BIOLOGIA. CENTRALLAMERICANA; CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE FAUNA AND FLORA MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. EDITED BY | F, DUCANE GODMAN AND OSBERT SALVIN, BOTANY, VOL. IV. er BY W.' BOTTING HEMSLEY, A.LS., HON. MEM. NAT. HIST. SOC. MEX. ; ASSISTANT FOR INDIA AT THE HERBARIUM OF THE BOYAL GARDENS, KEW ; AUTHOR OF THE ¢ ‘ BOTANY OF THE ‘ CHALLENGER” EXPEDITION,’ ? &e. LO ip a HIG EK CNV 2097) LONDON: Nos & ae PUBLISHED FOR THE EDITORS BY ™ R. H. PORTER, 10 CHANDOS STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE, W., DULAU & CO., SOHO SQUARE, W. 1886-1888. Rae ALERE FLAMMAM, PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV. Page ‘SuPPLEMENTUM : additamenta, emendata et corrigenda :— Vol TO. . ee, 1-46 Vol We. wk. 46-82 Vol. WN, 2 ww ee 8 2+95 Cozumel Island, enumeration of a small collection of plants made in 1885 by Mr. G. F. Gaumer 2 ww ww ee ee 96-110 A list of plants from Holbox, Mugeres, Cozumel, and Ruatan Islands, off the coasts of Yucatan and Honduras, collected by Mr. G. F. Gaumer in 1886. . . . . . . 111-114 Costa-Rican Ferns. 2. 2. 2... ww ee ee ee ee ee we ee ee 15-116 APPENDIX: Preliminary remarks . 2. 2... . . www ee ee ln 117 .A sketch of the history of the botanical exploration of Mexico and Central America. 118-137 Outlines of the geography and the prominent features of the Flora of Mexico and Central America . ©. 1 ww 1 1 ww ee ee ee ee 188-167 Summary and analysis of the Flora. . 2. 2... . 1 ww ee ee se 168-222 Relationships with the Floras of other regions . . . . . 1. ww wee 2238-235 Further details of the distribution of some of the more prominent natural Orders . 235-282 A specimen of the mountain Flora of South Mexico and Central America . . . . 282-299 Altitudinal distribution of Orchids in South Mexico, and the dominating features of the general vegetation . ©. 2. 2. 2. 1 1 ww eee ee ee. . 800-805 Recapitulation of the dominant features of the Flora of Mexico and Central America, and remarks on its probable derivation. . . . . . . . . . . 806-815 Bibliography . . . . . 2. 1 we - 316-332 Inpex, Vols. I-IV. 2... ee ee ee ee ee ee ees 883-498 BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. #€ BOTANICA. SUPPLEMENTUM. ADDITAMENTA, EMENDATA ET CORRIGEND Af. RANUNCULACEZ. [i. p. 1.] CLEMATIS. Kunze (‘‘ Monographie der Gattung Clematis,” in Verhandl. Bot. Vereins Brandenb. Xxvi. pp. 83-202) reduces the forms included in our enumeration to four species, and this is perhaps the best way of dealing with them. Thus C dioica, Linn., includes C. acapulcensis, Hook. et Arn., C. americana, Mill. C. caripensis, H. B. K., C. caraca- sana, DC., C. drummondiit, Torr. et Gray, C. flammulastrum, Griseb., C. grahami, Benth., C. grossa, Benth., C. moginiana, Don., C. nervata, Benth., C. polycephala, Bert., C. pubescens, Benth., and C. sericea, H. B. K.; C. paucifiora, Nutt., is reduced to C. lasiantha, Nutt., a common Californian species; C. filifera, Benth., and C. pitcheri, Torr. & Gr., are referred to C. simsi, Sweet (C. cordata, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1816), a species ranging from Mississippi State to Mexico; finally, C. reticulata, Walt., is reduced to C. viorna, Linn., which, as circumscribed by Kunze, has a wide range in Eastern North America, and also occurs in Amur-land. [i p.2.] 11*. Clematis pitcheri, Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am.i.p. 10; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 317. Iuuinois to Trxas.—Norra Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer) ; Sours Mexico, Guanajuato (Duges). | Watson regards C. filifera, Benth., as a synonym of this. + This does not profess to be complete, but is intended to include as nearly as possible all the new facts bearing upon the distribution of the plants of Mexico and Central America. There is a very considerable number of new species from North Mexico, as well as an extension of the range into Mexico of many addi- tional Texan and New Mexican species. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., February 1886. : b fe 2 . SUPPLEMENT. fi. p. 3.] THALICTRUM. A Monograph of this genus by J. C. Lecoyer has lately appeared (Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxiv. 1885, pp. 78-824, tt. 1-5), and the author describes three proposed new species from within our limits. Altogether he admits sixty-nine species, which he classifies in two ranks according to their degree of distinctness, designating them primary and secondary species. Out of the sixty-nine species retained by Lecoyer, thirty-three are peculiar to Asia, five to Europe, one to Africa, and twenty to America. The Mexican and Central-American species enumerated in this Monograph follow, the primary species being preceded by a star :— *T. hernandezi, Tausch., 7. lanatum, Lec., n. sp. (South Mexico), T. peltatum, DC.. (Costa Rica), *7'. pubdigerum, Benth., *7. longistylum, DC., *2. galeotti, Lec., n. sp. (South Mexico), 7. gibbosum, Lec., n. sp. (South Mexico), *Z. wrightii, A. Gr., T. fendleri, Engelm. Including his new species, Lecoyer records only nine, against our eleven, species. On the evidence of collectors’ numbers alone, he declares (loc. cit. p. 319) our 7. séri- gillosum to be a mixture of T. pubigerum and T. hernandezii. The former is a very distinct species, of which we have examined the type specimen; and as to the latter, of which we have seen no authenticated specimens, if correctly described, it is quite different from ours. | [i. p. 4.] 10. Thalictrum strigillosum, Hemsl. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3299). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 6.] 5. Ranunculus dichotomus, Mog. et Sessé. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3304, 3305). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 6.] 6*. Ranunculus galeotti, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxvii. 2, p. 276. MExIco (Galeotti, 4567). Most likely &. hookeri, to which the number cited of Galeotti’s collection is referred in the Kew Herbarium. [i. p. 6.] 7. Ranunculus geoides, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 317. Nort Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 6.] 8. Ranunculus hookeri, Schl. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 3301, 3302). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 8.] 1*. Aquilegia longissima, A. Gr. in herb. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 317. NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 10). Hb. Kew. | RANUNCULACE. 3 [i. p. 9.] 1*. Delphinium azureum, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 314; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 32; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. Canapa southward.—Nort# Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 11). Hb. Kew. [i p. 9.] 3. Delphinium leptophyllum, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. | Norto Mexico, San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner): Souta Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). MENISPERMACE 2. [i. p. 21.] Cissampelos heterophylla, DC. ; Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 145. Sout Mzxico, San Blas (Thibaud, ex DC.)—Jamatca ; Trinrpap (ex Miers). [i. p. 22.] Cissampelos tomentosa, DC. ; Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 152. Cupa; Jamaica (ex Miers). 1*, CLAMBUS. Clambus, Miers in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xviii. p. 16, et Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 233; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 962. A Mexican monotype. 1. Clambus araneosus, Miers, Contrib. Bot. iii. p. 234. Mexico (Pavon). BERBERIDE~. [i. p. 23.] 9. Berberis gracilis, Hartw. var.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. Norra Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 711), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 8). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 23.] 1k. Berberis ilicina, Hemsl. (Mahonia iicina, Schl.),=13. B. Bae, Hartw. ex Schl. ipse in Bot. Zeit. xii. p. 69. [i. p. 23.] Mahonia trifolia, Ch. et Schl.,=16. Berberis schiedeana, Schl. fi. p. 24.] 16. Berberis schiedeana, Schl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. Mahonia trifolia, Ch. et Schl. : Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, forty miles south of Saltillo (Palmer, 14). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 24.] 18. Berberis trifoliolata, Moric.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. Nort Mexico, in the same locality as B. schiedeana, and also at Lerios forty-five miles east of Saltillo (Palmer, 10, 16). Hb. Kew. «68 4 SUPPLEMENT. NYMPH AACE. [i. p. 25.] 1. Nymphea ampla, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVii. p. 318. Nortu Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila, and at Monclova (Palmer, 17, 18). Hb. Kew. PAPAVERACE. [i. p. 26.] 1. Argemone fruticosa, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii, p. 318. Norrn Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 21). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 27.] 3. Argemone hispida, A. Gr.,= =A. platyceras, Link et Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort. Bot. Berol. p. 85, t. 43. 7 | The flowers, which had not been collected before, are noted as sulphur-yellow, and are 21 to 8 inches in diameter; and the beaks of the sepals are large and conical, terminating in stout rigid spines. [i. p. 27.] 6. Argemone platyceras, Link & Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. p. 85, t. 43; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 318. Norra Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 19), region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet . (Parry & Palmer, 10). Hb. Kew. “A probable variety was also collected at Parras (Palmer, 20), with the large flowers of a decided pink colour, and the seeds less than half a line long, scarcely more than. half of the usual size.”"—S. Watson. [i. p. 27.] 1. Bocconia frutescens, Linn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. Nort Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 23). Hb. Kew. CRUCIFER. [i. p. 30.] 1*. Arabis mexicana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. SoutH Mexico, near Guanajuato (Dugés). “ Popularly known as ‘ Lantejuelilla,’ and considered injurious to cattle eating it.” [i. p. 30.] 1**. Arabis runcinata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. Nort Mexico, in shaded places about San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). CRUCIFERA. 5 [i. p. 30.] 3. Streptanthus linearifolius, A. Gr.,=Thelypodium linearifolium, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 321. Nort Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 36). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 81.] 1. Thelypodium longifolium, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 321. Norra Mexico, San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner). [i. p. 31.] 1*. Thelypodium micranthum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 821. Streptanthus micranthus, A. Gr. Pl. Fendl. p. 7. New Mexico.—Nortua Mexico, Sierra Madre, Coahuila (Palmer, 37), San Luis ‘Potosi (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 31.] 3. Thelypodium, sp. n. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3318). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 32.] Cardamine affinis, H. & Arm.?t; Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 294 (Linden, 1127),=Nasturtium orizabe. [i. p. 32.] 1*. Cardamine auriculata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. . Norta Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 49). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 82.] 1. Cardamine chilensis, DC.?, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 294 (Galeotti, 3063),=—C. angulata. [i. p. 82.] 8. Cardamine schaffneri, Hook. f.,=C. gambelii, S. Wats. in Bot. Calif. i. p. 30, et in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. CALIFORNIA. ‘fi. p. 38.) 4. Vesicaria purpurea, A. Gr.; S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 319. | Nortu Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 29). Hb. Kew. Palmer’s 28, from the Sierra Madre, Coahuila, and 32 from Monterey, Nuevo Leon, may be a form of the same species. [i. p. 35.] 5. Vesicaria recurvata, Engelm.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 320. | i Watson regards Parry and Palmer’s 25, referred by us to V. argyr@a, A. Gr., as this species. [i. p. 83.] 5*. Vesicaria schaffneri, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 320. NortH Mexico, on mountains and in shaded places near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [i. p. 33.] 6. Vesicaria stenophylla, A. Gr.,=V. fendleri, A. Gr., ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 320. 7 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 834.] 6*. Draba unilateralis, M. E. Jones in Bull. Torr. Club, ix. p. 124. Nort Mexico, about fifteen miles south of the Californian boundary, and about sixty miles from San Diego (Jones). [i. p. 85.] 1*. Sisymbrium acuticarpum, M. E. Jones in Amer. Naturalist, Xvi. p. 875. | Norra Mexico, near the head of the valley of palms, within a few miles of the Californian boundary. [i. p. 35.] 1. Stsymbrium auriculatum, A. Gr. =Thelypodium auriculatum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 321. Norra Mexico, Sierra Madre, Coahuila, and at Lerios (Palmer, 25, 50). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 35.] 38. Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 320. Nortu Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [i. p. 37.] 13*. Stsymbrium titacacense, Walp.?, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 304 (Galeotti, 4682),—S. galeottianum, Four. 6. hygrophilum. — [i. p. 88.] 1. Synthlipsis berlandieri, A. Gr., var. hispida, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 321. Trxas.—Norta Mexico, Laredo, Tamaulipas (Berlandier, 157, 1417). [i. p. 88.] 2*. Synthlipsis heterochroma, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 321. Norte Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 33). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 38.] 3*. Lepidium lasiocarpum, Nutt. Torr., & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 115, var. tenuipes, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 322. CatirorniA; LowEer Catirornia.—NortiH Mexico, Parras (Palmer, 41). Watson also refers here 21, 22, and 23 of Parry and Palmer’s collection; 14, Baurgeau, and 686, Coulter, which we had identified with various other species. We have not -been able to test his determinations; but it is possible that in this, as in many other instances, we have not had the same species as he; numbered collections have to be dealt with most cautiously, for too great a reliance on them has led to the propagation of gross errors. [i. p. 39.] 1*. Capsella pubens, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. i. p. 86; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xvii. p. 322. Hymenolobus pubens, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 9, et ii. p. 14. . Texas ; New Mzxico.—Nortu Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 39). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 39.] 1**. Capsella? schaffneri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 322. Nortu Mexico, San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner). | CAPPARIDEZ. 7 CAPPARIDEA. [i. p. 41.) 1*. Cleome cremoloba, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxvii. 2, p. 318. MExico (Galeotti, 4656). [i. p. 41.] 1**. Cleome macrantha, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 319. Mexico (Galeotti, 4654). [i. p. 42.] Cleomella medicaginea, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxvii. 2, p. 313 (Galeotti, 7216),=2. C. mexicana. [i. p. 42.] 2. Polanisia trachysperma, Torr. & A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Sc. xvii. p. 323. Nort MExico, mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 03). Hb. Kew. Li. p. 43.] Gynandropsis grandiflora, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxvii. 2, p. 814 (Galeotti, 4655),=—1. G. speciosa. [i. p. 44.] 12*. Capparis isthmensis, Eichler in Fl. Bras. xiii. 1, p. 269. Costa Rica, Aguacate (Hoffmann); Panama, Veraguas ( Warscewicz). [i. p. 44.] 14*. Capparis neriifolia, Radlk. in Sitzungsb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. xiv. p. 180. Mexico? [i. p. 45.] 6*, ATAMISQUEA. Atamisquea, Miers, Tray. Chili, ii. p. 529; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 109. A monotypic genus. 1. Atamisquea emarginata, Miers, Trav. Chili, ii. p. 529, et in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 2, t. 1; 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. i: p. 50, et in Proc, Am. Acad. xx. p. 354; A. Gr. in Amer. Journ. Sc. cxxxi. (1885) p. 166. CALIFORNIA. — NortH Mexico, Sonora, on the north-western border (Pringle).— MENDOZA. [i. p. 45.] FORCHAMMERIA. 1*. Forchammeria apiocarpa, Radlk. Meth. Bot. 1883, p. 54, et in Sitzingsb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. xiv. p. 70. SoutH Mexico, Acapulco (Henke). Dr. Radlkofer, after critically examining much better material than we had, confirms the restoration of this genus to the Capparidez, in which we had anticipated him. 8 SUPPLEMENT. CISTINE. [i. p. 46.] 1*. Lechea major, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 76; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 323; Gray, Manual, ed. 5, p. 81. _Cawapa southward.—Norti Mexico, San Rafael Mountains (Schaffner). [i. p.47.] 2. Helianthemum argenteum, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xvii. p. 323. | Norra Mexico, San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner). [i. p. 47.] 4*. Helianthemum coulteri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 323. | : Norra Mexico, Morales Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner); Sour Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 743). : | We have referred Coulter’s 743 in Kew Herbarium to H. arenicola. [i. p. 48.] 7. Helianthemum patens, Hemsl.; 8S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 323. | Norra Mexico, San Rafael Mountains (Schaffner). VIOLARIE 4. [i. p. 49.] 3. Viola flagelliformis, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 323. _ Norra Mexico, Lerios Coahuila (Palmer, 56), San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner). Watson also refers Parry and Palmer’s 36 to this species; we had referred it to V. pubescens, Ait.; and he further suggests that our V. atistipula may be an undeve- loped state of the same species. | [i. p. 52.] 38*. Ionidium galeottii, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 339. . | Mexico (Galeotti, 7085). This is apparently the same as our 17. Lonidium, sp. BIXINE. [i. p. 56.] 8. Amoreuxia wrightil, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 324. | ' oe Watson regards all the specimens, according to the numbers, which we cite under A. palmatifida as belonging to this species, and points out differences in the shape of the seed and in the lobing of the leaves. ‘They are certainly not different from the type of A. schiedeana, Planch., yet we may have erred in reducing the latter to the original A. palmatifida, Mog. et Sessé. POLYGALEA, 9 POLYGALE. [i. p. 60.] 14*. Polygala greggii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 325. NortH Mexico, west of Cerralbo (Gregq). fi. p. 60.] 17%. Polygala insequiloba, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 349. Mexico (Galeotti, 877 bis). [i. p. 60.] 18*. Polygala leptandroides, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxvii. 2, p. 349. According to Linden’s number, this is the same as P. nemoralis, Bennett. [i. p. 60.] 21. Polygala macradenia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. _Xvii. p. 325. Norra Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 325). [i. p. 60.] 26*. Polygala palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 325. NortH Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer). [i p. 62.] 385*. Polygala semialata, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 326. Norta Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 67). Hb. Kew. fi p. 62.) 39*. Polygala viridis, $. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 325. Nortu Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 2018). [i. p. 64.] 1*. Krameria canescens, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 42; S. Wats. in © Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 326; Torr. Bot. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 49, t. 13. CALIFORNIA to Texas.—Norta Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 61). Hb. Kew. [i. p.64.] 3. Krameria cytisoides, Cav.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 326. 7 NortH Mexico, mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 59). Hb. Kew. Watson reduces K. cinerea, Schauer, to this species. [i. p. 64.] 6* Krameria ramosissima, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 326. Krameria parvifolia, 8. ramosissima, A. Gr.; Hemsl. huj. op. i. p. 64. Norta Mexico, Nuevo Leon (Berlandier). VOCHYSIACE. [i. p. 65.] 2. Trigonia levis, Aubl.? Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 3193). Hb. Kew. BIOL, CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., February 1886. Cc 10 SUPPLEMENT. FRANKENIACE.%. [i. p. 66.] 1. Frankenia grandifolia, Cham. et Schl. ; 5. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 326. | Nort Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 60). Hb. Kew. CARYOPHYLLE. [i. p. 66.] Silene schizolepis, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 370, = 2. S. laciniata, Cav. : [i. p. 67.] 4. Cerastium molle, Bartl.; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 293. Cerastium andinum, Peyritsch in Linnea, xxx. p. 59, non Benth. nec Phil. Sourn Mexico, Volcan de Toluca at 4100 metres (Heller ; Karwinskt). [i. p. 68.] 7*. Cerastium sericeum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 354. Norra Mexico, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). [i. p. 68.] 9. Cerastium vulcanicum, Schl. in Linnea, xii. p. 208; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 284. | Cerastium semidecandrum, Ch. et Schl. in Linnea, v. p. 233, non Cham. nec Linn., nec Walt. Sour Mexico, Orizaba (Liebmann), Oaxaca (Galeotte). [i. p.68.] 38. Stellaria ciliata, Vahl.; Rohrb. in Linnwa, xxxvii. p. 277 (varietates plures). Rohrbach includes under this 8. cuspidata, Willd., 8. nemorum, Seem. Bot. Voy. ‘Herald,’ p. 270, non Linn., and 8S. daldwini, Fenzl., and thus defined the species extends from Mexico through the Andes to Chili. [i. p.70.] 5*. Arenaria liebmanniana, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 274. Mexico? (Liebmann). i. p. 70.] 8*. Arenaria peyritschii, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 264. Mexico, in marshy places (Schaffner), Real del Monte and Cerro Ventoso (Ehrenberg), San Miguel near Toluca at 2770 metres (Heller). [i. p.70.] 9*. Arenaria rohrbachiana, Garcke in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 311. Mexico. The description of this species reads very much like our A. dowrga@i, which it ante- dates by several years. [i p.71.] 10*. Arenaria serpens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vi. p. 32; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 268 (varietates plures). SoutH Mxxico, in various localities (Zcebmann).—ANDES. As defined by Rohrbach, this includes &. scopulorum, H. B. K. CARYOPHYLLEA. 11 [i p.71.] 1. Sagina linnei, Presl; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 309. Mexico (Liebmann). [i. p.73.] 2*. Drymaria crassifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. ‘Sulphur,’ p. 16; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 329. Lower Catirornia.—Norta Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 73, in part). [i. p. 73.] 3* Drymaria fendleri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 328. This species has been founded on specimens referred by A. Gray and others to D. cordata, D. glandulosa, &c., and ranges, according to its author, from Arizona and New Mexico to CentraL Mexico. (i. p.73.] 4. Drymaria glandulosa, Bartl.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVii. p. 328. Watson reduces D. ramosissima, Schl., to this species. [i. p.75.] 14. Drymaria polycarpoides, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Xvi. p. 329. | Nort# Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 73, in part). [i. p.75.] 15*. Drymaria suffruticosa, A. Gr. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 328. Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 74). Hb. Kew. [i. p.75.] 16. Drymaria villosa, Cham. et Schl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 328. Watson reduces D. palustris, Cham. et Schl., to this species, and quotes 744, Botteri for it. [i. p. 76.] 1. Cerdia congestiflora, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am, Acad. xvii. p. 329. Norte Mexico, in mountains near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [i. p.77.] 2. Cerdia glauca, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 329. Nort Mexico, in the Escobrillos Mountains (Schaffner). [i. p.77.] 3. Cerdia purpurascens, Mog. et Sessé; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 329. | Norra Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 79.] 5. Talinum patens, Willd. Guatema.a (Bernoulli & Cario, 3278). Hb. Kew. e 2 12 SUPPLEMENT. PORTULACE. [i. p. 80.] 2*. Calandrinia micrantha, Schl. Hort. Halen. p. 9, t. 5. Sourn Mexico, near Hacienda de Regla (Ehrenberg). TAMARISCINE. , [i. p. 81.] 3. Fouquieria splendens, Engelm.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 329. | | NortH Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo, and at San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer). Hb. Kew. | i. p. 81, throughout, for Foguieree and Foguiera, read Fouquieriee and Fouguieria. [i. p. 81.] Order XX.* ELATINEA. Elatinee, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 162. Herbs or undershrubs. There are two genera, comprising about twenty species, — spread nearly all over the world, except in the colder regions. 1. ELATINE, Elatine, Linn. Gen. Plant. n. 502; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 162. Small marsh and aquatic herbs inhabiting temperate and subtropical regions all round the globe. There are about six species. | 1. Elatine americana, Arnott in Edinb. Journ. Nat. Sc. i. p. 431; A. Gr. Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 5, p. 87, et in Proc. Am. Acad. xiii. p. 863. New Hampsurre southward, and also in Orzgon and Cotorapo.—Norta Mexico, various localities in the valley of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner).—Sovutn AMERIca. Varieties of the same species are recorded from InpiIa, AUSTRALIA, and New ZEaLanp ; but Dr. Gray states that they are probably not conspecific. Hb. Kew. HYPERICINE, [i. p. 83.] 12*. Hypericum schaffneri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 330. NortH Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 73, in part), mountains near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 84.] 4. Vismia macrophylla, H. B. K. Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3065). Hb. Kew. TERNSTRGMIACEA. 13 TERNSTRCEMIACE. [i. p. 92.] Ruyschia pavonii, G. Dont, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxi. 1, p. 390, = 3. R. mexicana, Baill. [i. p. 92.] TZernstremia revoluta, Splitzb.?, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. xxxi. 1, p. 230, = 3. T. sylvatica, at least as to Jurgensen, 567. [i p. 95.] 9*. Saurauja rubiformis, Vatke in Linnea, xl. p. 221. Costa Rica, Alto de la Cruz and Candelaria (Hoffmann). | MALVACEA. [i. p. 98.] 1. Callirhoe involucrata, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 330. NortH Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 86). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 98.] 1*. Callirhoe lineariloba, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 74. Trxas.—NortH Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 85, 86). i. p. 99, nine lines from top, Sidalcea neo-mexicana, A. Gr., is a synonym of S. malveflora, A. Gr., and the place of publication of the former is Pl. Fendl. pp. 20 and 23, not Pl. Wright. [i. p. 102.] —1*. Sida alata, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 356. NortH Mexico, Sonora, about one hundred miles south of the boundary (Pringle). | [i. p. 108.] 5*. Sida berlandieri, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxi. 1, p. 197. Mexico (Berlandier). [i. p. 104.] 17*. Sida filipes, A. Gr. Pl. Lindl. p. 164, et Pl. Wright. i. p. 19; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 331. Texas.—NortH Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 106). Hb. Kew. Perhaps the same as P. venusta, Schl. [i p. 104.] 20. Sida glomerata, Cav. GuatEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3097). Hb. Kew. i. p. 104. Sida filiformis, Moric.,=S. diffusa, H. B. K. i. p. 105, twelve lines from top, for ii. read i. i. p. 106, nine lines from top, for Lindl. read Lindh. 7 [i. p. 106.] 48*. Sida tragizfolia, A.Gr. Pl. Lindl. p. 164; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 331. Texas.—NortH Mexico, mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 103). 14 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 107.] 2. Bastardia viscosa, H. B. K. GuaTeMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3083). Hb. Kew. [i p. 108.] 5. Wissadula spicata, Presl. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3084). Hb. Kew. [i p. 110.] 14*. Abutilon holosericeum, Scheele in Linnea, xxi. p. 471; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 331. Abutilon velutinum, A. Gr. Gen. Fl. Am. Bor. Ill. ii. p. 67, t. 125. New Mexico; Taxas.—Norta Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 111), Monterey (Eaton & Edwards; Berlandier). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 110.] 16*. Abutilon lemmoni, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 307. Lower Catirornia ; Arizona.—Norri Mexico, Santa Cruz, Sonora (Thurder). [i. p.113.] 1. Spheralcea angustifolia, St. Hil.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 331. Watson thinks that S. stellata, Torr. & A. Gr., must be reduced to this, thus extend- ing the range of the species to Colorado. i. p. 113. Cancel “ Spheralcea filicaulis, Torr. & Gray,” and all that relates to it, as no such species exists; the generic name should have been Sida. [i. p. 113.] 5*. Spheralcea hastulata, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 17, et ii. p. 21; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 331. Texas.—Nortu Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer), in the San Miguelito Mountains(Schaffner). [i. p.116.] 9. Pavonia paniculata, Cav. GUATEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3101). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 117.] 16. Pavonia typhalea, Cav. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 8111). Hb. Kew. [i p. 119.] 17*. Malvaviscus spathulatus, Garcke in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxi. p. 321. MEXIco. [i. p. 120.] 3. Kosteletzkya hastata, Presi. GuaTEMaLA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3081). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 121.] 12*. Hibiscus diodon, DC. 2, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxi. i. p. 192. Mexico (Galeotti, 4115). i. p. 122, six lines from top, for Benth. read H.B.K.; and, in the seventh line, for H.B. K. read DC. [i. p. 124.] 3. Bombax mexicanum, Hemsl.? GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3130). Hb. Kew. STERCULIACEZ, 15 STERCULIACE. [i. p. 130.] 1. Hermannia texana, A.Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. Nortu Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 113). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 130.] 1*. Hermannia inflata, Link et Otto, Ic. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. i. p. 05, t. 28; Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii. p. 180, fig. 230; Walp. Ann. iv. p. 324. South Mexico, Temascaltepec (Deppe), Tehuantepec (Andrieur, 508), Zimapan (Coulter, 802). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 183.] 1. Theobroma angustifolia, DC. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 3138). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 133.] 1. Guazuma polybotrya, Cav. ? Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3142). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 184.] 8. Ayenia microphylla, A. Gr.; 8S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. . NortH Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 114). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 136.] 1. Buettneria carthaginensis, Jacq. GuateMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3131). Hb. Kew. TILIACE. [i. p. 138.] 10. Triumfetta lappala, Linn. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3076). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 139.] 4. Heliocarpus popayanensis, H. B. K. Guatema.a (Bernoulli & Cario, 3070). Hb. Kew. [i. p.140.] 3. Corchorus pilolobus, Link ; S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. Trexas.—NortH Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 120). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 140.] 1. Luhea platypetala, A. Rich. Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3068). Hb. Kew. fi. p.141.] 1. Tilia mexicana, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. Norra Mexico, on the Caracol Mountains, near Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 118). Hb. Kew. (i. p.141.] 1*. Prockia mexicana, Turcz. in Bull. Sc. Nat. Mosc. xxvii. 2, p. 334. Mexico (Linden, 669). 16 SUPPLEMENT. LINACE. [i p. 143.] 3. Linum cruciatum, Planch.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVii p. 332. Norra Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 121). fi. p. 143.] 4. Linum greg gil, Engelm. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. Norra Mexico, a single specimen from Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer). [i. p. 143.] 6*. Linum lecheoides, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332. Norra Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 600). — [i p. 144.] 9*. Linum rigidum, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. p. 210; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 332; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 204.0 SASKATCHEWAN southward.—Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 122). Hb. Kew. fi. p.144.] 11. Linum scabrellum, Planch.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. Norra Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 603). : [i. p. 144.] 12. Linum schiedeanum, Cham. et Schl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. Norta Mexico, in the Morales Mountains (Schaffner, 601). MALPIGHIACEA. [i. p. 149.] 8. Galphimia angustifolia, Benth. Bot. Voy. ‘Sulphur,’ p. 9, t. 5 (1844); S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. Galphimia linifolia, A. Gr. Gen. Ill. ii. p. 196, t. 173 (1849). Norte Mexico, in mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 128). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 151.] 1. Stigmaphyllum ellipticum, Ad. Juss. GuaTEMALa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3010). Hb. Kew. fi. p.154.] 2*, Hirea greggii, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. Norta Mexico, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 123; Gregg). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 154.] 2**, Hirea lilacina, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. Nort Mexico, on the Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova (Palmer, 124), near Palomas (Gregg, 328), Rinconada (Edwards). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 157.] 1. Aspicarpa hartwegiana, Juss. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. | Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer). MALPIGHIACEA. 17 [i. p. 157.] 1*. Aspicarpa hyssopifolia, A. Gr. Pl. Lindh. p. 167, Pl. Wright. 1. p. 36, et ii. p. 830; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 333. . New Mexico; Texas.—NortH Mexico, at Monclova and the neighbouring Caracol Mountains (Palmer). . [i. p.157.] 2. Aspicarpa longipes, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 334. : NortH Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 902). ZYGOPHYLLACE.. [i. p. 158.] 1*. Larrea glutinosa, Engelm. Bot. Wisliz. Exped. p. 9. NortH Mexico, common from Olla and Cristobal to Chihuahua and Saltillo (Gregg). [i. p. 159.] 1. Sericodes greggii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii.” p. 334. Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna and Soledad (Palmer, 63, 321). Hb. Kew. GERANIACEZ. fi. p. 160.] 1*. Geranium crenatum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am.. Acad. xvii. p. 334. Norta Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 136). Hb. Kew. [i p.165.] 35. Oxalis wrightii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 338. Norta Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 761). RUTACEAE. [i. p. 168.] 1. Astrophyllum dumosum, Torr.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 330. | Nort Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 139). [i. p. 170.] Péelea parvifolia, A. Gr. (quoad specimen floriferum), = Helietta parvifolia, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. xiv. p. 66, t. 1385. There is one other described species of Helietta, a native of Colombia. SIMA RUBACE. [i. p. 173.] 2. Castela nicholsoni, Hook. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 335. Norra Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer.) . BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., February 1886. d 18 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 177.) BURSERACEA, Our original enumeration of the Mexican and Central American members of this Order is exceedingly imperfect. Since its publication, however, the tribe Burseree has been monographed by Dr. Engler in De Candolle’s ‘ Suites au Prodromus,’ vol. iv. ; from which we extract the species recorded from within our area, together with their distribution and synonymy, arranged according to their affinities. [i. p. 177.] BURSERA. Bursera, Linn.; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 36. Engler defines thirty-nine species, which are restricted to Tropical America and the West Indies. 1. Bursera gummifera, Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. p. 94, t. 65; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 39; Desc. Fl. Ant. ii. t. 97. Elaphrium integrifolium, Tul. in Aun. Sc. Nat. série 8, vi. p. 368. Fiorina. — Sour Mexico, Colima (Kerber), Xochialco (Hahn), without locality (Schiede) ; Panama (Duchassaing).—CoLoMBIA; VENEZUELA, and throughout the WEST INDIES. . pubescens, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 40. Sout Mexico, Orizaba and Omealca (Bourgeau, 2899, 3131). 2. Bursera ovalifolia, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 40. Elaphrium ovalifolium, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 248. SoutH Mexico, without locality (Schiede). 3. Bursera schlechtendalii, Engler in DC. Monogr. Prodr. iv. p. 41. Elaphrium simplicifolium, Schl. in Linnea, xvi. p. 532. SourH Mexico, without locality (Schiede) 4. Bursera kerberi, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 41. Sours Mexico, Colima (Keréer). 5. Bursera lancifolia, Engler in DC. Monogr. Fhanerog. iv. p. 42. Elaphrium lancifolium, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 247. Sourn Mexico (Schiede). 6. Bursera multijuga, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 42. SourH Mexico, Colima (Kerber) in Herb. Delessert, without locality or collector’s name. 7. Bursera karwinskii, Engler in DO. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 43. SoutH Mexico, Toliman (Karwinski). 8. Bursera cinerea, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog, iv. p. 43. SoutH Mexico, region of Cordova a (Bourgean, 2326). BURSERACEZ. 19 9. Bursera grandifolia, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 45. Elaphrium grandifolium, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 249. SourH Mexico, in the hot region (Schiede), without special locality (Kerber). 10. Bursera heterophylla, Engler in Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 46. SourH Mexico, Haquiltenango (Schiede, 1007, 1008, 1009). 11. Bursera microphylla, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 155; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 47. Lower Catirornia.—Norta Mexico, Sierra Tula, Sonora (Schott). 12. Bursera galeottiana, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 47. SoutH Mexico, Tehuacan at 5500 feet (Galeotti, 4004), Tintetlan (Cnebmann), San Gerénimo (Hahn). 13. Bursera fagaroides, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 48 (varietates a. elliptica; B. crenulata ; y. ramosissima ; 3. bourgeauana). Elaphrium fagaroides, H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 30, t. 611; Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 245 (varietates 3). Amyris ventricosa, Llave. Norra Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 108); Soura Mexico, various localities (Schiede), Zacoalco, near Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau). 14. Bursera graveolens, Triana et Planchon in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 5, xiv. p. 303; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 49 (varietates a. pubescens et B. pilosa). Elaphrium graveolens, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 24. Elaphrium tatamaco, Tal. in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 3, vi. p. 368. Spondias edmonstonei, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. p. 280. SoutH Mexico, Colima (erder).—Cuna ; CotomBia ; Peru; GALAPAGos. The variety 6. pilosa is only recorded from Mexico. 15. Bursera bipinnata, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 49. Elaphrium bipinnatum, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 631. Amyris ? bipinnata, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 82; Calques des Dess. Pl. Fl. Mex. 197. Rhus filicina, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 67 ; Calques des Dess. Pl. Fl. Mex. 189. Norta Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d Aoust, 1544); Sours Mexico, Volcan de Jorullo at 4000 feet (Galeotti, 4002), various localities (Schiede). 16. Bursera gracilis, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 50. SourtH Mexico, Xochialco (herd. Mus. Paris). 17. Bursera mexicana, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. Ol. Norra Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d Aoust, 1267); Soura Mexico, Cordova (Finck), Colima (Keréer). d 2 20002 SUPPLEMENT. 18. Bursera penicillata, Engler i in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 52. Elaphrium glabrifolium, Jacq. ex H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 28; Schl. in Linnzea, XVii. p. 249. Elaphrium penicillatum, DC. Prodr. i. p. 724; Calques des Dess. Pl. Fl. Mex. 203, et xxx. ¢. Sour Mexico, Oaxaca (Galeotti, 4006; Uhde), Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & — Bonpland ; Schiede), San Francisco de J etecala (Schiede). 19. Bursera delpechiana, Poisson ex Engler in Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 53. Mexico. 20. Bursera aloexylon, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 02. Elaphrium aloexylon, Schiede in Linnza, xvii. p. 252. Soura Mzxico, Real de Huantla and other localities in the hot region (Schiede). 21. Bursera bicolor, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 53. Elaphrium bicolor, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 625. Sout Mexico, Real de Huantla, San Francisco, Jetecala, and other localities in the hot region (Schiede), without locality (Karwinski), Cuernavaca (Knechtel). J?-~ of 22. Bursera pannosa, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 54. South Mexico, Mirador, and San F elipe (Liebmann). 23. Bursera sessiliflora, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 55. Mexico, without locality (Karwinski). 24, Bursera submoniliformis, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 55. Mexico, Rio Vuellas (Liebmann). plan | y 25. Bursera cuneata,Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 56. Elaphrium cuneatum, Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p. 629. Souta Mexico, Guadalupe, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 338), near - Zamalitzlahuaca and Iguala (Schiede), without locality (Ehrenberg ; Schmitz). 26. Bursera schiedeana, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 57. SoutH Mexico, near Huantla (Schiede). 27. Bursera excelsa, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 57. Elaphrium excelsum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 30, t. 611. Sout Mexico, frequent between Acapulco and Venta del Exido (Humboldt & Bon- pland). v 28. Bursera jorullensis, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 57. Elaphrium jorullense, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 28, t. 612; Schl. in Linnea, xvii. p- 628. SourH Mexico, at the foot of the Volcan de Jorullo (Humboldt & Bonpland), Real de - Huantla, Iguala, and San Francisco Jetecala (Schiede). Ww V 29. Bursera lanuginosa, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 58. Elaphrium lanuginosum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vii. p. 31. Sours Mexico, near the village of Cuernavaca (Humboldt & Bonpland). BURSERACEA. 21 In the absence of sufficient material Engler leaves the following undetermined or undefined :—Bursera obovata, Turcz., Elaphrium ariense, H. B. K., Elaphrium copalli- ferum, DC., and Amyris t tecomaca, DC. [i. p. 180.] HEDWIGIA. Hedwigia, Swartz; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 95. 2*. Hedwigia panamensis, Engler, Bot. J ahrb.i. p. 42; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 96. Hedwigia balsamifera, huj. op. i. p. 180, non Swartz. Panama, Rio Grande railway-station (S. Hayes, 342). i. p. 180. Four lines from top, Rhus potentillefolia, Turcz., does not belong here; it is a true Rhus, and Engler (DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 313) cites Andrieux, 226, and Jurgensen, 283, as belonging to it. Seei. p. 218. [i. p. 184. ] Order XXXV.* CHAILLETIACE. Chailletiacee, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. i. p. 340. Of this Order there are three genera’and about forty species, widely spread in Tropical Asia, Africa, and America, and one species occurs in Extratropical South Africa. Two of the genera are exclusively South Am erican. 1. CHAILLETIA. Chailletia, DC. in Ann. Mus. Par. xvii. p. 153, cum ic.; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. 1. p. 341. About thirty species, having the same range as the Order. 1. Chailletia, sp. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario). / CELASTRINE. [i. p.191.] 3. Mortonia palmer, Hemsl., et M. effusa, Turcz., = 2. M. greggii, A. Gr.'ex S. Wats. in Proc. "Wm. “Acad. xvii. p. 336. Norta Mexico, Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, and in the mountains east of the same place (Palmer, 323). [i. p. 191.] 4. Mortonia scabrella, A. Gr., S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 336. Nortu Mexico, Parras. Coahuila (Palmer, 2111). | [i. p.194.] 1. Llavea integrifolia, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad.. xvii. p. 336. Norra Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon, and in the mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 182, 183). Hb. Kew. 22 SUPPLEMENT. RHAMNACES. [i. p.195.] 4. Zizyphus lycioides, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336. Nortu Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 167). Hb. Kew. [i. p.195.] 4*. Zizyphus obtusifolius, A. Gr. Pl. Lindh. p. 168; Gen. Pl. Am. Bor. Ill. ii. p. 270, t. 163; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336. Paliurus texanus, Scheele in Linnea, xxi. p. 594. Rhamnus ? obtusifolius, Hook.; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 685. TExas.—Nortu Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 166). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 196.] 2. Condalia spathulata, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 336. | Nortn Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 162). Hb. Kew. [i. p.196.] 1. Microrhamnus ericoides, A. Gr.;.S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336. NortH Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 165). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 199.] 3. Ceanothus cwruleus, Lag., = 1. C. azureus, Desf. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 337. | [i. p. 200.] 2. Sageretia wrightii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 358. This is a new species, founded by Watson on the Mexican and Arizonian specimens referred by us to S. michauxii.. [i. p. 200.] 4. Colubrina glomerata, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336, Barcena guanajuatensis, Dugés in Rev. Cient. Mex. i. p. 8, cum tab., fide Wats. [i. p. 200.] 4*. Colubrina greggii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336. NortH Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 171), Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Gregg, 154). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 201.] 1. Adolphia infesta, Meissn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 336. Souto Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). Watson is of opinion that Colletia t multiflora, DC., is the same as this. AMPELIDEZ. [i. p. 203.] 3. Vitis estivalis, Michx.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. . p. 337. - Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila, and in the mountains near Saltillo (Palmer). Hb. Kew. AMPELIDE. 23 [i. p. 203.] 6*. Vitis (Cissus) chontalensis, Seem. Journ. Bot. vii. (1869) p. 832. NIcARAGuUA, mountains of Chontales (Seemann). [i. p. 203.] 6**. Vitis cordifolia, Michx. Fl. Am. Bor. ii. p. 231; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 244; var.?, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 337. MASSACHUSETTS southward.—NortH Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, south-east of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 179). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 203.] 10*. Vitis (Cissus) javalensis, Seem. Journ. Bot. vii. (1869) p. 332. Nicaragua, in the neighbourhood of the Javali mine, Chontales (Seemann). [i. p. 203.) 12. Vitis pubescens, Hemsl. (Ampelopsis, Schl.) ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 337. Sourn Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). SAPINDACE. fi. p. 205.] Urvillea, Radlkofer reduces U. berteriana, DC., and U. mexicana, A. Gr., to U. ulmaced, H. B. K., and describes a new species from Mexico :— 1*. Urvillea dasycarpa, Radlk. in Sitzungsb. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 1879, p. 260. SoutH Mexico, Tlacolola, Oaxaca (Andrieux, 486). Hb. Kew. We have this under U. mexicana. [i. p. 205.] Serjania. All the specimens under 8 belong to the genus Paullina. [i. p. 207.] 15*. Serjania? inflata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 337. North Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 186). In a note in Herb. Kew, Radlkofer says this equals his S. cystocarpa in Meth. Bot. Syst. p. 82. [i. p. 212.] 1. Adsculus mexicana, Benth. et Hook. f. — Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 2923). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 212.] 1. Ungnadia speciosa, Endl~; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 337. North Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila and Guajaco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 187). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 214.] 1*. Negundo aceroides, Moench. Meth. Pl. p. 334; A. Gr. Gen. Pl. Am. Bor. Ill. ii. p. 202, t. 175%; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 338. Canapa southward.—NortH Mexico, San Luis Potosi, in cultivated places (Schaffner). - 24 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 214.] 1. Negundo mexicanum, DC. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 2935). Hb. Kew. _ [i p.214.] 1* Acer grandidentatum, Nutt. ; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 247; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p 238. | Britis Cotumsia. southward.—Norta Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer). i. p. 216. Turpinia tomentosa, Lag., = Vernonia monosis, DC. ii. p. 92. [i. p. 217.] | ANACARDIACE. Since the publication of the first volume of this work a monograph of this Order, by Dr. Engler, has appeared in De Candolle’s ‘Suites au Prodromus.’ We append the new species described therein and the amended synonymy of the others, as well as additional localities. fi. p. 217.] 1%. Rhus andrieuxii, Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 389. Sours Mzxico, without locality (Andriewa, 271, 465). Hb. Kew. i. p. 217.] 5. Rhus juglandifolia, H. B. K.; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 400. | This species has a wide range in CoLomBla, PERu, and VENEZUELA. [i. p. 217.] 5* Rhus macrophylla, Hook. et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 413; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 403. | Sour Mzxico, Acapulco (Beechey). [i. p. 218.] 8. Bhus pachyrrachis, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 338, =R. sempervirens, Scheele, . Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 391. Trexas.—Nortu Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner). [i. p. 219.] 15. Rhus schmidelioides, Schl.: following Hooker and Arnott, | Engler places this as a variety of R. aromatica, a widely spread species in North America, extending northward to Saskatchewan (DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 389). [i. p. 219.] 1o*. Rhus sempervirens, Scheele in Linnea, xxiii. p. 566; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 390. | Rhus virens, Lindh. in A. Gr. Pl. Lindh. ii. p. 159; huj. op. i. p. 220. Engler regards our R. pachyrrhachis as a variety of this. fi. p. 220.] 20. Rhus virens, Lindh.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 338. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, and in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 189, 190). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 221.] 2. Anacardium rhinocarpus, DC.; Engler in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 216. | | Costa Rica (Warscewicz); Panama, Chiriqui (Wagner).—CoLoMBIA to GUIANA. ANACARDIACEA, 25 [i. p. 221.] 1. Pistacia mexicana, H. B.K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Xvi. p. 338. | Nortu Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 196), in the Morales, San Rafael and San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [i. p. 221.] 1. Pseudosmodingium andrieuxii, Engler, Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 419; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 369. Smodingium andrieuxii, Baill. Adansonia, xi. p. 182. Soutu Mexico, Province of Mexico (Andrieur, 184). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 221.] 2. Pseudosmodingium virletii, Engler, Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 419; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 370. | Smodingium virletii, Baill. Adansonia, xi. p. 182. NortH Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet d’ Aoust). [i. p. 221.] 8. Pseudosmodingium perniciosum, Engler, Bot. Jahrb. i. p. 420; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 370. Rhus? perniciosa, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. vil. p. 10; huj. op. 1. p. 218. Sourn Mexico, Jorullo (Schiede), mountains near “ Apazingau” (Ghiesbreght). The genus Pseudosmodingium is restricted to Mexico. [i. p. 222.] 1*. Tapiria mexicana, Marchand, Rev. Anac. p. 162; DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 281 (Tapirira). Sours Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 2237), Orizaba (Botteri), Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede). Four other Tropical-American species of this genus are described. | [i. p. 222.] 1. Cyrtocarpa procera, H. B K., is retained by Engler as an inde- pendent monotypic genus (DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 274). See Taprria. [i. p. 224.) 1. Cnestidium rufescens, Planch. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario). Hb. Kew. LEGUMINOS. [i. p. 230.] 8. Lupinus ehrenbergii, Schl.; 5S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. p. 338, Norta Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 197). [i. p. 230.] 13*. Lupinus leonensis, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 338. Norta Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 198). | [i. p. 238.] 5. Trifolium schiedeanum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p.339. Trifolium reflecum, Schl. in Linnea, v. p. 576, et huj. op., non Linn. Norra Mexico, Lerios, forty-five miles east of Saltillo (Palmer, 201); SourH MEXICco, Jalapa (Schiede & Deppe). BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., February 1886. é 26 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 235.] 4*. Psoralea rhombifolia, Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. pp. 303 et 688; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 339. | Txas.—NortH Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 222). [i. p. 236.] 2*. Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 339 (E. amorphoides, huj. op. pro parte). | Eysenhardtia amorphoides var. orthocarpa, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. ii. p. 37. Arwona; New Muxico.—Norta Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 143; Schaffner, 782); SourH Mexico, Tacubaya (Bourgeau, 82; Bilimek, 108). Hb. Kew. [i p. 237.) 4*. Dalea aurea, Nutt.; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 308 ; Pl. Wright. i. p. 46, et ii. p. 41, et Pl. Lindl. pp. 7 et 31; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. Missourr southward.—Norr Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, — 226). | [i. p. 237.] 7. Dalea berlandieri, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. vii. _~p. 340. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 209). [i. p. 239.) 22*. Dalea eriophylla, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, forty miles south of Saltillo (Palmer, 211). [i. p. 241.] 29. Dalea frutescens, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 341. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, at Juraz, Coahuila, and at Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 205, 206, 212). : [i. p. 241.] 30. Dalea greggii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 841. — | To this Watson refers Parry and Palmer’s 147, 152, and 1048, in part, our 92, Dalea, sp. [i. p. 242.] 40*. Dalea lasiathera, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 48, et ii. p. 37; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. - Trxas.—Nortu Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila, and at Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 224, 225). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 242.] 44*. Dalea luisana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 341. NortH Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 164; Schaffner, 808). We suspect a transposition of Parry and Palmer’s 162 and 164 in the set we had under observation, as Watson refers the former, which we could not match in the LEGUMINOS 2. 27 Kew Herbarium, to D. wrightii, whilst we identified with it the specimens bearing the latter number. [i. p. 248.] 48%. Dalea (Xylodalea) megacarpa, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 359. ~ Norra Mexico, Sonora, about ten miles south of the boundary (Pringle). [i. p. 243.] 53. Dalea nana, Torr.; A. Gr. Pl. Fendl. p. 31, Pl. Lindh. p. 175, Pl. Wright. i. p. 46, et il. p. 37; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. Arizona; New Mexico; Texas.—Norrs Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, at Monclova and Soledad, Coahuila, and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 217, 218, 227, 228). Hb. Kew. [i p. 244.] 60. Dalea pogonathera, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. Norta Mexico, Monclova and Soledad, Coahuila, and at Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 216, 219, 220). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 245.] 66*. Dalea radicans, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 341. Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 214). [i p. 251.] 10*. Indigofera lindheimeriana, Scheele in Linnea, xxi. p. 464; A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 45; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 342. Texas.—Norra Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 233). [i. p. 254.] 6. Brongniartia intermedia, Moric.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 342. Nortu Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 828). [i. p. 258.] 17. Tephrosia tenella, A. Gr.?; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 342. Norra Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 257). [i. p. 259.] Robinia melanocarpa, Schl., = Lennea robinioides, Kl. huj. op. i. p. 260, fide Vatke in Linnea, xliii. p. 335. Acting on the rule of adopting the first specific name applied to a plant, Vatke proposes calling this Lennea melanocarpa. [i. p. 263.] 2. Sesbania cavanillesii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. . 342. Daubentonia longifolia, DC. Mém. Legum. p. 286; Prodr. ii. p. 267. AEschynomene longifolia, Cav. Ic. Il. iv. p. 8, t. 315, non Ort. Trxas.—Norru MExico. Watson refers Parry and Palmer's 209 here, with the remark that it is very different from Sesbania longifolia, DC., which we had named it. e2 28 SUPPLEMENT. fi. p. 263.] 1*. Astragalus antoninus, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 343. | Norru Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 239), San Antonio de las Alauzanes (Gregg, 363). | [i. p. 263.] 1**, Astragalus arizonicus, A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. vil. p. 398 ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 343. . Astragalus sonore, Torr. Bot. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 56, non A. Gr. Arizona; New Muxico.—Norru Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 234). [i. p. 264.] 3*. Astragalus diphacus, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 342. | | Nortu Mexico, San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 816, mainly). [i. p. 264.] 5*. Astragalus greggii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 343. Norta Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 238), without locality (Gregg, 439). [i. p. 264.] 7. Astragalus hartwegti, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 343. | NortH Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 235). Watson reduces A. vaccarum, A. Gr., to this. [i. p. 264.] 8, Astragalus helleri, Fenzl. For description of this plant, see Bonplandia, 1860, p. 56. [i. p. 265.] 16. Astragalus orthanthus, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 342. | Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 243). [i. p. 266.] 18. Astragalus parvus, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 343. Nort Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 815). ‘Much larger specimens than the original; the ascending or erect stems a foot high or less; leaflets linear to linear-oblong, two to six lines long.” [i. p. 268.] 1. Nissolia fruticosa, Jacq. GuateMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1213). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 268.] 3*. Nissolia platycalyx, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 344. Nortu Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 248, in part). [i. p. 268.] Missolia platycarpa, Benth., = Cheetocalyx schottii, Torr. [i. p. 268.] 4*. Nissolia wislizeni, A. Gr. in Journ. Linn. Soc. y. p. 25; S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 334. Chetocalyx wislizenii, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. 1. p. 51, et i. p. 45; Torr. Bot. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 56, t. 18. figg. 5-7. ; LEGUMINOS. 29 Norra Mexico, Sonora and Chihuahua ( Wright), in the San Miguelito and San Rafael Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 793, 794), Santa Rosa, Coahuila (Parry). [i. p. 272.] 2. Stylosanthes guianensis, Aubl. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 1304). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 272.] 3*. Stylosanthes mucronata, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. p. 1166; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 8318; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 844. ‘Norra Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 800). We had followed other botanists in reducing S. mucronata, Willd., to S. procumbens, Swartz, from which, according to Watson, it differs in its pubescence and in the form and size of its pod. [i. p. 272.] 4. Stylosanthes procumbens, Swartz. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1215). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 274.] 5. Desmodium adscendens, DC. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1295). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 275.] 10*. Desmodium axillare, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 333; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 187. GuaATEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1127).—CotomsBia to Perv and Brazit, and Cusa to TRINIDAD. [i. p. 280.] 34. Desmodium incanum, DC. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1294). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 283.] 45. Desmodium molliculum, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Xvil. p. 346. : Nort Mexico, in woods, San Rafael (Schaffner, 798). [i. p. 287.] 62. Desmodium psilophyllum, Schi.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 344. | NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 2136). [i. p. 289.] 72. Desmodium spirale, DC. GuatEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1805). Hb. Kew. (i. p. 291.] 83. Desmodium viridiflorum, Beck.; 8. Wats. in Pr. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 344. Norta Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 246). [i. p. 291.] 84. Desmodium wislizenii, Engelm. ; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 345. Norra Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 796, in part). 30 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 291.] 1*. Lespedeza repens, Barton; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 367; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 345. Canapa southward—Norta Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 249). [i. p. 292.] 1*. Vicia americana, Muhl., var. linearis, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xi. p. 134, et xvii. p. 345; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 269. Canapa southward.— Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 247). [i. p. 293.] 4. Lathyrus parvifolius, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 345. Nort Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 812; Parry & Palmer, 197). Hb. Kew. We had doubtingly referred Parry and Palmer’s plant to L. venosus, Muhl. [i p.295.] 2. Cologania angustifolia, Kunth in part, = 0. martia, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. | Nort Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 191, 193; Schaffner, 802). Hb. Kew. The examination of a large number of specimens of this genus in Kew Herbarium _ led to the discovery that several of the species of this genus bear dimorphic flowers, and we were unable to reduce Zuccarini’s Martia to any one species. [i. p. 296.] 4*. Cologania lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 74. Norra Mexico, on the high mesas of the Chiricahui Mountains and. the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). [i. p. 296. | 5. Cologania longifolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 340. | Nort Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 251). [i. p. 296.] 5*. Cologania martia, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 345. Martia mexicana, Zucc. in Abhandl. Miinch. Akad. i. p. 839, tt. 14 et 15. [i. p. 298.] 2. Erythrina coralloides, DC.: S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 346. Norra Mexico, mountains near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 96). [i. p. 300.] 4*. Mucuna (§ Carpopogon), sp. nx. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 493). Hb. Kew. fi. p. 801] 1. Galactia brachystachys, Benth. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 346. NortH Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 252). LEGUMINOS&. 3b i. p. 303.] 2. Canavalia obtusifolia, DC. Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1185). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 803.) 4A. Canavalia villosa, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 346. Nortu Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 259). [i. p. 304.] 5. Phaseolus atropurpureus, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 346. Nort Mexico, in the mountains north of Monclova (Palmer, 262), [i. p. 306.] 23*. Phaseolus (Drepanospron) polymorphus, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 346. Phaseoh, spp. nn. 38 et 39, huj. op. i. p. 307. Nort Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 186, 188). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 306.] 25*. Phaseolus (Drepanospron) scabrellus, Benth. in Herb. Gray ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 346. NortH Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 2122), Sonora Alta (Coulter). [i. p. 309.] 1. Pachyrhizus angulatus, Rich. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1162). Hb. Kew. (i. p. 811.] 7. Rhynchosia macrocarpa, Benth. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 347. Nortu Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Paliner, 184), San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 826); Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 6249). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 311.] 10. Rhynchosia phaseoloides, DC. ; S. Wats: in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 347. Nortu Mexico, in the Santa Maria del Rio Mountains (Schaffner, 827). [i. p. 313.] 6. Eriosema violaceum, G. Don. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1222). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 326.] 8*. Hoffmanseggia gracilis, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 437. : Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 275). [i. p. 326.] 8. Hoffmanseggia stricta, Benth. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 347. Norra Mexico, Saltillo and Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 267, 268). 32 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 334.] 59. Cassia stenocarpa, Vog. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 1192). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 335.] 67. Cassia vogeliana, Schl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 348. _ Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 281). [i. p. 337.] 7. Bauhinia inermis, Pers. Guatema.a (Bernoulli & Cario, 1311). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 339.] 17. Bauhinia ramosissima, Benth. ?; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 348. Nortu Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 285). [i. p. 340.] 1*. Cercis reniformis, Engelm.; Scheele, Reem. Texas, p. 428 ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 348. Cercis occidentalis, Torr., var. texensis, S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. N. Am. Pl. i. p. 209. Trxas.—NortH Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer). [i. p. 843.] 1. Entada polystachya, DC. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1160). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 848.] 2. Piptadenia patens, Benth. GuatTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1180). Hb. Kew. i. p. 345, six lines from top, for plana read plena. [i. p. 845.] 8. Neptunia plena, Benth. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1182). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 845.] 2. Desmanthus incurvus, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvil. p. 349. Nortn MExico, Parras, Coahuila, and in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 314). [i. p. 345.] 4. Desmanthus virgatus, Willd. GuareMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1184). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 349.] 26*. Mimosa lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 76. Norra Mexico, in a cafion near Fort Huachuca, and in Cave Cation (Lemmon). [i. p. 349.] 31. Mimosa monancistra, Benth. ; §. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 350. Nort Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 290). [i. p. 350.] 39. Mimosa strigillosa, Torr. et A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 350. Norra Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 2115). LEGUMINOSA. 33 [i. p. 350.] 1. Schrankia aculeata, Willd., var. 2, S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 350. NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, and at Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 301). [i. p. 351.] 38*. Schrankia subinermis, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 850. Nort Mexico, in the mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 302). [i p. 351.] 3. Leucena glauca, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 800. Nortu Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 307). [i. p. 352.] 6. Acacia crassifolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 351. | Norte Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 284). [i. p. 354.) 22*. Acacia palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xvii. p. 350. Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 298). [i. p. 357.) 5*. Calliandra coulteri, s. ‘Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. — p. 302. . Norra Mexico, Soledad (Palmer, 2129), without locality (Coulter). [i. p. 358.] 19. Calliandra portoricensis, Benth. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1136). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 359.] 6*. Pithecolobium (Chloroleucon) elachistophyllum, A. Gr. in herb., ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 352. _ Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 289). [i. p. 360.] 15. Pithecolobium palmeri, Hemsl.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Kvii. p. 352. Nortu Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 625, in part). Watson describes the pod, which we have not seen, as being stipitate and three or four inches long or more. [i. p. 361.] 17*. Pithecolobium (Chloroleucon) schaffneri, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 352. Acacia, sp. 36, huj. op. i. p. 855. North Mexico, in the mountains around San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 219; Schaffner, 628). Hb. Kew. ROSACEA. [i. p. 865.] 2. Chrysobalanus icaco, Linn. GuateMALa (Bernoulli & Cario, 2966). Hb. Kew. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., February 1886. f 34 SUPPLEMENT. (i. p. 368.] 3*. Prunus glandulosa, Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 408; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 352. Amygdalus glandulosa, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 288. Trxas.—NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 2131). [i. p. 368.] 4*, Prunus mexicana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 353. Nort Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 2130). [i. p. 370.]. 1. Vauquelinia corymbosa, Corr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVli. p. 353. | Norts Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 329). [i. p. 871.] 7. Rubus humistratus, Steud.,—22. R. trivialis, Michx. [i. p. 372]; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 353. [i. p. 376.] 4*. Potentilla heptaphylla, Mill. Dict. n. 9; DC. Prodr. ii. p. 586 ; Lehm. Revis. Potent. p. 76; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 353. NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 327). Watson cites this European species without any remark. It is not included in his Bibliographical Index to North-American Botany. [i. p. 376.] 5*. Potentilla norvegica, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 499; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 436; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 353. ARCTIC REGIONS southward.—NortH Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 328). Also in NortHerN Europe and Asia. [i. p. 377.] 5*. Alchemilla velutina, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 354. Nort Mexico, in swampy places about San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 870). [i. p. 379.] Rosa blanda, Ait. This species is certainly not found within our limits, and should therefore be can- celled. Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 340) only records it from Northern and Central States. | 1*, Rosa fendleri, Crepin in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xv. p. 452; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 344. British Couvmera to CALIFORNIA and Western Trxas.—NortH MExIco, on the Mimbres (Thurber). This may or may not be actually within our boundary. 2*, Rosa mexicana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 354, et xx. p. 349. NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 2124). In the last place cited is an admirable monograph of the American Roses by S. ‘Watson, with full particulars of their distribution and synonymy. Eighteen species are admitted, and the above are the only native species recorded from Mexico; but two or ROSACEA. 35 three others may be expected to occur within our limits, as they have been found in the southern part of New Mexico and Arizona. [i. p. 378.] Rosa montezume, H. B. K. S. Watson, loc. cit. p. 351, states that there can be little doubt that this is a variety of R. canina, Linn., which exists only as a naturalized plant in North America. [i. p. 380.] 1. Cotoneaster denticulata, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVli. p. 354. Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 330). [i. p. 880.] 1*. Cotoneaster nervosa, Dene. in Nouv. Archives du Mus. x. p. 177. MEXxIco. SAXIFRAGACE. [i p. 884.] 4. Philadelphus serpyllifolius, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 354. | NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer). CRASSU LACE. [i. p. 392.] 34*. Cotyledon schaffneri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 354. NortH Mexico, mountains around San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 768). [i. p. 898.] 17*. Sedum palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 355. North Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 2121). [i p. 399.] 20*. Sedum stelliforme, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 364. New Mexico.—Nortx Mexico, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). HALORAGEE. [i. p. 401.] 1. Callitriche heterophylla, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. i. p.3; A. Gr. Manual, ed. 5, p. 429; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 154. Callitriche asagrei, Hegelm. Monogr. Callit. p. 54, t. 3. fig. 9, t. 4. fig. 1. New York and ILurnois southward.—Norta Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 401.] 1*. Callitriche austini, Engelm.; A. Gr. Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 5, p. 428; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 154. New York to Inurvors and Missouri southward.—Nortu Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner).—And in South AMERICA. _ f2 36 | SUPPLEMENT. COMBRETACE. [i.p.403. 1. Conocarpus erecta, Linn., Hemsl. in Rep. Bot. Chall. Exped. i. p.32. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3350). Hb. Kew.—Also found in the Bermudas. MELASTOMACE. [i p. 418.] 2. Pterolepis ladanoides, Tr. (Rhexia pumila, Bonpl. Rhex. t. 35). Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 2893). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 4380.] 1. Heterotrichum octonum, DC. GuaTeMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 2875). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 432.] 2. Octopleura micrantha, Griseb. (Osswa, Macf. Fl. Jam. ii. p. 49). GuATEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 2883). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 434.] 2. Mouriria parvifolia, Benth. vide Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 92. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 3385). Hb. Kew. | LYTHRACE. [i. p. 436.] CUPHEA. Koehne has published a second revision of this difficult genus in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. ii. (1882) pp. 136-176 and 395-424 ; and as the result of more extended obser- vation and investigation, he considerably modifies the limits of some of the species. Two or three of the forms described by us as new species he has identified with previously described species, or regards as forms of such. Thus C. anisophylla, Hemsl., is referred, together with several other forms, including C. orthodisca, Koehne, to C. calophylia, Ch. et Schl., a very variable species extending into Brazil; the specimens we referred to his C. palustris he regards as C. procumbens, Cav.; C. minuta he reduces to a variety of C. lavea; C. propingua, Hemsl., and C. ternata, Peyr., are referred to C. heterophylla, Benth. ; and C. dodecandra, Hemsl. {, is the same as C. subuligera, Koehne. Further, there are three additional species. [i p. 438.] 6*. Cuphea baillonis, Koehne in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. iv. p. 401. Sout Mexico, in pine forests, Oaxaca (ex Hoehne). [i. p. 440.] 16*. Cuphea elliptica, Koehne in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. ii. p. 146, cum 3. oligostemone. 7 Mexico; PANAMA. + Koehne states the occurrence of twelve stamens is in the highest degree remarkable. Their existence in our plant was verified by two of our colleagues. LYTHRACEZ. 37 [i. p. 443.] 36*. Cuphea micrantha, H.B. K.; Koehne in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. ii. p. 142.. Honpuras (ex Koehne).—Cusa; San Domineo; VENEZUELA to GuIANA and Brazit. [i. p. 448] 1*. Neszwa longipes, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 68, et ii. p. 56; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 356. Texas.—Norta Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 333; Gregg). ONAGRARIEZ. fi. p.452.] I. Ludwigia palustris, Linn.: S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 356. : Nortu Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 127). [i. p.453.] 4. Gnothera brachycarpa, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Kvii. p. 357. Nort Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 342). [i. p. 453.] 7*. Ginothera (Megapterium) dissecta, A. Gr. in herb. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 357. CGinothera, sp. nu. 35, huj. op. i. p. 455. NortH Mexico, sandy localities near San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 249 ; Schaffner, 168). Hb. Kew. | [i. p.463.] 11. Gnothera hartwegil, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 357. NorrH Mexico, mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 337, 341). [i. p.454.] 15. Ginothera macrosceles, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 356. Norte Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 338). [i. p.454.] 22. Ginothera speciosa, Nutt.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 356. Ginothera berlandieri et Gi. hirsuta, Walp. ; huj. op. i. p. 453, , fide Wats. l.c. NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila, and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 335, 336). [1. p. 462. | HAUYA. S. Watson (Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 366) describes a new species of this genus from Lower California, and states that it is very distinct from the Mexican. fi. p. 465.] 17. Lopezia pumila, H.B.K.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 357. North Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 640). 38 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 467.] 7. Gaura parviflora, Dougl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am.. Acad. xvii. p- 357. Nortu Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 2119). SAMYDACEA. [i. p. 471.] 1. Homalium racemosum, Jacq. ; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 298. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 3373). Hb. Kew. LOASEZE. [i.p.472.] 1. Cevallia sinuata, Lag.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 358. Norra Mexico, Saltillo and Parras, Coahuila and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 360, 361, 362). [i p.472.] 1*. Petalonyx crenatus, A. Gr. in herb. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am.. Acad. xvii. p. 358. 7 Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 833). [i. p. 472.] 1*. Mentzelia aspera, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 516; A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 158 et 180; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 298; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xvii. p. 359. CALIFORNIA to Tuxas.—Norta Mexico, at Soledad and in the mountains north of Monclova (Palmer, 351, 831).—Wesr Inpres and northern part of SoutH AMERICA. [i. p. 472.] 1**. Mentzelia (Bicuspidaria) involucrata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 367. | Cantrornta ; Arizona.—Nortu Mexico, north-western Sonora (Pringle). [i. p. 472.] 2*. Mentzelia multiflora, A.Gr. Pl. Fendl. p. 48; Pl. Wright. i. p. 74, et ii. p. 59; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 359. New Mexico ; Texas.—NortH Mexico, Saltillo and San Lorenzo de Laguna (Palmer,. 350, 358, 359), Buena Vista (Gregg). [i. p. 473.] 5. Mentzelia strigosa, H. B. K., = 1. M. hispida, Willd. fide 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 359. Norra Mexico, Monclova, Soledad, and in the Caracol Mountains (Palmer, 352, 353,. 357). [i. p. 473.] 1*. Loasa bicolor, Klotzsch in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xix. p. 361. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui (Warscewicz). TURNERACEA, 39 li. p. 474.] TURNERACE. See Urban in Jahrbuch des Kgl. Bot. Gard. und Mus. Berlin, li. pp. 1-152, and reprint with two plates, where the following alterations are made :— i Turnera cistoides, Linn., — = Piriqueta cistoides, Meyer. 5. Turnera hindsiana, Hemsl. in hyj. op. i. p. 474, = Turnera panamensis, Urb. lic. p. 92. | 3*, Turnera callosa, Urb. 1. c. p. 105. SourH Mexico, Cuernavaca ((Ghiesbreght, 148, 219; Bates). Hb. Kew. 6. Turnera humifusa, Endl., = 7. diffusa, Willd. 2. Turnera aphrodisiaca, L. F. Ward, = 7. diffusa, var. 8. aphrodisiaca, Urb. 11. Turnera velutina, Presl, = 7. ulmifolia, Linn., var. Z. velutina, Urb. 9. Turnera trioniflora, Sims, = 7. ulmifolia, Linn., var. 8. elegans, Urb. 7. Turnera mollis, H. B. K., = 7. ulmifolia, Liun., var. 1. Turnera alba, Liebm., = T. ulmifolia, Linn., var. 3. Turnera cerulea, DC., = T. ulmifolia, Linn., var. ». cerulea, Urb. [i. p. 476.] Piriqueta odorata, Urb. loc. cit. p. 80, = Erblichia odorata, Seem. ip. 482] 0 CUCURBITACEZ. This Order has been monographed by A. Cogniaux in De Candolle’s ‘Suites au Prodromus,’ vol. iii.; and the additions and principal modifications are given below, with references to the pages in vol. i. of this work. [i. p. 483.] 1*. Luffa cylindrica, Rem. Syn. fase. ii. p. 63; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. ii. p. 456. Throughout the tropics of the Old World, and frequently cultivated and half wild in Tropical America.—Mexico (Liebmann, 52; Pavon; Bourgeau, 3167), Yucatan (Schott, 6); Nicaraeua (Girsted, 28; Lévy, 23). [i. p. 483.] 2. Cucumis melo, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 1011, ed. 2, p. 1436; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. ili. p. 482. _ Cucumis campechianus, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 122; huj. op. i. p. 483. [i. p. 484.] 5*. Sicana odorifera, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4, vol. xviii. p. 181; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 522. Mexico (Mogino & Sessé).—CotomBia to Peru and Brazit, and in the West Inpins. A monotypic genus. [i. p. 483.] 1*. Cucurbita galeottii, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 551. Mexico, San Pedro Nolasco (Galeotti). 40 . SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 493.] 1*. Schizocarpum liebmannii, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. ii. p. 953. Mexico, San Miguel (Ziebmann), near Mexico (Uhden). [i. p.484.] 1*. Melothria angustiloba, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 579. Mexico, Potrero (Hahn). [i. p. 484.] 1**. Melothria guadalupensis, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iti. p-. 580. Mexico (Schiede), Tampico de Tamaulipas (Berlandier).—West InDies and GUIANA. [i. p. 484.] 3&4. Melothria fluminensis, Gardn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1. p. 173; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 583. Apodanthera gracilis, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. p. 99; huj. op. 1. p. 486. Mexico, Chinantla (Galeotti, 1880), San Martin (Hahn), Vera Cruz (Gouin) ; CENTRAL America (@rsted), Granada (Lévy), San Juan de Nicaragua (Friedrichsthal) ; Costa Rica (Hoffmann); Panama (Fendler)—West Inpizs to BRazi, and Paraguay. Var. c. triangularis, Cogn. Mexico (Pavon). [i. p. 484.] 4*. Melothria pendula, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 39, ed. 2, p. 493. Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 586. Carouina to Texas ; New Mexico.—Maxico (Pavon), Vera Cruz (Wawra), Cerra del Olomete (Karwinsky).—Cuna. [i. p. 484.] 2%. Anguria trifoliata, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, p. 1376; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 664. , Mexico (Pavon).— West INDIES. [i p. 484.] 2. Anguria pedata, Jacq. Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 665. Var. y. affinis, Cogn. |. c. p. 666. Panama (Duchassaing). fi. p. 484.] 4. Anguria warscewiczil, Hook. f.; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 667. Costa Rica, Ayvacate (Grsted), in addition to localities given. [i. p. 485.] 1. Maximowiczia lindheimeri, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 727. . Sicydium lindheimeri, A. Gray, Pl. Lindh. ii. p. 194; huj. op. i. p. 485. 2. Maximowiczia tripartita, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. +p. 728. Texas.— Mexico (Edwards). : [i. p. 486. | 9, CAYAPONTA. Cayaponia, Manso, Enum. subst. Braz. p. 31 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 738. Cogniaux enumerates sixty species, all but one African inhabiting Tropical America. CUCURBITACEA. 4] 1, Cayaponia alata, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 746. Sour Mexico, Yucatan, Hacienda Sara-Grossa (Schott). 2, Cayaponia americana, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 785. Var. «. erstedii, Cogn. 1. c. p. 787. . CenTRaL America (rsted) ; Nicaragua, Granada (Grsted).—West INDIES. 3. Cayaponia attenuata, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 770. Trianosperma attenuata, Hemsl. in huj. op. i. p. 486. 4. Cayaponia grandiflora, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 779. South Mexico, Yucatan, Picul (Schott). 5. Cayaponia heterophylla, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 758. GuatemaLa, Mazatenango (Bernoulli). 6. Cayaponia ? maximowiczii, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 745. Mexico (Lrvendberg ; Liebmann), Chiconamel (Karwinskt), Misantla (Hahn). 7. Cayaponia racemosa, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 768. Trianosperma racemosa, Hemsl. in huj. op. i. p. 486. Var. e. scaberrima, Cogn. Costa Rica, San José (Girsted), Ujaras (Grsted). Var. ¢. palmatipartita, Cogn. Mexico (Sartorius ; Swartz), Tampico (Berlandier), Cordova (Bourgeau) ; Nicaragua, Omotépé (Lévy). Var. n. microcarpa, Cogn. Mexico, Mirador (Wawra ; Liebmann). [i. p. 488.] 6*. Elaterium trilobatum, Schlecht. in Linnea, xxiv. p. 639; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 861. — Mexico (Schiede).—CoLoMBIA. [i. p. 489.] 1*. Cyclanthera biglandulifera, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan, iii. p. 849. Mexico (Pavon). | [i. p. 489.] 12. Cyclanthera multifoliolata, Cogn. C. multifoliola, Hemsl. [i p. 489.] 4. Cyclanthera naudiniana, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 832. Cyclanthera dissecta, A. Gray (non Arn.) ; huj. op. i. p. 489. [i. p. 490.] 12*. Cyclanthera cerstedii, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iti. p. 806. Costa Rica, San José (sted), Catalina (Girsted), Pacaca (Girsted). BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. 1V., February 1886. g 42 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 490.] 9 & 18. Cyclanthera tamnoides, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fasc. ii. p. 64; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. tii. P- 848. Cyclanthera hastata, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fase. ii. p. 64; DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 848. [i. p. 490.] 15%. Cyclanthera triangi, Cogn. Diag. Cucurb. Nouv. fase. ii. p. 75; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 844. New GRANADA. Var. B. Villosa, Cogn. Mexico, Oaxaca ((hiesbreght). [i p. 490.] 3,4,&7. Sicyos deppei, G. Don, Gen. Syst. iii. p. 34; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. ii. p. 876. Sicyos microphyllus, H. B. K. Sicyos vitifolius, Hook. et Arn. [i. p. 490.] 5 & 6. Sicyos laciniatus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 1013, ed. 2, p. 1459; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 879. Sicyos parviflorus, A. Gray, Pl. Wright. part ii. p. 62 (non Willd.). Sicyos parvifolius, A. Gray, ex Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 22. [i. p. 490.] 8*. Sicyos galeottii, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 883. Mexico, Oaxaca (aleotts). [i. p. 490.] 2. Sicyos parviflorus, Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. p..626; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. ili. p. 885. Sicyos depauperatus, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 23; huj. op. i. p. 490. [i. p. 491.] 1. Sicydium schiedeanum, Schlecht. in Linnea, Vii. p. 388 ; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. ii. p. 904. Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede), Vera Cruz, near Mirador (Sartorius). [i p. 491.] 2. Sicydium tamnifolium, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 906. Triceratia bryonioides, A. Rich. Fl. Cub. p. 614; huj. op. 1. p. 491. Ecuapor ; New Granapa; VENEZUELA.—Panama (S. Hayes, 191; Seemann) ; Costa Rica (Hoffmann); Nicaracua (Lévy, 279); Sourm Mexico, Yucatan, Tiop (Linden, 987 ; Schott), Ballam (Pavon), Campeche (Linden).—CuBa. [i. p. 491.] 1. Microsechium helleri, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 910. Sicyos helleri, Peyritsch in Linnea, xxx. p. 56. Sicyos scaberrimus, Galeotti in Linnea, .xx. p. 57. Microsechium ruderale, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 25. Microsechium guatemalense, Hemsley, Diag. Pl. Nov. pars i. p. 16. [i. p. 492.] 2. Microsechium palmatum, Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p- 911. Sicyos palmata, Moc. et Sessé, Fl. Mex. Ic. ined. tab. 355. Sechium palmatum, Ser. in DC. Prod. iii. p. 318. Microsechium ruderale, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, vi. p. 25; huj. op. i. p. 492. CUCURBITACEA. 43 (i. p. 493.] Feuillea cordifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1. p. 1013; Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. iii. p. 941. Var. 8. hederacea, Cogn. Mexico (Pavon ; Mogino et Sessé).—W. Ixpims: and Cotomara to Perv. Feuillea is an exclusively American genus of about six species. — ACTACE. [i. p. 502.] 4*. Mamillaria acifer, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. _ xxiv. p. 109. Mexico (ex Jacodi). [i. p. 505.] 31*. Mamillaria canescens, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 89. Mexico ? (Galeottt). [i. p. 506.] 43. Mamillaria conoidea, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. | Norra Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 378). [i p. 507.] 56*. Mamillaria decora, Feerst. in Hamb. Gart. Zeit. xvi. p. 159. Mexico. [i. p.507.] 58*. Mamillaria diacentra, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 91. “Mexico? [i. p.513.] 120**. Mamillaria lamprocheta, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 82. Mexico. [i p. 514.] 142. Mamillaria micromeris, Engelm.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nort Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer). | [i p. 515.] 144*. Mamillaria monocentra, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. - Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 90. Mexico ? [i. p. 516.] 159*. Mamillaria odieriana, 6. subcurvata, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 83. [i. p. 516.] 162*. Mamillaria palmeri, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 82. Mexico ¢ [i. p. 518.] 172***. Mamillaria plinthimorpha, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 92. Mexico ((Galeottt). ; 9g 44 SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 518.] 179*. Mamillaria potosiana, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 92. Norra Mexico, San Luis Potosi (ex Jacobi). [i. p. 518.] 179**. Mamillaria porphyracantha, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 81. ; Mexico? [i. p. 520.] 195. Mamillaria radians, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Norta Mexico, in the mountains west of Saltillo (Palmer). [i. p. 521.] 203*. Mamillaria rhodantha, «. centrispina, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 83. [i. p. 522.] 210*. Mamillaria sanguinea, Regel. Descr. Pl. Nov. fase. vill. (1883), p. 8, et Gartenflora, xxxii. p. 66, t. L111. Mexico. Imported and cultivated by Haage of Erfurt. [i. p. 525.] 244", Mamillaria sulcoglandulifera, Jacobi.in Otto & Dietr. — Allg. Gart. Zeit. xxiv. p. 92. , , Nort Mexico, San Luis Potosi (ex Jacob). [i. p. 526.] 267*. Mamillaria webbiana, 8. longispina, Jacobi in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. p. 83. [i. p. 529.] 10. Echinocactus bicolor, Gal.t; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nortu Mexico, at Saltillo (Palmer, 379). [i. p. 532.] 50. Echinocactus horizonthalionis, Lem.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xvii. p. 360. Nort Mexico, at Saltillo (Palmer, 380). [i. p. 534.] 65. Hchinocactus longehamatus, Gal.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nort Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer). [i. p. 536.) 88. Echinocactus pilosus, Gal.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Norra Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 375). [i. p. 541.] 13. Cereus cinerascens, DC.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. . | Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Parras and Saltillo (Palmer, 369, 370, 371). [i. p. 543.) 39%. Cereus linn, Ferst. in Hamb. Gart. Zeit. xvii. p. 165. MEXICO. CACTACER. AB [i. p. 544.] 43*. Cereus maritimus, M. E. Jones in Amer. Nat. xvii. (1883), p-. 933. | Nortu Mexico, Encinada (Jones). [i. p. 544.] 48*. Cereus (Lepidocereus) pringlei, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 368. Nortu Mexico, south of the Altar River, north-western Sonora (Pringle). [i. p. 51.] 28. Opuntia imbricata, DC. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nortu Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 377). [i. p. 552.] 30. Opuntia kleiniz, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p- 360 | Nortn Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 376). UMBELLIFER. [i p. 598.| 5. Hydrocotyle prolifera, Kellog; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Watson considers Parry and Palmer’s 1068 and Coulter’s 107, referred by us to H. interrupta, to belong to this species. [i. p. 560.] 6. Eryngium carling, Delar.; S$. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 361. Nortu Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 6). Watson also refers Parry and Palmer’s 286 to this species; we have it under E. wrightii. [i p. 561.] 10. Eryngium deppeanum, Cham. et Schl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nort Mexico, in woods near Morales (Schaffner, 8), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 285). We had referred this number of Parry & Palmer's to #. aquaticum. [i. p. 561.] 21. Eryngium nasturtiifolium, Juss.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Nort Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 384). [i. p. 562.] 32%. Eryngium yucosfolium, Michx. var.t; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 360. Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains south-east of Monclova (Palmer, 417). 46 | SUPPLEMENT. [i. p. 565.] 1*. Eulophus texanus, Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. pp. 882 et 885; S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 361. Tauschia texana, A. Gr. Pl. Lindh. p. 211, et Pl. Wright. 1. p. 79. Texas.—Norta Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 386). [i. p. 566.] 3%. Apium popei, A. Gr. in Proc. ‘Am. Acad. vii. p. 343; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 361. Ammoselinum popei, Torr. & A. Gr. Pacif. Railr. Rep. ii. p. 165. Trexas.—NortH Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 9109 in part). [i. p. 569.] 1. Angelica mexicana, Vatke; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVii. p- 361. Peucedanum spp. nn. 3 et 7, Biol. Centr.-Am., Bot. i. p. 570, fide Wats. Sovro Mexico, valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 316, 571). Hb. Kew. [i. p. 570.) 1*. Peucedanum mexicanum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 361. Norta Mexico, near Morales (Schaffner, 4), region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 288). Hb. Kew. : ARALIACEA. [i. p. 574.] 15. Oreopanax xalapense, Planch. et Dene. On the authority of Seemann (Journ. Bot. vii. p. 351), Monopanax ghiesbreghtii, Regel, Gartenfl. 1869, p. 35, t. 606, is a synonym of this. CAPRIFOLIACE. | [ii. p. 2:] 9. Viburnum membranaceum, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 96. | Norra Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 388). [ii. p. 4.] 1. Symphoricarpus microphyllus, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 96. NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo and at Lerios east of that city (Palmer, 390). | [ii. p. 5.] 1*. Lonicera albiflora, Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 6. ARKANSAS ; Texas.—NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 389). | [ii. p. 5.] 2*. Lonicera involucrata, Banks; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 9;.S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 96. Watson states that L. mociniana, DC., is doubtless this species, which inhabits North America from Saskatchewan southward to California. RUBIACEA. | | 47 RUBIACE. [ii. p. 29.] .5*. Oldenlandia ovata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 97. Nortu Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 399), region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 6761). Hb. Kew. - [ii p. 31.] Houstonia (Ereicotis) acerosa, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 203, in nota; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 98. Mallostoma acerosa, Hemsl. huj. op. ii. p. 31. . Nortu Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, at Soledad, and at Juraz, Coahuila, and from the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 400, 401, 402, 403). Hb. Kew. We follow Dr. Gray in finally referring this plant to Houstonia. | [ii. p. 29.] 1. Houstonia angustifolia, Michx.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XViil. p. 97. Nort Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 2116), San Miguelito Mountains (Schaffner, 614). Var. scabra, S. Wats. 1. c. Nort Mexico, Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 410). [ii. p. 30.] 3*. Houstonia (Ereicotis) fasciculata, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 203 ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 98. TEXAS Norn Mexico, in the mountains north- east of Monclova and at Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 404, 406). [ii p. 30.] 5*. Houstonia palmeri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 202; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 97. NortH Mexico, Lerios, east of Saltillo, and in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo. (Palmer, 397, 398). Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 39.] 1*. Basanacantha ? reticulata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVlil. p. 98. Nort# Mexico, San Lorenzo la Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 393). [ii. p. 40.] 7. Randia xalapensis, Mart. et Gal.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 98. Nort Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 158). [ii. p. 41.] 1. Genipa caruto, H. B. K. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 1645). Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 42.] 1*. Machaonia fasciculata, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 77. Mexico (Coulter, 1167). | [ii. p. 48.] 6*. Psychotria chontalensis, Seem. Flore des Serres, sub t. 1938. Nicaragua, Chontales (Seemann). 48 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 48.] 8*. Psychotria cyanococca, Seem.; Fl. Mag. t. 479, copied in Flore des Serres, t. 1938. Nicaraeua, Chontales (Seemann). [ii. p. 56.] 9. Diodia tetracocca, Hemsl.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 78. Oe Gray finds this not specifically different from his D. tricocca, and refers both forms to the genus Crusea under the name of C. allococca, A. Gr. il. p. BT, line 12 from top, add DC. after Crusea coccinea. ii. p. 57, line 7 from bottom, for subulata read subalata. [il. p. 60.] 23. Spermacoce subulata, Pav.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 78. | Dr. Gray refers this to the genus Crusea. "fii. p. 61.] 1. Mitracarpum breviflorum, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 98. Nortu Mexico, valley of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 1035). fii. p. 62.] 1. Galium (Relbunium) aschenbornil, Schauer in Linnea, xx. p. 701; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 99. Norra Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 841), without locality (Aschenborn). [ii. p. 65.] 12. Galium obstipum, Schl. GuaTEeMALAa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1653). Hb. Kew. [ii p. 66.) 14, Galium proliferum, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. . Xvill. p. 99. Trxas.—NortH Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 411). VALERIANACE. [ii. p. 68.] 10*. Valeriana mikania, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. ii. p. 316. | : GuaTeMALa. Raised from seeds among the rubbish received with Mr. Skinners’s Guatemala Orchids. | | [ii. p. 69.] 24. Valeriana, sp. (Astrephia meaxicana, Seem. nec Hook. et Am. =19. Valeriana sorbifolia, H. B. K. fide 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 99. COMPOSITA, 49 COMPOSITA. [ii. p. 71.] 15*. Vernonia ervendbergii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 203; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 100. Vernonia liatroides, A. Gr. in op. cit. v. p. 181, excl. syn. et pl. Coult. Norta Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 750); Sourn Mexico, Tantoyuca (Zrvendberg). Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 72.] 17*. Vernonia greggii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 204; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 100. Nortu Mexico, without locality (Gregg, 102). Var. palmeri, A. Gr. 1. ¢. Nortn Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 753). [ii. p. 74.] 36*. Vernonia schaffneri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 204; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 100. Norra Mexico, mountains near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 347). [ii. p. 76.] 1. Elephantopus angustifolius, Swartz. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1625). Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 76.] 1*. Elephantopus cuneifolius, Fournier in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Comptes Rendus des Séances, xxx. (1883), p. 186. Sout Mexico, common about Cordova (Kerber). [ii p. 81.] 6. Ageratum corymbosum, Zuccag.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvili. p. 100. Norra Mexico, Saltillo and Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 427, 428). [ii. p. 84.] Stevia amabilis, Lemmon; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 1. Norta Mexico, Cave Cafion, Arizona (Lemmon). [ii. p. 84.] 3. Stevia berlandieri, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. North Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 432). [ii. p. 85.] 16. Stevia eupatoria, Willd.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Stevia purpurea, Lag., fide Watson. Norra Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 433). [ii. p. 88.] 48. Stevia paniculata, Lag.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 439). BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. [V., March 1887. h 50 SUPPLEMENT. ii. p. 89.] 58. Stevia salicifolia, Cav.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Norra Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 431). [ii p. 92.] 14. Hupatorium azureum, DC.; %. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Nortu Mexico, Guajuco and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 434, 437, 438). [ii. p. 98.] 20. Hupatorium betonicum, Hemsl. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Norra Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 425). [ii. p. 93.] 29*. Eupatorium (Phanerostylis) coahuilense, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 205; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 101. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 453). [ii. p. 96.] 54*. Eupatorium incarnatum, Walt. Carol. p. 200; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 90; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 100. Sourn CAROLINA to Fiormpa and Texas.—Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 429). [ii. p. 96.] 65. Eupatorium ligustrinum, DC. Prodr. v. p. 181; Vatke in Regel’s Gartenflora, xxii. p. 36 (varietates a et B). Eupatorium myriadenium, Schauer in Linnea, xix. p. 721. Eupatorium weinmannianum, Regel et Koern. in Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1857, p. 41. This plant has long been cultivated in European gardens under various names. ‘Vatke (J. c.) enumerates the following -—Fupatorium glabrum, EF. glaucum, E. album, E. odoratum, E. odoratissimum, EF. roseum, F. morisii, Ageratum glaucum, A, album ; also the following :—Hupatorium biceps, Klotzsch, MS. in herb. reg. Berol.; 2. gabel- lum, Otto, MS. in herb. reg. Berol.; #. iodopappum, Schz. Bip. MS. [ii p. 97.] 74. Eupatorium micranthum, Less.,=£. ligustrinum, DC.; Vatke in Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol., App. 1872, p. 4. This appears to be the oldest appellation for this much-named species. [ii. p. 98.] 80*. Eupatorium oaxacanum, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 4). Sourn Mexico, mountains of Oaxaca (#. Cuming). [ii. p. 98.] 92. Eupatorium petiolare, Mog.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 101. Nortn Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, +40). [ii. p. 100.] 113*. Eupatorium serotinum, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 100; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 89; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvill. p. 100. COMPOSITA. 51 Nort CaRoLina and Inurnois to FLoripa and Texas.—Norri Mexico, without loca- lity (Palmer, 424). [ii. p. 102.] 133*. EKupatorium tulanum, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 3). SoutH Mexico, Tula to Tampico (Berlandier, 2139). _ fii. p. 102.] 135*. Hupatorium vernale, Vatke et Kurtz in Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Berol., App. 1871, p. 2; Regel’s Gartenflora, xxii. p. 36, t. 750. MExico? [ii. p. 102.] 2. Barroetea subuligera, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 101. Nortu Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 452). [ii. p. 103.] 4*. Mikania fendleri, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 5). Panama, Chagres (Fendler, 151). Probably not different from M. gonoclada. [ii. p. 105.] 5. Brickellia coulteri, A.Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 101. Nort Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 451). [ii p. 106.] 14*. Brickellia odontophylla, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 206; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 101. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 442). fii. p. 108.] 1. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 91; DC. Prodr. v. p. 126; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 101. Eupatorium canescens, Ort. Dec. p. 34. Cupa.—Norta Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer). [ii p. 108.] 1. Liatris punctata, Hook.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 101. Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, at Monclova and Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 418, 419, 420). (ii. p. 111.] 33*, GREENELLA. Greenella, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. p. 81. This genus comes between Xanthocephalum and Gutierrezia. One other species, G. arizonica, is known: it may also grow south of the Gila. [ii. p. 111.] 1. Greenella discoidea, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 2. Norra Mexico, Tanner’s Cafion, Huachuca (Lemmon). h2 52 SUPPLEMENT. ii. p. 112.] 5. Gutierrezia microcephala, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 101. Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, and at Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 460, 463). [ii. p. 112.) 9*. Grindelia arizonica, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 208; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 101. Arizona.—Norta Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 467). [ii. p. 112.] 2**. Grindelia costata, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 208 ; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 102. Nortu Mexico, near Juraz in Coahuila, 100 miles north of Monclova (Palmer, 472). [ii. p.113.] 2*. Heterotheca lamarckii, Cass. Dict. xxi. p. 180; DC. Prodr. v. p. 317; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Heterotheca scabra, DC. Prodr. v. p. 317; Torr. & A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ui. p. 251. SourH CAROLINA westward and southward.—Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 481). [ii. p.114.] 3*. Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt., var. canescens, A. Gr.; Torr. & Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 256 (species) ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Trexas.—Nortna Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 480). ii. p. 115.] 1*. Bigelovia drummondii, A. Gr., var.?; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. | Trxas.—Nortu Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 485). [ii. p.115.] 5. Bigelovia veneta, A. Gr.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Nortu Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 483). (ii. p. 116.] 3*. Solidago nemoralis, Ait., var. incana, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xv. p. 197; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102; Torr. & A. Gr. FIN. Am. ii. p. 221 (species). CawaDa southward.—Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 489). fii. p. 117.) 1. Aphanostephus humilis, A.Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Norra Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 529). [ii. p. 118.] 2. Aphanostephus ramosissimus, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Norra Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 532). (ii. p. 118.] 1. Distasis modesta, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 102. Nortu Mexico, in various localities (Palmer, 500, 603, 508). COMPOSITA. 53 [ii. p.119.] 2. Psilactis brevilingulata, Schultz Bip.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 102. Norta Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 515, 528). [ii p.121.] 4. Aster divaricatus, Nutt.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 103. NortH Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 526). [ii. p. 123.] 1*. Erigeron arizonicus, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 2. Norra Mexico, Tanner’s Cafion, Huachuca (Lemmon). ii. p. 124.) 9*. Erigeron lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 2. Nortu Mexico, Tanner’s Caton, Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 124.] 14*. Erigeron dryophyllus, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 210. North Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 495). [ii. p. 125.] 15. Erigeron palmeri, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Norra Mexico, Saltillo and Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 496). [ii. p. 125.] 16. Erigeron pubescens, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. NortH Mexico, in various localities (Palmer, 530, 531, 2074). [ii. p. 128.] 2. Baccharis angustifolia, Michx.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Nort Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 541, 542). [ii. p. 128.] 4. Baccharis bigelovii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 103. Nort Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 537). [ii. p. 181.] 28. Baccharis pteronioides, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Baccharis ramulosa, A. Gr. ; huj. op. ii. p. 131, fide S. Wats. Nortu Mexico, without locality (Palmer, 513, 514). [ii. p. 132.] 42*. Baccharis thomasii, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 6). SoutH Mexico, Orizaba (Thomas, 1866). [ii. p. 183.] 1*. Pluchea camphorata, DC. Prodr. v. p. 452; A. Gr. Man. Bot. ‘Northern U. 8S. ed. 5, p. 247; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. MAssAcHUSETTS southward.—NortH Mexico, in the mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 544). 54 SUPPLEMENT. fii. p. 133.] 3. Pluchea odorata, Cass.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Nortn Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 549). [ii. p. 133.] 5. Pluchea subdecurrens, DC., var. canescens, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Norrn Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 546). (ii. p. 135.] 1*. Gnaphalium arizonicum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 3.° Nortn Mexico, near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 137.] 3*. Gnaphalium bourgovii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 3. Sourn Mexico, valley of Cordova (Bourgeau, 1852). (ii. p.137.] 16. Gnaphalium oxyphyllum, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. Nort Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 551). [ii. p. 137.] 16*. Gnaphalium pannosum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 3. Nort Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi, 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 420 ; Schaffner, 227). Hb. Kew. ii. p. 137.] 17. Gnaphalium polycephalum, Michx. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 1506 a). Hb. Kew. rii. p. 137.] 18. Gnaphalium purpurascens, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. Nortn Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 2017). Watson reduces G. schraderi, DC., to this species, and suggests that it may be the same as G. roseum, H.B.K. There still remains much to be done in limiting the species of Gnaphalium coming within our area. [ii. p.137.] 22. Gnaphalium semiamplexicaule, DC. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 104. Nortn Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 553). [ii p.138.] 25. Gnaphalium sprengelii, Hook. et Arn.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 103. Nort Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 548, 552). [ii. p. 144.] 2. Baltimora scolopospermum, Steetz. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 1558). Hb. Kew. (ii. p.144.] 1. Dicranocarpus parviflorus, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. Nortn Mexico, Monclova (Palmer, 641). COMPOSITZ. 5d [ii p.148.] 1. Parthenium argentatum, A. Gr. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. Norra Mexico, without locality (Palmer, 566, 646). [ii. p.148.] 1*. Parthenium confertum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 216; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 104. Norta Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 648), Parras (Gregg). [ii. p. 148.] 3. Parthenium hysterophorus, Linn. GuaATeMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 1421). Hb. Kew. [ii. p.148.] 4*. Parthenium lyratum, A. Gr. ined.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. NortH Mexico, without locality (Palmer, 647). [ii. p.149.] 1*. Iva ambrosiefolia, A. Gr. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. NortH Mexico, without locality (Palmer, 573, 574). [ii p.149.] 2. Iva dealbata, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 104. Norrie Mexico, at Soledad and Monclova (Palmer, 737, 738). [ii. p.152.] 1. Zinnia acerosa, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p-. 104. Norta Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 577, 578). [ii. p.153.] 3. Zinnia anomala, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 105. NorrH Mexico, Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 581). [ii. p.153.] 8. Zinnia juniperifolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 104. — NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 576). [ii. p.155.] 3. Sanvitalia angustifolia, Engelm.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 105. Nort Mexico, Parras and Saltillo (Palmer, 588, 591). [ii. p.156.] 3. Heliopsis parvifolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 105. Nort Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 586). [ii. p. 160.] 7. Zaluzania triloba, Pers.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 105. | NortH Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 592). 56 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p.164.] 2*. Sclerocarpus kerberi, Fournier in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Comptes Rendus des Séances, xxx. (1883) p. 183. Souta Mexico, Cordova (Keréer). [ii. p.166.] 19*. Montanoa thomasii, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 8). SoutH Mexico, Orizaba (Thomas, 1866). [ii p.172.] 2. Zexmenia brevifolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 105. Trxas.—Nortu Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 625). [ii. p.174.] 20. Zexmenia scandens, Hemsl. The specific name was given'to this in consequence of Bourgeau designating it a “liane ;” but Dr. A. Gray sends a specimen of it to Kew collected by himself at Cordova, with the observation “ frutex arborescens valde patens, nec scandens.” fii. p.174.] 23. Zexmenia stenantha, Hemsl.,=Z. crocea, A. Gr., fide Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 11. ii. p. 176, nine lines from bottom, for recurrens read decurrens. [ii. p.177.] 2. Viguiera canescens, DC.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 105. Norte Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 618). [ii. p.178.] 5*. Viguiera ghiesbreghtii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 6. SourH Mexico, pine-forests in Morelia (Ghiesbreght, 381). [ii p.178.] 7. Viguiera helianthoides, H.B.K. vide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 6. [ii. p.178.] 14. Viguiera seemanni, Schultz Bip.,=Oyedwa seemanni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 10. [ii. p.179.] 1*. Helianthus annuus, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2, p.1276; DC. Prodr. vy. p. 585; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 105. Helianthus lenticularis, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1265. CatirorNiA to Nepraska and ‘Texas.—Nortu Mexico, without locality (Palmer, 600). | fii. p.179.] 2. Helianthus cernuus, Benth. et Hook., is a true Flourensia, vide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 7. (ii. p.179.] 3. Helianthus ciliaris, DC., var., S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 106. NortH Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 616). COMPOSITZA. 57 [ii. p. 180.] 13*. Helianthus tephrodes, A. Gr. in Torr. Bot. U.S. and Mex. Bound. Surv. p. 90, et in Proc. Am, Acad. xx. p. 298. Viguiera nivea, A. Gr. in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. i. p. 354, excl. syn. Viguiera tephrodes, A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 271. . Gymnolomia encelioides, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p- 4, et Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 269. CaLIFoRNIA.—NortH Mexico, Sonora, sand hills near the Gulf of California (Pringle). [ii. p.184.] 8. Encelia halimifolia, Cav.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 8. Nortu Mexico, Yaqui River, Sonora (Palmer). [ii. p.184.] 12. Encelia mexicana, Mart. A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 8, regards the following names as either certainly or probably synonyms :—Coreopsis fetida, Cav., Encelia fetida, Hemsl., Simsia fici- folia, Pers., Simsia auriculata, DC., Simsia amplexicaulis, Pers., Encelia amplexicaulis, Hemsl., Helianthus ampleaicaulis, DC., Simsia schaffneri, Schultz Bip., Simsia cordata, Schz. Bip., Ximenesia cordata, H. B. K., and Encelia cordata, Hemsl. [ii. p.184.] 12. Encelia mexicana, Mart.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 106. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 493). [ii. p.185.] 15. Encelia sericea, Hemsl., is perhaps the same as Encelia ghies- breghtiana, A. Gr. [ii. p.185.] 17. Encelia subaristata, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 106. Texas.—NortH Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 615). [ii p.185.] 1. Helianthella mexicana, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. p. 106. North Mexico, Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 601). [ii. p.185.] ACTINOMERIS. Dr. Gray reduces this to VERBESINA, vide Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 11. (ii. p.187.] 4*. Verbesina coahuilensis, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 14. North Mexico, mountains six miles east of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 584, 619). [ii. p.187.]. 4**. Verbesina coulteri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 13. Sovran Mexico, Zimapan (Coulter, 341, 369). [ii. p.189.] 17. Verbesina ovatifolia, A. Gr. ined. vide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 15. [ii. p.190.] 380*. Verbesina virginica, Linn., var. palmeri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 11; 8S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 106. Norte Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 733). This species ranges from VIRGINIA and ILLINOIS southward. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV , March 1887, é 58 | SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 190.]. 30**. Verbesina wrightii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 12; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 106. Arizona to Texas.—Norta Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, and at Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 585, 597, 598). This is under Actinomeris in this work, ii. p. 186. [ii. p.193.] 10. Spilanthes sessilifolia, Hemsl., is Jegerta hirta, Less. [ii. p.195.] 1. Coreopsis anthemoides, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 15. [ii. p.196.] 9*. Coreopsis schaffneri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 15. Norra Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 448 ; Schaffner, 202). ii. p. 197, two lines from top, for 5183 read 5813. [ii p.198.] 1. Thelesperma gracile, Torr. et A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Norra Mexico, Saltillo and Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 639). ii. p. 199, six lines from bottom, for Cosmos read Bidens, and add Cosmos after Bot. Mag. t. 5227. [ii. p. 202.] 18. Bidens heterophylla, Ort. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 107. . Nortu Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 634). [ii. p.202.] 20. Bidens longifolia, DC., = B. heterophylla, Ort. fide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 15. [ii. p. 203.] 25. Bidens procera, Don; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 16. To this Dr. Gray would refer B. feniculifolia, DC., and the specimens we have referred to B. ferulefolia, DC. _ fii. p.211.] 1. Hymenopappus flavescens, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 650). [ii p.211.] 1*. Hymenopappus mexicanus, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 29. New Mexico; Arizona.—NortH Mexico, mountains near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). Wright’s specimen from Fronteras referred to H. flavescens belongs to this species. [ii. p.211.] 1. Bahia absinthiifolia, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Norte Mexico, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 663, 672, 674) COMPOSIT A. 59 Var. dealbata, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 27; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. — Acad. xviii. p. 107. Nort Mexico, near Monclova (Palmer). [ii. p.214.] 2. Florestina tripteris, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Texas.—Nortu Mexico, Coahuila (Palmer, 654). [ii. p. 214.] 1. Palafoxia latifolia, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 31. ‘“‘ Apparently unknown to recent botanists; but having ‘opposite cordate leaves,’ it can hardly be of this genus.”—A. Gray. There is a specimen in Kew Herbarium of Andrieux’s 286, upon which De Candolle founded this species, and there is no doubt it belongs to the genus Palafozia as limited by Bentham and Hooker, and to Polypteris as restored by Gray himself; therefore Polypteris latifolia, Hemsl. Indeed it is very near P. lindeni, A. Gr., which.has the lower leaves strictly opposite, like P. latifolia. [ii. p.214.] 2. Palafoxia lindeni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 30. Dr. Gray restores the genus Polypteris, Nutt., to which he refers this plant. (ii. p.214.] 38. Palafoxia linearis, Lag.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. North Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 643). This species should include P. leucophylla, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. vii. p. 291, fide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 31. [ii. p.214.] 4. Palafoxia texana, DC. Polypteris terana, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Norta Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 645). (ii. p.215.] 1*. Sartwellia mexicana, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 34; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Nort Mexico, Monclova and San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 683, 687). [ii. p.216.] 1. Flaveria angustifolia, Pers.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Norte Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 684). [ii. p. 216.] 5. Flaveria chlorefolia, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 107. Norra Mexico, Juraz and Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 682, 2083). [ii. p. 216.] 5. Flaveria longifolia, A.Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 107. — Gymnosperma ? oppositifolium, DC. Prodr. v. p. 312. Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 681, 685). a2 60 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p.216.] 6. Flaveria repanda, Lag.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XViii. p- 107. NortH Mexico, near Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 686). (ii. p.216.] 3*. Porophyllum ervendbergii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 35. Porophyllum ellipticum, var., A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 184. SourH Mexico, Wartenberg, Tantoyuca (Ervendberg, 75). [ii. p. 216.] 3**. Porophyllum filifolium, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 35; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 107. Nortu MExico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 688). [ii. p. 216.] 3***. Porophyllum gracile, Benth. Bot. Voy. ‘Sulphur,’ p. 29; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 36. Lower Catirornia.— Mexico (Coulter, 449)? [ii. p. 217.] 6. Porophyllum linaria, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 36. To this Dr. Gray refers the numbers enumerated under our Porophyllum, sp. 17. ii. p. 217.] 9. Porophyllum macrocephalum, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. p. 108. Norta Mexico, Soledad (Palmer, 704). ii. p. 217.] 12. Porophyllum scoparium, A. Gr.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. Nort Mexico, at Parras, Saltillo, and Monterey (Palmer, 690 to 694). [ii. p. 218.] 1. Nicolletia edwardsii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. Norta Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer). ii. p. 218, seventeen lines from bottom, for Dyssodia read Dysodia. [ii. p. 219.] 1. Dysodia appendiculata, Lag.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 38. Aster americana, Houst. Relig. t. 18. Aster aurantius, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 877. Clomenocoma aurantia, Cass. Dict. ix. p. 416, et lix. p. 56; DC. Prodr. v. p. 641. Clappia aurantiaca, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1104?, fide A. Gr. [ii. p. 219.] 3. Dysodia grandiflora, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p- 38. The synonyms quoted under this belong to a distinct species, Dysodia montana, A. Gr. COMPOSITE. 61 ~ [ii p. 219.] 3*. Dysodia integrifolia, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 37. South Mexico, district of Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 784). [ii. p. 219.] 4. Dysodia pubescens, Lag.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. Norti Mexioo, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 579, 580). [ii. p. 219.] 4*. Dysodia squamosa, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 38. Dysodia appendiculata, Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ‘ Herald,’ p. 308, et huj. op. exl. synon. p. 219, non Lag. fide A. Gr. Norra Mexico, Sierra Madre (Seemann, 1991), without locality (Gregg, 1061). [ii. p. 219.] 4**. Dysodia tagetiflora, Lag. Gen. et Sp. Nov. p. 29; A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 114, et in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 39. Bebera fastigiata, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. iv. p. 198. MEXICco. We had wrongly referred this species and its synonyms to D. chrysanthemoides. [ii. p. 220.] 7. Hymenatherum nel, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p- 41. Hymenatherum beberoides, A. Gr., fide A. Gr. 1. ec. Dr. Gray states that Parry and Palmer’s 517 is this species, at least as to his . specimens. [ii. p. 220.] 8. Hymenatherum pentachetum, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. Hymenatherum berlandieri, DC. fide 8. Wats. Nortu Mexico, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon (Palmer). [ii. p. 221.] 10*. Hymenatherum tenuilobum, DC. Prodr. v. p. 642; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 41. Hymenatherum tenuifolium, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 118, et huj. op. 1. p. 221, non Cass. The Mexican plant is distinct from the Chilian. [ii. p. 221.] 10**. Hymenatherum thurberi, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 41. Hymenatherum tenuifolium, var.?, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. 11. p. 98. Trexas.—Norru Mexico (Wright; Thurber; Parry). [ii. p. 222.] 4*. Tagetes lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 40. NortH Mexico, in the Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). (ii. p. 223.] 18*. Tagetes subulata, Liav. et Lex.; A.Gr.in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 43. To this Gray refers 7. multiseta, DC., and T. wislizeni, A. Gr., and, less confidently, T. oligocephala; and T. angustifolia, H. B. K., he reduces to T. coronopifolia, while T. clandestina, Lag., he thinks is T. fetidissima rather than T. coronopifolia. 62 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 224.] 1. Pectis angustifolia, Torr. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 46. . Norra Mexico, at Saltillo and Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 701, 702), region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 325; Parry & Palmer, 519). [ii. p. 225.] 6. Pectis canescens, H. B. K.; A. Gr. Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p- 117. Gray cites the following names as synonyms of this species :-—Lorentea canescens and L. satureicides, Less. in Linnea, v. p. 135, vi. p. 718; L. auricularis, L. canescens, and L. satureioides, DC. Prodr. v. p. 102; Pectis auricularis, P. canescens, and P satu- reioides, Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. ‘Herald, p. 225 (nomina tantum); Pectis latisquama, Schultz Bip. in Herb., A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 181, var. berlandieré, and P. longipes, huj. op. ii. p. 226, quoad pl. Berlandier, 3159. [ii. p. 226.] 20. Pectis prostrata, Cav.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. Nort Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 640). [ii. p. 226.] 23. Pectis tenella, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 46. Norra Mexico, Tamaulipas (Berlandier ; Gregq). [ii. p. 227.] 24. Pectis uniaristata, DC.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 46. | Norto Mexico, Manzanilla (Xantus). Var. holostemma, A. Gr. 1. c. Pectis filipes, Schultz Bip. in Hb. Liebm. non A. Gr. Souta Mexico, Consoquitla (Liebmann). [ii. p. 227.] 7. Helenium ooclinium, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 108. | Nort Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 719). (ii. p. 228.] Gaillardia comosa, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 34; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 109. Norta Mexico, at Saltillo (Palmer, 721). [ii..p..228.] Gaillardia mexicana, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 34; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 109. Trxas.—Norrs Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo, and at Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 725, 726). [ii. p. 228.] 1. Gaillardia pinnatifida, Torr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. Norra. Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 723). COMPOSITA. 63 [ii. p. 228.] 2*,. Gaillardia simplex, Scheele in Linnea, xxii. p.160; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. Agassizia suavis, A. Gr. et Engelm. in Proc. Am. Acad. i. p. 50; A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 120. Texas.—Norty Mexico, Saltillo and Monclova (Palmer, 727, 728). [ii. p. 228.] Actinella cooper, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad, vil. p. 394, et xix. p. 33. Catirornia.—Nortu Mexico, Tanner’s Cafion, Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 228.] Actinella insignis, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 31; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 109. Nort Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 632). [ii. p. 228.] Actinella linearifolia, Torr. et A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 382; A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 122; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. _ ARKANSAS; Texas.—NortH Mexico, Coahuila and Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 670, 671). [ii. p. 228.] 1*. Actinella (Plateilema) palmeri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 31; S. Wats. in op. cit. xvili. p. 109. Norta Mexico, Saltillo (Palmer, 554). (ii. p. 228.] 2. Actinella scaposa, Nutt.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. Norra Mextco, Coahuila and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 657, 658, 659). [ii. p. 231.] Artemisia klotzschiana, Bess. in Linnea, xv. p. 107; A. Gr. in Proc. Am, Acad. xix. p. 48. Artemisia, sp. (2), huj. op. i. p. 231. This species was founded upon an imperfect specimen collected by Schiede. [ii. p. 231.] Oligosporus mexicanus, Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. p. 264,—Artemisia mexicana, Willd. [ii. p. 231.] Artemisia indica y. mewicana, Bess. Abrot. p. 46, —Artemisia mexicana, Willd. [ii. p. 231.] 1. Artemisia mexicana, Willd.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. Norte Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 736). [ii. p. 234.] 1. Haploesthes greggii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. Norta Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 649). [ii. p. 235. | SENECIO. Dr. Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 51), in a review of some of the North- American and Mexican species of Senecio, restores the genus Cacalia. If this be followed (and 64 SUPPLEMENT. there is no doubt that Cacalia is as good a genus as many that are retained in the Helianthoidee and Helenioidez), a number of North-west Indian and South-African species must likewise be extracted from Senecio as left by Bentham. [ii. p. 235.] 1. Senecio acerifolius, K. Koch, Wochenschrift, 1861, p. 237. MEXxI00. This is apparently the same as §. angulifolius, DC. [ii. p. 236.] 8*. Senecio axillaris, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv., =§. salignus, DC., fide S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 109. [ii. p. 241.] 41*. Senecio hellerii, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 13). Sourn Mexico, Volcan de Toluca 14,000 feet (Heller, 355). [ii. p. 242.] 44%. Senecio huachucanus, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 54. Norta Mexico, mountains of Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 242.] 50*. Senecio madrensis, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 05; S. Wats. in op. cit. xviii. p. 110. NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 756). [ii. p. 246.] 71*. Senecio pullus, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 13). Sout Mexico, cordillera de Guichilaca (Berlandier, 1177). [ii. p. 246.] 77. Senecio sanguisorbz, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 110. Norta Mexico, Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer, 755). [ii. p. 248.] 88*. Senecio thomasii, Klatt in Abhandl. naturf. Gesellsch. Halle, xv. (reprint, p. 12). Soutu Mexico, Orizaba (Thomas, 1864). ii. p. 251, thirteen lines from top, for Cnicus conspicuus, Hemsl., read Benth. in Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. ii. p. 469. [ii. p. 255.] 2. Perezia alamani, Hemsl. (Dumerilia alamani, DC.),= Perezia adnata, A. Gr., fide A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 61. | The specimens cited under Perezia fruticosa are of this species. [ii. p. 255.] 2*. Perezia carpholepis, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 60. Perezia patens, var. 8 et var. y, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. 1. p. 127. Soutn Mexico, Chiapas (Linden, 439 ; Galeotti, 2001; Liebmann, 351; Ghiesbreght). [ii. p. 256.] 3*. Perezia dugesii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 60, South Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). COMPOSITA. 65 [ii. p. 256.] 3**, Perezia formosa, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 08. All the synonyms, except Acourtia turbinata, DC., cited in this work, ii. p. 257, under Perezia turbinata, Llav. et Lex., belong here. [ii. p. 256.] 6. Perezia humboldtii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 59. - A factitious species made up of Dumerilia humboldtii, Less., which may be the same as Perezia reticulata, A. Gr., and Proustia mexicana, Don, which is probably Perezia thurberi, A. Gr. [ii. p. 257.] 20. Perezia turbinata, Llav. et Lex.; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 58. Sovuta Mexico. [ii. p. 257.] 20*. Perezia wrightii, A. Gr. Pl. Wright. i. p. 127, et in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 60. Perezia arizonica, A. Gr. in Wats. Bot. Calif. i. p. 422. Perezia coulteri, pro parte, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xv. p. 40. Arizona to Texas.—Nortu Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 547, in part; Schaffner). [ii. p. 259.] 3*. Hieracium carneum, Greene; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 69. NEw Mexico.—Norta Mexico, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon). [ii. p. 259.] 4. Hieracium crepidispermum, Fries; §. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 110. Norta Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 758). [ii. p. 260.] 6*. Hieracium lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 70. Norra Mexico, Cave Cafion, near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). Di p. 260.] 7. Hieracium mexicanum, Less., var. niveopappum, A. Gr.: S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xviii. p. 110. Norru Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 757), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 552, 553). [ii. p. 260.] 9*. Hieracium pringlei, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 69. Norra Mexico, Santa Rita Mountains (Pringle ; Lemmon). [ii. p. 261.] 1. Taraxacum officinale, Wigg.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 110. NortH Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 761), San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. k 66 SUPPLEMENT. CAMPANULACE. (ii. p. 263.] 1. Burmeistera virescens, add synon. Centropogon virescens, Planch. et CErst. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 157. [ii. p. 264.] 2*. Centropogon costaricanus, Planch. et CErst. in Vidensk. Meddel 1857, p. 156. Costa Rica, Volcan de Jrazu (Grsted). [ii. p. 264.] 5*. Centropogon scandens, Planch. et Cirst. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 157. Costa Rica, Jaris 3000 to 4000 feet (Grsted). [ii. p. 264.] 5**. Centropogon nutans, Planch. et CErst. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 156. Costa Rica, Turrialva 3000 to 4000 feet (@rsted). [ii. p. 265.] 5*. Siphocampylus gutierrezii, Planch. et Girst. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 155. Costa Rica, Volcan de Irazu 8000 to 9000 feet (Grsted). [ii. p. 267.] 12*. Lobelia irasuensis, Planch. et CErst. in Vidensk. Meddel. 1857, p. 153. | Costa Rica, Volcan de Irazu at 8000 feet (Grsted). [ii. p. 267.] 13. Lobelia laxiflora, add synon. Tupa laxiflora, Planch. et CErst. in Vidensk. Medde]. 1857, p. 153. . [ii. p. 269.] 24*. Lobelia princeps, Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. vii. p. 298. MEXICo. | Said to be closely allied to Z. cardinalis of the Southern States of N. America. [ii. p. 269.] 25*. Lobelia punicea, Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. vii. p. 299. MExico. Probably only a variety of LZ. fulgens. fii. p. 270.] 3. Heterotoma lobelioides, Zucc.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 111. -NortH MExico, mountains near Santa Maria del Rio, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 736). VACCINIACE. [ii. p. 272.] 2. Satryia warscewiczii, K1. Guatemala (Bernoulli & Cario, 1954). Hb. Kew. ERICACER. 67 ERICACE.. [ii. p. 283.] 2. Chimaphila umbellata, Nutt. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1964). Hb. Kew. PLUMBAGINE. [ii. p. 287.] 1. Plumbago -pulchella, Boiss.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 112. Norte Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 240). Several other specimens enumerated by us under P. scandens also belong to this species, thus :—Botter?, 810; Guanajuato, Hartweg; and Galeotti, 1757, in part. [ii. p. 287. ] PRIMULACEZ. The now widely diffused Anagallis arvensis, Linn., was collected at Saltillo, by Palmer, and San Luis Potosi, by Schaffner; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 112, Gray now (Coulter’s Bot. Gaz. 1886, p. 231), in a revision of Dodecatheon, defines five species. ii. p. 299, fifteen lines from top, for subsessiflora read subsessiliflora. SAPOTACE. [ii. p. 299.] 9. Bumelia spinosa, DC.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 112. | Arizona ; Trxas.—Nortu Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 786). EBENACEA. [ii. p. 300.] 4. Diospyros texana, Scheele; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 112. | NortH Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 784). OLEACE. [ii. p. 304.] 2. Menodora helianthemoides, Humb. et Bonpl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 112. Watson regards Parry & Palmer’s 570 as a small-flowered form of this species rather than I. coulteri, A. Gr. (ii. p. 304.] 4. Menodora longiflora, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 112. Nortu Mexico, Monclova and Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 792, 794). [ii. p. 304.] 6. Menodora scabra, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 304. Norts Mexico, at Juraz on the Sabinas river, Coahuila (Palmer, 793). k2 68 SUPPLEMENT. APOCYNACE. ‘fii. p. 807.) 1. Rauwolfia heterophylla, Rem. et Schult. GuateMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1831). Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 307.] 2. Rauwolfia longifolia, a. DC. Guatemata (Bernoulli & Cario, 1809). Hb. Kew. (ii. p. 313.] 2. Apocynum cannabinum, Linn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 113. Palmer’s 806, referred by us to A. androsemifolium, is this species, and the latter is not known to occur in Mexico. [ii. p. 814.] 3*. Echites (Huechites) coulteri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 113, | NortH Mexico, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 805), without locality (Coul¢er, 987). ASCLEPIADEA. [ii. p. 322.) 2. Acerates circinalis, A. asperula, and A. gomphocarpoides are referred by Fournier (Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 369) to Asclepiodora. Gomphocarpus arachnoideus, Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xiv. p. 250, raised at Paris from Mexican seeds, we had overlooked, as well as G. hypoleucus, A. Gray, from the Santa Rita Mountains. [ii. p. 322.] 4*, Acerates viridiflora, Ell.; Chapm. FI. Southern U.S. p. 365 ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 114. Eastern Norta America.—Norra Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer). [ii. p. 322.) 4**. Acerates schaffneri, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, XIV. p. 386. MExico, without locality (Schaffner, 861). (ii. p. 822.] 4***. Acerates vinosa, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 887. SovtH Mexico, among pines at an elevation of 9000 feet (Ghiesbreght, 35). [ii p. 322.] Asclepias alticola, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 371. SoutH Mexico, in the cordillera between Cuernavaca and Toluca (Ghiesbreght). [ii. p. 323.] 7. Asclepias elata, Benth.,—A. glaucescens, H. B. K., fide S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 114. [ Asclepias galeottit, Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xiv. p. 250 (Blepharodon, Galeotti), not taken up by the author in his review of the genus in the Annales. | ASCLEPIADEZ. 69 - Cii. p. 323.) 11*., Asclepias grandiflora, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 379. Mexico, without locality (Hahn). [ii. p. 324.] 15*, Asclepias lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 85. Nortu Mexico, near Fort Huachuca and on slopes in Tanner’s Cafion (Lemmon). [ii. p. 325.] 23*. Asclepias otarioides, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 373. | SourH Mexico, Conservera, Desierto (Uhde). [ii. p. 325.] 24*. Asclepias pellucida, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 381. Sout# Mexico, San José del Oro (Karwinski), San Cristobal near Orizaba (Botteri, 317), without locality (Berlandier). ii. p. 325.] 24**. Asclepias perennis, Walk., var. parvula, A. Gr. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 114, The Mexican specimens referred by us to A. nivea, Linn., belong to this species. [ii. p. 827.] 385*. Asclepias virletii, Fournier in Ann. Sc. Nat. série 6, xiv. p. 378. Norty Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Virlet, 1685, 1692). [ii. p. 327.] 1*. Metastelma arizonicum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 89. Norts Mexico, hills near Tucson (Pringle). [ii. p. 327.] 2*. Metastelma californicum, Benth. Bot. Voy. ‘Sulphur,’ p. 33, t. 18; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 115. Bay of Magdalena, Lower Catirornia.—Norta Mexico, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila (Palmer, 828), near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 625). [ii. p. 827.] 3*. Metastelma palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 115 (Metastelma cubense, Dene.?; huj. op. ii. p. 327). Nora Mexico, at Laredo on the Rio Grande (Palmer, 824), about San Luis Potosi (Schaffner); Sourn Mexico, Chiapas (Ghiesbreght, 664), valley of Mexico (Bourgeau, 627). (ii. p. 328.) 1*. Vincetoxicum mexicanum, 8, Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 115. Norru Mexico, Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 823), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 575; Schaffner, 652 in part); Sourm Mexico, Orizaba (Botteri, 342, 984). 70 SUPPLEMENT. Watson suggests that Metastelma angustifoliwm, Turcz., may be the same as this. It is very closely allied to V. kunthiz. fii. p. 328.] 11*, ROTHROCKIA. Rothrockia, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 295. An herbaceous monotype. 1. Rothrockia cordifolia, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 295. Nort Mexico, Sonora, rocky hills south-west of Altar (Pringle). [ii. p. 329.] 1*. Roulinia palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 116. Roulinia unifaria, huj. op. li. p. 8328, non Engelm. Nort Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 829). ii. p. 331.] 6*. Gonolobus diadematus, Edwards, Bot. Reg. t. 252; DC. Prodr. viii. p. 593. MExIco. [ii. p. 335. ] 16*. HIMANTOSTEMMA. Himantostemma, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 294. An herbaceous monotype. 1. Himantostemma pringlei, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 294. Norta Mexico, Sonora, south of Altar, about thirty miles from the Gulf of California (Pringle). LOGANIACE. [ii. p. 343.] 20*. Buddleia pringlei, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 86. Norra Mexico, fields near Tucson (Pringle). GENTIANACE. [ii. p. 344.] 1. Leianthus axillaris, Hemel. GuatemaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 1798). Hb. Kew. ii. p. 345.] 1. Erythrea calycosa, Buckl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. p. 117. Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 838), between Mapimi and Guajuguilla (Gregq). [ii. p. 850.] 8. Gentiana lanceolata, Griseb.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 117. Sours Mexico, Guanajuato (Duges). GENTIANACEA. 71 [ii. p. 353.] 12. Halenia rothrockii, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 117. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 839). POLEMONIACE. [ii. p. 354.] Gilia aggregata, D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1822, vii. p. 288 ; Spreng. Syst. Veg. i. p. 626 (1825); Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. series 2, t. 218; A. Gr. Synop. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 145; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 117. Ipomopsis elegans, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1281. Gilia pulchella, Doug]. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 74. Cantua aggregata, Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. i. p. 147. OrEcon and NEsraska to CaLirornia and Tsxas.—NortH Mexico, in the high mountains at Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer). | [ii. p. 356.] 5*. Leeselia greggii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 117. Norts Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 1063), without locality (Gregg). Watson (loc. cit.) suggests that L. involucrata, Don (huj. op. ii. p. 357), is the same as L. ciliata, Linn. (huj. op. ii. p. 356), of which we have seen no authenticated specimen. HYDROPHYLLACEA, [ii p. 364.] 11. Nama coulteri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 118. Palmer’g 859, at first referred to WV. hispidum, is this species. [ii. p. 365.] 14. Nama stenocarpum, A. Gr. The character at the end of the description of WN. stenophylium (huj. op. ii. p. 361), “capsula inferne cum calyce longius adnata,” belongs to N. stenocarpum. It was sent by Dr. Gray to be added to his original description and inadvertently put into the wrong place. BORAGINE. [ii. p. 369.] 29. Cordia podocephala, Torr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvill. p. 119. Norra Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 1024). [ii. p. 371.] 3*. Coldenia (Eddya) mexicana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvill. p. 119. North Mexico, mountains east of Saltillo, and at Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 872, 874 in part), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 6164). [ii. p. 371.] 3**. Coldenia tomentosa, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 120. Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo (Palmer, 864). 72. SUPPLEMENT. _ We had regarded this plant as a form of C. canescens, and we are still of opinion that both this and C. mexicana are at most varieties of that species. [ii. p. 373.]- 16*. Tournefortia monclovana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 120. Norta Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 887). ii, p. 374, fifteen lines from the top, for Helitropium read Heliotropium. [ii p. 376.] 18*. Heliotropium (Euheliotropium) palmeri, A. Gr. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 121. Nortu Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 891, 892). [ii. p. 377.] 2. Omphalodes cardiophylla, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 263. | [ii. p. 378.] Dr. Gray (Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 278, in nota) suggests that Myosotis grandiflora, H. B. K. (Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. p. 90, t. 199; DC. Prodr. x. p. 114), is a species of Krynitzkia, and that the Quitian locality recorded is an error. Schiede and Deppe, according to De Candolle, collected it on Mount Orizaba. It was accidentally omitted from our enumeration, as well as Myosotis albida, H. B. K. (Nov. Gen. et Sp. iii. p. 91; DO. Prodr. x. p. 113). Anchusa tuberosa, H. B.K. (J. ¢. p. 92), is another doubtful Mexican Boraginea. (ii. p. 379.] 2*, Antiphytum parryi, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 122. Norra Mzxico?, between San Luis Potosi and San Antonio in Texas (Parry & Palmer, 618). [ii. p. 379.] (14). KRYNITZKIA. Krynitzkia, Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. vii. (1841) p.52; A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 264. Gray amplifies this genus, including in it Krynitzkia and Eritrichium sect. v.—vil. DC. Prodr. x. pp. 128-134, and Eritrichium § Krynitzkia, ) Eueritrichium-Myosotidea, and Antiphytum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. x. p. 55, and Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. pp. 191- 197 and 199. | Erynitzkia heliotropoides, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 260,=—Antiphytum heliotropoides, A. DC. Krynitzkia floribunda, A. Gr. loc. cit..= Antiphytum floribundum, A. Gr. Krynitzkia palmeri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 278. Eritrichium fulvocanescens, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 121. Eritrichium, sp.? (7), huj. op. i. p. 378. Norra Mexico, Sierra Madre, Coahuila (Palmer, 895). Hb, Kew. BORAGINEA, 73 [ii. p. 381.] 6. Lithospermum matamorense, DC.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 122. Eritrichium, sp. n. 7, huj. op. ii. p. 378. Norra Mexico, Guajuco and Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 901, 902). [ii. p. 381.] 6*. Lithospermum palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 122. Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 903). CONVOLVULACE. [ii. p. 384.] 15*. Ipomea cardiophylla, A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 213; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 122. Trxas.—Norru Mexico, at Soledad, twenty-five miles south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 904). [ii. p. 386.] 21. Ipomea commutata, Rem. et Schult.; §. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 122. Norra Mexico, Soledad, twenty-five miles south of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 907). [ii. p. 386.] 23. Ipomea costellata, Torr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. XVlii. p. 123. Norra Mexico, in the mountains north-east of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 2095). [ii. p. 386.] 23*. Ipomea cuneifolia, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 90. Norta Mexico, in Tanner’s Cafion, near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 388.] 37%, Ipomea lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 91. Norta Mexico, in the mountains near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 388.] 38. Ipomea heterophylla, Ort.? S. Wats. in Proce Am. Acad KV. p. 123. Norta Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 619), without locality (Gregq). [ii. p. 390.] 59. Ipomoea mexicana, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvill. p. 122. Norta Mexico, at Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 905). [ii. p.893.] 82*. Ipomeea schaffneri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 123. NortH Mexico, about San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [ii p. 395.] 96. Ipomea thurberi, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 90. Norty Mexico? This is from Southern Arizona; but whether south of the Gila and within our limits does not appear. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. l 74 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 395.] 105. Ipomoea versicolor, Meissn. ; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 123. | | Nortu Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). [ii. p. 399.] 7. Evolvulus discolor, Benth. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 123. Norra Mexico, Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 912). [ii. p. 401.] 3. Cuscuta arvensis, Beyrich ; Engelm. in A. Gr. Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 2, p. 3836; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 220; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 124. Orgcon and Iniiwors southward.—Norta Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 919), San Luis Potosi (Schaffner). fii. p. 401.] 3*. Cuscuta aurea, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. 4de Méde, 1844, p. 193; Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 622; Flora, 1847, p. 144. | Mexico, Chapulco, Puebla 5500 feet (Liebmann). fii. p. 402.] 9*. Cuscuta odontolepis, Engelm. Cusc. p. 486; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 223; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 125. . Arizona.—Souta Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). [ii. p. 402.] 9**. Cuscuta potosina, Schaffner; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 124. NortH Mexico, near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 779). [ii p. 402.] 10*. Cuscuta sidarum, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. 4de Mode, 1844, p. 193; Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 622. Mexico, Santiago Estata, Oaxaca (Liebmann). (ii. p. 402.) 11*. Cuscuta strobilacea, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. Ade Mode, 1844, p. 193; Bot. Zeit. 1844, p. 622. Mexico, Mirador, Vera Cruz (Liebmann). It is probable that the three preceding proposed species of Cuscuta, previously over- looked, are all represented under different names. in our enumeration, and it may be that one or more of the above names belong to species more recently described by Engelmann. SOLANACEA. (ii. p. 416.] 133. Solanum tuberosum, Linn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 125. | Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 937, 938), mountains near San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 632, 633; Schaffner, 693, 694). Schaffner gives the popular name “ Peyrilla del Monte.” SOLANACEA. 75 [ii. p.418.] 10*. Physalis fendleri, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. x. p. 65, et Synopt. Fl. N. Am. p. 236; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 126. Cotorapo ; New Mexico.— Norra Mexico, mountains near San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 698; Parry & Palmer, 642). [ii. p. 420.] Physalis edulis, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 1068, et P. violacea, Carriére in Rev. Hort. 1882, p. 216, cum ic. color..=P, peruviana varietates. [ii p.420.] 21*. Physalis lobata, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, i. p. 226; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 233; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 126. Cotorabo; Arizona; Texas.—Norta Mexico, mountains west of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 943). [ii. p.420.] 28*. Physalis philadelphica, Lam. Dict. ii. p. 101; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 234; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 126. PENNSYLVANIA and ILLINOIS to TeExas.—NortH Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner 701, in part). fii. p. 422.) 6. Saracha umbellata, G. Don; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 127. Watson reduces S. glabrata, Miers, to this species; and also Bourgeau’s 347, referred in this work to S. jaltomata. [ii. p. 424.] 1*. Margaranthus lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 92. NortH Mexico, in Cave Cafion, near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 425. | 13*. CACABUS. Cacabus, Bernh. in Linnea, xiii. p. 360; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. ii. p. 896. Annual or perennial herbs inhabiting Western Tropical and Subtropical America, chiefly in maritime districts. fii. p. 425.] 1. Cacabus mexicanus, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 127. NortH Mexico, in the San Miguelito mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 704). [ii. p. 426.] 3*. Lycium exsertum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 305. Norta Mexico, Sonora, near Altar (Pringle). [ii. p. 426.] 3**. Lycium macrodon, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. vi. p. 46; S. Wats. Bot. Calif. i. p. 542; Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 306. Catirornia.—Norta Mexico, Sonora (Pringle). [ii. p. 428.] 8. Datura quercifolia, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 128. , . . Nortu Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 959), region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 705, 706; Parry & Palmer, 658). 22 76 SUPPLEMENT. ii. p. 432.] 24. Cestrum multinervium, Dun. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 128. | 7 TEXAS. [ii. p. 433.] 26. Cestrum fetidissimum, Jacq. Hort. Schcenb. iii. t. 329, is speci- fically distinct from ©. nocturnum, to which we, following Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 444), had referred it; and it is probably not found within our area. fii. p. 434.] 40*. Cestrum warscewiczii, Klotzsch in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. xix. p. 362. Costa Rica, Cartago (Warscewicz). Closely allied to C. aurantiacum, Lindl., and originally known in the gardens of Europe under the name of Habrothamnus aureus. [ii. p. 435.] 4*, Nicotiana nudicaulis, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 128. | Norte Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 961). [ii. p. 435.] 12*. Nicotiana trigonophylla, Dun. in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 562; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 242; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 128. Catrrornia to Texas.—Norti Mexico, in the mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 962), in rocky places about San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 688 ; Parry & Palmer, 660). ii. p. 438, top line, for Brachylossis read Brachyglossis. SCROPHULARINE. [ii. p. 444.] 5. Pentstemon campanulatus, Willd.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 129. Norra Mexico, at Lerios, in the high mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 976). [ii. p. 445.] 15*. Pentstemon rubescens, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 92. Norra Muxico, in Tanner’s Cafion, near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). (ii. p. 449.] 2. Mimulus glabratus, H. B. K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 130. Norta Muxico, at Saltillo and San Lorenzo de Laguna (Palmer, 977, 979). [ii. p. 451.] 1. Herpestis chamedryoides, H. B. K.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, xviii. p. 130. Watson states that the form we have referred to H. nigrescens, Benth., is really this species. SCROPHULARINEZ. 77 ii. p. 456.] BUCHNERA. In a revision (Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 93) of the North-American species of this genus, Dr. Gray restores B. pilosa to specific rank, and excludes as well B. lithospermi- folia, H. B. K., from the synonymy of 2B. elongata. He also refers Hartweg’s 100 and Botteri’s 583 and 794 to our B. mexicana; and he doubtfully adds 2B. disticha, H. B. K., to the Mexican species (Ghiesbreght, 8260), with B. tinctoria, Bertol.?, for a synonym. [ii. p. 456.] 32*, ALECTRA. Alectra, Thunb. Nov. Gen. p. 81; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. ii. p. 966. About fourteen species, spread over Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 1. Alectra brasiliensis, Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. p- 339; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 428. Guatemaa (Bernoulli & Cario, 2205).—Wesr Invies and CoLomsiA to Braztu. Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 459.] 2*, Gerardia (Dasystoma) greggii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 131. Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 2024), without locality (Gregg). . We had wrongly referred Palmer’s specimens to @. grandifiora, Benth., which species is not known to occur in Mexico. [ii. p. 463.] 1. Orthocarpus mexicanus, Hemsl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 133. NortH Mexico, at Lerios, Coahuila (Palmer). OROBANCHACEZ. [ii. p. 468.] Aphyllon (Nothaphyllon) dugesii, S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xvii. p. 132. Souto Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). [ii. p. 468.] CONOPHOLIS. Until it was too late we had overlooked the publication by Liebmann of two new species of this genus; and since the appearance of that part of our work containing Conopholis, S. Watson, on the authority of an herbarium specimen named C’. mexicana by A. Gray, has published a new species for some at least of the Mexican specimens in the Harvard herbarium. We must leave unanswered the question of. the number of species of Conopholis in Mexico; but as Liebmann’s descriptions were published in a book that has been entirely overlooked in this country and America, and is very rare, it will be useful to repeat them here. 78 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 468.] Conopholis alpina, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. 4de Made, p- 184. “ Calyce unibracteolato, ventricoso-tubuloso, spathaceo, antice usque ad basin fisso, postice acuto,. margine integro. Corolla tubo cylindrico curvato, labio superiore reflexo fornicato integro inferius equante ; labio inferiore 3-lobo, lobis rectis lanceolatis. Staminibus 4 exsertis sub- eequalibus stylo zequantibus vel parum brevioribus. Stigmate discoideo medio impresso. “ Planta 6-8-pollicaris. Caulis simplicissimus carnosus crassus fusco-brunneus, basin versus incras- satus ibique squamis densissime imbricatis tectus, supra squamis majoribus sparsis obtectus ; spica 8—4-pollicaris, floribus sessilibus fusco-flavescentibus. «“ Habitat in alpe trachytio Tepeyecuapa prope oppidum Chinantla, Puebla, alt. 7000- 8000 ped., ad radices Pinorum. Floret Aprili. “ Differt a Conoph. americana, Wallr., calyce unibracteolato, ad basin fisso, postice non inciso; corolla calyce duplo longiore, labio superiore reflexo integro lobos labii in- ferioris non superante ; labii inferioris lobis brevioribus lanceolatis integris ; staminibus longius exsertis ; stylo longitudinem staminum parum excedente angulato porrecto (non reclinato); capsula apiculata (nec curvato-longirostrata), bractea breviore integra (nec bifida) instructa.” This probably corresponds to C. mexicana, A. Gr., as limited by Watson ; but the differential characters given are not obvious. [ii. p. 468.] 1*. Conopholis mexicana, A. Gr. in Herb. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 131. | “Distinguished from C. americana by its longer and more rigid lanceolate acu- minate scales, the calyx less deeply toothed, and the corolla larger (8 lines long). “The plant figured by Endlicher (Iconogr. t. 81) for C. americana is C. mexicana, probably from Andrieux’s collection.” As Watson observes, possibly from a memorandum by A. Gray, Endlicher’s figure was most likely made from Andrieux’s collection, for there is a specimen in the Kew Herbarium (formerly in Gay’s herbarium) collected by Andrieux, which is so like the figure that it may have been the one actually drawn. [ii. p. 468.] 1**. Conopholis sylvatica, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. 4de Méde, p. 185. “ Calyce bibracteolato, ventricoso- tubuloso, spathaceo, antice ad medium fisso, postice bidentato. Corolle tubo curvato basi ventricoso, labio superiore fornicato integro inferius superante, labio: inferiore 3-lobo, lobis brevibus rectis obtusis. Staminibus 4-exsertis, subequalibus stylum eequantibus. Stigmate capitato parum bisulco. “Planta 7—9-pollicaris gracilescens. Caulis simplicissimus carnosus flaccido-fucescens, usque ad basin cylindricus, squamis imbricatis cartilaginosis lanceolatis flaccidis obtectus. Spica 5-7- pollicaris, floribus brevissime pedicellatis flavescentibus. “ Habitat in sylvis umbrosis ad radices Quercuum prope oppidum Totutla et predium Hacienda de Mirador Dep. Vera Cruz, alt. 3000-4500 ped. Floret Febr.—Martio. “Differt a Conoph. americana, Wallr., gracilitate caulis; calyce minore antice ad medium fisso, postice bidentato (nec 4-dentato); corolla graciliore calyce duplo longiore, OROBANCHACEA. 79 lobis labii inferioris brevioribus obtusioribus. Staminibus longius exsertis ; stylo longi- tudinem staminum subequante parum curvato.” The specimens in Kew Herbarium from Jalapa (Linden, 198) and Vera Cruz to Orizaba (Miller, 647) answer well to the foregoing description as to slenderness, and in being cylindrical to the base. LENTIBULARIACE. [ii. p. 469.] 4. Utricularia endresii, Reichb. f. Bot. Mag. t. 6656. [ii. p. 471.] 2*. Pinguicula sodalium, Fourn. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xx p. lxvii. SourH Mexico, Orizaba (Miller, 114). This probably is the same as P. caudata. GESNERACE. [ii. p. 473.] 3*. Achimenes cardinalis, A. Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. _ Zeit. xv. p. 314. Mexico. [ii. p. 480.] 1*. Gesnera rugata, Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. ‘xv. p. 226. Mexico (Ghiesbreght). li. p. 480, eight lines from top, for tubiflora read tubiflorum. BIGNONIACE.. [ii. p. 491.] 15*. Bignonia peltata, Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gart. Zeit. ix. p. 58. MEXxIco. ACANTHACE. [ii. p. 500.] Elytraria bromoides, Cirst.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. ‘p. 133. Watson identifies Palmer’s 2029 (Guajuco, Nuevo Leon) with this, which he says is quite distinct from E. tridentata, Vahl, to which we had referred it. [ii. p. 503.] 6. Calophanes jasminum-mexicanum, Nees; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 133. Watson sugyests that C. decumbens, A. Gr., and C. schiedeana, Nees, are the same cas this. 80 SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 513.] 19*, PRINGLEOPHYTUM. Pringleophytum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. XX. p. 292. A Mexican monotype. 1. Pringleophytum lanceolatum, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 293. Norra Mexico, Sonora, on rocks fifty miles from Altar, and thirty miles from the Gulf of California (Pringle). [ii. p. 525.] 6*. Dicliptera pseudoverticillaris, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 308. _ | . Nort Mexico, Sonora, in the valley of the Altar (Pringle). VERBENACE. [ii. p. 533.] 1*. Verbena arizonica, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xix. p. 95. Norra Mexico, in cafions near Fort Huachuca (Lemmon). [ii. p. 535.] 18*. Verbena wrightii, A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 337 ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 136. New Mexico; Texas.—Norrsa Mexico, Chihuahua (Wright, 1504), at Lerios, in the high mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 1052), near Morales, San Luis | Potosi (Schaffner); South Mexico, Guanajuato (Duges). [ii. p. 585.] 19. Verbena xutha, Lehm.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviil. p. 136. Norru Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 1047). LABIATA. fii. p. 546.] 3%. Cunila secunda, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 136. - Souta Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). [ii p. 552.) 3*. Salvia albo-czerulea, Linden ; Regel, Gartenfl. 1858, pp. 55 et 97, t. 221. . Sourn Mexico, Michoacan (Ghiesbreght). [ii. p. 556.] 41. Salvia glechomefolia, H.B.K.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 137. Nort Mexico, at Lerios, in the high mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 1097), in the Sierra Madre south of the same place (Palmer, 1098). Watson also refers several other specimens to this species, including Parry and Palmer’s 761, which is certainly S. prunelloides, H. B. K., as to the Kew specimens. LABIATA, 8i [ii. p. 557.] 46. Salvia greggil, A. Gr.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 137; Bot. Mag. t. 6812. Nortu Mexico, at Lerios, in the high mountains east of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 1071). [ii. p. 559.) 65*. Salvia lemmoni, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 309. Norty Mexico, Huachuca Mountains, Southern Arizona (Lemmon ; Pringle). [ii. p. 560.] 73. Salvia litte, Vis.=S. tubifera, Cav., fide Vatke in litt. [ii. p. 564.] 113*. Salvia roezlii, Scheidw. in Flore des Serres, xiv. 1861, p. 31, t. 1407. Mexico (fez). [ii. p. 566.] 126*. Salvia tricolor, Lemaire in Ill. Hort. 1856, t. 120; Flore des Serres, xii. 1857, p. 109, t. 1237. ‘Mexico (Fonel). [ii. p. 568.] 1*. Cedronella breviflora, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 309. Norru Mexico, Santa Rita Mountains, Southern Arizona (Pringle). [ii. p. 569.] 4. Scutellaria drummondii, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 140. Nortu Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 1085). [ii. p. 569.] 10*. Scutellaria rumicifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Spec. ii. p. 324; Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 426. SourH Mexico, Hacienda de la Laguna (Schiede & Deppe); Guatumaua (Bernoulli & Cario).—CoLomB1a to Cuiti and Buenos Ayres. Hb. Kew. [ii. p. 571.] 1*. Stachys bigelovii, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. viii, p- 371, et Synopt. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 388; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 140. TExas.—Norta Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 685). [ii. p. 572.] 4. Stachys drummondii, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 140. - Norta Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, south-east of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 1094). Parry and Palmer's 735, referred by us to S. agraria, also belongs here. [ii. p.573.] 16. Stachys schiedeana, Schl.,=Lepechinia procumbens, Benth. fide Vatke in litt. PLANTAGINE. [ii. p. 575.] 2. Plantago bernoulliana, Vatke. This was published in the Verhandl. Bot. Verein Brandenb. 1874, p- 48, not in the Cisterreich. Zeitschr. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. m 82 | SUPPLEMENT. [ii. p. 575.] 2*, Plantago caulescens, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviil. p- 141. Norra Mexico, in the San Rafael Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 658). NYCTAGINE. [iii. p. 3.] 3. Oxybaphus cervantesii, Sweet; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvili. p. 142. Watson refers Palmer’s 1111, referred by us to O. viscosus, to this species. [iii. p. 4.] 6*. Boerhaavia palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 142. Norta Mexico, at Saltillo (Palmer, 1120), ILLECEBRACE. [iii. p. 11.] 1%. Corrigiola littoralis, Linn. ; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvii. p. 199. Rohrbach identifies specimens collected by Liebmann and Schaffner with this species ; but all that we have seen certainly belong to C. andina. AMARANTACE. fiii. p.12.] 1%. Celosia palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 143. Norra Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 1148), between San Luis Potosi and Tampico (Palmer, 1144). Doubtingly referred by us to the South-American C. virgatus. fii. p.14.] 9*. Amarantus wrightii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviil. p. 144. Norra Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 7864). The plant we had under this number we regarded as Amarantus blitum, Linn. [iii. p. 17.] 1. Gossypianthus rigidiflorus, Hook. ; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 144. NortH Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 788). [iii. p. 20.] 2. Hebanthe palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 144. Norts Mexico, Guajuco, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 1138). This is the Hebanthe, sp. (4) of this work, ili. p. 20, where the number is wrongly cited as 1133. [iii. p. 21.] 3. Iresine cassinisformis, Schauer in Linnwa, xix. p. 1091; S. Wats. in Proc. Am, Acad. xviii. p. 145. Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 1133). CHENOPODIACEZ. 83. CHENOPODIACE. [iii. p. 23.] 3. Chenopodium berlandieri, Mog. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. Xvill. p. 146. Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 1151), region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry § Palmer, 780 in part). [iii. p. 23.] 8. Chenopodium fremontii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 146. : Norra Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 851). [iii. p. 24.] 10*. Chenopodium stellatum, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 146. Norte Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 146). [iii. p. 27.] 3. Sueda torreyana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 147. Nort Mexico, Cienega Grande (Gregg), Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 1168). PHYTOLACCACEA. [iii. p. 29.] 4*, PHAULOTHAMNUS. . Phaulothamnus, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 293. A Mexican shrubby monotype. 1. Phaulothamnus spinescens, A. Gr. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 294. Norra Mexico, Sonora, about thirty miles south of the United States boundary, and on the Rio Altar (Pringle). [iii p. 29.] 1*. Phytolacca mexicana, Gertn.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 147. Watson states that this is a species distinct from P. icosandra, Linn., to which we had referred it. [iii. p. 30.] 1. Agdestis clematidea, Mog. et Sessé. GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 3399). Hb. Kew. POLYGONACEZ., [iii. p. 32.] 11. Eriogonum jamesii, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, Xvili. p. 147. Norra Mexico, at Lerios, in the high mountains east of Saltillo (Palmer, 1172). [iii. p. 34.] 10. Polygonum pennsylvanicum, Linn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 147. NortH Mexico, near Morales, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 882). m 2 84 -SUPPLEMENT. fiii. p. 35.] 1. Rumex berlandieri, Meissn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 148. Norra Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 1182). [iii. p. 35.] 4. Rumex crispus, Linn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 147. Norra Mexico, Parras, Coahuila (Palmer, 1181), near Morales, and at San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 903, 907). [iii. p. 85.] 6. Rumex mexicanus, Meissn.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 149. Norta Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 904, 906 ; Parry & Palmer, 794). [iii. p. 38.] Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. iii. p. 104, refer Velasquezia melanodendron, Bert. Fl. Guat. p. 39, t. 11, to Triplaris, a fact we had previously overlooked. ARISTOLOCHIACE. [iii. p. 43.] 20. Aristolochia pardina, Duchartre; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 148. Sour Mexico, Colima, where it is known as “ Huaco” (Dugés). This is perhaps the Guaco mexicana, Liebm. in Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. Kidbenh. 1847, p. 203. [iii. p. 43.] 22*. Aristolochia (Eionomeia) subclausa, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 372. Sout Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). PIPERACE. [iii p.59.] 9. Peperomia bourgeaui, C. DC. in Mém. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genéve, xxvii. 2° partie, p. 311, t. 6. iii. p. 59, six lines from top, for DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, yead Linnea, XXXvVil. (iii. p. 63.] 65. Peperomia petiolaris, C. DC. in Mém. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genéve, xxvii. 2° partie, p. 312, t. 8. [iii. p. 64.] 66. Peperomia petrophila, C. DC. in Mém. Soc. Phys. et Hist. Nat. Genéve, xxvii. 2° partie, p. 315, t. 13. LORANTHACE. iii. p. 81.] 18*. Loranthus (Psittacanthus) kerberi, Fournier in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Comptes Rendus des Séances, xxx. (1883), p. 185. Souto Mexico, near Cordova (Kerber). | EUPHORBIACEA. 8) EUPHORBIACE. [iii. p. 90.] Euphorbia acuta, Engelm.; DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 18; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 150. Texas.—Norta Mexico, Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer). [iii. p. 91.] 7. Euphorbia ammatotricha, Boiss.?; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 151. Nort Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 854 and 856, in part ; Parry & Palmer, 813). [iii. p. 91.] 14*. Euphorbia (Zygophyllidium) biformis, 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 151. Nortu Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 860, 862), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 806). [iii. p. 93.] 25. Euphorbia cumbre, Boiss. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 149. | Nort Mexico, in the mountains north of Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 1213). [iii. p. 93.] 30*. Euphorbia (Poinsettia) exclusa, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvili. p. 150. North Mexico, at San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 1218). [iii. p. 98.] 73. Euphorbia polycarpa, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 149, Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon, and Juraz and San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 1197, 1204, 1205). [iii. p. 99.] 78. Euphorbia radians, Benth.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvill. p. 151. Norta Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 857; Parry & Palmer, 822). [iii. p. 100.] 88*. Euphorbia serpyllifolia, Pers.; DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 43; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 151. CaNnaDA southward.—Norta Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 854 and 1034 in " part; Parry & Palmer, 810 in part and 811). [iii. p. 100.] 88**. Euphorbia serrula, Engelm.; DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 33; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvili. p. 149. New Mexico; Texas.—NortH Mexico, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila (Palmer, 1194), region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry & Palmer, 810 in part). [iii. p. 101.] 91*. Euphorbia (Cyttarospermum) tenera, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. p. 150. NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 2053). 86 SUPPLEMENT. (iii. p. 102.] 100. Euphorbia villifera, Scheele ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 149. Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains and in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 1199). fii. p. 104.) 18. Phyllanthus polygonoides, Spreng. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 151. Norra Mexico, in the Caracol Mountains, at Monclova, Coahuila, and at Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 1228, 1229). (iii. p. 110.] 9*. Croton corymbulosus, Engelm. ex S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 152. Texas; New Mexico.—Norta Mexico, Soledad, twenty-five miles south-west of Monclova (Palmer, 1245). Watson (Joc. cit.) states that Croton lindheimerianus, Mill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 579 (non Scheele), is the same as this. [iii. p. 115.] 37. Croton morifolius, Willd, y. spherocarpus, Mill. Arg. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 152. Norrn Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi 6000 to 8000 feet (Parry §& Palmer, 829). [iii. p. 115.] 40*. Croton palmeri, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 152. Norra Mexico, Soledad, Coahuila (Palmer, 1239). (iii, p.116.] 43*. Croton pringlei, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 373. Nort Mexico, north-western Sonora, about thirty miles from the coast (Pringle). iii. p. 117.] 57*. Croton torreyanus, Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 579; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 152. New Mexico.—Soutn Mzxico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 1236). [iii p.121.] Bernardia(?) fasciculata, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 153. Norra Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Palmer, 1233), Saucillo, Chihuahua (Thurber, 837), plains west of San Pablo (Greqq). [iii. p. 122.] 2. Acalypha anemioides, H.B. K.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 154. Norra Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 31; Parry & Palmer, 825). iii. p. 125. 27. Acalypha lindheimeri, Mill. Arg.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 164. Norte Mexico, Monclova, Coahuila (Parry & Palmer, 826). We had referred the Kew specimens of Parry and Palmer’s 826 to A. phleoides. EUPHORBIACEA, 87 [iii. p. 126.] 36*. Acalypha neomexicana, Miill. Arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 874; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 154. New Mexico.—Norra Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 82; Parry & Palmer, 737). [iii. p. 135.] 5*. Stillingia torreyana, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 154. Norra Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 1258). “It is nearly certain that Sebastiania treculiana, Mill. Arg. is not distinct” (Watson). [iii. p. 136.] 2. Sebastiania(?) bilocularis, §. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 374. Norte Mexico, Sonora (Thurber). URTICACE. [iii. p. 189.] 4. Celtis berlandieri, Klotzsch; DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 178; S. ‘Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 155. Trxas.—Nortu Mexico, Monterey, Nuevo Leon (Palmer, 1261). PLATANACEA. [iii. p. 162.] 1. Platanus lindeniana, Mart. et Gal.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 155. The specimens collected by Palmer (1269), doubtingly referred by us to P. racémosa, belong to this species, according to Watson ; but the differences noted between this and P. mexicana are hardly specific. CUPULIFER. [iii. p. 166.] 2*, CARPINUS. Carpinus, Linn. Gen. Plant. n. 1073, pro parte; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 405. Nine species, widely spread in north temperate regions. _ 1. Carpinus americana, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 201; Michx. f. Arb. iii, t. 8; A. Gr. Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 5, p. 457; Chapm. Fl. Southern U.S. p. 425. CawnaDA southward on the eastern side to FLortpa.—GuaTEMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 2606, 2607). Hb. Kew. (iii. p. 169.] 15. Quercus confertifolia, Humb. et Bonpl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 156. | SoutH Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). 88 SUPPLEMENT. _ fii. p. 170.] 20. Quercus crassifolia, Humb. et Bonpl.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvili. p. 156. Nort Mexico, in the San Miguelito Mountains, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 897), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 836). [iii. p. 172.] 41*. Quercus grisea, Liebm. Egesl. p. 13; DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, p. 35; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 156. New Mexico.—Norrs Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 1278). SALICINEA. (iii. p. 181.] 2*. Populus fremontii, $. Wats. var.? wislizenii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 157. Nortu Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 891; Parry & Palmer, 843). GNETACE. (iii. p. 182.] 1*. Ephedra aspera, Engelm. MS. ; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 157. Ephedra, sp. (4). Norra Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer, 1288), west of Cartamullo (Gregq). (iii. p. 182.] 1**. Ephedra pedunculata, Engelm. MS.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 157. Ephedra, sp. (2). Trxas.—Norta Mexico, Saltillo and Juraz, Coahuila (Palmer, 1289, 1290), region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer, 855; Schaffner). CONIFER. [iii. p. 183.] Cupressus arizonica, Greene; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p- 157. Arizona.—NortH Mexico, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo (Palmer, 1293). With regard to some of the other Cupressinee collected by Parry and Palmer, Watson appears to have had different plants under some of the numbers from those in the Kew set, for his determinations do not agree with ours, even where we had type specimens before us. (iii. p. 187.] 11*. Pinus latisquama, Engelm.; S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 158. Through some confusion of specimens, the foliage of Pinus ayacahuite was figured for this species in the ‘ Gardener’s Chronicle, where it was first published. CONIFER A. 89 [iii. p. 190.] 1. Pseudotsuga douglasii, Carr. iii. p. 190. Norti Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Parry & Palmer) ; Seemann’s 1963 from the Sierra Madre, cited under Abies religiosa, also belongs here. [iii p. 190.] 1*. Abies, sp. n. 2 GuateMaLa (Skinner). Hb. Kew. There is only foliage of this, but itis quite different from anything else found within our limits, and it is probably an undescribed species, near Abies amabilis. ORCHIDE. (iii. p. 197.] The following Mexican orchids described by La Llave and Lexarza (‘Orchidianum Opusculum’) have not, so far as we can discover, been identified :-— Neottia papulosa, Satyrium vallisoletanum, Ophrys macrostachya, Cymbidium vewilli- Serum, Arethusa tigridiefolia, Bletia punctata, Bletia coccinea, Pachyphyllum scandens, Oncidium hyalinobulbom, Pachyphyllum uniftorum, Epidendrum macrobulbon, Den- drobium aloideum, and Dendrobium bracteatum. [iii. p. 207.] 1*. Masdevallia astuta, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. n. s. xxvi. 1886, p. 584. Costa Rica (Corder). [iii. p. 213.] 4. Corallorhiza punctata, Mart. et Gal., is a doubtful species. (iii. p. 220.] 3. Hexadesmia crurigera, Lindl. Mexico (Pavon, ex Ridley in litt.). Mus. Brit. [iii. p. 267.| Mazillaria hematoglossa, A. Rich. et Gal., is a synonym of M. rhombea. [iii. p. 281.] 26. Oncidium excavatum: add Bot. Mag. t. 5293. [iii. p. 290.] 1*. Cryptarrhena lunata, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 153; Walp. Ann. vi. p. 698. ~ Mexico (Pavon, ex Ridley in litt.). Mus. Brit. [iii. p. 292.] 83*, PACHYPHYLLUM. Pachyphyllum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. p. 338, t. 77; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 571. 1. Pachyphyllum distichum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. p. 339, t. 77; Walp. Ann. vi. p. 822. Mexico (Pavon, ex Ridley in litt.)—Pzrv. Mus. Brit. Mr. Ridley informs us there is also an undescribed species of this genus in the British Museum from Panama, collected by S. Haves. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. 1V., March 1887. n 90 SUPPLEMENT. [iii. p. 294.] 1*. Vanilla pfaviana, Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1883, n.s. xx. p. 230. Mexico (Pfau). [iii. p. 302.) 26*. Spiranthes romanzoffiana, Cham. in Linnea, iii. p. 32; Reichb. Fl. Orchid. Germ. et Europ. xiii. p. 153, t. 477; A. Gr. Man. Bot. Northern U. S. ed. 5, p. 504. Canapa; Nortuern States.—MeExico (Pavon, ex Ridley in litt.).—InELanp. Mus. Brit. [iii. p. 302.] The following species of Spiranthes, imperfectly described by A. Rich. et Gal. (in Ann. Sc. Nat. 3° série, iii. pp. 31-33) have not been identified :— S. hyemalis, S. lanuginosa, S. latifolia, S. luteo-alba, S. minutifiora, S. montana, S. ochracea, S. parasitica, S. pauciflora, S. pubens, 8. sarcoglossa, S. transversalis, and &. violacea. [iii. p. 307.] Habenaria acutifiora, H. adenantha, H. alata, H. brevilabiata, HH. orizabensis, H. stricta, H. virens, Platanthera longifolia, and P. nubigena, A. Rich. © et Gal. (Ann. Sc. Nat. 3° série, iii. pp. 28-30), are very imperfectly described, and. probably the same, some of them, as those described under other names. Gymnadenia neottioides and G. propingua of the same authors are also doubtful plants. SCITAMINE. (iii. p. 313.] 3*. Heliconia rostrata, Ruiz et Pav. Fl. Peruv. t.105; Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. v. p. 592; Horan. Prodr. Monogr. Scit. p. 39. Nicaragua (Seemann, 169, ex Ridley in litt.).—Prru. Mus. Brit. iii. p. 314.) BROMELIACE. 1*, Aichmea chiriquensis, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 243. Panama, Chiriqui lagoon (Hart, 173). Hb. Kew. IRIDEZ, [iii. p. 326.] 2*. Tigridia dugesii, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 375. SourH Mexico, Guanajuato (Dugés). [iii. p. 326.] 3*. Tigridia meleagris, Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 690. Hydrotenia meleagris, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, p. 67, et 1842, t. 39. Sout Mexico, Real del Monte (Rogers). Hydrotenia ehrenbergii, Schl. in Linnea, xviii. p. 666, is a very closely allied species from the same region. [iii. p. 328.] 1. Cipura paludosa, Aub. GuaTEeMALA (Bernoulli & Cario, 802). Hb. Kew. IRIDEZ. 91 [iii. p. 328.] 1*. Cipura cubensis, Sauvalle, Fl. Cub. p.166; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xvi. p. 125. Guatemata (Lehmann).—Cusa. [ili. p. 328.] 7*, GELASINE. Gelasine, Herb. in Bot. Mag. t. 3779, excl. spp. nn. 2 ad 4; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 695. Only one other species, which is a native of extratropical South America. 1. Gelasine trichantha, Baker in Engl. Jahrb. ined. GuatemaLa (Lehmann). LILIACE. [iii. p. 374.] 1*. Anthericum (Phalangium) aurantiacum, Baker in Engl. Jahrb. ined. GuaTeMaLa (Lehmann). [iii. p. 375.] 3*. Anthericum (Phalangium) macrophyllum, Baker, i. c. Guatemata (Lehmann). [iii. p. 376.] 1*. Echeandia parviflora, Baker in Engl. Jahrb. ined. GuatTemaLa (Lehmann). [Lrachyandra nana, T. escheandoides, and Phalangium pusillum, Schl. (Bot. Zeit. 1845), are, to us, doubtful Mexican Liliacee. Phalangium flavescens, Schl.,=Anthe- ricum flavescens, Schult. | COMMELINACE. [iii. p. 396.] Campelia hoffmanni, Hassk. in Flora, 1865, p. 105, =C, zanonia, H, B. K. Add Costa Rica, near San José (Hoffmann). PALM. [iii. p. 403.] 2*. Chamedorea atrovirens, Mart. in Flora, 1852, p. 721. SoutH Mexico, Oaxaca (Karwinski). [iii. p. 412. ] 18*, RAPHIA. Raphia, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Beu. 1. p. 75, t. 44; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 935. An African and Mascarene genus of six or seven species, one of which occurs in Mexico. | 1. Raphia vinifera, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Beu. i. p. 77; var. tedigera, Drude in Bot. Zeit. 1876, p. 804, et in Fl. Bras. iii. 2, p. 287; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. p. 216 (species propria); Wallace, Palm Trees, p. 43, t. 16. n 2 92 SUPPLEMENT. Raphia nicaraguensis, Cirsted in Vidensk. Meddel. 1858, ex Drude. . Nicaragua and Costa Rica (ex Drude).— VENEZUELA ; Guiana; BRAZIL. Typical R. vinifera is a native of Tropical Africa, and Drude is disposed to regard the American variety as a descendant of the same species, originally introduced from Africa either by human or natural agency. We have not succeeded in finding the name attributed by Drude to CErsted without any reference to a page. [iii. p. 412.] 4*. Bactris cohune, S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xxi. p. 467. GuaTEMALA, abundant in the Chocou forests (Watson). : Several Palms not in our Enumeration are mentioned as growing within our limits in the narratives of various travellers; they will be dealt with in the general distribu- tion of the order in the Appendix. CYCLANTHACE. By an oversight the following members of this Order were omitted :— [iii. p. 416.] Carludovica gracilis, Liebm. ined.’ Sour Mexico, Jocotepec, Oaxaca (Liebmann). Hb. Kew. . We have not been able to ascertain whether this name has been published with a description, but Grisebach (Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 513) cites it as a synonym of Carlu- dovica angustifolia, Seem. ( Evodianthus, CErst.). Liebmann’s Mexican plant in the Kew Herbarium is, however, quite different from that from Costa Rica figured by (Ersted. Carludovica ensiformis, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6418. Costa Rica. Cultivated specimens only in herb. Kew. 9*. Carludovica palmata, Ruiz et Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. p. 291; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. p. 79; Kunth, Enum. Pl. iii. p. 105; Seem. Bot. Voy. ‘Herald,’ p. 204. | Panama, all over the country (ex Seemann).—CotomBiA; PERv. 9** Carludovica plumieri, Kunth, Enum. Pl. iii. p. 106; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 513. Panama, Chiriqui (Hart)—West Inpizs. Hb. Kew. 2. CYCLANTHUS. Cyclanthus, Poit. in Mém. Mus. Par. ix. p. 35, tt. 2 et 3; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 953. About four or five species, inhabiting the West Indies and the northern part of South America. 1. Cyclanthus bipartitus, Poit. in Mém. Mus. Par. ix. p. 37, t. 3; Kunth, Enum. Pl. iii. p. 108%, ex Seem. Bot. Voy. ‘ Herald,’ p. 205. Panama, banks of the river Pequeni (Seemann).—West Inpizs; GUIANA. CYCLANTHACEA, 93 2. Cyclanthus, sp. NicaraGua, Chontales (Seemann, 164). Hb. Kew. TYPHACEA. [iii. p. 416.] 1*. Typha angustifolia, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1, p. 971; Griseb. FL Brit. W. Ind. p. 512, var. domingensis, Pers.; Hemsl. Bot. Chall. Exped. i. 1, p. 73. SoutH Mexico, valley of Mexico (Schmitz, ex Ridley in litt.). Mus. Brit. The species widely spread; and the variety ranges from Texas through the West Indies to Brazil. NAIADACEA:. (iii. p. 442.] 2*, RUPPIA. Ruppia, Linn. Gen. Plant. n. 175; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 1014. Species one, or several closely allied, generally spread in salt marshes in temperate and subtropical regions. 1. Ruppia maritima, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.1, p. 127; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p- 506; Chapm. Fl. Southern U.S. p. 445. GuateMaLa (Bernoulli & Cario, 816).—TEMPERATE and SUBTROPICAL REGIONS. Hb. Kew. CYPERACE. (iii. p. 451.] 61*. Cyperus schaffneri, Bocckl. in Engler’s Jahrb. vii. p. 273. Norra Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 195). This is not the species previously described by the same author under the same name, but as we are unable to compare them we prefer not renaming it. (iii. p. 456.] 15*. Heleocharis schaffneri, Beckl. in Engler’s Jahrb. vii. p. 274. > Norte Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 204). [iii. p. 462.] 11*. Scirpus (Oncostylis) schaffneri, Boeckl. in Engler’s Jahrb. vil. p. 275. Nort Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 202). (iii. p. 463.] 1* Fuirena repens, Beckl. in Engler’s Jahrb. vii. p. 277. Nortu Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 196). iii. p. 472.] 1*. Carex acutata, Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. p. 124, et ILL Carex, iv. p. 138, tt. 446 et 447; W. Boott in Coulter’s Bot. Gazette, ix. p. 92. Sout Arizona.—NortH Mexico, Huachuca Mountains (Lemmon).—CoLoMBIA to CHILI and BrRaziu. [iii. p. 473.] 7*. Carex extensa, Good. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 175, t. 21. 94 . SUPPLEMENT. fig. 7; Gray, Man. Bot. Northern U.S. ed. 5, p. 594; Boott, Il. Carex, iv. p. 207; Boeck. in Linnea, xli. p. 288. Carex peruviana, Presl; Kunth, Enum. Pl. ii. p. 447. New Yorx.—Mexico, San Pueblo (Gregg, ex Boott)—Sourn America; EUROPE; WESTERN ASIA. Mr. L. H. Bailey, jun., of Cambridge, U.S., writes that he is convinced that C. peruvianus, including presumably the Mexican specimens, is specifically distinct from C. extensa. Boeckler reduces the South-African C. ecklonii, Kunze, to a variety of this. [iii. p. 473.] 8*. Carex fuscolutea, Boeckl. in Engler’s Jahrb. vii. p. 278. Norts Mexico, San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 221). [iii. p. 474.] 19*. Carex rigens, Bailey in Coulter's Bot. Gazette, ix. p. 117. Carex sp., W. Boott, in Proc. Am. Acad. xviii. p. 172. Soutn Arizona.—NortH Mexico, region of San Luis Potosi (Schaffner, 547; Parry & Palmer, 917). Hb. Kew. [iii. p. 474.] 22*. Carex spissa, Bailey, n. sp. “Tall (3-4 feet), stout, the culm very acutely angled; leaves stiff and carinate, conspicuously serrate on the margins, pale or glaucous; staminate spikes 3-5, long, approximate, scales narrow, acute; pistillate spikes 3-6, the lowest often long peduncled, the remainder sessile or nearly so, two to five inches long, very densely flowered except sometimes towards the base, often staminate at the apex; perigynium obovate, turgid, squamose, lightly few- nerved, almost beakless, the orifice slightly toothed, shorter than the rough-awned scale. Stigmas 3.—C. hispida, W. Boott, in part, Coulter’s Bot. Gaz. ix. 89 (1884).”— Bailey, MSS.—See also Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. p. 70. CaLiForNnia; ARIZONA.—MeExico (ex Bailey in litt.). GRAMINEZ. [iii. p. 475.] Pogonopsis tenera, Presl, Relig. Henk. i. p. 333, t. 46; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 1096 (inter genera dubia), recorded from Mexico, is repre- sented in the British Museum by an authentic specimen, which Mr. H. N. Ridley has. examined and determined to be the common Asiatic Pogonatherum crinitum, Trin. It was therefore probably from the Philippine Islands instead of Mexico. [iii. p. 485.] 4. Panicum ascendens, H. B. K., = P. sanguinale, Linn. fide Ridley in litt. | [iii. p. 498.] 94. Panicum unisetum, Presl, = Setaria uniseta, Four. hyj. op. No, 24. [iii. p. 524.] 8. Heteropogon firmus, Presl. Mr. H.W. Ridley, of the British Museum, has examined an authenticated specimen of this and declares it to be HH. contortus. GRAMINEA, 95 [iii p. 543.] Muehlenbergia virescens, Trin. Mr. Ridley identifies Parry and Palmer’s 928, from San Luis Potosi, with this. [iii. p. 561.] 3*. Bouteloua disticha, Benth.; 8. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xvi. p. 180. Polyodon distichum, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. i. p. 174, t. 55. Soutn Mexico, Cuernavaca (Berlandier, 1016, ex Ridley in litt.); Perv. Mus. Brit. [iii. p. 576.] 87*, MELICA. Melica, Linn. Gen. Plant. n. 82; Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. iii. p. 1189. About thirty species, inhabiting Europe, temperate Asia, Africa, and North and South America. 1. Melica imperfecta, Trin. Sp. Gram. Ic. et Descript. iii. t. 355; S. Wats. Bot. Calif. ii. p. 303. OrEGon to Catirornia.—Muxico (Mueller ex Ridley in litt.). Mus. Brit FILICES. [iii. p. 592.] 3*. Hemitelia (Amphicosmia) hartii, Baker in Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 243. Panama, Chiriqui lagoon (Hart, 43). Hb. Kew. [iii. p. 615]. 7. Cheilanthes leucopoda, Link. Nortu Mexico, Chihuahua (Pringle). Hb. Kew. This distinct species was previously not represented in the Kew Herbarium. LYCOPODIACE. [iii. p. 703.] Psilotum complanatum, Swartz. Norta Mexico, near the town of Chihuahua (Pringle). [i. p. 94.] 3*. Sauranja kegeliana, Schl. in Bot. Zeit. 1853, p. 694. GUATEMALA. [i. p. 236.] Varennea polystachya, DC. Prodr. ii. p. 523, syn. Viborguia poly- stachya, Ort. Dec. v. p. 66, = Eysenhardtia amorphoides. 96 SUPPLEMENT. COZUMEL ISLAND. ENUMERATION OF A SMALL COLLECTION OF PLANTS MADE IN 1885 BY F. GAUMER*. Tuts island is about twenty-five miles long, and about twelve miles from the coast of Yucatan, and the highest ground is not more than a few hundred feet above the level of the sea. As Mr. Gaumer is a zoologist rather than a botanist, it is uncertain to what extent the present collection represents the vegetation of the island; but from the nature of the collection generally, it may be assumed that it is a very good sample of the vegetation, and not a mere selection. An analysis follows the list. The species followed by a W. are found in the West Indies. ANONACE. Asimina insularis, Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1514. Foliis floribus coétaneis, floribus solitariis oppositifoliis, petalis subsequalibus sesquipollicaribus 5- 7-nerviis, carpellis sessilibus, ovulis 6 biseriatis. Arbor 20-pedalis (Gaumer), ramis ultimis gracilibus pubescentibus, apice tantum foliiferis floriferis- que. Folia flores coétanea (juniora tantum visa), breviter petiolata, tenuia, molliter pubescentia, oblongo-elliptica, 14-2} poll. longa, acuta, basi cuneata vel interdum fere rotundata, venis primartis secondariisque conspicue subtus elevatis. Flores solitarii, oppositifolii, breviter pedunculati ; pedunculi circiter 4 lineas longi, basi 1-bracteati, bractea ovato-oblonga obtusa subtus hirsuta pedunculum equante; sepala ovata, vix acuta, circiter 4 lineas longa, extus piloso-hirsuta, longitudinaliter 7-nervia; petala subequalia, lanceolato-oblonga, obtusa vel subacuta, sesquipollicaria, longitudinaliter 5-7-nervia, nervis dorso prominentibus hirsutis ; anthera numerosa, sessilia, connectivo ultra loculos truncato expanso ; carpella ad 6, sessilia, hirsuta ; ovula 6, biseriata. Fructus deest. “Not common” (Gaumer). In all particulars except the number of ovules this is very closely allied to the large- flowered Sapranthus nicaraguensis, Seem. [see vol. i. p. 14], which, at the suggestion of Professor Oliver, we here reduce to Asimina, as A. nicaraguensis. Asimina triloba and other North-American congeners differ mainly in having axillary flowers and more numerous ovules. Whether Porcelia, Ruiz and Pavon, should be referred to the same genus we leave undecided; in any case, Adanson’s Asimina is the older. Baillon (‘ Histoire des Plantes,’ i. p. 199) unites these genera as a section of Uvaria. Uvaria hahniana, Baill., is probably of this affinity . * This collection was presented to the Kew Herbarium, and Professor D. Oliver determined the whole of the plants as far as he could without much critical research; but Mr. Hemsley takes the responsibility of describing those believed to be new. + Since the above was put in type, Dr. Asa Gray has published (Coulter’s Bot. Gaz. 1886, p. 161) a revision of the genus As¢mina, in which he takes a very different view of its limits, and retains Sapranthus as an independent genus. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND, OF PAPAVERACEA, li. p. 27.] Argemone mexicana, Linn. Ww. CRUCIFERA. [i. p. 40.] Cakile maritima, Scop., forma. W. GUTTIFERA. [i. p. 89.] Mammea americana, Linn. W. Rare. MALVACEA. [i. p. 103.] Sida carpinifolia, Linn. w. STERCULIACEA. [i. p. 131.] Melochia pyramidata, Linn. W. [i. p. 132.] Melochia tomentosa, Linn., var.2 W. This may be a distinct species: it is the same as Berlandier’s 3032 from the Texano- Mexican region, and there is also a specimen in the Kew Herbarium, collected by Coulter, from Sonora Alta. [i. p. 133.] Guazuma tomentosa, H.B.K. W. MALPIGHIACEZ. [i. p. 146.] Byrsonima crassifolia, H. B. K., var. (B. cumingiana, A. Juss.). W. Not common. | fi. p. 154.] Hirea barclayana, Benth. ? ZYGOPHYLLACEZ. [i. p. 158.] Tribulus maximus, Linn. W. | RUTACE. Murraya exotica, Linn. W. Introduced from the Old World. [i. p. 169.] Zanthoxylon pterota, Linn. W. Not common. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. 0 98 SUPPLEMENT. SIMARUBACE. [i. p.174.] Picramnia antidesma, Sw. W. MELIACE. Trichilia terminalis, Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Am. p. 130; C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. i. p. 66. Trichilia sloanei, Macf. Fl. Jam. p. 168. Acrilla sloanei, Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 129. . Not common. This tree is common in Jamaica, but has hitherto not been found elsewhere. [i. p. 181.] Melia azedarach, Linn. Introduced from the Old World. CELASTRINEA. Myginda pallens, Smith?; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 146. Very rare. This and M. rhacoma, Swartz, are very closely allied, and perhaps better treated as varieties of one species, ranging from the Bermudas, Bahamas, and Florida almost throughout the West Indies, but apparently not reaching Mexico or Central America. [i. p. 194.] Hippocratea (Pristimera) tenella, Miers ? This may be specifically different from the Mexican plant, but the material is insuffi- cient to settle the question. AMPELIDE. [i. p. 204.] Vitis tilizefolia, Willd. W. ANACARDIACE. Rhus metopium, Linn. Ameen. v. p. 395; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 175; Chapm. Fl. Southern U.S. p. 69. Metopium linnei, Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phanerog. iv. p. 367. Rare.—Banamas and SoutH Fioripa to JAMatica and CuBa. Spondias ? Only male flowers and quite young leaves. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. 99 LEGUMINOS&. [i. p. 257.] Tephrosia cinerea, Pers. W. Diphysa, sp. nov. 2, vel D. sennoidei, var. Specimen insufficient for satisfactory determination. [i. p. 262.] Cracca caribzea, Benth.2? Ww. Cracca, sp. ? A fragment. [i p. 274.] Desmodium adscendens, Dc. w. [i. p. 294.] Centrosema virginianum, Benth. W. Gliricidia?, sp. rcv Tree, 50 feet; not abundant. In the absence of the fruit the genus of this tree can- not be satisfactorily determined. Lonchocarpus violaceus ?, H. B. K., v. aff. | Tree, 20 to 60 feet; very abundant. JZ. violaceus is widely spread in the West Indies, and extends, according to Grisebach, to Venezuela and New Granada. [i. p. 819.] Piscidia erythrina, Linn. Ww. Very common. [i. p. 325.] Cesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. Ww Very abundant. [i. p. 327.] Cassia alata, Linn. W. Rare. [i. p. 330.] Cassia emarginata, Linn. Very abundant. [i. p. 339.] Bauhinia porrecta, Sw. W. Not abundant. [i. p. 352.] Acacia farnesiana, Willd. W. Not common. [i. p. 355.] Acacia spadicigera, Ch. et Schl. 2 Abundant. Lysiloma ?, sp. n. aff. L. schiedeane. Tree, 25 to 100 feet; abundant. Fruit wanting. Pithecolobium sericiflorum ?, Benth. Vine, 10 to 50 feet; common. Typical sericiforum inhabits Venezuela. 20 100 SUPPLEMENT. CRASSULACE. [i. p. 387.] Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. W. COMBRETACEE. Terminalia catappa, Linn. Mant. p. 519; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 276 ; Hemsl. Bot. Chall. Exped. i. 3, pp. 150 et 292. A native of the Old World, where it is widely dispersed, especially in. maritime districts. It is also found wild in many of the West Indian Islands, where it may have been introduced by man or by oceanic currents, as the seed-vessels float and the seeds retain their vitality after long immersion in the sea. | [i. p. 403.] Conocarpus erecta, Linn. W. MYRTACE. [i. p. 406.] Psidium pomiferum, Linn. W. Eugenia, sp. nov. ? Quite different from anything in the Kew Herbarium; but so many species of this vast genus have been described of which we have seen no authenticated specimens that we hesitate giving it a name. LYTHRACE. [i. p. 448.] Lawsonia alba, Linn. W. Introduced from the Old World. PASSIFLORACEE. Passiflora andersonii, DC. ? Prodr. iii. p. 236. Vine, 30 to 60 feet; very abundant. The typical andersoni is a native of Santa Lucia and Dominica. | [i. p. 477.] Passiflora feetida, Linn. W. CUCURBITACE. [i. p. 482.] Momordica charantia, Linn. W. Sicydium ?, sp. nov. (Maximowiczia, Cogn.) Vine, 15 feet; rare. Foliage and male flowers only. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. 101 CACTACE., [i. p. 544.] Cereus, an C. nycticalis vel macdonaldie 2 ‘On trees ; common. CAPRIFOLIACEZ. [ii. p. 1.] Sambucus mexicana, Presl. ‘RUBIACEA. Rhachicallis rupestris, DC. Prodr. iv. p. 434; Griseb. Fl. Brit, West Ind. ~p. 380; Hemsl. Bot. Chall. Exped. i. 1, p. 37. Found only on the sea-shore ; not abundant.—Brrmupas to Cusa and JAMAICA. This is the only species of the genus: it is placed next after Rondeletia by Bentham and Hooker. [ii. p. 34.] Hamelia patens, Jacq. W. [ii. p. 40.] Randia aculeata, Linn.; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 318, B. métis. [ii. p. 43.] Randia latifolia, Lam. Ww. Randia ? longiloba, Hemsl., n. sp. Foliis in ramulis floriferis confertis tenuibus, floribus subsessilibus, corolla lobis tubo multo longi- oribus, ovario 1-loculari. Arbor 25-pedalis (Gaumer), inermis vel Spinis paucis munita, undique glabra, ramulis ultimis flori- feris brevibus crassis, internodiis obsoletis. Folia (juniora tantum visa) in ramulis floriferis conferta, graciliter petiolata, tenuia, ovali-elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, cum petiolo usque ad 35 poll. longa, obtusissima, simul mucronulata, basi valde attenuata, venis lateralibus primariis utrinque circiter 10,inconspicuis, longe intra marginem anastomosantibus. Flores albi (Gaumer), 5-meri, in apicibus ramulorum brevissimorum congesti, subsessiles, circiter 2 poll. diametro ; calycis crassi subcarnosi tubus ultra ovarium productus, inter dentes tenuior, albescens, trans- lucens, dentibus crassis brevibus vix acutis; corolla crassiuscula, hypocraterimorpha, fauce glabra, tubo quam lobi perspicue breviore ; lobi in alabastram valde contorti, angusti, acuti, per anthesin patentissimi ; stamina inclusa; discus carnosus, cupularis ; ovarium 1-loculare, stylo incluso clavato profunde bifido; ovula in placentis 2 parietalibus numerosa. Fructus deest. “Very common and very aromatic ” ( Gaumer). In the absence of fruit, the genus of this tree cannot be satisfactorily determined ; but, although it has only a one-celled ovary, it seems better to refer it to Randia rather -than Gardenia, so long as the two genera are retained. Coutarea octomera, Hemsl., n. sp. ‘Glabra, foliis parvis coriaceis, floribus octomeris semipollicaribus, calycis lobis linearibus, corolla anguste campanulata. 102 SUPPLEMENT. Frutex glaber, ramulis floriferis apice tantum foliiferis. Folia petiolata, coriacea, crassiuscula, oblongo-elliptica, cum petiolo 1-2 poll. longa, basi cuneata, apice rotundata simul mucronulata, supra nitida, subtus pallidiora, venis primariis utrinque circiter 4 subimmersis inter se intra marginem anastomosantibus ; petiolus usque 4 lineas longus. Flores octomeri, semipollicares, breviter pedunculati, in apicibus ramulorum pauci; pedunculi circiter 3 lineas longi; calycis lobi ad 3 lineas longi, lineares vel subulati; corolla anguste campanulatz lobi breves, latiusculi, apice subcuculati; stamina 8, basi corolle inserta, antheris filamentis longioribus breviter exsertis; ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis indefinitis biseriatis; stylus gracilis, indivisus, breviter exsertus, stigmate clavato. Fructus ignotus. , “Very rare; flowers greenish yellow” (Gawmer). [ii. p. 44.] Chiococca racemosa, Jacq., varietates. W. ii. p. 46.] Morinda roioc, Linn. W. Ernodea littoralis, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. i. p. 224; DC. Prodr. iv. p. 576; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 347; Chapman, Fl. Southern U.S. p. 176. Bush, 1 to 8 feet; abundant. A coast plant, extending from the Banamas and FLoripa to Cupa and JAMAICA. Like Rhachicallis, this is a littoral monotype: it is placed next to Triodon. [ii. p. 60.] Spermacoce tenuior, Linn. W. COMPOSIT. Eupatorium, sp. “Rare. Flowers white tinged with dull yellow” (Gaumer). There is an unnamed specimen in the Kew Herbarium of the same species, labelled “Yucatan and Tabasco, Torrey, 1850.” It may, or may not, be an undescribed species. | Ageratum intermedium, Hemsl., n. sp. Caulibus adscendentibus, foliis parvis petiolatis ovatis, cymis parvis longe pedunculatis, pedunculis nudis, achzeniis 5-costatis, pappi paleis 5 fimbriatis quarum una tantum longe aristata. Herba perennis?, parce albo-pilosa, caulibus adscendentibus floriferis superne aphyllis. Folia petio- lata, mollia, ovata, absque petiolo usque ad 14 poll. longa, vix acuta, basi rotundata, calloso- crenato-dentata, subtrinervia; petiolus usque ad 1 poll. longus, gracilis. Capitula mediocria, pauca in cymas longe pedunculatas disposita, pedunculis nudis, pedicellis bracteis linearibus ornatis ; involucri bracteze subbiseriate, rigidiuscule, lineari-lanceolate, acute, longitudinaliter 2-3-costate, flores fere eequantes; receptaculum leviter convexum, epaleaceum, alveolatum. Flores indefiniti, purpurei (Gaumer), obscure puberuli ; corollze tubus deorsum gradatim at- tenuatus. Achenia glabra, prominenter 5-costata; pappi pale 5, longiuscule, fimbriate, una sepissime longe aristata. “ Abundant” (Gaumer). This is intermediate in pappus between the common A. conyzoides and A. muticum ; PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. ; 108 and the plant doubtingly referred to Aloméia ageratoides apparently differs from the present only in having white flowers and epappose achenes. [ii. p.79.] Alomia ageratoides, H. B. K.? [ii. p.123.] Erigeron canadensis, Linn. W. [ii. p.133.] Pluchea purpurascens, DC. W. [ii. p.145.] Melampodium divaricatum, DC. Ambrosia hispida, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. p. 743; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. 1. 2, p. 250; Chapm. Fl. Southern U.S. p. 223. Ambrosia crithmifolia, DC. Prody. v. p. 525; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 370. Sea-shore, very abundant.—F Loripa ; Banamas; TurK Isuanp; CuBaA. [ii. p. 148.] Parthenium hysterophorus, Linn. W. [ii. p. 183.] Melananthera hastata, Michx. W. [ii. p. 170.] Wedelia carnosa, Rich. W. Borrichia arborescens, DC. Prodr. v. p. 489; Chapm. Fl. Southern U.S. p. 224; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 371; Hemsl. in Bot. Chall. Exped. i. 1, p. 44, t. 2. Bushy, about 3 feet; abundant on sea-shore-—BeRMUDAS and SoutH Fioripa to GUADALOUPE, JAMatca, Cuba, and Perv. Spilanthes repens, Michx. FI. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 131; A. Gr. Synopt. Fl. N. Am. 1. 2, p. 258, var. ? Spilanthes nuttallii, Torr. et A. Gr. Fl. N. Am. ii. p. 356. Marshy places; not abundant.—Gray gives the range of the species, as extended by him, from Sour Carouina to Fuoripa, ARKANSAS, and TEXAS. [ii. p. 203.] Bidens pilosa, Linn. W. [ii. p. 208.] Tridax procumbens, Linn. W. [ii p. 216.] Flaveria linearis, Lag. W. CAMPANULACE. Isotoma longiflora, Presl, Prodr. Lob. p. 42; DC. Prodr. vii. p. 413; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 388. Not common.—Throughout the West Inpies; and there is also.a specimen in the Kew Herbarium from Guatema.a, which was overlooked before. 104: SUPPLEMENT. MYRSINE. [ii. p. 295.] Jacquinia aristata, Jacq. Fragm. t. 94, fig. 2; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Ind. p. 397. Jacquinia caracasana, H. B. K.; Biol. Centr.-Am. ii. p. 295. W. SAPOTACEA. Bumelia retusa, Sw. var.?; Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 401. Common.—Jamaica ; CUBA. APOCYNACE. [ii. p. 307.] Thevetia neriifolia, Juss. W. Thevetia gaumeri, Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1517. Foliis subcoriaceis oblanceolatis venis inconspicuis, floribus mediocribus, corolle tubo calyce sub- equali, lobis angustis oblique spathulatis, faucis squamis filamentisque barbatis, disco maximo. carnoso. Arbor 40-60-pedalis (Gaumer) , omnino glaberrima, ramulis ultimis crassiusculis, nitidis. Folia petio- (74 lata, tenuiter coriacea, oblanceolata, cum petiolo usque ad 5 poll. longa 14 lataque, vix acuta, deorsum in petiolum sensim attenuata, supra nitida, subtus pallidiora, venis utrinque immersis. inconspicuis. Flores citrini (Gaumer), mediocres, in cymas erectas subterminales 5—10-floras breviter pedunculatas dispositi, pedicellis 4-1 poll. longis; calycis segmenta crassa, ovato- oblonga, abrupte breviterque acuminata vel apiculata, 4-5 lineas longa, corollz tubum equantia, basi intus multisquamulosa vel glandulosa; corolla infundibularis, sesqui- ad bipollicaris, tubo- brevi, lobis oblique spathulatis, truncatis, faucis squamis albo-barbatis; stamina ad medium tubi inserta, filamentis complanatis medio pilis longis albidis rigidis dense barbatis ; anthers connectivo apice breviter graciliterque cornuto; discus cupularis, crassus, carnosus, ovarium cingens ; ovarium glabrum, loculis biovulatis ; stylus filiformis, infra stigma conoideum nudus, stigmate pilis albidis supra instructo. Fructus compressus, trigonus, apice 1+ poll. latus, deorsum attenuatus, 2 poll. longus, biapiculatus. ° Not common ” (Gaumer). The relatively short tube and narrow lobes of the medium-sized corolla, associated with inconspicuously veined leaves, are the most prominent characteristics of this. species. [ii. p. 309.] Tabernemontana acapulcensis, Miers. ASCLEPIADACEAE. fii. p. 323.] Asclepias curassavica, Linn. W. [ii. p. 337.] Marsdenia maculata, Hook. W. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. 105 GENTIANACE. [ii. p. 348.] Hustoma exaltatum, Salisb. W. BORAGINACE. [ii. p. 367.] Cordia dodecandra, DC. [ii. p. 367.] Cordia globosa, H. B. K., var.? W. [ii. p. 375.] Heliotropium inundatum, Sw. W. [ii. p.376.] Heliotropium parviflorum, Linn. W. CONVOLVULACE. [ii. p. 384.] Ipomea (Calonyction) bona-nox, Linn. W. [ii. p. 388.] Ipomea (Pharbitis) jamaicensis, Don. W. [ii. p. 392.] Ipomoea pes-capre, Linn. W. Gaumer states that this ubiquitous tropical sea-shore trailing plant sometimes attains a hundred feet in length. [ii. p. 397.] Jacquemontia violacea, Choisy. W. [ii. p.401.] Cuscuta americana, Linn. W. SOLANACE. [ii. p. 404.] Solanum amazonium, Ker. [ii. p. 412.] Solanum nigrum, Linn., var., W. [ii. p. 417.] Solanum verbascifolium, Linn. W. [ii. p. 423.] Capsicum baccatum, Linn. W. [ii. p. 428.] Datura stramonium, Linn. W. Cestrum diurnum, Linn.? Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 444. Grisebach records this from the CaripBeaN IsLanps and Cvusa only. SCROPHULARINEZ. [ii. p. 446.] Russelia sarmentosa, Jacq. W. [ii. p. 451.] Herpestis monniera, H.B.K. W. [ii. p. 451.] Herpestis chamadryoides, H.B.K. W. [ii. p. 455.] Capraria biflora, Linn. W. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. 106 SUPPLEMENT. BIGNONIACE. Bignonia, near B. difficilis and B. diversifolia. “ Vine, 10 to 30 feet long; not abundant ” (Gaumer). There is no fruit and only imperfect leaves of either this or the next. Bignonia, sp. “Vine 10 to 100 feet long; very abundant deep in the forest” (Gawmer). ACANTHACE.. [ii. p. 508.] Blechum browneli, Nees, var.? W. Bravaisia tubiflora, Hemsl. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1516. Foliis parvis subcoriaceis venis inconspicuis, floribus subsessilibus hirsutis, corolla supra calycem in tubo stricte cylindrico subito constricta. Arbor 25-pedalis (Gaumer), ramulis ultimis floriferis brevibus gracilibus minute puberulis. Folia petiolata, subcoriacea, ovali-elliptica, usque ad 8 poll. longa et 14 poll. lata, superiora gradatim minora, cum bracteis obovato-spathulata, omnia cito glabrescentia, margine leviter incrassata, apice rotundata vel obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, venis primariis utrinque 2-5 inconspicuis fere obsoletis. Flores albo-purpurei (Gaumer), circiter 1 poll. longi, in axillis foliorum solitarii, szepius sessiles, bibracteati, bracteis spathulatis dimidio brevioribus ; calycis segmenta persistentia fere equalia, obtusissima vel rotundata, ciliolata, circiter 3 lineas longa; corolla subcampanulata, primum extus dense hirsuta, intus minus hirsuta, demum fere glabrescens, supra calycem in tubo cylindrico subito constricta ; limbi lobis contortis brevibus subzequalibus rotundatis ; stamina 4, didynama, inclusa, ad apicem tubi constricti inserta, filamentis parce pilosis, anther loculis basi breviter caudatis; ovarium glabrum, loculis biovulatis, ovulis adscendentibus, stylo gracillimo. Capsula ovoidea, crustacea, nitida ; semina matura non visa. “ Not abundant ” (Gaumer). A specimen in the Kew Herbarium, in fruit, collected at Tlacotalpan, in Mexico, by Hahn, and formerly referred to B. floribunda, is evidently this species, which is readily distinguished by its smaller leaves, almost or quite sessile flowers, and especially by the hairy corolla being suddenly constricted into a cylindrical tube close above the calyx- segments. (ii. p. 524] Dicliptera assurgens, Juss. W. VERBENACEA. fii. p. 527.] Lantana camara, Linn. W. fii. p. 528.] Lantana involucrata, Linn. W. {ii. p. 530.] Lippia nodiflora, Michx. W. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. 107 Lippia steechadifolia, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 265; DC. Prodr. xi. p. 584; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Indies, p. 495. ‘Not common.—Cvusa to Guiana; and Grisebach records it from Mexico, but we have seen no specimens. ' [ii p. 532.] Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, Vahl. W. fii. p. 532.] Priva echinata, Juss. W. (ii. p. 537.] Duranta plumieri, Jacq. W. (ii. p. 538.] Callicarpa acuminata, H. B. K., var. [ii. p. 540.] Avicennia tomentosa, Jacq. W. LABIAT. [ii. p. 547.] Micromeria brownei, Benth., forma calyce angustiore. W. Salvia serotina, Linn. Mant. p. 25; DC. Prodr. xii. p. 298; Griseb. Fl. Brit. West Indies, p. 490; Chapm. Fl. Southern U. S. p. 319. Common.—Sovutu Fioripa, and throughout the Wesr INDIEs. PLANTAGINE. [ii. p. 575. Plantago major, Linn. W. 4 NYCTAGINE. (iii. p. 4.) Boerhaavia erecta, Linn. W. AMARANTACE. [iii. p.16.] Mogiphanes straminea, Mart. W. [iii p. 21.] Tresine celosioides, Linn. W. PHYTOLACCACE. [iii. p. 28.] Rivina humilis, Linn. W. POLYGONACE. (iii. p. 37.] Antigonon leptopus, Hook. et Arn.? (sepala exteriora basi sub- cordata). 108 SUPPLEMENT. Coccoloba cozumelensis, Hemsl., n. sp. Arborescens fere undique glabra, foliis parvis tenuibus graciliter petiolatis stipulis cito deciduis, racemis gracilibus elongatis floribus singillatim dispositis, perianthii segmentis orbicularibus. Arbor 30-50-pedalis (Gaumer) , ramulis ultimis floriferis gracilibus, cum foliis floribusque fere omnino glabris. Folia breviter graciliterque petiolata, tenuia, fere membranacea, leviter oblique ovato- oblonga, cum petiolo 1-4 poll. longa, obtusa vel subacuta, basi rotundata vel subcordata, subtus precipue secus costam parce pubescentia, venis primariis lateralibus utrinque 6-8, yenulis ultimis minutissime reticulatis; stipule parve, membranacez, integre, cito decidue. Flores albo-virides (Gaumer), 2-24 lineas diametro, in racemos graciles usque ad 6 poll. longos dispositi, pedicellis brevissimis crassiusculis (nec fasciculatis), bracteis brevibus truncatis ; perianthii tubus brevissimus; segmenta tenuia, orbicularia, staminibus paullo breviora. Fructus deest. “Common ” (Gawmer). Without possessing any striking characteristics, this species is sufficiently distinct in its slender branchlets, thin leaves, and long slender racemes, in which the flowers are solitary (not fascicled), to be easily distinguished from all others known to us. [iii. p. 37.] Coccoloba uvifera, Jacq. W. LAURINE. [iii. p. 75.] Nectandra willdenowiana, Nees, varietates. W. EUPHORBIACE. fii. p. 95.] Euphorbia heterophylla, Linn. W. fiii. p. 96.] Euphorbia hypericifolia, Linn. W. (iii. p. 98.] Euphorbia pilulifera, Linn. W. Euphorbia trichotoma, H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. p. 60; DC. Prodr. xv. pt. 2, p. 105; Chapm. Fl. Southern U. S. p. 402. Common on the sea-shore.—SoutH FLoRIDA and CUBA. Phylanthus, sp. (P. nutantis, var. 2). Not common. Croton, sp., an C. astroites, Ait., var. 2 Without a label. | C. astroites, Ait., syn. C. phlomoides, Pers., is a common species in the West Indies, AMARYLLIDEZA. | [iii, p, 334.] Hippeastrum equestre, Herb. Ww. PLANTS OF COZUMEL ISLAND. 109 LILIACE, [iii. p. 365.] Smilax mexicana, Kth.? var. COMMELINACE. [iii. p. 387.] Commelina erecta, Linn.? PALM. Thrinax, an 7. parviflora, Sw.? Griseb. Fl. Brit, W. Ind. p. 515. Very abundant.—Flowers only. fT. parvifiora, Swartz, is apparently restricted to the West Indies, where it is gre- garious in arid maritime districts in the BanaMas, Jamaica, and Hayrt. CYPERACEA. [iii. p. 440.] Cyperus ligularis, Linn. W. [iii. p. 452.] (iii. [iii. p. 566. | [iii. p. 573.) (iii. p. 496.] p. 622] Cyperus thyrsiflorus, Jungh. GRAMINE. Panicum sanguinale, Linn. W. Eleusine indica, Gertn. W. Eragrostis ciliaris, Link. W. FILICES. Pteris aquilina, Linn., var. caudata. W. Altogether there are 140 flowering plants and one fern, and of these 141 species, ninety are common to the West Indies and Mexico, or Central America; nineteen, including five doubtful ones, occur on the mainland, but are not known to be West- and twelve of them are essentially West-Indian species, not known to occur on the mainland, at least neither in Mexico nor in Central America. Then there is one south-eastern North-American species and four Old World colonists, leaving fifteen not identified with any described species, though half of these are perhaps not specifi- cally distinct from known plants, the specimens being imperfect. Even those described Indian ; 110 SUPPLEMENT. as new species may exist on the opposite mainland, for very little is known of the vegetation of Yucatan. Taking present data, however, the Flora of Cozumel is probably more West-Indian than continental American in character; for, although the number of species, excluding doubtful ones, common to Cozumel and the continent but not found in the West Indies is somewhat larger than the number of West-Indian species found in Cozumel but not on the mainland, those of the latter category are of a more distinct type than those of the former. Thus Rhachicallis and Ernodea are very distinct monotypic genera—the former ranging from the Bermudas and Bahamas to Cuba and Jamaica, and the latter from Southern Florida and the Bahamas to Guadaloupe and Jamaica. Rhus metopiwm, which with one other Cuban species Engler has recently raised to the rank of an independent genus, is only West-Indian and Floridan ; Trichilia terminalis, is a common tree in Jamaica, not recorded from elsewhere; and Ambrosia hispida and Euphorbia trichotoma are decidedly well-marked species restricted to the Floridan and West-Indian region ; while the remainder are doubtful or less distinct. It is true that the majority of the plants named are essentially littoral. On the other hand, there is not one continental genus represented in the flora of Cozumel, so far as is known, which is not likewise West-Indian. Sambucus at first seemed to be a note- worthy exception, as the genus does not appear in Grisebach’s ‘Flora of the British West Indian Islands,’ nor, apparently, in any other record; but on looking through the Kew Herbarium a specimen of a species of Sambucus was found labelled “ St. Vincent, Rev. L. Guilding.” It may or may not be the same species as that from Cozumel, and there is a possibility of a mistake, as there is no original label. The New World range of Sambucus is from Canada to North Florida and California, through Mexico and the Andes to Chili, South Brazil, and Buenos Ayres. In composition Mr. Gaumer’s collection of Cozumel plants offers almost a parallel to Professor Moseley’s collection from Fernando Noronha*, probably owing to similar causes. Gaumer found only one species of fern—a form of the almost ubiquitous Pteris aquilina—Moseley none; Gaumer two or three petaliferous monocotyledons and five grasses and sedges—Moseley no petaliferous monocotyledons, but two or three more grasses. As in most insular floras, the proportion of genera to species is high in Cozumel: thus the 141 species belong to 121 genera and fifty-four natural orders. The only genera represented by more than two species are: Jpomea, Solanum, and Euphorbia. Among the plants described as new, Bravaisia tubiflora is perhaps the most interesting, as it is the second species of the genus, the other ranging from Mexico to Peru and also occurring in Trinidad ; and the new species is the same as a specimen collected by Hahn at “ Tlacatalpan,” probably Tlacotalpan, near the coast, in Vera Cruz. * See Hemsl. Bot. Chall. Exped. i. 2, p. 9. A LIST OF PLANTS FROM HOLBOX, MUGERES, COZUMEL, AND RUATAN ISLANDS, OFF THE COASTS OF YUCATAN AND HONDURAS, COLLECTED BY MR. G. F. GAUMER IN 1886 *. C = Cozumel; H = Holbox; M = Mugeres; R = Ruatan. Clematis dioica, Z. C. Cissampelos pareira, Z. R. Argemone mexicana, L. C. Cakile equalis, Z’Hérit. M. Cleome polygama, Z. R. Securidaca erecta, L. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 29.—West Indies, Guiana, and Brazil. Sida carpinifolia, Z. R. cordifolia, Z. R. Hibiscus tiliaceus, Z. R. Malvaviscus, near M. pilosus, DC. R.; C. Pachira aquatica, Audi. R. Triumfetta semitriloba, Z. R. Waltheria americana, 2. R.; ?C. , var.? Hi. Muntingia calabura, Z. R. Byrsonima coriacea, DC, var.? R. Malpighia glabra, Z. R. undulata, Juss. C. Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum, Juss. R. Hireea reclinata, Jacg.? R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 121.— Trinidad, Venezuela. Esenbeckia pentaphylla, Griseb. M. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 135.—Jamaica. Rutacearum gen. nov.? M. Simaruba glauca, Ath.? R. Suriana maritima, Z. H.; M. Gomphia nitida, Sw. R. Trichilia, sp. nov.? R. Salacia, sp. nov.?, near S. (Raddisia) gran- diflora. R. Eleodendron? M. Vitis tiliefolia, Willd. R. Paullinia curassavica, Jacg.? C. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 124.— Jamaica, Colombia. Ratonia apetala, Gr.? R. Sapindus, near S. divaricatus, Willd. C. Spondias lutea, Z. RB. Mangifera indica, Z. C. Rourea glabra, H. B. Kk. R. Crotalaria retusa, LZ. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 179.—A native of tropical Asia, widely colonized in America. pumila, Ort. M. Indigofera anil, Z. C. mucronata, Spreng. C. Gliricidia maculata, 7. B. K. OC. Tephrosia cinerea, Pers., var.? R. * So little is known of the flora of the eastern side of Central America that it is desirable to publish this list, although the collection was not named in time to be utilized in the geographical tables in the Appendix. References to Grisebach’s ‘Flora of the British West Indies ’ are given after those species not in our Enumera- tion: these number about twenty-five. It will be seen that the majority of the plants are of widely diffused species, and the peculiar element only small. A Rutacea may prove the type of a new genus; but without fruit it is impossible to be sure on this point. The collection was presented by Mr. Godman to the Kew Herbarium. 112 SUPPLEMENT. Desmodium incanum, DC. R.; C. Clitoria ternatea, LZ. R. Rhynchosia minima, DC. R.; M. Galactia, sp. C. | Phaseolus semierectus, LZ. R. adenanthus, G. F. Meyer, var.? RB. lunatus, LZ. C. vulgaris, LZ. C. Vigna luteola, Benth. R. Ecastaphyllum brownei, Pers. R. »sp.n.? R. Piscidia erythrina, Z. R. Pterocarpus draco, £. R. Lonchocarpus hondurensis, Benth. R. latifolius, H. B. KK. R. Sophora tomentosa, J. M. Cesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. R. Cassia occidentalis, Z. R.; M. rotundifolia, Pers. R. oxyphylla, H. B.K. R. ,sp. ©.; M. Bauhinia porrecta, Sw. C. , near B. grandiflora. R. Acacia farnesiana, Willd. C. Desmanthus depressus, H.B.K. C. Mimosa pudica, Z. R. asperata, L. R. , near M. costaricensis, Benth. R. Pithecolobium oblongum, Benth. R.; M. unguis-cati, Benth. M. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 226.— Florida, West Indies, Venezuela. Inga, near I. meissneriana? R. Chrysobalanus icaco, £. R.; M. Hirtella americana, J. R. Rhizophora mangie, LZ. H. Conocarpus erecta, Z. R.; H. Psidium pomiferum, LZ. R. Jussicea erecta, LZ. R. suffruticosa, Z. R. Casearia, spp. R. Turnera ulmifolia, Z. R. Passiflora foctida, DZ. M. Luffa egyptiaca, Mill. R. Carica papaya, L. C. Hamelia patens, Jacg. C. Ernodea littoralis, Sw. H.; M. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 347.— Florida, West Indies. Erithalis fruticosa, 2. H.; M. Strumpfia maritima, Jacg. M. — Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 336.— West Indies. Psychotria undata, Jacg. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p, 342.— West Indies. | Spermacoce tenuior, L. R.; C. verticillata, Sw. H. Ageratum, sp. M.; R. | Eupatorium macrophyllum, DC. R. paniculatum, Schrad. C. , near E. conyzoides, Vahl. C. Brickellia diffusa, A. Gray. R. Pluchea odorata, DC. M. Bidens leucantha, Willd. R. Eclipta erecta, Z. R. Melanthera deltoidea, Rich. R.; C. Wedelia carnosa, Rich. R. Parthenium hysterophorus, Z. C. Blainvillea dichotoma, Cass. C. Venezuela to Brazil. Melampodium divaricatum, DC. C. Borrichia arborescens, DC. H.; M. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 371.—Ber-- mudas, Florida, West Indies, Peru. Flaveria longifolia, A. Gray. H. Spilanthes repens, Miche C. A. Gray, Synopt. Fl. N. Am. i. p. 2.— Carolina to Florida and Texas. Neurolena lobata, 2. Br. R. ADDITIONAL COZUMEL, RUATAN, AND OTHER PLANTS. 113 Viguiera helianthoides, DC. C. Senecio (Gynoxys), sp.? R. Cnicus mexicanus, Hemsl. RB. Lycoseris squarrosa, Benth. RB. Scevola plumieri, Z. M.; H. Jacquinia aristata, Jacg. H. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 397.— W. Indies, Venezuela. Bumelia retusa, Sw., var.? M. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 401.— W. Indies. Kchites paludosa, Vahl. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 415.— W. Indies. Thevetia neriifolia, Juss. C. nitida, DC. R. Rauwolfia canescens, L. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 407.— West Indies, Venezuela, Colombia. Tabernemontana, near T. acapulcensis, Miers. RB. Vallesia glabra, Cav. M. Marsdenia maculata, Hook. R. Asclepias curassavica, Z. R. Metastelma parviflorum, 2. Br.t M.; H.; R. Spigelia mexicana, DC. R. Eustoma exaltatum, Griseb. H. Nama jamaicensis, L. C. Tournefortia gnaphalioides, &. Br. H.; M. —— volubilis, Z. M. levigata, Lam. R. Cordia gerascanthus, Z. M. speciosa, Willd. M. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 478.—West Indies, Guiana to Colombia. Heliotropium indicum, LZ. R. Tpomeea triloba, Z. C. sidefolia, LZ. C. Tpomeea fastigiata, Sweet. C. umbellata, Choisy. R. —, near I. acuminata. R. coccinea, L. C. acetosefolia, R. @ S. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 471.—West Indies, Guiana, Brazil. Jamaicensis, Don. C. Jacquemontia pentantha, Jacg. C. Cuscuta americana, Z. OC. Solanum nigrum, Z., var. M. verbascifolium, JZ. C. torvum, Sw. R. callicarpefolium, Kunth & Bouché? R. nudum, Ath.? R. , sp. H. Capsicum frutescens, Z. C. Lycium, near L. barbinodum, Miers. H. Cestrum diurnum, Z.? C. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 444.—West Indies. Russelia sarmentosa, Jacg. R. Scoparia dulcis, Z. RB. Capraria biflora, Z. M.; H.; R. Bignonia laurifolia, V. R. Dicliptera assurgens, Juss. C. Aphelandra pectinata, Mees. R. Priva echinata, Juss. C.; R. Petrea arborea, Ath. R. Citharexylum caudatum, L. Avicennia nitida, Jacg. H. Callicarpa acuminata, H. B. KX. R. Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, V. R.; M. Lippia nodiflora, Rich. R.; H. Lantana odorata, £. R.; H.; M. Lippia geminata, H. B. XK. R. , sp. M. Hyptis pectinata, Poit. Salvia serotina, Z. M. C.; R. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. qg 114 SUPPLEMENT. Boerhaavia erecta, Z. C. Bougainvillea spectabilis, Juss. R.—In- troduced. Celosia nitida, Vahl. M. Chamissoa altissima, Kth. R. Philoxerus vermicularis, R. Br. H. Tresine celosioides, L. C. Chenopodium ambrosioides, L. R. Amarantus chlorostachys, Willd. R. Atriplex cristata, H. B.K. 4H. Sueda, sp. H. Rivina levis, 2. C.; M. Microtea debilis, Sw. R. Coccoloba humboldtii, Meissn.? R. Aristolochia foetens, Lindl. R. Piper, sp. R. , near P. bredemeyeri. KR. Nectandra willdenoviana, Nees. R. sp. R. Cassytha americana, Nees. H. =C. filiformis, Linn. Tragia volubilis, Z. R. 7 Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 48.—West Indies, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil. Euphorbia pilulifera, L. R. —— buxifolia, Zam. R.; H.; M. —— hypericifolia, 2. R.; C. petiolaris, Sims. M. cotinifolia, 2. R. Phyllanthus niruri, L. C. Acalypha, near A. diversifolia. R. alopecuroides, Jacg. C. Argithamnia, sp. R. Croton maritimus, Walt. H. , near C. glabellus, MW. Arg. R. Trema micrantha, Bth. & Hk. f. RB. Maranta, sp. R. Tillandsia, sp.? H. Canna indica, L. 2 R.; C. Dioscorea densiflora, Hemsl. C. Commelina nudiflora, LZ. R.—Widely spread. virginica, LL. R.; M.; C. Sabal, sp. M. Cyperus surinamensis, Rottb. R. brunneus, Sw. M.; H. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 565.— West Indies. ligularis, L. R. flexuosus, Vahl. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 566.—West Indies, Brazil. Fimbristylis polymorpha, Beckl. H. Rhynchospora cephalotes, Vahl. R. Scleria bracteata, Cav. R. Paspalum conjugatum, Berg. R. Panicum sanguinale, Z., var. R.; C. leucopheum, H. B. K. R. divaricatum, JZ. R. Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 551.—West Indies. Ichnanthes pallens, Munro. R. Oplismenus sylvaticus, #. & 8.2 RB. Setaria glauca, Beauv. R. Sporobolus indicus, &. Br. R. jacquemontii, Ath. H.; R. Chloris petrea, . H. © Eleusine indica, Gaertn. C.; M.; R. egyptiaca, Pers. (Dactyloctenium egyptiacum, Willd.) H. Leptochloa domingensis, Link. R. — (perhaps =L. virgata). C. Eragrostis ciliaris, Zink. C.; M.; H. Adiantum trapeziforme, Z. R. Gymnogramme calomelanos, Kaulf. R. Pteris aculeata, Sw. R. Lygodium venustum, Sw. R. volubile, Sw. R. COSTA-RICAN FERNS. On page 589 of the third volume of this work it is stated that the Kew Herbarium contained only about fifty species of Ferns from Costa Rica. That number has now been increased to 134 by a collection made by Mr. J. J. Cooper, and communicated to Kew by the Trustees of the National Museum, Washington, U.S. This collection of Ferns was obligingly offered to the writer for the purposes of this work, and, as Mr. Baker kindly undertook to name them, the offer was accepted, on the condition that Kew received the first set. Independently of four new species, there are fifteen * in the following list not previously recorded from any part of our territory ; but as the summary and analysis of the flora was all written before the names of this collection were available, they are not included therein. To add them now would involve the alteration of many figures, some of which would almost certainly escape notice; and such alterations would not materially affect any question concerning the general distri- bution of Ferns; therefore it appears better to be content with a cross reference to this Supplement. Gleichenia pectinata, Presi. Syn. Fil. p. 15.—Almost universal in the tropics. ; y —— intermedia, Baker, n. sp., in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 24. Cyathea arborea, Sw. divergens, Kunze; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 18.—Colombia to Peru. Hemitelia horrida, 2. Br.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 28.—West Indies and Colombia. Hymenophyllum ciliatum, Sw. polyanthos, Sw. myriocarpum, Hook. Trichomanes crispum, Sw. rigidum, Sw. Dicksonia cicutaria, Sw. dichotoma, Hook.; Hook. et Bak. Dicksonia incisa, Fée; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 462. rubiginosa, Kaulf. Davallia inzequalis, Kunze. imrayana, Hook.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 90.—West Indies, Guiana. schlechtendalii, Presi. / Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dry. guianensis, Dry.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. _ Fil. p. 107.—West Indies to Brazil. / Adiantum tenerum, Sw. patens, Willd. cooperi, Baker, n. sp., in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 25. - Lonchitis pubescens, Willd.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p.128.— Widely spread in tropical regions. The genus is new V 1 to our flora. * References to the ‘Synopsis Filicum’ and their distribution are added after these species. g 2 116 / Hypolepis repens, Pres!. Cheilanthes lendigera, Sw. Pellea angustifolia, Baker. | Pteris aquilina, L. a quadriaurita, Letz. palmata, Willd. incisa, Thund. v Lomaria attenuata, Willd. procera, Spreng. Blechnum longifolium, Willd. volubile, Kaulf. ; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 187.—West Indies to Brazil and Peru. ' Asplenium serratum, L. monanthemum, L. -—— lunulatum, Sw. anisophyllum, Bunge. serra, L. & F. abscissum, Welld. auriculatum, Sw. auritum, Sw. cicutarium, Sw. bulbiferum, Forst. radicans, Schk. lindbergii, Mett. = neglectum, Karst.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 490.—Colombia and South Mexico, though previously overlooked. Didymochlena lunulata, Desv. Aspidium juglandifolium, Kunze. trifoliatum, Sw. . Nephrodium filix-mas, Rich. patens, Desv. villosum, Presi. | ~ Oleandra neriiformis, Cav. ; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 302.—Widely diffused in the tropics. v —— nodosa, Presi. va 6. fraxineum, be ead SUPPLEMENT. Polypodium trichomanoides, Sw. pectinatum, L. plebeium, Schlecht. cheilosticton, Fée. incanum, Sw. p—- thyssanolepis, A. Br. / af a Le V squamatum, L. t piloselloides, LZ. LL glaucophyllum, Kunze; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 340.—West Indies and Colombia to Ecuador; also W. Africa. | Vv loriceum, L. catherine, LZ. & F.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 343.—Brazil. v chnoodes, Spreng. Vv neriifolium, Schk. angustifolium, Sw. lanceolatum, L. be crassifolium, Sw. “ percrassum, Baker, n. sp., in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 26. | aspidiolepis, Baker, n. sp., in Journ. Bot. 1887, p. 26. Gymnogramme ferruginea, Kunze. v trifoliata, Desv. v Vittaria lineata, Sw. Antrophyum ensiforme, Hook. k Acrostichum flaccidum, Fée; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. p. 401.—Colombia to Brazil. —— lingua, Raddi; Hook. et Bak. Syn. _ Fil. p. 402.—West Indies to Brazil and Peru. /’ —— hybridum, Bory. spathulatum, Bory. vicosum, Sw. bellermannianum, Klotzsch. / Marattia laxa, Kunze. Danza moritziana, Pres. uw APPENDIX. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. Now that the laborious Enumeration has been brought to an end, we have to enter upon the more congenial portion of our task relating to the distribution of the plants. This might be approached from a variety of aspects, and it might be extended almost indefinitely, especially in the examination and discussion of the various theories put forward by different writers; but, as it is the intention of the Editors to publish an Introductory Volume at the conclusion of the much more extensive zoological portion of the work, embracing the whole subject, we shall confine ourselves almost exclusively to an exposition of the facts. For the same reason the physical geography and climatology will only be dealt with in a very general way, and the geology will not be touched. But while these subjects have been either altogether neglected or very briefly treated, the distribution of the plants has been almost exhaustively tabulated and analyzed. In the tedious process of compiling the tables and collecting the materials for the various sections of this Appendix, the writer has been very ably assisted by Miss Matilda Smith. The figures have almost invariably been obtained by one and checked by the other, and thereby it is hoped that serious errors have altogether been avoided. It is important to note that the geographical tables were not literally compiled from the Enumeration, otherwise persons using the work would find themselves confronted with numerous unaccountable discrepancies; but the nature and extent of the eliminations and modifications made are explained in the paragraph preceding the first of the tables. As each section of the present’ Appendix contains all that seems necessary to make it intelligible in itself, it is unnecessary to enter into further particulars here, especially as the object and scope of the work are set forth in the Preface to the first volume, and the contents of the present volume are fully summarized at the beginning. A SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF THE BOTANICAL EXPLORATION OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. ‘THIs must necessarily be brief and imperfect; but the subject could not properly be omitted altogether. Francisco Hernandez, physician to Philip II. of Spain, was the first European who investigated the flora of Mexico, though from a medicinal rather 118 APPENDIX. than a botanical standpoint *. He spent six years in Mexico, chiefly in the State of Mexico, from 1571 to 15777, and must have worked most assiduously; but the greater part of the fruit of his labours was destroyed in the great fire at the Escurial in 1671. Fortunately, however, his manuscripts relating to plants and animals escaped, and were published, or some portion of them, in 1615 {. We have not seen this work, of which, according to Pritzel §, there is a copy in the Imperial Library at Vienna ; but of the much fuller and more interesting ‘Rerum Medicarum Nove Hispanie’ |, published in 1651, there is an excellent copy at Kew. This is a folio book of about a thousand pages, containing numerous woodcut illustrations of plants and animals, chiefly of the former, and mostly recognizable, and some very good. Conspicuous among the flowers in the ornamental head- and tail-pieces are Tigridia, Cheirostemon, and the famous “Flos Lyncei,” probably Stanhopea tigrina. These singular forms must have greatly excited the curiosity of those interested in flowers, long before any attempt was made to introduce living plants of them into European gardens. Many years after the publication of the work described, five manuscript volumes of Hernandez’s works, containing many corrections in the handwriting of Hernandez himself, were found in the library of San Isidro, Madrid, and those relating to botany were published under the superintendence of Gomez Ortega in 17904. As this work is not illus- trated it is less intelligible than the ‘Rerum Medicarum.’ Proceeding with this history in chronological sequence, or as nearly so as our data will permit, Dr. William Houston, F.R.S., appears to be the next person deserving notice here on account of his connexion with Mexican botany. He studied during two years at Leyden, under Boerhaave **, from whom, probably, he imbibed a taste for botanical pursuits; and on going to the West Indies in 1729, and later to Mexico, he sent seeds of numerous plants to Philip Miller, the “ Hortulanorum Princeps” of his time, and Superintendent of the Apothecaries’ Garden at Chelsea, where he raised and cultivated many of the plants thus introduced. Houston’s name is frequently mentioned in Miller’s incomparable ‘Gardener’s Dictionary’ as the collector of plants * Colmeiro, M., ‘La Boténica y los Botdnicos de la Peninsula Hispano-Lusitana,’ 1858 : an admirable work, to which we are indebted for most of the particulars in this Sketch concerning Spanish botanists and collectors. T Laségue, A., ‘ Musée Botanique de Delessert,’ 1845, gives the period as from 1593 to 1600. From this work also we have gleaned much information ; and in all cases where we cite Laségue as our authority it is in connexion with this book. + Quatro libros de la Naturaleza y virtudes de las Plantas y Animales, que estén recevidos en el uso de Medecina en la Nueva-Espafia, publicado en Méjico por Ximenez en el afio 1615. § Thesaurus Literature Botanice omnium Gentium. || Hernandez, F., Rerum Medicarum Nove Hispanie Thesaurus, seu Plantarum, Animalium, et Mineralium Mexicanorum Historia....a Nardo Antonio Reccho collecta ac in ordinem digesta. Roma, 1651. “| Historia Plantarum Nove Hispanic. ** Pulteney, ‘Sketches of the Progress of Botany,’ ii. p. 231. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 119 therein described; but more conspicuous evidence of his activity exists in John Martyn’s ‘Historia Plantarum Rariorum’ (1728-1732), “the most sumptuous and magnificent work of the kind that had ever been attempted in England.” In this work are coloured engravings of the genera Gronovia, Milleria, Martynia, and Turnera, various species of Passiflora and other plants, introduced, as we are informed, by Houston. This was just before the publication of Linneus’s binominal nomenclature ; but the Linnean names were subsequently added on a flyleaf at the beginning of the volume. During his short sojourn in the West Indies, from 1728 to 1733, when he died a victim to the climate, Houston drew up a catalogue of the plants he had collected, wrote a treatise on contrayerva, jalap, and other Mexican medicinal plants, and engraved with his own hand analyses of the flowers and fruits of various new genera, after the manner of Plumier *. These engravings passed into the possession of Miller, who sent copies of them to Linneus; and later, after Miller’s decease, they were purchased by Sir Joseph Banks, and published by him in 1781 under the title ‘Reliquiee Houstoniane.’ They mostly represent Mexican plants, and they bear the names given to them by Linneus. MHouston’s dried specimens are in the British Museum. In continuing this sketch, it will save space and unnecessary repetition of various particulars if some of the minor collectors are mentioned under those of the first rank of about the same period ; hence that course will be adopted, where practicable. Iwis Née—A Frenchman, naturalized in Spain, and one of the botanists who accompanied Malaspina on his voyage round the world. He was a most indefatigable collector, and was endowed with considerable scientific ability. On the authority of Colmeiro, Née was the first to make the interesting discovery of the existence of Rhodo- dendron ponticum in the Iberian peninsula. Malaspina’s voyage was made during the years 1789 to 1794, and when Née landed at Cadiz he had made a collection of dried plants estimated at 10,000 species, including 4000 new to science. Like many other fine collections made by Spanish naturalists, it has been permitted to lie at Madrid unused. ‘There were also upwards of three hundred drawings by various artists. Thaddeus Henke, a Bohemian by birth, was also to have accompanied Malaspina ; but he arrived at Cadiz twenty-four hours after the ship had sailed. He followed in another ship, hoping to find Malaspina at Monte Video or Buenos Ayres, failing which he traversed the American continent to Chili, where he fell in with Née, and the two subsequently botanized together in various parts of the world, including Mexico tf. * Rees’ Cyclopedia. + Presl, ‘ Reliquie Hankeane,’ i. Pref. p. xi, has the following note with reference to the Mexican journey:— “‘Mense Novembri profectus est Thaddeus Henke solus ad urbem capitalem Mexico, et Decembri reversus est ad Acapulco. Fructus hujus itineris consistit quinque fasciculis quibus verba: Iter Mexicanum et Plante Mesxicane inscripta sunt.” 120 APPENDIX. They travelled from Acapulco to the city of Mexico, though it would appear that they did not diverge much from the beaten tracks. Hznke’s plants are in the Prague, Vienna, and other continental herbaria. Presl elaborated these collections in two illus- trated volumes entitled ‘ Reliquie Henkeane.’ Some of the types are in the British Museum, and a few, chiefly Cyperacew, at Kew; the latter formed part of Bishop Goodenough’s herbarium, recently presented to Kew by the Corporation of Carlisle. Martin Sessé.—A Doctor of Medicine and a botanist, who was made leader of an expedition for the scientific exploration of New Spain, sent out in 1795 by Charles IV. of Spain. José Mariano Mocifio and Vicente Cervantes were associated with him in this work. The latter afterwards became Professor of Botany at Mexico city, where he died in 1829 at the age of seventy years *. He was the first who publicly lectured on botany in Mexico ; and he appears to have kept up a correspondence with European botanists, among whom was Lambert; for we find that several Mexican plants were raised in Lambert’s garden from seeds sent by Cervantes—occa latifolia (Lagascea) in Sweet’s ‘ British Flower Garden,’ series 1, plate 215, for example. Sessé and Mocifio spent eight years, from 1795 to 1804, in the botanical exploration of Mexico and the adjoining countries, from Punta Arenas in Costa Rica to the mouth of the river Hiaqui or Yaqui in north-western Mexico; afterwards visiting California and the West Indies. This expedition seems to have: been conducted with great skill, industry, and devotion ; yet to this day the results have not been published, except a few frag- ments, and these by foreigners. The fruit of these journeyings, Colmeiro states, was a considerable herbarium, which reached the Madrid botanic garden in 1820, and was incorporated in the general collection. “ There was also a fine set of about 1400 coloured drawings of Mexican plants, executed by Atanasio Echevarria, a Mexican, and Juan de Dios Cerda, both clever artists whose names are commemorated in the genera Hcheveria (now a section of Cotyledon) and Cerdia, a singular genus of the Caryophyllaceze recently rediscovered by Parry and Palmer in San Luis Potosi.!! By some means a small portion of Mocifio and Sessé’s herbarium came into Lambert’s possession, and at his death it was purchased for Delessert. During the time these plants were in Lambert’s possession David Don described a number of them, including the genus Cowania and various Composite}. It is conjectured, too, that the large number of Mexican plants in Pavon’s collections at Kew and the British Museum formed part of Mocifio and Sessé’s herbarium {. This is very probable, as Pavon himself was never in Mexico, and there is evidence of his having dealt freely in the sale of dried plants.!’Through Mocifio, the collection of drawings alluded to, and various manuscripts, passed into the hands of the elder DeCandolle for publication, * < Flora,’ 1830, p. 693. T Transactions of the Linnean Society, xiv. p. 573, and xvi. p. 169. £ Laségue, ‘Musée Delessert,’ p. 322. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. . 121 and 271 species, including seventeen new genera, were founded on the drawings alone. Shortly before his death, and somewhat unexpectedly and peremptorily, Mocifio requested that the drawings should be returned to him. How the whole of them were copied, with the assistance of about a hundred ladies, in ten days, is a matter of history. Since then, through the generous consideration of Mr. Alphonse DeCandolle, the principal botanical establishments have acquired tracings of all the drawings on which published species had been founded, except a few which had previously been engraved for some of the ‘Mémoires’ of A. P. DeCandolle. A copy in the Kew Library has been of the greatest service in determining many doubtful species. }) In the Kew herbarium is a small collection of Mexican plants presented to the late Sir William Hooker by a person named Tate, probably Mr. Tate, a nurseryman of Sloane Street, London, who, early in the present century, was an enterprising cultivator of Mexican plants obtained through various channels. It is probable that the dried plants in question were received from Mocifio; we say probable, because they corre- spond to plants described by DeCandolle from Mairet’s herbarium, concerning which we believe it is somewhere recorded, though we cannot recollect where, that Mairet came into possession of some of Mocifio’s dried plants. The Kew specimens in question are accompanied by labels bearing the same manuscript names cited by DeCandolle from Mairet’s herbarium, though not the same numbers. Senecio vernus, De C., is an example, the manuscript name being Cimeraria vernix, which was probably converted into vernus by a slip of the pen, especially as the latter name has no particular appli- cation to the plant, and the former has. Alexander Humboldt and Aimé Bonpiand.—The great scientific expedition led by the master mind of his time is too well known to need much more than passing reference here. It was entered upon in 1799 and terminated in 1804—the materials amassed being sufficient to occupy a long and active life, to say nothing of the labours of others. In several branches of inquiry we are still no further advanced than he was, though his Mexican botanical collections were comparatively small, amounting, according to Kotschy *, to 956 species belonging to 380 genera. ‘These, as we learn from the authors themselves f, were collected within a period of ten months, and in parts of Mexico lying between the seventeenth and twenty-first parallels of latitude. The routes and regions are, briefly :—1. Western slopes of the Mexican Andes, from the shores of the Pacific Ocean to Lake Tezcuco; 2. Elevated Plains of Mexico, temperate and frigid regions, from the valley of Mexico by Anahuac, El Baxio, and Michoacan to the mines of Guadalajara; 3. Eastern slopes of the Mexican Andes, from Perote to the Atlantic Ocean. A fuller explanation will be found in the work * “ Ueberblick der Vegetation Mexicos” (Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien. viii. 1852). tT Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, vii. p. 433. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. r 122 APPENDIX. cited, together with the various excursions made from the main routes, and the names and altitudes of all the principal localities, temperatures, &c. Bonpland was the actual collector of the plants. He was born in 1773 at La Rochelle, where his father practised as a doctor *. The son was educated for the same profession, and on going to Paris to complete his studies he there became acquainted with Alex. v. Humboldt in 1798. Subsequently they undertook their famous expe- dition to America, which is described by Humboldt under the title ‘A Journey to the Equinoctial Regions of the New World.’ Bonpland collected more than 6000 species of plants during the expedition, which he afterwards presented to the Museum at Paris. Napoleon, in gratitude, awarded him a pension, and he was made Steward to the Empress Josephine at Malmaison.. In 1816 he decided to settle in America, and went to Buenos Ayres, where he was made Professor of Natural History. After some time he resolved to undertake a journey over the Pampas, to Santa Fé, Gran Chaco, and Bolivia, for the purpose of further exploring the Andes; but he was stopped by Dr. Francia, then Dictator of Paraguay, and kept a prisoner at Santa Maria for more than nine years, till 1831. On his release he settled at San Borja in Corrientes, and devoted himself to cultivating his estates and to making short excursions from time to time into La Plata &c. for natural-history purposes. In 1849 he received the Cross of the Legion of Honour, was made Head Director of the Natural-History Museum of Corrientes, and died at San Borja in 1858, leaving his collections, books, and manuscripts to the French Marine Ministry. An interval of twenty years elapsed between the visit of Humboldt and Bonpland — and the next Europeans on our list who visited Mexico for the express purpose of investigating its natural history. In point of date, however, a native of Mexico occupies the next place. Juan Lexarza, a native of Valladolid, in Michoacan, Mexico, was born in 1785, and after he had grown up he became acquainted with Pablo La Llave, a Spanish priest, distinguished for his knowledge of botany, who gave him his first instructions in this science. In 1824-25 they published conjointly a number of new genera of Mexican plants, mostly named after eminent contemporaries, and a number of orchids, chiefly natives of the State of Michoacan; Lexarza being the principal author, and the sole author of a new classification of orchids, based upon their seeds and pollen. This is reproduced in the ‘ Bonplandia’ for 1856, p. 26. Lexarza gave promise of making an accomplished botanist, but he attempted too much and was cut off young. Several of his orchids have not been identified in consequence of the descriptions being imperfect. David Don mentions having received a small collection of dried plants from Don Pablo La Llave, by which he became acquainted with the genera of Com- * Bonplandia, 1854, p. 259. t Transactions of the Linnean Society, xvi. p. 170. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 123 posite described in the ‘ Descriptiones Novorum Vegetabilium.’ -These plants formed a part of Lambert’s herbarium, which was subsequently dispersed in small lots; some having been purchased for continental museums. | In 1825 a new period of activity set in, and continued almost unbroken for many years; but few of the numerous travellers had received a scientific training, hence the botanical results were by no means so satisfactory as they might have been. Indeed, the principal object of many of these travellers was the introduction of living plants into European gardens. Carl Sartorius left Darmstadt in 1825 or 1826 on account of political disturbances, and took refuge in Mexico, where in 1830 he bought some land at Mirador, at the foot of the Orizaba mountain-chain, and devoted himself to its cultivation. He made large collections of plants at every opportunity, and on his death in 1872, on his Hacienda at Mirador, he left his herbarium to the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. He was soon followed by several others. Here and there we find a plant in the Kew Herbarium collected by Sartorius, and acquired in exchange from Berlin. Withelm Friedrich von Karwinski, a Bavarian naturalist, who had already travelled in Brazil, was sent to Mexico in 1826 by the German-American Mining Society of Dusseldorf and the Bavarian Government, to make collections of objects of Natural History. He remained five years, chiefly in the province of Oaxaca, and sent home great numbers of living plants (especially Cactaceze and Agaves) from there and from Ismiquilpan, Zimapan, &c. In 1840 he again visited Mexico for the Russian Govern- ment with the same object, returning to Munich in 1843, while his collections were sent to St. Petersburg. Jean Luis Berlandier, a native of Ghent, proceeded to Mexico about the same date as the last-named traveller, and made considerable collections in the North-eastern States of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Nuevo Leon, and Coahuila, between 1827 and and 1830; but his largest collections were made at a later date in Texas. He died at Matamoros in 1851. There is a set of his plants in the Kew Herbarium, but from the vagaries in the numbering it is impossible to judge whether it is complete or otherwise. Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede, a Doctor of Medicine, was accompanied by Ferdinand Deppe in an expedition to Mexico in 1828, the latter having previously visited the country alone. Starting from Vera Cruz they explored all the neighbour- hood of Jalapa, ascended Orizaba, and in the cold season visited Papantla and Misantla, making large collections of plants &c. There is a small set of their plants in the Kew Herbarium, labelled, we believe, in Schiede’s handwriting ; but the first set is at Berlin. Schlechtendal, who, in conjunction with Chamisso, described a large number of the r2 124 APPENDIX. plants in the fifth and succeeding volumes of the ‘ Linnea,’ also possessed a good set at Halle. Schiede himself contributed to the same serial (vols. iv. and v.) a number of interesting letters on the general aspects of the vegetation of the parts visited. Hegewisch and Muehlenpfordt, two Germans, collected at about the same time, and. some of their plants were described by Chamisso and Schlechtendal with Schiede and Deppe’s. Dr. Schiede settled in Mexico, where he practised medicine up till his death from typhus in 1836. The Voyage of H.M.S8. * Blossom. —This expedition, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey, touched at San Blas in December 1827, and remained until the following February ; and Mr. Lay, the naturalist, spent a long time at Tepic, about fifty-four miles inland, where he made a collection of dried plants, containing most of the new species described by Hooker and Arnott in their ‘Botany’ of the voyage, throughout which Jalisco is misprinted Talisco. Later they proceeded to Mazatlan and Acapulco, where, however, they staid only a very short time. Mr. Collie and other officers of the ship assisted in collecting, and in our Enumeration sometimes the names Lay and Collie are coupled ; but more frequently the plants of this expedition are assigned to Beechey, in consequence of their having been so labelled in the Hookerian herbarium. The Kew set is not quite complete. George Ure Skinner—This gentleman first went to Guatemala in 1831, and he speedily gave a new zest and impetus to the cultivation of orchids in England by the. introduction of living plants of a large number of very showy kinds. He was the second son of the Very Rev. John Skinner, Dean of Dunkeld and Dunblane, and was born in 1804*. Skinner’s energies, outside of his business, were mainly devoted to orchids, especially to the exportation of living plants to England, but he did not neglect other subjects, having been the first to send many of the peculiar Guatemalan birds to this country. He also greatly aided naturalists who visited Guatemala during his long, though often interrupted, residence in the country. There is a small general collection of dried plants collected by him in the Kew Herbarium ; it is probable, however, that this is not the first set, which may be in the Lindley herbarium at Cambridge ; still, he concerned himself more with living than dried plants. It is estimated that he intro- duced living plants of nearly one hundred species of orchids—a great achievement in those early days of plant-importation. A large proportion of them was previously unknown to science. It would be out of place to enumerate here the many gorgeous species Skinner discovered, but it may be mentioned that he was the first to introduce a living plant of an Odontoglossum into England. In 1866 he decided to retire from business, and started for Guatemala, with the intention of winding up his affairs, But at Panama, on his outward journey, he was smitten with yellow fever and died. . * Gardener’s Chronicle, 1867, p. 180. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 125 Had he been spared to carry out his plan of settling down in England he would have crossed the Atlantic forty times! Many of Skinner’s discoveries adorn Bateman’s gigantic book on the orchids of Mexico and Guatemala. Thomas Coulter—Dr. Coulter collected in California from 1831 to 1833, and then in Sonora, and was the first from whom we have specimens of the botany of North-western Mexico. He also collected largely in Zimapan and Real del Monte, where he was Surgeon to one of the Mining Companies; but this appears td have been previous to his visit to California. His collection went to Trinity College, Dublin, where Coulter preceded Dr. Harvey as Curator of the herbarium. After Coulter’s death in 1843, Harvey distributed the duplicates of the collections, and the first set is at Kew. G. Andriewe.—An excellent collector of Mexican plants, concerning whom we have been able to find no particulars beyond the fact that he sent dried plants, collected in the States of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Mexico, to Delessert before 1835. The Hookerian herbarium contained a set of Andrieux’s plants; but Gay’s herbarium, purchased by Sir Joseph Hooker, included a much fuller set, inscribed “Dedit Andrieux, 1834.” The plants appear to have been very carefully sorted and numbered, hence it was not difficult to determine those that had been described by DeCandolle and others. Henri Galeotti ; August Ghiesbreght ; Jurgensen ; Jean Jules Linden; Nicolas Funch. —From 1835 to 1840 Mexico was the scene of great activity among botanical and horticultural collectors. The names we have grouped here belong to Belgians, or to collectors sent out under Belgian auspices; and they collected more or less in company during some portion of their sojourn in Mexico. Galeotti was a native of Versailles, where he was born in 1814; and in 1835 he left Hamburg for Mexico under the patronage of a Mr. Vandermalen. He spent five years there, collecting chiefly in the States of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Oaxaca ; and his collection of dried plants was estimated at 7000 to 8000 species *. With the assistance of various botanists, chiefly of Martens of Louvain, a large portion of the collection was elaborated, though not in all cases very critically. Starting from Vera Cruz, Galeotti first visited Jalapa, and during a stay of six months was able to collect many living plants, especially orchids. He next explored the plains of Perote to Puebla as far as the base of the volcanic chain of Iztacihuatl ; he also botanized in the plain of Mexico three several times, ahd in 1836, accompanied by Mr. Ch. Ehrenberg, of Berlin, travelled for two or three months among the mountains of Real del Monte. Later he visited the Western Cordillera of Mexico, Guadalaxara, and Lake Chapala, and made a rapid journey to San Blas on the shores of the Pacific. In 1837 he went to Guanajuato and the Volcan de Popocatepetl, bringing thence a collection of plants from the highest limits of vegetation. He also ascended to the * Botanische Zeitung, 1858, p. 119. 126 APPENDIX. summit of Campanario, Nevada of Toledo, 15,000 feet altitude, and explored Michoacan, Jesus del Monte, Santa Maria, Patzcuaro, Jorullo, and Uruapan, as far as Guadalaxara. In December of the same year he went north to San Luis Potosi, and on his return | visited Mirador and Zacuapan. Accompanied by his friends Funck, Ghiesbreght, and Linden, he next ascended the peak of Orizaba, living for eleven days in a cavern, situated at about 11,000 feet, whence they collected between three and four hundred species of plants at elevations between 9000 and 12,000 feet. In 1839 he went to Tehuacan, Oaxaca, the Cerro de San Felipe, &c., in the Eastern Cordillera of Oaxaca and Chinantla, and on his return explored the Misteca Alta, Pefioles, laltepec, &c., leaving Mexico in 1840; and on his return he was rewarded for his services to science by being made a member of the Académie Royale of Brussels. Jurgensen collected for Galeotti after the latter returned to Brussels and established himself as a nurseryman. Nearly the whole of his plants in the Kew Herbarium are uniformly labelled “ 'Talea, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco,” &c. Ghiesbreght travelled with Linden and Funck in Mexico from 1837 to 1839, when he came home, returning alone to Mexico in 1840 for the purpose of more thoroughly exploring the country. He visited both the southern and northern States; crossed the great chain of the Cordilleras from ocean to ocean three times; traversed the vast plateaus, and ascended the volcanos of Colima, Jorullo, and Sempoaltepec. Ghiesbreght subsequently made considerable collections | in Chiapas. Linden first went to Yucatan, and thence to the States of Chiapas and Tabasco; visiting and exploring the districts of Ciudad Real, Cacaté, San Bartolo Jitotoli, Santiago de Tabasco, Teapa, Puyapatengo, &c., where he formed by far the largest collections we have seen from those parts of Mexico. Linden afterwards became the possessor of the famous nurseries at Ghent previously held by Verschaffelt, and is, we believe, the only survivor of that band of collectors, to say nothing of numerous others of later date, who so largely added to our knowledge of the botany of Mexico. As our Enumeration testifies, Kew possesses very full sets of all except Funck’s collections. About the year 1836 Don Joaquin Velasquez, who was attached to the Mexican Legation at Rome, came to Europe, bringing with him seeds and dried specimens of various Guatemalan plants, which formed the basis of Bertoloni’s ‘ Florula Guatemalensis.’ Theodor Hartweg; G. J. Graham.—Hartweg collected in Mexico during the same period as Galeotti and his companions, having been sent out by the Horticultural Society of London in 1836, though it does not appear that he fell in with them. The principal object of his journey was to collect and transmit living specimens or seeds of ornamental plants and trees ; but he also made large collections of dried plants, the numerous novelties of which were published by the late Mr. George Bentham between 1839 and 1842, under the title of ‘Plante Hartwegiane.’ Hartweg landed at Vera Cruz HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 127 in 1836, and proceeded thence to Santa Fé and Zacuapan, which is situated at an elevation of about 3000 feet, and, where, he states *, he encountered the richest vege- tation he ever saw in Mexico. His sketch of the flora of the various regions he passed through agrees in its main features with that of Richard and Galeotti, which we else- where reproduce in a condensed form, varying only in its details, and being altogether very interesting reading. Hartweg’s destination was Guanajuato, whither he journeyed by way of Jalapa and Mexico. His first excursion was to El Gigante, the highest point in the mountains of Guanajuato, where the vegetation is of a cold temperate type, such genera as Garrya, Arctostaphylos, Berberis, Ribes, Arbutus, and Quercus abounding, but Pinus was nowhere to be found. The next places visited were Leon and Lagos in Guadalajara, where the country was parched and barren at that season, June and J uly , accordingly Hartweg proceeded northward to Aguas Calientes, and thence westward to Bolafios, where the vegetation is quite of the North-Mexican character; Bromeliacee, Cactacese, various species of Agave and kindred plants predominate, and above them Oaks and Pines, Arbutus, &c. Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Los Gallitos, were next successively visited, and the first place a second time; whence the journey was continued to Guadalajara and back to Bolafios. This region proving almost fruitless for his purposes, Hartweg went direct to Morelia, the capital of Michoacan, a country of epiphytes and showy herbaceous plants. After two months’ stay in this interesting country Hartweg went to Anganguia, Real del Monte, the Barranca Grande of Mextitlan, from its chalky soil “a favourite haunt for Cactacee,” Cereus senilis attaining a height of twenty-four feet, and northward to the barren pine-hills of Zimapan. It was now the beginning of 1839, and he received instructions to go on to Guatemala. To this end he went to Mexico, and there made the necessary arrangements for an overland journey thither, travelling by way of Oaxaca, Las Cruces, Llano Verde, Comaltepec, Totontepec, and returning to Oaxaca, whence an excursion was made to Chinantla; subsequently journeying direct to Guatemala through Comitan, Huehuetenango, Que- zaltenango, Retalhuleu, Totonicapam, and Mixco to the city of Guatemala. Hartweg here met with Skinner, who accompanied him on several of his excursions in search of orchids. The Volcan de Agua was climbed, and a considerable number of plants collected ; but it was reserved for Salvin and Godman to more fully explore this peak botanically, as well as the neighbouring Volcan de Fuego. After making a few other short excursions in Guatemala, Hartweg proceeded beyond our limits to the equatorial Andes. In connexion with Hartweg’s collections it should be mentioned that in the earlier part of our Enumeration some of the species are recorded from two places, owing to their having been incorrectly localized in the Hookerian herbarium. The first and Hest set at Kew formed part of the Benthamian herbarium, and the localities given these may be taken as correct. Respecting the Mexican plants attributed to : * Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, 2nd series, iii. p. 115. 128 APPENDIX. . Graham, Bentham has the following note * :—‘* To these plants [%. e. Hartweg’s] I have occasionally added notes on another most valuable set of above 400 bé&utifully dried Mexican species gathered about the town of Mexico and in the mining districts of Tlalpuxahua and Real del Monte, and presented to me some years since by G. J. Graham, a gentleman whose name must be well known to horticulturists from the number of handsome Mexican plants he was the means of introducing into this country, and whose zeal in collecting specimens, and liberality in disposing of them, equally entitle him to the gratitude of botanists.” Karl Ehrenberg.—A collector and botanist who spent ten years in Mexicof in the States of Oaxaca, Mexico, San Luis Potosi, &c., and paid special attention to’ the Cactacez, of which he introduced large numbers into European gardens. He contributed some interesting information on the local distribution of this order in the publication cited, the substance of which is reproduced in our remarks on the general distribution of the Cactacee. The exact dates of his sojourn in Mexico we have not ascertained, but he accompanied Galeotti on his excursions in the mountains of Real del Monte. | The Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Sulphur’—This expedition, accomplished during the years 1836 to 1842, was mainly for the purpose of surveying the western coast of America, the operations extending from Peru northward to Alaska, but they were chiefly confined to the Californian and Mexican region. A few of the Pacific Islands and New Guinea were also visited. It was commanded by Captain Sir Edward Belcher; and the botany of the voyage was edited by Richard Brinsley Hinds, Surgeon R.N., the botanical descrip- tions being written byG. Bentham. Collections of dried plants were made at Panama, the island of Taboga, the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, at Realejo in Nicaragua, in the Gulf of Fonseca, Honduras, and in the neighbourhood of San Blas and Tepic in the State of Jalisco, Mexico; but as the collectors nowhere penetrated far inland, the novelties from these regions were comparatively few and of an uninteresting character. Mr. Hinds and Dr. Sinclair, officers of the ship, and George Barclay, a gardener from Kew, made the collections, and the plants are in the Kew Herbarium. About this period John Parkinson, F.R.S., was British Consul-General in Mexico, and exerted himself much in the cause of botany, both in making dried collections and in sending living plants to this country. His dried plants are preserved at Kew. The sixty-sixth volume of the ‘Botanical Magazine’ (1840) was dedicated to him by Sir William J. Hooker, in recognition of his services in advancing botany and horti- culture. In 1839 Emanuel Friedrichsthal ‘performed journeys through a great part of Nicaragua and Costa Rica;”{ yet all the plants of his collecting in the Kew * Plante Hartwegiane, Preface, p. iv. t+ Linnea, xix. p. 337. + Hooker’s London Journal of Botany, v. p. 46. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 129 Herbarium are labelled Guatemala. We believe the first set of his collections is at Vienna. Friedrich Ernst Leibold undertook a journey to Mexico, Cuba, and Arkansas in 1839 *; and some of his plants were described by Reichenbach, Kunze, and Schlechtendal f. He died at Havana in 1864, when on his way for the scientific exploration of Yucatan. Frederik Michael Liebmann.—One of the most active and productive botanists who have collected in Mexico, as a reference to our Bibliography at the end will show. He was born at Elsinore in 1813, and was educated at the College there, and afterwards at Copenhagen. In 1840, with the help of a grant from the King of Denmark, he undertook a journey into Mexico to make botanical and other scientific collections, a gardener (Rathsack) being sent with him to assist him. Landing at Vera Cruz, he started with Baron Karwinsky for the interior, and visited Colipa, Misantla, and Xicaltepec, and then, separating from Karwinsky, went on to Papantla and Tuzutlan. He made Mirador his headquarters during his stay in Mexico, and undertook several expeditions from there: the first being the ascent of the peak of Orizaba with Ghies- breght and others. The results of this expedition not only added largely to Liebmann’s collection of plants, but also determined more exactly the limits of the different regions of vegetation. At the end of 1841 he made an expedition by Huatusco, Cosmomatepec, and Tomatlan to the town of Orizaba, travelling west to Aculzingo and south to Chapulco and Tehuacan de las Granadas. About this time Rathsack was sent home: with forty-four cases of living plants and seven of dried ones. From Tehuacan Liebmann visited the desolate country round Tecomavaca, Tiutitlan, Cuicatlan, and Domingilla, and from thence the oak-forests of the Cuesta de San Juan del Estado, the valley of Oaxaca, and the ruined Palace of Mitla were visited. He also ascended the celebrated Mount Sempoaltepec, the vegetation of which differs widely from that of Orizaba, and made excursions into the little-known mountainous region of Chinantla and Pelado to the silver-mines at Yavesia. He next crossed the Cordilleras to Pochutla, whence the excessive drought drove him to Guatulco. From here he travelled along the coast to Tehuantepec, thence returned to Oaxaca, and finally reached Mirador in January 1843. He returned to Copenhagen in June, bringing with him a herbarium of 40,000 plants and considerable zoological collections. He was made Professor of Botany in 1840, and Director of the Botanic Gardens in 1849. We are largely indebted to him for the information contained in the following pages. Alone and in conjunction with other botanists he published many of his plants, but, dying at the comparatively early age of forty-three, many of the natural orders were left untouched, and one of his most important works was unfinished. This was afterwards completed by * Botanische Zeitung, 1864, p. 328. + Linnea, xviii. p. 302. $ Chénes de Amérique Tropicale. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887, 8 130 APPENDIX. (Ersted ; and the foregoing particulars were extracted from a biographical sketch in the work in question. Judging from the broken set of Liebmann’s plants at Kew, it would appear that the duplicates were distributed of such orders only as had been elaborated. John Potts—This gentleman was manager of the mint at Chihuahua, and, in conjunction with his brother Frederick, who lived on the borders of the State of Sonora, he sent numerous plants, chiefly Cactaces, to Mr. F. Scheer, of Kew, between 1842 and 1850*. In 1845 Carl Heller accompanied Hartweg out, when the latter was on his journey to California, and spent three years and a half collecting in Mexico for the Horticultural Society of Vienna, and subsequently wrote an interesting and instructive narrative of his travels containing many observations on the vegetation, with a special chapter on the economic plants of Mexico {. He travelled and collected in Yucatan, Chiapas, and Tabasco; but we have seen no part of his collections. A portion was published by Peyritsch §. About the same period Dr. Alwin Aschenborn collected in Mexico, and his plants were described by Nees von Esenbach and Schauer ||, together with others collected by Ruhland and De Berghes. Anders Sandée Girsted.—For almost all that we know of the botany of Costa Rica we are indebted to this botanist, who spent three years (1846-48) exploring that country and Nicaragua, chiefly the great volcanic chain which includes the peaks of Irazu, Barba, and El Viejo. He was afterwards appointed Professor of Botany in the University of Copenhagen, succeeding Liebmann, whose great work on the oaks of tropical America he completed and edited. (irsted was a prolific writer on Natural History, but, as in the case of Liebmann, only portions of his collections have been published and the duplicates distributed; hence the almost total blanks under many natural orders observable in the general distribution-table in the next section but one of this Appendix. His sketches of the vegetation of the various peaks of Costa Rica are reproduced a few pages further on. He died in 1872, at the age of fifty-seven 4. Julius von Warscewicz.—The principal objects of Warscewicz’s extensive travels in tropical America were humming-birds and orchids, the latter chiefly in a living state; yet he also made a general collection, though we have seen none of his plants. In * Seemann, Botany of the Voyage of the ‘ Herald,’ p. 285. + Carl Heller, ‘ Reisen in Mexico,’ p. 4. + “Versuch einer systematischen Aufzihlung der in Mexico einheimischen, unter dem Volke gebriauch- lichen und cultivirten Nutzpflanzen,” op. cit. pp. 8395-482. § “ Beitrige zur Flora Mexicos,” Linnea, xxx. pp. 1-82. || Linnea, xix. p. 681, and xx. p. 697. 4] “A Biographical Sketch of the late Professor CErsted,” by R. Brown (Transactions of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, xi. 1872-73). HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 131 1846 he first went to Guatemala, and thence to Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Veraguas, and Panama, and on this journey made the acquaintance of Skinner and Cirsted, from whom he received valuable aid. He discovered many new orchids, especially of the showier class, and they are included in our Enumeration. For further particulars we must refer the reader elsewhere *. American Collectors during the war between the United States and Mexico in 1846 to 1848.—Major Eaton and Dr. Edwards of the United States Army collected jointly in Nuevo Leon ; and Dr. Josiah Gregg, author of the ‘Commerce of the Prairies,’ more extensively in the same State, in Coahuila, and southwards to Mexico city. There are sets of these collections at Kew. But the most important of the early collections from North-eastern Mexico is that made by Dr. A. Wislizenus in 1846 and 1847, and in part elaborated by Dr.G. Engelmann f. Most of the novelties described belong to the Conifer (Pinus) and the Cactacee. Only a very small set of these plants is in the Kew Herbarium. The Botanists and Collectors of the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey.— Our esteemed acquaintance Dr. C. C. Parry, who has so recently, in conjunction with Dr. Palmer, made valuable contributions to the flora of North Mexico, was the leader of the botanical party of the Survey Commission, which commenced operations in 1849. Dr. Parry, a native of Warwickshire, England, went to the United States when quite a young man, and soon found congenial employment. Associated with him, or at least taking part in the same work in connexion with the survey, were Dr. J. M. Bigelow, Arthur Scott, George Thurber, Charles Wright {, and others. The collections made by the last-named were by far the most extensive, and were first published separately by Dr. Asa Gray, and afterwards incorporated by Dr. J. Torrey in his general report on the botany of the expedition. Dr. Parry himself contributed the “ Introduction” to Dr. Torrey’s Report, in which he deals with the physiognomies of the vegetation, the geographical distribution of the plants, and the agricultural capacities of the various districts. His observations on the physiognomical peculiarities of the vegetation of the different regions are specially interesting. The bulk of the botanical collections was made north of our boundary, though a good many incursions were made into Mexico, and perhaps more plants were found within our limits than we have been able to record as such, in consequence of the Kew set not being localized. For reasons set forth elsewhere, we have adopted the Gila and the thirty-third parallel of latitude thence to the Rio Grande as our northern boundary, mainly, however, on account of * Bonplandia, 1854, p. 95. tT Sketch of the Botany of Dr. A. Wislizenus’s Expedition from Missouri to Santa Fé, Chihuahua, Parras, Saltillo, Monterey, and Matamoros, 1848. t S. Watson, ‘ Botany of California,’ ii. Appendix, p. 556. s2 132 APPENDIX. the impossibility of deciding whether certain plants of this expedition were gathered north or south of the present boundary between the United States and Mexico. The Voyage of H.M.S. ‘Herald.’—Under the command of Captain Henry Kellett, this was accomplished during the years 1845 to 1851. Dr. Berthold Seemann, a native of Hanover *, was appointed naturalist to the expedition, on the recommendation of Sir William Hooker, in succession to Thomas Edmonston, who was killed in Ecuador by the accidental discharge of a rifle; and he joined the ship at Panama in January 1847. Seemann proved an industrious collector, a careful observer, and a fluent writer in a language that was not his own. The countries within our limits explored by him were Panama, including Veraguas, and North-western Mexico. As we reproduce his sketches of the general features of the vegetation of these regions in another place, it is unnecessary to enter into further particulars here. Suffice it to say, that he is our sole authority for Sinaloa, Durango, and other parts of North-western Mexico visited by him. After writing the botany of this expedition, Seemann proceeded, in 1860, on a mission of botanical exploration to the Fiji Islands, the results of which he likewise published, though at considerable loss to himself. Subsequently he visited Panama and Nicaragua several times in connexion with various commercial enterprises, and although very fully occupied with business, he contrived to work a little at botany, hoping to return to scientific research at a future period; but he fell a victim to fever in Nicaragua in October 1871 at the age of forty-six. The first set of the Panama and Mexican collections is at Kew, where Seemann, assisted by Sir J oseph Hooker and Mr. A. A. Black, then Curator of the Herbarium, elaborated his ‘Botany of the Voyage of the ‘ Herald,’” and not at the British Museum, if that is what is intended by “ study- set” in a statement published in the ‘Journal of Botany’ +, where we are somewhat severely admonished for not going there to consult this and other collections. But this matter has already been explained in our Preface. With regard to the localities cited in our Enumeration for Seemann’s plants, they are mostly taken from the labels accompanying the specimens in the Kew Herbarium, and unfortunately rarely quite accord with those given by Seemann himself in the Botany of the ‘ Herald.’ As Radlkofer has pointed out {, these discrepancies are often serious and perplexing ; and we find, in consequence, that we have omitted some species recorded from Panama in Seemann’s book and included others which appear to have been collected further south. | | Ralph Tate, now Professor of Geology at Melbourne, made a small collection of plants at Chontales, Nicaragua, at about the same date as Seemann, and perhaps in * Journal of Botany (Trimen’s), 1872, p. 1; Biography and portrait. t J. B. in ‘Journal of Botany,’ 1880, p. 90. + Monographie der Sapindaceen-Gattung Serjania, p. 55. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 133 company with him, for the numbers are often, if not always, the same in the two collec- tions. It may also be mentioned here that Hugh Cuming, the well-known and extensive collector of objects of natural history, collected in Taboga I. and in the Pearl Islands, Panama, and Montijo Bay, Chiriqui river, about 1829, and there is a set of his plants in the Kew Herbarium ; but it is impossible to distinguish in many cases which were collected within our limits, because they are labelled ‘Panama et Colombia occiden- talis” *. Placide Duchassaing de Fontbressin, born at Guadalupe in the West Indies f, collected at Panama about 1850, and the novelties were described by Walpers and Grisebach {, but we have seen none of his plants. Thomas Briggs, a son-in-law of Hugh Cuming, visited Veraguas and Costa Rica in 1856, and there are a few plants in the Kew Herbarium collected by him in the former country. Dr. J. F. Billberg collected at Portobello in 1826; and P. J. Beurling published an Enumeration of the plants). Many are described as new; but those investigated (the Melastomacee, for example, by Dr. J. Triana) prove to belong, almost all of them, to previously described — species. Mateo Botteri—A Dalmatian by birth, who was originally sent to Mexico by the Horticultural Society of London || about the year 1850; but the Society’s resources failing, he collected on his own account and disposed of his collections through Stevens in London. His collections of plants were very fine and extensive, and there is a full set in the Kew Herbarium, chiefly from the neighbourhood of Orizaba, where he soon settled, and where he died a year or two ago. A small collection of Mexican plants from Professor Sumichrast, of Tehuantepec, presented to Kew by Mr. A. DeCandolle in 1877, bear the same numbers for the same species as Botteri’s. Auguste Fendler began his career as a collector in New Mexico in 1846, and subsequently collected in Venezuela, Panama, N icaragua, and Trinidad, where he died in 18834]. His Panama collection is dated 1850, and there is a good set at Kew. The Nicaraguan collection was a small one, made near Greytown; it is mentioned some- where in the writings of the late Professor Grisebach, but we do not remember where. Fendler was an excellent collector. In the Kew Herbarium is a small number of plants labelled “Panama, Dr. Halsted, 1850.” There was, as we have been informed by Dr. Asa Gray, a Dr. Halsted who was a surgeon in the United States Army, and who botanized a little in North Mexico, though Dr. Gray doubted his having been in * Journal of Botany, 1865, p. 325. + Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, xx. p. 275. ¥ Flora, 1853, p. 226, and Bonplandia, 1858, p. 2. § Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 1854, pp. 107-148, || Bonplandia, 1857, p. 72. 4] The Gardeners’ Chronicle, n. s. xxii. p. 91. 134 | APPENDIX. Panama; but Mr. Salvin tells me that Dr. M. B. Halsted had charge of the foreign hospital at Panama probably during the construction of the Railway, and that he met Dr. Halsted, he believes, in 1859, in Guatemala, where he resided at Antigua, and where he died shortly after. William Lobb, collector for Messrs. Veitch of Chelsea, spent some months in the neighbourhood of Panama and Chagres in 1843, but he appears to have dried very few plants. E. P. Johnson.—A. small collection of plants made in Yucatan and Tabasco by the Honourable E. P. Johnson was presented to Kew by Dr. Torrey in 1850, and merits notice here on account of the little we know of the botany of this part. Frederick Mueller.—An Alsatian who went to Mexico in 1853, at the cost of Mr. Schlumberger of Mulhouse, and collected largely between Vera Cruz and Orizaba. It is supposed that he was murdered and concealed, as he disappeared and was never heard of afterwards. There is a good set of his plants in the Kew Herbarium. Ludwig Hahn, who lived for nearly twenty years in Mexico as a teacher of music, was a zealous collector of plants and animals, and sent numerous consignments of both to Europe and especially to the Berlin Botanic Garden. Several new species of the curious genus Wolffia (Lemnacee) are among his most remarkable discoveries. He was attached to the French Scientific Commission with Bourgeau, and died in Mexico in 1873. A small set of his plants is at Kew. Carl Hoffmann and Alexander von Frantzius—These gentlemen left Europe for Costa Ricain 1853 for the purpose of investigating the natural history and geography of the country *, where they spent several years. Dr. Hoffmann wrote several inter- esting papers on the vegetation &c. of Costa Rica, notably an account of the ascent of the Volcan de Cartago and the Volcan de Barba, references to which are given in our Bibliography. A very few of his plants are in the Kew Herbarium. Hermann Wendland, Court Gardener at Herrenhausen, Hanover, went out to Central America towards the end of 1856, and spent eight months in Costa Rica and Nicaragua, chiefly occupied in collecting living plants, among which were many new orchids f. This gentleman is one of the first recognized authorities on Palms. Wilhelm Schaffner.—A pharmaceutical chemist, native of Darmstadt, who settled in Mexico previous to 1856, in which year the late Sir William Hooker received from him the first collection of dried plantst. From time to time further contribu- * Bonplandia, 1853, p. 233. . + Botanische Zeitung, 1857, p. 278, and Reichenbach, Beitrige zu einer Orchideenkunde Central-Amerikas p. 61. + Hooker’s Kew Journal of Botany, viii. p. 283. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 135 tions were received from him, the last in 1881, through Dr. Asa Gray, from the neighbourhood of San Luis Potosi, where he resided some time before his death, which occurred two or three years ago. Schaffner was an excellent collector, second to none indeed ; moreover he was a good botanist; but in the absence of the indispen- sable literary aids he was unable to determine whether he had a novelty before him or a previously described species, hence he frequently lost the credit due to a discoverer, which was a source of grief and annoyance to him, particularly as some European botanists ignored the manuscript names he appended to plants that proved to be new. He collected very extensively in the neighbourhood of Mexico, Orizaba, and San Luis Potosi, and most of the leading herbaria in the world have been enriched. by his labours. Unfortunately each collection was separately numbered. L. C. Ervendberg made a small collection around Wartenberg, near Tantoyuca, in 1858 and 1859, and this is the subject of a special article by Dr. Asa Gray *. There is a small set at Kew. Sutton Hayes.—A native of New York, who studied medicine, and in 1858 was appointed Assistant-Surgeon to an expedition sent by the United States Government to survey a route for emigrants to the Pacific States, the result of which was the construction of a road from El Paso to Fort Yuma, which occupied two years?. During this period Mr. Hayes made good use of the botanical knowledge he acquired during a two years’ sojourn in Paris. Symptoms of pulmonary consumption having for some time declared themselves in his constitution, he visited the Isthmus of Panama for the benefit of his health. Upon his arrival there his condition was so serious that it seemed improbable that he could survive more than a few months, but the change to a warmer climate effected such an improvement that his life was prolonged for more than three years ; but he died in the summer of 1863. The tropical vegetation afforded Hayes a rich field of labour and delight, and he explored it with a zeal and perseverance habitual to him, and astonishing to those who knew the infirm state of his health. All that he did for botany was done out of pure love for the subject, and he sustained an enthusiastic interest in it until the last, through all the miseries attending a wasting and painful disease. Kew, especially, benefited by his researches, almost every mail bringing something ; and altogether he added largely to Seemann’s published enumeration of the plants of Panama, though his additions had not been recorded before they appeared in the present work. About the same period Dr. Moritz Wagner travelled and collected in Panama and Costa Rica, and he published various articles on the vegetation of these countries, extracts from which we give elsewhere. We have seen none of his plants. * Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v. p. 174. + Journal of Botany, 1863, p. 254, F fh rte Bice Lee A C Coles Jv Key we Pers fia Coord, BES try Moh “ a fs fiwws " bergen Oe ne 136 APPENDIX. Osbert Salvin and Frederick DuCane Godman.—The editors of this work visited Guatemala on several occasions between 1857 and 1874, and gave what time they could spare from their zoological pursuits to botany. They paid special attention to ferns, and made a collection of some 220 species, chiefly in the region of the Volcan de Fuego and the Volcan de Agua. This is by far the fullest set of ferns we have seen from Guatemala, and it contains a considerable number of novelties. Besides the ferns, there are two separate collections of flowering-plants in the Kew Herbarium—one, consisting of about 250 species, dated 1861, and the other, consisting of about 300 species, dated 1873-74, and ascribed to Mr. Salvin alone. These collections, although small, are specially interesting, as they are mostly from considerable elevations on the- Volcan de Fuego, and afford nearly all we know of the subalpine vegetation of Guatemala. We are further indebted to Mrs. Salvin for the coloured illustrations, which were selected from a number of admirably executed sketches painted by her in the country itself. The collectors of the French Scientific Commission to Mexico, 1865-66.—Foremost among these was E. Bourgeau, whose services to botany are familiar to every one engaged in systematic work, and-with whom was associated L. Hahn, alluded to in a preceding paragraph. Bourgeau’s Mexican collections, like all his previous ones from other parts of the world, are very extensive, and probably more nearly exhaustive of the districts traversed than those of any other collector in Mexico, as they contain the most inconspicuous as well as the showy and prominent plants. He died in 1877, while still engaged in the arrangement of his Mexican plants in the Paris Museum of Natural History *. Kew possesses a fine set of them. Independently of the two collectors named, several members of the military staff of the expedition made collections of dried plants}, notably Dr. Gouin, chief of the military hospital at Vera Cruz, a few of whose plants are at Kew. Then there were Captain Emy, Dr. Weber, Dr. Reboud, and Mr. Thomas, attached to the marching columns, whose names appear as the collectors of various plants described by Fournier. Thiebaut, a naval lieutenant, collected in the vicinity of Acapulco; Virlet d’Aoust in San Luis Potosi; and Guillemin- Tarayre, Goudet, and Franco are other names of collectors of Mexican plants received at Kew from the Paris Herbarium. There is also a small collection at Kew made by Bilimek, who went out as chief gardener to the unfortunate Emperor Maximilian. Paul Lévy, a French engineer who resided in Nicaragua for some years, collected in the neighbourhood of Segovia, Granada, &c., and wrote some interesting descriptions of the vegetation [. He specially notes, in contrast to the flora of South Mexico, the paucity of species, and the comparative rarity of Bromeliaceee, Cactacez, and epiphytal orchids. The Kew set of his plants was received in 1872. | * L’Illustration Horticole, 1877, p. 72. } Fournier in ‘ Annales des Sciences Naturelles,’ 6" série, ix. p. 262. ¢ Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Francé, xvi. pp. 275 et 420. HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION. 137 H. Polakowsky visited Costa Rica in 1875 and collected plants, of which he pub- lished a list, together with descriptions of those deemed new *. These we have not seen. He also wrote on the general features of the vegetation of the country, and on the cultivated and economic plants }. G. Bernoulli—A Swiss gentleman who took up his residence at Mazatenango, and made botanical collections, chiefly, so far as we have seen, of the tropical and subtropical elements of the flora. Among other things he discovered a remarkable genus of the Sterculiaceee, which was named after him by Professor Oliver. He also contributed a series of letters on the natural productions &c. of Guatemala to Petermann’s ‘Geographische Mittheilungen’ during the years 1868 to 1875. Since the completion of our Enumeration a further extensive collection of Bernoulli’s Guatemalan plants has been received at Kew, and a few of the more important additions to the flora are recorded in the Supplement. Bernoulli died in 1878 at San Francisco. F. Gawmer.—A. zoologist engaged collecting materials for the zoological portion of this work, who has also collected plants in Cozumel and other islands in the Bay of Honduras. These collections are of considerable interest, and they are dealt with in the Supplement. Recent collections from North Mexico.—In the Introductory Remarks to this part, we have given some particulars of the collections made in San Luis Potosi by Dr. C. C. Parry and Dr. E. Palmer. More recently Dr. Palmer and Mr. C. G. Pringle have extensively botanized the States of Chihuahua and Coahuila, and added many novelties in species and a few genera, though nothing particularly striking, besides extending the areas of many other genera and species. Pringle’s last collection reached Kew too late to be incorporated in our Supplement, but partial use has been made of it in the compilation of the tables of geographical distribution. In concluding this bare outline of the history of botanical discovery in Mexico and Central America, it should be mentioned that we have purposely omitted the names of a large number of persons whose labours in this direction have been of a very limited nature; but they appear in the Enumeration under the plants they respectively introduced alive, or of which they contributed dried specimens. * Linnea, xli. p. 545. + Petermann’s Geographische Mittheilungen, 1877, pp. 220, 294, & 346. ~~ BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., March 1887. t 138 APPENDIX. OUTLINES OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND THE PROMINENT FEATURES OF THE FLORA OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA. Unper this head it is proposed to give, approximately, the extent and some of the physical conditions of the various areas into which, for convenience, the country has been subdivided in the paragraphs of the Enumeration dealing with the distribution of each species, together with notes on the aspects and composition of the vegetation, extracted from the most trustworthy authorities; but no attempt will be made to deal with meteorological phenomena beyond the barest generalizations. It may be explained here that with the intention constantly in mind, from the commencement of this work, to collect all definite information concerning the extent of virgin vegetation, the predo- minence of certain genera and species, and such other particulars as would enable one to form something approaching an accurate idea of the physiognomies of the floras of the different latitudinal and altitudinal regions under consideration, the result is far less satisfactory than could have been anticipated. Indeed, so few facts bearing upon the subject exist in collectors’ notes on their plants that it has been thought better to quote from the writings of botanical travellers rather than attempt general descriptions or a re-casting of the materials, based upon the available data, especially as this has already been done by Grisebach, Engler, and other authors, who have followed Humboldt. Furthermore, the only boundaries possible in subdividing the whole country are political ones, in consequence of the plants of many collectors not being more particularly localized. In spite of these disadvantages, it will be apparent, we think, that by grouping some of the southern political areas, and dividing the northern one into two, fairly natural limits are obtained, affording data for sound deductions respecting the diverse elements of the flora. The whole area of land whose vegetation is here dealt with is probably less than 1,000,000 square miles, and lies between 80° and 115° west longitude (the southern part being very narrow, the northern stretching through about eighteen degrees), and 9° and 33° north latitude on the western side, and 26° on the eastern side. An immense coast-line, and a great elevation of the larger part of the country, subjected to widely different climatal influences on the eastern and western sides, are the two prominent features of the country. The southern boundary is practically the railway from Colon to Panama, though a few plants from Portobello and Las Cruces are included ; and the Rio Grande to El Paso, and thence across to the Gila and the head of the Gulf of California, the northern boundary. Lower California, however, is not included. Proceeding from north to south, the order followed throughout this work, there are nominally seven districts or divisions, namely: North Mexico, South Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador and Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama ; but, as more fully explained elsewhere, there are only three distinct floral provinces within our limits, THE FLORA OF NORTH MEXICO. 139 Norta Mexico. It is difficult to determine, even approximately, the area of Mexico; but for the purposes of geographical. botany this is of comparatively little importance, for it is notorious how large a proportion of the whole flora of a country is contained within a small space of it. North Mexico, however, is the largest of our seven divisions, having, as here limited, its southern boundary conterminous with the southern boundaries of Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi, extending altogether through about eleven degrees of latitude. Mazatlan, on the western coast, is counted to North Mexico ; and Tampico, on the eastern coast, to South Mexico. This arbitrary boundary, as the sequel will demonstrate, coincides, as nearly as any that could be proposed from the available data, with a decided change in the vegetation, the most marked feature of which is the abrupt northern limit of epiphytal phanerogamic vegetation. Indeed, excepting the littoral belt, one might say that purely tropical types do not extend into North Mexico, although a considerable portion of it is situated within the tropics; and this is not wholly due to elevation, but rather to climatal conditions. Much of the country is high tableland, yet there are no lofty peaks such as characterize South Mexico. Tula is at 4000 feet, the town of San Luis Potosi at 6170, Zacatecas at 8000, Durango at 6700, and La Cumbre, in the State of Durango, rises to a height of 10,500 feet, the highest point, we believe, in North Mexico. Every one of the States of North Mexico has been, more or less, botanically explored, and, although much remains to be done, the general character of the flora is very well known. What this is may be gathered from that which immediately follows, the geographical tables, and the para- graphs on the general distribution of the prominent and peculiar natural orders, the essence of which will be summed up and commented upon at the end of this essay. The eastern States have been more thoroughly investigated than the western, yet there is nothing published on the aspects and composition of the vegetation which merits reproducing here. Parry and Palmer and Pringle’s recent explorations have added very largely to the number of species, both new ones and others previously known only from north of the Rio Grande ; but remarkably few new generic types were discovered. Unfortunately, these gentlemen have hitherto published nothing on the aspects and composition of the vegetation. There is, however, Dr. Parry’s sketch of the more striking features of the vegetation of the country on the boundary-line between the United States and Mexico*, from which we glean the following particulars. Inci- dentally he remarks :—‘“ The observer, a little perplexed by a great variety or gradual blending of forms, involuntarily associates particular localities with the predominating and characteristic vegetable productions. Thus one who has ever traversed the desert tablelands of the Upper Rio Grande will not fail to unite in his recollection of these * Introduction to Torrey’s Botany of the Survey, forming part of Major Emory’s Report. t2 140 APPENDIX: tracts the dull foliage of the creosote-bush (Larrea mexicana), the long thorny wands of the Fouguieria, the palm-like Yucca, and the crimson-flowered and spine-armed Cereus.” | The flora of the lower maritime districts of the Rio Grande presents no feature of special interest beyond the fact that it isa mixture of tropical and subtropical forms. This is succeeded by rolling prairies underlaid by cretaceous rocks, abounding in trees, including species of oak, hickory, ash, elm, walnut, cypress, &c., with an exceedingly rich undergrowth of vines and other shrubs. The open prairies are densely covered with luxuriant grasses anda rich and varied herbaceous flora. On the southern portion of the Rio Grande, where there is a higher temperature, united with great aridity of soil, a vegetation of quite a different character appears, chiefly the dense “ chaparral,” consisting of various species of mimosa, acacia, the mesquit (Prosopis), and other shrubs, mostly armed with hooked thorns and forming an almost impenetrable jungle. Higher up, where the cretaceous rocks come more to the surface, new forms appear, peculiar to this extensive region. The shrubbery is a continuous succession of the same species, prominent among them Berberis trifoliata, Rhus microphylla, Porliera angustifolia, Diospyros texana, Koeberlinia spinosa, Adolphia infesta, Microrhamnus ericoides, and Celtis pallida*. Along the margins of the usually dry watercourses the dwarf Juglans rupestris and Fallugia paradowa are constantly found. The crevices of the rocky ledges produce various species of Laphamia and the scarlet-flowered Pent- stemon grahami. Several members of the chiefly tropical Malpighiacee are character- istic of this region, among them Galphimia linifolia, Aspicarpa hyssopifolia, and Janusia gracilis. Cactaceee are numerous, especially of the genera Opuntia, Mamillaria, and Cereus, and the curious hygrometric species of Selaginella grow on the perpendicular faces of the limestone rocks, together with ferns of the genera Cheilanthes, Pellea, an Notholena. chiefly Quercus emoryi and Pinus edulis, though in certain localities there is larger 142 APPENDIX. timber, consisting of Pinus chihuahuana and Pseudotsuga douglasiit. The smaller woody plants here include several Californian species, such as Cercocarpus parvifolius and Arctostaphylos tomentosus. The vegetation of the upper valleys of San Bernardino, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz contains a large number of endemic types associated with an intermixture of Californian and Texan species. Proceeding to the lower Santa Cruz valley and the desert of Tucson, a distinct botanical district is entered, where again plants characteristic of a dry region are met with. Here Prosopis and Larrea are con- spicuous, and Cactacee abound, and include such remarkable forms as the massive Echinocactus wislizenti and the lofty Cereus giganteus. An Agave inhabits the crevices of the neighbouring mountains, where also Franseria deltoidea, Encelia farinosa, and Perityle nuda are found. After the rains the open plains are carpeted with a profusion’ of brightly-coloured evanescent annuals, among the most conspicuous of which are Vesicaria and Eschscholtzia. The flora of the cafions of the Rio Grande differs but little from that of the mountain ravines already alluded to. On the abrupt walls, whether of limestone or of igneous rock, grow Laphamia dissecta and L. bisetosa, Perityle aglossa and P. parryi, Eucnide lobata, Cowania ericifolia, and the monotypic Emorya. In open places the charac- teristic tableland vegetation appears. The flora of the extensive basin of Presidio del Norte is more Mexican in character. Here grow Kallstremia grandiflora, Martynia violacea, M. arenaria, Talinopsis frutescens, Nicolettia edwardsit, and several species of Boerhaavia. Cereus greggit is common, and the delicious-fruited C. stramineus flourishes in its greatest perfection. Thus far a very much condensed epitome of Dr. Parry’s sketch. For a picture of western and some parts of central North Mexico we cannot do better than reproduce a portion of Seemann’s ‘Introduction to the Flora of North- western Mexico’*, and a few additional particulars will be found in the quotations from Hartweg’s narrative of his journeys in Mexico (see page 126). We give Seemann’s own words. “The district [visited by Seemann] is not defined by any political or natural limits, but by an imaginary line extending from Acapulco north-eastward to Durango, thence to Chihuahua, from that city to the mouth of the river Colorado, in the Gulf of Cali- fornia, and along the western coast of Mexico to Acapulco. Generally speaking, it may be said that a narrow strip of flat land runs along the whole coast, immediately followed by a chain of mountains which on their eastern side join the tableland of Mexico, the - plains of Anahuac. Such a district situated partly within the boundary of the tropics, partly without it, and possessing lowlands, high mountains, and elevated plains, has a great diversity of climate—is subject to great extremes of temperature. On the coast from Acapulco to Mazatlan there are the usual tropical seasons, the wet and the dry, the former commencing about the end of May and ending towards the end of August, * Botany of the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Herald,’ pp. 262-265. THE FLORA OF NORTH MEXICO. 143 or sometimes a little later; from Mazatlan northward to the river Colorado, a country situated immediately without the tropics, the equinoctial seasons are less distinctly marked, the climate partaking more of the character of that of the temperate zone, and being besides very dry. In the mountains every altitude has its own range of tempe- rature and moisture; the western declivity, however, possessing generally a higher temperature and a greater degree of moisture than the eastern. On the higher summits the rivulets are frozen during the cold season, and snow often falls. “ ‘The climate of the tableland of Durango and Chihuahua is like that of the greatest portion of the elevated plains of Mexico, dry, differing in that respect essentially from that of the higher regions of the Colombian, Ecuadorian, and Peruvian Andes, where moisture is abundant, and brooks, rivers, lagoons, and lakes promote a more luxuriant vegetation than is to be met with in Mexico at similar elevations. The extremes of heat and cold are unknown. Towards the end of February the night-frosts cease ; spring commences, poplars and willows begin to get green, peaches and apricots put forth their blossoms, but the temperature alone, though fast increasing during April and May, is not sufficient to awaken nature altogether. The fields remain dry, until towards the latter end of May, or in the beginning of June, the vivifying rains set in; in a few days every herb, every shrub, and tree has started into life, and the vegetation develops itself with great rapidity: the season answering to the North- European spring has commenced. LEarly in September the rains cease ; in October the night-frosts (which last until February) recommence, except which there are few indications of winter; snow seldom falls, and never remains long on the ground. The great aridity of the climate is best illustrated by the fact that, although the rainy season only terminates early in September, there is very little water to be met with in any part of the plains during the winter months (October until February). The periodical streams seem to disappear at the moment the rains themselves cease, and the perpetual springs, streams, and small rivers are so few in number that the traveller has very often to search for hours ere he is able to meet with water; fortunately the Mexican flora mostly has furnished a guide to places where there is always a good supply by planting on the banks of the running streams Sabino trees (Taxodium distichum), to inform the weary traveller, when he descries their high waving tops, that the object of his search is close at hand. ‘‘The immediate neighbourhood of the coast is generally lined with a dull maritime vegetation, the Mangrove tree being very frequent, and appearing from Acapulco to a little to the north of Mazatlan (lat. 24° 38’ N.), where, together with the Cocoa-nut Palm and many other forms common all along the western shores of America, from Guayaquil northwards, it reaches its extreme northern limit. Advancing a short distance inland, the aspect of the vegetation improves, trees of Crescentia alata, Hama- toxylon campechianum, Cordia gerascanthus, Ipomea arborescens, Crateva tapia, evergreen Figs, and feathery Mimose, shrubs of Bizra orellana, Malvaviscus arboreus, 144 APPENDIX. different species of Hibiscus, Triumfetta, and Poinsettia pulcherrima, a great variety of creeping and winding plants such as Clematis dioica, numerous Convolvulacex, and the splendid Antigonon leptopus, which, between Mazatlan and San Sebastian, covers almost every bush with its pink blossoms, are to be met with. “ On ascending the mountains we meet, about 1500 feet above the sea-level, the first evergreen Oaks, which soon increase in number of species as well as in that of indi- viduals, and are, at the height of about 3000 feet, joined by various Conifere and a rich mountain vegetation. It is about at this height that the traveller realizes all the ideal notions he may have conceived of fine localities and beautiful vegetation. Santa Lucia, situated on the road from Mazatlan to Durango, may serve as an appropriate illustration. Situated about 4000 feet above the sea, enjoying throughout the year a temperate climate, it lies in a romantic valley encircled by wooded mountains which admit a view of the Pacific Ocean. The houses of the Indians, scattered over an undulated surface, are surrounded by a vegetation in which the graceful forms of the tropics are harmoniously blended with those of the temperate zone. Mimosee stand in company with Oaks and Firs, hardy Umbellifere and Composite with Cupheas, Lobelias, and Lophospermums ; nearly every hedge is overgrown by a splendid Ipomea, the azure blossoms of which are from four to five inches across, and set so close together that hardly a leaf is to be seen, and the whole plant resembles a blue sheet, whence it derives its vernacular name, ‘Manto de la Virgen’ (Cloak of the Holy Virgin). “At a greater elevation the tropical forms disappear more and more before those usually termed EKuropean—Amentacee, Conifers, Ericacee, Gentianee, Rosacee, &c. Ferns, among them two familiar acquaintances from Europe, Pteris aquilina and Osmunda regalis, become more abundant, if not in species at least in individuals, especially in the ravines (barrancas), localities which in these as well as in other parts of Mexico are amongst the richest the botanist can explore. Near the Rancho of Guadalupe the author found in one of them, among many other rare plants, a Lonicera, a Hydrangea, and Chamecyparis thurifera, a noble tree, attaining — the height of 100 to 150 feet, and always growing, like the Taxodium distichum, by running streams. “The tableland is in most parts very thinly wooded. For miles and miles you behold nothing save shrubby Opuntias, intermingled with Visachas (Acacia farnesiana, Willd.), or groups of Taxate (Juniperus tetragona, Schlecht.) ; indeed, the vicinity of Durango can only boast of about seven species of indigenous trees, namely: a Willow, the Acacia just named, a Prosopis, Crataegus mexicana, Taxodium distichum, Casimiroa edulis, and a Yucca. These, together with a few shrubby Acanthacee, Composite, Scrophulariner, and Cactee, and the everywhere prevailing Agaves, are the chief representatives of the flora one meets with during the winter. Of Cactee the immediate neighbourhood offers three Opuntia, two Echinocacti, and a Mamillaria.” THE FLORA OF SOUTH MEXICO. 145 South MExIco. For reasons already explained in the sketch of North-Mexican vegetation, we can give no definite particulars of the area of South Mexico, except its geographical limits. It lies between about 16° and 23° of latitude, and 87° and 107° of longitude, yet in its widest part, about 20° lat., it extends through only eight degrees of longitude. It is reckoned that three fifths of the whole of Mexico consists of an elevated tableland, 6000 to 8000 feet above the level of the sea, from which rise numerous lofty ridges and peaks. The principal peaks or volcanoes are:—Colima, Jalisco, 12,750 feet*; Cofre de Perote, Vera Cruz, 13,420 feet; Orizaba, Vera Cruz, 17,879 feet; Popocatepetl, Mexico, 17,784 feet; Sempoaltepec, Oaxaca, 13,100 feet; and San Cristobal, Chiapas, 6500 feet. This great mountain-chain is nearly severed in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. South Mexico is by far the best explored of our botanical provinces, and parts of it at least, especially the region of Orizaba, vie in richness and variety of vegetation with the most favoured districts of Colombia. From the great differences in elevation of the various States, and the diverse climatal conditions in operation, it is obvious that only by a series of pictures could an adequate idea of the vegetation of the whole country be conveyed. ‘Thus Yucatan, from its lowness, has an almost wholly tropical, though very scanty, vegetation; and from its proximity to the West Indies there is an inter- mixture of characteristic West-[ndian types of vegetation; whilst other States exhibit every type of vegetation from tropical to alpine. Numerous sketches of the vegetation of more or less restricted areas of South Mexico are scattered through a variety of publications in various languages, references to the majority of which are given in the Bibliography at the end of this work; but few of them are sufficiently exact, or complete enough, to be used here. The best and most comprehensive is by Richard and Galeotti, the substance of which is given further on, under the head of “‘ Altitudinal Distribution of Orchids.” Liebmann’s description of the successive zones of vegetation from the coast at Vera Cruz to the summit of the peak of Orizaba f is a most interesting and instructive sketch, and we here give an abridged and condensed translation of it. The most interesting mountain in North America is the volcano of Orizaba. It. is only thirty leagues from the coast, from which the ground rises immediately though imperceptibly to its foot, giving it an appearance of even greater height than it. possesses. Its cone, crowned with eternal snow, is 17,000 feet high, and can be seen from a distance of 100 miles; it extends north and south in two huge flanks, each of which averages about 9000 feet in height. On journeying from Vera Cruz westward * These and other altitudes are mostly taken from Stieler’s Hand-Atlas. tT “* Vegetation des Piks von Orizaba,” Botanische Zeitung, 1844, pp. 668, 684, 699, 717, 734, 750, 767, 781, et 797. BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. IV., August 1887. u 146 APPENDIX. sparse, low, shrubby vegetation, entwined with numerous creepers, is encountered on the hills which lie close to the sea-coast. The grassy plains at Santa Fé, at an altitude of 200 feet, become covered, a mile further on, at Boca del Potrero, with a dense wood, which extends as far as Tolome without any rising of the ground. This wood is com- posed chiefly of Mimosa, Acacia, Bombax, Pachira, Citrus, Acrocomia, and Combretum. The ground, which has hitherto been sandy or marshy, now changes its character, and is succeeded by numerous hills formed of horizontal strata of a hardened marl mixed with sand ; over these hills are scattered great blocks of rounded black porphyritic rocks from the distant crater of Orizaba. On this fruitful but almost uncultivated land maize produces 400-fold, and the sugar-cane grows as tall as the best kind in Havana. Thick woods of Acrocomia aculeata and the Palma real (Oreodowa) &c. cover the country here. From Paso de Ovejas to Hacienda Mirador, a distance of thirteen leagues, the ground rises imperceptibly in a monotonous stony slope or grass savana, on which grow low thorny species of Mimosa, groups of the white Convolvulus arboreus, yellow Bignonia, and Cochlospermum. Atan altitude of 3000 feet six or seven species of oak are found, and six species of Chamedorea, including climbers as well as standards. Here, ina temperature of 70°, and favoured by the long rainy season of eight or nine months’ duration, the richest vegetation of Mexico exists, and orchids reach their maximum with some two hundred species, some terrestrial, but mostly epiphytal. The basaltic porphyry, which extends from this altitude (3000 feet) to the very summit of the volcano, is covered by a strata of hard red clay containing iron, which extends up to above 11,000 feet. From Mirador the country becomes more mountainous ; great ridges run north and south, intersected by deep ravines produced by earthquakes, extending west and east, and forming natural watercourses. At San Antonio, Huatusco, and San Bartolomé oaks reach their highest development, not only in the number of species (no less than twenty species being found), but also in their size, which is greater than anywhere else in America ; and one group with acorns 8 to 9 inches in circumference is limited to this district. The highest limit of coffee and cotton cultivation is reached at an altitude of between 4000 and 5000 feet; while the sugar-cane, though losing much of its strength and sweetness, is cultivated up to 5500 feet. Associated with the oaks here are. Laurinee, Myrtacee, Anacardiacex, Malpighiacex, and Anonacee, with an undergrowth of Melastomacee, tree-ferns, Citrosma, Mimosa, Acacia, Yucca, reed-like bamboos, Triumfetta, Jatropha, Croton, Magnolia, Composite, Symplocos, the red Aisculus, Aralia, &c. Liquidambar styraciflua has a very distinctly defined vertical area, lying between 3500 and 5500 feet; and Platanus mexicanus is still more limited, only growing by running water at 4500 to 5500 feet. | The town of San Juan Coscomatepec, at about 6000 feet, lies at the foot of the Cordilleras; and a league and a half further, at the town of Santa Maria Alpatlahua, the ascent of the volcano begins. This fruitful region has, for 300 years, uninterrupt- THE FLORA OF SOUTH MEXICO. 147 edly produced a rich harvest of maize ; and here, too, the juicy aromatic fruit of Anona cherimolia reaches great perfection. Sapindacee are only represented by Lacepedea pinnata. ‘The climate also suits such fruit-trees as the apple, pear, peach, apricot, pomegranate, granadilla, citron, and orange. A Juglans grows wild in the ravines near Coscomatepec, and has also been planted in the town itself. Yucca gloriosa, Crategus pubescens, Sambucus bipinnata, Clethra tinifolia, Persea gratissima, and a species of Cornus occur most frequently; and Convolvuli, brambles, and wild vines take the place occupied by Smilax, Cissus, Paullinia, Serjania, Cucurbitacee, Apocynacee, Asclepiadee, Passifloree, Bignoniacee, and Leguminose Scandentes in more tropical regions. | On the eastern slopes of the Cordilleras of Mexico palms reach an altitude of 5000 feet; on the highlands of the interior the genera Corypha and Chamerops* extend to 8000 feet, while splendid [cultivated] date-palms grow round Tehuacan de las Granadas at 5500 feet, and in the valley of Mexico at 7700 feet. Even the cocoa-nut palm, usually regarded as littoral, succeeds so well on the Hacienda Cocoyota, in the plain of Amilpas, at 3000 feet, that its fruit is considered the best in the market. The vertical limits of tree-ferns are approximately from 2500 to 5000 feet, while figs predominate and grow toa colossal size in the tropical woods of the coast. The numerous arboreous Myrtaceze are found chiefly between 500 and 1500 feet, though isolated specimens of Pimenta officinalis, which is very abundant in the lower forests, occur at 3000 feet, and a few shrubby members of the order were observed at 4800 feet. With regard to the distri- bution of the Laurinee, it is impossible to assign them to any definable region, as they extend from the coast to an altitude of 11,000 feet. From Alpatlahua, which is the highest limit of Mimosa sensitiva, to 8000 feet the woods are composed almost entirely of oaks, associated with which are Lacepedea pinnata, Ulmus mexicana, Clethra tinifolia, a magnolia-like Aralia, and an arboreous Lippia ; while under these trees grow bushes of Cornus toluccensis, Viburnum, Triumfetta, several species of Rubus, a yellow climbing Composite, vines, Cuscuta galapensis, and red Bomarea. Maize-is-‘sown on the open ground, alternating in other seasons with a thick bush of Cassia, red Mimosa, Triumfetta, with five distinct Convolvuli and Ipomea climbing over them. Prominent low-growing plants are species of Salvia, Dahlia, Phyllanthus, Anoda, Iresine, Hypericum, Lycopodium, Desmodium, a Stevia, Euphorbia, Lobeha jalapensis, Lopezia hirsuta, Oxalis, various species of Geranium, Cuphea, Thalictrum, Ranunculus, Melastomacee, Drymaria, Erythrea, and a number of genera of Graminez * These names were written before the genera of palms had been reduced to their present limits, and Liebmann could not at the time have been acquainted with Martius’s ‘ Historia Palmarum,’ for neither Corypha nor Chamerops is represented in America. What was really intended is a little uncertain, though probably Brahea and Chamedorea. For many other antiquated or erroneous names we have been able to substitute the correct ones, by referring to Liebmann’s collections. On the other hand, several names published by Liebmann without descriptions we have cancelled, though a few may have been overlooked. u2 148 APPENDIX. and OCyperacee, as Vilfa, Panicum, Paspalum, Festuca, and Cyperus. Many parasites and epiphytes grow on the oaks and other trees, among them Viscum, Polypodium, Acrosti- chum, Epidendrum, a species of Stelis, Isochilus, Piper, and Cereus flagelliformis, the last being found only on the older trees. The red-spined Agave grows wild in the valleys ; Begonia martiana and a sweet-scented Oncidium are found on the steep rocks; and in the clefts a Sedum, ferns of the genera Acrostichum, Woodsia, Grammitis, and Aspidium, and a species of Lycopodium; while at 6500 feet the first Lupinus appears. In the tributary streams of the Jamapu river the stones are covered with a green Ulva, and a brown club-shaped nostoc. Mosses and lichens are tolerably numerous in this region and include Anthoceros crispa, Gymnostomum, Funaria hygrometrica, Macromitrium, Tortula, Hypnum, Jungermannia, Parmelia, Lecidea, &c. After leaving San Salvador Calcuhualco, Alnus jorullensis, arboreous and shrubby Vaccinia, Gaultheriw, and Andromede are more frequently seen in the oak-forests mingling with shrubs of Fuchsia microphylla ; and between 6500 and 7000 feet a more robust Arbutus appears, occurring casually up to 10,500 feet. The ugly Sida carpi- nifolia and other species which range from the sea-coast disappear at 6500 feet. Along the wayside grow several species of Serapias, a little red terrestrial orchid with- out tubers, and Govenia speciosa, which ascends to 9500 feet. Neottia aurantiaca is rare, and limited to a narrow belt below 7000 feet; and the recent destruction of the woods and cultivation in these regions threaten to exterminate it. The showy Tigridia pavoma (6600 to 9500 feet), two blue species of Commelina, a rosy Tradescantia, Tagetes spp., Dracocephalum mexicanum, Carduus pyrochrous, and a yellow Swertia grow here, and beneath the bushes Chimaphila maculata. The first pine, Pinus leio- phylla, appears at 6800 feet, though a single isolated specimen was observed at 3000 feet. Lpome«a purga is common climbing over the oak trees, and, with Tilia mexicana, ranges from 6800 to 8800 feet. In the maize-fields at this altitude grow Gerardia purpurea, Castilleja arvensis, Lobelia paucifiora, a dark red Allium, and two (Enothere, and Lamourouxia jalapensis ascends to 9500 feet. Lupins and Coniferee become more numerous in the still prevailing oak-forests, and various species of Aster, Stellaria, Scutellaria, and Senecio give the country a European aspect. At 7800 feet the pine- woods become denser and darker; Pinus montezume predominating, its branches covered with red Til/andsia and Usnea. These epiphytes continue up to 10,000 feet, where they are suddenly replaced by Phoradendron, which ascends to 13,000 feet. About 8000 feet is the highest limit of arboreous Solana; and at this altitude occur Elymus, Gnaphalium, Diodia, Adiantum capillus-veneris, and Cuscuta jalapensis; 200 feet higher Crategus ceases, while arboreous and shrubby Buddleie become more numerous. Bomarea hirtella twines round the bushes of Baccharis ; laurels and Rhamnee grow among the oaks and pines, and tree-like Composite of the genera Eupatorium and Baccharis still abound, reaching their highest limit at about 9000 feet. Lamourousia multifida appears between 8000 and 9000 feet; Smilax up to 8600; Clethra tinifolia and arboreous Araliacece up THE FLORA OF SOUTH MEXICO. 149° to 8500, and Monnina jalapensis up to 9000 feet. At 8800 feet a tree-like grass grows high into the laurel trees; the maize-fields are bordered with Rubus, Salvia, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Hypericum, and twining Sicyos; and at 9000 feet appears the gigantic Abies religiosa, which often attains a height of 200 feet. . The Vaqueria del Jacal, at 10,000 feet, is the highest point of the Eastern Cordilleras, and is surrounded by pine-woods and barley-fields, in which grow Chrysanthemum segetum, Achillea millefolium, Plantago mexicana, Tagetes clandestina, several species of Phy- salis, and Solanum stoloniferum ; and two species of willow, resembling Salix caprea and S. purpurea, are met with in the pine-woods. Shrubby vegetation is represented by a Viburnum, a Cornus, a Litsea, several Eupatoria, Baccharis jalapensis, Gaultheria ciliata, Arctostaphylos pungens, a low Rubus, and a Euphorbia, while of herbaceous plants there are Chelone gentianoides, Castilleja integrifolia and scorzonerifolia, Lupinus leptophyllus and vaginatus, a splendid red Lamourousxia, Tigridia pavonia, Verbena pulchella, three species of Salvia, two of Stachys, Dahlia variabilis, a blue Mentha, Ranunculus hookeri, and R. llaveanus, numerous species of Lupatorium, Senecio, Stevia, Bidens, and Potentilla, a Phacelia, Convallaria, Oxalis latifolia, and Lopezia hirsuta, a Gaura, Hypocheris, terrestrial orchids, such as Spiranthes, Govenia, Serapias, various asters, Iridese, Geranium mexicanum, and several Gnaphalia. Other prominent plants are Alchemilla venusta, A. vulcanica, A. hirsuta, and A. sibbaldiefolia, Veronica serpyl- lifolia, Cnicus jorullensis, Verbena caroliniana, Acena elongata, Prunella vulgaris, a Swertia, Pteris aquilina, Arenaria decussata, several Cerastia, Trifolium amabile, Hie- racium abscissum and H. mexicanum, Fragaria mexicana, a Diodia, Pimpinella, Chero- phyllum, Aigopodium, Daucus montanus, a Melampodium, a Composite near Tussilago, several Urticacese, and a Galium. Of Graminee and Cyperacee &c. the genera Bromus, Festuca, Deyeuxia, Triodia, Agrostis, Poa, Luzula, and Carex are found; while Hypnum tamariscinum and H. delicatulum carpet the ground as in European pine-woods. On the trees grow an epiphytal Echeveria, various species of Piper and Tillandsia, a Phoradendron, a Polypodium, Cornicularia bicolor, Evernia, and Ramalina, Usnea Jlorida, Parmelie and Lecidee, Hypnum, Webera, Bryum, and Tortula. Along the streams the only Mexican Calceolaria, Mimulus glabratus, Epilobium repens, Aster rivularis, a violet, an Urtica, Aspidium filiz-mas, Sanicula liberta, Hydrocotyle mexicana, Nastur- . tiwm impatiens, and numerous Peltigere, Stictew, &c. On the steep dry cliffs the prin- cipal vegetation consists of Echeveria mucronata and other species, an Agave, a Sedum, a Parietaria, ferns of the genera Acrostichum, Asplenium, Aspidium, Notolena, Cheilanthes, Polypodium, and Adiantum; two species of Pinguicula, an Arenaria, like the Alpine A. setacea; several low Composites of the genera Stevia, Senecio, and Baccharis, a Stereocaulon, a Bartramia, and, finally, a species of Gentiana and a broad- leaved Valeriana. The richest vegetation exists in the ravines. In the Jamapu Ravine, at 9500 feet, forests of bamboo (Arundinaria), twenty-five feet high, were passed, which was the more 150 APPENDIX. remarkable as no bamboos had been seen between 3000 and 9500 feet. Round these bamboos twine Cobewa minor, while Bomarea hirtella, Fuchsia microphylla, a Pleroma, a Polemonium, and a blue Salvia cover the ground. Over the cliffs grow a Solanum, a Gronovia, a Mimulus, and a Lobelia, and in moist places Ribes jorullense and a black-fruited Rubus. 7 Oaks and Adzes religiosa disappear simultaneously about 300 to 400 feet above the Vaqueria. The range of the pine-woods is from 6500 to 11,000 feet, though isolated and dwarfed trees of Pinus montezume, together with an alder, occur still higher ; the latter ceases entirely at 11,600 feet, but Pinus montezume not only reaches to 13,600 feet, but even extends on the north-western side to an altitude of 14,000 feet, where it becomes dwarfed, though never shrubby nor prostrate. At the upper limit of the woods, Spirea argentea is the characteristic plant of the country, and ascends to 12,000 feet ;. Pedicularis orizabe, Eryngium proteceflorum and E. carline, Lupinus, Veratrum frigidum, and a Serapias are also found in the grass. In these regions low shrubs of Stevia purpurea and arbutifolia, &c., are specially abundant; yet they do not reach the highest limit, being replaced at higher altitudes by species of Senecio, which ascend higher than any other shrubs. A little white Viola, Cerastium vulcanicum and C. orithales, Arenaria leptophylla, Alchemilla, Potentilla, Lithospermum, a Sisyrinchium, an Erigeron, low- growing species of Stachys, Seseli, and Ginanthe, Tiarella, Hieracium, Castilleja, a Galium, Ranunculus geoides, a Bidens, Nasturtium orizabe, Draba toluccensis, and Hypo- cheris were observed on the ascent, while by the streams grew Carex festiva, a Barbarea, Juncus, several species of Luzula, and a great Araliad. Bartramia uncinata, Pohlia minor, Bryum, Tortula, Didymodon, Trichostomum, Stereocaulon, and Lecidea wahlen- bergu cover the rocks. The zigzag road rises to 13,600 feet, the vegetation becomes scantier, the slopes more sandy and beset with masses of sharp-pointed black and grey rocks; no lava, however, is found. All arboreous vegetation has disappeared at this altitude, and isolated patches of grass are the only prominent vegetation on the sandy plain, which strongly resembles a barren coast. A large number of plants disappear suddenly on the border of this plain, among them Lupinus, Eryngium (at 14,000 feet), Acena elongata, Poa annua, Aspidium fragile, and Bryum argenteum ; and the whole character of the vegetation changes. The species of grass are for the most part the same as those found by Humboldt and Bonpland on the Nevado de Toluca. The dry sandy ground produces a species of Conyza, Heli- chrysum lavandulifolium, various species of Senecio, Gnaphalium, Cnicus nivalis, Gaul- theria ciliata, Cerastium, a Viola, and Draba toluccensis. In the marshes formed in summer by the melting snow grow a Ranunculus, a yellow Potentilla, two small species of Agrostis, Carex festiva, Luzula, Phleum alpinum, and Veronica serpyllifolia. On the rocks appear Mahonia tlicina and Juniperus mexicana, and a number of Cryptogams including Andree, Trichostomum, Grimmie, Thelephora zonaria, Parmelia encausta and P. centralis, Evernia furfuracea, Lecidea atroalba and L. atrovirens, and Umbilicaria. THE FLORA OF SOUTH MEXICO. 151 After passing this grassy region, and on reaching the foot of the last cone of the volcano, at 14,300 feet, the ground becomes too steep and difficult even for mules to traverse, and the “ Neveros,” who carry ice and snow from Orizaba to the coast, are obliged at this point to leave their animals and continue the ascent on foot. Even at this great elevation a varied vegetation exists; thus we find a species of Phacelia, a Castilleja, Cnicus nivalis and another Composite, an Arenaria, a Draba, a shrubby Senecio, most of the grasses of the sandy regions, besides Evernia ochroleuca, Bryum, Grimmia, and Parmelia centralis. On climbing the cone an Avena,a Draba, and here and there single specimens of other grasses and the Arenaria are found. Phanerogamia finally disappear at 14,600 feet, probably owing to the nature of the soil rather than to the temperature. Up to 14,800 feet, which is the highest range of vegetation on Orizaba, the rocks are covered with Cryptogams. Before concluding this part, we may add that little is known of the details of the botany of Yucatan, except that it is very poor and scanty, and largely composed of plants that will bear long droughts without injury. The poverty of the flora is ascribed to the fact that the copious rains rapidly filter away through the porous limestone substratum. Little is yet known, too, of the flora of British Honduras; but what we have been able to collect may follow here. British Honpvuras. With the exception of a few odd plants introduced from time to time into English gardens, chiefly by different governors of the colony, there were, until recently, no recorded particulars of its vegetation, and exceedingly few dried plants in the Kew Herbarium. Quite recently a collection of forty-four species has been received at Kew from Mr. H. D. M. Hooper; but of course this is insufficient to throw any light on the general character of the flora. There is, however, one more authoritative source of infor- mation, from which we extract the leading facts. ; Mr. D. Morris (now Assistant-Director at Kew), in a sketch of the history and resources of the colony *, dwells with some detail on its vegetable productions, and gives a very good description of the general composition of its flora. Lying east of Guatemala and south of Yucatan, it has a seaboard about 160 miles long, and its estimated area is 7500 square miles. A considerable portion of the country is low and flat, but it rises in the interior, and in the south the hills extend almost to the coast, rising inland to an altitude of 4000 feet. The most remarkable feature in a rich tropical vegetation is the presence of a pine, extending in places down to the very coast. This pine is apparently of the same species (Pinus cubensis) as that occupying similar situations in the Isle of Pines, off the south coast of Cuba, and “is probably the most abundant tree in the colony.” It is the predominating tree on the ridges forming the watersheds between * «The Colony of British Honduras, its Resources and Prospects, with particular reference to its Indigenous Plants and Economic Products.’ 152 APPENDIX. the numerous small rivers. In the neighbourhood of Roaring Creek the ordinary pine- ridge plants give place to groves of oak (probably Quercus virens); and some of these oaks attain a great size. Between the pine-ridges and the rivers are what are called the Cohune-ridges, in consequence of the predominance of the noble Cohune palm (Attalea cohune). The vegetation here is exceedingly rich and varied; but nothing so impresses the traveller, Morris says, as the profusion and diversity of palms, including abundance of Oreodoxa oleracea and Euterpe edulis *, both West-Indian palms, of which we have no other evidence of their occurring within our limits. Other prominent genera are Bactris, Geonoma, Thrinax, Sabal, Acrocomia, Acanthorhiza, Desmoncus, and Chamedorea ; several of them, like the last, being represented by a number of species. Prominent among orchids are the genera Oncidium and Epidendrum, but Gongora, Chysis, Mazil- laria, Cycnoches, Catasetum, Mormodes, Coryanthes, and Dichea are also well represented. The two commonest orchids are Schomburgkia tibicina and Epidendrum bicornutum, growing in the greatest profusion, even within reach of the salt spray from the sea. Ferns are abundant in the shady depths of the Cohune-ridges, though there appears to be only one species of tree-fern, an Alsophiia. In conclusion, Mr. Morris, who is well acquainted with tropical vegetation, says:—‘“It would be impossible to describe satisfactorily the rich profusion and abundance of plant-life as seen in the Central- American forests. Each tree, with its huge branches covered with orchids and bromeliads, and its trunk festooned with climbing aroids and tresses of ferns and club- mosses, is a botanic garden in itself.” GUATEMALA. This province exceeds in size any of those south of it, having an approximate area of 60,000 square miles; and the character of the vegetation, if not its details, is almost as well known as that of South Mexico, especially of the Pacific side, where are the highest mountains. The vegetation is so essentially the same as that of South Mexico. that it is unnecessary to enter into particulars. Some of the northern genera repre- sented on the Mexican peaks do not appear to reach Guatemala; though this is mere conjecture, as the flora of the uppermost zone of vegetation in Guatemala has been little investigated. For what is known of it we are indebted to Hartweg, and more especially to Salvin and Godman. The alpine element we have examined is almost exclusively from the Volcan de Fuego. Mr. O. Salvin and Mr. G. C. Champion (who has also spent some years in Guate- mala) have put together their joint observations on the vegetation of various districts of Guatemala, which, although wanting in specific details, are highly interesting to the phyto-geographer at home. They follow here :— | “The vegetation of Guatemala is probably as varied as that of Southern Mexico, but there are no large desert tracts as in Northern Mexico. The main mountain-chain is * Cirsted’s species of this genus (hwy. op. iii. p. 401) are imperfectly known, and may be the same. THE FLORA OF GUATEMALA. 153 an extension of that of Chiapas, and attains its greatest elevation in the north, where it consists of upland plains such as that of Quezaltenango (7000 feet), Chimaltenango (6000 feet), Guatemala (5000 feet), &c., surrounded by high hills, and the outline broken on the side towards the Pacific Ocean by the volcanoes. These highland plains are, for the most part, comparatively free from the denser growth of trees, and are, where not actually cultivated, covered with grass upon which sheep and cattle graze. The surrounding’ hills are covered with pines and oaks to an elevation of 10,000 to 11,000 feet. ‘* A dense forest growth covers the slopes of the cordillera towards the Pacific, from an elevation of 5000 or 6000 feet; and this blends with the lowland forests, which are densest and less broken at the foot of the cordillera, but towards the shore of the ocean become more interrupted by forests of palms and other trees and open stretches of rank grass. A long narrow mountain-ridge leaves the cordillera not far from Totonicapam, and at first forms the division between the drainage of the Rio Negro or Chisoy and the Motagua. This ridge again divides—one branch separating the Motagua and Polochic valleys, the other the Polochic and the waters of the Rio Negro and the Rio de la Pasion. The upper part of the valley of the Motagua consists of plains covered chiefly with oaks and pines, the former loaded with orchids and Bromeliacee. “Lower down, the valley contracts, and its sides are covered with scrubby forest mingled with pines, and the upper slopes with oaks, frequently loaded with Tillandsia and many orchids (Pleurothallis, Oncidium, Epidendrum, &c.). The hills then recede, and the valley expands into open and comparatively barren plains covered with Mimose and Cacti. This vegetation is again succeeded, rather suddenly, between Zacapa and Gualan by rich virgin forests, and these continue to the Atlantic. The valleys of the Polochic and Cahabon rivers take their rise in Alta Vera Paz, in a rainy district covered with dense vegetation, a large portion of which is under cultivation ; the ancient forests having, for the most part, given place to second-growth woods, which are cut and burnt from time to time for plantations of Indian corn, coffee, sugar, &c. In these valleys we also find patches of pine-forests occupying the spurs of the chains of mountains bounding and dividing the valleys on either side. In the neighbourhood of Cahabon the vegetation is more scanty, and open grassy plains occur. “© A few leagues above the junction of the Polochic and Cahabon rivers, between Teleman and Panzos, the virgin forest is entered, and this, as in the Motagua valley, continues to the sea, covering the whole country round the lake of Yzabal and the banks of the Rio Dulce. “The high ridge bounding the valley of the Cahabon river to the north is clothed with virgin forest near its summit, and this forest spreads continuously northwards without any interruption, to the confines of the Department of Peten. Pine-ridges between the rivers, as in British Honduras, intervene, and the vegetation is probably much like that of British Honduras and Yucatan. Between Peten and Alta Vera Paz the forest BIOL. CENTR.-AMER., Bot. Vol. [V., August 1887. x 154 APPENDIX. is perhaps the largest in the whole of Guatemala, and consists of mixed trees of the largest size. It is here that Theobroma occurs in a wild state; many Anonacee, Sapota (2), &c., and palms and ferns in great profusion. Near Peten are forests con- sisting chiefly of palms and also large tracts of logwood. “The highest volcano of Guatemala, the Volcan de Fuego, attains an elevation of about 13,100 feet. The summit of the Volcan de Agua is about 12,400 feet above the sea. The latter peak is clothed with grass and a few pines, together with alpine shrubs, Vaccinia, lupins, &c., up to the summit ; but the Volcan de Fuego, owing probably to the looseness of the scorie, is nearly barren, a little vegetation of ferns, lycopods, &c. only having fixed itself in the crevices of rocks. Lower, on both volcanos, the pine- trees become larger and more numerous, down to an elevation of about 10,200 feet, where they entirely cease very suddenly, and give way to a dense mixed forest, of which the Cheirostemon is one of the most characteristic trees. Large evergreen oaks are prevalent at an elevation of about 7000 to 8000 feet; and at about 7000 feet and below the virgin forest has been destroyed, while below this zone Indian-corn patches alternate with second-growth woods; the latter being cut and burnt from time to time and turned into the former, and the maize-fields allowed to run wild and gradually become woods. But the upper forests suffer from the lower clearings, for the fires starting from the newly-felled clearings often spread into the upper forests and even to the pines above; and the destruction caused is immense. These fires often last for days in the dry season, and spread over large tracts of the mountain sides. “The Volcan de Atitlan somewhat resembles the Agua and Fuego; but the zones of vegetation are not so clearly marked. The coffee-plantations of San Agustin encroach upon the forest up to an elevation of about 3500 feet; above that a very rich tract of | forest prevails on the southern slope of the mountain, through a large portion of which is a beautiful undergrowth of small palms. The summit of this mountain is nearly bare, but a few plants are to be found in the crevices of the rocks fostered by steam issuing therefrom. “