelled in Saussure’s handwriting and undoubtedly typical. This insect,
which is from Tampico, measures just a trifle less than 30 millim. from the anterior
point of the vertex to the tip of the closed tegmina, and agrees in every particular
with the above brief description. In the ‘ Biologia’ collection there are two others,
¢ and @, from Yucatan. |

2. Macherocera obscura, sp. n.

General colour very dark brown, the wings narrow, largely and heavily infuscated. The insect with a more
slender body and longer antenne than usual, and with a very prominent pale annulation near the base of
the hind tibie, which are very dark but with a bluish tinge. Structure of vertex, face, and pronotum
much as in M. mexicana and M. sumichrastt. Although the general colour is very dark, there are
indications of the usual fine mottling on the tegmina and of lighter bands on the hind femora, the inner
face of the latter especially showing the bands conspicuously.

Length of body, ¢ 19-20, 9 33; of antenne, ¢ 13, 9 13:5; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 97; of tegmina, ¢ 21-22,

@ 31-32; of hind femora, g 12, 2 18 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Rio Papagaio [1 ¢, 2 2 ], Tierra Colorada [1 ¢ ], and Rincon, all in
Guerrero (H. H. Smith); British Honpvras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur: ? ); GuATE-
maLA, San Gerénimo (Champion: 3 2).

Whether the three forms referred to above are geographical races of a single species,
or distinct, matters but little. ‘The only way to decide this would be to study their
habits in the field.

MACH AROCERA. 51

3. Macherocera magna, sp. n.

Much larger and more robust than M. mexicana, with the dusky portion of the hind wings occupying little
more than the apical half, and, for the most part, due to the infuscation of the veins and cross-veins.
Head rather broad, the occiput somewhat tumid, and, together with the vertex, rising slightly above the upper
edges of the eyes; vertex broad, flat, the sides straight and meeting in front almost in a point, the
side-areas flat, sloping so that they can readily be seen from above ; frontal costa prominent between
the insertion of the antenne, the sides parallel and when viewed in profile evenly rounded, below the
ocellus gradually widening to the clypeus, sulcate throughout. Pronotum broad, coarsely granulate, the
median carina heavy, of equal prominence throughout, cut by the anterior and posterior transverse sulci,
the latter placed about the middle. Tegmina broad, with scarcely any indication of maculation. Posterior
femora with the outer disc uniformly pale, without transverse bands, save a single median light one
interiorly, but with several dark brown dots along the carina which borders this field below. Tibie

infuscated, with a slightly paler basal annulus.

General colour of the body, legs, and tegmina dull reddish-brown, the latter a trifle paler dorsally. Wings
deep transparent blue on the basal half and along the anal edge for some distance towards the apex. In
the dusky portion. this colouring is due chiefly to the infuscation of the veins and veinlets, although there
are also indications of the clouding of the membrane as well, especially interiorly and towards the apex.

Length of body, 9,43; of pronotum 10, of tegmina 39, width of same 7:15; length of hind femora
24 millim.

fab. Mexico, ‘‘ Durango or Sinaloa” (Forrer).

One female.

4. Macherocera pacifica, sp. n. |
Stouter and somewhat larger than any of the east coast forms, but with the hind wings largely fuliginous.
Structure of the head and pronotum similar to that of M. magna, only a trifle more robust in proportion
to the size of the insect. Tegmina moderately broad, with the dorsal field lighter coloured, the disc
obscurely mottled. Hind femora with obscure indications of light and dark bands externally and the

same quite pronounced internally.
Length of body, ¢ 22, 9 39; of antennx, 5 13, 2 16; of pronotum, ¢ 5°5, 9 7-8; of tegmina, ¢ 23,
© 32-84; of hind femora, ¢ 15, 2 21 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic, on the Pacific slope, not far from San Blas (Gustav Eisen, in
coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

Numerous specimens of both sexes.

5. Macherocera sumichrasti, Thomas. (Tab. I. figg. 7, 7a, 2.)
Macherocera sumichrasti, Thomas, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. no. 2 (First Series), p. 70 (1874) *.
Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith & Godman), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann &
H. H. Smith), San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Townsend), Jalapa (Godman).

Thomas’s description agrees practically with the form found so plentifully in the
vicinity of Orizaba on the Atlantic slope of the eastern cordillera. It is readily
separable from IM. pacijfica by its somewhat shorter and less obscure wings and the
other characters given in the synoptic table.

Hu 2

52 ORTHOPTERA.

BOOTETTIX, Bruner.

Boétettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 57, 58 (Febr. 1890).
? Gymnes, Scudder, Psyche, v. p. 440 (Dec. 1890).

Although related to Acrolophitus, Acrocara, and Macherocera, Bootettiz is very
different from any of them. While the former are sluggish in their movements and
do not stridulate loudly, the representatives of this genus are both extremely active
and noisy. These latter also live above the ground and seldom alight upon it,
preferring instead to cling to the twigs of a species of evergreen Larrea which seems
to be their food-plant, and when disturbed they jump or fly from one plant to another
if possible, so greatly do they seem to be attached to it.

1. Bootettix argentatus, Bruner. (Tab. I. figg. 24,24 a, 6, 2.)
Boétettix argentatus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 38, 59, t. 1. figg.4,5°*; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 256, t. 5. figg. 23, 23a, 6 (1897) *.
? Gymnes punctatus, Scudd. Pysche, v. pp. 440, 441°; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 21 (1900) *.
Hab. Nortu America, California 2, New Mexico, El Paso in Texas, Southern Arizona.
—Mexico, Villa Lerdo in Durango (Bruner), Chihuahua.

If, as I surmise, Gymnes punctatus, Scudd., proves to be the same species, the distri-

bution is still greater—possibly coincident with that of the Larrea above referred to
as its food-plant.

ERITETTIX, Bruner.
Stenobothrus, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 80 (1873) (part.).
Gomphocerus, Thomas, loc. cit. p. 96 (part.).
Eritettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xu. p. 56 (1890) (part.) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. p. 217 (1897).

This is strictly a North-American genus, and it includes species that are very variable
in colour and of rather wide distribution. As the name indicates, the various forms
mature early in spring. Their nymphs live through the winter among bunch-grasses,
and frequently hop about during midwinter when the temperature is sufficiently high
to thaw them out. Old pastures and unburnt prairies are their favourite haunts.
The males are provided with a fairly well-developed stridulating-area near the costal
edge of the tegmina, and they can be heard during the warmer portion of almost any
sunny day during spring, as they call to their mates. Several species have been
recognized and an additional one is here described. The forms likely to occur within
the region here dealt with may be distinguished as follows :—

Table for separating the Species of Eritettix.
A’. Lateral carine of the pronotum straight or very gently arcuate.
6‘. Tegmina and wings complete, reaching to (2) or beyond (4) the

ERITETTIX. D3

tip of the abdomen. Supplemental carine of the pronotum nearly

or quite as prominent as the median . . . - « »- ss [1. virgatus, Scudd. ]
b. Tegmina and wings abbreviated, at least in the female (the male

is not known). Supplemental carinz of the pronotum less con-

spicuous than the median . . «©. «© e+ e + + @ ee ) & brachypterus, sp.n.
A’. Lateral carine of the pronotum moderately arcuate before the middle.
Bb. Antenne clavate . 2. 1 6 ee ee ee ew ee ee LB. navicula, Scudd. |
b?, Antenne acuminate, not clavate . . . . . 2. 6 e «+ + ©) [4 variadilis, Bruner. ]

(1. Kritettix virgatus, Scudd.

Gomphocerus virgatus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvil. pp. 511,512 (1875) +; Bruner, Rep.
U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1888) *. .
Eritettix virgatus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 218, 219, t. 2. figg. 9, 9a, b (1897) *. |

Eritettix vernalis, Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 22 (1898) °.

Hab. Nortsa America, Texas 1~.

While not included in any of the collections coming from Mexico and examined by
me, E. virgatus is almost certain to occur across the border. ]

2. Eritettix brachypterus, sp. n.

A rather smaller species than the average, with the wings of the female (at least) abbreviated, only one-half
the length of the abdomen. Antenne not clavate; the lateral carine of the pronotum but gently arcuate,
the supplemental carine much less conspicuous than in £, virgatus, which it most closely approaches.

Head not prominent, about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum ; vertex scarcely as wide between the
eyes as their smaller diameter, the fastigium short and provided with gently raised borders, the median
carina prominent, as well as the supplemental carine on the occiput; lateral foveole subtriangular, not
very prominent ; frontal costa prominent, especially between the base of the antenne, a little constricted
above and with the sides gently approaching at the ocellus, otherwise broad, evenly expanding below, not
suleate. Antenne with the joints a little flattened, but not at all clavate, somewhat shorter than the
combined length of the head and pronotum. The latter somewhat wider behind than in front; the lateral
carine gently arcuate a little in advance of the middle; supplemental caring much less prominent than
either the median or the lateral, but still quite apparent; oblique carinz of the sides well developed ;
front edge straight, the hind edge above very broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings about one-half as
long as the abdomen, the former acuminate, and with the scapular area near the base considerably
dilated. Hind femora normal, about reaching the tip of the abdomen. Tibia with 11 spines in the outer
row, and with the inner apical claws very unequal in length—a characteristic, however, of all members
of the genus.

General colour of single specimen examined green, varied with white, testaceous, ferruginous, and black.
Lateral and oblique carine of the pronotum white, bordered with black or piceous. Occiput and the disc
of the pronotum between the supplemental caring ferruginous, the remainder of the disc black, the sides
below the oblique carine piceous. Tegmina with a narrow, subcostal, green line, the disc infuscated, the
costal and dorsal fields cinereous. Hind femora greenish-testaceous, the upper edge of their outer face a
little darkened. Hind tibic testaceous, somewhat darker apically. Antenne ferruginous at the base,
a trifle paler and tinged with green apically. Probably variable in colour.

Length of body, 2, 20; of pronotum 3°15, of tegmina 6°75, of hind femora 11 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer).

A single female.

o4 ORTHOPTERA.

[3. Eritettix navicula, Scudd.

Gomphocerus navicula, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng: 1875, pp. 506, 507 (1876)*; Bruner, Rep.
U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1883) *.

Eritettix navicula, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 218-220 (1897).

Hab. Nort AMERica, plains east of the Rocky Mountains !-°.

Being an early spring insect, this locust has escaped most collectors, who generally
visit the region during the summer and autumn. It should also occur on the grassy
plains and tablelands of Northern Mexico. |

[4. Eritettix variabilis, Bruner.

Eritettix variabilis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sci. vi. p. 219 (1897) *.
Opeia obscura, Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 25 (1902) (part.) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Silver City, New Mexico !-,

This species certainly occurs a little farther south across the Mexican border. The
types were collected by Mr. Marsh in May. For some unaccountable reason, Scudder
and Cockerell have mistaken &. variabilis for the very common Opeia obscura, ‘Thomas,

which inhabits the plains-region from the Mexican boundary to the Saskatchewan
River. |

[EUPEDETES, Scudder.
Eupedetes, Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. pp. 24, 25 (1902).

This is another genus which has been characterized since the synopsis of genera
(anted, pp. 26-34) was prepared. As it also occurs in a region well represented by forms

belonging to the fauna of Mexico, I have thought it best to include it herewith as a
footnote *. |

[MESOCHLOA, Scudder.

Eritettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 56 (1890) (part.) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. p. 217 (1897).
Mesochloa, Scudder, Psyche, viii. pp. 234, 239 (1898).

* EUPEDETES, Scudder.

“Of small size, compact, compressed. Head distinctly shorter than pronotum, in no way ascending, briefly
truncate apically, the face considerably oblique; vertex with dorsal and approximate subdorsal rather
coarse carinations. Fastigium extending beyond eyes as far as its basal breadth, apically rectangulate,
but a little truncate; lateral foveole invisible from above, minute, trigonal ; frontal costa narrow, plane,
subequal, but expanding below the ocellus; eyes parallel to front, subelliptical, moderate ; antenne a
little longer than the head and prothorax together, filiform, not slender, scarcely depressed. Pronotum
rather short, nearly uniform, the lateral carine a little incurved in the middle, the median carina accom-
panied by a pair of supplementary median carinz, the front margin truncate, the hind margin broadly
obtusangulate; mesosternal lobes separated by a rather wide space, broader than long. Tegmina and

MESOCHLOA.—SILVITETTIX. 5d

1. Mesochloa abortiva, Bruner.

Eritettix abortivus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 56, 57, t. 1. figg. 8,9*; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 2207.

Mesochloa abortiva, Scudd. Psyche, viii. p. 239°.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas !~3,

While this insect is not represented in any of the collections examined from south of
the Rio Grande, it is exceedingly common in portions of South Central Texas, and no
doubt occurs in similar localities across the line in Mexico. |

SILVITETTIX, gen. nov.*

Of medium size, the wings strongly abbreviated in both sexes. Head and pronotum rugose and coarsely
punctulate. Antenne with the joints a little flattened, in the female about equalling the combined length
of the head and pronotum, in the male as long as or longer than the hind femora. Face strongly oblique ;
vertex well advanced in front of the eyes, the sides slightly rounded and provided with rather high carine,
the disc sulcate, furnished with a median carina which continues over the occiput to the front edge of
the pronotum, this carina generally accompanied from slightly in front of the eyes by well-marked supple-
mentary caring. Pronotum scarcely constricted at the middle, the hind edge slightly widest; median
carina not prominent, but equal throughout, cut back of the middle by the last transverse sulcus ; lateral
carine blunt, strongly approaching in the centre; anterior edge above squarely truncate, the hind margin
subangulate ; sides rather deep, the lower margin sinuate, dropping lowest immediately over the base of
the front legs. Tegmina rather coarsely veined and with the scapular area dilated. Hind femora
moderately robust, in the males greatly surpassing, in the females just about reaching, the tip of the
abdomen. Tibi with 9 or 10 spines in the outer row, and with the inner apical spurs subequal. Valves
of ovipositor rather stout and protruding. The tip of the abdomen of the male blunt; the last ventral
segment short and acuminate; supra-anal plate plain and triangular, a little tumid in the middle near
the base.

wings slightly surpassing the abdomen and surpassed by the hind femora, which are moderately slender
and compressed.”
This genus has much the general aspect of Amphitornus, but has prominent lateral carine on the pronotum
and supplementary carine on the head; the supplementary carine of the pronotum approach the median
carina much more nearly than in Hritettix, from which it differs by its non-clavate antenne.

1. Eupedetes carinatus, Scudd.
Eupedetes carinatus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 25, t. 1. fig. 2°.

“Testaceous, feebly marked with fuscous, beneath flavescent. Head with a broad longitudinal light fuscous
stripe behind upper portion of the eyes, with one or two faint lines behind the eyes below it; antenne
flavo-testaceous ; median carina of vertex heaviest in front and especially in the fastigium, which the
supplementary caring do not enter. Pronotum testaceous, the lateral carine marking the outer limit of
a light fuscous stripe ; supplementary carinz of pronotum less prominent than the median carina ; lateral
lobes with a slightly oblique, fuscous-edged, luteous stripe on the lower part of the metazona. Tegmina
testaceous, flecked with fuscous mesially. Hind femora flavo-testaceous, faintly infuscated above; hind
tibie flavous, with 10-11 black spines on either margin.”

Length of body, ¢, 14°5, of antenne 5: 5, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 10-5, of hind femora 10 millim.

Hab. Norta America, La Trementina, New Mexico (Miss Alice Blake’).
One male. Is this not Eritettix variabilis, Bruner ?

* An addition to the genera characterized in the Synopsis (anted, pp. 26-34).

56 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Silvitettix communis, sp. n.

Varying in colour from dark wood-brown to almost black on the head, pronotum, pleura, and sides of the
abdomen in the male, but in the female frequently varied on the top of the head, pronotum, dorsal edges
of the tegmina, and dorsum of the abdomen with ferruginous, testaceous, or cinereous, paler below.
In some females the entire insect becomes much lighter-coloured. About half of the individuals
of this sex have the upper edges of the lateral lobes of the pronotum black, but this longitudinal
dark streak is in no way regulated by the lateral carinz, since they are crossed both in front and
behind the middle, passing forward on the head as far as the eyes and backward to the lower half of the
tegmina. Hind femora in the female with the inner and outer faces, as well as the apex, obscure, the
upper edge and sometimes the lower sulcus paler, often of a reddish hue; in the male the apex alone
black, the remainder varying in colour from testaceous to brown, with a tinge of red shining through
from inside. Tibi infuscated. Antenne pale basally, infuscated apically. Labial and maxillary palpi
pale yellow or testaceous.

Length of body, ¢ 13, 2 23; of antenne, ¢ 11-13, 2 8; of pronotum, ¢ 3, 2 4°75; of tegmina, ¢ 5-6,
@ 5; of hind femora, ¢ 10, 9 13 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Monte Redondo and Juan Vifias (L. Bruner, WM. A. Carriker, Ir,
M. Cary, and C. F. Underwood), Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker, Jr.).

This short-winged locust is very common in small openings and about the edges of
heavy woods, where it is to be found among the fallen leaves and rank vegetation.
There are evidently two or more generations of it during the year, since large numbers
of the half-grown nymphs occurred along with the mature insects taken late in
February and throughout March. It seems to be rather general in its distribution, as
the localities from which specimens were received range from the eastern slope nearly
to the Pacific, and from near the sea-level to almost or quite 4500 feet above.

OCHROTETTIX, gen. nov.

Head with the occiput quite long; the vertex, which is a little wider than the shortest diameter of the eyes
and projects forward about the same distance, tumid and provided with a well-defined median carina,
this being continued over the back of the head to the front edge of the pronotum, the sides rounded as in
Mermiria, without lateral foveole ; face strongly oblique, the frontal costa quite prominent between the
antenne, narrow, with well-defined bounding carine, continuous to the clypeus, a trifle widened below,
sulcate throughout. Antenne with the basal joints much flattened, decidedly ensiform in 9, scarcely so
in ¢, nearly (2) or quite(d) as long as the hind femora. Eyes of medium size, elongate-pyriform,
oblique. Pronotum almost cylindrical, about as wide in front as behind, the lateral carine wanting or
occupying the place of supplemental discal carinee, which latter are nearly parallel and as distinct as the
median, and continue upon the occiput as faint parallel carine to the eyes; front and hind edges of the
disc broadly rounded or subtruncate, the lower edges of the sides nearly straight; transverse sulci very
obscure, the last decidedly behind the middle. Tegmina abbreviate in both sexes, the apex rounded, in
the female the dorsal edges scarcely touching, but overlapping in the male. Hind femora surpassing the
tip of the abdomen in both sexes, only moderately robust. Hind tibise with 12 or 13 spines in the outer
row, the apical spurs subequal. Sexes very unequal in size.

1. Ochrotettix salinus, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 4,44, 3; 5, 5a, 2.)

The type of the genus, the only species known, has the fastigium of the vertex provided at the sides and front
with a slightly raised blunt carina; the face when seen from the side a little hollowed just above the
ocellus. ‘l'egmina in the female reaching to about the middle of the second abdominal segment, those of
the male a trifle more than half as long as the abdomen. The general colour, apart from a very faintly

7

Or

OCHROTETTIX.—LEUCONOTUS.

darker band on each side of the occiput and following the outer edge of the supplemental carinez to the
hind edge of the pronotum, and, to some extent, on the basal half of the male tegmina, pale ochraceous.
Eyes a trifle darker. Antenne faintly ferruginous. Spines of the hind tibie, and the valves of the
ovipositor of the female, black-tipped.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 32; of antenne, ¢ 13, 9 12:5; of head, § 3°7, 2 5; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 2 6;
of tegmina, ¢ 7, 2 5; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Salina Cruz, Tehuantepec (C. C. Deam).

LEUCONOTUS, gen. nov.*

Body with the sides slightly compressed ; face rather. oblique; .antenne (¢ ) shorter than the hind femora,
with the joints somewhat flattened, but not ensiform. Pronotum very gently expanding behind; the
lateral carinze fully as prominent as the median and very near to it throughout, parallel on the anterior
and but slightly divergent on the posterior lobe; last transverse sulcus considerably behind the middle
and quite profound.

Head large, the occiput on the same plane with the disc of the pronotum; eyes elongate-pyriform, oblique,
separated above by less than their short diameter ; vertex projecting in front of the eyes a little more
than its basal width, acuminate, provided with gently raised borders, a longitudinal median carina, and
short triangular basal foveole which are invisible from above. Face long, when viewed from the side
nearly straight, the frontal costa prominent between the antenne, continuous and sulcate to the clypeus,
the sides diverging gently below the ocellus. Pronotum with the anterior margin very gently rounded,
the hind edge broadly angulate, and the lower lateral edges sinuate as in Ochrotettia. Tegmina abbreviate,
about two-thirds as long as the abdomen, subacuminate, the scapular area not greatly dilated and provided
with few veins. Hind femora robust, reaching considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind
tibie provided with 10 spines in the outer row; the inner apical claws about equal. Apex of abdomen
blunt, the last ventral segment short, acuminate, directed upward; the supra-anal plate plain, triangular,
with a broad shallow sulcus at the base ; cerci rather slender, acuminate.

1. Leuconotus biolleyi, sp. n.

The insect which is the type of the genus is represented by five males, and may be readily recognized by
having the occiput, the disc of the pronotum, and the dorsal edges of the closed tegmina uniformly pale
testaceous. Face, sides of head, body, pronotum, and tegmina brown, heavily mottled with black.
Underside pale, the abdomen above with a ferruginous tinge. Hind femora pale, without definite bands,
but more or less varied with black; the apex and base of the tibie dark, the latter with a pale annulus
near the base. Anterior and middle feet also infuscated. Antenne pale on the basal half, the apex
dark.

Length of body, ¢, 15; of antenne 7, of pronotum 3:5, of tegmina 6°5, of hind femora 10 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Grande 1800 feet (Bruner), San Mateo 800 feet (Biolley).

Four males from the Rio Grande and one from San Mateo. The female is as yet
unknown, but, judging from the structure of allied forms, is apt to be considerably
larger and more robust than the males here described. The species is a winter one,
and seems to be confined to the more arid sections of the western or Pacific slope, where
it frequents the openings and edges of open groves along watercourses.

* An addition to the genera characterized in the Synopsis (anted, pp. 26-34).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. It

58 ORTHOPTERA.

AMPHITORNUS, McNeill.

Stenobothrus, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Mont. p. 465 (1872) ; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer.
p. 83 (1873) (nec Fischer). |
Amphitornus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 223 (1897).
This small genus is confined to the western half of North America, where it is
represented by two recognized species which may be separated as follows :—

A’. Median carina of the pronotum severed decidedly behind the middle . 1. ornatus, McNeill.
A’. Median carina of the pronotum cut by the last transverse sulcus but
little behind the middle . . . 2. 2. 2 ew 1 we ew ee LR. bicolor, Thom.]

1. Amphitornus ornatus, McNeill. (Tab. I. figg. 13, 13 a, 2.)
Amphitornus ornatus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 225’.
Stenobothrus coloradus, Koebele, Bull. no. 22, Div. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric. p. 94 (1890) *.
Hab. NortH America, Western ‘lexas, Southern New Mexico, Arizona, and Cali-
fornia 1 ?,—? Mexico, Durango.

There are no examples of this species before me from Mexico territory, but some
years ago I noticed an insect in numbers in the State of Durango which appeared to
belong to it. Unfortunately none were taken at the time.

A. bicolor, Thomas, is more northern in its distribution.

OPEIA, McNeill.
Opeia, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 214 (1897).

This is another strictly American genus that seems to be restricted to the arid and
semiarid regions of the tablelands of Mexico and the south-western portions of the
United States. While the collections at hand indicate rather numerous forms, but two
of them appear to occur beyond the Mexican border within the United States. One of
these, O. testacea, Scudder, is rather local in its distribution, and, so far as recorded, is
confined to the southern half of California. The other, O. odscura, Thomas, is distri-
buted over the plains from the Rio Grande in the south to the Saskatchewan in the
north, and is partial to certain low-growing grasses. ‘The Mexican forms are mostly
short-winged, and with a single exception appear to be slightly more robust than the
two Just mentioned.

There is little doubt that some close collecting at various points in the plateau-
regions of Mexico would bring to light several additional species. The known forms,
along with those now described, may be distinguished as follows :—

Table for separating the Species of Opeia.

A’, Tegmina fully developed, reaching at least the tip of the abdomen, their
apices rounded.

6’. General colour darker in the female, sometimes green, varied and

OPEIA. 59,

streaked with brown and black. Discal field of tegmina furnished

with a row of dark brown or black spots . . . . . . . . . [1]. obscura, Thom.]
6’. General colour uniformly light testaceous. Discal field of tegmina
concolorous.

c’. Lateral carine of the pronotum gently approaching in front, the
last transverse sulcus scarcely visible. . . . . . . . . . 98. pallida, sp. n.
c’. Lateral carine of the pronotum parallel, the last transverse sulcus
distinct 2. 1 1 ew ww ee we ee ee ee
A’, Tegmina abbreviated, seldom more than half the length of the abdomen
in the female, a trifle longer in the male, generally acuminate.

6’. More slender. The pronotum about as wide in front as behind.
Median carina of vertex prominent even on occiput. Tegmina often
with much green a

&*. More robust. The pronotum slightly broadest behind. Median
carina of vertex disappearing on the occiput.

c’. Smaller. Less varied with dark and light stripes. Tegmina touch-
ing or overlapping above.

a’, Lateral carinz of the pronotum gently sinuate, the anterior lobe
constricted both at the sides and at a little behind the anterior
margin above. Tegmina of the female just touching above . 5. mexicana, sp. n.

ad’. Lateral carine of the pronotum straight, the anterior lobe not
constricted. 'Tegmina of the female slightly overlapping above. 6. palmeri, sp. n.
c*, Larger. Much varied with dark and light stripes. Tegmina not
quite touching above

[4. testacea, Scudd.]

2. imperfecta, sp. n.

. . 7. lineata, sp. n.

[1. Opeia obscura, Thomas.

Oxycoryphus obscurus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Mont. p. 446 (1871) '; Syn. Acrid. N. Amer.
p. 73 (1878) °.

Opeia obscura, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 215, 216, t. 2. figg. 7, 7 a, 6, c (1897) °;
Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 45 (1899) *.

Hab. Norta America! , Plains-regions of the Saskatchewan River, Texas, New
Mexico, Arizona.

By far the most widely distributed species of the genus. Although not represented
in the collections coming from south of the Mexican boundary, it is known to occur
abundantly in the adjacent regions to the north, and it is quite probable, therefore,
that it inhabits portions of Northern Mexico as well.]

2. Opeia imperfecta, sp. n.

Very similar in size, colour, and general appearance to O. obscura, but with abbreviated tegmina and wings.
It also differs from that insect in its somewhat more slender form, slightly longer pronotum, the
more advanced vertex, and rather strongly sloping face. The frontal costa is a little wider above the
ocellus in O. imperfecta than in O. obscura, and has its walls sharper and more nearly parallel. The
pronotum of the female has its lateral carine nearly or quite as widely separated in front as behind, while
in this sex of O. obscura they perceptibly converge anteriorly. The tegmina and wings of O. imperfecta

Ii 2

60 ORTHOPTERA.

are about one-half (9) or nearly three-fourths (¢) as long as the abdomen, their apices pointed or
acuminate, and are provided in the discal field with a row of more or less blended fuscous blotches. The
general colour varies from pale grass-green to brownish-testaceous above, banded on the sides of the
head and pronotum with darker. Sides of the head behind the middle of the eyes marked by a narrow
white streak. The lateral carine of pronotum also pale. Hind femora with the upper portion of the
outer disc, and the tips of the hind tibiz, somewhat infuscated. Lower side dirty or yellowish white.
Length of body, ¢ 13°5, 9 22; of pronotum, ¢ 2°5, 9 4; of tegmina, ¢ 6, 2 8; of hind femora, ¢ 8°75,
© 12°5 millim.
Hab. Nortu America, South-west Texas (Schaupp).—MExico, Jimulco and Comancho
in Zacatecas (Bruner).

Found in Mexico in November.

8. Opeia pallida, sp. n.

Most closely related to O. testacea, Scudder, from which it differs in its somewhat larger size and more robust
form, the shorter and broader vertex, the less pointed eyes, prominent frontal costa, and oblique face, and
in having the lateral carine of the pronotum somewhat converging in front, instead of parallel as in that
insect.

The colour of the two forms is very similar, both being pale testaceous, with only faint indications of the
characteristic light and dark streaks.

Length of body, 9, 26; of pronotum 4, of tegmina 16, of hind femora 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez in Coahuila (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).

A single male. ‘This may be only a variety of O. testacea, but coming from the
eastern or Atlantic slope, and differing in the various points of structure mentioned
above, I have thought best to treat it as distinct. Both these insects undoubtedly
frequent alkali or desert-like localities, if we are to judge by their uniformly pale
colour.

[4. Opeia testacea, Scudder.
Opeia testacea, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 46 (1899)'; Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sci. viii. p. 22 (1900) .
Hab. Nortu America, Southern half of California ! 2 (colls. Bruner, Morse, and
Scudder). |

5. Opeia mexicana, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 15, 15a, 2.)

Very similar to, if not the same as, the following species, but differing from it in its rather darker colour,
the more rounded and somewhat channelled vertex just behind the fastigium, the slightly undulate lateral
carine of the pronotum, and the narrower tegmina, which in the present insect scarcely touch at their
dorsal edges.

Length of body, 9, 23; of pronotum 4°25, of tegmina 6, of hind femora 13°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tlalpam, near city of Mexico (coll. Bruner).

A single female.

OPEIA. . 61

6. Opeia palmeri, sp. n.

A brachypterous, moderately robust species, in which the prevailing colour is brownish-testaceous, varied by
lon gitudinal brown bands.

Head very slightly broader than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput on the same plane as the disc of
the latter ; eyes not at all prominent, a little longer than (¢), or about equal to ( ? ), the length of the
portion of the cheeks below them ; vertex provided with a gently raised border and a well-defined median
carina, the lateral edges scarcely foveolate, and meeting at the fastigium in a right angle in the female or
in an obtuse angle in the male. Antenne with the basal joints considerably flattened in both sexes, but
scarcely ensiform even in the female, as long as the head and pronotum together in the male, about
reaching the last transverse sulcus in the female. Frontal costa of medium width and gradually broad-
ening below, sulcate in the male, nearly plane in the female. Face when viewed from the side not very
oblique, less so than in O. obscura and O. testacea. Pronotum a little wider behind than in front, the
lateral carinsze evenly converging in the female, parallel from the principal sulcus in the male, but
divergent on the posterior lobe. Tegmina about half as long as the abdomen, acuminate, and with their
dorsal edges slightly overlapping. Hind femora broad on the basal two-thirds, slender beyond ; tibie
with 10 spines on the outer row.

Sides of the head and the upper half of the sides of the pronotum provided with a gradually broadening brown
band. Disc of the tegmina with a row of small quadrate dusky dots. Upper edge of the outer face of
the hind femora also dark. In the single female specimen at hand the median carina of the pronotum
and a narrow median line on the occiput to the fastigium are dark brown. Tips of the antenne and feet
a little darker than the general colour.

Length of body, g 15, 2 20; of pronotum, ¢ 3, 2 4; of tegmina, ¢ 6, 2 7; of hind femora, ¢ 10,
2 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de San Miguelito (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).

One male and one female.

7. Opeia lineata, sp. n.

Large and robust for the genus to which it belongs; much varied with light and dark lines. The tegmina
greatly abbreviated and with the dorsal edges not touching.

Head moderately large, about as wide as the front edge of, and nearly as long as, the pronotum ; the occiput
smooth, evenly rounded; vertex about as wide as the shortest diameter of the eyes, roundly depressed,
the antero-lateral carine blunt, with the surface just inside gently sulcate, furnished with a blunt longi-
tudinal median carina, which becomes nearly obliterated about midway to the front edge of the pronotum.
Face only gently oblique, the frontal carina broad, shallow, sulcate, evenly expanding downward, reaching
the clypeus, its lateral walls coarse. Eyes subpyriform, about as long as the portion of the cheeks below
them, not prominent. Antenne acuminate, short. Pronotum slightly widest behind, gently compressed
at the middle, the lateral carine gradually approaching anteriorly, the transverse sulci dim, the last cutting
all three caring, situated about one-third the distance from the hind edge, the latter scarcely angulate.
Tegmina short, acuminate, reaching the apex of the third abdominal segment, their dorsal edges not
attingent. Hind femora rather robust, as long as the abdomen.

The general colour of the single specimen at hand is light testaceous, much varied with dusky streaks.
Occiput provided with a broad, median, longitudinal light band that extends from the fastigium to the
posterior edge of the pronotum, bounded on either side by one of black, the latter about one-half the
width of the former. Lateral carine of the pronotum light-coloured and continued on the head as a
narrow testaceous stripe to the posterior edge of the eyes; below this there is a narrow black line,
followed by a rather broad infuscated area, then a light one, and again a second dusky one. Lower edge
of the pronotum and cheeks broadly testaceous. Lateral facial carine light-coloured, bordered very
narrowly with black. Sides of the pronotum just behind the last sulcus and midway from the top to
the bottom provided with a short, raised, smooth, white ridge. There is also a narrow, black-bordered,
dirty-white line on each side of the head behind the middle of the eyes. Pleura streaked with light and

62 ORTHOPTERA.

dark. The tegmina have the costal area green, the disc fuliginous, with the dorsal angle pale, followed
above by dusky. Abdomen longitudinally streaked with dark and light. Hind femora with the upper
half of the outer disc dark, the lower half light; the upper and lower edges, except the carinse which are
more or less brownish, light; the knees infuscated. Tibie and tarsi more or less dusky.

Length of body, 9, 27; of pronotum 4:60, of tegmina 7, of hind femora 14 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Sierra de San Miguelito (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).

A single female.

AMBLYTROPIDIA, Stal.
Amblytropidia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 107 (1873).

The insects which fall into this genus, as limited by Stal, nearly all belong to Middle
America, and, judging from the forms now before the writer, are quite numerous.
With but few exceptions, their prevailing colour is some shade of brown, incon-
spicuously varied with darker or lighter streaks or mottlings. Their habits are similar
to those of the members of the genera Orphula, Orphulella, &c., hence the various
species may be sought for in grassy localities along streams and at the edges of groves
or woodlands. Although not rare, none of the forms seem to be sufficiently abundant
to cause damage to vegetation. ‘They may be recognized in part by the following
analytical table :—

Table for separating the Species of Amblytropidia.

A’. Median carina of vertex quite prominent. Last transverse sulcus
of the pronotum situated plainly behind the middle.

5’. Robust, for the most part pale-coloured. Tegmina of the
female not surpassing the tip of the abdomen, the latter con-
colorous above.

c'. Antenne of the female (those of the male always more elon-
gate) a trifle longer than the head and pronotum united.
Tegmina provided with fuscous spots.

ad’. Smaller. [Brazil, Panama?] ........ . . {l. ferruginosa, Stal. }
d’, Larger. Hind tibiz with 13 spines in the outer row. .
[Vera Paz and ?H. Mexico.] . . . .... . 2 magna, sp. n.

c’. Antenne of the female considerably shorter than the head
and pronotum united. Tegmina variable in colour.

d’. Tegmina pale testaceous, without fuscous spots or longi-

tudinal pale stripes. Knees of the male at least dark--
coloured. [Argentina]. . . . . . . . . . « {B. australis, Bruner. ]

ad’, Tegmina mottled, or with both fuscous spots and longi-

tudinal pale stripes, often with much green. ([Brazil,
Paraguay.]. . . . . woe ee ew ew .) [4e vittata, Giglio-Tos.]

6°’. More slender, rather dark- coloured. Tegmina of the female

_ surpassing the tip of the abdomen. Abdomen of the male,
at least, bright ferruginous or orange.

$

AMBLYTROPIDIA. 63

c’. Colour uniform dusky brown, the female with: distinctly
flecked tegmina.
_@. Hind tibiz 12-13-spined in the outer row. [British
Guiana and Trinidad] . 2. 2... 1 1... . OB. trinitatis, sp. n.]
da’, Hind tibiz 15-16-spined in the outer row. [West coast of
Central Mexico.] . . re
ce’. Colour dark olive-brown in the male. Hind tibie 11-12-
spined in the outer row. [E. Mexico.] . . . . . . . 6. auriventris, Bruner.
A’. Median carine of the vertex less prominent. Last transverse
sulcus of the pronotum situated about the middle.
6'. Hind tibiz provided with 15-19 spines in the outer row.
c’. Rather robust. Colour variable. [Nicaragua and Costa
Rica} . 6 1 1. we ew ee ee ee we ww «7%, COstaricensis, sp. n.
c’, More slender. The colour rather uniform.
dad‘, Anterior portion of the disc of the pronotum narrower than
the hind portion ; lateral carinz in the male concolorous,
the disc and sides not infuscated. [Mexico.] . . . . 8. mysteca, Sauss.
d’, Anterior portion of the disc of the pronotum about equal
in its width to the hind portion; lateral carine in the
male pale, the disc and sides infuscated. [Mexico.] . . 9. ingenita, sp. n.
6’. Hind tibie provided with but 14 spines in the outer row.
[Eastern United States southward] . . . . . . . . . ([11. occidentalis, Sauss.]

10. elongata, sp. n.

(1. Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Stal.
Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 107 (1878) ’.

Hab. Braz}.

Not recognized by me. Various writers have reported this insect from localities
other than that from which Stal’s type came, in some instances, without doubt, incor-
rectly: Giglio-Tos (Bollet. Mus. Zool. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 13, and xii. no. 302, p. 25)
credits it to Argentina, where A. australis, Bruner, occurs and seems likely to be the
insect referred to, and also (op. cit. no. 301, p. 2) to ‘“ Punta de Sabana, Colon, and
‘Tin-tin,” on the Isthmus of Panama, and mentions differences that exist in the size
and structure of the specimens which he has examined. Perhaps this last reference
refers to still another species in addition to those tabulated above ?]

2. Amblytropidia magna, sp. n.

Large, robust, the general colour almost uniform rusty-brown, the costal area of the tegmina a trifle darker
and with a few scattered pale fuscous dots. Tegmina rather broad, the basal portion of their discal field
thickly veined, but without any indication of an intercalary vein as is found in most of the other species
of the genus. Head large, the occiput somewhat ascending above the plane of the pronotum; antenne a
trifle longer than the head and pronotum together; the median carina of the vertex prominent and
continuous over the occiput almost to the front edge of the pronotum. The pronotum with the disc flat,

64 ORTHOPTERA.

a trifle narrowed in front, the last transverse sulcus a little behind the middle. Hind femora as long as
the tegmina, which reach the tip of the abdomen, moderately robust at the base.
Length of body, 2, 36; of antenne 12, of pronotum 7, of tegmina 27, of hind femora 24 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde); Guatemaua, Panzos in
Vera Paz (Conradt).

A female from Panzos, and a male from Medellin.

This insect is considerably larger than any other representative of the genus
that has thus far come into my hands. The absence of all indications of an
intercalary vein on the tegmina, as well as its robust build, readily separates it
from all the other known forms. The female described, selected as the type, shows
signs of having been in spirits, but this has not greatly modified its structure nor
changed its colour.

The male from Medellin, on account of its size and the number of spines in the
outer row of the hind tibie (13), may belong here. It is of a uniform pale brown
colour, inclining to olive on the head, pronotum, and pleura. The antenne are as
long as in A. auriventris and A. trinitatis, and the hind femora, together with the
base of the tibiee, are dark. The abdomen, however, lacks the orange or ferruginous
tinge to be found in both those species, being, instead, uniformly pale. Its length
is 25°5, antenne 13, tegmina 17, and hind femora 15 millim.

(3. Amblytropidia australis, Bruner.
Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Giglio-Tos, Bollet. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, ix.
no. 184, p. 13 (Sept. 1894)’; op. cit. xii, no. 802, p. 25 (Aug. 1897) (nec Stal) *.
Amblytropidia australis, Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, p. 32 (1900) *.

Hab. ARGENTINA !-3,

This species occurs in Argentina along the Rio Parana to its mouth; also northward
and westward to the Bolivian frontier, if we accept Professor Giglio-Tos’s identification
as recorded above. |

(4. Amblytropidia vittata, Giglio-Tos.
Amblytropidia vittata, Giglio-Tos, Bollet. Mus. Zool. ed Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, ix. no. 184,
p. 13 (1894) *.
Hab. Brazit; Paraguay }.

A. vittata occurs at Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as in Paraguay, several specimens
from the former locality having been received by me. Both this and the preceding
species can be recognized by their unusually short antenne, as well as by the generally
pale testaceous colour, more or less relieved by green, dark brown, or black streaks on
the head, pronotum, and tegmina. Other characteristics which distinguish them are
mentioned in the synoptic table. |

AMBLYTROPIDIA. 65

(5. Amblytropidia trinitatis, sp. n.

Apparently closely related to A. auriventris, Bruner, from which it differs in its darker colour, the greater.
number of spines in the outer row of the hind tibie, the somewhat slenderer antenne, the larger head,
more ascending occiput, and the more prominent and profoundly sulcate frontal costa, There is also a
great discrepancy in the size of the two sexes in the present species, but whether this characteristic is
also true of A. auriventris is not known to me, since only the male of it has thus far been seen.

Head large, occiput somewhat bulging and slightly ascending above the plane of the pronotum; eyes large,
prominent, considerably longer than the infra-ocular portion of the cheeks; ‘vertex nearly (3) or
quite () as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the eyes, anterior lateral margins and median
carina prominent, the latter continuing backwards over the occiput to the front edge of the pronotum.
The pronotum rather short, flat above, a trifle narrowed in front, and with the surface much as in
A. auriventris; last transverse sulcus situated plainly behind the middle. Tegmina also as in that
species. Hind femora moderately robust; hind tibie with 12 or 13 spines in the outer row.

General colour dark ferruginous-brown, the tegmina of the female decidedly and profusely mottled with
darker markings. The male with indications of a paler streak on the occiput and pronotum; also
with blackened, reddish-testaceous hind femora, some specimens showing decided dusky bands along the
upper edge of their outer face ; tibie black at the base and infuscated apically. Abdomen above and on
the last three segments below bright ferruginous, almost orange. Antenne black. In the female there
is a faint trace of dusky bands along the upper margins of the sides of the pronotum; and in some
specimens the disc, along with the dorsal portion of the tegmina, is paler than the general coloration of
the insect.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 30; of antenna, ¢ & 2,9; of pronotum, ¢ 3:5, 9 6; of tegmina, f 13, 9 21;
of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9? 18 millim.

Hab. Brivmish Guiana, Demerara (Crew); TRINIDAD (Chipman).

Seven males and three females from Trinidad, found between December and March,

and four males and one female from Demerara. |

6. Amblytropidia auriventris, McNeill.
Amblytropidia auriventris (Bruner MSS.), McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 227

(1896) °.
Amblytropidia mysteca, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 9 (1902) (part.) *.

Rather below the medium size, but, nevertheless, moderately robust in stature; with unusually long and
heavy antenne. Dark olive-brown, with the lower sulcus of the hind femora and the dorsal half of the
abdomen orange-red, the latter somewhat the brighter. Superficially resembling the male of A. ingenita,
which is here described, but readily separated from that species by the characters given in the table.

Head of medium size; the eyes large and bulging, considerably longer than the cheek below them; vertex
about one-half as broad as the greatest diameter of the eyes, with prominent median carina and bounding
walls; face tairly oblique, a little rounded when viewed from the side, the frontal costa prominent, of
nearly equal width throughout, and profoundly sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus, above provided with
a median carina, which extends to below the insertion of the antennz. Pronotum rather short, the disc
with the sides subparallel ; median carina fairly prominent, cut by the last transverse sulcus distinctly
behind the middle; lateral carine distinct, but not prominent; posterior lobe closely and coarsely
punctulate, the disc both in front and behind provided on each side with two or three rather coarse,
short, longitudinal wrinkles. Tegmina of medium width, coarsely but not profusely reticulate on the
basal portion, with indications of an intercalary vein, the costal edge broadly rounded. Hind femora
long, robust, extending considerably beyond the tips of the closed tegmina. Hind tibie with but

11 or 12 spines in the outer row.

Besides the general colour as given above, this insect is provided with a light band on each side of the vertex

and occiput, which is more or less plainly continued upon the disc of the pronotum just inside the lateral

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1904. Kx

66 ORTHOPTERA.

carine. The hind femora are also lighter coloured than the remainder of the body, and with dusky dots
along the upper carine. Antenne pale olive at the base, but becoming almost black apically.

Length of body, ¢, 17°5; of antenne 11, of pronotum 3:5, of tegmina 13-14, of hind femora 12:25
millim.

ffab. Mexico, Atoyac and Orizaba in Vera Cruz (Bruner).

Several males, taken by myself during late November and December at the margins
of woods, McNeill did not describe this species, but only indicated its relationship
with A. occidentalis, Sauss., by means of a short table.

7. Amblytropidia costaricensis, sp. n.
? Amblytropidia ferruginosa, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, iii. p. 64, t. 3 (1895).

A medium-sized, robust insect, of variable colour, in which the antenne are quite short in both sexes, and
the tegmina may be either quite destitute of or thickly marked with fuscous dots.

Head of medium size, no wider than the pronotum, the face not greatly oblique ; eyes rather large; vertex
broad, short, rounded, scarcely sulcate anteriorly, the bounding walls blunt, but not bulging, the median
carina inconspicuous, but visible to the front edge of the pronotum in most specimens ; frontal costa very
broad, of equal width throughout, prominent above, less so below, scarcely suleate even at the ocellus,
but provided with coarse punctures for about two-thirds its length. Pronotum short, broad, the disc
very slightly narrowed in front; median carina coarse and equally prominent throughout, cut by the
last transverse sulcus about the middle; sulci inconspicuous; hind margin of the disc decidedly, but
obtusely angulate, the angle not rounded. Tegmina of moderate width, feebly and sparsely reticulate,
with a partially developed intercalary vein, reaching beyond the apex of the abdomen, and, in most
specimens, a trifle surpassing the tips of the hind femora. The latter flattened but quite broad at the
base, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen in both sexes; hind tibia provided with 15-18 or 19
spines in the outer row.

General colour of the face, the lower portion of the sides, the upper edges of the hind femora, and below,
usually pale testaceous, but sometimes dull ferruginous, in dark specimens being uniformly of that
colour, save that the tegmina, thorax, and hind femora are more or less marked with fuscous and black
dots of different sizes. The lighter-coloured individuals may have the entire top of the head, the
pronotum, and the tegmina above the costal area uniformly pale testaceous, or cinereous, varied with
blotches and streaks of brown or dull black, or they may even have all of this portion black. In most
of these colour-variations there is a decided dusky line extending backward from the middle of the eye
along the upper edge of the sides of pronotum and continued on the costal area of the tegmina nearly to
their apices. The upper edges of the outer and inner discs of the hind femora are usually also infuscated,
the latter more deeply so and crossed by two narrow oblique light fascie ; tibie infuscated apically.

Length of body, ¢ 19, 2 27-28; of antennae, ¢ 6, 9 5; of pronotum, d 4, 2 5'5; of tegmina, ¢ 17,
Q 22-23; of hind femora, ¢ 13°5, 9 18 millim.

Hab. Nicaragua, Greytown (Shimek); Costa Rica, San José (Biolley, Underwood).

The specimens from Greytown are slightly larger than the others and have from
16—19 spines in the outer row of the hind tibie (instead of 15-18), but otherwise do
not differ greatly from the Costa Rican insects.

8. Amblytropidia mysteca, Sauss. (Tab. I. figg. 14, 14a, 2.)

Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) mystecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p- 817'; Orthopt. Nova
Amer, ii. p. 20 (1861) *.

AMBLYTROPIDIA. 67

Stenobothrus mystecus, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 755, 756 (1870) °; Thomas,
Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 205 (1873) *.
Amblytropidia mysteca, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 9 (1902) °.

Hab. Mexico 173, Presidio in Sinaloa (Forrer: 2), Cocula (Barrett: 9), Orizaba
(HZ. H. Smith & Godman: 3 2), San Rafael in Vera Cruz (Townsend: ¢ @ ).

Owing to the great similarity in the general appearance of several of the species
belonging to this genus, there is no doubt but that more or less confusion exists in
their synonymy. Saussure’s type, a female, is before me as I write. It may be
recognized by the characters mentioned in the synoptic table of species which is given
above. ‘There are also specimens of this locust in the collection of the U.S. National
Museum.

9. Amblytropidia ingenita, sp. n.

Rather closely related to A. mysteca, Sauss., but differing from it in a number of details, such as the com-
parative number of spines in the outer row on the hind tibie, the structure of the occiput, pronotum, and
hind femora, and in the general coloration, wing-length, habitat, &c.

Of medium size. The head a trifle broader than the front edge of the pronotum; vertex about as wide as the
shortest diameter of one of the eyes, short, rounded, the lateral edges and carina not prominent, but
the latter extending back over the much roughened occiput to the front edge of the pronotum ; face,
when viewed from the side, rounded, not greatly receding ; frontal costa very wide, a little narrowed
above, scarcely sulcate, but provided with a row of punctures along each side, the bounding walls blunt.
Antenne, even in the male, not reaching the apex of the pronotum. The latter short; the disc flat and
of equal width throughout, the median carina not much more prominent than the lateral, cut in the
middle by the last transverse sulcus ; anterior edge broadly rounded, the posterior edge angled. Tegmina
straight, of medium width, the transverse veinlets weak, not very numerous on the basal portion ;
intercalary vein present in the distal portion of the area, prominent. Hind femora broader than usual
on the basal half where the upper and lower carinw are conspicuously developed, quite slender apically ;
the tibie 15-spined in the outer row.

General colour brownish-cinereous, profusely streaked and mottled with plain brown and black. Sides of
the head back of the eyes, the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the upper portion of the
pleura, and the three basal segments of the abdomen, along with the costal area of the tegmina,
generally dusky. In the male (always) and the female (sometimes) there is present a narrow testaceous
band, reaching from the front edge of each eye above across the occiput to the pronotum, where it
continues just inside the lateral carinw and passes to the angle of the closed tegmina, which it follows
for some distance. Abdomen, apart from the lateral dusky patches on the basal segments, pale, in the
male more or less decidedly tinged above with orange. Hind femora testaceous, varied on the upper
portion of the inner and outer discs by the presence of a dusky patch. Hind tibie apically, together
with all the tarsi, infuscated.

Length of body, ¢ 18-19, 9 24; of antenne, ¢ 6, 9 6; of pronotum, ¢ 35, Q 4:75; of tegmina,

3 14-16, 2 19-5; of hind femora, ¢ 18, 2 15°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (Bruner: ¢), Chilpancingo in Guerrero 4600 feet (H. H.
Smith: 3 2), Cuernavaca in Morelos (H. H. Smith, Barrett: 3 2).

While the present species has been taken at Orizaba, its range seems to be more
southerly and preferably in regions drained towards the Pacific, in this latter district
almost or entirely replacing A. mysteca, which is nearly restricted to the Atlantic
slope. ‘The insect has been met with in the months of May, June, and December.

| Kx 2

68 ORTHOPTERA.

10. Amblytropidia elongata, sp. x.

Of large size, but moderately slender, with long hind legs. General colour almost uniformly dark brown, but
with a few dusky spots sprinkled over the disc and dorsal portions of the tegmina. Antenne of the
female reaching to about the last transverse sulcus of the pronotum, which is situated considerably
beyond the middle. Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, rather coarsely punctate and
otherwise roughened; the occiput scarcely, or not at all, ascending, fully three-fourths as long as the
pronotum, furnished with a strong median carina which reaches nearly to the front edge of the latter ;
face strongly oblique, the frontal costa wide and provided with heavy lateral carine, rather broadly and
deeply sulcate at the ocellus, punctate at the sides above. Pronotum with the disc gently tectate, of
medium width, the lateral carine straight and gently converging in front ; the disc of the hind lobe and
the anterior edge of the front lobe provided with rather coarse, elongate, wavy ridges. Tegmina rather
narrow, slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen, not very profusely veined on the basal half and
provided with a fairly well-defined intercalary vein. Hind femora long and slender, reaching the tip of
the closed tegmina ; and, owing to the head being longer than usual, apparently arising nearer the middle
of the body than in other species of the genus. Hind tibise provided with 15 or 16 spines in the outer

row.
Length of body, 2, 34; of antenne 8, of occiput 5, of pronotum 6°25, of tegmina 24, of hind femora

20 millim.
Hab. W. Mexico, Tepic in Jalisco (coll. California Acad. of Sciences).

A single female specimen.

[11. Amblytropidia occidentalis, Sauss.

Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) occidentalis, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 317'; Orthopt.
Nova Amer. ii. p. 20 (1861) *.

Stenobothrus occidentalis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 755, 756 (1870) °; Thomas,
Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 92 (1873)*; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56
(1883) *.

Amblytropidia occidentalis, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 226, 227, t. 3. figg. 18,
13 a, b (1897) °; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. pp. 22, 23 (1900) ’.

Amblytropidia subhyalina, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 511 (1875)*; Ent. Notes, iv.
p. 85 (1875) °; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 58°.

Chloéaltis (Amblytropidia) subhyalina, Prov. Faun. Ent. Can. ii. p. 44 (1877) ”.

Hab. Nortn America !—!1, South-eastern United States.

The only records of this insect which we have are from localities to the north and
east of the Mexican boundary, although Saussure says (én litt.) that A. mysteca=
A. occidentalis. It has several times been reported from Texas, but most frequently
from the south-eastern portions of the United States. |

THYRIPTILON, gen. nov.

A genus including moderate or medium-sized insects, with rather long subensiform antennw and obliquely
truncate tegmina ; and with a compressed pronotum, the lateral carine of which are nearly parallel on
the anterior but strongly divergent on the posterior lobe.

Head of the same width as the front edge of the pronotum, rather high, the occiput somewhat ascending even
to the extreme fastigium, the sides of the vertex straight, high, and meeting in front at much less than a
right angle, even in the female, sulcation quite deep and without median longitudinal carina, lateral

THYRIPTILON.—SISANTUM. 69.

foveole subobsolete. Eyes prominent, bulging, not much pointed above, and considerably shorter than
that portion of the cheeks below them. Antennz with the basal joints flattened and subensiform, about
as long as ( 9 ), or considerably longer than (3), the combined length of the head and pronotum. Face
very oblique, long and straight when viewed from the side. Pronotum short, somewhat compressed, the
sides higher than long, the lower edges on the anterior half obliquely truncate ; lateral carine parallel
or nearly so on the anterior lobe, greatly divergent on the posterior ; last transverse sulcus profound and
situated distinctly behind the middle; anterior margin of the disc somewhat rounded, the posterior
broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings complete, extending a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, even
in the female; the former with the apex obliquely truncate, the costal or scapular edge somewhat dilated
in both sexes, and without any traces of an intercalary vein. Wings provided on the costal area with a
series of large, quadrate, window-like cells, that shine like highly polished glass, hence the name
“ Thyriptilon.” Hind femora heavy on the basal half, slender apically, as long as ( ¢ ) or longer (3)
than the abdomen. Hind tibie provided with 11-13 spines in the outer row.

1. Thyriptilon vitripenne, sp. n.

Uniformly dull brown, with indications of a darker streak along the upper edges of the sides of the pronotum,
and sometimes with the tegmina evenly and rather profusely flecked with darker brown dots. Wings
highly polished, very slightly tinged with yellow and becoming faintly clouded at the apex; the anterior
border, especially in advance of the series of large quadrate cells, thickened and dark-eoloured—possibly
a stridulating device. Hind femora with the lower portion of the inner face on the basal half and lower
outer edge black.

Length of body, ¢ 17-18, 9 28-30; of antennez, ¢ 9, 9 8; of pronotum, ¢ 3°7, 9 4:85-5:15; of tegmina,

g 18, 9 23-24; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 2 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).

Fourteen males and six females.

SISANTUM, gen. nov.

Having the general appearance of both Orphulella and Thyriptilon, but differing considerably from each in
a number of details.

Occiput ascending, eyes a trifle prominent, broadly oval, about as long as the portion of the cheeks below them,
the vertex gently depressed in front, sides of the fastigium straight, meeting in a right angle (9 ) or less
(3), and followed internally by a rather deep groove; lateral foveole discernible as elongate depressions,
slightly broadest next to the eyes; frontal costa percurrent. Antenne filiform, rather longer than the
head and pronotum combined. Pronotum gently expanding posteriorly, the lateral carinz less prominent
than the median but of equal prominence throughout, more or less divergent, especially on the metazona ;
prozona and metazona of about equal length, the lateral lobes deeper than long. Tegmina usually broadly
rounded at the apex, but sometimes showing some indication of being obliquely truncate above ; rather
broad, and membranous to a greater extent than usual on the apical half or two-thirds. Wings hyaline,
with their anterior edge re-enforced and provided with the usual large regular cells just behind the costa.
Hind femora heavy basally, slender apically ; the tibiee provided with 13 spines in the outer row.

1. Sisantum notochloris, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 11, 11a, 2.)

This insect, which is the type of the genus, is characterized by having the top of the head, the disc of the
pronotum, and the dorsal field of the tegmina uniformly grass-green. At first glance, save for its
somewhat smaller size and filiform antenna, it might be mistaken for the male of Truwxalis brevicornis
(Linn.).

Head about as wide as (<), or a little wider than ( 9 ), the front edge of the pronotum ; vertex between the
eyes about two-thirds ( ¢) or three-fourths ( 9 ) as broad as their shortest diameter, projecting anteriorly
for a distance about equal to or slightly less than its width posteriorly. Frontal costa rather broad,

70 ORTHOPTERA.

prominent and sulcate throughout, the sides diverging from a point a little below the ocellus to the
clypeus. Face when viewed from the side moderately oblique, straight. Pronotum with the lateral
caring nearly parallel on the front, and considerably diverging on the hind, lobe, the last transverse
sulcus profound, situated about the middle, cutting all three carinew ; front edge straight, the hind edge
broadly angulate. Tegmina and wings extending beyond the tip of both the abdomen and hind femora
in the two sexes ; upper portion of the discal field of the tegmina provided with regular transverse veins
which form rather large cells ; the area just beneath irregularly veined, but in some specimens showing
a tendency towards the formation of an obscure intercalary vein.

Green above, but with the sides of the head, the pronotum, a portion of the pleura, and the tegmina, except
the dorsal area, brown or brownish, the latter with indications of scattered dots of a still darker shade.
Lateral carinee of the pronotum on the anterior lobe bordered with a line of black, which crosses over to
the dorsal area on the hind lobe, thus maintaining the uniform width of the dorsal green stripe. Hind
femora greenish-testaceous, becoming slightly darker apically ; tibia brownish testaceous, Lower side
pale yellowish.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 26; of antenne, 5 10, 2 9; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 9 5; of tegmina, ¢ 17, 2 21°55;
of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde).

Five males and two females, captured in the month of September.

CORDILLACRIS, Rehn *

Stenobothrus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 80 (1873) (part.).

Oxycoryphus, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 251 (1876).

? Ochrilidia, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 52 (1890).

Alpha, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893); McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi.
pp. 245, 246 (1897) ; Scudder, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 23 (1900) ; Scudd. & CkIl.
op. cit. ix. p. 26 (1902).

Cordillacris, Rehn, Canad. Ent. xxxii. p. 271 (1901).

This is another Truxaline genus characteristic of the arid and semiarid regions of
the Rocky Mountains and southward. While the collections before me lack repre-
sentatives of this group, it is known that at least one, and possibly the two other
described species occur in Mexican territory.

Table for separating the Species of Cordillacris.
A‘. Larger. Median carina of the pronotum cut much behind the
middle. Disc of the tegmina provided with rather small dark spots.
6’. Posterior tibie in part red orreddish . . . . . ..... 2, occipitalis, Thom.
b*. Posterior tibie testaceous . . . . woe s+ 6 6 6 « [2. cinerea, Bruner.]
A’. Smaller. Median carina of the pronotum cut very little behind the
middle. Disc of the tegmina provided with large dark blotches
which run together . . . .....642.2.02.48.202088, [3. crenulata, Bruner. ]

* The name Cordzllacris, Rehn, should take the place of Alpha, Brunner, which is preoccupied in
Hymenoptera (see anted, p. 29),

CORDILLACRIS.— PHLIBOSTROMA, 71

1. Cordillacris occipitalis, Thomas.
Stenobothrus occipitalis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 81 (1873) *; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer.
Ent., Orthopt. t. 17. fig. 13 (1874) °; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 55 (1888) *.
Oxycoryphus occipitalis, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 251 (1876)*; Ann. Rep. Chief
Eng. 1878, p. 1843 (1878) °.

Ochrilidia occipitalis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 52 (1889)°; Townsend, Insect Life, vi.
p. 31 (1893) ”. |

Alpha occipitalis, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893) *°; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. pp. 246, 247, t. 4. figg. 18, 18a, 6 (1897) °; Sceudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 23
(1900) *°.

Cordillacris occipitalis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1902, p. 718”; Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xxvi. p. 782 (1903) ”. .

Hab. Nortu America! !*, Plains east of the Rocky Mountains and the basin
between the latter and the Sierra Nevada, southward to beyond the limits of the
United States.—Mexico, Chihuahua (Bruner).

(2. Cordillacris cinerea, Bruner.

Ochrilidia cinerea, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 52, 53 (1890) ’.

Alpha cinerea, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 247 (1897) *; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S.
p- 28 (1900) ’; Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 26 (1902) *.

Cordillacris cinerea, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 782 (1903) °.

Hab. North America!—5, Western Nebraska southward to near Mesilla, New
Mexico.

Found on sandy ground and more restricted in its distribution than the preceding. ]

(3. Cordillacris crenulata, Bruner.

Ochrilidia crenulata, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 51,52 (1890)*; Publ. Nebr. Acad.
Sci. ili. p. 22 (1893) *.

Alpha crenulata, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 247 (1897)°; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt.
USS. p. 23 (1900) *; Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 26 (1902) ’.

Cordillacris crenulata, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 26 (1903) °.

Hab. Nortu America !~*, southern portion of New Mexico and Arizona.

Of nearly the same habits as C. occipitalis but rather less common and somewhat
restricted to gravelly hill-sides and tracts covered with scattered short grass. |

PHLIBOSTROMA, Scudder.

Stenobothrus, Thomas, Syn. N. Amer. Acrid. p. 93 (1873) (part.) (nec Fischer).

Phiibostroma, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 517 (1875); Ann. Rep. Chief Eng.
1876, p. 510 (1876); Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57 (1883) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav.
Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 247, 248 (1897).

Beta, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 121 (1893).

72 ORTHOPTERA.

This genus is represented by a single variable species. It is a characteristic locust
of the arid and semiarid regions of western North America, from the plains of the
Saskatchewan to an indeterminate point on the interior tablelands of Mexico. The
following brief synonymy will give the reader some notion of its variability.

1. Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Thomas.
Stenobothrus quadrimaculatus, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyom. p. 280 (1871) '
Syn. N. Amer. Acrid. p. 93 (1878) ?; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 56 (1883) °.
Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum, Bruner, Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. no. 4, p. 185 (1885) *
McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 248, 249, t. 4. figg. 19, 19 a, 6 (1897) °; Scudd.
Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 23 (1900) °.

Phlibostroma pictum, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 517 (1875)"; Bruner, Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57°; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 23 (1893) *.

Phlibostroma parvum, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 510 (1876) *°; Bruner, Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm. iii. p. 57; Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. pp. 198, 199 (1886) ”.

Stenobothrus letus, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. iii. pp. 792, 793 (1877) ».

Phiibostroma letum, Bruner, Bull. Washb. Lab. Nat. Hist. i. p. 199”.

Hab. Norta America!~!4, Plains of the Saskatchewan to the interior tablelands of
Mexico. —Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (Bruner).

Not represented in any of the Mexican collections before me, but observed by me
while collecting other insects in the mountains of Northern Chihuahua during the
autumn of 1887.

ORPHULA, Stal *.
Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx), Stal, Kongl. Svenska Freg. Eug. Resa, Ins., Orthopt. p. 339 (1860)

(part.). .
Truzxalis (Orphula), Stal, Recens. Orthopt. 1. p. 105 (1873) (part.).

Orphula, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. ii. p. 42 (1876).

A genus composed of medium-sized insects belonging to Tropical America, and
possibly represented by several species. The type of Orphula, O. pagana, Stal, is
found in Southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Northern Argentina. Two other species
are now added. ‘They may be separated as follows :—

A’. Fastigium of the vertex with its antero-lateral edges decidedly rounded.

Basal joints of the antenne greatly depressed. Lateral carinz of the

pronotum only gently divergent on the hind lobe . . . . . . . ([]. pagana, Stal.]
A’. Fastigium of the vertex with its antero-lateral edges nearly straight.

Basal joints of the antennz only gently depressed. Lateral carinz of

the pronotum strongly divergent on the hind lobe.

s
* Since the publication of the Synopsis of the Genera of Tryxalinz (anted, pp. 26-34), two insects have come
into my possession which seem to belong to this genus.

- ORPHULA. 73
5’. Lateral carinz of the anterior lobe of the pronotum parallel. [Costa
Rica.]. 2. 2. 2 2. 6 ew ee soe ew ew ww ww ew meridionalis, sp. n.

b?, Lateral carine of the anterior lobe of the pronotum plainly divergent
infront. [Mexico]... . . . . 6 . « . . es ~ « 8. azteca, Sauss.

[1. Orphula pagana, Stal.
Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) paganus, Stal, Freg. Hug. Resa, Ins., Orthopt. p. 339 (1860) *.
Truzalis (Orphula) pagana, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 106 (1878) ’.

ITab. Sourn America! 2, Rio Janeiro, Brazil, Paraguay, &c. |

2. Orphula meridionalis, sp. n.

About the same size as, but somewhat more robust than, 0. pagana, Stal. General colour dark brown,
relieved by green on the dorsum of the prothorax and on the tegmina above.

Face oblique, nearly straight when viewed from the side; vertex between the eyes a little narrower than the
shortest diameter of one of them, the fastigium provided with a raised rim and projecting forwards about
as far as its posterior width, the sides nearly straight and its apex acute, in this respect recalling to mind
the various species of the genus Orphulella. Antenne about as long as the head and pronotum together,
the basal joints flattened and moderately broad, but, owing to the slight enlargement of the apical joints,
these members can scarcely be said to be ensiform. Pronotum with the dorsum flat, widening but gently
posteriorly, the sides nearly perpendicular, front edge straight, the hind margin broadly angulate, but
with the apex gently and rather widely emarginate ; lateral carine nearly as prominent as the median,
parallel to the last transverse sulcus, which is situated slightly behind the middle, and from this point
gently diverging till they reach the posterior edge. Surface of the sides of the pronotum and the pleura
of meso- and metathorax quite coarsely wrinkled and grooved or covered with irregular raised lines.
Tegmina moderately broad, a little longer than the abdomen, with the dorsal portion flattened and
separated from the discal field by a decided angle, their apex obliquely truncate. Hind femora extending
a trifle beyond the tip of the abdomen, only gently enlarged at the base, and with the lateral apical lobes
pointed. Hind tibiz with 11 spines in the outer row. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes broader
than long, the sides rounded.

The upper edge of the lateral lobes of the pronotum provided with a narrow streak of black, which in part
crosses to the dorsal surface at the transverse sulcus. There is also a row of irregular black dots along
the dorsal portion of each elytron just inside the angle, and a few similar dots on the discal field, although —
the latter are scarcely visible on account of the dark brown colour of this portion. It is possible that in
life this insect has a pale-coloured abdomen, especially below, and that the legs are also somewhat lighter
than the head and thorax. There are indications of a greenish tinge on the anterior portion of the sides
of both the meso- and metathorax, and it is therefore likely that the species will be found to vary
considerably in its general colour, as do many of its allies. Wings tinged with ferruginous as in
O. pagana.

Length of body, @, 24; of pronotum 4:5, of tegmina 19°5, of hind femora 15 millim,

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker, Jr., in coll. Bruner).
A single female, found in May or June 1902.

8. Orphula azteca, Sauss. (Tab. I. fig. 23, ¢ .)
Oxycoryphus aztecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 315 (1861) '.

Hab. Mexico!, Orizaba and Cordova (Mus. Geneva: ¢ 9 ), San Lorenze, near
Cordova (MZ. Trujillo: 3), Jalapa (coll. Bruner).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., Apri/ 1904. Lu

74 ORTHOPTERA.

As I write, Saussure’s type, a male, is before me ; while among the other material
which has been submitted to me for study by that gentleman there are three other
specimens of the same species. One of these latter, a female, bears the label “* Orphula
zapoteca, Sauss. (inedit.)”; another, a male, also bears a similar label; and the third
is ticketed “ Orphula pagana.” ‘There is scarcely any doubt that they all belong to
the same species. The female is brownish testaceous, and has the tegmina rather
coarsely sprinkled with dull fuscous spots, and lacks the green dorsal band on the disc
of the pronotum and along the hind edges of tegmina, so characteristic of the male.

ORPHULINA, Giglio-Tos.
Orphulina, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, ix. no, 184, p. 9 (1894).

1. Orphulina pulchella, Giglio-Tos.
Orphulina pulchella, Giglio-Tos, loc. cit.’.

Hab. Paxama, Darien (Dr. Festa 1).—Cotompia, Cartagena!; Paraguay, San Pedro}.

This insect was described from specimens from San Pedro, Paraguay, said to occur
also on the Isthmus of Darien and at Cartagena, Colombia, where individuals of
both sexes were taken by Dr. E. Festa. It has not been recognized by me, unless

Orphulella aculeata, Rehn, is the same species (see Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii.
pp. 92, 93 et seq.).

ORPHULELLA, Giglio-Tos,
Orphula, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 105 (1873) (part.).
Stenobothrus, Scudder, Thomas, and others (nec Fischer) (part.).
Orphulella, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Tor. ix. no. 184, p. 10 (Sept. 1894) ; Morse,
Psyche, vii. p. 407 (1896) ; Scudder, Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 177-188 (1899).
Orphula, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 233 (1897) (nec Stal).

This genus is by far the most extensive in the subfamily Tryxaline, being repre-
sented by a large number of species of rather small locusts that are to be met with as
common forms at most localities where they are found. Its representatives occur in
America between the latitudes of at least 45° north and south of the Equator. Twenty-
five are herewith assigned to Mexican and Central-American regions, while several
others may be found there hereafter. Although very similar in general appearance, a

close comparison of these insects shows that the different species can be distinguished
without much difficulty.

Table for separating the Species of Orphulella.
A’. Discoidal area of the basal half of the tegmina of the ? generally
plainly narrowed distally, where it is nearly always occupied by a
single row of cells and is distinctly narrower than the ulnar area at

ORPHULELLA.

its widest part; ulnar area of the ¢ occupied by a single row of
cells, rarely partially divided into two sets by an irregular spurious
vein.

b'. Lateral carinz of the pronotum nearly straight, parallel, slightly

divergent posteriorly, or very faintly arcuate on the prozona.
c’. Antenne of the ¢ not longer than the head and pronotum
together, basally depressed and apically subacuminate

c’. Antenne of the ¢ a little longer than the head and pronotum

[1. compta, Seudd.]

together, of equal size throughout and nowhere flattened . . [24. decora, McNeill.]

b°. Lateral carine of the pronotum distinctly bent, often greatly
divergent both in front and behind. Anterior ulnar vein of
the ¢ tegmina distally much nearer the radial than the lower
ulnar vein.

c'. Narrowest (middle) portion of the pronotal disc more than three-
fourths the width of the broadest (posterior) portion .

c’. Narrowest (middle) portion of the pronotal disc not more,
generally less, than three-fourths the width of the broadest
(posterior) portion.

d'. More or less variegated, the tegmina usually with a median
series of spots. Antenne of the ¢ not longer than the head
and pronotum together; hind margin of the prorotum ob-
tusely angulate.

e'. Fastigium of the vertex less sharply angulate and less
prominent, in the ¢ advanced beyond the eyes by not
more than one-third the length of the eyes as seen from
above, in the ? generally roundly obtusangulate . .

e*. Fastigium of the vertex more sharply angulate and more
prominent, in the g advanced beyond the eyes by half or
nearly half the length of the eyes as seen from above, in
the ? generally distinctly rectangulate.

f'. Normally brown or testaceous, seldom with much green.
f’. Normally grass-green, never brown, seldom testaceous
d°. Rarely variegated, the tegmina usually immaculate; antenne
of the $ longer than the head and pronotum together ; hind
margin of the pronotum rounded, scarcely angulate .

A®. Discoidal area of the basal half of the tegmina of the 9 scarcely
narrowed distally, and here nearly always occupied by more than
one row of cells, and little, if any, narrower than the ulnar area at
its widest part; ulnar area of the ¢ either divided into two series
of cells by a more or less distinct spurious vein, or irregularly
reticulate, never occupied throughout by a single series of cells.

b'. Lateral carine of the pronotum distinctly arcuate, the disc of
unequal width, being narrower (often considerably narrower) in
the middle than behind, and generally than in front.

[9. obliquata, Scudd.]

[8. picturata, Scudd.}

5. affinis, Scudd.
[2. graminea, sp. n.]

[7. speciosa, Scudd.]

76 ORTHOPTERA.

c’. Antenne of the ¢ considerably longer than the head and —

pronotum together.
d’, Larger. Disc of the pronotum greatly clepsydral, the lateral
carine diverging noticeably both in front and behind;
tegmina of the ¢ generally much surpassing the hind
femora . . . 2 6 1 6 ew ew ew ee .
@. Smaller. Disc of the pronotum only slightly clepsydral,
the lateral carine nearly parallel on the anterior lobe and
divergent behind; tegmina only a little surpassing the hind
femora . 2. 2 2 6 6 ew ew ee we we ee
ce, Antenne of the ¢ not or scarcely longer than the head and
pronotum together.

d'. More slender. Tegmina and wings, even of the ?, reaching

considerably beyond the tips of the hind femora.
e’. General colour green or olive. Fastigium of the vertex
acutangulate, as long as wide.
jf’. Wings infuscated. General colour grass-green; tegmina
without the row of discal dark spots . .
f°. Wings not infuscate. General colour olive-green; the
tegmina provided with a row of faint discal spots
e*. General colour brown or testaceous. Fastigium of the
vertex obtuse-angulate, or, at most, rectangulate in front,
shorter than broad.
jf’. Antenne very slender, as long as the head and pronotum
together, even in the ?. lateral carine of the pro-
notum distinctly, and often considerably, divergent
both in front and behind. . . soe eee
jf’. Antenne more robust, the basal joints depressed, the
apex gently acuminate, in the ? shorter than the head
and pronotum together.

g. Lateral carine of the pronotum only gently bowed.
Colour uniformly green or testaceous, without dusky
mottlings . 2. 2. 2. 1. 6 ee ee ee

g°. Lateral carine of the pronotum more decidedly arcuate.

Entire insect usually profusely variegated with dark

mottlings, the tegmina very often evenly marked with

dark flecks See ee ee

a’, More robust. Tegmina and wings, even in the ¢, but little
surpassing the tip of the hind femora.

e’. Body greatly compressed and deeper than usual. Lateral
carine of the pronotum comparatively near together and
nearly parallel on the front lobe, strongly divergent on the
hind lobe. . . .

e’, Body less compressed and not unusually deep. Lateral

[10. pratorum, Scudd.]

- ll. neglecta, Rehn.

- 12. aculeata, Rehn.

3. olivacea, Morse.

[6. pelidna, Burm.]

4. arctata, Walk.

. 13. punctata, De G.

. 14. mexicana, Sauss.

ORPHULELLA. 17

carinz of the pronotum farther apart and distinctly arcuate
on the anterior lobe, less strongly divergent behind.
f°. Larger. (9: length 20-22 mm.) Variable in colour,
but very often largely green. [Central America.] .° . 21. costaricensis, sp. un.
J’. Smaller. (2: length 16-18 mm.) Usually green, more
or less varied with testaceous, purplish or brown, and
black.
g'. Pronotum short, the lateral carine gently arcuate,
the median carina cut a little back of the middle.
[Cordova, Mexico.] . . . . . . . +. + « 19. zapoteca, Sauss.
g’. Pronotum with the lateral carinze more decidedly
arcuate; the median carina cut at the middle.
h*. Lateral foveole of the vertex elongate-triangular,
moderately deeply impressed. Disc of the pro-
notum narrowest at the first transverse sulcus.
[Mexico.] . . . woe ee . . . 17. tepaneca, Sauss.
. Lateral foveole of the vertex linear, rather faint.
Disc of the pronotum narrowest at the second
transverse sulcus. [Central America.] . . . ~ 20. meridionalis, sp. n.
b’. Lateral carine of the pronotum not arcuate, either straight
throughout or parallel on the anterior lobe and more or less
divergent on the posterior one.
c'. Antenne of the ¢ decidedly longer than the head and pronotum
together, and more than ordinarily heavy.
d', Lateral carine of the pronotum gently and evenly divergent
posteriorly. Eyes prominent, elongate. Face strongly
oblique . . . 2. 2. ee : 2 6 « ee + 283. prominula, sp. n.
d’, Lateral carine of the pronotum divergent on the posterior
lobe only. Eyes less prominent, subglobular. Face only
moderately oblique . . . .- - . « . 25, robusta, sp. n.
. Antenne of the ¢ shorter, seldom even equalling the combined
length of the head and pronotum, not incrassate.
d', Larger. (9: length 25 mm.) Antenne filiform, those of
the ? longer than the pronotum. [Cuba and Island of
Pines] 2. 2. 2 ee ee eee ee ee eww [RR scudderi, Bol.]
d*, Smaller. (?: length 20-21 mm.) Antenne very short, in
the ? not longer than the pronotum. [Mexico.]
e', Fastigium of the vertex prominent and decidedly angulate,
as long as broad.
f'. Distal portion of the discoidal area of the tegmina of the
9 finely and irregularly veined; antennz subensiform . 15. ¢olteca, Sauss.
f?. Distal portion of the discoidal area of the tegmina of the
@ more regularly veined ; antenne with basal joints a
little depressed. (Orizaba.] . . 2. . «© « « « ~ 18. orizabe, McNeill.

78 ORTHOPTERA.

e*, Fastigium of the vertex less prominent, broadly and roundly
angulate, only about one-half as long as wide; basal joints
of antenne scarcely depressed. [Interior tablelands of
Mexico.], . 2. 2. 2. 2 ee ee we ew we ws «16. viridescens, Scudd.

Norz.—Owing to the unsatisfactory descriptions of Oxycoryphus totonacus, Saussure, and Stenobothrus
decisus, S. viridissimus, and S. meaxicanus, Walker, all of which seem to belong to Orphulella, these forms
have been omitted from the foregoing table. Possibly S. mewicanus is the same as Acridium punctatum,
De Geer. If distinct, it will necessitate its being renamed, and the name of Orphulella walkeri is
suggested. S. decisus is found in Santo Domingo, and no doubt is a good species; while S. viridissimus
seems to be nearly related to, or the same as, O. meridionalis, which is described below.

1. Orphulella compta, Scudd.
Orphulella compta, Scudd. Canad. Ent, xxxi. pp. 178, 180, 181 (1899) *; Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. viii. p. 23 (1900) 2.
Hab. Norta America, Yuma, Arizona, Palm Springs, California (A. P. Morse,
Scudder } 2).]

(2. Orphulella graminea, sp. n.

Pale grass-green, with a faint dusky line on the head, back of the eyes, and along the upper edge of the sides
of the pronotum, crossing over to the dise on the hind lobe, bordered above by a narrow line of dirty
white, the latter following the lateral carine of the pronotum. The basal portion of the disc of the
tegmina showing traces of a median longitudinal row of light and dark spots, beyond the middle
transparent. Eyes ferruginous and sometimes likewise the antenne. Anterior and middle legs,
together with the hind femora and the body below, uniformly green, the latter much paler than the legs ;
the hind tibiz dull grey, the outer edge provided with ten spines.

Head rather broader than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput a little ascending and gently arched;
the fastigium slightly acute(¢), or meeting at.about.a right angle in front (Q), in the ¢ advanced
beyond the eyes by nearly or quite half the length of the eyes as seen from above, rather decidedly
sulcate; lateral foveole elongate-triangular, not very plain. Antenne with the joints scarcely depressed,
acuminate, about reaching the last transverse sulcus of the pronotum in the 9, or a little beyond in
the g. Pronotum with its lateral carine nearly parallel on the anterior lobe, divergent on the posterior
one, the two lobes almost equal in length, the front one a trifle the longer. Tegmina slightly surpassing
the tips of the hind femora in both sexes; the latter rather long, extending a little beyond the apex of
the abdomen, even in the 9.

Length ot body, 5 17, 2 24-26; of pronotum, ¢ 3:3, 2 4:25; of tegmina, ¢ 14, 9 19; of hind femora,
6 11, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Nortn America, Phenix, Arizona (R. E. Kunze, in coll. L. Bruner).

Numerous specimens. |

8. Orphulella olivacea, Morse.

Stenobothrus olivaceus, Morse, Psyche, vi. pp. 477, 478, figg. 1, 2 (1893) ?.

Orphula olivacea, Morse, Psyche, vii. pp. 327, 411, t. 7. figg. 10, 10 @ (1896) *; Giglio-Tos, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Tor. xii. no. 301, p. 2 (1897) °.

Orphulella olivacea, Scudd. Canad. Ent, xxxi. pp. 179, 187 (1899) *.

ORPHULELLA. 79

Hab, Nortu America, Atlantic States 1? 4—Panama, Isthmus of Darien (Dr. Festa *).

The recognition of this species by Giglio-Tos, among some Orthoptera collected on
the Isthmus of Darien and in Colombia, may be an error, as none of the collections
examined by me seem to bear out his conclusions.

4, Orphulella arctata, Walker.
Stenobothrus arctatus, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit, Mus. iv. p. 761 (1870) *; Thomas, Syn.
Acrid. N. Amer. p. 208 (1873) *.

Hab. Horpvras! [ ¢ ], Ruatan I. (Gawmer: 3 2).

The ‘ Biologia’ collection contains several specimens from Ruatan Island that are
referred to this species.

(5. Orphulella affinis, Scudd.
Orphulella affinis, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 178, 183 (1899).

Hab. Nortu America, California, San Diego, Coronado, Kern City, Colorado Desert
(A. P. Morse, and coll. Stanford Univ.").}

[6. Orphulella pelidna, Burm.
Gomphocerus pelidnus, Burm. Handb. d. Ent. ii. p. 650 (1838) °.
Stenobothrus pelidnus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 95 (1873) *.
Orphula pelidna, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 235, 239 (1897) °.
Orphulella pelidna, Scudd, Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 179, 187 (1899) *.
Stenobothrus maculipennis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. pp. 458-459 (1862) °.
Stenobothrus propinquans, Scudd. loc. cit. p. 461 (1862) °.

Hab. Norta America’, generally, eastward, California, New Mexico (Morse).—
ANTILLES, Cuba (Wright). ]

(7. Orphulella speciosa, Scudd.
Stenobothrus speciosus, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 485 (1862) °.
Orphula speciosa, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat, Sci. vi. pp. 240, 242, t. 4. fig. 17 ¢ (1897) ?.
Stenobothrus equalis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. pp. 459-460 (1862) °,
Stenobothrus bilineatus, Scudd. loc. cit. pp. 460-461 (1862) *.
Stenobothrus gracilis, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1871) °. |

Hab. Nortu America, Nova Scotia to, and including, Texas !-5,] ~

(8. Orphulella picturata, Scudd.
Orphulella picturata, Scudd. Canad. Ent, xxxi. pp. 178, 182 (1899) *.

Hab. Nort America, Texas}. ]

S0: ORTHOPTERA.

[9. Orphulella obliquata, Scudd.
Orphulella obliquata, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 178, 181-182 (1899) ’.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas to Colorado }.]

{10. Orphulella pratorum, Scudd.
Orphulella pratorum, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 179, 186 (1899) '.

Hab. Norta America, Southern United States, Gulf coast of Texas !.]

11. Orphulella neglecta, Rehn.
Orphulella neglecta, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 94 (1900) '.

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba, Vera Cruz (coll. Rehn, Bruner).

12. Orphulella aculeata, Rehn.
Orphulella aculeata, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. pp. 92-94 (1900) *

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca ‘in Morelos (Barrett: ¢ 2), Chilpancingo in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith: 3 92).

Found in June, July, and August.

13. Orphulella punctata, De Geer.
Acrydium punctatum, De G. Mém. Hist. Ins. ii. p. 5038, t. 42. fig. 12 (1778) *.
Orphula punctata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 106-107 (1873) *; Brunner & Redt. Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 208°.
Orphula (Orphulella) punctata, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 12 (1894) *.
Hab. Mexico, Yucatan (Gaumer), Vera Cruz, Guerrero, &c.; Costa Rica (Bruner).
—Souro America, Colombia, Surinam, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Trinidad.

The insect described by De Geer, if rightly determined by me, is one of the most
variable in colour, and, at the same time, widely distributed species of the genus in
tropical America. I possess a female specimen from Trinidad that appears to be
typical. If this be correct, then the various other examples before me from Central
America, including both sexes, belong here also.

14. Orphulella mexicana, Sauss. |
Oxycoryphus mewicanus, Sauss. Rev. et.-Mag.. Zool. xiii. p. 314 (1861) >; Thomas, Syn. Acrid.
N. Amer. p. 202 (1873) ”.

Hab. Mexico!, Jalapa (0. W. Barrett).

Three specimens, Saussure’s types, male and female, and a second female, are before
me as I write. The species must either be a rare insect or else it is restricted to
certain conditions of surroundings which have tended so far to keep it out of the
hands of collectors.

ORPHULELLA. 81

15. Orphulella tolteca, Sauss.
Oxycoryphus toltecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 8314 (1861)'; Thomas, Syn. Acrid.
N. Amer, p. 201 (1878) ?. |

Hab. Mexico },

16. Orphulella viridescens, Scudd. |
Orphulella viridescens, Scudd. Canad, Ent. xxxi. pp. 179, 187-188 (1899) *.
Hab. Mexico, Alvarez Mountains (Dr. Palmer'), Tlalpam and Mexico City
(ZL. Bruner).

- This insect appears to be quite common in November on closely grazed pastures in
the vicinity of Mexico City.

17. Orphulella tepaneca, Sauss.

Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) tepanecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 319 (1861)*; Walker,
Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 756 (1870) *; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 206
(1873) *. |

? Orphula tepaneca, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 242-243, t. 4. fig. 17 a (1897; *.

Ilab. Mexico} 2, Orizaba (H. H. Smith & Godman).

Saussure’s type, a female, is before me as I write.

18. Orphulella orizabe, McNeill.
Orphula orizabe, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 243, t. 4. fig. 17 (1897) ’.
Orphulella orizabe, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. p. 179 (1899) *. .

Hab. Norra America, San Antonio, Texas !.—Mexico, Mexico City and Tlalpam !.

This species has not been recognized among the material at hand.

19. Orphulella zapoteca, Sauss.
Oxycoryphus zapotecus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 316 (1861)'; Walker, Cat. Dermapt.
Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 787 (1870) ?; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 203 (1878) *.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova }.

20. Orphulella meridionalis, sp. n.

Very similar to O. costaricensis in general appearance and build, but considerably smaller, and separable from
the other members of the genus by the characters mentioned in the synoptical table (supra, p. 77). The
tegmina of the present species, it may be added, are more membranous than in O. costaricensis, and are
less apt to be furnished with the row of discal dark spots. The prevailing colour seems to be largely
green, as no dark specimens are at hand.

Length of body, ¢ 13, 2 18; of pronotum, 5 2°60, 9 3:5; of tegmina, ¢ 11, 9 13:5; of hind femora,
do 8, 2 10 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica (Biolley, in coll. Bruner). —
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., April 1904. Mm

82 ORTHOPTERA.

21. Orphulella costaricensis, sp. n.

A rather robust insect of variable colour, with the antenne of the ¢ scarcely so long as the head and pronotum,
together, and the tegmina and wings (even in the ¢) extending only a trifle beyond the tip of the hind
femora. - ;

Head a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum ; the occiput rather short and: not greatly rounded ;
fastigium somewhat deeply sulcate and projecting in advance of the eyes a little further than one-half
its diameter, its sides meeting in a right angle (¢) or obtuse (Q) in front, the anterior portion of the
sulcature provided with a well-marked median carina ; frontal costa fairly prominent, evenly divergent
and reaching the clypeus, scarcely sulcate, but- provided with a few rather coarse punctures both above
and below the ocellus; lateral foveolw rather deeply impressed, elongate-triangular. Antenne with the
joints depressed, shorter than the combined length of the head and pronotum in both sexes, Pronotum
with the sides gently compressed in the middle, the two lobes about equal in length ; lateral caring.
arcuate, approaching most closely at the second transverse sulcus, the hind edge broadly angulate.
Tcgmina of moderate width, the costal edge near the base somewhat dilated; discal area scarcely
narrowing distally, where it is occupied by two rows of cells, the ulnar area in the ¢ irregularly veined.
Hind tibis with 9 spines in the outer row.

General colour variable, but often in great part green or testaceous, with the usual dusky bands reaching from
the back edge of the eyes to the hind margin of the pronotum, crossing over to the disc on the hind
lobe. Tegmina furnished with a longitudinal discal.row of fuscous spots. In some of the darker-coloured.
(brownish) individuals the entire tegmina are more or less generally marked with fuscous spots, reminding
one of O. punctata.

Length of body, ¢ 14-15, @ 20-21; of pronotum, ¢ 2°65, 2 3:95; of tegmina, ¢ 12, 9 16; of hind
femora, ¢ 8°5, 9 12 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (P. Biolley, M. Cary, L. Bruner).

(22. Orphulella scudderi, Bolivar.

Orphula scudderi, Bol. Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. p. 142 (1888)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. pp. 285, 244 (1897) *. |

Orphulella scudderi, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 179, 188 (1899) °.

Hab. AnvituES, Cuba, Isle of Pines !~%.]

23. Orphulella prominula, sp. n.
_ Orphulella prominula, Scudder (MSS.).

A medium-sized insect, with the antenne rather heavier than usual and somewhat longer than the combined
length of the head and pronotum, and the lateral carine of the pronotum gently and evenly divergent
posteriorly. Face strongly oblique ; the eyes prominent and a little more elongate than usual.

Head rather long above, the fastigium about as long as wide, acute-angled, deeply sulcate and with a short
median carina in front, the lateral walls profound and rather sharp, the lateral foveole faint, triangular.
Frontal costa rather prominent, evenly divergent, sulcate throughout. Pronotum with the last transverse
sulcus situated plainly behind the middle, the disc of the hind lobe above furnished on each side between
the median and lateral carine with two longitudinal ridges or ruge. Tegmina rather narrow, irregularly
veined in the discal and ulnar areas, about reaching the tip of the hind femora. The latter about normal,

provided with twelve or thirteen spines in the outer row.

General colour testaceous, with the upper third or fourth of the sides of the pronotum and the base of the
tegmina infuscated—possibly, in some specimens the prevailing tint above is green or flavous, Wings
hyaline, or very faintly clouded apically. ;

Length of body, d, 16-17; of pronotum 3, of tegmina 13:5, of hind femora 9-75 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (coll. Scudder), Presidio (forrer).

Three specimens, all males.

ORPHULELLA.—PARACHLOEBATA. 83

[24. Orphulella decora, McNeill.
Orphula decora, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 2385, 239-240, t. 4. fig. 17 d (1897) *
Canad. Ent. xxxi. p. 54 (1899) *. |
Orphulella decora, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 178, 181 (1899) °.

Hab. NortH America 1~%, Colorado to Texas (Scudder).

Not recognized among the material before me. |

25. Orphulella robusta, sp. n.

Rather robust, with the tegmina and wings only slightly surpassing (¢) or not quite reaching ( 2 ) the tip of
the abdomen. Basal joints of the antenns depressed, in the ¢ considerably longer than, and in the ?
about as long as, the head and pronotum together. Head large, a little wider than the front edge
of the pronotum above, evenly expanding below and gently sulcate throughout; fastigium of the vertex
rather prominent, the sides in the ¢ meeting in front in an acute angle, in the 2 in about a right angle,
shallowly sulcate and provided in the middle anteriorly with a well-defined carina; lateral foveole
obscure, triangular. Pronotum moderately long, the anterior lobe- somewhat the longer, only the last
transverse sulcus at all profound; lateral carine parallel on the anterior lobe, gently divergent on the
posterior lobe, hind edge subangulate. Tegmina irregularly reticulate, their costal edge somewhat dilated
near the base. Hind femora moderately robust, surpassing the abdomen in both sexes.

General colour above greenish or testaceous, varied with the usual dark line along the upper edge of the sides
of the pronotum. Anterior edge and disc of tegmina brownish or fuscous, and in some specimens showing
a central series of dusky dots, the dorsal edges green or greenish. Hind femora with their apices dusky ;
tibie brownish-purple.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 9 23; of Pronotum, 3 3°35, 9 45; of tegmina, ¢ 10, 9 13; of hind femora,
3 10°5, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Two males and one female, captured in August.

[PARACHLOEBATA, gen. nov.

Not unlike Orphulella and Amblytropidia, but structurally quite different from either of them, though closest
to the former, as will be seen by the characters given in the analytical table for the separation of the
genera of this subfamily, as treated in the present work.

Body compressed, rather smooth. Head of medium size, about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, the
occiput nearly straight and about on the same plane with the disc of the pronotum ; eyes not prominent,
pointed above, straight in front, rounded behind; fastigium of the vertex convex (instead of grooved),
wider than long, the bounding walls rounded, low, meeting in front in more than a right angle ( 9 ) and
with a slight median carina at the apex (thus calling to mind the vertex of Amblytropidia) ; lateral
foveole subobsolete, represented only by slight irregular depressions. Face, when viewed in profile, very
gently sinuate, owing to the prominence of the frontal costa between the antenne and a slight depression
of it at the ocellus, its sides gently divergent to just below the ocellus, where they approach and again

‘diverge to the clypeus ; plain above, but gently sulcate below the ocellus. Antenne filiform, apparently
shorter than the combined length of the head and pronotum (partially broken in the specimen at hand).
Pronotum with the sides nearly perpendicular, gently contracted in the middle, the median and lateral
carine prominent, the latter broadly arcuate and approaching much more closely on the front margin of
the anterior lobe than on the hind edge of the posterior lobe; the transverse sulci very dim, the last about
the middle ; front edge straight, the hind edge scarcely angulate; sides about as deep as long, their upper
edge excavated, so as to leave a broad irregular depression next the lateral carinz on the anterior lobe,
the remaining portion, except near the middle, Toughened, (Tegmina about as long as the abdomen, with

Mm 2

ay

84 ORTHOPTERA.

comparatively few veins, rather narrow, the scapular area gently dilated, and the apex evenly rounded.
Hind femora compressed, moderately broad on the basal half, more slender apically, the carine smooth,
Hind tibiz with 13-14 spines in the outer row. Valves of the ovipositor free, fairly slender, evenly
curved apically.

1. Parachloebata pratensis, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 10, 104, 2.)

Parachloebata pratiensis (sic), Sauss. ined.

General colour light brownish-testaceous, streaked along the upper edge of the sides of the pronotum to the
transverse sulcus, and beyond the disc to the hind edge, with black. There are also two narrow dark
bands, enclosing a wider light one on the occiput, beginning at the back edges of the fastigium and
continuing to the pronotum. Tegmina with a prominent subcostal green stripe, reaching from the base
to beyond the middle, their general colour cinereous. Wings, as showing through the tegmina, slightly
infuscated. Hind femora internally and on the upper edge of the disc, along with the apex of the hind

- tibiae, infuscated.
Length of body, 9, 27; of pronotum 5, of tegmina 21, of hind femora 15°5 millim.

Hab. ANTILLES, Cuba (Poey, in Mus. Geneva).

A single female. ]

LINOCERATIUM, gen. nov.

Bearing a general resemblance to Orphulella, but differing from that genus in the more slender form, narrower
elytra, the almost complete obliteration of the lateral carine on the anterior lobe of the pronotum, and
the much larger and more prominent eyes.

Head rather large, the occiput ascending above the plane of the disc of the pronotum ; the eyes large, promi-
nent, semiglobular in the ¢, a little pointed above in the 9; vertex of medium width, about half as
wide as the shorter diameter of the eyes (2 ), or somewhat less ( ¢), deeply sulcate, and with a faint
median carina at the bottom near its front margin, the bounding walls high, meeting at front in a right
angle in the 2, somewhat acute in the ¢; lateral foveole present, but not very decided, varying from
linear to elongate triangular. Frontal costa fairly prominent, narrow above, gradually widening below,
continuous and sulcate to the clypeus. Antenne of medium length, filiform. Face short, straight,
oblique. Pronotum considerably widened behind, the two lobes of about equal length, the lateral carine
nearly obliterated, and arcuate on the anterior, more pronounced and strongly divergent on the posterior
lobe ; hind border evenly rounded, the sides higher than long, and with the anterior portion of the lower
edge profoundly, obliquely truncate. Tegmina long, narrow, reaching beyond the tip of the abdomen in
both sexes, the apex evenly rounded, the veins and veinlets feeble. Posterior femora moderately heavy,
about reaching (@) or greatly surpassing ( d}) the tip of the abdomen. Hind tibiee provided with nine
or ten spines in the outer row. Abdomen slender, in the ¢ not especially modified, but with the supra-
anal plate triangular, the apical half bent downward and separated from the anterior portion by a trans-

verse carina. Cerci moderately heavy and evenly tapering, about three and one-half times as long as the
extreme basal width.

1. Linoceratium boucardi, sp. n.

General colour of the ¢ (the Q relatively more uniform in tint) pale testaceous, with a rather broad dusky
band on each side, beginning at the hind margin of the eyes and traversing the upper half of the sides of the
pronotum and pleura to the base of the abdomen. ‘The latter with two or three rather large patches of
the same colour on the sides. Apex of hind femora and base of tibiz also dusky.. Tegmina above with the
disc of the pronotum and the middle of the occiput pale testaceous, inclining to greenish in the ¢ , darker
in the 9. The dusky band of the sides of the pronotum crosses over to the sides of the disc on the hind
lobe. Costal edge and discal area of the tegmina uniformly fuliginous in the 3, but in the single ?
specimen at hand shows heavy flecking on the basal portion, the apical part in the latter uniformly dark
asin the ¢. Wings apparently fuliginous throughout,

LINOCERATIUM.—DICHROMORPHA. 85

Length of body, 5 12, 2 20; of antennez, 3 6°5, 2 6; of pronotum, ¢ 2:25, 2 3°35; of tegmina, ¢ 11-12,
2 15; of hind femora, g 8-9, 9 11 millim.
Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur: 3); Panama (Boucard: 3 ).—
CotomBia, San Diego, Dept. Magdalena (H. H. Smith, in mus. Carnegie: 3 2).

It would seem that this insect is rather widely distributed in the lower regions at
least of Tropical America. Six examples have been seen by me.

[CLINOCEPHALUS, Morse.

Clinocephalus, Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 326 (1896) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 232,
233 (1897) ; Scudder, Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 25 (1900).

Although this genus does not appear to be represented in the various collections
examined, it is mentioned as one that is likely to occur in the region under investi-
gation. Only a single species has thus far been described.

1. Clinocephalus elegans, Morse.

Clinocephalus elegans, Morse, Psyche, vii. pp. 326, 402, t. 7. figg. B, Ba (1866)*; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 233, t. 3. figg. 16, 16 @ (1897)’; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 25
(1900) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Atlantic States from Massachusetts to Texas !~3,

To be looked for in low, wet places, and especially where the water is brackish. |

DICHROMORPHA, Morse.

Chioéaltis, Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 445 (1862); Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt.
p. 119 (1898) (part.).

Opsomala, Thomas, Trans. Illinois Agr. Soc. p. 451 (1865) (part.).

Chrysochraon, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 75 (1873) (part.).

Truxalis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 92 (1878) (part.).

Dichromorpha, Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 326 (1896).

The locusts which are included in the genus Dichromorpha do not appear to be very
numerous in species, since but four are known to the present writer. Two of these
are normally long-winged and are described as new; they come from the same locality
on the west coast of Mexico. The others are normally short-winged and are remarkably
wide-spread: one of them, D. viridis, Scudd., ranges northward from Vera Cruz to
Southern Canada; and the other, D. australis, Bruner, is said to occur in Brazil,
Paraguay, and the Argentine Republic as far south as Northern Patagonia. Both of
these latter sometimes occur as long-winged individuals, but, as stated above, are
normally brachypterous. They are also represented by two colour-varieties, viz. green
and testaceous, and in the latter are very frequently thickly marked with dark brown

86 ‘ ORTHOPTERA.

and black flecks. These insects may be found about the edges of groves, the margins
of streams, and on cultivated ground where the vegetation is moderately rank,

Table for separating the Species of Dichtomorpha.

A', Normally with the tegmina and wings abbreviated, the apex of the
former acuminate. ,
b'. More robust: the pronotum with the sides parallel, its posterior
margin distinctly angulate. Antenne subfiliform, the basal
joints but little flattened. [Mexicoand U.S.] . . . . . . I. viridis, Scudd.
b?. Rather slender: the pronotum gently constricted in the middle, its
posterior margin rounded. Antenne short, the basal Joints con-
siderably flattened. [Argentina &c.] . . .... . [4. australis, Bruner. |
A?. Normally with the tegmina and wings fully developed, the apex < of
the former rounded. [West coast of Mexico.]
b'. Slender. The vertex provided in front with a distinct carina.
Hind tibie with 11-13 spines in the outerrow . . . . 38. longipennis, sp. n.
b?. Robust. The vertex without a distinct median carina. "Hind
tibize with 10 spines in the outer row... «ee w 6 «0 mexicana, sp. n.

1. Dichromorpha viridis, Scudd.

Chloéaltis viridis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 445 (1862); Glover, Illustr. N. Amer,
Ent., Orthopt. t. 6. fig. 11, t. 10. fig. 5 (1872)*; Sceudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix.
p. 88 (1877) *; Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois, ix. pp. 92, 99 (1880), &c. 4,

Stenobothrus viridis, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus, iv. p. 755 (1870) °.

Chrysochraon viridis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 75 (1873)°; Scudd. in Hitchcock’s Rep.
Geol. N. H. i. p. 372 (1874) "; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid.,
v. p. 871 (1876) °; Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 23 (1893) °.

Tryzalis viridis, Thomas, Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist. i. p. 61 (1876) *.

Dichromorpha viridis, Morse, Pysche, vii. pp. 326, 383-384, t. 7. figg. 7, 7a, 6 (1896) ™
Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 25 (1899) ».

Chloéaltis punctulata, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 455 (1862); Bruner, Rep. Comm.
Agr. 1885, p. 307“; Fernald, Orthopt. New Engl. p. 36 (1887) ¥.

Stenobothrus punctulata, Walk, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p.755 (1870) **.

Chrysochraon punctulatum, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 76 (1873) "; Bruner, Canad. Ent.
ix. p. 144 (1877) **; 8rd Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. p. 55 (1883) ”.

Chloéaltis viridis punctulatum, Beutenm. Descr. Cat. Orthopt. p. 292 (1894) ®.

Opomala brevipennis, Thomas, Trans. Illinois Agr. Soc. v. p. 451 (1865) ”.

Truxalis angusticornis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. 1. p. 105 (1873) ”; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geogr. &
Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 871 (1875) *.

Hab. Nortu America!3, East of Rocky Mountains.—MeExico, gulf or east coast
(Bruner).

3 Scudd.

This widely- spread ‘insect is not represented in the collections made by the Editors

DICHROMORPHA. 87°

of the ‘ Biologia,’ but it is known to occur along the eastern, or gulf, coast of Mexico.
D. viridis has been reported from nearly every locality between Carrizo Springs, Texas,
and the Canadian Territory to the north of the United States east of the Rocky
Mountains.

2. Dichromorpha mexicana, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 18,18 a, 2.)

About the size of, and as robust as, D. viridis, but with fully developed tegmina and wings.

Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput very gently ascending above the plane of the disc
of the latter, the lateral carine of the vertex meeting at the fastigium in a right angle in both sexes,
deeply sulcate, and without trace of a median carina; face gently (2) or considerably ( ¢ ) retreating
below ; frontal costa only moderately prominent, in the Q rather wider and with the sides parallel from
near the top to a point a little below the ocellus, then gently diverging to the clypeus, in the ¢ slightly
divergent throughout, shallowly sulcate in both sexes. Antenne about normal. Pronotum with lateral.
caring and sides nearly parallel, hardly perceptibly approaching in the middle; lateral carinse cut in some
specimens at least by both the middle and last: transverse sulci; hind margin broadly angulate. Tegmina
and wings reaching ( @ ), or considerably surpassing (¢), the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora normal,
the tibice with ten spines in the outer row.

General colour green, with the usual dark markings along the sides of the pronotum, pleura, and tegmina.
Knees in the ¢ dark, in the 9 hardly at all infuscated; tibiae and feet infuscated and with a dark
purplish tinge. A single 9 is uniformly wood-brown, as often seen in this sex of D. viridis.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 2 26; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 9 5:35; of tegmina, ¢ 13°5, 2 17; of hind femora,

3 10:5, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Sinaloa (Behrens, in coll. Scudder: ¢), Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad.
Sci.: 3 Q). 7

Nine specimens.

3. Dichromorpha longipennis, sp. n.

A much larger, slenderer and smoother-bodied, longer-winged insect than D. viridis, even than D. mexicana, to
which latter it is more nearly related. Superficially rather like an Orphulella, but the straight lateral
caring and the position of the last transverse sulcus of the pronotum at once remove it from that genus.

Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, very gently ascending above the plane of it; vertex provided
with rather high lateral carine, which meet at the fastigium in a little less than a right angle (@ ), or
one that is decidedly acute (g'), and a moderately deep sulcus, the latter with a well-defined median
carina; face somewhat oblique, the frontal costa moderately prominent above, evenly diverging below,

- sulcate throughout ; antenne with the joints plainly flattened, in the ¢ slightly longer than the head
and pronotum together, in the 9 rather shorter, Pronotum with the lateral carine gently con-
verging in front; the last transverse sulcus very plain, cutting all three carine; hind margin broadly
angulate. Tegmina and wings complete, in the Q reaching to, or beyond, the tip of the abdomen, in the
g to the tip of the hind femora; the former slender and with the apex evenly rounded. Hind femora
rather long and slender, in the 2 reaching to, or a little beyond, and in the ¢ to nearly one-third their
length beyond, the apex of the abdomen. . Hind tibiee with 11-13 spines in the outer row.

General colour grass-green, with the feet, tibia, and apex of hind femora more or less tinged with brownish-
purple. A narrow dark line extends along each side from behind the eyes, following just below the
lateral carine of the pronotum to the tegmina, where it continues and covers the discal field to the apex.
In some specimens the entire tegmina, save their anterior or costal area, becomes thus darkened.
Frequently the colouring of the tegmina is of a purplish tinge. In the ¢, which is always somewhat,
darker-coloured than the other sex, the dorsal field is green, as in both D. viridis and D. mexicana.

Length of body, ¢16, 9 22-24; of antenne, 3 7, 2 5-7; of pronotum, g 3°65, Q 4:5-5; of tegmina,

3 14, @ 15-19; of hind femora, g 11, 2 12-14 millim.

688. ORTHOPTERA.

Hab. Mexico (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

One male, six females, and two nymphs.

(4. Dichromorpha australis, Bruner.
Dichromorpha australis, Bruner, Sec. Rep. Merchants’ Locust Invest. Comm. B. A. pp. 28, 29
(1900) *.
Metaleptes angusticornis, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, no. 184, p. 8 (1894) *.
Dichromorpha viridis, Giglio-Tos, op. cit. no. 302, p. 24 (1897) °.

Hab. Sovrn America, Argentine Republic (coll. L. Bruner), Paraguay (Giglio-Tos).

D. australis is to be met with in moderate numbers on the pampas of Argentina
northward and north-westward, in Paraguay, and both the Argentine and Bolivian
chacos. | |

PHANEROTURIS, gen. nov.
Phaneroturis, Saussure (MSS.).

This genus is based on a single imperfect male specimen. It is so characteristically different from every other
locust known to me that there can be no doubt as to its distinctness.

Form robust ; head large; antenne heavy, long, and with the joints decidedly flattened on the basal half at
least, possibly as long as the hind femora when complete (they are imperfect in the only specimen at
hand, only about half of the joints remaining). Eyes large and prominent, a little longer than that
portion of the cheeks below them, pointed above, regularly rounded behind and almost straight in front.
Vertex about half as wide as the shortest diameter of the eyes, the fastigium gently depressed in front,
deeply suleate and provided in its anterior part with a median carina, which broadens backwards so as to
form a wedge-like forward projecting arrangement of the occiput; lateral walls high, meeting in front in
less than a right angle; no definite lateral foveole. Face long, strongly oblique, straight when viewed
from the side ; frontal costa suleate throughout and continuous to the clypeus, its lateral carine somewhat
undulate, approaching both above and below the ocellus, slightly widest below. Pronotum short, cylin-
drical ; the front edge straight ; the hind margin above broadly angulate ; sides longer than high; median
carina coarse, percurrent, cut a little back of the middle by the profound last transverse sulcus ; lateral
carine less conspicuous, slightly arcuate, approaching near the middle and also severed by the last, sulcus.
Tegmina a little shorter than the abdomen, the apex broadly rounded, the scapular area narrow and not
regularly reticulate with oblique veins, the discal area irregularly veined even to the apex, which is
likewise somewhat coriaceous. Anterior portion of the wing of the ¢ as large as the rest, broadly and
regularly fenestrate, both edges of this area being much strengthened, reminding one of the elytron of a
male Geanthus. Abdomen short, much slenderer than the anterior portion of the insect, the apex blunt,
plain. Hind femora robust, extending fully one-half their length beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind
tibie: with ten spines in the outer row.

1. Phaneroturis cupido, sp. n. (Tab. I. fig. 17, ¢.)

Phaneroturis cupido, Saussure (MSS.).

General colour pale testaceous with a greenish tinge, the light colour somewhat relieved by the slight darker
line at the upper edge of the sides of the pronotum, the black anterior heavy edges of the wings, and the
dark apex of the hind femora and of the base of the tibis, which latter are entirely infuscated, save a
broad subbasal pale annulus. Antenne infuscated apically.

Length of body, ¢, 12°5; of antennx (approximate) 9, of pronotum 2°4, of tegmina 6, of hind femora
9 millim,

PHANEROTURIS.—CHLOEALTIS. 89

Hab. GuaTEMALA (Mus. Geneva: no. 1082).

This insect is certainly one of the most remarkable that has ever come to the writer’s
notice, and is fully as aberrant for the subfamily to which it belongs as is Scolocephala
mirabilis, Bruner, to be described on a succeeding page. A careful search should be
made for additional specimens and, when found, notes taken regarding their habits,
which, when ascertained, will no doubt prove interesting. The type bears a green
label with a heavy black border, on which is written the locality “ Guatemala.”

[CHLOEALTIS, Harris.
Locusta (Chloéaitis), Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. to Veg. p. 160 (1852); ibid. Flint ed. p. 184 (1863)
(part.).

Chioéaltis, Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 456 (1862) ; Thomas, Ninth Rep. Ins. Illinois,
p. 84 (1880) ; Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 119 (1893) (part.).

Chloéaltis, Morse, Psyche, vii. pp. 327, 419, figg. 11, 1l @ (1896) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. pp. 227, 228 (1896).

Chrysochraon, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 74 (1878) (part.).

Stenobothrus, Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 456 (1862) (nec Fischer) (part.).

Truzalis, Thomas, Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist. 1. p. 61 (1876) (part.).

‘The insects of this genus are naturally confined to the cooler portions of temperate
North America, either by a northern or alpine distribution. Chloéaltis is therefore to
be looked for in alpine regions of Northern Mexico. ‘Two species are known to inhabit
North America.

Table for separating the Species of Chloéaltis.

A‘. Posterior margin of the disc of the pronotum straight; the lateral
lobes in the ¢ black . . . .... we

A’, Posterior margin of the disc of the pronotum obtusely rounded ; the
lateral lobes in the g not black . . . ...... +. . . 2 abdominalis, Thom.

1. conspersa, Harr.

1. Chloealtis conspersa, Harris.
The synonymy of the species is rather extensive and need not be given here. It has

also been described under the additional names of C. abortiva, Harris, and C. melano-
pleurus, Scudder.

Hab. Norra America, from Lake Winnipeg to Texas, and possibly to the northern
tablelands of Mexico.

Not contained in any of the Mexican collections examined.

2. Chloéaltis abdominalis, Thomas.
Chrysochraon abdominalis, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 74 (1873)*; Bruner, Third Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm. p. 55 (1883) ’.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL., April 1904. Ny

90 ~ ORTHOPTERA.

Chlvéaltis abdominalis, Bruner, Canad. Ent. xvii. p. 10 (1885)*; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat.
Sci. vi. p. 229 (1896) ‘; Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 25 (1889) °; Scudd. & Cock. Proc. Dav.
Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 26 (1902) °.

Hab. Norva America }~*, Rocky Mountain region from the far north to Central New

Mexico, and possibly also at suitable localities in Northern Mexico. | |

[NAPAIA, McNeill.

Napaia, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 218, 214 (1897) ; Scudder, Cat. U.S. Orthopt.
p. 25 (1900).
(Eonomus, Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. pp. 47, 48 (1899).

This genus of locusts seems to be confined to the extreme south-western portion of

the United States, and will certainly be found to occur also across the international
boundary-line on Mexican soil. Only a single species is known at present.

1. Napaia gracilis, McNeill. (Tab. I. figg. 2, 2a, 3.)

Napaia gracilis, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 213, 214, t. 2. figg. 6, 6 a-d (1897) *;
Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 25 (1900) *.

Cfonomus alta, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci, xxxv. pp. 47, 48 (1899) *.

Hab. Nort America, Los Angeles (Coquillette), Mt. Wilson, Altadena, California,
at an altitude of 2400 feet (Morse). |

[HORESIDOTES, Scudder.
Horesidotes, Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 49 (1899).

1. Horesidotes cinereus, Scudd.
Horesidotes cinereus, Scudd. loc. cit. pp. 49, 50 (1899) *; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 26 (1900) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Palm Springs, California (A. P. Morse).

It occurred on grasses in dry places in Palm Cafion and West Cafion. ]

MELANOTETTIX, gen. nov.

Closely related to Stenobothrus, from which genus it differs in its members being exceptionally long-legged and.
short-winged. It also approaches Gomphocerus in the structure of the pronotum, but lacks the clavate
antenne.

General build rather robust, the body evenly covered with a fine silken pubescence. Head rounded above,
moderately short back of the eyes, high, as broad above as below. Eyes nearly globular, prominent,
about as long as the cheeks below them. Vertex as wide as the shorter diameter of the eyes, the fastigium
depressed, its lateral walls meeting in front at slightly less than a right angle, gently sulcate, and with a
prominent median carina; lateral foveole triangular, not deeply impressed, longest above. Face gently
oblique and sinuate when viewed from the side, the frontal costa prominent, especially between the
antenne, its sides coarse and parallel to below the ocellus, but divergent beyond and becoming very
heavy at the base of the clypeus, sulcate below the antenne; lateral caring of the face parallel on the
upper two-thirds, divergent below. Antenne heavy, considerably longer than head and thorax together,

MELANOTETTIX.—STENOBOTHRUWS. 91

the joints somewhat flattened. Pronotum a little broader behind than in front, the dise angulate on
the posterior margin, rounded in front; lateral carine slender on the anterior lobe, arcuate and closely
approaching back of the middle, much heavier and greatly diverging on the posterior lobe; sides about
as high as long, the front edge rounded, the posterior edge broadly hollowed out and the lower sinuate,
with a moderately broad, raised, smooth, white patch extending obliquely forward and upward into the
disc from the lower hind corner. Tegmina strongly abbreviated, the costal and dorsal edges broadly
rounded, the latter not quite attingent, the apices somewhat acuminate. Apex of the abdomen short and
blunt; cerci of the ¢ moderately long and slender, directed gently upward and backward, tapering on
the basal half, nearly equal beyond and gently bowed inward; supra-anal plate triangular, about as long
as broad, the apical half gently bent downward. Posterior femora rather long and moderately robust,
extending about one-third of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen, the spines on the inner edge
much longer and heavier than those on the outer row, the latter ten in number.

1. Melanotettix dibelonus, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 16, 16a, 3.)

General colour of the sides of the head, pronotum, pleura, abdomen, legs, and antennew, as well as that of the.
pectus and venter, coal-black. Occiput, dise of pronotum, save a small triangular patch just inside of
the lateral carinze on the hind lobe, and a band of equal width along the dorsum of the abdomen to the
base of the supra-anal plate, brownish-testaceous. Dorsal edges of tegmina pale, with a greenish tinge.
Eyes dull ferruginous. Palpi and the raised oblique smooth patch on the sides of the pronotum white.

Length of body, ¢, 19; of pronotum 4°35, of tegmina 4°75, of hind femora 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero 3500 feet (H. H. Smith).

A single male, captured in the month of October.

A very peculiar locust. Judging from its general obscure colouring, if not a denizen
of the forest, it must be confined in its distribution to shady localities. It would be
interesting to see the other sex, and also to know more definitely about the haunts of
the species and the probable cause of the peculiar black tint.

[STENOBOTHRUS, Fischer.

Stenobothrus, Fischer, Orthopt. Eur. p. 313 (1843); Brunner, Prodrom. Eur. Orthopt. p. 100 (1882);
Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 122 (1893); Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 327, fig. 12 (1896).

Gomphocerus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 93 (1878) (part.).

Gomphocerus, Bolivar, Orthopt. de Esp. p. 107 (1876).

Chorthippus, Fieber, and Gryllus and Acridium, auct.

This genus, which is so extensive in the eastern, is but poorly represented in the
western hemisphere. Of the three or four forms found in North America but one is
likely to occur in our region, viz. S. curtipennis. _

1. Stenobothrus curtipennis, Harris.

Locusta curtipennis, Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass. p. 56 (1835) *.

Locusta (Chloéaltis) curtipennis, Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. to Veg. p. 184, t. 3. fig. 1 (1862) ’; Rathv.
Rep. U.S. Comm. Agr. 1862, p. 368, fig. 28°.

Stenobothrus curtipennis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 456 (1862) *; Walk. Cat. Dermapt.
Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 754 (1870) °; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 91 (1873) °; McNeill, |
Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 261 (1897) ’.

Nw 2

92 ; ORTHOPTERA.

Stenobothrus longipennis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 456 (1862)°; Walk. Cat. Dermapt.
Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 754 (1860) *; Morse, Psyche, vii. pp. 14, 104 (1894) ”°.
Stenobothrus coloradensis, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 260, 262-263, t. 5. figg. 25,
25 a, b (1897)*.
Hab. Nortu America!—!!, to 40° latitude and beyond, from the Atlantic Ocean to

the Rocky Mountains, southward only at higher elevations, becoming subalpine in
New Mexico.

Not contained in any of the Mexican collections.
This insect is common on low, wet meadows over a much more extended region

than is generally supposed. Possibly the other recognized American species inhabit
similar localities. |

GOMPHOCERUS, Thunb.

Gomphocerus, Thunberg, Mém. Acad. Pétersb. v. p. 221 (1815) ; Serv. Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt.
p. 754 (1839); Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 93 (1873); Bolivar, Orthopt. Esp. pp. 100, 107
(1876) (part.); Brunner, Prodrom. Eur. Orthopt. p. 128 (1882) ; and others.

The known representatives of this genus are, for the most part, confined to the
Oriental regions, particularly northward, and in the mountain districts of Middle and
Southern Europe. In America there are three or four recognized species which are
still referred to it. ‘Two of these have been taken in places not very remote from the
northern boundary of Mexico. ‘The collections before me contain a single specimen
of an undescribed species coming from Cuernavaca, in the State of Morelos, Mexico.
Undoubtedly, the mountain-regions bordering the plateaux of the intervening country
will disclose others when carefully investigated. This new form, together with the

two known North-American species already referred to, may be distinguished by
the subjoined analytical Table :—

Table for separating the Species of Gomphocerus.
A. Fastigium of the vertex decidedly angulate and provided with profound
lateral foveole. Posterior femora slender.

6’. Antennz, even of the 2 (those of the ¢ always relatively much
longer), equal in length to the head and thorax combined.
Fastigium of the vertex in the § somewhat acute. [Plains.]

c’. Larger (length 17-19 millim.). The anterior tibie of ¢ not
decidedly expanded apically woe ee ee
c’. Smaller (length 14-15 millim.), The anterior tibie of 3 slightly
expanding apically, and somewhat sulcate externally. . . . [2. clavatus, Thom. ]
b°, Antenne shorter, in the ¢ about equalling the combined length of
the head and pronotum. Fastigium of the vertex more obtuse, a

[1. clepsydra, Scudd.]

GOMPHOCERUS. 93

right angle (3) or greater (?). The anterior tibiz rather heavy
apically. [Alpine.] toe ee ee
A’®, Fastigium of the vertex rounded and with the lateral foveolz obscure.
Posterior femora robust . . 2. . . 6 6 ee «© es . « 4 meridionalis, sp. n.

[3. charpenterii, Thom. |

[1. Gomphocerus clepsydra, Scudder.
Gomphocerus clepsydra, Scudd. in Dawson’s Rep. Geol. 49th Par. p. 344 (1875)'; Rep. Chief
Eng. p. 506 (1876)’; Bruner, Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. p. 56 (1883)*°; McNeill, Proc.

Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 266 (1897) *.

Gomphocerus euterpe (Dodge, MSS.), Bruner, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 144 (1877) °; Third Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm. p. 56 (1888) °.

Gomphocerus antennaria (Scudder, MSS.), McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 266 (1897) 7,

Hab. Norta AmeErica!-’, plains of the Saskatchewan to New Mexico and Texas.

An insect occurring at moderate elevations. |

(2. Gomphocerus clavatus, Thomas.

Gomphocerus clavatus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 96 (1873)'; Bruner, Third Rep. U.S.
Ent. Comm. p. 56 (1883)*; Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 22 (1893) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav.
Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 265, fig. 27 (1897) *.

Hab. North America !~4,

This insect has much the same distribution as the preceding, but frequents somewhat:
different localities. ]

[3. Gomphocerus charpenterii, Thomas.

Gomphocerus charpenterii, Thomas, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ser. 1, no. 2, p. 65 (1874)';
Glover, Illustr. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 16. fig. 8 (1874)°; Scudd. Apalachia, viii, t. 41.
fige. 1, 2 (1898) *.

Stenobothrus charpenterii, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 251 (1876) *.

Hab. Norta America!4, Rocky Mountain region from the northern boundary of

the United States southward into New Mexico.

Unlike the two preceding species, this locust appears to be strictly alpine in its
distribution, occurring from 8000 to 13,000 feet above sea-level. It is found at various
widely isolated localities on mountain peaks and high plateaux. |

‘

4, Gomphocerus meridionalis, sp. n.

A moderately robust insect, with long, heavy hind femora. General colour brownish-cinereous, streaked with
testaceous and varied with fuscous and black.

Head a trifle wider than the front edge of the pronotum; occiput on the same level with the disc of the
pronotum, somewhat rugose and provided with a percurrent median carina; fastigium short, blunt, and
furnished in front with low, coarse carine which are evenly curved; lateral foveole inconspicuous,
elongate-oval or elliptical; frontal costa rather prominent, evenly divergent below, the surface gently

94 ORTHOPTERA.

depressed in the vicinity of the ocellus, rather coarsely punctate throughout. Face only slightly oblique,
when viewed from the side broadly rounded. Pronotum a little broader behind than in front, the sides
somewhat compressed ; lateral carine rather faint at the point where they approach closest ; front edge
rounded, hind edge broadly angulate. Tegmina abbreviate, about two-fifths the length of the abdomen.
Hind femora heavy at the base, reaching slightly beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hind tibie heavy, with
long, coarse spines and claws.

Brownish-cinereous, heavily blotched with fuscous. Lateral caring and a raised elongate streak near the
middle of the sides of the pronotum, an oblique narrow line on the metapleura, and another but perpen-
dicular one just before the insertion of the hind femora, white. Occiput and disc of the pronotum with
an equal, black-bordered, testaceous stripe; the lower edges of the sides of the latter also more or less
testaceous. Abdomen also with a paler dorsal stripe. Venter and lower side of thorax yellowish. Insect
otherwise generally obscured with irregular, coalescing blotches of brownish-fuscous. The hind femora
without very decided bands, but generally mottled with brownish colouring. Tegmina flecked with dusky
along the discal and dorsal fields.

Length of body, 2, 22; of pronotum 4, of tegmina 6, of hind femora 13°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (C. C. Deam).

A single female specimen, captured in January. It is without antenne, but the
blunt vertex and much heavier hind femora at once distinguish the insect from the
North-American forms. The species is not represented in the ‘ Biologia’ collection.

BOOPEDON, Thomas.

Gryllus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. iv. p. 808 (1825) (part.); Ent. N. Amer., ed. Lec. ii.
p. 237 (1859). :

Bodpedon, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming, pp. 265, 272 (1871); Syn. Acrid.
N. Amer. p. 141, t. fig. 11 (1873); Bruner, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 144 (1877); Scudder,
Genera and Class. N. Amer. Orthopt. p. 29 (1897); McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi.
p: 24 (1897).

Judging from the material before me, it seems probable that the true home of the
genus Bodpedon is the semiarid plateau regions of Mexico. Several of the well-known
forms have, it is true, been described from localities outside that district, but most of
them come from its immediate borders. Like the representatives of the allied genera,
the individuals of several species vary considerably in coloration and also, to some
extent, in wing-length. In localities where found, these insects are restricted to certain
isolated areas, but are by no means rare, this restriction depending apparently upon some
peculiar physical condition of the soil, and perhaps also on the kind of vegetation
present. Several of them appear to be more or less gregarious in their habits.

The species known at present together with those now described may be recognized
by the subjoined table :—

Table for separating the Species of Bodpedon.

A’, Pronotum with the last transverse sulcus situated about the middle.
Head large, smooth, rounded. Tegmina and wings of the ¢
nearly or quite equalling the abdomen in length, those of the 9
abbreviated, acuminate. ¢, for the most part, black or blackish.

BOOPEDON.

6". Hind femora distinctly banded, both internally and externally.

Hind tibiz reddish, 14-15-spined in the outer row, the inner |

apical spurs very unequal.

c’. § sometimes uniformly fuliginous, but usually yellow varied
with brown. [Plains east of the Rocky Mountains. ]

c’. 2 dark, shining, almost uniform ferruginous; lower angles
of face, sides of labrum, and tips of tegmina black. [Same
locality as preceding.]. . .- wee ee ee

6°. Hind femora usually uniformly fuscous or deep fuliginous.
Hind tibiz infuscated, 10-11-spined in the outer row, and
with the inner apical spurs not very unequal. [Arizona and
probably the adjoining portions of Mexico. ]

A’, Pronotum with the last transverse sulcus situated distinctly
behind the middle. Head variable in shape, but generally more
angulate. Tegmina greatly abbreviated, and with their apices
usually rounded or but slightly pointed in both sexes. ¢ nearly
or quite as light-coloured as the 9.

b'. Hind femora long and slender. Hind tibiz with more numerous
(18-15) spines in the outer row. Sides and posterior edges
of the pronotum light-coloured.

c'. General colour brownish, varied with black above, lighter
beneath. Hind femora obscurely banded. Hind tibize
dull-coloured, with 13 spines in the outer row. [Prairies
of Eastern Nebraska and Kansas. | . .

c?. General colour testaceous, varied with orange, fuscous, and
black. Hind femora conspicuously banded. Hind tibie
red on the apical half, with 15 spines in the outer row.
Abdomen of ¢ orange-red above. [Arkansas and Texas.] .

b?. Hind femora short and comparatively robust. Hind tibiz with
fewer (10-11) spines in the outer row. Sides of the pronotum
with their lower edge bordered with testaceous or light colour.

c'. Rather large and robust. General colour very dark fuscous
or fuliginous. Face, the lower lateral edge of the pronotum
narrowly, and the lower edge of the hind femora, light-
coloured. [Tepic, Mexico. ] See ee

c?. Smaller. General colour testaceous. Top of head and disc
of pronotum dark fuscous, the sides of the latter above, and
the hind femora with the knees and a broad preapical band,
black. [Western Mexico.]. . . .

{1. Boopedon flavofasciatum, Thomas.

95

[1. flavofasciatum, Thom. ]

[2. nubilum, Say. ]

3. fuscum, sp. n.

[4. savannarum, sp. n. |

[5. auriventris, McNeill. |

6. diabolicum, sp. n.

7. flaviventris, sp. n.

Bodpedon flavofasciatum, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, p. 84’; Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Terr. ii. p. 273 (1871) 7; Glover, Illustr. N. Amer. Ins., Orthopt. t. 8. fig. 10 (1872) *;

96 ORTHOPTERA.

Bruner, Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. p. 58 (1883) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi.
p. 251 (1887) °. .
Hab. Norra America 1-5, from Montana to Texas, on the plains and foot-hills along
the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains.

Not represented in the collections seen from Mexico, but probably occurring in the

section bordering the Rio Grande. |

[2. Boopedon nubilum, Say. |

Gryllus nubilus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. iv. p. 308 (1825) *; Ent. N. Amer., ed. Lee. ii.
p. 237 (1859) *.

Boépedon nubilum, Thomas, Prelim. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming, pp. 265, 272 (1871)°; Syn.
N. Amer. Acrid. p. 141, tab. fig. 11 (1873) *; Bruner, Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. p. 58
(1883) °; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 250, t. 4. figg. 20, 20a, 6 (1897) °.

Bodpedon nigrum, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, pp. 83, 84”.

Hab. Nortu America 1-7,

This species has a very similar distribution to the preceding, and possibly is not
distinct from it, the two forms being much closer in their structural characters than
any of the others, as will be seen by a reference to the above synoptic Table. |

3. Boopedon fuscum, sp. n.

This insect, as the name indicates, is of a uniform blackish-brown or brownish-black colour throughout. The
only variation from this obscure tint, at least in the specimens at hand, seems to be a slight pale area
about the mouth, on the tarsi beneath, and a faint replacement of the uniform dusky hue by a reddish
tinge on the hind tibie.

General build of the @ short, robust, and without many sharp ridges, deep grooves, depressions, or decided
angles; the surface, for the. most part, smooth and moderately glossy or polished. The ¢ more slender,
and provided with some of the features mentioned as lacking in the 9. Head a little broader than the
front edge of the pronotum; in the 2 robust, smooth, shining, without fastigial sulcus, lateral foveole,
or median carina, all of which, however, are slightly indicated in the ¢; frontal costa very broad, smooth
and well-rounded, shading into the face just below the ocellus. Antenne slightly longer than the head
and pronotum together. Pronotum without lateral carine, the surface more or less polished, although
quite strongly and coarsely punctured and furnished with fine tortuous ruge; last transverse sulcus cutting
the coarse median carina at its middle; anterior edge straight, the posterior edge broadly rounded or
subangulate. Tegmina and wings reaching the base of the supra-anal plate ( ¢), or only half as long as
the abdomen (9? ), with the apex rounded in the former and acuminate in the latter. Hind femora
robust, of medium length, but surpassing the apex of the abdomen in both sexes. Hind tibie with 10-11
spines in the outer row. Tip of abdomen of the ¢ blunt and strongly upturned.

Length of body, ¢ 20, 2 80-34; of pronotum, ¢ 5, 9 8; of tegmina, g 11, 9 12; of hind femora,
3 12:5, 2 20 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Nogales and Phoenix, Arizona (R. H. Kunze; J. G. Lemmon).
—?CrntraL America (coll. Calif. Acad. Sct.).

Although the specimens described are very similar in general appearance and
structure to both B. nubilum and B. flavofasciatum, there seems to be sufficient

BOOPEDON. 97

difference between them to warrant their separation. The locality “Central America ”
is most likely due to an error in labelling, the insect in question probably coming from
Northern Mexico or Arizona.

[4. Boopedon savannarum, sp. n.

A long-legged, short-winged, slender insect, most closely related to B. auriventris, McNeill, but differing from
that species in its more uniform, darker colour, the more slender hind femora, and the greater inequality
of the inner apical spurs of the hind tibia.

Head large and smooth, broader than the front edge of the pronotum ; vertex between the eyes as wide as (<¢),
or a little wider than (?), the smaller diametor of one of them, very shallowly sulcate, and provided
with blunt lateral walls and median carina, the lateral foveolz lacking; face rather oblique in both
sexes; frontal costa very broad and fading into the face just below the ocellus, scarcely or not at all
suleate. Antenne slender, longer than the head and pronotum together, in the ¢ reaching the tips of
the closed tegmina. Pronotum short, not much longer than the head, with the hind and front edges
of about equal width, very gently contracted in the middle; lateral carine distinct, arcuate, approaching
most nearly in advance of the middle; median carina distinct, cut back of its middle by the last trans-
verse sulcus; lateral lobes high, the anterior and posterior edges oblique and converging below, the lower
edge evenly rounded; hind and front edges of the disc very broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings
abbreviated in both sexes—those of the ? scarcely reaching the apex of the second abdominal segment,
subacuminate at the tips, and with their dorsal edges hardly touching; those of the ¢ reaching the apex
of the third segment and with their tips evenly rounded, their dorsal edges slightly overlapping. Hind

‘femora compressed, long and slender, extending considerably beyond the abdomen in both sexes ;
hind tibiz provided with 13 spines in the outer row, the inner apical spurs very unequal in length, the
inner one quite straight and more than double as long as the outer.

General colour above greyish-brown, varied with light testaceous and black. - Face and lower side dirty
greyish-white. Sides of the pronotum glossy black, with their front edge, the dagger-shaped streak
commencing just above the base of the anterior femora and directed upwards and diagonally backwards
to a point near the junction of the lateral carinw, and the back edge of the pronotum itself, yellowish-
white. Hind femora below and above testaceous, the outer face grey-brown, but without definite bands,
internally with median and postmedian bands, the apices also obscure; tibiz with a broad pale annulus
followed by a dark one, below this dull reddish, the tarsi infuscated. Antenne reddish-ferruginous on
the basal half, becoming darker apically.

Length of body, 3 23, 2 34; of pronotum, ¢ 4:25, 2 6; of tegmina, ¢ 7, 9 8; of hind femora, ¢ 15,

@ 22 millim.

Hab. Norru America, Central and Eastern Nebraska (Bruner).

Found on sand-hills and prairies. |

(5. Boopedon auriventris, McNeill.
Boépedon auriventris, McNeill, Canad. Ent. xxxi. pp. 54, 55 (1899)’; Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt.
p. 27 (1900) *.
Boépedon saltator, Sauss. (MSS.) *.
Hab. Norta America !~*, Arkansas southward into Texas and perhaps into Mexico.

A specimen before me belonging to the Geneva Museum, from Texas (Boll), is
labelled with the MS. name of Bodpedon saltator, Sauss. This insect is most nearly
allied to B. savannarum, which is found much further northward. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, Aprid 1904. Oo

98 ORTHOPTERA.

6. Boopedon diabolicum, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 21, 21a, 2.)

Rather large and robust, with the face, and the underside and the lower edges of the sides of the pronotum,
dirty white, the general colour being dark fuscous or fuliginous. The tegmina lateral, very short, reaching
only to the apex of the second abdominal segment, their dorsal edges not touching, and their apices
bluntly acuminate. Wings very short.

Head large and broader than the front edge of the pronotum; occiput bulging and ascending above the plane
of the pronotum; eyes small, not prominent, acuminate above, their front edge nearly straight, about as
long as the cheek below them; vertex between the eyes a little wider than their shortest diameter, the
fastigium gently sulcate, furnished with a faint median carina and bounded at the sides and in front by
blunt carine that meet in a right angle, in front and behind immediately over the apex of the eyes making
a short turn inward where they terminate, the lateral foveole plainly visible from above, elongate ; frontal
costa prominent, smooth, a little depressed at the ocellus. Antenne slender, nearly as long as the head
and pronotum together. The latter about as wide in front as behind, gently compressed in the middle ;
median carina narrow, but moderately elevated and almost equally prominent throughout, cut by the last
transverse sulcus about one-third of its length from the hind edge; lateral carina well-defined on the
front edge of the anterior lobe, but gradually fading so as to be entirely obliterated at the last transverse
sulcus; the portions of the surface on the sides of the anterior and posterior lobes punctate and granulate,
that on the latter more finely and closely; anterior and posterior edges nearly truncate. Tegmina and
wings very much abbreviated, especially the latter. Hind femora somewhat robust, about reaching the
tip of the abdomen; tibize with 11 spines in the outer row.

In addition to the colour as described above, this insect has the basal half of the antenne ferruginous and the
apical portion infuscated. The hind tibiz are infuscated above and apically, while below and internally
they are testaceous or ferruginous, this latter tint gradually passing into dusky and “ shining through ”
in certain lights.

Length of body, 2, 36; of antenne 12, of pronotum 7°6, of tegmina 7, of hind femora 20 millim.

| Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Gustav Eisen, in coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

A single specimen.

7. Boopedon flaviventris, sp. n.

Of rather small size, but fairly robust in stature. General colour light testaceous or dirty yellowish-white
below, darker dorsally. Top of the head and the disc of the pronotum dark fuscous; sides of the latter
above, and also the knees and a broad preapical band on the hind femora, black.

Head somewhat broader than the front edge of the pronotum ; occiput rounded, slightly ascending above the
plane of the pronotum; face moderately oblique, when viewed from the side slightly arcuate, more
distinctly so in the ¢ ; vertex nearly as wide as('), or a trifle wider than ( ? ), the shortest diameter of
the eyes, deeply sulcate, the lateral carine meeting in front in a little less than a right angle, the median
carina inconspicuous in the ¢, nearly obliterated in the 2, the lateral foveole comprised of a number
of confluent coarse punctures, visible from above. Pronotum as wide in front as behind, somewhat
contracted in the middle ; the median carina not prominent, cut back of the middle by the last transverse
sulcus; lateral caring present as rounded shoulders, and followed above by a narrow pale line; both the
anterior and posterior margins of the disc broadly rounded, the latter coarsely granulate along with
the sides, the rugosities tending to form transverse wrinkles. Tegmina and wings abbreviated; the
tegmina of the ? lateral, with their dorsal edges not attingent, rounded at the apex, and reaching
the tip of the second abdominal segment, those of the ¢ two-thirds the length of the abdomen and
overlapping above. Hind femora rather slender in the 2, more robust in the d, surpassing the tip of
the abdomen in both sexes. Tibi: with 11 spines in the outer row ; internal apical spurs subequal,

Top of the head, the disc of the prothorax, and the tegmina dark fuscous, the latter with brown veins, making
them appear somewhat lighter. The cavities about the base of the antenne, a narrow band on the sides
of the head back of the eyes, the hind border of the latter, the grooves about the labrum, clypeus, and
mandibles, a rather broad band along the upper portion of the sides of the pronotum, and the pleura,
black. The lateral bands bordered with a testaceous band, which extends backwards from the upper

BOOPEDON.—PLECTROTETTIX. 99

apex of each eye to the pronotum, where it marks the position of the lateral carina to the hind margin
of the same. Abdomen, above and at the tip, infuscated. Hind femora testaceous, with two complete
internal bands, and one and part of a second externally ; the apex, and the base of the tibiz also, black.
The latter with a broad, pale, basal annulus, followed by a dusky patch shading into red apically.

Length of body, ¢ 21, 9 27; of antenne, ¢ 125, 2 11; of pronotum, ¢ 4:5, @ 56; of tegmina,
3 85, 2 5; of hind femora, ¢ 18, 9 17 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Durango or Sinaloa (Forrer: ¢ ), Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences: 3 ).

In its general appearance this insect approaches some of the Stetheophyme of the
Oriental region, but certainly belongs to the genus Bodpedon as at present accepted.

PLECTROTETTIX, McNeill.

Stenobothrus (Plectrophorus), Saussure, MSS.

Stenobothrus (Rammatocerus), Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 817 (1861).

Scyllina, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 94 (1878) (part.).

Piectrophorus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 251, t. 4. figg. 21 a—-c (1897).

Plectrotettiz, McNeill, Psyche, viii. p. 71 (1897) ; Scudder, Gen. N. Am. Orthopt. p. 29 (1897) ;
Psyche, viii. p. 238 (1898) ; Cat. N. Am. Orthopt. pp. 27, 95 (1900).

Until specimens of Scyllina peragrans, Stél, can be examined and compared with
the various species now before the writer, it is a difficult matter to state definitely the
relationship which exists between the various forms. Perhaps there are two, or even
three, distinct genera represented amongst the material now at hand. If so, they are
very closely related and shade imperceptibly one into another. For the present the
best course is to leave all the species with which we are now concerned under
Plectrotettix, with the synonymy suggested by the subdivisions of the following
Table *.

Table for separating the Species of Plectrotettix and others of the Scyllina-group f.

A’. Tegmina less densely reticulate, the post-radial area provided
with two rows of cells and an intercalary vein; frontal costa
not especially tumescent ; anterior and posterior lobes of the
pronotum subequal in length. . . . ..... =. . ([Scynurna, Stal.]

* That of Scyllina and Pseudostawronotus would work out as follows :—

SCYLLINA, Stal.
Gomphocerus (Epacromia), Stal, Freg. Eug. Resa, Ins., Orthopt. p. 343 (1860).
Scyllina, Stil, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 94, 112 (1873) ; Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 123 (1893).
PSEUDOSTAURONOTOUS, Brunner.

Pseudostauronotus, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 123 (1893) ; Giglio-Tos, Zool. Jahrb. viii. p. 808 (1894) ;
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897).

+ Without doubt Gryllus cyanipes, Fabr. [Syst. Ent. p. 292 (1775)], belongs to this group, but the

description is so brief that it would apply equally well to any one of four or five of the forms tabulated by me.

Then, too, his reference ‘Habitat in America” is indefinite, as both North and South America possess

representatives of this section.
Oo 2

100 ORTHOPTERA.

b'. Hind tibie provided with 12 spines in the outer row.
[ Antilles and Eastern South America. ]
c’. Hind tibie for the most part red. Insects rather small.
da‘, Tibiz with apical fourth bluish. [Islands of St.
Thomas and Hayti.] Loe ee
d’. Tibiz wholly red. [Pernambuco, Brazil.].
c’. Hind tibiz brownish-purple. Insects larger. [Southern
Brazil} 2. 2. 2. 1 ee ee ee
b°. Hind tibie? [West Coast of Ecuador, Island of Puna. |
A’, Tegmina more densely veined, in advance of the middle
closely reticulate, the post-radial area densely and irregu-
larly reticulate and without an intercalary vein ; frontal
costa tumescent ; posterior lobe of the pronotum longer
than the anterior.
b’. Hind tibize with 9-12 spines in the outer row ; the inner
claw more than twice as long as the outer, straight on
the basal half or two-thirds. [South America.] . .
c’. Hind tibize provided with fewer spines (9-11) in the
outer row. Size moderate.
a’. Tegmina irregularly marked with rather small dark
blotches. Hind tibize pale, with the apical third
bluish . . .
a’, Tegmina more regularly marked with larger spots.
Hind tibiz not blue-tipped.
e’. Largely green, or with the hind tibie and the
lower sulcus of the femora red. Hind tibie with
9 spines in the outer row . Loe
*, Largely brown and testaceous ; hind tibiee testa-
ceous, the lower sulcus of the hind femora deep
blue. Hund tibize with 10 spines in the outer
row. [Brazil and Paraguay. |.

c*. Hind tibize with 12 spines in the outerrow. Size large. .

[Paraguay.} . . . . . 2. ee soe ee
6*. Hind tibize with 13-16 spines in the outer row, the inner
claw not more than twice as long as the outer, gently
bowed from the base. [Mexico and Central America
and ?California.] . . . . 2... se oe
c’. Insects variable in colour, but never in great part green
or testaceous. Tegmina with the dark and light
markings occupying most of the wing.
d’, Hind tibiz at the base reddish-yellow, the apical third
bluish, usually with 14 spines in the outer row.
Hind femora very seldom crossed above by dusky
bands. {Hastern Mexico.] . .......,

[gregarius, Sauss. |
[ pratensis, sp. n.|

[brasiliensis, sp. n.]
[ peragrans, Stal. ]

[ PssupostavRonotvs, Brunner ?]

[conspersus, sp. n.]

[pictus, Bruner. |

[drunneri, Gig].-Tos.]

[dorellii, Gig].-Tos.]

Piectrotertix, McNeill.

l. viatorius, Sauss.

PLECTROTETTIX. 101

d’, Hind tibiz with the basal portion flavous, the apical
third but faintly bluish, usually with 15, and some-
times 16, spines in the outer row. Upper edge of
the hind femora crossed by dusky bands. [S. Mexico

and Central America.}. . . . . . 2. calidus, sp. n.
*, Tegmina with the dark and light markings mostly confined
to the disc.

d’, Hind femora with the lower edge red, the hind tibiz
also mostly of this colour. [Oaxaca.] . . . . . 8. nobilis, Walk.
dad’, Hind femora with the lower edge blue or testaceous,
the hind tibiz for the most part purplish or testaceous.
e’. Insect in great part green. The mottlings in the
disc of the tegmina rather irregular. [Central
plateau of S. Mexico.]. . . 2 2. 1 we ee 4 excelsus, sp. n.
e’. Insects largely testaceous.
jf’. Larger. The disc of the tegmina black, crossed by
a few white blotches. Hind tibie on the apical
half bluish-tinted. [Orizaba.] . . . . . . 5. macneilli, sp. n.
f?. Smaller. The disc of the tegmina scarcely crossed
by white blotches. Hind tibiz uniformly luteous.
[California?] . . 2. . 2 . . ww we ©) «66. patrie, Seudd.]

1. Plectrotettix viatorius, Sauss.

Stenobothrus (Rhammatocerus) viatorius, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. xi. p. 317 (1861) '.

-Stenobothrus viatorius, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 756 (1870) °; Thomas, Syn.
Acrid. N. Amer. p. 206 (1873) *.

Scyllina viatoria, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 112 (1873)*; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ.
Towa, iii. pt. 3, p. 64 (1895) °.

Plectrophorus viatorius, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 252, 253, t. 4. figg. 21, 21 a—-c
(1897) °.

Plectrotettia viatorius, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 95 (1900) ’.

Hab. Mexico 1, eastern slope.

This insect is exceedingly common in some portions of Eastern Mexico, where it at
times becomes a pest to cultivated crops. Saussure’s type, a female, is before me as I
write. Although quite variable in colour, the species is readily separable from the
other forms by the characters mentioned in the synoptic table.

2. Plectrotettix calidus, sp. n.

This form is variable in colour, but is never in great part green or testaceous. It differs from P. viatorius,
its nearest ally, in the larger size, the comparatively longer hind femora and wings, and the generally
darker coloration; the hind femora have the upper edge, as well as the outer disc, crossed by dusky
bands; and the hind tibie, as a rule, are also provided with one or two more spines in the outer row—
the number varying from 14-16, instead of 13 or 14.

102 ORTHOPTERA.

Length of body, g 31-33, 9 40-43; of pronotum, ¢ 5, 9 7-7°5; of tegmina, ¢ 28, 9 35; of hind femora,
3 22, 2 36°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos and also in Guerrero (O. W. Barrett) ;
Nicaragua (Shimek); Costa Rica (Bruner, Biolley).

3. Plectrotettix nobilis, Walk.

Stenobothrus nobilis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. v., Suppl. p. 79 (1871)?; Thomas,
Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 209 (1878) ?.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca! 2.

While no specimens of this particular locust occur in the material before me, I have

no doubt but that it belongs to the present genus. It seems to be nearly related ‘to
P. viatorius.

4. Plectrotettix excelsus, sp. n.

A medium-sized, rather robust species, with the light parts prevailingly green, and the anterior lobe of the
pronotum but little more than one-half the length of the hind lobe. The dark patch on the side of the
pronotum not arcuate and confined wholly to the anterior lobe. The tegmina, in the two specimens
before me, on the dorsal edges are uniformly cinereous, except near the base, where they are tinged with
green, Hind femora with the dusky bands crossing the disc of the outer face and upper edge. Tegmina
and wings only a trifle surpassing the tips of the hind femora; the latter with the lower sulcus and the

inner face in great part bluish ; the tibize testaceous basally, becoming blue-tinted apically, 13-spined in
the outer row.

Length of body, 9, 33-35; of pronotum 6, of tegmina 29-30, of hind femora 21 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Tlalpam and Tacubaya (0. W. Barrett, in coll. L. Bruner).

~ Two females.

5. Plectrotettix macneilli, sp.n. (Tab. I. figg. 12, 12a, b.)

Slightly smaller than P. viatorius, and at once recognizable by its testaceous and black colouring, as shown on
the Plate. The other differences are set forth in the synoptical table for the separation of the species.

Length of body, ¢ 24, 9 33; of pronotum, ¢ 45, 9 6; of tegmina, ¢ 23-24, 2 30; of hind femora,
3 17°5, 9 22 millim. .

Hab. Mexico, Orizaba (H. H. Smith & Godman; L. Bruner).

Numerous examples.

(6. Plectrotettix patriz, Scudd.
Plectrotettiz patria, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. pp. 27, 95, 96, t. 3. fig. 2 (1900) °.
Hab. Norta America ?, California (coll. Scudder). |

[EUPNIGODES, McNeill.

Pnigodes, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 266, t. 6. fig. 28 (1896) (nomen preocc.).
Eupnigodes, McNeill, Psyche, viii. p. 71 (1897).

EUPNIGODES.—ZAPATA. 103

This genus, which is closely related to the next, so far as known to the writer, is
represented by a single species. It is found in California and possibly also in the
adjoining portions of Mexico.

1. Kupnigodes megacephala, McNeill.
Pnigodes megacephala, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. t. 6. figg. 28 a, 6, p. 267 (1897)".
Eupnigodes megacephala, McNeill, Pysche, vill. p. 71 (1897) *; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 27
(1900) °.
Hab. North America, Yuba and Butte Counties, California 1~° (coll. U.S. Nat.
Mus.).| |

ZAPATA, gen. nov.

Related to Hupnigodes and Ageneotettiv, as well as to Aulocara, but differing from all of them in several
respects. The single species at hand has the hind tibie red in the ? and glaucous in the ¢ (?), short
tegmina, with broadly rounded apex, and a short, scarcely constricted pronotum.

Head short, broad, rounded, slightly wider than the front edge of the pronotum. Eyes subglobular, quite
prominent in the ¢, less so in the 9, nearly as long as (2), or a trifle longer than (3), that portion of
the cheeks below them; vertex depressed, profoundly sulcate, the lateral carinee meeting in front in less
than a right angle, the lateral foveole visible from above, about twice ( ¢ ) or one and one-half times (9 )
as long as the greatest width, subtriangular, plainest in the ¢; frontal costa sulcate in the ¢ and with
the sides nearly parallel, in the 2 scarcely at all suleate and with the sides considerably divergent below
the ocellus; face, viewed in profile, broadly rounded and subperpendicular in the 2, moderately oblique
and nearly straight in the ¢. Pronotum short, broad, only gently constricted at the middle, the anterior
lobe nearly twice as long as the posterior; lateral carine nearly obliterated, median carina faint but
visible throughout; anterior and posterior edges nearly straight, the latter slightly rounded, sides a little
deeper than long; last transverse sulcus profound, almost straight, the others less prominent and
somewhat tortuous. Tegmina abbreviate, lobate, the apex broadly rounded and the dorsal edges just
about touching. Hind femora moderately heavy, about reaching ( 9 ) or considerably surpassing ( d ) the
tip of the abdomen. Hind tibie with nine spines in the outer row; the inner apical spurs very unequal,
those of the ¢ more decidedly so.

1. Zapata brevipennis, sp. n. (Aulocara brevipennis, Tab. I. figg. 22, 22 a, 2 .)
General colour dull wood-brown, above with a slight indication on the tegmina of scattered fuscous dots, below
paler. Hind femora testaceous, crossed above and on the inner face with a median and post-median
dusky band, apex and base of the tibie also dark; the latter red, a little paler basally. In the ¢ the
sides of the pronotum are broadly black on the front lobe, less so on the hind lobe, the dark colour being
greatly narrowed towards the hind margin ; the hind tibie glaucous (instead of red); and the median
dusky band of the femora appearing on the outer face as an oblique patch.
Length of body, d 11:5, 2 17; of pronotum, ¢ 2, 9 3; of tegmina, f 3°25, 2 4:5; of hind femora, ¢ 8,
© 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Lerdo in Durango, Camacho in Zacatecas (LZ. Bruner).

One male and one female, both captured in November. It is barely possible that
these two insects belong to distinct species and to different genera as well. If this
should prove to be the case, the male might readily be referred to the genus Aulocara,
where it could bear the same specific name. The female insect is the one that has
been kept in mind as the type of the genus Zapata.

104 ORTHOPTERA.

PSOLOESSA, Scudder.

Psoloessa, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 512 (1875) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad.
Nat. Sci. vi. p. 272 (1897).
Stirapleura, McNeill, loc. cit. pp. 271, 272 (part.).

The insects belonging to the present genus are all confined to the semiarid regions
of the South-western United States and the adjoining portions of Mexico. The eggs
of at least two of the species normally hatch late in the autumn, and the nymphs live
through the winter beneath dead grass and other débris. These hibernating insects
mature early in the following spring, and are among the earliest locusts of the year.

Table for separating the Species of Psoloessa.

A’, Lateral foveole of the vertex about twice as long as broad. The
face, even in the ?, rather strongly oblique . . . . . . . ([1. texana, Scudd.]
A’, Lateral foveole of the vertex less than twice as long as broad.
The face, at least in the ?, only slightly oblique.
b’. Anterior half of the tegmina infuscated by the extension of the
post-ocular brown band. Triangular brown spots on the upper
face of the posterior femora not very distinct . . . . . 2. buddiana, Brun.
6°. Anterior half of the tegmina not infuscated by the extension of
the post-ocular brown band. Triangular brown spots on the
upper face of the posterior femora sharply defined and very

distinct.
ce’. Tegmina thickly and rather evenly maculate throughout,
except in the scapular area, ash-brown. . . . . . . . [8. maculipennis, Scudd.]
ce’. Tegmina plain, reddish-brown. . . . . . . . . . . [4 ferruginea, Scudd.]

[1. Psoloessa texana, Scudd.
Psoloessa texana, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 512 (1875) *; Cent. Orthopt. p. 24
(1879) *.
Stirapleura texana, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 272, t. 6. fig. 30c (1897) *.
Hab. Norty America, Texas, California !~°.]

2. Psoloessa buddiana, Bruner. (Tab. I. figg. 8, 8 a, 2.)
Psoloessa buddiana, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 61, t. 1. fig. 6 (1889) *; McNeill, Proc.
Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 273, 274 (1897) ?.

Hab. Nort America, Dimmit County, Texas (coll. Bruner), Arizona (Dunn, in coll.
Bruner).—MeExico (Bruner), Montelovez in Coahuila (coll. Scudder).

[3. Psoloessa maculipennis, Scudd.

Psoloessa maculipennis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p- 513 (1875) '; Cent. Orthopt.
p. 25 (1879) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p- 278, t. 6. fig. 31 (1897) *,

.
Hab. Nortn America, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California 1~3,]

PSOLOESSA.—STIRAPLEURA. 105

[4. Psoloessa ferruginea, Scudd.
Psoloessa ferruginea, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 513 (1875) ’; Cent. Orthopt. p. 25
(1879) *; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 274 (1897) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas and Arizona !~3,]

STIRAPLEURA, Scudder.

Dociostaurus, Scudder, Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid., App. JJ, pp. 507, 510
(1876) (nec Fieber).

Stirapleura, Scudder, loc. cit. p. 510 (1876) ; McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 269, t. 6.
figg. 30 a-c (1897).

The insects which comprise this genus are of medium size, and in colour are usually
cinereous, testaceous, or ochraceous, more or less heavily mottled and streaked with
brown and black. In their distribution they seem to be more especially confined to
slightly arid localities covered sparsely with vegetation, particularly with various short
grasses. In fact, they are genuine “ grasshoppers” in all regions where found. The
genus is represented in both North and South America, and wherever the species occur
they are moderately common. On both continents representatives are to be met with
at least fifty degrees from the Equator. With such a wide distribution, and, at the
same time, possessing no special requirements other than open country with a limited
supply of grass upon which to feed, it is not surprising that there should be a rather
large number of known forms. Though very few of them have been captured as yet
on the plateaux regions of Mexico and Central America, the proper localities for these
insects, the following can safely be said to belong to the fauna treated in the present
work.

Table for separating the Species of Stirapleura.

A’. Posterior tibiz with the apical spurs on the inner side not very
unequal. . . .. . ee ee we we ew we we) «CEL. ornata, Scudd.]
A*. Posterior tibiz with the apical spurs very unequal, the apical one
being at least one and one-half times as long as the other.
b'. More slender. Size rather small.
c’. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated, considerably shorter
than the abdomen in the 9 , the former acuminate. [Southern
Mexico.]...... . . . . » 8. brachyptera, sp. n.
c’. Tegmina and wings normal, longer than the abdomen even in
the @. [S.W. U.S. and Mexico centrally on the plateaux.] . 3. pusilla, Seudd.
b°. More robust. Size larger.
. Lateral foveole about twice as long as broad . . . Ct. . 2. decussata, Scudd.
c?, Lateral foveole scarcely, if at all, longer than broad ; angulate
or rounded.
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1905. Pp

106 ORTHOPTERA.

a’. These foveole well-defined, decidedly angulate. Lateral
carine of pronotum delicate. Hind tibie testaceo-
ferruginous.

e’. Fastigium deeply sulcate, with elevated carinze which meet
in an acute angle in front. Conspicuously mottled and
streaked . 2. 1 we ee ee ee [6. tenuicarina, Scudd. |

e’. Fastigium shallowly sulcate and provided with a central
carina; blunt in front. Colour uniform reddish-brown,
not greatly mottled and streaked . . . . . . « « [7 mescalero, Rehn. |

d’. These foveole ill-defined, oblong or rounded. Lateral carinz
of pronotum somewhat interrupted mesially. Hind tibize
glaucous or dull bluish.

e’. General colour ferruginous, without markings, or only
inconspicuously mottled and streaked with lighter and
darker shades. . . . . . . . ee ew we ee 4 0Salina, sp. n.

e’. General colour testaceo-cinereous, very conspicuously
mottled and streaked with lighter and darker shades . . 5. meridionalis, sp. n.

[1. Stirapleura ornata, Scudd.

Dociostaurus ornaius, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid., App. JJ, p. 507
(1876)’; Bruner, Third Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. p. 58 (1883) *.

Stirapleura ornata, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 270, 271 (1897)°; Scudd. Cat.
Orthopt. U.S. p. 28 (1900) *.

Hab. Nortu America, New Mexico !~4.]

2. Stirapleura decussata, Scudd.
Stirapleura decussata, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geogr. & Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid., App. JJ, p. 510
(1876) *; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 27 (1900) %.
Psoloessa coloradensis, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad, Nat. Sci. i. p. 252, t. 36. fig. 34 (1876) °.
Hab. Nora America }~%, from New Mexico and Arizona northward throughout the
Rocky Mountain region and eastward on the plains at least to the 100th meridian. —
t Mexico (Bruner).

8. Stirapleura pusilla, Scudd.
Stirapleura pusilla, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. pp. 52, 53 (1899)'; Cat. Orthopt.
USS. p. 28 (1900) ”. Oo
Hab. NortH America! 2, New Mexico, Arizona, California (colls. Scudder & Bruner) ;
Lowrr Catirornta, Cape San Lucas (Dr. Palmer, in coll. Scudder).—Muxxico, Mexico
City (C. C. Deam, coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

This insect appears to vary rather more than usual, and the material before me may
possibly represent at least two distinct species.

STIRAPLEURA. — - 107

4, Stirapleura salina, sp. n.

A robust insect, with the lateral carine of the pronotum somewhat interrupted in the middle, and the lateral
foveole of the vertex rounded and ill-defined. The colour is uniform, heing but little variegated, the
hind tibize dark glaucous,

Head rather large, slightly wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput somewhat raised above the
level of the dise of the latter; vertex rather wider than half the shortest diameter of one of the eyes,
the fastigium deeply sulcate and provided with a rather prominent median carina which enters it from
behind, bounded by a high ridge, the hind ends of which approach and continue over the occiput as
supplemental carinze almost to the front edge of the pronotum and meet in front in a right angle; lateral
foveole oblong or rounded, only gently sulcate; frontal costa rather prominent above, equally and gently
expanding downward, in nowise sulcate, but more or less strongly punctate throughout. Face nearly
vertical, somewhat rounded when viewed from the side. Antenne setaceous, about as long as the head
and pronotum combined. Pronotum with the sides constricted, the hind edge somewhat narrower than
the front edge; lateral carinz inconspicuous, to some extent interrupted in front of the middle, where
they approach most closely ; median carina well-defined throughout, cut a trifle back of the middle by
the last transverse sulcus; front edge broadly rounded, hind edge angulate, the apex rounded. Tegmina
moderately wide, reaching beyond the apex of the hind femora. The latter rather robust, extending
considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen. Claws on the inner side of hind tibiw very unequal.

General colour plain ferruginous, or ferruginous variegated with brown and dull black. Hind tibie dull
greyish-blue, the base broadly pale. In one specimen the tegmina are rather evenly flecked with small
quadrate dusky spots, and the sides of the pronotum and the upper edge of the hind femora show traces
of the usual characteristic dusky markings.

Length of body, 9, 22; of pronotum 4:1, of tegmina 17, of hind femora 14°5 millim.

fab. Mexico, Salina Cruz (C. C. Deam).

Two females, captured during the month of December.

5. Stirapleura meridionalis, sp. n.
tather robust, but less so than S. salina, to which it is most nearly related, but differing from that species
in having the hind edge of the pronctum more angulate, the hind femora less heavy, and the fastigium
of the vertex more prominent. A highly variegated insect.

Head rather large, wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the vertex about half (¢) or nearly two-thirds
(¢) as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the eyes, the sulcation deep and bordered by a rim almost
circular in form in the 2, or cordiform in the ¢, the middle provided with a prominent longitudinal
carina, this being continued upon the occiput, where it is accompanied on the first half by two
supplemental slightly diverging carine; lateral foveole shallow, broadly elliptical. Face in the ¢
somewhat oblique, in the 9 nearly vertical; frontal costa rather wide, the sides approaching just above
the ocellus, otherwise gradually diverging below, coarsely punctate and gently sulcate at the ocellus.
Pronotum slightly contracted in the centre, the two ends nearly equal in width ; front broadly rounded,
the hind edge angulate ; lateral carine strongly converging and somewhat obliterated or interrupted
mesially, the last transverse sulcus about the middle. Tegmina and wings complete, about as long as ( @ ),
or considerably longer than (¢), the abdomen. Hind femora moderately robust. Tibial claws very
unequal in length.

General colour cinereo-testaceous, varied with dirty white, brown, and black, a characteristic marking being
a rather wide, arcuate, pale band on the sides of the head and pronotum, which begins on the lower
posterior edge of each cheek and passes upward and backward upon the sides of the pronotum till it
reaches and crosses the lateral carine, terminating at the back edge of sides of the disc. This light-
coloured band is bordered above by one of piceous, which narrows from the eyes backwards, and below
by a similar but darker band that is directed forward from the hind edge of the pronotum ; below this
the sides, on their lower edges, are white, with the narrow upward and forward directed extension so
frequent in the members of this genus. The face and pleura are pale, more or less heavily blotched with
dark brown and black. The disc of the thorax, the dorsal edges of the tegmina, and the occiput are

Pp 2

108 ORTHOPTERA.

likewise more or less regularly light-banded, bordered by dusky. Legs blotched with brown, as is also
the abdomen to some extent along its sides. Hind femora with the upper edge provided with the usual
dark markings; the hind tibie at the base and the apex of the femora dusky, the former with a sub-
basal pale annulus, followed by fuscous and then by dull cinereous-blue to the apex, which is again
infuscated. Tegmina provided with a well-defined row of rather large, dark, discal blotches in addition
to some scattered flecks both above and below.

Length of body, ¢ 14, 2 19; of pronotum, ¢ 3°6,? 4; of antenne, ¢ 9, 7; of tegmina, ¢ 13, 2 16:5;
of hind femora, ¢ 10, 2 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Salina Cruz (C. C. Deam).

One male and one female, captured during the month of December.

[6. Stirapleura tenuicarina, Scudd.
Stirapleura tenuicarina, Scudd. Proc. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. pp. 53, 54 (1899)'; Cat. Orthopt.
U.S. p. 28 (1900) ”

Hab. NortH America, Sierra Blanca, El Paso Co., Texas }2.]

[7. Stirapleura mescalero, Rehn.
‘Stirapleura mescalero, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1902, p. 719’.

Hab. Nortu America, Mescalero Co., New Mexico ! (coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.).]

8. Stirapleura brachyptera, sp. n.

Rather small and slender, with wings and tegmina that only reach about three-fourths the length of the
abdomen, the latter acuminate at the apex.

Head of medium size, not greatly wider than the front edge of the pronotum; vertex narrow, the fastigium
slightly depressed and meeting at less than a right angle, deeply sulcate; lateral foveole prominent, a
little longer than high, their inner upper corners broadly rounded ; occiput rugose and provided with
indications of the usual carine; antenne short, reaching the middle of the pronotum; face gently
oblique, the frontal costa compressed above, equally widening below, feebly sulcate in the vicinity of the
ocellus, coarsely punctate throughout. Pronotum short, broad, slightly contracted in the middle,
subtruncate in front, angulate behind ; lateral carine heavy on the hind lobe, fairly prominent in front,

but faint near the middle; sides provided with faint, raised, oblique ridges or wrinkles. Hind femora
short and robust. Hind tibia with 9 or 10 spines in the outer row; the spurs on the inner side of the
apex very unequal in length.

Brownish-ferruginous, with the usual markings of darker and lighter shades on the head, pronotum, and hind
femora. Hind tibie testaceous, a little darker apically. Hind femora with two triangular patches on
the upper edge. Lower edges of the pronotum pale, with a narrow extension of same colour directed
obliquely forward and upward ; above this a dusky patch. Tegmina faintly maculate.

Length of body, 2, 16; of pronotum 2:5, of tegmina 8, of hind femora 9°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Oaxaca (C. C. Deam).

One female. |
AGENEOTETTIX, McNeill.
Eremnus, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. p. 267, t. 6. fig. 29 (1897) (nomen przocc.).
Ageneotettix, McNeill, Psyche, vii. p. 71 (1897).

The members of the genus Ageneotettix belong to the arid and semi-arid regions
of North America, where they are to be found among the common medium-sized

AGENEOTETTIX. 109

grasshoppers in most localities. They are especially partial to the short grass-covered
hill-sides and plains between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains, but also
occur almost or quite across the continent to the Pacific southward. While their
distribution seems to be chiefly northward, at least two of them belong to the region
here under consideration. Besides these two species, the others are included in the
subjoined table, as they, too, may eventually be found to occur within the Mexican
border.

Table for separating the Species of Ageneotettix.

A’. Normally with the tegmina and wings not shorter than the
abdomen.
é'. Larger. The fastigium in the male forming a right angle, or
a little obtuse.
c. Hind tibiz with ten or eleven spines on the outer row.
Wings slightly surpassing the abdomen in the male . . . LI. scudderi, Bruner.
c. Hind tibie with nine spines in the outer row. Wings not
surpassing the tip of the abdomen in either sex. . . 8. australis, sp. n.
&?. Smaller. The fastigium of the male slightly acute- angled.
The tegmina and wings about as long as the abdomen in both
sexes .. soe ee we ee . . . « 2 deorum, Scudd.
A®, Normally with the tegmina and wings considerably, sometimes
greatly, abbreviated in both sexes.
b’. Tegmina greatly abbreviated, about one-third the length of the
abdomen. Hind tibiz coral-red, and with only a narrow sub-
basal pale annulus. (Southern Colorado.) . .... . [curtipennis, sp. n.]
6°. Tegmina moderately abbreviated, from one-half to two-thirds
as long as the abdomen. Hind tibize usually rather pale red
apically, the basal third (except the knee, which is black)
testaceous. (South-western Colorado.). . . . . . - ~ [4 occidentalis*, Bruner. |

1. Ageneotettix scudderi, Bruner.
Aulocara scudderi, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 63, 64 (1890) *.
Eremnus scudderi, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 268, 269 (1897) ’.
Phiibostroma parvus, McNeill, Psyche, vi. p. 64 (1891) °.

Hab. Norra America, from the Saskatchewan River to Texas and New Mexico !~3.

While no definite records of the capture of this form in Mexican territory seem to
be extant, its known wide range, together with the fact that a similar species was
observed though not taken in Northern Chihuahua by the present writer, would permit
of its being included here.

* Described in a paper on Colorado Orthoptera which is shortly to be published by the Agricultural
Experiment Station of that State.

110 ‘ORTHOPTERA.

2. Ageneotettix deorum, Scudd.
Chrysochraon deorum, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 262 (1876) °.
Eremnus deorum, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 268, 269, t. 6. fig. 29 (1897) 2
Ageneotettix deorum, McNeill, Psyche, viii. p. 71 (1897) *.

fab. NortH America, Mesilla Park, New Mexico (Morse).

Possibly the insect seen by me in Chihuahua, and referred to under A. scudderi, may
have been A. deorum.

3. Ageneotettix australis, sp. n.

About the size of A. scudderi, from which it differs in its more robust form, the shorter tegmina and wings,
and the fewer spines on the hind tibie.

Head large, a little broader than the front edge of the pronotum ; the vertex of moderate width, shallowly
sulcate, the sides meeting in an obtuse angle in front, the lateral foveole nearly twice as long as broad,
their inner upper angle broadly rounded. Antenne nearly (Q) or quite () reaching the base of the
hind femora. The latter much heavier and longer than in the species to which it has been compared.

General colour ferruginous-brown, more or less mottled with dark brown above, testaceous beneath. The
hind femora provided with the usual markings above, and with their apices and the basal portion of
the tibize almost wholly black ; the latter scarcely showing any traces of the sub-basal pale annulus of the
other species.

Length of body, gd 16, 2 21; of antenne, ¢ 8, 2 10; of pronotum, ¢ 3, @ 3-4; of tegmina, d 10, 2 lz;
of hind femora, ¢ 10, 2 13 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Phoenix, Arizona (Kunze).

While the specimens before the writer were taken in Arizona, there can be but little
doubt that it also occurs in Mexico.

AULOCARA, Scudder.
Stauronotus, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, p. 82.
(Gdocara, Scudd. Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Surv. West 100th Merid. p. 289 (1876).
Aulocara, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 266 (1876).
Coloradella, Brunn. Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 123 (1898).

This is still another genus of medium or rather small-sized locusts, the species of
which live in arid regions. All the known forms have blue hind tibie, while those
of Ageneotettix have these members red. The group is represented in Mexico by
at least three species. .

Table for separating the Species of Aulocara.

A’. Tegmina and wings fully as long as, or longer than, the abdomen in

both sexes. The hind femora not especially robust or elongate. The
sexes not very unequal in size. . . oo » . « « 1. elliotti, Thom.

A’, Tegmina and wings decidedly shorter than the abdomen § in n both SEXES.

The hind femora rather elongate and robust. The sexes very unequal
in size.

AULOCARA. IL

6‘. Tegmina and wings more than one-half as long as theabdomen. The
sides of the pronotum pale and generally provided with a large, dark

central patch . . . . . . . wee 2. femoratum, Scudd.
6°. Tegmina less than one-half the length of the abdomen; wings nearly
or quite obsolete. Sides of pronotum less conspicuously marked . 3. brevipenne, sp. n.

1, Aulocara elliotti, Thomas.
Stauronotus elliotti, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, p. 82 (1870) '.
(Hdocara elliotti, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 79 (1884) *.
Aulocara eliiotti, Bruner, Canad. Ent. xvii. p. 10 (1885) *.
Aulocara ceruleipes, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 266 (1876) *.
Aulocara decens, Scudd. loc. cit. p. 267 (1876) ’.
(idocara strangulatum, Scudd. Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Surv. West 100th Merid. p. 289 (1876) °.
Hab. Nortu America !~*, Los Angeles and San Diego, California (Bruner).— Mexico,
mountains twelve leagues east of San Luis (Dr. Palmer), Villa Lerdo in Durango
(Bruner), Casas Grandes, Chihuahua (Dr. Hughes).

This is the most widely distributed species of the genus, and it is known to occur
from the north branch of the Saskatchewan River in British America to the plains
of Central Mexico, and from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. In many
localities this insect and A. femoratum have frequently become sufficiently numerous to
‘materially injure the grasses on the cattle-ranges. |

2. Aulocara femoratum, Scudd.
Aulocara femoratum, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. pp. 55, 56 (1899) *.
Aulocara decens, Bruner, Report Nebr. St. Bd. Agric. 1896, p. 129 (1897) (nec Scudder) ”. |
Hab. Nort America, Phoenix, Arizona (Hunze)—Mexico, Jimulco and Lerdo,
Durango (Bruner).

Although the present species is less widely distributed than the preceding, it is
nevertheless a very common locust over much of the country lying west of the 100th
Meridian and south of the northern boundary of the United States.

3. Aulocara brevipenne, sp. n.

Zapata brevipennis, Bruner, antea, p. 103 (3, nec 2).

Very similar in general appearance to A. femoratum, Scudd., but much smaller and with more abbreviated
tegmina. Head rather small, the face very oblique, and the fastigium provided with strong carine, which
meet in front in an acute angle. As compared with A. femoratum, this form has the pronotum less
constricted at the last transverse incision, and the median carina less conspicuous. In colour it seems
to be more uniform greyish-brown, having none of the decided dark and light markings of A. femoratum,

Length of body, ¢,12; of antenne 8, of pronotum 2, of tegmina 3, of hind femora 8°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Comancho, Zacatecas (Bruner).

The present species is based on a single imperfect specimen which was taken early

112 ORTHOPTERA.

one morning in November while the south-bound train on the Mexican Central Railroad
was waiting on a siding. The female insect figured on Tab. I. under the name of
Aulocara brevipennis betongs to the genus Zapata.

LIGUROTETTIX, McNeill.
Ligurotettiz, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vi. pp. 257, 258 (1897).

This genus, which possesses characteristics of the Gidipodine and Acridiine, as well
as of the Tryxaline, is not at all closely related to any of the preceding genera, but it
seems to represent a distinct section of the subfamily. In its distribution, [igurotettix
is confined to the region bordering the international boundary-line between Mexico and
the United States, where its two representatives are known to live among and upon
scattered desert vegetation indigenous to the district. The insects are dull, almost
uniform greyish-brown in colour, while the males are equipped with the most complete
stridulating-apparatus to be found in the family. According to Mr. D. W. Coquillett,
the music of LZ. coquellett: is as loud and sustained as that of some of the Cicadide.
‘The two recognized forms may be separated thus :—

Table for separating the Species of Ligurotettix.

A‘. Larger (length, ¢ 17, 9 24 millim.), more slender . . . . . . 2. kunzei, Caudell.
A*, Smaller (length, ¢ 14-16, ? 18 millim.), more robust . . . . . I. coguilletti, McNeill.

1. Ligurotettix coquilletti, McNeill.
Ligurotettiz coquilletti, McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sct. vi. p. 258, t. 5. figg. 24, 24 a—c (1897).
Hab. Norta America, Los Angeles County, California (Coquitllett), Needles, Cali-
fornia (Wickham), Yuma, Arizona (Leon La Forge).

The specimens from these localities are all in the collection of the present writer.

2. Ligurotettix kunzei, Caudell.
Ligurotettiz kunzei, Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 162 (1908) *.

Hab. Norta Amunrica!, Phoenix, Arizona (Kunze), Florence, Pinal County, Arizona
(Biederman).

GONIATRON, gen. nov.*

The characters given in the footnote, together with those mentioned in the specific

* This genus seems to be most closely related to Ligurotettia, amongst the Mexican forms. The structure
is peculiarly composite, showing some of the characteristics of all three subfamilies, the CEdopidine, Acridiine,
and Tryxaline, but with the prevailing features approaching those of the latter. On account of the
decidedly spined prosternum and the selliform pronotum, it was first thought by the writer to be an aberrant
form belonging to the Acridiine. However, after a more careful study and some deliberation, it has been
thought best to place it in the present position. This explanation will indicate why Goniatron was not

GONIATRON. . 113

description which follows, will be amply sufficient to distinguish the present genus.
It is confined in its distribution to the arid plains of Middle and Northern Mexico.

1. Goniatron planum, sp. n. (Tab. I. figg. 20, 20, a, b, 3 *.)

Medium-sized ; colour dark brownish-cinereous, but little variegated with lighter or darker markings. Head
not greatly enlarged, the occiput short, considerably elevated above the level of the pronotum, the vertex
between the eyes as wide as the shorter diameter of the latter, very gently sulcate and bounded on the
sides and front by distinct though blunt carine, which meet anteriorly at a little less than a right
angle; lateral foveole visible from above, elongate triangular, more than twice as long as their basal
breadth ; eyes about the length of the cheeks below them, rather prominent, their front edge nearly
straight ; frontal costa very wide, its sides a little contracted above, coarsely punctate and but gently
sulcate in the vicinity of the ocellus; antenne filiform, about as long as the hind femora. Pronotum
selliform, the sides higher than long; the anterior lobe smooth, rounded above; the transverse sulci
profound and continuous; posterior lobe roughened, the disc flat, the shoulders well-defined and the
posterior edge slightly obtusangulate. Tegmina and wings ample, extending fully one-third of their
length beyond the tip of the abdomen ; the former rather heavily and profusely veined, the veins giving
them a leathery appearance, the wings yellowish-hyaline on the basal half, becoming fuliginous apically,
where not only the veins but also the cells are more or less smoky. Hind femora only moderately robust
basally, slender apically, and not quite reaching the tip of the abdomen, which is acuminate. Hind tibie
with eleven or twelve spines in the outer row. The abdomen differs from that of all other known forms
in having the dorsal portion on each side of the centre flattened, these fields being separated from
the sides by well-marked angles or ridges, the abdomen thus appearing tricarinate, hence the name
Goniatron. .

Length of body, ¢, 23; of antenne 11:5, of pronotum 4:30, of tegmina 23, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Comacho, Zacatecas (Bruner).

The single specimen at hand, and which was obtained by the present writer in
November, has the lower sulcus of both hind femora provided with a rather conspi-
cuous transverse tooth or blunt spine, which is situated near the inner edge at a point
about one-fourth the length of this joint from its base. I do not believe that this
feature can be accidental, since two males of Ligurotettix also show the same feature,
but in a much less degree.

included in the synoptical table separating the genera of the Tryxaline (anted, pp. 26-34). In order to
include the present genus, it is only necessary to modify the last paragraph of that table so as to make it read
as follows :—

bb. Tegmina with a distinct intercalary vein, which is slender and intermediate
between the radial and ulnar veins.
c. Scapular area of ¢ tegmina greatly dilated, hyaline and regularly
scalariform-veined. Abdomen unicarinate above. Hind tibia with
ten spines in the outerrow . ......... . . . . ILtevrorermmx, McNeill.
cc. Scapular area of ¢ tegmina not greatly dilated, the cross-veining less
regular, and this portion of the wing not greatly different from the
remainder. Abdomen tricarinate above. Hind tibie with eleven or
twelve spines in the outerrow . ... =... . =... . « Gowzatroy, Bruner.

* Incorrectly marked @ on the Plate.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., March 1905. Qa

114 ORTHOPTERA.

Subfam. @DIPODINA*.

Members of the present subfamily are usually characteristic of arid and semi-arid
regions. Hence we may naturally expect to find the group well represented in portions
of Middle and Northern Mexico. Although the collections studied are few and very
incomplete so far as these particular regions are concerned, fully thirty genera and
more than one hundred species are herewith included. Most of these have actually
been taken or reported as occurring within the boundary. When there are exceptions
to this statement they come so close to its borders as to make it certain that they
belong to the region as well.

The majority of the species of CAdopodine as represented in Mexico and Central
America belong to the three American genera Arphia, Hippiscus, and Trimerotropis,
all of which have recently received monographic attention by American authors.
The present treatise contains the descriptions of several additional forms. Future
thorough work will without doubt result in adding others to the list.

Synopsis of the Genera.

A, Outer margin of the hind tibiz without an apical spine just before
the spurs. ((prpop1nI1.)

b. Interspace between the metasternal lobes linear, or at least
distinctly longer than wide, in the male, narrower than the
space between the mesosternal lobes in the female.

c. Tegmina somewhat leathery, densely and irregularly reticulate
basally, at the apex more remotely and somewhat regularly
so; the intercalary vein nearer the median than the ulnar
vein; wings with the disc brightly coloured, red or yellow,
none of the veins incrassate and no costal stigma present. . ARpura, Stal.

cc. Tegmina with nearly the whole apical half, at least in the
discoidal field, membranaceous, traversed by straight veinlets ;

* Principal works referred to for this subfamily :—

Sraz, C., Recensio Orthopt. i. pp. 1138-119 (1878).

Sra, C., Observations Orthoptérologiques, ii. pp. 24-28, 43-47 (1878).

Saussure, Hunei pg, Prodromus (idopodiorum Insectorum ex ordine Orthopterorum (1884).

Savssurs, Henrt px, Additamenta ad Prodromum CEdopodiorum Insectorum ex ordine Orthopterorum
(1888).

Scuppzr, 8. H., “The Orthopteran Genus Hippiscus,” Psyche, 1892, pp. 265-274, 285-288, 301-304
317-320, 333-336, 347-350, 359-363.

Scuppzr, 8. H., ‘Guide to the Genera and Classification of North-American Orthoptera.’ Cambridge,
1897. .

McNztt1, Jerome, “ Revision of the Orthopteran Genus T'rimerotropis,” Washington, 1901 (Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xxiii.), pp. 393-449.

9

(DIPODIN 2.

the intercalary vein distant from the median vein ; wings with

dilute colouring, nebulous, the veins next the costal margin

and frequently (in the male) the median vein also incrassate,
the costa with a dusky stigma, the ulnar area dilated and
with remotely scalariform venation.

d. The intercalary vein of the tegmina running midway between
the median and the ulnar veins, only apically a little
approximating the former ; veins of the wings slightly or
scarcely incrassate. . . . + See ew

dd. The intercalary vein of the tegmina distinctly nearer the
ulnar than the median vein; the veins of the wings referred
to (under cc) distinctly incrassate in the male.

e. Antennz very short, stout; head compressed, the fastigium
prominent, angulate . . 1 ee ee ee

ee, Antenne rather long and slender, head subtumid, rotun-
date, the fastigium in the female anteriorly obtuse

bb, Interspace between the metasternal lobes rather broad, in the
male quadrate, in the female transverse.

c. Lateral canthi of the metazona traversing the principal sulcus
(where they are frequently cristulate or rugose), not inter-
sected by it (or only in individual cases) ; principal sulcus
more or less obsolete or shallow in the lateral lobes.

_ d. Median carina of the pronotum conspicuous, but not cristate.
Tegmina moderately densely reticulate, the apical third
at least remotely and quadrately reticulate.

e. Smaller forms. The pronotum not rugose. Wings sub-
vitreous, not definitely coloured.

f. Posterior lateral angles of the pronotum acute. The

carine and sulcation of the vertex continuous with

those of the frontal costa. . . . «6 . 6 . .

ff. Posterior lateral angles of the pronotum rounded. The

' sulcation of the vertex not continuous with that of
the frontal costa. 2. 2. 2 6 6 ee ee es

ee. Larger forms. The pronotum rugose. Wings decidedly
coloured . ... . woe eee ae

dd. Median carina of the pronotum very slight. The whole
of the tegmina rather densely reticulate and coriaceous,
membranaceous or subvitreous at the extreme tip only.

e. Less stout; mesosternum only a little broader than the
head ; tegmina extending well beyond the tip of the
abdomen in both sexes, the intercalary vein distinct
throughout and everywhere very much nearer the median
than the ulnar vein ; transverse fascia of wings without
asubcostal tenia . . 2. 2. 2 6 2 ew ee eh ee

115

CuHortTopuaGa, Sauss.

CHIMAROCEPHALA, Scudd. .

Encopro.oruts, Scudd.

Hrpporepon, Sauss.

CaMNULLA, Scudd.

Hrppiscus, Sauss.

Lepruvs, Sauss.

QQ2

116 ORTHOPTERA.

ee. Exceptionally stout (especially the female); the meso-
sternum fully half as broad again as the head; tegmina
in female leaving the tip of the abdomen exposed, the
intercalary vein more or less obscure proximally and
only a little nearer the median than the ulnar vein ;
transverse fascia of wings with distinct subcostal
tenia . 2. 1 ee ee ee ee ees
cc. Lateral canthi of the metazona typically intersected by the
principal sulcus, often vanishing anterior to it ; principal
sulcus distinctly developed on the lateral lobe.
d. Pronotal carina entire or intersected by but one sulcus.
e. Pronotum with a very high foliaceous crest . . . .
ee, Pronotum crested or carinate, but not strongly so.
f. Body slender, compressed ; lateral foveolz of the vertex
trigonal, short.
g. The whole of the apical third of the tegmina, even
next the costal margin, membranaceous.

h. The intercalary vein of the tegmina very distinct,
retro-arcuate, rather remote from the median vein,
nearly intermediate between it and the ulnar vein,
the anterior intercalary area, therefore, rather
broad ; wings conspicuously marked, but not
banded... soe ee

hh. The intercalary vein of the tegmina more or less
distinct, hardly arcuate, nearer the median than
the ulnar vein, the anterior intercalary area,
therefore, narrow, densely coriaceous; wings with
a fuscous arcuate median band.

i. Tegmina rather broad, the intercalary vein more
or less flexuous; pronotal crest anteriorly
elevated, profoundly intersected, arcuate on
the metazona as seen laterally. . . . .

ii. Tegmina very narrow, the intercalary vein straight,
subobsolete ; pronotal crest low, straight as
seen laterally, not deeply intersected ....

gg. The apical membranaceous portion of the tegmina
oblique, the costal margin coriaceous.

h. Head normal, the summit without carination, fas-
tigium of vertex oval, rather deeply impressed,
completely margined with elevated walls . . .

hh. Head rugose, the summit carinated, the fastigium
truncate at the apex, open, the occiput more or

less grooved and ridged. . . . . soe

Sf. Body rather stout ; lateral foveole of head lanceolate .

Aaymnastes, Scudd.

TRopipoLoPpHus, Thomas.

Dissosterra, Scudd.

SPHARAGEMON, Scudd,

. - SCIRTETTICA, Sauss.

Microres, Scudd.

Lacrista, Scudd.
Tomonortvs, Sauss.

(EDIPODIN A.

dd. Pronotum or pronotal carina twice intersected by transverse
sulci.

e. Pronotal carina percurrent, not obliterated between the
sulci. .

f. Pronotum cristate anteriorly ; tegmina generally mem-
branaceous over most of the apical half.

g. Lateral lobes of the pronotum posteriorly rectangulate
or obtuse-angulate, the posterior margin descending
obliquely forward, their metazonal portion posterior
to the typical sulcus, thereby narrowed inferiorly ;
prozona posteriorly scutellate on the disc; vertex
of the head with a transverse carinula on either
side next to the eyes. . - . . 2. 1. 1. we ew

gg. Posterior portion of the lateral lobes of the pronotum
of equal width throughout.

h. Inferior margin of the lateral lobes oblique, the
posterior angle thereby acute or posteriorly
produced,

i. Lateral canthi of the metazona terminating at
the principal sulcus or, if continued, it is in a
different course; prozona posteriorly scutellate
on the disc; inferior margin of the lateral
lobes straight, the posterior concave ; tegmina
fasciate or maculate.; head tumid ;. the frontal
costa moderately constricted

a. Lateral canthi of the metazona acute, passing in
the same course beyond the principal sulcus.

J. Disc of the prozona not posteriorly scutellate ;
inferior margin of the lateral lobes straight
or arcuate, the posterior concave, the angle
slightly produced posteriorly ; frontal costa
of the head very strongly compressed ; basal

half of the tegmina densely coriaceous
jj. Disc of the prozona more or less distinctly
scutellate posteriorly ; lower margin of the
lateral lobes straight and oblique, the pos-
terior margin nearly straight, the angle pro-
duced inferiorly; head narrow, its frontal
costa moderately constricted; tegminadensely
reticulate, fasciate on the costal.margin, the

distal third only membranaceous . .
hh. Inferior margin of the lateral lobes horizontal, but
anteriorly oblique, the posterior angle rounded-
rectangulate ; disc of the prozona not or scarcely

DrrotTMEMA, Scudd.

MeEstosreema, Scudd.

Psinip1a, Stal.

Conozoa, Sauss.

117

118 | ORTHOPTERA.

scutellate posteriorly, the distal third of the
tegmina membranaceous.

i. Radiate veins of the anal field of the mings
mormal . ... .

iit. Radiate veins of the anal field of the. wings
distinctly incrassate . we ee

Jf. Pronotum delicately carinulate ; tegmina densely cori-
aceo-reticulate, the distal fourth only membranaceous.
ee. Pronotal carina obliterated between the sulci. The teg-
mina with at least the basal third coriaceous and closely
reticulate.
f. Body slender; the tegmina either with or without an
intercalary vein. .

g- The tegmina provided with a well- defined intercalary
vein. Body compressed or cylindrical; the hind
tibiz 10-spined in outer row. Pronotum gently
strangulate.

h, Wings generally without the dusky band character-
istic of this subfamily. Hind femora slender.

7. Tegmina very long and narrow, more than twice
as long as the hind femora. Hind wings
roseate basally, and sometimes furnished with
a well-defined dusky band. Eyes prominent,
nearly globular. . . . . .. . .

ut. Tegmina broader, less than twice as long as the
hind femora, Hind wings hyaline or pale blue-
tinted throughout. Eyes decidedly elliptical .

hh. Wings always furnished with a fuliginous band.
Hind femora moderately robust, shorter than

the abdomen . . . soe ee we

gg. The tegmina without an intercalary vein. Body
depressed ; the hind tibiz 8-spined in outer row.

Pronotum greatly strangulate . . . .

Jf. Body more robust ; the tegmina without the intercalary
vein.

h, Hind tibize of the ordinary form. General colour
grey or brown. [Habitat, arid regions. | .

hh. Hind tibie expanded apically, the outer margins
acute. General colour green. abit swampy

places in tropics.] . . ,

AA. Outer margin of the hind tibie provided with an “apical spine

next the spurs. (EREMoBIINI.)
6. Body stout, but subcylindric, more compressed than depressed,
normal or subnormal ; hind femora normally elongate, more

TRIMEROTROPIS, Stal.
Circotertix, Scudd.

Haprorettix, Scudd.

TrePiputus, McNeill.

Anconta, Scudd.

SPHinGonotus, Fieb.

RaMONA, gen. nov.

Hetiastus, Sauss. «
\

CatopTErna, Stal.

ARPHIA. 119

than half as long as the body, above smooth, simply
carinate.

c. Interocular space more than twice the breadth of the eyes as
seen from above; pronotum rather gently narrowing from
behind forward, sharply carinate, posteriorly truncate or
roundly angulate, the lateral lobes rapidly and greatly nar-
rowing inferiorly ; tegmina lobiform, lateral; wings rudi-
mentary ; hind legs excessively stout, the femora scarcely a
compressed, arolia very large. . . . . «© + « « + + Bracuysrona, Scudd.

cc. Interocular space narrower than the width of the eyes as seen
from above; pronotum rapidly narrowing from behind
forward, fully carinulate, with blunt lateral ruge, the lateral
lobes subequal in width throughout; tegmina and wings
fully developed ; hind legs normal, arolia minute . . . . Tyrruoryze, Scudd.
bb. Body gross, short, subfusiform, more depressed than compressed ;
hind femora exceptionally broad and only half as long as the

; ; HaLpEMANELLA, Sauss.
body, compressed, above tuherculate and laminato-carinate .

*( Parynorterrix, Uhler,

ARPHIA, Stal.
Cdipoda, Latr. (in part.).
Tomonotus, Sauss. (in part.), Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 319 (1861).
Arphia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 113 (1878).

The genus Arphia is confined to North America, where some of its representatives
may be found in almost every region. It is not surprising therefore that upwards of
two dozen species have been characterized already, and still others are now added.
While a few of the forms occur in districts widely removed from the country covered
by the present work, the majority of the known representatives of the genus must be
regarded as belonging to the Mexican or Central-American fauna, Since no attempt
has hitherto been made at monographing the group, it is thought best to give the
space for such a treatment of the genus here. It is but natural that some of the
species belonging to a genus like the present, with such a multitude of forms, should
be very closely related. Hence their differences are sometimes difficult to satisfactorily
indicate or describe in a brief synoptic table like the following.

Table for separating the Species of Arphia.

A. Frontal costa with its sides subparallel, not sulcate, punctate or
subcarinate, or above bifoveolate, broadly truncate at the vertex
or continuous with the scutellum of the vertex. Median carina
of the pronotum variable.

b. Pronotal crest greatly elevated, arcuate, not or faintly intersected
by the principal sulcus. Pronotum strongly angulate in front,

120 ORTHOPTERA.

acute-angled behind. Tznia or basally directed part of the

fuscous area of the wings short.

c. Lateral foveole of the vertex elongate-triangular. Pronotum
finely granulate, the dorsal impressions obsolete, the crest
strongly arcuate.

d. Frontal costa without a carina, plane. Pronotum arcuately
cristate. Wings yellow-orange basally, widely dusky-
banded . . . rr

dd. Frontal costa carinate above. Pronotal crest straight in
front, arcuate behind. Wings with the disc brick-red, or
variable, very broadly black-banded . .

cc. Lateral foveole of the vertex four-sided. Pronotum rugose,
the dorsal impressions more distinct and the crest less
arcuate. |

d. Lateral foveole smaller, with their apices obliquely truncate
or arcuately acuminate. Waited States east of the
Mississippi River.) - an .

dd. Lateral foveole usually large, ‘fully. as high as ‘long, ‘the
inner upper angle rounded. (N. Mexico.)

6b. Pronotal crest less strongly elevated, straight or nearly so. Pro-
notum obtuse, or only gently angulate in front. Tenia of the
wings more elongated.

c. Median carina of pronotum not severed by the principal sulcus.

(Florida.) . 2. . 2... we. os ee .
ec. Median carina of the pronotum severed by the principal
sulcus.

d. Disc of the wings yellow or orange.

e. Posterior edge of the pronotal disc (at least in the ? )
obtuse-angled. Disc of the wings dull brownish-yellow,
the tenia very broad and occupying nearly the whole of
the anterior field . . . . 2... .

ee. Posterior edge of the pronotal disc acute-angled in both
sexes. Disc of wings orange, the tenia much narrower.
f. Fuliginous band of the wings narrow, not quite reaching
the front edge and ony shanty produced towards the

anal angle .

Jf. Fuliginous hand of the wings rather broad, reaching the
anterior edge and following well towards the anal
angle 2. . ew we ee ee ek

dd, Disc of the wings vermilion or carmine.
e. Size small: body rather slender . . . . .
ee. Size larger: body usually somewhat robust.
f. Wing-bands rather narrow, not extending more than
halfway along the outer border towards the anal angle.

[1. carinata, Scudd.]

2. crepusculum, Sauss.

[3. wanthoptera, Germ.]

4. difficilis, sp. n.

[5. granulata, Sauss. |

6. fallax, Sauss.

7. truculenta, Rehn.

8. aurantipennis, sp. 0.

[9. saussureana, Bruner. ]

ARPHIA.

g. Tegmina and wings rather narrow and somewhat
abbreviated (at least in the ¢), the apex of the
wings hyaline. . . 1. 2. 2. 1 ee

gg. Tegmina and wings broader, of normal length in
both sexes, the apices of the wings somewhat
fuliginous. |

h. Smaller: the median carina of the pronotum nearly
straight; coloured area of the anterior field of

the wing rather narrow . . .

hh. Larger: median carina of the pronotum decidedly
arched ; coloured area of the anterior field of the

wing rather broad . . .. - 8

Sf. Wing-bands very broad, reaching the anal angle.

g. Apex of wings entirely hyaline, but with the nervures
black ; tania separated from the anterior border
by a rather narrow coloured field, which reaches
apically nearly two-thirds the length of the wing

gg. Apex of the wings entirely black, or nearly so; the
tenia separated from the anterior border by a much
broader coloured field, which reaches about three-
fourths the length of the wing.

h. More slender, and with the pronotum smoother.

General colour of the insect paler ; the fuscous

band of the wing occupying the apical third, a

little paler apically even in the males. (High

altitudes and northward.) .

hh. More robust, the pronotum strongly rugose.

General colour of the insect darker ; the fuscous

wing-band occupying fully the apical two-fifths,

of uniform colour throughout, and following

around to the anal angle. (South-west United

States and southward.) . . . . wee

AA. Frontal costa narrowed above to one-half or less than its width

below the ocellus, sulcate and sometimes carinate above;

median carina of the pronotum generally straight, or nearly so,

not greatly elevated.
6. Frontal costa truncate at the vertex.

c. Wing-band incomplete, not attaining the costal margin.

d. Body unusually deep at the thorax; the pronotum rather
long, finely rugose, the median carina moderately
elevated, gently arched ; hind femora robust

dd. Body more slender; pronotum shorter, the ruge usually
coarser, and the median carina much less elevated, very
rarely arched; hind femora less robust.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., March 1905.

121

. 10. imperfecta, sp. n.

. Ll. nietana, Sauss., 2.

12. calida, sp. n.

. 18. ovaticeps, Sauss.

. 14. pseudonietana, Thom.

15. crassa, sp. n.

. 16. conspersa, Scudd.

Rr

122 ORTHOPTERA.

e. Disc of the wings yellow or yellowish; the dusky bands
inconspicuous.
f. Smaller: the body short and compact ; tegmina and
wings rather short; the former only sparsely
mottled and with the dorsal edge pale, the latter
with the disc pale yellow and the apex clouded. . 17. townsendi, sp. n.
ff. Larger: the body more elongate and not so stout;
tegmina and wings longer, the former profusely
mottled and with the dorsal edge concolorous, the
latter with greenish-yellow disc and hyaline apex . [18. aderrans, sp. n.]}
ee. Disc of the wings generally reddish (sometimes yellow) ;
the dusky bands nearly always conspicuous. .
f. Apex of the wings, especially in the ¢, more or less
strongly suffused with fuscous, the disc scarlet or
vermilion ; hind tibie darker, inclining to dark
brown in the 9 . . 2 2 6 6 ee ew ee « (19. canora, Rebn.]
ff. Apex of the wings hyaline in both sexes, the disc
yellow or brick-red; hind tibie paler, usually
greenish-yellow or bluish.
g. Coloured costal margin of the wings narrower, the
disc either opaque yellow or pale brick-red ;
tegmina noticeably shorter; hind femora dimly
banded 2. 1 ww ww ww ww ee es 20. arcta, Scudd.]
gg. Coloured costal margin of the wings broader, the
disc transparent brick-red ; tegmina longer; hind
femora very plainly fasciate,
h. Dusky wing-bands rather conspicuous; pro-
notum and head varied with lighter and darker
shades; hind tibie blue. . . . . . . . [2]. pulchripennis, sp. n.]
hh. Dusky wing-bands inconspicuous; pronotum and
head unicolorous ; hind tibie greenish . . . [22. teporata, Scudd.]
cc, Wing-band complete, attaining the costal margin.
d. Disc of the wing very pale yellow, almost hyaline, the
fuscous band also dull and inconspicuous, the apex not
separated from the band by a hyaline field. . . . . 28. pallidipennis, sp. n.
dd. Disc of the wings bright yellow, orange, or red, the
fuscous band conspicuous, the dusky apex usually
separated from the band by a hyaline field.
e. Disc of the wings yellow or orange, the dusky apex
separated from the fuliginous band by a hyaline
field. ——
Jj. Size large: the wing-band of unequal width, on the
anterior field narrower; tenia narrow and reaching
about halfway to base. . . . 1. . , . . . 24 duteola, Scudd.

ARPHIA.

Sf. Smaller: the wing-band rather broad and of equal
width throughout; tenia broader and extending
two-thirds of the distance towards the base.

g. Disc of the wing straw- or clay-yellow. Size
smaller: pronotum moderately rugose. (Mexico
southward.). . . we ew ee

gg. Disc of the wing lemon- yellow. Size larger: pro-
notum less strongly rugose, sometimes nearly
smooth. (Texas and northward.)

ee. Disc of the wing yellowish-orange or vermilion, the apex
fuscous, with or without a preapical paler area.

f. Wings with the disc yellowish-orange, the apex in-
fuscated ; face somewhat sloping. (Texas.).

ff. Wings with the disc vermilion, the apex sometimes with
an ante-apical pale band. Face vertical. (Mexico
southward.) . . . . . Soe ee

6b. Frontal costa convergent above, acuminate at the vertex.

c. Larger: tegmina and wings long, the latter with the disc

orange-ochraceous . ....... .

ce. Smaller: tegmina and wings more abbreviated, the latter
generally yellow.

d. Wings with the coloured area of the costal field rather
broad; the tenia narrow; dusky band rather narrow,
and slightly interrupted at the veins, pale orange or
chrome-yellow

dd. Wings with the coloured area “of the costal field usually
much narrowed, sometimes almost wanting; the dusky
band more conspicuous.

e. Foveole of the vertex longer than wide, even in the ?;
the two sexes very unequal in size. (California and
northward.)

f. Smaller: the pronotum not noticeably broadening
behind ; dorsal edges of the tegmina usually pale-
coloured, even in the ?; apex of wings subhyaline.

ff. Larger: the pronotum conspicuously widening be-
hind ; dorsal edge of the tegmina not light-coloured,
even in the g; apex of wings fuliginous

ee. Foveole of the vertex broader than long, even in the ¢.

The two sexes not very unequal in size. (Northward

and eastward.) .

. 25. decepta, sp. n.

. 26. simplex, Scudd.

. (27. infernalis, Sauss. ]

. Ll. nietana, Sauss., ¢.

» 28. ramona, Rehn.

. (29. koebelei, sp. n.]

[30. frigida, Scudd. |

. 3l. behrensi, Sauss.

. [82. sulphurea, Fabr.]

Rr 2

1 ‘

3

124 ORTHOPTERA.

[1. Arphia carinata, Scudd.

(Edipoda carinata, Scudd. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. ii. p. 306 (1869) *.

Tomonotus carinatus, Thomas, N. Amer. Acrid. p. 106 (1873) *. |

Arphia carinata, Ubler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. iii. p. 794 (1877) ° ; Sauss. Prodr. dip.
p- 67 (1884) *. |

Hab. Nortu Amenica!-8, Western Mississippi valley, from Texas northward to
British America.

A. carinata is perhaps entirely absent from Central America, though it may reach
the regions bordering the Rio Grande. |

2. Arphia crepusculum, Sauss.

Arphia crepusculum, Sauss. Prodr. (Edip. p. 67 (1884)'; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 30
(1900) *.

Hab. Norta America ! 2, Texas and Eastern Nebraska (L. Bruner).

This insect does not differ greatly from the preceding and most certainly occurs
along the Gulf Coast beyond the Rio Grande, in Eastern Mexico.

[3. Arphia xanthoptera, Germ.

Qidipoda xanthoptera, Germ. in Burm. Handb. Ent. 1i. p. 643 (1838) *; Scudd. Journ. Bost. Soc.
Nat. Hist. vil. p. 469 (1862) *.

Acridium (Cidipoda) xanthopterum, de Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orthopt. p. 143 (1842) °.

Tomonotus xanihopterus, Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 105 (1873) *.

Tomonotus sulphureus xanthopterus, Thomas, Acrid. p- 107 (1880) *.

Arphia xanthoptera, Scudd. in Hitch. Rep. Geol. N. H.1i. p. 377 (1874) °; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip.
p. 67 (1884) *. :

Hab. Norta America !~’, east of the great Plains, except into the southern
districts. |

4, Arphia difficilis, sp. n.

A dark brown, medium-sized, yellow-winged insect, with moderately high, plainly notched median carina of
the pronotum, in which the lateral foveole of the vertex are unusually large and quadrate. It is most
nearly related to A. xanthoptera, as indicated in the synoptic table, but has the dorsal edge of the
tegmina pale, instead of concolorous.

Head and thorax moderately rugose, the frontal costa wide and coarsely punctate above the ocellus, at the
upper extremity a little narrowed and bifoveolate ; foveola of vertex broadly subpyriform, and without a
median longitudinal carina, except in front and behind, where it is barely visible. Pronotum considerably
contracted anteriorly ; the disc flattened on the hind lobe, slightly tectate on the anterior lobe ; median
carina evenly arched, plainly cut a little in advance of its middle by the last transverse sulcus; anterior
extremity distinctly angulate, the posterior edge slightly acute. Tegmina extending considerably beyond
the tip of the hind femora. Wings of only moderate width, the apex and dusky bands fuliginous, the
tenia occupying two rows of cells at its base and reaching about halfway to the base of the wing ; disc
and anterior field ochraceous, the extreme front edge narrowly so to the apex. Hind tibie very dark
brown, almost black, without pale basal annulus.

Length of body, ¢, 21; of antennz 7, of pronotum 6, of tegmina 24, of hind femora 13°5 millim,

e

ARPHIA. 125

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer).

The single specimen at hand, a male, is labelled A. luteola, Scudd., in Saussure’s
handwriting.

[5. Arphia granulata, Sauss.
Arphia granulata, Sauss. Prodr. (dip. p. 67 (1884) °.

Hab. Norta America}, Florida and Gulf States east of the Mississippi River
(coll. L. Bruner).

A good species and differing from the preceding in several respects, as shown in the
synoptic table. |

6. Arphia fallax, Sauss.
Arphia fallax, Sauss. Prodr. dip. p. 69 (1884) ’.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango (Forrer: 2); Guatemaua (Saussure ').

The collection before me contains a single female labelled by Dr. Saussure, which,
while not the type, no doubt belongs to this species. It agrees well with the descrip-
tion and differs from all other known forms.

7. Arphia truculenta, Rehn.
Arphia truculenta, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1904, p. 522°.

Hab. Mexico! (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.: 2), Guadalajara in Jalisco (coll. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phil.: 3). |

This plainly-marked species seems to belong to Central Mexico, and but little is at
present known of its distribution. Three males and two females have been found.

8. Arphia aurantipennis, sp. n.

A medium-sized, rusty-brown insect, with orange-red or orange-yellow wings, and the tegmina, pronotum,
and hind femora more or less irrorated and streaked with darker brown and dull black specks and
markings, .

Head and thorax unusually coarsely granulated, the pronotum with traces of elongate ridges on the posterior
portion of the disc. Vertex with a large, rather deeply grooved, nearly circular, sulcation of the foveola,
through the centre of which runs a well-defined carina (¢), or very broadly pyriform and with a fainter
median carina (2); lateral foveole subquadrate, of medium size, the upper inner edge rounded ; frontal
costa very coarsely punctate above the ocellus and deeply bifoveolate at its upper extremity, where it is
only slightly narrowed. Antenne rather short and slender.. Pronotum with the sides compressed, the
front but little narrowed ; median carina rather prominent, nearly straight, and strongly notched by the
last sulcus plainly in advance of its middle; anterior margin scarcely angulate, the hind border somewhat
acute, even in the 9, in the ¢ decidedly so, the extreme tip rounded. Tegmina and wings normal, the
former profusely and evenly irrorated with darker brown, the latter with moderately heavy fuliginous
bands and apices of the same colour, the dusky apex preceded by faint indications of a preapical vitreous
patch. Tenia broad and extending nearly to the base of the wings; coloured area of the anterior field
narrow, the extreme margin largely dark. Hind femora somewhat robust, and showing a rather broad

126 ORTHOPTERA.

preapical pale annulus ; hind tibie with a pale sub-basal annulus, in the ? fuscous, in the ¢ with a
dark plumbeous tinge, at least mesially.

Length of body, ¢ 21, 2 25; of antenne, ¢ & 9,7; of pronotum, g 5, 9 6°75; of tegmina, 5 20, 2 24° 55 3
of hind femora, ¢ 14, 9 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith).

This seems to be a very well-marked species and is certainly quite distinct from
any other form with which the writer is acquainted. Four specimens, taken in
August. The single female at hand shows lighter bands on the sides of the disc of
the pronotum and on the head.

[9. Arphia saussureana, Bruner.
Arphia saussureana, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 63 (1890) °.

Hab. Norra America}, Central California (ZL. Bruner).

This is the smallest species of the genus and it seems to be very local in its
distribution, being confined to the hilly regions to the southward of San Francisco. |

10. Arphia imperfecta, sp. n.

A medium-sized, moderately robust insect, with rather coarsely granulate or rugate head and thorax, and
slightly abbreviated tegmina and wings. Apparently quite closely related to, and perhaps only
a variety of, A. nietana, Sauss., but differing from that species in the features indicated in the
synoptic table.

Head large, high, and evenly broadening below ; frontal costa rather prominent, but with the bounding walls
blunt, coarsely punctate and shallowly sulcate below the ocellus; foveola of vertex inconspicuous,
pyriform, shallow, and provided with a well-defined median carina; the lateral foveole of medium size,
quadrate, narrowed toward the inner edge. Pronotum short, broad, and only gently widening posteriorly ;
the median carina distinct, not greatly elevated, cut behind the middle by the posterior sulcus; front
edge nearly straight, the hind edge of the disc obtuse-angled. Tegmina and wings slightly surpassing
the hind femora, and about reaching the tip of the abdomen, rather profusely and coarsely irrorate with
darker markings. Wings cinnabar-red, with a narrow fuscous band that terminates on the posterior
border halfway to the anal angle; tenia broad, evenly tapering, and reaching nearly to the base; costal
field narrowly red nearly to the tip of the wing; apex vitreous, the veins only dusky. Hind femora
moderately robust, nearly reaching the tip of the abdomen ; hind tibie brownish-testaceous, a little paler
near their base. . .

Length of body, 9, 27; of antenne 7, of pronotum 5:25, of tegmina 21, of hind femora 14 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Tlalpam (L. Bruner).

The present form is represented by a single female specimen, taken.in November.
Whether it is anything more than a variety of A. nietana is at present uncertain,
since we do not know how much that species may vary.

11, Arphia nietana, Sauss.

Tomonotus nietanus, Sauss, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 321 (1861)*; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer.
p. 212 (1878) ?.

Arphia nietana, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 70 (1884) °; Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 96
(1900) ‘. |

ARPHIA. 127

Hab. Mexico 1, Cordova (Saussure), Eslava (O.W. Barrett), Tialpam (L. Bruner: ¢ ),
Coatzacoalcos (C. C. Deam: ¢ ).

There seems to be some little doubt as to the definite determination of several of
the above specimens, since they show the apices of the wings more vitreous than
Saussure’s description would lead us to believe them to be. As will be seen by a
reference to the above synoptic table, the two sexes fall into distinct sections.
(See also the remarks under the preceding species.)

12. Arphia calida, sp. n.

A rather large and robust species, of dark colour, with the median carina of the somewhat tectate pronotum
decidedly arcuate, but not greatly elevated. This insect, on account of its bright vermilion wings, at
once reminds one of .A. pseudonietana, Thom., from which it differs in the much narrower and greatly
abbreviated wing-band, and in the more decidedly arched pronotal carina. The female of A. calida
is also much more robust, with broader hind femora, as well as being much more strongly granulose
on the head and pronotum. In these latter respects A. calida approaches A. conspersa. 1 also
occasionally has the dorsal edges of its sparsely mottled tegmina pale testaceous, as in several other
species of the genus.

Length of the body, ¢ 22, 9 31; of antenne, ¢ 7, 9 8; of pronotum, ¢ 6, 9 8; of tegmina, ¢ 23, 2 29;
of hind femora, ¢ 14, 2? 17 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Zacatecas (ZL. Bruner).

The specimens described were found in November.

13. Arphia ovaticeps, Sauss.
Arphia tenebrosa, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 68, 69 (1884) (nec Scudder) *.
Arphia ovaticeps, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 165, 166 (1888) °*.

Hab. t Norte America, Colorado ! 2,—Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann: 2).

The collection sent to me contains three specimens of this species, females, one of
which bears Saussure’s label. While these insects are not at all like any form that
occurs in Colorado, they seem to agree well with the description of A. ovaticeps.
This inclines the writer to the belief that possibly Saussure erred in assigning his
species to Colorado, instead of to Mexico. The hind tibiz of these specimens are
dark plumbeous, with a paler basal annulus, while in A. pseudonietana and A. crassa
they are brownish or blackish.

14. Arphia pseudonietana, Thomas.
Tomonotus pseudonietanus, Thomas, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phil. 1870, p. 82 (1870) *.
Tomonotus mexicanus, Thomas (nec Sauss.), loc. cit. p. 82’.
CEdipoda tenebrosa, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p, 251 (1871) *.
Arphia tenebrosa, Scudd. Daws. Rep. 40th Par. p. 344 (1875) *.
Arphia sanguinaria, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 119 (1873) ’.

Hab. Norra America !-5, from the Mexican boundary to Northern Michigan and the

128 ORTHOPTERA.

Saskatchewan, most abundant northward on the high prairies—Muxico, Durango

(0. W. Barrett: 3 2).

As indicated in the table, the apices of the wings are less deeply fuliginous than in
the next species, but much less vitreous than they are in the insect which is here
referred to A. ovaticeps.

15. Arphia crassa, sp. n.

A large, coarse, heavy-bodied, dark brown insect, with bright vermilion wings, which are very broadly
bordered externally with black, the tegmina profusely and rather evenly sprinkled with irregular dusky
spots.

Head somewhat broader than the front edge of the pronotum, decidedly oval in form, the lower portion
having a rather swollen or bloated appearance, due to the carine fading away before reaching the
clypeus; vertex deflected and evenly rounded, its scutellum broadly pyriform, with a prominent
longitudinal carina and bounding walls; lateral foveole of medium size, elongate-quadrate, the upper
inner angle broadly rounded ; frontal costa broad and shallowly sulcate, the margins coarse and fading
away below the ocellus, above longitudinally carinate in the middle, and at the upper extremity faintly
bifoveolate. Pronotum rather deep, the sides compressed, the disc somewhat rugose, the carina of
medium height, the two sections separately arched; anterior edge slightly angulate, the hind margin
right-angled. Tegmina broad, extending one-fifth ( 9 ) or one-third (¢) of their length beyond the tip
of. the abdomen. Wings with the dusky band very broad, occupying fully half their extent in the ¢
and nearly as much in the ?, the apex entirely dark. Hind femora broad, their inner face and lower
sulcus black, save for a faint, narrow, preapical annulus and two small irregularly shaped pale spots
along the upper edge. Hind tibie very dark brown (? ) or glossy black ( 3).

Length of body, 3 24, 2 36; of pronotum, ¢ 6, 2 9; of tegmina, ¢ 26:5, 2 31:5; of hind femora, ¢ 14,
2 19 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern Arizona (J. G. Lemmon), Silver City, New Mexico

(Grant).—Mexico, Northern Sonora or Chihuahua (coll. U.S. Dept. Agr.).

This species seems to be most nearly related to A. pseudonietana, differing from that
insect in its much larger size and coarser form, and in having the two portions of the
median carina of the pronotum separately arched. The black border of the wings is
also much more extended in A. crassa than it is in A. pseudonietana. Another form,
perhaps specifically distinct, is to be met with in abundance in portions of the mountain
regions of central Chihuahua, where specimens were taken by Mr. C. H. T. Townsend ;
this insect has the dusky wing-band partially interrupted and in some instances
somewhat abbreviated on the posterior margin towards the anal angle, while the
hind margin of the disc of the pronotum is somewhat acute-angled. Otherwise
the differences are scarcely sufficient to warrant its separation under a distinct name.

16. Arphia conspersa, Scudd. |
Arphia conspersa, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvi. p. 514 s75)"; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip.

p. 70 (1884) *.
Hab. Norra America! 2, South-western Texas (coll. Z. Bruner), Iowa, Nebraska, &c.
(L. Bruner).

ARPHIA. 129

As suggested by Saussure (loc. cit.), this Arphia is rather variable in wing-
coloration, since specimens occur with the disc of these organs yellow, ochraceous,
orange, or even brick-red or rose-tinted. It is most certainly found also across the
Rio Grande in portions of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, where the surface configuration

and climatic conditions are very similar to those in the locality of its greatest
abundance in Texas.

17. Arphia townsendi, sp. n.

So far as indicated by male specimens alone, the present species is rather small and more than usually robust.
The wings have the disc pale yellow, the dusky band fairly broad, but pale and inconspicuous, not quite
attaining the anterior border and interrupted by the anal and radial veins. Head of moderate size, the
frontal costa prominent, with strong lateral carine, deeply and broadly sulcate throughout, and provided
above the ocellus with a well-defined longitudinal carina; scutellum of the vertex variable, in some
specimens pyriform, in others oval and with or without a well-defined median carina, only gently
depressed anteriorly; lateral foveole elongate-triangular, the bounding-walls strong; occiput coarsely
rugose and irregularly pitted. The pronotum is provided with well-defined lateral carine, which are
more or less broken anteriorly, the disc sparsely rugose anterior to the principal sulcus and with a few
coarse granules on the hind lobes; the median carina strong, the anterior section highest and arched ;
anterior edge somewhat angulate, behind slightly acute. Tegmina and wings rather narrow, the former
sparsely sprinkled with irregular, small, dark brown spots, and with pale dorsal edges. The tenia broad
and nearly reaching the base of the wing. Hind femora very broad.

General colour above pale greyish-brown, somewhat variegated with darker markings, abdomen and pectus
pale testaceous. Tegmina and wings as described above. Hind femora more or less plainly barred
obliquely with dusky on their outer face; internally and below tinged with bluish and crossed by
transverse black bands, the pale prwapical band rather broad. Hind tibie deep biue on their outer
two-thirds, pale at the base.

Length of body, d, 17-19; of antenne 8, of pronotum 4°5-5-2, of tegmina 17-18, of hind femora
11-5 millim.

Hab. NortaH America, San Francisco Mts., Arizona (A. B. Cordley).—MEXxico,
Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. 7. Townsend).

The present species is rather an aberrant one, being of a distinct type, on account of
the strongly angled shoulders of the pronotum and the prominent cephalic carine.

The specimens described are all in the collection of the writer. Five were taken
in Chihuahua.

(18. Arphia aberrans, sp. n.

A rather slender, long-winged, greyish-brown, profusely mottled insect, with greenish-yellow wings and
rather conspicuously banded hind femora.

Head of moderate size, about twice as wide as the front edge of the pronotum ; the vertex gently depressed,
its scutellum shallowly sulcate, oval (¢) or pyriform ( ? ), the bounding-walls fairly prominent, but not
high; lateral foveole triangular, inconspicuous, rather flat and more or less filled with rugosities or
coarse granules ; frontal costa plane, scarcely sulcate, narrowing above to a little less than its width at
the ocellus and gradually merging into the sulcation of the vertex. Antenne filiform, of moderate
length. Pronotum a little constricted in advance of the principal sulcus, the disc moderately coarsely
granulate; median carina fairly prominent, straight, cut in advance of the middle; anterior margin a
little angulate, the hind margin right-angled. Tegmina of medium width, extending considerably beyond
the tip of the abdomen in both sexes, the intercalary vein not especially prominent. Hind femora neither
very heavy nor especially slender—about normal for insects of this group.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., March 1905. Ss

130 ORTHOPTERA.

General colour above light greyish-brown, profusely and rather evenly mottled and streaked with dark brown
and dull black; below pale testaceous, the dorsum of the abdomen bluish-tinged. Dorsum of the
prothorax obscurely decussate with paler, the sides and the head back of the eyes longitudinally
streaked alternately with darker and paler dashes of brown and grey. Tegmina with the dorsal edge
paler and nearly destitute of the otherwise rather general dusky markings. Wings transparent greenish-
yellow on the disc and along the anterior field nearly to the apex, the latter portion vitreous ; the
fuliginous band rather broad, but pale, and broken by the radial veins, not quite reaching the anterior
edge ; tania quite prominent and reaching nearly to the base. Hind femora thrice obliquely banded
with fuscous, internally black, banded with testaceous, below blue-tinted ; tibia bluish, with a rather
broad pale basal annulus, the tarsi testaceous.

Length of body, ¢ 21, 9 29; of antenna, § 7, 2 75; of pronotum, ¢ 4:85, 9 5:5; of tegmina, ¢ 23,
© 25; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 2 15 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Huachuca Mts., and Nogales, Arizona (coll. U.S. Nat.

Mus.; R. E. Kunze: 3 2).

This insect reminds one very much of some of the pale-winged species of Zrimero-
tropis, to which, at first sight, it bears a strong resemblance. A. aberrans seems to be
rather local in its distribution, but may occur across the boundary-line in Mexico.
Three specimens. |

(19. Arphia canora, Rehn.
Arphia canora, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1904, p. 564°.
? Arphia nietana, Scudd. & Ckll. (nec Sauss.), Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 28 (1902) *.
Hab. Norta America!?, Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Arizona (colls. Jas, A.
G. Rehn, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., and L. Bruner).

A species somewhat resembling A. teporata, Scudd., but differing from it in having
the fuliginous band of the wings much more strongly indicated, and more especially
in having the apices of the latter strongly suffused with fuscous. As compared with
A. nietana, Sauss., it is more slender, the vertex is narrower, the face is more vertical,
the metazona of the pronotum is longer, and the hind femora are less robust. A. canora
will surely be found to occur in the mountains of Northern Sonora and Chihuahua. |

(20. Arphia arcta, Scudd.
Arphia arcta, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 263 (1876)*; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 69
(1884) *.
Arphia frigida, Caudell (nec Scudd.), Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 786 (1903) *.
Arphia teporata, Bruner (in part.), Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iii. p. 24 (1898) *.
Hab. Norra America! , Arizona and New Mexico and northward to beyond the
49th parallel. |

This species probably occurs also in the mountains of Northern Chihuahua. The
characters which separate it from the other members of.the genus are given in the
synoptic table. It is rather northern in its distribution, as compared with A. teporata

ARPHIA. 131

and A. canora. ‘There are two forms of A. arcta, one with yellow and the other with
red wings, though the former is the most common.]

[21. Arphia pulchripennis, sp. n.

Very similar in general appearance to A. aberrans, but differing from that insect in having the disc and costal
margin of its wings bright transparent brick-red, instead of greenish-yellow. Its hind femora are more
robust and inflated, and the hind tibie of a much deeper blue, the banding of the former being more
decided, while the dorsum of the abdomen is without the bluish hue mentioned in connection with
A, aberrans. The pattern of the wing-bar is very nearly the same in the two forms, and both have the
X-shaped pale marking on the disc of the pronotum.

Length of body, ¢, 23; of pronotum 5°15, of tegmina 23, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Nort America, vicinity of Los Angeles, California (A. Koebele).

The present species, as will be seen by a reference to the synoptic table, is also
quite closely related to A. arcta, A. teporata, and A. canora. A single male. |

(22. Arphia teporata, Scudd.
Arphia teporata, Scudd. Aun. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 508 (1876) ’.

Hab. Norta America}, Texas (S. H. Scudder), Silver City, New Mexico (coll.
L. Bruner).

After studying a number of specimens of closely allied forms, the writer has
concluded to separate them as indicated in the synoptic table. The present species is
red-winged, while its nearest ally, A. arcta, may be either red- or yellow-winged. The
latter has a more northerly habitat and is also more widely distributed ; it is a spring
insect, living over winter as a nymph. |

23. Arphia pallidipennis, sp. n.

Very like A. arcta, Scudd., in general appearance, but differing from it in its somewhat slenderer form, the
very faintly coloured wings, and the deep blue hind tibie. A. pallidipennis also differs in having the
median carina of the pronotum heavier and more prominent, while the pronotum itself is shorter and
more coarsely, though less closely, granulose than in the species to which it is here compared. The
wings have the dusky band, although very faint, continued to the front margin; the coloured dise and
anterior field is very pale yellow, almost hyaline ; and the apex is vitreous.

General colour of the insect pale greyish-brown, becoming darker anteriorly about the base of the tegmina,
thorax, and head. The tegmina have their dorsal edge testaceous and free from the small scattered
darker mottlings present on the rest of their surface. Hind femora of moderate length and robustness,
somewhat varied in the ordinary manner with lighter and darker shades, the lower sulcus pale, the inner
face black and pale-banded.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 2 27; of antenna, 3 7-5, 9 7; of pronotum, g 4:15, 9 5:5; of tegmina, ¢ 18,
23; of hind femora, ¢ 12°5, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Coatzacoalcos in Vera Cruz (C.C. Deam: 3 ), Eslava(0.W. Barrett : 9 ).

The types, which are in the author’s collection, are the only specimens at hand, but
the great difference in the climate and altitude above sea-level that exists in these two
localities would indicate a fairly wide distribution for the species.

Ss 2

132 ORTHOPTERA.

24. Arphia luteola, Scudd.
Arphia luteola, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. pp. 515, 516 (1875) °.

Hab. Norra America !, Texas (Scudder), Carrizo Springs, San Antonio (coll.
L. Bruner).

While no Mexican specimens or records of this species are at hand, its occurrence
to the south and west of the Rio Grande is quite certain. Saussure did not know it,
as is shown by the labelling of the insect here described as A. difficilis (see anted,
p. 124).

25. Arphia decepta, sp. n.
Arphia behrensi, Sauss. Prodr. (dip. p. 71 (1884) (in part.) *.

A medium-sized, broad-winged species, with a very conspicuous carina running over the occiput and continuing
to the front end of the scutellum of the vertex, and the disc of the pronotum coarsely granulated.

Scutellum of the vertex moderately deep, about as long as broad ( ¢), or a little broader than long ( 9 ), the
bounding carine in advance of the transverse groove straight, meeting in front at about a right angle (9 ),
or at a somewhat acute angle (3); lateral foveole rather large and quadrate, their inner side shortest,
the bounding-walls prominent; frontal costa moderately broad, shallowly sulcate, and continuous to the
clypeus. Pronotum rather deep and of moderate length, its sides compressed, the lateral carine well-
defined, nearly straight, and reaching in advance of the principal sulcus, the latter severing the fairly
straight and rather prominent median carina a little in advance of its middle; anterior margin of the
disc somewhat advanced upon the occiput, either rounded or gently angulate, the hind edge about a right
angle (¢) or somewhat obtuse (9). Tegmina and wings of normal length, but perhaps a little broader
than usual. Hind femora moderately long and coarse, but not greatly inflated, reaching (2), or
extending considerably beyond ( ¢), the tip of the abdomen.

General colour dark greyish-brown, profusely mottled with darker brown and black, the disc and sides of the
pronotum, together with the cheeks, sometimes largely lighter coloured. Wings with the disc some
shade of ochraceous or straw-yellow, the fuliginous band of the same pattern as that in A. luteola and
A. simplex, but varying from it, as found in those species, as indicated in the table. Hind femora
distinctly and broadly banded, both internally and externally ; hind tibize more or less infuscated apically,
near the middle, and at the base, the intermediate portions being pale testaceous or greenish-blue, thus
giving these limbs a banded appearance. Sides of the abdomen, especially near its base, darkened.

Length of body, ¢ 23, 2 30; of pronotum, ¢ 5°60, 9 7; of tegmina, gd 24-25, 9 28; of hind femora,
3 135, 2 18 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Cordova (Hége: ¢ 2), Orizaba (LZ. Bruner: 3 2), San Rafael, Vera
Cruz (C. H. T. Townsend: 3), Jalapa (0. W. Barrett).

This insect may prove to be the variety c of Saussure’s A. behrensi (see Prodr. Cidip.
p. 72); but, as will be readily seen upon examination of his table, that species typically
should have the frontal costa narrowed at its upper extremity. A. decepta is most
nearly related to A. simplex, but differs from it in several respects, as shown in the
synoptic table.

26. Arphia simplex, Scudd.
Arphia simplex, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 514 (1875)*; Bruner, Ann. Rep. Nebr.
- Board Agric. 1896, p. 180 (1897) *. |
Arphia simplex, Sauss. (in part.), Prodr. Gidip. p. 70 (1884) *.

ARPHTA. 133

Hab. Norta America!?, South-west Texas and northward to Nebraska (coll.
L. Bruner)—Mexico, Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, and La Joya, San Luis Potosi
(MM. E. Hoag), Victoria, Tamaulipas (S. NV. Rhoads).

A reference to Saussure’s description and account of this species will show that he
did not know it, or that he confounded several forms under the one name. His
variety @ undoubtedly refers to A. luteola, Scudd., his variety 6 to A. ramona, Rehn,
and c to A. decepta, as suggested above. Found in Tamaulipas in January and June,
and in San Luis Potosi in August.

(27. Arphia infernalis, Sauss.
Arphia infernalis, Sauss. Prodr. Gdip. p. 70 (1884) *.

Hab. Nortn America, Texas '.

This insect is not known to the author, but it seems to be a distinct species.
A. infernalis would fall into close proximity with the male of A. nietana in the
synoptic table here published. Its distribution must be very local or the species is
extremely rare, else it would have been taken by some of the numerous collectors who
have furnished the material examined for this work. |

(28. Arphia ramona, Rehn.
Arphia ramona, Rehn, Canad. Ent. xxxiv. p. 142 (1902) *.
? Arphia behrensi, Sauss. (in part.), Prodr. Gidip. p. 72 (1884) *.
? Arphia simplex, Sauss. (in part.) loc. cit. p. 71 (1884) °.
Hab. North America, San Diego, California (Jas. A. G. Rehn: 3 2), Los Angeles
(coll. L. Bruner).

This well-marked species seems to be rather local in its distribution, but will,
without doubt, be found later to occur a little further to the southward in Mexican
territory. As suggested by the above synonymy, specimens of it may have been
examined by Saussure while he was working the genus for his ‘ Prodromus
CEdipodiorum. |

(29. Arphia koebelei, sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding, but much smaller and more slender than the average specimens of the latter,
and having the wings chrome-yellow, instead of reddish-orange, in colour. As in A. ramona the
dorsal edge of the tegmina is pale, while the remainder is besprinkled with browner mottling on a paler
background, The dusky wing-band is slightly narrower, and does not follow the hind margin towards
the anal angle, and the band itself and the apical portion are less strongly fuliginous than in the same
sex of that species.

Length of body, ¢,21; of pronotum 5, of tegmina 21, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Norta America, San Mateo county, California (A. Koebele: ¢ ).

134 ORTHOPTERA.

The wings of the only specimen at hand are rather broader than usual in the genus,
approaching somewhat those of A. duteola in form, but otherwise the insect resembles
A. ramona. |

[30. Arphia frigida, Scudd.
Arphia frigida, Scudd. in Dawson’s Rep. Geol. 49th Par. p. 344 (1875)*; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip.
p. 68 (1885) ?. | |
Hab. Norta America !2, Northern California, on Pacific coast northward to Alaska
(coll. LZ. Bruner).

Not having access to Scudder’s original description of this species, it has been a
difficult matter for me to decide definitely as to the insect there described. Then, too,
no Arphie are at hand from the extreme north, hence the selection of the form now
under consideration has been made somewhat arbitrarily. |

31. Arphia behrensi, Sauss.
Arphia behrensi, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 71, 72 (1884) *.
? Arphia sulphurea, Sauss. loc. cit. p. 71 (an part.) *.

Hab. Norra America, California? (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).—MeExico (Saussure).

Saussure’s description of this insect as it appears in the ‘ Prodromus (Edipodiorum ’—
“Antenne breviuscule. Vertices scutellum @ ¢ piriforme quam latius longius.
Caput et pronotum crassius granosa; crista pronoti incisa,”—taken together with the
place to which it is assigned in his synoptic table of the species, makes it necessary to
settle on the insect now chosen to represent A. behrensi. Then, too, since it was
named in honour of James Behrens, of San Francisco, California, we can hardly do
otherwise, even though two or three other forms were included as varieties. Possibly
both A. ramona, Rehn, and A. decepta, here described, were referred to as such varieties
(see notes under those species).

(32. Arphia sulphurea, Fabr.
Gryllus sulphureus, Fabr. Spec. Ins. i. p. 869 (1781) *.
Gryllus (Locusta) sulphureus, Gmel. Syst. Nat. i. 4, p. 2079 (1788) *.
Acridium sulphureum, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. vi. p. 227 (1791) *.
Locusta sulphurea, Harr. in Hitchcock’s Rep. Geol. Mass. p. 583 (1833) ‘.
(Edipoda sulphurea, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 643 (1838) °; Scudd. Journ, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
vii. p. 470 (1862) °; Glover, Ill. N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 5. fig. 6 (1872) 7.
Acridium (Cdipoda) sulphureum, Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orthopt. p. 143 (1842) °.
Tomonotus sulphureus, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 105 (1878) °.
Arphia sulphurea, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 119 (1878); Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 71 (1884)
(in part.) ».
Hab. Norra Amunrica!—l, United States and Canada east of the Rocky Mountains,
especially northward.

ARPHIA.—CHORTOPHAGA. 135

While this insect probably does not reach the region under investigation, it was
made the type of the genus, hence should be included here. The Californian habitat
given for this species very likely belongs to the preceding, or it may be even to
A. frigida, both of which are Pacific slope forms, while A. swlphurea is confined to the
eastern half of the continent. |

CHORTOPHAGA, Saussure.

Tragocephala, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veget. 1st edit. p. 147 (1841, 1842) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. 1.
p. 119 (1873) ; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 102, fig. 7 (1873) ; Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist. xvii. p. 481 (1875) (nomen przocc.).

Chimarocephala, Scudder (in part.), Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 89 (1876).

Chortophaga, Saussure, Prodr. Gidip. p. 72 (1884).

A characteristic North-American genus composed of comparatively few species,
which are very variable in colour and widely distributed. The nymphs live over
winter and therefore are among the first locusts to mature in spring. The males are
moderately noisy insects and their stridulating may be heard on warm days of early
spring. These insects frequent the margins of groves, thickets, and weed patches,
among the fallen leaves and other débris in which they hide during cold weather.

Table for separating the Species of Chortophaga.

A. Scutellum of the vertex in the ? triangular; the posterior field
of the wing provided with a semilunar fuscous band.
b. Tegmina and wings fully developed, fully as long as or longer
than the abdomen.
c. Larger: North America from Northern Mexico to the great

lakes. 2 2. ee ee we ew ww ew el ee he 6d. viridifasciata, De Geer.
cc. Smaller: Central America, in the mountains of Costa Rica . 2. meridionalis, sp. n.
bb. Tegmina and wings abbreviated . . . . . . . « . ([8. brevipennis, Scudd.]

AA. Scutellum of the vertex in the ? obtuse, pentagonal, the apex
obtuse ; the wings sublimpid (Island of Cuba). . . . . . . 4. eubensis, Scudd.

1. Chortophaga viridifasciata, De Geer. |

Acrydium viridifasciatum, De G. Mém. Hist. Ins., Orthopt. iii. p. 498, t. 42. fig. 6 (1773) °.

Locusta (Tragocephala) viridifasciata, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg. Ist ed. p. 147 (1841) °; 3rd ed.
p. 182, t. 3. fig. 2 (1862) *.

Tragocephala viridifasciata, Scudd. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 461 (1862) *; Proc. Bost.
Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 481 (1875) °; Glover, Ill. N. Amer. Ins., Orthopt. t. 5. fig. 9 (1872) °;
Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. A. p. 103, t. 1. fig. 3 (1873) 7; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 119
(1873)°; Riley, Rep. Ins. Missouri, viii. p. 149, fig. 46 (1876) °.

Chortophaga viridifasciata, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 72, t. 1. figg. 7, 12°; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt.
U.S. p. 31 (1900) *.

136 ORTHOPTERA.

Locusta (Tragocephala) infuscata, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg. 3rd ed. p. 181».

Tragocephala infuscata, Scudd. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 461 (1862) *°; Glover, Ill.
N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 10. fig. 10 (1872) “*; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 102, t. 1.
fig. 7 (1878) *.

Tragocephala viridifasciata infuscata, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 481 (1875) *;
Thomas, Rep. Illinois St. Ent. ix. p. 106 (1880) ”.

Chortophaga viridifasciata infuscata, Blatch. Canad. Ent. xxiii. p. 76 (1891) ”*.

Locusta (Tragocephala) radiata, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg. 3rd ed. p. 183”.

Tomonotus zimmermanni, Sauss. Orthopt. Nov. Amer. ii. p. 23 (1861) *.

Hab. North America 1—2°, generally, from the Rio Grande to middle Canada east of
the Rocky Mountains.—MeExico, along the Rio Grande (L. Bruner).

This insect is dimorphic in colour throughout its range, both green and fuscous
forms being found. In the north, however, the dark-coloured individuals predominate,
while in the south the reverse is the case. There is also some variation in minor
structure, but not enough to warrant the separation of named varieties.

2. Chortophaga meridionalis, sp. n.

Very similar in general appearance to the preceding, but differing from it in the somewhat smaller size and
proportionately shorter tegmina and wings. Compared with the North-American insect, C. meridionalis
has a shorter, less angulate pronotum, with a little lower and less arched median carina. The fastigium
of the vertex is more obtuse, and the frontal costa somewhat broader, smoother, and less deeply sulcate.
The intercalary vein of the present form is also more prominent and somewhat bowed, and lies nearer
the cubital than it does in C. viridifasciata; all the veinlets in the basal portion of the tegmina of
C. meridionalis are heavier, and give this part a rougher appearance.

In colour the two insects are very similar; but, perhaps, the present species is more uniformly the same in
different individuals. Still, both light and dark colour-phases occur.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 9 26; of antenne, ¢ 5°5, 2 6; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 2 6-1; of tegmina, ¢ 15, 9 22;
of hind femora, ¢ 10°5, 2 15°5 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, slopes of the Volcan de Irazu, at an elevation of 7500 to 9000 feet
(P. Biolley, M. A. Carriker, M. Cary, L. Bruner).

If this insect occurred throughout Mexico and other Central-American countries, I
should regard it as a local race of the preceding species. As it is, however, we must

consider it to have been long enough separated from that form to constitute a good,
but remarkably similar, species.

[3. Chortophaga brevipennis, Scudd.
Tragocephala brevipennis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 483 (1875) *.
Chimarocephala brevipennis, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 508 (1876) ?.
Chortophaga brevipennis, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 73 (1884) *.

Hab. Norta America, California (S. H. Scudder).

Not recognized by the present writer. |

CHORTOPHAGA.—CHIMAROCEPHALA. 137

4. Chortophaga cubensis, Scudd.
Tragocephala cubensis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 483 (1875) *.
Chimarocephala cubensis, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 508 (1876) ’.
Chortophaga cubensis, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 74 (1884) *.

Hab. ANTILLES, Cuba!?3 (Scudder, Saussure, Bolivar).

CHIMAROCEPHALA, Scudder.

Chimarocephala, Scudder, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 508 (1876).
Tragocephala (in part.), Thomas (nomen preocc.).

This genus, which is rather closely related to the preceding, occurs only in the

mountain districts of Southern California and the Pacific coast of Mexico. Three go-
called species are known. They may be separated thus :—

Table for separating the Species of Chimarocephala.

A. Front uniting with the vertex in an angle. The hind margin of the
pronotum somewhat acute. Scutellum of the vertex gently declivous.
b. Body ridged, wrinkled, or coarsely rugose. Tegmina and wings

complete in both sexes . . 2. 2. 6 1 ew ee ee ee OCD. pacifica, Thom.]
bb. Body less strongly rugose. Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviate
inthefemale . .. . . [2. behrensi, Sauss. ]

AA. Front roundly uniting with the vertex. The hind margin of the
pronotum somewhat obtuse-angled. Scutellum of the vertex decidedly

sloping . . 2 6 6 ee ee we we wwe ww ee «8, otomita, Sauss.

[1. Chimarocephala pacifica, Thomas.

Tragocephala pacifica, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 101 (1878) *.

Chimarocephala pacifica, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 484 (1875)’; Sauss. Prodr.
CHdip. p. 75 (1884) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Los Angeles, California (D. W. Coquiillett).

While there are no records of this species from south of the international boundary-
line between the United States and Mexico, it certainly occurs to within a few miles of
the frontier and will eventually be taken in Southein California. Colour-variations,
similar to those found in the members of the preceding genus, are also characteristic of
this and the next species. |

(2. Chimarocephala behrensi, Sauss.
Chimarocephala behrensi, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 75 (1873) '.
Hab. Norta America, California to as far north as the 39th parallel; Lower
Catirornia, San Jose del Cabo (coll. Cal. Acad. Sciences). |
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL.. March 1905. Tr

138 ORTHOPTERA.

3. Chimarocephala otomita, Sauss.
Tomonotus otomitus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 322 (1861) ’.
Chimarocephala otomita, Sauss. Prodr. dip. p. 75 (1884) *.

Hab. Mexico!? (Saussure).

Not known to the present writer.

ENCOPTOLOPHUS, Scudder.

Encoptolophus, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 478 (1875).
Tragocephala (in part.), Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 119 (1873).
Cidipoda (in part.), auctt.

This is another genus of the QCidipodine belonging exclusively to the American
continent. In its distribution it is confined chiefly to the territory covered by the
present paper. As indicated by the annexed table, the species are readily separable
into two rather distinct groups. |

Table for the separation of the Species of Encoptolophus.,

A. Body very noticeably compressed and deep through the thorax. The
median carina of the pronotum well developed. Tegmina regularly
transversely banded.

b. Insects never largely, or even in part, green.

c. Larger. Head usually much wider than the front edge of the
pronotum, the latter with the lateral carine much interrupted
in front of the principal sulcus. Dusky bands of the tegmina
transverse.

d. Median carina of the pronotum well developed, the anterior
portion the highest. General colour very dark ; hind tibiz
fuliginous . . 1. 1 we ee ee ee [1. sordidus, Burm. ]

dd, Median carina of the pronotum less elevated, the two halves

of equal height. General colour griseous; hind tibiz
glaucous eo we we ee eee ee [2. coloradensis, sp. nu. |
cc. Smaller. Head not much wider than the front edge of the pro-
notum, even in the female. Lateral carine of the pronotum
less broadly interrupted in advance of the principal sulcus.
Bands of the tegmina oblique.
d. Summit of the head with only a faint median carina. Tegmina
considerably longer than the abdomen. . . . . . . . 8. costalis, Scudd.
dd. Summit of the head provided with a distinct median carina.
Tegmina and wings but little, if any, longer than the abdomen
inthe 9. w/e ee ee ee eee ew ww 4 parvus, Seudd.

ENCOPTOLOPHUS. 139

66. Insect frequently in large part green.
c. General form rather robust. The sulcus of the vertex pyriform,
rather broadly so in the ?.
d. Pronotum decidedly obtuse-angled posteriorly ; the median
carina severed near its middle. (Montana). . . . . . {[5. montanus, sp. n.]
dd. Pronotum nearly right-angled posteriorly; the median carina
severed considerably in advance of the middle. (Mountains
of Chihuahua.) . . ......... . 4. «. . 6. fuliginosus, sp. n.
cc. General form more slender. The sulcus of the vertex much
narrower, its sides evenly convergent anteriorly.
d. Smaller. The lateral carine of the pronotum slightly inter-
rupted in advance of the principal sulcus. (Mexico south-

ward.) 2... 6 ee eee ee ee we ww ww 7, herbaceus, sp. n.
dd. Larger. The lateral carine of the pronotum mninterrapted.
(Southern California.) . . . . . . [8. californicus, sp. n.]

AA. Body more nearly cylindrical, less deep through the thorax. Median
carina of the pronotum rather weak. Tegmina less regularly
marked with light and dark.
b. Tegmina and wings extending considerably beyond the tip of the
abdomen in both sexes, the latter yellowish-hyaline basally,
infuscated apically . . . . 9. texensis, sp. n.
bb. Tegmina and wings, at least in the 9, extending but little, if at
all, beyond the tip of the abdomen ; the wings pellucid.
c. More robust: the sexes rather unequal in size. Hind femora

robust. . . 0.0. 2 6 ee ee eee ee ee. 10. subgracilis, Caudell.
cc. More slender: the sexes not greatly unequal in size. Hind
femora less robust. . . . . . «ee e ee « © [Il. pallidus, Bruner. ]

[1. Encoptolophus sordidus, Burm.

Cidipoda sordida, Burm. Handb, Ent. ii. p. 643 (1838) ’; Glover, Ill. N. Amer Ent., Orthopt.
t. 10. fig 11 (1872) ?; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 116 (1878) *

Acridium (Cidipoda) sordidum, Haan, Bijdr. Kenn. Orthopt. p. 148 (1842) °.

Tragocephala sordida, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 119 (1873) °; Thomas, Rep. St. Ent. Illinois, ix.

pp. 211 (1880) °

Encoptolophus sordidus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 479 (1875)"; Sauss. Prodr.
CEdip. p. 77 (1884) °.

Cidipoda (Encoptolophus) sordida, Prov. Faune ent. Canad. 11. p. 41 (1877) °.

Arphia sordida, Osborn, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. xxii. p. 59 (1891)

Locusta periscelidus, Say, in Harr. Cat. Ins. Mass. p. 56 (1835) ".

Locusta nebulosa, Harr. Ins. Inj. to Veg. p. 146 (1841) ”

_ Hab. Norra America !—!?, Texas (Saussure), U.S. and Canada east of the Rocky
Mountains (Scudder).
Tr 2

140 ORTHOPTERA.

This insect, which is the type of the genus, will very likely be found to occur like-
wise in portions of Northern Mexico. |

(2. Encoptolophus coloradensis, sp. n.

Somewhat resembling Z. sordidus in general form, but differing from it in several respects. The chief of these
variations are—a lower median carina of the pronotum, in which the two sections are about equal in
height, glaucous (instead of fuliginous) hind tibie, and a prevailingly pale greyish-testaceous colour, with
decided dark markings on the tegmina, hind femora, and posterior half of the pronotal disc.

Length of body, ¢ 19, 9 28; of antennz, ¢ 7, 2 8; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 9 5; of tegmina, ¢ 11, 2 20;
of hind femora, ¢ 11, @ 14 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Fort Collins, Colorado (C. P. Gillette).
A pair, captured on August 14th. ]

3. Encoptolophus costalis, Scudd.
CEdipoda costalis, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 473 (1862)*; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer.
p. 112 (1873) 2.
Tragocephala costalis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. p. 119 (1873) °*.
Encoptolophus costalis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 480 (1875) *; Sauss. Prodr.
Cidip. p. 77 (1884) °.
Hab. Norra America 1~, Texas, New Mexico, &c.—Mexico, Alta Mira in Tamaulipas,
Zapotanito and Juanacatlan in Jalisco (Jas. A. G. Rehn).

The author has authentic specimens of both this and the following species before
him as these lines are being written. ‘These insects bear labels in Scudder’s hand-
writing. They appear to be distinct.

4, Encoptolophus parvus, Scudd.
Encoptolophus parvus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 480 (1875) '; Sauss. Prodr. (dip.
p. 78 (1884) °; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 524°.

Hab. Norta America, Texas 1~?,—Mexico, Guadalajara in Jalisco (Jas. A. G. Rehn).

This may be only a diminutive, short-winged variety of E. costalis, as suggested by
Saussure (loc. cit.); but the differences as given in the synoptic table point to a
separation of the two as distinct species.

[5. Encoptolophus montanus, sp. n.

Encoptolophus sordidus, Cooley, Bull. Agr. Exp. Stat. Mont. no. 51, p. 288, t. 6. fig. 4 (1904)
(nec Burm.) ’.

The insect here referred to as new is much smaller than £. sordidus (Burm.), with which it may be briefly
compared, In size and form it is very similar to Camnula pellucida, a species that is largely testaceous,
instead of green and cinereous. . montanus differs from E. sordidus by being frequently in great part
green, especially in the 2, and in having the dark markings of the tegmina more decided, the abdomen
lighter-coloured, and the X-shaped light mark of the disc of the pronotum frequently absent. The hind

ENCOPTOLOPHUS. 141

tibia are deep greyish-blue, while in Z. sordidus they are fuscous and with a sub-basal pale annulus, and
the median fuliginous band of the tegmina is oblique, not transverse, as in FE. sordidus.

Length of body, 6 17, 9 24; of pronotum, ¢ 36, 2 5; of tegmina, g 13°5, 9 20; of hind femora, g 10,
2 13°5 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Bozeman, Montana (ft. A. Cooley).

Although EF. montanus is not likely to be found in Mexico, the fact that it is sub-
alpine in its habitat suggests its rather close relationship to the following two species. ]

6. Encoptolophus fuliginosus, sp. n.

General colour rather dark smoky-brown, with darker markings on the sides of the pronotum, the tegmina,
and hind femora, the lighter portions sometimes largely green, as in EH. montanus, which is about the
same size. Compared with that insect, the present species has decidedly well-defined dark sides to the
pronotum (while in £. montanus this infuscation is scarcely noticeable), the hind femora are more
strongly banded externally, the hind tibiz are leaden-brown (instead of decidedly blue), and the banding
of the tegmina is inconspicuous.

Structurally Z. fuliginosus is rather more slender than EZ. montanus ; the pronotum is a little longer and less
strangulate in advance of the principal sulcus, the hind lobe of the disc is longer, the apex is more acute
(being right-angled, rather than obtuse), and the sides are much more smooth and shiny; the hind femora
are longer and more strongly carinate; and the head is narrower, with the median costa of the face less
broad and more deeply sulcate.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 2 27; of pronotum, d 3°85, 2 5:1; of tegmina, ¢ 15, 9 20; of hind femora,
3 10°5, 2 14°25 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. 7. Townsend).

A large series of both sexes. Judging from the number of specimens at hand, the
present species must be very common, possibly abundant, and may even be destructive
to vegetation.

7. Encoptolophus herbaceus, sp. n. (Tab. II. fig. 13, 2.)

Size small, the body compressed, moderately slender. Head no broader than the front edge of the pronotum,
its vertex somewhat narrower than in any of the preceding species, the sulcus decidedly elongate, acumi-
nate in front, to a much greater extent in the ¢ than in the 9, the posterior extremity provided with
a strong median carina that fades away on the occiput; lateral foveole equilaterally triangular, but
gently sulcate ; frontal costa moderately prominent, the sides gently divergent below, shallowly sulcate ;
antenne short and rather heavy, especially so apically, in the 9 about reaching the posterior sulcus, in
the g extending to the hind edge of the pronotum. Pronotum with the sides nearly parallel on the
anterior lobe, divergent behind ; lateral carine almost equally prominent thronghout, straight, about one-
third nearer together in front than behind; median carina rather coarse and moderately prominent, cut
considerably in advance of its middle by the principal sulcus ; hind margin almost a right angle (9 ), or
somewhat acute(3). Tegmina in the 9 reaching the tip of the abdomen, in the ¢. extending about
one-fourth their length beyond it. Hind femora rather compressed, not quite reaching the apex of the
abdomen in either sex.

General colour of the head, the pronotum, the sides of the meso- and metathorax, the external face of the hind
femora, and the tegmina green (9) or pale testaceous(¢). Sides of the head back of the eyes and the
anterior part of the upper edge of the sides of the pronotum, together with a quadrate patch in the
middle of the latter, dark piceous. Hind femora marked above with one conspicuous, and one or two
smaller, oblique patches of black, and on the lower half of the outer face by two rather narrow very oblique
dashes of the same colour. Tegmina provided with the usual fuscous bars, the middle one large and

142 ORTHOPTERA.

somewhat oblique. Hind tibie pale glaucous, the base broadly annulate with pale testaceous or dirty
white.

Length of body, ¢ 12, 2 21; of antenna, ¢ & 2,4; of pronotum, ¢ 2°9, 9 4; of tegmina, g 11, 9 16;
of hind femora, ¢ 9, 2 11 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Chapultepec (Z. Bruner).

This beautiful little insect was found by the author in the fields about the outskirts
of Mexico city, where it occurred in moderate numbers.

[8. Encoptolophus californicus, sp. n.

An insect of moderate size, but.rather slender in build, and with an oblique face, when viewed laterally. The
@ is largely green and the ¢ wood-brown. Both sexes show the usual dark markings, though in a less
degree than in most of the other species of the genus. Pronotum with the lateral caring very prominent
and straight, continuous, gently converging in front; median carina cut a little in advance of the middle
by the last transverse sulcus, which alone shows on the disc; hind margin of the latter somewhat obtuse
in both sexes. Tegmina and wings surpassing the tip of the abdomen in both sexes. Hind femora about |
normal ( 2 ), or somewhat enlarged (3). Occipital carina prominent and continuous to the front edge of
the pronotum. Vertex narrow and projecting prominently forward in advance of the eyes.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 2 25; of antenna, ¢ 7, 9 6; of pronotum, ¢ 4:15, 2 5:1; of tegmina, ¢ 16-5,
Q 21; of hind femora, ¢ 11:5, 9 14 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Los Angeles, California (D. W. Coquillett: 3 @).

This locust should be included in the present work on account of its habitat being
in such close proximity to Mexican territory. It bears some resemblance at first glance
to the different species of the genus Chortophaga. The male in particular has this
appearance. |

9. Encoptolophus texensis, sp. n.
? Encoptolophus parvus Scudd. & Ckll. Proc, Dav. Acad. Sci. ix. p. 29 (1902) *.

In this insect the body is somewhat cylindrical, the median carina of the pronotum is sometimes rather weak,
but equally prominent on both lobes, and the lateral carine are for the most part inconspicuous and
greatly interrupted in advance of the principal sulcus. In some individuals the disc on each side of the
pronotum is irregularly tumescent in advance of the main sulcus. The vertex between the eyes is some-
what narrower than their shortest diameter and fairly deeply sulcate, pyriform in shape, and provided
with rather prominent bounding-walls, while the posterior longitudinal or occipital carina is nearly
obliterated. The pronotum is shorter than usual, and has the anterior lobe cylindrical, but the hind lobe
rapidly expands and is provided with well-marked shoulders; the posterior edge is nearly a right angle,
sometimes a little more or less. Tegmina extending beyond both the tip of the abdomen and the apex of
the hind femora in the two sexes. Hind femora somewhat robust, but of normal length.

General colour ferrugineo-brunneous or greyish-brown, with darker markings on the tegmina and hind femora.
The dorsal edges and the apical third of the former irregularly mottled with small fuscous dots, otherwise
with the rather definite dark markings common to the members of this genus. Hind femora showing
traces above and towards the apex of dusky bands. Hind tibie with their base broadly pale, for the rest
glaucous. Wings yellowish-hyaline, their apices and outer posterior border tinged with fuliginous, the
veins and veinlets of this area infuscated, the stigma large and strongly tinged with black.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 2 25; of pronotum, ¢ 3:95, 2 4:1; of tegmina, g 17, 2 23; of hind femora, ¢ 10,
@ 13°5 millim.

Hab, NortH America, Southern California and El Paso (G. W. Dunn), Carrizo

ENCOPTOLOPHUS.—CAMNULA. 148

Springs, Texas (A. Wadgymar), Mesilla, New Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend).—MExico,
Queretero and Lerdo, Durango (ZL. Bruner).

The present species is a somewhat aberrant form, but it must be placed in this
genus for the present. It may be the insect referred to by Scudder and Cockerell
(. c.) as Encoptolophus parvus.

10. Encoptolophus subgracilis, Caudell.
Encoptolophus subgracilis, Caudell, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. v. p. 163 (1908)*; Rehn, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad. p. 566 (1904) *.
Hab. NortH America, Arizona!?, Los Angeles, California (D. W. Coquillett).—
Mexico, Mazatlan (coll. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.).

[11. Encoptolophus pallidus, Bruner.
Encoptolophus pallidus, Bruner, N. Am. Fauna, vii. p. 266 (1898) *.

Hab. Norta America’, Panamint Valley, California (A. Koebele), Tucson, Arizona
(Hf. F. Wickham).

This insect is a denizen of the desert, and will no doubt be found later to occur in
Northern Mexico. |

HIPPOPEDON, Saussure.
Hippopedon, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 322 (1861) ; Prodr. Cidip. p. 80 (1884).

1. Hippopedon saltator, Sauss.
Hippopedon saltator, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 323 (1861)*; Prodr. Cidip. p. 80
(1884) *; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 218 (1873) °.

Hab. Mexico (Saussure*), Morelos (A. Koebele), Cuernavaca (H. Barrett).

This insect is not represented in the material before me; but a couple of specimens,
male and female, are contained in the present writer’s collection. It looks like a
species that might make its home amongst ordinary grasses and low herbage, rather
than in rank, growing, forest vegetation.

[CAMNULA, Stal.

CEdipoda (in part.), Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 467 (1862).
Camnula, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 114 (1878).

While Camnula is represented by but a single species, it enjoys a wide distribution,
being found in North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It occurs very
abundantly in the United States northward and in portions of British America. In

144 ORTHOPTERA,

many localities it is one of the destructive species. The following synonymy will at
once indicate the variability that exists in this insect.

1. Camnula pellucida, Scudd.

(Edipoda pellucida, Scudd. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 472 (1862) *.
CEdipoda (Camnula) pellucida, Prov. Faune ent. Canad. ii. p. 40 (1877) ’.
Camnula pellucida, Scudd. in Hitchcock’s Geol. N. H.i. p. 378 (1874) *.
Cidipoda atrox, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 253 (1872) *.
Camnula tricarinata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 120 (1878) °.
Stenobothrus obiona, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. 11. pp. 266, 279 (1871) °.
Camnula pellucida obiona, Cockerell, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xx. p. 837 (1894) *.

Hab. Norta America, California, Arizona, and New Mexico, in the mountain
valleys 1—7,

This species is certainly found in the mountains of Northern Mexico also, although
we have at present no records of such occurrence. |

HIPPISCUS, Saussure.

Hippiscus, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 398 (1861) ; Scudder, Psyche, vi. pp. 265 &e.
(1892).

The members of this genus, with perhaps a single exception, are confined entirely
to North America. Hippiscus, however, is best represented in the vicinity of the
boundary between Mexico and the United States, where a rather large number of
species occur. Several of these insects enjoy a wide distribution, in some instances
ranging from Central Mexico almost, or quite, to the Saskatchewan River, and from the
interior basin of Utah to Florida and the New England States. With a knowledge of
this extended range of certain species in mind, it is thought best to enumerate all the
forms that are known to occur in the territory lying within a short distance to the
northward of the country included within the scope of this work.

As a rule, the representatives of the genus Hippiscus are rather large and robust,
being among the largest forms belonging to the subfamily. Some of the species live
over winter as nymphs, and are therefore among the first mature locusts to appear in
the spring. Both red- and yellow-winged individuals are to be met with ; but generally
the individuals of each species are all either the one or the other as regards the wing-
colour. Like many others of the Gidipodine genera, Hippiscus is rather characteristic
of arid and semiarid regions. The genus may be separated into three well-defined
sections or subgenera, viz., Hippiscus, Sticthippus, and Xanthippus. These sections,
together with the species treated, may be recognized by the following table.

- HIPPISCUS. 145

Table for separating the Species of Hippiscus *.
A. Antenne of the ¢ not attenuate or arcuate at the extremity ;
median carina of the pronotum cut only by the typical sulcus,
which is obsolete or rapidly fades out on the lateral lobes; the
posterior femora generally more dilated and with the inferior
border more arcuate.

6. No distinct sunken biareolate area at the summit of the frontal
costa; if vaguely present, separated from the costa below by
no carina or angle. Median carina of the pronotum sharply
distinct throughout. Markings of the tegmina usually
pantherine. Mesosternal lobes separated by a piece more
nearly quadrate than truncato-cuneate, though the posterior
corners of the lobes are rounded, but narrowly and
abruptly. (Hrprriscvs.)

ce. Anterior extremity of the scutellum of the vertex not
prolonged, narrowing rapidly, in front (except in H. pan-
therinus) as broad as or broader than half the width at the
middle ; hind margin of the pronotum usually rectangu-
late; margins of the tegmina distinctly pantherine.

d. Frontal costa distinctly, often considerably, narrowed at
its upper extremity, except in some females hardly, or
even less than, one-fourth the width of the space
between the eyes; the scutellum of the vertex rarely
furnished with transverse carine, then generally faint,
and the longitudinal carina terminating in the centre
with rare exceptions. Calcaria of the opposite sides of
the hind tibize subequal.

e. Lower third of the tegmina free from dark markings,
except in the anal area; the markings hardly pan-
therine. Tegmina tapering; the basal lobe of the
costal margin prominent, the width at this point
being fully one-third greater than at the tip of the
lower ulnar vein. Lateral carine of the pronotum
not very sharp . . . . ~ . . . IL. phenicopterus, Germ.

ee. Not more than the lower fourth of the tegmina, if any,
free from dark markings, these distinctly pantherine.
Tegmina subequal ; the lobe of the costal margin less
pronounced, the width at this point being scarcely
more than one-sixth greater than at the tip of the
lower ulnar vein. Lateral carine of the pronotum
sharp.

* This Table is simply that of Scudder, modified to cover " the forms here mentioned. (See ‘ Psyche,’ vi.
pp. 266-274, June 1892.)

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., March 1905. Uv

146 ORTHOPTERA.

f. Vertical scutellum hexagonal or heptagonal, broader
than long, the sides very rapidly narrowing in front
and distinctly angulate next the front edge of the
eye. The light transverse markings of the apical
half of the tegmina scarcely more than one-half as
broad as the darker markings .. . . (2. pantherinus, Scudd.]
Sf. Vertical scutellum longer than broad, pyriform, the
sides distinctly rounded and less rapidly narrowing.
Light markings of the apical half of the tegmina
almost or quite as broad as, or even broader than,
the darker markings.
g. Granules on the dorsum of the metazona by their
confluence distinctly following lines forming
oblique ruge parallel to the hind margin.
Lateral canthi of the pronotum as distinct and
sharp on the hinder portion of the prozona as on .
the front part of the metazona . . . . . . ([8. haldemani, Scudd.]
gg. Granules on the dorsum of the metazona rarely
confluent, and when this is the case showing no
marked tendency to follow lines parallel to the
hind margin. Lateral angles or ridges of the
pronotum much less distinct and duller on the
hinder part of the prozona than on the front
part of the metazona . . . » . . « 4, ¢exanus, Scudd.
dd.. Frontal costa not at all or scarcely narrowed at its upper
extremity, always more than one-third, sometimes nearly
one-half, the width of the space between the eyes ;
the scutellum of the vertex divided by longitudinal
and transverse carine into four subequal quadrants.
Calearia of hind tibis markedly unequal on the
opposite sides,
e. Lateral canthi of the pronotum not very sharp, inter-
rupted and devious between the sulci; the metazona
of the @ distinctly longer than the prozona, the
former comparatively smooth . . .. . . . . ([5. rugosus, Scudd.]
ee. Lateral canthi of the pronotum acute, continuous
throughout, arcuate; metazona of the ? scarcely
longer than the prozona, the former with the disc
moderately rugose. . . . . . . «. © « « . 6. ocelote, Sauss.
ce. Anterior extremity of the scutellum of the vertex prolonged,
narrowing gradually, in front less than half the width at
the middle; hind margin of the pronotum acutely angled
(rarely, by variation, rectangulate) ; markings of tegmina
hardly or not at all pantherine.

HIPPISCUS.

d. Metazona with two pairs of distinct lateral ruge parallel
to the hind margin; basal discoidal field of the tegmina,
including the ulnar area, broadly maculate, the apical
half multimaculate; ulnar tenia of the hind wings
ending far short of the base, the intermediate space
filled with closely crowded cross-veins ; veins at the end
of the humeral field more or less laterally stained with
blackish-fuscous at the cross-veins, rarely absent.

dd. Metazona without lateral oblique ruge; basal discoidal
field of the tegmina, and especially the ulnar area,
almost or quite immaculate, the apical half pauci-
maculate; ulnar tenia almost reaching the base, the
cross-veins next the base not closely crowded ; veins at
the end of the humeral field immaculate

bb. At the point where the scutellum of the vertex and the frontal
costa meet, between the apices of the lateral foveole, a
distinct sunken transversely biareolate field on the frontal
fastigium easily distinguished, both from the vertical scutel-
lum and the frontal costa. Posterior sulcus of the prozona
terminating on the typical sulcus in two forks, one at the
lateral borders of the normal discal scutellum, the other, by
deeply cutting the lateral walls of the scutellum, close to the
median line. Median carina of the metazona posteriorly
more or less subobsolete in the @. Markings of the
tegmina not distinctly pantherine. Mesosternal lobes
separated by a truncate, but distinctly wedge-shaped,
median piece, the posterior corners of the lobes being very
broadly rounded. (Sricrurprvs.) . . oe
AA. Antenne of the ¢ attenuate or arcuate, in dried specimens
often partly coiled, at the extremity; median carina of the
pronotum intersected by two sulci and generally obliterated
between them, bnt sometimes indicating the anterior sulcus
only by sinuation ; posterior femora generally less dilated, the
inferior border less arcuate. (XANTHIPPUS.)

b. Antenne of the ¢ usually as long as the hind femora,
gradually attenuated apically for at least one-fifth their
length, curled, cochleate, or hooked at the tip when dry.
Tegmina distinctly pantherine in markings; occasionally
obscured (in variation) by obsolescence; intercalary vein
arcuate, approaching at least twice as close to the median
at its apex as near its base. The fuscous transverse band
of the wings so far removed from the apex as to leave a
vitreous area, especially in the ¢, covering four marginal
lobes or even more. Pronotal carina, with rare exceptions,

147

7. saussurei, Scudd.

8. tuberculatus, Pal. Beauv.

[9. californicus, Scudd.]

Uu 2

148 ORTHOPTERA.

more or less obliterated between the principal sulci. Summit

of the cranium usually carinulate between the eyes.

c. § of medium or large size, the tegmina surpassing the
abdomen in both sexes; area of the ulnar fork rarely
filled with a single, usually with a complete double, row
of cells. Metazona usually tumid centrally to a greater
or less extent, and considerably depressed or indentate
anteriorly on either side of the median carina.

d. Intercalary vein of the tegmina near its extremity run-
ning so close to the median as commonly to be hardly
separated from it by more than its own thickness ;
markings of the tegmina sharp and well-defined ; trans-
verse bands of the wings distinctly narrowed, sometimes
obsolescent, at the anal vein; process of the metazona
normally less than a right angle.

e. Bounding-walls of the vertical scutellum and other
carine of the vertex generally dull and low; meta-
zona about two-thirds as long again as the prozona,
its dorsum variable, its rugosities not very prominent,
rarely confluent ; the transverse fuscous band of the
wings usually very broad, in the second lobe below
the anal vein often more than twice as broad as the
width of the lobe.

f. Species of great size ; the maculations on the apical
third of the tegmina often obscure by lack of depth
of colour, lessening the contrasts between the
darker and lighter spots, but sometimes sharp
and well-defined ;. the fuscous band of the wings
generally very dark; inside of the hind femora
usually blue, except the red apical third . . . . 10. corallipes, Hald.

Jf. Species of rather small or medium size; the macula-

tions on the apical third of the tegmina generally
with distinct contrasts; the fuscous band of the
wings generally fuliginous; inside of the hind
femora usually wholly red . . . . . « . «LL. zapotecus, Sauss.
ee. Bounding-walls of the vertical scutellum and other
carine of the vertex usually sharp and relatively
high; metazona twice as long as the prozona, its
dorsum centrally tumid, its rugosities prominent and
usually more or less confluent; the transverse fuscous
band of the wings usually narrow or moderate, in the
second lobe below the anal vein rarely so much as
twice the width of the lobe.
f. The transverse pale band of the anterior margin of

HIPPISCUS. 149

the tegmina opposite the middle of the intercalary
vein but little broader than the others ; the fuscous
band of the wings narrow, hardly touching the
margin anywhere and often widely interrupted
between the arcuate fascia and the humeral vein.
g. The darker markings occupying one-half or more
of the tegmina, normally and completely con-
tinuous in the middle half of the tegmina and
usually broader than the pale interspaces. . . 12. conspicuus, Scudd.
gg. The darker markings occupying much less than
one-half of the tegmina, broken or partially
broken by the nervules into maculations in the
middle of the tegmina and usually narrower than
the pale interspaces. . . . . . . . « . [18. eremitus, Scudd.]}
ff. The transverse band of the anterior margin of the
tegmina opposite the middle of the intercalary vein
much, generally twice or more, broader than the
others; the fuscous band of the hind wings
moderately broad, reaching the margin over half
its course and hardly or but shghtly interrupted
atthe anal vein . . . ..... .. © . ‘14 pardalinus, Sauss.
dd. Intercalary vein of the tegmina separated near its ex-
tremity from the median by a moderately wide space ;
markings of the tegmina often somewhat blurred or
ill-defined, but sometimes perfectly sharp; transverse
band of the wings generally narrowed somewhat at the
anal vein, but less noticeably than in the alternative
category and never obsolescent; process of the meta-
zona normally rectangulate.
e. The fuscous markings of the apical half of the tegmina
hardly occupying so much as half the space, arranged
in generally transverse, well-defined blotches, rarely
so long as half the breadth of the tegmina.
f. Rugosities of the dorsum of the pronotum irregularly
distributed; median carina of the metazona but
slightly elevated, scarcely arched; the transverse
fuscous bars of the tegmina with tolerably regular,
rounded, and sharply limited outlines ; hind femora .
distinctly and very obliquely barred exteriorly . . 15. maculatus, Scudd.
ff. Rugosities of the dorsum of the pronotum more or
less distinctly ranged into series parallel to the two
sides of the process ; median carina of the metazona
considerably elevated, distinctly arched ; the trans-
verse fuscous bars of the tegmina scarcely rounded,

150 ORTHOPTERA.

with ill-defined, irregular margin on the apical
half; hind femora not or obscurely barred ex-
teriorly . . .
ee. The fuscous markings of the apical half of ‘the tegmina
occupying fully three-fourths its area, arranged in
well-defined transverse bars nearly or quite crossing

the tegmina.

f. Dorsum of the prothorax with very prominent, often
sharp, rugosities; the fuscous band of the wings
very broad, not at all narrowed at the anal vein

Jf. Dorsum of the prothorax with less prominent, though
coarse, dull rugosities; the fuscous band of the
wing narrow, or if of medium width then distinctly
and considerably narrowed at the anal vein .

eee. The fuscous markings of the apical half of the tegmina
irregularly maculate with a tendency to a transverse
arrangement, but with ill-defined very irregular mar-
gins, and occupying perhaps half the whole area.

f. Dorsum of the prothorax more heavily and coarsely
rugulose; tegmina relatively long, distinctly sur-
passing the abdomen in the ?; the darker tints
of the tegmina generally prevailing over the lighter,
particularly in the middle of the tegmina; the
fuscous band of the wings relatively broad

Ff. Dorsum of the prothorax less heavily and coarsely
rugulose; tegmina relatively short, not surpassing
the abdomen in the ? ; the darker tints of the
tegmina subordinate to the lighter, particularly in
the middle of the tegmina; the fuscous band of the
wings relatively narrow

cc. 3 of small size. Tegmina of the 9 shorter than ‘the
abdomen ; area of the ulnar fork rarely filled with more
than a single row of cells and then only for a portion of
its length. Metazona plane above, with obscure or no
indentation anteriorly. Shoulder of the tegmina with
paler markings contrasting with the rest of the dark base ;
all the markings of the tegmina sharp and distinct.

d. Antenne of the ¢ almost as long as the pronotum ; pro-
notum of the ? nearly half as long again as its extreme
dorsal width .

dd. Antenne of the ? considerably shorter ‘than the pro-
notum ; pronotum of the 9 but little longer than its

extreme dorsal width . .

bb. Antenne of the ¢ distinctly shorter than the hind femora,
apically attenuate for rarely more than one-eighth their

. [16. tigrinus, Scudd.]

. [17. leprosus, Sauss.]

. [18. paradozus, Thom. |

. [19. africtus, Scudd. ]

. 20. toltecus, Sauss.

. [21. cupidus, Scudd.]

. [22. pumilus, Scudd. ]

HIPPISCUS. 151

length, at most arcuate or broadly uncinate when dry.
Tegmina rarely, though sometimes distinctly, pantherine,
usually irregularly mottled with moderately large alternate
blotches of dark fuscous and grey, and apically dotted with
pale fuscous; intercalary vein usually straight, rarely
approaching the median much nearer at its apex than next
its base, never more than twice as close. The fuscous trans-
verse band of the wings so near the apex that even in the 9
rarely more than two marginal lobes are covered by the
sometimes apically infuscated vitreous area. Pronotal
carina sometimes scarcely subdued between the principal
sulci. Summit of the cranium rarely carinate between the
eyes.
c. Median carina of the pronotum usually almost entirely
obliterated between the principal sulci; markings of the
tegmina distinctly pantherine, mostly confined to the
anterior half or three-fifths; apex of the axillary field
pallid ; the fuscous band of the wings somewhat obscure,
very narrow, narrowed at the anal vein; inferior carina of
the hind femora high and strongly arcuate; hind tibiz
yellow 2. 2. 1. ew ee ew ew ww ww ws (28. albulus, Scudd.]
cc. Median carina of the pronotum usually distinct between
the anterior and principal sulci; markings of the tegmina
not pantherine, but more or less marmorate, much as in
Trimerotropis, rather generally distributed ; inferior carina
of the hind femora usually normal, rarely high or strongly
arcuate.
d, Lateral lobes of the pronotum slightly wider below than
in the middle by the retro-arcuate curve of the hind
margin; inferior carina of the hind femora not espe-
cially prominent. Band of the hind wings rather
broad and continuing to the analangle. . . . . . 24. neglectus, Thom.
dd. Lateral lobes of the pronotum equal, the hind margin
vertical and not retro-arcuate ; inferior carina of hind
femora more or less prominent. Band of the hind wings
variable.
e. Size small; general colour brown. Wing-band incon-
spicuous and pale fuscous, not following the hind
border to the anal angle, the entire apex of the wing
dusky from the heavy infuscation of all the veins.
Hind femora largely black internally . . . 25. australis, sp. n.
ee. Size large; general colour cinereous. Wing-band
rather conspicuous, broad, black, and following the
hind border to the anal angle; apex vitreous. Hind
femora bright red internally. . . . . . . . « 26. montanus, Thom.

152 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Hippiscus phenicopterus, Germ.

Cidipoda phenicoptera, Germ. in Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 643 (1838) *.

Hippiscus phenicopterus, Sauss. Prodr. CGidip. p. 87 (1884) °; Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 267, 274,
285 (1892) *. |

(Edipoda discoides, Serv. Hist. Nat. Orthopt. p. 724 (1839) *; Scudd: Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii.
p- 469 (1862) °; Glover, Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 3. figs. 3, 7 (1872) °; Thomas, Syn.
N. Am. Acrid. pp. 183-1385 (1878) ”.

Hippiscus discoideus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 121 (1873) °; Thomas, Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat.
Hist. i. p. 66 (1876) °; Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 89 (1877) ».

Hab. Norta America, from Texas and Florida north to Nebraska and Penn-
sylvania 1-10,

This insect most certainly extends to the Mexican territory across the Rio Grande.

(2. Hippiscus pantherinus, Scudd.
Hippiscus pantherinus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. p. 285 (1892).

Hab. Nortu America, Pecos River, Texas 1. ]

(3. Hippiscus haldemani, Scudd.
Cdipoda haldemanii, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 251 (1871)1; Glover, Illustr. N. Am.
Ent., Orthopt. t. 13. fig. 3 (1872) ”. |
Hippiscus haldemanii, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 264 (1876) *.
CGidipoda paradoxa, Glover (nec Thomas), Illustr. N. Am. Ins., Orthopt. t. 18. fig. 14 (1874) *.
Hippiscus nanus, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 86-87 (1884) °.
Hippiscus tuberculatus, McNeill, Psyche, vi. p. 63 (1891) °.
Cdipoda neglecta, Thomas, Key Illinois Orthopt. p. 8 (1875) 7; Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist. i.
p. 64 (not Gi. neglecta, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, pp. 81-82) °.
Hab. Nortu AMERICA, interior, from ‘Texas to Northern Nebraska, and perhaps also
into Mexican territory 1°. |

4. Hippiscus texanus, Scudd.
Hippiscus texanus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 286-287 (1892) *.

flab. NortaH America, Dallas and San Antonio, Texas}.

As this insect seems to be a southern species, it no doubt belongs also to the
Mexican regions bordering the Rio Grande.

(5. Hippiscus rugosus, Scudd.

CGidipoda rugosa, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 469 (1862)'; Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt.
Brit. Mus. iv. p. 731 (1870) *; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Am. pp. 182-183 (1878) *.

Hippiscus rugosus, Scudd. Rep. Geol. N. Hamp. i. p. 877 (1874) *; Psyche, vi. pp. 287, 288
(1892) °; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 33 (1900) ° ; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 85 (1884) ’.

Hippiscus corallipes, var. rugosus, Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois, ix. pp. 95, 115, 116 (1880) °*.

HIPPISCUS. 153

Hab. Nortu America, San Antonio, Texas, to Montana and eastward to the New
England States 1~7.

H. rugosus is said by Scudder to be a southern insect. It very likely occurs also in
Mexico, but we have no specimens or records from there. | |

6. Hippiscus ocelote, Sauss.

(Edipoda (Hippiscus) ocelote, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. pp. 898, 399 (1861) *; Orthopt.
Nov. Amer. ii. pp. 29, 80 (1861) ’.

Hippiscus ocelote, Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Am. pp. 200, 201 (1873)*; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip.
pp. 84, 85 (1884) *; Addit. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 26, 27 (1888)*; Scudd. Psyche, vi. p. 302
(1892) °.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova, Guanajuato (Saussure 4*), Guadalajara (Jas. A. G. Rehn),

Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci.).

This species is closely related to the preceding. The specimens examined show
considerable variation in size and mottling.

7. Hippiscus saussurei, Scudd.
Gdipoda haldemanii, Thomas (in part.), Syn. Acrid. N. Am. pp. 180-132 (1878) ’.
Hippiscus haldemanii, Sauss. (in part.) Prodr. Gidip. pp. 85, 86 (1884) ”.
HMippiscus saussurei, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 268, 302 (1892) °*.

Hab. NortH AMERICA, various localities in Texas } 2 3,

This large insect seems to be southern in its distribution. The specimens before
me are from the vicinity of San Antonio. It most certainly occurs within Mexican
territory also.

8. Hippiscus tuberculatus, Palis. de Beauv.

Acridium tuberculatum, Pal. de Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 145, t. 4. fig. 1 (1817) ’.

Locusta tuberculata, Harr. Cat. Ins. Mass. p. 56 (1835) *.

Hippiscus tuberculatus, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 87, 88 (1884)°; Addit. Prodr. Cidip. p. 27
(1888) *; Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 303-304 (1892) *; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 33 (1900) °.

Locusta apiculata, Say, MSS. in Harr. Cat. Ins. Mass. p. 56 (1835) ”.

Cdipoda obliterata, Germ. in Burm. Handb. Ent. 11. p. 643 (1838) °.

Locusta corallina, Harr. Rep. Ins. Inj. Veg. 3rd ed. p. 176 (1862) °*.

Cdipoda phenicoptera, Scudd. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. pp. 468, 469 (1862) (nec Germ.)”;
Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 730 (1870) ”'.

Hipppiscus phenicopterus, Scudd. Rep. Geol. N. Hamp. i. p. 377 (1874) *; Rep. Brit. N. Am.
Bound. Comm. p. 344 (1875) ¥.

Cidipoda pulchripennis, Blanch. MSS.".

Hab. Norru America !~!*, Central United States east of the Great Plains, becoming
rare southwards.—MExico, Oaxaca 4.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. I1., June 19085. Xx

154 ORTHOPTERA.

This is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus, and, as Scudder says,
it is variable in its markings.

[9. Hippiscus californicus, Scudd.
Hippiscus (Sticthippus) californicus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 269, 317-318 (1892)*; Cat. Orthopt.
U.S. p. 83 (1900) *.

Hab. Norta America, Gilroy, Santa Clara county, California’, San Diego
(A. J. Cook).

The specimen found by Mr. Cook comes from near the Mexican border. It is much

smaller than the insect described by Scudder, but does not appear to be distinct from
I. californicus. |

10. Hippiscus corallipes, Hald.

(Edipoda corallipes, Hald. in Stansb. Expl. Utah, p. 371, t. 10. fig. 2 (1852) *; Thomas, Acrid.
N. Am. p. 180 (1873)’; Rep. U.S. Geol. & Geogr. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 879
(1875) *. |

Hippiscus corallipes, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. i. p. 264 (1876)*; Rep. U.S. Ent.
Comm. ii., Append. 2, p. 26 (1881) °; Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois, ix. pp. 95, 115, 116
(1880) °; Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 318, 319 (1892) ”.

Xanthippus corallipes, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 90 (1884) °.

Hab. Nortu America !~§, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, El Paso (L. Bruner).

While there are no records of this species from south of the international boundary-
line, there can be but little doubt of its occurrence in Mexican territory.

11. Hippiscus zapotecus, Sauss.
Xanthippus zapotecus, Sauss. Prodr. C&dip. p. 91 (1884) *.
Hippiscus zapotecus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 270, 319 (1892) *; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 35 (1900) °*.
Hab. Norta America, Iowa to New Mexico and California ?.—Mexico (Saussure 1),
Guadalajara, Jalisco (Jas. A. G. Rehn).

Although this is a very common species on the tablelands of Central and Northern
Mexico, it is not represented in any of the collections at hand.

12. Hippiscus conspicuus, Scudd.

Hippiscus conspicuus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 319, 320 (1892)*; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 34
(1900) ®.

Hab. Nortu America, Kansas and New Mexico ! ?.—Mexico, Montezuma, Chihuahua
(C. H. T. Townsend).

A single male of this species was captured by Mr. Townsend at Montezuma in

HIPPISCUS. 155

May 1893. It should occur in other portions of Northern Chihuahua and also
in Sonora.

[13. Hippiscus eremitus, Scudd.
Hippiscus eremitus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 820, 333 (1892)'; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 34
(1900) ®.
Hab. Norta America! 2, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner).

While but a single specimen of this insect is at hand, it appears to belong to an
arid region and is quite likely to occur in Mexico. |

14. Hippiscus pardalinus, Sauss.
Cidipoda pardalina, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 324 (1861)'; Orthopt. Nov. Am. ii.
p- 27 (1861) °; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Am. pp. 213, 214 (1873) *.
Xanthippus pardalinus, Sauss. Prodr. Edip. pp. 90, 91 (1884) *.
Hippiscus pardalinus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 333 (1892)’; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 35
(1900) °.
Hab. Nortu America, California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico ® °.—Mexico
(Saussure !-5), Ciudad in Durango (forrer), Vera Cruz and Tlalpam (ZL. Bruner),
Jalisco (Mus. Tacubaya).— VENEZUELA; ANTILLES.

15. Hippiscus maculatus, Scudd.
Hippiscus maculatus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 234 (1892)'; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 34
(1900) 2.
Hab. Norra America, Colorado and Arizona !.—MeExico, San Luis Potosi
(Palmer: 2).

(16. Hippiscus tigrinus, Scudd.
Hippiscus tigrinus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 274, 334 (1892) *; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 35 (1900) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Nebraska to Arizona }.

This insect will very likely be found to occur within Mexican territory. |

(17. Hippiscus leprosus, Sauss.
Xanthippus leprosus, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 92 (1884) *.
Hippiscus leprosus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 334 (1892) ’*.

Hab. Norta America, New Mexico (Saussure +1), Reno, Nevada (Scudder 2).

Like many other species of the genus, this locust evidently enjoys a wide distribu-
tion and may therefore occur a little further to the southward of the locality given
by Saussure. |

Xx 2

156 ORTHOPTERA.

(18. Hippiscus paradoxus, Thomas.

Cdipoda paradoxa, Thomas, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 457 (1872)'; Syn. Acrid. N. Am.
p. 182 (1878) *; Glover, Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 18. fig. 14 (1874) *.

Hippiscus paradorus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 271, 335, 336 (1892) *; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 35
(1900) *.

Hab. Nortn America, Idaho and Nebraska to Arizona and New Mexico !-5.]

[19. Hippiscus affrictus, Scudd.
Hippiscus affrictus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 272, 336, 337 (1892)*; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 34
(1900) 2.
Hab. Norta America, Yuma, Arizona (H. F. Wickham), Colorado, Dakota, and
Nevada (Scudder ! ?).]

20. Hippiscus toltecus, Sauss.
Xanthippus toltecus, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 91, 92 (1884) *.
Hippiscus toltecus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 272, 347 (1892) *; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 35 (1900) °*.

Hab. Norta America, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana !~3.—Mexico (Saussure ').

(21. Hippiscus cupidus, Scudd.
Hippiscus cupidus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 272, 348, 349 (1892) '; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 34
(1900)? ; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1894, p. 566°.

Hab. NortH America, Jerome and Prescot, Arizona (Oslar 3), Arizona and Colorado
(Scudder } 2). |

(22. Hippiscus pumilus, Scudd.
Hippiscus pumilus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 272, 349, 350 (1892)*; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 35
(1900) *. |
Hab. Norrs America, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona! 2,

Both the present and the preceding species are mountain forms and usually occur
at high altitudes. They may be looked for in the mountain districts of Northern
Mexico. |

[23. Hippiscus albulus, Scudd.
Hippiscus albulus, Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 273, 350, 359 (1892) *; Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 34 (1900) *.

Hab. Nortn America, Prescott Mts., Arizona (Palmer '),]

24, Hippiscus neglectus, Thomas.

CEdipoda neglecta, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, pp. 81, 82'; Rep. U.S. Geol.
Surv. Wyom. pp. 276, 277 (1871)*; Syn. Acrid. N. Am. pp. 128, 129 (1873) °; Rep. U.S.
Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. pp. 881, 882, t. 44. fig. 3 (1875) *.

HIPPISCUS. 157

Arphia neglecta, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. p. 254 (1876)°; Ann. Rep. Chief Eng.
1878, p. 1844 °.

Hippiscus neglectus, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. i. p. 264 (1876) " ; Thomas, Rep. Ent. Illinois
ix. pp. 114, 115 (1880) * ; Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 273, 360, 361 (1892) °.

Xanthippus neglectus, Sauss. Prodr. Gdip. pp. 94, 95 (1884) *°; McNeill, Psyche, vi. pp. 63, 64
(1891) ". |

Cratypedes putnami, Thomas, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. i. pp. 257, 258, t. 36. fig. 6 (1876) ” ;
Rep. U.S. Ent. Com, ii. p. 259 (1881) ™.

Hippiscus lineatus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 31 (1877); Sauss. Prodr. Cddip.
p- 87 (1884) ».

[Nec Gi. neglecta, Thomas, Key Illinois Orthopt. p. 3, and Bull. Illinois Mus. Nat. Hist. i. p. 64
(1876).]

Hab. Norra America, Rocky Mountain region from the high north, south into
Arizona and New Mexico !—14, also in the mountain regions near the Pacific

(Scudder °).

This is one of the most variable, and also the most widely distributed, species of the
genus. It is readily recognized from the nearly related forms by the retro-arcuate
posterior lateral margins of the pronotum. It most assuredly will be met with in the
mountain districts of Durango and Chihuahua in Mexico.

o

25. Hippiscus australis, sp. n.
? Trimerotropis monticola, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 97 (1900)’.
? Trimerotropis fascicula, Rehn, loc. cit. p. 227”.

Size small ; general colour dull brown, inconspicuously marked with fuscous on the tegmina and hind femora ;
in general appearance resembling at first sight a short-winged, rather robust, medium-sized T'rimerotropis,
but differing from the species of that genus in the shape of the scutellum of the vertex, the very much
rougher pronotum, and the dissimilarly coloured wings. Related to H. neglectus, but with the median
carina of the pronotum very decidedly trilobed, and the hind margin of the lateral lobe vertical, instead
of retro-arcuate ; while in the two pairs at hand there is no sign of the pale line so common on the
humeral angle of the tegmina of H. neglectus.

Vertex of moderate width, about as broad as the shorter ( ¢') or longer ( 9 ) diameter of one of the eves, the
bounding-walls fairly conspicuous and strongly converging towards the occiput, where they approach to
within a distance equal to one-half the longest width of the sulcus; separated in front from the upper
edge of the frontal costa by a fairly large, deep, transverse pit; the lateral foveole subtriangular, rather
deep; frontal costa prominent and strongly sulcate, especially in the vicinity of the ocellus; antennz
normal, a little longer than ( ¢ ) or about equalling ( 2 ) the combined length of the head and pronotum.
Pronotum with a moderately coarse, but not very high, median carina, which is strongly trilobed, tne
anterior portion being much the more prominent; disc and hind part of the lateral lobes somewhat
coarsely rugose or tuberculate, the tubercles arranged in longitudinal series on the former, the hind edge
slightly acute-angled. Tegmina and wings rather narrow, extending beyond the tip of the hind femora
and abdomen in both sexes; the intercalary vein not at all prominent, situated closer than usual to the
median vein. Hind femora rather robust, especially on the basal half, the lower carina quite prominent
on this portion.

General colour dull brown, inconspicuously marked upon the tegmina and hind femora with fuscous ; upon the
former these darker markings tend towards gathering into basal, median, and subapical patches, somewhat
similarly to the pattern of markings in certain forms of H. neglectus and some of the species of T'rimero-
tropis, Wings with the disc pale yellow, the outer two-fifths and the greater part of the anterior field

158 ORTHOPTERA.

fuliginous, or with all the veins obscure. Hind femora not banded externally, but marked internally and
below as in H. neglectus. abdomen bright ferruginous. Hind tibie red.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 9 25; of antennz, ¢ 9, 9 8; of pronotum, ¢ 4, 2 5:5; of tegmina, 5 18, 9 22 ;
of hind femora, ¢ 10, @ 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Eslava, Jalapa (0. W. Barrett: 3 ¢), Amecameca (C. C. Deam: @ }.

This may be the insect referred to by Rehn as Zrimerotropis monticola (Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 97) and again as T. fascicula (1. ¢. p. 227).

26. Hippiscus montanus, Thomas.
(idipoda montana, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. pp. 462, 463 (1872)*; Syn. Acrid.
N. Am. pp. 129, 180 (1873) 7; Glover, Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 12. fig. 12 (1872) °*.
Hippiscus montanus, Bruner, Canad. Ent. xvii. p. 12 (1885) *; Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 170
(1888) °; Scudd. Psyche, vi. pp. 278, 361 (1892) °; Cat. U.S. Orthopt: p. 35 (1900) ”.
Hab. North America, from north of the United States frontier to Arizona and
New Mexico !~,

This species, although it occurs over a wide range, is local in its distribution. So
far as the writer knows, H. montanus frequents sandy localities. It certainly reaches
Mexican territory.

.. LEPRUS, Sauss.
Leprus, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xi. p. 398 (1861) ; Prodr. Gidip. p. 96 (1884); Scudder,
Psyche, i. p. 75 (1900); Cockerell, Ent. News, xiii. pp. 8305-307 (1902).

This genus of locusts belongs to the austral region of North America, where its
representatives appear to be confined to mountainous regions and to rocky slopes on
which the vegetation is not too dense. While the individuals vary somewhat among
themselves, in both wing-length and colour, they seem to separate easily into distinct
species or at least into well-marked forms. Seven such are included here.

Table for separating the Species of Leprus.

A. Hind wings with the disc yellow.
b. Form very robust.

c. Larger: the pronotum decidedly verrucose or warty. . . . 1. elephas, Sauss.
cc. Smaller: the pronotum granulose. . . . . . . . . . 2 corpulentus, Sauss.
bb. Form more slender.
c. Size medium or small. (Pacific coast.) . . . . . . . . [8. intermedius, Sauss.]
cc. Very large. (New Mexico and Colorado.). . . . . . . [4 wheeler’, Thomas.]

AA. Hind wings with the disc blue.
6. The sexes more nearly equal in size; the tegmina rather regularly
banded.
c. Tegmina lighter, conspicuously banded and mottled to the
apex. Posterior lobe of tle pronotum only once and one-

half the length of the anterior one - . « [5. interior, sp. n.]

LEPRUS. 159

cc. Tegmina always more dusky, with the light band opposite the
black wing-band white or nearly so, the tegmen beyond this
plain or feebly marked. Posterior lobe of the pronotum
twice the length of the anterior one . .. . . . . . 6. cyaneus, CkIl.
bb. The sexes decidedly very equal in size; the tegmina somewhat
irregularly banded . . . . ww we ee ee ee ee 7. glaucipennis, Scudd.

1. Leprus elephas, Sauss.

CEdipoda (Leprus) elephas, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xili. p. 898 (1861) '; Orthopt. Nov. Am. 11.
p- 28 (1861) ”.

Leprus elephas, Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 795 (1870)°; Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N. Am.
p-. 219 (1873)*; Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 95, 96 (1884)°; Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 75 (1900) °;
Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 525".

Leprus corpulentus, Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 836 (1900) °*.

Hab. Norta America, Texas® 7—Mexico (Saussure 125), Sonora, San Luis Potosi,
&c. (Scudder, Rehn®*).

I have separated ZL. elephas and L. corpulentus, notwithstanding that they were
united by Scudder. |

2. Leprus corpulentus, Sauss.

Leprus corpulentus, Sauss. Prodr. dip. pp. 95, 96 (1884)'; Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 29 (1888) *;
Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 36 (1900) °; Psyche, ix. p. 75 (1900) *.

Leprus elephas, Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 75 (1900) (in part.) °.

Hab. Norra America, Texas and Arizona2°.—Mexico (Saussure', coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

Scudder, in writing of what he calls L. elephas, says: “the small female (a single
specimen) coming from Arizona....” This particular specimen, with the tegmina

26 millim. in length, would refer to the present species.

(3. Leprus intermedius, Sauss.
Leprus intermedius, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 96 (1884) *; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 36 (1900) *;
Psyche, ix. p. 75 (1900) *.
Hab. Norru America, British Columbia 3, California ! 2%. ]

(4. Leprus wheeleri, Thomas.
(Edipoda wheeleri, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 879, t. 44. fig. 1 (1875)°.
Leprus wheeleri, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 169 (1888) *; Cockerell, Ent. News, xii. pp. 8305-
307 (1902) °*; Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 788 (1903) *.
Leprus wheeleri (in part.), Bruner, Science, xxi. p. 133 (1893) >; Seudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 36
(1900) °; Psyche, ix. pp. 75, 76 (1900) *.
Hab. Norra AMERICA, Colorado and New Mexico !~“.

‘This form seems to be rather restricted in its distribution. |

160 ORTHOPTERA.

_ (5. Leprus interior, sp. n.
Leprus wheeleri (in part.), Bruner, Science, xxi. p. 133 (1893) '; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 36
(1900) *; Psyche, ix. pp. 75, 76 (1900) *.

As indicated in the table separating the species, the present insect comes closest to L. cyaneus, Cocker., but
differs from it in the much more slender hind femora, the relatively smoother head and pronotum, and
the shorter and more slender antenne, in addition to the characters there given. In colour L. interior
is pale cinereous above and testaceous beneath. In some specimens there is a faint tinge of ferruginous
about the pronotum and the base of the tegmina. The hind tibiz are pale glaucous, with a rather broad
basal pale portion. The hind femora show traces of a subapical dusky band externally, and the usual
black bands and the bluish tinge to the lower sulcus.

Length of body, ¢ 27, 2 36; of pronotum, ¢ 6:5, 9 8; of tegmina, g 29, 9 30; of hind femora, J 15,
2 17 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Salt Lake Valley, Utah (colls. L. Bruner & U.S. Nat. Mus.).

This beautiful locust is to be met with on the bench-lands at an altitude of 300 to
500 feet above the present water-level of the Great Salt Lake. It occurs on both the
eastern and western shores. The Nevada reference given by Scudder evidently refers
to this species. |

6. Leprus cyaneus, Cockerell.
Leprus cyaneus, Cocker. Ent. News, xiii. pp. 805, 806 (1902) *; Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xxvi, p. 788 (1903) *.
Leprus wheeleri, Towns. Ins. Life, vi. p. 31 (1898) °.
Leprus wheeleri (in part.), Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 36 (1900) *; Psyche, ix. pp. 75, 76 (1900) *.
Hab. Norra America, Colorado and New Mexico! (Gillette, Scudder), Salida
(A. N. Caudell), Texas (H. F. Wickham).

As this insect is common in the vicinity of Mesilla, New Mexico, it will undoubtedly
be found to occur also in the mountains of Northern Chihuahua.

7. Leprus glaucipennis, Scudd.
Leprus glaucipennis, Scudd. Psyche, ix. pp. 75, 76 (1900)'; Cocker. Ent. News, xiii. p. 307 (1902).
Hab, Nortn America, California!?—Mexico, Durango and San Luis (Scudder!),
-Hermosilla, Sonora (A. Koebele).

As indicated in the table, this species shows much inequality in size between the
sexes. It also shows great variation in the comparative rugosity of the pronotum.

{[AGYMNASTUS, Scudd.
Leprus (in part.), Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 32 (1877).
Agymnastus, Scudder, Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 75 (1897).
While the present genus is not represented in the collections before me nor recorded
as having been found within Mexican territory, it belongs to the same faunal area. A
single species only has been described.

AGYMNASTUS.—DISSOSTEIRA. 161

1. Agymnastus ingens, Scudd.
Leprus ingens, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 82 (1877) *.
Agymnastus ingens, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 75 (1897) ?.

Hab. Nortu America, Middle California ! 2.

The sexes of this peculiar insect differ greatly in appearance. The male reminds
one strongly of Hippiscus neglectus and two or three of its immediate allies, while
the female with the very robust body and short wings inclines one at first glance to
associate it with the Eremobiini. |

TROPIDOLOPHUS, Thomas.

Gryllus, Say, Amer. Ent. iii. t. 34 (1828) (nec Linnzeus).

Tropidolophus, Thomas, Rep. Acrid. N. Amer. (U.S. Geol. Surv. v.) p. 188, tab. fig. 1 (1878).
This remarkable genus of locusts is monotypic, and in its distribution seems to be

confined to the plains of Northern Mexico and portions of the South-western United

States.

1. Tropidolophus formosus, Say.

Gryllus formosus, Say, Amer. Ent. (ed. Le Conte) i. p. 78, t. 34. fig. 8 (1859)’; Thomas, Ann.
Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 266 (1871) *; Glover, Illustr. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 9. fig. 5
(1872) °.

Tropidolophus formosus, Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. pp. 138, 139, tab. fig. 1 (1873) *; Sauss. Prodr.
CEdip. p. 104 (1884) *.

Hab. Norra America, Arizona (Lemmon), New Mexico and northward to Colorado
and Nebraska!—>.—Mexico, Mazatlan (coll. Chicago Acad. Sci.), Casas Grandes,

Chihuahua (Dr. W. £. Hughes).

This is one of the interesting species of N.-American locusts, nowhere abundant,
but widely distributed. The insect lives on the high prairies, where it is to be met
with among the short grasses, usually of the genus Bouteloua. |

DISSOSTEIRA, Scudder *.

Cidipoda, Latreille, Fam. Nat. Régne Anim. (1825) et auctt. (in part.).
Dissosteira, Scudder, Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, Append. JJ, p. 511; Saussure, Prodr. Cidip. p. 134
(1884). |
A characteristic North-American genus composed of comparatively few species with
well-marked characters. Some of the representatives enjoy a wide distribution.

* Dissosteira and the following four genera seem to be rather more closely related than usual and may only
form well-marked sections in a rather variable and diversified section of the subfamily. Be this as it may, the
names are employed separately here. No doubt another genus should be added to include D. venusta, D. picti-
pennis, and D. planipennis, since all three of them are remarkably different from D. carolina, D. longipennis,
and D. spurcata. They are likewise just as distinct from Spharagemon, which follows.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER.. Orthopt., Vol. II., October 1905. Yy

162 ORTHOPTERA.

Table for separating the Species of Dissosteira.

A. Larger species. Tegmina and wings much longer than the body in
both sexes.
b. Wings with the disc largely fuliginous; the outer border pale.
c. Tegmina not distinctly marmorate. The pronotal crest of mode-

rateheight. 2. 6 0. 6 1 ee ee ee ee ew ee 1, carolina, Linn.
cc. Tegmina very conspicuously marmorate. The pronotal crest
higher . . . toe ee we ww ww «2. longipennis, Thom.
bb. Wings scarcely, if at all, fuliginous Loe ee . [8. spurcata, Sauss.]

AA. Smaller species. Tegmina and wings but little longer than the body
in either sex.
b. Wings with the disc some shade of red, crossed by a well-defined
fuliginous band.
c, Larger. Ground-colour inclining to fermaginols. The wing-
band fenestrate with light and dark . .. . . [4. venusta, Stal.]
cc. Smaller. Ground-colour Pian grey. The dusky wing- band of a
uniform colour . . . toe oe we ew ee). [5 pictipennis, sp. n.]
6b. Wings almost wholly hyaline or vitreous . . . . . . . « . [6. planipennis, sp.n.]

1. Dissosteira carolina, Linn.

Gryllus (Locusta) carolinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. i. p. 483 (1758) ’.

Acrydium carolinum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. iil. p. 491, t. 47. figg. 2, 3 (1773) *.

Gryllus carolinus, Fabr. Syst. Ent. p. 291 (1775) °.

Locusta carolina, Harr. in Hitche. Rep. Geol. Mass. p. 583 (1888) *.

(Edipoda carolina, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 643 (1838) °*.

Dissosteira carolina, Scudd. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, Append. JJ, p. 511 (1876)°; Cat. N.-Am.
Orthopt. i. p. 36 (1900) 7; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 187 (1884) °.

(idipoda (Dissosteira) carolina, Prov. Faune ent. Canad. ii. p. 89 (1887) *.

(Edipoda (Hippiscus) carolina, Caulf. Canad. Orthopt. pp. 12, 13 (1887) *°.

Dissosteira (Gidipoda) carolina, Towns. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. i. pp. 266, 267 (1890) ™

Locusta caroliniana, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. &c. 11. p. 89, t. 89 (1743) ™.

Hab. Nortu America, generally from ocean to ocean!—!?.—Mexico, Northern
Chihuahua (LZ. Bruner).

It is surprising that this species, which is so generally distributed over the adjoining
portions of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, has been overlooked by
collectors in Mexico. During the fall of 1887 (November) the present writer saw it
along the Mexican Central Railroad just south of El Paso, Texas.

2. Dissosteira longipennis, Thomas.

Cidipoda longipennis, Thom. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 463 (1872)'; Acrid. N. Am. p. 116
(1878) *. |

DISSOSTEIRA. 163

Dissosteira longipennis, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 511°; Cat. Orthopt. N. Am. p. 36
(1900) *; Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 137 (1884) °.
Cidipoda nebraskensis, Bruner, Canad. Ent. viii. p. 123 (1876) °.

Hab. Norta America, Idaho and Montana to Texas and N. Mexico !~*,

While no definite records, so far as I know, give this insect as belonging to Mexican
territory, it most certainly occurs on the tablelands of Northern Chihuahua, Coahuila,
and Sonora.

(3. Dissosteira spurcata, Sauss.
Dissosteira spurcata, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 137 (1884)*; Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 37 (1900) *.
CEdipoda obliterata, Thom. (nee Germ.), Canad. Ent. xii. pp. 221, 222 (1880) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Pacific region, Idaho to California !~°.

While this insect has not been reported from any Mexican localities, it is likely to
occur in Northern Sonora. |

[4. Dissosteira venusta, Stal.
(Edipoda venusta, Stal, Orthopt. Eug. Resa, p. 344 (1861)'; Braner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. ii.
p. 57 (1883) *.
Dissosteira (Spharagemon) venusta, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 138 (1884) °.
Spharagemon venustum, Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 37 (1900) *; Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 76
(1905) *.
Hab. Nortu America, California 1-5; Lower Catirornia (Eisen, in coll. Calif. Acad.
Sci.).
This species, on account of its bright vermilion hind wings, is an aberrant form for
both the present and the following genera. The colour-pattern of the tegmina would
place it with the Dissosteire rather than in the genus Spharagemon. |

[5. Dissosteira pictipennis, sp. n.

A rather small and not very robust insect, having the anterior lobe of the pronotum much narrowed and its
median carina well arched and fully twice as high as that on the posterior lobe; the disc is somewhat
inflated and provided with rather coarse lateral carine anteriorly and lateral ruge just in advance of the
transverse sulcus which severs the median carina; anterior edge somewhat angulate, the posterior margin
about a right-angle, the sides nearly twice as high as long, the lower edge oblique, with the posterior
angle broadly rounded. Vertex deeply sulcate and provided with a strong median longitudinal carina,
which extends across the occiput, and has at the anterior extremity a deep V-shaped depression. Tegmina
of medium width, surpassing the abdomen about one-fourth of their length, the apex suboblique, the
intercalary vein strong. Hind femora slender, reaching the apex of the abdomen. General colour pale
ashy-brown, the tegmina marked with darker flecks, which congregate so as to form three or four narrow
transverse patches. Wings with the disc pale vermilion, crossed just beyond their middle by a moderately
wide, arcuate, fuliginous band, which follows the posterior margin to the anal angle and the front edge
to the base, the outer portion vitreous, Hind femora obscurely fasciate; hind tibie pale plumbeous.

Length of body, 9, 21; of pronotum 5, of tegmina 21, of hind femora 12°5 millim.

Yy 2

164 ORTHOPTERA.

Hab. Norra America, California, probably in the vicinity of Indio (coll. L. Bruner).

A single female. This and several other interesting locusts are contained in a small
collection of insects made by Mr. Leon La Forge between Yuma and Los Angeles.
None of them bear definite locality-labels. ]

(6. Dissosteira planipennis, sp. n.

In form and size very similar to the preceding species, but differing from it in the slightly smaller size, the less
conspicuous longitudinal median carina of the vertex, and the lower median carina of the pronotum, and
also in the absence of a transverse dusky band on the wings, where only a trace of the fuliginous colour
is apparent along the anterior margin towards the base. The disc of the pronotum is coarsely granulose,

and the sides are but little higher than long. The hind femora are slender and definitely banded, while
the hind tibiw are testaceous and rather more strongly spined and spurred than usual.

Length of body, 2, 19; of pronotum 4:5, of tegmina 19, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Southern California, between San Diego and San Bernardino
(coll. L. Bruner).

Taken by Mr. Leon at La Forge. The present species may be congeneric with the
insect described by me as Scirtetica occidentalis, which is included in that genus as
here treated. The only specimen of that species in collections, so far as known to
the present writer, is the type which is in the U.S. National Museum in Washington. ]

SPHARAGEMON, Scudder.

Gryllus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. p. 307 (1825) (in part.).
(Edipoda, Latreille et auct. (in part.).

Spharagemon, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 468 (1878).
Dissosteira (Spharagemon), Saussure, Prodr. Cidip. p. 1385 (1884).

The genus Spharagemon is confined to North and Central America, where about a
dozen species occur. Some of these are distributed in arid localities, while others
may be taken in rather humid regions. At least one half of them belong to the
fauna of the region under consideration in the present paper. As will be seen
by a reference to the following synoptic table, it is composed of species showing
considerable variation among themselves.

Table for separating the Species of Spharagemon.

A. Carina of pronotum equally compressed throughout; the disc flat in
longitudinal section. Hind tibiz generally annulate with fuscous.
b. Hind tibiz plainly annulate with fuscous.
c. Head and body somewhat compressed. Metazona less than
twice as long asthe prozona . . . . . se. OL bolli, Seudd.
cc. Head and body robust. Metazona more than twice as long as
the prozona. . - 0 6 « 6 «© 2 robustum, Morse.
bb. Hind tibie very faintly, if at t all, annulate with fuscous . . . ([8. inornatum, Morse.]

SPHARAGEMON. 165

AA. Carina of pronotum variable, unequally compressed; the disc not flat
in longitudinal section.
6. Pronotum with its median carina not greatly elevated, yet distinctly

carinate 2. 1 1 ww eee ee ee ew ew ee 4 quale, Say.
6b. Pronotum with its median carina cristate.
c. The crest greatly elevated, both sections arched . . . . . . 5. eristatum, Scudd.
cc. The crest less strongly elevated, the anterior portion straight or
sinuate . . 1 1 we ee ee we ew ew ew) «6G. collare, Scud.

1. Spharagemon bolli, Scudd.

Spharagemon bolli, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 469 (1875)*; Morse, Psyche, vii.
p- 290 (1895) *.

Dissosteira (Spharagemon) bollii, Sauss. Prodr. Gdip. p. 140 (1884) *.

Spharagemon balteatum, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 469 (1875) *.

Hab. Nortsa America, South-western Texas !~4.

Not contained in the material before me coming from Mexican territory. It most
certainly occurs across the Rio Grande in the States of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.

2. Spharagemon robustum, Morse.
Spharagemon robustum, Morse, Psyche, vii. p. 291 (1895) *.

Hab. Mexico, Coahuila (coll. S. H. Scudder: 1 21).

Professor Morse says this may be an extremely large form of the preceding species
(loc. cit.).

(3. Spharagemon inornatum, Morse.
Spharagemon inornatum, Morse, Psyche, vii. pp. 291 (1895) ’.

Hab. Norta America, Hot Springs, New Mexico (coll. L. Bruner 1).

While no records of the presence of this insect in Mexican territory are at hand, the
fact that it comes from the arid south-west would suggest that it is liable to be met
with in suitable situations in Chihuahua as well. ]

4, Spharagemon zxquale, Say.

Gryllus equalis, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. p. 807 (1825) ’.

Locusta equalis, Harr. Cat. Ins. Mass. p. 56 (1835) *.

(Edipoda equalis, Uhler, in Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg. 3rd ed. p. 178 (1862) °.

Trimerotropis equalis, Scudd. in Hitche. Rep. Geol. New Hampshire, i. p. 377 (1874) *.

Spharagemon equale, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 468 (1875) °; Morse, Psyche, vii.
p- 291 (1895) °.

Dissosteira (Spharagemon) equalis, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 139, 140 (1884) ’.

? Gdipoda belfragei, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 129 (1878) °.

166 ORTHOPTERA.

Hab. Nortn America, east of the Rocky Mountains !~§.—Mexico, Coahuila and
Chihuahua (Z. Bruner).

If the synonymy of this species were carefully worked out it would no doubt embrace
other references in addition to those here given (see Morse, loc. cit.).

5. Spharagemon cristatum, Scudd.
Spharagemon cristatum, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 470 (1875) *; Morse, Psyche,
vil. p. 295 (1875) ”.
Dissosteira (Spharagemon) cristata, Sauss. Prodr. (dip. pp. 188, 139 (1884) °.
? Dissosteira (Spharagemon) texensis, Sauss. loc. cit. p. 140+.
Hab. Norta America, Texas, Florida, N. Carolina !~4.—Mexico, La Joya, San Luis
Potosi (Jas. A. G. Rehn).

This insect should also occur across the Rio Grande in both Coahuila and Nuevo
Leon.

6. Spharagemon collare, Scudd.
CEdipoda collaris, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1871) *.
Spharagemon collare, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 470 (1875) ?; Morse, Psyche, vii.
p. 296 (1895).
Dissosteira (Spharagemon) collaris, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 189 (1884) *.
Hab. Norra America, generally distributed east of the Rocky Mountains, especially
northward '~4.—Panama, Colon (Aspinwall) (coll. 8S. H. Scudder).

[SCIRTETICA, Saussure.
Locusta, Harris, Ins. Inj. Veg. p. 145 (1845) (in part.).
Cidipoda, Uhler, in Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg. 3rd ed. p. 179 (1862) (in part.).
Dissosteira (Scirtetica), Saussure, Prodr. Gidip. p. 135 (1884).

The genus Scirtetica contains a small number of rather brightly marked species of
locusts which, for the most part, are confined to the sea-coast from the mouth of the
St. Lawrence River to Mexico. An exception to the rule is S. occidentalis, which
comes from the desert regions of California. The two species which may belong to
the present fauna may be diagnosed as follows :—

Table for separating the Species of Scirtetica.

A. Occiput and disc of pronotum smooth ; hind tibiz more or less red,
the spines and spursnormal. . ...... .

AA. Occiput and disc of pronotum rugulose ; hind tibiz testaceous, the

spines and spurs usually long and heavy. . . . . . . . . 2. occidentalis, Bruner.

1. marmorata, Harr.

SCIRTETICA.—LACTISTA. 167

1. Scirtetica marmorata, Harris.
Locusta marmorata, Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg. p. 145 (1841) *.
Cidipoda marmorata, Uhler, in Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg. 3rd ed. p. 179 (1862) *.
Dissosteira (Scirtetica) marmorata, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 141 (1884) °*.

Psinidia marmorata, Davis, Ent. Amer. v. p. 81 (1889) *.
Scirtelica marmorata, Bruner, in Smith’s Ins. N. J. p. 415 (1890) °; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S.

p- 38 (1900) °.
Locusta cerineipennis, Harr. in Hitche. Rep. Geol. Mass. Ist ed. p. 583 (1833) ”.

ITab. Nortu America, Atlantic and Gulf coast from Ontario to Texas 1~’.

While not recorded from south of the United States, it is quite probable that it also
occurs along the Gulf coast of Mexico.

2. Scirtetica occidentalis, Bruner.
Scirtetica occidentalis, Bruner, N. Am. Fauna, vii. p. 267 (1878) * ;

(1900) *.
Hab. Nortsa America, Argus Mountains, California (U.S. Nat. Mus.').

Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 38

Belonging as it does to the same faunal area as North-western Mexico, this insect
can be looked for there as well as in California. As suggested in connection with that
species, the present insect may be congeneric with the one described by me under the

name of Dissosteira planipennis, antea, p. 164. ]

[MICROTES, Scudder.

Microtes, Scudder, Canad. Ent. xxxii. p. 329 (1900).

Although the present genus does not appear to have been taken any nearer to our
territory than Monterey, California, it belongs to practically the same fauna as that
found on the west coast of Mexico. It may, therefore, be expected to occur in the

peninsula of Lower California.

1. Microtes nubila, Scudd.
Microtes nubitla, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxxii. p. 330 (1900) °.
Hab. Norvu America, Monterey, California (mus. Leland, Stanford Jr. University t) |

LACTISTA, Saussure.
Cidipoda, Stal (in part.).
Lactista, Saussure, Prodr. Cidip. p. 142 (1884).
This genus is composed of medium-sized insects, which occur from Northern South
America to the southern parts of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
According to available records, at least five distinct species are to be credited to our

region. ‘They may be characterized thus :—

168 ORTHOPTERA.

Table for separating the Species of Lactista.

A. Pronotal carina cristate, rather strongly arcuate, deeply cut by the
principal sulcus. Posterior lower angle of the pronotum rounded.
Hind tibiz blue.
6. Crest of pronotum evenly and strongly arched, obliquely and
deeply cut by the transverse sulcus. . . . . . . . I. gibbosus, Sauss.
bb. Crest of pronotum not arcuate, the notch less profound . . . 2 oslari, Caudell.
AA. Pronotal carina only moderately elevated, straight or nearly so, not
deeply cut. Posterior lower angle of the pronotum variable in
shape. Hind tibie variable in colour.
b. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the posterior angle produced
into an acute tooth. Disc of wings usually some shade of
orange orred ... . 3. punctatus, Stal.
bb. Lateral lobes of the pronotum with the posterior ‘angle obliquely
truncate. Disc of wings paler.
c. Disc of wings hyaline, pale blue, rose, or yellow. Median

carina of pronotum cristate throughout . . . . . . . 4. pulchripennis, Sauss.
cc. Disc of wings yellow. Median carina of pronotum cristate on
front lobe only . . . . . 6 «we ee ee OBL pellepidus, Sauss.

1. Lactista gibbosus, Sauss.
Lactista gibbosus, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 143 (1884)*; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 88 (1900) ’.
Arphia hesperiphila, Rehn, Canad. Ent. xxxiv. p. 143 (1902) *.
Hab, Norta America, San Diego and Los Angeles, California !~3 (coll. L. Bruner);
Lower Ca.irornia, Sierra el Taste (Aisen).—MeExico, Mazatlan, Sinaloa (coll. Philad.
Acad. Nat. Sci.).

2. Lactista oslari, Caudell.
Lactista oslari, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 468 (1905) *.
Hab. Norta America1?, Nogales, Arizona (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.), Albuquerque,
N. Mex. (A. NV. Caudell).

Coming as this insect does from the very borders, it will surely be taken in Mexican
territory as well. L. os/ari seems to be very closely related to the preceding sy:ecies.

8. Lactista punctatus, Stal. (Tab. II. fige. 11, 11a, 2.)
(Edipoda punctata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 180 (1873) *.
Lactista punctatus, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 148 (1884)*; Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 227
(1901) °; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 526+.
Hab. Muxico!, Presidio, Vera Cruz, Atoyac, &c. (H. H. Smith, Schumann), Dos
Arroyos and Rio Papagaio in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (Saussure?); Guarz-
MaLa?; Costa Rica, San José (P. Biolley & C. F. Underwood).

Found in Guerrero in September and October.

LACTISTA.—TOMONOTUS. 169

4, Lactista pulchripennis, Sauss.
Lactista pulchripennis, Sauss. Prodr. dip. pp. 143, 144 (1884) °.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers: 1 3 ).—Couomsia! (H. H. Smith).

A single female from Colombia in the collection of the Carnegie Museum is also
placed here. It was taken at Bonda, Dept. of Magdalena, at an elevation of 250 feet
above the sea-level.

5. Lactista pellepidus, Sauss.
Lactista pellepidus, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 144 (1884) *.
Hab. Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), Jalisco (Schumann), Orizaba (H. H. Smith & F. D.
Godman), Valladolid, emax, and Merida in Yucatan ! (Gaumer).

The insect referred to as Lactista pellepidus by Scudder and Cockerell (see Davenp.
Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 31, t. 3. fig. 1) is. Tomonotus aztecus, Sauss. The one described
by James A. G. Rehn as Lactista boscanus also seems to belong to Tomonotus aztecus
(see Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 721).

TOMONOTUS, Saussure.

Tomonotus, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 821 (1861) ; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 211
(1878) (in part.) ; Saussure, Prodr. Cidip. p. 96 (1884).

The genus Tomonotus is confined chiefly to Mexico and Central America, but it is
also represented in the south-western portions of the United States, where two of the
species cross over the international boundary-line in the arid regions. Two well-
marked forms are at present included: one of these has the antenne rather heavy and
flattened, and the upper carina of the hind femora suddenly lowered on the outer half;
the other has both the antenne and femoral carina normal. The following table will
aid the student in determining them :—

Table for separating the Species of Tomonotus.

A. Tegmina with their apices obliquely truncate. Head and pronotum
rather roughly granulose; the scutellum of the vertex gently declivent,
wrinkled. Eyes smaller. Pronotum cristate or subcristate, decidedly
angulate in front. Wings some shade of red; the fuliginous band
following the border to the anal angle. Spurs of hind tibie rather
unequal in length, those on the outer side the shorter. Antenne with
the joints flattened, thereby giving these members a decidedly heavy
appearance.

b. Pronotum strongly compressed, elevato-lamelliformly cristate, the
incision profound and oblique; the anterior and posterior edges
both strongly angulated. Upper carina of hind femora suddenly
lowered beyond the middle.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., October 1905. Zz

170 ORTHOPTERA.

c. Colour variable, ranging from cinereous to fusco-ferruginous or
fulvo-fuscous, mottled and marmorate with black or dark brown.
Wings rose-colour, with a narrow fuscous border and a prominent
tenia reaching to the base ; the apex emarginately vitreous. Hind
edge of disc of pronotum subacute. Hind tibiz banded with
testaceous and fuscous . .. . . + 6 se « «© «© « « 1. mexicanus, Sauss.
cc. Colour uniformly ferruginous, without darker mottlings and mar- —
blings. Wings tile-red, the fuscous border faint, the tenia in-
conspicuous and not reaching the base of the wing, the apex not
perceptibly hyaline. Hind edge of pronotum decidedly acute.
Hind tibiz unicolorous, pale testaceous (?) to glaucous(g¢) . 2. ferruginosus, sp. n.
bb. Pronotum above plain, more gently cristate, the incision not oblique ;
the anterior edge very obtusely angulate, behind subacute. Wings
bright carmine, the tenia and border deep black ; apex emarginately
vitreous. Upper carina of hind femora not suddenly lowered . . 3. ortzabe, Sauss.
AA. Tegmina with their apices rounded. Head and pronotum less strongly
granulose ; scutellum of vertex more decidedly declivent, smoother.
Eyes larger. Pronotum carinate, but in nowise cristate; the anterior
border subtruncate. Wings yellow, the fuliginous band not reaching
the anal angle. Spurs of hind tibiz not greatly unequal. . . . . 4. aztecus, Sauss.

1. Tomonotus mexicanus, Sauss.
Tomonotus mexicanus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 321 (1861) *; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer.
p. 211 (1878)*; Rehn, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 526°.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca (Saussure!: 9 3; O. W. Barrett: 3), various localities
in Jalisco, &c. (Jas. A. G. Rehn), Rio Cocula (0. W. Barrett: 2), Tehuacan (Mus.
Tacubaya: ¢).

This is a rather variable insect with respect to both size and colour, but it always
seems to have the characteristically banded hind tibie, which feature is absent from
the other described species of the genus.

2. Tomonotus ferruginosus, Bruner.

Tomonotus ferruginosus (Bruner), Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 470, fig. 4 (1905) *.
? Arphia behrensi, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 11 (1902) ’*.

This species in its general structure comes nearest to 7’. meaxicanus, Sauss., but differs from it in the rather
more slender form, the less strongly granulose head and thorax, the more elongate and angulate
pronotum, the longer and narrower antenna, and the plain, unbanded hind tibiz and femora, and also in
being of a uniform ferruginous colour throughout, instead of having the tegmina and body mottled and
marbled with fuscous. The present insect, moreover, has the wings tile-red, instead of rose-colour,
and the margin, along with the shorter and less conspicuous tenia, smoky brown, instead of fuliginous.
Its hind tibize vary from pale greenish yellow in the female to deep glaucous in the male, while in
7’. mexicanus these members are pale and dark-banded, as in Spharagemon bolli.

Length of body, 3 20, 2 32; of antenne, ¢ 8, 2? 105; of pronotum, g 5°5, 2 8:5; of tegmina, ¢ 20-5,
2 28; of hind femora, § 13, 2 17 millim.

TOMONOTUS.—DEROTMEMA. 171

Hab. NortaH Americal, Fort Grant and Pheenix, Arizona (evll. L. Bruner),
Southern California (A. Koebele), Santa Rita Mts., Arizona (Schwarz), Huachuca Mts.,
Arizona (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.)—Mexico, Uruapan (coll. Philad. Acad.: 1 92).

The specimen referred to as coming from Uruapan is not quite typical and bears
some resemblance in structure, if not in colour, to the preceding species. It is the
insect referred to by Rehn as Arphia behrensi (loc. cit.).

3. Tomonotus orizabee, Sauss.

Cdipoda mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 397 (1861) '; Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Amer.
p- 214 (1873)?.

Tomonotus orizabe, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 98 (1884)°; Scudd. Cat. N. Am. Orthopt. p. 38
(1900) *; Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 11 (1902)*; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

1904, p. 526°.
Hab. North America, Texas*+.—Mexico, Jalisco and Michoacan **, Salina Cruz,
Oaxaca (C. C. Deam), Cuernavaca, Morelos (0. W. Barrett), Tabasco ? (coll. L. Bruner) ;
Guatemala; Costa Rica (C. £. Underwood).

This seems to be the most widely distributed species of Tomonotus, but not the
commonest one, since but few specimens have fallen into the hands of the present
writer. It also appears to be less variable in colour than either of the preceding

forms.

4, Tomonotus aztecus, Sauss. (Tab. II. figg. 7, 8, 2.)
CEdipoda azteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 397 (1861)*; Thom. Syn. Acrid, N. Amer.

p- 215 (1878) °.
Tomonotus aztecus, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 99 (1884) *; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. N. Amer. p. 38
(1900)*; Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 96 (1900) °; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

1904, p. 526°.
Hab. Norta Amenrics, Texas*.—Mexico!?, Villa Lerdo in Durango and Aguas
Calientes (Z. Bruner), Cuernavaca in Morelos and Tamaulipas > °.
This species forms a transition to the genus Lactista, as stated by Saussure. If the
Cuernavaca specimen referred to by Rehn is not a misidentification, 7’. aztecus enjoys

a very wide range.

DEROTMEMA, Scudder.

CEidipoda of authors (in part.). |
Derotmema, Scudder, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. U.S. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th Merid. 1876,

Append. JJ, p. 513.
Derotmema occurs generally over the South-western United States in the arid regions
on alkali-flats and other partially bare grounds along rivers and creeks. At least five

recognized species will be noticed here.

Zz 2

172 ORTHOPTERA.

Table for separating the Species of Derotmema.

A. Metazona of pronotum broad; its hind margin rounded, rarely
obtusangulate. Surface of disc smoother.
6. Wing-band normally broader than the hind edge of the pro-
notum, reaching the margin posteriorly and percurrent,
or broken only in the posterior axillary area . . . . 1. laticinetum, Scudd.
bb. Wing-band narrower than the hind edge of the pronotum,
not reaching the posterior margin, and for the most part
lacking in the axillary field. . . . . . 2. @elicatulum, Scudd.
AA. Metazona of the pronotum, even in the ?, little or no o broader
than at the eyes, its hind edge angulate. Surface of disc
strongly rugulose.
b. Rugosities of the pronotum above irregular. Dark band of
wings relatively narrow. Wings pale blue or citron.
c. Pronotum rectangulate, or nearly so, behind; costal mar-
gin of the tegmina with dull fuscous and ashy tints in
nowise conspicuously contrasted; basal half of the
wings pale yellow . . . . . . . ww) [8 cupidineum, Scudd.]
cc. Pronotum very obtusangulate behind ; costal margin of the
tegmina with vivid contrasts of black and pallid tints ;
basal half of wings pale blue or sea-green . . . . . [4. saussureanum, Scudd.|
66. Rugosities on the metazona of the pronotum forming regular
longitudinal ridges. Wing-band broad; base yellow or
citron. 2... we ee eee eee we we 5. aydeni, Thom.

1. Derotmema laticinctum, Scudd.
Derotmema laticinctum, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 389 (1900) *; Scudd. &
Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci. ix. p. 31 (1902) *.

Hab. Norra America, various localities in Southern Arizona and New Mexico! 2,

While no Mexican records are at hand, this locust certainly occurs across the line in
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora.

2. Derotmema delicatulum, Scudd.
Derotmema delicatulum, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 390 (1900) *.

Hab. Norra AMERICA, near Yuma, Arizona, and Mojave, California (Scudder ').

Like the preceding, this species undoubtedly will also be found across the inter-
national line in Mexican territory.

(3. Derotmema cupidineum, Scudd.
Deroimema cupidineum, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. U.S. Geogr. Surv. W. 100th Merid. 1876,
p- 513 (1876)'; Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 156, 157 (1884) °.

DEROTMEMA.—TRACHYRHACHIS. 173

Hab. Norta America, Northern New Mexico!2, and Colorado (coll. U.S. Nat.
Mus.), Silver City, N. Mexico (coll. L. Bruner).

While not reported so commonly from Southern New Mexico, it is possible that it
also reaches across the international borders. ] .

[4. Derotmema saussureanum, Scudd.
Derotmema saussureanum, Bruner, MS.'
Derotmema saussureanum, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 391 (1900) ’.
Hab. Norta America, Southern California, numerous localities; South-western
Arizona (LZ. Bruner 2). |

Very likely occurs in Sonora and Lower California. |

5. Derotmema haydeni, Thomas.
Cidipoda haydeni, Thom. Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. pp. 460, 461 (1872)°; Sauss.
Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 171 (1888) *.
Derotmema haydeni, Bruner, Ann. Rep. Nebr. Bd. Agr. 1896, p. 182 (1897) *; Scudd. Proc. Amer.
Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxv. p. 392 (1900) *.
Derotmema brunnerianum, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 155, 156 (1884) ’.
Hab. North America, from Eastern Montana to Texas }~5.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo,
Durango, and Comancho, Zacatecas (L. Bruner: 3 2). .

The Mexican specimens of this species are all yellow-winged, while in the United
States, especially northward, both red- and yellow-winged individuals occur.

TRACHYRHACHIS, Scudder.

Cidipoda, Latreille (in part.) et auctt.

Psinidia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 183 (1876).

Psinidia (Trachyrhachis), Saussure, Prodr. Gidip. pp. 160, 162 (1884).

Trachyrhachis, Scudder, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p- 512; Bruner, Ent. News, xvi. p. 259
(1905).

Mestobregma, Scudder, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. i. p. 264 (1876).

The present genus is composed of rather small or medium-sized grasshoppers.
In their distribution most of the somewhat numerous forms are at home on the open
prairies of the Middle and South-western United States. A few of the species are
confined to special food-plants and are restricted in their distribution, while others
enjoy a wide range. ‘The various forms may be separated by the subjoined table ; : less
than half of them belong to Mexican territory.

174 ORTHOPTERA.

Table for separating the Species of Trachyrhachis.

A. Tegmina irregularly marked and blotched with fuscous.

b. Disc of wings hyaline or vitreous, sometimes very pale dirty
yellow, without a fuliginous band, but in some cases with
the apex dusky.

c. Wings entirely vitreous, some of the veins alone dark.
d. Species robust; tegmina and wings about as long as the

abdomen. (Zacatecas.) . . . . .

dd. Species more slender; tegmina and wings longer than the
abdomen.
e. General colour greenish-white marked with black
ee. General colour cinereous and brown marked with
fuscous
cc. Wings with their apical portion ‘clouded.
d. Anterior field and apical two-fifths in both sexes strongly
fuliginous . . 8 oe ee
dd. Anterior field and apical two- fifths ; in male alone somewhat
clouded. (Zacatecas.) toe ee
bb. Disc of wings some shade of yellow or red, crossed by a more or
less well-defined fuliginous band.
c. Wings with the disc always yellow.
d. The disc of wings pale dirty yellow.
e. Wing-band incomplete or interrupted near its middle.
Costa on apical half dark; apex more or less conspersed
with dusky. (Mexico, southerly.) . . . .. .
ee. Wing-band complete.

f. Species robust ; the hind femora very broad, their upper
carina suddenly narrowing just beyond the middle ;
wing-band pale, the tenia nearly reaching the base

ff. Species more slender; the hind femora not unusually
broad and their superior carina not suddenly nar-
rowing; the tenia reaching halfway to base.
g. Fuliginous band of wings broad, dark and scarcely
narrowed anteriorly. (Mts. of Chihuahua.) .
gg. Fuliginous band of wings narrow. (San Francisco.)
dd. The disc of wings lemon-yellow.
e. Wing-band always complete, not interrupted anteriorly.

f. Pronotum rugose, the middle section of the median
carina short, elevated, and rounded. Hind femora
stout, the upper carina suddenly lowered one-third
the length from the apex . . - .

ff. Pronotum smooth, the middle section of the median
carina low. Hind femora moderately slender, the
upper carina not suddenly lowered . .

3. inconspicua, sp. N., 3.

[ pulchella, Bruner. |

[kiowa, Thom. |

2. compacta, sp. n.

3. inconspicua, sp. n., ¢.

1. mexicana, Sauss.

[aspera, Scudd.]

4. townsendt, sp. n.
[occidentalis, sp. n.|

[¢thomasi, Caudell. ]

fcinctipennis, Bruner. |

TRACHYRHACHIS,

ee. Wing-band almost wanting, incomplete or interrupted
anteriorly.

f, Fuliginous band almost entirely obliterated, showing
only as a small clouded area anteriorly and another
in the radial field re

ff. Fuliginous band much less interrupted, and in some
instances nearly complete.

g- Smaller (¢ 14-16, 9 20-22 millim.). Pronotum very
strongly rugose wee ee
gg. Larger (3 17-20, 2 24-26 milli.) Pronotum less
strongly rugose.

h. Head of moderate size. Pronotum not greatly
constricted near middle . Soe ee
hh. Head large. Pronotum greatly constricted near

middle .

cc. Wings with the disc usually red.
d. Sides of pronotum with a small white spot. Tenia of wings

reaching the base . .

dd. Sides of pronotum with the lower edge broadly pale, crossed
above by an oblique dark band. Tenia of wings extending
but a short distance towards the base.

e. Tegmina pale on posterior half, the dark markings con-
fined to anterior half. Disc of wings either red or
yellow, usually the latter soe ee ee

ee. Tegmina with the dark markings occupying the entire
member, the larger ones, however, confined to the
anterior half. Disc of wings carmine

AA. Tegmina regularly and evenly marked with large dark patches, as

in the majority of the species of Hippiscus. Wings with the disc
pale yellow, crossed by a broad arcuate fuliginous band .

1. Trachyrhachis mexicana, Sauss.

175

[obliterata, Bruner. |

5. texana, Sauss.

6. fuscifrons, Stal.

7. capito, Stal.

[nevadensis, Bruner.] |

[plattei, Thom. ]

[8. rubripennis, sp. n. |

[coronata, Scudd.]

Psinidia (Trachyrhachis) mexicana, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 164 (1884) *.
Mestobregma mexicanum, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 527 ”.

Hab. Mexico1, Guadalajara, Jalisco (McClendon?), La Joya, San Luis Potosi

(M. H. Hoag), Tlalpam (L. Bruner).

The collections of Godman and Salvin do not contain specimens of the present, nor

of any of the following species belonging to the genus. —

2. Trachyrhachis compacta, sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding in general appearance, but slightly more robust, the pronotum more strongly
rugose and with the median carina less elevated anteriorly, where in the present species the incisions are
less profound. In 7. compacta the sulcus of the fastigium is provided with a V-shaped carina that projects
into it from the deep pit at the upper edge of the frontal costa between the lateral foveole. The present

176 ORTHOPTERA.

species has the lower posterior angles of the pronotum less acute than in 7. mewicana, while the wings,
which have the greater part of the costal field and at least the apical one-third of the radial field
fuliginous, show no distinct transverse dusky band. The hind tibie are brown, instead of glaucous as in
T'. mexicana.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 9 22:5; of pronotum, ¢ 4:5, 9 5; of tegmina, ¢ 16, 2 19; of hind femora, ¢ 11,
9 12°4 millim.

Hab. Nort America, Silver City, New Mexico (coll. L. Bruner).

Although the types of the present species come from a point 50 or 60 miles distant,
it most certainly occurs on Mexican territory as well. They were taken in July.

3. Trachyrhachis inconspicua, sp. n.

This insect can best be compared with 7’. compacta, although it also bears a rather close resemblance to
T. mexicana. It is less rugose and has a higher median carina on the pronotum than either of them,
and the lower posterior angles are as in the former. The general colour is brownish-testaceous, with the
usual fuscous markings. Its wings are hyaline, without trace of the fuliginous band, but the usual dusky
stigma is present in addition to some of the longitudinal veins (9 ), or much of the apex is clouded ( 3).
Hind tibiee deep bluish-grey, their apices blackish.

Length of body, ¢ 13:5, 9 22; of pronotum, ¢ 3:5, 9 4:25; of tegmina, ¢ 13, 2 18-5; of hind femora,
3 10, 2 12 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Zacatecas (Z. Bruner: 2 6,1 2).

It is barely possible that the insects referred by Rehn to 7. mexicana, Sauss., are the
same as those here described as new. ‘The types were found in November.

4, Trachyrhachis townsendi, sp. n.

In general appearance the present insect is very similar to 7. kiowa and T. thomast, from both of which it is
readily separated by its broad and but little, if at all, anteriorly narrowed wing-band. In coloration
T. townsend is very like some of the species of T'rimerotropis—e. g., T. vinculata and allies; but it differs
from them in its characteristic Trachyrhacine structure. The head is large, and a little wider than (9 ),
or about as wide as( ), the front edge of the rather strongly rugose pronotum. The latter has its median
carina moderately prominent on the anterior lobe, where both sections are evenly rounded, the front one
being about twice the length of the other; on the hind lobe it is less elevated, but also slightly arched,
especially in the male, where the carina is much more pronounced than in the opposite sex. The tegmina
and wings are considerably longer than the abdomen, even in the female. Hind femora moderate] y robust,
nearly reaching (2 ) or somewhat surpassing ( ) the tip of the abdomen.
General colour dull greyish-brown, profusely mottled and blotched with dark brown and dull black, the
_ markings on the costal margin of the tegmina forming the usual two solid patches separated by pale ones
and on the dorsal field and apical half or two-fifths evenly conspersed with brown. Wings with the disc
pale greenish-yellow, crossed near their middle by a broad arcuate fuliginous band, which is produced
into a broad tenia that occupies most of the costal field towards the base, and posteriorly follows the
border halfway to the anal angle ; the apical portion is vitreous, in the male rather heavily, in the female
with a few dark blotches. Hind tibiz somewhat glaucous, more pronounced in the male, with a pale
basal annulus. .
Length of body, ¢ 16, 2? 27; of pronotum, g 3°5, 2 5:15; of tegmina, ¢ 17, 9 24; of hind femora, ¢ 10°5,
@ 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. T. Townsend).

Only two specimens of this species are before me as I write. They belong to my
collection.

TRACHYRHACHIS. li7

5. Trachyrhachis texana, Sauss.
Psinidia (Trachyrhachis) fuscifrons, var. texana, Sauss. Prodr. dip. pp. 161, 163 (1884) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Texas !, San Antonio (M/. Mewell).—Mexico, Mitla (C.C. Deam,
U.S. Nat. Mus.).

Although the insect here treated is very closely related to 7. fuscifrons, Stal, its
much smaller size and more strongly rugose pronotum have decided me in treating it
as a distinct species. Found at Mitla in July.

6. Trachyrhachis fuscifrons, Stal.
Psinidia fuscifrons, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 184 (1873) °.
Psinidia (Trachyrhachis) fuscifrons, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 163 (1884) *.
Trachyrhachis fuscifrons, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 58 (1888) °.
Mestobregma fuscifrons, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 39 (1900) *.

Hab. Norta America, Texas, &c.1~4,

While no specimens or records are at hand that would indicate the occurrence of
this species in Mexican territory, the fact of its being very common in the country
bordering the Rio Grande is sufficient evidence that it may be taken across that river
in both Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, and perhaps also in Tamaulipas.

7. Trachyrhachis capito, Stal.
Psinidia capiio, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 183 (1873) *.
Psinidia (Trachyrhachis) capito, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 163 (1884) ’.
Trachyrhachis capito, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 58 (1888) *.
Mestobregma capito, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 89 (1900) *.

Hab. North America, Texas 1—4.

Like the preceding, the insect known as T. capito, on account of its uncommonly
large head, is very numerous along the American shore of the Rio Grande. It is
presumed that it also abounds just across this river in Mexican territory.

(8. Trachyrhachis rubripennis, sp. n.

This species is closely related to the locust described by Thomas under the name Gdipoda platiei. It seems
to differ from it, however, in being smaller, in the more equal size of the sexes, in the narrower wing-
band, and in the shorter and more obtuse hind angle of the disc of the pronotum. The dark and light
markings of 7’. rubripennis are also more in contrast than they are in 7. plattei.

Length of body, ¢ 17, 2 23; of pronotum, ¢ 3°6, 2 4°75; of tegmina, ¢ 20, 2 25; of hind femora, ¢ 10°5,
¢ 12°5 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Oracle, Arizona (#. A. Schwarz, U.S. Nat. Mus.: 1 ¢,
1¢@).

The widely separated localities in which 7. plattei and T. rubripennis occur, without
anything similar being known from intermediate points, has decided me in describing

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., January 1906. 2 Aa

178 ORTHOPTERA.

the latter as distinct. Its range very likely extends to Mexican territory, and for this
reason it is included here. |

PSINIDIA, Stal.
CGdipoda (in part.), auctt.
Psinidia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 117, 188 (1873).

The present genus is rather widely distributed, but the species are more frequently
met with along the sea-coast and the shores of the larger lakes northward. The only
representative is the following, which most assuredly crosses the Mexican border,
although no records or specimens are at hand to confirm the statement.

1. Psinidia fenestralis, Serv.

Gidipoda fenestralis, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 726 (1839) *; Thomas, Acrid. N. Amer. p. 118 (1878) ’.

Psinidia fenestralis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 183 (1873) *; Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 161 (1884) ‘;
Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 40 (1900) ’.

Locusta eucerata, Harr. Ins. Inj. Veg. 3rd ed. p. 180 (1862) °.

CGidipoda eucerata, Scudd. Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 472 (1862)7; Glov. Illustr.
N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 3. figg. 1, 2, t. 5. fig. 23 (1872) °; Thom. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 119
(1873) ®.

? Psiniaia sulcifrons, var. amplicornis, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 791, t. 55. fig. 2
(1908) *°.

Hab. Norta America, South-western Texas (4. Wadgymar), Victoria, Texas (Caudell),

Gulf coast and northward 1~!9,

This insect occurs in both yellow- and red-winged forms, those with the red wings
being most prevalent in the south, while the yellow-winged individuals predominate
northward.

[CONOZOA, Saussure.
Conozoa, Saussure, Prodr. Cidip. p. 164 (1884) ; Scudder, Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 40 (1900).
Psinidia, Scudder, U.S. Geogr. Surv. 1876, Append. ii. p. 512, also Append. Rep. U.S. Ent.
Comm. ii. p. 27, t. 17. figg. 13, 14 (1880) (part.).

Conozoa seems to be absent from the region covered by this work. At least, both
the collections studied and the references examined have failed to indicate that it is
found in Mexican territory. Notwithstanding this lack of evidence for its inclusion
among the fauna of Central America, the genus seems to be most abundantly represented
in the border region of the South-western United States and, in several instances, to
within a very few miles of Northern Mexico. There are at least eight so-called species
which will fall into this category: C. behrensi, C. rogenhoferi, and C. rebellis, Saussure,
and C. sulcifrons, C. acuminata, C. corrugata, C. picturata, and C. melleola, Scudder,
any, or all, of which may be looked for south of the Mexican frontier.

They are very similar to some of the forms usually placed in the next genus. |

TRY MEROTROPIS. 179

TRIMEROTROPIS, Stal.
Cidipoda, auctt. (in part.).
Trimerotropis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 118, 184 (1873) ; Saussure, Prodr. (dip. p. 166 (1884) ;
McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 393 (1901).
Pseudotrimerotropis, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 834 (1901).

Trimerotropis is the largest and most widely distributed American genus of the
Cidipodine. While perhaps only about a dozen of the described forms are credited
to, or contained in, the collections studied, upwards of thirty so-called species
undoubtedly reach or belong to Mexican territory. Some of these are very distinct
and easily recognizable, but others seem to be very closely allied and are difficult to
separate. The genus has been recently revised by Jerome McNeill | Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xxiii. pp. 893-449, t. 21 (1901)], who gives an analytical key for the separation
of the then known species, most of which are also fully described and their geo-
graphical range noted. This being the case, the reader is referred to that paper for a
fuller account of these insects. ‘The more recently described forms are here referred
to their approximate positions in McNeill’s table or in the series. Only a single form
is now added.

1. Trimerotropis texana, Bruner.
€onozoa texana, Bruner, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus. xu. p. 65 (1890)’; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 40
(1900) ?.
Trimerotropis tecana, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 406 (1901) *.
Hab. NortH America, El Paso, Texas (G. W. Dunn), Las Cruces, New Mexico
(C. H. T. Townsend).—Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (L. Bruner).

2. Trimerotropis albolineata, Bruner.

Conozoa albolineata, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 66 (1890) * ; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S.
p. 40 (1900) *.

Trimerotropis albolineata, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 407 (1901) *.

Hab. NortH America, Los Angeles, California (Koebele, Coquillett).

Other specimens of this species that were taken near the Mexican border in Southern
Arizona have been seen by me. These were collected by Dr. R. E. Kunze, of Pheenix,
Arizona. The insect certainly reaches Mexican territory.

3. Trimerotropis monticola, Sauss.
Trimerotropis monticola, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 170 (1884)*; Addit. Prodr. (dip. p. 63 (1888) ’;
Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 42 (1900) °; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 422 (1901) *.

Hab. Mexico, Perote, near Tezuitlan, 2600 metres (Saussure 1).

180 . ORTHOPTERA.

4, Trimerotropis fascicula, McNeill.

Trimerotropis fascicula, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 425 (1901)*; Rehn, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 227 (1901) *.

Trimerotropis monticola, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 97 (1900) °.

Hab. Norta America, Silver City, New Mexico! (L. Bruner).—Mexico, Eslava ?,
Cuernavaca, Tacubaya, and Tizapan ? (0. W. Barrett).

Like the preceding, this apparently common species of Trimerotropis is absent from
the collections now being studied.

5. Trimerotropis townsendi, sp. n.

A rather small, but moderately robust species, the prevailing colour of which is brownish-ferruginous. Hind
tibie bright coral-red, the tegmina inconspicuously banded, the insect in this respect somewhat resembling
T. modesta, Bruner. It is also related to J. preclara, McNeill, near which it should be placed in
his synoptic table of the species of the genus T'rimerotropis.

Head a very little narrower than the front edge of the pronotum; eyes somewhat prominent in the male, less
so in the female, in both sexes shorter than the cheeks below them; vertex not quite so broad as the
shortest diameter of one of the eyes, rather deeply sulcate, with prominent bounding carine and usually
provided with a fairly strong longitudinal median carina; lateral foveole equilaterally triangular, much
deeper and more pronounced in the male than in the female; frontal costa with the walls quite prominent,
expanding between the antenne and again towards the clypeus, which latter it does not quite reach,
rather strongly and broadly sulcate throughout the greater part of its length, the sulcus most pronounced
in the male, in which sex there is a deep V-shaped depression at its upper extremity just before the
sulcation of the fastigium. Antenne rather heavy, nearly (@ ) or quite ( d) as long as the hind femora.
Pronotum strongly rugose (reminding one of the sculpturing of this part in some of the smaller species
of Hippiscus), in the female sometimes provided with a series of rounded tubercles on the disc of the
posterior lobe, short ; its hind margin somewhat obtuse in the female and at a right angle in the male, the
lower posterior angle broadly rounded and without a tooth-like projection. Tegmina a little narrower

_than in some of the other red-legged species, profusely veined on the basal three-fifths and considerably( ¢ )
or only slightly surpassing ( Q ) the tip of the abdomen. Hind femora moderately robust.

General colour above brownish-ferruginous, the tegmina provided with two inconspicuous dusky bands, one
sub-basal, the other near the middle, beyond this with a few irregularly-arranged fuscous blotches.
Wings with the disc pale yellow, crossed about the middle by a moderately wide fuscous band, the apical
third a trifle clouded or smoky ( ? ), or with the apex also fuscous, and the fuscous space separated from
the band by a wide, much paler portion. Hind femora provided externally with a preapical fuscous
band and indications of another band on the upper edge midway towards the base; internally with two
pale testaceous bands, separated by one of black, the knee and greater part of basal half also black.
Hind tibis and tarsi bright coral-red. Abdomen brownish above, yellowish below. Antenne dark
ferruginous, becoming black beyond the basal third.

Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 25; of pronotum, ¢ 4:2, 2 5; of tegmina, g 20, 2 23; of hind femora, ¢ 11-75,
@ 18 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. T. Towsend).

Numerous specimens of both sexes.

6. Trimerotropis citrina, Scudd.
Trimerotropis citrina, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. ii. p. 265 (1876) *; Sauss. Prodr. GEdip. p. 169
(1884) ?; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxii. p, 426 (1901) °.
Hab. Norta America, Manitoba to Texas 1~%, Carrizo Springs, Texas (A. Wadgymar).
—Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (L. Bruner).

TRIMEROTROPIS. 181

This insect is common in the extreme western part of Dimmit County, Texas, and
occurs in Mexican territory on the opposite side of the Rio Grande.

7. Trimerotropis tolteca, Sauss.

Cdipoda tolteca, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xiii. p. 897 (1861)*; Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 215
(1873) ?.

Trimerotropis tolteca, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 169 (1884) *; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii.
p. 429 (1901) *.

Hab. Mexico, in temperate and higher regions, Orizaba, Oaxaca 1~4.

Not contained in the collections at hand for study.

8. Trimerotropis pistrinaria, Sauss.
Trimerotropis pistrinaria, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. p. 173 (1884)*; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xxiii. p. 430 (1901) ’*.
Hab. Norta America, Texas.—Mexico, Zacatecas!, Durango and Colonia Garcia
(coll. L. Bruner).

9. Trimerotropis melanoptera, McNeill.
Trimerotropis melanoptera, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 430 (1901) *; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 722°.
Hab. Nortu America, Silver City and Sacramento Mts., New Mexico.—MeExico,
Northern Chihuahua (ZL. Bruner).

10. Trimerotropis californica, Bruner.
Trimerotropis californica, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 481 (1901) '.

Hab. Norra America, Los Angeles, California!—Mexico, Northern Sonora
(L. Bruner).

11. Trimerotropis pallidipennis, Burm.
(Edipoda pallidipennis, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 464 (1839)*; Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 218

(1873) ”. .
Trimerotropis pallidipennis, Sauss. Prodr. dip. p. 171 (1884) °; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.

ixxlii, p. 487 (1901) *.
(Edipoda straminea, Erichs. in Schomburgk’s Faun. und Flor. Brit. Guiana, p. 582 (1848) °.

Hab. Mexico?, Amula in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Orizaba (H. H. Smith & F. D.
Godman), Tlalpam, Agua Calientes, and Zacatecas (LZ. Bruner), Distrito Federal
(0. W. Barrett); Cuntrat America !3—SoutH AMERICA, Guiana >.

This species seems to be common and rather widely distributed over Middle and
Southern Mexico, and from there southward into South America, almost or quite to the

182 ORTHOPTERA.

Rio Negro in Argentina. It is somewhat similar to our T. vinculata, both in appearance
and habits.

12. Trimerotropis vinculata, Scudd.
Trimerotropis vinculata, Scudd. Ent. Notes, v. p. 25 (1875-76) *; Append. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm.
ii. p. 27, t. 17. fig. 11 (1880)?; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 439 (1901) *.
Trimerotropis cincta, Sauss. Prodr. CEdip. p. 171 (1884) *.
Trimerotropis fascicula, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 227 (1905) °; xxix. p. 11 (1902) °.

Hab. Norta AMERICA, various localities from the Saskatchewan to the Mexican
boundary 1~*,—Me_xico, Chihuahua (M. Kerr, L. Bruner).

This is one of the commonest species of the genus, and seems to be very closely
related to the 7. pallidipennis, which occurs throughout the warmer parts of South
America, as well as in portions of Central America and Mexico.

13. Trimerotropis cyaneipennis, Bruner.
Trimerotropis cyaneipennis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 68 (1890)*; Scudd. Cat.
Orthopt. U.S. p. 42 (1900)*; McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 445 (1901) °.

Hab. Norta America, Utah and Idaho to Arizona !~?,—Mexico, Colonia Garcia,
Chihuahua (C. H. 7. Townsend).

This insect appears to be partial to mountainous regions, where it occurs among
the talus at the foot of cliffs. It also frequents lava-beds in several sections of the
country *.

* The following species of the genus Trimerotropis have been taken in, or credited to, regions which
would permit of their being found south of the Mexican border :—

. cincta, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad, 1870, p. 80.—Texas, New Mexico, &c.
. laticincta, Sauss. Prodr. (dip. p. 169 (1884).—New Mexico and Texas,

rebellis, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. CEdip. p. 60 (1888).—California.

ceruleipes, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm., Append. ii. p. 27 (1880).—California and Arizona.
ceruleipennis, Bruner, Canad. Ent. xvii. p. 10 (1885).—Los Angeles, California.

. bifasciata, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 70 (1890).—Southern California.

. thalassica, Bruner, loc. cit. p. 72.—California.

. modesta, Bruner, loc. cit. p. 72.—Silver City, New Mexico.

. pacifica, Bruner, loc. cit. p. 78.—Los Angeles, California.

. hyalina, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 405 (1901).—California.

cristata, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 408.—Los Angeles, California.

porrecta, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 409.—California.

. coquilletti, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 418.—California.

. tessellata, McNeill, loe. cit. p. 417.—Arizona.

. ealiginosa, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 417.--Los Angeles, California.

albescens, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 418.—-Los Angeles, California.

T. collaris, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 487.—-San José del Cabo, Lower California.

BAN REARS RH RHR H ANS

CIRCOTETTIX.—HADROTETTIX. 183

CIRCOTETTIX, Scudder.
Cidipoda, auctt. (in part.).

Circotettiz, Scudder, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 265 (1876).
Circotettix is a northern genus that contains about a dozen species, only one of which

reaches Northern Mexico so far as known at the present time. These insects resemble
the Old-World genus Bryodema in their general structure.

1. Circotettix undulatus, Thomas.
(Edipoda undulata, Thom. Aun. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 460 (1871)*; Syn. Acrid. N. Am.
pp. 125, 126 (1873) *.
Circotettiz undulatus, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 265 (1876) *; Psyche, ix. p. 189
(1900) *; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 722 °.
Hab. Nortu America, from the plains of the Saskatchewan to Southern New
Mexico !~5.—Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (L. Bruner).

This locust is partial to bare, more or less alkaline, ground, and for that reason is
found throughout the more arid regions wherever suitable localities occur. It is just
possible that Circotettix carlintanus, Thomas, will also be found in the same districts.
It differs from C. undulatus in being slightly more robust and in having the disc or
base of the wings fuliginous instead of yellow.

HADROTETTIX, Scudder.
Cidipoda (in part.).
Gryllus, Say (in part.).
Hadrotettixz, Scudder, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, App. JJ, p. 511.
The locusts of this genus are confined to the Rocky Mountain regions and south-
westward, where they are to be met with on hill-tops and slopes in arid localities.
‘Two so-called species are represented, and may be separated as follows :—

Table for separating the Species of Hadrotettix.

A. Wings crossed by a broad fuscous band that follows the hind border
nearly to the anal angle. No tenia directed toward the base in the

humeral field. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1 ew ee ew ew te we ee 1. trifasciatus, Say.
AA. Wings crossed by a rather narrow fuliginous band, not following the
hind border far towards the anal angle . . ..... . . + 2 nebulosus, Scudd.

T. nubila, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 442.—New Mexico.

T. variegata, McNeill, loc. cit. p. 443.—Southern California.

T. aliciens, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 37, t. 2. fig. 1 (1902).—Organ Mts., New Mexico.
T. cyanea, Scudd. loc. cit. p. 36, t. 2. fig. 3.—Organ Mts., New Mexico.

T. rubripes, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 568.—Albuquerque, New Mexico.

T. snowt, Rehn, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. 1905, p. 223..-Yavapi County, Arizona.

1. schaefferi, Caudell, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci., Bull. i. p. 112, t. 7 (1904),--Texas.

184 . ORTHOPTERA.

1. Hadrotettix trifasciatus, Say.

Gryllus trifasciatus, Say, Amer. Ent. iii. t. 34 (1828) *.

(Edipoda trifasciata, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 729 (1870) *; Thomas, Acrid. N.

Am. p. 127 (1878)°.

Hadrotettiz trifasciatus, Scudd: Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 511 (1876) *; Psyche, ix. p. 67
(1900) *.

Arphia trifasciata, Caulf. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont. xviii. p. 70 (1888) °.

(dipoda pruinosa, Thomas, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, p. 80 (1870) .

(Edipoda hoffmanni, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. v. p. 127 (1873) °.

' Hab. Norta America, Rocky Mountain region, from the Saskatchewan to South-
western Texas !~8,—MeExico, States of Chihuahua and Coahuila (L. Bruner).

2. Hadrotettix nebulosus, Scudd.
Hadrotettiz nebulosus, Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 69 (1900) ’.

Hab. MeExico, Sinaloa! (coll. S. H. Scudder).

TREPIDULUS, McNeill.

Mestobregma (in part.), Scudder, Psyche, ix. p. 91 (1900).
Trepidulus, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 394 (Jan. 1901).
Areopieryx, Caudell, Canad. Ent. xxxiii. p. 103 (April 1901).

This is still another characteristic genus of the arid region of Northern Mexico and
the south-western portions of the United States. ‘Three species are known, and all
of them undoubtedly belong to the Mexican fauna. They may be recognized by
the annexed key :-—

Table for separating the Species of Trepidulus.

A. Larger and more robust. Disc of wings rose-colour or miniaceous,
with or without a fuliginous wing-band. Posterior lateral angle
of pronotum provided witha tooth. . . . . . . . . . . (I. rosaceus, Scudd.
AA. Smaller and more slender. Disc of wings vitreous or hyaline,
without trace of a fuliginous wing-band. Posterior lateral angle
of pronotum without a tooth. .
6. Pronotum with the lower posterior angle slightly acute in both
sexes. Wings transparent, with the basal fifth washed with
citrous . . . ee ee ee ee ee ew www . 2 gracilipes, Caudell.
bé. Pronotum with the lower posterior angle well-rounded in both
sexes. Wings wholly pellucid, with some infuscation of the
apical veins. . 6 1 1 1 1 ew ee ee ew we we DB. Ayalinus, Scudd.]

TREPIDULUS.—ANCONIA. 185

1. Trepidulus rosaceus, Scudd.
Mestobregma rosaceum, Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 91 (1900) *.
Trepidulus rosaceus, McNeill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. p. 8398 (Jan. 1901) ?.
Areopteryx penelope, Caud. Canad. Ent. xxxiii. p. 108 (April 1901) *.
Hab. Nort America 1—3, Yuma (A. P. Morse), Phoenix (R. E. Kunze), and Florence,
Pinal Co., Arizona (C. R. Biederman), Las Cruces, New Mexico (7. D. A. Cockerelt),
San Bernardino (Coquillett), Palm Springs, and Tehachapi, California (4. P. Morse).

Although no definite records seem to be at hand pointing to the occurrence of
this insect in Mexican territory, that referring to Yuma, Arizona, on the border-line
between the two countries, is practically equivalent to one.

2. Trepidulus gracilipes, Caudell.
Mestobregma gracilipes, Caud. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 271, fig. 5 (1905) ’.

Hab. Nortu America, Nogales, Arizona, Huachuca Mts. (£. J. Oslar').

[3. Trepidulus hyalinus, Scudd.
Mestobregma hyalinum, Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 92 (1900) °.

Hab. Norvu America, various localities in California (A. P. Morse 1).

This insect approaches much more closely to 7’. rosaceus than to any of the species
of Trachyrhachis, and with T. gracilipes leads directly to it, so far as the structure of
the sides of the pronotum is concerned. The hind femora and head-characters are
practically the same in all three insects. |

ANCONIA, Scudder.
Anconia, Scudder, Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, Append. JJ, p. 514 (1876).

Anconia inhabits the arid regions of the South-western United States, where three
species are known to occur, and possibly extends to Northern Mexico. . These insects
resemble some of the members of the genus Heliastus in a few of their charac-
teristics. They may be known by the subjoined table :—

Table for separating the Species of Anconia.

A. Tegmina and wings very long and narrow, the former evenly and
rather profusely mottled with brown. Entire insect often pale
green or greenish . 2. . 1 ee ee + ee ee es L. integra, Scudd.
AA. Tegmina and wings shorter and broader, general colour testaceous
or cinereous, the tegmina less profusely mottled with brown.
6. Size small; the tegmina with very few maculations. Hind

wings faintly cerulean . . . . . - 2 we ew es) ) 6[R grisea, sp. n.}
bb. Size large, robust; the tegmina conspicuously maculate. Hind
wings deep cerulean . . . - . . « . « [3. c@ruletpennis, sp. n.|

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER.. Orthopt., V ol. ‘IL, January 1906. 2 Bs

186 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Auconia integra, Scudd. (Tab. II. figg. 12, 124, 4, 2.)
Anconia integra, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, Append. JJ, p. 515 (1876) °.

Hab. Norta America!, various localities in Arizona and South-eastern California
(coll. L. Bruner).

This insect is very variable in colour, ranging from pale testaceous to pea-green,
with or without a paler decussate marking on the disc of the pronotum. It is the
most southern of the three forms here recognized, and most certainly reaches Mexican
territory.

(2. Anconia grisea, sp. n.

Most nearly related to .A. integra, from which it differs in its broader and shorter tegmina, which are but
sparsely maculate with brown. The entire insect is dark cinereous, instead of testaceous or greenish,
and the sides of the pronotum and pleura are conspicuously mottled with fuscous. The hind tibia are
cinereous and conspersed with dark brown or dull black, while the hind femora have the apex and two
well-defined bands across the upper edge of the same colour.

Length of body, 3, 20; of pronotum 4, of tegmina 20, of hind femora 11°5 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Antelope Valley, California (coll. LZ. Bruner),
A single male. |

[3. Anconia cxruleipennis, sp. n.

A much more robust insect than A. integra, and at once recognizable on account of its cerulean wings and
cinereous body. The markings on the hind femora are even more pronounced than in A. grisea. As
compared with A. integra, the present species has the valves of the ovipositor more robust and blunter,
while the hind lobe of the pronotum is much broader and ample. The head is also larger, the frontal
costa is broader and less contracted below the ocellus, and the mesosternal lobes are separated by a space
a trifle wider than long. The hind femora are moderately robust.

Hab. Nortu America, Hawthorne, Nevada (H. F. Wickham, coll. L. Bruner).

A single female. Possibly A. grisea is the male of this insect, but if so the
discrepancy in size between the sexes is much greater than it is in A. integra. |

[RAMONA *, gen. nov.

Body slender, depressed, viewed from the side greatly strangulate. Head short, but quite high, the eyes
prominent, subglobular, nearly as wide apart above as the diameter of one of them; occiput short, the
vertex broad, the cheeks below them considerably longer than they are, very shallowly sulcate,
the bounding walls blunt and somewhat approaching a little in advance of the middle of the sulcation,
the centre provided with a low, but perfectly plain, longitudinal carina that continues over the occiput
to the front edge of the pronotum; frontal costa nearly obliterated below the ocellus; lateral facial
carine strong, straight, beginning near the middle of the front edge of the eyes and reaching the sides
of the base of the clypeus. Pronotum smooth, much constricted in the middle, the median carina present
only as a very faint line on the posterior lobe; anterior edge broadly rounded, posterior margin obtuse-
angulate, lateral.carine wanting, the lower posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings

* A geographical name,

RAMONA.—SPHINGONOTUS. 187

rather long and narrow, the former sparsely veined on their apical two-thirds, where they are semi-
membranous, the intercalary vein entirely wanting; wings without a fuscous band or other markings.
Hind femora long and slender; tibie coarse and provided with unusually long, nearly straight, apical
spurs, the spines few and prominent, eight in number on the outer edge. Mesosternal lobes widely
separated.

1. Ramona deserticola, sp. n.

General colour pale cinereo-testaceous, slightly varied on the pronotum, tegmina, and hind femora with brown
blotches. Wings very pale ceruleous basally, becoming vitreous apically, the veins pale, except along
the costal field, where some of them are more or less dark. The brown markings of the pronotum
are v-shaped, one on the anterior lobe of the disc, a narrow line along the upper edge of the sides and
another anteriorly towards the lower edge; on the tegmina a series of rather large elongate patches
anteriorly, and a number of scattered smaller ones along the posterior edge. The hind femora show
traces of a basal, median, and preapical bands; the hind tibie are testaceous, with a plumbeous tinge
about the base of the pale dark-tinged spines.

Length of body, 2, 31; of pronotum 6, of tegmina 32, of hind femora 16 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Indio, California (H. Ff. Wickham, coll. L. Bruner).

A single female. This insect, while bearing a general resemblance to the different
species of Anconia, is at once separable from all of them by its longer and more slender
loosely jointed legs, the longer and deeper head, with more elevated occiput, and the
deeply and coarsely pitted pleura of the meso- and metathorax. |

SPHINGONOTUS, Fieber.
C£dipoda, auctt. (in part.).
Sphingonotus, Fieber, Syn. Europ. Orthopt. p. 24 (1845).
Sphinconotus, L. H. Fischer, Orthopt. Eur. p. 401 (1854); Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 118
(1878).

The Old-World genus Sphingonotus is represented by at least three species in
the central regions of America. They are all small and inconspicuous insects that
might readily be overlooked by collectors. The following table will aid in their
determination :— -

Table for separating the Species of Sphingonotus.

A. Wings neither fasciate nor maculate, either hyaline or with the base _
cerulean, (Cuba.) . . .... - oe we ww se) 6 [L. c@rulans, Sauss.]
AA. Wings varied with fuscous, their disc pale blue.
6. Wings not banded, but with a fuscous patch Peyond the middle, or
the apex fuscous. (Jamaica)... . . . ~ 2 « « « [2% pamaicensis,Sauss. ]
bb. Wings provided with an interrupted arcuate fuscous ¢ or cloudy band.
(West Indies and Mexico.) . . . . . . . « « «© « « « 8. Aaitensis, Sauss.

2 Bs 2

188 ORTHOPTERA.

(1. Sphingonotus cerulans, Sauss.
Sphingonotus carulans, var. cubensis, Sauss. Prodr. Cidip. pp. 200, 201 (1884) *; Bolivar, Orthopt.
Cuba, p. 28 (1888) *.

Hab. Wrst InpiEs, Cuba ! 2.

This insect is not represented in the material studied by me. |

(2. Sphingonotus jamaicensis, Sauss.
Sphingonotus jamaicensis, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 202 (1884) *.
Hab. West Inpiss, Jamaica}, Kingston (7. D. A. Cockerell: 2 ; coll. L. Bruner), |

3. Sphingonotus haitensis, Sauss. |
Sphingonotus haitensis, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 202 (1884); Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 81 (1888) *;
Bolivar, Orthopt. Cuba, pp. 28, 29 (1888) °*.

Hab. Mexico1, Oaxaca (Mus. Brit.), Mitla (C. C. Deam, coll. U.S. Nat. Mus. :
13,1 2 ).—West Inpizs, Haiti, San Domingo, and Cuba ?.

HELIASTUS, Saussure.

(dipoda, Latr. (in part.).
Heliastus, Saussure, Prodr. Gidip. p. 212 (1884) ; Scudder, Psyche, ix. p. 45 (1900).

A characteristic Mexican and Central-American CEdipodine genus that crosses the
international border all the way from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean. The
species readily fall into two distinct groups—one of which is represented in arid
regions and the other in more or less humid districts. The described forms may
be separated by the annexed table :—

Table for separating the Species of Heliastus.

A. Pronotum with the posterior lateral angles decidedly produced down-
wards into a broadly. rounded process.
6. Wings provided with a more or less distinct fuscous band.
c. Disc of wings vermilion or rose-colour . sumichrasti, Sauss.
cc. Disc of wings yellow or citron . . guatemale, Sauss,
bb. Wings lacking the fuscous band . . . . . 2. - . . 38. venezuele, Sauss.
AA. Pronotum without the downward projecting process, the angle
broadly rounded.
. Disc of the wings vermilion. Sexes not greatly unequal in size.
c. Wings provided with a moderately plain fuscous band . . . . 4. costaricensis, Rehn.
cc. Wings without a definite transverse band.
d. Hind tibiz red apically, annulate with testaceous and black
basally. Hind femora robust. . . . . . .. . =. . 5. benjamini, Caud.
dd. Hind tibie infuscate throughout . . . . . . . . . . 6. aztecus, Sauss.

oo =

HELIASTUS. 189

bb. Disc of wings pale greenish-yellow or hyaline. Sexes very unequal
in size.
c. Antenne at least two-thirds as long as the hind femora.
Descending lobes of the pronotum apically well rounded.
d. Tegmina and wings elongate, extending much Peyond the
apex of the abdomen in both sexes . . . . 7%. aridus, Bruner.
dd. Tegmina and wings shorter, omy slightly surpassing the tip of
the abdomen . . . . eee . 8. californicus, Thom.
cc. Antenne only half as long as the hind femora, Descending
lobes of the pronotum apically truncate . . . . . . . « ([9. minimus, Scudd.]

1. Heliastus sumichrasti, Sauss.
Cidipoda sumichrasti, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 824'; Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 21+
(1873) *.
Heliastus sumichrasti, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 213 (1884) °; Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 90 (1888) *;
Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvii. p. 951 (1904) °.
Cidipoda speciosa, Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 735, 736 (1870) °.
Cidipoda tentatrix, Walk. op. cit. v., Suppl. pp. 74, 75 (1871) ”.
Hab. North America, Texas >.—Mexico!?4, temperate and hot regions, widely
distributed, Oaxaca’; GuateMaLa! 34; Honpuras 1346,

This is the commonest and by far the most widely distributed representative of the
genus, and if we regard H. guatemale, H. venezuele, and H. costaricensis as varieties
of it, the most variable as well. To this species also belong Gdipoda tentatrix and
CE. speciosa, Walk.

2. Heliastus guatemala, Sauss.
Heliastus guatemale, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 91 (1888) *.

Hab. Mexico, near Parian (C. C. Deam); Guatemata!, Amatitlan (Jas. S. Hine,
coll. L. Bruner).

_ The specimens of this species seem to differ from the preceding only in wing-colour.

3. Heliastus venezuela, Sauss.
Heliastus venezuele, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 213 (1884)*; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, 111.
p. 64, t. 3. fig. 4 (1895) ?; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Univ. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) °.

Hab. Nicaraaua?; Panama‘, Darien ?—Souru America, Colombia, Venezuela ’.
Like the preceding, this seems also to be but a variety of H. swumichrasti.

4. Heliastus costaricensis, Rehn.
Heliastus costaricensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 402, figg. 1-3".

Hab. Costa Rica, Turrialba (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.").

190 ORTHOPTERA.

That which has been said concerning H. guatemale and H. venezuele might also be
remarked concerning the present insect. Although the hind process of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum is but poorly or not at all developed in the present form, it
gradually becomes less apparent as we pass from H. sumichrasti to H. costaricensis.

5. Heliastus benjamini, Caudell.
Heliastus benjamini, Caud. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 474, fig. 6 (1905) °.

Hab. Norta America, Nogales and Huachuca Mts., Arizona (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.').

This form may be but a variety of H. aztecus, which is distributed over Northern
Mexico, and, like H. swmichrasti, is rather variable in size and colouring.

6. Heliastus aztecus, Sauss.
Heliastus aztecus, Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 214 (1884) *; Rehn, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 11
(1902) *; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 528°.
Hab, Nortuern Mexico!, Durango or Sinaloa (forrer), Monterey, Nuevo Leon ?,
Victoria, Tamaulipas 3.

The mottling of the tegmina is very similar to that of several species of Trimerotropis,
especially 7. vinculata and its allies.

7. Heliastus aridus, Bruner. (Tab. II. fig. 10, ¢ .)
Thrincus aridus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xii. p. 78, t. 1. figg. 2, 3 (1890) *.
Heliastus aridus, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 75 (1897) *; Psyche, ix. p. 46 (1900) *.

Hab. Norvu America, Texas to California 1~3.—Mexico, Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

8. Heliastus californicus, Thomas.
Thrincus californicus, Thom. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. no. 2, ser. 1, p. 66 (1874) +; Glover,
Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 17. figg. 6, 7 (1874) °; Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii.
p. 187 (1890) *.
Heliastus californicus, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 75 (1897) *; Psyche, ix. p. 46 (1900) °.
Hab. Norta America, various Californian localities !—, St. George, Utah®; Lowsr
CaLirorNia, Cape San Lucas °.—MeExico, Saltillo, Sonora 5,

The collections before me do not contain specimens of this insect. It is intermediate
in size between H. aridus and H. minimus.

(9. Heliastus minimus, Scudd.
Heliastus minimus, Scudd. Psyche, ix. p. 46 (1900) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Palm Springs, California (A. P. Morse').

Scudder says of this insect: ‘The species is peculiar for its small size, short
antenne, slender hind femora, &c.” It very likely occurs in Mexico as well. ]

CQLLOPTERN A.—TANAOCERUS., 191

CQELOPTERNA, Stal.
Acrydium (in part.), De Geer.
Paulinia, Blanchard, in D’Orbigny’s Voy. dans l’Amér. Mérid. vi. 2, Ins. p. 216 (1837-43).
Celopterna, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. xxx. 4, p. 53 (1873).

The genus Celopterna is confined to Tropical America, although it occurs in
Argentina along the valley of the Parana River nearly or quite to its mouth. The
members of this group live upon aquatic plants in a manner similar to many of
the Tettigiine and some of the Acridiine. In this semiaquatic life these insects
are no doubt obliged frequently to swim, hence the peculiar development of the hind
tibie. Possibly Blanchard’s name Paulinia should be used for this genus instead of
Stal’s later one.

1. Celopterna acuminata, De Geer.

Acrydium acuminatum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. iii. p. 501. 19, t. 42. fig. 10 (1778) *.

Celopterna acuminata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 145 (1873) *; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Univ. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 5 (1894) °; xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) *.

Celopterna acuminata, var. brevipennis, Giglio-Tos, loc. cit. ix. no. 184, p. 7 (1894) °.

Celopterna stalii, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 277 (1875) °.

Paulinia mucosa, Blanch. in D’Orbigny’s Voy. dans ’Amér. Mérid. vi. 2, Ins. p. 216, t. 27.
fig. 6”.

Hab. Panama, Laguna Pita, Darien (Dr. E. Festa)—Souta America to Argentina.

While spending some time in Argentina several years ago the writer collected
a number of individuals of this species in Rosario de Santa Fé, after nightfall,
where they had been attracted by the electric lights. It would appear, therefore,
that the insect is more or less nocturnal in its habits.

[TANAOCERUS, gen. nov.*

Size small, the body more or less verrucose or rugose, fusiform, neither depressed nor compressed ; pronotum
ample, higher than long, the hind margin not prolonged above, without lateral carine, but with the
median carina strong. Abdomen strongly carinate.

Head small, the face nearly vertical, occiput short; eyes subspherical, fairly prominent, not quite so long as
the cheeks below ; vertex broadly and shallowly sulcate, nearly as broad as the diameter of one of the
eyes, not expanding anteriorly and bordered at the sides with rather coarse parallel carinee which
converge abruptly in front and continue as the carine of the frontal costa; lateral foveole nearly
obsolete ; ocelli contiguous to the eyes, small and inconspicuous; frontal costa prominent above the
ocellus, obsolete below, or continued as a single inconspicuous carina to the clypeus; lateral facial carina
prominent, evenly divergent ; antenne composed of about 25 or 26 joints, very slender and elongate, the
basal and second joints unusually large and robust. Pronotum transversely rugose, short, high, without
lateral carine, but with the median carina strong throughout; anterior edge very slightly advanced
upon the occiput, the posterior margin sinuately crenulate, but not prolonged to the rear. Meso- and

* This genus was not included in the Synopsis, anted, pp. 114-119.

192 . ORTHOPTERA.

metathorax provided above at the hind edge with a series of four or five short prominent longitudinal
carine, which are apparent also on the first and second abdominal segments. Legs moderately large or
small; the hind femora considerably shorter than the abdomen, the pinnw of the outer face few and
mostly composed of the lower row, the upper ones being irregular and nearly obliterated ; hind tibiz
with 11 spines on the inner row and 18 on the outer row. Mesosternal lobes very widely separated, the
inner margin of the lobes themselves broadly and obliquely rounded. Valves of the ovipositor exserted,
rather coarse and nearly straight, provided on both the outer and inner edges with coarse teeth or
crenulations,

1. Tanaocerus koebelei, sp. n.

General colour pale cinereo-testaceous or rufous, varied on the sides of the abdomen and pronotum, on the
dorsum of the mesothorax, on the middle of the abdomen, and on the legs with fuscous and black.

Occiput more or less transversely rugose and provided with a faint longitudinal carina that fades away in the
posterior end of the sulcus of the vertex. Vertex in front provided with two short, converging carine,
which branch from the walls of the frontal costa and fastigium, where the two meet, these short carine,
however, do not quite unite at their apices. Frontal costa prominent, but narrow, deeply sulcate.
Antenne with the two basal joints heavy, the others very slender and elongate, four or more times as
long as broad, alternately pale and obscure, nearly twice as long as the head and pronotum together.
Median carina of thorax finely sulcate. Dorsum of meso- and metathorax lapping over the pleurites and
with the lower posterior portions broadly rounded. Insect entirely apterous. Hind femora triannulate
with fuscous, the bands most pronounced across the upper edge; hind tibiz testaceous; anterior and
middle femora and tibie each biannulate with fuscous. All the legs, the hind tibie especially, rather
strongly hirsute.

Length of body, 2 , 18-23; of antenne 11, of pronotum 3:1, of hind femora 9 millim.

Hab. Norta America, Panament Valley, California (A. Koebele, in U.S. Nat. Mus.).

Two females, captured in the month of April. This remarkable insect bears a
striking resemblance in many respects to the African genus Hneremius, Saussure, and
is so very different from the three other N.-American Eremobiine genera that one
cannot help but wonder whether there are still others to be met with in the desert
regions of the South-western United States and Northern Mexico. |

BRACHYSTOLA, Scudder.

Brachypeplus, Charpentier, Orthopt. descr. et pict., fase. ix. (1841-1845) ; Girard, in Marcy’s
Expl. Red Riv. p. 231 (1854) (nec Erichson).

Brachystola, Scudder, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 267 (1876); Saussure, Prodr. Cdip.
p. 240 (1884).

The representatives of this genus are mostly confined to the arid regions of Middle
and Northern Mexico and the south-western portions of the United States. Judging
from the rather large number of species represented by the small amount of material
at hand from the former country, there is scarcely any doubt but that additional forms
will come to light when Mexico has been more carefully examined. A considerable
percentage of the species seem to be rather restricted in their distribution. The
subjoined table will aid in their separation.

BRACHYSTOLA.

Table for separating the Species of Brachystola.

A. Posterior margin of the disc of the pronotum truncate or but gently
rounded. The tegmina more or less profusely mottled with black.
6. Tegmina rather sparsely mottled. Insect very large and robust.
(Guaymas, Mexico.). . . . .... es
bb. Tegmina more profusely mottled. Insects variable in size.

c. Smaller; general colour green or greenish; the disc of the pro-
notum regularly and coarsely granulate throughout. (Mexico
northward and New Mexico.) . . 2 ee

cc. Larger; general colour more tinged with testaceous and rufous;
the disc of the pronotum less regularly granulate, especially
posteriorly.

d. Tegmina rather sparsely and irregularly mottled; the rugosities
of the pronotum large, profuse, sharp, and distinct, not running
together so as to form irregular ridges. (Lower California and
Mexico in the vicinity of Mazatlan.). . . . . 2...

dd. Tegmina usually regularly and profusely mottled; the rugosities
of the pronotum blunter and often running together, so as to
form low tortuous ridges, much weaker on the hind lobe.
(U.S. from Texas northward.) . . . 2. . 2... se

AA. Posterior margin of the disc of the pronotum decidedly rounded or
even angulate. The tegmina without mottling, the background dark

and the veins light.
b. Pronotum with its posterior edge broadly and evenly rounded, not

margined on the disc, which is nearly smooth on its posterior

third. 2. 2 1 ee ew ew ee we ee eee

6b. Pronotum with its posterior edge angulate or subangulate, some-
times provided with a very marked margin on the disc behind.

c. Larger; the pronotum decidedly tectate and when viewed laterally

evenly arcuate, its posterior edge subangulate and provided with

a well-marked border, the hind lobe granulate above. (Durango

or Sinaloa.). . 2. 2 6 6 ew ee ee eee ee

cc. Smaller; the pronotum not decidedly tectate, and when viewed

laterally nearly straight, its posterior edge angulate and witbout

a border, the hind lobe smooth. (Tepic.). . . . . to

1. Brachystola magna, Girard.

193

. ponderosa, sp. n.

. virescens, Charp.

. intermedia, sp. i.

. magna, Girard.

. mexicana, Sp. Nn.

. behrensi, Scudd.

. eisent, sp. N.

Brachypeplus magnus, Gir. in Marcy’s Expl. Red River, p. 231, t. 15. figg. 1-4 (1858)* ; Thomas,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, p. 797; Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 271
(1871) ° ; Scudd. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1872) *; Glover, Ilustr. N. Am. Ent.,

Orthopt. t. 7. fig. 11 (1872) °.

Brachystola magna, Scudd, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p. 267 (1876) *; Sauss. Prodr. (edip.

pp. 241, 242 (1884) "; Addit. Prodr. Gidip. pp. 163, 164 (1888) °.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., August 1906.

2Cc

194 -ORTHOPTERA.

Hab. Nortu AmEnica, plains east of the Rocky Mountains from Wyoming and
South Dakota to Texas and New Mexico !~§.—! Mexico.

It is quite likely that the Mexican individuals referred to this species belong either
to B. intermedia or B. virescens, though some of them may appertain to B. magna,
as undoubted specimens of that insect occur.in both Texas and New Mexico not
far from the international boundary-line. Apart from B. magna, which has a wide
distribution, all the other members of the genus appear rather restricted to special

localities.

2. Brachystola ponderosa, sp. n.

Very large and robust, with ample pronotum, in which the granulations of the disc are numerous, fine, and
rather evenly distributed. Tegmina with comparatively few, but large maculations.

Occiput rounded, smooth, without the definite median longitudinal carina and transverse ruge found in
B. magna ; the fastigium of the vertex at about a right angle (¢) or a trifle obtuse (9 ), the bounding
walls blunt ; frontal costa narrow above, evenly expanding beneath, sulcate to a little below the ocellus.
yes small, not prominent. Antenne of moderate length, rather stout, filiform. Pronotum moderately
elongate, the disc about twice as wide behind as in front, the median and lateral carine prominent, the
former evenly and roundly arcuate when viewed in profile, the latter somewhat sinuate near the middle ;
posterior edge broadly and gently rounded, the centre very slightly hollowed out. Tegmina about as in
B. magna, but with few mottlings. Hind femora very large and robust in the male, more slender
in the female. Apex of male abdomen produced: into a slender beak-like process, which is deeply sulcate
above and gently notched at the tip. .

General colour (presumably, as the specimens before me have been immersed in spirits) greenish, varied with
testaceous, ferruginous, and piceous in the pattern found on specimens of B. magna. Face between the
lateral carine pale testaceous, the lower portion of the costa darker. Antenne pale, the apical portion
somewhat infuscate.

Length of body, ¢ 53, 2 60; of pronotum, ¢ 17:5, 2 23; of tegmina, ¢ & 9,10; of hind femora, ¢ 34,
2 30; of antenne, ¢ 22, 9 23 millim. Co

Hab. Mexico, Guaymas (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

Two males and two females. This species seems to be considerably larger than its
nearest ally, B. magna, and in life undoubtedly would be still larger than the dimen-
sions given here. It seems to be more uniformly coloured than B. magna, although
the knees of the hind femora are decidedly blacker than in that insect. B. ponderosa
seems to be rather restricted in its distribution, since no other specimens have come to
the present writer’s notice.

3. Brachystola intermedia, sp. n.

‘This form is most nearly related to B. magna, but differs from that species in its somewhat smaller size and
more robust form. In B, intermedia the pronotum is correspondingly shorter and broader, and has the
disc more evenly and coarsely granulose, while the tegmina are more nearly circular than in B. magna.
It is also of a more uniform brownish-ferruginous colour than are any of the other species here treated.
The synoptic table given above will show quite clearly the chief characteristics of each, therefore no
further description of B, intermedia is necessary.

Length of body, 9, 47-50; of pronotum 14, of tegmina 8, of hind femora 24 millim.

Hab, Mexico, Magdalena, Sonora? (U.S. Biol, Surv.), Mazatlan (Woodruff).

BRACHYSTOLA. 195

Three female specimens. It may reach South-western Arizona in the vicinity of the
Huachuca Mountains. However, no members of the genus have been examined by me
from that region.

4, Brachystola virescens, Charp.

Brachypeplus virescens, Charp. Orthopt. descr. et pict. t.51*; Glover, Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt.
t. 9. fig. 8 (1872) 7; Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 250 (1873) *.

Brachystola virescens, Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 58 (1883)*; Sauss. Prodr. Gidip. p. 242
(1884) °; Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 163 (1888) °*; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 44 (1900) 7.

Brachystola magna, Rebn, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 528 °.

Hab. Nortn America, Texas and New Mexico §?.,—Mexico!~5, Colonia Garcia
(C. H. T. Townsend), and Casas Grandes, Chihuahua 8.

The present species is apparently confined to the northern part of Chihuahua,
Southern New Mexico, and Western Texas. It is much smaller than B. magna,
B. intermedia, and B. ponderosa, in which group it falls. None of the specimens
examined are uniformly green, as Charpentier’s figures would indicate. A specimen
received from Mr. Rehn, who reported it as B. magna (loc. cit.), is referred here.
The female has three fuscous patches on the outer disc of the hind femora, as in
B. mexicana, a character not found in B. magna.

5. Brachystola mexicana, sp. n. (Tab. II. fig. 4, 2.)

A moderately small, but very robust insect, with broadly rounded hind margin of pronotum and small tegmina,
the ground-colour of which is dark brown, instead of pale ferruginous or testaceous.

Head of moderate size, much broader below than above, the occiput smooth, rounded; vertex between the
unusually small eyes wider apart than twice the longest diameter of one of them, the fastigium in nowise
sulcate nor bordered with lateral carinw, roundly continuous with the prominent frontal costa; the latter
evenly expanding below, gently sulcate at and for a short distance above the ocellus. Antenne short,
about reaching the middle of the pronotum, their foves deep and rendered even more conspicuous
by being dark piceous in colour. Pronotum ample, the disc depressed on the anterior lobe, bulging on
the posterior lobe, sparsely and evenly studded with polished circular elevations, except in the middle
near the posterior extremity, where the surface is almost smooth ; median carina high and prominent,
except near the posterior extremity ; lateral carine also quite prominent and strongly divergent. Tegmina
circular, small, dark-coloured, the veins pale. Abdomen very broad at the base, tapering rapidly, short.
Hind femora slender, inner disc dark, the outer one with three dark patches—one basal, one median, and
the other apical. Knees with the usual black lunules. Hind tibie with 10 irregularly arranged small
spines in the outer row.

General colour brownish-testaceous (probably with a greenish tinge in life), Sides of the pronotum more or
less piceous. Dorsum of abdomen brunneous, with two paler bands, one on either side near the middle.
Other markings as given in general description.

Length of body, 2, 40; of pronotum 15, of tegmina 7:50, of hind femora 19, of antenne 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, the exact locality not known (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

The single specimen upon which the present species is based bears the simple label
“Mexico.” It presumably comes from the northern portion, perhaps from either
Sonora or Chihuahua.

2 Co 2

196 .ORTHOPTERA.

6. Brachystola behrensi, Scudd. (Tab. II. fig. 6, 2.)

Brachystola behrensi, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 33, 34 (1877) '; Sauss. Addit.
Prodr. CEdip. pp. 168, 164 (1888)?; Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxvii. pp. 206, 217
(1896) *.

Hab. Mexico }~%, Sinaloa (J. Behrens), Durango or Sinaloa (Forrer: 1 3, 3 2).

This species is readily distinguished from B. magna and its allies by the prolonged
and broadly rounded hind margin of the pronotal disc, and by the pale-veined dark
tegmina; and from the following, B. ecsent, by its larger size, and paler and greener

colour.

7. Brachystola eiseni, sp.n. (Tab. II. fig. 5, 9.)

A rather small, slender, pale vinaceous-brown species, with angulate, posteriorly bordered pronotum.

Head fairly robust, occiput smooth, without a well-defined longitudinal median carina; vertex broad, the
fastigium in nowise sulcate, its bounding walls not elevated, the insect in this respect similar to
B. mexicana ; eyes rather large and fairly prominent for the genus, nearly (3) or quite ( 2 ) as long as
the cheeks below them ; frontal costa prominent, its upper end roundly continuous with the fastigium,
the sides rapidly and evenly diverging below, shallowly and narrowly suleate, the surface minutely
punctate (¢) or finely aciculate (2) above and on the sides of the ocellus. Pronotum elongate, rather
narrow in the male, but moderately broadly expanding posteriorly in the female; median and lateral
carinee prominent, nearly straight, disc with the anterior lobe provided with fairly prominent raised
points, the posterior one nearly smooth, front margin a little advanced upon the base of the occiput, hind
margin angulate, in the male a little obtuse, in the female slightly acute. Tegmina rather larger than
usual, especially in the male, the background dark with paler veins. Hind femora robust and longer in
the male, more slender and shorter than the abdomen in the female. Last ventral segment of male abdomen

- with the narrowed apical portion gently bent downward and rather deeply but narrowly fissured. Hind
tibie provided with 9 spines in the outer row.

General colour very pale vinaceous-brown, inclined to lavender on the head, disc of pronotum, and legs.
Antennal grooves, centre of fovea of frontal costa below ocellus, the sulci between face and cheeks, and
the genicular lunule of hind femora black; pronotal carinz and greater portion of lateral lobes piceous;
a narrow stripe on each side of the face, together with the immediate border of the sides of the
pronotum, dirty white; abdomen largely dark vinaceous-brown above, pale beneath, the dorsum at each
side of the middle marked with a series of prominent, quadrate, whitish patches, one to each segment.
Lower sulcus of hind femora testaceous. Antenne pale, darker apically.

Length of body, ¢ 40, 2 44; of pronotum, ¢ 15°5, 2 18; of tegmina, ¢ 9, 9 6:5; of hind femora, ¢ 26,

@ 20 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tepic (Gustav Eisen, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.: 1 3,1 @).

This species is dedicated to its collector, who has done much towards bringing to
light many interesting west-coast Mexican insects,

[TYTTHOTYLE, Scudder,
Thrincus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 79 (1890) (part.).
Tytthotyle, Scudder, Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 74 (1897).
Like several other North-American Q&dipodine genera, this monotypic genus is
confined to the region along the international border between the United States
and Mexico,

TYTTHOTYLE.—PHRYNOTETTIX. 197

1. Tytthotyle maculata, Bruner. (Tab. II. fig. 9, 2.)
Thrincus (?) maculatus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. pp. 79, 89 (1890) '*.
Tytthotyle maculata, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xxix. p. 75 (1897) .

Hab. Norvu America! ?, Yuma and Needles, California (H. F. Wickham).

This insect appears to be rather restricted in its range, and, at the same time, quite
rare. It has been reported but a few times, and then only in small numbers |

PHRYNOTETTIX, Uhler.

Ephippigera, Haldeman, in Stansbury’s Expl. and Surv. Great Salt Lake, Ins. p. 371 (1852)
(nec Latreille).

Phrynotettiz (Uhler, MSS.), Glover, Illustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 6. fig. 25 (1872).

Eremobia, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 886 (1875) (nec Serv.).

Haldmanella, Saussure, Addit. Prodr. Gdip. p. 153 (1888).

Haldemanelia, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 81 (1890).

Haldemannia, Townsend, Ins. Life, vi. p. 31 (1898).

The locusts which comprise the present genus are typical denizens of deserts, and
are especially characteristic of the arid regions of Northern Mexico and the South-
western United States. While the individuals of each form vary considerably, among
themselves, they nevertheless offer fairly good characters by which they may be
assigned to their respective species. Being so toad-like in their actions and general
appearance, and frequenting as they do such out-of-the-way localities, comparatively
few specimens have come into the hands of orthopterologists. Undoubtedly still
other forms will eventually be added to those here recorded.

Table for separating the Species of Phrynotettix.

A. Lower edge and inner face of hind femora largely dark brown or
black. Tegmina squamiform, lateral, in the males scarcely reaching
the middle of the second abdominal segment.
6. Smaller, with the pronotum less strongly rugose; the hind femora
in the female 11-17 mm. long.
c. Pronotum of ? 11-14mm.long. . . . . .. . . . . &. tschivavensis, Hald.
cc. Pronotum of 917 mm.long . . .. . . . . [8. taosanus, Rehn.]
66. Larger, with the pronotum strongly rugose ; the hind femora in
the female 16-20 mm. long.
c. Insect not excessively robust. Pronotum of ? 18-20mm. long. 4. magnus, Thom.
cc. Insect, especially the female, excessively robust. Pronotum of
9 16-17 mm.long. . .. . . . . . . L. verruculatus, Uhl.
AA. Lower edge and inner face of hind femora pallid, “‘Tegmina of
males with their dorsal edges touching or overlapping, one-half
to two-thirds as long as the abdomen. . . . . . . . . «. 5. robustus, Bruner.

198 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Phrynotettix verruculatus, Uhler.
Phrynotettiz verruculata (Uhler), Glover, Ilustr. N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 6. fig. 25 (1872) »
Haldemanella verruculata, Scudd. & Ckll. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci. ix. p. 39 (1902) *.
Phrynotettix tshivavensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 596 (in part.) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Pecos River, Texas !, Taos Valley, New Mexico, and Phenix,
Arizona (coll. Z. Bruner).—Mexico, San Blas (Woodruff).

The synoptic table given above indicates quite clearly the differences between the
various species as here recognized.

2. Phrynotettix tschivavensis, Hald. (Haldemanella tchivavensis, Tab. II.
fig. 1, 3.)
Ephippigera tcivavensis, Hald. in Stansbury’s Expl. and Surv. Great Salt Lake, Ins. p. 371, t. 10.

fig. 3 (1852) *; Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 545 (1870) *.
Haldmanella tschivavensis, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 153 (1888) °.
Haldemanella tschivavensis, Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 44 (1900) (in part.) *.

Hab. Norta America, Silver City, New Mexico (7. Marsh), and Needles, California

(H. F. Wickham, coll. L. Bruner)—MeExico}, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. T.
Townsend, coll. L. Bruner).

Possibly some of the other references to insects of this group should be included in
the above synonymy. ‘The present species is the smallest of the described forms.

[3. Phrynotettix taosanus, Rehn.
Phrynotettix taosanus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, pp. 595, 597, 5987.

Hab. Nortu America, Taos Valley, New Mexico! (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

This species is not known to the present writer. It may also be an insect of
sufficiently wide distribution to bring it into Mexican territory. |

4, Phrynotettix magnus, Thomas.

Eremobia magna, Thomas, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 886, t. 48. fig. 5
(1875) *. —

Haldmanella tschivavensis, Sauss. Addit. Prodr. Gidip. p. 153 (1888) (in part.) *.

Haldemanetla tschivavensis, Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 44 (1900) (in part.) *.

Phrynotettix tshivavensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, pp. 596, 597 (in part.) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern Arizona 1,.—Mextco, Sonora (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

The only specimen of what is supposed to be the species described by Thomas
at hand is a female that has been preserved in spirits and subsequently pinned. It
simply bears the label “ Sonora, Mexico.” It readily separates from its nearest ally,
P. verruculatus, by the characters given in the synoptic table.

PHRYNOTETTIX.—PYRGOMORPHIN&A, 199

5. Phrynotettix robustus, Bruner. (Haldemanella robusta, Tab. II. figg. 2, ¢ ;

3, 2.)
Haldemanella robusta, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 81 (1890) '.
Haldemannia robusta, Towns. Ins. Life, vi. p. 31 (1898) *.
Haldemanella tschivavensis, Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 44 (1900) (in part.) *.
Phrynotettix tshivavensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, pp. 596; 597 (in part.) *.

Hab.’ Norta America, El Paso, Texas, Las Cruces, New Mexico, and S.W. Arizona
(coll. L. Bruner).—Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango (Hége : 2 nymphs).

This is the largest representative of the genus, and is very distinct from all the
others in wing-structure, as is indicated by the table for the separation of the various
species.

Subfam. PY RGOMORPHINA *.

The subfamily Pyrgomorphine is represented in Central America, Mexico, and the
adjacent portions of the United States by no less than six well-marked genera and about
twenty species. Most of the forms belong to Calamacris, Rehn, and Sphenarium, Charp.
The members of the former genus are restricted to the more arid regions of Middle and
Northern Mexico and Arizona, while those of the latter are distributed throughout

the humid portions of Mexico southward. The genera may be recognized by aid of
the annexed Table + :—

Synopsis of the Genera.

A. Apical spine on the outer side of the hind tibie wanting.

Posterior lobe of the pronotum not decidedly shorter than the

anterior one. Tegmina and wings well developed, in the male
equal to, in the female shorter than, the abdomen. . . . . Pyroomorpna, Serville.

AA. Apical spine on the outer side of the hind tibiz strongly con-

spicuous. Posterior lobe of the pronotum decidedly shorter

than the anterior one. Tegmina and wings wanting or the

former only present and rudimentary.
b. Body elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Tegmina wanting or
very rudimentary.

c. Antenne filiform, cylindrical, inserted between the eyes.
General colour green or greenish . . . . . . IcutHyp1on, Saussure.

cc. Antenne ensiform or subensiform, the joints depressed,

inserted at the upper extremity of, or slightly beyond,

* Principal works referred to for this subfamily are:—
Botrvak, Ienacto, Monografia de los Pirgomorfinos (Madrid, 1884).
BotivaR, Ienactio, “ Notas sobre los Pirgomorfidos ” (Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1904, pp. 306-326).
Karscu, F., “ Beitrige zu Ignacio Bolivar’s Monografio de los Pirgomorfinos” (Ent. Nachr, xiv. 1888).
+ The insect figured on Tab. IV. figg. 27, 27 a, as Aspidophyma americana has since been described and
figured by Rehn as Microtylopteryx fusiformis (see Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 451-454, fig. 43)
and assigned a place among the genera of the subfamily Acridiine. See infra.

200 . ORTHOPTERA.

the eyes. General colour testaceous, cinereous, dark
olivaceous, or even ferruginous . .. - . . » Cavamacris, Rehn *,
6b. Body robust or even obese, frequently compressed. Tegmina,
when present, elongate. .
e. Pronotum acutely tectiform. Antenne triquetrous, dilated
at the base. Tegmina and wings wanting. Cerci of male
branched. . . . . . oe ew eee . . «+ XyYRonotus, Saussure.
cc. Pronotum obtusely tectiform o or rounded. Antenna filiform. |
Cerci of male simple. .
d. Tegmina ampliated at the apex. Pronotum gently sinuate
_ behind . .. . . oe. e «+ + + + SpHENARtuM, Charpentier.
dd. Tegmina ampliated at "the base. Pronotum strongly
sinnose behind . . . , . . «© « « « « «© «© « PRrospHENA, Bolivar.

CALAMACRIS, Rehn.

Calamacris, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 529.
Atyphoscirtus, Bruner (MSS.).

This genus of locusts is confined to the warmer parts of the arid regions of North
America. Representatives occur from Southern Arizona in the United States to the
State of Jalisco in Mexico. Five forms are represented either by specimens at hand
or by published descriptions. They may be separated briefly as follows :—

Table for separating the Species of Calamacris.

A. Body without definite, or with very faint, supplemental longitudinal
carinz on the dorsum of the meso- and metathoracic and basal
abdominal segments. .
b. Tegmina present, very small and simple. Fastigium of the vertex
rounded. (Jalisco.) . 2. 2. 1. 6 2 ee © 6 « + ee | 6M, elendoni, Rehn.
bb. Tegmina wanting. Fastigium of the vertex acuminate. (Lower
California.) 2. 2. 2 2 1 1 ee ew ww we ew a. [2. californica, sp. n.]
AA. Body provided with conspicuous supplemental longitudinal carine
on the dorsum of the meso- and metathoracic and basal abdominal
segments. . 7
b. Antennz exceptionally heavy, widely dilated at the base. Face
very strongly oblique. (Lower California.) - + 2 6 © « « [8, mexicana, sp, n.]
bb. Antenne rather slender, only gently dilated at the base. Face less
strongly oblique.
c. Eyes moderate, not prominent. The fastigium of the vertex
rounded. (Lower California.) . . . 2... . . «© «© « [4 palmeri, sp. n.]
cc. Eyes large and very prominent. The fastigium of the vertex
acuminate, slightly depressed. (Southern Arizona and pro-
bably N. Mexico.) . . . . . 2. 2 1 ww ee) OSL oculata, sp. n.

* This genus is the same as Atyphoscirtus, two species of which are figured on Tab. LV. figg. 24, 25, 26.

CALAMACRIS. 201

1. Calamacris clendoni, Rehn.
Calamacris clendoni, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 529°.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara in Jalisco !.

This insect is not represented in the collections at hand. It is just possible that the
sexes as described by Mr. Rehn belong to distinct species, since the discrepancy in size
between the two is greater than between the smallest male and largest female of all
the material before me. His statement that the female has a “form much as in the
male but slenderer” does not agree with any of the other species here described.

(2. Calamacris californica, sp. n. (Atyphoscirtus californicus, Tab. IV.
figs. 24, 2; 25, 254, 3.)

General colour brownish-testaceous, with a tinge of olive about the head and thorax above. The male is
marked with a pale line on each side of the head, along the lower edge of the pronotum, and across the
sides of the meso- and metathorax to the base of the hind femora. The inner side of the middle femora
of the male and the knees of the hind pair in both sexes are black or fuscous.

The fastigium of the vertex is shorter and very much narrower than in C. mexicana, with its apex acuminate
even in the female. Surface of the body somewhat rugose in the female and more or less transversely
wrinkled, in the male much smoother and punctate.

Length of body, 5 21, 2 30; of antenne, 5 9°5, 9 8°5; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 2 4:8; of hind femora, ¢ 9-5,

© 10°5 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornia, San José del Cabo (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.).]

[3. Calamacris mexicana, sp. n. (Atyphoscirtus mexicanus, Tab. IV.
fig. 26, 2.)

General colour dark grey-brown, with the venter and the inner face of the hind femora flavous. Antenne
triquetrous, heavy and unusually broad at the base, shorter than the head and pronotum taken together ;
inserted considerably in advance of the eyes. Head of about the same length as the pronotum; the
fastigium somewhat longer than one of the eyes, its sides a little convergent anteriorly, the front edge
rounded ; eyes striped longitudinally with brown, only moderately prominent, one-half longer than broad,
their hind edge truncate, separated above by a space nearly equal to their shortest diameter; occiput
rugose and canaliculate. Pronotum subcylindrical, punctate, rugose and coarsely, longitudinally carinate ;
the hind lobe very short and lacking the longitudinal carine, its posterior edge nearly straight, very
gently emarginate in the middle. Meso- and metathorax, as well as the abdominal segments above,
provided with several longitudinal ridges, which give to the insect a corrugated appearance. Tegmina
very rudimentary and narrow, reaching only to the hind margin of the mesothoracic segment. Abdomen
rather long and cylindrical; the valves of the ovipositor slightly crenulate on the outer edges and
furnished with a series of small tubercles on their disc above. Hind femora small, slender, their apices
falling considerably short of the tip of the abdomen. Hind tibiz with 10 or 11 spines in the outer row.
The anterior edge of the prosternum with a somewhat elevated transverse ridge.

Length of body, 2, 30; of head 4°6, of pronotum 4:15, of tegmina 1-5, of hind femora 10, of antenne

7 millim.

Hab. Lower Catirornta, Patrocinio (Chas. D. Haines, coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

A single specimen. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., October 1906. 2 Dp

202 ORTHOPTERA.

(4. Calamacris palmeri, sp. n.
Very similar to C. mewicana in general structure and size, but differing from that insect, as indicated by the
synoptic table of the species, in the less heavy antenne and the more acuminate fastigium of the vertex.
Length of body, 2, 34; of antenne 8°5, of pronotum 5, of hind femora 11 millim.

Hab. Lower Cauirornia, Cape St. Lucas (Dr. Palmer, in coll. S. H. Scudder). |

5. Calamacris oculata, sp. n.

The single specimen at hand has been preserved in spirits and has lost its colour. The lower edges of the
pronotum, however, show traces of a pale line, the inner side of the middle femora and the basal half of
the tibie are black, while the hind tibise have the lower side and apical third strongly infuscated. The
inner side of the knees is also darkened.

The distinctive characters are noted in the synoptic table of the species.

Length of body, 3, 2%; of antenne 9°5, of pronotum 3, of hind femora 9 millim.

Hab. Norv Amurica, extreme Southern Arizona (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.).

It certainly occurs across the border-line in Mexico as well.

PYRGOMORPHA, Serville.

Truzxalis, Charpentier, Hore Ent. p. 126 (1825); Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 206 (1838).

Truxalis (Pyrgomorpha), Serville, Hist. Orthopt. p. 583 (1839).

Pyrgomorpha, Brunner, Prodr. Eur. Orthopt. p. 185 (1882); Bolivar, Monogr. Pirgomorfinos,
p- 76 (1884).

1. Pyrgomorpha dispar, Boliv.
Pyrgomorpha dispar, Boliv. Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 79 (1884) °.

Hab. Mexico (coll. Brunner v. Wattenwyl').

This insect is not represented in any of the collections studied, and is the only
species of the genus thus far reported from American territory.

ICHTHYDION, Saussure.

Ichthydion, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xi. p. 890 (1859) ; Bolivar, Monogr. Pirgomorfinos,
p. 94, t. 2. fig. 18 (1884).

1. Ichthydion mexicanum, Sauss. (Tab. IV. figg. 22, 22a, 2.)
Ichthydion mexicanum, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xi. p. 390°; Thom. Acrid. N. Amer. p. 198
(1873)°; Boliv. Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 94, t. 2. figg. 18, 138 @ (1884) *.

Hab. Mexico 1, Vera Cruz (coll. L. Bruner *).

XYRONOTUS, Saussure.
Xyronotus, Saussure, in litt.; Bolivar, Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 96, t. 2. fig. 12 (1884).

This genus is confined to Mexican territory, and thus far is known only by a single

XYRONOTUS.—SPHENARIUM. 203

species. Its general colour and appearance would indicate a life among dead leaves.
The insect is probably a denizen of the jungles of the warmer parts of the country.

1. Xyronotus aztecus, Sauss. (Tab. IV. figg. 23, 23a, 3.)
Xyronotus aztecus, Sauss. in litt.'; Boliv. Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 96, t. 2. figg. 12, 12a-c
(1884) *; Karsch, Ent. Nachr. xiv. p. 843 (1888) °.

Hab. Mexico !~’, Orizaba (coll. L. Bruner).

A single specimen, a male, is at hand. It is in the present writer’s collection, and
bears the label “‘ Mexico, Apr.”

SPHENARIUM, Charpentier.
Sphenarium, Charpentier, Orthopt. descript. et depict. t. 31 (1841-1845).

The genus Sphenarium is composed of about a dozen closely related species, or
forms, of wingless locusts that are distributed over portions of Middle and Southern
Mexico. Some of them enjoy a rather wide range, while others are much more
restricted in their distribution. The following synoptical table will show the relation-
ships of the forms which are here recognized :—

Table for separating the Species of Sphenarium.

A. Tegmina with their edges parallel or nearly so, very little or not
at all broadening toward their apices. Pronotum cylindrical, its
median carina usually but poorly defined in the males, a little more
prominent in the females.

6. Cheeks back of the eyes smooth. Knees of hind femora fusco-

castaneous.
ec. Size large (¢, length 33 mm.). Body smooth, more or less
glabrous; pronotum punctate. . . . . . . . =. =. . XL. histrio, Gerst.

cc. Size smaller (gj, length 25-28 mm.). Body dull, rugose;
pronotum somewhat transversely wrinkled.
d. Lateral edges of the pronotum of female pale. The male
without a conspicuous pale dorsal stripe. . . . . + 2, carinatum, Boliv.
dd. Lateral edges of the pronotum in the female concolorous.
The males provided with a very conspicuous pale dorsal
stripe which reaches from the front edge of the pronotum
to the tip of the abdomen . . . ..... . . . 8. bolivari, sp. n.
bb. Cheeks back of the eyes tuberculate. Knees of the hind femora
usually concolorous.
c. More robust. General colour green. Lower lateral edges of
female pronotum and tegmina concolorous. Male with
reddish mesonotum, lateral pronotal and abdominal bands,
andtegmina. . . . «© » 1. 1 2 ep we oe ww ww A mexicanum, Sauss,

2 Dp 2

204 ORTHOPTERA.

cc. Slenderer, general colour fusco-olivaceous. Lower lateral edges
of female pronotum pale, and with the tegmina brunneous or
fuscous. Male not provided with reddish markings .
AA. Tegmina plainly broadening apically. Pronotum tectiform, the
median carina usually rather conspicuous and percurrent.
6. Fastigium of the vertex plainly longer than one of the eyes, even
in the female. Mesonotum black. (Tepic and Guanajuato.)
6b. Fastigium of the vertex little, if any, longer than one of the eyes,
in the female usually shorter. Mesonotum varied with yellow.
c. Anterior and middle femora of male very robust.
d. Body dull wood-brown in both sexes, the surface evenly
rugose. Pronotum without definite lateral carine
dd. Body of male at least more or less glabrous. General colour
variable. Lateral carine of the pronotum more or less
prominent. .
e. Larger (¢, length 26 mm.). Pronotal carine complete,
glabrous. Colour fusco-piceous varied with yellow.
Fastigium of the vertex with its sides but little con-
vergent anteriorly. Body robust, ¢ - oe ee
ee. Smaller (3, length 20-22 mm.). Lateral carine of the
pronotum interrupted or obscure. Fastigium of the
vertex with its sides rather strongly convergent. Body
of male more slender . . . . . . 1. wu
cc. Anterior and middle femora of males but little enlarged.
d. Median carina of the pronotum weak. Fastigium short, the
sides rather strongly convergent woe ee
dd. Median carina of the pronotum fairly conspicuous. The
fastigium with its sides nearly parallel

1. Sphenarium histrio, Gerst.
Sphenarium histrio, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1878, p. 196? (nec Bolivar).

5. marginatum, sp. 0.

6. borrei, Boliv.

7. rugosum, sp. n.

8. barretti, sp. n.

9. purpurascens, Charp.

. 10. planum, sp. n.

. Ll. minimum, sp. n.

Hab. Muxico!, Colon [Aspinwall], Barrios or Isthmus of Tehuantepec (coll. 8. H.

Scudder).

A single discoloured female specimen from Tehuantepec is
larger than any other Sphenarium before me, and measures the
male (length 33 millim.).

2. Sphenarium carinatum, Boliv.

referred here. It is
same as Gerstaecker’s

Sphenarium carinatum, Boliv. Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1904, pp. 306, 307°.
Hab. Guatemaa, Testuaco, Santa Rosa ! (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

A male and female in the United States National Museum seem to belong here, as
they agree with Bolivar’s description and come from the type locality.

SPHENARIUM. 205

3. Sphenarium bolivari, sp. n.
? Sphenarium histrio, Boliv. Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 98, figg. 14, 14.@ (1884) *.

Similar in size and general form to S. mexicanum, but lacking the tuberculations on the sides of the head
behind the eyes. In its coloration the present species, in the male at least, is much more varied than
is that sex of S. mexicanum; but the striking difference is the conspicuous yellow medio-dorsal line
which extends without interruption from the front edge of the pronotum to the base or even middle of
the supra-anal plate. The general colour of the pronotum is fusco-olivaceous, save for the pale lower
edges, the dorsal line, and two or three short wedges of yellow on the back edge of dorsum between the
humeral angle and median carina. The mesonotum is red, as are also the lateral abdominal bands and
a dash just above the tegmina on the metathoracic ring. A tinge of the same colour is also found on
the sides of the pronotum just over the piceous line which borders the pale yellow lateral borders. The
basal abdominal segment above is provided internally with a rather prominent quadrate patch of yellow.
The pleura and venter, along with the face, are also pale yellow. The knees of the hind femora and the
base of the intermediate tibize are infuscated, while the tibie are greenish and without a trace of red
or coral.

Length of body, ¢, 26-28; of pronotum 6°5, of hind femora 14:5 millim.

Hab. Mexico 1, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca (C. C. Deam, coll. L. Bruner).

The female of this form is not definitely known. The two males found by Mr. Deam
are a little more robust and have a heavier median carina of the pronotum and the
fastigium of the vertex shorter and broader than in S. mexicanum. A male and female
are at hand from Cuernavaca, which appear to be intermediate between S. dolivart and
S. mexicanum. Bolivar’s description of S. histrio is probably based on specimens of
the present form.

4, Sphenarium mexicanum, Sauss. |
Sphenarium mexicanum, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. (2) xi. p. 390 (1859)*; Boliv. Monogr.
Pirgomorfinos, pp. 98, 99 (1884) ”.
? Sphenarium ictericum, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. 1873, p. 196°.
Hab. Mexico !~%,. Orizaba (H. H. Smith & F. D. Godman; coll. Bruner), Cordova,
Medellin, &c. (coll. L. Bruner), Tehuantepec (coll. Scudder 3).

This appears to be the commonest and most widely distributed species of the genus.
It ranges from the sea-level to nearly or quite 4000 feet above, but is confined to the
humid portions lying to the eastward and southward of the great volcano of Orizaba.
Its size is quite variable, as is also its coloration. . |

5. Sphenarium marginatum, sp. n.
This species is comparable with S. mewicanum, from which it differs, as shown in the synoptic table, by its
more slender form and the pale-edged pronotum in the female. It differs further in being generally much
duller coloured, in lacking the red or purple dorsal and abdominal bands of S. mewianum, and in its

somewhat longer fastigium of the vertex.
Length of body, ¢ 22, 2 26; of pronotum 5:5; of hind femora, ¢ 13°5, 9 125 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cordova (Hége: 3 2), Orizaba, Medellin (col. L. Bruner: 3 2).

206 ORTHOPTERA.

A male and female in coitu were found by Herr Hége. The types bear Saussure’s
label “ Sphenarium mexicanum,” but this is certainly an error.

6. Sphenarium borrei, Boliv. (Tab. IV. fig. 21, ¢.)
Sphenarium borrei, Boliv. Mongr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 99 (1884)*; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1904, p. 528°.

Hab. Mexico2, Guanajuato (Mus. Belg.1), Guadalajara and Tepic in Jalisco (coll.
Acad. Nat. Sci.).

This is probably the most northerly distributed species of the genus.

7. Sphenarium rugosum, sp. n.

Above the medium in size, rather robust, with heavy legs and coarsely and evenly granulose body. General
colour dull wood-brown, modified only by a narrow pale line behind each eye, a medio-dorsal one on the
mesonotum, and a very narrow pale border to the sides of the pronotum. Lower side of pectus and
venter pale. Fastigium rather short and obtuse. Tegmina spatulate, reaching the hind extremity of the
metathorax. Pronotum with slight, but interrupted, lateral carine.

Length of body, ¢ 2, 28; of pronotum 7, of hind femora 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (C. C. Deam, in coll. L. Bruner: 3 2).

On account of its dull granulose surface, this insect does not resemble very closely
any of the other species of the genus. Its body is also sparsely covered with rather
long grey hairs. Found in the month of January at Cuernavaca.

8. Sphenarium barretti, sp. n.

In size and form very similar to the preceding species, but with well-marked lateral carinee on the pronotum,
and with the body more or less glabrous, though granulose as well. General colour fusco-piceous varied
with yellow. Face, a line on each side of the head back of the eyes, the lower edge of the sides of the
pronotum rather broadly, the lateral and median carine, a medio-dorsal line on the meso- and metathorax
and abdomen, and an oblique line on each side of the mesonotum, yellow. There is also a conspicuous
yellow maculation on each side of the basal abdominal segment, while the dark lateral abdominal stripes
are rather widely margined, both above and below, with paler colour, thereby giving the abdomen the
appearance of being longitudinally vittate with light and dark, Hind femora with dark knees; the tibiw
rather strongly infuscated.

Length of body, d, 27; of pronotum 5:5, of hind femora 15°3 millim.
Hab. Mxxico, Rio Cocula, Guerrero (0. W. Barrett, in coll. L. Bruner: ¢ ).

A single specimen, found in December. This form seems to be rather closely related
to S. purpurascens, Charp., but most certainly differs from that insect as recognized by
the present writer.

9. Sphenarium purpurascens, Charp.

Sphenarium purpurascens, Charp. Orthopt. descr. et depict. t. 31. figg. 1-8 (1841-45)'; Boliv.
Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 100, t. 2, fig. 15 (1884) ?.

Hab. Muxico'?, Tlalpam, Distrito Federal, Puebla, &c. (coll. LZ. Bruner).

SPHENARIUM. 207

The insect here taken to be S. purpurascens of Charpentier is confined to the more
elevated tablelands in the vicinity of Mexico City. It is an exceedingly common and
variable locust as represented in the present writer’s collection. Charpentier’s types
were evidently discoloured by immersion in alcohol, and his figures do not give the
natural colours of the insect. The prevailing colour of the specimens at hand ranges
from olive-green to brownish-piceous varied with yellow in the male, and grass-green
to dull wood-brown in the female.

Rehn refers certain specimens which he has studied to this species (Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. xxviii. p. 227, and xxix. pp. 11, 12). Judging from their habitat, only part
of them could be referable to S. purpurascens, while the others, for the most part,
evidently belong to S. mexicanum, Sauss. The same might be said of S. borret?, Rehn
(Joc. cit. xxvii. p. 227).

10. Sphenarium planum, sp. n.

Below the medium in size, green or greenish, with fuscous or black mesonotum, which is nearly (db) or
quite () hidden by the rather ample pronotum. The latter evenly rounded, without lateral carine
or angles, strongly expanding and more than usually undulate or sinuous behind; the surface rugose ;
the median carina distinct but faint; the lower lateral edges in male narrowly pale-bordered. Head
rather stout, the vertex broad; the fastigium short, in the male obtuse, in the female angulate. Tegmina
somewhat expanding apically; in the female green, in the male ferruginous. Hind femora moderately
robust.

Length of body, ¢ 17, 2 22; of pronotum, ¢ 3°85, 2 5; of hind femora, ¢ 10, 2 (?); of antenna, 5 Q,
6 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tehuantepec (coll. L. Bruner: 3 9).

Two specimens. This insect seems to be related to S. purpurascens, but differs
materially from that species in its more rotund form and in the absence of all traces
of lateral carine on the pronotum. The female lacks the hind legs.

11. Sphenarium minimum, sp. n.

This insect is characterized by its small size, uniform green colour, and in the presence of fairly well-defined
lateral pronotal carine. The body is sparsely hirsute and the legs are rather strongly so. The face
viewed laterally is straight.

Length of body, ¢, 14; of pronotum 3:5, of hind femora 9, of antenne 7-5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Jalapa, Vera Cruz (O. W. Barrett, in coll. L. Bruner: ¢ ).

This diminutive specimen is fully mature. In general appearance it is quite different
from both S. purpurascens and 8. planum. Its habitat is likewise so radically different
from that of the species named that it is separated from them without hesitation.

A male and female at hand from Orizaba are closely related to this last-named
insect, but owing to the form of the vertex, which is long and has its sides convergent
anteriorly, and the face arcuate when viewed laterally, have been temporarily labelled
Sphenarium affine. The male is in the collection of the United States National
Museum, and the female in that of L. Bruner.

208 ORTHOPTERA.

PROSPHENA, Bolivar.
Prosphena, Bolivar, An. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. xiii. p. 447 (1884).

The only known representative of this genus, so far as at present known, is confined
to Central America, where it is apparently rare.

1. Prosphena scudderi, Boliv.
Prosphena scudderi, Boliv. Monogr. Pirgomorfinos, p. 100 (1884)*; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1905, p. 4042,
Hab. Guatemata (coll. Scudder! ; Rev. Theo. Heyde & B. Shimek, in coll. L. Bruner) ;
Costa Rica, Tarbaca (Underwood ?).

The discovery of this insect in Costa Rica greatly extends its distribution.

Subfam. ACRIDIINA*.

The present is by far the most extensive subfamily of locusts belonging to the
Mexican and Central-American fauna. It likewise seems to be the most difficult one -
to handle from the standpoint of the systematist. The various forms differ widely one
from another in size, modifications of structure, and habits. Some of them frequent
grassy hill-slopes, glades, meadows, weed-patches, thorny thickets, &c.; a few live
among aquatic plants at the margins of ponds and streams or in swamps, while others
are at home only among the dead and decaying leaves in the gloomy forests. Several
species live among the verdure of the tall trees high above the ground, and seldom
visit terra firma, even for oviposition.

While the majority of known forms are fully winged and often capable of prolonged
flight, a large percentage are entirely without these organs or possess them in a very
rudimentary state of development. In their general appearance many of these locusts
are very similar, but may readily be separated one from the other by certain permanent
modifications of structure, size,and colour. For the purposes of identification we must
consider structure of sexual appendages, pronotal characteristics, robustness of femora,
comparative number of tibial spines, length of hind tarsal joints, structure and width of
vertex, size and form of eyes, length and form of antenne, form and size of prosternal

* Principal works referred to for this subfamily are :—
Sra, C., Recensio Orthopterorum, No. 1, 1873, pp. 26-87.
Sraz, C., Systema Acridiodeorum, 1878, pp. 100.
Srat, C., Observations Orthoptérologiques, No. 3, 1878, pp. 20.
THomas, C., Synopsis of the Acridide of N. America, 1873.
Waker, Francis, Catalogue of the Dermaptera Saltatoria in the British Museum, 1871-1873.
Bruyner v. Warrenwy1, C., Révision du Systéme des Orthoptéres, 1893. .
Scupper, 8. H., Revision of the Melanopli, 1897.
Giex10-Tos, E,, Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Fiesta nella Reppublica dell’ Ecuador : Ortotteri, 1898.

ACRIDIINZE. 209

spine, shape and distance apart of the meso- and metasternal lobes, and, lastly, colour
of body, tegmina, wings, antenne, and hind tibie.

Their distribution as a group is general, though a large number of the species
which have thus far been recognized are restricted to limited areas. In conclusion, it
is but just to add that probably very many undescribed forms still remain to be added
to those here recorded.

The genera may be recognized by the subjoined table :—

Synopsis of the Genera.

1 (58). Posterior tibiz provided above with apical spines on both
margins,
2 (21). Fastigium of the vertex strongly produced horizontally.
3 (8). Frontal costa, viewed laterally, strongly produced between
the antenne, compressed, below the antenne abruptly
lowered. Pronotum in front truncate or emarginate.
4 (7). Pronotum elevated into a crest, or at least provided with
a distinct median carina. Posterior femora with the
upper carina serrate or denticulate. The spines on
the inner side of the posterior tibia much longer than
those on the outer side.
5 (6). Tegmina with their apices truncate, extending a little
beyond the tip of the abdomen. Posterior femora
rather short . . . . . . . . . «©. . « « Procotrra, Stal.
6 (5). Tegmina with their apices narrowly rounded, reaching
far beyond the tip of the abdomen. Posterior femora
long. 2 ww wee ee ee ee eee) CM ata, Stal.
7 (4). Pronotum with its median carina obsolete or wanting.
Posterior tibize elevated at the base into two acute
triangular folds. Tegmina truncate at the apex.
Antenne long. . . . . . . . + . ~~ « . Adouacris, Scudder.
8 (3). Frontal costa produced between the antenne, below the
antenne lower, not abruptly, viewed laterally oblique,
but straight or sometimes feebly arcuate-emarginate.
Pronotum in front angulately produced.
9 (10). Median crest of the pronotum serrate for its entire length. Prionotopua, Stal.
10 (9). Median crest of the pronotum entirely smooth, sometimes
crenulate posteriorly, or intersected by the transverse
sulci.
11 (18). Lateral carine of the pronotum converging in front.
12 (15). Carine of the frontal costa below the ocellus parallel or
only gently divergent. Tegmina variable.
13 (14). Tegmina and wings complete, equalling or surpassing
the abdomen in length; pronotum wholly cristate. . Troprinorvs, Serville.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., dZay 1907. 2 Er

210

14 (13).
15 (12).
16 (17).

17 (16).
18 (11).

19 (20).

25 (28).
26 (27).

27 (26).

28 (25).

29 (24).

ORTHOPTERA.

Tegmina and wings abbreviate, shorter than the abdo-
men. Pronotum doubly cristate, the anterior portion
trilobed . a

Carine of the frontal costa decidediy divergent below-the
ocellus.

Tegmina usually complete .

Tegmina abbreviated, rudimentary . Loe ee

Lateral carinz of the pronotum parallel or anteriorly
divergent.

Median carina of the pronotum very prominent and
widely interrupted on the anterior lobe, straight on
the posterior lobe; tegmina greatly abbreviated in
both sexes; apex of the male abdomen blunt and
upturned; the sexes very unequal insize. . . .

. Median carina of the pronotum less prominent and

scarcely interrupted by the transverse sulci; tegmina
generally complete in the male, more or less abbreviated
in the female; apex of the male abdomen somewhat
acuminate, not upturned; the sexes more nearly equal
in size

. Fastigium of the vertex declivant or sloping.
. Wings with the part immediately back of the humeral

area dilated basally and provided with a number of
parallel cross-veins.

. Fastigium of the vertex subtriangulately acuminate.

Frontal costa compressed.

. Pronotum cristate or carinate for its entire length, its

anterior margin subtriangulately produced or advanced
upon the occiput.

Fastigium of the vertex subhorizontal.

Frontal costa above the antenne narrowed, not sulcate at
its upper extremity. Pronotum obtusely carinate, the
lateral carina not reaching its front margin. Dilated
portion of wings very prominent . oe .

Frontal costa above the antenne not narrowed, and

_ suleate only to a limited degree. Pronotum more
acutely carinate, the lateral carine reaching its front
margin. Dilated portion of wings inconspicuous

Fastigium of the vertex strongly declivant. Frontal
costa above the antenne both narrowed and sulcate.
Pronotum distinctly cristate see

Pronotum not at all cristate, but the median carina
sometimes very distinct on the metazona, the anterior
margin truncate or emarginate in the middle.

Dracotrettix, Bruner.

Co.proLopua, Stal.
Draconata, Pictet et
[Saussure.

CisotoprTeRyx, Rehn.

ELmocuiora, Stal.

Dicryopuorvus, Thunberg.

Litoscirtus, Bruner.
Taniopopa, Stal.

Curomacris, Walker,

40 (55).
41 (46).
42 (48).
43 (42).

44, (45).
45 (44).

46 (41).
47 (48).

48 (47).
49 (50).

ACRIDIIN.Z.

. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse. The frontal costa neither

compressed nor sulcate. Median carina of the pro-
notum elevated into a crest cut into lobes by the sulci.

. Posterior tibiz provided apically on both sides with a spine.
. Interocular space of the vertex narrower than the length

of the eyes.

. Tegmina densely reticulate, without intercalary veins

between the branches of the radials .

. Tegmina less densely reticulate, provided with intercalary

veins between the branches of the radials .

. Interocular space of the vertex as wide as, or wider than,

the length of the eyes. Frontal costa very broad, above
the antenne dilated, not sulcate . .

. Posterior tibize without apical spine on the outer margin.
. Wings with the part immediately back of the humeral

area not dilated or furnished with parallel transverse
veins. Fastigium of the vertex produced, angulately
contiguous with the front.

. Mesosternal lobes distant.
. Frontal costa below the ocellus wanting or evanescent.

Second joint of the hind tarsi elongate.

Pronotum with the metazona shorter than the prozona.

Interocular space of the vertex very narrow, narrower
than the frontal costa. Costal border of the tegmina
widely membranous.

Frontal costa between the antenne strongly produced,
as seen from the side rounded . Loe ee

Frontal costa between the antenne only gently or
moderately produced.

Face and pronotum densely, strongly punctate . .

Face and anterior lobe of the pronotum smooth or
sparsely, faintly punctate . Lee es

Interocular space of the vertex wider, at least equal to
the width of the frontal costa. Costal border of the
tegmina, when present, reticulate or veined.

Pronotum elevated posteriorly

Pronotum not elevated posteriorly.

Interocular space of the vertex of equal width with, or
slightly wider than, the frontal costa, the latter deeply
sulcate

Tiranacris, Scudder.

Tropipacris, Scudder.

Prionacris, Stal.
Nicueuius, Bolivar *.

Nautta, Stal.

OPHTHALMOLAMPIS, Stal.

T#NIOPHORA, Stal.

Mezentta, Stal.

Hisycutvs, Stal.

* According to Bolivar (‘Enumération des Orthopteres de Vile de Cuba,’ p. 29) the representatives of the

genus Wichelius do not have an apical spine on the exterior margin of the hind tibiz, although by other

characters it would be necessary to class it in the section provided with the spine.

2 EE 2

68 (67).

ORTHOPTERA.

. Interocular space much wider than the frontal costa, the

latter not sulcate.

. Vertex very short and greatly depressed. Pronotum

glabrous.

. Tegmina wanting .
. Tegmina present, but rudimentary .
. Vertex produced into a heavy spike that exceeds the

pronotum in length; the latter tuberculate. Tegmina
and wings present

. Pronotum with the metazona triangulately produced, : as

long as, or longer than, the prozona

. Frontal costa continued to the labrum. Tegmina

lobiform. Second joint of hind tarsi not elongate.
Posterior femora with smooth carinz

. Mesosternal lobes contiguous,,at least in the male.
. Posterior tibiz provided above with an apical spine inter-

nally only, the external one wanting (except in Adila
and Aristia).

. Posterior tibiz expanded apically, the margin acute.
). Mesosternal lobes touching in a straight suture for

the greater portion of their length. The tegmina
acuminate.

. Fastigium of the vertex as long as, or longer than, the

longest diameter of the eyes.

. Fastigium of the vertex broadly grooved longitudinally

in the middle .

. Fastigium of the vertex without a longitudinal groove
. Fastigium of the vertex shorter than the eyes
. Mesosternal lobes more or less distant. Tegmina sub-

acuminate or rounded at their tip.

. Posterior margin of the pronotum rounded. Tubercle

of the prosternum conical, more or less acute.

. Body very graceful or slender. Front strongly oblique.

Head much exserted, conical. Antenne distinctly
ensiform. Eyes rather elongate, viewed from above
strongly convergent, meeting at an acute angle.
Pronotum distinctly dilated posteriorly, the lower edge
of sides straight, oblique. Tegmina somewhat dilated
toward the apex se ew ee
Body heavier. The front less “oblique. Head gently
exserted, not conical. Antenne filiform or subensiform.
Eyes not at all, or but little, elongated, when viewed
from above slightly convergent, forming an obtuse

RuicNoperMA, Gerstaecker.
Diczarcuvs, Stal.

BactropHora, Westwood.

TRYBLIOPHORUS, Serville.

Jivarus, Giglio-Tos.
ProracutHEs, Gerstaecker.

Leprysma, Stal.
CyLinpRoTertix, Bruner.
ARNILIA, Stal.

Inusia, Giglio-Tos.

9 (70).

70 (69).

71 (66).

72 (78).

73 (72).

4 (59).

75 (80).

76 (77).

77 (76).

78 (79).

79 (78).

ACRIDIIN 2.

angle. Pronotum not at all, or but little, dilated
posteriorly ; the lower edge of sides straight on the
posterior half, emarginate on the anterior half,
Tegmina narrowed towards the apex.

Pronotum cylindrical, the dorsum straight, viewed
laterally, the metazona not elevated. Frontal costa
below the ocellus and the lateral carine of the face
subobsolete. Eyes rather oblique, less prominent .

Pronotum gently dilated posteriorly, the dorsum when
viewed laterally sinuate, subselliform, the metazona
gently elevated, the humeral angles rather distinct.
Eyes less oblique and strongly prominent. . . . .

Posterior margin of the pronotum obtusangulate.

Angle of the posterior margin of the pronotum entire,
not incised. Tegmina greatly surpassing the hind
femora. Frontal costa moderately prominent between
the antenne, subdilated. yes rather strongly con-
vergent and somewhat remote from the front edge of
the pronotum. Tegmina with their apices sub-
acuminate soe se ee .

Angle of the posterior margin of the pronotum greatly
incised. Tegmina not surpassing the hind femora.
Frontal costa subobsolete below the ocellus, not
sulcate; fastigium of the vertex declivant

Posterior tibiz not, or but little, expanded apically, the
margins rounded.

Hind tibie with three or four of the spines on apical
portion of outer row decidedly larger than the others
and separated from them by a greater space, the
number usually six, but sometimes seven to ten.

Fastigium of the vertex short. Prosternal spine broadly
transverse and blunt. Outer tibial spines six in
number, three basal, three apical oe

Fastigium of the vertex longer. Prosternal spine am-
pliated apically, the apex flattened and the margin
acute. Outer tibial spines about ten, three apical.

Antenne arising considerably in advance of the eyes.
Tegmina very long and pointed. Disc of wings black
or fuliginous. Fastigium of the vertex long and mitri-
form, as long as the occiput . oe

Antenne arising only slightly in advance of the eyes.
Tegmina lobiform, lateral. Fastigium of the vertex
shorter than the occiput, its sides nearly parallel

STENOPOLA, Stal.

Henta, Giglio-Tos.

Cornops, Scudder.

TETRATANIA, Stal.

CorioceRA, Burmeister.

Episcopotettix, Rehn.

Evcoriocera, Bruner.

213

80 (75)
81 (92)
82 (89)
83 (88)
84. (85)
85 (84)
86 (87)
87 (86)
88 (83).
89 (82)
90 (91)
91 (90)
92 (81)
93 (128)
94. (101)
95 (98).
96 (97).

ORTHOPTERA.

. Hind tibie with the spines on the outer row regularly

arranged, seven or more in number.

. Posterior tarsi with the first and second joints subequal

in length.

. Valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, unarmed.
. Fastigium of the vertex horizontal or subhorizontal,

prominent. Front rather strongly oblique.

. Front edge of the pronotum above sinuate, decidedly

emarginate at the centre. Tegmina sometimes com-
plete, sometimes abbreviate, but not lobiform. Male
cerci long, coarse, and furnished near the middle below
with a strong tooth or prong

. Front edge of the pronotum broadly rounded, entire or

only faintly emarginate.

. Second joint of the hind tarsi longer than the first.

Pronotum and tegmina banded with flavous, the latter
as long as the abdomen

. Second joint of the hind tarsi no longer than, or scarcely

as long as, the first. Pronotum and tegmina uni-
colorous, the latter about one-half the length of the
abdomen ae . oe ee ‘

Fastigium of the vertex more or less depressed, less pro-
minent. Tegmina rudimentary or wanting. Posterior
edge of the pronotum truncate. Insect glabrous,
metallic

. Valves of the ovipositor more robust, of normal form,

the apex hooked.

. Tegmina complete, as long as, or a little longer than, the

abdomen. Legs plain, not banded

. Tegmina somewhat abbreviated, considerably shorter than

the abdomen. Legs conspicuously banded .

. Posterior tarsi with the second joint distinctly shorter

than the first.

. Fastigium of the vertex triangular or in front truncate

and separated from the frontal costa by a transverse
carina or a distinct angle.

. Fastigium divided from the vertex by a more or less

obvious transverse carina. Lateral carine of the
face strongly divergent below. Head large, greatly
exserted.
Frontal costa plain between the antennz, not sulcate.
Posterior tibiz armed externally with an apical spine.
Tegmina and wings complete. Prosternal spine acute.
Hind margin of pronotum angulate

Proctotastvs, Saussure.

LeroscaPHeus, Bruner.

ANNIcERIS, Stal.

DELLIA, Stal.

Coscineuta, Stal.

ZOSPERAMERUS, Bruner.

ABILA, Stal.

97 (96).

(95).
99 (100).
100 (99).
101 (94).

102 (105).
103 (104).

104 (108).

105 (102).
106 (116).

107 (115).

109 (110).

110 (109).

111 (112).

112 (111).

113 (114).

ACRIDIIN A, .

Posterior tibiz externally without an apical spine.
robust, apterous.

Body

Prosternal spine blunt, transverse.
Hind margin of pronotum truncate .

Frontal costa plainly sulcate between the antenne.

External edge of the hind tibiz apically spined

External edge of the hind tibie apically not spined .

Fastigium not divided from the vertex. Lateral carinz
of the face not, or but little, divergent.

Superior carina of the hind femora smooth.

Tegmina and wings complete, extending considerably
beyond the apex of the abdomen in both sexes. Head
small, the eyes elongate. Hind lobe of the pronotum

Dise of the

Male cerci elongate, the apex slightly
emarginate or forked . oe . .

Tegmina and wings incomplete, shorter than the abdomen
in both sexes.

nearly or quite as long as the front one.
wings hyaline.

Head rather large, the eyes sub-
globose, prominent. Hind lobe of the pronotum
much shorter than the front one.
blue. Male cerci robust, emarginate nearly to the
base, both forks conical

Disc of the wings

Superior carina of the hind femora more or less tuber-
culate or serrate.

Fastigium of the vertex horizontally produced, rounded
or acuminate.

Posterior femora not or very slightly surpassing the
apex of the abdomen. Fastigium of the vertex a
little widened, the edges horizontally, laminately
dilated. Pronotum rugose.

Tegmina wanting. Pronotum posteriorly truncate, the
middle a little elevated - _
Tegmina present, though sometimes lateral and lobiform.
Pronotum posteriorly emarginate, rounded, or angu-

late, the middle not elevated.

Vertex in advance of the eyes deeply sulcate.
lobiform, lateral.

Tegmina

Body provided with supplemental

longitudinal carine. Pronotum posteriorly arcuate-

Antenne narrowly ensiform

Vertex in advance of the eyes very gently or not at all
sulcate. Body without supplemental carine. Tegmina
fully developed or at least nearly half the length of

the abdomen.

emarginate.

Posterior edge of the pronotum rounded
or angulate.

Antenne subensiform, the basal joints somewhat de-

PstLotertix, Bruner.

Aristia, Stal.
Puoparia, Stal.

Oma.orertrx, Bruner.

Curysopsacris, Bruner.

Caetes, Redtenbacher.

CLEMATODES, Scudder.

216

114 (118).

115 (107).

116 (106).

117 (118).

118 (117).

119 (120).

120 (119).
121 (122).

122 (121).

123 (98).
124 (125).
125 (124).

126 (127).

127 (126).

128 (177).

129 (162).

ORTHOPTERA.

pressed. Legs and body without green markings.
Wings usually fully-developed .
Antenne linear, the basal joints not depressed. Legs
and body marked with green. Tegmina and wings
nearly or quite one-half the length of the abdomen .
Posterior femora distinctly surpassing the apex of the
Tegmina complete, widened apically and
General form that

abdomen.
obliquely truncate at the apex.
of Abila Soe ke ee ee

Fastigium of the vertex deflexed or subhorizontal, the
apex slightly truncate.

Tegmina abbreviate, but not lobiform. Pronotum fur-
nished on the anterior lobe with two large, very high,
acuminate lobes and armed on the lateral margins
with four teeth . toe ee ee es

Tegmina lobiform or rudimentary, very small or
missing.

Upper carina of the hind femora distinctly serrate.
The apical joint of the palpi usually depressed and
dilated . a

Upper carina of the hind femora smooth. Apical joints
of the palpi terete.

Hind femora moderately slender, the lower margin
before the knees straight. Insects small, graceful
Hind femora unusually robust, the lower margin broadly
arcuate before the knees. Insects medium in size,
robust . . re

Fastigium of the vertex deflexed or horizontal, sensibly
merging into the frontal costa.

Mesosternal lobes longer than wide, their inner edge
straight re

Mesosternal lobes transverse or of equal length and
width, the internal margin rounded.

Posterior femora very graceful, the base but little in-
crassate. Posterior lobe of the pronotum elevated
into a very high crest, much longer than the anterior
lobe . se ee we ee we

Posterior femora with the base more or less decidedly
incrassate. Posterior lobe of the pronotum variable
in form, but never elevated into a crest.

Posterior tibie armed on the external border usually
with more, but never with fewer, than eight spines.
Lateral margins of last ventral segment of the male

abdomen, as viewed laterally, straight throughout or

VILERNA, Stal.

LEPTOMERINTHOPHORA,
[Rehn.

Syterria, Rehn.

Nicarcuvs, Stal.

OmmartoLampPis, Burmeister.

Srratces, Stal.

(Epomervs, Bruner.

ScHISTOCERCA, Stal.

MonacHipivm, Serville.

ACRIDIINZA. 217

very slightly convex, never abruptly ampliate at
the base.

130 (141). Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the female
decidedly transverse, sometimes twice as broad as
long; of the male occasionally transverse, frequently
quadrate or subquadrate ; tegmina lobiform, linear,
or wanting.

131 (182). Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of male
decidedly transverse, as broad as, or broader than,
the lobes themselves; pronotum without lateral
cayime . . . 6 ew ee ew ww ww eh w) )6NeTROSOMA, Scudder.

132 (181). Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of male
quadrate or subquadrate, or, if feebly transverse
(Paradichroplus), not as broad as the lobes them-
selves, and then the pronotum is furnished with
lateral carine ; the tegmina ovate or linear.

133 (188). Last ventral segment of the male abdomen elongate,
extending well beyond the apex of the supra-anal
plate.

134 (185). Tegmina and wings usually complete, as long as or
longer than the abdomen. Hind margin of the
pronotum angulate or rounded; apex of the last
ventral segment of the male abdomen without an
apical tubercle te ee ee ee Dicuropu.us, Stal.

135 (1384). Tegmina and wings abbreviate, lateral. Hind margin
of the pronotum truncate; last ventral segment
pyramidal, poimted, a slight tubercle extending
beyond its posterior margin.

136 (187). Body comparatively slender; pronotum provided with
lateral carine ; metasternal lobes of the male nearly
approximate; prosternal spine transverse. Tip of
the male abdomen neither clavate nor upturned ;
furcula present . . . 2. 1. 1. . ww.) ) ).)«6Parapicnropius, Brunner.

137 (186). Body rather robust; pronotum rugose, without lateral
carine; prosternal spine stout, cylindrical; meta-
sternal lobes of the male about one-half as distant
as the mesosternal lobes. Tip of the male abdomen
clavate and upturned; furcula wanting . . . . . Dasyscirrus, Bruner.

138 (133). Last ventral segment of the male abdomen more or less
conically protuberant apically, but its interior apical
margin not or barely surpassing the apex of the
supra-anal plate.

139 (140). Apical tubercle of the subgenital plate small, extending
but a short distance beyond the supra-anal plate ;

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1907. 2 FF

140 (189).

141 (130).

142 (159).

143 (152).

144 (147).

145 (146).

146 (145).

147 (144).

ORTHOPTERA.

cerci of the male abruptly narrowed before the middle
by the excision of the inferior margin, the apical half
narrow ; lateral carine of the pronotum wholly
wanting . 2. 2. 1. 1 8 ee ew ew ee

Nearly the whole subgenital plate forming a blunt
conical tubercle projecting some distance beyond the
supra-anal plate; cerci of the male forming broad,
apically decurved, subfalcate lamin; lateral carinze
of the pronotum more or less distinct .

Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the female
generally longer than broad, sometimes quadrate,
rarely feebly transverse ; of the male never transverse
(except feebly so in Sinaloa and Cephalotettizx) ; the
tegmina variable.

Tegmina never fully developed, rarely as long as the
pronotum, lateral and ovate, or linear, or wholly
wanting; hind margin of pronotum distinctly trun-
cate or even emarginate; fore and middle femora of
male (except in Phawlotettix) distinctly more gibbous
than in the female.

Furcula of the male abdomen wanting or forming a pair
of short lobes, at most no longer than broad.

Last dorsal segment of the male abdomen furnished
mesially with a pair of slightly protuberant rounded
lobes ; cerci of the male compressed, laminate, beyond
the slightly narrowing basal portion equal or sub-
equal, the tip curved downward or inferiorly angulate
at the apex.

Prosternal spine erect; interspace between the meso-
sternal lobes nearly twice as long as broad ; fore and
middle femora of the male noticeably gibbous; sub-
genital plate of the male terminating in a large
conical tubercle . ce ee eee

Prosternal spine retrorse ; interspace between the meso-
sternal lobes of the male only a little longer than
broad; fore and middle femora of the male only
slightly gibbous ; subgenital plate of the male without
apical tubercle . . . 2. 1. 1 ae

Last dorsal segment of the male abdomen without
projecting lobes or furcula in any form, unless as
exceptionally broad and short sessile plates; cerci
of the male (except in Cephalotettix) apically acumi-
nate or curved upward.

Puaprorertix, Scudder.

Conatcz#a, Scudder.

Baryterrrix, Scudder.

Puavutorertix, Scudder.

148 (149).

149 (148).

150 (151).

151 (150).

152 (143).

153 (158).
154 (155).

155 (154).

156 (157).

157 (156).

58 (153).

ACRIDIIN 2.

Head large, and eyes (at least in the male) large and
very prominent, the breadth of the head distinctly
exceeding the greatest width of the pronotum ; inter-
space between the mesosternal lobes of the male
slightly transverse . . .

Head normal and the eyes not very prominent even in
the male, so that the breadth of the head does not
exceed the greatest width of the pronotum; inter-
space between the mesosternal lobes of the male
distinctly longer than broad.

Tegmina lobiform ; last ventral segment of the male
abdomen protruding beyond the tip of the supra-anal
plate by less than one-half the length of the latter ;
cerci of the male compressed, subequal, the tip broad .

Tegmina linear; last ventral segment of the male
abdomen protruding beyond the tip of the supra-anal
plate by much more than one-half the length of the
latter; cerci of the male tapering from the base,
the tip acuminate soe . oe

Furcula of the male consisting of a pair of parallel,
attingent, cylindrical prominences, generally twice
as long as broad.

Tegmina lobiform.

Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of the male
slightly transverse. Cerci of the male forming com-
pressed, subequal, lamine. . . . -

Interspace between the mesosternal lobes of male
decidedly elongate. Cerci of the male flattened.
Abdomen above varied with >-shaped pale markings.
Carinz of the outer face of the hind femora alter-
nately pale and darker.

General colour of the insect green or greenish, varied
with yellow. Lower carina of outer face of the hind
femora dashed with yellow. Cerci of the male
flattened, the posterior edge of the apical fourth
obliquely docked . . . 2. © 2. 1 1 ee

General colour of the insect brownish testaceous, varied
with dark brown or black. Lower carina of the outer
face of the hind femora testaceous and dashed with
black . 2... 2

Tegmina wanting ; interspace between the mesosternal
lobes of the male longer than broad; cerci of the
male styliform, conical . . . 2. . 2. 2 ee

219

CrPHaLorettix, Scudder.

Ruaspotettix, Scudder.

Cyctocercus, Scudder.

Sinatoa, Scudder.

CaLorettTix, Bruner.

AGrRecortettix, Bruner.

Paraipemona, Brunner.

2 FF 2

220

159 (142).

160 (161).

161 (160).

162 (129).

163 (166).

164 (165),

165 (164).

166 (163).

167 (176).

168 (178).

169 (172).

ORTHOPTERA.

Tegmina fully developed or abbreviate, never much,
if any, shorter than the pronotum; hind margin of
the pronotum distinctly angulate; fore and middle
femora scarcely more gibbous in the male than in the
female (except in some species of Campylacantha).

Tegmina fully developed, disk of the pronotum almost
flat, the lateral lobes nearly at right angles to it, the
posterior margin rectangulate or subrectangulate ;
prosternal spine quadrate, appressed, broadly truncate.

Tegmina abbreviated ; disk of the pronotum tectiform,
the posterior margin obtusangulate; prosternal spine
more or less conical and acuminate. Furcula of
male reduced to slight, scarcely projecting lobes ;
surface of body rather densely pilose; prosternal
spine more or less retrorse re

Lateral margins of the last ventral segment of the male
abdomen suddenly ampliate to a considerable degree
at the base; or if not to a considerable degree, then
the entire margin is rather strongly convex or
sinuate.

Last ventral segment of the male abdomen furnished
with a distinct subapical tubercle, but not otherwise
tumescent.

Body relatively slender and compressed, not much elon-
gated at the metathorax, particularly in the male;
hind femora long and slender; the apical tubercle
of the male abdomen prominent; prevailing colour of
Imsect green . 2. . 1 ew we ee .

Body relatively short and stout, considerably enlarged
at the metathorax, even in the male; hind femora
relatively short and robust; the apical tubercle of
male abdomen not prominent; prevailing colours
of insect testaceous and olive . . . 2. 2. 1 6

Last ventral segment of the male abdomen without a
distinct subapical tubercle, but often apically pro-
longed or tumescent. »

Tegmina always present; sides of the first abdominal
segment furnished with a distinct tympanum.

Inferior genicular lobe of the hind femora with at least
a darker basal spot or transverse band; cerci of the
male variable, often enlarging apically.

Dorsum of the pronotum rarely or never twice as long
as the average breadth, generally only: half as long
again, even in the male, usually constricted more or

Arpemona, Brunner.

CaMPYLACANTHA, Scudder.

HesPerotertix, Scudder.

JKoLoptus, Scudder.

170 (171).

171 (170).

172 (169).

173 (168).

174 (175).

175 (174).

176 (167).
177 (128).
178 (185).
179 (182).

180 (181).

ACRIDIIN A.

less in the middle; antennz, even when longest, no
longer than the hind femora.

Head not large in proportion to the pronotum, nor
prominent, but little longer than the prozona, unless
the latter is distinctly transverse; pronotum in no
way subsellate, nor produced in front; tegmina, when
fully developed, narrow; cerci of the male very
variable in shape Loe ee .

Head large in proportion to the pronotum, especially
above, and prominent, nearly half as long again as the
long prozona; pronotum faintly subsellate, feebly
produced in front to receive the head; tegmina, when
fully developed, broad and subequal, hardly tapering
in the distal half; cerci of the male styliform, the
last ventral segment very narrow, the margin not
apically elevated

Dorsum of the pronotum twice as long as its average
breadth, at least in the male, with no median con-
striction; antennz, at least in the male, generally
longer than the hind femora and much more than
twice as long as the pronotum, generally twice as
long as the head and pronotum together; prozona
only about one-third longer than the metazona

Inferior genicular lobe of the hind femora wholly pallid,
with no dark basal spot or transverse band; cerci of
male conical, subconical, or basally bullate, always
apically pointed.

Last ventral segment of the male abdomen terminating
in a pronounced tubercle; prosternal spine slender ;
tegmina and wings complete woe

Last ventral segment of the male abdomen, even when
apically angulate, not furnished with an apical
tubercle; prosternal spine stout; dorsal disk of
prozona tumid, independently of the metazona ;
tegmina fully developed or abbreviated . . . .

Tegmina wanting; the sides of first abdominal segment
not provided with a tympanum . woe eee

Posterior tibie armed on the external edge often with
six or seven spines, never with more than eight.

Frontal costa straight, between the antenne very little
or not at all produced.

Frontal costa percurrent. Eyes narrow, fully twice as
long as broad. Tegmina variable.

Tegmina and wings complete. Hind femora with the

MEtanopuvs, Stal.

Pu@TaioTes, Scudder.

Paroxya, Scudder.

PaciLotetTtix, Scudder.

(EpaLEonotvus, Scudder.

PuILocLEon, Scudder.

221

181 (180).

182 (179).
183 (184).
184 (183).

185 (178).

186 (187).
187 (186).
188 (189).
189 (188).
190 (198).

191 (192).

192 (191).

193 (190).

ORTHOPTERA.

Frontal costa plane above

Hind tibie

Tegmina abbreviate, lateral. Hind femora with the
dorsal carinz tuberculate or toothed. Frontal costa
sulcate throughout, of about equal width. Hind tibie
eight-spined externally . . 2. 2. 2. . - es

Frontal costa obliterated towards the clypeus. Tegmina
lobiform. Eyes broader.

Pronotum with the transverse sulci faint or obsolete;
the body glabrous . . . . ....

Pronotum with the transverse sulci strongly impressed ;

dorsal carine smooth.
the ocellus, narrowed below and sulcate.
seven-spined externally .

the body not glabrous. . . . . . . .

Frontal costa plainly produced between the antenne.
Body apterous or the tegmina alone present, lobi-
form, lateral.

Posterior femora with the lower margin sinuate before
the genicular lobes. Tegmina lobiform . - oe

Posterior femora with the lower margin straight.
Tegmina absent, linear, squamiform, or spatulate.

Pronotum cylindrical . . . . 1. Lee

Pronotum more or less tectate or cristate. Fastigium
depressed.

Median carina of the pronotum not greatly elevated,
only slightly lobate. Body not robust, the tegmina
present.

Male cerci furcate; tegmina squamiform, very minute,
not attaining the hind margin of the mesothorax ;
antenne long and slender. . . ... . .

Fastigium horizontal; the male cerci acuminate; teg-

mina broadly spatulate, reaching the hind margin of

the first abdominal segment; antenne short and
fairly heavy . . . . see . oe

Median carina of the pronotum strongly serrato-lobate.

Body robust, apterous. . . . 2. 1. 1 2 ee

Osmi.i4, Stal.

Tanopuaus, Bruner.

Perixervus, Gerstaecker.

DactyLorum, Charpentier.

AGESANDER, Stal.

Ruytipocurota, Stal.

RHACHICREAGRA, Rehn.

Microty.Lorreryx, Rehn.

[Potysarcus, Saussure.* ]

* The genera Pedies and Pospedetes of Saussure are so poorly characterized that it has been impossible to
locate them in this synoptic table. They probably belong in the neighbourhood of Dactylotum, but this is
only conjecture on the part of the present writer. Walker's Calacris has also been excluded from the table

for the same reason. It is perhaps related to, or even identical with, Proctolabus, Saussure. The species,
however, seems to be distinct from P. meaicanus, Sauss., and the others that are described on a succeeding
page of the present work. It has also been found necessary to place Saussure’s genus Pegasidion among the
doubtful ones, and include it here on account of the clause “prosternum cornu cylindrico armatum,” contained
in the description of the genus. None of the genera and species here referred to have been recognized among

the material studied for this enumeration.

PROCOLPIA.—MUNATIA.

bo
LO
ee)

PROCOLPIA, Stal.
Xiphocera, Latreille, in part.
Xiphicera, Serville, Ann. Sci, Nat. xxii. p. 271 (1831) ; Hist. Orthopt. p. 611 (1839) (in part.).
Procolpia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 28, 45 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. p. 15 (1878) ; Pict. et Sauss.
Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 10 (1887).
This genus seems to be represented throughout a large portion of Tropical America
by a single species, which has been described at least twice.

1. Procolpia emarginata, Serville. (Munatia inelarata, Tab. III. figg. 1,
la, 3.)
Xiphicera emarginata, Serv. Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii. p. 271 (1831)*; Rev. Méthod. Orthopt. p. 80
(1831) ?; Hist. Orthopt. p. 612 (1839) *.
Xiphocera emarginata, Burm. Handb. Ent. i. p. 614 (1839) *.
Procolpia emarginata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 45 (1873) °; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 10
(1887) °.
Xiphocera inclarata, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 523 (1870) *.
Munatia inclarata, Bruner, MSS.
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann, L. Bruner), Orizaba’; Costa Rica,
Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker).—Tropicat Sours America !~°,

An examination and comparison of specimens from various localities indicate that
they all belong to a single species that varies somewhat in colour and size. Both
sexes are represented in the material studied. The sexual difference in size is very
marked, the female being fully twice as large as the male.

MUNATIA, Stal.
Munatia, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. i. p. 28 (1875) ; Syst. Acrid. p. 15 (1878).

Like the preceding, the present genus belongs strictly to the tropics of America,
where it is represented by two or more species. Only one of them seems to reach the
region under investigation.

1. Munatia punctata, Stal.

Munatia punctata, Stal, Bih. till K. Svens. Vet.-Akad. Handl. iii. no. 14, p. 28 (1875)’; Pict. et
Sauss. Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, vii. p. 340 (1887)*; Cat. Acrid. 1. p. 10 (1887) *; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1905, p. 405, figs. 4, 5 *.

Hab. Costa Rica 4 (Biolley), Juan Vittas (L. Bruner: 2); Panama!—3,
The above references without doubt all belong to a single species. Two other

forms (or a very variable single species) of the genus occur in Paraguay and Southern
Brazil. ‘These insects are to be found among the vines and other herbage that unite

224 ORTHOPTERA.

in making the almost impenetrable jungles at the borders of forests. It is possible
that they also occur among the fallen leaves within the shadows of the forests
themselves.

JEOLACRIS, Scudder.
Xiphicera, Auct., in part.
AHolacris, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 269, footnote (1874) ; Pict. et Sauss. Cat.
Acrid. i. p. 10 (1887) ; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 41 (1898).

While no specimens of the genus olacris have come to light among the material
studied for this work, it is quite certain that it occurs upon the Isthmus of Panama
and possibly even in Costa Rica. Pictet and Saussure give both Ecuador and Colombia
as habitats for members of the genus. The species probably are :—

1. Molacris octomaculata, Scudder.
Xiphicera octomaculata, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 837 (1869) *.
fKolacris octomaculata, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 269 (1875) ?; Pict. et Sauss.
Cat. Acrid. p. 13 (1887) *°; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) *.

Hab. Soutn America, Ecuador ! 24, Peru °.

Giglio-Tos‘ intimates that this insect is an Elwochlora and possibly the same as
E. octolunata, Serville.

2. Aolacris caternaulti, Feisth.
Xiphicera caternaulti, Feisth. in Guérin’s Mag. Zool. 1837, t. 184°.
Holacris caternaultii, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 13 (1887) ’.
Xiphicera octolunata, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 615 (¢) (1839) °.
Xtphicera tricristata, Serv. loc. cit. p. 613 (¢) *.

Hab. Sourn America, Colombia ?~4, Cayenne}.

PRIONOLOPHA, Stal.
Prionolopha, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 27 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. p. 14 (1878) ; Pict. et Sauss,
Cat. Acrid. i. p. 5 (1887).

This genus is represented in the Lesser Antilles and in the northern portion of
South America, and almost certainly extends to Panama. While only one or two
species are recognized, there is much variation among the specimens from different
localities. When carefully collected and studied there will no doubt be additional
forms of the genus to record. JP. serrata is more or less arboreal in its habits, and is
not uncommon in Colombia.

1. Prionolopha serrata, Linn.
Grylius (Bulla) serratus, Linn. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. p. 427 (1758) ’.
Acridium serratum, DeG. Mém. Ins. iii. p. 493, t. 41. fig. 6 (1773) *.

PRIONOLOPHA.—TROPINOTUS. 228

Pamphagus serratus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 260 (1815) °*.
AXiphocera serrata, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 614 (1838) *.

Tropinotus serratus, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 618 (1839) °.

Acrydium serrato-fasciatum, DeG. Mém. Ins. iii. p. 495, t. 42. fig. 2 (1778) °.
Pamphagus lateralis, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 260 (1815) ’.
Prionolopha serrata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 44 (1873) °.

Hab. Tropicay Sour Amertca!®; Trinmap (Tryhane, Chipman).

TROPINOTUS, Serville.

Tropinotus, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 617 (1889); Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 645 1906).
Tropidonotus, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 14 (1877).

This is another characteristic South-American genus that is represented north of the
Isthmus of Panama. At least fifteen or sixteen species are already known to science,
and additional forms no doubt occur in the vast unexplored forests of Brazil and other
tropical portions of the country lying to the east of the Andes. Two species only are
known to me from within our region.

1. Tropinotus rosulentus, Stal.
Trapidonotus rosulentus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svens. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 19 (1878) ’.
Tropidonotus rosulentus, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 5 (1887)*; Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist.
Univ. Iowa, iii. p. 64, t. 3. fig. 5 (1895) *.
Tropinotus rosulentus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 645 (1906) *.

Hab. NicaRacua (Rev. T. Heyde 3); Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (C.F. Underwood &
M. A. Carriker).—Co.omsia !°.

2. Tropinotus mexicanus, Bruner. (Tab. III. fig. 2, 2.)
Tropinotus mexicanus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 645 (1906) *.

This species belongs to the group in which the pronotal crest is more or less strongly crenulate, and is
related to both J. discoideus, Serv., and 7. angulatus, Stal. From 7. discoideus it differs in the much
shorter and more robust hind femora, and the broader pronotum, in which the different sections of the
crest are attingent or approximate, instead of distinctly separated; and from 7’. angulatus by the broader
and shorter wings, and the higher and more strongly arched pronotal crest, as well as in the greater
disparity between the sizes of the sexes.

General colour varying from a pale testaceo-cinereous tinged with green to a dark brownish-lavender, the
dusky transverse bars of the tegmina in some specimens very prominent and in others represented only
in oatline; the scattered tubercles of the pronotum always black or black-tipped.

Length of body, ¢ 30-32, 9 47-50; of pronotum, ¢ 12, 2 183 of tegmina, ¢ 25, 9 36; of hind femora,
3 19, 2 27 millim.,

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde1), Temax and other locaiities in Yucatan
(Gaumer '). |
This locust appears to be the most northerly distributed species of Tropinotus, and is
likewise the most robust in form. The described members of the genus are tabulated
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1907. 2 Ge

226

ORTHOPTERA.

in vol. xxx. of the ‘ Proceedings of the United States National Museum,’ on pages
645 and 646.

DRACOTETTIX, Bruner.
Dracotettix, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 49 (1889).

The present genus inhabits the upper austral region of the South-western United
States, where several species are represented, and certainly extends into Northern
Mexico. The three known forms may be separated by the subjoined table.
D. monstrosus may be considered the type of the genus.

Synopsis of the Species of Dracotettix.

A‘. Median carina of the pronotum very prominent and strongly arched
both in front and behind the principal sulcus. Fastigium bluntly
longitudinally carinate.
b'. Anterior lobe of the pronotum strongly arched and deeply trilobed;
the transverse groove of the face deeply impressed so as to com-
pletely sever the carine of the frontal costa. . . . . . « 1. monstrosus, Bruner.
b?. Anterior lobe of the pronotum less prominent and less strongly
arched, only gently trilobed; the transverse sulcus of the face
not, or but slightly, impressed, not severing the carinz of the
frontal costa. 2. 2. 6... ee eee eee we ee R Californicus, Sp. 0.
A®. Median carina of the pronotum much less prominent and only gently
arched in front of and behind the principal sulcus. Fastigium of
the vertex strongly longitudinally carinate. . . . . . . . . (8. plutonius, Bruner.]

1. Dracotettix monstrosus, Bruner. (Draconotus monstrosus, Tab. IIL. figg. 3,
3a, 3d; 4, 2.)
Dracotettix monstrosus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xii. p. 50, t. 1. fig. 1 (1889) °.
Draconotus monstrosus, Bruner, MSS.

Hab. Nortu America, Los Angeles, California (D. W. Coquilleté 1).

While no specimens of this insect are at hand from Mexican territory, it is not
unreasonable to expect it to extend further southward.

2. Dracotettix californicus, sp. n.

Similar to D. monstrosus in general appearance, but somewhat smaller and shorter winged. As compared
with that species, the median carina of the pronotum is lower and less strongly arched, and the lobes of
the anterior portion much smaller; the transverse groove of the face is shallower, so that the frontal
costa is not severed by it and in some cases not even lowered at the point of crossing. The hind tibie
of the present species are without the blood-red colour on the inner face, which is common to both
D. monstrosus and D. plutonius.

Length of body, 2, 36; of pronotum 11, of tegmina 9, of hind femora 14 millim.

Hab. Nortu America, Santa Cruz Mts., Gilroy, and Napa, California (coll. L. Bruner),
Southern Arizona (G. W. Dunn, in coll. L. Bruner).

The two specimens from Arizona, both of which are discoloured by immersion in

DRACOTETTIX.—COLPOLOPHA. 22.7

alcohol, differ from the three others from California in the absence of the transverse
depression in the frontal costa described in connection with D. monstrosus. It is
barely possible that they represent a fourth species of the genus. They also show
some other slight modifications from the characters ascribed to both the present species

and to D. monstrosus. As D. californicus occurs in the country adjacent to the
Mexican frontier, it is included here.

[3. Dracotettix plutonius, Bruner. (Draconotus plutonius, Tab. III. figg. 5,
oa, 3.)
Dracotettix plutonius, Bruner, N. Am. Fauna, vii. pp. 267, 268 (1893)'; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt..
U.S. p. 45 (1900) *.

Hab. Norta America, Death Valley and Panamint Valley, California (A. Koebele1).

This is the smallest of the three species, and, on account of its restriction to regions
of peculiar characteristics, may not reach south of the Mexican. border.

COLPOLOPHA, Stal.

Colpolopha, Stal, Orthopt. Nov. (Ofv. Vet.-Ak. Férh. 1873, no. 4) p. 52; Recens. Orthopt. i.
pp. 28, 45 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. 1. p. 14 (1878); Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 8 (1887).

This is still another tropical South-American genus representatives of which enter
our region. It contains at least half a dozen recognized species, three of which have
been taken in Central America. ‘These, with an additional one, are separable by the
following table. All of them are dull-coloured (of various shades of brown or dead
leaf-colour), and they may be found among the fallen leaves in and about the edges of
tropical forests, from near sea-level to a considerable altitude above the sea. They

enjoy a rather wide distribution, some of them occurring from Paraguay and Peru to
Guatemala.

Synopsis of the Species of Colpolopha.
A’. Sulcus of the frontal costa not attaining the vertex. Tegminaand wings
slightly shorter than the abdomen, the former with the apex obliquely
excised. Lateral carinz of pronotum strongly dentate. . . . . . I. latipennis, Stal.
A’. Sulcus of the frontal costa continued to the apex of the fastigium.
Tegmina and wings variable, complete or abbreviate, the apex of the
former excised or acuminate. Lateral carine of pronotum bluntly
toothed, crenulate or smooth.
b'. Rostrum of the vertex angulate. Crest straight, but little or not at
all elevated behind. Tegmina and wings conspicuously surpassing
the apex of both the abdomen and hind femora, their apex sinuately
truncate.
c'. Wings at base pale blue, smoky hyaline beyond . . . . . . . 2. obsoleta, Serville.
c’, Wings at base pale yellowish, the radial area and posterior margin
infuscated . 2. - 6 1 1 ew ew ~ - . . 8&8. sinuata, Stal.

2 Ge 2

228 ORTHOPTERA.

&*. Rostrum or fastigium of the vertex in front, rounded. Crest of the
pronotum elevated posteriorly. Tegmina about as long as, or a little
shorter than, the abdomen, their apex acuminate. Wings with the
discred. . 2 2 2 0 ew we ew ew ww ew ee ww we 4 bruneri, Rebn.

1. Colpolopha latipennis, Sta? (C. sinuata, Tab. II. figg. 25, 25a, 2 .)
Colpolopha latipennis, Stal, Bih. till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 19 (1887) ’.

Hab. Centrau America (Rev. 7. Heyde, in coll. L. Bruner)—Sovutn AMERIcA, Peru’.

The insect doubtfully referred to as C. latipennis, Stal, was first determined as
C. sinuata, which has the frontal costa sulcate to the fastigium, but a more careful
study has decided me to place it here instead. ‘The single specimen seen, a female,
was given to me by Mr. Heyde.

2. Colpolopha obsoleta, Serville.
Tropinotus obsoletus, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 620 (1839) °.
Colpolopha obsoleta, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 8 (1887) ’.

Hab. Sourn America, Colombia and British Guiana (coll. Z. Bruner), Peru ?.

Probably extends to the Isthmus of Panama.

8. Colpolopha sinuata, Stal.
Colpolopha sinuata, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh. no. 30, 4, p.58 (1873)'; Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 45
(1878) *; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 8 (1887) °.

Hab. Cotompia, Remedios1?; Prru 3.

While no specimens of this species are at hand from our region, there is scarcely
any doubt but that it will be found as far north as Costa Rica, if not in Nicaragua as
well. In fact, while collecting in the former country several years ago, a locust was
seen but not taken by the writer that was referred to C. sinuata.

4. Colpolopha bruneri, Rehn.
Colpolopha bruneri, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 406-408 *.

Hab. Costa Rica (Biolley), Monte Redondo (L. Bruner 1).

One male and two females of this species were captured by the present writer in
Costa Rica, in the month of February, and various others have been found by
Prof. Biolley. It is variable both in size and colour, as well as in some minor
structural characters. Specimens are at hand that exceed Rehn’s measurements by at
least 5 millimetres, while others lack nearly as many in being as large as his types.
The pointed or acuminate tegmina and vermilion wings are sufficient characters to
separate C. bruneri from all other described forms.

DRACONATA.—CIBOTOPTERYX. 229

DRACONATA, Pictet et Saussure.
Draconata, Pict. et Sauss. Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, vii. p. 341 (1887).

According to Pictet and Saussure this genus occurs sufficiently close to the Isthmus
of Panama to permit of its being included, at least provisionally, in the Central-
American fauna. Only a single species is known.

1. Draconata mancus, Pictet et Saussure.
Draconata mancus, Pict. et Sauss. Bull. Soc. Ent. Suisse, vil. p. 342 (1887)'; Cat. Acrid. i. p. 12
(1887) 2.
Hab. Cotomaia ! ?,
Unknown to me.

CIBOTOPTERYX, Rehn.
Cibotopteryx, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 408.

Cibotopteryz is an interesting Tropical-American genus related to E/wochlora, and in
which the male and female individuals differ greatly in size. Buta single species is
known and is referred to below.

1. Cibotopteryx variegata, Rehn. (Eleochlora juvenalis, Tab. Il. figg. 23, ¢ ;
24, 24 a,3.)
Cibotopteryx variegata, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 408-410, figg. 8, 9*.
Elzochlora juvenalis, Bruner, MSS.

Hab. Costa Rica, Guaitil 1; Cenrran America (Rev. T. Heyde, in coll. LI. Bruner:
oo).

The specimens (two males and five females) in the collection of the present writer
are marked simply “‘ Central America.” They may have been taken in Costa Rica or
Nicaragua, since the Rev. Mr. Heyde travelled in various parts of Central America and
collected wherever he went. Since only the male has been described, the accompanying
short diagnosis of the female is added :—

Q. Extremely robust, the extreme width being nearly one-half as great as the length. Tegmina abbreviated,
shorter than the abdomen and provided with three prominent longitudinal veins, as shown in fig. 23 of
the Plate; wings minute. Pronotum large, broad, furnished upon the disk with a number of prominent,
round, polished tubercles; the lateral carinz conspicuous, composed of a series of rounded teeth or
tubercles which are largest on the anterior lobe; the median carina very broad and strongly elevated,
the anterior portion strongly trilobed, the distinct lobes widely separated, the posterior portion a little
less elevated, straight. Hind femora longer than the abdomen, only moderately heavy; hind tibie as
long as the femora, coarse and provided with conspicuously elongated spines on the inner margin, those
on the outer margin of ordinary size.

The colour of the female in general is similar to that of the male, but duller and less contrasted. The carinz
of the pronotum lack the black, and the hind tibiee are sometimes dull brownish-olive with only a tinge
of red, while in other specimens they are dull wine-red.

Length of body 42, of antenne 20, of pronotum 20; greatest width of pronotum 14; length of tegmina 18,
width 11; length of hind femora 23°5 millim.

230 ORTHOPTERA.

ELZOCHLORA, Stal.
Eleochlora, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Férh. 1878, no. 4, p. 52; Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 28, 45 (1873);
Syst. Acrid. i. p. 16 (1878); Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 13 (1887).

This genus contains a number of large showy locusts that are distributed throughout
South America, from the northern parts of the United States of Colombia to the
Colorado River of Argentina. While no records or material at hand indicate its
occurrence within our region, it is quite likely that at least two species in their
distribution reach northward beyond the Isthmus. They are the following :—

1. Eleochlora granulosa, Stal.
Eleochlora granulosa, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. i. p. 28 (1875)*; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 15
(1887) *.

Hab. Cotomsia, Bogota 12.

2. Elzochlora longispina, Pictet et Saussure.
Eleochlora longispina, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. pp. 15, 16 (1887) ’.

Hab. CoLOMBIAN ANDES}.

DICTYOPHORUS, Thunberg.
Dictyophorus, Thunberg, Mém. Acad. Pétersb. v. p. 217 (1815); Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 82,
50 (1878) ; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 17 (1878).
Romalea, Serville (in part.), Ann. Sci. Nat. xxi. p. 280 (1831); Hist. Orthopt. p. 621 (1839).
Rhomalea, Burmeister (in part.), Handb. Ent. ii. p. 619 (1838).

While no definite records or specimens are at hand to warrant the inclusion of
Dictyophorus among Mexican Acridiens, the occurrence of two forms throughout all
the States of the Union bordering on the Gulf of Mexico seems sufficient reason for
placing it among the genera to be looked for in Mexico.

1. Dictyophorus marci, Serville.
Romalea marci, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 623 (1839)*; Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 180 (1873) ”.
Dictyophorus marci, Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 58 (1883) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern United States 1-3.

This insect is somewhat smaller and much darker coloured than the next species,
and is also much rarer.

2. Dictyophorus micropterus, Palisot de Beauvois.
Acridium micropterum, Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amér. p. 146, t. 4. fig. 4 (1803) *.
Romalea microptera, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 622 (3 2) (1839) *.
Rhomalea microptera, Charp. Orthopt. Depict. et Descript. t. 49 (2 g) (1845) *.

DICTYOPHORUS.—TENIOPODA. 231

Gryllus guttatus, Stoll, Sauterelles, t. 10 5. fig. 34 (2) (1787) *.
Rhomalea gigantea, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 619 (1838) °*.

Romalea centurio, Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 179 (ex synon.) °.
Rhomalea centurio, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 620 (2, not ¢) (1838) ”.

Hab. Nortu America, Southern United States 1-7.

There are specimens in the collection of the writer coming from Florida and Texas,
and there is but little doubt that the distribution includes Northern Mexico as well.

LITOSCIRTUS, gen. nov.

Related to both Dictyophorus and Tentopoda in some of its characters, but differing from them in others, as
will be seen by a reference to the synopsis of the genera (anted, pp. 209-222).

Pronotum provided with distinct lateral carine throughout; the median carina prominent, subcristate,
slightly arcuate both in front and behind the principal sulcus, on the anterior portion gently trilobed ;
the disk rugosely wrinkled. Antenne short, coarsely filiform, gently clavate. Head a little narrower
than the front edge of the pronotum, the vertex about as wide as the shortest diameter of one of the
eyes in the male, in the female a little wider, the fastigium only gently depressed, rather profoundly

_sulcate and furnished with a median longitudinal carina which enters it from behind, not quite complete
in the male; frontal costa reaching the clypeus, fairly prominent, contracted at the sides just below the
ocellus, deeply sulcate in the vicinity of the latter. Tegmina and wings complete, the former coriaceous,
rather closely veined, of moderate width, the apex rounded and extending beyond the tip of the abdomen
in both sexes, the wings about twice as long as broad, the area of dilation and parallel veins inconspicuous.
Hind femora robust, about reaching ( @ ) or slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen ( ¢ ), their superior
carina distinctly serrate; hind tibiz nine-spined externally, eight-spined internally, those on the inside
slightly largest. ‘

1. Litoscirtus insularis, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 6, 6a, 2.)

General colour brownish-testaceous, more or less plainly marked with piceous on the pronotal carina.
Tegmina irregularly marked with dark brown flecks and blotches, especially on the costal margin and in
the discal area of the basal half; wings yellowish hyaline, with the veins and veinlets of the apical
portion and costal area dark brown, the apical portion slightly infuscated. Hind femora dimly bifasciate
with fuscous across the upper edge and outer face, internally on the basal half and the lower sulcus
black. Tibia brownish-testaceous, the spines black-tipped.

Length of body, ¢ 25, 9 38; of pronotum, d 9, 9 11; of tegmina, ¢ 25, 2 32; of hind femora, ¢ 14,
@ 18; of antenne, ¢ 8, 9 9 millim.

Hab. Lower Carirornia, Cerros I. (coll. U.S. Nat. Museum: 3, 2, and nymph).—

CentraL America (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences: ¢ ).

All of the specimens examined seem to have been preserved in alcohol and afterwards
pinned, and accordingly have lost their colours or have them somewhat modified.

TANIOPODA, Stal.
Teniopoda, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 32, 50 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 17 (1873) ; Pict. et Sauss.
Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 17 (1887) ; Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1901, pp. 264-270.
Rhomalea, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 619 (1838) (in part.).
The genus Teniopoda, with T. superba as type, is a much larger one than has here-
tofore been generally conceded. The material at hand indicates upwards of a dozen

232 ORTHOPTERA.

species, but no doubt a little careful collecting in various parts of Mexico and Central
America will add considerably to the number. These large, highly-coloured locusts
occur in suitable localities from Southern Costa Rica to Southern Texas, New Mexico,
and Arizona. No single species seems to be very widely distributed, but each locality
has its characteristic form. The following table, which is based in part on that
of Bolivar, will give the reader a general idea of the various forms and their
relationships :—

Table for separating the Species of Teniopoda.

A‘. Median carina of the pronotum comparatively low, especially on the
posterior lobe, where it is nearly straight and not strongly arcuate
as in the alternative category.
b. General colour black, deep green, or fuscous, the head and pronotum
bordered with, and the carinez, yellowish or reddish.
c'. Tegmina and wings with a narrow apical pale border . . . . I. durmeisteri, Bol.
c’. Tegmina and wings without the narrow apical pale border . . 2. picticornis, Walk,
&?. General colour brown or testaceous, with or without the ferruginous
or testaceous line on the head and pronotum.
c', Form rather slender or only moderately robust, even in the
females. Colour largely testaceous.
d’. Median carina of the anterior lobe of the pronotum arcuate ;
antenne, except the two basal and several apical joints (which
are black), red, very narrowly annulate with black. Frontal
carine concolorous or pale . . . » 1 « « . « . 98, stali, Bruner,
d’. Median carina of the anterior lobe of the pronotum straight ;
antennze lemon-yellow, the two basal joints inclusive (the
apical ones are missing in both specimens at nen). Carine
of the pronotum shiny black . . . . . . . . 4. cttricornis, sp. n.
. Form, of female at least, very robust (the male is not known).
General colour “ burnt-sienna.” Median carina and posterior
margin of the pronotum ferruginous, the former bordered with
black 2. 2. 2. 1 1 ew eee woe e « « «5. tamaulipensis, Rehn.
A®, Median carina of the pronotum very high, quite strongly arcuate on
both lobes.
b'. Crest of pronotum and lateral carine adorned with black lines.
The crest of the hind lobe usually higher than that of the front
lobe.
c'. The crest of the pronotum usually marked with a narrow pale
median line.
@. Tegmina with the veins chiefly pale. Hind femora nearly or
quite as long as the abdomen in the female.
e’. Size very large (2 62 mm. or more in length); the sexes
conspicuously unequal, Tegmina of the females as long as,

TANIOPODA.

or a little longer than, those of the male, always decidedly
longer than the abdomen. .

f*. Tegmina largely yellow, the apex margined with black.
Crest of the anterior lobe of the pronotum margined
with black, the lateral carinz not infuscated. [Honduras. }

f*®. Tegmina dull black with brownish-testaceous veins.
The crest of the pronotum black throughout, save at
the front end, where the pale median line shows to a
limited extent. Lateral carine generally blackened.
[Costa Rica and Nicaragua. |

e*, Size smaller ( 2 , length 45 mm. or less), the sexes more nearly
equal in stature. Tegmina of the female often shorter than

the abdomen, those of the male not, or but little, surpassing

its apex . a a
d°, Tegmina with the veins, at least in part, infuseated, as well as
the background. Hind femora scarcely reaching the apex of

the abdomen, even in the males. Form unusually robust.

Disk of the pronotum on the hind lobe much flattened and

terminating in a right angle or only gently acute .

c’, Crest of the pronotum totally black.

d'. Tegmina together with their veins mostly black or brown.
Anterior lobe of the pronotum with the crest a little lower
than that on the hind lobe, the latter decidedly acuminate.
Abdomen mostly black. . . . . an

_ ad’, Tegmina flavous or ochraceous mottled with black. "Abdomen
largely ochraceous se ee . .

&*. Crest of the pronotum and lateral carine concolorous, unadorned

with black.
c'. Hind margin of the pronotum rather obtuse, nearly a right angle,
the lateral margins straight . . . . . -

c’, Hind margin of the pronotum decidedly acute-angled, the lateral
margins arcuate.
d'. Body of the usual form, not excessively deep at meso- and
metathorax. Hind femora slender. [Costa Rica] . . .
d’. Body very high at meso- and metathorax. Hind femora
robust. [Vera Cruz, Mexico.] .........

1. Teniopoda burmeisteri, Bolivar.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

. superba, Stal.

. Maxima, sp. 1.

. gutturosa, Bol.

. obscura, sp. n.

bicristata, sp. n.

centurio, Drury.

33

aurtcornis, Walk.

varipennis, Rehn.

pulchella, Bol.

Teniopoda burmeisieri, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1901, pp. 265, 266".

Hab. Mexico 1.

I have not recognized 7. burmeisteri, but, judging from Bolivar’s description, it
must be a distinct species, approaching 7’. picticornis, Walk., which has. priority over

the insect described by Stal under the same name.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1907.

2 Hu

234 ORTHOPTERA.

2. Teeniopoda picticornis, Walker. (Tab. II. fig. 17, 3.)
Rhomalea picticornis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 538 (1870)'; Thomas, Acrid. N.
Am. p. 240 (1873)?.
Teniopoda picticornis, Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 795 (19038) *.
Hab. Norta America, Texas’, Southern Arizona (ZL. Bruner).—MExico, at various
localities in Northern and Central Mexico (Townsend, Ward, Rehn, &c.), Villa Lerdo
in Durango (L. Bruner), Mesquitic in Jalisco (U.S. Biol. Survey), Jalisco (Schumann).

This seems to be the most widely distributed species of the genus, as it occurs from
Texas and Arizona to Morelos in Southern Mexico, and is fairly abundant wherever
found. It is an insect of the tablelands and drier mountain-regions, rather than of
the low, wet, and heavily-timbered portions of Mexico. Specimens were found in
November at Villa Lerdo and at Mesquitic in August.

8. Teniopoda stali, nom.n. (Tab. II. fig. 18, ¢ .)
Teniopoda picticornis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 51 (1873)*; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 17
(1887) *; Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1901, pp. 265, 267°; Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc. xxviil. p. 97 (1900) *.
Hab. Mrxico!~4, Amula in Guerrero, 6000 feet (H. H. Smith), Guerrero (0. W.
Barrett), Verritory of Tepic (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).

T. stali, especially in the female, is more graceful in form than the same sex of
L. picticornis, Walk., and is also more restricted in its distribution. Some specimens
have the apical portion of the tegmina infuscated. Those with the infuscation of the
tegmina come from Tepic.

4. Teniopoda citricornis, sp. n. (7. centurio, Tab. IT. figg. 19, 194, 3.)
Teniopoda centurio, Bruner, MSS. (nec Drury).

This insect is of the same general form and colour as 7’. stéli, but it can at once be recognized from that species
by its bright lemon-yellow antenne (the apices of the joints of which are not black), and by its lower,
nearly straight, median carina of the pronotum, which is shiny black throughout, as are also the prominent
lateral carine. The anterior and posterior extremities of the disk of the pronotum of 7’. citricornis are
a trifle blunter than in the species to which it has just been compared. Its hind femora are without the
black genze and upper and lower edges of these members as usually found in 7. stéli.

Length of body, 3,41; of pronotum 12, of tegmina 37, of hind femora 21 millim.

Hab. Muxico, Venta de Peregrino in Guerrero (H. H. Smith).

5. Teniopoda tamaulipensis, Rehn. |
Teniopoda tamaulipensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, pp. 531, 5327.

Hab. Mexico, Altamira in Tamaulipas |.

Unknown to me, but apparently distinct from all the other forms tabulated in the
preceding synoptic table.

bo
(sh)
ON

TANIOPODA.

6. Teniopoda superba, Stal.
Monachidium superbum, Stal, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh. 1855, p. 852".
Teniopoda superba, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 50 (1873)? ; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 17
(1887) °; Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 12 (1902) * (in part.).
Hab. British Honpuras!-8, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaux) ; GuatemaLa, Panzos in
Vera Paz (Champion).

Specimens from Costa Rica differ from the Honduras and Guatemalan form in the
points given in the table for separating 7. superba and 7. maxima.

7. Teniopoda maxima, sp. n.

About the same size as, or even a trifle larger than, 7’. superba, but differing from that species in the narrower
and shorter tegmina, which are dull black, with brownish-testaceous nervures, instead of largely yellowish
mottled with black and with the apex also black. The wings of 7. maxima are also much smaller, and
have the black and red portions more in contrast than in T. superba. The legs and abdomen of T. maxima
are also much darker-coloured than in the more northern form.

Length of body, ¢ 44, 2 683 of pronotum, ¢ 18, 2 26; of tegmina, ¢ 9, 44; greatest width of
tegmina, ¢ 2, 14; length of hind femora, ¢ 25, 2 30 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Limon (4. A. Carriker: ¢ 2).

The specimens in the series before me are similar in size, wing-length, and colour,
and illustrate local variation, at least, if not specific distinction.

8. Teniopoda gutturosa, Bolivar.
Teniopoda gutturosa, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1901, pp. 265, 268°.

Hab. GuatemMaa, San Gerdénimo (Champion), Escuintla 1.

The collection before me contains several specimens of both sexes that seem to
belong here. They vary somewhat in wing-length, as well as in the amount of dusky
mottling on the tegmina, which is produced by some of the interspaces between the
nervures being slightly infuscated. The head is varied more or less strongly on the
occiput and facial carina with orange. There are also other examples at hand marked
simply “Guatemala ” (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.) that indicate a well-marked variety, if not
a good species. Their measurement is much greater, while their colour is largely
ferruginous, orange, and crimson about the head and thorax. In structure, however,
they do not greatly differ from Bolivar’s description. They measure as follows :—
Length of body, 2, 47; of pronotum 17°5, of tegmina 31, of hind femora 25 millim.
The name 7. aurantia, Bruner, can be used for them, if they prove to be distinct.

9. Teeniopoda obscura, sp. n. (Tab. II. figg. 21, 214, 2.)

A large, robust species, the prevailing colour of which is brown and dull black, even the tegmina partaking of
these tints to a great extent. The pronotum is unusually broad and flattened on the disk of the hind
lobe, making the shoulders or lateral carine appear very prominent ; the anterior lobe is fully as long as,
or longer than, the hind lobe and markedly higher than it. The colour of the tegmina, as stated above,

2 Ha 2

236 ORTHOPTERA.

is largely brown or dull black, the lighter portions being confined to a few scattered blotches of testaceous
towards the base and some of the veinlets along the dorsal and discal areas. The wings are deep carmine
on the disk back of the dilated area, beyond and apically on the costal field this colour is varied with
black, the entire margin from the apex to the anal angle being black-bordered. Antenne flavous, save
the extreme apex, which is infuscated.

Length of body, g 45-50, 2 60; of pronotum, ¢ 16-17, 2? 22; of tegmina, ¢ 38-40, 2 40; of hind
femora, ¢ 23, 9 26 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Medellin in Vera Cruz (Heyde, in coll. L. Bruner), Temax in

N. Yucatan (Gawmer).

This species has the appearance of living among fallen leaves in the shadows of
tropical forests, where its sombre colours would be an excellent protection for it
against some of the larger insectivorous birds and various reptiles that are at home in
such localities.

10. Tzniopoda bicristata, sp. n.

Similar in general appearance to the preceding species, but differing from it in the somewhat smaller size and
the slightly narrower pronotum, with a much higher and longer crest, the posterior section of which is
higher and longer than the anterior one. The disk is much less flattened and has the hind margin
decidedly acute-angled ; and, as compared with 7. obscura, the tegmina and wings are somewhat
abbreviated, while the pronotal carine are black throughout in 7’. bécristata, as compared with the other
species, where they are streaked with flavous or ferruginous.

Length of body, 9, 54; of pronotum 24, of tegmina 32 millim.

Hab. Mexico (coll. L. Bruner).

The type, a 2, is marked simply “ Mat.,” which possibly means Matamoros, Puebla.
It was given to the writer some years ago while he was visiting the Mexican National
Collections kept at Tacubaya. The insect approaches what I take to be Drury’s
Tf. centurio in its general structure much more closely than it does J. obscura, with
which it has been compared, but imitates the latter in colour.

11. Tzeniopoda centurio, Drury.

Gryllus centurio, Drury, Ilustr. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 78, t. 41. fig. 8 (1778) '.

Locusta (Rutidoderes) centurio, Westw. in Drury’s Illustr. Exot. Ent. 2nd ed. ii. p. 88, t. 41. fig. 3
(1837) *.

Teniopoda centurio, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 18 (1887) *; Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
xxix. p. 12 (1902) * (in part. ?).

Hab. Mexico, various localities*; [Honpuras!23; Nicaragua (U.S. Nat. Mus.:
3 2).

The Mexican and Nicaraguan specimens referred to T. centurio seem distinct from
all the other species recorded in the present work. "Whether or not it is the insect
figured by Drury is difficult to state without examining examples from the original
locality, Honduras. The Nicaraguan material is more likely to belong to it than that
recorded from Mexico, and especially is this likely to be true of such specimens as

. TANIOPODA. ' 237

come from points somewhat distant from the low country along the Gulf of Mexico.
The insect figured as this species on Tab. II. fig. 19 belongs to 7. citricornis.

12. Teeniopoda auricornis, Walker. (Tab. II. figg. 22, 22a, 3.)
Rhomalea auricornis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 538 (1870)'; Thomas, Acrid.
N. Am. p. 241 (1873) ?; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 414, fig. 13°.
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz!-3 (H. H. S. & F. D. G.), Medellin in Vera Cruz
(Rev. T. Heyde), Oaxaca }.

The specimens which I refer here are somewhat smaller than the insect which Rehn
had before him when he decided as to the one he was willing to accept as Walker's
R. auricornis (see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 532). Some of my males do
not exceed 30 mm. in length, and they have the posterior extremity of the pronotum
rather blunt, almost a right angle. Rehn’s examples come from Tamaulipas and may
represent still another species.

18. Teniopoda varipennis, Rehn. (TZ. flavida, Tab. II. figg. 20, 20a, 3.)
Teniopoda varipennis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 410-414, figg. 10, 11, 12°.
Teniopoda flavida, Bruner, MSS.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson: ¢); Costa Rica!, San José (Underwood, in
coll. L. Bruner: & 2).

This species is very similar to the preceding, but has the pronotum more elongate
and sharply angulate. It seems to be confined to the interior plateau-region. The
Chontales specimen referred to above is considerably larger than those of the same sex
from San José, Costa Rica; it measures 62 mm. in length and has a pronotum 25 mm.

long.

14. Teeniopoda pulchella, Bolivar.
Teniopoda pulchella, Bolivar, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1901, pp. 266, 269'; Rehn, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 414, fig. 147?

Hab. Mexico }~?, San Rafael, Vera Cruz (Townsend).

The insect which the writer has in mind seems to come nearer Bolivar’s description
than to any other. The smaller form mentioned by him ! as being a possible variety
of JZ. pulchella may be 7. auricornis, Walk., as understood by me (see antéa). As
stated above in connection with remarks on the genus, there are undoubtedly several
other forms of Twniopoda that will eventually have to be separated as distinct species.

238 ORTHOPTERA.

CHROMACRIS, Walker.

Chromacris, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 643 (1870); Thomas, Acrid. N. Am.
p. 167 (1878).

Rhomalea, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 619 (1838) (in part.) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 82,
51 (1878); Syst. Acrid. i. p. 17 (1878).

The locusts constituting the genus Chromacris are quite similar in form, but differ
considerably one from the other in colour and somewhat in size. There are approxi-
mately ten or a dozen species known, four or five of which belong to Mexico or
Central America.

Synopsis of the Species of Chromacris.

a

A’, Antenne with the basal two-fifths flavous, the apical portion black.
A’, Antenne entirely black.

6’. Tegmina with the veins of a purplish tinge. Hind femora
provided externally on the basal half with a longitudinal
testaceous or yellow fascia in addition to the transverse bands. 2. miles, Drury.

6°. Tegmina with the veins greenish.

c’. Femora banded with yellow.
d'. Coloured portion of the wings yellow. Size larger (¢ length
25, 9 385 mm.) . ee ar
d?, Coloured portion of the wings vermilion. Size smaller

. colorata, Serville.

3. psittacus, Gerst. ?

(gf length 20,9 28mm)... .... . . . . 4. trogon, Gerst.
c'. Femora without yellow bands. Hind wings with the coloured
portion orange . . . . . ee ew ee ee ee trogon, var., Pict. et Sauss.

1. Chromacris colorata, Serville.

Acridium coloratum, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 674 (1839) °.

Rhomalea colorata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 51 (1873)7; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. pp. 19,
22 (1887) *.

Chromacris colorata, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 644 (1870) *; Rehn, Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 12 (1902) ’.

Romalea pedes, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 392 (1869) °*.

Rhomalea pedes, Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 240 (1873)’.

Hab. Norta America, South Carolina and Texas!~4,—MeExico, Tepic (coll. Calif.

Acad. Sciences), Cuernavaca, Morelos (0. W. Barrett), Orizaba, Vera Cruz (H. H. 8.
& F. D. G.), Temax, N. Yucatan (Gaumer) ; CENTRAL AMERICA.

Next to C. miles, this species is probably the most widely distributed member of the
genus, as it occurs from the Carolinas to Central America and from the Atlantic to
the Pacific.

CHROMACRIS. 239

2. Chromacris miles, Drury.
Gryllus miles, Drury, Illustr. Nat. Hist. ii. t. 42. fig. 2 (9) (1778) '.
Locusta (Rutidoderes) miles, Westw. in Drury’s Illustr. Exot. Ent. ii. p. 89, t. 42. fig. 2 (g) (1837) *.
Rhomalea miles, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. pp. 19, 20 (1887) °.
Gryllus speciosus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. ix. p. 404, t. 14. fig. 1 (1824) *.
Acridium speciosum, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 673 (2) (1839) °.
Rhomalea speciosa, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 51 (1873) °; Bolivar, Viaje al Pacifico, Orthopt.
pp. 84, 35 (1884) ’.
Acridium xanthopterum, Hahn, Orthopt. t. A. fig. 2 (1835) *.
Hab. CeytRaL America, Bay of Honduras!23,—Sourn America!-8, Trinidad
(coll. L. Bruner).

A common species in Venezuela and Colombia, and doubtless penetrates northward
along the Isthmus to Southern Costa Rica.

3. Chromacris psittacus, Gerstaecker ?
Romalea psittacus, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. pp. 185, 186 (1873) '.
Rhomalea psittacus, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 24 (1887) *.
Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Janson: 3); Costa Rica, Siquires (M. A. Carriker,
in coll. L. Bruner).—Co tomas, Bogota !.

The insect referred to this species agrees well with Gerstaecker’s description, as well
as with a specimen from Bogota in my collection, only the coloured portion of the
wings is clear yellow, instead of vermilion. The Chontales male is discoloured by
immersion in alcohol, but it seems to belong here.

4. Chromacris trogon, Gerstaecker.
Romalea trogon, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. p. 186 (1873) °.
Rhomalea trogon, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. pp. 20, 23 (1887) ®.
Chromacris trogon, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 414°.
Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaur: 2); Costa RicaA!; Panama,
Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

The first reference is to an insect with banded legs and of the size of the varietal
form, which has the wings orange-coloured.

Var.
Rhomalea trogon, var., Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 24 (1887) *.
Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (MM. A. Carriker).

The specimens from Pozo Azul agree exactly with the dimensions as given by
Pictet and Saussure in their ‘Catalogue d’Acridiens. Whether or not they are
sufficiently distinct from typical trogon to deserve a name I am unable to state till
further material is available for examination.

240 . ORTHOPTERA.

TROPIDACRIS, Scudder.

Tropidacris, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 346 (1869) ; Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i.
p- 31 (1878) ; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 18 (1878); Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 28 (1887).

The present genus contains our largest locusts and is represented by about half a
dozen species which are distributed over both North and South America between the
30th degree of north and south latitude. All of them probably reach the territory
under investigation. They have been carefully studied by Professor Pictet and
Dr. Saussure, to whose work the reader is referred for a synopsis of the species,
together with their synonomy.

1. Tropidacris dux, Drury. (Tab. III. figg. 8, 8a.)

Gryllus (Locusta) dux, Drury, Illustr. Nat. Hist. ii. t. 44 (1778) ’.

Acridium dux, Oliv. Encycl. Méth. vii. p. 215, t. 126. fig. 1 (1791) ’.

Locusta (Rutioderes) dux, Westw. in Drury’s Illustr. Exot. Ent. ii. p. 92, t. 44 (1887) °.

Locusta dux, Duncan, Introd. Ent. p. 257, t. 15. fig. 2 (1840) *.

Tropidacris dux, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. (1869) °; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i.
pp. 29, 30 (1887) °.

Acridium latreillei, Perty, Del. Anim. Artic. p. 123, t. 24. fig. 4 (1834) ”.

Gryllus cristata, Thunb. (nec Linn.), Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 224 (1815) *.

Hab. NortH America, Texas (Scudder) —MeExico; CENTRAL AMERICA, Bay of
Honduras!; Costa Rica (Underwood); Panama, Chiriqui (47b6e).—Souta America
to Brazil *.

One of these large locusts was seen in the neighbourhood of Omaha, Nebraska,

during the summer of 1872 or 1873, but it was too wild to be captured, although
several hours were spent in an effort to take it.

2. Tropidacris cardinalis, Pictet et Saussure. (Tab. III. fig. 10.)
Tropidacris cardinalis, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. pp. 30, 31 (1887) °.

Hab. Mexico, Medellin, Vera Cruz (fev. 7. Heyde), ‘Temax, N. Yucatan (Gaumer);
GUATEMALA },

This species is markedly smaller than the preceding, and seems to be distributed
about the western and south-western coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

3. Tropidacris imperialis, Pictet et Saussure. (Tab. III. fig. 9.)
Tropidacris imperiatis, Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 31 (1887) °.
Hab, Guatemata 1, San Gerénimo (Champion: @ ).
As suggested by Pictet and Saussure, this insect is probably a variety of the
preceding, but seems to be sufficiently different to have a name of its own.

TROPIDACRIS.—TITANACRIS. . 241

4. Tropidacris grandis, Thunberg.
Gryllus grandis, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. ix. p. 403 (1824) *.
Acridium dux, Brullé, Hist. Nat. Ins. ix. p. 225 (1835)?; Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 653 (1838) *.
Tropidacris grandis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 49 (1878) *.
Tropidacris fabricii, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 349 (1869) °.

Hab. Tropica America 3-3,

5. Tropidacris cristata, Linn.
Gryllus (Locusta) cristatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 431 (1758)'. For further synonymy,
see Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, p. 32.

Hab. Sourn America!, Colombia! to Argentina.

This and the preceding species doubtless extend northward into Central-American
territory. 7. cristata is very common in Colombia, as well as further to the southward.
It is reported that this species, which is called the ‘‘langosta negra,” occasionally
travels in swarms in the western portion of Argentina. Several specimens from such
a swarm that visited Catamarca are in the present writer’s collection. A variation of
the species with much paler wings occurs in Southern Brazil.

TITANACRIS, Scudder.
Titanacris, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii, p. 8352 (1869); Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i.
p. 50 (1878) ; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 18 (1878) ; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 32 (1887).
Lophacris, Scudder, loc. cit. p. 353 (1869).

These large, green, lobe-crested locusts, with beautifully and highly-coloured hind
wings, are much more restricted in their distribution than are the members of the
preceding genus. While about the same number of species are known, but two
seem to enter Central-American territory.

1. Titanacris velasquezi, Nieto. (Tab. III. figg. 7, 7 a.)
Acridium velasquezii, Nieto, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1857, p. 360, t. 12°.
Lophacris velasquezii, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 354 (1869) °*.
Acridium olfersii, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 162°.
Hab. Mexico 2, Potrero and San Francisco, Vera Cruz!; British Honpuras, Belize

(Blancaneaur: 2); Panama (U.S. Nat. Mus.: 2).

2. Titanacris carinata, Stoll.
Gryllus carinatus, Stoll, Représ. Sauter. etc. p. 12, t. 5. fig. 16 (1773) '.
Acridium albipes, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 628 (1838)*; de Haan, Bijdr. tot Kenn. Orthopt.
p. 151 (1842) *.
Titanacris carinata, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 352 (1869) *.
Hab. Tropica America !—4; West Inpvrzs 1.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IT., Judy 1907. 211

242 ORTHOPTERA.

No specimens of the present species are at hand, It probably reaches the southern
portions of Central America.

PRIONACRIS, Stal.
Prionacris, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. pp. 19, 55 (1878) ; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acridiens, i. p. 35 (1887).
This is still another genus of the large, lobe-crested locusts of Tropical America
that should be included in a treatise of the Orthopterous insects belonging to Central
America. Only a single species is known.

1. Prionacris compressa, Stal.
Prionacris compressa, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 55 (1878)*; Pict. et Sauss. Cat. Acrid. i. p. 35-
(1887) 2.
Hab. Sovutn AMERICA, Colombia ! 2.

Neither specimens nor records are at hand to indicate the presence of P. compressa
in Central America, yet, in my judgment, it should be included in the locust-fauna
of that country.

[NICHELIUS, Bolivar.
Nichelius, Bolivar, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 144 (1888); Orthopt. Cuba, p. 29 (1888) ;
Gundlach, Ent. Cuba, ii. pp. 343, 344 (1890).
This genus seems to be confined to the island of Cuba; nevertheless it requires
notice here.

1. Nichelius fuscopictus, Bolivar.
Nichelius fuscopictus, Bolivar, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. pp. 144, 145 (1888)'; Orthopt. Cuba,
pp. 30, 31 (1888) *; Gundl. Ent. Cuba, ii. pp. 348, 344 (1900) *.

Hab. West Inpres, Cuba 1-3,

This insect has not been seen by me.]

NAUTIA, Stal.

Nautia, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. p. 42 (1878); Syst. Acrid. i. p. 42
(1878) ; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 43 (1898).
Cidalometopon, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 418.

The various species of Nautia are of moderate size and olive-green in colour, with
the face, occiput, pronotum, and tegmina variously lined or marked with yellow and
brown. ‘They live among the herbage and smal] shrubs growing in openings or
clearings at the margins of the forests of Tropical America, and are either rare or else
sufficiently active and alert to keep out of the collector’s reach. The following brief
table will aid in separating the species so far as known to the writer.

NAUTIA. 243

Synopsis of the Species of Nautia.

A. Pronotum plainly divergent posteriorly, the transverse sulci deeply

impressed and the hind margin plainly but very obtusely angulate.

Antenne with the basal joints depressed, subensiform *. Pronotum

quadrifasciate with flavous. [Central America.]

b. Larger(?,length3lmm.). . . . 1 ee ee ee ew ee L, flavosignata, Stal.
6b. Smaller (¢, length 27mm.). Serrations and tubercles of the pagina
black. [Costa Rica and northward. ]

c. Tegmina and wings apparently as long as the abdomen . . . . 2. petasata, Rehn.
cc. Tegmina and wings abbreviate, not more than one-half the length
of the abdomen . . . ok . . 9&. Conspersipes, sp. D.

AA. Pronotum subcylindrical, the transverse sulci less strongly impressed,
the hind margin broadly rounded. Antenne either filiform or
subensiform. Pronotum bifasciate with flavous. [British Guiana. |

b. Hind femora comparatively slender, the pagina closely serrato-
dentate. Hind tibie reddish. Sides of face and cheeks below the
eyes flavo-vittate .

6b. Hind femora rather robust, the paginee few and smooth, the upper
and lower edges of the outer disk marked with conspicuous blood-
red patches; the genicular area black, with the exception of the
lobes, which are ivory-white. Hind tibie olivaceous basally,
infuscated apically, the knees black. . . . . . . . . . « (5. ornatipes, sp. n. |

[4. vitta-gene, sp. n. |

1. Nautia flavosignata, Stal.
Nautia flavosignata, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 87 (1878) *.

Hab. Panama}.
This insect is not known to the present writer. It in all probability extends farther

northward than its given habitat.

2. Nautia petasata, Rehn.
CEdalometopon petasatum, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 418-420, figs. 19, 20°.

Hab. Costa Rica ?, Carrillo.

A specimen, possibly of this species, was seen by me during the month of March
at Juan Vifias, Costa Rica, but was not taken. It was resting upon the stem
of a climbing plant at the edge of a jungle and before it could be secured
succeeded in getting away among the almost impenetrable tangle of vines and

other vegetation.

* This character is somewhat uncertain so far as WV. flavosignata and J. petasata are concerned, since both

St&l’s and Rehn’s types lacked antenne.
2112

244 ORTHOPTERA.

3. Nautia conspersipes, sp. n.

As indicated by the synoptic table, this insect is most nearly related to WN. petasata, Rehn, which comes from
an adjacent locality. It also comes close to WN. flavosignata, Stal, from further south. Its general
structure is robust, somewhat fusiform ; the tegmina are abbreviated, tapering, and one-half the length
of the abdomen, their apex rounded.

Front, cheeks, occiput, pronotum, and pleura coarsely and profoundly punctulate. Vertex very narrow, not
more than one-third as wide as the diameter of the first antennal joint; fastigium horizontal, but
considerably depressed below the plane of the occiput, sulcate. Frontal costa prominent between the
antenne, plain above, sulcate below, scarcely reaching the ocellus. Antenne heavy, subensiform,
the basal joints strongly depressed, as long as the head, pronotum, and tegmina together. Pronotum
rather strongly divergent posteriorly ; the hind extremity subangulate, its middle slightly notched;
in front roundly advanced upon the occiput and with the median portion roundly emarginate. Tegmina
tapering, with their dorsal edges overlapping. Hind femora robust, nearly one-third as wide as Jong,
strongly serrate and tuberculate, the genicular area about one-fifth of the entire length; the tibice
considerably shorter than the femora, the tarsi more than half as long as the tibie, the first and second
joints about equal in length. Prosternal spine blunt, quadrate at base, somewhat transverse. Valves of
the ovipositor straight, the upper pair much heavier and longer than the lower pair, their superior edge
flattened and with the external margin sharp and faintly crenulate.

General colour brownish, with an olivaceous tinge to the head, abdomen, and legs, the latter somewhat paler
than the rest of the insect. Pronotum quadrifasciate with flavous, the disc of the tegmina similarly
coloured to their apices. Hind femora with all the serrations and tubercles black-tipped, the lunules of

the genicular portion also strongly blackened. Hind tibie 8-spined both externally and internally, the
spines black-tipped.

Length of body, 2, 26°5; of pronotum 6:2, of tegmina 9, of hind femora 15, of antennze 17°5 millim,
Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (coll. S. H. Scudder).

OPHTHALMOLAMPIS, Saussure.

Ophthalmolampis, Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 394; Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-
Akad. Handl. v. no, 4, p. 42 (1887); Syst. Acrid. i. p. 42 (1837).
Teniophora, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 84, 54 (1873) (in part.).

Although the present genus has been recorded as belonging to Tropical America,
none of the species have been referred to, or collected in, regions embraced in the
present treatise. Since two or three species have been taken in countries of northern
South America, one or more of the forms are liable to occur in Central America in the
vicinity of Panama.

TANIOPHORA, Stal.
Teniophora, Stal, Receus. Orthopt. i. pp. 84, 53 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. p. 42 (1878).

The genus Teniophora includes several species of highly-coloured locusts that are
below the medium in size. They are distributed over northern South America and
the lower portions of Central America, with Panama at about the centre of such
distribution. The known forms, together with two additional species, are tabulated
in the subjoined key.

TANIOPHORA. 245

Synopsis of the Species of Teeniophora.
-A, Male cerci somewhat heavy, flattened, and with the apex truncate.
6. Prevailing colour olive-green or olive-yellow.
c. Olivaceous-green. Anterior femora armed with a median tooth.
Genicular portion of hind femora black . . . . - « lL. dentipes, Stal.
ce. Dull olivaceous-yellow. Anterior femora not dentate. Anterior
trochanters and base of all the femora dilute sanguineous.
d. Apex of hind femora and base and apical half of hind tibize
black . , .. » 0 6 e 2& pulchripes, Stal.
dd. Apex of hind femora and base of hind tibiee dull ferruginous,
the apical two-thirds of the latter black . . . . . . 38. femorata, sp. un.
66, Prevailing colour black or piceous.
c. Hind femora with a preapical pale annulus, the apex san-

guineous. Pronotum and tegmina vittate . .. . . . [4 carinipes, Gerst.]
cc. Hind femora without a preapical pale annulus, the apex fuscous.
Pronotum not vittate . . . . . » 2 2 © © « 9. megacephala, sp. n.

AA. Male cerci long and slender, the apex acuminate. Hind femora at
base olivaceous, outer half ferruginous, the genicular area black.
Head, pronotum, and tegmina vittate . . . . . . . . . ([6. wnistrigata,de Haan.]

1. Teniophora dentipes, Stal.
Tentophora dentipes, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. i. p. 53 (18738) *.

Hab. Cotompia, Remedios 1.

This locust is certain to be found in Panama, and the same remark applies to the
following species.

2. Teniophora puichripes, Stal.
Teniophora pulchripes, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 88 (1878) *.

Hab, Cotomsia, Santa Marta !.

3. Teeniophora femorata, sp. n.

Similar to 7. dentipes, St&l, but lacking the dentition of the anterior femora above. Head, pronotum, and
tegmina vittate with shiny black and pale olivaceous. The hind femora blood-red varied with black and
olivaceous. Front and middle legs olivaceous.

Head large, considerably broader than the front edge of the pronotum, the eyes large and very prominent, not
much longer than wide, fully twice as long as the cheeks below them, separated above by a very narrow
almost linear vertex; the fastigium short, depressed, scarcely sulcate; frontal costa rather broad, nearly
twice as wide as the diameter of the first antennal joint, prominent between the antenne, not sulcate,
and provided with but a very few inconspicuous punctulations. Antenne very long and slender, in the
male nearly or quite the length of the insect, in the female about one-fifth shorter. Pronotum short,
smooth, the transverse sulci profound, continuous (2) or gently interrupted in the middle (¢); hind
lobe somewhat punctulate, considerably shorter than the anterior lobe; front edge sinuate, the hind
margin obtusangulate. Tegmina burnished, two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Hind femora very
robust and long, extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen, the genicular lobes sinuate on

246 ORTHOPTERA.

their lower edge and terminating in an acute apex. Hind tibie and tarsi hirsute, the former eight-
spined on both margins, the latter with the joints successively longer. Prosternal spine robust at base,
terminating in a short acuminate nipple. Cerci of male robust, the sides nearly parallel, a little longer
than broad, the apex sinuately truncate. Valves of the ovipositor short, the apex profoundly hooked and
the outer edges of the upper pair strongly crenulate.

Colour of the anterior and middle legs, together with the abdomen, dark olivacevus ; face and lower border of
cheeks black; antenne with the basal joints pale, gradually darkening towards the middle, where they
are black, the two apical joints testaceous. Occiput in middle black, at sides pale olivaceous. Pronotum
in the middle of the disk, and on the lower edge, as well as on the upper portion of the sides, longitudinally
vittate with shiny black and pale olivaceous, the pale vittz placed on the middle of the sides and at the
outer border of the disk, there being four of the latter and five of the former, all of which continue upon
the tegmina, Hind femora strongly tinged with red on the basal two-thirds and dimly bifasciate with
black, beyond annulate with flavous in advance of the ferruginous genicular area; the tibie olivaceous
basally, strongly infuscated onthe apical two-thirds, the tarsi dark olivaceous. Labrum and region about
the base of the middle coxe ferruginous.

Length of body, ¢ 16, 9 17; of pronotum, ¢ 3, 2 3°35; of tegmina, 5 2, 7-7°5; of hind femora, ¢ 10°5,
Q 11°75; of antennez, ¢ 15°5, 2 13 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker).

The most characteristic feature of 7. femorata is its very large, robust, reddish
hind femora.

(4. Teniophora carinipes, Gerstaecker.
Ommatolampis carinipes, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. pp. 195, 196 (1878) *.
Teniophora carinipes, Stal, Syst. Acrid. 1. p. 88 (1878) ’*.

Hab. CouomBia, Bogota}.

It is quite possible that this species is also to be met with in the southern part of
Costa Rica, Chiriqui, or Panama. |

5. Teniophora megacephala, sp. n.

As indicated by the synoptic table, the present insect is most closely related to the preceding species, from
which it differs in the absence of pale vitte on the head, pronotum, and tegmina. It also lacks the pre-
apical pale annulus of that species, and has the genicular region of the hind femora black instead of
sanguineous. The whole insect is strongly tinged with smoky brown and piceous.

Head unusually large, the occiput swollen and greatly elevated above the plane of the pronotum; the eyes
fairly prominent and separated above at the vertex by a space fully as broad as the diameter of the rather
large basal joint of one of the antenne; the front sparsely, coarsely punctate. Occiput and pronotum
also coarsely and profoundly punctate ; the latter with the front edge strongly and widely bordered or
margined, the hind margin of the disk very broadly angulate. Tegmina about two-thirds as long as the
abdomen, their apex rounded, the discal area paler than the remaining portion, which is dark piceous.
Hind femora slender, without bands, but somewhat paler basally; the tibie and anterior and middle legs
piceous, as is also much of the face and pectus.

Abdomen testaceous, showing traces of smoky brown. Valves of ovipositor as described for 7. femorata.

Length of body, 9,16; of pronotum 3°35, of tegmina 7:5, of hind femora 10 millim.

Hab, Panama (coll. S. H. Scudder).

The single specimen examined has the antenne broken off. It differs from
T. femorata and the other described species by the decidedly wider vertex.

TANIOPHORA,—RHICNODERMA. 247

[6. Teniophora unistrigata, De Haan.
Acridium (Oxya) unistrigatum, de Haan, Bijdr. tot Kenn. Orthopt. p. 158, t. 21. figg. 7 (4),
8 (2) (1842) *; Stal, Obs. Orthopt. i. p. 53 (1873) *.

Hab. Tropican AMERICA.

De Haan gives New Guinea as the habitat of this insect, but this is certainly an
error. It undoubtedly is at home in some portion of Central or South America. |

MEZENTIA, Stal.

Mezentia, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, pp. 43, 88 (1878) ; Giglio-Tos,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 43 (1898).

The genus Mezentia is known only by a single species which comes from Panama.
It is not represented in the collections studied.

1. Mezentia gibbera, Stal.
Mezentia gibbera, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 88 (1878) °.

Hab. Panama}. .

HISYCHIUS, Stal.
Hisychius, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, pp. 44, 89 (1887) ; Giglio-Tos,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xiii. no. 311, pp. 43, 52 (1898).
Hisychius is another tropical genus that reaches the borders, at least, of the
territory covered by the present treatise. It is represented by several species, only one
of which will be mentioned.

1. Hisychius festa, Giglio-Tos.
Hisychius feste, Gigl.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 3 (1897) *; xiii. no. 311, p. 52
(1898) *.
Hab. Panama, Darien 1-2,

This insect is not contained in the collections studied by me.

RHICNODERMA, Gerstaecker.
Rhicnoderma, Gerst. Mittheil. naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. und Riigen, xx. p. 20 (1889).

The genus hicnoderma, which is composed of oddly-formed, apterous, olivaceous
locusts, seems to be confined to the northern half of Tropical America, where it is
represented by at least four, or possibly five, distinct species. Judging from their
slightly hollowed sternum, it is safe to say that these insects live for the most part
upon the smaller branches of shrubs and trees, to which they cling tenaciously. ‘I'he
annexed table will aid the student in separating them.

248 ORTHOPTERA.

Synopsis of the Species of Rhicnoderma.

A. Larger (¢, length 40-50 mm.).
b. Body everywhere strongly punctured, the surface dull or sub-shining.
Median carina of pronotum conspicuous.
c. First abdominal segment concolorous with the rest. Hind tibiz
ferruginous, the genicular area of the femora olive-brown . . . . 1. olivacea, Gerst.
cc. First abdominal segment testaceous. Hind tibie dark brown, the
genicular area of the femora black . . . . . . 2 basalis, sp. n.
bb. Body less strongly punctured, the surface decidedly glabrous. Median
carina of the pronotum nearly or quite obliterated.
c. Pronotum furnished with but two continuous transverse sulci. Hind
femora without black markings. The hind tibie pale, internally
tinged with dull orange, their tarsi concolorous . .. . . . . 38. glabra, sp. n.
cc. Pronotum provided with three continuous transverse sulci. Hind
femora with their genicular portion strongly marked with black.
The hind tibize internally and apically black, externally vinaceous,
their tarsicrimson. . 2. 2. 2. . 1 6 © 6 we ee ew ew ew A pugnae, sp. 0.
AA. Smaller (¢, length 82mm.) . . . .. . 2. 1 6 ee se © 5. humilis, Rehn.

1. Rhicnoderma olivacea, Gerstaecker.

Rhicnoderma olivacea, Gerst. Mittheil. naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. und Riigen, xx. p. 20
(1888) *.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui!.

This insect, which may be considered the type of the genus, has not been seen by
me. It is quite evident that the different species are rather local in their distribution,
or else the forms tabulated above are representatives of a very variable single species
which enjoys a wide range over tropical portions of northern South America, Central
America, and Southern Mexico.

2. Rhicnoderma basalis, sp. n.

As indicated in the synoptic table of the species, the present form is most nearly related to R. olivacea, from
which it differs by its pale first abdominal segment, the complete absence of glossiness upon the head and
thorax, and by its brownish (instead of greenish) general colour. The vertex and borders of the eyes
are entirely punctate, instead of containing spaces which are smooth. As compared with 7. humilis, the
eyes are smaller and the lower portion of the face longer and broader, the vertex is without the V-shaped
carine that meet in the centre of the upper edge of the frontal costa, while the lateral foveolse above the
antenne are quadrate and unusually deep. The frontal costa is both profoundly sulcate and deeply and
closely punctulate, and provided a little below its middle with a prominent transverse carina that
separates it into two compartments; at the transverse groove of the face the costa suddenly narrows to
less than one-half of its width above, gradually diminishes in height and depth of sulcation, and continues
to the base of the clypeus. The latter is short and strongly wrinkled and punctured. The labium and
mandibles are large and prominent. The pronotum is transverse, very strongly and closely punctate, the
transverse sulci fairly impressed ; the median carina is distinct but severed by all four of the sulci. The
metathoracic segment is much shorter at its sides than above, while its middle is rather deeply and broadly

RHICNODERMA. 249

emarginate. The abdominal segments are less closely and profoundly punctate. Valves of the ovipositor
short, blunt, and obtected by the prominent supra-anal plate, which in this species is gently depressed
and broadly rounded at the tip. Prosternal spine rather smaller, the apex a little arcuate and gently
hollowed in the centre. Hind femora fusiform, the pagine prominent; tibie bowed, provided internally
with ten, and externally with eight spines.

General colour dark brownish-olive, the basal abdominal segment above pale testaceous ; base of second and
sutures of all the abdominal segments, knees of hind femora, and hind tibise infuscated. Antenne
black.

Length of body, 2, 47; of pronotum 6°75, of hind femora 20 millim.

Hab. Mexico (coll. S. H. Scudder).

The single female specimen, the type, simply bears the label “ Palmer’s assorting,
No. 1155.” Other numbers of his assorting, ranging from 1148 to 1166, refer to
Yucatan, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and neighbouring localities. It is probable, there-
fore, that this insect comes from the vicinity of the boundary of Mexico and Central

America.

3. Rhicnoderma glabra, sp. n.
About the size of the preceding species or a trifle larger, but differing from it in the less strongly punctured
surface of the head and thorax, and in having the entire body decidedly glabrous, while the colour of
the head, body, and two anterior pairs of legs is almost uniformly brownish-olive.

Vertex about one-half broader than the longest diameter of one of the eyes, the fastigium flattened and
strongly punctate, not at all sulcate, not separated from the frontal costa by a pair of oblique caring as
illustrated for Rehn’s R. humilis (see Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 415, fig. 16); the frontal
costa sulcate only below the transverse ridge immediately above the ocellus, and then only gently.
Pronotum short, nearly twice as broad as long, with scarcely any trace of the median carina; the anterior
margin gently sinuate, the posterior margin straight, the transverse sulci inconspicuous, two in number
above, three at sides. Dorsum of metathorax scarcely emarginate at middle. Abdomen faintly carinated
above; the supra-anal plate with its apex broadly rounded, the portion beyond the transverse sulcus as
long as broad at base, not suleate. Valves of the ovipositor a little longer than in the preceding species,
their apices less strongly hooked. Hind femora moderately slender and elongate, their superior carine
strongly serrate ; the tibie hirsute, heavy, seven-spined externally, ten- or eleven-spined internally, the
first and second tarsal joints about equalin length. Prosternal spine conspicuous, transverse, its anterior
margin raised and forming a prominent straight ridge.

Hind femora apple-green, the lunules of the knees ferruginous; hind tibia externally testaceous, internally
pale orange-yellow. Antenne black. The depression at the junction of first and second abdominal

segments dark piceous ; the others brownish.
Length of body, 9,50; of pronotum 5:85, of hind femora 21 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (Underwood and Carriker, Jr., in coll. L. Bruner).

l'wo females. These specimens are readily separable from #. basalis by their
glabrous appearance and uniformly brownish-olive colour, as well as by the character

of the transverse sulci of the pronotum.

4. Rhicnoderma pugnax, sp. n.

As indicated by the synoptic table, the present species is rather closely related to 2. glabra, from ¥ which it
differs by having three continuous transverse sulci on the pronotum, instead of only two with a slightly
interrupted additional one near the front margin. It also differs from that species in having the lower
posterior angle of the first abdominal segment, as well as the suture between the first and second

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL, February 1908. 2Kx

250 ORTHOPTERA.

segments, dark piceous, while the hind tibie are infuscated internally and vinaceous externally and the
tarsi are coral-red. The structure of the vertex is somewhat similar to that of R. humilis, Rehn, and
rather free from punctation. The antenne are slender, brownish, terminating in a pale testaceous tip,
which includes four or five joints.

The insect has a rather prominent border to the hind margin of each eye, as well as the external lunule and
the entire inner side of the apex of the hind femora, black. Prosternal spine narrow, but its apex
provided with the usual raised transverse carina. Last ventral segment of g abdomen elongate prow-
shaped, the apex gently rounded.

Length of body, 3, 32; of pronotum 4°25, of hind femora 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde, in cull. £. Bruner).

5. Rhicnoderma humilis, Rehn.
Rhicnoderma humile, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 415-417}.

Hab. Costa Rica, Tarbaca!.

DICHARCHUS, Stal.
Dicearchus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, pp. 44, 89 (1878); Syst.
Acrid. i. pp. 44, 89 (1878).
According to Stal (doc. cit. p. 90), the insect which is the type of the genus
Dicearchus bears a general resemblance to Agesander ruficornis.

1. Dicearchus cribellatus, Stal.
Dicearchus cribellatus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, pp. 89, 90 (1878)';
Syst. Acrid. i. pp. 89, 90 (1878) *.
Hab. Cotomsta } 2.

While no records or specimens are at hand to indicate that this locust occurs within
territory under investigation, there can be scarcely any doubt but that it belongs to
the Central-American fauna.

BACTROPHORA, Westwood.

Bactrophora, Westwood, Arcana Ent. i. p. 66 (1845).
Scolocephalus, Bruner, Insect Life, xvi. p. 314 (1905).

The insect upon which the present genus is based was from an unknown locality,
and was figured on the same plate with a Sierra Leone plant. Its actual occurrence
in Costa Rica, however, will now definitely establish its habitat. The structure is so
abnormal that the exact location of the genus is a little doubtful. The only species
appears to be the one described by Westwood and again by the present writer.

1. Bactrophora dominans, Westwood.
Bacirophora dominans, Westw. Arcana Ent. i. p. 66, t. 17. fig. 2 (2 ) (1845) *.
Scolocephalus mirabilis, Bruner, Ins. Life, xvi. pp. 3814, 315, t. 11 (¢) (1905) *.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (Underwood, in coll. L. Bruner: 3 ).

BACTROPHORA.—LEGUA. 251

It is possible that the insect from which Westwood’s drawing was made is still
extant, but there is scarcely any doubt but that the two insects here mentioned are
the sexes of the same species. The Costa Rican male was taken in June.

| TRYBLIOPHORUS, Serville.

Lrybliophorus, Serville, Rev. Méth., Orthopt. p. 83 (1831); Hist. Orthopt. p. 631 (1839); Stal,
Syst. Acrid. i. p. 43 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xiii. no. 31], p. 43 (1898).
Stegastris, Gerstaecker, Mittheil. naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. und Riigen, xx. p. 21 (1889);
Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 186 (1893).
While none of the representatives of the genus Trybliophorus are among the
material at hand, it is quite possible that at least one species will later be found to
reach Central America.

1. Trybliophorus octomaculatus, Serville.
Trybliophorus octomaculatus, Serv. Rev. Méth., Orthopt. p. 83 (1831)'; Hist. Orthopt. p. 632.-
(1839) *.

Hab. Souta Amunrica, Cayenne !?. |

[JIVARUS, Giglio-Tos.
Jivarus, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 54 (1898).

The genus Jivarus also probably reaches our territory in at least a single species.
Although Ecuador seems to be the middle of the distribution of the few forms
belonging to it, the individuals are numerous and generally distributed both in low
and high altitudes.

For a reference to these insects, see Giglio-Tos (loc. cit.).]

LEGUA, Walker *.

Legua, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. ii. p. 502 (1870).

Prorachthes, Gerstaecker, Mittheil. naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Verpomm. und Riigen, xx. p. 38 (1889).
Legua is a genus that contains at least two species of remarkable locusts of rather

large size and showy colours. They occur in Tropical America, where they seem

to be rare, though widely disseminated. Only a single species is found in Central.

America, as shown by the material studied. Gerstaecker’s type of Prorachthes insignis

was from the Amazons. a

1. Legua crenulata, Stoll.
Gryllus (Locusta) crenulatus, Stoll, Représ. Saut. etc. t. 6 0. fig. 18 (1787) *.
Mesops crenulatus, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 610 (1839) *.

* <== Prorachthes of the synopsis of the genera, anted p. 212.

2 Kx 2

252 ORTHOPTERA.

Acridium (Opsomala) stollii, Haan, Verh. Nat. Gesch. nederl. Ind. Bezitt., Ins. p. 148 (1844) °.
? Legua crenulata, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iti. p. 503 (1870) *.

Hab. Costa Rica, Port Limon (MZ. A. Carriker, Jun.), San Carlos (Biolley).

Two females from Costa Rica are in the present writer’s collection. Probably all of
the African records are due to Stoll wrongfully assigning L. crenulata to that country,
and the later writers copying his locality.

Walker described the antenne as “slender, setaceous,” whereas they are dagger-
shaped, or at least the basal joints are strongly flattened.

CYLINDROTETTIX, Bruner.
Cylindroteitiz, Bruner, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 153 (1906).

In a general way the members of the present genus are closely related to Leptysma,
Stél. The main difference is in the absence of a definite median longitudinal sulcus
on the fastigium of the vertex. Only a single species seems to be represented.

1. Cylindrotettix insularis, Bruner.
Cylindrotettiz insularis, Bruner, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 153’.
Hab. Honvvras (coll. Carnegie Museum) ; Costa Rica, San Mateo (Biolley, in coll.
L. Bruner).—TRuipap 1.

No males of this genus have been examined. The Honduras and Costa Rican
specimens do not differ sufficiently, perhaps, from those coming from Trinidad to
warrant their separation, still it is just possible that they represent a distinct species,
with a slight trace of a fastigial groove and one in which the discal area of the tegmina
is provided with but a single irregular longitudinal vein, instead of with two inter-
calaries. The first character brings it very close to the typical Leptysme@. The name
C. herbaceus is suggested for this Central-American insect.

LEPTYSMA, Stal.
Leptysma, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 42, 85 (1873); Syst. Acrid. i. p. 4 (1878).
Opsomala, Serv. (in part.).

With the exception of the Trinidad locust which is included here, the North-
American forms usually referred to Leptysma are not typical, and, according to the
present writer, should be separated and placed by themselves in a new genus. The
character “fastigium as long as, or longer than, the longest diameter of the eyes” is
not true of these insects, while their body is comparatively robust instead of linear.
There are at least two very distinct species of this second group, both of which belong
to Mexico or Central America. The individuals in both forms are variable as to
general shape, punctuation, and coloration.

LEPTYSMA. 253

Synopsis of the Species of Leptysma.

A. Body very slender, almost linear ; the hind femora short and weak.

Fastigium of the vertex as long as, or longer than, the longest
diameter of theeyes. . 2. 2 2. 1. 1 1. ew we ee ee s []. minima, Bruner. |

AA. Body comparatively robust ; the hind femora longer and more

robust. Fastigium of the vertex shorter than the longest

diameter of the eyes.
6. Body slender, but in nowise linear. Antenne fully as long as, or

longer than, the combined length of the head and pronotum . 2. mewicana, Sauss.
6b, Body more robust. Antenne always shorter, sometimes consider-
ably so, than the combined length of the head and pronotum . 38. marginicollis, Serv.

[1. Leptysma minima, Bruner.
Lepiysma minima, Bruner, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 152 (1906) *.
? Leptysma filiformis, Boliv. Orthopt. Cuba, p. 31 (1888) *.

Hab. Trinipap!: Cusa??2,

This species was described from a single female specimen that was collected in
alcohol and subsequently pinned. It approaches Z. gracilis, Bruner, from South-
eastern Brazil, most closely in size. The insect referred to by Bolivar as L. filiformis,

Serv., possibly belongs here. |

2. Leptysma mexicana, Saussure. (Cornops mexicanum, Tab. III. figg. 25, 25 a.)
Opomala mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 156°; Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. p. 197 (1878) *.
? Arnilia mexicana, Boliv. Orthopt. Cuba, p. 31 (1881) °; Scudd. Cat. U.S. Orthopt. p. 46 (1900) ’*.
Leptysma mexicana, Riley, N. Am. Fauna, vil. p. 252 (1893) ’.

Hab. Norta America? 45; Lowrr Catirornia, San José del Cabo (Calif. Acad.
Sciences).—Mexico, Presidio (Forrer), San Rafael, Vera Cruz (C. H. 7. Townsend).

Possibly the Cuban and some of the United States citations belong to the next
species, which is a much more widely distributed and variable insect than the present.

3. Leptysma marginicollis, Serville. (Z. meaicana, Tab. III. figg. 24, 24a.)
Opsomala marginicollis, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 591 (1839) *.
Opomala marginicollis, Thomas, Acrid. N. Am. pp. 66, 196 (1873) *.
Arnilia marginicollis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 86 (1873) °.
Leptysma mexicana, Bruner, in litt.*.
Hab.- Norta America!~4, San Diego, California, Phoenix, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner),

Texas (coll. Zurich Mus.).
Other Texas and Arizona records are at hand, and it is quite certain that this insect

is to be met with at suitable localities throughout Northern Mexico. Arizona and
California specimens are less profoundly punctured than eastern ones.

ORTHOPTERA.

bo
vr
ee

ARNILIA, Stal.

Arnilia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 42, 84 (1873) ; Syst. Arid. i. p. 40 (1878).
Stenacris, Walker, Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. p. 651 (1870) (in part.).

The representatives of the genus Arnilia are confined to tropical and subtropical
America, where they occur among the rank grasses and sedges growing in and about
swamps and along the margins of streams. This being true, it is quite probable that
the actual number of species is comparatively large. At present only about a dozen
are known, including those now described or characterized in the subjoined synoptic
table. The species cylindrodes and vitreipennis may both be considered the types of
the genus, because both were represented when the generic diagnosis was drawn up
by Stal, as may be seen by an examination of pages 42 and 85 of his ‘ Recensio

Orthopterorum, i.

Synoptic Table of the Species of Arnilia.

A. Last ventral segment of male abdomen plain, unadorned at sides
by dentiform processes or at the apex by flattened decurved
lobes.

b. Larger (2, length 36-44 mm.).

c. Antenne decidedly ensiform. Hind tibie provided with
9-10 spines in the outer row. Tegmina acuminate. Wings
rather strongly infuscated, or at least with obscure veins.
(South-western Brazil.) . 2. 2. 2. 2. 1 . [stali, sp. n.]

cc. Antenne only faintly ensiform or subensiform. Hind tibive
7-spined externally. Tegmina subacuminate. Wings not
infuscate nor dark-veined.

d. Hind tibiz together with the tarsi wholly pale coral-red.

The abdomen above testaceous . . . - [coccineipes, Bruner. |
dd. Hind tibie with a large green space towards the base.
The abdomen above blood-red . . . . . . . . . (I. viridis, Serv.

bb. Smaller (?, length 24-35 mm.).
c. Relatively robust species. Fastigium of the vertex obtuse or
at most a right-angle. Sides of the pronotum and pleura
without a piceous band.
d. Prosternal spine moderately robust, equal, the apex blunt.
(Rio de Janeiro and Eastern Brazil.) . . . . . . . [eylindrodes, Stal. ]
dd. Prosternal spine inflated at apex, gently retrorse. (Co-
rumba, Brazil.) . . . . 2 6 - 6 6 © «es « [interior, sp. ne]
cc. Relatively slender species. Fastigium of the vertex acumi-
nate. Sides of the pronotum and pleura adorned with a
piceous line above the pale one. (Paraguay and S. Brazil.) [yracilis, G.-Tos. ]

ARNILIA.

AA. Last ventral segment of the male abdomen provided on each side
with a more or less prominent spine or tooth, cr the apex
furnished with flattened decurved lobes.

6. Subgenital plate or last ventral segment of male abdomen
adorned at sides with teeth or finger-like projections.

c. Larger (length, J 25-28, 9 28-33 mm.). The last dorsal
segment of the male abdomen unadorned with black or
fuscous, the margins of the supra-anal plate alone so
marked *.

d. Last ventral segment of the male abdomen greatly elon-
gate, more than twice, almost three times, as long as its
basal width, the apical portion narrower, elongate, spatu-
late, and excavated above, about twice the length of the

bo

lateral teeth. (South-eastern United States.) . . . . [2 vitreipennis, Marsch. ]

dd, Last ventral segment of the male abdomen only about
twice as long as its basal width, the apical portion broadly
spatulate and fully two and one-half times the length of
the lateral teeth. (Costa Rica and Nicaragua.) . . . 3. marschalli, sp. n.
ce. Smaller (length, ¢ 21-24, 2 25 mm.). Hind margin of
the last dorsal segment of the male abdomen adorned with
black 2. 2. 1 1 ew ee ew ee ww ew ew ew 4 minor, Bruner,
bb. Subgenital plate of male deeply fissured, the lateral pieces
greatly flattened and bent backwards, their outer margin
bowed.
c. Smaller and more slender (length, g 24, ? 32mm.). An-
tenne ferruginous, normal. (Trinidad I. and British
Guiana.) 2. 2 1. 6 1 ww ww we ew we ww. [6 fissicauda, sp. n.]
cc. Larger and more robust (length, ¢ 27, 2? 36 mm.). An-
tenn infuscated, heavy, and longer than usual. (Colombia.) 7. colombia, sp. n.

1. Arnilia viridis, Serville?
Opsomala viridis, Serv. Rev. Orthopt. p. 77 (1831)'; Hist. Orthopt. p. 588 (1839) *.
Arnilia viridis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. pp. 659, 660 (1906) *.

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson).

A single female. The insect referred here with some doubt has been preserved in
spirits and subsequently pinned. It is somewhat smaller and a trifle more slender
than A. coccineipes, Bruner, from Southern Brazil and Paraguay. No locality was

given by Serville } ?.

* Another apparently distinct species, A. propinqua, No. 5, is at hand; but, being represented by females

only, it cannot be located in the table. The description follows in the body of the work, see p, 257.

256 ORTHOPTERA.

(2. Arnilia vitreipennis, Marschall.

Gryllus vitreipennis, Marsch. Ann. Wien. Mus. i. pp. 214-215, t. 18. fig. 6 (1836) *

Stenacris chlorizans, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 652, 653 (1870) *.

Arnilia chlorizans, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 88 (1877) ° ; Cat. Orthopt. U.S. p. 46
(1900) ‘.

Arnilia cylindrodes, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 85 ( 1873) (in part.)°; Scudd. Cat. Orthopt. U.S.
p. 46 (1900) °.

Hab. Nortu America, South-eastern States 1-6,

This insect seems to be restricted to the Southern Atlantic and Gulf States of North
America, where it occurs in swampy or wet localities. It was undoubtedly the male
of the Carolina species that St&l had before him when he drew up his description of
the subgenital plate of this sex: ‘“segmento genitali maris longo, producto, pone
medium utrinque lobo sat longo dentiformi armato, parti apicali pone illos lobos
producta, angusta, superne excavata” (Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 42). South-American
specimens of at least three species examined by me lack the lateral teeth. The Rio
Janeiro and Carolina individuals certainly represent two distinct forms. |

8. Arnilia marschalli, sp. n.

An insect of medium size and robustness, in which the sides of the head, lower lateral margins of the pro-
notum, and the pleura are quite conspicuously banded with dirty white or pale testaceous, and in which
the dorsum of the abdomen is dull plumbeous.

Head of about the same width as the front edge of the cylindrical or subcylindrical pronotum ; the occiput a
little longer than the hind lobe of the pronotum; fastigium of the vertex in the male very slightly -
acuminate, in the female gently obtuse, rather rugosely punctate and without a perceptible sulcus. Eyes
normal, separated above by a space equal to ( @ ), or slightly less than( ¢ ), the width of the frontal costa
between the antenne. Frontal costa continuous, rather profoundly sulcate. Antenne filiform, or with
the basal joints very greatly depressed, in the female about as long as, and in the male a little longer than,
the head and pronotum together. Pronotum very gently but broadly constricted at sides, the surface
above closely punctate, at sides less densely so, except on the hind lobe, the transverse sulci strongly
impressed. Tegmina and wings rather narrow, a little surpassing the tip of the abdomen and hind
femora; the former less sparsely veined on the basal third than are those of vitretpennis, Marschall, from
the Southern United States. Hind femora nearly or quite reaching the apex of the abdomen; the hind -
tibie slender, seven-spined externally. Last ventral segment of the male abdomen as described i in the
synoptic table. The supra-anal plate also as there mentioned. Prosternal spine straight, equal, a little
more than twice as long as its diameter, gently directed to the rear.

General colour pale green, inclining to flavous below. Sides of the head, lower margin of the sides of
pronotum and the pleura marked by a conspicuous longitudinal pale band which is bordered above by one
of dull piceous. Dorsal portion of the tegmina, disk of the pronotum, and the occiput tinged more or less
strongly with ferruginous. Wings basally bluish-grey, smoky apically. Antenne ferruginous. Tip of
the hind tibie and their tarsi tinged with red.

Length of body, ¢ 25, 2 29; of antennew, 39, 2 8; of pronotum, g 4:1, 2 5; of tegmina, ¢ 20, 9 25 ;
of hind femora, ¢ 138, 2 16 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Juan Vifias (L. Bruner, M. A. Carriker, M. Carey), Port Limon
(M. A. Carriker).

This insect was found to be very common in March about the borders of a swamp

ARNILIA. 257

and at the edge of a small stream, where it was taken from aquatic vegetation, to which
it clung tenaciously. When disturbed it jumped and flew readily, but very frequently
tried to hide by dodging to the opposite side of the blade of grass or stem, to which it
clung.

4, Arnilia minor, Bruner.
Arnilia minor, Bruner, Ohio Naturalist, vii. pp. 11, 12 (1908) *.

As the original description of this species was based solely on the male, it is thought
best to give herewith a modified description including both sexes :—

Smaller and a little more slender than A. marschalli, the subanal plate of the male abdomen shorter and
differently constructed, the wings paler, and with less distinct pale lateral bands.

Fastigium of the vertex a little longer than broad at the base, the middle provided with a shallow longitudinal
sulcus. Eyes somewhat prominent, the portion of the cheeks below them a little shorter than their
shortest diameter, separated above by a space equal to the diameter of the second antennal joint ( 3) or
the width of the frontal costa between the antenne (9). Face a little more oblique than in A. vitrei-
pennis. Antenne slender, about as long as the head and pronotum combined. Pronotum closely
punctate, not quite as smooth at sides as in A. marschalli; the transverse sulci moderately impressed,
the posterior one slightly sinuous at middle; median carina visible throughout in the female, nearly
obliterated on the anterior lobe in the male.

Tegmina proportionately longer than in the preceding species, a little more acuminate, and more closely veined
on the basal third. Hind femora slender and reaching the tip of the abdomen in both sexes, Prosternal
spine robust, the apex bluntly rounded. Last ventral segment of male abdomen short, about as long as
its basal width, the lateral teeth short and gently divergent. Hind margin of the last dorsal segment
provided with three black spots, the lateral margins of the supra-anal plate pale, but the carina at sides
of median sulcus narrowly adorned with black. Hind tibie very slender.

General colour pale grass-green, scarcely marked with the pale lateral lines or dorsal ferruginous tinge so
prominent in most specimens of the preceding species. Wings clouded with bluish-grey and fuscous, but
to a less degree than in A. marschalle.

Length of body, ¢ 21, 9 25; of pronotum, ¢ 3°55, 2 4:1; of antenne, ¢ 9,7; of tegmina, ¢ 20, 9 23;
of hind femora, ¢ 11°5, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Medellin, Vera Cruz (Rev. Heyde); Guatemaa 1, San José (J. S. Hine).

Two females, one of which was captured in February. I have also before me a male
of similar size and form that has been preserved in alcohol, and which bears the label
“Central America, Heyde.” It shows a decided trace of the pale line on the sides
of the head and body, and also has some dark colour on the lateral margins of the
supra-anal plate.

5. Arnilia propinqua, sp. n.

This locust is very similar in general form and appearance to the female of 4. minor, but it is much larger,
being about the size of A. fissicauda and A. cylindrodes. It is somewhat more slender and has slightly
longer tegmina and wings, however, than they have. The fastigium of the vertex is blunt and without the
faint longitudinal median sulcus mentioned in connection with the description of one or two of the other
species. Its dorsum is more or less ferruginous on the occiput, the disk of the pronotum, and the folded
tegmina. The face, sides of head, sides of pronotum, pleura, costal area of tegmina, and legs are pale

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1908. 2 Lu

258 ORTHOPTERA.

grass-green, and the wings are very pale grey-blue with darker veins. The clypeus, labrum, and hind
tarsi are roseate.
Length of body, 9, 28; of antenne 8°5, of pronotum 5, of tegmina 27, of hind femora 15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz (Schumann); GuaTemMata, Amatitlan (J. S. Hine),
San Gerénimo (Champion).

The collections studied contain still other specimens of the genus which may
represent at least one, if not two, additional species. ‘These are of about the size of
A. propinqua, but show well-defined lateral pale stripes and have very short antenne,
being but 7 millim. long. They were collected by the Rev. T. Heyde in the province
of Vera Cruz, and by H. H. Smith at Cuernavaca, Morelos.

(6. Arnilia fissicauda, sp. n.
Arnilia cylindrodes, Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 153 (1906) (nec Stal).

The present species is a medium-sized and moderately slender insect, which in general appearance reminds
one of both A. marschalli and A. vitreipennis, but which differs decidedly from both of these in the struc-
ture of the last ventral segment of the male abdomen and in that of the cerci as well.

Fastigium of the vertex gently acuminate and somewhat longer than wide at base (¢), or about as long as
broad and meeting in front in a right angle (9 ), longitudinally sulcate in both sexes. Eyes not promi-
nent, nearly twice as long as broad. Antenne normal, about as long as ( @ ), or somewhat longer than ( ¢ ),
the head and pronotum taken together. Pronotum coarsely and rather closely, but not deeply punctate
above, more finely and sparsely so at sides; anterior edge broadly and shallowly emarginate; median
carina visible, but not prominent throughout. Tegmina less closely veined than the species with which
it is compared above, acuminate at apex, extending about 5 mm. beyond the apex of the hind femora.
Hind femora uf medium robustness, a trifle shorter than the abdomen in both sexes. Last ventral
segment of male abdomen with the apex broadly rounded, deeply fissured in centre, the lobes bent back,
flattened and broadly scimitar-shaped, with the apices a little overlapping. Cerci slender, and with the
apex pointed, instead of chisel-like as in A. vitretpennis, marschalli, and minor. Hind edge of last dorsal
segment and lateral margins of supra-anal plate scarcely or not at all infuscated. Prosternal spine
slender and directed gently to the rear.

General colour pale testaceous-green above and at sides, with the underside flavous. Sides of the head, lower
field of lateral lobes of the pronotum, and pleura narrowly streaked with dirty white. Tegmina and
wings somewhat infuscated, the veins more or less lead-coloured.

Length of body, ¢ 24, 9 32; of pronotum, § 4:15, 9 5:2; of tegmina, g 21°5, 9 26; of hind femora,
3 13, 2 16 millim.

Hab. Trivipap (H. D. Chipman: 3); British Guiana, Demerara (ft. J. Crew: ¢ ).

The female from British Guiana seems to belong here; at any rate it differs some-
what from the insect which bas been provisionally called A. cylindrodes. |

7. Arnilia colombia, sp. n.

An insect a little larger and more robust than the average in this genus, and which has darker-coloured,
heavier, and longer antennez than usual. The male characters are similar to those of the preceding, but
more pronounced, The pale line on sides of head, pronotum, and pleura is bordered above with piceous.
The hind femora are rather robust and long, and the hind tibize are decidedly heavy.

Length of body, ¢ 27, 2 36; of antenne, g 12, 9 11; of pronotum, ¢ 4°85, 9 6; of tegmina, d 23, 2 29;
of hind femora, ¢ 13°5, 9 17 millim.

Hab. Cotomsia, San Diego, Department of Magdalena (coll. Carnegie Museum).

ARNILIA.—INUSIA. | 259

One male and four females. This insect almost certainly reaches far enough along
the isthmus, northward, to be included in the Central-American fauna. It has a
decidedly inflated fastigium of the vertex, that is also sulcate longitudinally, and the
prosternal spine is long, coarse, and blunt at its apex.

INUSIA, Giglio-Tos.

_ Inusia, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. no. 302, p. 80 (1897); xii. no. 311,
p- 44 (1898) ; Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 151 (1906).

The present genus is composed of several species of nearly related, medium-sized,
tropical locusts. Their general colour is brownish above and greenish-yellow below.
They are found in low swampy places at the margins of groves or forests. The type
of Inusia is I. gracillima of Giglio-Tos. The various forms may be separated by the
accompanying table :—

Synopsis of the Species of Inusia.
A‘, Form very slender. [South-American species. |
b'. General colour above fusco-olivaceous inclining to ferruginous, the
middle of sides of head, pronotum, and pleura longitudinally
marked by a yellow line. Posterior tibie 6-spined externally.
[South-east Bolivia.) . 2. . 1. 2. 1. 1. ee ee ee es [gracillima, Gig.-Tos.]
47, General colour above pale green; the sides of head, pronotum,
and pleura longitudinally marked by an obscure piceous band.
Posterior tibiz 7-spined externally. [Paraguay.] . . . . . [pallida, Bruner.]
A‘. Form more robust. [Middle and Northern South America.]
b'. Discal area of tegmina provided with two more or less well-defined
intercalary veins.
cl. Smaller (length, ¢ 18, 2 24 mm.). The tegmina with their
apex rather bluntly rounded, and extending but little beyond
the tip of the hind femora. [Costa Rica.] . . . . . . ~ 1. nana, sp. n.
c’. Larger (length, ¢ 22, 2 24-26 mm.). The tegmina more
acuminate and extending fully one-fifth of their length beyond
the tip of the hind femora. [Brazil, Guiana, Trinidad. |
d:. More robust and slightly larger (length, ¢, 29 mm. to tip

of tegmina). [Rio de Janeiro.]. . . [Janeirensis, sp. n. |
d’. More slender and slightly smaller (length, 8, 87 mm. to “tip
of tegmina). [British Guiana and Trinidad] . . . . . [2 chipmani, Bruner. |

_ &. Discal area of tegmina provided with three more or less apparent
intercalary veins.
c'. Hind femora with their knees marked internally with dark
brown or black. [Northern Mexico to Costa Rica.]. . . . 3. bicolor, sp. n.
¢. Hind femora with their knees at most only tinged with pale
ferruginous. [Province of Vera Cruz, Mexico.] . . . . . 4. inornatipes, sp. n.

2 Li 2

260 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Inusia nana, sp. n.
This is the smallest species of the genus so far as known, and may be recognized from its allies by its shorter

and blunter tegmina.
Length of body, ¢ 18, 9 24; of pronotum, ¢ 3:25, 9 4:9; of tegmina, g 18, 2 21; of hind femora,
6 11:5, 2 18°25 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Limon [1 3 ] (1. A. Carriker), Pozo Azul [1 9 | (L. M. Underwood).

[2. Inusia chipmani, Bruner.
Inusia chipmani, Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 154 (1906).

Hab. Sovrn America, British Guiana (coll. LZ. Bruner), Trinidad. |

3. Inusia bicolor, sp. n.

As indicated in the synoptic table of the species, the tegmina of this form are provided with three inter-
calaries, and the internal face of the apical portion of the hind femora is strongly marked with black or
dark brown. In general colour it is very similar to J. chipmani, which was quite fully described in the
paper on the “ Orthoptera of the Island of Trinidad.”

Length of body, ¢ 22, 2 27; of pronotum, ¢ 4°35, 2 5:4; of tegmina, ¢ 23, 9 26; of hind femora,
3 18, 2 15; of antenne, ¢ 9, 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tampico in Tamaulipas (coll. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist.), Venta de

Peregrino in Guerrero, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith), Valladolid in Yucatan

(Gaumer); Guatemala, Chacoj in Vera Paz (Champion), Los Amates (J. S. Hine);

Costa Rica, San Mateo (P. Biolley); CuntraL America (ev. Heyde).

The Costa Rican specimens are not quite typical, but are not sufficiently distinct to
be described as a separate species. The example from Vera Paz is very pale above,
with a narrow dark line on the sides of the pronotum, but is otherwise practically the
same as the type-form, which comes from Los Amates, Guatemala.

4, Inusia inornatipes, sp. n.

The present species, or form, is very similar to the preceding in size and general shape, but differs from it in
lacking the dusky markings on the inner face of the knees of the hind femora.

Hab. Mexico, San Rafael in Vera Cruz (C. H. T. Townsend).

Several specimens.

STENOPOLA, Stal.

Stenopola, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 83 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid.i. p. 89 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. no. 311, p. 46 (1898).

This is another of the South-American genera of locusts of the group that extends
northward to Central America and the West Indies. At least two species are probably
represented in “ Biologia” territory, and they may be separated as follows :—

STENOPOLA.—HENIA., 261

Synopsis of the Species of Stenopola.
A’. General colour bright yellowish-green, the upper half of the sides
of the thorax and the disc of the tegmina infuscated. Hind tibiz

and tarsi unicolorous, green-blue . . . . .
A’, General colour pale greenish-yellow, the upper + half of ‘the sides of
the thorax and the tegmina not much infuscated. Hind tibie and
tarsi varicoloured, the first and second joints of tarsi carneous . . 2. limbatipennis, Stal.

1. xanthochlora, Marsch.

1. Stenopola xanthochlora, Marschall.
Gryllus xanthochlorus, Marsch. Ann. Wien. Mus. i. pp. 215, 216, t. 18. fig. 7 (1836) '. .
Stenopola xanthochlora, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 4 (1897) *.

Hab. Panama, Forest of Rio Cianati, Darien ?.—Soutu AMerica, Brazil !.

This insect certainly occurs further to the northward along the Isthmus into Costa
Rica, where it should be looked for among the grasses growing about water, as the
margins of streams, swamps, and lakes or lagoons.

2. Stenopola limbatipennis, Stal.
— Stenopola (Oxyblepta) limbatipennis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 85 (1878) .
Stenopola limbatipennis, Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 154 (1906) ?.

Hab. Soutn America, Remedios in Colombia !, Trinidad ?.

HENIA, Giglio-Tos.
Henia, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. rio. 311, pp. 45, 55-56 (1898).

This genus of locusts, which is related to Stenopola and Cornops, is included on the
grounds that the majority of these subaquatic insects of the Tropics are generally more
widely distributed than are the forms which occur in localities away from aquatic
vegetation. Only a single species is known.

1. Henia frenata, Marschall.
Gryllus frenatus, Marsch. Ann. Wien. Mus. i. p. 212, t. 18. fig. 4 (1836) '. .
Henia frenata, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 56? (1898).

Hab. Sovran America, Don Diego, Colombia (H. H. Smith, in coll. Carnegie Museum),
Ecuador 2, Brazil.

There is scarcely any doubt about the Colombian specimen being referable to the
Gryllus frenatus of Marschall. It approaches very closely to Stenopola, but may be
sufficiently distinct to form a separate genus if we consider the external sculpturing
of the hind femora of generic value.

262 ORTHOPTERA.

CORNOPS, Scudder.

Cornops, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 276 (1875); Entom. Notes, no. 4, p. 30
(1875) ; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 45 (1898).

The genus Cornops is represented in “ Biologia” territory by at least one species.
Like the members of several other genera belonging to the same region, these locusts
are confined in their distribution to swampy or low wet ground at the margins of
ponds, lakes, and streams, where they live among aquatic and semiaquatic vegetation.

Synopsis of the Species of Cornops.
A’. General colour above in $ greenish-testaceous, in the $ grass-green; the
sides of thorax above, along with the costal margin and discal field of the
tegmina, black or rather strongly infuscated. [Island of Trinidad.] . [1. tnswlaris, sp. n. |
A’. General colour above grass-green, the sides of the thorax and the costal
and discal areas of the tegmina brownish or ferruginous—much darker
in the g. [Central America and Mexico.]. . . . . . . . . 2. seudderi, sp. n.

(1. Cornops insularis, sp. n.
? Cornops bivittatum, Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 154 (1906) *.

Very similar to, but larger than, Cornops bivittatum, Scudd., and differing from that insect in lacking the
black border to the labrum and the infuscation of the genicular portion of the hind femora. The antennz
of the 2 of the present species are ferruginous, instead of fuscous as in C. bevittatum, while in the ¢
they are nearly black. General colour above (@) greenish-testaceous on occiput of head and disc of
pronotum, on tegmina inclining to ferruginous, (¢) grass-green ; sides of head back of eyes, on the
upper half of pronotum and the meso- and metathorax, and the costal and discal areas of the tegmina in
the ¢ black, in the 9 the band on sides of head and thorax only narrowly black-lined, the costal and
discal areas of the tegmina ferruginous. Hind femora flavous tinged with green, the knees more or less
strongly washed with ferruginous and slightly marked with piceous; the tibie greenish, infuscated
apically, most strongly so in the ¢.

Length of body, ¢ 185, 2 29; of pronotum, ¢ 3°5, 2 5°6; of tegmina, 5 17, 9 25; of hind femora,
3 10°5, 2 15 millim.

Hab. Isuanp or Trinipap (H. D. Chipman, in coll. L. Bruner).

This is the insect that was doubtfully placed by the present writer! under
C. bivittatum, Scudder. |

2. Cornops scudderi, Bruner.
Cornops scudderi, Bruner, Ohio Naturalist, vii. pp. 12, 13 (1906) ’.

Since publishing the description of the ¢ insect a specimen of the 2 has been received. It is much more
uniformly green than the ¢, being but slightly marked along the sides of the head and the thorax by
the dusky band, and is also rather robust in body, with comparatively short wings, that extend but
little beyond the tips of the hind femora. Its measurements are as follows:—Length of body 26,
of pronotum 5:5, of tegmina 22, of hind femora 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tampico in Tamaulipas (col/. Ill. State Lab. Nat. Hist.); GuatEmata,
Puerto Barrios.

A pair of this species was taken at Tampico in the month of December.

TETRATANTIA.—COPIOCERA. 263

[TETRAT-ENTA, Stal.

Tetratenia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 34, 53 (1873) ; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 39 (1878) ; Giglio-Tos,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 811, p. 45 (1898).
? Kuparnops, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xxvii. p. 275 (1875).
This tropical genus ranges from Peru to the northern portions of South America
and contains several species. Only one of these is likely to occur within “ Biologia ”
territory.

1. Tetrateznia surinama, Linn.
Gryllus surinamus, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulric. ete. p. 146 (1864) *.
Acridium surinamum, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 671 (1839) *.
Tetratenia surinama, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 53 (1878) °.
Ommatolampis variegata, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. 2, p. 637 (1838) -
Acrydium variegatum, De Geer, Mém. iii. p. 500, t. 42. fig. 8 (1773) °.

Hab. Sours America, Surinam or Dutch Guiana 1-5, Brazil ®.

This insect may also be found in Venezuela and Colombia, in which case it would
probably extend to the Isthmus of Panama, since several other species of Guianan
locusts are similarly distributed. |

COPIOCERA, Burmeister.
Copiocera, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. 2, p. 611 (1838).

The insects which go to make up the present genus occur throughout the countries
of the northern half of South America and extreme southern North America. One
species inhabits Central America, while the other is found in the West Indies. They
may be separated as follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Copiocera.
A’, Smaller (length, 9, 37-38 mm.). Abdomen very bright blood-

red. Hind femora deep sanguineous internally . . . . . - ([l. erythrogastra, Perty. |
A®. Larger (length, 9, 45-48 mm.). Abdomen dull red. Hind
femora scarcely, if at all, sanguineous . . . . . » « « + 2 specularis, Gerst.

(1. Copiocera erythrogastra, Perty.
Xiphicera erythrogaster, Perty, Del. Anim. Art. Bras. p. 86, t. 24. fig. 2 (1830-34) -
Opsomala erythrogastra, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 589 (1839) *.
Copiocera erythrogastra, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. 2, p. 612 (1838) *. -
Hab. Sourn America, British Guiana (R. J. Crew), Trinidad (H. D. Chipman),

Brazil 1-3,

Probably the Gryllus euceros of Marschall [Ann. Wien. Mus. i, p. 216, t. 18. fig. 9
(1836)] is the male of this insect. If so, it should be added to the synonymy. |

264 ORTHOPTERA.

2. Copiocera specularis, Gerstaecker.

Copiocera specularis, Gerst. Mittheil. naturwiss. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm. Rigen, xx. p. 35 (1888) *;
Charakteristik einer Reihe bemerkens. Orthopt. no. 29, p. 77 (1888)7; Rehn, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 417, 418, figs. 17, 18°.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul and Limon (i. A. Carriker), San Carlos? ; Panama,
Chiriqui ! 2.

The specimens collected by Mr. Carriker are somewhat smaller than the measure-
ments given by Gerstaecker, but otherwise agree very well with his description of the
species.

EPISCOPOTETTIX, Rehn.
Episcopotettiz, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 13 (1902).

This genus, of which only a single species is known, seems to show affinities to both

Copiocera, Burm. (spine-characters), and Legua, Walk. (=Prorachthes, Gerst.) (vertex-
characters).

1. Episcopotettix sulcirostris, Rehn.
Episcopotettiv sulcirostris, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 13 (1902) ’.

Hab. Mexico} (coll. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.).

Described from a single male. A female specimen of this genus, or of a nearly
related one, is contained among a lot of South-American Orthoptera submitted to the
present writer by the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh for determination. Unfortunately
this latter specimen is without a locality-label.

EUCOPIOCERA, gen. nov.

Related to Copiocera, but differing from it in various respects, the chief of which are the longer and more
prominent vertex, the subensiform antenne, the greatly abbreviated tegmina and wings, and the non-
transverse prosternal spine.

General form of body cylindrical, moderately slender. Head elongate, the front straight and greatly oblique ;
the vertex wide, nearly as broad as the shortest diameter of one of the elongate eyes; the fastigium
gently elevated, a little more than twice as long in advance of the eyes as its greatest width, the apex
rounded, broadly but shallowly sulcate, and provided with a slender median and two coarser parallel
lateral carine that are continuous to the occiput, where they diverge and are somewhat interrupted
internally by coarse punctures ; outside of these lateral carine of the fastigium is an elongate depressed
area, which meets a similar area comprising the lateral foveole ; frontal costa continuous to the clypeus,
very narrow above, but gradually and evenly widening below, sulcate from a point midway between the
base of the antenne and apex of the fastigium; antenne as long as the hind femora, 20- or 21-jointed,
the basal joints depressed. Pronotum with the sides parallel, no lateral carine, the median carina
inconspicuous, present only in front and behind, anterior margin rounded, the hind edge sinuate, broadly
and angulately emarginate, lower lateral edges straight, the hind lobe very short, not more than one-
third the length of the anterior. Tegmina brachypterous, lateral, about three times as long as wide,
the apex subacuminate Hind femora slender, much shorter than the abdomen. The latter strongly
carinate; the last ventral segment elongate, acuminate; supra-anal plate rather small, the sides

EUCOPIOCERA.—PROCTOLABUS., 265

parallel on basal three-fifths, the apex produced, the middle longitudinally bicarinated and broadly
sulcate. Cerci short, about as long as broad at base, blunt, the apex rounded, marginal apophyses
small, black ; a small black tubercle immediately in advance of the base of the cerci, Prosternal spine
coarse, enlarged apically and slightly directed to the rear, the upper surface flattened. Inner edges of
the mesosternal lobes angulate, touching.

1. Kucopiocera rubripes, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 26, 26a, 6.)

General colour above brownish-testaceous, sides of face, lower edges of cheeks, lower edges of pronotum, and
mesopleur@ conspicuously streaked with creamy-white ; below pale testaceous. Antenne arising a little
in advance of the eyes, brownish-purple, save the immediate base, which is pale. Hind femora greenish
externally, reddish internally, the knees also red, as are the hind tibie and tarsi. Anterior and middle
legs olivaceous, the tibie and tarsi darkest.

Length of body, 5, 28; of antenne 12°5, of pronotum 3°95, of hind femora 12, of tegmina 4°15 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero, 8000 feet (H. H. Smith).

Only the type-specimen of this species has been examined. It was captured in July.

PROCTOLABUS, Saussure.

Ommatolampis (Proctolabus), Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 393 (1859) ; Thomas, Acrid.
N. Amer. p. 224 (1873).

Proctolabus, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 86 (1878) ; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Anat. Torino,

‘xiii. no. 811, p. 46 (1898).

The representatives of the genus Proctolabus, Sauss., seem to be confined to Mexico ;
at least this appears to be the case in so far as indicated by the material available for
study. Three or four species are at hand. They may be recognized by the annexed
table :—

Synopsis of the Species of Proctolabus.

A‘, Abdomen, together with the ¢ cerci, rather strongly tinged with
coral-red. Apex of the hind femora and base of the tibie black . 1. mexicanus, Sauss.
A®, Abdomen and cerci of the ¢ not tinged with red. The apex of the
hind femora at most a little infuscated internally.
b'. Tegmina fully developed in the ¢ (2 unknown), as long as the
abdomen. Hind femora internally and below coral-red ; the tibiz
dull green or olivaceous . . . woe ew ee we we QW Ggracilis, sp. n.
b>. Tegmina abbreviated, about one- half (3), or less than (¢?), the
length of the abdomen. Hind femora not red internally and
below, except at the apex; the tibie dullred . . . . . . . 38. brachypterus, sp. n.

1. Proctolabus mexicanus, Saussure.
Ommatolampis (Proctolabus) mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. xi. p. 893 (1859) -
? Proctolabus mexicanus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 533%.
Hab. Mexico, Toluca}, Guadalajara in Jalisco 2, Rio Cocula (0. W. Barrett).
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IT., May 1908. 2 Mu

266 ; ORTHOPTERA.

All the specimens examined by Mr. Rehn as indicated in his reference to this species
(loc. cit.) and by the present writer vary somewhat from the brief diagnosis given by
Saussure. It is barely possible that they may belong to still an additional species to
those under consideration in the present work.

2. Proctolabus gracilis, sp. n.

This insect is slightly smaller and much more graceful than the preceding species. It also differs from it in
having the pale longitudinal lateral line of the pleura continuous across the lower edges of the pronotum,
the cheeks, and along the anterior edges of the eyes to the base of the antenna. ‘The hind femora are
ferruginous externally and red énternally, with a pale testaceous, pregenicular fascia and slightly
infuscated knees. The supra-anal plate is broadly rounded apically and provided with four raised black
tubercles on the basal half, the outer ones being slightly transverse and situated at the termini and sides
of low, pale testaceous carine which border a shallow median sulcus. The cerci are rather strongly
toothed, and edged above and below with black. The abdomen is testaceous, and has its apex but
little enlarged.

Length of body, ¢, 20; of antenne 11:5, of pronotum 3, of tegmina 14, of hind femora 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero, 6000 feet (1. H. Smith).

This species approaches P. mexicanus, Sauss., quite closely in the structure of the
supra-anal plate, but otherwise seems to be very distinct. ‘The type was found in
August. |

3. Proctolabus brachypterus, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 19, 19a, 3; Dellia
mexicana, Tab. III. figg. 14, 14 a, 2.)

About as large as, or a trifle larger than, P. mevicanus, but differing from that insect in the much shorter
tegmina and wings, and in the absence of the reddish tinge on the abdomen and cerci. The present
species is also much more closely and profoundly punctate than is P. mexicanus, and the hind femora
have the upper and lower outer edges decidedly marked with pale testaceous or dirty white, at least in
the male. The hind femora of the other sex (2) show traces of dusky bands, both internally and
externally.

General colour of ¢ dull olive-green above, the anterior and middle legs, and the femora of the hind pair,
also olive-green ; pleura, lower half of sides of pronotum, cheeks below the eyes, and the face anterior
to the latter as far as the base of the antenna, dirty ivory-white; venter flavous; hind tibie dull
reddish-purple. The 9 is almost uniformly dull brown, with a slight tinge of olive on the tegmina and
pleura, and its antenne are faintly annulate with testaceous. The supra-anal plate of the ¢ lacks the
four raised tubercles present in both P. mexicanus and P. gracilis, while the tip of the cerci is slightly
emarginate, so as to give these members an appearance of being gently furcate.

Length of body, ¢ 23, 9 31; of pronotum, ¢ 3°35, 9 5; of tegmina, 3 @, 9-10; of hind femora,
g 11, 9 12-138 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tres Maries Is. [1 2] (Forrer), Jalisco [2 go ¢ and 1 2]
(Schumann).

It is hardly probable that the insects described as the sexes of P. brachypterus
could belong to distinct species, although the uniform brownish colour and traces of
fuscous thigh-bands in the female specimens are so different from the male coloration,
‘he Tres Marias Islands example also varies a little from the females coming from
Jalisco. The insects (¢ and @) from the latter locality are made the types of the
species P. brachypterus.

LEIOSCAPHEUS. 267

LEIOSCAPHEUS, gen. nov.

The genus Levoscapheus is composed of medium-sized locusts in which the prevailing colours are yellow and
green, sometimes inclining to bluish. These insects are related to Proctolabus, Sauss., and Anniceris,
Stal. They have the front moderately oblique, the eyes prominent, slightly longer than wide, the vertex
very narrow, only about one-half the width of the diameter of the basal antennal joints. The antenne
are long and slender, more than twice the combined length of the head and prothorax, and composed of
from 22 to 25 joints. Pronotum but little longer than wide, rapidly expanding on the hind lobe, which
is much shorter than the anterior one, roundly advanced.upon the occiput and frequently notched in the
middle ; the transverse sulci are broad and deeply impressed, while the hind margin is broadly rounded.
Tegmina and wings somewhat abbreviated, from two-thirds to four-fifths the length of the abdomen; the
former slightly corneous, and rather strongly and profusely veined. Hind femora neither especially robust
nor yet markedly slender, extending a trifle beyond the tip of the abdomen, anterior and middle femora
slender; hind tibize feebly spined, the number of spines varying from 2 to 7 externally and from 4 to 10
internally; the hind tarsi long and heavy, with the second joint slightly longer than the first, both the
tibiee and tarsi profusely set with long hairs. Valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, smooth and
unadorned, the apices acuminate.

At least three species of the genus Lgioscapheus are at hand, showing a distribution
from Southern Mexico to Costa Rica. It is unfortunate that there are no males
amongst the material studied. LL. gracilicornis may be considered the type of the

genus.

Synopsis of the Species of Leioscapheus.

A', Body and tegmina longitudinally striped with yellow and olivaceous-
green, or, sometimes, with a bluish tinge. Antenne unicolorous.
&'. Antenne very long and slender, fuscous or black. Insect rather
slender in form. [Costa Rica.] . . . 2 «© «© » « «© © © I. gracilicornis, sp. n.
6’, Antenne ferruginous, heavier and less elongate. Insect more
robust. [Vera Cruz, Yucatan.] . . . . . «© « + «© « «© 2 variegatus, sp. n.
A®. Body and tegmina not.longitudinally striped. The antenne distinctly
annulate with flavous or testaceous. [Guatemala.]. . . . . . 8. annulicornis, sp. n.

1. Leioscapheus gracilicornis, sp. n.

A moderately graceful, more or less glabrous insect, with long, slender antenne, which slightly exceed twice
the combined length of the head and the pronotum, and in which the hind tibie are dark plumbeous in
colour. Eyes brassy, large and prominent, only a little longer than broad, separated above by a space
equal to the diameter of the second antennal joint. Fastigium smooth, somewhat depressed, about as
long as its basal width and provided with a slight longitudinal sulcus; frontal costa plane and fairly
prominent between the antenne, below the ocellus nearly obliterated. Front sparsely but coarsely
punctate, the lateral carine heavy above and strongly divergent below, the cheeks also punctulate, the
space below the eyes a trifle more than one-half the length of the. latter; occiput short, bulging, also
more or less strongly punctured. Pronotum small, rather longer than broad, the posterior lobe only
about one-half the length of the smooth anterior lobe, profusely punctate ; transverse sulci profound, the
hind margin subangulate, the front border somewhat prominent, a little advanced upon the occiput and
faintly notched or emarginate at the middle. Tegmina closely veined and nearly as long as the abdomen,
gently tapering, the apex rounded, the costal field somewhat ampliate near the base. Abdomen slender
and gradually tapering, the valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, unarmed. Hind femora com-
paratively slender, nearly or quite reaching the apex of the abdomen; hind tibix slender, irregularly

2 Mm 2

268 ORTHOPTERA,

spined, the tarsi comparatively long and heavy, the second joint a little longer than the first and about
equal to the third.

General colour above very dark oil-green modified by flavous, below pale greenish-yellow, the latter tints
forming rather plain longitudinal bands on the disc of the pronotum and tegmina. Hind lobe of the’
pronotum and hind femora mostly dull ferruginous, the latter with the knees and a preapical band dusky.
Hind tibiee deep plumbeous, becoming paler at the sides towards the base. Antenne dark brown or dull
black, a few joints with very narrow pale tips, but scarcely noticeable to the unaided eye.

Length of body, 2, 18; of pronotum 3:15, of tegmina 11, of hind femora 10°5, of antenne 13 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker).

This insect must be a fairly common one, as several specimens were taken in
company with Anniceris meridionalis during a few minutes of casual collecting.

2. Leioscapheus variegatus, sp. n. (Anniceris variegata, Tab. III. figg. 15,
15 a, 2.) :

A somewhat larger and more robust species than the preceding. It differs from that insect also in being
lighter coloured, in having heavier antenne, longer wings, and a comparatively longer and more strongly
punctured pronotum, in which the transverse sulci are less profoundly impressed. The hind tibie and
tarsi, as well as the antenne, are more or less tinged with dull red, while the quadrivittate colour-
pattern of the whole insect is much more pronounced than in L. gracilicornis.

Length of body, 2, 23; of pronotum 4:4, of tegmina 14, of hind femora 13 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Schumann), Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).

Two females.

3. Leioscapheus annulicornis, sp. n.

Of about the same size and general structure as L. gracilicornis, but differing from it in having shorter
annulate antenne and in lacking the vittate markings of the pronotum and tegmina.

The general colour is dull olive-green, with a ferruginous tinge on the face, sides of the pronotum, mesothorax,
and the base of the anterior and middle legs. There is also a darker longitudinal median area on the
occiput and pronotum. The punctuation of the head and the pronotum is somewhat coarser and more
marked than in the species to which it has just been compared, while the surface is less glabrous than
in that insect,

Hab. Guatemaa, San Isidro, 1600 feet, Pacific slope (Champion).
The only specimen at hand is mutilated to the extent of lacking both hind legs.

ANNICERIS, Stal.
Anniceris, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 37 (1878).

While Anniceris was first characterized as a South-American genus, the material at
hand seems to indicate that it is also well represented north of the Isthmus of Panama
to at least as far as the State of Vera Cruz in Mexico. The centre of distribution,
however, appears to be in Costa Rica, where three species occur. The various forms,
so far as known, are very similar in size and general colour, the latter being dilute
olive-green. The different species may be separated by the annexed table. |

_ ANNICERIS.

Synopsis of the Species of Anniceris.
A’. Fastigium of the vertex strongly declivous.
6’. Genicular portion of the hind femora reddish; the tegmina about
as long as the pronotum. Hind tibie 6-spined externally .
6°, Genicular portion of the hind femora black ; the tegmina at least
half the length of the abdomen. Hind tibiz 7-spined externally.
A’. Fastigium of the vertex horizontal or subhorizontal.
bo’. Tegmina and wings almost twice the length of the pronotum, the

269

[1. geniculatus, Stal. |

2. viridulus, sp. 0.

tegmina with the radial veins on apical half black . . . . .. 3. nigrinervis, Stal.
6°. Tegmina and wings greatly abbreviated, little, if any, longer than
the pronotum, the tegmina of uniform colour throughout.
c’. Face without lateral carine . . . . . . .
c’, Face provided with more or less well-defined lateral carine.
ad’. Abdomen green or greenish, very similar in colour to the rest
of the insect. Genicular area of hind femora tinged with
ferruginous. . . 6. 2. ee 6 ew ee ew ew ew ee OB meridionalis, sp. n.
d?, Abdomen varicoloured, but not green or greenish.
e’. Knees of hind femora blackish, the femora robust. Abdomen
beneath cinnamon-brown .... . . . . . 6. truncatus, Rehn.
. Knees of hind femora deep verdigris-green, the femora more
slender. Abdomen beneath greenish-yellow, tip of abdo-
menred. . . 1. ee ee we ee ew we 6H. Qpicalis, sp. n.

4. olivaceus, Gig.-Tos.

(1. Anniceris geniculatus, Stal.

Anniceris geniculatus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 82 (1878) *.

Hab. Sour America, Peru !.

This species is included because it is the type of the genus, and not because it
is liable to be taken within the limits of the region covered by the present work. |

2. Anniceris viridulus, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 16, ¢; 17, 174, 2.)

General colour of legs, pronotum, and tegmina olivaceous. The oovipnt, cheeks, back of eyes, upper edges of

sides of pronotum, pleura, apex of hind femora, and apical portion of abdomen more or less varied with
black. Entire insect glabrous.

. Head prominent, considerably broader. than the front edge of the pronotum; eyes unusually large and

prominent, somewhat elongate, fully twice the length of the infra-ocular portion of the gens, separated
above by aspace scarcely as broad as the diameter of the elongate, filiform antenna, which are moderately
coarse as compared with those of either A. meridionalis or A. apicalis (infra) ; fastigium rather strongly
deflexed, faintly sulcate, truncate in front and separated from the frontal costa by a blunt transverse
carina ; frontal costa prominent above the ocellus only, gently and broadly sulcate at its upper extremity,
viewed laterally rounded between the antenne, below the ocellus rather indefinite ; face sparsely and
coarsely punctate, viewed in profile strongly oblique, the lateral carinew present, but blunt; antenne
coarse, nearly or quite twice as long as the head and pronotum taken together. Pronotum glabrous, the
anterior lobe but sparsely punctate, its sides nearly parallel; hind lobe shorter than the anterior one,
closely and finely punctured, expanding posteriorly ; the transverse sulci profound ; front margin rather
prominent, gently rounded and advanced in the middle upon the occiput, hind margin subangulate.

bo
I
fon)

ORTHOPTERA,

Tegmina more than half the length of the abdomen, the costal margin smoky-hyaline and narrowly
devoid of veins, the apex rounded. Wings somewhat infuscated, as long as the tegmina. Hind femora
only moderately robust, their greatest breadth about one-fifth of their length; the genicular lobes
acuminate; hind tibie rather strongly hirsute and provided externally with seven spines; hind tarsi
with the second joint four-fifths the length of the first. Cerci without any definite subapical teeth below,
but somewhat undulate.

Colour as described above, the additional detail as follows :—Antenne basally greenish, gradually becoming
darker apically, where they are brown, without annulation. Abdomen greenish-testaceous ; last dorsal
and posterior half of preceding segment, as well as the apical portion of two or three of the terminal
ventral segments and the border of the supra-anal plate and the tips of the cerci, strongly infuscated or
black. Hind tibie olivaceous, the spines black. .

Q. Fastigium of the vertex only gently depressed, narrowly suleate; antenne with the median joints
narrowly annulate with flavous at their points of articulation, basally green, the apical joint pale. Genz
of hind femora ferruginous. Median carina of pronotum plain throughout, most prominent on the
anterior lobe back of the “ collar.” Valves of the ovipositor slender, straight, without serration or apical
hook. Tegmina as long as the head and pronotum combined, their apices rounded and their dorsal edges
just touching.

Length of body, ¢ 16:5, 2 17:5; of pronotum, ¢ 3:1, 2 3°75; of tegmina, ¢ 7, 9 6:5; of hind femora,
3 10, 2 10°55 of antenne 12°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann: 3), Teapa in Tabasco (H. ZH.

Smith: 2).

One specimen from each locality, the male taken as the type.

3, Anniceris nigrinervis, Stal.
Anniceris nigrinervis, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 88 (1878) '.

Hab. Guatemata, Purula in Alta Vera Paz (Champion).—Sovurtn America,
Colombia },

A single female. The insect referred to this species is of the opposite sex from the
one described by Stal, but seems to fit in quite well with his characterization, although
somewhat faded in colour through immersion in alcohol. Its pronotum is unusually
smooth. The valves of the ovipositor are longer and more slender than usual and
black-bordered; the sixth and seventh ventral segments are bivittate with black
below, and the supra-anal plate and the last dorsal segments are likewise bordered
or marked with the same tint. The first and second segments of the hind tarsi are
equal in length, while the tibie are infuscated at the apex. In size it is about equal
to the same sex of the preceding species, but the tegmina and wings are somewhat
longer, measuring 8:25 mm. The antenne Jack the annulation as described for
A. viridulus, 2.

_ 4, Anniceris olivaceus, Giglio-Tos.
Anniceris olivaceus, Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 4 (1897)’.

Hab. Panama, Darien }.

No specimens of this species are at hand, but the description is sufficiently concise
to render, its recognition easy.

ANNICERIS. 271

5. Anniceris meridionalis, sp. n.

Similar in size and general colour to A. viridulus, but differing from that insect in its longer, annulate, more
slender antennez, the much shorter tegmina, in having pale (instead of blackish) genicular areas on the
hind femora, and in lacking the prominent black markings on the sides of the head and pronotum, as
well as those of the apical segments, supra-anal plate, and cerci of the tip of the male abdomen.

Colour pale olive-green, the sides of the head back of the eyes, pronotum above, and pleura narrowly
banded with darker olive; tip of abdomen, gene of hind femora, and hind tarsi somewhat tinted with
pale testaceo-ferruginous, the cerci of male only along the upper edge and apically infuscated. The
latter two-toothed on lower edge apically. Valves of female ovipositor much shorter and rather robust,
as compared with those of A. viridulus and A. niyrinervis, the edges gently crenulate, the apex a trifle
hooked and hardened for digging. .

Length of body, ¢ 14°5, 2 17; of pronotum, ¢ 2°95, 9 3°80; of tegmina, ¢ 3, 2 5°75; of hind femora,
3 9, 9 12; of antenne, ¢ 14°5, 9 11 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (MM. A. Carriker).

The tegmina and antenne of this species vary slightly in length in different
specimens from the same locality. |

6. Anniceris truncatus, Rehn.
Anniceris truncatus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 421, fig. 21°.

Hab. Costa Rica, Tarbaca! (C. F. Underwood).

Found in the month of November.

7. Anniceris apicalis, sp. n.

Most nearly related to the preceding (A. truncatus) than to any of the other species here enumerated and
described, but differing from it most markedly in the respects as set forth in the synoptic table given
above.

General form moderately slender, the antenne of the 3 rather heavy or coarse, nearly as long as the body,
the apical joint depressed and longitudinally sulcate above. Fastigium subhorizontal, in front truncate
and separated from the frontal costa by a prominent transverse carina; frontal costa prominent above,
where it is broadest and plane, with a few coarse punctures, below narrowing and gradually fading
away; lateral or facial carinew blunt, but apparent throughout; face irregularly and rather coarsely
punctate, the pronotum strongly and closely so. Transverse sulci of pronotum profound, Tegmina
strongly abbreviated, in the ¢ not attingent above, in the 9 the costal margins just touching.

General colour olive-green, flavous on sides of pronotum, pleura, and beneath; the head back of the eyes and
upper margin of sides of pronotum very dark olive-green, almost black on the head; apical segments of
abdomen red, the greater part of the last ventral segment of ¢ black, as well as the tips of the cerci
and the valves of the ovipositor, the latter with the margins and tips constructed for digging.

Length of body, ¢ 14°5, 2 17; of pronotum, ¢ 2°55, 2 3°5; of tegmina, g 4:25, 2 4°55; of hind femora,
g 9°35, 2 10 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José (C. F. Underwood).
Two males and three females, On account of the bright red apex of the abdomen
this is a beautiful insect.

272 ORTHOPTERA.

DELLIA, Stal.

Dellia, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, pp. 87, 83 (1878) ; Syst. Acrid. i.
pp. 37, 83 (1878); Brunner, Revis. Syst. Orthopt. p. 138 (1893); Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus.
Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 46 (1898); Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.
1905, p. 422.

A Tropical-American genus composed of several small to medium-sized and rather
strikingly-coloured locusts which live among the rank undergrowth in and about the
margins of forests and jungles. One or two of the species are more or less metallic
green or bronze in life, and produce a glittering effect as they hop about among the
luxuriant vegetation.

At least four species have thus far been described. They may be separated as
follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Dellia.
A’, Tegmina of moderate size and lateral. Apex of hind femora black.
b'. Larger (length, g,18mm.). Tegmina narrow. [Cuba]. . . . [1. insulana, Stal.]
6°. Smaller (length, ¢ —?, 2? 15°5 mm.). Tegmina oval. [Costa
Rica]. 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee
A’. Tegmina very minute or entirely absent. Apex of the hind femora
concolorous.
6. Anterior and median femora oil-green. Tip of ¢-abdomen not

2. ovatipennis, Rehn.

strongly recurved a 3. bimaculata, Rehn.
6°, Anterior and median femora largely carmine. Tip of ¢-abdomen

strongly recurved . . - 6 6 ee we ee ew ee ew A miniatula, Rehn.

[1. Dellia insulana, Stal.
Dellia insulana, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 83 (1878)’; Bolivar, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1888, p. 146°;
Orthopt. Cuba, p. 31 (1888) °; Gund]. Ent. Cub. ii. p. 344 (1890) *.

Hab. West Inptzs, Cuba !~4.]

2. Dellia ovatipennis, Rehn.
Dellia ovatipennis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 428-480, figg. 24, 27

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo }.

This species is in all probability most closely related to the preceding, which is the
type of the genus.

3. Dellia bimaculata, Rehn.
Dellia bimaculata, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 426-428, figg. 25, 26°.

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo }.

DELLIA.—COSCINEUTA. 973

4. Dellia miniatula, Rehn.
Dellia miniatula, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 423-426, figg. 22, 237.

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo1, Juan Vifias (L. Bruner).

This locust was common in some localities, where it was found during warm days
when the sun shown brightest, among ferns and other green foliage. The mature
males were so lustrous and gem-like as to suggest the generic name Lithoscirtus to the
present writer, who had not then recognized Stal’s genus Dellia.

COSCINEDTA, Stal.

Coscineuta, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 33 (1873); Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 4 (1897) ; xiii. no. 311, p. 46 (1898).

The genus Coscineuta belongs to Tropical America north of the equator, where the
few species are rather widely distributed, but apparently rare in individuals. ‘Two
somewhat distantly related forms belong to our territory. They may be known by the
characters mentioned below.

Synopsis of the Species of Coscineuta.

A’, Coxe of all three pairs of legs coral-red. Wings pale transparent blue.
[Panama and vicinity.] . Soe ee 1. coxalis, Serv.
A®, Coxe concolorous, green or olivaceous. Wings not blue.

6’. Hind tibise blood-red, their base and apex black, the two basal joints

of the hind tarsi olivaceous. ([Isl. of St. Bartholomew.] . . . . [2. virens, Thunb.]
6°. Hind tibie greenish-yellow, their base and apex tinged with red, the
hind tarsicoral-red. [Nicaragua] . .. . . . .. . . . 98. olivacea, sp. n.

1. Coscineuta coxalis, Serville. (Tab. III. fig. 12, 9.)

Acridium coxale, Serv. Hist. Orthopt. p. 672 (1889) *.

Coscineuta coxalis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 52 (1873)’; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 4 (1897) °.

Hab. CentraL America®; Istamus or Panama (fev. T. Heyde).

This is a most beautiful and strikingly-marked insect when not preserved in spirits.
The blood-red coxee and the regular dark bands on the base of the abdominal segments
must certainly render it very conspicuous in life.

{2. Coscineuta virens, Thunberg.
Gryllus virens, Thunb. Mém. Acad. Pétersb. v. p. 250 (1815) *; ix. p. 401 (1824) *.
Coscineuta virens, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 52, 53 (1873)’.
Hab. West Inviss, Island of St. Bartholomew 1~°. |
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1908. 2 Nn

274 ORTHOPTERA.

8. Coscineuta olivacea, sp. n. (Tab. III. fig. 13, 2.)

About the same size as C. cowalis and C. virens, but differing from them both in a number of respects. In
fact it might even be placed in a new genus, but for the present, at least, it will be permitted to remain
in Coscineuta.

General colour above brownish-olive with a tinge of ferruginous on the tegmina, paler beneath. The wings
for most part brick-red, with the apex and outer half of anal border clouded with smoky-brown. Legs
pale olive-green, the hind femora with their knees and the immediate base of the hind tibiw infuscated,
the latter greenish, becoming brownish apically ; the metatarsi red.

Vertex between the eyes gently depressed, shallowly sulcate, about as wide as the diameter of the basal
antennal joint; the fastigium nearly as long as wide, provided with a slightly raised and polished
transverse carina that separates the vertex from the frontal costa. The latter moderately prominent
above the ocellus and between the antennz, where it is provided with a few coarse punctures ; below the
ocellus contracted, much narrower and nearly obliterated. Lateral or facial carine rather strongly
divergent. Front and gene coarsely, deeply punctate. Eyes brassy, fairly prominent, a trifle longer
than broad and a little longer than that portion of the cheeks immediately beneath them. Occiput
short and rather strongly punctulate ina <-shaped pattern. Pronotum profusely and sparsely punctured,
without definite median carina; the anterior edge sinuate, roundly but shallowly emarginate at the
middle, hind edge obtusangulate; the transverse sulci moderately impressed, and the hind lobe about
one-fifth shorter than the anterior one. Tegmina and wings as long as the abdomen; the former of
moderate width, comparatively coarse-veined and with their apex rounded; the latter broad, and with the
apex docked and more or less undulate as in Chrysopsacris, Bruner, and Bactrophora, Westwood. Hind
femora robust, about as long as the abdomen, tibize 6-spined externally and 8-spined internally ; hind
tarsi with the second joint about two-thirds the length of the first, and together with the tibie rather
hirsute. Valves of the ovipositor with the apices slender and strongly hooked. Prosternal spine
pyramidal, acuminate. Antenne filiform, a trifle longer than the head and pronotum together, the two
apical joints a little paler than the preceding, which are brown or infuscated.

Length of body, 2, 27; of pronotum 6, of tegmina 19, of hind femora 14 millim.

Hab. Nicaracua, Chontales (Janson).

A single female specimen only has been received.

ZOSPERAMERUS, gen. nov.

A tropical genus composed of medium-sized, decidedly variegated locusts, with
prominent eyes, narrow vertex, strongly and profusely punctured pronotum, and long-
jointed hind tarsi. These insects are closely related to Bucephatacris, Gig.-Tos, on the
one side and to Chrysopsacris, Bruner, on the other. Only females are at hand and
but two species represented. One of these belongs to the fauna included in the present
work and the other comes from Para, Brazil. |

1, Zosperamerus zonatipes, sp.n. (Anniceris nicarague, Tab. III. fig. 18, 2 .)

Wood-brown, varied with paler and darker markings on head, pronotum, and femora, and characterized by the

very long-jointed, red and black hind tarsi, As the name implies, the legs, and especially the femora, are
alternately pale and dark banded.

Head a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short and but little inflated ; eyes large
and subglobular, their diameter considerably exceeding the length of the anterior edge of the cheeks
below them ; vertex between the upper edges of the eyes narrow, somewhat less than the diameter of the
basal antennal joint, depressed and gently sulcate anteriorly, the fastigium subhorizontal, about as long
as wide, its anterior edge separated from the frontal costa by a raised carina; the costa rather prominent

ZOSPERAMERUS.—ABILA. 275

and parallel between the antenne and plane; below the ocellus lower, narrower, and gently sulcate, the
sides a little divergent towards the clypeus. Face in profile somewhat oblique, gently punctate, the
lateral carine prominent, straight and slightly divergent downward. Antenne filiform, nearly one-half
longer than the combined length of the head and pronotum. The latter with the anterior lobe cylindrical,
the hind one divergent, the median carina visible throughout, severed by all three of the transverse sulci,
which are deeply impressed; anterior margin sinuate, slightly advanced upon the occiput and gently
emarginate at the middle, the hind margin above obtusangulate, the anterior lobe about one-fourth longer
than the hind lobe. Tegmina two-thirds the length of the abdomen, narrow, gently tapering and with
rounded apex, the basal portion coriaceous and closely veined, submembranous apically. Abdomen
slender, carinate above, and armed with slender but normally curved ovipositor-valves. Anterior and
intermediate femora slender, the posterior ones a trifle robust, nearly as long as the abdomen; the hind
tibie slender, armed externally with from 6 to 7 weak spines, internally with 8, their tarsi two-thirds as
long as the tibiz, the basal and middle joints about equal, the terminal joint a little longer, The tibie
and tarsi, along with the valves of the ovipositor, sparingly hirsute. Prosternal spine pyramidal, coarse,
blunt.

Face, cheeks, occiput, pronotum, and pleura, together with abdomen above, pale wood-brown or dull
testaceous barred and banded with dark brown and dull black. All the femora strongly, and the tibie
faintly, banded with flavous and fuscous. Beneath paler, antenne dark ferruginous,

Length of body, 2, 21:5; of pronotum 3-95, of tegmina 11:5, of hind femora 11 millim.

Hab. Nicaracva, Chontales (Janson).

This specimen was figured as an Anniceris, but the structure of the ovipositor, hind
tarsi, and other parts would remove it from that genus. The specific name zonatipes is
preferable to that of nicarague used on the Plate.

ABILA, Stal.

Abila, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 21 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, xiii. p. 46 (1898).

The genus Adila was erected for a South-American locust with rose-coloured hind
wings. Whether or not any true representatives of the genus occur north of the
Isthmus of Panama the writer cannot say. While examining the “ Biologia” material
an insect was encountered which seemed to belong to Abila, and not caring to establish
a new genus for this species it is so included here.

1. Abila(?) collaris, sp. n. (Tab. III. figg. 11, lla, 2.)

Above the medium in size; a uniformly dull, dark brownish-testaceous locust, with a conspicuous anterior collar
and the principal transverse sulcus of the pronotum shining black, otherwise unadorned. Wings smoky-
hyaline, with the costal margin brown and the principal veins infuscated.

9. Head enlarged, prominent, a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, occiput gently elongate and
somewhat rounded; the eyes elliptical, moderately prominent, strongly divergent, separated above by
a space equal to the width of the frontal costa between the antenne; fastigium of the vertex scarcely
separated from the vertex, very gently depressed, provided with a longitudinal carina, about as long as
broad, the anterior edge truncate and separated from the frontal costa by a prominent transverse carina ;
frontal costa a little prominent and broadest between the antenns, not sulcate, feebly punctate and
narrowed below the ocellus, growing fainter but reaching the clypeus. Antenne black, filiform, the
apical joints testaceous. Pronotum strongly and closely punctate, the lobes about equal in length, the
anterior one subcylindrical, a little tumescent at the sides, the hind one expanding; front edge rather

2 Nn 2

bo
I
o>

ORTHOPTERA.

prominent and roundly advanced upon the occiput, hind margin obtusangulate, the median carina visible
throughout but faint, lateral carinze wanting, the sides of the hind lobe being provided with blunt
shoulders ; transverse sulci profound, continuous. The anterior edge or collar separated from the rest of
the lobe by a deep stricture that appears as if impressed by a tightly drawn string. Pleura of meso- and
metathorax strongly and closely punctate. Tegmina and wings complete, the former semi-membranous,
rather strongly but sparsely veined, a little longer than the abdomen, the apex rounded ; wings vitreous,
shiny. Hind femora only moderately robust, the carine heavy but low, the upper one scarcely
tuberculate, the pagination of outer face close and strongly oblique. Hind tibiw noticeably shorter than
the femora, robust, with short, strong, entirely black spines, nine on each margin, the outer apical one
present but minute. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes strongly transverse, the inner edge of the
lobes rounded; metasternal space nearly as wide as long. Prosternal spine pyramidal, coarse. Valves
of the ovipositor large, exserted, the apices strongly hooked. Second joint of hind tarsi scarcely two-
thirds as long as the first.
Length of body, 9, 42; of pronotum 7:2, of tegmina 34, of hind femora 19, of hind tibie 15°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Valladolid in Yucatan (Gaumer).

A single female. A second individual is before me as I write ; it comes from Brazil
and seems to differ sufficiently to constitute another species, and the two together a
separate genus from Adila (vide antead).

PSILOTETTIX, gen. nov.

The insects comprising this genus are rather small, short-bodied, but very robust, entirely apterous, with the
surface throughout rugose, punctate. The head is about as broad as high, though somewhat narrower
than the front edge of the pronotum, into which it is set nearly to the eyes; occiput not ascending, rather
flat, provided with a median longitudinal carina and a broad depression in front and just back of the
upper points of the eyes; the latter of medium size and prominence, rounded behind, nearly straight
in front; the vertex moderately wide, but not quite so broad as the frontal costa between the antenna,
separated from the occipital pit by a blunt transverse ridge and provided with rather strong lateral walls ;
the fastigium depressed, broadly and gently sulcate, twice as wide as long, truncate in front; frontal
costa moderately prominent between the antenne, where it is broadest, a little narrowed both above and
below, continuous to the clypeus, in nowise sulcate, save a gentle depression at the ocellus; face viewed
laterally broadly arcuate, the lateral carine strongly divergent below ; antenne about 18-jointed, short,
rather heavy, the joints a little depressed, especially apically and thereby giving to them a semi- clavate
appearance. Pronotum gently tectate, evenly expanding posteriorly, the median and lateral carine well-
defined, front and hind borders of disc straight, the transverse sulci very faint, two in number; posterior
lobe very short, less than one-half the length of the anterior one. Hind femora moderately robust at
base, gently tapering, the genicular portion small; hind tibie short and fairly heavy, 7-spined externally,
9-spined internally. Prosternal spine coarse, broadly transverse, the mesosternal space transverse, the
edges straight, metasternal space somewhat longer than wide. Valves of ovipositor rather small but
distinctly hooked, well obtected. Auditory apparatus quite conspicuous, nearly circular.

1. Psilotettix obesus, sp.n. (Tab. IV. figg. 12, 12a, 2.)

General colour (after immersion in alcohol) very pale testaceous, with a small dash of brown or piceous on
sides of head back of eyes and on front edge of sides of pronotum, and an oblique dash on the outer side
and two patches on the inner side of the hind femora, the latter also having the lower edge more or less
infuscated between the lower carina and inferior margin of the outer face, as well as apically, in the
sulcus. The genicular lunules are piceous. Besides these, there are a number of large blackish
punctures scattered over the insect generally, giving it a mottled appearance.

Length of body, 2, 16; of pronotum 4, of hind femora 10, width of metathorax 6 millim.

PSILOTETTIX.—PHAOPARIA. 277

Hab. Mexico, “ Sierra Laguna” (Gustav Eisen, in Mus. Calif. Acad. Nat. Sciences).

The only mature example of this insect at hand was preserved in spirits, hence it is
difficult to positively state as to the tint of the living insect or even of ordinary
cabinet-specimens. The locality ‘“‘Sierra Laguna” is not given in the reference-books
at hand and is only surmised to be in Mexico, since the specimen was contained among
others taken in the States of Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Sonora.

ARISTIA, Stal.
Aristia, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. iv. no. 5, p. 54 (1876) ; v. no. 4, p. 21
(1878) ; Gigho-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zcol. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. p. 46 (1898).

The present genus is introduced here on the strength of a single species from Costa
Rica that appears to be somewhat aberrant in its general structure and appearance, as
will be seen from an examination of the description of A. depressicornis which follows.
Apart from this species, however, Aristia should reach Central America in one or two
other forms which belong to northern South America, where several representatives of
the genus are not at all uncommon.

1. Aristia depressicornis, sp. n.

The insect here described, although still in the nymph state, is sufficiently developed to prove that it is
distinct from all of the described forms. ‘The wings and tegmina are sufficiently large to indicate that
the imago is nearly or quite macropterous. The structure of its antenne is such as to show that they
are ensiform or subensiform, or at least that these organs have the basal joints strongly depressed in the
imago. The sides of the head, pronotum, pleura, and abdomen are piceous; the face, fastigium, occiput,
disc of pronotum, tegmina, and dorsum of abdomen ferruginous. The disc of the pronotum is provided
with a number of small black tubercles, in addition to the four large ones near the front edge of the
anterior lobe. The front margin is strongly sinuose or emarginate. Head high, but not wider than the
front edge of pronotum, the occiput somewhat ascending, nearly as long as the pronotum, viewed from
the side rather strongly oblique, the frontal costa strongly produced between the base of the antennae.
Hind tibis provided with a rather prominent apical spine on the outer margin. Face, sides of head, and
pronotum rugosely punctate and wrinkled.

Hab. Costa Rica, Juan Vifias (L. Bruner).

A single immature specimen found in March.

PHAOPARIA, Stal.
Pheoparia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. 1. pp. 35, 56 (1873); Syst. Acrid. i. pp. 21, 57 (1878) ;
Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 46 (1898).

The various representatives of the present genus are distributed over the northern
portion of South America and the southern countries of Central America. They may'
be found among the faJlen leaves and the lower shrubs and herbage growing in and at
the margins of forests and groves. At least four species belong to, or may be looked

278 ORTHOPTERA,

for in, the territory covered by the present treatise. They may be recognized by
the characters given in the subjoined table.

Synopsis of the Species of Pheeoparia.
A’, Antenne narrowly subensiform. Tegmina lacking the fuscous or
black maculations. Ocelli large. |
6’. Tegmina marked behind the middle by an interrupted oblique
transverse white band . . . . wee ew ws 6 EL. inea-alba, Linn.]
bo’, Tegmina without the transverse white band . ee we ss) «6[2. castanea, Brunner. |
A?, Antenne more slender, linear or sublinear. Tegmina usually
maculate. Ocelli small.
bo’. Fastigium of the vertex gently declivous.
c’. Apical joints of the maxillary palpi very distinctly depressed
and ampliate. The antenne longer. |
ad’. Tegmina with the apex obliquely truncate, the disc pro-
vided with fuscous maculations on the basal part . . . 3. annulicornis, Stal.
d’. Tegmina with the apex rounded, the disc without the
fuscous maculations . ... . oe ~ ee « 4 rotundata, Stal.
ce’, Apical joints of the maxillary palpi not depressed or ampliate.
d’. Tegmina fusco-nebulous and provided with two or three
dark maculations, the apex obliquely truncate. Wings

dilute cimnabar «ww 1 ww ee ww ew eh «S maculipennis, Stal,
ad’. Tegmina castaneous, without maculations and with the

apex rounded . . .. . . ~ . . « « [6. tmmaculata, sp. n.]
6°, Fastigium of the vertex very strongly declivous. The tegmina
greatly abbreviated. General colour green. . . . . . . ([7. emarginata, Stal.]

[1. Pheoparia linea-alba, Linn.
Gryllus (Locusta) linea-alba, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulric. p. 150 (1764) '.
Pheoparia linea-alba, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 57 (1878) * ; Syst Acrid. i. p. 57 (1878) *.
Truzxalis sanguineus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. Pétersb. v. p. 270 (1815)*; N. Act. Ups. ix. p. 80
(1827) °.

Hab.

2 1-5,

This species is undoubtedly the type of the genus and may occur within the territory
embraced in the present volume. |

(2. Pheoparia castanea, Brunner.
Opomala castanea, Brunner, Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xi. p. 225 (1861) '
Pheoparia castanea, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 57 (1878) *.

Hab. DutcH Guiana, Paramaribo 1-2.)

PHAZOPARIA, 279

3. Phzoparia annulicornis, Stal. .
Pheoparia annulicornis, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 57 (1873) *; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 57 (1878) *,

Hab. Coromsta ! 2,

Probably extends to the Isthmus of Panama.

4, Pheoparia rotundata, Stal.
Pheoparia rotundata, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 57 (1878)*; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, xii. no. 801, p. 5 (1897) ”.

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui}, Darien 2.

5. Pheoparia maculipennis, Stal.
Pheoparia maculipennis, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 58 (1878)*; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Comp. Torino, xii. no. 301, p. 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Panama, Darien ?.—Cotomesia !.

Specimens of what are apparently this species coming from Northern Colombia have
been examined by the present writer. They are contained in the collections of the
Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh. The collector was H. H. Smith,

[6. Pheoparia immaculata, sp. n.

Most nearly related to P. annulicornis, Stl, in size and general appearance, but differing from that insect in
a number of points, as will be seen by an examination of the following description :—

Head rather large, a little wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput elongate and somewhat
ascending ; eyes not unusually prominent, nearly twice as long as their extreme width; the vertex
depressed, about as long as wide, moderately deeply sulcate; frontal costa sulcate throughout, a little
wider above than below the ocellus, the upper portion most prominent. Face viewed laterally nearly
straight, about as long below as above the base of the clypeus. Antenne rather heavy, elongate,
reaching nearly or quite to the base of the hind. femora, the joints more or less depressed, in nowise
ensiform or subensiform. Pronotum somewhat contracted laterally a little in advance of the middle, the
anterior edge faintly but broadly emarginate, the hind margin obtusangulate, the surface on the disc
closely but shallowly punctate, on the sides more coarsely so. General colour dark ferrugineo-brunneous,
sides of head and pronotum fusco-piceous. Tegmina a little shorter than the abdomen, immaculate, but
with the dorsal field pale flavo-testaceous, as is also the disc of the pronotum and the occiput for an
equal width. The face is likewise of this same pale colour, but the labrum in the centre is piceous ;
maxillary palpi pale, the apical joint somewhat depressed. Antenne at base testaceous, the rest black,
with the exception of two paler annuli beyond the middle. Hind femora extendiny one-third of their
length beyond the tip of the abdomen, rather slender, dark brown, almost black, with some patches of
dark ferruginous externally and ruddy internally near the base ; hind tibie strongly infuscated, 8-spined
on outer carina. Lower surface of body and apical portion of abdomen above pale rufo-castaneous.
Supra-anal plate elongate-triangular in general form, with the apex rounded, the lateral edges interrupted
and sinuose at their middle and beyond, the disc provided with a median raised oblong process and two
lateral wart-like tubercles, the latter situated just opposite the interruption in the two lateral margins.
Anal cerci elongate, slender, directed backwards and roundly curved inwards on apical half, provided

with a slight tooth-like process inwardly near the apex.
Length of body, ¢, 21; of antennae 12, of pronotum 4:15, of tegmina 13, of hind femora 15 millim.

Hab. British Guiana, Bartica, Demerara (2. J. Crew, in coll, L. Bruner).

280 ORTHOPTERA.

A single male. Although this species was taken in a region distantly removed from
Central America, its close relationship to P. rotundata of St&l would indicate that it
might also be looked for in this latter country. |

[7. Pheoparia emarginata, Stal.
Pheoparia emarginata, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 59 (1878) *.

Hab. VENEZUELA, Puerto Cabello !.

This insect should also occur further to the westward, and in all probability as far
along the Isthmus as Southern Costa Rica, as do quite a number of other tropical
locusts. |

OMALOTETTIX, Bruner.

Jodacris, Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xi. no. 302, p. 82 (1897) (part.).

? Jodacris, Bruner, Second Rep. Merchants’ Locust Invest. Comm. Buenos Aires, pp. 66-68
(1900).

Omalotettiz, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. pp. 643, 672 (1906).

The present genus is composed of medium-sized, inconspicuously-coloured locusts
that live in forests, where they occur among fallen leaves and on the stems of plants.
At least six or eight well-marked forms have been examined by the present writer,
while looking over collections of locusts coming from Tropical-American countries.
One or two of these are known to belong to “ Biologia” territory. Some of the
others may be found later also to inhabit the same region, as they seem to be rather
widely distributed.

Synopsis of the Species of Omalotettix.

A’. Hind femora with the lower edge and sulcus more or less
decidedly infuscated or blackened, and their upper edge and
outer disc more or less fasciate.
6. Smaller (length, ¢ 13-15 mm., ? 19 mm.). Hind femora
provided with a conspicuous patch on the outer face . . . 38. signatipes, Bruner.
b’. Larger (length, ¢ 16-20 mm., ? 19-24 mm.). Hind femora
either without fuscous bands or with the bands continuous
with those across the upper edge.
ce. Hind femora with the basal fuscous oblique band well
defined and continuous. [Brazil, Brit. Guiana] . . . [2. meridionalis, sp. n.]
c. Hind femora with the basal band more or less obliterated
on the outer face.
d‘. Males and females nearly equal in size, the former
20 mm., the latter 24 mm. in length. [Brazil]. . . [4. chapadensis, sp. n.]
d’, The sexes unequal in size, ¢ 17 mm., 2? 21 mm. in
length. ©. 2. 2. 6 ew ee ee we we 1 nebulosa, Bruner.

OMALOTETTIX. 281

A’. Hind femora with the lower outer edge and sulcus pallid, the
upper edge and outer face only faintly fasciate.
6’. Darker, varying from wood-brown to brunneo-ferruginous, not
at all or but faintly conspersed with fuscous. [S.America.]. [5. ceruleipennis, Bruner. |
6’. Lighter, varying from testaceous to brunneo-cinereous, pro-
fusely conspersed throughout with fuscous. [Brazil.] . . [6. conspersipennis, sp. n.]

1. Omalotettix nebulosa, Bruner.

Jodacris (?) nebulosa, Bruner, Second Rep. Merchants’ Locust Invest. Comm. Buenos Aires, p. 67
(1900) *. .

Omalotettiz nebulosus, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 673 (1906) *.

Jodacris ferruginea, Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xii. no. 184, pp. 32-33

(1897) (part.) °.
Hab. ? Mexico.—Souta America, ? Colombia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina.

A single female specimen of this genus is at hand from the Dept. of Magdalena,
Colombia, which I am inclined to refer to O. nebulosa, although it differs from that
species in several respects. A couple of examples from the State of Guerrero, Mexico,
also approach O. nebulosa more closely than they do O. signatipes.

(2. Omalotettix meridionalis, sp. n.

This species is somewhat larger than O. nebulosa and O. signatipes, and is characterized chiefly by the
elongate tegmina and wings and the very conspicuous, oblique, fuscous basal band of the outer face of
the hind femora. In colour it is quite strongly tinged with ferruginous.

Length of body, ¢ 17:5, 2 24; of pronotum, ¢ 3:4, 2 425; of tegmina, J 18, 2 24; of hind femora,
3 10, 9 12°5 millim.

Hab. British Guiana, Demerara; Brazit, Chapada.

Specimens of the two sexes are at hand from both localities given above. The
insect surely enjoys a sufficiently wide known distribution to permit of its reaching the

Isthmus of Panama. |

3. Omalotettix signatipes, Bruner.
Omalotettix signatipes, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 673 (1906) ’.

Hab. Mexico, Acapulco in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Temax and Valladolid in
Yucatan (Gaumer).—Sovtn America, Paraguay and Brazil!. |

The specimens of this species from different localities vary somewhat in size and
colour, but not sufficiently so to warrant their separation into distinct species or even
varieties. Found at Acapulco in September.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., May 1908. 2 Oo

282 ORTHOPTERA.

[4. Omalotettix chapadensis, sp. n.

The characters given in the synoptic table, together with the more elongate cerci of the males, will enable one
to recognize the species should it be found to occur in our region.

Hab. 8. Brazit, Chapada. |

[5. Omalotettix czeruleipennis, Bruner.
Jodacris (?) ceruleipennis, Bruner, Locusts of Argentina, p. 68 (1900) ’.
Omalotettix ceruleipennis, Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. pp. 673, 674 (1906) *.

Hab. Sourn America, Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil !~?.

Both the present species and O. conspersipennis, which is briefly characterized in
the synoptic table as No. 6, seem to be more restricted in their distribution and may
not reach Central America. |

CHRYSOPSACRIS, gen. nov.

The present genus is based on several species of medium-sized tropical locusts that
occur in portions of northern South and Central-American countries, Gryl/us bucephalus,
Marschall, being taken as the type. As will be seen by an examination of the
synonymy and remarks given under C. bucephala, some confusion seems to have arisen
as to which of several insects is the one that was described by Marschall.

The generic characters are given in the synoptic table of the genera of the subfamily
Acridiine on page 215, and in connection with the description of C. atrocephala which
follows.

Synopsis of the Species of Chrysopsacris.
A’. Prevailing colour of insect testaceous, ferruginous, and fuscous.
The tegmina and wings of males nearly as long as the abdomen.

b’. Sides of head below the eyes and lower half of pronotum pallid.

| Tegmina conspersed with fuscous; the hind femora plainly
fasciate . . ee we ee ee ee ee we ee ee 1 bucephala, Marsch.

b?. Sides of head below the eyes and lower half of pronotum con-

colorous. ‘T'egmina immaculate ; the hind femora ferruginous,

without transverse bands. . . . . . . . + © «© « © ~~ [2 atrocephala, sp. n.]
A’. Prevailing colour of insect green. The tegmina and wings of the
males two-fifths the length of the abdomen . .. .. . . . 8. costaricensis, Rehn.

1. Chrysopsacris bucephala, Marschall.

Gryllus bucephalus, Marschall, Ann. Wien. Mus. 1. p. 217, t. 18. fig. 9 (3) (1836) '.

[Nec Bucephalacris bucephala, Gig.-Tos, Zool. Jahrb. vii. p. 813 (1895) ; Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat.
Somp. Torino, ix. no. 184, pp. 80, 31 (1897). ]

Hab. Sourn America, British Guiana (coll. L. Bruner); Braziut. —

CHRYSOPSACRIS. 283

Specimens of an insect in the present writer’s collection have been determined as
Marschall’s Gryllus bucephalus. “While there can be but little doubt as to their
identity, they are certainly not even congeneric with the insect which Dr. Giglio-Tos
had before him when he diagnosed his genus Bucephalacris, on what he supposed was
Marschall’s species. This insect of Giglio-Tos’ has characters which place it near
Anniceris and Proctolabus. Ours, on the other hand, falls near Jodacris and
Omalotettix. Since a second species of the genus which occurs in Costa Rica is also
found in company with the present insect in British Guiana and Venezuela, it is more
than likely that the range of C. bucephala will be found to extend at least to Panama.

[2. Chrysopsacris atrocephala, sp. n.

Of about the same size as that of the male of C. bucephala (Gryllus bucephalus, Marsch.), but differing from
that species in the absence of all markings on the tegmina and legs, and especially on the hind femora.

Eyes large and prominent, suborbicular, a little longer than that portion of the cheeks below them; vertex
between the eyes very narrow, about as wide as the diameter of the second antennal joint, linearly
sulcate, the portion in advance horizontal, short, shallowly sulcate; face rugose and coarsely punctate,
the frontal costa prominent between the base of the antenne and shallowly sulcate and coarsely punctate,
nearly as broad again as the width of the vertex, contracting below the ocellus and fading towards the
clypeus ; lateral facial carine but little divergent below, well-defined and coarse. Antenne linear,
coarse, a trifle longer than the hind femora, the basal joint large and fully twice the width of the
vertex. Occiput short, shallowly bifoveolate laterally. Pronotum rather short, subcylindrical, without
lateral carine, the surface rugoso-punctate, the transverse sulci rather profound, anterior lobe considerably
longer than the hind one, the anterior edge a little rounded, the posterior edge obtusely angulate.
Tegmina a little shorter than the abdomen, narrowed towards the apex, which is rounded, sparsely veined.
Wings broad, blunt at the apex. Hind femora moderately robust, extending about one-third of their
length beyond the apex of the abdomen. Hind tibie 7-spined in outer row. Third joint of the hind
tarsi long and provided with long and strong claws. Abdomen short, fairly slender, the last ventral
segment short and prow-shaped ; the supra-anal plate simple, roundly triangulate, broadly and shallowly
suleate. Cerci rather stout, sub-pyramidal, a little longer than the basal width, with a stout internal
basal tooth. Prosternal spine rather short, acuminate. Legs and abdomen hirsute.

The insect is coloured as follows :—Antenne shining black; head dull brown-black, tinged with olive- green
below the eyes, the latter ferrugineo-testaceous with a brassy tinge; pronotum brownish-testaceous, the
pleura, abdomen, and pectus with a more ferruginous tinge; tegmina immaculate, brown, with testaceous
nervures ; wings deep blue, save the costal margin and apex, which are fuliginous. Hind femora vinous,
the tibize infuscated apically; anterior and middle femora and tibiee greenish, the tarsi tinged with dark
ferruginous. .

Length of body, 3,16; of antenne 12°5, of pronotum 3-5, of tegmina 10°5, of hind femora 11 millim.

Hab. British Guiana, Demerara (coll. L. Bruner), Bartica (coll. P. A. N. S.).

Two males from each locality. The type was collected by R. J. Crew during the
late winter and early spring of 1901.|

3. Chrysopsacris costaricensis, Rehn.
Jodacris (?) costaricensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 480-433, figs. 28, 29°.

Hab. Costa Rica}, Pozo Azul (4. A. Carriker).—British Guiana, Demerara (coll,
L. Bruner).
2 Oo 2

284 ORTHOPTERA.

Two males and one female from Demerara are before me. The Costa Rican
specimen, a female, in the present writer’s collection, is a little more slender than the
example of the same sex coming from the Guiana locality, but does not appear to be
greatly different otherwise.

[CALETES, Redtenbacher.
Caletes, Redt. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, pp. 209, 210; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 47 (1898).
Caletes is somewhat. closely related to Vilerna, Stal, and as the genus may be found
to extend to Panama it is necessary to notice it here.

1. Caletes apterus, Redt.
Caletes apterus, Redt. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1892, p. 210, t. 16. figg. lla, 5°; Brunner, ib. 1893,
p. 606’.
Hab. West Inpiss, St. Vincent 1, Grenada ? (Broadway). |

CLEMATODES, Scudder.
Clematodes, Scudd. Journ. N. York Ent. Soe. viii. p. 213 (1900).
This is another genus allied to Vilerna. It occurs in Northern Mexico and the
South-western United States, where the only representative, as far as known, lives
upon a species of Larrea that grows profusely over much of that arid region.

1. Clematodes larrew, Scudder. (Tab. IV. figg. 1, ¢ ; 2, 2.)
Clematodes larree, Scudd. Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. viii. pp. 218, 214 (1900) ’.
Hab. Nortu America, New Mexico !.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo in Durango, Comancho
in Zacatecas (L. Bruner).

In some of its characteristics this insect reminds one of the different members of
the Pyrgomorphid-genus Calamacris (Atyphoscirtus), which occurs in similarly dry
places. It also bears a strong resemblance to the African and Madagascar genus
Geloius, several species of which are known from the arid regions of those countries.

VILERNA, Stal.
Acridium in part.
Vilerna, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 38, 71 (1873); Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 47 (1898).

The genus Vilerna includes a number of medium-sized, more or less rugose, brownish
locusts that inhabit Tropical-American countries from Central Mexico to Northern
Argentina. Some of the so-called species merge into one another to such an extent
as to render their separation somewhat difficult and uncertain. Two or three of them
belong to our region.

VILERNA. 285

Synopsis of the Species of Vilerna.
A', Tegmina and wings fully developed, as long as (2) or longer than (3)
the abdomen.
b.. Larger (length, ¢ 20, ? 28 mm.). Greyish-fuscous, the sides of
the head back of eyes and upper half of deflexed lobes of the pro-
notum strongly piceous. . . se ee ew ew ee ee he) CL @neo-oculata, De G.
6’, Smaller (length, ¢ 17, 2 24 mm.) Brunneo-ferruginous, the sides
of head and upper half of sides of pronotum lightly infuscated. . 2. pygmea, Sauss.
A’, Tegmina and wings greatly abbreviated, lobiform, and lateral . . . 38. reducta, Brunner.

1. Vilerna exneo-oculata, De Geer.
Acrydium eneo-oculatum, De G. Mém. iii. p. 502, t. 42. fig. 11 (1773) "; Ed. Goeze, ili. p. 327, t. 42.
fig. 11 (1780) °.
Vilerna e@neo-oculata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 71 (1873) *; Bruner, Ohio Naturalist, vu. p. 13
(1906) ‘.
Acridium sanguinipes, Oliv. Enc. Méth., Ins. vi. p. 231, no. 69 (1791) ’.
Calliptamus sanguinipes, Serv. Rev. Orthopt. p. 93 (1881) °.
~ Hab. Mexico, Yucatan (Gaumer, coll. L. Bruner); Guatemara® ; Costa Rica (J. A.
Carriker, L. Bruner); Panama, Darien (Giglio-Tos, coll. 8S. H. Scudder). — Soutu
America!~4, Trinidad; West Inpizs, Grenada and St. Vincent.

Specimens of this insect coming from the vicinity of the Isthmus of Panama and
from Guatemala are somewhat more robust and have shorter wings than those obtained
from the West Indies and the adjoining portions of South America. In this respect
they approach the females of the next species. |

2. Vilerna pygmea, Saussure. (Tab. III. figg. 22, ¢ ; 23, 23a, 2.)
Xiphicera pygmea, Sauss. Rev. Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 156'; Orthopt. nov. Amer. ii. p. 6 (1861) ’;
Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iii. pp. 520, 597 (1870) °.
Vilerna pygmea, Bruner, in litt.
_ Hab. Mexico !~%, Vera Cruz (Rev. Heyde), Cordova (L. Bruner), Orizaba (L. Bruner
and H. Osborn).

This species was found to occur in and about the margins of forests, where it could
be taken among the fallen leaves and on the trunks of trees near the ground. Saussure’s
type, which is in the collection of the Geneva Museum, has been examined by the
present author. It was obtained at Orizaba.

3. Vilerna reducta, Brunner.
Vilerna reducta, Brunn. Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 256, t. 3. figg. 2, 2a (1900) °.

_ Hab. Cotomsia, La Dorada on the middle Rio Magdalena'.

286 ORTHOPTERA.

This insect most likely occurs further to the northward along the Isthmus, at least
into Southern Costa Rica *.

* APTOCERAS, gen. nov.

Related to Vilerna and Caletodes, but differing from both of them in the more acuminate fastigium of the
vertex, the longer, somewhat nodulose antenna, the slightly shorter hind femora, and the narrower
tegmina. The most noticeable feature, however, in the single species at hand, is a cluster of small,
prominent, pearly granules or papilla on the metapleura and outer face of the hind femora.

1. Aptoceras margaritatus, sp. n.

A medium-sized locust, with sub-horizontal acuminate vertex and heavy nodulose antennz, narrow, somewhat
abbreviated tegmina and wings, and a cluster of small pearly spots on the meso- and metapleura, as well
as on the outer face of the hind femora.

Head slightly wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short and slightly ascending ; eyes large,
prominent, a little longer than broad, separated above by a space equal to the width of the frontal costa
between the base of the antenne; vertex somewhat ascending anteriorly, a little longer than its greatest
width, sulcate from a point in front of the occiput where the median carina of the latter terminates, this
sulcature bordered on the sides by a pair of heavy blunt carine that diverge anteriorly to a point midway
between the front edge of the eyes and the apex of the fastigium and opposite lateral acuminate lobes,
these latter giving to the fastigium a tricuspidate appearance. Frontal costa very prominent between
the antennx, viewed laterally rounded; broadly and quite deeply sulcate to the ocellus, below which
point it is nearly obliterated—being represented only by two or three pairs of elongate nodules arranged
down the middle of the face. Lateral or facial carinze more or less interrupted, but parallel. Face
viewed in profile broadly concave. Clypeus and labrum moderately large, quadrilobate; palpi very
heavy, the apical joint somewhat depressed, oval. Antenne 14- or 15-jointed, nearly as long as the
hind femora, very coarse and nodulose, the basal joints somewhat depressed. Pronotum rugose, a little
broader behind than in front, without lateral carinw, but furnished on the upper edge of the lateral lobes
with a rather large protuberance on each side between the hind and middle transverse sulci, a second
and smaller one in advance of the middle sulci and lower down, while a still smaller one is present on
each side of the disc a short distance back of the anterior edge; the median carina is transformed into
a series of four elongate tubercles; anterior edge very broadly rounded, hind margin also rounded,
but with the centre of the disc angularly produced, the angle slightly obtuse. Tegmina and wings
somewhat abbreviated, the former rather narrow, with prominent longitudinal veins and but few cross-
veins, their apices rounded; wings infuscated. Hind femora slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen,
moderately robust on the basal half, more slender beyond; the carine decidedly serrate, the upper edge
and outer face irregularly studded with tubercles, a few of those on middle of outer disc larger and pearl-
like in appearance, suggesting a possibility of luminosity at night. Hind tibie six-spined externally.
Male-abdomen slender, the apex tapering, entire ; supra-anal plate elongate-triangular, the sides undulate,
slightly upturned, the disc provided with a series of dusky tubercles; cerci pyramidal, hairy, the tip of
abdomen also rather strongly hirsute. Prosternum elongate, the spine located near its front edge, rather
robust, directed slightly to the rear.

General colour dark wood-brown, varied on the head, pronotum, tegmina, and hind femora with dark brownish-
olive and black, Abdomen largely rufous, inside and lower sulcus, together with the hind tibie and tarsi,
coral-red. Antennz with joints 9-11 white, 1-4 olivaceous, remainder dull black. Hind femora with
two oblique dusky bars across their outer face and upper edge. Metapleura and outer disc of hind femora
adorned with pearly tubercles, which are very conspicuous on the dark background.

Length of body, ¢, 19-20; of antenne 9°25, of pronotum 4°5, of tegmina 10, of hind femora 10°75 millim.

Hab. Britisu Gurana, Bartica, Demerara (2. J. Crew, in coll. L. Bruner). .

Two males. While it is only a surmise on the part of the present writer, it may prove to be a fact that

LEPTOMERINTHOPHORA. 287

LEPTOMERINTHOPHORA, Rehn.

Leptomerinthophora, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 436.
This genus seems to be more closely related to Vilerna, Stal, than to any other of
the group. It contains several forms, of which L. brevipennis, Rehn, is the type. The

species before me all inhabit Costa Rica. They may be recognized by the following
brief table :—

Synopsis of the Species of Leptomerinthophora.

A'. Hind femora dull clay-colour or brunneo-testaceous, either plain or
marked with oblique fuscous bands and mottlings.

6’. Femora plain, tinged with green . . . . . 1. brevipennis, Rehn.
6°’. Femora obscurely marked externally with oblique and internally with
transverse bands ; antenne inconspicuously annulate . . . . . 4. modesta, sp. n.

A’. Hind femora green or greenish, unadorned, apex testaceous. Antenne
pale, annulate.
b'. Most of face, cheeks below the eyes, and pale lines on pronotum,
pleura, and tegmina bright wax-yellow. [Hast slope near base of
Mt. Irazu, Costa Rica.] . 2. 2 2 1 ww we we eee 8. flavovittata, sp. n.
6’. Most of face, cheeks below the eyes, and pale lines on pronotum,
pleura, and tegmina brownish-testaceous. [Pacific slope south-
westerly} 2. 6. 2 2. ee we ee we ww ew ee QR. Smaragdipes, sp. n.

These insects are to be met with in the tangle of low vegetation that flourishes in
somewhat open spaces and along the edges of the denser forests. In habit they are
somewhat sluggish, but when disturbed are capable of making long leaps. Their
coloration is protective and renders them difficult of detection when at rest among the
fallen leaves and low-growing herbage.

1. Leptomerinthophora brevipennis, Rehn.
Leptomerinthophora brevipennis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 437-489, figg. 32, 33°.
Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul}.
This species is not represented among the material at hand, and has not been seen
by me. The insect may be rare and rather local in its distribution, since Mr. Carriker,
who collected for me in the same region, failed to secure specimens of it.

2. Leptomerinthophora smaragdipes, sp. n.
Head as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, with the occiput short, only gently inflated, and provided
with a median, though faint, longitudinal carina which is most apparent anteriorly. Eyes large and

this insect is nocturnal in its habits and that the pearly granules or follicules, which adorn the metapleura
and hind femora, are phosphorescent. Should this be true, it would certainly be interesting in the extreme.
The insect, on this account, may prove to be much more widely distributed and should reach the Isthmus

of Panama.

288 ORTHOPTERA.

prominent, almost equally broad and rounded above as below, separated by a space equal to(d) ora
very little more than (9) the diameter of the basal antennal joint; the fastigium sub-acuminate,
shallowly sulcate, about as long as its basal width. Frontal costa prominent and roundly produced
between the antenne, much reduced at the ocellus and below, continuous to the clypeus and shallowly
sulcate. Antenne moderately slender as compared with those of Vilerna, feebly nodulose, only a few of
the sub-basal joints somewhat flattened, nearly as long as the head and pronotum combined. Pronotum
rather coarsely and closely punctate, but most profusely so on the hind lobe, the sides slightly bulging ;
the median carina prominent, severed by all three of the transverse sulci; anterior edge broadly rounded,
the posterior margin sub-angulate. Tegmina tapering, their apices acuminately rounded, nearly (9) or
quite (¢ ) one-half the length of the abdomen, their posterior edges overlapping. Hind femora moderately
robust and elongate, about reaching (¢ ) or surpassing (¢) the tip of the abdomen approximately one-
fourth of their length. Supra-anal plate provided on its disc with a number of dark granules or nodules,
which are arranged in series.

Disc, upper two-thirds of sides of pronotum, upper part of the face and frontal costa below the ocellus, a
triangular patch on occiput, sides of head back of eyes, most of tegmina, and pleura and antenne light
chocolate-brown ; eyes castaneous ; abdomen above brunneo-testaceous ; greater portion of face, fastigium,
two posterior diverging bands on occiput, cheeks below the eyes, lower edges of lateral lobes and outer
lateral margins of disc of pronotum, dorsal angle of tegmina, and an oblique dash on pleura in advance of
each middle and hind coxa, flavo-testaceous. Legs greenish-olive, becoming paler towards their base, at
knees, and on the tarsi. Antenne with a well-marked pale annulation near the apex and two or three
much fainter ones basally. Venter pale, with a greenish tinge on meso- and metathorax.

Length of body, ¢ 17, 2 24; of pronotum, ¢ 3:35, 2 6:1; oftegmina, f 6-4, 2 7; of hind femora, d 10:5,
@ 13; of antenne, ¢ 2, 8 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (Mf. A. Carriker).

The collection at hand contains several specimens of both sexes. They differ
conspicuously from L. brevipennis, Rehn, in the colour of the legs, though the colour-
pattern of the paler portion of the head and thorax is similar in the two species.

3. Leptomerinthophora flavovittata, sp. n.

Very similar to the preceding species, but differing from it in being a little more slender in build, in having
the fastigium of the vertex rounded, instead of triangulate, the antenne a little shorter, and the eyes less
prominent, a trifle more oblique and somewhat narrowest above. ‘The colour contrasts are also much
more pronounced in the present species than in the one to which it has just been compared: the pale
lines are broader and more conspicuous, being of a pale yellow or cream-colour; the legs are also paler
green, and have the apex of the hind femora and the base of the tibie testaceo-ferruginous.

Hab. Costa Rica, Juan Vifias (L. Bruner).

At first glance L. flavovittata recalls some of the short-winged forms of the genera
Melanoplus and Dichroplus. It seems to be confined in its distribution to the eastern
or Atlantic slope, while the other three mentioned in this paper belong to the Pacific
side of the country.

4. Leptomerinthophora modesta, sp. n.

Closely related to the L. brevipenmis, Rehn, but recognizable by its distinctly banded hind femora and by the
very obscure pale markings on the head, thorax, and tegmina. It is also more rugose than any of the
other species, and lacks all green or greenish tints in its coloration. a

Length.of body, ¢.15, 2 22; of pronotum, ¢ 4, d 51; of tegmina, ¢ 4°5, 9 65; of hind femora, ¢ 9-5,
Q 12; of antenne, ¢ 6, 9 7 millim. ©

Hab. Costa Rica, Monte Redondo (L. Bruner).

LEPTOMERINTHOPHORA.—OMMATOLAMPIS. _ 289

This insect was found sparingly among fallen leaves, ferns, &c., along a small stream
at the borders of a prairie-tract or open glade in March.

SYLETRIA, Rehn.
Syletria, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 438.

The present genus bears a very striking resemblance to Adila, Stal, in the general
form of its body and wings, but a closer examination shows it to be distinct. The
narrow vertex and pronotal characters of Syletria place it in a different section of the
subfamily from the one containing Adila. Only a single species is known.

1. Syletria angulata, Rehn.
Syletria angulata, Rehn, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 433-486, figg. 30, 31°.

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo},

NICARCHUS, Stal.
Nicarchus, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 384 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll, Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino,
xii. no. 31], p. 47 (1898).
The genus Micarchus is based on a single species of short-winged locusts found in

Tropical America. It apparently is somewhat related, or at least bears a resemblance,
to Leptomerinthophora, Rehn.

1. Nicarchus erinaceus, Stal.
Nicarchus erinaceus, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. pp. 78, 79 (1878) *.

Hab. Panama},

Not contained in the material studied, and unknown to the present writer.

OMMATOLAMPIS, Burmeister.

Ommatolampis, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. pp. 636, 637 (1838); Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 2° sér. xi.
p- 893 (1859); Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no, 4, p. 35 (1878); Syst.
Acrid. i. p. 85 (1878) ; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 48
(1898). :

The genus Ommatolampis, as at present restricted, contains apterous or subapterous
locusts of medium size. In their distribution these insects are confined to the tropical
portions of both North and South America. They are rather obscure in colour, and
evidently occur in shady places among the fallen leaves of groves and forests, The
species do not appear to be abundant in individuals, or else their habits are such as
not to attract the attention of the ordinary collector of insects.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., September 1908. 2 Pp

290 ORTHOPTERA.

Synopsis of the Species of Ommatolampis.

A‘. Tegmina present but short, the disc marked with a large black eye-

like spot; antenne dark, unicolorous, except at tip, where they

arepale. 2. 6 1 6 ee ee ee we ew ew ee EL. perspicillata, Linn.)
A’. Body apterous; the antenne alternately pale and dark coloured . 2. annulicornis, sp. 0.

[1. Ommatolampis perspicillata, Linn.

Gryllus (Locusta) perspicillatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 11. p. 708 (1767) °.

Gryllus perspicillatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 62 (1793) *.

Ommatolampis perspicillata, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 637 (1838)*°; Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool:
1859, pp. 893, 3944.

Hab. British Gutana (coll. L. Bruner); Braziu}~4,.

This insect, which is very well represented by Stoll in his ‘‘ Répr. Spectres, etc.,” on
plate 86. fig. 28, is a typical species of the genus. It may occur in the extreme
southern portion of the Isthmus of Panama. |

2. Ommatolampis annulicornis, sp. n.

A medium-sized, dark brown, entirely apterous, somewhat fusiform locust, with alternately dark- and light-
ringed joints to the antenne, and the basal half of the abdomen largely pitchy-black at the sides. Front,
lower portion of cheeks, pronotum, meso- and metathorax, and basal abdominal segments rugosely
punctate.

Head no broader than, or scarcely as wide as, the front edge of the pronotum, viewed laterally rather oblique ;
vertex a little narrower than the diameter of the first antennal joint, somewhat depressed anteriorly and
narrowly sulcate, the groove continuous with that of the elongate-triangular fastigium where the
sulcation widens and deepens, the fastigium nearly horizontal; frontal costa prominent between the
antenne, about as broad as the vertex between the eyes, sulcate throughout, becoming very much
weaker below the ocellus. Antenne filiform, of moderate length, brownish-testaceous at the base,
gradually darkening beyond, with several pale annuli, the basal annuli testaceous, the apical ones
whitish. Pronotum gradually expanding posteriorly, all three caring very faint, the hind lobe short, not
quite half as long as the anterior lobe, only the last transverse sulcus profoundly impressed; anterior
edge sinuose, posterior edge truncate, gently and roundly emarginate at the centre. Auditory apparatus
small and nearly circular, situated low down and close to the posterior edge of the tergite. Hind femora
rather slender and reaching a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, the dorsal carina only slightly
dentate; hind tibie 6-spined externally, 8-spined internally, the tarsi normal. Mesosternal lobes
separated by a subquadrate space that is wider than long and a little greater than the width of the lobes
themselves. Prosternal spine acuminate, straight, of moderate length. ‘Terminal joints of the palpi
pale, those of the maxillary pair strongly depressed, elliptical. Valves of ovipositor short, strongly
hooked.

Eyes brassy, occiput, dorsum of abdomen, and disc of pronotum a little paler than elsewhere, the black patch
on the sides of the abdomen crenulate above. Hind tibie deep brown.

Length of body, 2 29; of pronotum 5, of hind femora 17 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Pozo Azul (M. A. Carriker, coll. L. Bruner).

A single female. Other species of the genus will undoubtedly be found to occur
north of the Isthmus of Panama.

SITALCES, | 291

[SITALCES, Stal.

Sitalces, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 16 (1878); Obs. Orthopt. iii.
p- 16 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 48
(1898).

The genus Sitalces, Stal, which is related to Ommatolampis, Burm., is composed of
rather small to medium-sized locusts, which are either apterous or have the tegmina
extremely rudimentary. In general colour the species thus far described are largely
olivaceous or greenish-testaceous varied with ferruginous, browns, and black. The
genus belongs to Tropical America, and especially to Middle and Northern South
America, and it almost certainly extends to Panama. The annexed synoptic table will
aid the student in determining the ten species already known or that are now at hand.

Stal’s S. volvemi may be considered the type of the genus.

Synopsis of the Species of Sitalces.
A’. Larger species (length, ? ?, 18-23 mm.). Hind tibiz furnished with
7 or 8 spines on the outer carina.
6’. Tympanum or auditory apparatus obsolete or subobsolete.
c’. Tubercle of the prosternum very obtuse, only slightly elevated, the
apex armed with an erect spine. .
ad’, Smaller (length, ¢ 14, 2 20 mm.). General colour olivaceous-
green. Median carina of the pronotum subobliterated . . . volxemi, Stal.
d’. Larger (length, 15, 223 mm.). General colour brownish-olive.
Median carina of the pronotum well-defined throughout. [Brazil.] robustus, Bruner.
c’. Tubercle of the prosternum more elevated, pyramidal or acuminate,

without the erect spine. Apterous. [Venezuela] . . . . . 1. cozalis, Stal.
6’. Tympanum or auditory apparatus apparent, nearly or quite normal.
c’. Hind tibie 7-spined externally . . . . . . 1. 2. 1. « 6 vittiventris, Stal.

c’, Hind tibie 8-spined.
d'. Face almost impunctate. [Isl. of Trinidad]. . . . . . . 8. érinitatis, Bruner.
d*, Face distinctly punctate. [ Venezuela. ]. coe ee
A’. Smaller species (length, 9 9, 14-15 mm.). Hind tibie provided with
but six spines in the outer row.
6’. Tegmina wanting. Apex of hind femora infuscated. [Santarem.] . mnudus, sp. n.
6°. Tegmina present. Hind femora at most with a dark pregenicular

2. punctifrons, Stal.

annulus.
c'. Tegmina narrow, at least four times as long as broad, bicoloured,
extending beyond the apex of metathorax. [Brazil?] . . . . varipennis, sp. n.

c’, Tegmina broader, suboval, about twice as long as extreme width,
scarcely reaching the middle of metathorax.
d', Median carina of pronotum but little interrupted by the transverse
sulci; dorsum plainly vittate with flavous. [Brit.Guiana.]. . 4. ovatipennis, sp. n.
d*, Median carina widely interrupted by the transverse sulci; dorsum
almost uniformly infuscated. [Chapada, Brazil] . . . . . infuscatus, sp. n.

2 Pe 2

292 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Sitalces coxalis, Stal.
Sitalces coxalis, Stal, Bih. till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 18 (1878)'; Obs.
Orthopt. ii. p. 18 (1878) *.

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caracas ! 2,

While no material is at hand from regions closer than the type locality, Caracas,
this and the following species are included as posstble denizens of Central America.

2. Sitalces punctifrong, Stal.
Sitalces punctifrons, Stal, Bih. till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 18 (1878); Obs.
Orthopt. iii. p. 18 (1878) *. :

Hab. VENEZUELA, Caracas ! 2,

3. Sitalces trinitatis, Bruner.
Sitalces trinitatis, Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent. Soc. xiv. p. 155 (1906) *.

Hab. Trrntpap 1.

4, Sitalces ovatipennis, sp. n.

A rather small, dark-coloured insect above, with short oval tegmina, Hind tibie 6-spined in outer row.
Body sparsely hirsute throughout.

Head rather wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput of ¢ at least slightly ascending ; face
greatly (¢) or moderately (@ ) oblique; eyes large and prominent in the ¢, a little less so in the 9 ;
vertex between the eyes of ¢ very narrow, only about one-half as wide as the frontal costa between the
base of the antenne, that of the 9 a little wider; fastigium somewhat depressed, shallowly sulcate, slightly
broader than long. Frontal costa prominent above the ocellus, plane, with a few coarse punctures at its
upper extremity; at the ocellus and below less prominent, below the ocellus suddenly narrowed to the
transverse facial groove, from which point it broadens and continues to the clypeus, at the ocellus and
below gently sulcate. Antenne somewhat coarse, filiform, in the ¢ a trifle longer, in the ? less, than
the head and pronotum combined. Pronotum slightly widening behind, coarsely punctate, much more
closely so on the hind lobe; the transverse sulci profound, the posterior one alone severing the median
carina; anterior margin rounded, with the centre shallowly, arcuately emarginate, hind margin angu-
lately emarginate. Dorsum of meso- and metathorax, along with that of the first abdominal segment,
profusely and coarsely punctate (¢), or sparsely and shallowly so (2). Tegmina small, short, oval,
reaching to about the middle of the metathorax. Auditory apparatus almost entirely obliterated. Hind
femora somewhat robust, in the 2 about reaching the tip of the abdomen, in the g extending beyond it
one-third their length. Prosternal spine broadly pyramidal, the apex acuminate. Last ventral segment of
g -abdomen short, the apex entire, the outer or apical third provided with a strong median carina ; supra-
anal plate elongate-triangular, with coarse elevated borders, the outer half bent downwards, the transverse
ridge thus formed narrowly sulcate. Cerci little longer than the supra-anal plate, tapering and curved
inwards on the distal half.

General colour of head, thorax, and base of abdomen dark brown, almost black, on the pleura and abdomen
apically brownish-olive, below greenish-yellow ; legs olivaceous, the tibie and tarsi deep bottle-green ; face,
lower edges of pronotum, and a line on the pleura flavous. The face above the base of the antenne is
provided with a shiny black band running from eye to eye and taking in the apex of the fastigium; a
second black mark occurs on the occiput just back of the centre of the upper edge of the eyes. In the 9
there is a yellowish border to each side of the occiput that continues upon the lateral edges of the disc of
the pronotum and upper half of the tegmina, while a third line of this colour follows the median carina
of the pronotum and continues over the middle of the abdomen nearly or quite to its tip. Inthe ¢ the

SITALCES.—CZDOMERUS. 293

lateral vitte are usually obliterated, leaving only the dorsal one. Antenne greenish, becoming darker
apically, the two basal joints yellowish. Genicular portion of hind femora tinged with rufous, without
black or fuscous marks. .

Length of body, ¢ 12, 9 14; of pronotum, ¢ 2°25, 2 2°90; of tegmina, g 1, 9 1; of hind femora, ¢ 7:5,
@ 8°65 millim.

Hab. British Guiana, Demerara (f. J. Crew, in coll. L. Bruner), Bartica (J. A. G.
Rehn, in coll. Philad. Acad. Nat. Sci.).

Eleven males and eleven females.

5. Sitalces sp.
Sitalces sp., larva, Brunner, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xiv. p. 256 (1900) '.

Hab. Cotomsia, Barranquilla ?!.

This may be the nymph of one of Stal’s species, S. punctifrons or S. coxalis, or it
may belong to either S. érinitatis, Bruner, or the S. ovatipennis of British Guiana
described above. |

[G&DOMERUS, gen. nov.

The representatives of the present genus may be recognized by their broad and robust hind femora, with the
lower carina very prominent and broadly arcuate, the narrow sulcate vertex, the more than usual oblique
face, the fairly robust and somewhat depressed body, the lateral, almost linear tegmina, and the coarse
more or less transverse prosternal spine. The hind tibiee are 7-spined in the outer row. Interspace
between the mesosternal lobes quadrate (@), or slightly longer than wide (¢). Pronotum almost
without a median carina, the transverse sulci deeply impressed, the hind lobe less than one-half as long
as the anterior one, its posterior margin sinuose, widely emarginate in the middle.

The two species inhabit Lower California.

1. G@domerus corallipes, sp. n. (Tab. IV. figg. 10, 10a, ¢; 14, 144, 2.)

A brownish-testaceous insect, with the tegmina lateral and sublinear, the hind femora exceedingly robust,
and the hind tibie 7-spined and red. Viewed laterally, the face is moderately oblique and the dorsum
of the pronotum gently arcuate, as is also the region of the junction of the thorax and abdomen. Pro-
notum, pleura, and dorsum of the abdominal segments rather coarsely punctate, the surface between
glabrous. .

Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum, subquadrate, possibly a little higher than broad; the
occiput short, only gently rounded; the vertex between the somewhat prominent eyes rather narrow,
about as broad as the diameter of the basal antennal joint, the fastigium depressed, rather deeply sulcate,
separated from the frontal costa by a roundly elevated portion of the latter; frontal costa prominent
above the ocellus, less so below, broadest between the antenne, not sulcate, the surface moderately
closely and coarsely punctate, the pits infuscated ; antenne filiform, not quite as long as the head and
pronotum taken together. Pronotum rounded above, considerably expanding from front to rear, the
transverse sulci continuous, the hind one the most profound; the median carina only apparent by the

slight interruption of the punctures anteriorly ; the anterior edge strongly margined and somewhat sinuose,
its middle a little advanced upon the occiput, hind margin also sinuose, mesially arcuate-emarginate.
Tegmina lateral, sublinear, five or six times as long as broad, reaching nearly or quite to the hind margin
of the first abdominal segment, the background fuscous, the veins testaceous. Auditory apparatus
present, of moderate size. Hind femora about reaching the tip of the abdomen. Valves of the ovipositor
not exserted, slender, the upper pair rather strongly hooked, the lower pair but little hooked and furnished
with a prominent basal tooth. Prosternal spine rather short and coarse, transverse.

294 ORTHOPTERA.

General colour ferrugineo-testaceous, more or less conspersed and marmorate with fuscous. Occiput and
sides of head back of the eyes and lateral lobes of the pronotum marked with piceous. Hind femora
externally, above, and internally faintly banded with dull fuscous. Abdomen and front and middle legs
conspersed and marmorate with dark cinereous, brown, and dull black; lunules of the genicular portion
of the hind femora piceous, hind tibiee on upper face and apically, along with the two basal joints of the
tarsi, coral-red, below basally testaceous strongly conspersed with fuscous.

Length of body, 2, 20; of pronotum 5:15, of tegmina 4, width of tegmina 0-9, length of hind femora 11, of
hind tibiz 9 millim.

Hab. Lower CaiFornia, San José del Cabo 0. Haines, in coll. Calif. Acad. Nat.
Sciences).

A second specimen, also female, is at hand from the same locality. This latter has
been preserved in alcohol and shows a greater amount of mottling than does the one

described above. It also has proportionately shorter tegmina, which are less profusely
veined. It may, therefore, represent a distinct species.

2. (idomerus nigropleurus, sp. n.

Apparently of about the same size as @. corallipes, but differing from it in having the anterior margin and
the greater portion of the sides of the pronotum, along with the pleura of the meso- and metathorax,
and the lunules of the gene of the hind femora, black or dark piceous. The tegmina are shorter and
broader and also largely included in the dusky area of the sides of the thorax. Otherwise the general
colour is dull testaceous. The pronotum viewed laterally is less arcuate than in the species above

mentioned, and has the transverse sulci straight (instead of gently sinuose), and there are decided
indications of a median carina, both on the hind lobe and in front.

Length of body, ¢, 20; of pronotum 4°75, of tegmina 3-25, of hind femora 10-25 millim.

Hab. Lowrr Catirornia, in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas (Palmer, in coll. U.S.
Nat. Mus., ex Scudder).

This insect has also been preserved in alcohol and is without antenne. The sub-
anal plate is acuminate, short, upturned, and has the posterior edge strongly carinate,
the apex entire. Supra-anal plate simple, triangulate; the preceding segment
unarmed. Cerci simple, rather broad at the base, evenly tapering, acuminate. |

SCHISTOCERCA, Stal.

Schistocerca, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 64 (1873); Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci.
Xxxiv. no. 17, pp. 441-476; Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311,

p-. 49 (1898), &c.

‘The genus Schistocerca is typically American, and is composed of numerous species,
several of which are migratory in habit and more or less destructive to cultivated
vegetation. Representatives of the genus occur from Southern Canada in North
America to midway between the Rio Colorado and Cape Horn at the southern
extremity of South America, while several additional forms are also to be found on the
adjacent islands of both the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Fully one-half of the
known species have been reported as occurring in “ Biologia” territory. As the genus

SCHISTOCERCA. 295

has been monographed within the past ten years *, no attempt will be made at present
to treat it in a critical manner, although Scudder left it in a very unsatisfactory
condition when we take into account some of the earlier-described forms. All the
representatives, with but two or three exceptions, are large and showy, and a few are
even gaudily coloured and very attractive. The following annotated list of species
will give the reader some idea of their numbers and distribution in Mexico and
Central America :—

1. Schistocerca aurantia, Scudd.
Hab. Mexico, Tepetlapa in Guerrero (H. H. Smith), Yucatan (Scudder); Nicaragua,
Realejo (Scudder).

9. Schistocerca carinata, Scudd. |
Hab. Norta America, California—Muexico, Atoyac, Orizaba, Vera Cruz, &c.
(Godm. & Salv. Coll., Bruner, Scudder, &c.).

8. Schistocerca columbina, Thunb.
Schistocerca columbina, Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 77°.
Hab. Mexico, San Mateo del Mar, Tehuantepec; Guatemata; Nicaragua!; Costa
Rica; Panama.—Souta America, Colombia to Peru; Trinidad; West _ Inpizs,
Martinique, Grenada, St. Vincent.

4. Schistocerca crocotaria, Scudd.
Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales, Realejo (McNeil; coll. L. Bruner).

5. Schistocerca camerata, Scudd.
Hab. Muxico, Sinaloa (Scudder), Tacubaya, Distrito Federal (fehn).

6. Schistocerca mellea, Scudd.
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Heyde, coll. L. Bruner), Yucatan (Gaumer).

7. Schistocerca zapoteca, Scudd.
Hab. Mexico; Guatemata; Costa Rica.—SovutH AMERICA.

A somewhat variable insect and probably one of Walker’s undeterminable species.
Many specimens were examined by Scudder.

8. Schistocerca vaga, Scudd. |

Hab. Norta America, Southern States; Lower CatLirornia—Mexico, Sonora,

Coahuila, Tamaulipas, &c. (Scudder), Jalisco, Mexico City (Schumann), Chilpancingo
in Guerrero (H. H. Smith); Nicaraaua, Realejo (Scudder).

* Scudder, Samuel H., “The Orthopteran Genus Schistocerca,” Proc. Amer. Acad, Arts & Sci. xxxiv.
no. 17, March 1899, pp. 441-476.

296 ORTHOPTERA.

[9. Schistocerca simulatrix, Walk.
Hab. West Inpies, San Domingo, Bahamas, &c. |

10. Schistocerca pyramidata, Scudd. 7 —
Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (coll. Z. Bruner); Costa Rica, &c. (Bruner,
Rehn).

[11. Schistocerca flavofasciata, Thunb.
Hab. British Guana (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect will surely be taken within “ Biologia” territory. |

12. Schistocerca maya, Scudd.
Hab, Mexico, “ Venis Mecas,” San Mateo del Mar, Tehuantepec (Scudder).

Not recognized among the material studied.

[13. Schistocerca gulosa, Scudd.
Hab. British Guiana (Scudder).

It should be looked for also in the West Indies. |

14. Schistocerca bogotensis, Scudd.
Hab, Couomsia, Bogota.

Undoubtedly also in Panama.

15. Schistocerca inscripta, Walk.
Hab. West Inpies, Jamaica (coll. L. Bruner).

I have seen a spirit-specimen (<¢ ) labelled “‘ Tepic, Mexico” (coll. Calif. Acad. Sci.)
that I am also inclined to place here.

16. Schistocerca rubiginosa, Harris.

Hab. Norta America, Southern and Eastern States.—Mexico, Yucatan (Seudder) ;
GUATEMALA (Scudder).

17. Schistocerca sonorensis, Scudd.
Hab. Mexico, Sonora (Scudder).

18. Schistocerca alutacea, Harris.

Hab. North America, Southern and Eastern States—Mexico, “Sierra Nola”
(Scudder).

SCHISTOCERCA. 297

19. Schistocerca obscura, Fabr.
Hab, NortH America, Southern States.—Mexico, Durango or Sinaloa (Forrer),
Sonora, Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Tepic, Vera Cruz, &c. (Scudder).

20. Schistocerca lineata, Scudd.
Hab. Norta America, Texas, &c.—MeExico, Montelovez in Coahuila (Scudder),
Bolanos in Jalisco (Rehn).

21. Schistocerca albolineata, Thom.
Hab. Nortu America, Iowa, Idaho, Las Cruces, New Mexico, Grand Cafion, Arizona

(L. Bruner).

Doubtless extends into Northern Mexico. |

22. Schistocerca venusta, Scudd.
Hab. Nortu America, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Texas. —Mexico, San Luis
Potosi, Sierra de San Miguelito (Scudder).

23. Schistocerca mexicana, Scudd.
Hab. Mexico, Sinaloa (Scudder).

24, Schistocerca separata, Scudd.
Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Underwood); Costa Rica, various localities, both
near sea-level on the gulf coast and up to several thousand feet in the interior

(coll. L. Bruner).

25. Schistocerca malachitica, Rehn.
Schistocerca malachitica, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 439°.

Hab. Costa Rica, Turrialba (Rehn).

This insect is very likely synonymous with S. separata.

26. Schistocerca shoshone, Thom.
Hab. Nortu Amenica, Idaho, Utah, Texas, &c.—Mexico, Juarez, Chihuahua, and

Sonora (Scudder).

27. Schistocerca obliquata, Scudd.
- Hab. Lower Cauirornia, San José del Cabo (coll. Calif. Acad. Sciences).—MeExico,

Chihuahua (Morse).

28. Schistocerca peregrina, Oliv.
Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann); Panama (Scudder),.—Souta America, Brazil, &c.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., September 1908. 2 QQ

298 ORTHOPTERA.

The specimen obtained by Schumann is not quite typical, but approaches rather
closely to some of the African individuals that have been examined by the present
writer. A migratory species occurring on both sides of the Atlantic.

29. Schistocerca americana, Drury.
Hab. NortH America, generally, from Canada southward.—Mexico, Tamaulipas,
Morelos, Tepic, Vera Cruz, Yucatan, &c.; Nicaragua, Chontales.—Soura AMERICA to
Argentina; West InpDIEs.

This species is well represented among the material at hand—fully a dozen Mexican
and Central-American localities being represented. It also shows a considerable
amount of variation both in size and markings.

30. Schistocerca piceifrons, Walker.
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Rev. T. Heyde, in coll. L. Bruner).

Several specimens from Vera Cruz seem to belong to this species. They remind one
of a large, smooth, and very pale S. americana, in which the cheeks are strongly
marked with piceous.

31. Schistocerca pallens, Thunb.
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz and Yucatan (Scudder); Nicaraeua, Realejo (Seudder).—
SoutH AMERIcA to Uruguay River; West Inprgs, Cuba and San Domingo (Scudder).

32. Schistocerca vittafrons, sp. n.

In general appearance very similar to the different species of the S. americana-group, but differing from all the
described forms in lacking the narrow longitudinal pale or whitish stripe on the middle of the lateral lobes
of the pronotum, and also in having the face very markedly vittate with piceous and ferrugineo-
testaceous.

General form slender; of medium size, and with the tegmina and wings extending considerably beyond the tip
of the abdomen in both sexes. Head moderately large, plainly wider than the front edge of the pronotum ;
eyes somewhat prominent, elongate-elliptical, with the upper end a trifle angulate, longer than that
portion of the cheeks immediately below them, separated above by a space somewhat narrower than their
shortest diameter ; fastigium gently depressed, broadly and shallowly sulcate; frontal costa plane above
the antenne and dotted with a few rather coarse punctures, at the ocellus and below deeply sulcate, the
bounding caring strong and gently divergent beneath ; lateral or facial carine sharp, somewhat arcuate at
the middle and divergent below. Antenne slender, in the 3 nearly one-half as long as, and in the @
scarcely any longer than, the combined length of head and pronotum. Pronotum with the surface
coarsely granulate and somewhat rugose, very gently and roundly tectate in front, nearly flat behind, the
median carina well defined throughout, the three transverse impressed lines prominent ; anterior margin
broadly rounded, the hind edge of the disc produced into an obtuse angle, with the tip rounded. Tegmina
sparsely but strongly reticulated. Hind femora slender, about reaching the tip of (¢), or somewhat
shorter than (@ ), the abdomen. Last ventral segment of male-abdomen normal. Cerci one-half longer
than their basal width, a little tapering and rounded apically. Prosternal spine long, slender, curved to
the rear and slightly surpassing the anterior edge of the mesosternum. Body below and legs rather
profusely hirsute.

General colour ferrugineo-testaceous, streaked and mottled with brown, piceous, and black. Cheeks below the

SCHISTOCERCA.—NETROSOMA. 299

eyes, lateral or facial caring, walls of frontal costa, sides of vertex and occiput, outer two-thirds of disc,
and lateral lobes obliquely at middle of pronotum, together with the basal middle of tegmina, piceous,
the latter heavily mottled on the disc with fuliginous maculations, due to the strong infuscation of the
veins and enclosed areas. Hind femora without transverse bands, but provided with a series of prominent
black dots along all the upper and outer carine, the lower half of the outer face whitish; hind tibic
reddish-purple, the spines white tipped with black. Antenne ferruginous, somewhat infuscated apically.
Dorsal and costal fields of tegmina pale testaceous, in the males often cream-colour, immaculate.

Length of body, ¢ 40, 9 52; of pronotum, ¢ 8, 2 10; of tegmina, g 40, Q 49; of hind femora, 22.
9 28; of antenne, g 14, 9 15 millim,

Hab. Costa Rica, Boruca (M. A. Carriker).

This is certainly one of the most strikingly marked and beautiful species of the
genus. Mr. Carriker writes me that he took this insect in July, on open savannas,
where it was not rare.

83. Schistocerca damnifica, Sauss.
Hab. Nortu America, from the New England States to the Rio Grande, Texas.

It undoubtedly also enters Northern Mexico.

[MONACHIDIUM, Serville.
Gryilus, Linn. in part.

Acrydium, Oliv. in part.

Monachidium, Serville, Rev. Méth. Orthopt. p. 90 (1831); Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 20 (1878) ;
Brunner, Revis. Syst. Orthopt. p. 142 (1893) ; Gig.Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp.
Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 49 (1898).

The present genus is introduced here simply because at least one species of it is
very apt to be met with in some portion of the territory covered by the present
publication.

1. Monachidium lunum, Linn.
Gryllus lenus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 693°; Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. p. 47 (1798) *.
Acrydium lunum, Oliv. Encycl, Méth, vi. p. 216 (1791) *.
Monachidium flavipes, Serv. Rev. Méth. Orthopt. p. 90 (1831) ‘; Brullé, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt.
ix. p. 223, t. 19. fig. 2 (1835) * :
Gryllus (Locusta) vexillatus, Stoll, Répr. Spectres, ete. t. 224. fig. 84 (1813) °.
Hab. NoRTHERN Souta America, Cayenne, Guiana.

This species would be the one to be looked for on the Isthmus of Panama. |

NETROSOMA, Scudder.
Netrosoma, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 9, 16 (1897). |
Yhe present genus is composed of medium-sized apterous or subapterous locusts
that are confined to the subarid regions of Northern Mexico. ‘Two species are known.
‘They were characterized by Scudder in his “ Revision of the Melanopli” (Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xx. 1897).
2 QQ 2

300 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Netrosoma fusiforme, Scudd.
Netrosoma fusiformis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 17, t. 2. fig. 2 (1897).

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez, Chihuahua !.

2. Netrosoma nigropleurum, Scudd.
Pezotettix nigropleura, Bruner, MS.
Netrosoma nigropleura, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 18, t. 2. fig. 3 (1897) °.

Hab. Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango} (coll. L. Bruner).

This species was taken in and at the edges of thickets composed of rather rank
vegetation near a watercourse. | 7

DICHROPLUS, Stal.

Dichroplus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 78 (1873); Obs. Orthopt. ii. p. 6 (1878) ; Brunner, Revis.
Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) ; Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxx. p. 677 (1906).

The genus Dichroplus, Stal, chiefly inhabits South America, where it is represented
by numerous species, some of them varying considerably in size and in general
appearance. At least five forms may be included in the present treatise. These can
be separated as follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Dichroplus. |

A’. Tegmina and wings distinctly surpassing the tips of the hind femora.
6’. Larger (length, 9,25 mm.). Sides of thorax and hind femora
biannulate with yellowish . . 2... 1 ww. ee we
b°. Smaller (length, 2, 15-18 mm.). Sides of thorax not yellow-
banded.
c’. Hind tibiz bright coral-red, the tegmina generally conspersed
with fuscous 2. 1 1 1 wwe ee ee ew ww 2 punctulatus, Thunb.
c’. Hind tibiz dull rufo-ochreous, the tegmina irregularly blotched
with fuscous 2 2. 1 we ee we ww ww wg) s) 8. morosus, Rehn.
A’. Tegmina and wings not or scarcely passing the tip of the abdomen.
b'. Interval between the mesosternal lobes of the female a little longer

1. mexicanus, Sauss. |

than wide. © 2 6 ew ew we ee ee ee ww ee «BL notatus, sp. nr.
6°, Interval between the mesosternal lobes of the female decidedly
wider thanlong . . . 6 ee ee ew ee ew ee ww. A fuscus, Thunb.

1. Dichroplus mexicanus, Sauss.

Pezotettix mexicana, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1861, p. 160'; Thom. Acrid. N. Am. p. 222
(1873) |

Dichroplus mexicanus, Brunner, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 257 (1900)°.

Hab. Mexico 1 ?,—Cotomsia 3,

DICHROPLUS. 301
Although I have seen specimens of a Melanoplus (M. devastator) labelled Pezotettix
mexicanat, presumably by Sanssure himself, Brunner von Wattenwyl, who must
have examined the types, places Saussure’s P. mexicana in Dichroplus. Saussure’s
remark concerning the variation of the colour of the hind tibiz was undoubtedly based
on this other insect which was erroneously included in his P. mexicana. The present
species has not been recognized among the material studied by me or by Scudder when
working on his Revision of the Melanopli.

2. Dichroplus punctulatus, Thunb.
Gryllus punctulatus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. ix. p. 408 (1824) *.
Pezotettix (Trigononymphus) punctulatus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 77 (1873) *.
Pezotettix (Dichroplus) punctulatus, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. iii. p. 6 (1878) *. .
Dichroplus punctulatus, Bruner, Locusts of Argent. p. 76, figg. 39, 40 (1900) *; Proc. U.S. Nat.

Mus. xxx. p. 681, t. 38. figg. 8, 4 (1906) *.
Hab. Mexico ®; Costa Rica (Biolley), Monte Redondo (Z. Bruner), Caché (Rogers).
—Soutn America 1-5,

This is the most widely distributed species of the genus, and, although quite
variable as to size, robustness, and colour, is the most easily recognized on account of

its red hind tibie and regularly conspersed tegmina.

3. Dichroplus morosus, Rehn.
Dichroplus morosus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 442 (2 )', 805 (¢)’.

Hab. Costa Rica, Monte Redondo !, Tablazo ?.

I have not seen this species, as it is not contained in the material studied.

4. Dichroplus fuscus, Thunb.

Gryllus fuscus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. v. p. 235 (1815) ’.

Pezotettix (Trigononymphus) fuscus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 78 (1878) *.

Pezotettiv (Dichroplus) fuscus, Stal, Obs. Orthopt. iii. p. 6 (1878) °.

Dichroplus fuscus, Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 21 (1892) *;
Brunner, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xlv. p. 257 (1900) *.

Hab. Sourn America, Colombia, &c.1~°.

D. fuscus doubtless extends northward into “ Biologia” territory.

5. Dichroplus notatus, sp. n. (Dichroplus mexicanus, Tab. 1V. figg. 16,
16a, 2.)

A rather small but moderately robust species in which the sexes are very unequal in size, and the tegmina
and wings reach the apex of the abdomen, but fall short of the tip of the hind femora; the latter
strongly and obliquely banded with black, the hind tibie fusco-plumbeous, with a dingy testaceous

sub-basal annulus.

302 ORTHOPTERA.

Head of 9 deeper or higher than usual in the representatives of the genus (that of the ¢ nearly normal), a

little wider than the front edge of the pronotum. Eyes large and prominent, slightly longer than the
cheeks below them, their front edge straight (2) or gently arcuate (3), separated above in the @ by a
space equal to, or in the ¢ by a little less than, the diameter of the basal antennal joint. Fastiginm
of the vertex strongly depressed and deeply sulcate; frontal costa fairly prominent, above somewhat:
wider than the narrowest part of the vertex, coarsely punctate, but not sulcate till near the ocellus and
below where the sulcation is quite pronounced, the walls very gently divergent and reaching the clypeus.
Antenne filiform, a little longer than the head and pronotum together. Pronotum short, broad, with a
faint median carina, lateral carine on the hind lobe only, the transverse sulci not strong, the posterior
lobe perceptibly shorter than the anterior one, the hind angle of the disc obtuse. Tegmina narrow and
gently tapering, their dorsal edges basally not touching or overlapping for a short distance back of the
disc of the pronotum and leaving a wedge-shaped space of the abdomen uncovered, their apex rounded,
coincident with the tip of the body. Anterior and middle femora, even of the ¢, but little enlarged,
the hind pair moderately robust and surpassing the abdomen in both sexes by at least the length
of the genicular portion. Hind tibie 9-spined on the outer carina. Prosternal spine retrorse, robust,
short and transverse in the 9, a little longer and more prominent in the ¢. Mesosternal lobes trans-
verse, separated in the 9 by a space wider than long, in the ¢ about as long as wide. Tip of the
g-abdomen not enlarged, the last ventral segment about as long as broad at the base, the apex narrowed
and indented at the centre so as to form a U-shaped depression; supra-anal plate triangular, with a
rather prominent median suication on the basal half bounded by an apical transverse and strong lateral
caring. Anal cerci slender, as long as the supra-anal plate, gently curved inwards. Valves of the
ovipositor slender, curved, acuminate, the upper pair somewhat longest.

General colour above dull wood-brown, below testaceo-ferruginous. Sides of pronotum in front of last
transverse sulcus with a well-defined piceous patch bordered above and below by testaceous ; the disc is
provided with a posteriorly narrowing black patch, which, in conjunction with the wedge-shaped
uncovered area of the same tint between the basal portion of the pale-edged tegmina, gives to the insect
a very striking appearance. JDiseal area of tegmina very strongly maculate with black, the dorsal and
costal fields scantily and faintly conspersed with fuscous. Hind femora cinereo-testaceous, with the
outer face marked near the base by a narrow, and across the middle and on the outer third by deep,
black oblique bands; the upper edge to some extent and the genicular area in great part are also
marked by the same tint ; lower edge, sulcus, and portion of inner face faint coral-red.

Length of body, ¢ 13, 9 17°5; of pronotum, ¢ 3°35, 9 4:5; of tegmina, ¢ 8:5, 2 10°5; of hind femora,

3 8, 2 11:5 millim,

Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (27. H. Smith).

One male and two females.

PARADICHROPLUS, Brunner.

Paradichroplus, Brann, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893); Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
pp- 9, 18 (1897); Gig.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 50
(1898).

This genus is chiefly confined to South America, but two species are known from

Mexico. Scudder has shown (loc. cit.) how these forms differ and has given an

account of their distribution.

1. Paradichroplus mexicanus, Brunn.

Platyphyma mexicanum, Brunn. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1861, p. 224'; Orthopt. Stud. p. 4
(1861)*; Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., Suppl. v. 71 (1871)°; Thom. Rep. U.S.
Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 224 (1873) *.

PARADICHROPLUS.—DASYSCIRTUS. 303

Caloptenus mexicanus, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. pp. 682, 683 (1870) °; Thom.
Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 227 (1878) *.

Paradichroplus mexicanus, Brunn. Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) 7; Seudd. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 19, 20, t. 2. figg. 4, 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico !~8, Volcan de Orizaba (coll. L. Bruner).

This species was observed by the present writer to be not uncommon among the
grasses growing on the slopes near and above timber line. It was rather sluggish or
inactive at the time (early in February), on account of the cloudy and cool weather
that prevailed. In fact, within the next few hours eight inches and more of sleet fell
on the mountain.

2. Paradichroplus varicolor, Stal.
Pezotettiz varicolor, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, pp. 9, 10 (1878) ’.
Paradichroplus varicolor, Brunn. Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1898); Gig.-Tos, Zool. Jahrb.,
Abh. Syst. viii. p. 818 (1895) * ; Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 2], t. 2. fig. 6 (1897) *.

Hab. MExtco 4.—Co.Lomsia 4.

DASYSCIRTUS, gen. nov.

Apparently most nearly related to Paradichroplus than to any other of the North-American genera of the
Melanopli, but differing from it in the points set forth in the synoptic table of genera (anted, p. 217).

Body of ¢ strongly hirsute, especially below and on the apical half of the abdomen. The latter gently
clavate and strongly upturned; the last ventral segment or sub-anal plate acuminate, viewed from above
broadly rounded and with the immediate apex produced into a low rounded pyramid. Cerci broad at
base, suddenly narrowed beyond to less than one-half their basal width, elongate, the apical half equal
and bent inwards. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes nearly as broad as long. Hind femora
slender, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen by the length of their gene. Spines on the outer row
of the hind tibie small, eight or nine in number.

1. Dasyscirtus olivaceus, sp. n.

Dirty olive-green above, paler beneath, the hind femora with the lower edge of the outer and inner faces,
and the lower sulcus, bright coral-red, the hind tibiz dark grey, with a purplish tinge towards the apex
externally.

Head no wider than the front edge of the pronotum, the occiput short, rugose ; eyes fairly prominent, a little
longer than the cheeks below them, nearly straight in front, rounded behind, separated at the vertex by
a space slightly less than the width of the frontal costa between the antenne ; the vertex rather deeply
sulcate, the depression continuous with that of the frontal costa, the fastigium somewhat strongly
depressed, considerably broader than long, rugose at the sides, roundly merging into the frontal costa ;
the latter prominent, its sides parallel, profoundly sulcate and coarsely punctate above ; lateral or facial
carine strong throughout, a little divergent below; [antenne missing, but apparently rather coarse,
as the two basal joints are moderately stout]. Pronotum evenly expanding posteriorly, without lateral
caring, rugosely punctate, much more coarsely so on the anterior lobe, more profusely and less coarsely
so on the hind lobe, gently tectate, the median carina strong, severed by all three transverse sulci, the
hind one very pronounced and situated much behind the middle; anterior margin broadly rounded, the
hind margin gently emarginate. Tegmina lateral, elliptical, less than twice as long as their greatest
width, the veining coarse. Hind femora slender, extending considerably beyond the tip of the abdomen ;
the tibiae 7- to 9-spined externally. Apex of g-abdomen a little enlarged, upturned, the last ventral

304 ORTHOPTERA.

segment triangular and produced in the centre into a short finger-like projection. Supra-anal plate
plain, roundly triangular, with a slightly undulate margin; no marginal apophyses of the preceding
segment; male cerci broad at the base, but suddenly narrowed to less than half the basal width,
directed upwards and roundly curved inwards, and ending in a narrow spatulate outwardly sulcate
finger. Prosternal spine rather heavy, directed gently to the rear, the apex blunt. Prosternal lobes
rounded internally, separated by a space a little narrower than long. Anterior and middle femora

gently enlarged.
Length of body, ¢, 21; of pronotum 5, of tegmina 4°5, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Cuernavaca in Morelos (C. C. Deam).

A single male, captured on January 4th. This insect is remarkably hairy and
rugose. |
PHADROTETTIX, Scudder.

Fhedrotettix, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad, Arts & Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 196 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 9, 22 (1897).

The present genus is confined to Northern Mexico and extreme Southern Texas,

where, so far as our present knowledge goes, it is represented by a single wingless

species.

1. Phedrotettix angustipennis, Scudd.

Pezotettix angustipennis, Bruner, MS.
Phedrotettiz angustipennis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 22, 28, t. 2. fig. 7 (1897)*; Rehn,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 534°.
Hab. North America, Corpus Christi Bay, Texas!.—Mexico, Mount Alvarez in
San Luis Potosi!, Camancho in Zacatecas, Victoria in Tamaulipas ?.

This little locust was quite plentiful in open, rather dry localities in the vicinity of
Camancho, Zacatecas, where the present writer took it in November.

CONALCAEA, Scudder.
Conalcea, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 196 (Jan. 1897); Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 9, 23 (1897).

Conalcea, like the preceding genus of the group ‘‘ Melanopli,” is confined in its
distribution to the arid regions of the extreme Southern United States and Northern
Mexico. Several species are known. They may be separated by Scudder’s table as
published in his “ Revision of the Melanopli” (Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.).

1. Conalcea miguelitana, Scudd.
Conalcea miguelitana, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 24, t. 2. fig. 8 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta America, Arizona (colls. L. Bruner and U.S. Nat. Mus.).—Mexico,
Sierra de San Miguelito in San Luis Potosi! (Dr. Palmer), Ciudad in Durango
&100 feet (forrer).

CONALCHA.—BARYTETTIX. 305

9. Conalcwa truncatipennis, Scudd.
Conalcea truncatipennis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 25 (1897).

Hab. Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila !.

Not represented in the material studied.

8. Conalczea neomexicana, Scudd.
Conalcea neomexicana, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 26, t. 2. fig. 9 (1897)'; Caudell, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xxviii. p. 476 (1905) *.
? Pezotettix humphreysui, Thom. Rep. Geogr. and Geol. Expl. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 890, t. 45.
fig. 1 (1875) ° (in part.).
Hab. Nortu America, Silver City in New Mexico!, Huachuca Mts. ? and Phcenix in
Arizona (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect, like C. miguelitana, is very variable in size and colour. While the
type only measured 19, the Phcenix specimen quoted is 25 millimetres in length.
C. neomexicana will certainly be found in the adjacent portion of Mexico.

[BARYTETTIX, Scudder.

Barytettiz, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxx1i. no. 9, p. 197 (Jan. 1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 10, 27 (1897).

The members of the genus Barytettix remind one a little of a small Brachystola in
their general appearance. The two known species appear to be confined to the Pacific
coast region in the vicinity of Cape St. Lucas.

1. Barytettix crassus, Scudd. (Tab. IV. figg. 8, 8a, 3, 3; 9, 2.)
Barytettiz crassus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 28, t. 2. fig. 10 (1897) *.

Hab. Lowrr Cauirornia, San José del Cabo}.

There are a number of specimens of both sexes in the present writer’s collection.
The females are much larger and more robust than the opposite sex, some of them
measuring fully 40 millimetres in length. .

2. Barytettix peninsule, Scudd.
Barytettiz peninsula, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 28 (1897) ’.

Hab. Lower Catirornyia 1.

Only the type is at hand. It is much smaller than the preceding species. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., September 1908. 2 Rr

306 ORTHOPTERA.

PHAULOTETTTIX, Scudder.
Phaulotettiz, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 197 (Jan. 1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 10, 29 (1897). .

This is another genus of the wingless or brachypterous ‘‘ Melanopli” that is confined
to the arid regions of Northern Mexico.

1. Phaulotettix compressus, Scudd.
Phaulotettix compressus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 80, t. 2. fig. 11 (1897) °.

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez in Coahuila}.

Not contained in the material studied nor known to the present writer.

CEPHALOTETTIX, Scudder.
Cephalotettiz, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. p. 197 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
pp. 10, 30 (1897).
The present genus is composed of a small, inconspicuous, subapterous form peculiar
to Mexico. ‘I'wo specimens only of C. parvulus are known.

1. Cephalotettix parvulus, Scudd.
Pezotettiz parvulus, McNeill, MS.
Cephalotettiz parvulus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 31 (1897)’.
Pezotettiz olivaceus, Bruner, MS.

Hab. Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz’ (L. Bruner), Orizaba1 (W. S. Blatchley).

This insect bears a striking resemblance to Melanoplus geniculatus, which is also

found in the same general region. ‘The specimen from Atoyac was captured in
December.

RHABDOTETTIX, Scudder. |
Rhabdotettiz, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci, xxxii. no. 9, p. 197 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 10, 32 (1897).
This is another genus of “ Melanopli” composed of brachypterous forms of moderate
size, the distribution of which seems to be chiefly in the neighbourhood of the inter-

national boundary-line between Mexico and the United States. Three species have
been described.

1. Rhabdotettix concinnus, Scudd.
Rhabdotettiz concinnus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xx. p. 83, t. 3. fig. 2 (1897) *.
Hab. NortH America, Waco, Texas !.

RHABDOTETTIX.—CYCLOCERCUS. 307

This insect undoubtedly reaches southward and westward into Mexican territory,
since the two other representatives of the genus are confined to that country.

2. Rhabdotettix palmeri, Scudd.
Rhabdotetti« palmert, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xx, p. 34, t. 3. fig. 3 (1897) '.

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez, Coahuila !.

3. Rhabdotettix pilosus, Stal.
Pezotettix pilosus, Stal, Bihang till Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, pp. 10, 11 (1878) ’.
Paraidemona pilosa, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893).
Rhahdotettix pilosus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 85 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico !-3,

This insect is unknown to the present writer.

CYCLOCERCUS, Scudder.

Cyclocercus, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii, no. 9, p. 197 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx. pp. 10, 36 (1897).

Cyclocercus is still another genus of short-winged medium-sized locusts peculiar to
Northern Mexico and Southern Texas. Three species were included in it by Scudder,
and a fourth is now added, the last-named coming closest to C. accola. The previously
known forms were tabulated on p. 37 of Scudder’s Revision of the ‘ Melanopli.”

1. Cyclocercus bistrigatus, Scudd. |
Cyclocercus bistrigata, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 387, t. 3. fig. 4 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico, Venis Mecas and Alvarez Mts. in San Luis Potosi and Sierra Nola in

‘Tamaulipas }.

2. Cyclocercus accola, Scudd.
Cyclocercus accola, Scudd. Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 38, t. 3. fig. 5 (1897) '.

Hab. Norta America, Corpus Christi Bay, Texas !—Mexico, Tampico (coll. Il].
State Lab. Nat. Hist.), Villa Lerdo in Durango (LZ. Bruner).

3. Cyclocercus gracilis, sp. n.

A small, slender insect in which the distinguishing character is the peculiar modification of the posterior
edge of the last dorsal segment of the g-abdomen. Instead of being narrow and straight, or nearly so,
it is rather wide and projects upon the supra-anal plate in a broad triangular lobe on each side of the
middle, these lobes being nearly half as wide as the basal portion of the plate and almost one-half as
long as broad.

Head about as broad as the front edge of the pronotum; eyes somewhat prominent, fully twice as long as
that portion of the cheeks below them, the posterior margin more rounded than the anterior, separated

2 Rr2

308

ORTHOPTERA.

above by a space a little wider than the diameter of the second antennal joint; fastigium decidedly
sulcate and greatly depressed, gently widening from the vertex anteriorly ; frontal costa fairly prominent
and fully twice the width of the vertex, shallowly sulcate throughout, continuous and of nearly equal
width to the clypeus. Antenne filiform, robust, as long as the head and the pronotum together.
Pronotum gently widening behind, rather strongly and rugosely punctulate on the disc, the sides glabrous,
the median carina prominent on the anterior, but almost obliterated on the posterior lobe, not severed
by the sulci, the hind margin very broadly and roundly emarginate. Tegmina linear or gently spatulate,
nearly or quite reaching the hind margin of the first abdominal segment. Auditory-apparatus large and
almost circular. Abdomen slender, decidedly carinate above, gently clavate, the apex a little upturned,
the last ventral segment triangular, blunt at the tip; supra-anal plate plain, triangular, with the sides
somewhat rounded, provided with a narrow groove at the middle of the base; cerci about two-thirds as
long as the supra-anal plate, slender, tapering, directed gently inwards. Interspace between the meso-
sternal lobes one-half longer than wide; prosternal spine moderately elongate, robust, acuminate,
retrorse. Hind femora projecting about one-third of their length beyond the tip of the abdomen ; hind
tibiee with nine spines in the outer row.

Colour brunneo-testaceous, with a dark piceous band on each side reaching from the hind margin of the

eyes across the upper half of the lateral lobes of the pronotum and extending obliquely downwards across
the meso- and metapleura to the insertion of the hind femora. Sides of the abdomen also provided with
a conspicuous piceous area, which gradually narrows towards the apex, where it fades away on the
eighth segment. Occiput and disc of the pronotum largely fuscous, bordered on each side by a narrow
inconspicuous testaceous line. The dorsum of the abdomen also of this latter colour, as is the ventral
portion of the body. Hind femora testaceous above, olivaceous or flavous below, the internal and external .
faces more or less strongly infuscated, as are the knees ; the hind tibie glaucous. Lower third of the
sides of the pronotum and a conspicuous oblique line in advance of each coxa dirty white or pale
testaceous. Tegmina dark brown.

Length of body, 6,13; of pronotum 3, of tegmina 2°25, of hind femora 8-25 millim.
Hab. Mexico, Tampico (coll. Lil. State Lab. Nat. Hist.).

Two males, captured in December. This insect approaches C. accola, Scudd., most
closely in size and colour, but differs from it in the form of the last dorsal segment of

the

=

male abdomen as described above.

4, Cyclocercus valgus, Scudd.

Cyclocercus valga, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 89, t. 3. fig. 6 (1897) ’.
Hab. Mexico, Sierra Nola, Tamaulipas 1.

Not contained in the material studied, nor is it known to the present writer.

SINALOA, Scudder.

Sinaloa, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 197 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.

xx. pp. 10, 40 (1897).

Another genus of moderate-sized, brachypterous “ Melanopli” which in its distri-
bution is confined to N.W. Mexico. Two species have been described, but one of
them seems to belong to Calotettiz.

SINALOA.—CALOTETTIX. 309

1. Sinaloa behrensi, Scudd. (Tab. IV. figg. 11, 11 a-c, 3.)
Sinaloa behrensi, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 40, t. 3. fig. 7 (1897) °.

Hab. Mexico, Sinaloa!, Mazatlan (forrer).

The insect (¢) from Mazatlan which has been determined as this species has the
hind tibiz coral-red, instead of ‘‘ flavous or flavo-testaceous ” as described by Scudder.

CALOTETTIX, gen. nov.

This Melanoplid genus approaches Sinaloa, Scudder, and Paraidemona, Brunner, but
differs from both of them in the characters as set forth in the synoptic table of the
genera (anted, p. 219). Four species are represented in the material studied,
C. bicoloripes being taken as the type. They may be separated as follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Calotettix.

A’. General colour bright yellowish-green, conspicuously marked with
flavous. Hind femora not banded with fuscous.
6’. Lateral pale bands of the disc of the pronotum continuous to its
hind margin ; hind tibize with the apical two-fifths red ; hind femora
not varied with yellow . . . woe ee we ew ew ee OL bicoloripes, sp. n.
6°. Lateral pale bands of the disc of the pronotum terminating at the
last transverse sulcus; hind tibie with the apical five-sixths red ;
hind femora varied with yellow . . . . ... . . . . . 2 flavopictus, sp. n.
A’*, General colour brownish-olive or wood-brown, not conspicuously
marked with flavous. Hind femora more or less conspicuously
banded with fuscous.
6‘. Abdomen faintly carinate above. Hind tibie and tarsi basally
verditer-blue, the apical portion and tarsi scarlet-vermilion. The
hind femora on inner face showing dusky bands. . . . . 93. brevispinis, Rehn.
6’. Abdomen rather strongly carinate above. Hind tibiz and tarsi ‘for
the most part coral-red. The upper edge of hind femora showing
faint transverse fuscous bands . . . . . . . . 4 s+) 4 obscurus, sp. n.

1. Calotettix bicoloripes, sp. n.

Rather robust, the hind femora slightly surpassing the tip of the abdomen.

General colour yellowish-green, varied on the head and pronotum with flavous. Hind tibiz basally glaucous,
apically and the tarsi carmine.

Head moderately large, as wide as, or a trifle wider than, the front edge of the pronotum, in which it is sunk
almost to the eyes; occiput gently ascending above the plane of the pronotum; vertex narrow, no
broader than the diameter of the second antennal joint, sulcate, the fastigium depressed, blunt; frontal
costa prominent, a little more than twice as wide as the vertex between the eyes, coarsely punctate
above, sulcate below the antenne, continuons to the clypeus, its lateral carine coarse; lateral carine of
the face prominent, rather strongly divergent, straight; eyes large, prominent, elliptical, nearly double
the length of the cheeks below them; antenne filiform, as long as the head and thorax eombined.
Pronotum subcylindrical, slightly expanding on the hind lobe, the surface glabrous, but more or less

310 ORTHOPTERA.

closely and rugosely punctate on the disc above, more distantly and coarsely so on the front lobe, while
on the hind one the punctuation is close and fine; front edge rounded, hind margin truncate, the
transverse sulci rather profound, continuous, median carina fairly prominent. Tegmina lateral, twice
as long as broad, extending a little beyond the first abdominal segment, the veins prominent, pale.
Abdomen plainly carinate above, the apex in the ¢ gently clavate; last ventral segment short, bluntly
acuminate, the apex entire; supra-anal plate triangular, somewhat rounded at the sides, rather deeply
but narrowly sulcate in the centre basally ; marginal apophyses of the preceding segment in the form
of small, cylindrical, attingent fingers that are about twice as long as broad and project into the basal
part of the sulcus of the plate; cerci moderately broad, flattened, and gently tapering, a little more .
than twice as long as their basal width, the posterior apical edge obliquely docked. Prosternal spine
pyramidal, rather long, robust, subquadrate, straight, the apex roundly acuminate ; interspace between
the mesosternal lobes about twice as long as wide. Posterior femora moderately robust, somewhat
hirsute ; hind tibie also hirsute, provided with ten spines in the outer row. Abdomen likewise hirsute,
especially apically beneath. |

General colour as described above. Antenne pale testaceous basally, becoming ferruginous apically. Occiput,
posterior edge of cheeks narrowly, a conspicuous band along each side of the disc, three conspicuous
patches on the sides and alternating dashes along the front margin throughout, and the hind margin of
the disc of the pronotum, bright yellow. There are likewise oblique dashes of this same colour on the
pleura and several dots along the lower external carina of the hind femora. Abdomen above dark
fuscous-olive, darkest basally, the segments marked with inverted <-shaped testaceous patches, the
basal ones most apparent. Legs greenish, the lunate arcs of the apices of the hind femora piceous, the
genicular lobes whitish apically ; tibize as described above.

Length of body, ¢, 19; of pronotum 4°5, of tegmina 3, of hind femora 11, of antenne 9°5 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Victoria in Tamaulipas (O. W. Barrett, in coll. L. Bruner).

2. Calotettix flavopictus, sp. n.

A robust insect in which the hind femora are conspicuously marked across the upper edge and along the
carine of their outer face with flavous. Hind tibie for the most part red, only the immediate base
glaucous.

Head as broad as the front edge of the pronotum; vertex a trifle wider than the diameter of the first antennal
joint, the lateral edges of the fastigium flavous; frontal costa broad and coarse, very shallowly sulcate,
impunctate ; lateral carine of the face strongly divergent. Antenne no longer than the combined
length of the head and the pronotum. yes not prominent, somewhat acuminate above, the front edge
nearly straight, one-third or one-half longer than the infra-ocular portion of the cheeks. Pronotum
strongly divergent posteriorly, the transverse sulci profound; hind lobe closely, the front one sparsely
punctate, anterior edge strongly margined ; the posterior lobe a little shorter than the anterior one.
Tegmina about twice as long as broad, rather closely veined, the veins pale, interspaces dusky, reaching
the hind margin of the first abdominal segment. Hind femora robust, not reaching the tip of the
abdomen by a space equal to their greatest breadth. Valves of the ovipositor slender, of medium length,
rather strongly hooked. Prosternal spine smaller than in C. bicoloripes; space between the mesosternal
lobes quadrate, about as long as wide.

General colour greenish, varied with yellow. The yellow lines on the sides of the disc of the pronotum
ending at the last transverse sulcus, The inverted <-shaped marks prominent on the dorsum of the
three basal segments of the abdomen, obliterated beyond. Hind femora deep olive, crossed above and
internally by three yellow bands, the carine of the outer face conspicuously marked with elongate
flavous dashes. Antenne yellowish.

Length of body, 2, 27; of pronotum 6, of tegmina 3°35, of hind femora 14 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez, Coahuila (£. Palmer ; colls. 8. H. Scudder and L. Bruner).

Three females.

CALOTETTIX.—AGR(CCOTETTIX. dll

8. Calotettix brevispinis, Rehn.
Sinaloa brevispinis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, pp. 585, 536°.

Hab. Mexico, Victoria in Tamaulipas !.

This insect is represented in the present writer’s collection by one of the female
co-types. It comes very near the following species.

4, Calotettix obscurus, sp. n.

This insect, which is the smallest of the known species belonging to the genus, is characterized by its general
dark brownish-olive colour and rather slender form, and in having the hind tibie almost wholly red.
Head short, very little broader than the front edge of the pronotum, into which it fits almost to the hind
edge of the large and somewhat prominent eyes. The latter elliptical, of about the same form in front
and behind, nearly twice as long as the cheeks below them, and separated at the vertex above by a space
little or no wider than the diameter of the second antennal joint. Vertex narrowly but deeply sulcate,
the fastigium or vertex anteriad of the eyes roundly depressed and ovately sulcate, the margins
prominent; frontal costa prominent, gently sulcate and grossly punctate, its sides contracted at a point
just below the ocellus, but immediately resuming the general width and continuous to the clypeus.
Antenne moderately stout (broken in the specimen at hand), the basal joint nearly twice as broad as
the vertex between the eyes. Pronotum subcylindrical, only a little expanding behind, the anterior
lobe coarsely and irregularly punctate above, nearly twice the length of the posterior one, whieh is
much more closely and finely punctate, the median carina strong throughout, interrupted by all three
sulci; the posterior margin of the disc squarely truncate. Tegmina lateral, broadly spatulate,
unicolorous, numerously and coarsely reticulated, their apices reaching the hind margin of the first
abdominal segment. Hind femora robust, extending beyond the tip of the abdomen by the length of
their knees. Abdomen rather coarsely rugose and punctate above, provided with a conspicuous but
blunt dorsal carina, scarcely clavate apically ; last ventral segment triangular, short, gently upturned,
the apex entire; supra-anal plate plain, elongate-triangular, the middle of the basal half deeply and
narrowly sulcate; the marginal apophyses of the preceding segment finger-like, minute, and attingent,
resting in the sulcature of the supra-anal plate at its base. Cerci lamellate, as long as the plate, of
nearly equal width, slightly sulcate externally, and with the lower apical edge obliquely docked.
Prosternal spine coarse and prominent, about one and one-half times as long as broad at the base,

directed gently to the rear. Hind tibie provided with ten spines in the outer row.

General colour very dark brownish-olive, varied with testaceous and piceous on the head, pronotum, and
abdomen ; the limbs, especially the hind pair, decidedly olivaceous. Sides of pronotum with indications
of a rather broad piceous band, followed below by an oblique testaceous one, the former interrupted in
the middle by a patch of olive-brown. The edges of the disc of the pronotum and the hind margins of
the eyes on the occiput show traces of the testaceous bands which in both C. bicoloripes and C. fluvopictus
are yellow and so plainly visible. The <-shaped marks of the dorsum of the abdominal segments and
the transverse bands on the upper edge of the hind femora are also faintly testaceous in the present
species, whereas in the others, when present, they are conspicuous and yellow. Hind tibie and tarsi red,
the former brownish basally.

Length of body, ¢, 15:5; of pronotum 3°6, of tegmina 2°85, of hind femora 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Tampico (coll. L. Bruner).

A single male, captured in December.

AGRCECOTETTIX, gen. nov.

A genus composed of medium-sized, brachypterous, dark-coloured locusts in which the body is rather coarse
and loosely jointed. Head large and broader than the front edge of the pronotum. Pronotum rather
longer than usual, prominently bordered all round, the front lobe tumid at the sides, the hind lobe

312 ORTHOPTERA.

expanding, the median carina conspicuous and gently arcuate in front of the last transverse sulcus,
widely severed by all the sulci, the hind margin truncate. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes
a little longer than wide. Hind femora robust, about as long as the abdomen, the latter gently tapering,
without a prominent dorsal carina.

1. Agrecotettix modestus, sp.n. (Lab. IV. figg. 13, 13a, 2.)

General colour brunneo-testaceous varied with dark brown and black. The basal abdominal segments above
varied with pale <-shaped markings bordered by black. Hind femora conspicuously banded with fuscous
internally, across the upper edge, and externally above the middle, the bands on the external face
strongly oblique, above and internally transverse ; apex, except the genicular lobes, which are largely
dirty-white, black ; hind tibiz cinereous, heavily conspersed with black on the basal half, apically tinged
with purple. Head irregularly conspersed and banded with fuscous ; occiput broadly in the centre and
the cheeks back of the eyes banded with piceous. Middle of the disc and sides of the pronotum banded
with black; on the sides below the black bands are two large dark testaceous or fawn-coloured spots,
and there are similarly-coloured dashes on the pleura of the meso- and metathorax. Lower outer carina
of the hind femora conspicuously dashed with black. Antenne infuscated apically, paler at base.

Vertex between the eyes slightly wider than the diameter of the basal antennal joint, the sulcature rather
profound and broadening anteriorly; the fastigium coarse and depressed; frontal costa broad and
prominent above, becoming less so below, sulcate near the ocellus, sparsely punctate above; lateral or
facial carine prominent, somewhat sinuose; occiput bulging and slightly ascending. Eyes moderately
large and rather prominent, a little longer than the cheeks below them. Pronotum coarsely and sparsely
punctate on the front, closely and finely so on the hind lobe. Tegmina lateral, ovate, reaching the hind
edge of the first abdominal segment, rather closely and strongly veined. Metapleura strongly bicarinate
in advance of the hind coxe. Prosternal spine broad, subquadrate at the base, pyramidal, acuminate,
the apex very gently directed to the front.

Length of body, 2, 31; of pronotum 6°85, of tegmina 4:5, of hind femora 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango (L. Bruner).

A single female, captured in November. ‘This insect has been placed next to
Calotettix on account of the picturing of the femoral and dorsal abdominal carine,
as referred to in the description above and in the synoptic table of the genera
(antea, p. 219). |

PARAIDEMONA, Brunner.

Paraidemona, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) (in part.) ; Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad.
Art. Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 197 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 10, 41 (1897).

Paraidemona contains at least a couple of species of small apterous locusts which
are distributed over South-western Texas and North-eastern Mexico. They frequent
more or less arid regions.

1. Paraidemona punctata, Stal.

Pezotettiz punctatus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 11 (1878)’.

Pezotettix nudus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 77 (1879)°; Cent. Orthopt. p. 66
(1879) *; Bruner, Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. iii. p. 59 (1883) *.

Paraidemona punctata, Brunner, Rev, Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893)°; Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 42, t. 3. figg. 8, 9 (1897) °.

PARAIDEMONA.—CAMPYLACANTHA, 313

Hab. Nortu America!*, Dimit Co., Texas (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect certainly occurs across the Rio Grande in Mexican Territory,.since the
next species is common at Tampico, Tamaulipas.

2. Paraidemona mimica, Scudd. (Tab. IV. figg. 20, 20a, 4, 3.)
Paraidemona mimica, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 48, t. 3. fig. 10 (1897)*; Caudell,
op. cit. xxvi. p. 796 (1903) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Texas! 2,—Murxico, Tampico (coll. Jil. St. Lab. Nat. Hist.).

AIDEMONA, Brunner.

Pezotettix, in part.
Aidemona, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) ; Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. “Art. Sci. Xxxil.
no. 9, p. 198 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 10, 44 (1897).

This is one of the most widely distributed of the several Mexican genera belonging
to the group “ Melanopli.” It occurs from South-western Texas to Costa Rica, and
perhaps even enters South America. Whether only a single variable species occurs
over this wide area, or several distinct forms represent the genus, I am not prepared
at present to state. There is, however, considerable variation noticeable among the
individuals coming from different localities. The genus is reported by nearly every
writer on Mexican and Central-American Acridiide.

1. Aidemona azteca, Sauss.

Platyphyma aztecum, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 161 (1861)*; Orthopt. Nov. Amer.
ii. p. 12 (1861) *; Walk. Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 716 (1870) °; Thomas, Rep, U.S.
Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 223 (1873) *.

Pezotettix aztecus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 10 (1878) °.

Aidemona azteca, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) °; Baker, Invert. Pacif. i. p. 76
(1905) 7; Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 45 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico !~*, San Luis Potosi, Aguas Calientes, Vera Cruz, Tehuantepec, &c.’;

NICARAGUA, Realejo 8, 8, Chinandega and San Marcos’; Costa Rica (coll. L. Bruner).

There are many Mexican and Central-American localities represented by the
material at hand. |

CAMPYLACANTHA, Scudder.
Hypochlora, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) (in part.).
Campylacantha, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 198 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. pp. 10, 48 (1897).

The present genus is more northerly in its distribution than several of those recorded
on the preceding pages. Still, one of its representatives enters Mexican territory
several hundreds of miles. The various species have been tabulated by Scudder (Coc. cit.).

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Voi. II., September 1908. 28s

314 ORTHOPTERA.,

1. Campylacantha acutipennis, Scudd.
Pezotetitizg acutipennis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvil. p. 472 (1875)'; Ent. Notes, iv.
p. 71 (1875)*; Cent. Orthopt. p. 16 (1879) °; Bruner, Bull. Washb. Coll. i. p. 186 (1885) *.
Hypochlora acutipennis, Brunner, Rev. Syst. Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) ’.
Campylacantha acutipennis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 50, t. 4. fig. 3 (1897) °.

Hab. Nort America, Texas!~4°, Kansas 5° &c. (LZ. Bruner).

This insect is certainly distributed further to the westward, so as to cross the Rio
Grande into Mexican territory. It is common in weed-patches, where it occurs most
frequently on different species of Helianthus.

(2. Campylacantha olivacea, Scudd. |
Peczotettix olivaceus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 472 (1875)*; Ent. Notes, iv. p. 71

(1875)*; Cent. Orthopt. p. 16 (1879)°; Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. iil. p. 27 (1898) *.
Campylacantha olivacea, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 51, t. 4. fig. 4 (1897) ’.

Hab. Norta America, Texas 1—-°5 and northward ¢.

While this form, or species, is found throughout the ereater part of Texas, it seems
to be most common northward. It may also reach Mexican territory. |

3. Campylacantha similis, Scudd.
Campylacantha similis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 52, t. 4. fig. 5 (1897)’.

Hab. Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango 1.

Specimens of this insect were collected in November, among rather rank vegetation
growing along an irrigating diteh.

HESPEROTETTIX, Scudder.

Hesperotettiz, Scudd. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. ii. p- 262 (1875); Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci.
XXxil. no. 9, p. 199 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 11, 55 (1897); Bruner, Bull.
Colorado Exp. Station, No. 94, pp. 62, 63 (1908).

Hesperotettiz is a well-defined genus, the representatives of which are fairly evenly
dispersed over North America between 18° and 54° N. lat. The species are, for the
most part, fully winged and of a prevailing green or greenish colour. They were
tabulated by Scudder (doc. cit.), and more recently by the present writer (Bulletin
Colorado Exp. Station, No. 94, pp. 62, 63).

1. Hesperotettix viridis, Thomas.
Caloptenus viridis, Thom. Ann, Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. p. 450, t. 2. fig. 3 (1872); Glover,
Illustr. Ns Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 2. fig. 3 (1872) *.
Ommatolampis viridis, Thom. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 156 (1878) ° (in part.).
Hesperotettiz viridis, Uhler, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. iii. p. 795 (1877) * (in part.) ; Scudd.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 57, t. 4. fig. 8 (1897) *.

HESPEROTETTIX. 315

Hab. Nortu America, Southern States !~>,— Mexico 5,

The present insect is one of the most widely-distributed members of the genus.
It seems to be partial to several species of small yellow-flowered Composites as food-
plants, and occurs in numbers wherever these plants are found.

2. Hesperotettix meridionalis, Scudd.
Hesperotetiiz meridionalis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 59, t. 4. fig. 9 (1897)*; Rehn,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 537°.

Hab. Mexico, Guanajuato and Sierra Nola !, La Joya in San Luis Potosi ?. |

3. Hesperotettix festivus, Scudd.
Hesperotettix festivus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 60, t. 4. fig. 10 (1897) 1; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 73”.
Hab. Norta America, Los Angeles Co., California!, Arizona? and New Mexico
(coll. L. Bruner).

fH. festivus will certainly be found further southward in Sonora and Chihuahua,
Mexico. |

4. Hesperotettix pratensis, Scudd.
Hesperotettic pratensis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 64, t. 5. fig. 3 (1897) *.
Hab. Norta. AMERICA, various localities from Manitoba to Texas and from the
Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean !.—Mexico, Orizaba (coll. L. Bruner).

The Mexican specimen is not quite typical, and may represent a closely allied
species, as suggested by Scudder.

5. Hesperotettix speciosus, Scudd.

Pezotettix speciosus, Scudd. Final Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Nebr. p. 250 (1871)*; Glover, Illustr.
N. Am. Ent., Orthopt. t. 17. fig. 4 (1874) °.

Hypochlora speciosa, Brunner, Rev. Syst., Orthopt. p. 145 (1893) *.

Hesperotettiz speciosus, Seudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 66, t. 5. fig. 4 (1897) *.

Acridium frontalis, Thom, Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. p. 448, t. 2. fig. 1 (1872) °.

Hab. Norta AMERICA, various localities from the Dakotas to Northern Mexico ->,—
Mexico, Northern Chihuahua (coll, L. Bruner).

The present species is somewhat aberrant in its general structure, and varies greatly
in size, the southern specimens being much larger than those from its northern range.

Another species, H. pacificus, Scudder, which is common about Los Angeles,
California, is also likely to occur in Lower California and the northern part of Sonora,

although no records of such distribution of the insect are at hand.
28s 2

316 ORTHOPTERA.

ZZEOLOPLUS, Scudder. |
AZoloplus, Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. no. 9, p. 199 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx. pp. 11, 68 (1897). .

Zoloplus contains about a dozen moderate-sized locusts that bear resemblances to
both Hesperotettix and Melanoplus. All the forms are distributed over the austral
and Sonoran regions of North America. They appear to choose as food-plants repre-
sentatives of several genera of the Chenopodiacee, hence are more or less restricted
to localities in which these plants grow... Scudder gives a synopsis of the species in’
his Revision of the “Melanopli.” The following forms have been recorded from,
or are likely to occur in, “ Biologia” territory. .

1. Moloplus tenuipennis, Scudd.
Aoloplus tenuipennis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 70, t. 5. fig. 5 (1897) ’.

Hab. Nort America, Fort Grant, Arizona !.

While no specimens are at hand from “Biologia” territory, it is quite safe to —
include 4. tenuipennis in our list, since the food-habits of the various species are
such as to insure a rather wide distribution.

2. Holoplus elegans, Scudd.
HHoloplus elegans, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 71, t. 5. fig. 6 (1897)+; Scudd. & Cocker.
Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 41 (1902) *.

Hab. Norta America, Las Cruces, New Mexico! ?.

Like the preceding species, this should also be looked for in Northern Mexico.

8, Aoloplus crassus, Scudd.
AXoloplus crassus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. ix. p. 42 (1902) *.

Hab. North America, Mescalero Reservation, N. Mexico ?!.—Mexico, San Luis
Potosi 4.

4, Holoplus plagosus, Scudd.
Pezotettix plagosus, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 504 (1877) ?.
Ajoloplus plagosus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 76, t. 6. fig. 1 (1897).

Hab. Nortu America, Northern New Mexico !~?, Southern Arizona (coll. L. Bruner),

5. Moloplus uniformis, Scudd.
Aoloplus uniformis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 77, t. 6. fig. 2 (1897).

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona’ (coll. L. Bruner), Nevada ',

ZAZOLOPLUS.—MELANOPLUS. 317

6. Adoloplus arizonensis, Scudd.
Afoloplus arizonensis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 78, t. 6. fig. 3 (1897)".

Hab. North America, Mohave Desert and Fort Whipple, Arizona}, Tucson
(coll. L. Bruner).

7. Aoloplus oculatus, Scudd.
oloplus oculatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 79, t. 6. fig. 4 (1897) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Mohave Desert and Mohave, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner).

Probably the only reason for not having records for this and several of the
preceding species from Mexican territory is because there are no collections available
from that region.

| MELANOPLUS, Stal.

Acridium, auct. in part.

Gryllus, auct. in part.

Caloptenus, auct. in part.

Pezotetliz, auct. in part.

Melanoplus, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 79 (1873); Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 18, 120
(1897), &c.

Melanoplus is by far the most extensive genus of American locusts or short-horned
grasshoppers, since it contains upwards of one hundred and fifty so-called species.
The group seems to be confined to the North-American continent, where the different
representatives are generally distributed, although the species seem to be most
abundant in the temperate zone and in mountainous regions. With but few excep-
tions, they are frequenters of grassy glades rather than denizens of the forests or
tree-covered areas. The species vary much among themselves with reference to size,
colour, wing-length, &c. ‘They are best separated by the male-characters, 7.¢. by the
form of the supra-anal plate, the last ventral segment of the abdomen, and the cerci.
Some of them are very widely distributed, while others are much restricted, and
several are to be classed among the pests of the country, while two or three are
decidedly migratory in habit. The genus has been carefully monographed by
Samuel H. Scudder, hence will receive but passing notice here—a mere list with
habitat of such forms as belong to *‘ Biologia” territory being given. A single new
species is also described herewith.

1. Melanoplus marculentus, Scudd.
Pezotettix marculentus, Bruner, MS.
Melanoplus marculentus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 139, t. 10. fig. 1 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico, numerous localities on the tablelands of the northern half of the
country ! (coll. L. Bruner).

318 ORTHOPTERA.

This species does not occur south of Aguas Calientes, so far as the material at hand
would indicate. Neither does it reach the United States.

2. Melanoplus sonore, Scudd. |
Melanoplus sonore, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 143, t. 10. fig. 3 (1897)*; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 51°.

Hab. Norta America, Huachuca Mts., Arizona 2.—Mexico, Sonora !.

Not known to the present writer. See Rehn’s discussion under J. lakinus ?.

3. Melanoplus cuneatus, Scudd.
Melanoplus cuneatus, Bruner, MS.
Melanoplus cuneatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 147, t. 10. fig. 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta AMERICA, various localities in Southern Arizona and New Mexico !
(coll. L. Bruner).—Mexico, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. 7. Townsend).

4, Melanoplus flabellifer, Scudd.
Melanoplus flabellifer, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 148, t. 10. fig. 6 (1897) *.

Hab. Norte AMERICA, a number of localities in New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah
(coll. L. Bruner).—Mexico, Zacatecas ! (coll. L. Bruner).

5. Melanoplus picturatus, sp. n.
? Melanoplus regalis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 55.

Very similar to A. regalis, Dodge, in general build and colour, but larger and provided with proportionately
longer and broader tegmina and wings.

Head about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum ; eyes not prominent, straight in front, about as long
as that portion of the cheeks below them, separated above by a space equal to the width of the frontal
costa at the ocellus; fastigium rather strongly declivant, broadly and profoundly sulcate, the sulcature
of nearly equal width throughout, the occiput noticeably projecting above the eyes. Pronotum with the
anterior lobe subcylindrical, the hind lobe much expanding, the two lobes about equal in length, the
transverse sulci deeply impressed, infuscated, hind edge of the disc produced into a right angle; median
carina visible throughout, much stronger on the hind than on the front lobe. Tegmina and wings

_ surpassing the tip of the abdomen and the apex of the hind femora by about 3 mm., rather sparsely and
lightly veined. Hind femora robust, their length a very little more than three times their greatest
width. Prosternal spine coarse, and comparatively long, retrorse, the sides parallel before the outer
third, the apex bluntly acuminate. Mesosternal lobes separated by a space as wide as long.

General colour above flavo-testaceous, with apple-green on the vertex, occiput, anterior edge of disc and the
middle and sides of the hind lobe of the prenotum, and the upper edge of the hind femora. A deep
piceous <-shaped patch on the occiput and similarly-coloured bands on the cheeks back of the eyes;
all the sulci of the pronotum and pleura likewise darkened. Hind femora externally cream-coloured
and vinous, below and internally bright blood-red, provided above with two broad, transverse, fuscous
patches, one just before and the other a little beyond the middle. Tegmina with a discal row of
prominent black dots alternating with patches of white. The lunules and an internal pregenicular
band black, that portion below the lunules and beyond the transverse black band bluish, becoming

MELANOPLUS. | 319

ivory-white apically ; hind tibize on their immediate base ivory-white, for the rest deep bluish-glaucous,
the spines white, black-tipped, the tarsi largely ivory-white.
Length of body, 2, 30; of pronotum 8, of tegmina 24, of hind femora 16, of antenne 10 millim.

Hab. Mexico, Colonia Garcia, Chihuahua (C. H. 7. Townsend).

One female. There is another female specimen of the genus Melanoplus at hand
which comes rather close to the one just described, but it is a little more slender in
form and lacks the green tinge of the head and pronotum of MV. picturatus, while the
sulci are not infuscated or the hind femora so vividly coloured. Possibly the insect
referred to by Rehn (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 55) as . regalis, Dodge,
belongs to the present species.

6. Melanoplus herbaceus, Bruner.
Melanoplus herbaceus, Bruner, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. xxviii. pp. 25, 26, figg. 13a, 6
(1893) *; Sceudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 158, t. 10. fig. 10 (1897) *.
Holoplus crassus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 723 (teste Caudell) °.
Hab. Norrn America, El Paso, Texas, Las Gruces, New Mexico and Fort Grant,
Arizona? (coll. L. Bruner).—MeExico, Ciudad Juarez (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect is very common along the banks of the Rio Grande and its lower
tributaries, where it occurs, according to Prof. 'T. D. A. Cockerell, on Pluchea borealis
as a, food-plant.

7. Melanoplus flavescens, Scudd.
Melanoplus flavescens, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 155, t. 11. fig. 1 (1897) °.

Hab. Nortu America, San Diego, California !.

Doubtless reaches Mexican territory, the same remark applying to the following
species. |

8. Melanoplus pictus, Scudd.
Melanoplus pictus, Bruner, MS.
Melanoplus pictus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 156, t. 11. fig. 2 (1897)'; Rehn, Proc.
' Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 77’.

Hab. Norra America, Arizona, Bradshaw Mt.! (coll. L. Bruner), Phoenix ?.

[9. Melanoplus browni, Caudell.
Melanoplus brownii, Caud. Canad. Ent. xxxiv. p. 169 (1902)’; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.

1907, p. 73°.
Hab: Norta America, Yuma‘, Baboquivari Mts., Arizona ?.

This insect is unknown to the present writer, but, if distinct, comes close to
M. bowditchi and its allies. ]

320 ORTHOPTERA.

10. Melanoplus bowditchi, Scudd.
Melanoplus bowditchi, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 72 (1879)*; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx, p. 157, t. 11. fig. 3 (1897).
Hab. Nortu America, Texas, New Mexico, &c. (coll. LZ. Bruner).—Mexico, Northern
Chihuahua (L. Bruner).

11. Melanoplus flavidus, Scudd.
Melanoplus flavidus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 74 (1879)*; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx. p. 158, t. 11. fig. 4 (1897); Rehu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 54°.
Hab. Norta America, various localities from Nebraska to Southern Texas and
Arizona ® (coll. L. Bruner).—MeExico, Tampico, Tamaulipas (coll. Ill. State Lab. Nat.
Hist.).

12. Melanoplus elongatus, Scudd. |
Melanoplus elongatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 160, t. 11. fig. 5 (1897) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Kansas and New Mexico !.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango
(LZ. Bruner), Bleados, San Luis Potosi! (Dr. Palmer), Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Rehn),
Guanajuato (A. Dugeés).

13. Melanoplus glaucipes, Scudd.

Caloptenus glaucipes, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 476 (1875) *; Ent. Notes, iv. p. 75
(1875)*; Thom. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. i. p. 42 (1878) °*.

Melanoplus glaucipes, Scudd. Canad. Ent. xii. p. 75 (1880)*; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 161,
t. 11. fig. 6 (1897) *.

Hab. Nortu America }~>.—Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango (Z. Bruner).

14. Melanoplus atlanis, Riley.

Caloptenus atlanis, Riley, Ann. Rep. St. Ent. Mo. vii. p. 169 (1875) *; Thom. Bull. Il. Mus. Nat.
Hist. i. p. 68 (1876) *.

Melanoplus atlanis, Scudd. Rep. U.S. Ent. Comm. i. Append. p. 24, t. 17. fig. 6 (1881) *; Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 178, t. 12. fig. 7 (1897) *.

Hab. NortH AMERICA, various localities from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from
the Saskatchewan to the Rio Grande 1~4,—MeExico, numerous places between the Rio
Grande and Orizaba, Amula, and Omilteme, Guerrero (1. H. Smith).

This is one of the most widely distributed members of the genus, and is also variable

in size and colour. ‘The synonymy is much more completely worked out in Scudder’s
Monograph. — | |

15. Melanoplus spretus, Uhler.
Caloptenus spretus, Ubler, MS. (1863), | .
Acridium spretis, Thom. Trans. Hl. St. Agr. Soc. v. p. 450 (1865) *.

MELANOPLUS. 321

Pezotettix spretus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 14 (1878) ?.

Melanoplus spretus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 287 (1878) °; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx. p. 184, t. 12. fig. 8 (1897) *.

Melanoplus spretis, Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 98 (1900) *.

Hab. Nortu AMERICA, numerous localities west of the Mississippi River and east of
the coast range between the Saskatchewan and Rio Grande !~4.—Mexico, Sonora and
Chihuahua 4, ? Tacubaya near Mexico city 5.

This species is not represented in the “ Biologia” collections. It is a more northern
insect than the preceding and only temporarily and at long intervals visits Mexican
territory during its migratory movements. Rehn’s reference is apparently an error.

[16. Melanoplus devastator, Scudd.
Melanoplus devastator, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 285-287 (1878) (part.)*>; Proc.

U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 196, t. 18. figg. 83-7 (1897) °.
Caloptenus devastator, Riley, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. ser. i. no. xxv. pp. 28-30, figg. 6 a-d,

7 a-c (1891) °*.
Hab. Norru AMERICA, various localities in California 1~3,
The presence of this insect so far south as Tighes would seem to indicate that it

extends to Mexican territory. |

17. Melanoplus humphreysii, Thomas.
Pezotettix humphreysii, Thom. Rep. Geol. & Geogr. Exp]. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 890 (1875) * (part.).

Melanoplus humphreysii, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 206 (1897) *.
Hab. Norra America, Pheenix, Arizona 1? (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect should also occur a little to the southward in Sonora.

18. Melanoplus nitidus, Scudd. (Tab. IV. fige. 18, ¢ ; 19, 194, 3.)
Pezotettix humphreysii, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 85 (1897) ' (part.).
Melanoplus nitidus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xx. p. 207, t. 14. fig. 2 (1897) *.

Hab. Lower Catirornia, Cape St. Lucas .—Mexico, Tepic, Jalisco ?.

19. Melanoplus aridus, Scudd.
Pezotettix humphreysii, Thom. Rep. Geol. & Geogr. Exp]. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 890, t. 45.

figg. 1, 2 (1875)* (part.).
Pezotettiz aridus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. pp. 84, 85 (1879) *. .
Melanoplus aridus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 209, t. 14. fig. 3 (1897) °; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 51°.
Hab. Nortu America, Arizona 1~4, Las Cruces, New Mexico and vicinity (Cockerelt).

This and the following species should also occur in Sonora and Chihuahua to the

southward.
BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. 2Tr

322 ORTHOPTERA.

20. Melanoplus desultorius, Rehn.
Melanoplus desultorius, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, pp. 51-54, figg. 8, 9°.

Hab. Nortsa America, Carr Cafion, Huachuca Mts., Arizona!.

21. Melanoplus cancri, Scudd.
Melanoplus cancri, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 219, t. 14. fig. 10 (1897) *.

Hab. LowER Catirornia, Cape St. Lucas 1.

Probably extends into Sinaloa.

22. Melanoplus reflexus, Scudd.
Melanoplus reflexus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 221, t. 15. fig. 1 (1897) '.

Hab. Mexico, Ciudad del Maiz+, and La Joya, San Luis Potosi (Aehn).

23. Melanoplus meridionalis, Scudd.
Melanoplus meridionalis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 2238, t. 15. fig. 2 (1897) ’.

Hab. Mexico, Alvarez Mts., San Luis Potosi}.

24. Melanoplus palmeri, Scudd.
Melanoplus palmeri, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 230, t. 15. fig. 7 (1897) *.

Hab. Norra America, Fort Wingate, New Mexico, and Fort Whipple, Arizona !.—
Mexico, Casas Grandes, Chihuahua (fehn).

25. Melanoplus gracilipes, Scudd.

Pezotettix gracilipes, McNeill, MS.’.
Melanoplus gracilipes, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 238, t. 16. fig. 2 (1897) ”.

Hab. Nort America, Los Angeles, California 2.
This insect no doubt reaches Mexican territory.

26. Melanoplus geniculatus, Scudd. (Tab. IV. figg. 15, 15 a, 6, 3.)
Melanoplus geniculutus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 229, t. 16. fig. 3 (1897) °.

Hab. Mexico (W. S. Blatchley), Atoyac in Vera Cruz.

This insect occurs in the herbage growing at the edges of tropical forests and may

be fairly common.

(27. Melanoplus pinctus, Scudd.
Melanoplus pinctus, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. vii. p. 175, t. 7. fig. 7 (1899) *.

Hab. Norta America, San Diego, Point Loma, and Coronado, California. |

MELANOPLOUS. 323

28. Melanoplus tenuipennis, Scudd.
Pezotettix tenuipennis, McNeill, MS.’.
Melanoplus tenuipennis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 244, t. 16. fig. 7 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta America, Los Angeles, San Diego, &c., California? (coll. L. Bruner).

It evidently occurs in Mexican territory a few miles to the southward, as the faunal
area is the same.

(29. Melanoplus missionum, Scudd.
Melanoplus missionum, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 246, t. 16. fig. 8 (1897) °.

Hab. Norra America, Los Angeles, California !.]

(30. Melanoplus fuscipes, Scudd.
Pezotettiz fuscipes, McNeill, MS.’.
Melanoplus fuscipes, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 247, t. 16. fig. 9 (1897) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Los Angeles! and other South Californian localities (coll.
LL. Bruner). |

31. Melanoplus scitulus, Scudd.
Melanoplus scitulus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 249, t. 16. fig. 10 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico; Alvarez Mts., San Luis Potosi}.

32. Melanoplus flabellatus, Scudd.
Pezotetiex flabellatus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. pp. 82, 83 (1879) *.
Melanoplus flabellatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 251, t. 17. fig. 1 (1897) *; Caudell, ib.
xxvi. p. 801 (1903) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Texas !~3.

This insect certainly occurs across the Rio Grande in Mexican territory. It is one
of the common species and lives about the edges of open woods.

33. Melanoplus inornatus, Scudd.
Pezotettix inornatus, McNeill, MS.’.
Melanoplus inornatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 254, t. 17. fig. 3 (1896) *.

Hab. Mexico, Montelovez, Coahuila 2.

34. Melanoplus femur-rubrum, De Geer.
Acridium femur-rubrum, De Geer, Mém. Hist. Ins. i. p. 498, t. 42. fig. 5 (1773) °.
Caloptenus femur-rubrum, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. p. 638 (1888; *.
Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Scudd. Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H. i, 375 (1874) °; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
xX. p. 278, t. 1. fig. A and t. 19. figg. 1-4 (1897) *. .
| 2Tr2

24 ORTHOPTERA.

ee)

t

Hab. Norts America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Saskatchewan to
the Rio Grande 4+.—MeExico, Queretaro, Guanajuato, Atoyac, Vera Cruz (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect, along with M. atlanis and M. bivittatus, enjoys the most extended
distribution of all the species of the genus. It has been the most frequently
mentioned in entomological literature, and has a very extended synonymy, which
may be found in Scudder’s paper ¢ cited above.

35. Melanoplus terminalis, Scudd.
Melanoplus terminalis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 298, t. 19. fig. 7 (1897) °.

Hab. Norta America, Gulf coast of Texas1, extreme South-western Texas (coll.
L. Bruner).

While no records or specimens of this insect are at hand from Mexican territory, it
most assuredly occurs across the Rio Grande in that country.

36. Melanoplus cyanipes, Scudd.
Melanoplus cyanipes, Bruner, MS...
Melanopins cyanipes, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 295, t. 19. fig. 8 (1897) *.
Hab. North America, Los Angeles and San Diego, California? (coll. L. Bruner)
Lower Catirornia, San José del Cabo.—Mextco, Tepic, Jalisco (colls. L. Bruner and
Calif. Acad. Nat. Sci.).

37. Melanoplus cinereus, Scudd.
Melanoplus cinereus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 288, 290 (1878) '; Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 296, t. 19. fig. 9 (1897) *.
Caloptenus cinereus, Riley, in Kingsley’s Stand. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 195 (1884) °.
Hab. Norta America, numerous localities between the 49th degree of latitude and
the Mexican boundary ? (coll. L. Bruner).

Since this insect is distributed over the Rocky Mountain region wherever “ sage-
brush” grows, it most certainly extends along the tablelands into Northern Mexico.

38. Melanoplus complanatipes, Scudd.
Melanoplus complanatipes, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 298, t. 19. fig. 10 (1897) *.

Hab. Lower Cauirornia !, Cape St. Lucas }.—Mexico, Sonora 4,

39. Melanoplus impiger, Scudd.
Melanoplus impiger, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 306, t. 20. figg. 7, 8 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta Amurica, Gulf Coast and many other Texas localities! (coll. L. Bruner).

Since this insect occurs in extreme Southern Texas on the Rio Grande, it must be
also present in the adjacent Mexican territory.

MELANOPLUS. 325

40. Melanoplus corpulentus, Scudd.
Melunoplus corpulentus, Bruner, MS.’.
Melanoplus corpulentus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 313, t. 20. fig. 10 (1897)*; Rehn,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 55 °. |
Hab. Nortu America, Silver City ? and Las Vegas, New Mexico (Cockerell), Huachuca
Mts., Arizona ?.— Mexico, Sonora, Zacatecas, Tlalpam, &c.?, Guadalajara, Jalisco °

(Rehn).

41. Melanoplus variabilis, Scudd.
Pezotettiz variabilis, Bruner, MS.’.
Melanoplus variabilis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 319, t. 21. fig. 8 (1897) *.

Hab. Mexico, city of Mexico ?, Queretaro 2, &c. (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect is very common in the regions where it occurs, and is very variable in
colour, hence the specific name.

42, Melanoplus plebejus, Stal.
Pezotettix plebejus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 12 (1878) '.
Pezotettix pupeformis, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. pp. 83, 84 (1879) °.
Melanoplus plebejus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 326, t. 22. fig. 2 (1897) *.
Hab. Nortu America, Texas !~?.—Mexico, Victoria, Tamaulipas (coll. Ill. St. Lab.
Nat. Hist.).

43. Melanoplus marginatus, Scudd.
Pezotettix marginatus, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 504 (1876) *.
Melanoplus marginatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 330, t. 1. fig. i and t. 22. fig. 5 (1897) ?.

Hab. Norta America, various places in Southern California! ?, Los Angeles and
San Diego (coll. LZ. Bruner).

This insect probably extends into Mexican territory.

44. Melanoplus arizone, Scudd.
Melanoplus arizone, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. pp. 64, 65 (1879)'; Proce. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 840 (1897); Rehn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 228 (1901) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Arizona! 2,.—Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos °.

The Mexican citation may be an error, though this is only a surmise on the part of

the present writer.

45. Melanoplus differentialis, Uhler.
Caloptenus differentialis, Ubler, MS. (1863) °.
Acridium differentiale, Thom. Trans. Ill. St. Agric. Soc. v. p. 450 (1865) *.
Cyrtacanthacris differentialis, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 610 (1870) *.

326 - ORTHOPTERA.

Pezotettix differentialis, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. pp. 122-123, 126
(1878) *.

Melanoplus differentialis, Bruner, Bull. Washb. Coll. i. p. 189 (1885)°; Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 349, t. 23. figg. 3, 4 (1897) °.

Hab. Norva AMERICA, numerous localities in the United States?~.— Mexico,
Queretaro and Vera Cruz (coll. LZ. Bruner), Guadalajara, Jalisco (Rehn).

Specimens of this insect coming from the vicinity of Vera Cruz are usually quite
heavily marked with black on the hind femora and tibia, the black in some instances
even showing a tendency towards the formation of bands. Others coming from
Southern California and Northern Mexico have the hind tibize red. The species has
evidently been spreading through the agency of commerce during recent years.

46, Melanoplus sumichrasti, Sauss. (Tab. IV. figg. 6, 6a-c, 3.)

Pezotettix sumichrasti, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiil. pp. 160, 161 (1861) * (part.) ; Orthopt.
Nov. Amer. ii. p. 11 (1861)? (part.).

Scudder says * that Pezotettiv sumichrasti, Sauss.,is perhaps a synonym of Melanoplus bwittatus, Say. An
examination of two examples labelled by Saussure himself, and now before me, indicates that the two
species are distinct. One of them (preserved in alcohol) is undoubtedly M. bivittatus, Say; the other
(not discoloured) agrees with Saussure’s description, 7. ¢., “‘ Posterior femora with a horizontal, yellow
fascia. Tibie below the middle red; above the middle black, with a yellow ring; spines black.” In
addition, I might add that the inner face and lower sulcus of the hind femora are black, with the
exception of a bright coral-red vitta along the middle of the basal half; there are also a preapical yellow
annulus and two transverse dusky bands across the upper edge. The cerci, last ventral segment, and
supra-anal plate are shown in the illustration on Tab. LV. fige. 6, 6 a, b.

As a coincidence it may be mentioned that one of these two specimens bears the labels ‘“ Carol. S.,” ‘ Mex.,”
‘“‘ Saussure’s type,” ‘* Musée de Genéve, No. 32,” “ Pezotettia sumichrasti, Sauss.”; the other the labels
“ Acridium sumichrasti, Sauss., 6, Mex. No. 50,” and “‘ Melanoplus sumichrasti, Sauss.” The insect
bearing the “ type ”-label (preserved in alcohol) does not agree with Saussure’s diagnosis, and the name
sumichrasti will therefore be reserved for the other example. This latter measures: length of body 28°5,
of pronotum 7°45, of tegmina 22, of hind femora 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico! 2, Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer, in coll. L. Bruner).

M. sumichrasti is much more closely related to M. differentialis than it is to
M. bivittatus.

47. Melanoplus robustus, Scudd.
Caloptenus robustus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvil. p. 473 (1875) °.
Pezotettix robustus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 14 (1878) ?.
Melanoplus robustus, Scudd. Cent. Orthopt. p. 84 (1879) °; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 354, t. 23.
fig. 5 (1897) *.
Caloptenus ponderosus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xvii. p. 473 (1875) °, |
Melanoplus ponderosus, Scudd. Cent. Orthopt. p. 84 (1879) °.

Hab. Nortu America, Gulf Coast of Texas 1~*, Organ Mts., New Mexico (coll.

Morse).
* Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 364, 405.

MELANOPLUS. 7 327

Like several other species of the genus referred to on the preceding pages, this locust,
without doubt, will be found to occur in Mexico.

48. Melanoplus bivittatus, Say.
Gryllus bivittatus, Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. iv. p. 308 (1825)’.
Caloptenus bivittatus, Uhler, in Say’s Ent. N. Amer., ed. Leconte, il. p. 238 (1859) * (part.).
Melanoplus bivittatus, Scudd. Hitche. Rep. Geol. N. H. i. p. 376 (1874) * (part.); Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 363, t. 24. fig. 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta America, from Canada and British Columbia to the Gulf of Mexico 4.—
Mexico (Saussure, in Mus. Geneva), Villa Lerdo, Durango (L. Bruner).

One of Saussure’s types mentioned in connection with the remarks under J, swii-
chrasti (the one preserved in alcohol) is, as already stated, of this species.

49, Melanoplus thomasi, Scudd. (Tab. IV. figg. 7, 7a, 5, 3.)

Melanoplus thomasi, Bruner, MS.’.

Melanoplus thomasi, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 368, t. 25. fig. 1 (1897) *; Rehn, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 55 °.

Hab. Norta America, Tularosa, New Mexico (Cockerell), Sacramento Mts. (Rehn),
Douglas, Arizona *.— Mexico, Villa Lerdo, Durango? (L. Bruner).

This insect appears to be confined to mountain valleys in its distribution.

50. Melanoplus yarrowi, Thomas.
Caloptenus yarrowit, Thom..Rep. Geol. & Geogr. Surv. W. 100th Merid. v. p. 894, t. 45. fig. 5 (1875) *.
Melanoplus yarrowii, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 369, t. 25. fig. 2 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta America, Grand Junction, Colorado 2, Phoenix, Arizona (coll. L, Bruner).
Apparently confined to the valley of the Rio Colorado, where it is not at all common,

judging from the few specimens that have reached the various students of Orthoptera.
It certainly reaches Northern Sonora.

[51. Melanoplus olivaceus, Scudd.
Melanoplus olivaceus, Bruner, MS.".
Melanoplus olivaceus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 370, t. 25. fig. 3 (1897) *.

Hab. Norra America, Los Angeles, California ?, Phoenix, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner). ]

52. Melanoplus arboreus, Scudd.
Melanoplus arboreus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 372, t. 25. fig. 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Norta America, Gulf Coast of Texas!, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner).

This insect is also to be looked for in the groves of Northern Chihuahua and Sonora.

328 ORTHOPTERA.

PHCETALIOTES, Scudder.

Phetaliotes, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxii. p. 202 (1897) ; Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
pp. 18, 376 (1897).

‘The present monotypic genus is rather closely related to Melanoplus, and is distri-
buted over most of the country west of the Mississippi River from the Saskatchewan to
Mexico city.

1. Phetaliotes nebrascensis, Thomas.

Pezotettia nebrascensis, Thom. Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 455 (1872); Glover, Ilustr.
N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 13. fig. 2 (1872) *.

Pezotettiv autumnalis, Dodge, Canad. Ent. viii. p. 10 (1876) °.

Caloptenus sanguinocephalus, La Munyon, Proc. Nebr. Assoc. Adv. Sci. March 8th, 1877 *.

Caloptenus volucris, Dodge, Canad. Ent. ix. p. 112 (1877) ’°.

Euprepocnemis nebrascensis, Bruner, Publ. Nebr. Acad. Sci. ili. p. 28 (1898) °.

Pheetaliotes nebrascensis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 377, t. 1. fig. eand t. 25. figg. 6, 7
(1897)"; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1907, p. 56°.

Hab. Norta America, various localities between the Saskatchewan River and the
Gulf of Mexico!~’, Tucson? and Carr Cafion, Huachuca Mts., Arizona §.—MeExico,
Montelovez, Coahuila, Sierra de San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi, Queretaro, Guanajuato,
and Tlalpam ’.

PAROXY A, Scudder.

Paroxya, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 28, 29 (1877); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
pp. 18, 380 (1897).

The representatives of the present genus are mostly northern in their distribution,
since a single species only is likely to occur in territory covered by the present work.

1. Paroxya floridana, Thomas.

Caloptenus floridanus, Thom. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. i. no. 2, p. 68 (1874)'; Glover, Illustr.
N. Amer. Ent., Orthopt. t. 17. fig. 3°.

Paroxya floridana, Bruner, in Smith’s Cat. Ins. N. J. p. 412 (1890)°*; Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus. xx. p. 383, t. 25. fig. 10 (1897) *; Caudell, ib. xxvi. p. 804 (1903) °.

Paroxya atlantica, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. pp. 28, 88 (1877) ° (part.).

Paroxya recta, Scudd. loc. cit. pp. 30, 88 (1877) *.

Pezotettiz rectus, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk, Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 9, p. 12 (1878) °.

Hab. Norta America, Atlantic and Gulf coast from Massachusetts to the Rio
Grande !—’, Victoria, Texas 5.

While no specimens or records are at hand from Mexican territory, this insect
certainly crosses the Rio Grande into that country.

PHECILOTETTIX.—GEDALEONOTUS. 329

PCECILOTETTIX, Scudder.

Pecilotettiz, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. xxxil. p. 203 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
p. 3885 (1897).

This genus of rather highly coloured locusts inhabits Northern Mexico and the
extreme south-western portions of the United States. Up to the present time three
species have been described. They were tabulated in Scudder’s ‘ Revision of the
Melanopli,’ p. 386.

1. Pecilotettix pantherinus, Walk.
Acridium pantherium, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 623 (1870) *.
Pecilotettix pantherinus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 538°.
Caloptenus (Hesperotettix) picticornis, Thom. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci. ii. p. 125, t. 4. figg. 1, 2 (1877) °.
Pecilotettix picticornis, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 386, t. 26. fig. 1 (1897) °.
Hab. Nortua America, Arizona? 4,— Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann), Tepic (coll.
L. Bruner), Guadalajara ?.

This is a characteristically marked insect and cannot be confounded with any other
species known to the present writer. It does not appear to be common at any locality
within its range. Very likely P. pantherinus is confined to some special food-plant.

[2. Pecilotettix sanguineus, Scudd.
Dactylotum longipennis, Bruner, MS. in litt. to C. H. T. Townsend -
Pecilotettiz sanguineus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 387, t. 26. fig. 2 (1897) *.
Hab. Norra Ammrica, Bradshaw Mountain, Arizona (coll. L. Bruner), Grand Cafion
of the Colorado, near Flagstaff, Arizona (EZ. MW, Erhorn), Phoenix, Arizona (coll,
L. Bruner).|

3. Pecilotettix coccinatus, Scudd.
Pecilotettix coccinatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, xx. p. 389, t. 26. fig. 3 (1897) *.

Hab. Nortu America, Los Angeles, California (coll. U.S. Nat. Mus.).

As stated in connection with P. pantherinus, this and the preceding species must
also be confined to special food-plants. It should also occur further south in Mexican
territory.

CEDALEONOTUS, Scudder.
Cdaleonotus, Scudd. Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sci. Xxxii. p. 203 (1897); Proc, U.S. Nat. Mus.
xx. pp. 14, 390 (1897). |

This genus resembles Melanoplus and its near allies, The different species range

from Northern Mexico northward to Idaho on the Lower Snake River.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IT., November 1908. 2Uu

330 ORTHOPTERA.

1, Gdaleonotus enigma, Scudd.
Pezotettix enigma, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 505° |
(Edaleonotus enigma, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. pp. 391-393, t. 26. figg. 4-6 (1897) ’.

Pezotettiz jucundus, Scudd. Ann. Rep. Chief Eng. 1876, p. 505°.
Melanoplus collaris, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xix. p. 286 (1878) *.
Melanoplus flavolineatus, Bruner, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. xxviii. p. 83 (1893) ’.

Hab. Norta America, Pacific Coast from Washington to Southern California *
(coll. L. Bruner).—Mextico, Sonora (coll. L. Bruner).

PHILOCLEON, Scudder.

Philocleon, Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Art. Sei. : Xxxil. p. 203 (1897); Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx.
pp. 14, 396 (1897).

Philocleon is the name given to a medium-sized, variegated, apterous locust found
on the tablelands of North and Middle Mexico. Only a single species is known.

1. Philocleon nigrovittatus, Stal. (Tab. IV. figg. 17, 17 a, 3.)
Pezotettix nigrovittatus, Stal, Bibang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. ii. no. 14, p. 82 (1875) ';
v. no. 9, p. 15 (1878) *.
Philocleon nigrovittatus, Scudd. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xx. p. 396, t. 26. figg. 8, 9 (1897) *.
Pezotettix apterus, Bruner, MS.*.

Hab. Mexico! 2, Comancho, Zacatecas? (coll. L. Bruner), San Luis Potosi 3.

OSMILIA, Stal.
Acridium, auct. (part.).
Osmilia, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 68 (1873); Syst. Acrid.i. pp. 10,25 (1878); Giglio-Tos, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 50 (1898); Bruner, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.
Xxx, pp. 643, 693 (1906).

The genus Osmilia of Stal contains several inconspicuously coloured species of locusts
that are confined to Tropical America. At least three, and possibly four, species occur
within “ Biologia” territory. They may be separated by the annexed table :—

Synopsis of the Species of Osmilia.

A‘. Hind wings at base pale greenish-yellow.
é’. Rather slender, with the head only a trifle wider than the front edge
of the pronotum. The outer face of hind femora infuscated and
with its lower edge decidedly yellow. . . . 1. flavolineata, De G.
6?. More robust, with the head markedly wider than the front edge of
the pronotum. The outer face of hind femora but little infuscated,
its lower edge less decidedly yellow . . . . . . . . . . . 2. tolteca, Sauss.
A*. Hind wings pale blue. . . . 2. . . . . . . 8 ce@lestis, Burm.; 4. violacea, Thuub.

OSMILIA. 8331

1. Osmilia flavolineata, De Geer.
Acrydium flavo-lineatum, De Geer, Mém. Ins. iii. p. 497, t. 42. fig. 4 (1773).
Acridium flavo-lineatum, Burm. Handb. Ent. ii. pt. 2, p. 684 (1838) %.
Acridium (Osmilia) flavo-lineatum, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 68 (1873) *.
Osmilia flavo-lineatum, Bruner, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, iii. p. 65 (1895) ‘

Hab. Mexico?; Nicaragua*; Panama ?.—Sooutu America, Surinam ! 3,

There is some confusion existing in the references between the present insect and
the one following, but until some one carefully examines the specimens coming from
the various localities where Osmilie with hyaline wings occur no definite conclusion
can be formed.

2. Osmilia tolteca, Sauss.
Acridium toltecum, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 163 (1861) *; Thom. Acrid. N. Am.
p- 232 (1873)? |
Aleuas toltecus, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 14 (1902) °.
Osmilia tolteca, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 443*; Bruner, Ohio Nat. vi. p. 13

(1906) *,

Hab. Mexico !23, Presidio (Forrer), Dos Arroyos, Venta de Zopilote, Atoyac. Orizaba,
Teapa (H. H. Smith), Cordova (Hége), Valladolid, Yucatan ? (Gaumer); British Hon-
puRAS, Belize (Blancaneaux) ; Honpuras, Ruatan I. (Gaumer); Nicaragua, Escondido
’ River 3; Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers); Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion).

In addition to the references given above, there are specimens of Osmilia at hand
from numerous other Mexican and Central-American localities. These either represent
two or more closely allied, or a single very variable, species. ‘To judge from Saussure’s
description ! (evidently of a male), most of these insects are larger, and they are more
robust and have broader tegmina than O. flavolineata. It is also noticeable that in
these Mexican and Central-American examples the hind femora and tibie are longer
and coarser than in O. flavolineata. Many of them also have their tegmina con-

spicuously mottled with fuscous.

3. Osmilia celestis, Burm.
Acridium ceelestre, Burm. Handb. Ent. il. 2, p. 634 (1838) *.
Osmilia celestis, Brunner, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1893, p. 606%; Bruner, Journ. N. York Ent.

Soe. xiv. p. 156 (1906) *.
Hab. Hoypuras ?.—Brazit!?; Peru?; Trinipap®; West Inpizs, Grenada 2.

I do not know how this insect differs from 0. violacea, Thunb. European authors,
however, have considered them distinct.

(382 ORTHOPTERA.

4. Osmilia violacea, Thunb.
Gryilus violaceus, Thunb. Mém. Acad. Pétersb. ix. p. 413 (1824) ’.
Acridium (Osmilia) violaceum, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 68 (i873) ’.
Osmilia violacea, Gigl.-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, ix. no. 184, p. 18 (1894)°; xin.

*

no. 801, p. 5 (1897) *.

Hab. Panama, Darien ?.—Brazit ! 2,

No specimens of a blue-winged Osmilia are at hand from “ Biologia”’ territory.

TEINOPHAUS, gen. nov.*

The characters for this genus are those of the species.

1. Teinophaus saussurei, sp. n. (Ommatolampis saussurei, Tab. IV. figg. 3,

34,4,4a, 3; 5, 2.)

A medium-sized locust with greatly abbreviated, lateral tegmina, and the pronotum truncate and slightly
emarginate above both in front and behind. The whole insect is sparsely hirsute.

Head medium in size, about as wide as the front edge of the pronotum; the occiput short and gently elevated
above the level of the pronotum ; vertex about (d¢), or not quite (2), as wide as the diameter of the
basal antennal joint, the fastigium gently depressed and shallowly suleate, the sulcature continuous with
that of the frontal costa, the tempora elongate, somewhat coarsely punctulate; frontal costa a little
prominent between the antenne, less so below, sulcate throughout with the portion above the ocellus,
coarsely punctate, the bounding-walls prominent; lateral or facial carine prominent, gently divergent
below. Eyes large, prominent, strongly elliptical, considerably longer than that portion of the cheeks
below them. Pronotum rather coarsely, the hind lobe more closely, punctate, gently broadening behind,
weakly tectate, the median carina prominent, but distinctly interrupted by all the transverse sulci,
which are rather deep ; lateral carine absent, the anterior lobe nearly twice as long as the posterior one,
front and hind margins of disc truncate and greatly emarginate at the middle. Tegmina lateral, spatulate,
the apex reaching the middle of the second abdominal segment, rather strongly but sparsely veined.
Hind femora of normal form, a little longer than (¢), or scarcely so long as (2), the abdomen, the
superior carina serrate or dentate; hind tibie eight-spined externally ; anterior and middle femora of ¢
only slightly inflated. Abdomen strongly carinated, the valves of the ovipositor long, coarse, and
exserted, only moderately strongly hooked; last ventral segment of ¢ broadly scoop-shaped, the apex
shallowly, broadly, and roundly emarginate; supra-anal plate plain, broadly and roundly triangulate ;
the preceding segment without apophyses; cerci long and slender, bowed first outwardly, then inwardly
and to the rear, as in some of the related South-American genera. Mesosternal lobes separated by a
subquadrate space about equal in width to the lobes themselves, the interspace between the metasternal
lobes nearly or quite half as great as that of the mesosternum. Prosternal spine of moderate size, upon
a large base, acuminate and directed gently to the front.

General colour above dark wood-brown, with an olivaceous tinge in ¢, below a trifle paler. Sides of
pronotum without infuscation, but with the lower third testaceous, the pleura also with pale streaks.
Hind femora of @ marked above just before the middle with a conspicuous black patch, while the
serrations and spots along the outer carine are likewise black.

Length of body, g 17:5, 9 24; of pronotum, g¢ 35, 9 4°85; of tegmina, ¢ 3:75, 9? 4:25; of hind
femora, ¢ 10°5, 2 13°5 millim.

fab. Mexico, Atoyac, Vera Cruz (L. Bruner: 3 2, in coitu), Teapa, Tabasco
(1. H. Smith: @ ). .

* Given as Tenophaus in the Table, anted, p. 222.

PERIXERWUS. 339

PERIXERUS, Gerstaecker *,

Perixerus, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. p. 192 (1878); Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 98
(1900); Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 541.

The members of the present genus are rather brightly coloured like the various
species of Dactylotum, and, like most of the representatives of that genus, are confined
to Mexican territory. The species may be separated as follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Perixerus.

A". Prothorax, tegmina, and legs densely pubescent. General colour of
head, legs, and pronotum cinnamon or ferruginous . . 1. squamipennis, Gerst.
A*, Prothorax, tegmina, and legs not densely pubescent. General colour .
olivaceous or oil-green.
b'. Prevailing colour above deep olivaceous. Head and pronotum with
a central line of crimson. Hind tibie light olivaceous . . . . 2. /evis, Rehn.
6°. Prevailing colour oil-green and lemon-yellow varied with verditer-

blue. Hind tibie glaucous. . 2. . . 1. . 1... . 8. variabilis, Rehn.

* PCEPEDETES, Saussure.
Pepedetes, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 158 (1861); Thom. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr. v. p. 220
(1878).
Evidently related to Dactylotum, Charp., and Perixerus, Gerst., the species of both these genera possessing
bright red and orange markings on a rather dark background. The type of Pepecdetes is from Mexico.

1. Poepedetes corallinus, Sauss.
Pepedetes corallinus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 158 (1861); Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 221
(1873) ’.

Hab. Mexico! ?,
PEDIES, Saussure.

Pedies, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 157 (1861); Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 221 (1873).

The description of the present genus is even less definite than that of the preceding. It may, however, be
related to Pospedetes and to Dactylotum. Only a single species is mentioned. ,

1. Pedies virescens, Sauss.

Pedies virescens, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 157 (1861)'; Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 221 (1873)?

Hab. Mxxico*’.

CALACRIS, Walker.

Culacris, Walk. Cat. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus. iv. p. 639 (1870); Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 227 (18733).

Walker included in this genus species of such diverse structure as are now placed in Diponthus, Zoniopoda,
Coscineuta, Osmilia, and Vilerna. The only representative of his genus recorded from ‘ Biologia” territory is
C’. pudica, Walk., which he compares with Acridium (Diponthus) permistum, Serville. So far as the present
writer is aware, no insect has since been recorded from Mexico that could possibly be referred to Walker’s

33d ORTHOPTERA.

1, Perixerus squamipennis, Gerstaecker.
Perixerus squamipennis, Gerst. Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. p. 192 (1873)'; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1904, p. 5417.

Hab. MExico ! 2,

The present species is not represented among the material studied.

2. Perixerus levis, Rehn. (Tab. III. figg. 20, 204, 3.)
Perixerus levis, Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. xxvii. p. 98 (1900) "; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.
1904, p. 541°.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann: 13,292), Eslava, Distrito Federal !.
The male agrees well with the female in colour and in having the surface generally

glabrous. Its dimensions are as follows:—Length of body 175; of pronotum 4, of
tegmina 4:1, of hind femora 10°5 millim.

species. Jt is quite probable, therefore, that the locality assigned to the insect as a habitat is an error
(see also the remarks concerning the possible affinities of this insect, anted, p. 222).

PEGASIDION, Saussure.
Pegasidion, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 819 (1861); Orthopt. Nova Amer. ii. p. 21 (1861).

The present genus is placed under “ (Edipodiformes” by Saussure, but, as stated in the footnote on p. 222,
anted, the “ prosternum cornu cylindrico armatum” in the generic description as given by him inclines one
to think that his specimen belonged either to the Pyrgomorphine or the Acridiine. Nothing among the
material studied seems to come anywhere near it. It calls to mind the members of the genus Paropomala as
characterized on pages 39-41, with P. pallida as a bare possibility of being the insect described by Saussure.

1. Pegasidion volitans, Sauss.
Pegasidion volitans, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. (2) xiii. p. 319 (1861)*; Orthopt. Nova Amer. ii. p, 21 (1861)*;
Thom. Syn. Acrid. N. Am. p. 198 (1873) °.

Hab. Mexico **.

No specimen has been found among the material studied which could be placed here.

HERMISTRIA, Stal.
Hermistria, Stl, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 33, 52 (1878).
- According to St&l the present genus is related to, or at least reminds one of, Dactylotum. His description
is so meagre that it has been impossible to place Hermistria definitely in the series of genera, and for this
reason it was omitted from the Table, anted, pp. 209-222.

1. Hermistria pulchripes, Stal.
Llermistria pulchripes, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i, p. 52 (1873)'; Scudd. Ind. N. Am. Orthopt. p. 188 (1901) *.
Hab. Mexico*?.

This insect is unknown to the present writer. The colour “olivacea; pedibus nigris” does not belong to
any group thus far recognized among the large amount of material studied.

PERIXERUS.—DACTYLOTUM.

[wh]
Ge
or

3. Perixerus variabilis, Rehn.
Perixerus variabilis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 541°.

Hab. Mexico, Guadalajara, Jalisco !.

Not contained in the collections studied and unknown to the present writer.

DACTYLOTUM, Charpentier.
Dactylotum, Charp. Orthopt. Descript. et Depict. t. 52 (1845); Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 33 (1878) ;
Scudd. Gen. N. Am. Orthopt. p. 50 (1897).

The insects which constitute the present genus are all brachypterous, brightly
coloured, medium-sized locusts, which are distributed over Northern Mexico and the
more arid portions of the Rocky-Mountain regions of North America south of
the Yellowstone River. At least six species have thus far been described. They may

Synopsis of the Species of Dactylotum.

A’. The light colour largely orange-yellow or flavous. Tegmina with
their dorsal edges nearly or quite touching.
6’. General colour of the body chiefly pale, the dark markings
blackish-brown, Tegmina fully as long as the pronotum. Hind
femora moderately slender . . . 1. bicolor, Charp.
6°. General colour of the body chiefly black, the pale markings flavous
with an orange tinge on the disc of the pronotum. ‘Tegmina
much shorter than the pronotum. Hind femora decidedly
robust . . . 2 1 ww ee ee ee ee ew we 2 flavopictum, sp. 2.
A’. The light colour largely orange-vermilion and flavous varied with
white. Tegmina usually lateral, seldom, if ever, touching at their
dorsal edges.
6, General form rather robust; the sides of the abdomen without the
row of pallid spots. Antenne entirely black.
c’. Tegmina moderately broad, but narrower than in the species
falling into the series A’, their veins dirty white or straw-
yellow. Prosternal spine pale testaceous or dirty white . . 3. variegatum, Scudd.
c’, Tegmina (presumably) not especially wide, their veins pale
green. Prosternal spine heavy, obtuse, ferruginous . . . . 4. picturatum, nom. n.
6°. General form normal, the sides of the abdomen provided with a row
of pale spots. Antenne more or less annulate with testaceous.
c'. Tegmina moderately broad, fully as long as the pronotum, their
veins apple-green. Hind tibie blackish-blue . . . . . . 5. héstricum, Rehn.
c’. Tegmina narrow, decidedly shorter than the pronotum, their
veins dirty white. Hind tibie pale glaucous . . . . . . [6. pictum, Thom.}

396 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Dactylotum bicolor, Charpentier.
Dactylotum bicolor, Charp. Orthopt. Descript. et Depict. t. 52 (1845) °.

Hab. Mexico}.

The only reference to the habitat of this insect, the type of the genus, is that given
by Charpentier. Since the other species of Dactylotum are distributed over the table-
lands of Middle and Northern Mexico, it is quite probable that its habitat is to be
sought for in the same general region.

2. Dactylotum flavopictum, sp. n.

Most closely related to the preceding by having the pale markings chiefly flavous or lemon-yellow. The
ground-colour is deep black, instead of tinted with blue, green, or brown. The other characters as
indicated in the synoptic table of the species.

Length of body, ¢ 22, 2 35; of pronotum, 3 6°75, 9 10; of tegmina, ¢ 5, 2 7°5; of hind femora, ¢ 12,
9 17 millim.

Hab. “Mexico” (coll. S. H. Scudder).

No definite locality is given, save Palmer’s assorting, No. 1221. ‘This insect is
apparently the least conspicuous of the species in the field, and, like the other
members of the genus, must depend upon some obnoxious flavour as a means of
protection against bird and other vertebrate enemies.

8. Dactylotum variegatum, Scudd.
Pezotettix variegatus, Scudd. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xx. p. 75 (1879)’.
Ductylotum variegatum, Towns. Ins. Life, vi. pp. 380, 31 (1893)*; Scudd. & Cocker. Proc. Dav.
Acad. Sci. ix. p. 51 (1902) *; Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1902, p. 725°; 1904,
p. 589°. ;
Hab. Nort America, New Mexico?** to California! (Scudder), Silver City and
Arizona (coll. L. Bruner).—Mexico, Casas Grandes, Chihuahua ®,

4, Dactylotum picturatum, nom. nov.

Dactylotum pictum, Gerst. (nec Thomas) Stett. ent. Zeit. xxxiv. p. 192 (1873) *.

The present species, which was described under the same specific name employed three years earlier by
Thomas, is distinct, as shown by the synoptic table given above. It must, therefore, have a new name,
and picturatum is here suggested,

Hab. Mexico}.

While no material is at hand to illustrate Gerstaecker’s species, the description
would indicate that it is most nearly related to, if not identical with, D. variegatum,
Scudder. The habitat ‘“ Mexico” does not indicate sufficiently close to be of any use
in deciding synonymy.

(ou)
ww
~I

DACTYLOTUM.—RHYTIDICHROTA.

5. Dactylotum histricum, Rehn.
Dactylotum kistricum, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, pp. 539, 540°.

Hab, Mexico, La Joya, San Luis Potosi !.

This insect seems to come closer to D. pictum than to any of our other described
species. The rather distant habitat and the much longer tegmina, however, indicate
its distinctness. |

[6. Dactylotum pictum, Thomas.
Pezotettix pictus, Thom. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1870, p. 78°.
Pezotettix (Dactylotum) pictus, Bruner, Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dept. Agric. iv. p. 57 (1884) ’.
Dactylotum pictum, Scudd. Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii. p. 67 (1900)’.
Hab. Nortu America, various localities on the plains and east slope of the Rocky
Mountains between Montana and Southern New Mexico !-3.

There is a bare possibility that this species reaches Mexican territory on the higher
tablelands and mountain-ranges. |

[AGESANDER, Stal.
Agesander, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand]. v. no. 4, p. 85 (1878) ; Syst. Acrid. 1.
p. 35 (1878) ; Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii. no. 311, p. 50 (1898).
Agesander is still another of the Tropical American locust genera composed, so
far as at present known, of subapterous insects. Only a single species has been
described.

(1. Agesander ruficornis, Stal.
Agesander ruficornis, Stal, Bihang till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 81 (1878)’; Syst.
Acrid. 1. p. 81 (1878) *.

Hab. Couomsia ! 2,

While this insect has not been reported from ‘‘ Biologia” territory, nor is contained
in the collections being studied, it is safe to include it here. Most of these jungle-
frequenting tropical forms live under conditions so similar that they usually enjoy a
comparatively wide distribution. |

RHYTIDICHROTA, Stal.
Rhytidichrota, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. pp. 85, 54 (1873); Syst. Acrid. i, pp. 34, 75 (1878) ;
Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 50 (1898).

The several species belonging to the present genus have the general appearance of
an Ommatolampis, Burm., from which they differ in several respects, as indicated in
the synoptic table of genera (anted, pp. 209-222). While the collections at hand do

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. 2 Xx

338 ORTHOPTERA.

not contain any specimens, published records make it necessary to include six forms.

These may be separated as follows :—

Synopsis of the Species of Rhytidichrota.

A’. Hind tibie armed with seven spines on the outer border. Anterior edge
of the pronotum distinctly ascending.
b'. Antenne distinctly ensiform. General colour obscure greenish-olive ;
‘hind tibie apically with the tarsi miniaceous . . . - + + +
6%. Antennz very narrowly and obsoletely subensiform or linear.

c'. General colour varying from coral-red to subolivaceous-black.
Surface of head, thorax, and basal abdominal segments above
granulose . . coe .

. General colour yellowish- testaceous. Surface of the head, thorax,
and basal abdominal segments above rugose . . . [
A’. Hind tibiz armed externally with eight spines. Anterior edge of ‘the
pronotum not ascending.
b'. Dorsum of the pronotum and basal abdominal segment provided on

1. ensicornis, Stal.

cn
cw)

. varicolor, Stal. |

. sellata, Stal.

oo

each side with smooth, somewhat elevated, spots or callosities . . [4. antennata, Stal.]
6?. Dorsum of the pronotum and basal abdominal segment without

_ callosities.

. General colour yellowish testaceous . . . . oe ee we) (5. turgida, Stal.)

. General colour obscure olivaceous green; the antennze, palpi, cerci,
and genicular portion of hind femora subsanguineous . . . . (6. drunneri, Stal.]

1. Rhytidichrota ensicornis, Stal.
Rhytidichrota ensicornis, Stal, Bih. till K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. v. no. 4, p. 76 (1878) *

Syst. Acrid. i. p. 76 (1878) *.
Hab. Panama? 2.

Not found among the material studied and unknown to the present writer.

(2. Rhytidichrota varicolor, Stal.
Rhytidichrota varicolor, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 76 (1878)’.

Hab. Cotomsia, Medellin !.]

[3. Rhytidichrota sellata, Stal.
Rhytidichrota sellata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 55 (1873); Syst. Acrid. i. p. 77 (1878) *.

Hab. Cotomsia ! ?. |

[4. Rhytidichrota antennata, Stal.
Rhytidichrota antennata, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. p. 55 (1873)’; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 78 (1878) %.

Hab. CotomBia, Remedios !?.]

£9

RHYTIDICHROTA.—RHACHICREAGRA. 303

[5. Rhytidichrota turgida, Stal.
Rhytidichrota turgida, Stal, Recens. Orthopt. i. P. 54 (1873) '; Syst. Acrid. i. p. 78 (1878) *.

Hab. CoLomBra, Antioquia ! 2, ]

[6. Rhytidichrota brunneri, Stal.
Rhytidichrota brunneri, Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 78 (1878) °.

Hab. Covomsta 1]

As stated above, all of these insects are liable to occur within “ Biologia” territory.

RHACHICREAGRA, Rehn.
Rhachicreagra, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 444.

The present genus contains several species of medium-sized, almost apterous, tropical
locusts, which are somewhat distantly related to Polysarcus, Saussure. ‘They live
about the edges of jungles and in open woods, where they are to be found in moderate
numbers. Their sombre colours protect them to a certain extent against birds and
other vertebrate enemies. The four species may be separated by the subjoined

table :—
Synopsis of the Species of Rhachicreagra.
A'. Form decidedly robust, the hind femora coarse and considerably
surpassing the apex of the abdomen in both sexes. Pronotal carina
strongly undulate or toothed, as is also the hind portion of the meta-
thorax and the first abdominal segment.
b'. Legs of male uniformly oil-green, the hind pair of the female
ochraceous-cinnamon above .
b°. Legs of both sexes, except the outer face of the hind femora and ‘the
hind tibie of the male, without the greenish tinge. The carinz of
the upper edge strongly dotted with fuscous oe ee
A’: Form moderately slender, the hind femora more graceful and extending
beyond the tip of the abdomen in the males only. Pronotal carina
gently undulate, but not serrate, the hind edge of the first abdominal
segment only gently nodulose at the middle.
b’. Body rather strongly rugose above on the thorax and the first
abdominal segment. Antenne long and slender. General colour
of male, including the legs, deep verdigris-green . . . . . . . 38. @ruginosa, sp. n.
b°. Body above comparatively smooth. Antenne shorter and coarser,
General colour of both sexes brownish-clay, the legs of the male pale

oil-green .

—_

. nothra, Rehn.

(Ke)

. pallipes, sp. n.

4. gracilis, sp. n.

1. Rhachicreagra nothra, Rehn.
Rhachicreagra nothra, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 444-448, figg. 36-39".

Hab. Costa Rica, Carrillo 1, Monte Redondo (Underwood).

340 ORTHOPTERA.

This species is the type of the genus. The single male specimen referred to by
Rehn as coming from Monte Redondo and differing so materially from the others in

colour very likely represents still another species.

2. Rhachicreagra pallipes, sp. n.

Of about the same size and build as R. nothra, but readily recognizable by its shorter hind legs and by its
freedom from green as a characteristic colour, even in the g, in which sex the outer face of the hind
femora and the hind tibie are alone tinged with dull olive. The anterior and middle.legs and the upper
portion of the basal two-thirds of the hind femora are testaceo-ferruginous. The body above in the 2 is
a little darker and profusely dotted and conspersed with fuscous, while in the ¢ this portion is dark
brown varied with paler dots and lines. The dusky bands on the sides of the head and pronotum are
arcuate and bordered above by a narrow brownish-testaceous stripe, which is especially noticeable in
the @. The antenne are pale at the base, becoming a little infuscated apically. Genicular lunules of
hind femora blackened. Sides of basal abdominal segments not marked with fuscous or piceous.

Length of body, ¢ 4, 9 6; of hind femora, ¢ 12, 9 18 millim.

Hab. Costa Rics, Juan Vinas (L. Bruner).

One male, one female, and three nymphs, found in March.

8. Rhachicreagra #ruginosa, sp. n.

A little longer, but at the same time rather more slender, and with shorter and more graceful hind femora,
than FR. nothra, Rehn. The antenne are very slender and of the same length as the hind femora. The
two forks of the cerci are nearly equal, while in &. pallipes the posterior branch is much the heavier and
fully twice the length of the anterior one. &. wruginosa, as indicated in the synoptic table, is largely of
a deep verdigris-green, and on the dorsum of the thorax and the first abdominal segment nearly black.
The pallid lower edges of the pronotal sides and cheeks are dirty cream, while the upper edges of the
immediate base of the hind femora and middle abdominal segments are testaceous.

Length of body, ¢, 18°5; of pronotum 4:1, of hind femora 12 millim.

Hab. Costa Rica, Limon (M. A. Carriker, Jr.).
One female.

4. Rhachicreagra gracilis, sp. n.

This insect is very similar in its general colour to &. pallipes, but it is much smaller, more slender, and
smoother. It also differs from the other species of the genus in having the sides of the three basal
abdominal segments marked with piceous. The antenne are entirely pallid and the genicular lunules of
the hind femora are not infuscated. The general colour of both sexes is brownish-clay above, more or
less profusely conspersed with black. The legs of the ¢ are pale oil-green, with the genicular region of
the hind pair paler and tinged with ferruginous; those of the @ are of the same general colour as
the body and marked by a few dusky dots on the carine. Face and lower borders of the sides of the
pronotum pale ochraceous.

Length of body, ¢ 14:5, 9 24; of pronotum, ¢ 3:5, 2 4:25; of hind femora, g 10, 2 12°5 millim.

Hab. Cosra Rica, Juan Vihas (L. Bruner).
The locality Juan Vifias is on the Limon and San José Railway at an elevation of

a little over 3500 feet above sea-level. The females were quite lazy and remained
hidden among the leaves and other vegetation near the ground, so that but few were

RHACHICREAGRA.—POLYSARCUS. o41

taken, while the males were more active and jumped about so as to attract one’s
attention to them. Accordingly, a good series of the latter was collected.

MICROTYLOPTERYX, Rehn.
Microtylopteryx, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 448.

The present genus is a somewhat aberrant one among the Acridiine, since it has
some of the characteristics of the Pyrgomorphid-genus Aspidophyma. In fact one
species (IU. fusiformis) has been figured on Tab. IV. as A. americana. The species
are found in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, where they are at home among the fallen
leaves in and about the forests. Two forms have thus far been described.

1. Microtylopteryx hebardi, Rehn.
Microtylopteryx hebardi, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 448-451, figg. 40, 42°.

Tlab. Costa Rica!, Carrillo.

2. Microtylopteryx fusiformis, Rehn. (Aspidophyma americana, Tab. IV.
figg. 27, 27a, 3.)
Microtylopteryx fusiformis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, pp. 451-454, figg. 41, 43 -

ITab. Nicaracua (coll. L. Bruner); Costa Rica, Carrillo!, Juan Vinas (L. Bruner).

This species may be regarded as the type of the genus, since it seems to be more
common and at the same time enjoys a wider distribution than the preceding.

[POLYSARCUS, Saussure.

Polysarcus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 892; Stal, Syst. Acrid. i. p. 84 (1878) ; Brunner,
Rey. Syst. Orthopt. p. 148 (1898) ; Gigl-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Comp. Torino, no. 311, p. 50
(1898).

This Brazilian genus is included on account of its peculiar type of thoracic structure

and because of its relationship with Rhachicreagra and Microtylopteryx. Only a

single species is known.

1. Polysarcus atavus, Sauss.
Polysarcus atavus, Sauss. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1859, p. 392 -

Hab. Braziu}, Bahia. |

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. 2 Yy

vw)
sg
bo

ORTHOPTERA.

APPENDIX.

Wuizst the present volume was passing through the press several additional forms
of “ Biologia” Acridiide came to light. The most important of these is Taxiarchus
septentrionalis, Bruner [Entom. News, xvi. pp. 313 & 314 (Dec. 1905)], which adds
another subfamily, the Proscopine, to the region covered by this work. It was
captured by M. A. Carriker, Jr., at Pozo Azul, Costa Rica, who found both sexes.

Notr.—In the preceding pages the references to three of the species figured on
Tab. LIT. have been accidentally omitted. They are as follows :—

Paropomala pallida (p. 40). (Tab. IIL. figg. 28, 28a, 2.)
» virgata(p. 41). (Tab. ILI. fig. 27, 2.)

Rhicnoderma pugnax (p. 249). (Aristia megacephala, Tab. III. figg. 21,
21 a-d, ¢.)

PHASMIDA. 343

Fam. PHASMIDA*,

It is more than ten years ago that the Godman-Salvin collection of Phasmide was
entrusted to Hofrath C. Brunner von Wattenwyl for determination and study. The
famous Austrian entomologist would not undertake to publish a separate memoir on
the collection, but preferred to incorporate the descriptions of the new species and
genera in the great monograph on the Phasmide of the world, ‘Die Insektenfamilie
der Phasmiden,’ which, in collaboration with Dr. Jos. Redtenbacher, he has just
completed. Consequently it has not been possible to prepare an account of the
collection until the present year, or to include the family in its proper place in
the Orthoptera. The following pages contain a list of the Phasmide of Central
America compiled from the aforesaid monograph, and it will be seen that there are
numerous species not represented in the Godman-Salvin collection. The dichotomous
keys to the subfamilies, genera, and species are reproduced with the necessary modifi-
cations from the corresponding keys in ‘ Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden,’ as it
was thought that they would prove useful to any one studying the Central-American
fauna, but for the descriptions of the genera and species students are referred to the
original sources and to the monograph. The plates illustrating this collection were
prepared some years ago in Vienna under the supervision of Hofrath C. Brunner von
Wattenwyl, and as his views of the nomenclature of the Phasmide had at that time not
reached the finality now attained in his monograph, the names of the species given on
the plates in some cases differ from those used in the monograph. (See “ Explanation
of Plates,” infra, p. 377.) Several South-American or Antillean forms have been
figured, presumably because Hofrath C. Brunner von Wattenwyl holds elastic views
as to the limitations of the Central-American region, and no doubt some of these
species will eventually be found to occur also within the * Biologia” limits; in the
text they are quoted, as elsewhere in this work, in square brackets.

Conspectus subfamiliarum.
1. Tibie 4 postice area impressa apicali triangulari haud instructe . Sectio ANAREOLATE.

2. Segmentum medianum metanoto multo brevius . . . . . . . . Bacuncunina.

2’. Segmentum medianum metanoto longius vel equilongum . . . . . PHIBALOSOMINA.
1’. Tibie 4 postice area impressa apicali triangulari instructe . . . Sectio ARKOLATA.

2. Segmentum medianum metanoto distincte, plerumque multo brevius . PyeirHyNcHINe.

2'. Segmentum medianum metanoto longius vel subeequilongum..
3. Segmenta abdominis ¢ quadrata, 9 transversa. Pedes inermes,

femoribus nec compressis nec foliaceo-dilatatis . . . . . . . ANISOMORPHINE.
3'. Segmenta abdominis plurima elongata vel femora antica compressa
vel foliaceo-dilatata . 2. 2. 2. 1 6 6 ee ee ew we es) 6 PHASMINA.

* Arranged by R. Suerrorp, M.A., F.LS.
BIOL. CENTR,-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL., November 1908. 2 Zz

no

344 ORTHOPTERA.

Sect ANAREOLAT &.
Subfam. BACUNCULINA.

Conspectus generum.
1. Segmentum abdominale ¢ dorsale nonum lobis liberis, segmentum
ventrale nonum normale. ¢ operculum ovipositorem abscondens.
2. Segmentum abdominale secundum in ¢ duplo haud longius quam
latius, in 2 vix longius quam latius.
3. Segmentum anale in ¢ valde tumescens, apice leviter coarc-
tatum quomodo campanam, cercos includentes formans.
Operculum apice acute emarginatum. . . . . . . . . SUisernra, Stal.
3’. Segmentum anale in ¢ planiusculum, cercos liberans. Oper-
culum apice obtusum vel acuminatum.
4, Femora intermedia et postica gracilia, subtus mutica . . . Ocnopuita, Br.
4’, Femora intermedia et postica crassiuscula, subtus apice
spinis instructa . . . . . 2... . . . ParapiAPHEROMERA, Br.
’. Segmentum abdominale secundum in utroque sexu duplo longius
quam latius.
®. ~Operculum segmentum anale haud superans. . . . . . . Dymg, Stal.
', Operculum longe productum. . . ... . Le . Catynpa, Stal.
1. scementuan abdominale ¢ dorsale nonum lobis inflexis, subtus
contiguis. Segmentum ventrale nonum tubeforme clausum.
2 operculum fila ovipositoris liberans.
2. Femora intermedia et posticainermia. . . . . . . . . . Bacuncuxus, Burm.
2’. Femora intermedia et postica subtus spina majore armata . . . DriapHeromera, Gray.

LIBETHRA, Stal.
_Libethra, Stal, Rec. Orth. ii. pp. 20, 74 (1875); Brunner, Insektenfam. Phasmiden, ii. p. 303
(1907).
Conspectus specierum.
]. Caput bifoliatum vel bispinosum.
2. Femora intermedia et postica superne multilobulata. . . . . . . [L. rabdotula, Br.]
2'. Femora intermedia et postica superne integra.
3. Femora intermedia subtus utrinque unilobata.
4, Lobi femorum intermediorum in tertia parte basali siti. Segmenta

abdominalia basalia integra. . . 2. 2. 1. 1. . 1... 6D confusa, Br.
4’, Lobi femorum intermediorum in medio siti. Segmenta abdo-
minalia basalia margine postico bilobulata. . . . . . . . JL. elegantior, Br.
8’. Femora omnia integra . 2. . 1. 1. ww ee ew OL regularis, Br.
1’, Caput muticum 2 ww ee we ee ee ww ww. OL. brevipes, Br.

1. [Libethra rabdotula, Br. (Caulonia rabdotula, Tab. V. figg. 2a, a’, ¢ ;
26, b', 2.)
Libethra rabdotula, Brunner, op. cit, ii. p. 807 (1907).

Hab. Cotomria, Bogota. |

LIBETHRA.—-OCNOPHILA. 549

2. Libethra confusa, Br.
Libethra confusa, Brunner, op. cit. i. p. 308 (1907).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Vienna; Mus. Geneva).

3. Libethra elegantior, Br.
Libethra elegantior, Brunuer, op. cit. ii. p. 8308 (1907).

Hab. Mexico, Omilteme in Guerrero 8000 feet (H. H. Smith, in coll. Godinan & Salvin:
1 2, type).

4. Libethra regularis, Br.
Libethra regularis, Brunuer, op. cit. ii. p. 8308 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Budapest: ?).—Trintpap, Port of Spain (Mus. Hamburg:
@ type).

5. Libethra brevipes, Br.
Libethra brevipes, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 309 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris).

OCNOPHILA, Br.
Ocnophila, Brunner, op. cit. ii, p. 8309 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Caput haud lobatum, interdum spinosum.
2. Femora intermedia vel postica superne lobis singulis ornata.
3. Caput inter oculos bispinosum. Mesonotum et segmenta abdo-

minalia integra 2. . 1. ee ee ee we ee ew ee ee) «(OL erudis, Br.
3'. Caput in occipite spinosum. Mesonotum et segmenta abdominalia

lobata.
4. Picea. Occiput 4-spinosum. Pronotum rugosum . . . . « O. strumosa, Br.
4’, Albo-pruinosa. Occiput multispinosum. Pronotum biseriatim

dense spinulosum. 2 6. ee ee ee ee es O. ornatissima, Br.

2’, Femora omnia superne integra vel lobulis minimis regulariter dispositis
instructa, interdum subtus lobulata vel lobulato-dentata.
3. Vertex muticus, interdum granulis majoribus obsitus.
4, Caput granulis majoribus obsitum, haud carinatum.
5. Abdomen totum distincte multicarinatum. Femora submutica. [O. submutica, Br.]
5’. Abdomen indistincte carinatum. Femora intermedia et postica

subtus minime lobulata. . . . . . 6 6 «© + «+ + « O. meditans, Br.
4'. Caput minime granulosum vel leve, carinatum . . . . . . Oz ciliata, Br.
3’, Vertex bispinosus . . . 6 ee eee ee ee ew + OF godmani, Br.
1’, Caput in occipite bi-auriculatum «w/e ee eee ee + OL mecicana, Sauss.
Species incertz sedis. 2. 6 6 1 ee eh ee he ee ees O. aurita, Rehu.

2 Zz 2

346 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Ocnophila crudis, Br.
Ocnophila crudis, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 312 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris).

2. Ocnophila strumosa, Br.
Ocnophila strumosa, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 312 (1997).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Stuttgart).

8. Ocnophila ornatissima, Br.
Ocnophila ornatissima, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 312 (1907).
Hab. Guatemara (Mus. Stuttgart: type), San Juan in Vera Paz (Champion, in coll.
Godman & Salvin: 1 @ larva).

[4. Ocnophila submutica, Br.
Ocnophila submutica, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 313 (1907).

Hab. Lower Cauirornia (Mus. Paris).—PERv. |

5. Ocnophila meditans, Br.
Ocnophila meditans, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 313 (1907).

Hab. GuatEMata, Vera Paz (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2, type).

6. Ocnophila ciliata, Br.
Ocnophila ciliata, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 813 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith) ; Guatemata, Panzos in
Vera Paz (Champion) {coll. Godinan & Salvin: 1 9, type, 2 larve}.

7. Ocnophila godmani, Br.
Ocnophila godmani, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 314 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Schumann); Guatemaua, Senahu and Purula in Vera Paz
(Champion) [coll. Godman & Salvin: 2 3 5,1 9, types].

8. Ocnophila mexicana, Sauss.
Ceroys mexicanus, Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Orthopt. p. 167, t. 4. fig. 17 (1870).
Ocnophila mexicana, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 815 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera (Mus. Paris, Mus. Geneva, Mus. Vienna), Atoyac
in Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2).

9, Ocnophila aurita, Rehn.
Libethra auritus, Rehn, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 796.

Hab. Costa Rica, San José 1160 metres (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philadelphia).

OCNOPHILA.—DYME. 347

This species is omitted from Brunner and Redtenbacher’s monograph; judging
from the description, it appears to be closely allied to, and perhaps not distinct from,
O. mexicana, Sauss.

PARADIAPHEROMERA, Br.
Paradiapheromera, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 317 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Statura major. Metanotum strumosum . . .... . . . . =. . P&P. strumosa, Br.
1’. Statura minor. Metanotum bituberculatuum. . . . 1. . . . =. . +. WP. armata, Br.

1. Paradiapheromera strumosa, Br. (Tab. V. fig. 4, 3.)
Paradiapheromera strumosa, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 317 (1907).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui* (Mus. Vienna), Darien (Mus. Paris, Mus. Oxford).

2. Paradiapheromera armata, Br. (Tab. V. fig. 3, 3.)
Par adiapheromera armata, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 317 (1907).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui 4000-6000 feet (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin:

1 3, type).
DYME, Stal.

Dyme, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 23 (1875); Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 818 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

3d.
1. Thorax tuberculatus . . . . 1. 2. 1 2 ee ee eh eh) COD grossetuberculata, Br.
1’. Thorax levis.
2, Femora intermedia et postica apice subtus denticulata.
3. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana apice
minutissime quadri- vel quinque-denticulata. . . . . WD. discors, Br.
3'. Femora intermedia apice subtus carina mediana bispinulosa. D. modesta, Br.
2', Femora intermedia et postica apice subtus mutica.

3. Segmenta abdominalia terminalia haud carinata . . . . D. chiriquensis, Br.
3’. Segmenta abdominalia terminalia carinata . . . . . . JD. incolumis, Br.
go.
1. Corpus plus minusve granulosum.

2. Femora intermedia ante medium bilobulata . . . . . . JD. depressa, Br.
2’. Femora intermedia haud lobulata. . . . . . . . . WD. reclusa, Br.
', Corpus leve. (Thorax interdum spinis nonnullis obsitus. ) .
ve Thorax latere et subtus spinislongis. . . . . - + ~. ~ Dz irregulariter-spinosa, By.
2’, Thorax muticus. . . . . 2. 6 ee ee ee ew te 6D. chiriquensis, Br.

* Chiriqui is in Panama, and not in Peru as stated in the “ Monograph.”

348 ORTHOPTERA.

1. Dyme grossetuberculata, Br.
Dyme grossetuberculata, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 823 (1907).

Hab. Honvuras (Mus. Vienna).

2. Dyme discors, Br.
Dyme discors, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 8324 (1907).
Hab. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 5 3 ).

3. Dyme modesta, Br.
Dyme modesta, Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 824 (1907).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3, type).

4. Dyme chiriquensis, Br.
Dyme chiriquensis, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 825 (1907).

9. Levis, colore nitido, olivaceo. Antenne longiores quam pedibus anticis. Femora intermedia et (?) postica
mutica, Abdomen haud carinatum. Segmentum anale carinatum, apice emarginatum, lamina supra-
analis triangularis, minuta. Operculum haud carinatum, lanceolatum, apice obtuso, apicem abdominis
attingens. Cerci breves, teretes, subacuminati.

Long. corp. 100-1 mm.

meson, 25 mm,

» mMmetan. c. segm. med. 17 mm.

» fem. ant. 26 mm,

Hab. Guaremata, San Gerénimo (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 9); PaNaMa,
Chiriqui (Jus. Vienna: 3 type).

The description of the female is.drawn up from a single example in the Godman
and Salvin collection labelled “ Dyme levis” by Brunner; no species of this name
appears in his Monograph, and the specimen cannot be referred to any of the forms
described therein from females only. I am almost certain that this is the female of
D. chiriquensis, Br., known only by the male, and as such have described it.

5. Dyme incolumis, Br.
Dyme incolumis, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 826 (1907).
Hab. Guatemata, Panzos in Vera Paz (Conradt, in coll. Godman & Salvin:
1 ¢, type).

6. Dyme depressa, Br.
Dyme depressa, Brunner, op. cit. 1. p. 827 (1907).
Hab. Guatemata, Las Mercedes, Cerro Zunil, Purula in Vera Paz (Champion, in
coll. Godman & Salvin: 3 2 @, including type).

DYME.—BACUNCULUS., O49
7. Dyme reclusa, Br.
Dyme reclusa, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 327 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, “ tierra caliente” (Mus. Geneva, Mus. Vienna).
8. Dyme irregulariter-spinosa, Br.
Dyme irregulariter-spinosa, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 328 (1907).
Hab. Guatemata, Purula in Vera Paz (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin:
1 @, type).
CALYNDA, Stal.
Calynda, Stal, Rec. Orth. ii. p. 24 (1875) ; Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 328 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Vertex bispinosus . . . . . 1. ee ee eee ee we) CG, bicuspis, Stal.
1’. Vertex muticus . 2... . we eee ee ee ee ew) OC quadrilobulata, Br.

1. Calynda bicuspis, 8:41.
Calynda bicuspis, Stal, op. cit. iii. p. 78 (1875) ; Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 829 (1907).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. Stockholm ; Mus. Vienna; Champion, in coll. Godman
& Salvin).

2. Calynda quadrilobulata, Br.
Calynda quadrilobulata, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 329 (1907).

Hab. Costa Rica (van Patten, in coll. Godman & Salvin: type).

BACUNCULUS, Burm.
Bacunculus, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 566 (1839) ; Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 831 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.
3d.
1. Vertex muticus.
2. Vertex levis.
3. Cerci simplices.
4, Segmentum abdominale ventrale muticum.
5. Caput unicolor.
6. Statura minor. Femora fusco et pallide variegata . . . SB. striatus, Burm.
6’. Statura major. Femora unicoloria fusca . . . os.) B. mexicanus, Gray.
5’, Caput inter oculos linea "transversa nigra, fascia pallida
apposita necnon fasciis pallidis longitudinalibus infra oculos
ornatum . . . . eee ee we ew we wee) CB. pictus, Br.

300 ORTHOPTERA.

4’, Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum apice dentatum.
5. Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum apice subtus biden-
tatum 2. 6 ew eee ee ee es
5’. Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum apice subtus uniden-
tatum 2. 1. 1 ew wee ee ee ee ee

OF Cerci apice unidentati . . . ... . ee ee .
. Vertex inter oculos carinulis longitudinalibus duabus vel tribus
instructus.

3. Cerci simplices.
4. Cerci graciles. Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum bre-
vissimum 2 ow ee ee ee ee ee
4'. Cerci breves, crassi, obtusi. Segmentum abdominale ventrale
nonum longius quam latius . . . . . 1... ee
3’. Cerci trifidi.
4. Cerci teretes,
5. Mesonotum in dimidia parte antica minime granulosum.
Dentes tres cercorum fere equilongi. Statura minor
5’. Mesonotum totum leve. Dente cercorum superno ambobus
alteris longiore.
6. Statura major. Mesonotum teres . . .... .
6’. Statura minor. Mesonotum depressum, latere acute cari-
matum . 6. ee 6 ee ee ee ee
4’. Cercicompressi 2. 1. 1 ee ee ee ee
1’. Vertex bispinulosus vel bituberculatus.
2. Spinule verticis majores. Caput cum thorace acute granulosum
2'. Spinule verticis minime vel vertex tantum bituberculatus. Caput
cum thorace levis.
3. Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum transversum, appen-
diculatum.
4, Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum utrinque appendice

B. pretermissus, Br.

B. inconspicuus, Br.
B. unidentatus, Br.

B. carinulatus, Br.

B. godmani, Br.

B. tridens, Burm.

B. elongatus, Br.

B. contractus, Br.

B. ignavus, Relin.

B. olmecus, Sauss.

. articulatim inserta instructum . . .... .. . . SB. forcipatus, Br.

. Segmentum abdominale ventrale ncnum latere dextro in

appendicem longam productum ..... . . . . 3B. incongruens, Br.
3'. Segmentum abdominale ventrale nonum haud appendiculatum.
4, Cercifureati . 2. 2. 1. . ew wee ee. Bi phalangiphora, Rebn.
4!. Cerci simplices . 2. 2. 1. 1. e 1 1 ew we ee ee) BL physconia, Rehn.
Species incertz sedis . we ee eee ee B. cacica, Kaup.
1. Vertex muticus, 7 e.
2. Thorax levis . 2... 1. 6 ee ee ee ee ew we) OB, striatus, Burm.

2’, Thorax granulosus.
3. Femora intermedia integra.
4. Thorax teres, haud carinatus.

5. Operculum apicem abdomiris haud attingens .°. . . . &B.z tridens, Burm.

BACUNCULUS., 361
5’, Operculum apicem abdominis valde superans . . . . . SB. contractus, Br.
4!, Thorax carinatus . . . 1. we ww ee ee ee) Be ignavus, Rehn.
3’, Femora intermedia in tertia parte basali subtus utrinque bilobu-
lata . .. woe ee ee ew ee ww eee. CB foliatus, Br. ;
1’. Vertex tuberculatus v ‘el cristatus. .
2. Vertex tuberculatus. . 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. ww we ee) OBL gqueatemale, Rehn.
Q'. Vertex bicristatus . 2. . 1... ww ee ee . B. physconia, Rehn.
Species incerte sedis . . . 1. 1 wee eee, Bee cacica, Kaup; B. palmeri, Caud.

1. Bacunculus striatus, Burm. (Tab. V. figg. 5a, a, ¢; 50, 2.)
Bacteria (Bacunculus) striata, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 567 (18389).
Bacunculus striatus, Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 3833 (1907).

Hab. Nortu America, Texas.—Mexico (Mus. Brit., Berlin, Oxford, Geneva, Vienna).

2, Bacunculus mexicanus, Gray.
_Heteronemia mexicana, Gray, Syn. Phasm. p. 19 (1835).
Bacunculus mexicanus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 383 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit., Geneva, Vienna, Budapest).

This species is also included by Brunner under the genus Bacteria (op. cit. iii.
p. 423), but an examination of Gray’s type enables me to fix the systematic position of
the insect with certainty in Bacunculus.

8. Bacunculus pictus, Br.
Bacunculus pictus, Brunner, op. cit. il. p. 833 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann, in coll. Godman & Salvin);
GuatemaLa (Mus. Stuttgart, Mus. Vienna), Senahu in Vera Paz (Champion) [eoll.
Godman & Salvin: 2 3 3, types].

4. Bacunculus pretermissus, Br.
Bacunculus pretermissus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 8383 (1907).
Hab. Guaremata (Mus. Vienna, Mus. Stuttgart), San Gerénimo (Champion) ; Costa
Rica (Van Patten) (coll. Godman § Salvin: 2 3 ¢ |.

5. Bacunculus inconspicuus, Br.
Bacunculus inconspicuus, Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 834 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris) ; Costa Rica (Mus. Geneva, Mus. Vienna).

6. Bacunculus unidentatus, Br.
Bacunculus unidentatus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 834 (1907).

_ Hab. Mexico, Atoyac-in Vera Cruz, Jalisco (Schumann, in coll. Godman é Salvin: :
1 @, 1 larva).
BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. | 3 AA

352 ORTHOPTERA.

7. Bacunculus carinulatus, Br.
Bacunculus carinulatus, Brunner, op. cit. 1. p. 334 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Ciudad in Durango 8100 feet (Forrer), Sierra de las Aguas Escondidas
in Guerrero 7000 feet (H. H. Smith) {coll. Godman & Salvin: 2 3 ¢, types].

8. Bacunculus godmani, Br.
Bacunculus godmani, Brunner, op. cit. il. p. 834 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Amula in Guerrero 6000 feet (H. H. Smith), Jalisco (Schumann)
[coll. Godman & Salvin: 3 3 & (types), 2 larve, ¢ & ¢ |.

9. Bacunculus tridens, Burm.
Bacteria tridens, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 567 (1889).
Bacunculus tridens, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 334 (1907).
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Berlin, Mus. Brit., Mus. Paris, Geneva, Vienna), Amula,
Omilteme, and Chilpancingo in Guerrero 4600-8000 feet (H. H. Smith) [coll. Godman
& Salvin: 46 6,1 9].

10. Bacunculus elongatus, Br.
Bacunculus elongatus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 835 (1907).

Hab. Mexico, Dos Arroyos in Guerrero 1000 feet (ZZ. H. Smith, in coll. Godman &
_ Salvin: 1 3, type).

11. Bacunculus contractus, Br.
Bacunculus contractus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 8385 (1907).

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de Nayarit in Jalisco (Mus. Paris)...

12. Bacunculus ignavus, Rehn.
Heteronemia ignava, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 54.

Hab. Costa Rica, Piedras Negras (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

13. Bacunculus olmecus, Sauss.
Bacteria olmecus, Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Orthopt. p. 156 (1870).
Bacunculus olmecus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 8385 (1907).

Hab. Mexico, Eastern Cordillera (Mus. Paris).

14. Bacunculus forcipatus, Br.
Bacunculus forcipatus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 335 (1907).

Hab. Mexico, San Salvador (Mus. Vienna).

15. Bacunculus incongruens, Br.
Bacunculus incongruens, Brunner, op. cit. il. p. 336 (1907).

BACUNCULUS.—DIAPHEROMERA. 303

Hab. Mexico, Teapa in Tabasco (H. H. Smith); Guatemata, Senahu in Vera Paz
(Champion) (coll. Godman & Salvin: 10 ¢ 3, including type].

16. Bacunculus phalangiphora, Rehn.
Sermyle phalangiphora, Rehn, Ent. News, 1907, p. 229.

Hab, British Honpuras, Belize (J. D. Johnson, in Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia).

17. Bacunculus physconia, Rehn.
Sermyle physconia, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad, 1904, p. 51.

Hab. Costa Rica, Piedras Negras (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

18. Bacunculus guatemala, Rehn.
Sermyle guatemale, Rehn, ‘Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. xxix. p. 7 (1908).

Hab. Guatemaua, Gualan (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

19. Bacunculus foliatus, Br.
Bacunculus foliatus, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 8336 (1907).

Hab. Muxico, Guerrero (coll. Godman & Salvin, teste Brunner).

I can find no specimens of this species in the collection.

20. Bacunculus (?) cacica, Kaup.
Bacteria cacica, Kaup, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xv. p. 28 (1871).

fab. MEXxico.
Omitted by Brunner from his Monograph.

21. Bacunculus (?) palmeri, Caud.
Bacillus palmeri, Caudell, Ent. News, 1902, p. 274.

Hab. Mexico, Durango (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

Also omitted from Brunner’s Monograph.

DIAPHEROMERA, Gray.
Diapheromera, Gray, Syn. Phasm. p. 18 (1835) ; Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 337 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Cerci simplices. od.
2. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana
extra spinam normalem mutica. . . . . . . Dz. calcarata, Burm.
2’. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana
obtuse denticulata . . . . ., ,. . . . . Dz denticrus, Stal.
Y’. Cerci furcati, inequales. . . . . . 1... . . Dz furcata, Br.

3 AA 2

354 ORTHOPTERA.

2 ¢.

1, Femora intermedia et postica subtus extra spinam
normalem mutica.
2. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana,

extra spinam normalem, integra. . . . . . . JD. calcarata, Burm.
2'. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana
minutissime crenulata. . . . . . . . . . OD. nitens, Br.
1’. Femora intermedia et postica subtus carina mediana
per totam longitudinem spinosa . . . . . . « JD. denticrus, Stal.
Species incerte sedis. . . . . . . . . . . « « Dz. velii, Walsh ; D. beckeri, Kaup ;

D. bidens, Kaup; D. strigiceps, Kaup.

1. Diapheromera calcarata, Burm. (Trychopeplus spinoso-lobatus, Tab. V1.
fig. 4, 2.) |
Bacteria calcarata, Burmeister, Handb. Ent. ii. p. 56 (1839).
Diapheromera calcarata, Brunner, op. cit. i. p. 3388 (1907).
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Berlin, Mus. Vienna), Chihuahua (MZ. Kerr, in coll. Godman &
Salvin: 1 3).

2. Diapheromera denticrus, Stal.
Diapheromera denticrus, Stal, Rec. Orth. i. p. 76 (1875); Brunner, op. cit. 11. p. 338 (1907).

Hab. Norta America, Louisiana, Texas.—Mexico, Jalapa (Mus. Hamburg).

8. Diapheromera furcata, Br. (Tab. V. fig. 6, 3.)
Diapheromera furcata, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 338 (1907).
Hab. Mexico, Amula 6000 feet, and Venta de Zopilote 2800 feet, both in Guerrero
(H. H. Smith, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 2 6 &, 1 &, types).

This species varies considerably in size.

4. Diapheromera nitens, Br.
Diapheromera nitens, Brunner, op. cit. ii. p. 838 (1907).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Budapest).

The following species are not quoted by Brunner in his Monograph; it is possible
that they are synonymous with some of the forms recorded above from Central
America :—

5. Diapheromera velii, Walsh.
Diapheromera velit, Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. iii. p. 410 (1864) ; Scudder, Psyche, ix. p. 189
(1901) ; Caudell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxvi. p. 876, t. 58. fig. 5 (1903).

Hab. Nortu America, United States.—MExico.

DIAPHEROMERA.—PHIBALOSOMIN 2,

6. Diapheromera beckeri, Kaup.
Diapheromera beckeri, Kaup, Ber]. ent. Zeitschr. xv. p. 27 (1871).

Hab. Mexico.

7. Diapheromera(?) bidens, Kaup.
Diapheromera bidens, Kaup, t. c. p. 28 (1871).

Hab. Mexico. -

8. Diapheromera (?) strigiceps, Kaup.
Diapheromera strigiceps, Kaup, t. c. p. 28.

Tab. Mexico.

| Subfam. PHIBALOSOMIN &.
Conspectus generum.

l. Femora antica superne haud compressa vel superne utrinque sub-
zqualiter spinosa, (Sect. EurycantH2.)

2. Femora antica haud oblique compressa, superne lobato-dentata

2'. Femora antica oblique compressa.

3. Occiput bicorne.

4. Apex abdominis ? rostratus .

4’, Apex abdominis ? haud rostratus .
3°, Occiput spinosum vel tuberculatum, haud bicorne.

4. Mesonotum strumosum. Ale ¢ ¢ distinctz, lobiformes

4’. Mesonotum haud strumosum. Ale ¢ ? desunt Lo.

1’. Femora antica superne plus minusve compressa rite inermia. (Sect.

PHIBALOSOMATA. )

2. Femora antica carina infera mediana margini antico appropinquata ;
femora 4 postica subtus ante apicem in carina externa dentibus vel
spinis majoribus haud instructa. 9 aptera.

3. Metatarsus superne sulcatus .
3’. Metatarsus superne carinatus vel cristatus.
4, Segmentum medianum metanoto distincte brevius. ¢ apterus.
4/, Segmentum medianum metanoto equilongum vel longius.
¢& plerumque alatus er

2’, Femora antica carina infera mediana in medio sita; femora 4: postica
margine laterali infero saltem externo ante apicem dentibus vel
spinis majoribus 1-2 armato. ¢ ? alatus.

3. Femora omnia foliaceo-lobata, antica cum tibiis undulato-dilatata .
3’. Femora antica cum tibiis haud foliaceo-lobata, 4 postica spinosa .

Pericentrus, Redt.
Ruyncuacris, Redt.
Puantasis, Sauss.

Hyvocyrtvs, Redt.
[Lampontivs, Sial.]

CLonisTria, Stal.
Bosrra, Stal.

Bacteria, Latr.

Prerinoxy.vs, Serv.
Hapuorvs, Gray.

356 ORTHOPTERA.

PERICENTRUS, Redt.
Pericentrus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 851 (1908).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Tibiz omnes superne dentate. Femora 4 postica subrecta . . . P. laciniatus, Westw.
1’. Tibize 4 posticze superne inermes. Femora 4 postica incurva. . . P. spinoso-lobatus, Redt.

1. Pericentrus laciniatus, Westw. (Zrychopeplus multilobatus, Tab. VI.
fig. 5, 3.)
Ceroys laciniatus, Westwood, Thes. Ent. Oxon. p. 174, t. 82. fig. 4 (1874).
3. Pericentrus multilobatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 8352 (1908).
Hab. Nicaraaua (Mus. Brit.; Mus. Oxford, 2 type) ; Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers) ;
Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui 2500-4000 feet, Bugaba 800-1500 feet (Champion) [ coll.
Godman & Salvin: 4 3 8, including ¢ type].

I have carefully compared Westwood’s type with the ¢ ¢ described by Redtenbacher
and have no doubt that it is the true 2 of multilobatus 6. Redtenbacher is conse-
quently in error in describing as the 2 of this species a specimen from Peru; but the
name multilobatus can be applied with propriety to the Peruvian insect, which is
undoubtedly closely allied to the Central-American form. P. laciniatus, Westw.,
is not noticed in the monograph of Brunner and Redtenbacher, although a good
figure of it was published.

2. Pericentrus spinoso-lobatus, Redt.
Pericentrus spinoso-lobatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 353 (1908).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: larva),
The insect figured in this work under the name of Trychopeplus spinoso-lobatus is,

as already stated, Diapheromera calcarata, Burm. ‘The type in the Vienna Museum
was from an unknown locality.

~RHYNCHACRIS, Redt.
Rhynchacris, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 854 (1908).

Rhynchacris ornata, Redt. (Tab. VI. fig. 6, 2.)
Rhynchacris ornata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 354 (1908).

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2 , type).

PHANTASIS,—HYPOCYRTUS. aod

PHANTASIS, Sauss.
Phantasis, Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Orthopt. p. 188 (1870) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 354.

Conspectus specierum. 2 @.

1. Mesonotum valde rugoso-tuberculatum, retrorsum valde coarctatum,
margine laterali antice denticulato. . . . . 1. . 1...) «OP. planula, Westw.
1’. Mesonotum granulosum, margine laterali antice granulato, retrorsum
parum sinuato-angustatum.
2. Femora 4 postica superne haud lobata. Segmentum anale trans-

versum we ee ee ee ee ee ew ww.) OEP. saussurei, Bole]
2’. Femora 4 postica superne 3-lobata. Segmentum anale equilongum ac
latum «1 we ee ee ee we ee ee ew ee) 62 lobata, Redt.

1. Phantasis planula, Westw.
Phasma planulum, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 34, t. 1. fig. 7 (1859).
Phantasis planula, Redteubacher, op. cit. ili. p. 855 (1908).

Hab. t Mexico (Mus. Vienna).—ANTILLES, San Domingo.

2. Phantasis lobata, Redt.
Phantasis lobata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 355 (1908).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion in coll. Godman § Salvin: 1 ¢, type).

[3. Phantasis saussurei, Bol. (P. subconstricta, Tab. VI. fig. 2, 9.)
Phantasis saussuret, Bolivar, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr. i. p. 186 (1888); Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii.
p. 355 (1508).

Hab. ANTILLES, Cuba, Port au Prince. |

HYPOCYRTUS, Redt.
Hypocyrtus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 355 (1908).

Conspectus specierum.

é od.
1. Segmentum anale profunde excisum, bilobatum . . . . . . . AH. seythrus, Westw.
1’. Segmentum anale truncatum . ...... . . . . + . H. substrumosus, Redt.
go.

1. Segmentum abdominale 7 precedentibus parum latius. Corpus

vitta albida longitudinali ornatum we oe ww ee | 0D. vittatus, Westw.

1’. Segmentum abdominale 7 valde dilatatum. Corpus vitta albida
nulla.

2. Mesonotum struma spinulosa et tuberculata. Femora 4 postica

superne dentibus 4 majoribus armata . ... . . . . © A. scythrus, Westw.

358 . ORTHOPTERA.

2’. Mesonotum struma lobata vel foliaceo-dentata. Femora 4 postica
superne lobis vel dentibus tantum 3 armata.

3. Lobi segmenti 7 margine integro. Femora antica subintegra . H. postpositus, Redt.
8’. Lobi segmenti 7 abdominis margine irregulariter crenulato.
Femora antica obtuse dentata . . . . .. =. =. =. . . A. substrumosus, Redt.

1. Hypocyrtus vittatus, Westw.
Anophelepis vittata, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 69, t. 3. fig. 3 (1859).
Hypocyrtus vittatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 356 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit.).

2. Hypocyrtus scythrus, Westw. (H. strumosus, Tab. VII. fig. 1.)
Anophelepis scythrus, Westwood, op. cit. p. 68, t. 2. fig. 3 (1859).
Hypocyrtus scythrus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 856 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Brit., Mus. Paris, Mus. Vienna).

3. Hypocyrtus postpositus, Redt.
Hypocyrtus postpositus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 356 (1908).
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Vienna).

4. Hypocyrtus substrumosus, Redt. (Tab. VII. fige. 2a, ¢; 26, 2.)
Hypocyrtus substrumosus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 857 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris), Jalapa (Mus. Hamburg), Cordova (Hoge), Rinconada
(Schaus) (coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2, 1 larva].

{[LAMPONIUS, Stal.
Lamponius, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. pp. 19, 74 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 357 (1908).

1. Lamponius guerini, Sauss. (Tab. VI. fig. 3, 2.)
Pygirhynchus guerini, Saussure, Miss. Sci. Mex., Orthopt. p. 169, t. 3. fig. 18 (1870).
Lamponius guerini, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 558 (1908).

Hab. ANTILLES, Guadeloupe. |

CLONISTRIA, Stal. .
Clonistria, Stal, Rec. Orth. ii. p. 25 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 403 (1908).

Conspectus specierum.

1. g. Segmentum abdominale 8 gracile; lamina subgenitalis haud

tumida, ¢. Pleureleves . . . 2 1. 1... 1 1 1...) C. guadeloupensis, Redt.
1’. $. Segmentum abdominale 8 valde tumidum; lamina subgenitalis

eucullata. 9. Pleuree granulosee coe ee ew ee ww ww) C. guatemalensis, Redt.

CLONISTRIA.—BOSTRA. 359

1. Clonistria guadeloupensis, Redt.
Clonistria guadeloupensis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 404 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Stuttgart: 3 type; Mus. Geneva: 2 type).— ANTILLES,
Guadeloupe.

2. Clonistria guatemalensis, Redt.
Clonistria guatemalensis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 405 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Geneva: 3 type; Mus. Berlin: 2 type).

BOSTRA, Stal.
Bostra, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 24 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 406 (1908).

Conspectus specierum.

$d.

1. Vertex cornubus duobus longis foliaceis instructa . . . . . . B. dorsuaria, Stal.
1’. Vertex levis.
2. Femora 4 postica carinis omnibus inferis spinulosis. . . . . 3B. podagrica, Stal.
2’. Femora 4 postica carinis inferis lateralibus muticis.
3. Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana denticulata . . . . B. amplectens, Redt.
3’. Femora 4 postica vel saltem postica carina infera mediana
inermi.
4, Cerci longissimi, cruciati. Lobi laterales segmenti 9 plus
minusve contigui. . . . . - + + + + + + + « 2B, obtuse-cornuta, Redt.
4’, Cerci breves, haud cruciati. Lobi laterales segmenti 9
subtus haud contigui.
5. Lamina subgenitalis fornicata. Lobi laterales segmenti 9

rotundati. . . . . . ee ee ee) «6B. champion, Redt.
. Lamina subgenitalis acute gibbosa. Lobi laterales
segmenti9 margine recto. . . .. - B. mirata, Redt.; B. galiscensis, Rehn ;

B. incompta, Rehn.
Qf.

1. Vertex cornubus 2 auriformibus compressis obsitus.
2, Femora 4 postica subtus mutica . . «© + - + + + « + « B, dorsuaria, Stal.
2!. Femora 4 postica subtus basi lobata. . . . - . . + + « 3B. lobata, Redt.
1’. Vertex levis vel spinis vel tuberculis 2 obsitus.
2. Vertex tuberculatus vel bispinosus.
3. Vertex spinis vel tuberculis 2 acuminatis, acutis instructus.
4. Pleurz spinulose vel acute tuberculate. _
Metatarsus simplex. . . . «. . + + « + + « « B. obtuse-cornuta, Redt.
. Metatarsus lobatus . . . . = .- . . . . . « B. magistralis, Redt.
4!, * pleura leves vel granulosz vel obtuse tuberculate,
5. Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana mutica. . . . B. lunge-operculata, Redt.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. 3 BB

360 ORTHOPTERA.

5’, Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana apice 5-7
spinulosa . rr . B. godmani, Redt.
3’. Vertex obtuse tuberculatus. (Metatarsus lobatus.). . . . P. saussurei, Redt.
2’, Vertex levis vel granulosus. -

3. Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana denticulata.

4. Pectus leve. Caputdeplanatum . . . . . . . . « B.procoppi, Redt.

4’, Peetus granulosum. Caputcylindricum ... . . . B. tridenticulata, Redt.
3’. Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana mutica.

4. Vertex granulosus. Mesonotum dense granulosum . . . B. similis, Redt.

4’, Vertex levis. Mesonotum remote granulosum B. margaritata, Redt.

Species incerte sedis . . . . . . B.remiformis, Rehn; B. jugalis, Rehn; B. martina, Griff.

1. Bostra dorsuaria, Stal. (Tab. VI. figg. 1, la, ¢.)
Bostra dorsuaria, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 79 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 408 (1908).

Hab. Panama (Mus. Stockholm), Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin:
1 2).

2. Bostra lobata, Redt.
Bostra lobata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 408 (1908).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2, type).

3. Bostra podagrica, Stal.
Bostra podagrica, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 79 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. ui. p. 409 (1908).

Hab, Panama (Mus. Stockholm).

4, Bostra amplectens, Redt. (Tab. V. fig. 1, ¢.)
Bostra amplectens, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 409 (1908).

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché (Rogers, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3, type).

5. Bostra obtuse-cornuta, Redt.
Bostra obtuse-cornuta, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 409 (1908).

Hab. Guatemaua (Mus. Berlin, Mus. Geneva); Costa Rica (Mus. Vienna).

6. Bostra magistralis, Redt.
Bostra magistralis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 410 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata, Panzos in Vera Paz (Conradt, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 @ , type).

7. Bostra championi, Redt.
Bostra championi, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 410 (1908).
Hab. Guatemata, Cahabon in Vera Paz (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin:
1 ¢, type).

BOSTRA. 361

8. Bostra mirata, Redt.
Bostra mirata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 410 (1908).

Hab. GuatTEMALA (coll. Bolivar).

9. Bostra longe-operculata, Redt.
Bostra longeoperculata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 411 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Paris).

10. Bostra godmani, Redt.
Bostra godmani, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 411 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata, Zapote (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 9); Nicaragua
(Mus. Vienna); Costa Rica (Mus. Geneva).

11. Bostra saussurei, Redt. °
Bostra saussurei, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ii. p. 411 (1908). |

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Budapest).

12. Bostra procoppi, Redt.
Bostra procoppi, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ii. p. 411 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Budapest).

13. Bostra tridenticulata, Redt.
Bostra tridenticulata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 411 (1908).
Hab. Mexico, Acaguizotla in Guerrero 3500 feet (H. H. Smith, in coll. Godman &
Salvin: 1 @, type).

14. Bostra similis, Redt.
Bostra similis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 412 (1908).

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco (Schumann, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3, type,1 ¢ larva).

15. Bostra margaritata, Redt.
Bostra margaritata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 412 (1908).

Hab. Mexico, Sierra de Nayarit (Mus. Paris).

16. Bostra remiformis, Rehn.
Bostra remiformis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 58; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii.
p. 412 (1908).
Hab. Costa Rica, Piedras Negras (U.S. Nat. Mus.).
3 BBQ

362 ORTHOPTERA.

17. Bostra jaliscensis, Rehn.
Bostra jaliscensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 514.

Hab. Mexico, Jalisco, Tuxpan (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).

18. Bostra incompta, Rehn.
Bostra incompta, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phitad. 1904, p. 57.

Hab, Costa Rica, San Carlos (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

19. Bostra jugalis, Rehn.
Bostra jugalis, Rehn, Invertebrata Pacifica, i. p. 72 (Jan. 30, 1905).

Hab. Nicaragua, Chinandega (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).

20. Bostra martini, Griff.
Bostra martini, Griffini, Bol]. Mus. Torino, xi. no. 236, p. 10 (1896).
Oncotophasma martini, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 59.

Hab. Costa Rica, San Carlos (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadeiphia).—CoLoMBIa.

This species is considered by Rehn to be the type of a new genus, Oncotophasma,
characterized by the swollen metathorax and inflated, strongly armed femora.

BACTERIA, Latr.

Bacteria, Latreille, Fam. nat. du Régne Anim. p. 412 (1825); Redtenbacher, op. cit. iu.
p. 412 (1908). | :

Conspectus specierum.

3S.
]. Alatee.
2. Ale segmentum medianum multo superantes. Vertex bituber-
culatus . . 1. ee ee ee ee ee ewe LB. ploiaria, Westw. |
2’, Ale segmentum medianum vix superantes. Vertex muticus . . JB. subvolans, Redt.
1’. Aptere.

2. Segmentum dorsale 9 abdominis lobis lateralibus triangulariter

productis 2. 1. 1... ee ee ee B. nodulosa, Redt.
2', Segmentum dorsale 9 marginibus lateralibus rectis vel rotundatis.
3. Segmentum anale apice bilobatum. . . . . . . . . . . B. nova, Redt.
3". Segmentum anale rotundatum . . . . . . . . . . « « B. horni, Redt.
2g.
1. Vertex muticus vel minutissime bituberculatus.
2. Femora 4 postica mutica . 2. 1. 1 1 we eee CB nova, Redt.
2'. Femora 4 postica lobulata . . . . . 1. . . . . «OB. foliolata, Redt.

1’. Vertex bispinosus vel bituberculatus vel bicornis.
2. Vertex spinis vel tuberculis 2—4 instructus.
3. Vertex inter oculos 4-spinosus . . . . . .... =. . . <B. 4-sninosa, Redt.

BACTERIA, 363

3’. Vertex bispinosus vel bituberculatus vel bicornis.
4. Vertex bispinosus vel conice bituberculatus.

5. Vertex bispinulosus. . : . . . . .. . . . . . <B. vosseleri, Redt.
5’. Vertex conice bituberculatus . . . . . . . . =. . . SB. horni, Redt.
4’, Vertex cornubus 2 crassis, cylindricis, apice obtusis.
5. Mesonotum inequaliter tuberculatum. Statura majore. . B. burkarti, Sauss.
5’, Mesonotum granulosum. Staturaminore . .. . . . SB. zehntneri, Redt.
2’. Vertex cornubus 2 apice compressis, 1-2-denticulatis.
3. Vertex inter cornua bispinosus. . . . . . . . . . . . SB. frustrans, Redt.

3’. Vertex inter cornua inermis.
4. Femora 4 posticahaud lobata . . . . .. . . =. =. © SB. frey-gessneri, Redt.
4’, Femora 4 plus minusve lobata.
5. Lobi femorum 4 posticorum simplices vel obtuse bilobati . B. bicornis, Stoll.
5’. Lobi femorum 4 posticorum compositi. . . . . . . . SB. etola, Westw.
Species incerte sedis. . . . 1. 1 ee we eee ee OBL sartoriana, Kaup.

1, [Bacteria ploiaria, Westw. (Phanocles ploiaria, Tab. VII. fig. 3a, 3.)
Phibalosoma ploiaria, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 79, t. 13. fig. 4 (1859).
Bacteria plotaria, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 416 (1908).

Hab. Nortu America, West coast.—DutcH GUIANA. |

2. Bacteria subvolans, Redt.
Bacteria subvolans, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 11. p. 416 (1908).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 38, type).

3. Bacteria nodulosa, Redt.
Bacteria nodulosa, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 416 (1908).

Hab. Panama (Mus. Vienna).—Gutana; BrRazIL; ANTILLES.

4, Bacteria nova, Redt.
Bacteria nova, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iil. p. 417 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Vienna); Guatemata (Mus. Stuttgart).

5. Bacteria foliolata, Redt.
Bacteria foliolata, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 418 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Vienna).

6. Bacteria 4-spinosa, Redt.
Bacteria 4-spinosa, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 419 (1908).

Hab. Mexico, Mazatlan (Mus. Hamburg).

364 ORTHOPTERA.

7. Bacteria vosseleri, Redt.
Bacteria vosseleri, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili, p. 419 (1908).

Hab. Guatemata (Mus. Stuttgart).

8. Bacteria horni, Redt.
Bacteria horni, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 419 (1908).
Hab. Mexico, San Geronimo (Mus. Vienna, Mus. Budapest).

9. Bacteria burkarti, Sauss. (Phanocles burkartii, Tab. VII. fig. 36, 2.)
Bacteria burkarti, Saussure, Rev. Zool. (2) xx. p. 65 (1868) ; Miss. Sci. Mex., Orthopt. p. 151,
t. 8. fig. 6 (1872) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 421 (1908).

Hab. Muxico (Mus. Geneva), Atoyac in Vera Cruz (Schumann, in coll. Godman &
Salvin) ; Panama, Chiviqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin).—CouomBia.

10. Bacteria zehntneri, Redt.
Bacteria zehntneri, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 111. p. 421 (1908).

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (H. H. Smith, in coll. Godman & Salvin); GUATEMALA
(Mus. Geneva: 1 2, type.)

11. Bacteria frustrans, Redt.
Bacteria frustrans, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ii. p. 421 (1908).

Hab. Mexico, Colima (Mus. Vienna).

12. Bacteria frey-gessneri, Redt.
Bacteria frey-gessneri, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 421 (1908).

Hab. Guaremata (Mus. Geneva).

13. Bacteria bicornis, Stoll.
Phasma bicornis, Stoll, Re, rés. Spectres, Phasmes, etc. p. 46, t. 15. fig. 57 (1813).
Bacteria bicornis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 422 (1908).

Ilab. Mexico, Guaymas (Mus. Hamburg).—ANTILLES.

14. Bacteria zxtola, Westw.
Bacteria etola, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 27, t. 22. fig. 3 (1859); Redtenbacher, op. cit. ii.
p. 422 (1908).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Oxford, Mus. Paris).

15. Bacteria sartoriana, Kaup.
Bacteria sartoriana, Kaup, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xv. p. 29 (1871).

Liab. Mexico.

PTERINOXYLUS.—PYGIRHYNCHIN A. 365

PTERINOXYLUS, Serv.

Pterinoxylus, Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth. p. 226 (1839) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 427
(1908).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Segmentum abdominale 7 § 9 valde lobato-dilatatum . . . . . P. difformipes, Serv.
1’. Segmentum abdominale 7 g 9 haud vel leviter dilatatum . . . . P. spinulosus, Redt.

1. Pterinoxylus difformipes, Serv.
Pterinoxylus difformipes, Serv. op. cit. p. 227 (1839) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 428 (1908).
Hab. Guatemata, Chacoj in Vera Paz (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin);
Costa Rica (Mus. Paris); Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin).—
SURINAM ; Braziu.

Represented in the Godman and Salvin collection by four larve only.

2. Pterinoxylus spinulosus, Redt.
Pierinoxylus spinulosus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 428, t. 20. fig. 3 (1908).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin, and Mus. Vienna:
1 @ larva, @ type).

HAPLOPUS, Gray.
Haplopus, Gray, Syn. Phasm. p. 34 (1835) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. iii. p. 429 (1908).

1. Haplopus perarmatus, Redt.
Haplopus perarmatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. ili. p. 431 (1908).
Hab. Nicaragua (Mus. Berlin).

Redtenbacher suggests that this species is the male of H. obtusus, Redt., which he
records from ‘“ Santa Cruz” without further specification, but presumably the Antillean
island of that name is intended.

Sect, AREOLAT &.
Subfam. PYGIRAHY NCHINA.

Conspectus generum.

1. Abdominis segmenta angulis posticis haud foliaceo-productis.
2. Antennarum articulus primus latus, depressus, inermis.
3. Corpus ? tectiforme, carinatum. Segmentum anale 9 rostri-
forme. Meso- et metanotum g cum abdomine haud spinosa. Pyciruyncuus, Serv.
3', Corpus ¢ subteres, indistincte carinatum. Segmentum anale
? haud rostriforme. Meso- et metanotum ¢ cum abdomine
saltem partim spinosa . . . . . «© - + ee « | ~ 6 Crroys, Serv.

366 ORTHOPTERA.

2'. Anternarum articulus primus parum depressus, apice dentibus
vel tuberculis 1-2 armatus . . . . . . + +. « + + [AcantHocronta, Redt.]
1', Abdominis segmenta angulis posticisfoliaceo-productis,lobiformibus. [Szrosa, Redt.]

PYGIRHYNCHUS, Serv.

Pygirhynchus, Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 260 (1839) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 57
(1906).

1. Pygirhynchus subfoliatus, Serv.
Pygirhynchus subfoliatus, Serville, op. cit. p. 261 (1839) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 58 (1906).
Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris).—Braziu.

Species incert@é sedis.

2. Pygirhynchus capreolus, Kaup.
Ceroys capreolus, Kaup, Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xv. p. 84 (1871).
Pygirhynchus capreolus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 59 (1906).

Hab. Mexico.

CEROYS, Serv.
Ceroys, Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 262 (1839) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 60 (1906).

Conspectus specierum. 2 &.

1. Meso- et metanotum spinosa. Femora antica cum tibiisinermia . . C. perfoliatus, Gray.
1’. Meso- et metanotum in medio lobis validis 2 spinulosis instructa.
Femora omnia cum tibiis dentata . . . . . . . . + + » |) 6 C, bigibbus, Rehn.

1. Ceroys perfoliatus, Gray.
Cladomorphus perfoliatus, Gray, Syn. Phasm. p. 15 (1835).
Ceroys perfoliatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 60 (1906).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris).—Gutana ; BRAZIL.

2. Ceroys bigibbus, Rehn.
Ceroys bigibbus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 48.

Hab. NicaRaGva.
[ACANTHOCLONIA, Stal.
Acanthoclonia, Stal, Bih. Svenska Akad. ii. (17) p. 8 (1875); Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 62 (1906).

1. Acanthoclonia erinacea, Redt. (Acanthoclina crinaceus, Tab. Vill.
fig. 1, 2.)
Acanthoclonia erinaceus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 62 (1906).

Hab. Coromsia, Antioquia. |

SETOSA.—AUTOLYCA. 367

[SETOSA, Redt.
Setosa, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 65 (1906).

1. Setosa versicolor, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig. 2.)
Setosa versicolor, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 66 (1906).

flab. CotomBia, Cauca, Popayan. |

Subfam. ANJSOMORPHINA.

Conspectus generum,

1. Femora omnia superne distincta carinata. Antennarum articulus

primus depressus, intus carinatus . PaRaNisomorPHa, Redt.

1’. Femora antica recta, superne teretia vel obtuse carinata. Anten-
AvTotyCa, Stal.

narum articulus primus teres
PARANISOMORPHA, Redt.
Paranisomorpha, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 87 (1906).

1. Paranisomorpha insignis, Redt.
Paranisomorpha insignis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 90 (1906).
Hab. Costa Rica (Mus. Geneva, Mus. Vienna), Rio Sucio (Rogers, in coll. Godman

& Salvin: 1 2).

AUTOLYCA, Stal.
Autolyca, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. pp. 56, 95 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 94 (1906).

1. Autolyca pallidicornis, Stal.
Autolyca pallidicornis, Stal, op. cit. 1. p. 95 (1875); Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 95, t. 3.
figg. 18, 19.

Hab. British Honpuras, Rio Sarstoon (Blancaneaua, in coll. Godman & Salvin) ;
Guatemala (Mus. Vienna, Mus. Hamburg, coll. Bolivar), Chinautla, Capetillo, Zapote
(Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin), Vera Paz (Mus. Paris) ; Sauvapor (Mus. Vienna).
— COLOMBIA.

There are three maies and one female of this species in the collection before me.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. I1., November 1908. 3 Cc

ORTHOPTERA.

Subfam. PHASMIN A.

Conspectus generum.

1. Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana nulla vel obtusa, inermi.
2. Femora teretia vel leviter carinata. (Sect.
STRATOCLES.)

Ocelli semper adsunt.

3. Femora antica basi recta, superne teretia, haud vel indistincte
carinulata.
4. Occiput fortiter globoso-tumidum
4’, Occiput haud globoso-tumidum . .
3’. Femora antica basi distincte incurva.
4. Femora antica carina supera interna nulla vel haud elevata,
subtus carina mediana nulla vel obtusissima.
5. ‘'Tibiz omnes superne subtusque teretes.
6. Mesonotum haud sulcatum. Statura major, robustior
. Mesonotum sulcatum. Statura minor, tenerrima .
5’, Tibize anticz superne sulcate vel bicarinulate.
6. Femora postica teretia vel subtilissime bicarinulata
6’. Femora postica distincte sulcata vel bicarinata.
7. Tibiz postice superne bicarinulate vel sulcate
7’. Tibize posticee superne teretes . woe ee ee
4’, Femora antica carina supera interna (precipue in @ ) distincte
elevata, subtus carina mediana acuta instructa oe
2'. Femora antica saltem oblique compressa, acute et distincte
Ocelli nulli. (Sect. Prisorr.)
3. Occiput globosum, leve vel bispinosum . Loa
3’. Occiput haud globosum, cum thorace granulatum et taberculatum.
Femora 4 postica carina infera mediana distincta, inermi vel obtusiore
et spinulosa.

carinata,

~

V.

2. Elytra aleque nulla. Femora triquetra. (Sect. Donus.) .
2!, Elytra aleque plerumque explicate. Femora 4 postica saltem
carinis superis distincte remotis.
3. Elytra brevia, rotundato-ovata.
Ocelli adsunt.

4. Occiput planiusculum.

Femora antica haud vel parum
compressa. (Sect. PHasMaATa.)
5. Femora 4 postica simplicia
5!. Femora 4 postica apice clavata .
4'. Occiput gibbosum, bicorne .
3. Elytralongiora,lanceolata. Femora antica precipue basin versus

distincte compressa. Ocelli variabiles.

(Sect. PRExasPEs.)
4. Occiput haud auritum.
5. Elytra aleque perfecte explicate vel abbreviate.
6. Mesonotum gracile, teres, carinis lateralibus nulilis.

7. Alex abbreviate . . .

Evcues, Redt.
STRATOCLEs, Stal.

Otcypuives, Griff.
TENERELLA, Redt.

AGrostia, Redt.

Brizorpes, Redt.
Hotca, Redt.

CubLoropHasma, Redt.

Damasiepus, Stal.
Prisopus, Serv.

Donusa, Stal.

Puasa, Serv.
PsreupopHasma, Bol.

[Eurnasma, Redt.]

Pianupes, Stal.

DONUSA.—EUCLES. 369

7'. Ale elongate.
8. Tuberculum elytrorum distinctum, compressum, ro-
tundatum vel undulatum . . . . . . . . Isagoras, Stal.
8’. Tuberculum elytrorum obsoletum vel nullum. . . Perruiopes, Redt.
6’. Mesonotum brevius et latius, depressum, carinis la-
teralibus distinctis. .
7. Elytra tuberculo obsoleto vel nullo. Pronotum postice

spinis recurvis nullis . . - . . . . . Merriores, Westw.
7’. Elytra tuberculo obtuso sed distincto, Pronotum rite .
spinis 2 recurvis validis instructum . . . . . . XeERosoma, Serv.
5’, Elytra aleque desunt . . . . . 2 . . . SS CX ra, Redt.]
4’. Occiput cristis 2 elevatis, spinosis, auriformibus . . . . . ([Creoxytus, Serv.]

DONUSA, Stal.
Donusa, Stal, Rec. Orth. i. pp. 54, 94 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 98.

1. Donusa prolixa, Stal.
Donusa prolixa, Stal, Bih. Svensk. Akad. iii. (17) p. 16 (1875); op. cit. ii. p. 54 (1875) ;
Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 99, t. 4. fig. 11 (1906).
_ Hab. Mexico, Tampico, Jalapa (Mus. Hamburg ; coll. Bolivar).—BrRazit; CHIL.

EUCLES, Redt.
Eucles, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 101 (1907).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Pedestotinigri . . 2. 2... ww ee ee ee we C2 bifasciatus, Redt.
1’. Pedes nigri, flavo-annulati . 2. 1. 1 ww we ee ee) LE imperialis, Redt.]

1. Kucles bifasciatus, Redt.
Eucles bifasciatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 102 (1906).

Hab. Costa Rica (Mus. Geneva).
(2. Eucles imperialis, Redt. (Tab. VIII. figg. 3a,b, 2 ; 3¢, 3.)

Eucles imperialis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 101 (1906).
Hab. Cotomsta; Perv. |

3 Ce 2

370 ~ ORTHOPTERA.

STRATOCLES, Stal.
Stratocles, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 96 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 102 (1906).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Femora omnia obscure annulata.
2. Elytra nigra, flavo-reticulata
2!, Elytra ochracea, apice viridia .

1’. Femora haud annulata.

2. Femora tota vel maxima parte nigro-lineata. . . . . . . . S. forcipatus, Bol.
2', Femora dimidia parte apicali nigro-lineata.
3. Tibiz postice g superne virides, apice cum tarsis nigree, 9 tote

S. cinctipes, Stal.
S. costaricensis, Rehn.

fusco-ochracez S. multilineatus, Rehn.

3'. Tibize posticze tote vel magna parte flave . . . . . . . . S.soror, Rehn.

Species incerte sedis. . . . « S. cryptochloris, Rehn.

1. Stratocles cinctipes, Stal.
Stratocles cinctipes, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 96 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 103 (1906).

Hab. Panama (Mus. Stockholm, Mus. Vienna).

2. Stratocles costaricensis, Rehn.
Stratocles costaricensis, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 93; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1.

p. 103 (1906).
Hab. Costa Rica (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

3. Stratocles forcipatus, Bol.
Stratocles forcipatus, Bolivar, Act. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 1896, p. 11; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i.

p. 105 (1908).
Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godmaa & Salvin: 1 3), Chiriqui (Mus.
Vienna).— CoLoMBIa ; AMAZONS ; PERU.

_ 4. Stratocles multilineatus, Rehn.
Stratocles multilineatus, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 91; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i.

p. 105 (1906).
Hab. Costa Rica, San Carlos (U.S. Nat. Mus.).—Upper AMazoxs.

5. Stratocles soror, Redt.
Stratocles soror, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 106 (1906).

Hab. Nicaragua, Chontales (Janson, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3, type).

6. Stratocles (?) cryptochloris, Rehn.
Pseudophasma cryptochloris, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 98.
? Stratocles cryptochloris, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 107 (1906).

Hab. Costa Rica, San Carlos (U.S. Nat. Mus.).

OLCYPHIDES.—BRIZOIDES. 371

OLCYPHIDES, Griff.
Olcyphides, Griffini, Zool. Anz. xxii. p. 89 (1899) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 108 (1906).

1. Olcyphides viridipes, Rehn.
Olcyphides viridipes, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1905, p. 798.

Hab. Costa Rica, Caché, 1000 metres (Mus. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia).

This species is not included in Brunner and Redtenbacher’s Monograph.

TENERELLA, Redt.
Tenerella, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 109 (1906).

1. Tenerella tenerrima, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig. 4.)
Tenerella tenerrima, Redtenhacher, op. cit. i. p. 109 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2 , type). —CoLoMBIA
(ATus. Vienna).

AGROSTIA, Redt.
Agrostia, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 110 (1906).

1. Agrostia ameena, Redt.
Agrostia amena, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 110 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Volean de Chiriqui, Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin:
3 6 6, including the type).

BRIZOIDES, Redt.
Brizoides, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 112 (1906).

Conspectus specierum.
1. Elytra cum area antica alarum fusco-tincta. Ale area postica flavescente. B. nigricornis, Redt.

1’. Elytra cum area antica alarum haud fusco-signata. Ala area postica
albida.
2, Antenne virides, nigro-lineate. Pedes unicolores, viridi-flavescentes. B. graminea, Redt.
2’, Antenne unicolores flavescentes. Femora annulo subapicali cum basi
et apicetibiarum nigro . . ee 7 ee ee ee eee eB. lacteipennis, Redt.

1. Brizoides nigricornis, Redt. (Briza nigricornis, Tab. VIII. fig. 5.)
Brizvides nigricornis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 112 (1906).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. Vienna: type), Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman &
Salvin: 4 3 3). |

372 ORTHOPTERA.

2. Brizoides graminea, Redt.
Brizoides graminea, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 113 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2, type).

3. Brizoides lacteipennis, Redt.
Brizoides lactetpennis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 113 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Bugaba_ (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3,12; Mus.
Vienna).—Uprer Amazons (Mus. Vienna: type).

HOLCA, Redt.
Holca, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 114 (1906).

1. Holca proxima, Redt.
Holca proxima, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 114 (1906).

Hab. Costa Rica, Rio Sucio (Rogers, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2, type).

CHLOROPHASMA, Redt.
Chlorophasma, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 114 (1906).

1. Chlorophasma hyalinum, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig. 6.)
Chlorophasma hyalina, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 114 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 @, type).

PHASMA, Serv.
Phasma, Serville, Enc. Méth. x. p. 100 (1828) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 118 (1906).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Mesonotum flavum, fusco-signatum. Alarum area antica flava, fusco-
venosa . ww ee ee ee ew ew ee ee) 6 P. annulipes, Redt.
1’. Mesonotum fuscum. Alarum area anticanigra . . . . . . . . P. perezii, Bol.

1. Phasma annulipes, Redt.
Phasma annulipes, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 119 (1906).

Hab. Mexico, Vera Cruz (Mus. Paris).—Botvia.

2. Phasma perezi, Bol.
Phasma perezii, Bolivar, An. Soc. Espaf. x. p. 479 (1881) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 120 (1906).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Paris) ; Costa Rica (Mus. Berlin, Mus. Liamburg); Panama

PHASMA.—ISAGORAS. 373

(Mus. Oxford), Bugaba, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin), Colon (ALus.
Vienna), Darien (Mus. Paris)—CoLomBiA; BritIsH GUIANA.

A long series. This species is undoubtedly very close to P. menius, Westw.

[ EUPHASMA, Redt.
Fuphasma, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 125 (1906).

1. Kuphasma bicorne, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig. 7.)
Euphasma bicorne, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 125 (1906).

Hab. Cotomuta. |

PSEUDOPHASMA, Bol.
Pseudophasma, Bolivar, Act. Soc. Espah. 1896, p. 13 ; Redtenhacher, op. cit. i. p. 123 (1906).

1. Pseudophasma (?) phaeton, Rehn.
Pseudophasma pheton, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 95.

Hab. Costa Rica, San Carlos.

The systematic position of this species is very uncertain.

PLANUDES, Stal.
Planudes, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. pp. 59, 98 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 131 (1906).

1. Planudes crenulipes, Rehn.
Planudes crenulipes, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 100.

Hab. Costa Rica, Tucurrique.

. ISAGORAS, Stal.
Isagoras, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. p. 98 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 183 (1906).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Elytra tuberculo lato compresso, abrupte elevato, varicoso-undulato . . J. dentipes, Redt.
1’. Elytra tuberculo rotundato, haud undulato . . . 1 ee ee ee 0 plagiatus, Redt.

1. Isagoras dentipes, Redt. |
Isagoras dentipes, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 134 (1906).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin, and Mus. Vienna :
3 6 ¢, including the type).

374 ORTHOPTERA.

2. Isagoras plagiatus, Redt.
Tsagoras plagiatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 185 (1906).

Hab. Paxama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 3).—
Cotombia; Braziu; Bouivia.

PERLIODES, Redt.
Perliodes, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 1386 (1906).

Conspectus specierunv.

1. Mesonotum carinis 2 longitudinalibus, per sulcum divisisinstructum. P. grisescens, Redt.
1’. Mesonotum haud sulcatum, teres vel unicarinatum . . . . . . P.nigrogranulosus, Redt.

1. Perliodes grisescens, Redt.
Perliodes grisescens, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 137 (1906).

Hab. Mexico (Mus. Oxford); Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. St. Petersburg).—SuninaM ;
BRaziL.

2. Perliodes nigrogranulosus, Redt.
Perliodes nigrogranulosus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 1387 (1906).

Hab. Mexico, Colima (coll. Rolle); Panama, Paya in Darien (Jus. Paris).—BRazit.

METRIOTES, Westw.
Metriotes, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 158 (1859) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 138 (1906).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Mesonoti dorsum utrinque spinis majoribus armatum . . . . . . [M. armatus, Redt.]
1’. Mesonoti dorsum latere tuberculatum.
2. Aletessellate . . 2. 2. 2. ee ew ee ee we ee 6M. diocles, Westw.
2’. Ale unicolores . . 1... ee. ee ee ee ee we MM. tphicles, Rect.

[1. Metriotes armatus, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig. 8.)
Metriotes armatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 189 (1906).

Hab. CovomBia ; Brazit. |

2. Metriotes diocles, Westw.

Metriotes diocles, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 161, t. 15. fig. 1 (1859) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1.
p. 140 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. Brit.)—Cotompia; Ecuapor.

METRIOTES.—XERA.

Oo
bee |
qr

3. Metriotes iphicles, Redt.
Metriotes iphicles, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 140 (1906).

Hab. Hoypuras, San Pedro Sula (Mus. Vienna: type); Panama, Bugaba (Champion,
in coll. Godman & Salvin: 1 2).

[CREOXYLUS, Serv.
Creoxylus, Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orth. p. 265 (1889) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 141 (1996).

1. Creoxylus spinosus, Fabr. (Tab. VIII. figg. 9a, ¢; 96, ¢, 2.)
Mantis spinosa, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 274 (1775).
Creoxylus spinosa, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 142 (1906).

Hab. CotomBia; Guiana; TRINIDAD. |

XEROSOMA, Serv.
Xerosoma, Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins. Orthopt. p. 274 (1839); Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 143

(1906).
Conspectus specierum.
]. Occiputimerme . . . . . . . ee eee ee eX, vignieri, Redt.
1’. Occiput 4—-12-spinosum . ww. ww wee ee eX. glyptomerion, Rehn.

1. Xerosoma vignieri, Redt.
Xerosoma vignieri, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 144 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Paya in Darien (Mus. Paris).

2. Xerosoma glyptomerion, Rehn.
NXerosoma glyptomerion, Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1904, p. 101; Redtenbacher, op. cit.
i. p. 145 (1906).
Hab. Costa Rica, San Carlos.

[XERA, Redt.
Nera, Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 145 (1906).

1, Xera debilis, Redt. (Tab. VIII. fig 10.)
Xera debilis, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 146 (1906).

Hab, CoLoMBIA ; VENEZUELA. |

BLOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., November 1908. | 3 Dp

376 ORTHOPTERA.

DAMASIPPUS, Stal.
Damasippus, Stal, Rec. Orth. iii. pp. 60, 101 (1875) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 147 (1905).

Conspectus specierum.

1. Elytra campo artico viridi, postico fusco vel fulvo.

2. Femora 4 postica tota fusco-nigra. . . . . . .. . . . « . Dz fuscipes, Redt.
2'. Femora tota vel maxima parte pallida, viridi-olivacea . . . . . . D. westwoodi, Stal.
1’, Elytra tota fusco-nigra vel campo antico saltem fusco . . . . . . . Dz. striatus, Redt.

1. Damasippus fuscipes, Redt.
Damasippus fuscipes, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 147 (1906).
Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (Mus. Vienna), Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin :
1 3).

2. Damasippus westwoodi, Stal.
Damasippus westwoodi, Stal, Rec. Orth. ui. p. 101 (1875); Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 148
(1906).
Hab. Panama (Mus. Stockholm), Bugaba (Champion, in coll. Godman & Salvin, teste
Redtenbacher ).—Co.LoMBIA.

I can find no specimen of this species in the collection.

8. Damasippus striatus, Redt. (Tab. VIII. figg. lla, ¢ ; 118, ¢.)
Damasippus striatus, Redtenbacher, op. cit. 1. p. 148 (1906).

Hab. Panama, Chiriqui (us. Vienna).—CoLoMBIa.

PRISOPUS, Serv.
Prisopus, Serville, Enc. Méth. x. p. 444 (1825) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i. p. 152 (1906).

1. Prisopus berosus, Westw.
Prisopus berosus, Westwood, Cat. Phasm. p. 168, t. 20. fig. 7 (1859) ; Redtenbacher, op. cit. i.
p. 153 (1906).
Hab, Muxico (Mus. Geneva, Mus. Vienna), Temax in N. Yucatan (Gaumer) ;
GuatemaLa, Los Diamantes, Pacific slope (Champion); Satvapor (Mus. Vienna); Panama
(Mus. Brit., Mus. Oxford) [in coll. Godman & Salvin: 23 3,1 2).

bea |
~1

os

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES OF PHASMID.

[The names of the species as they stand on the Plates are given in square brackets when
they differ from the names in the text. |.

Puiate V.

Fig. 1, ¢. Bostra amplectens, Redt.
Fig. 2,4, a, 3; 6,0’, 9. Libethra rabdotula, Br. [Caulonia rabdotula].
Fig. 3, 3. Paradiapheromera armata, Br,

Fig. 4, ¢. Paradiapheromera strumosa, Br.
Fig. 5, a, a’, 3; 6,0, 2. Bacunculus striatus, Burm.
Fig. 6. g. Diapheromera furcata, Br.
Priate VI.
Fig. 1, a, 3. Bostra dorsuaria, Stal.
Fig. 2, 9. Phantasis saussurei, Bol. [Phantasis subconstricta].
Fig. 8, 9. Lamponius guerini, Sauss.
Fig. 4, 9. Diapheromera calcarata, Burm. [ Trychopeplus spinoso-lobatus |.
Fig. 5, go. Pericentrus laciniatus, Westw. [Trychopeplus multilobatus}.
Fig. 6, 9. Rhynchacris ornata, Redt.

Puate VII.

Fig. 1, 2. Hypocyrtus scythrus, Westw. [Hypocirtus strumosus].

Fig. 2, a, & 3 b, 2. Hypocyrtus substrumosus, Redt. | Hypocirtus substrumosus |.
Fig. 3a, ¢. Bacteria ploiaria, Westw. [Phanocles ploiaria].

Fig. 3b, 9. Bacteria burkarti, Sauss. [Phanocles burkarti].

Puate VILLI.

1, 9. Acanthoclonia erinacea, Redt. [ Acanthoclina crinaceus ].
g, 2, 2. Setosa versicolor, Redt.
Fig. 8, a,b, 2; ¢, o. Eucles imperialis, Redt.
Fig. 4, 3. Tenerella tenerrimu, Redt.
5

Fig. 5, 9. Brizoides nigricornis, Redt. [Briza nigricornis].
Fig. 6, 2. Chlorophasma hyalinum, Redt.

Fig. 7, 9. Euphasma bicorne, Redt.

Fig. 8, 9. Metriotes armatus, Redt.

Fig. 9, a, 3 ; b,c, 9. Creoxylus spinosus, Fabr.
Fig. 10, 9. Xera debilis, Redt.
Fig. 11, a, ¢ ; 6, 9. Damasippus striatus, Redt.

INDEX.

[Names in small capitals refer to Families, &c.; those in roman type to the chief reference to each species included in the work ;
those in italics to species incidentally mentioned, synonyms, &c.]

ABILA, ii. 275.

Adbila, ii. 212, 214, 216, 276, 289.
(P) collaris, il. 275,
ACANTHERUS, ii. 36.

ptperatus, ii. 37.

Acunthoclina crinaceus, ii. 866, 377.

ACANTHOCLONIA, il. 366,
erinacea, li. 366,
ertnacea, li, 577.
Acanthodes, i. 405.
ACANTHODIS, i. 406.
azteca, i. 421.
bicuspidata, i. 406.
consanyuinea, 1, 412.
cristulata, i. 407.
humilis, i. 407.
mexicana, i, 421.
—— modesta, i. 407.
regina, 1. 412.
repanda, i. 408.
spiculata, i. 408.
tolteca, 1. 412.
unispinosa, i. 407.
variegata, i. 407.
ACANTHODITES, 1. 408.
Acanthoplistus, i. 199.
Acanthoprion aztecus, i. 404.
ACANTHOPS, i. 181,
azteca, 1. 158.
godmani, i. 181.
mexicana, i, 153.
sinuata, 1. 181, 182.
——- tessellata, i. 182.
Acheta binota, i. 256.
—— brasiliensis, i. 257,
ACHROBLATTA, 1. 100.
Achroblatta, i. 88.
luteola, i. 100.
ACHURUM, Ii, 34.
Achurum, ii. 26,

Achurum acridodes, li. 35.

—— acridodes, ii. 34.

—— brevipenne, ii. 34.

sumichrasti, ii. 34.

sumichrasti, i. 35.

ACONTISTA, 1. 130.

Acontista, i. 127, 131, 188.

amcenula, i. 137.

—— amenula, i. 131, 132, 133,

bimaculata, i. 138.

bimaculata, i. 138.

brevipennis, i. 138.

— brevipennis, i. 132.

—— cayennensis, i. 136.

cayennensis, i. 132, 133.

concinna, i. 134.

coneimna, i. 181, 132, 133, 135,
136, 137.

—— cordillere, i. 137.

cordillere, 1, 138, 135, 138.

elegans, i. 134.

fraterna, i. 136.

— fraterna, i. 182, 183, 137.

—— ingquinata, i, 137.

major, i, 183, 188, 149.

mexicana, i. 135,

—— mexicana, i. 131, 132, 133, 136,
187, 138.

—— ——, var. inquinata, i. 136.

, var. inquinata, i. 133.

—— ——, var. quadrimaculata,
i, 186.

——,, var. quadrimaculata,
i, 133.

—— multicolor, i. 186.

—— multicolor, i. 132, 1383.

paraensis, i. 135.

paraensis, i, 182, 183, 136.

—— perspicua, 1. 134.

reseiprnnis, i. 138, 139.

BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., February 1909.

Acontista semtrufa, 1. 137.
truncata, i. 133.

—— truncata, i. 131, 132, 154.
vitrea, 1. 138.

vitrea, i, 133, 136.
—— westwoodi, i. 134.
westwoodi, i, 132, 133.
Acontistes, i. 180.
ACRIDIIDA, i. 1.
AcCRIDIINA, li. 208.

A cridiine, ii. 2.

Acridium, ii. 91, 234, 317, 330,
albipes, ii. 241.

—— bivittatum, ii. 39.
—-- celestre, ii. 331.
coloratum, ii. 288,
coxale, ii. 273.
differentiale, 11. 325,
duz, ii. 240, 241,
ensicorum, ii, 36.
JSemur-rubrum, ii. 323.
JSlavolineatum, ii. 331.
Srontale, ii. 315.
latrevilez, ii. 240.

—— micropterum, ii, 230,
olfersit, ti. 241.
pantherium, ii. 329.
permistum, ii. 333.
punctatum, ii. 78.
sanguinipes, li, 285.
serratum, ii. 224,
sordidum, ii, 139.
speciosum, li. 239,
spretis, 11. 320.

stolhiz, ii. 252.
sulphureum, ii. 134.
sumichrasti, ii, 326.

|

surtnamum, ii, 263.
—— ftoltecum, ii. 331.
—— tuberculatum, ii. 153.

3 Ee

380

Acridium unistrigatum, ii. 247.
—— velasquezit, ii. 241.
violaceum, ii. 332.
xanthopterum, ii. 124, 239.
Acroblatta luteola, i. 100.
ACROCARA, il. 48.
Acrocara, ii. 27, 52.
maculipennis, ii. 49.
maculipennis, ii. 48.
pulchella, ii. 48.
Acrolophita hirtipes, ii. 47.
Acrolophiti, ii. 27.
ACROLOPHITUS, ii. 47.
Acrolophitus, ii. 27, 52.
hirtipes, ii. 47.
uniformis, ii. 47, 48.
variegatus, ii. 48,
variegatus, il. 47.
Acrydium, ii. 191, 299.
acuminatum, ii. 191.
—— eneo-oculatum, ii. 285.
carolinum, ii. 162.
Javo-lineatum, ii. 331.
hamatum, ii. 19.
lunum, ii. 299,

—— punctatum, ii. 80.
serrato-fasciatum, ii. 225,
vartegatum, ii. 263.
viridifasciatum, ii. 135.
ADECLUS, i. 408.
brevipennis, i. 408,
-—— spiculatus, i. 408.
feta, i. 815.

cultrifera, i. 315.
Agimie, i. 315.
/EGIMIITES, i. 315,
ANOLACRIS, li, 224,
Molacris, ii. 209.
caternaulti, ii. 224.
octomaculata, ii, 224,
AEOLOPLUS, ii. 316.
Holoplus, ii, 220,
arizonensis, ii. 317.
crassus, ii. 316.
crassus, ii, 319.
elegans, ii. 316.
oculatus, ii. 317.

-—— plagosus, ii. 316.
tenuipennis, ii. 316.
uniformis, ii, 316.
AGENEOTETTIX, ii. 108.
Ageneotettiz, ii. 33, 109, 110,
australis, ii. 110.
australis, ii. 109.
curtepennis, ii. 103,
deorum, ii. 110.
deorum, ii. 109,

INDEX.

Ageneotettix occidentalis, ii. 109.
scudderi, ii. 109.
seuddert, ii. 110.
AGESANDER, li. 337,
Agesander, ii. 222.
ruficornis, ii, 337.
ruficornis, 11. 250.
Agneotetti2’, 11. 33, 104.
Agnothecous, i. 256.
AGRGCIA, i. 395.

— festze, i. 395.
maculata, i, 395,
Vittata, i. 825,
AGRGCOTRTTIX, ii, 311,
Agrecotetiiz, ii. 219.
modestus, ii, 312,
AGROSITA, ii. 371.
Agrostia, ii. 368.

amoena, li. 371.
AGYMNASTUS, ii. 160,
Agymnastus, ii, 116,
ingens, ii. 161,
AIDEMONA, ii. 813,
Aidemona, ii. 220.

azteca, ii, 318.
Aleuas toltecus, ii. 331.
Allotettex, 11, 11, 12.
Alpha, ii. 29, 70.

cinerea, ii. 71,
crenulata, i. 71.
occypitalis, ii. 71,
AMAURA, i, 821.
latipennis, i. 322.
longicercata, i. 322.
olivacea, i. 322.

—— punctata, i. 322,
spinata, i, 322.
AMBLYCORYPHA, i. 335.
Amblycorypha, i. 338,
guatemale, i. 336.
guatemala, i. 335.
huasteca, i. 337.
— huasteca, i. 336.
— oblongifolia, i. 336.
oblongifolia, i. 335, 337.
—— parvipennis, i. 337,
parvipennis, i, 336,
rotundifolia, i, 337.
-— rotundifolia, i. 335, 336.
tepaneca, i. 337,
tepaneca, i. 335, 336.
—— uhleri, i. 337.

—— uhleri, i, 335, 336,
Amblycorypha, i. 335.
AMBLYCORYPHITES, i, 335.
AMBLYTROPIDIA, ii. 62.
Amblytropidia, ii. 28, 29, 88.

Amblytropidia auriventris, ii. 65.
—— auriventris, ii. 63, 64,
—— australis, ii. 64.
australis, ii, 62, 63.
—— costaricensis, ii. 66,

— costaricensis, ii. 63.
elongata, ii. 68.
—— elongata, ii. 63.
ferruginosa, ii. 63.
ferruginosa, ii. 62, 64, 66.
ingenita, ii. 67.
—— ingenita, ii. 68, 65.
magna, li. 63.
magna, li. 62.
—— mysteca, ii. 66.
—— mysteca, ii. 63, 65, 67, 68.
——- occidentalis, ii. 68.
occidentalis, ii. 63, 66.
subhyalina, ii. 68.
trinitatis, ii, 65.
trinitatis, ii. 63, 64.
vittata, ii. 64,
vittata, 11. 62.
Ameles, i, 128, 153, 154.
mexicana, i, 1538.
Amorphopus, ii, 8.
sp., i. 7.
Amorphosceline, i, 124.
Amphiacusta, i, 245.
azteca, i, 248,
mexicana, i, 248,
phalangium, i. 249,
AMPHIACUSTES, i, 245.

‘Amphiacustes, i. 251,
)p ’

annulipes, i. 246, 247.
——- araned, i, 246, 247, 248.
aztecus, i. 248,

aztecus, 1, 246, 247,
caraibeus, i. 248.
caraibeus, 1.246, 247, 249.
—— fuscicornis, i, 246, 247.
grandis, i, 246, 247.

—— phalangium, i. 249,

—— phalangium, i. 246, 247, 251.
toltecus, i. 247,

toltecus, i. 246, 248,
AMPHITORNUS, ii. 58.
Amphitornus, ii. 29, 55,

-—— bicolor, ii. 58.

ornatus, ii. 58,

AMUSUS, i. 245.

kirschianus, i, 245,
mexicanus, i. 245,
ANAPLEcTA, i. 18.

Anaplecta, i. 15, 75, 76, 83, 84,
alaris, i. 27,

alaris, i, 19, 21, 22, 26,

Anaplecta albomarginata, i. 26.

albomarginata, i. 20, 21, 22, 26.

azteca, 1. 24,

azteca, i. 19, 20, 21, 22, 25,

26, 27, 80, 81.

decipiens, 1. 27.

—— decipiens, i. 19, 21, 22, 25, 26,
28.

—— dohrniana, i, 28.

dohrniana, i. 19, 20, 21, 22.

domestica, i. 26.

domestica, i. 19, 20, 21, 22, 27.

—— elliptica, i. 27.

— elliptica, i. 19, 21, 22.

fallax, i. 25.

fallax, i. 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27,

30.

flabellata, i. 29.

flabellata, i. 19, 21, 22.

fulgida, i. 28.

fulgida, i. 19, 21, 22, 29.

—— grandipennis, 1. 25.

grandipennis, i. 20, 21, 22, 26.

jansoni, i. 29.

Jansoni, i. 20, 21, 22, 28.

lateralis, i. 30.

—— lateralis, i. 19, 25, 27.

—— major, i. 24.

—— major, i, 20, 21, 22.

mexicana, 1. 22.

—— mexicana, i. 18, 20, 21, 23,
24, 28,

moxa, i, 23.

moxa, i. 19, 20, 21, 22.

nahua, 1. 23.

nahua, i. 18, 20, 21, 22.

— otomia, i. 24.

otomia, i. 20, 21, 22.

—— parvipennis, i. 26.

parvipennis, 1.19, 20, 21, 22, 25.

peruviana, i. 23.

—— peruviana, i. 18, 20, 21, 22.

replicata, i. 25.

replicata, i. 20, 21, 22, 26.

tolteca, i. 28.

—— tolteca, i. 18, 20, 21, 22, 29,

unicolor, i. 84.

ANAPLECTINA#, i. 15.

Anaplectina, i. 14, 75.

ANAPTYCTA, i. 83.

Anaptycta, i. 75, 76.

bipunctulata, i. 83.

ANAREOLATA,, li. 844.

Anareolata, ii. 348.

Anaudus, i. 283.

ANAULACOMERA, i. 340,

angustifolia, i. 341.

INDEX.

Anaulacomera angustifolia, i. 340.
angustipennis, i. 344,

—— angustipennis, i, 341.

—— concisa, i. 345.

—— darwini, i. 342,

darwint, i. 341.

—— ——.,, subsp. darienica, 1. 342.

dentuta, 1. 3438.
dentata, i. 841.
denticauda, i. 345.
denticauda, 1. 341,
diluta, i, 345.
erinifolia, 1. 342,
erinifolia, i, B41.
furcata, i. 842.

—- furcata, i, 341.
inermis, i. 345.
inermis, i. 341.
laticauda, i. 343.
laticauda, i. 341, 344, 345,
lativertex, i. 344.
lativertex,i. 341.
nodulosa, i, 844,
opactfolia, i, 842.
recticauda, i. 343.
recticauda, i. 841, 345.
Anaulacomere, i. 340.
ANAULACOMERITES, i, 340.
Anaxipha, i. 233.
pultcaria, i, 233,
ANAXIPHUS, i. 238,

—— pulicarius, i. 223.
ANCHIPTOLIS, 1 421.
excelsior, i. 421.
gaumeri, i, 422,
gaumert, i. 421.
inconstans, i. 421, 422.
mexicana, i. 421.
-—— obtusa, i. 421.
peruviana, i. 423.
peruviana, i. 421,
pleminioides, i. 421.
subconspersa, i. 422,
subconspersa, i. 421.
tenuistylus, i. 422.
— tenuistylus, i. 421.
ANCISTROGASTER, 1. 9,
Ancistrogaster, 1. 11.
championi, i. 10.
impennis, 1. 10.

—— luctuosus, i. 9.
spinax, i. 9.

toltecus, i. 10.
variegatus, i. 9.
ANCONIA, il. 185.
Ancoma, ii. 118, 187.
ceruleipennis, 11. 186.

381

Anconia ceruleipennis, ii. 185,
grisea, ii, 186.

grisea, ii, 185.

—— integra, ii. 186.

integra, ii. 185.

A nepsia, i. 338.

conspersa, i. 339.
mexicana, i, 338.

ovata, i. 839.

— tessellata, 1. 339.

, subsp. obtusa, i, 339,
ANGELA, i. 155,

Angela, i. 128,

brachyptera, i. 156.
brachypiera, i. 155, 157.
—— championi, i. 158.

-—— champion, i. 156, 157.
fulgida, i. 157,

Fulgida, i. 156.

—— miranda, i. 158.

_ ——— miranda, i. 156.

perpulchra, i. 158,
perpulchra, i, 156.

—— quinquemaculata, i. 157.
—— quinguemaculata, i. 156, 158.
trifasciata, i. 158.

—— trifasciata, i. 156.
versicolor, i. 156,
ANISOLABIS, i. 5.

Anisolabis, i. 4.

annulipes, i. 5.

antoni, i. 5.

azteca, i. 5.

—— janeirensis, i. 5.
maritima, i. 5.
ANISOMORPHINA, ii. 367.
Anisomorphine, ii. 348,
ANISOPYGIA, i. 49.
Anisopygia, i. 31.
jocosicluna, i. 50.
Annia, i. 125.

ANNICERIS, li. 268,
Anniceris, ii. 214, 267, 269, 275, 283,
apicalis, ii, 271.

—— apicalis, ii. 269.
geniculatus, ii. 269,
—— meridionalis, ii. 27].
meridionalis, ii. 268, 269.
nicarague, ii. 274, 275.
—— nigrinervis, ti. 270.
—— nigrinervis, ii. 269, 271.
olivaceus, ii. 270.

—— olivaceus, ii. 269.
truncatus, ii. 271.
truncatus, ii. 269.
variegautus, ii. 268,

—— viridulus, ii, 269,

3 Ke 2

382

Anniceris viridulus, ii, 270, 271.

Anophelepis scythrus, ii. 358.

vittata, ii. 358.

A nostostomata, i. 292.

ANOSTOSTOMATITES, i, 292.

ANTEMNA, i, 182.

Antemna, i. 181.

rapax, i. 182.

ANUROGRYLLUS, i, 224.

Anurogryllus, i, 220, 229,

abortivus, i. 224,

antillarum, i, 224,

muticus, i. 224.

Apachys (?) plana, i. 6.

APHIDNIA, 1. 315.

—— alipes, 1. 317.

alipes, i. 316.

fuscifrons, i, 316.

simplicipes, 1. 316.

Aphidnia, i. 315.

APHIDNUTES, i. 315.

Aphlebia, i. 15.

Apronvs, i. 280.

Aphonus, i. 256, 282.

diversus, i. 282.

—— diversus, i. 281.

—— flavifrons, i. 281.

—— mutus, i. 281.

peruvianus, i. 281.

—— silens, i. 281.

telskit, 1, 281, 282.

timidus, i. 282.

timidus, i. 281.

APITHES, i. 265.

Apitthes, i, 256, 258, 260, 261, 277,
278.

acutus, 1. 266, 267.

—— avitator, i. 267.

—— agitator, i. 266, 268.

—~- annulicornis, i. 266, 267.

aztecus, i. 208.

aztecus, 1. 266, 267.

brevipennis, i. 268.

brevipennis, i. 266, 267.

costalis, i. 266.

trroratus, 1. 266.

montanus, i. 268.

montanus, i. 266, 267.

nablista, i. 268.

nablista, i. 266, 267.

rolphi, i. 266.

Apithis, i. 265.

agitatrix, i. 267.

azteca, i, 268.

—— quadrata, i. 267,

APOBALLA, i. 366.

—— errabunda, i. 366.

INDEX.

APOCERYCTA, i. 356.
incommoda, i. 356.
Aprion, i. 404.
aztecus, i. 404,
Apterygida, i. 11.
gravidula, i. 12.
ruficeps, i. 8.
APTOCERAS, ii. 286.
—— margaritatus, ii. 286.
Arachnocephalus, i, 231.
yersing, i, 232,
ARACHNOMIMUS, i. 251.
Arachnomimus, i. 249,
cavicola, 1. 251.
Arachnopsis, i. 251.
cavicola, i. 251.
Areopteryx, ii. 184.
penelope, ii. 185.
ARCHIMANDRITA, i. 116.
Archimandrita, i. 115.
deplanata, i. 116,
marmorata, i. 116.
Areolaria, i. 77, 83.
AREOLATA, li. 365,
Areolate, ii. 343.
ARETHA, i. 320.
Arethea, i. 317.
constricta, i. 321.
gracilipes, i. 320.
gractlipes, i. 321,
ARGYRTES, i. 303.
mexicana, 1. 303.
ARISTIA, li. 277.
Aristia, ii. 212, 215.
depressicornis, ii. 277,
megacephalu, ii, 842.
ARNILTIA, ii, 254.
Arnilia, ii. 212.
chlorizans, ii, 256.
—— ecoccineipes, li. 254, 255,
—— colombia, 11. 258.
—— colombia, ii. 255.
—— cylindrodes, ii, 254, 256, 257,
258.
fissicauda, 11. 258.
Jissicauda, ii. 255, 257.
gracilis, 11. 254.
intertor, li. 254.
— marginicollis, ii. 253.
—— marschalli, ii. 256.
marschalli, ii. 255, 257, 258.
mexicana, ii. 253.
minor, ii. 257.
—— minor, ii. 255, 258.
propinqua, ii. 257.
propingua, ii. 255, 258,
—— stéli, il, 254, °

Arnilia viridis, 11. 255.

viridis, ii, 254.

vitreipennis, ii. 256.

vitreipennis, ii, 254, 255, 257,
258.

ARPHIA, ii. 119,

Arphia, ii, 114, 129, 134.

aberrans, ii. 129.

aberrans, ii. 122, 130, 181.

—— arcta, 1. 180.

—— arcta, ii. 122, 131.

———~ aurantipennis, ii. 125.

—— aurantipennis, ii. 120,

—— behrensi, ii. 134.

behrenst, ii, 123, 132, 133,
170, 171.

—— calida, ii. 127,

calida, ii. 121.

canora, ii, 130.

canora, li. 122, 131.

carinata, ii, 124.

— carinata, ii. 120.

—— conspersa, ii. 128.

—— conspersa, ii. 121, 127,

— crassa, ii. 128.

— crassa, ii. 121, 127.

crepusculum, ii. 124,
crepusculum, ii. 120.
—— decepta, li. 132.
decepta, ii. 123, 138, 134.
—— difficilis, ii. 124,
difficilis, ii. 120, 132.
fallax, ii. 125.
—- fallax, ii. 120.
—— frigida, ii. 134.
—— frigida, ii. 123, 130, 135,
granulata, ii. 125.
granulata, ii. 120.
hesperiphila, ii. 168,
imperfecta, ii. 126.
imperfecta, ii. 121,
infernalis, ii. 133.
infernalis, ii, 128.
koebelei, ii. 133.
—— hoebelet, 11. 123.
— luteola, ii. 182.
—— luteola, ii. 122, 125, 132, 133,
134.
neglecta, ii. 157.
nietana, ii. 126,
nietana, ii, 121, 128, 139, 133,
ovaticeps, li. 127.
ovaticeps, ii. 121, 128,
pallidipennis, ii. 131,
—— pallidipennis, ii, 122.
pseudonietana, ii. 127,
pseudonietana, ii. 121, 128.

een

Arphia pulchripennis, ii. 131.
pulchripennis, ii. 122.

——— ramona, il. 133,

—— ramona, ii. 128, 134.
—— sanguinaria, ii. 127,
saussureana, i, 126,
saussureana, ii. 120.
simplex, ii. 132.
simplex, ii. 123, 133.
sordida, ii, 139.
sulphurea, ii. 134.
sulphurea, ii. 123, 135.
tenebrosa, li. 127.
teporata, ii. 131.
teporata, ii. 122, 130.
townsendi, 11. 129.
townsendt, ii. 122.
trifasciata, ii. 184.
truculenta, 11. 125.
truculenta, li. 120.
xanthoptera, ii. 124.
aanthoptera, ii. 120.
A spidophyma, ii. 341.
americana, ii. 199, 341.
A stape, i. 130.
Atyphoscirtus, li. 200, 284.
caltfornicus, ii. 201.
mexicans, li. 201,
AULOCARA, li. 110.
Aulocara, ii. 34, 103.
brevipenne, ii. 111.

Beseeeeeeuceeun

—— brevipenne, ii. 103, 112.
ceruleipes, ii. 111.

—— decens, ii. 111.

elliotti, ii. 111.

elhotti, i. 110.
femoratum, ii. 111.
scuddert, ii. 109.
AUTOLYCA, i. 867.

——- pallidicornis, ii. 367.

Bacillus palmeri, 11. 353.

Bacrerta, li. 362.
Bacteria, ii. 351, 355.
wtola, ii. 364.

—— etola, ii. 363.
bicornis, 11, 364.
bicornis, ii. 365.
-—— burkarti, ii. 364.
burkarti, ii. 353, 377.
cacica, ii, 353.
calcarata, li. 354.
— foliolata, ii. 363.
foltolata, ii. 362.
frey-gessneri, 11. 364.
Jrey-gessnert, ii, 363.

INDEX.

Bacteria frustrans, ii. 364,
frustrans, li, 863.
— horni, ii. 364.

—— horni, ii, 362, 363.
—— nodulosa, ii, 353.
— nodulosa, ii. 362.
nova, li. 363.

—-- nova, ii, 362.

— olmecus, ii. 352.
—— ploiaria, ii. 363.
—— plotaria, ii, 362, 377.
——— 4-spinosa, 1i. 363.
—— 4-spinosa, ii. 362.
—— sartoriana, ii. 364,
—— sartoriana, ii. 363.
-—— striata, ii. 351.
subvolans, ii. 3863.
subvolans, ii, 362.
—- tridens, ii, 352.
——— vosseleri, ii. 364.
vosselert, 11. 363.
zehntneri, ii. 364,
zehntnert, 11. 363.
BacTROPHORA, li. 250,
Baetrophora, ii. 212, 274.
dominang, ii. 250.
Bacuncu.tins, li, 344.
Bacunculine, ii, 348.
Bacuncuuvs, il. 349.
Bacunculus, ii. 344, 351,
(?) cacica, ii, 353.
cacica, 11. 850, 351.
—— carinulatus, ii, 352.
—— carinulatus, ii, 350.
contractus, li, 352.
—— contractus, ii, 350, 351.
elongatus, 11. 352.
elongatus, ii. 350.
foliatus, ii, 353.
foliatus, 11. 851,
—— forcipatus, ii. 352.
forctpatus, 1. 350,
godmatui, il. 3852,

—— godmani, ii. 350.
guatemala, il. 353,
guatemala, ii. 351.
ignavus, il. 352.
—— ignavus, 11. 350, 3851.
—— incongruens, ii. 352.
—— tneongruens, ii. 350.

inconspicuus, li. 351.
tnconspicuus, ii, 350.
mexicanus, 11, 351.
mericanus, li. 349,
olmecus, 11. 352.
olmecus, 11. 3-0.
—— (?) palmeri, il. 353,

|

Bacunculus palmert, ii. 351.
—— phalangiphora, ii. 353.
—— phalangiphora, ii. 350.
—v-— physconia, ii. 353.
—— physconia, ii, 350, 351.
pictus, ii. 351.

pictus, ii. 349.
preetermissus, 11. 351.
pretermissus, ii. 350.
striatus, ii. 351,

tridens, ii. 352.
—— tridens, ii. 350.
unidentatus, ii. 351.
—— unidentatus, ii. 350.
Banta, i. 180.

Bantia, i. 180, 162,
marmorata, 1. 180.
—— marmorata, i. 181.
pygmea, i. 180.
BaRYTETTIX, ii, 305.
Barytettix, ii. 218.
crassus, ii. 805.
peninsulz, ii. 309.
BasILeus, i. 385.
diadematus, 1. 385.
BaTRACHIDEA, il. 14,
Batrachidee, ti. 6.

Beta, ii. 71.

Buasera, i. 117.
Blabera, i. 56, 57, 118.
atropos, i. 118.
atropos, i. 117.
brasiliana, 1. 117.
—— brunneri, i. 122.
claraziana, i. 121.
cubensis, i. 118.
deplanata, i. 116.
discoidalis, i. 116.
—— ferruginea, i. 117.
JSraterna, 1. 118.
fumigata, i. 121.
Juscea, i. 117.
gigantea, i. 117.
immacula, i. 129,
—— immacula, i. 113.
—— ligata, i. 121.

marmorata, 1. 116.

mexicana, i. 118.
—— minor, i. 117, 118.
—— postica, i. 118, 120,
—— regina, 1. 57, 58.
rutescens, i. 119.
rufescens, i. 118,
rufipennis, i. 58.
—— scutata, i. 119.
scutata, i. 118.

striatus, li. 349, 350, 377.

384

Blabera stollii, i. 117,119.

—— thoracica, i. 120.
thoracia, i. 118, 119.
thunbergii, 1. 120.
trapezoidea, i. 118.
trapezotdea, 1. 117.
Blaberide, i. 114.
Blabériens, i. 114.
BuLaBERINA, i. 114,
Blaberina, i. 15.
Blabérites, i. 114.
Buaprica, i. 121.
Blaptica, i. 116.
claraziana, i. 121.
—— obscura, i. 121.
Buatta, i. 41.

Blatta, i. 18, 31, 88, 49, 122.
acolhua, i. 45.
acolhua, i. 42.
—— adspersicoilis, i. 41, 49.
—— alaris, i. 43.

—— alaris, i. 41.
angustata, i. 47,
atropos, i. 118.
azteca, i. 43.
azteca, i. 41, 44.
bivittata, i. 42.
——— brunneriana, i. 43.
brunneriana, i, 41.
—— buprestoides, i. 77.
capitata, 1. 41.
—— chichimeca, i. 46.
chichimeca, i. 42, 43.
cinerea, i. 101.
colossea, i. 116.
conspersa, i. 101.
cubensts, i. 44.
—— delicatula, i. 43.
delicatula, i. 41.
—— diaphana, i. 48.
—— dilatata, i. 44.
dilatata, i. 42, 45.
discicollis, i. 32.
fraterna, i. 44.
Sraterna, i. 41.
—— fumigata, i. 121.
_—— germanica, i. 42.
—— germanica, i. 41.
gracilis, i. 82.
indica, 1. 90.
intercepta, i. 32.
levigata, i. 101.
uneata, 1. 34.

—— luteola, i. 100.
—— marmorata, i. 116.
—— maya, i. 45.

sulzeri, i. 118, 119, 120.

INDEX.

Blatta maya, i. 42.
mexicana, i. 46.
—— mexicana, i. 42.
—— minutissima, i. 25.
—— mysteca, i. 81.
—— nahua, i. 42.

-—— nahua, i, 41, 44, 46.
—— nivea, i. 94, 96.
—— oblongata, i. 32.
—— orizabe, i. 45.
—— orizabe, i. 42.
otomia, i. 39.
pacifica, i. 108.
pellucida, i. 81.
phalerata, i. 59.
poeyt, i. 84.
porcellana, i, 85.
—— 4-punctata, i. 97.
rhombtfolia, i. 73.
—— supellectilium, i. 44.
—— supellectilium, i. 41.
—— surinamensis, i. 90.
tarasca, i. 52.
—— thunbergit, i. 120.
—— totonaca, i. 44.
totonaca, i. 41.
translucida, i. 82.
venosa, i. 47.
virescens, i. 94.
viridis, i. 96.
vitrea, i. 45.
vitrea, i, 42, 44.
zapoteca, 1. 45.
zapoteca, 1. 42, 46.
BiattTip&, i. 13.
BuatTins#, 1. 80.
Blattine, i. 14.
Blattites, i. 30.
BuiastEs, i. 427.
Bliastes, i. 429.
atrifrons, i. 429.
atrifrons, i. 428.
—— camerani, i. 428.
camerant, i. 435.
fasciatus, i. 430.
Fasciatus, i. 428.
limbatus, i. 428.
lineatifrons, i. 429.
hineatifrons, i. 428.
lineolatus, i, 428.
—— moristoides, i. 430.
moristoides, i. 428.
punctifrons, i. 430.
punctifrons, 1. 428.
—— scabrifrons, i, 429.
—— teniatifrons, i. 429.
— teniatifrons, i. 428,

Beeeee

Boépepoy, ii. 94.
Boopedon, ii. 82, 99.
auriventris, ii. 97.
auriventris, 11. 95.
diabolicum, ii. 98.
diabolicum, ii. 95.
flaviventris, 11. 98.
Jlaviventris, ii. 95.
—— flavofasciatum, ii. 95.
flavofasciatum. ii. 96.
—— fuscum, ii. 96.
Suscum, ii, 95.

— nigrum, ii. 96.
nubilum, ii. 96.

—— nubilum, ii. 95.

—— saltator, ii 97.

——— savannarum, li. 97.
—— savannarum, ii. 95.
Boorertix, ii. 52.
Bootettix, ii. 28.
argentatus, ii. 52.
BostTRa, ii. 359.

Bostra, ii. 355.
amplectens, ii. 360.
—— amplectens, ii. 359, 377.
—— championi, ii. 360.

championt, ii. 859.
dorsuaria, ii. 360.
dorsuaria, ii. 859, 377.
godmani, 11. 361.
godmani, ii. 360.
incompta, ii. 362.
incompta, ii. 859.
jaliscensis, ii. 362.
jaliscensis, li. 359.
jugalis, ii, 862.

— jugalis, ii. 360.

lobata, ii. 360.

lobata, i1. 359.
longe-operculata, ii. 361.
longe-operculata, ii. 859,
magistralis, ii. 360.
magistralis, li. 359.
margaritata, ii. 361.
margaritata, ii. 360.
martini, ii. 362,
martini, ii, 360.
mirata, ii. 361.
mirata, ii. 359,
obtuse-cornuta, ii. 360.
obtuse-cornuta, ii. 859.
podagrica, ii. 360.
podagrica, ii. 359.
procoppi, ii. 361.

—— procoppt, ii, 360.

—— remiformis, ii. 36].
remiformis, ti. 360.

PITTI IIT EI

Bostra saussurei, ii. 361.

saussuyet, li, 360.
similis, ii, 361.
similis, ii. 360.

-~— tridenticulata, ii. 361.
tridenticulata, ii. 380.
BRACHYAUCHENUS, i. 413.
castaneus, i. 413.
fest, i. 413.
Brachycola, i. 103.
Brachypeplus, ii, 192.
magnus, li. 198.
virescens, li, 195.
BRACHYSTOLA, ii. 192.

Brachystola, ii. 119, 193, 305.

behrensi, ii. 196.
behrensi, ii. 193.

eiseni, li. 196.

eisent, ii. 193.

——— intermedia, ii. 194.
— intermedia, ii. 193, 198.
—— magna, ii. 193.

mexicana, ii. 195.
mexicana, ii, 198, 196.
ponderosa, il. 194,
ponderosa, ii. 193, 195.
—— virescens, ii. 195.
virescens, ii. 193, 194.
Brachytrypus, 1. 220,
Brisixis, i, 411.

~ curvidens, i. 411.

Briza nigricornis, ii. 371, 377.

Brizoipgs, ii. 371.
Brizvides, 11. 368.
graminea, ii. 372.
graminea, ii, 371.

—— lacteipennis, ii. 372.
lacteipennis, ii. 371.
nigricornis, ii, 371.
nigricornis, ii, 377.
Bryodema, ii. 183.
Bucephalacris, ii. 274, 283.
bucephala, ii. 282.
BucraTEs, i. 394.
capitatus, i. 394.
Bulla serrata, ii, 224.
ByrgoTRIA, i. 120.
Byrsotria, i. 115.

—— fumigata, i. 121.
Sumigata, i. 120.
—— thunbergi, i. 120.
thunbergi, i. 121.

, var. minor, 1. 120.

CacoBLaTTA, i. 122.
Cacoblatta, i. 116.

magna, li. 194, 195, 196.

INDEX.

Cacoblatta scabra, i, 122.
CALACRIS, li. 333.
Calacris, ii. 222,
pudica, ii. 338.
CaLAMACRIS, ii, 200,
Calamueris, ii. 199, 284.
californica, ii. 201.
— californica, ii, 209.
—— clendoni, ii. 201.
——- clendoni, ii. 200.
—— mexicana, ii. 201.
mexicana, ii. 200, 202.
oculata, li. 202.
—— oculata, ii. 200.
—— palmeri, ii. 202.
palmer, ii, 200,
CALETES, li. 284,
Caletes, ii. 215.

apterus, ii, 284,
Caletodes, ii, 286.
Calhypnorna, i, 87.

Callptamus sanguinipes, ii. 285.

CALOBLATTA, i. 33,
Caloblatta, i. 31.

bicolor, i. 33.
tricolor, i. 34.
CALOLAMPRA, i. 67.
Culvlampra, i. 58, 59.
bispinosa, i. 67,
brevitarsis, i. 67,
—— gracilis, i. 67.
heussertana, i. 67.
Caloptenus, li. 317.
atlanis, ii. 820.

—— bivittatus, li. 327,
cinereus, i. 324,
devastator, ii. 321,
differentials, ii, 325.
femur-rubrum, ii. 323.
—— floridanus, ii. 328,
—-- glaucipes, ii. 820.
mexicanus, li. 303.
—— picticornis, ii, 329.
ponderosus, ii, 326.
—— robustus, ii. 326,
—— sanyuinocephalus, ii. 328.
—— spretus, 11. 320,

— viridis, ii. 314.

—— volucris, ii. 328.
yarrowit, li, 327.
CaLOTETTIX, ii. 309.
Calotettizx, ii, 219, 308, 312.
bicolvripes, ii. 309.
bicoloripes, ii. 311.
brevispinis, ii. 311.
brevispinis, ii. 309.
—— flavopictus, ii. 310.

355

Calotettiz flavopictus, ii. 309, 311.
obscurus, ii. 311.
obscurus, ii, 309.
CALOXIPHUS, i. 445.
—— championi, i. 445,
CALYNDA, ii. 349.
Calynda, ii. 344,
bicuspis, ii. 349.
quadrilobulata, ii, 349.
CAMNULA, ii. 143.
Camnula, ii. 115.
—— pellucida, ii. 144.
pellucida, ii. 140.
obtona, ii, 144.
tricarinata, ii. 144.
Camptoxiphe,.i. 310.
CAMPYLACANTHA, ii. 315,
Campylacantha, ii, 220.
—— acutipennis, ii. 314.
olivacea, ii. 314.
similis, ii. 314.
Capucina, i. 102.
Capucina, i. 89, 103.
cucullata, i. 103.
CARCINOPHORA, i. 4.
robusta, i. 4.
Cardiodactylus, i. 256.
Cardioptera, i, 150, 141, 183,

184.
—— cupido, i. 152.
ovaltfolia, i. 150.
Carsidava, i. 261.
Caulonia rabdotula, ii. 344, 377.
CauLopsis, i. 388.
cuspidata, i. 388.
CECENTROMENDS, i. 438,
Cecentromenus, i. 429.
marmoratus, i. 4.39,
CELIDOPHYLLA, i. 451.
—— albimacula, i. 45].
CEPHALOTRFTTIX, ii. 306.
Cephalotettia, ii. 218, 219.

—— parvulus, ii. 306.
Crrala, i, 322.
Ceraia, i. 321.
peracer, i, 322.
punctulata, i. 323.
CERATINOPTERA, i. 47,
Ceratinoptera, i. 31, 49, 51, 52, 53,

83.

diaphana, i. 48.
lutea, 1. 48.
olmeca, i. 48.
poey?, i. 84.
porcellana, i. 86,
Cerberodon, i. 403.
CERoys, ii. 366.

386

Ceroys, li. 365.

bigibbus, ii. 366.
capreolus, ii. 366.
laciniatus, ii. 356.
—— mexicanus, ii. 346,
perfoliatus, 11. 3866,
Ceuthophilt, i. 298.
CEUTHOPHILITES, i. 298.
CEUTHOPHILUS, i. 228.
Ceuthophilus, i. 301, 308.
agassizi, 1. 299.
aztecus, i. 300.
aztecus, 1. 299.
gracilipes, 1. 299.
—— gracilipes, i, 298.
-—— lapidicola, 1. 299.
—— nodulosus, i. 299.
stygius, 1. 299.
stygius, i. 300.
Ceutophilus aztecus, i. 300.
californianus, i. 302.
Cheteessa, i. 125.
CHAMPIONICA, i. 405,
montana, i. 405.
Chelidura, i. 4, 11.
robusta, i. 4.
CHIMAROCEPHALA, ii, 137.
Chimarocephala, ii. 115, 135.
—— behrensi, ii. 187.
—— brevipennis, ii, 136.
—— cubensis, ii. 137.
—— otomita, ii. 138.
—— otomita, ii. 137.
—— pacifica, ii. 187.
CHIRIQUIA, il. 6.
Chiriquia, ii, 5.

~ —-— serrata, li. 7.
CHLOFALTIS, ii. 89.
Chloéaltis, ii, 31, 80.
abdominalis, ii. 89.
abdominalis, ii. 90.
——- abortiva, 11,.89.
—— conspersa, li. 89.
—— curtipennis, ii. 91.
—— melanopleurus, ii. 89,
— punctulata, ii. 86.
—— subhyalina, ii. 68.
viridis, ii. 86.
puncetulata, ii. 86.
CHLOROPHASMA, il. 372.
Chlorophasma, ii. 868.
hyalinum, ii. 872.
—— hyalinum, ti. 377.
CHLOROPHYLLA, i. 455.
—— amplifolia, i. 456.
—— amplifolia, i. 455.
—— arcuata, i. 456,

INDEX.

Chlorophylla arcuata, i. 455.
fagifolia, i. 456.
Sayifolia, i. 455. '

—— latifolia, i. 455, 456.
——- rufipes, i. 455.
CHLOROSCIRTDS, i. 326.
Chioroscirtus, i. 321.

forceps, i. 3827.

Sorceps, i. 329.
CHERADODIS, 1. 125.
Cheradodis, i. 128.
cancellata, i. 125, 126.
laticollis, i. 125, 126.
—— peruviana, i. 126.

—— rhombicollis, i. 126.
—— rhombicollis, 1. 125, 127.
—— rhomboidea, i, 125, 126.

servillei, i. 126,
servillet, i, 125, 127.
stollai, i. 125, 126.
strumarva, 1. 125, 126.
CHORISONEURBA, 1. 78.

Chorisoneura, 1. 75, 76, 77, 83.

anomala, i. 80.
anomala, i. 78, 79.
dimidiaticornis, i. 80.

—— dimidiaticornis, i. 78, 79.

discotdalis, i. 82.
flavipennis, i. 81.
flavipennis, i, 78, 79, 80.
flavo-antennata, i, 82.
gracilis, 1. 82.

gracilis, i. 78, 79, 80.
—— inquinata, i. 82.
inquinata, i. 78, 79, 80.
—— minuta, 1. 82.

-—— minuta, i. 78, 79, 80.
—— muiltivenosa, i. 82,
—— mysteca, i. 81.

——- mysteca, i, 78, 79, 80, 82.

nigrifrons, i. 82.

—— pellucida, i. 81.
pellucida, 1. 78, 79, 80.
sordida, i, 82.
surinama, i. 80.
surinama, i. 78, 79,
—— teeniata, i. 82.

—— teniuta, i. 78, 79, 80.
texensis, i. 80.

—— texensis, i.78, 79.
——— translucida, i. 82.
translucida, i. 78, 79, 80.
Chorisoneuride, i. 75.
Chorisoneuriens, 1. 75.
Chorisoneurites, i. 75.
Chorthippus, ii. 91.
CHORTOPHAGA, ii. 135,

Chortophaga, ii. 115, 142.
brevipennis, ii. 136.
-—-— brevipennis, ii. 135.
cubensis, ii. 137,
—-— cubensis, ii. 135.
—— meridionalis, ii, 136.
—— meridionalis, ii, 136.
—— viridifasciata, ii. 135.
—— viridifasciata, ii. 130.
enfuscata, li. 136.
CHROMACRIS, ii. 238,
Chromacris, ii. 210.
colorata, ii. 238.
miles, ii, 239,

miles, ii. 238.
psittacus, ii. 239,
psittacus, ii. 238.
trogon, ii. 239.

—— tregon, ii. 238,
Chrysochraon, ii. 85, 89.
abdominalts, ii. 89.
deorum, ii. 110.

-—— punctulatum, ii. 86.
viridis, ii, 86.
CHRYSOPSACRIS, ii. 282.
Chrysopsacris, ii, 215, 274.
atrocephala, ii. 28.3.
——- atrocephala, ii. 282.
bucephala, ii. 282.
—— bucephala, ii. 288.
—— costaricensis, ii. 283.
costaricensis, ii. 282.
CIBOTOPTERYX, ii, 229,
Cibotopterya, ii. 210.
variegata, ii, 229.
CIRCOTETTIX, ii. 183.
Circotettiz, ii. 118.
carlinianus, ii. 183.
undulatus, ii. 183.

Cladomorphus perfoliatus, ii. 366.

CLADONOTA, ii. 6,
Cladonote, ii. 5.
CLEMATODES, ii. 284.
Clematodes, ii. 215.

larreze, ii. 284.
CLINOCEPHALUS, ii. 85.
Chinocephalus, ii. 31.
elegans, ii. 85.
CLONISTRIA, ii, 358.
Clonistria, ii. 355.
guadeloupensis, ii. 359.
—— guadeloupensis, ii, 353.
guatemalensis, ii. 359.
guatemalensis, li, 358.
Cocconott, i. 427.
CocconoTITES, i. 427,
CocconorTvs, i, 431.

Cocconotus, i. 485, 436, 437.
zethiops, i. 435.
—— ethiops, i. 432.
—— amorii, i. 482.
aratifrons, i. 435.
aratifrons, i. 432.
—— areolatus, i. 482.
—— castus, i. 436,
—— castus, i, 482,
——- constrictus, i. 433.
—— constrictus, i. 431.
—— degeeri, i. 485,
degeert, i. 482.
fraternus, i. 433.
Sraternus, i. 431.
-—— globosus, i. 434.
globosus, i. 431, 435.
ignobilis, i. 436,
wgnobilis, i. 432,

—— inca, i. 436.

inca, 1. 482.
maculifrons, i. 436.
maculifrons, i, 432.
meroncidioides, i. 432.
meroncidioides, i. 431, 4383, 435,
—— modestus, i. 435.
modestus, 1. 482.

——— nigrescens, i, 432.
—— nigrescens, i. 431.
-—— pollonere, i. 434,
pollonere, i. 431, 423, 435,
retiarius, 1.433.
retiarius, i, 431,
sagittatus, i. 433.
sagittatus, i. 481, 440.
—— viridiafflatus, i. 436.
viridiaffiatus, i. 432.
Ca@LoPpTERNA, ii. 191.
Celopterna, ii. 118.
acuminata, ii. 191.
—— ——, var. brevipennis, ii. 191.
stalti, ii, 191.
Coloradella, ii. 110.
CoLPOLOPHA, ii. 227.
Colpolopha, ii. 210.

bruneri, 11. 228.
latipennis, ii. 228.
latipennis, ii. 227.
—— obsoleta, ii. 228.
obsoleta, 11, 227.
sinuata, li, 228.
sinuata, ii. 227.
Compsolampra, i. 59.
ConaLcma, ii. 304.
Conalcea, ii. 218.
miguelitana, ii. 304.
—— miguelitana, ii. 305.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. I., February 1909.

INDEX.

Conalceea neomexicana, ii. 305.
truncatipennis, ii. 305.
Conocephalide, i. 873.
CoNnocEPHALINA, i. 873,
Conocephalint, i. 376.
CoNOCEPHALITES, i. 876,
CoNOCEPHALUS, i. 888.
aztecus, i. 391.

—— aztecus, i. 889, 392.
—— crepitans, i. 393.

—— crepitans, i. 880.
cuspidatus, i. 388.
—— dentifrons, i. 390.
—— dissiinilis, 1, 398.
——- disstmilis, i. 889.
frater, i. 392.

Srater, i. 389.
Suscomaryinatus, i. 391.
fuscostriatus, i. 392.
Suscostriatus, i. 389.
—— gladiator, i. 394,

—— gladiator, i. 389.
guttatus, 1. 380.

—— guttatus, i. 388, 392.
hebes, 1, 392.

—— humatus, i. 387.

-—— infuscatus, i. 391.
—— irroratus, i. 390.

—— trroratus, 1. 889,
laticeps, i. 394.
laticeps, i. 389.

—— macropterus, i. 892.
—— macropterus, 1. 889.
—— macuilosus, 1. 391.
—- mazillosus, i, 392.
mexicanus, i. 390.
—— mexicanus, i. 389, 392, °
—— muticus, i. 390.

—— muticus, 1. 389.
necessarius, i. 393.
—— necessarius, 1. 389,.
—— niletoi, i. 393.

—— nietot, i. 389.

—— obscurellus, i. 392.
—— obscurelius, i. 389.
—— pichinche, i. 390.
pichinche, i. 388, 392.
—— prasinus, 1. 394.

prasinus, i. 389.
salle, i. 386.
surinamensis, i. 394.
surtnamensis, i. 389.
testaceus, i. 393.
—— testaceus, i. 389.
tristani, i. 391.
tristant, i. 389,

—— tuberculutus, i. 390.

387

Conocephalus uncinatus;-i. -387..
Conozoa, ii. 178.

Conozoa, ii. 117.

acuminata, ii. 178..
albolineatu, ii. 179,
—— behrensi, ii. 178.

—— corrugata, ii. 178.
melleola, ii. 178.
picturata, ti. 178.
rebellis, ii. 178.
rogenhoferi, ii. 178.
suleifrons, li. 178.
texana, ii. 179,

Cophus, i. 251.

CoPIoceRA, ii. 268.
Copvocera, ii. 218, 264.

ery throgastra, ii. 263.
specularis, li, 264.
specularis, ii, 263,
CoprproPHoRA, i. 876,
Coprophora, i. 374.

azteca, 1. 379.

—— azteca, i. 376, 377.
brevicornis, i. 876, 377.
brevirostris, i. 380.
brevirostris, i. 877.
—— capitoe,i.879
capito, 1. 877, 378, 380.
carinata, i, 379,
cephalotes, i. 380.
cephalotes, i. 377.
cochleata, i. 378.
cochleata, i. 376, 377.
conspersa, 1. 879.
cornuta, i. 878.
cornuta, i, 876, 377.
coronata, 1. 377.
cultricornis, i. 377.
cultricornis, i. 374, 376, 378.
hicornis, i. 379.

— longicauda, i. 378.
—— longicauda, i. 376, 377, 379.
meaicana, i, 383.

—— monoceros, i. 378.
—— monoceros, i. 376, 377.
—— rhinoceros, i. 378.
—— rhinoceros, i. 876, 377.
CorDILLacais, ii. 70.

—— cinerea, 11. 71.

cinerea, li. 70.
crenulata, ii. 71.

—— crenuluta, 11. 70.
uccipitalis, ii. 71.

—— occipitalis, ii. 70.
Cornops, ii. 262.

Cornops, ii. 2138, 261.
bivittatum, ii. 262,

3 FF

388

Cornops insulare, ii. 962.
mexicanum, li, 253.
scudderi, ii. 262.
Corydia, i. 104.

cyanea, i. 109.
pacifica, i. 108.
Corydida, i. 103:
Corypina@, i. 103.
Corydine, i. 15.
CoscInEura, li. 273.
Coscineuta, ii. 214, 274, 333.
coxalis, ii. 273.
coxalis, ii. 274.
olivacea, ii. 274.
oltvacea, ii. 273.
virens, ii. 273.
virens, li, 274.

Cota saxosa, ii. 7.
Cranistus, i. 238.
Cratypedes putnami, ii. 157.
Craurusa, 1. 125.
CREOXYLUS, li. 375,
Creoxylus, li. 369.
spinosus, ii. 375.
spinosus, 11. 377.
Crimisus sp., ii. 6.
Cryptocercus, i. 123.
CTENOPHLEBIA, 1. 346,
azteca, i. 346.

—— azteca, i. 347.
foreli, i. 348.
foreli, 1. 546.
multiramosa, 1. 346.

zetterstedti, i. 347.
zetterstedti, i. 346, 348,
Ctenophlebie, i. 346.
TENOPHLEBITES, 1. 346.
Curtilla, i. 199.
CycLocEercts, i1. 307.
Cyclocercus, ii. 219.

-—— accola, ii, 307.
accola, ii. 308.

—— bistrigatus, ii. 307.
gracilis, ii. 807.
valzus, ii. 308.
CYCLOPTERA, i. 457.
carinifolia, i. 457.
Cycloptilum, i. 231.

- squamosum, 1. 231.
CycLoptiuus, i. 231.
Cycloptilus, i, 458.
americanus, i. 231,
squamosus, i. 231.
Cylindrogaster jansont, i. 2.
CYLINDROTETTIX, 11. 252,
Cylindrotettix, ii. 212.

peruviana, i, 346, 347, 348.

INDEX.

Cylindrotettix herbaceus, ii. 252..
—— insularis, ii. 252.

Cyrtacanthacris differentialis, ii, 325.

Cyrtophylli, i. 442.
CyRTOPHYLLITES, i. 442,
Cyrtoripha, i. 233.
angusticollis, 1. 238.
azteca, i, 235.

tolteca, i, 237.
CYRTOXIPHDS, i, 233.
angusticollis, i. 238.
angusticollis, i. 234, 237.
aztecus, 1, 235.

aztecus, i. 234, 236.

) Var. cayennensis, 1. 235,
championi, i. 236.
championi, i, 234.

— chichimecus, i. 288.
chichimecus, i. 234.
imitator, i. 236.
macilentus, i. 235.
macilentus, 1. 234, 236.

, var. gracilis, i. 235,
, var. gracilis, 1. 236.
mexicanus, i. 236.
olmecus, i. 236.

olmecus, i. 234.

pictus, i. 237.

—— pictus, i. 234.

— smithi, i, 236,

smithi, i. 234.

—— tibialis, 1. 233.

tibialis, 1. 234.

toltecus, 1. 237.

—— toltecus, i, 234, 238.

PETIT TTT

DactTYLotTvm, ii. 335,
Dactylotum, ii. 222, 333, 334, 336.
—— bicolor, ii. 336.
bicolor, ii. 335.
flavopictum, ii. 336.
flavopictum, ii. 335.
histricum, 1i. 337,
histricum, ii. 335.
longipennis, ii. 329.
pictum, li. 337.
pictum, il, 335, 336.
picturatum, ii. 336.

picturatum, ii. 336.
—— variezatum, ii, 336,
variegatum, li. 335.
Dathinia brevipes, i. 300.
mexicana, i. 296.
DAMASIPPUS, ii. 376.
Damasipjus, ii. 368.
—— fuscipes, ii. 376.

Damasippus striatus, ii. 376.
striatus, ii, 377.
westwoodi, ii. 376.
Dasyposoma, i. 123.
DasyscELvs, i. 409.
atrifrons, i. 409.
DasyscirtTvs, ii. 3038.
Dasyscirtus, ii. 217.

———- olivaceus, ii. 303.
Decticus, i. 295.

DELLIA, ii. 272.

Dellia, ii. 214, 273.
bimaculata, ii. 272.
—— insulana, ii. 272.
—— mexicana, ii. 266.
—— miniatula, ii. 273.
—— miniatula, ii. 272.
ovatipennis, ii. 272.
DERMAPTERA, i. 1.

Der opeltis, i. 57, 69, 70.
Deroplatys, 1. 123.
DrroTMEMa, li, 171.
Derotmema, ii. 116, 172.
brunnertanum, ii. 173.
cupidineum, ii. 172.
—— delicatulum, ii. 172.
haydeni, ii. 173.
haydent, ii. 172.
laticinctum, ii. 172.
saussureanum, ii. 173.
saussureanum, li. 172.
Diaphana, i. 110.
Senestrina, i. 110.
-——~ fieberi, i. 110.
DIaAPHEROMERA, ii. 353.
Diapheromera, ii. 344.
—— beckeri, ii. 355.
becker, ii. 354.

--— (P) bidens, ii, 355.
bidens, ii. 854.

—— calcarata, ii, 354.

denticrus, ii. 354.
denticrus, ii. 853,
—— furcata, ii. 354,
Sureata, ii. 353, 377.
—— nitens, ii. 354.

—— (?) strigiceps, 11. 355.
strigiceps, li. 354.
—— velii, il. 354.
Diatrypa, i. 259.

tolteca, i. 259.
DiaTRYPUS, i. 259.
Diatrypus, i. 256, 260.
——- apithoides, i. 260.
apithoides, 1. 259, 266.
—— championi, i. 260.

calcarata, ii. 858, 356, 377.

Diatrypus championi, i. 259.
jansoni, i. 259.
toltecus, i. 259.
DicHaRcuts, ii. 250.
Dicearchus, ii. 212.
cribellatus, 11. 250.
Dicuorrrata, i. 315.
Dichopetala, i. 314.
emarginata, i. 315,

—— mexicana, i. 315.
DICHROMORPHA, ii. 85.
Dichromorpha, ii. 31, 86.
australis, ii. 88.
australis, ii. 85, 86.
longipennis, ii. 87.
—— longipennis, ii. 80.
—— mexicana, ii. 87.
—— mexicana, ii. 86.

—— viridis, ii. 86.
viridis, li. 85, 87, 88.
DicHrop.uvs, i. 800.
Dichroplus, ii. 217, 288, 301.
fuscus, ii. 801.

—— fuscus, 11. 300.

—— mexicanus, ii. 300.
—— mexicanus, ii. 301.
—— morosus, ii. 301.
—— morosus, ii. 300.
—— notatus, ii. 301.
—— notatus, ii. 300.
—— punctulatus, ii. 301.
punctulatus, ii. 300.
DicryoPHorvs, ii. 230.
Dictyophorus, ii. 210, 231.
marci, ii. 230.
micropterus, li. 230.
DriopHanss, 1. 446.

—— abbreviatus, i. 447.
abbreviatus, i. 446.
atrostignatus, 1, 446.

—— nigro-spinusus, i, 446.
perspicillatus, 1. 446.
perspicilatus, 1. 447.
—— rex, 1. 447.

—— rex, i. 446.

—— rosaceus, i. 446.
-——— rosescens, 1. 447.
rosescens, 1, 446.
Diotarus, ii. 6.
Dipuatys, 1. 1.

Diplatys, i. 2.

jansoni, i. 2.
macrocephala, i. 2.
severa, i. 2,
Diploptera, i. 75, 76.
Diploptériens, i. 75.
Diponthus, ii. 333.

INDEX.

Diponthus permistus, ii. 333.

DiscERratus, i. 438.

—— karschi, i. 488.

Dissosreira, ii. 161.

Dissostewra, ii. 116, 162, 168, 164,
166.

—— equalis, ii. 165.

bollit, 11, 165.

—- carolina, ii. 162.

—— carolina, ii. 161.

— collaris, ii. 166.

— cristata, ii. 166.

—— longipennis, ii. 162.

longipennis, ii. 161, 163.

—— marmorata, ii, 167.

pictipennis, ii. 163,

—— pictipennis, ii. 161, 162.

—— planipennis, ii. 164.

planipennis, ii. 161, 162, 167.

spurcata, ii. 163.

spureata, 11. 161, 162.

tevensis, 11. 166.

venust1, ii. 163.

venusta, ii. 161, 162.

Dociostaurus, ii. 105.

ornatus, ii. 106.

Donvsa, ii. 369.

Donusa, ii. 88.

prolixa, ii. 869.

Donuse, ii. 368.

Dory aa, i. 73.

Dorylea, i. 69.

rhonbifolia, i. 73.

DRACONATA, ii. 229,

Draconata, ii. 210.

mancus, ii. 229.

Draconotus monstrosus, li. 226.

plutonius, ii. 227.

‘DRACOTETTIX, ii. 226.

Dracotettiz, ii, 210.

californicus, ii. 226.

—— californicus, ii. 227.

—— monstrosus, ii. 226.

PTT |

monstrosus, ii, 227.
plutonius, ii. 227,
plutontus, ii. 226.
DREPANOXIPHUS, i. 427.
— minutus, i, 427.
Dyng, ii. 347,

Dyme, ii. 344.
chiriquensis, ii. 348.
chiriquensis, ii. 347.
depressa, 11. 348.
depressa, ii. 347.
—— discors, ii. 348.
—— discors, ii. 347.
grossetuberculata, ii, 348.

389

Dyme grozsetuberculata, ii. 347;
incolumis, ii. 348.
incolumis, ii. 847.
irrezulariter-spinosa, ii, 349.
wregulariter-spinosa, ii. 347.
levis, ii. 848.

modesta, ii. 348.

modestu, li. 847. |

reclusa, li. 349.

reclusa, i. 347.
Dyscologamia, i. 104.
Dysmorpha, i. 449.

Dassen

EcHINOPSALIS, i. 2.
guttata, i. 3.
Echinosoma, i. 3.
EcTaTODERUts, i. 230.
Ectatoderus, i. 458.
aztecus, 1. 280.
Ectecovus, i. 244.
cantans, i. 244.
hedyphonus, i. 244,
EctTEMNA, i. 323,
Ectemna, i, 321.
carinata, i. 324,
earinuta, 1. 328.
crenata, i. 324.
crenata, i. 323.
dumicola, i. 323,
—— dumicola, i. 324.
—— mexicana, i. 324,
mexicana, i, 323.
truncata, i, 324.
Ecrosta, i. 15.

Ectolna, i. 75, 88.
lapponica, i. 15.
livida, i. 16,
Ectobide, i. 15.
Ectobites, i. 15.
Ectotrypa, i. 280.
olmeca, 1. 280.
EcrorryPvs, i. 280.
olmecus, i. 280.
ELZ0CHLORA, ii, 230.
Lleochlora, ii. 210, 224, 229.
granulosa, ii. 230.
Juvenalis, ii. 229.
—— longispina, ii. 230.
octolunata, li. 224.
Ellipsidion, i. 46.
Empusa chlorophea, i. 191.
Empusine, i. 124.
ENcoPTOLOPHts, ii, 138,
Encoptolophus, ii. 116.
californicus, ii. 142.
californicus, ii. 139,

3 FF 2

Encoptolophus coloradensis, ii. 140.
coloradensis, ii. 138.
costalis, ii. 140.
— costalis, ii. 138.
——— fuliginosus, ii. 141.
—~— fuliginosus, ii, 139,
—— herbaceus, ii. 141.
—— herbaceus, ii. 189.
montanus, ii. 140.
montanus, li. 189, 141.
——— pallidus, ii. 143.
pallidus, ii. 139.
parvus, ii. 140,
parvus, ii. 138, 142, 143.
sordidus, ii. 139,
sordidus, ii. 138, 140, 141.
—— subegracilis, ii. 143. ~
subgracilis, ii. 1389,
texensis, ii. 142.
—— tevrensis, ii, 139.
Endacusta, i. 249.
ENDACUSTES, i. 249,
Endacustes, i. 251.
australis, i, 250.
—— aztecus, 1. 250.: .
trroratus, i. 249, 250. -
Endecous, i. 249. °
Eneuptera, i. 256,
brasiliensis, i. 257,
gryllodes, i, 275.
Eneopteriens, i. 256.
ENEOPTERINA, 1. 255..
Eneopterina, i. 199, 458.
SNEOPTERITES, i. 256. -
_ Eneopterites, i. 255.
ENEOPTERUS, i. 256.
surinamensis, i. 257.
surinamensis, 1.258.
Eneremius, ti. 192.
Epacromia, ii. 99.
Epaphrodita, i. 181, 182.
Ephippigera, ii. 197,
tctvavensis, li. 198.
Ephippithyta gracilipes, 1, 320.
EpritaMpra, i. 61.
Epilampra, i. 58, 62, 67.
azteca, i, 65.
azteca, i. 62, 66, 67.
blattoides, i. 41. .
burmeisteri, i. 66.
— burmeisteri, i. 62.
—— caraibea, i. 65.
caravbea, 1. 62, 66, 67.”
cinerea, i. 101.
—— conspersa, i. 64.
conspersa, i, 61, 62, 65.
—— crassa, i. 62.

INDEX.

Epilampra crassa, i. 61.
fallax, i. 64.

fallax, i. 61, 62, 63.
imitatrix, i. 63.

—— imitatrix, i. 61, 62, 64.
Jjaspidea, i, 64.
latifrons, i. 66.
latifrons, i, 62, 65,
— liturata, i. 59.

—— mexicana, i. 63,

——— mexicana, i, 61, 62, 64.
—— nebulosa, i, G4.

—— quadrata, i. 59.
Epilampride, i. 58.

Epilampriens, i. 58.
EPILAMPRIN, i. 58,
Epilamprine, i. 14.
Epilamprites, i. 58.
Episactvs, ii, 22.
LEpisactus, ii. 20, 21, 24,
—v— brunneri, ii. 22.
Episcoporerttix, ii. 264.
Episcopotettix, ii. 213.
sulcirostris, ii, 264.
Eppa, i. 394.

-—— truncatipennis, i. 395.
Eremnus, ii. 108.
deorum, ii. 110.
scudderi, ii. 109,
Eremobia, ii. 197.
magna, ii. 198,
Eremobuini, it. 118.
Eremophilide, i. 128.
ER10Lvs, i. 382.
acutipennis, i. 384.
—— acutipennis, i. 383.
brevipennis, i. 385.
brevipenmis, 1. 383.
caraibeus, 1. 884.
consobrinus, i. 384.
consobrinus, i. 333.
falcatus, i. 384.
falcatus, i. 383.
frater, i. 384.
longipennis, i. 385.
longipennis, i. 383.
—— mexicanus, i. 383.
spiniger, i. 882, 383,
EriretTrix, ii. 52,
Eritettiz, ii. 28, 54, 55.
abortivus, ii. 55.
brachypterus, ii. 53.
—— navicula, ii. 54.
navicula, ii. 53.
—— variabilis, ii. 54.
variabilis, ii. 53, 55.
vernalis, ii. 53, .

Eritettix virgatus, ii, 53.
Evacris, i. 440,
Euacris, i. 441.
pictipennis, i. 441,
EUc tes, ii. 369, .
Eucles, ii. 368.
bifasciatus, ii. 369.
—— imperialis, ii. 369.
imperialrs, li. 377,
EvcopPiocgRA, ii. 264,
Zucopiocera, ii, 213.
rubripes, ii. 265.
EUMASTACIN, li. 19.
Eumastax, ii. 22,
ELumastax, ii, 20, 21.
collaris, ii. 23.
—— militaris, ii, 23.
—— militaris, ii. 22.
—— poultoni, ii. 23.
poultoni, ii, 22.
rosenbergi, ii. 23.
rosenbergi, 11, 22,
semiceca, ii. 23,
semiceca, ii. 22.
surda, ii. 23,
surda, ii, 22.
—— tenuis, ii. 22,
tenuis, ii. 23.
Euparnops, ii. 263.
EUPEDEFTES, il. 54,
carinatus, li. 55,
EupHasmMa, ii. 378.
Euphasma, ii, 368,
bicorne, ii, 373.
becorne, ii. 377.
Evenicopss, ii. 102.
Eupnigodes, ii. 33, 103. -
megacephala, ii. 103.
Euprepocnemis nebrascensis, ii. 328.
Eurycanthe, ii, 355,
Evrycotis, i. 70.
Eurycotis, i. 69.
finschiana, i. 72.
—— finschiana, i. 70.
flavipennis, i. 71.
Jlavipennis, i. 70.:
mexicana, i. 70.
mexicana, i, 71, 72.
my steca, i. 71.
mysteca, i. 70.
occidentalis, i. 72.
occidentalis, i. 70.
opaca, i. 72.

opaca, i. 70,
quadri-squamata, i. 71.
quadri-syuamata, i. 70.
—— subalata, i, 72.

PETTITT

Eurycotis subalata, i. 70.
vittifrons, i. 71.
-—— vittifrons, 1.70.
Euscretvs, i. 280.
Euscirtus, i. 256.
mexicanus, i. 280.
Euscyrtus, i. 280.
EvTHYRRHAPHA, i. 108.
ELuthyrrhapha, i. 104.
biguttata, i. 108,
pacifica, i. 108.
Evacentrus, i. 874.
EXxocEPHALA, i. 381.
—— bisulea, i. 381.
bisulea, 1. 382.
nigricauda, i. 381.
punctata, i. 382.
——-— punctata, i. 381.
—— spinifrons, i. 382.
—— spinifrons, i. 381.
viridis, i. 381.

Forcinella antoni, i. 5.

azteca, i. 5.

Janeirensis, i. 8.
Forficesila annulipes, i. 5,
lonyissima, 1. 7.
—— thoracica, 1. 4.
ForFIcuta, 1. 10.
Forfiewla, i. 11, 12.
albtpennis, i. 11.
—— americana, i. 4.
—— annulipes, 1. 5.
—— appendiculata, i. 9.
— arachidis, i. 11, 12.

gagathina, i. 4.
gracilis, i. 6.
—— gravidula, 1. 12.
—— lugubris, i. 11.
maritima, i. .
parallela, i. 7.
—— plana, i. 6.
ruficeps, i. 8.
—— (?) smithi, i. Ll.
smyrnensis, i. 11.
—— teniata,i.11, 12. .
tolteca, i. 10.
wallacet, i. 12.
ForFIcuLID,, i. 1.
Frontinus, i. 373.
Furnia, i. 340.

GAMMAROTETTIX, 1. 300.
californicus, i. 300.

californica, i. 11, 12.

INDEX,

Geloius, ii. 284.

Georgia obsoleta, i, 116.
GLAPHYROSOMA, 1. 296.
Glaphyrosoma, i. 294, 295.
aztecum, i. 296,
gracile, 1. 297.
gracile, i, 296.

—— mexicanum, i. 296.
mexicanum, i. 297,
GoDMANELLA, 1. 325,
Godmanella, i. 321.
vaginalis, i, 325.
GOMPHOCERUS, ii. 92.
Gomphocerus, ii. 32, 52, 72, 90, 91,

antennaria, ii. 93.
charpenterii, ii. 98.
clavatus, ii. 93.
clavatus, ii. 92.
clepsydra, ii. 93.
clepsydra, ii. 92.
euterpe, ii. 93,
meridionalis, ii. 93.
navicula, ii. 54,
—— payanus, ii. 73,
pelidnus, ii. 79.
virgatus, ii, 53.
GONATISTA, i. 159,
Gonatista, i. 128, 129, 148, 158.
cubensis, i. 159.
grisea, i. 159.
ornata, 1; 159,
GoNGROCNEMIS, i. 414.
Gongroenemis, i. 420.
—— accola, i. 418.
accola, i. 415, 420.
—— atrosignata, i. 415. -
—— azteca, i. 419,
azteca, i. 415.
bivittata, i. 417.
bivittata, i. 414, 419,
brevicauda, i. 420.
brevicauda, i. 415.
—— danielis, i. 42,
—— daniels, i. 415.
—— deminuta, i. 416..
deminuta, 1. 414, 417.
dentipes, i. 415.
denttpes, i. 414,
fissa, i. 417.

Jissa, i. 414, 420, 422.
incerta, i. 418.
incerta, i. 414.
mexicana, i. 417.
—— munda, i. 419.

—— munda, i. 415, 420.
—— mutica, i. 419.

Mitt i lls

Gongrocnemis mutica, i. 415,
nigrospinosa, i. 418.
—— nigrospinosa, i. 414, 420:
pallidespinosa, i. 416.

—— pallidespinosa, i. 414, 417, 418,

420.

parva, i. 415.
tibialis, i, 415,
tibialis, i. 414, 416,
——— truncatostyla, i. 415, 417,
—— untcolor, i. 415,
zendala, i. 418.
zendala, i. 414,
GonIATRON, ii. 112,
Gontatron, ii. 113.

—— planum, ii. 113.
Gonypeta, i. 154.
GRYLLACRINA, i. 304.
GRYLLACRIS, 1. 305,
Gryllacris, i. 306.
abluta, i. 807.
abluta, i, 305, 308.
alternans, i. 306.
—— alternans, i. 305.
atricuda, i, 307.
carolinensis, 1. 309.
cruenta, 1. 306.
cyclops, i. 308.
cyclops, 1. 305. —
— levigata, i. 306.
longipennis, i. 306.
longipennis, i. 305.
—— maculata, i. 308.
maculata, i. 305.
picta, 1. 307.
picta, i. 805, 308.
—— salvini, i. 306.
salvint, i. 805.
GRYLLID&, i. 198.
GRYLLIN&, i. 216.
Grylline, i. 199, 458. “
GRYLLODES, i. 228.
Gryllodes, i. 221, 229.
brevipennis, 1. 227.
forcipatus, i. 229.
forcipatus, i. 228,
micromegas, 1. 227.
muticus, i, 224.
poeyi, i. 228.

——- pusillus, i, 227.
—— toltecus, i. 229,
toltecus, i. 228.
GRYLLOTALPA, i. 199.
Gryllotalpa, i. 202.
azteca, i. 199, 200.
—— didactyla, i. 200.
—— hexadactyla, i. 199.

392

Gryllotalpa heradaetyla, i. 200.

intermedia, i. 200.

—— longipennis, i. 199, 200.

mexicana, 1. 200.

parvipennis, i. 201,

rariegata, i. 201.

Gryllotalpiens, 1. 199.

GRYLLOTALPINAE, 1. 199.

Gryllotalpine, i. 198.

GRyL.us, i. 225.

Gryllus, i. 220, 227, 228, 304; 11. 91,
94, 161, 164, 183, 299, 317.

abbreviatus, i. 225.

—— equalis, ii. 165.

assimilis, i. 226.

assimilis, 1, 225.

, var. pallidus, i. 226,

aztecus, 1. 226.

bipunetatus, i, 255.

bivittatus, ii. 327.

brevicornis, ii. 35,

brevipennis, 1. 227.

—— bueephalus, ii. 282, 283.

carinatus, ii. 241.

—— carolinus, i. 143; ii. 162.

—— centurio, ii. 236.

chichimecus, 1. 226.

chichimeeus, 1. 225.
—— crenulatus, ii. 251.
—— eristatus, 11. 240, 241,
—~— cubensis, 1. 226.
eyanipes, ii. 99.
——- duz’, ii. 240.
—— euceros, ii. 263.
Sasevatus, 1, 221.
—— formosus, ii. 161.
forticeps, 1. 226.
Jrenatus, ii. 26.
—— fuscus, ii. 301.
grandis, ii. 241.
gryllodes, i, 275.
guttatus, ii. 231.
—— hirtipes, ii. 47,
insularis, 1. 225.
irroratus, i. 148.
—— laurtfolius, i. 361.
linea-alba, ii. 278.
—— luetuosus, i. 226.
luetuosus, i. 225.
lunus, ii, 299.
—— mexicanus, i. 227,
—— mevicanus, i. 225,
—— mieromegas, i. 227,
—— miles, ii. 239.
—— muiopteryx, i. 226,
~—— monoceros, i. 378.
—— muticus, i, 224,

INDEX.

Gryllus neglectus, i. 225.
niveus, 1. 253.

—— nubilus, ii. 96.

—- oblongifolius, 1. 336.
—— obtusus, i. 390.
pennsylvanicus, i. 225,
persycillatus, ii. 290.
-—— poeyt, 1. 228.
pulicarius, i. 238.
punctulatus, 11. 301.
—— pusillus, i. 227.
serratus, ii, 224,
servillet, i. 257.

—— speciosus, 11, 239.
subulatus, i. 379.
—— sulphureus, ii. 134.
surtnamensis, 1. 257.

—— surinamus, ii, 263.
trifasciatus, 11. 184.
—— unicolor, i. 275.
vertiealis, i, 226.
verillatus, ii. 299.
violaceus, 11. 332.
virens, ii. 273.
vitreipennis, 11. 256.
—— sxanthochlorus, ii. 261,
Gymnes, ii. 28, 52.

—— punetatus, ii. 52.
Gymnocera, 1. 333.
GYMNOTETTIX, il. 21.
Gymnotettiz, ii. 20.
occidentalis, 11. 21.

HavDRoTetTix, it. 183.
Hadrotettiz, ii. 118.
nebulosus, ii. 184.
nebulosus, ii. 188.
trifasciatus, ii. 184.
trifasciatus, ii. 183.
H 2mopr1asma, i. 408.
tessellata, 1. 408.
Haciomanris, 1. 158.
Hagiomantis, i. 129.
ornata, i. 159.
HaGiotatTa, i. 197.
Hagiotata, i. 184.
hofmanni, i. 197.
Haldemanella, ii. 119, 197.
robusta, ii. 199.
tchivavensis, i1. 198.
tschivavensis, 11. 198, 199.
verruculata, ii. 198.
Haldemannia, ii. 197.
robusta, ii. 199.
Haldmanella, ii. 197.
tschivavensis, ii. 198.

Hapithus, i. 265.
agitator, i. 267.
quadratus, i. 267.
TlaPLopvs, ii. 365.
Haplopus, ii. 356.
obtusus, ii. 365.
perarmatus, 11. 365.
Harpagida, i. 181.
Harpagiens, i. 181.
HaRpaGin™, i. 181.
Harpagine, i. 124.
Harpaconyx, i. 175.
Harpagonyx, 1..180, 162.
dohrnianus, i. 176.
eryps, 1. 176.

—— gryps, 1.1738.

maya, 1. 176.
Harpax, i, 181.
HELIASTUS, ii. 188.
Heltastus, ii. 118, 185.
aridus, ii. 190.
aridus, ii. 189.
aztecus, i. 190.
aztecus, ii. 188.
benjamini, ii. 190.
benjamini, 11. 188.
—— californicus, ii. 190.
californicus, ii. 189.
—— costaricensis, ii. 189,
—— costaricensis, 11. 188, 190.
—— guatemale, ii. 189.
guatemale, ii. 188, 190.
minimus, ii. 190.
minimus, ii. 189.
sumichrasti, ii. 189.
sumichrasti, 11, 188, 190.
venezuela, ii. 189.
venezuele, ii, 188, 190.
HEMIBLABERA, i. 121.
Hemiblabera, i. 116.

—— brunneri, i. 122.
capucina, i, 122.
granulata, i. 122.
manca, i. 122.
Hemicophus, i. 244.
parane, i, 244,
Heminyctobora, i, 55.
HEMIPTEROTA, 1. 83.
Hemipterota, i. 77.
punctipes, i. 83.
Hemithyrsocera, i. 31.
HEMIUDEOPSYLLA, i. 300.
Hemiudeopsylia, i. 301.
californiana, i. 302.
californiana, i. 301.
forreriana, i. 802.
Sorreriana, i, 301.

ITT |

Hem/‘udeopsylla genicularis, i. 801.
geniculuris, i, 302.
—— platyceps, i. 302.
platyceps, i. 301.
Ilenra, ti. 261.

Henia, ii. 2138.

frenata, ii. 261.
THigrMistria, ii. 334,
pulchripes, ii. 334.
Herus validus, ii. 45.
HESPEROTETTIX, ii. 314.
Hesperotettia, ii, 220, 316.
festivus, ii. 315,
meridionalis, ii. 315.
pacificus, ii. 315.
picticornis, ii. 329.
——~ pratensis, 11. 315.
speciosus, 11. 315,
viridis, ii. 314,
IerereEcovs, i. 283.
Heterecous, i. 256, 201.
auditor, i. 283.

—— smithianus, i. 284.
smithianus, i. 283.
Heterogamia, i. 104.
Heteroganidea, i, 103.
Heteronemia ignava, ii, 352.
mecvicana, ii. 851,
Heteropus, i. 202, 204.
Heterovates, i. 184,
Hicerta, i. 152.

Hicetia, i. 128, 150.

-—— goeldiana, i. 153.
ATverodula, i. 123, 183.
Hipprscvs, ii. 144.

114, 115, 145,

Ifippiscus, ii. 175,
180.
—— affrictus, ii. 156.
—— affrictus, ii. 150,
—— albulus, ii. 156.
——— albulus, ii. 151.
—— australis, ii. 157.
—— australis, 11. 151.
—— californicus, ii, 154.
—— californicus, 11, 147.
—— carolinus, ii. 162.
—— conspicuus, ii. 154.
conspicuus, 11. 149,
—— corallipes, ii. 154.

—— corallipes, ii. 142,

, Var. rugosus, li, 152,
—— cupidus, ii. 156.

—— cupidus, ii, 150.

—— discoideus, 11. 152.
eremitus, ii, 155,
eremitus, ii. 149.

—— haldemaai, ii, 152,

|
}

INDEX.

Hippiscus haldemani, ii. 146, 1538.
leprosus, ii. 155.

leprosus, ii. 150,

hineatus, ti. 157,

maculatus, ii. 155.
maculatus, ii, 149.
montanus, ii. 158.
montanus, ii. 151.

nanus, ii. 152.

neglectus, li. 156.

ocelote, ii. 153.

ocelote, ii. 146.
pantherinus, ii. 152,
—— pantherinus, ii. 145, 146.
—— paradoxus, ii. 156.
paradoxus, ii, 150,

—— pardalinus, ii. 155.
pardalinus, ii. 149.

—— pheenicopterus, ii. 152.
pheenicopterus, ii. 145, 153.
pumilus, ii. 156.
pumilus, ii. 150.
rugosus, li. 152.
rugosus, ii. 146, 153.
saussurei, ii. 153.
saussuret, li, 147,

—— texanus, ii. 152.
éevanus, ii. 146.

——~ tigrinus, ii. 155,

PEEL L TE

tigrinus, ii. 150.
—— toltecus, ii. 156.
toltecus, ii. 150.
—— tuberculatus, ii. 153.
tuberculatus, ii, 147, 152.
zapotecus, ii. 154.
zapotecus, ii. 148,
HippoPepon, ii. 143.
Hippopedon, ii. 115.
saltator, ii. 143,
Hisycuivs, ii. 247.
Hisychius, ii. 211.
festee, ii. 247.
Hotcea, ii. 372.

Holca, ii. 368.

proxima, ii. 372.
Ho.tocompsa, i. 108.
Holocompsa, i. 105, 110.
azteca, i. 109.
azteca, i. 108.
—— binotata, i. 110.
binotata, i. 109.
collaris, i. 109.
collaris, i, 108.
—— cyanea, i. 109.
—— cyanea, i. 108.
—— tolteca, i. 109.

neglectus, li. 151, 157, 158, 161.

393

Holocompsa zapoteca, i. 109.
zapoteca, 1. 108.
Fololampra, i. 84.
Homalopteryx, i. 58.
laminata, i. 69,
Homa@oeamia, i. 105.
Homeeogamia, i. 103, 104,
apacha, i. 107.
apacha, i. 106.
azteca, i. 106.
bolliana, i. 107.
bolltana, i. 106, 108.
—— mexicana, i. 106.
mexicana, i. 107.
Homeogryllus, i. 242.
Hoplocorypha, i. 161.
Hoplophora, i. 125.
HOoRkSIDOTES, ii. 90.
Horesidotes, ii. 32.
cinereus, ii. 90.
Horm, i. 317.
abbreviata, i. 320.
abbreviata, i. 318.
bolivari, i. 320.
bolivart, i. 318.
eracillima, i. 318.

gracillima, i. 319.
intermedia, i. 319.
intermedia, 1. 313.
—— latipennis, i. 320.
latipennis, i. 318.
peruviana, 1. 320.
—— phthisica, i. 318.
prasina, i. 319.
prasina, 1. 318.
—— tolteca, i. 319.
tolteca, i. 818.
Hormilia, i, 317.
HorMILIUTES, 1. 317.
Humbertiella, i. 159,
Hyaloptery«, ii. 72.
paganus, li. 73.
HyPERBANUS, i. 308.
festa, i. 308.
Hyprercompsa, i. 110.
Hypercompsa, i. 105.
fenestrina, i. 110..
fieberi, i. 110.
HYPERPHRONA, 1. 348.
—— bidentata, 1. 350.
-—— bidentata, i. 349.
cerulescens, i, 350.
—— irregularis, i. 551.
—— trregularis, i. 349.
—— nitidipennis, i. 349.
—— prudhommi, i. 349.
—— striolata, i. 350,

394

Hyperphrona trimaculata, 1. 350.
trimaculata, i. 349, 351.
viridifolia, i. 350.

viridtfolia, 1. 349.
Tlypnorna, i. 86.

Hypnorna, i. 77, 87.
(Calhypnorna) ameena, i. 88.
ameena, i. 87, 88.

blanda, 1. 87.

—— hummeli, i. 87.

—— (Calhypnorna) pulchella, i. 87.

pulchella, i. 87, 88.
Hypochlora, ii. 3138.
acutipennis, ii, 314.
speciosa, ii. 315.
Hypocirtus strumosus, ii. 377.
substrumosus, li. 377.
Hypocyrtvs, ii. 357.
Hypocyrtus, ii. 355.

—— postpositus, 11. 358.
—— scythrus, ii. 358.
seythrus,.ii. 357, 377.
strumosus, ii. 858.

—— substrumosus, ii. 358.
substrumosus, ii, 357, 377.
—— vittatus, ii. 358.

—— rittatus, ii, 357.

IcutTHyDION, ii. 202.
Ichthydion, ii. 199.

mexicanum, ii. 202.
IpIARTHRON, i. 423.
Idiarthron, i, 436.

atrispinum, 1. 426.
atrispinum, i. 424, 425.
furcatum, i. 425.

—— furcatum, i, 423, 424, 426.
—— incurvum, i. 425.
incuryum, 1, 423, 424, 426.
——— subnotatum, i. 426.
subnotatum, i. 425,
subquadratum, 1. 426.

—— subquadratum, i, 423, 424, 425.

Tnusta, ii. 259.

Tnusia, 11, 212.

bicolor, ii. 260. .
bicolor, ii. 259.
——- chipmani, 11. 260.
chipmani, ii. 259.
—— gracilhkma, ii. 259.
inornatipes, ii. 260.
tmornatipes, ii. 259.

Janetrensis, 11. 259,
—— nana, ii. 260.
nana, ii. 259.
—— pallida, ii. 259. .

INDEX.

IsaGoras, ii. 373.
Isagoras, ii. 369.
dentipes, 1. 373.
—— plagiatus, ii. 874.
— plagiatus, ii. 373.
IscHNOMFLA, i. 438.
gracilis, i. 438.
IscHNOPTERA, i. 34.

Ischnoptera, i. 30, 31, 36, 41.

annulicornis, i. 40.
annulicornis, i, 35, 36.
azteca, i. 39.
azteca, 1. 35, 36.
—— blattoides, i. 41.
——- blattoides, i. 36.
bocaget, i. 36.
bolliana, i. 40.
bolliana, i. 36.
— brasiliensis, i. 36.
brevipennis, 1, 54.
buprestoides, i. 77.
capitata, 1. 41.
—— castanea, i, 38.
castanea, i, 35, 36.
conformis, i. 37.
conformis, 1, 35, 36.
consobrina, i. 37.

—— couloniana, i. 40.
coulontana, i. 35, 36.
divisa, i. 40.

divisa, i. 36.
ectobiordes, 1. 36,
—— fulvescens, i. 36.

—— ignobilis, i. 37.

—— tgnobilis, 1. 35, 36,
—— inequalis, 1. 36.

—— inequalis, i. 35, 40.
—— inea, i. 38.

inca, i. 17, 35, 36, 39.
--— lineata, i. 34.

—— mexicana, i. 37.

mexicana, i, 35, 36.
- nahua, i. 38.

—— nahua, 1. 35, 36...
nana, i. 39.
—— nana, i. 35, 36, 38,
—- occidentalhs, i. 37.
—— parvula, i. 39,
parvula, i. 35, 36, 38.
pennsylvanica, i. 40.
rufa, i. 37.
tolteca, i. 39.
tolteca, i. 35, 36.
uhleriana, i. 36.
—— uhleriana, i. 35,
—— vitticollis, i. 36,

consobrina, i. 35, 36, 38.

IscuyRa, i. 364,
—— frutetorum, i. 365.
vepretorum, i. 365.

JIVARUS, ii. 201.

Jirarus, ii. 212.

Jodacris, ii. 280, 283.

(?) ceruleipennis, ii. 282.
—— (?) costaricensis, li. 283.
—— ferruginea, ii. 281.

—— (?) nebulosa, ii. 281.

Kakerlac, i. 73.

Labia, 1. 6.
arcuata, i. 6.
bilineata, i. 6.
—- chalybea, i. 6.
—— championi, i. 7,
—— minor, 1. 7.
rotundata, i. 7.
Labidura americana, i. 4.
annulipes, i. 5.
gagatina, 1. 4.
maritima, i. 5.
Lacrisra, ii. 167.
Lactista, ii. 116, 168, 171.
boscanus, ii. 169.
gibbosus, ii. 168.
oslari, ii. 168.
pellepidus, ii. 169.
—— pellemdus, ii. 168.
—— pulchripennis, ii. 169.
—— pulchripennis, ii. 168.
—— punctatus, 11. 168,
LamPpontivs, ii. 358,
Lamponius, ii. 355.
guerini, ii, 358.
guerini, ii. 877.
La Sauterelle a feuilles de Buis et
ales pourprées, i. 446.
Latinpia, i. 110.
Latindia, i. 105.
azteca, i, 111, 113.
cucullata, i. 111.
cucullata, i. 110, 112.
delicatula, i. 112.
delicatula, i. 111, 113.
dohrniana, i. 111.
dohrniana, i. 110.
inca, i. 11].
mexicana, i, 113.
mexicana, i. 110, 111, 112.
—— pusilla, i. 112,
pusilla, i, 111.
—— tolteca, i, 1138.

Latindia tolteca, i. 111.
Lebussa, i. 266.

LEGA, ii. 251.

Legua, ii. 264.

crenulata, ii, 251.
crenulata, ii. 252.
LEIOSCAPHEUS, ii. 267.
Leioscapheus, ii. 214.
annulicornis, ii. 268.
annulicornis, ii. 267.
gracilicornis, ii. 267.
gracilicornis, ii. 268.
—— variegatus, ii. 268.
variegatus, ii, 267,
Leprvs, ui. 158.

Leprus, ii. 115, 160.
corpulentus, ii. 159.
corpulentus, ii. 158.
—— cyaneus, li. 160.
cyaneus, ii. 159.
elephas, ii. 159.
elephas, ii. 158.
-—— glaucipennis, ii. 160.
glaucipennis, ii. 159.
ingens, ii. 161.
interior, ii. 160.
intertor, li. 158.
—— intermedius, ii. 159.
intermedius, ii. 158.
— wheeleri, ii. 159.
wheeler i, ii. 158, 160.
LEPTOMERINTHOPHORA, ii. 287.
Leptomerinthophora, ii. 216, 289.
brevipennis, ii. 287.
brevipennis, ii, 288.
flavovittata, ii, 288.
Jlavovittata, li. 287.
— modesta, ii, 288.
——— modesta, ii. 287.
smaragdipes, ii. 287.
LEpToreETTrx, i. 439.
Leptotettix, i. 438.
gigliotosi, i. 439,
—— gighotosi, i. 433.
nigronotatus, i. 439.
LEpTysMA, ji. 252.
Leptysma, ii. 26, 212, 253.
—— filiformis, ii. 2538.
gracilis, li. 253.
— marginicollis, ii. 253.
mexicana, ii. 253.
—— minima, ii. 253.
Levconotus, ii. 57.
-~— biolleyi, ii. 57.
LEUCOPHzA, i. 89.
Leucophea, i. 88.
surinamensis, i. 90,

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. IL., February 1909.

INDEX.

LIBETHRA, li. 344.
auritus, i, 346.
brevipes, ii. 345.
brevipes, ii. 344.
confusa, ii. 345.
—— confusa, li. 344.
elegantior, ii. 345.
elegantior, ii. 344.
—— rabdotula, ii. 344.
rabdotula, ii. 377.
recularis, ii. 845.
regularis, ii. 844.
LicHENOCHRDS, i. 409.
Lichenochrus, i. 420.
brevistylus, i. 410.
—— brevistylus, i. 409.
—— hilaris, i, 411.
—— modestus, i. 410.
—— modestus, i. 409.
—— muticus, i. 411.
—— muticus, i. 409.
—— nigrifrons, i. 410.
—— nigrifrons, i. 409.
—— vaginalis, i. 409.
vaginalis, i, 410.
—— variabilis, i, 409.
—— rartabilis, i. 410, 420.
LigtrRorETTrx, ii. 112.
Ligurotettizx, ii. 84, 113.
coquilletti, ii, 112.
kunzei, ii. 112.
LINOCERATIUM, li. 84.
Linoceratium, ii. 81.
boucardi, ii, 84.
Liostipha, i. 80, 41.
Ltostethus, i. 385.
LIPAROSCELIS, i. 427.
modesta, i. 427.
—— nigrispinis, i. 427.
pallidispina, i. 427.
LIPHOPLUS, i. 281.
Liphoplus, i. 458.
krugii, i, 282.
—— mexicanus, i. 231.
mexicanus, i, 232.
LIROMETOPUM, i. 380.
Lirometopum, i. 385.
coronatum, i. 380,
LissOPHYLLUM, i. 413.
angustixiphum, i, 413.
Listroscelini, i. 403.
LisTROSsCELIS, i. 403.
—— arachnoides, i. 403.
LISTROSCELITES, 1. 403.
LiTaNEvuTsRIA, i. 154.
Litaneutria, i, 128.
—— ocularis, i. 154.

Lathoscirtus, ii, 273,
Liroscirtvs, ii. 231.
Litoscirtus, ii. 210.
insularis, ii, 231.
Lirur@ousa, i. 159.
Lnturgousa, i. 129.
cayennensis, i. 159.
, var. maya, i. 160.
LoBOPHYLLUS, i. 364.
legumen, i. 3864.
LOBOPTERA, i. 54.
Loboptera, 1. 31.
annulicornis, i. 54.
decipiens, i. 54.
Locusta, ii. 89, 166.
—— egqualis, ii. 165,
agtlis, 1. 397,
apiulata, i. 153.
besulca, i. 881.
capitata, i. 394,
carolina, ii. 162.
caroliniana, ii. 162.
centurio, ii. 236.
cerineipennis, ii, 167.
citrifolia, i. 372.
corallina, ii. 158.
cornuta, i, 878.
crenulata, ii. 251.
cristata, ii. 241,
—— curtipennis, ii. 91,
curvicauda, i, 331.
—— dux, ii. 240.
eucerata, ii. 178.
—— fascwuta, i, 398.
infuscata, ii. 136.
laurvfolia, 1, 361.
linea-alba, li. 278.
marmorata, ii. 167.
miles, ii. 239,
nebulosa, ii. 139.
—— oblongifolia, i. 336.
periscelidus, ii. 139.
perspiciilata, i. 446 ; ii, 290.
radiata, li. 136,
salorfolia, i. 446. ;
sellata, i. 816.
sulphurea, ii. 134.
teres, i. 401.

triops, i. 893.

—— tuberculata, i, 390; ii. 158,
verillata, ii. 299.

— viridifasciata, ii, 135.
LocusTID#, i. 285.
Lophacris, ii. 241.
velasquezit, i. 241,
LopuasPIs, i, 448.
scabriuscula, i, 448,

3 GE

396

MAcHZEROCERA, ii. 49.
Macherocera, ii. 27, 52.
magna, il. 51.
magna, ii. 50.

—— obscura, 11. 50.
obscura, ii. 49.
pacifica, ji. 51.
pactfica, ii. 49.

—— mexicana, ii. 50.
mexicana, ii. 49, 51.
— sumichrasti, ii. 51.
sumichrasti, ii. 50.
Macrocuiron, i. 438,
heros, i. 438.
MacromAnTIs, i. 150.
Macromantis, i. 128, 151, 152.
hyalina, i. 151.
—— hyalina, i. 150.
ovalifolia, 1. 150.
ovalifolia, i. 151.
—-, var. nicarague, i. 150.
Macrophyllodromia, i. 46.
Mantipa, i. 128.
Mantide, i. 127,
Mantiens, 1. 127.
MANTIN«, i. 127.
Mantine, i. 124.

Mantis albimacula, i. 146.
annulata, i. 187.
—— aurantiaca, i. 134.
bidens, i. 192.
bifasciata, i. 159.
——- brachyptera, i. 156.
—— carolina, 1. 148, 144.
— cellularis, i. 146.
—— chlorophea, i. 191.
cingulata, i. 192.
-—— concinna, i. 134.
conspurcata, i. 143.
cubaensis, i, 146.
—— cuticularis, 1. 144.
dimidiata, 1. 144.
domingensis, i. 146.
ferox, i. 144.

—— filum, 1. 169.

Jusca, i. 134.

— fuscata, i. 134.

—— grisea, i, 159.

—— hyalina, i. 151, 192.
inquinata, i. 148,
trrorata, i. 143.
latipennis, i. 146.
limbata, i. 146.
“—— macroptera, i. 190.
—— mexicana, i. 149.
—— minuta, i. 138.
—— multistriata, i, 134.

INDEX.

Mantis oratoria, i. 134.
ornata, i. 159.
ovalifolta, i. 150.
parallela, i. 198.
parva, i. 171.
perspicua, 1. 134.
—— phryyanoides, i, 159.
preta, i. 157.
precaria, i. 187.
—— purpurascens, 1. 156.
—— 4-maculata, i. 134.
5-maculata, i. 157.
—— reticulata, i. 159.
—— rhombicollis, i. 126.
—— rubicunda, i. 189.
—— sphingicornis, i. 196.
—— spinosa, ii. 375.
—— subfoliata, i. 196,
sumichrasti, 1. 149.
tolteca, i. 148,
tricolor, 1. 134.
truncata, i. 133.
versicolor, i, 156.
viridimargo, i. 146.
Manroipa, i. 125.

—— fulgidipennis, i. 125.
maya, i. 125,
Martinezia, i. 376.
Mastacine, ii. 2, 19.
Mastaz:, ii. 22, 28, 24.
gundlachi, ii, 24.
—— magna, 11. 23.

— militaris, i1. 23.

—— minuta, ii. 23.
—— mutilata, ii. 24.
—— semicecus, ii. 23.
tenuis, i, 22.
virescens, li. 22.
MasynTES, ii, 24.
Masyntes, ii. 20.
gundlachi, ii. 24.
mutilata, ii, 24.
MREGALOBLATTA, i. 56..
Megaloblatta, i. 55, 57.
peruviana, 1. 58,

—— regina, i. 58.
rutipes, i. 57.
rufipes, 1. 58.
MELANUPLUS, ii. 817,
Melanoplus, it. 221, 288, 301, 308,
316, 3819, 328, 329.
arboreus, il. 327.
aridus, li, 321.
arizone, ii, 325.
—— atlanis, 11. 320.
atlanis, ii. 324.
bivittatus, ii. 327.

Melanoplus bivittatus, ii, 324, 326.
bowditchi, ii. 320.
bowditcht, ii. 319.
browni, ii. 319.

—— cancri, ii. 322.

—— cinereus, ii. 324.

—— collaris, ii. 330.

—— complanatipes, ii. 324.
—— corpulentus, ii. 325.
—— cuneatus, il. 318.
cyanipes, ii. 324.

—— desultorius, ii. 322.
devastator, ii. 321.
devastator, ii, 301.
differentialis, ii. 325.
— differentials, ii. 326.
elongatus, ii. 320.
femur-rubrum, ii. 323.
flabellatus, 11. 323.
flabellifer, ii. 318.
-—— flavescens, ii. 319.
—— flavidus, ii. 320.
Jflavolineatus, ii. 330.
— fuscipes, ii, 323.
geniculatus, ii, 322,
geniculatus, ii. 306.
—— glaucipes, ii. 320.
gracilipes, il, 322.
herbaceus, ii. 319.
humphreysii, ii. 321.
impiger, ii, 324.
inornatus, li. 323.
lakinus, ii. 318.

—— marculentus, ii. 317.
—— marginatus, li. 325.
—— meridionalis, ii. 322.
—— missionun, ii. 323.

nitidus, ii. 321.
olivaceus, 11. 327.
palmeri, ii. 822.
picturatus, ii. 318,
picturatus, ii. 319,
—— pictus, ii. 319.
pinctus, il. 322,
plebejus, ii. 325.
ponderosus, ii. 326,
reflexus, ii: 322,
regalis, ii. 318, 319.
— robustus, ii. 326,
scitulus, ii. 323.
sonoree, ii. 318,
spretis, li. $21.
spretus, ii. 320,
—— spretus, ii. 321.
sumichrasti, ii. 326,
—— sumichrasti, ii. 327.
tenuipennis, ii. 323.

Melanoplus terminalis, ii. 324.
thomasi, ii. 327.
variabilis, ii. 325,
yarrowil, ii. 827,
MELANOTETTIX, ii. 90.
Melanotettix, ii. 32.

-~—— dibelonus, ii. 91.
Melanczosteria, i. 69, 70.
Melestora, i. 105.
MELLIERA, i. 147,
Melliera, i. 128, 133, 138, 148,
atopogamia, i. 148.
major, i. 149.
MERMIRIA, li. 87.
Mermiria, ii. 26, 88, 56.
belfraget, ii. 39.
bivittata, ii. 39.
bivittata, i, 38.
—— Iintertexta, ii. 39.
— intertexta, ii. 38.
— maculipennis, ii. 39.

—— maculipennis, ii. 38.
—— neo-mexicana, ii. 39.
—— neo-mexicana, li. 38.
texana, il. 38.
Meroneidii, i. 418.
MERONCIDITES, 1. 413.
Meroncidium degeert, i. 435.
MERONCIDIvS, i. 413.
atrispinus, 1. 426.
fuscus, 1. 413.
tncurvus, 1. 425,
Mzxsocu._oa, il. 54,
Mesochloa, ii. 28.
abortiva, ii. 55.
Mesops crenulatus, ii. 251.
Mestubregma, ii. 117, 178, 184.
captto, li. 177.

—— fuscifrons, ii. 177.
—— gracilipes, 11. 185.
—— hyalinum, ii. 185.
—- mexicanum, ii. 175,
rosaceum, ii. 185.
Metaleptea, ii. 26, 35.
angusticornis, ii. 88.
brevicornis, ii. 35.
notochloris, ii. 36.
METRIOMANTIS, i. 151.
Metriomantis, i, 128, 150, 152.
biramosa, i. 152.
— cupido, i. 152.

ovata, 1. 152.
METRIOTEs, il. 374.
Metriotes, ii. 369.
armatus, ii. 374.
—— armatus, ii. 877.
— diocles, ii, 374.

INDEX.

' Metriotes iphicles, ii, 375.

aphicles, ii. 374.
Metripus, i. 283.
Metrodora, ii. 7.
METRODOR4, ii. 6.
Metrodore, ii. 5.
M2zZEnTIA, ii. 247,
Mezentia, ii. 211.

gibbera, ii. 247.
Microcentra, i, 356.
MICROCENTRITES, 1. 356,
MIcROCENTRUM, i. 356,
uffivatum, i. 361.
angustatum, i. 857, 358.
aztecum, i, 363.
aztecum, i. 358.
championi, i. 360.
championi, i. 357, 358.
colosseum, i. 362.
colosseum, i, 358, 33.
concisum, i. 362.
concisum, 1. 358, 360.
cribrosum, i. 362.
cribrosum, i. 358.
elephas, i. 358.
erosum, i. 358, 363.
lanceolatum, 1. 859.
—— lanceolatum, i. 357, 358.
laurifolium, i, 361.

PTL TIT LEE ETTET

: —— laurifolium, i. 358.

ligatum, 1. 362.

—— ligatum, i. 358.

lucidum, i, 857,

—— marginatum, i. 357, 358.
martinicum, i. 359.
—— martinicum, i, 357.
myrtifolium, i. 359.
—— myrtifolium, i. 357.
otomium, i. 363.
otomium, 1, 358.

—— pallidum, i. 357, 360.
punctifrons, i. 3860.

—— punctifrons, i. 357, 358, 362.
—— retinerve, i. 361.
retinerve, i. 358, 360.
securiferum, i. 359.
securiferum, 1. 357, 358.
—— thoracicum, i. 368.
triangulatum, i. 357, 358, 359,
Microrss, ii. 167.

Microtes, ii. 116.

nubila, ii. 167.
MIcROTYLOPTERYX, ii. 341.
Microtylopteryz, i. 222.
fusitormis, ii. 341.

—- fusiformis, ii. 199.
hebardi, ii. 341,

Mimrrica, i. 452.
Mimetica, i. 404, 449, 451, 454.
aridifolia, i. 454.
aridifolia, i. 452.
brunneri, 1. 453.
—— brunneri, i. 452.
-—— castanea, i, 453. *
— castanea, i. 452.
-——— marmorata, i. 453.
—— marmorata, i. 452.
—— mortuifolia, i. 452.
mortuifolia, i. 453, 45-4.
— siccifolia, i, 454.
—— siecifoha, i, 452.
—— stmont, i. 452, 454.
—— subintegra, i. 453.
—— subintegra, 1. 452.
— viridifolia, i. 454.
viridifolta, i. 462.
Mimnermi, i. 297.
MIMNERMITES, i. 297,
M10GRYLLus, i. 227.
Miogryllus, i, 221.
brevipennis, i. 227.
micromegas, i. 227.
pusillus, i. 227.
pusillus, i, 228.
Mionyx, i. 166.

Mionyx, i. 129, 162, 163, 164, 180.
— — dohrnianus, i. 168.
duhrnianus, i. 167.
ferus, i. 167.

Jerus, i. 166, 168.
lineativentris, i. 168.
— lineativentris, i. 166.
rapax, i. 167.
rapax, i. 166.
sevus,i, 167.
sevus, i. 166, 168.
—— surinamus, i. 169,
surinamus, i. 167.
Miopreriass, i. 160.
MrIopreryx, i. 162.

Miopteryz, i. 129, 161, 163, 171, 130.

argentina, 1. 162,
—— brunnert, 1. 162.
ciliata, i. 162.
granadensis, i, 162,
granadensis, 1. 163.
grandis, i. 162.
parva, i. 171.

—— phryganea, i, 162.
rustica, i. 162.
Mogisoplistida, 1. 230.
Mogisoplistites, 1. 458.
Molytria, i. 61.
MoNACHIDIUM, ii. 299.

3 GE 2

398

Monachidium, ii. 216,
flavipes, ii. 299.
lunun, ii. 299.
superbum, ii. 236.
Monachoda, i. 115.
thunbergi, i. 120.
Monachodiens, i. 114.
Moncheca, i, 381.
pretiosa, i. 381.
Monocerophora, i. 403.
MoRSEA, ii. 24.

Morsea, ii, 20.

- californica, ii. 25.
MuwnatTIa, ii. 228.
Munatia, ii, 209.
inclarata, ii, 223.
—— punctata, 11. 223.
Musonia, i. 164.
Musonta, i. 129, 162, 166.
conspersa, 1, 16:5.
—— cubensis, i. 165.
femorata, i. 166.
JSemorata, i. 165.
lineativentris, 1. 168.
-——~ major, i. 165.

—— major, i. 166.

—— rapaz, i. 167.

—— surinama, i. 169,
vicina, 1. 165.
Myrmecophila, i, 230.
Myrmecophilide, i. 230.
Myrmecophiliens, i. 230.
MYRMECOPHILINA, i. 230.
Myrmecophiline, i, 198, 458.
Myrmecophilites, i. 458.
MYRMECOPHILUS, i. 230,
Myrmecophilus, i, 458.
—— americanus, i. 230.

NANNOTEITIX, i. 437.
elongatus, 1. 437.
—— marginatus, i. 437,
vittatus, i. 438,
NaPata, 11. 90,

Napaia, ii. 32.

gracilis, ii. 90.
NAuPHaTA, i. 100.
Naupheeta, i. 14, 68, 88.
bivittata, i. 101.
cinerea, i. 101.
cinerea, i. 100.
circumvagans, i. 101.
circumvagans, i. 100.
grisea, i. 101.

—— levigata, i. 101.
—— levigata, i. 100.

INDEX.

Naupheeta pallida, i. 101.
Naupheetiens, i. 88.
Nauti, ii, 242.

Nauta, ii, 211, 248.
conspersipes, 11, 244.
conspersipes, ii. 243.
flavosignata, ii. 243.
Jlavosignata, ii. 244.
ornatipes, li. 243,
petasata, 11. 243,
petasata, ii, 244,
vitta-gen@, ii. 243.
NEMOBIUS, i. 221.
Nemobius, i. 220, 223.
araucanus, i. 228.
—— comanchus, i. 222.
—— comanchus, i. 221.
—— cubensis, i. 222.
— cubensis, i. 221, 223,
denticulatus, i. 223,
—— distinguendus, i. 222.
—— distinguendus, i, 221.
——- ensifer, 1. 224,

—— ensifer, i, 221.

—— eviguus, i, 221.
fasciatus, i. 221,
Jasciatus, i. 222, 223,
hastatus, i. 222.
—— hastatus, i. 221.
lineolatus, i, 223.
longipennis, 1. 223. |
—— mexicanus, i. 224,
—— mexicanus, i, 221.

neomexicanus, i, 223,

neomexicanus, i, 221, 222.

toltecus, i. 223.
toltecus, 1, 221, 224.
vittatus, 1, 221, 222, 223,
NEOLOBOPHORA, i, 8.
bogotensis, i. 8.
ruticeps, i. 8.
volsella, 1. 8.
Neorrtus, i. 809,
carolinensis, i. 309,
jamaicensis, i. 309.
Neotettix, ii. 9.

barretiz, ii. 9.
NETROSOMA, li. 299,
Netrosoma, ii. 217.

——— fusifurme, ii. 300.
nigropleurum, ii. 300.
NICARCHUS, ii, 289.
Nicarchus, ii, 216,

—— erinacens, ii. 289.
NICHELIUS, ii. 242,
Nichelwus, ii. 211.

— fuscopictus, ii, 242.

Nisitrus, i, 255, 256.
Nomotettix, ii. 9.
Nyctibora, i. 55.
phalerata, i. 59.
Nyctiboride, i. 54.
Nycropora, i. 55.
Nyctobora, i. 46.
azteca, i. 56.
azteca, i. 55.
intermedia, i, 55.
mexicana, i, 55.
mexicana, i. 56.

—— sericea, i. 55.

—— (Heminyctobora) truncata, i. 56.
—— truncata, i. 55.
NYcCTOBORINA, i. 54.

Nyctoborine, i. 14.

OcHETOTETTIX, ii. 9.
Ochetotettiz, ii. 5.
barretti, ii, 9.

—— volans, ii. 9.
Ochrilidia, ii. 70.

cinerea, i. 71.

—— crenulata, ii. 71.
occipitalis, ii. 71.
OcHROTETTIX, ii. 56.
Ochrotettix, 11. 29, 57.
salinus, ii. 56.
OcNOPHILA, ii. 345.
Ocnophita, ii. 344.

aurita, ii. 346.
aurita, ii, 845.

— ciliata, ii. 346,
—— ciliata, ii. 345.
crudis, ii. 346.

—— crudis, ii. 345,

—— godmani, ii. 346.
godmani, ii. 345.
— meditans, ii. 346.
meditans, ii. 345.
mexicana, ii, 346.
mexicana, ii. 345, 347,
ornatissima, ii. 346.
ornatissima, ii. 845.
strumosa, ii. 346.
—— strumosa, ii. 345.
submutica, ii. 346.
—— submutica, ii. 345.
Odonture, i. 315.
OpontuRIrss, i. 315.
Gcanthiens, i, 240.
CEcANTHINA, i. 240, 251.
Ccanthina, i. 199.
Gcunthites, i, 240, 251,
CEcANTHUS, i. 252.
Ccanthus, i, 269; ii. 81,

(Ecanthus argentinus, i. 253.
argentinus, i. 252.
—— bipunctatus, i. 255.
—— bipunctatus, i. 252, 253, 254.
californicus, i. 254,
formosus, i. 255.
—— lineolatus, i. 254.
lineolatus, i. 252, 253,
nigricornis, i. 254.
—— nigricornis, 1, 252, 253.
—— niveus, i, 253.
—— niveus, i. 252, 254, 255.
—— peruvianis, i. 254.
punctulatus, i. 255.
varicornis, i. 254.
varicornis, 1. 252, 253.
CEDALEONOTUS, ii. 329.
(Edaleonotus, ii, 221.
enigma, ii. 330.
Cidalometopon, ii. 242.
—— petasatum, ii, 243.
Gdipoda, ii. 119, 138, 143, 161, 164,
166, 167, 171, 173, 178, 179, 183,
187, 188.
—— e@equalis, ii. 165.
atrox, ii, 144.
azteca, i. 171.
—— belfragei, ii. 165.
carinata, ii, 124.
carolina, ii. 162.
collaris, ii. 166.
—— corallipes, ii. 154,
costalis, ii, 140.
discoidea, ii. 152.
elephas, ii. 159.
—— eucerata, ii. 178.
fenestralis, ii. 178.
—— haldemanit, ii. 152, 153,
—— hayden, ii. 1738.
hoffmanni, ii. 184.
—— longipennis, ii. 162.
———— marmorata, ii. 167.

—— mexicana, ii.171.
montana, ii. 158.
nebraskensis, ii. 163.
neglecta, ii. 152, 156, 157.
obliterata, ii. 163, 165.
ocelote, ii. 153.
pallidipennis, ii. 181.
paradoxa, ii. 152, 156.
—— pardalina, ii. 155,
pellucida, ii. 144.

—— phenicoptera, ii. 152, 153.
—— platter, i. 177.

—— pruinosa, ii. 184.

—— pulchripennis, ii. 153.
—— punctata, ii. 168.

INDEX.

CGidipoda rugosa, ii. 152.

sordida, ii. 139.

speciosa, ii. 189.

—— straminea, ii. 181.

—— sulphurea, ii. 134.

sumichrasti, ii. 189.

—- tenebrosa, ii. 127,

tentatriz, ii. 189.

—— tolteca, ii. 181.

—~ trifasciata, ii. 184,

—— undulata, ii. 188.

—— venusta, ii. 163.

—— wheelerit, ii. 159,

—— xanthoptera, ii, 124,

CEDIPODIN&, ii. 114,

Gdipodina, ii. 2, 3.

Csdipodint, ii. 114.

CEdocara, ii. 110.

ellsott?, ii, 111.

strangulatum, ii. 111.

(EDOMERUS, ii. 293.

Glomerus, ii. 216.

corallipes, ii. 293,

corallipes, ii, 29-4.

nigropleurus, ii. 294,

CHonomus, ii. 90.

alta, ii. 90.

OLCYPHIDES, ii. 371,

Olcyphides, ii. 368.

viridipes, ii, 371.

OLigonyx, i. 171.

Oligonyx, 1. 130, 161, 162, 169, 175,
177, 178.

bicornis, i. 177.

—— bollianus, i. 173.

bollianus, i. 172.

brunnert, i. 171.

—— filiformis, i. 170.

gryps, i. 167,

mexicanus, 1, 172.

mexicanus, 1. 175.

—— punctulatus, i. 174.

—— punctulatus, 1. 172.

pygmeus, i. 180.

scudderi, 1.171, 173.

striolatus, i. 173.

striolatus, i. 172, 174.

subhyalinus, i. 170.

tessellatus, i. 174.

tessellatus, 1. 172.

tultecus, i. 175.

toltecus, i. 172

uhlert, i. 171.

OMALOTETTIX, ii. 280.

Omalotettic, li. 215, 233.

ceruleipennis, ii. 282.

ceruleipennis, i1, 231.

°.
ade

3599

Omalotettix chapadensis, ii. 282.
chapadensis, ii. 280.
conspersipennts, li. 281, 2&2.
meridionalis, ii. 281.
meridionalis, ii. 280.
nebulosa, ii. 281.
—— nebulosa, ii. 280.
signatipes, ii. 281.
signatipes, ii. 280.
OMMATOLAMPIS, ii, 289.
Ommatolamprs, it. 216, 265, 290, 291,
337.
annulicornis, ii. 299,
carinipes, ii. 246,
mexicana, li, 265.
perspicillata, ii. 290.
saussuret, ii, 332.
variegata, ii. 263.
-——— viridis, ii. 314.
Oncotophasma, 11. 362.
—- martini, ii, 362,
Oniscosoma, i. 89.
Onosandrus, 1. 298.
Opxta, ii. 58.
Opeia, ii. 29,
imperfecta, ii. 59.
—— lineata, ii. 61.
lineata, ii. 59,
mexicana, ii. 60,
mexwana, li, 59,
obscura, ii. 59.
obscura, ii. 54, 58, 61,
pallida, ii. 60.
—— pallida, ii. 59.
palmeri, ii. 61.
palmeri, ii. 59.
—— testacea, ii. 60.
testacea, ii. 58, 59, G1.
OPHTHALMOLAMPIS, ii. 24-4,
Ophthalmolampis, ii. 211.
OPISTHOCOSMIA, i. 8.
americana, i. 8.
vartegata, i. 9.
OPISTHOPLATIA, i. 68,
Opisthoplatia, i. 59.
orientalis, i. 68.
Opomala bivittata, ii. 89.
brevipennis, ii. 86.
castanea, ii, 278.
—— maryinicollis, ii. 253.
—— mexicana, ii. 253.

—— neomexicana, ii. 39.
punctipennis, ii, 36.
Opsomala, ii. 85, 252.
bivittata, ii. 39.
erythrogastra, ii. 263,
—— marginicollis, ii, 253.

400

Opsomala punctipennis, ii. 36.

stolliz, ii, 252.

viridis, ii. 255.

Orchelimum, i. 895, 396,

cuticulare, i. 398.

—— glaberrimum, i. 397.

—— longipenne, i. 397.

nigripes, i. 898.

Ornebius, i, 280.

OrocHaris, 1. 269.

Orocharis, i. 256, 258, 261, 270, 277,
278.

—— amusus, i. 274,

amusus, i. 270, 271, 272.

antillarum, i. 270, 271, 272, 274,

275.

canotus, i. 270, 271, 272, 274.

cayennensis, i. 275.

cayennensis, i, 270, 271, 272,

276.

conspersus, i, 271, 272, 274.

dominguensis, i. 270, 271, 272,

274, 275.

Sulvescens, i. 271, 272.

gaumeri, i. 273.

gaumert, i, 270, 271, 272, 275,

276.

gryllodes, i. 275.

gryllodes, i. 271, 272, 278, 274,

276, 277.

helvolus, 1. 271.

krugit, i. 278.

—— maxillaris, 1. 273.

maxillaris, 1. 270, 271, 272.

—— maya, i. 275.

maya, i. 270, 271, 272.

—— mexicanus, i. 276.

mexicanus, i. 271, 272, 276.

—— ocellaris, i. 273.

ocellaris, i. 270, 271, 272, 275,
276.

—— rodriguezi, i, 272.

rodriguezt, 1. 270, 271, 278.

saltator, 1. 276.

saltator, 1. 271, 272, 273.

, var. meridionalis, i. 276.

saltatrix, i, 276,

—— sauleyt, i. 270, 271, 272.

scitulus, i. 263.

signatus, i, 263.

terebrans, i. 277.

terebrans, 1. 271, 272.’

—— tibialis, i. 274.

tibialis, i. 270, 271, 272, 278,
275.

—— vaginalis, i. 276.

— vaginalis, 1. 271, 272, 275, 277.

INDEX.

OrocuiRvs, i. 277.
Orochirus, 1. 256.
corrugatus, i. 279.
corrugatus, i. 278, 280.
krugi, i. 278.
—— musicus, i. 279.
—— musicus, i. 278.
——- pilosus, i. 278.
Orophus, i. 835, 356.
huastecus, i. 337.
mexicanus, i. 338.
otomius, i. 363.
rhombifoltus, i. 361.
salvifolius, i, 359.
tessellatus, i. 339.
ORPHULA, ii. 72.
Orphula, ii. 26, 30, 62, 74.
azteca, i. 73.
decora, ii. 83.
meridionalis, ii. 73.
—— olivacea, ii. 78.
orizabe, ii. 81.
—— pagana, il. 73.
—— pagana, ii. 72, 74.
—— pelidna, ii. 79.
punctata, li. 80.
scuddert, ii. 82.
speciosa, ii. 79.
—— tepaneca, ii. 81.
zapoteca, ii. 74.
ORPHULELLA, li. 74.
Orphulella, ii. 25, 31, 62, 69, 73, 78,
83, 84, 87.
—— aculeata, ii. 80.
— aculeata, ii. 74, 76.
—— affinis, ii. 79.
—— affinis, ii. 75.
arctata, ii. 79.
— arctata, ii. 76.
—— compta, ii. 78.
—— compta, ii. 75,
—— costaricensis, ii. 82.
—— costaricensis, li. 77, 81.
—— decora, ii. 83.
decora, i. 75.
graminea, ii. 78.
—— graminea, ii. 75.
—— meridionalis, ii. 8}.
—— meridionalis, ii. 77, 78.
—— mexicana, 11. 80.
—— mexicana, ii. 76.
neglecta, ii. 80.
neglecta, 11. 76.
obliquata, ii. 80.
obliquata, ii. 75.
olivacea, ii. 78.
olivacea, ii. 76.

Boson

Orphulella orizabe, ii. 81.
orizabe, ii. 77.
pelidna, ii. 79.
pelidna, ii. 76.
picturata, ii. 79.
—— picturata, 11. 75.
—-—- pratorum, ii. 80.

—— pratorum, ii. 76.
prominula, ii, 82.
prominula, ii. 77.
punctata, il. 80.
punctata, ii. 76, 82.
robusta, 11. 83.
robusta, ii. 77.
scudderi, ii. 82.
scuddert, ii. 77.
speciosa, li. 79.
speciosa, ii. 75.
tepaneca, ii. 81.
tepaneca, ii. 77.
tolteca, ii. 81.

tolteca, ii. 77,
viridescens, ii. 81.
viridescens, ii. 78.
walkert, ii. 78.
zapoteca, ii. 81.
zapvteca, li. 77.
ORPHULINA, ii. 74,
Orphulna, ii. 30.
pulchella, ii. 74.
Orthoderide, 1. 125,
Orthodériens, i. 125.
ORrTHODERINA, i. 125,
Orthoderine, i. 124.
ORTHOPTERA GENUINA, i. 13.
OSMILIA, ii. 330.

Osmilta, 11, 222, 331, 882, 333,
ceelestis, il. 331.
ceelestis, 11. 330.

—~ flavelineata, ii, 331.
Jlavolineata, 11. 380.
tolteca, ii. 331.

—— tolteca, ii. 330.
violacea, ii, 332.
violucea, ii. 380, 331.
OruMBA, ii. 7.

Otumba, ii. 4, 5.
scapularis, ii. 7.

Ovya unistrigata, ii. 247.
Oxyblepta limbatipennis, ii. 261.
Oxycoryphus, ii. 42, 70.
aztecus, il, 73.
burkhardtianus, ii. 36.
—— mexicanus, ii. 80.
—— montezuma, ii. 45.

obscurus, ii. 59,
oceipitalts, ii. 71..

Oxycoryphus toltecus, ii. 81.
totonacus, ii. 78.
zapotecus, li. 81.
OxyYHALOA, i 77.
Oxyhaloa, i. 75, 76.
buprestoides, i. 77.
buprestordes, i. 76.
Oxyhaloide, i. 75.
Oxyops, i. 189.

Ovyops, i. 184, 185.
acut pennis, i. 189.
—— icterica, i. 190.
—— icterica, i. 189.
—— media, i. 189.
— obtusa, i. 189.
—— rubicunda, i. 189.
rubicunda, i. 190.

Pumphagine, ii. 2.
Pamphagus lateralis, ii. 225,
serratus, li, 225,
PANACANTHUS, 1. 376,
spinosus, i. 376.
PANCHLORA, 1. 90.
Panchlora, i. 68, 88, 91, 100.
acolhua, i. 95.
acolhua, i. 92, 93.
—— albida, i. 98.

—— antillarum, i. 94.
antillarum, 1. 91, 93.
azteca, 1. 98.

azteca, i. 93.

—— cribrosa, i. 99.
cribrosa, i. 93.

—— exoleta, i. 93.

—— exoleta, i. 91, 94.
fraterna, i. 97.
fraterna, i. 92, 93.
glauca, 1. 94.

glauca, i. 91, 93.
—— hyalina, 1. 96.

—— hyalina, i. 92, 93, 97.
lacandon, i. 97.
lactea, i. 98.
lancadon, i, 92, 93, 97.
—— latipennis, i. 99.
latipennis, i. 93, 99.
luteola, i. 96.
mexicana, 1. 97.

—— montezuma, i. 98.
montezuma, 1. 92, 93.
—— moxa, 1. 96. oe
mod, i. 92, 93, 97.
—— najas, i, 98.

najas, i. 92, 93.
nivea; i. 96.

INDEX.

Panchlora nivea, i. 92, 93.
peruana, i, 95.
peruana, i. 92, 98, 96.
poeyt, i. 95.

—— prasina, i. 95.
prasina, i. 92, 93, 98.
pulchella, i. 97.
pulchella, i. 92, 93,
—— punctum, i. 96.
punctum, i. 92.
surinamensis, i. 90.

_——-— thalassina, i. 93.

thalassina, i. 91.
tolteca, i. 99.

—— tolteca, i. 93.

—— virescens, i. 94.

—— virescens, i. 91, 93, 95. .
—— viridis, i. 94.

—— virtdis, i. 91, 93, 95, 98.
—— zendala, i. 98.

zendala, i. 92, 93.
Punchloride, i. 88.
Panchloriens, i. 88.
PANCHLORINA, i. 85,
Panchlorine, i. 15.
Panchlorites, i. 88.
PANESTHINA, i. 123.
Panesthine, i. 15,

PAPAGOA, li. 42,

Papagoa, ii. 27.

arizonensis, ii. 42.
Parableta, i. 321, 325, 326.
PARABLIASTES, i, 430.
vermiculatus, i. 430.
Paracanthops, i. 182.

celebs, i, 182.
PARACERATINOPTERA, 1. 49.
Puraceratinoptera, i. 31.
dohrniana, i. 49.
nahua, i. 49.
PARACHLOEBATA, li. 83.
Parachloebata, i. 31.
pratensis, ii. 84.
prattensis, ii. 84.
PARADIAPHEROMERA, il. 347.
Paradiapheromera, ii. 344.
armata, ii. 3847.
armata, ii. 377.
strumosa, ii. 347,
strumosa, li. 377.
PaRADICHROPLUS, ii. 302.
Paradtchroplus, ii, 217, 303.
mexicanus, ii. 302.
mexicanus, ii. 303,
varicolor, ii. 303.
PARAGENES, i, 338,
conspersa, 1. 339,

Paragenes conspersa, i. 338.
mexicana, i. 338,
mexicana, 1, 339.
ovata, 1. 339,
ovata, i. 338.
—-— tessellata, i. 339.
tessellata, i. 338.
PARAGRYLUUS, i. 242.
Paragryllus, i, 244.
martini, i. 242.
-—— rex, i. 243.
rex, i, 244,
temulentus, i. 242.
temulentus, i. 243.
Parahormetica, i. 123.
PARAIDEMONA, ii. 312.
Paraidemona, ii. 219, 309.
mimica, ii. 313.
—— pilosa, ii. 307.
punctata, ii. 312.
PARALATINDIA, i, 113,
Paralatindia, i. 105, 110.
azteca, i. 1138.
azteca, i. 114.
—— mancella, i. 114.
—— mancella, i. 113.
—— peruviana, i. 114.
peruciana, i. 113.
Paraloboptera, i. 31.
PARAMASTAX, ii. 23.
Paramastaz, ii. 20.
magna, 11. 23,
Parametrypus, i. 256.
Paranaudus, i, 256,
PaRANISOMORPHA, ii. 367.
insignis, ii. 367.
Paraspheria, i. 103.
PARASTAGMATOPTERA, i. 18%.
Parastagmatoptera, i. 184, 189.
- flavoguttata, i. 188.
lobipes, i. 189.
lobipes, i. 188.
tessellata, i. 188.
—— unipuanctata, i. 188.
PaRATETTIX, i. 11.
Paratettix, ii. 5, 10, 13.
aztecus, li, 14.
aztecus, li. 12.
caudatus, ti, 12.
cucullatus, ii. 13.
—— durus, ii. 13.
durus, ii. 11,
fallax, ii. 13.
fallax, ii. 12, 14.
—— mexicanus, ii. 12.
—— méxicanus, ii. 11, 13.
peruvianus, ii, 12.

401

402

Paratettix perurianus, ii. 11.
rugosus, ii. 10.
schochi, ii. 12.

— schochi, ii. 11.
sinuatus, ii. 1:3.
sinuatus, ti. 11.
toltecus, ii. 12.
toltecus, ti. 11.
extensus, li. 12.
Parathespis, i. 161.
ParaTRopPa, i. 59.
Paratropa, i. 58.
equatorialis, i. 59.
—— bilunata, i. 60.
bilunata, 1. 59.
biolleyi, i. 60.
biolleyi, i. 59.
elegans, i. 59.
histrio, i. 100.
mexicana, 1. 59.
-——— phalerata, i. 59.
—— phalerata, i, 60.
subsericea, i, 59.
Paratropes, i. 59.
histrio, i. 100.
lycus, i. 59, 60.
Para@canTuvs, i. 261.

Parecanthus, i. 256, 269, 282, 283.

aztecus, i. 262.

—— axtecus, i. 261, 263, 264, 265,
JSaliax, i. 261.

Joraminatus, i. 264,
guatemale, i. 263.

—— guatemala, i. 262, 264, 265.
lituratus, i, 265.

hturatus, i. 261.
mexicanus, i. 263.

—— mexvicanus, i, 262, 264.
niger, i. 265.

niger, i. 261, 262, 263, 264.
—— olmecus, i. 264.

olmecus, i. 262.
podagrosus, i. 264.

—— podagrosus, i. 262, 265.
sulcatus, i. 263,

sulcatus, 1. 262.

—— tibialis, i. 264.

— tibialis, i, 262, 235.
toltecus, i. 262.

toltecus, i, 261.
PaROPOMALA, li. 39.
Paropomala, ii. 26, 40, 334.
calamus, ii. 40.

dissimilis, ii. 41.

dissimilis, ii. 40.

pallida, ii. 40, 342.

—— pallida, ii. 41, 334.

INDEX.

Paropomala virgata, ii. 41, 342.

virgata, ii, 40.
Paroxya, ii. 328,
Paroxya, ii, 221.
atlantica, ii. 828,
—— floridana, ii. 328.
recta, ii. 328,
Paulinia, ii. 191.
mucosa, ii. 191.
PrpIEs, ii. 333.

Pedies, ii, 222.
virescens, ii. 333.
Preasripioy, ii. 334.
Pegasidion, ii, 222.
—— volitans, ii. 334
PELMATOSILPHA, i. 72.
Pelmatosilpha, i. 69.
alaris, i. 72.
prestans, i. 72.
villana, i. 72.
PERICENTRUS, ii. 356.
Pericentrus, ii, 355.
laciniatus, ii. 356,
—— laciniatus, ii. 377.
—— multilobatus, ii. 356.

—— spinoso-limbatus, ii. 356.

PERIPLANRETA, i. 73.
Periplaneta, i. 57, 69, 70.
—— americana, i. 74.
americana, i. 73.
—- australasie, i. 74.
brunnea, i. 74.
decorata, i. 73.
histrio, 1. 73.
mysteca, i, 71.
occidentalis, 1. 72.
rhombifolia, i. 73.
truncata, 1. 74.
Periplanetida, i. 69.
Periplanetiens, i. 69.
PERIPLANFTINA, i. 69.
Periplanetine, i. 14.
Periplanetites, i. 69.
PERISPHZRINE, i. 103.
Perispherina, i. 15.
PERIXERUS, li. 333.
Perixerus, ii, 222.

levis, ii. 334.

—— levis, ii. 333.

—— squamipennis, ii. 334.
squamipennis, li, 333.
variabilis, ii. 335.
variabilis, ii, 338.
PERLIODES, ii. 374.
Perliodes, ii. 369.

—— grisescens, ii. 374.

Ht |

nigrogranulosus, ii. 374,

PETALOPTERA, 1. 365.
—— filia, i. 366.
zendala, i. 365.
Petasodes, i. 115.
PrvcEstsgs, i. 370.
championi, i. 371.
championi, i. 370,
coronatus, i. 370.
coronatus, i, 372.
dentatus, i. 371.
—— dentatus, i. 370.
latipennis, i. 371.
—— latipennis, i. 370.
—— striolatus, i. 372.
striolatus, i. 370.
Pezotettix, ii. 813, 317.
acutipennis, ii. 314.
—— angustipennis, ii. 304.
—— apterus, ii. 330.
— aridus, ii. 321.
—— autumnalis, ii, 328.
——. aztecus, ii. 313.
—— differentialis, ii, 326.
—— enigma, ii. 330.
—-- flabellatus, ii, 323.
Suscipes, ii, 323.
Juscus, ii. 801.
gracilipes, ii. 322.

—— humphreysu, ii. 805, 321.

—— mornatus, ii 323.
Jjucundus, ii. 330.

—— marculentus, ti. 317.

marginatus, ii. 326.
—— mexicana, ii. 300, 301.
—-— nebrascensis, ii. 328.
—— nigropleura, ii. 300.
—— nigrovittatus, ii. 339.
—— nudus, ii. 312;
—— olivaceus, ii. 306, 314.
-—— parvulus, ii. 306.
pictus, 11. 337.
-—— prlosus, ii. 307.
—— plagosus, li. 316.
—— plebejus, ii. 325.
punctatus, ii. 312.

—— punctulatus, 11, 301.
pupeformis, ii. 325.
rectus, ii. 328,
robustus, ii. 326.
—— spectosus, ii. 315.
—— spretus, ii. 321.
—— sumichrasti, ii. 326.
—— ltenuipennis, 11. 323.
—— variabilis, ii. 325.
—— varicolor, ii. 303.
variegatus, ii. 336.
PHADROTETTIX, ii. 304,

Phedrotettiz, ii, 218.
angustipennis, ii. 304,
PH#OpPARIA, ii. 277.
Pheoparia, ii. 215, 278.
-—— annulicornis, ii. 279.
annulicornis, ii. 278.
castanea, li. 278.
emarginata, ii. 280.
—— emarginata, ii. 278,
—— immaculata, ii. 279.

——- immaculata, ii. 278.
—— linea-alba, ii. 278.
—— maculipennis, ii. 279.
—— maculipennis, ii. 278.
—— rotundata, ii. 279.
rotundata, ii, 278, 280.
Phalangopsis, i. 251.
azteca, i, 248.
gracilines, i. 299.
lapidicola, i. 299.
—— robustus, i. 800.
PHALANGOPSITES, i. 241.
Phaneroptera, i. 827.
alipes, i. 316, 317.
—— angustifolia, i. 332.
-— citrifola, 1. 371.
—— curvicauda, 1. 332.

—— mexicana, i. 331.
oblongifolia, 1. 352.
Phaneropteride, i, 310.
PHANEROPTERINA, 1. 310.
PHANEROTURIS, ii. 88,
Phaneroturis, ii. 31.
cupido, ii. 88.
‘Phanocles burkartu, ii. 364, 377.
ploiaria, ii. 868, 377.
PHANTASIS, i. 357,
Phantasis, ii, 355.

lobata, li. 357. —
—— planula, ii. 357.
saussurei, ii. 357.
saussuret, ii, 877.
subconstricta, li, 3857, 377.
PHasMA, ii. 372,

Phasma, ii. 368.

annulipes, ii. 372.
bicornis, ii. 864.
menius, ii. 373.
perezi, li. 372.
planulum, ii. 357.
Phasmata, ii. 368.
PHASMID™, ii. 343.
PHASsMINA, ii. 368.
Fhasmine, ii. 3438.
PHaSMOMANTIS, i. 149.
Phasmomantis, i. 128, 139.
championi, i. 149,

INDEX.

Phasmomantis sumichrasti, i. 149.
PHAULOTETTIX, ii. 306.
Phaulotettix, 11. 218.
compressus, ii. 806.
PHERTERUS, 1. 204.
Pherterus, i. 295, 296.
brasiliensis, i. 296,
brasiliensis, 1. 295.
—— cubensis, i. 295.
odldianus, i. 295.
Phibalosoma ploiaria, ii, 363.
Phibalosomata, ii. 355,
PHIBALOSOMINA, 11, 355,
Fhibalosomina, ii. 348.
PHILOBORA, i. 101.
Phailobora, i. 89.
conspersa, i. 101.
—— conspurcata, i. 101.
— elegans, i. 101.
PHILOCLEON, ti. 380.
Philocleon, ii. 221.
nigrovittatus, ii. 330,
PHILOPHYLLIA, i. 367.
euttulata, 1. 367,
PHLIBOSTROMA, ii. 71.
Phiibostroma, 1. 29.
—— letum, ii. 72.
parvum, ii. 72, 109,
pictum, ii. 72.
quadrimaculatum, ii. 72.
Phiibostrome, ii. 29.
Phiugis, i. 400.

chrysopa, i. 401.
—— mantispa, i. 401.
teres, i. 401.
PHOBEROPUS, 1. 297,
Phoberopus, i. 298.
championi, i. 298.
Phetalia, i. 100.
PHGTALIOTES, li. 328.
Phetaliotes, ii. 221.

—— nebrascensis, ii, 328,
PuHorRASPIS, i. 60.
Phoraspis, i. 58, 59.
atomaria, 1. 61,
—— bicolor, i. 61.
bicolor, i. 60.

—— flavipes, i. 61.
leucogramma, 1. 60.
mexicana, i. 60.
Phorticeca, i. 89.
Photina, i. 151.

vitrea, i. 152.
Purixa, i, 333.

hoegei, i. 334.
maya, 1. 335,

—— maya, i. 384.

BIOL, CENTR-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. 1I., February 1909.

403

Phrixa nasuta, i. 334.
schumanni, i. 334.
schumanni, i. 385,
sima, 1. 335.

sima, 1, 334.
Phrive, i. 338.
PHRIXITES, i. 383.
Phrynonax lunulatus, i. 117,
PHRYNOTETTIX, li. 197.
Phrynotettiz, ii, 119.
—— magnus, ii. 198,
magnus, ii. 197.
robustus, li. 199,

— robustus, ii. 197.
——- taosanus, ii. 198.
taosanus, ii. 197.
tschivavensis, ii. 198.
tschivavensis, ti. 197.
tshivavensis, ii. 198, 199.
verruculatus, ii, 198.
verruculatus, ii. 197.
Phyllodromia, i, 41, 46, 52.
bivittata, i. 42.
burmeistert, i. 66.
cubensis, i. 44.

—— germanica, i, 42.
supellectilium, i. 44.
vitrea, 1. 45. .
Phullodromide, i. 30.
PHYLLOGRYLLUS, i. 257,
Phyllogryllus, i. 256.
mortuifolia, i. 257.
mortutfolia, i. 258.
pipilans, i. 258.
PHYLLOMANTIS, i, 183,
Phyllomantis, i. 181.
laurifolia, i. 183.
Phyjllopalpus, i. 238.
PHYLLOPTERA, i. 351.
Phylloptera, i. 346, 348, 349, 356,
367.
——- angustifolia, i. 341.
—— azteca, i. 369.
—— caudata, i. 337.
—— couloniana, i. 368.
—— dimidiata, i. 353.
—— dimidiata, i. 352.
erinifolia, i, 342,
festa, 1. 852,
—— finoti, i. 353.
—— finoti, i. 352.
—— huasteca, i. 337.
lanceolata, i, 369.
laurifolia, i. 359.
maculosa, i. 352.
—— marginella, i. 368.
—— mexicana, 1. 388.

3 Hu

404

Phylloptera oblongifolia, i, 336, 387.
otomia, 1, 368.
ovalifolia, i. 352.
pisifolia, 1. 352.
—— punctum-album, i, 352.
retinervis, i. 361.
rhombifolia, i. 361.
rotundifolia, i. 337.
salieifolia, i. 361.
salvifulia, 1. 359.
tarasea, i. 366.
tessellata, i. 339.
—— thoracica, i. 368.
tolteca, i. 319, 368.
totonaca, 1. 361.
viridicata, i. 352.
zetterstedti, 1. 347.
Phylloptere, i, 348.
PHYLLOPTERITES, i. 348.
PHYLLOSCIRTUS, 1. 238.
Phylloseirtus, i. 239.
-—— brunnerianus, i. 239.
— ceruleus, i. 239,
— cicindeloides, i. 239.
elegans, i. 239.
Piliger, i. 333.
PLAGIOPLEURA, i. 324.
Plagiopleura, i. 321, 326.
arbustorum, i. 325.
Plagiopleure, i. 321.
PLAGIOPLEURITEsS, i. 321.
Plagioptera nitidipennis, i. 349.
PLANUDES, ii. 373.
Plunudes, ii. 368.
crenulipes, ii. 373.
Platamodes, i, 17, 30, 33, 34, 35, 42,
46, 50, 52, 54, 67.
Platydactylus, i. 256.
caliginosus, i. 257.
—— diversus, i. 282.
lituratus, i. 265.
surinamensis, i, 257,
vicinus, i, 257.
Platyphylla, i. 412.
PLATYPHYLLITES, i. 412.
PLATYPHYLLUM, i. 412.
consanguineum, i, 412.
luridum, i. 412.
perspicillutum, i. 446,
salvifolium, i. 446.
toltecum, i. 412.
tuberosum, i. 41], —
Platyphyma aztecum, ii. 313.
mexicanum, ii. 302,
PLATYTHORUS, ii. 8.
Platythorus, ii. 5.
camurus, li. 8

INDEX.

Pilatyzosteria, i. 69, 70. |
Jinschiana, i. 72. |
opaca, i, 72.
rufo-vittata, 1.71.
PLECTOPTERA, 1. 84.
Plectoptera, i. 75, 77.
circuincincta, i. 85.

circumcincta, 1. 84.
—— circumdata, i. 86.
circumdata, 1, 84, 85.
krugi, 1. 85.

—— kruyi, i. 84. |
—- micans, i. 8).

—— micans, i. 84.
picta, 1. 85,
picta, i, 84, 86. |
—— poeyi, i. 84,
poeyt, 1. 85.
porcellana, i. 85.
porcellana, i. 84, 86.
—— pulicaria, i. 86.
pulrearia, i. 84, 85.
unicolor, i. 84.
PLECTOPTERINA, 1. 75.
Plectopterine, i. 14.
PLECTRONOTUS, ii. Lt.
Plectronotus, ii. 6. |
scaber, il. 14.
Plectrophorus, ii. 99,
viatorius, li. 101.
PLECTROTETTIX, 11. 99.
Plectrotettix, ii. 33, 100.
borellit, ii, 100.
brasiliensis, ii. 100.
brunnert, ii. 109.
calidus, ii. 101.
conspersus, ii. 100.
—— excelsus, ii, 102. |
—— evcelsus, ii. 101.

—— gregarius, ii. 100.
—— macneilli, ii. 102. |
— macneilli, ii. 101.

|
— nobilis, ii, 102. |
—— nobilis, ii, 101.
patria, ii. 102. |
|
|
|
|

patria, li. 101.
peragrans, ii. 100,
pictus, ii, 100.

—— pratensis, ii. 100.
viatorius, ii. 101.
viatorius, ii, 100, 102.
Pleminia repanda, i. 408.
Pleminia, i. 409.
PLEMINUTES, i. 409.
Pnigodes, ii. 102.
megacephala, ii. 103.
PoDoscIRTITES, 1. 257.

Podoscirtus, i. 283.
Peciloderrhis, i. 61, 62.
PacILorertix, li, 829.
Peecilotettix, ii, 221.
coccinatus, ii. 329.
pantherinus, ii. 329.
picticornis, ii. 329.

—— sanguineus, ii. 329.
P@PEDETEs, 11. 333.
Popedetes, ii. 222.
corallinus, ii. 333.
Polyphagiens, 1. 103.
Polyphagites, i. 103.
PoLysarcus, ii. 341.
Poiysarcus, ii. 222, 339,
atavus, il. 841.
Polyzosteria azteca, i. 70.
cabrera@, i. 72.
—— mexicana, i. 70.
—— mysteca, 1. 71.
ortentalis, i. 68.
Popa, i. 148.
Posrp1ppPvs, i. 373.
citrifolius, 1, 873.
stéli, i. 873.
validus, i. 373.
Prevaspes, ii, 368.
PRIONACRIS, li. 242.
Prionacris, ii, 211.

compressa, 11, 242.
PRIONOLOPHA, il. 224.
Prionolupha, ii, 209.

—— serrata, i. 224,

serrata, il. 225.
Prisopi, ui. 368.

Prisovus, li. 376.

Prisopus, 11. 368.

berosus, 1. 376.
PrisTks, i. 411,

tuberosus, 1. 411.
Proco.pPta, ii. 223.
Procolpia, ii. 209.
emarginata, 11. 223.
PROCTOLABUS, li. 265.
Proctolabus, ii. 214, 222, 267, 283.
brachypterus, ii. 266.
— brachypterus, 11. 265.
gracilis, 11. 266.
gracilts, ii, 265.

—— mexicanus, 11. 265.
mexicanus, ii. 222, 266.
Prorachthes, ti. 212, 251, 264.
insignis, ii. 251.
Proscratea, 1. 103.
Prosoplecta, i. 75, 88.
Prosoplectiens, i. 75.
PROSPHENA, li. 2U8.

Prosphena, ii. 200.
scudderi, ii. 208.
Prosthacusta, 1. 241.
mexicana, 1. 241.
PRostTHACUSTES, i. 241.
Prosthacustes, i. 244.
mexicanug, i. 241.
DPsalidophora, i. 7.
brunnetpennts, i. 7.
pygmea, i. 7.
Psatis, i. 4.

Psalis, i. 8.

americana, i. 4.
colombiana, i. 4.
gayathina, 1. 4.
gagatina, i. 4.
thoracica, i. 4.
PseuDAcANTHOPS, i, 182.
Pseudacanthops, i. 181.
celebs, i. 182.
Pseudectobia, i. 16.
PsEUDISCHNUPTERA, 1. 34,
Pseudischnoptera, i. 31.
lineata, i. 34.
Pseudoderopeltis, i. 70.
PsEUDOMIOPTERYX, i. 163.
Pseudomiopteryx, i. 129, 162.
bogotensis, i. 164.
— boyotensis, i. 1€3.
—— infuscata, i. 163.
—— infuscata, i. 164.
spinifrons, 1. 163.
Psewlomops,i. 31.

laticornts, i. 82.
PsEUDOPHASMA, li. 873.
Pseudophasma, ii, 368.
eryptochloris, ii. 370,
-—— (?) phaéton, ii. 373.
Pseudophylhde, i. 403.
PsEUDOPHYLLINA, 1. 403.
PSEUDOPHYLLODROMIA, i. 46,
Pseudophyllodromia, i. 81.
maximiliani, i. 47.

maatmiliant, i. 46.
——— venosa, 1. 47.

venosa, i. 46.
Pseudostauronotus, ii. 99, 100.
-—— borellir, ii. 100.

—— brunneri, 11. 100.
conspersus, ii. 100.
pictus, ii. 100.
Pseudotrimerotropis, ii. 179,
Pseudovates, i. 190, 194.
longicollis, 1. 195.
pectinicornis, 1. 197.
Pseudoxyops, 1. 185.
PsILOTETTIX, li. 276.

INDEX.

Psilotettix, ii, 216.

obesus, li. 276.
Psinipia, ii. 178.

Psinidia, 11.117, 178.

capito, li. 177.
fenestralis, ii. 178.

—— fuscifrons, ii. 177.

, var. tevana, ii. 177.

—— murmorata, li. 167.
—— mevicana, ii. 175.
suleifrons, var. amplicornis, i.
178.
PsoLorssa, ii. 104,
Psolvessa, ii. 33.
—— buddiana, ii. 104.
coluradensis, ii. 106.
—— ferruginea, ii. 105.
ferruginea, ii. 104.
maculipennis, i. 104.
—— texana, il. 104.
PreRINOXYLUS, ii. 365.
Pterinoxylus, ii, 355.
difformipes, 11. 865,
spinulosus, ii. 365.
Pterochroza, i. 404.
Pterochroze, i, 449.
PTEROCHROZITES, i. 449.
Pterotettix, ii. 6.
Pycnoscelus obscurus, 1. 90.

Pyyidierana saussure?, i. 3.
PYGIRHYNCHINA, 11. 365,
Pyyirhynchine, ii. 343.
PYGIRHYNCHETS, il. 366.
Pygirhynchus, ui. 365.
capreolus, ii. 366.
guerini, li, 358.
subfoliatus, 11. 366.
PyRAGRA, i. 3.

—— chontalia, 1. 4.
saussurel, i. 3.
PyragocoryPua, i. 386.
—— hamata, i. 387.

—— hamata, i. 386.

——— inermis, i. 387.

—— inermis, 1. 386.
—— rogersi, 1. 387.
—— rogersi, i. 386.
—— sallei, i. 386.

——- sallet, i, 387.

—— uncinata, i. 387.
—— uncinata, i. 386.
PYRGOMORPHA, li. 202.
Pyrgomor pha, ii, 199.
brevicornis, ii. 35.
dispar, ii. 202.
punctipennts, il. 36.
PYRGOMORPHINA, ii. 199.

Pyrgomorphina, ii. 2.

Rummatocerus, ii. 99.
Ramona, ii. 186.
Ramona, ii. 118.
deserticola, ii. 187.
RuaBDOTETTIX, ii. 806.
Rhaubdotettix, ii, 219.
concinnus, ii. 306.
palmeri, ii. 307.
—— pilosus, ii. 307.
RHACHICREAGRA, li. 889.
Rhachicreagra, ii, 222, 341.
eeruginosa, ii. 340.
—— eruyinosa, ii. ?:39,
gracilis, ii. 340.
— gracilis, ii. 389.
nothra, ii. 339.
nothra, 11. 340.
pallipes, ii. 340.
pallipes, ii, 339.
RHADINOTATUM, ii. 34.
Rhadinotatum, ii. 26.
brevipenne, ii. 34.
Rhammatocerus mystecus, ii. G6.
occidentalis, ii. 68.
—— tepanecus, ii. 81.
viatorius, ii. 101.
Rhaphidophora, i. 249.
agassizit, i. 299.
stygia, i. 299.
RuIcnopa, i. 68.
Rhicnoda, i. 15, 59.
laminata, i. 69.
laminata, i. 68.

——- reflexa, i. 68.
rugosa, 1. 68.
spinulosa, 1. 68.
RHICNODERMA, il. 247.
Rhicnoderma, ii. 212, 248.
basalis, ii. 248.
basalts, 11. 249.
glabra, 11. 249.

—— glabra, ii. 248.

—— humilis, ii. 260. ©
—— humilis, ii, 248, 249.
—— olivacea, ii. 248.
pugnax, il. 249, 342.
pugnaz, ii. 248.
RHIPIPTERYX, i. 208.
Rhipipteryx, i. 202, 209.
atra, i. 210, 211,
biolleyi, i. 215.
brolleyz, i. 210.
brullei, i. 211.

—- bruillei, i. 209.

——- carbonaria, i. 211.

3 Huy 2

406

Rhipipteryx carbonaria, i, 209.
—— ctreumeincta, i, 213.

——— cyanipennis, i. 211.
cyanipennis, i, 209, 210, 212.
forceps, 1. 210.

Sorceps, i. 209.

Sraterna, i, 210, 214.

—— hydrodroma, i. 213.

—— hydrodroma, i. 210,

—— intermedia, i, 215.

limbata, i. 212.

lmbata, i. 210, 211, 218.
marginata, i, 213,

——— mexicana, i. 213.

mexicana, i, 210, 211, 212, 214.
peruviana, i. 216,

—— pulicaria, i. 215.

pulicaria, i. 210.

—— rivularia, i. 212.

— rivularia, i. 210.

— rufescens, i. 214.

—— saltator, i. 214.

—— scrofulosa, i. 215.

scrofulosa, 1. 210.

tricolor, i. 210, 214.
Rhomailea, ii, 230, 231, 238.
auricornis, ii. 237.

centurio, ii, 231.

—— colorata, ii. 238.

— gigantea, ii. 231.

mucroptera, ii. 230.
miles, 11. 239,
pedes, ii, 238.
— picticornis, ii, 234,
psittacus, ii. 239.
speciosa, li. 239.
trogon, ii. 239.
Rhombodera, i. 1238.
RuayYNCHACRIS, il. 356,
Rhynchacris, ii. 355.
ornata, 11. 356.
ornata, ii. 877.
RAYPAROBIA, i. 89.
Rhyparobia, i. 88.
madere, i. 89.
RuyYTIDOCHROTA, ii. 337.
Rhytidochrota, ii, 222, 338.
antennata, ii. 338.
brunneri, li. 339.
——— brunneri, ii. 338.
ensicornis, ii. 3388.
sellata, ii. 338.
turgida, ii. 339.
turgida, ii, 338.
varicolor, ii. 388.
Romalea, ii. 230,
centurro, ii, 231,

INDEX.

Romalea marci, ii. 230.
microptera, ii. 230.
—— pedes, ii. 238.
psittacus, ii. 239.
trogon, ii, 239.
Rutidoderes centurio, ii. 236.
dux, ii. 240.

miles, ii, 239,

SAGEPHORUS, i. 406.
spinosus, i. 406.
S7APHURA, 1. 333.
bicolor, i. 333.
Scaphure, i. 333.
SCAPHURITES, i. 333.
ScAPTERISCUS, i. 200.
didactylus, i. 200.
mexicanus, i. 200.
variegatus, i. 201.
Scart, ii. 19.

Scaria, ii. 6.

hamata, ii. 19.
Scelimene, i. 209.
ScHISTOCERCA, il. 294.
Schistocerca, ii. 216, 295.
albolineata, ii. 297.
—— alutacea, ii. 296.
—— americana, ii. 298,
aurantia, ii. 295,
bogotensis, ii. 296,
camerata, 11, 295.
——— carinata, i. 295.
columbina, ii. 295.
—— crocotaria, 11. 295.
damnifica, ii. 299.
flavofasciata, ii. 296.
eulosa, ii. 296.
inscripta, ii. 296,
lineata, ii. 297.
malachitica, ii. 297.
—— maya, ii. 296,
—— mellea, ii, 295.
mexicana, ii. 297.
obliquata, ii. 297.
—— obscura, ii. 297.
—— pallens, ii. 298,
peregrina, ii. 297,
-—— piceifrons, ii. 298.
—— pyramidata, il. 296,
rubiginosa, ii. 296.
separata, ii. 297.
shoshone, ii. 297.
simulatrix, ii. 296.
sonorensis, ii. 296.
—— vaga, il. 295.

—— venusta, ii. 297.

Schistocerca vittifrons, ii. 298.
zapoteca, ii. 295.
Schizodactylus, i. 304.
Schizopilia, i. 89, 103.
ScH@NOBATES, i. 292.

—— apterus, i, 293.

—— mexicanus, i. 293.
saltator, i. 294.

saltator, i, 293.
Scirretica, il. 166.
Scirtetica, ii, 116.
marmorata, ii. 167.
marmorata, ii. 166.
—— occidentalis, ii. 167.
occidentalis, ii. 164, 166.
Scolocephalus, 11. 250.
mirabilis, ii. 89, 250.
Scopiorus, 1. 442,
Scoptorus, i. 445.

brevifolius, i. 444.
brevifolius, 1. 442.
carinulatus, i. 443.
carinulatus, 1. 442.
lancifolius, 1. 444.

—— lancifolius, i. 442.

—— latifolius, i. 442.

—— mucronatus, i, 4438.
—— mucronatus, i. 442.
—— muticus, i, 444,

-—— muticus, i, 442.
nigridens, i. 442.

—— nigridens, i. 444.
nigro-striolatus, 1. 444.
—— nigro-striolatus, i. 442.
reticulatus, i. 444.

—— reticulatus, i. 442.
sutorius, i. 445.
sutorius, i, 442.
ScupDDERIA, i. 327.
Scudderia, 1, 826.
angustifolia, i. 332.
angustifolia, i. 328, 329.
curvicauda, i. 33].
curvicauda, i. 328, 329.
—— forcipata, i. 332.
Sorcipata, 1. 327, 328, 329,
furcata, i. 331.

FSurcata, 1. 328, 329, 332.
furculata, i. 331.

—— furculata, i. 328, 329, 330.
laticauda, i. 330.
laticauda, i. 828, 329.
—— parone, i. 330.

parone, i. 328, 329.
—— pistillata, i. 332,

—— pistillata, i. 328, 329,
texensis, i, 330.

Scudderia terensis, 1. 328, 329.
Scudderia, i. 327.
ScuDDERIITES, 1. 327.
Scyllina, ii. 99.

brasiliensis, ii. 100.
gregaria, ii, 100.
peragrans, ii. 99, 100.
—— pratensis, 11. 109.
viatoria, ii. 101.
Seylline, ii. 32.
SEMILEPTOTETTIX, 1. 440.
pilosus, i. 440.
viridifrons, i. 440.
Sermyle guatemala, ii. 353.
—— phalangiphora, ii. 353.
physconia, ii. 353.
SETosa, ll. 367.

Setosa, ii. 366.

versicolor, ii. 367.
versicolor, ii. 377.
SILVITETTIX, il. 55.
communis, ii, 56,
Srnaoa, ii. 308.

Senaloa, ii. 218, 219, 309.
behrensi, ii. 309.
brevispinis, ii. 311.
Srsan‘ruM, li. 69.
Sisantum, ii. 30.
notochloris, ii. 69.
SITALCES, ii, 291.

Sitalees, i. 216.

coxalis, ii. 292.
covalis, ii. 291, 293.
infuseatus, li. 291,
nudus, ii. 291.
ovatipennis, ii, 292.
ovatipennis, ii. 291, 293,
—— punctifrons, ii. 292.
punctifrons, ii. 291, 293.
robustus, ii. 291.

sp., li. 298.

trinitatis, 11. 292.
trinitatis, ii. 291, 298.
varipennis, ii. 291.
vittiventris, 11. 291.
volvemt, il. 291.
SpaNIonyx, i. 177.
Spaniony.x, i. 180, 162, 178.
bicornis, i. 177.
bicornis, i. 178.

- bidens, i. 177.
Sparatta, i. 5.

—— nigrina, i. 5.

—— pelvimetra, var. rufina, i. 6.

plana, 1. 6.
rufina, i. 6.
schotti, i. 6.”

INDEX.

SPHARAGEMON, il. 164.
Spharagemon, ii. 116, i61, 163.
zquale, 11. 165.
-—— balteatum, i. 165,
—— bolli, ii. 165.

bollt, ii. 164, 170.
collare, i1. 166.
collare, ii, 166.
cristatum, ii. 166.
cristatum, li. 165,
inornatum, 1. 165.
inornatum, ii. 164.
robustum, li. 165.
robustum, ii, 164.
tevense, 11. 166.
venustum, ii. 168,
SPHENARIUM, ii, 203.
Sphenarium, ii. 199, 200, 204,
affine, ii. 207.
barretti, ii, 206.
barretti, ii. 204.
bolivari, ii. 205.
bolivari, ii, 203.
—— borrei, 11. 206.
borret, 11. 204, 207.
—— carinatum, ii. 204.
cartnatum, li, 203.
—— histrio, 204.

—— histrio, ii. 203, 205.
tctericum, ii. 205.
marginatum, ii. 205.
marginatum, ii. 204,
—— mexicanum, ii. 205.

Beeeeee

—— mexicanum, li. 203, 206, 207.

—— minimum, ii. 207.
minimum, ii. 204.
planum, ii. 207.

~—-—— planum, ii, 204.
purpurascens, ii, 206.

——— purpurascens, ii. 204, 207.

rugosum, ii. 206.
rugosum, ii. 204,
Sphinconotus, 11. 187.
SPHINGOLABIS, i. 11.
Sphingolabis, i, 12.
arachidis, i. 12.
californica, 1. 12.
—— furcifera, i. 12.
—— teniata, i. 12.
SPHINGONOTUs, ii. 187.
Sphingonotus, ii. 118.
cerulansg, ii. 188.
cerulans, ii. 187.
haitensis, ii, 188.
haitensis, ii, 187.
jamaicensis, ii. 188,

—— jamaicensis, ii. 187.

407

Sphodropoda, i, 147,
Spongiphora, i. 7.
SPONGOPHORA, i. 7.

brunneipennis, i. 7.
parallela, i. 7.
pygmeea, i. 7.
rogersi, i. 8,

STAGMATOPTERA, i. 185.
Stag matoptera, i. 139, 147, 151, 183,
184, 188, 189.

acutipennis, i. 186.
annulata, i. 187.
annulata, i. 186.
brocellata, i. 185, 186.
bioculata, i. 187.
birivia, i. 186.
diluta, i. 189.
femoralis, i. 187.

Semoralis, i. 186.
Sreyt, i. 186.

hyaloptera, i. 186.
pavonina, i. 185.
perpulehra, i. 185.

pia, i. 187.

pila, i. 186,
prediatoria, i. 186, 187.
sancta, 1. 186.
septentrionalis, i. 186.
septentrionalis, i. 187.

» Var. minor, i. 187,
supplicaria, 1. 185, 186.
unypunctata, i. 188.

STAGMOMANTIS, i. 139.
Stagmomantis, i. 127, 128, 144, 147,
148, 151.

androgyna, i. 147.

androgyna, i. 142.

carolina, i. 143.

carolina, i. 140, 141, 142, 144.
ceerulans, i. 145.

cerulans, i. 139, 140, 141, 142,

147.

dimidiata, i. 144.
dimidiata, i. 139, 140, 141, 142,

145, 146, 147.

——

domingensis, 1, 146.
domingensis, 1. 159, 141, 142.
fraterna, i. 144.

fraterna, i. 139, 141, 142, 145,
heterogamia, i. 142.
heteroyamia, i. 140.

latipennis, i. 146,

limbata, i. 146,

limbata, i. 141, 142, 147.

—— maya, i, 145.

maya, i. 141, 142.
montana, i. 146,

408

Stagmomantis montana, i. 141,142,147.

nahua, i. 142.
nahua, i. 140, 141, 143.
tolteca, 1. 143.

145, 147.
——— venusta, i. 145.
—— venusta, i. 141, 142.
——- vicina, i. 142.
vicina, 1. 140, 141.
Stauronotus, ii. 110.
elliot ti, ii. 111.
Stegastris, i, 251.
Stetrodon, i. 370.
quadratum, i. 369.
Steirodonopsis, 1. 373.
-— bilobata, i. 373.
Stetrodontia, i. 367.
STEIRODONTITES, i. 367.
Stenacrts, 1. 254.
chlorizans, ii. 256.
STENAPHONUS, 1. 282.
Stenaphonus, 1. 256, 283.
macilentus, 1. 282.
STENOBOTHRUS, ii. 91.
Stenobothrus, 11. 32, 42, 52, 58, 70, 71,

74, 89, 90, 99.
admirabilis, it. 44.
—— equals, ii. 79.
—— arctatus, ii. 79.
—— bilineatus, ii. 79.

—— charpenterii, 11. 93.
—— coloradensis, ii. 92.
—— coloradus, ii. 58.
—— curtipennis, ii. 91.
decisus, ii, 78.

—— gracilis, ii. 79.
—— letus, ii. 72.

—— longipennis, ii. 92.
—— maculipennis, 11. 79.

—— mexicanus, ii, 78.
—— mysteeus, 11. 66, 67.
—— nobilis, 11. 102.
ohiona, ii. 144.
—— occidentalis, 11. 68.
—— oceipitalis, ii. 71.
—— olivaceus, ii. 78.
pelidnus, ii. 79.
—— propinquans, 11. 79.

punctulatus, ii. 86.
—— quadrimaculatus, ii, 72
spectosus, ii. 79.
tepanecus, ii. 81.
eratorius, il. 101.
viridis, ii. 86.
viridissimus, ii. 78.

Stenogrylius, i. 199.

tolteca, i. 189, 140, 141, 142,

INDEX.

Stenopelmati, i. 285.
STENOPELMATINA, i. 285.
STENOPELMATITES, 1. 286.
STENOPELMATUS, 1. 286.
ater, i. 291.

—— ater, i. 287.

— calearatus, i. 289.
—— calearatus, i. 287.
—— californicus, 1. 289.

—— californicus, 1. 287.
—— comanchus, i. 290.
—— comanchus, i, 287.
—— guatemala, i. 290.
—— guatemale, i. 287.
—— histrio, i. 290.
histrio, i. 287, 288, 289.
——— hydrocephalus, i. 299.
—— hydrocephalus, i. 287.
-—— irregularis, i. 289.
trregularis, i, 287.
lessone, i. 288.
lessoneé, 1. 286.
longispina, i. 289.
longispina, i. 286.
—— mexicanus, i. 288.
minor, 1. 291.

minor, i. 287.

nieti, i. 291.

—— nieti, i. 287.

—— sallei, i. 291.

—— sallet, i. 288.

—— sartorianus, i. 292.

—— sartorianus, i. 288, 291.
sumichrasti, i. 288.
sumichrastt, i. 286.
—— talpa, i. 288.

—— talpa, i. 286, 289.
vicinus, i. 290.

vicinus, i. 287.
Stenophylla, i. 184.
STENOPOLA, ii. 260.
Stenopola, ii. 218, 261.
limbatipennis, ii. 261.
xanthochlora, ii. 261.
STENOTETTIX, i. 431.
macilentus, i. 431.
Sticthippus, ii. 144, 147.
californicus, 11. 154.
STILPNOCHLORA, 1. 367.
Stilpnochlora, i. 356.

-—— azteca, i. 369.

azteca, i. 368.

incisa, i. 369.

-——— incisa, i. 368.

—— marginella, 1. 368.
— ovalifolia, i. 369.
—- ovalifolia, i. 368.

Stilpnochlora tolteea, i. 368.
tolteca, 1. 369.
STIRAPLEURA, ii. 105.
Stirupleura, ii, 33, 104.
brachyptera, ii. 108.
brachyptera, ii. 105.
—— decussata, ii. 106.
—— decussata, ii. 105.
—— meridionalis, ii. 107.
—— meridionalis, ii. 106,
—— mescalero, ii. 108.
—— mescalero, ii. 106.
ornata, 11. 106.
ornata, li. 105.
pusilla, 1. 106.
pusilla, ii. 105.
salina, ii. 107.

—— salina, ii. 106.
tenuicarina, 11. 108.
tenuicarina, ii. 106.
ter'ana, ii, 104.
STRATOCLES, ii. 370,
Stratocles, i. 308.
cinctipes, ii. 370.
——- costaricensis, ii, 370.
— (?) eryptochloris, ii. 370,
forcipatus, 11, 870.
multilineatus, 11, 370.
soror, 11. 370.
STYLOPYGA, i. 73.
Stylopyga, 1. 70.

orientalis, i. 73.
SYLETRIA, ii. 289,
Syletria, ii. 216.

——- angulata, 11. 289.
SYNTECHNA, 1. 366.
olivaceo-viridis, i. 366,
tarasca, i. 366.
SYRBULA, ii. 42.

Syrbula, li. 27.

acuticornis, ii. 46.
—— acuticornis, ii. 43, 44.
—— admirabilis, ii. 44.
—— admirabilis, ii. 43.
—— eslave, ii. 45.

——- eslave, ii. 44.
fuscovittata, i. 45.
—— fuscovittata, ii. 43, 44.
— leucocera, ii. 48, 44.
—— modesta, 11. 46.

—— modesta, ii, 43, 44.
—— montezuma, 11. 45,
—— montezuma, i. 43, 44.
—— pacifica, ii. 44.
pacrfica, ii. 43.
robusta, il. 46.
robusta, il. 43.

Syrbula valida, ii. 45.
valida, ii. 48.

T ©NIOPHORA, ii. 244.
Teniophora, ii. 211, 245.
carinipes, il. 246.

carinipes, ii. 245.
dentipes, 11. 245.
femorata, ii. 245,
Semorata, ii, 246.

; ya
—— megacephala, 1. 246.

—— megacephaia, ii. 245.
—— pulchripes, ii. 245.
—— unistrigata, 11. 247.
——- unistrigata, li. 245.
T@NIOPODA, li. 231.
Teniopoda, ii. 210, 232, 237.
auranted, li. 238,

auricornis, li. 237.

aurtcornis, li. 238.
bicristata, ii. 236.
bicristata, ii. 233.
burmeisteri, ii. 233,
—— burmeistert, il. 282.
—— centurio, ii, 236,
—— centurio, li, 233, 234.

citricornis, ii. 234.
citricornis, li, 232, 237.
flavida, ii, 237.

—— vgutturosa, 11. 235.

—— yutturosa, ii. 233.

—— maxima, 11. 235.
—— maxima, ii. 233.
—— vhbscura, li. 235.
obscura, i. 233, 236.
picticornis, i1. 234.

picticornis, il, 282, 258.
pulchella, 11, 237,

—— puichella, ii, 233.

stali, 1. 254.

st€lr, ii. 232.

superba, 11. 235.

-—— superba, ii. 231, 233.
tamaulipensis, 11. 234.

tamaulipensis, 11. 232.

varipennis, li. 237

varipennis, li, 23%.
Tenophaus, ii. 222, 332
TANAOCERUS, li. 191.

koebelei, ii. 192.

Tanusia, i. 449.

Tanusia, i. 451.

hoegei, i. 450.

mericant, 1. 450,

ochracea, i. 450.

“‘Taxiarchus septentrionalis, ii. 342.
TEICOPHRYS, ii. 20.

INDEX.

Teicophrys, ii. 19.
fusiformis, ii. 21.

TEINOPHAUDS, li. 332.

saussurei, ii. 332.
TELEUTIAS, 1. 440,
castaneus, i. 440.
Telmatettix, ii. 11, 14.
TEMNOPTERYX, 1. 50.
Temnopteryz, i. 31.
brevipennis, i. 54.
brevipennis, i. 51, 52.
fissa, 1. 54,

fissa, i. 51, 52.

—— guatemala, i. 53.
—— guatemale, i. 51, 62.
kaupiana, i. 52.
kaupiana, i, 50, 51, 53.
—— limbata, i. 53.
lumbata, i. 51, 62.
—— major, i. 54.

—— major, i. 51, 52.
—— nitida, i. 53.

—— nitida, i. 50, 51, 52.
—— otomia, i, 52.

—— otomia, i. 50, 51.
—— sumichrasti, i. 53.
—— sumichrasti, i. 51, 52.
tarasca, i. 52.
tarasca, 1. 50, 51, 53.
texensis, 1. 52.

—— texensts, i. 50, 51.
TENERELLA, ii. 371.
Tenerella, ii. 368.
tenerrima, li. 371.
tenerrima, ii. 377.
TETANOPUS, i. 406.
nitidus, i. 406.
Tetragonomera, i. 408.
TETRATANIA, li. 263.
Tetratenia, ii, 218.
surinama, ii, 263.
Tetrix, li. 10.

TETTIGIA, i. 9.

Tettiyia, il. 6.
TETTIGIDEA, il. 15.
Tettigidea, ii, 4, 6, 11, 14, 17.
bruneri, ii. 16.
brunert, U1. 1d.

—— chichimeca, ii. 16.
chichimeca, ii. 15.
guatemalteca, il. 18.
—— guatemalteca, ii. 15, 17.
—— lateralis, ii. 18.
nicarague, il. 16,
nicarague, ii. 15, 17,
nigra, li. 18.

nigra, ii. 15.

409

Tettigidea parvula, ii. 17.
—— parvula, ii, 15.
—— plagiata, ii. 17.
plagiata, ii. 15.
polymorpha, il. 18.

prorsa, li. 18,
tecta, ii. 17.

—— tecta, ii. 15, 18.
TETTIGINA, i. 3.
Tettigine, i. 2.
TETTIX, ti. 10.

Tettix, i. 208; ii. 5, 11.
aztecus, il. 14.
—— chichimecus, ii. 16.
—— convexus, li, 10.

—— mexicanus, ii. 12.

—— (P) tectus, ii. 10.

toltecus, il. 12.

THAMNOBATHS, i. 436.

subfalcata, 1. 437.

THAMNOSCIRTUS, 1. 239.

—— cicindelvides, i. 239.

—— cicindeloides, i. 240.

—— montanus, 1. 240.

viridicatus, i. 240.

THEGANOPLERYX, i. 16.

Theganopteryx, i. 15, 18.

(Pseudectobia) antiguensis,

i. 17.

antignuensis, i. 16.

fallax, i. 16.

—— fallax, i. 18.

— (Pseudectobia) intermedia,
i, 18.

intermedia, i. 16, 18.

pilosella, i. 17.

— pilosella, i. 16.

—— (Vseudectobia) subpectinata,
i. 17,

subpectinata, i. 16.

THEOCLYTES, i. 190.

Theoclytes, i. 183, 184, 192, 194, 196,
197.

—— aimazonicus, i. 197.

— azteca, i. 191.

-—— chlorophea, i. 191.

— chlorophea, i. 192, 193.

, var. cornuta, i. 191.
cingulata, i. 192.
cingulata, i. 191, 193.
—— iheringi, i. 198.
theringe, 1. 191.
maya, i. 192.

metcana, i. 19],

parallela, 3.

i. i
—— parallela, i. 191, 192, 193,

—— maya, i. 191.

410

Theoclytes pectinicornis, i. 197.
spinicollis, i. 193.
apinicollis, 1.191.
stolli, i. 192.
stolli, 1. 191.
surinamensis, i. 193.
Theopompa, i. 159,
Thermastris, i. 8.
chontalia, i. 4.
Thespis, i. 155, 164.
conspersa, i. 164.
cubensis, i. 165.
infumata, i. 164.
—— infuscata, i. 155.
livida, i. 155.
—— purpurascens, i. 156.
—— 5-maculata, 1. 157.
selcatifrons, i. 155.
surinama, i. 169.
trifasciata, i. 158.
vicina, 1. 164.
THESPROTIA, i. 169.
Thesprotia, i. 130, 161, 162, 171, 175,
178.
—— filiformis, i. 170.
fuscipennis, 1. 171.
—— fuscipennis, i. 170.
—— macilenta, i. 170.
subhyalina, i. 170.
vidua, i. 170.
THRINACONYX, i. 178.
Thrinacony2, i. 130, 162, 180.
fumosus, i. 179.
kirschianus, i. 179.
Thrincus, ii. 196.
aridus, ii. 190.
californicus, ii. 190.
——— (?) maculatus, ii. 197.
THYRIPTILON, ii. 68.
Thyriptilon, ii. 30, 69.
vitripenne, ii. 69.
THYRSOCERA, i. 31.
Thyrsocera, i. 30, 38, 46, 47.
aurantiaca, i. 32.
cincta, i. 32.
communis, i. 31.
crinicornis, i. 33.
—— discicollis, i. 32.
dubia, i. 32.
—— gueriniana, i. 32.
laticornis, i. 32.
lineata, i. 34.
major, i. 31.
mexicana, i, 32.
—— nigra, i. 31.
oblongata, i. 32.
— sallet, 2. 82.

INDEX.

Thyrsocera tolteca, i. 82.
THysDRUS, i. 400.
infirmus, i. 402.
infirmus, i. 401.
mantispa, i. 401.
mexicanus, i. 402.
mericanus, i. 401.
tener, i. 402.
teres, i. 401.
virens, i. 401.
TITANACRIS, ii. 241.
Titanacris, ii. 211.
carinata, ii. 241.
velasquezi, ii. 241.
TITHRONE, i. 138.
Tithrone, i. 127.
roseipennis, i. 139.
ToOMEOPHERA, i. 348.
——- gladiatrix, i. 348.
ToMOoNOTUS, ii. i169.

| | |

Tomonotus, ii. 116, 119, 171.

aztecus, ii. 171.
aztecus, li. 169, 170.
carinatus, ti. 124.
ferruginosus, ii. 170.
mexicanus, 11. 170.
mexicanus, ii. 127,
nietanus, li. 126.
orizabe, 1. 171.
orizube@, ii. 170.
otomitus, ii, 138.
pseudonietanus, ii. 127.
sulphureus, ii. 184.

i ||

Beneeee

xanthopterus, ii. 124.
—— zimmermanni, ii. 136.
Tovaria, 1. 455.
TRACHYRHACHBIS, 1. 173.
Trachyrhachis, ii. 174, 185.
aspera, li. 174.

—— capito, ii. 177.

canto, 11. 175.
cinctipennis, ii. 174.
—— compacta, ii. 175.
compacta, ii. 174, 176,
coronata, ii. 175.
fuscifrons, ii. 177.
—— fuscifrons, ii. 175.
—— inconspicua, ii. 176.
inconspicua, ii. 174.
kiowa, 11. 174, 176.
mexicana, ii. 175.
—— mexicana, ii. 174, 176.
nevadensis, ii. 175.
obliterata, ii. 175.
— occidentalis, ii. 174.
—— plattei, ii. 175, 177.

avanthopterus, ii. 124.

Trachyrhachis pulchella, ii, 174.

rubripennis, ii. 177.

—— rubripennis, ii. 175.

—— texana, ii. 177.

—— terana, ii. 175.

—— thomasi, ii. 174, 176.

—— townsendi, ii. 176.

townsendt, 11. 174.
‘ragocephala, ii, 185, 137, 138.

—— brevipennis, ii. 136.

—— costalis, ii. 140.

—— cubensis, ii. 137.

—— infuscata, ii. 136.

—- pacifica, ii. 137.

—— radiata, ii, 136.

— sordida, ii. 139.

—— viridifasciata, ti. 195.

infuscata, ii. 136.

TREPIDULUS, ii. 184.

Trepidulus, ii. 118.

gracilipes, ii. 1865.

gracilipes, ii. 184.

—— hyalinus, ii. 185.

—— hyalinus, ii. 184.

—— rosaceus, 11. 185.

rosaceus, ii. 184.

Tribonidium, i. 89.

Tribonium, i. 101,

TrICHOTETTIX, i. 427.

pilosus, 1. 427.

Tridactylide, i, 201.

TRIDACTYLIN®, i. 201.

Tridactylites, i. 201.

TRIDACTYLUS, i. 202.

Tridactylus, i. 201, 203, 204, 208,
209.

apicalis, i. 204.

apicalts, i, 205, 206.

brunnert, i. 207.

~——— (Heteropus) denticulatus, i. 208.

—— denticulatus, i. 204.

fissipes, i. 205.

—— _fissipes, 1, 204, 206, 207.

histrio, 1. 204.

—— (Heteropus) histrio, i. 207.

—— (——) histrivnicus, i. 207.

—— histrionicus, i. 203, 204, 208.

—— incertus, i. 206.

—— incertus, 1. 204, 205.

—— mixtus, i. 206.

—— mirtus, 1. 204, 205, 207.

—— thoracicua, i. 207.

—— tibialis, i. 204.

variegatus, i. 202.

Trigonidiens, i, 232.

TRIGONIDINA, i. 232,

Trigonidine, i, 199,

Trigononymphus fuscus, 11. 301.
punctulatus, ii. 301.
TRIMEROTROPIS, li. 179,
Trimerotropis, ii. 114, 118, 130, 151,
157, 176, 180, 182, 190.
— equalis, ii. 165.
—— albescens, ii. 182.
albolineata, ii. 179.
—— aliciens, ii. 188.
—— bifasciata, ii. 182.
—— ceruleipennis, ii. 182.
—— cerulees, ii. 182.
—— californica, ii. 181.
-—— caliginosa, ii. 182.
—— eincta, li. 182.
— citrina, ii. 180.
—— collaris, ii. 182.
coguilletti, ii. 182.
cristata, li. 182.
cyanea, ii. 183.
cyaneipennis, ii. 182.
—— fascicula, ii. 180.
fascicula, ii, 157, 158, 182.
-—— hyalina, ii. 182.
—-— laticincta, li. 182.
——— melanoptera, ii. 181.
modesta, ii. 180, 182.
——~ monticola, ii. 179.
monticola, ii. 157, 158, 180.
—— nubila, ii. 183.
pactfica, ii. 182.
pallidipennis, ii. 181.
-— pallidipennis, ii. 182.
—— pistrinaria, ii. 181.
porrecta, ii. 182.
—— preclara, ii. 180.
—— rebellis, ii. 182.
-—— rubripes, ii. 183.
—— scheffert, ii. 183.
snow?, ii. 183.
tessellata, ii. 182.
—— texana, ii. 179.
—— thalassica, ii. 182.
tolteca, ii, 181.
——- townsendi, ii. 180.
—— variegata, ii. 183.
vinculata, ii. 182.
vinculata, ii. 176, 190.
TROPIDACRIS, ii. 240.
Tropidacris, ii. 211.
cardinalis, ii. 240.
—— cristata, 11. 241.
—— dux, ii. 240.
fabrictt, ii. 241,
-—— grandis, il, 241.
imperialis, ii. 240.
TROPIDOLOPHUS, ii. 161.

INDEX.

Tropidolophus, ii, 116.
formosus, ii. 161.
Tropidomantis, i. 154.
Tropidonotus, ii. 225.
rosulentus, ii, 225,
TROPINOTUS, ii. 225.
Tropinotus, ii, 209.
—— angulatus, ii. 225.
—— discoideus, ii. 225.
—— mexicanus, ii, 225.
——- obsoletus, ti. 228.
—— rosulentus, ii. 225.
-—— serratus, li. 225.
TRUXALIS, li. 35.
Trucxalis, ii. 34, 72, 85, 89, 202.
acridodes, ii. 35.
—— adspersa, ii. 36.
—— angusticornis, i. 86.
—— brevicornis, ii. 35,
brevicornis, ii. 69.
— notochlora, ii. 36.
—— pagana, ii. 73.
——- sanguinea, ii. 278.
—— sumichrasti, li. 34.
——- viridula, ii. 36.
TRYBLIOPHORUS, 1. 251.
Trybliophorus, ii. 212.
—— octomaculatus, ii. 251.
Trychopeplus multilobatus, ii. 356,
377.
spinoso-lobatus, ii. 354, 356,
377.
TRYXALINA, ii. 25,
Tryxaline, ii. 2, 3.
Tryzalis, ii. 34.
—— brevicornis, ii. 35.
—— brevipennis, i. 34.
—— notochloris, ii. 36.
viridis, ii. 86.
TURPILIA, i. 353.
—— mexicana, i, 356.
—— mexicana, i. 354.
—— oblongoculata, i. 354.
-—— ocularis, i. 354.
—-— ocularis, i. 855.
——- opaca, i. 356.
opaca, i, 364.
—— oridiops, i. 355.
——— oridiops, 1. 364.
rugulosa, i 355.
-—— rugulosa, i, 354.
-—— tenella, 1. 356.
tenella, i. 354.
Turpilie, i. 3538.
TURPILUTES, i, 353.
TYLOTETTIX, ii. 6.
Tylotettiv, ii, 5.

BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Orthopt., Vol. II., February 1909.

All

Tylotettix sinuatus, ii. 6.
TYPOPHYLLUM, i. 455.
Typophyllum, i. 404, 449.
flavifolium, i. 455.
—— trapeziforme, i. 465.
TYTTHOTYLE, ii. 196.
Tytthotyle, ii, 119.

—— maculata, ii. 197.

UDEoPSYLLA, i. 300.
Udeopsylla, i. 301, 302.
nigra, i. 800.
—— robusta, i. 800.

VATES, i. 194.

Vates, i. 183, 184, 190, 195.

amazonica, i. 197.

—— amazonica, 1. 194.

cnemidotus, i. 194, 196.

—— longicollis, i. 195.

longicollis, i, 194.

—— paraensis, 1. 195.

paraensis, i. 194.

—— pectinata, i. 196.

pectinata, i. 194, 195.

pectinicornis, i. 197.

—— pectinicornis, i. 194.

sphingicornis, i. 196.

subfoliata, i. 196.

subfoiiata, i. 194, 197.

—— tolteca, i. 194.

tolteca, i. 195, 196.

Vatide, i. 183,

VaTIN&, i. 183.

Vatine, i. 124.

Vestria, i. 381.

VILERNA, li. 284.

Vilerna, ii. 216, 285, 286, 287, 288,
333.

eeneo-oculata, ii. 285.

—— pygmea, ii. 285.

—— reducta, ii. 285.

Xanthippus, ii. 144, 147.
corallipes, 11. 154.

leprosus, i, 155.
neglectus, li. 157.
—— pardalinus, ii. 155.
toltecus, ii. 156.
zapotecus, li. 154.
XERA, li. 375.
Aera, ii, 369.
debilis, ii. 375.
debilis, ii, 377.

3 It

412

XEROPTERYX, i. 405,
fumosa, i, 405.
XEROSOMA, ii. 375.
Xerosoma, ii. 869.

vignieri, ii. 375.
XESTOPTERA, i. 448.
cincta, i. 448.
cornea, i. 448.
Aiphicera, ii. 228, 224.
caternaulti, ii, 224,
—— emarginata, 11. 228,
erythrogaster, ii. 263.
octolunata, ii, 224,

—— pygmea, ii. 285.
tricristata, ii. 224,
Aiphidiint, i. 395.
XIPHIDIITES, i. 395.
XIPHIDIUM, i. 395.
Aiphidium, i. 396, 403.
agile, i. 397.

—— agile, i. 396.

-—— angustifrons, i. 400.
angustifrons, i. 397.
brevipenne, i. 399.
brevipenne, i. 397.
cuticulare, i. 898.
—— cuticulare, i. 396.
—— ensiferum, i. 400.
—— ensiferum, i. 397.
fasciatum, i. 398.

glyptomerion, ii. 375.

octomaculata, ii. 224.

INDEX.

Aiphidium fasciatum, i. 396, 899.

glaberrimum, i. 397
—— glaberrimum, i, 396.
——- ictum, i. 400.

—— ictum, i. 397.

—— inerme, i. 397.
mnerme, i. 396.
—— mexicanum, i. 400.
mexicanum, i, 397.
nigripes, 1. 398.
migripes, i, 396.
nitidum, i. 398.
nitidum, i, 396.
propinquum, i. 400.
propinguum, i. 397.
resinum, 1. 398.
resinum, i, 896.
saltator, 1. 599.
saltator, i. 396, 398.
—— strictum, i. 899.
strictum, i. 396.
— teniatum, i. 399.
—— teniatum, i. 397.
unispina, 1. 398.
unispina, 1. 896.
Xiphocera, ii. 228.
emarginata, ii. 223,
inclarata, ii, 223.
serrata, ii, 225,
Xya, i, 202, 203.
apicalis, i. 204.
—— limbata, i, 212,

Aya mixta, i. 206.
—— notata, i. 211.
XYRONOTUS, ii. 202.
Ayronotus, ii, 200.
aztecus, ii. 203.

YERSINIA, i. 153.
Yersinia, i. 128, 154.
mexicana, i, 153.

ZAPATA, ii. 103.
Zapata, ii. 33, 112.
brevipennis, ii. 103.
brevipennis, ii, 111.
ZETOBORA, i. 102.
Zetobora, i. 89, 103.
—-—— conspersa, i. 101.
conspurcata, i. 101.
—— maximiliani, i. 102.
peruana, i. 102,
sublobata, i. 102.
Zétvboriens, i. 88.
Zoniopoda, ii. 333.
ZoouEa, 1. 190.

Zoolea, i, 184, 194.
lobipes, i. 190.
macroptera, i. 190.
ZOSPERAMERUS, ii. 274.
Zosperamerus, ii, 214.
nicarague, ii. 275.
zonatipes, ii. 274.
zonatipes, li, 278,

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

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