hy ‘a Sy. PVs BAP ar NAW Py Tie BOA Fe Pes A Fe ® sae aie nbd fe Si 7, Re Sli a TA CR AA EN oy ROU pH nS eds DA Wd
IL LLIN TLE IYI ILIAD PTTL DLS LIED LG OI LE, BILE DAFT OALTY.
: . . » r <4 ~ ~ ma *

PREP LES Cr ree rT Re rvUNEer Ur becce Pierre heli erect bene tr et
NANI PON ERMA RM WA Oe ER a We UE Us
A S 4) »

i . ie

et
ae

4 a),

Wiig Aly SFL I? a) Mi MTS

MO MLAS VET TD AAI IS /
INS LRIS a PS SE eld KAN $56

asim 5+

Near ike 4 fi v4
et Nir neh y y; ; |
¥ Ly PAZ Re DFT BEAN
SOS. SAA Sr
. a h¢ Val WA) Des VAR LG ier f
1 PS PaEKUEReLKEbEE CHEE ECT EeCheecet Paki E
; TSIM oh Migs ay Ie ae ioe ret ¢ » Sere,
y TRNAS LAC LARS YR 1) ie Set
4 Loy PE ONS . y f St
4) PUL E EERE REE PELE RUE BELG
| DO i
¥ APA TLE RTI INS
a». ERAGON Sy: ?. My LPI Re
PR ieee A ad Bese
Vie ey we 0

‘
eA tells
4

A ae

a en

nineh ee KiNG

EME »?

Raa
PALER ,

AS) es ey Beau
o +, ff

"
sth

RR eew,
Meat te Pye
Ins Oy, Wir
Os TERSIIN »

a et ee

: os
a ~~,
core Shakey
chang NOTA
Se

2

Sais
a

i; eA f gic %

: ‘> srs 42 flek A |B ;
x» Neves y - Ang ,, ‘. S ie 4 ts ;
vs VHS Wat ele 7
| MEA ‘ iy, eles SOME OE ME
if EMPRGOUCEERNE MEEREI PERE Mh EBO lic ei ae F
4 ‘ bt NE iat ath d TN oe Cad Apart oh eS
: % DT MA DPI Mj LTA AAR

ROTTER PE Od 4 ,
“, ie SEALE ROSELL, Get 2 AROSE ti
it DI ATID Va BE hes
7) 2h tas? Ay a)

—

ALGSEERLEC RES EE
hei an

sy

2

EO Sn eee

8 es ama ay

ron Sa : mh oe ee
wet > sit

% mesma =

> ~~ \ ~

- - -e a >
hc = , : >>.
aS ¥
ory
™, ~

“a
+
os

AP Tp
x”
wh)

Aa

=~

A ete "A

ey,
AA
‘aks

eweentaeeen cect pecet
HS RENE Rea aN cae Rae
LOSS TONS LES:

Ptah

ee

eee

ia ta
vo, Ape
i

~

ERIE, bos
Pee Ds SY ary 3 ey oe ‘
y as Ait Vis
RNs yi fe; e el s 48
MA

~~
ee

neh t :
LEGG
CPA

CIS

i ng rc
Y . t
i : ei (eX
ADVE VE Jaks
sae BY hak 33
wes t ae {tees
. ets, t 2%
GY, Ue AS Ys eke
+a i mele
Ba Oh Bey De
4, va 77, >» S/t fee
IE Se AO : ips
OATES Payton Ad ACE
48) eee ‘re
. eh 3. Be gt ey
, i at i Nae ta ok
\ 7 ‘ ‘ ey A,
{ > a . f vA oe 7.4
‘ 4 ~ » : Tr cf I 7 a>
FF 4 ivy g ;
7h es Bee) ram -
Ae ; w/ ‘ « S 3 as
RE 8 J } !
Are f EX i> e rs re Ve)
} ee fe
LY BRIE VERE
a 8 vy <f tte
4 tu aP Ver
LA (Ey¥ Slat het < leek
ie tt MOH ‘Gus
Ws DF om
fe Ge! Del en t Bs
p! \ , . : , Cet ‘
et eee tist Bbt tt
ti
;

PARP OER ee uy AY

[ARR ed ae CEA EE ACE f

oa» LDL READER ORG
PMLA RY VAC rary 2 f

4 WSS AA

“
(BSS isis ge
SATE FON SE Take
LN UY SD LRP LL
if psa ex Oe eae
Deca NNPeceLe wee Lececet vets
ERT CEL REET

a yg VALS

Ul Sooe te

7 4 7

“tee

ry
a
Ae)
~
_~
aes
i=
=
—
-
=
~
~

sECTI

\
h

INCLUDING ~ Se,

CEYLON AND BURMA.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF
STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL.

EDITED BY SIR ARTHUR E, SHIPLEY, Sc.D.Cantab., HON. D.Sc. Princeton,
HON, LL.D. Michigan, F.R.S8.

ASSISTED BY GUY A. K, MARSHALL, HON. D.Sc. (Oxon.), F.Z.8.

MOLLUSCA.—III.
LAND OPERCULATES.

(CYCLOPHORID.AZ, TRUNCATELLIDE, ASSIMINEIDA,
HELICINID.)

qsonian Instiz,
aS GUDE, F.Z&
fw MAY - 61921 *
Nass |.

2tional Muse’

GOAN DON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
CALCUTTA : | BOMBAY:
THACKER, SPINK, & CO. THACKER & CO., LIMITED.

February, 1921.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

Division o{ Mollusks
| Sectional Library
PREFACE,

Tue Indian Molluscan Fauna has for a great number of
years attracted the attention of many collectors and zoologists,
foremost among whom may be mentioned the following :
Benson, Pfeiffer, Stoliczka, Nevill, Theobald, Hanley, the
two Blanford brothers, Beddome—unfortunately none of
these any longer with us—and Lt.-Col. Godwin- Austen.
The last named has an intimate and extensive knowledge of
the Indian Mollusca, both conchological and anatomical,
equalled by no man living. Of the total number of 572
species of land operculates known from India, Ceylon, and
Burma, no fewer than 170 have been named and described
by him, the next highest number —85—standing to the credit
of Benson, while W. H. Blanford is responsible for 64,
Pfeiffer following with 42, and Beddome with 25. In the
largest genus—Alycwus, containing 145 known Indian
species—Godwin-Austen is credited with as many as 102.

The classification adopted in the present volume is mainly
that proposed by Kobelt in ‘* Das Jierreich,” Lief. 16.

In the marine operculates breathing is effected by means
of one or two branchiz. The terrestrial forms, however,
having adopted an aérial mode of life and consequently
breathing air instead of water, their respiration is carried on,
as in the Pulmonata, by a lung formed from the mantle-
cavity. In some genera, where the shell is completely closed
by the operculum, a tube has been developed on the last
whorl, near the aperture, for the purpose of admitting air
into the shell. Suchare : Alycwus, Pterocyclus, Opisthoporus,
Spiraculum, and Khiostoma. In the last genus the anterior

a2

iv

part of the last whorl has become detached, and the tube,
which is quite free, is directed towards the penultimate
whorl.

As regards the circulatory system, the Indian land
operculates are provided with only one auricle, and the
pulmonary veins, as well as the auricle—into which they
are situated in front of the ventricle.

open,

In their nervous system these families, like other Strepto-
neura, are characterized by the loop formed by the two
visceral nerve cords being twisted over itself in the form of
the figure 00. They also differ widely from the Pulmonata
in their digestive and other organs.

In the preparation of this volume the writer has had the
advantage of the co-operation of Mr. Hugh Watson, who has
kindly read through all the proofs, in the course of which he
has made many valuable suggestions. To Mr. G. C. Robson,
as on a former occasion, I am indebted for giving me free
access to the general collection in the British Museum at
South Kensington. Mr. G. C. Leman also has obligingly
placed several specimens from the late Col. Beddome’s
collection—now in his possession-—at my disposal, while to
Dr. F. Haas, of the Senckenbergisches Museum, Frankfurt
a/M., Iam under obligation for procuring me photographs

of the types of two species in the Méllendorff Collection.

London, February, 1921. G. K. GUDE.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page
Order STREPTONEURA.
Sub-order 1. TASNIOGLOSSA.

Fam. 1. CycLOPHORID® .... ]
Subfam. 1. Cyclophorine .... 1
ee *

Sect. 1. Cyclophoree.

—

Gen. 1. Leptopoma, Pfeiffer ..

Subgen. 1. Leptopoma,

PREC, Be Se 5 «0

ih
1. semiclausum, Pfeiffer... 1
2. taprobanensis, Preston , 2

Subgen. 2. Trocholeptopoma,
Kobelt § Méllendorff. 2

. apicatum, Benson 2
. aspirans, Benson ...... 3
} elatum, Pfeifer... 1
. immaculatum, Chemnitz 4
. roepstortianum, Nevill.. = 5

“1 Cp C1 = CO

Gen. 2. Japonia, Gould ...... 6

Subgen. 1. Lagochilus, Blan-

3. galathee, Moreh ......
4. leporina, Blanford ....
5. malleata, Blanford ....

VOL. CoO Oe 6

J. binoyse, Sykes ........ 6
2. daflaensis, Godwin-

BA ISLEIU MN aA Cnr cosy oe a

fi

8

8

Page
6. oakesi, Godwin-Austen. 9
Ta OCCOILA,SYKES, ... 5. som 9
8. phayrei, Theobald .... 10
Y. polynema, Morch .... 10
10. roepstorfi, Mérech .... Il
11. scissimargo, Benson .. 11
12. sikkimensis, Godwin-
LANESEOIOM, apsicyyevesa,t 12
13. tomotrema, Denson .... 12
WAS “VOSCApISYUKER) sr siascent vata = 13
15. warnefordiana, Nerid/.. 15
16. wullerstorfiana, Zelebor. 14
Gen .3. Craspedotropis, Blan-
SOMO Rtas aic Aemerbasesisw 6a 15
1. bilirata, Beddome .... 15
2. cuspidata, Benson .... 16
3. fimbriata, Godwin-
AUSTEN 1, 5 sss oks iW
4, salemensis, Beddome .. 18
Gen. 4. Leptopomoides, Nevil/, 18
t.-conulus, Pfeuffer ..... 19
2. flammeus, Pfeiffer .... 19
3. halophilus, Benson .... 20
4. orophilus, Benson .,.. 20
5. peecilus, Pfeiffer ...... 21

. valvatus, Mollendorff.. 21

Gen. 5. Micraulax, Theobald .. 22
1. eceloconus, Benson .... 22
2. scabra, Theobald ...... 22

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page

Gen. 6. Ditropis, Blanford

1. beddomei, Blanford ..
2. convexa, Blanfor Has nde
o. planorbis, Blantord....

Gen. 7. Scabrina, Blanford ..

Gen. 8. Theobaldius,

Gen.

1. basisuleata, Martens ..
2 browne Sy/ces seer j
o z x

Oe Call WX CN SOT mere rare ciate
4. hispidula, Blanford. ...
5. inglisiana, Stoliczha....
6. pinnulifera, Benson... .

Nevill

1. annulatus, Pfeiffer
var. discus, Kobelt
var. nileirica, Kobelt .
baindi, Pyerferan.-.)..-
3. cadiscus, Benson ......
4, cratera, Benson ......
5. cytopoma, Benson ....
6. deplanatus, Pfeiffer... .
7. layardi, H. Adams ....
8, liliputianus, Preston
9. loxostoma, Pfeiffer . .
10. maculosus, Sowerby. ...
1). nivicola, Godwin-
IMOVIE. oeccoscen :
oakesi, Godwin-
Austen Micnccen he
WSs Onis IGOUE” cos kn ose
14. parapsis, Benson ......
15. parma, Benson......
16, phzenotopicus, Benson.
17. ravidus, Bunsen
ie sshiplayieepegperseia...
19. stenostoma, Pfeffer
var. angus, Hanley §
UGC! co ancenee
20. subplicatus, Beddome . .
21. thwaitesi, Pfeiffer ....
2”. tristis, Blanford

12;

9. Cyclophorus, Montfort

Subgen. 1. Litostylus, Kobelt
§ Mollendorff

1. ceylanicus, Pfeiffer ....

2)?
D2

24
25

46

Page
2. cornutus, Kobelt ...... 47
3. involvulus, Miiller .... 47
4. jerdoni, Benson ...... 48
olimatulaeerestonee eee
6. menkeanue, Philippi 49
7. muspratti, Grodwin-
Austen § Beddome. 49
8. nagaensis, Godwin-
Austen § Beddome. 50
9, nilagiricus, Benson.... 41
10, poeciloneurus, G'odwin-
Austen § Beddome. 52
var. aureolabris, Nevill 5:
11. polynema, Pfeiffer .... 58
12. pyrotrema, Benson .... 54
3. spironema, Pfeffer . 55
Subgen. 2. Glossostylus,

— Kobelt § Mollendorff. 56
14, altivagus, Benson .... 56
lbs aurora, bensons oe oa Oe
16, bapuensis, Godein-

TNO, ga annoeé ROT:
17 bensont, Pfeifer. - a6 Ot
var. cry ptomphaloides,
INCU or casio cress Jaen EOS
18. charpentieri, Mowsson . 58
var. nicobarica, Morch 58
19. crassalabella, Godwin-
ZHONG Besa oc 59
20. eryptomphalus, Benson. 59
21. cybeus, Benson. Pecks ba
22. exul, Benson...... . 60
23. fulouratus, Pfeiffer . 61
var. rangunensis,
(KObel ie OX
24, fuscicolor, Godwin-
VARISUEN a ete races 2
26. himalayanus, Pferffer 63
26. indicus, Deshayes 63
27. koboensis, Godwin-
MSE sodeoceces Oi!
28. patens, Blanford ...... 64
29. pearsoni, Benson ...... 65
var. fuscicolor, Nevill. 66
var. subalabastrum,
INCU Aa ey chat aio 66
30. sidiensis, Godwin-
Austen ..... Ou
31. stenomphalus, Pf iffer 2 67
32. tryblium, Benson. ..... 68
var. conica, Manley §
INCOWHTS Boonsson. Ws

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. vii

Page | Page
Subgen. 3. Salpingophorus, 61. scurra, Benson ........ 90
Kobelt § Mollendorff. 69 var. davisoniana, Nevill 90:
33. aborensis, — Godwin- _ Subgen.5. Cyclohelix, Mérch. 91
Austen Nore iere teres 69 | ;
54. alabastrinus, Pfecffer .. 69 62. crocatus, Born ........ 91
55. arthriticus, Theobald .. 70 63. denselineatus, Pfeiffer. . 92
var. fulgurans, 7heo- 64. foliaceus, Chemnitz .... 92
bolder cant ote 70 | Ob: lenin inijonm aa eo sls 93
06, aurantiacus, Schumacher 71 66. nicobaricus, Pfeiffer .. 93
var. pernobilis, Gould. 71 |
var. nevilli, Martens . 7 Gen. 10. Aulopoma, T’roschel.. 94
var. reevel, Martens... 72
var. andersoni, ie grande, Pfeiffer suehoyeene 95
Martens ©. 0.60.4. 3 73 | 2. helicinum, Chemnitz .. 95
37. austenianus, Preston .. 73 3, itierl, Guérin ........ 96
38. balteatus, Benson .... 74 var. hoffmeisteri,
39. beddomeanus, Preston . 74 DT OSCHEU S15 «ers +16 96-
40, birmanus, Pfeiffer .... 75 4, spheroideum, Dohrn .. 97
41. cucullatus, Gould .... 75

42. excellens, Pfeiffer .... 76 9 as
43. expansus, Pfeiffer .... 77 meet 2 Ee oca

44, serratizona, Hanley § Gen. 1. Pterocyclus, Benson .. 97
PUCOUQUMS o.oo. 95 10 77 ;
45. flavilabris, Benson .... 78 1. aborensis, Godwin-
46. fultoni, Godwin-Austen | AUGER (as evekeiohaielio ost 98
& Beddome ...... 78 2. albersi, Pfeiffer ...... 98
47. haughtoni, Theobald .. 79 3. ater, Stoliczka ........ 99
48. khasiensis, Nevill .... 80 4. bifrons, Pfeiffer ...... 99
49. malayanus, Benson .... 80 5. bilabiatus, Sowerby .... 100
bOs ophis, Hanley... 62.» 81 var. conica, Nevill... . 100
51. pealianus, Nevill...... 81 | 6. brahmakundensis,
52. perdix, Broderip § Godwin-Austen.... 101
Sowerby... sv... sien 82 To COUN ONBOME fake sis ia.c08 101
var. roepstorfiana, | 8. cingalensis, Benson .... 102
Godwin- Austen .. 83 | 9. comatus, Moéllendorff .. 102
53. phayrei, Theobald...... 83 10. cumingi, Pfeiffer Sa. 103
var. noetlingi, Martens 85 | 11. eyelophoroideus, Nevill. 103
54. porphyreticus, Benson 83 | var. subluteola, Nevill. 104
55. speciosus, Philippi .... 84 | 12. feddeni, Blanford .... 104
var. aureolabris, Nevill 84 | 13. insignis, Theobald .... 105
56. sublevigatus, Blanford. 85 | var. planorbioides,
var. assamensis, Neriid 85 Ne vue te te cance 2 105
57. theobaldianus, Benson . 86 14. magnus, Godwin-Austen. 105
58. zebrinus, Benson ...... 86 WARS ey ieee oka chs viens 106
var. ambigua, Martens 87 15. marion, Preston...... 106
var. chrysolabris, 16. miriensis, Godwin-
TCE a 88 BLAISLEM Merde % sressrats 107
I. Manws; Benson... 5...» 107
Subgen. 4. Cyclophorus, s.s., yee applanata, Nevill . 108
" NSONENG eee, ccs 88 var. retlexilabris,
IVE USUI. ct. Genchsva te 108
59. affinis, Theobald ...... 88 18. parvus, Pearson ...... 108
var. picta, Theobald... 89 var. assamensis,

60. punctatus, Grateloup .. 89 | Hanley § Theobald . 109

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page |
19, pseudocumingi, Mollen-
CORON 2 OR. ets as 109
20. pullatus, Benson ...... 109
2]. rupestris, Benson tell O

22. spiramentum, Godwin-
DEO RAe eis Cutio aie 1001
23. troscheli, Benson ...... ibiat
Gen. 2. Pearsonia, Kobelt 112
Subgen. 1. Pearsonia, s. s.,
MODEIE ees cee ee iy
1. andersoni, Blanford .. 112
2, assamensis, Fulton .... 113
3. avana, Blanford ...... 114
4. beddomei, Blanford .. 115
5. bhamoensis, Theobald. . 116
6. bitubifera, Theobald .. 117
@. hispida, Pearson... .-. 118 |
8. kempi, Godwin-Austen . 119 |
9. luyorensis, Godwin-
PAUSE CNT Ewa ack 119
10, mastersi, Hanley §
heold die 120
1]. minima, Godwin-
FAUSECN ee 121
12. nayaensis, Godwin-
Austen § Beddome 122
13. nevilli, Godwin-Austen. 122
Vania ceretene elders teks 123
14. oakesi, Godwin-Austen . 124
15. plana, Godwin- Austen . 124

16.

If
18.

var. puriensis, Nevill . 111

putaoensis, Godwin-
VAUSTET eee

simplex, Nevill........

travancorica, Blanford.. 126

Subgen. 2. Pseudospiraculum,

19.

Gen. 3.

Le
9

Sect

Gen. 1.

Robelt Ss aee cat 126 |
fairbanki, Blanford.... 127
thiostoma, Benson... . 127
haughtoni, Benson ..., 128
strubelli, Méllendorff .. 129

shebs) SOU CIOLE Pi, «ates ci oe 129 |
Cyclotus, Swarnson 129

Subgen. 1. Siphonocyclus,

Mollendorff .... 130
gordoni, Benson ...... 130

i

Sect. 4. Cyathopomatee ....

Gen. 1. Cyathopoma, Blanford

Subgen. 1. Cyathopoma,
Blanford, s. s.

. album, Beddome ......
Seartatun, Syiccs eee
. atrosetosum, Beddome
. beddomeanum, Nevill .
. coonoorense, Blanford .
. deceanense, Blanford ..
. filocinctum, Benson....
. kalryenense, Blanford. .
. kolamulliense, Blan-
W {CDG Kader Sie HORENR LY Are
. latilabre, Beddome ...
. leptomita, Sykes ......
2. marie, Jowsseaume ....
. ovatum, Beddome
. peilei, Preston
. prestoni, Sykes ......
. shevaroyanum, Ded-
BOMMEM ao ie oe ee
. Sivagherrianum, Bed-
GONE rs eta: Soe
travancoricum, Led-
OLY TO a Sigs CBR ner cic: 2
vitreum, Beddome
wynaadense, Alanford

He CS LD

7
we wee

6 GO ~y

18.

19.
20.

Subgen. 2. Jerdonia, Blanford

21. anamullayanum,
WBeddome. sss. ac
2. ceylanicum, Beddome ..
sCOUGETL WSR a sen oe. ote
24. conoideum, Sykes
. elatum, Beddome’......
26. imperforatum, Nevill ..
27. innocens, Sykes ......
. malabaricum, Blanford
. natalicium, Godwin-
AT St OT pe geen
. nitidum, Beddome
. ogdenianum, Preston ..
. perconoideum, Preston
. proceruin, Blanford....
354, serendibense, Preston . .
. tignarium, Benson
. trochlea, Benson ......
7. turbinatum, Sykes .
. uvaense, Preston

*ev ele kee

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page
Subgen. 3. Pseudojerdonia,
Kobelt ......+- 155
39. garoense, Gudwin-
Austen ages sere 153
40, jawaiense, Godwin-
MAGE Sab odduuee 154
41. nevilli, Godwin-
At SLOT NY sets 18> 154
Gen. 2. Mychopoma, Blanford 155
1. hirsutum, Blanford.... 155
2. limbiferum, Blanford .. 156
3. seticinctum, Beddome.. 157
Subfam. 2. Pupinineé ......-- 158
a may tennnaananet LOOT ee .
Sect. 1. Pupinellee ........ 158
Gen. 1. Pseudopomatias,
Mollendorff ...... 158
1. grandis, Godwin-
PAESLCTUY (eohecieraiene cue 158
2. himalaye, Benson 159
3. luyorensis, Godwin-
PACISLCTUMMREN Ne) kehel eioe 159
4. peguensis, Theobald.... 160
5, pleurophorus, Benson. . 160
6, slyomensis, Godwin-
AUS CHIE safes: «6.00.4 160
Gen. 2. Nodopomatias, Gude .. 161
1. oakesi, Godwin-Austen 161
2. sibbumensis, Godwein-
ZONIAO. Sooteced aoa 162
Gen. 3. Rhaphaulus, Pfecffer .. 162
1. aborensis, Godwin-
CIISIGD. gern HOTA 163
2. assamicus, Godwin-
PRISER sha oat oes 163
3. blanfordi, Benson...... 164
var. intubus, Godwin-
PAUBLETU MN Rie. = oe 165
var. tubulus, Godwin-
PASE ee, sco 0 5% 165
var. tortuosa, Godwin-
PURE CTA raat scan 3 165
4, chrysalis, Pfetffer...... 165
5. luyorensis, Godwin-
52712 ON a 166

|

Page
6. miriensis, Godwin-
YNOESHA GE Coe OCDE 167
7. oakesi, Godwin-Austen . 167
8, pachysiphon, Theobald §
SLOMCZRG swe ve 167
9, shimangensis, Godtwin-
Be Le eee eee Chote 68
10. yamneyensis, Godwin-
SARIRT CID Spats py aie shee 168
Gen. 4. Schistoloma, Kobelt 168
1. funiculatum, Sowerby .. 169
2, pauperculum, Sowerby 170
3. sectilabrum, Gould .... 170
4, tanychilum, Godwin-
TETSU ON Aa COBO E 171
Gen. 5. Tortulosa, Gray ...... 172
Subgen. 1. Eucataulus, Kobelt 172
1. albescens, Blanford.... 172
DP AUTGy EFCUPED 1. « «sie, see 175
8. austeniana, Benson .... 174
4, blanfordi, Dohrn....... 174
5, caleadensis, Blanford .. 175
6: colletti, Sykes ....5... 176
7. congener, Sykes ...... 177
8. connectens, Fulton .... 177
9. costulata, Blanford .... 177
10. cumingi, Pfeiffer ...... 178
11. decora, Benson: .....-.- 179
12. duplicata, Pfeiffer 179
13. eurytrema, Pfeiffer .... 180
14. greeni, Sykes .......-. 180
var. robusta, Fulton .. 181
15. hemastoma, Pfeiffer 181
16. layardi, Pfeifer 2... 182
7. marginata, Pfeiffer .... 183
var. crenulata, Fulton. 183
var. notata, Sykes .... 183
18. nevilli, Sykes ........ 184
var. flaveola, Fulton.. 184
19. nietneri, Nevill........ 184
var. caperata, Collett . 185
var. unicolor, Collett . 185
20. prestoni, Sykes........ 185
21. pyramidata, Pfeiffer .. 186
22. recurvata, Pfeiffer .... 186
23. rugosa, Fulton........ 187
DA SIMA eS KES) eae dns: 187
25. sykesi, Fulton ........ 188
26. templemani, Pfeiffer .. 188
27. thwaitesi, Pfeffer 189

x SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

Page
Subgen. 2. Tortulosa,Gray,s.s. 189
28. tortulosa, Chemnitz .... 190
Gen. 6. Pollicaria, Gould .... 190
1. gravida, Benson ...... 191
Sect..2) Pugnee .. 2-5... 192
Gen. 1. Pupina, Fignard . 192
Subgen. 1. Tylotoechus,
Kobelt § Mollendorff. 198
1. artata, Benson ........ 198
2. arula, "Benson Pte ees
3. blanfordi, Theobald .... 194
4. hungerfordiana, Nev ul . 194
5. imbricifera, Benson,... 195
6. limitanea, Godwin-
SA USECW Aer xe OO
7. nicobarica, Pfeffer .... 196
8. peguensis, Benson 197
9. tongupensis, Godwin-
PAUSLEN shagevary fs cters ae OY
Subfam. 3 . Alyceine Sanya: oe Lge
Gen. ik Dio. Benson een LOS
1. amphora, Benson...... 198
2. teddenianus, Theobald . 199
3. globulosus, Godwin-
vAaUeten® qewwactses ns 00,
4, labrirubidum, Godwin-
PAUSECIE. a5 or ee 00)
5. pingoungensis, Godwin-
AVS CH a ey nO)
G. urceolus, Godwin-
SANISUCTU MRA Avo stele soo AOL
7. urnula, Benson ...... 201
var. ‘elobosa, Copan m=
JNO 5900000 BOC 202
var. anghamiensis,
Godwin-Austen.... 202
var. daflaensis, Godwin-
PANUISTON, ae 203
w. pisun, Godwin-
AUS Wie er tesie 205
8. varius, Godwin- Austen . 204
Gen. 2. Alyceus, Gray ...... 204
Subgen. 1. Alycwus, Gray, s.s. 204
1. anonymus, Godwin-
FAG “5 ga ag cacao BOS

Page
barowliensis, Godwin-
Austen. sarees a LOO

beddomei, Godwin-
Austen Menai LUO
blanfordi, Godwin-
Austen’ eine:
burti, Godwin-Austen . .
var. yetaiensis, Godwin-
VAUSUCI ae Oe
chanjukensis, Godwin-
AUsten since ope
conicus, Godwin-

de

Austen? si... aeete 20S

var. nana, Godwin-

Austen: 2 vets US
8. dikrangensis, Godwin-

VAN SLOT re rcs oA,
9. kamakiaensis, Godwin-

Ariaten ace eset ele,
10. levis, Godwin-Austen .. 209
11, logtakensis, Godwin-

Arsen erie : Oke
12. lohitensis, Godwin-

Austen® 2s ead 210
13. magnus, Godwin-Austen, 210
14. margarita, Theobald .. 211
15. mundulus, Godwin-

Austonare eee te
16. nattoungensis, Godwin-

Austen's jcc tose ean 212
17. nowgongensis, Godwin-

EGET, o05000000C 213
18. oglei, Godwin-Austen.. 212
19. panggianus, Godwin-

JAAD. ‘ga90600° ols
20, perplexus, Godwin-

Aiea writin oe
21. politus, Blanford...... 214
22. pusillus, Godwin-

AAESECOIY s icicatranouichiel si shee 215
23. pyramidalis, Benson .. 216
24, reinhardti, Mérch .... 216
25, rotundatus, Godwin-

Arsen asap Gos IG
26. rubinus, Godwin-

VASO tg Gesa ao Oke
27. sculpturus, Godwin-

Atisten Aneel «se alo
28, serratus, Godwin-

PAUS UCT Teer ir .. 219
29. sibbumensis, Godwin-

PANsten hea o. soke
30. sylheticus, Godwin-

ADISLET sis Sens ; 220

ol.
32.

33.
34.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

Page

vesica, Godwin-Austen .
vestitus, Blanford ....
var. akyabensis,
Godwin-Austen ....
vuleani, Blanford
yamneyensis, Godiin-
Austen

Subgen. 2. Chamalyceeus, Kobelt

--
ol.

§ Mollendor ff

aborensis, Godwin-Austen
andamanie, Benson... .
bhutanensis, Godwin-
SARESL CIMT cane Seo a os
brahma, Godwin- Austen.
busbyi, Godwin-Austen .
canaliculus, Godwin-
PAUSTCN On eee acs
davisi, Godwin-Austen .
distinetus, Godwin-
SANG al cig oP EE
edei, Godwin- Austen
inflatus, Godwin- Austen.
ingrami, Blanford .

. macgregori, Godwin-

Austen
montanus, Nevill ......

. hagaensis, Godwin-

Austen
nitidus, Blanford......
omissus, Godewin-

Austen
phiysis; Benson’. 0... %
sandowayensis, Godwin-

Austen
sculptilis, Benson......
stoliczkai, Godwin-

CANtSTC)Is kesbyon: shin
strigatus, Godwin-

PANES Tm tenes ios eel oes
subinflatus, Godwin-

Va WAG he ace & Acoma
umbonalis, Benson

Subgen. 3. Dicharax, Kobelt §

Molle ndorff

armillatus, Benson ....
asaluensis, Godwin-
BAAESHON Weer cacis ote lcis ave S
ataranensis, Godwin-
EARUSGOID Pa inehk take: oie
WV Ss LAN FOPAS ois os.
hierenatus, Godwin-
Austen

aj jo (e'le| aim, © 0 04s,

22()
220

221
22)

see)

“<<

223

223

23

224
224
225

225
226
226
227
227

228

229

ane

229

236
236

yar

-VOl

237

238

238

65.
64.

w

65.

66. crenatus,Godwin-A usten.

67.
68.

69.

70.

XI

Page

bifrons, Theobald ......
birngosus, Godwin-
Austen
var minor, Godwin-
EAUSLEND reer aore
chennelli, Godwin-
VAWISTCTE MRT ac Ge
crenulatus, Benson ....
crispatus, Godwin-
PANUSCON A Mina Wemteiviols ys
var. makarse, Godivin-
EASE CI ie tat ee
var. minima, Godvwin-
Austen
var. rvwukensis,
Godwin-Austen ....
cucullatus, 7heobald
datlaensis, Godwin-
PA QUST ONG wean gat ©
dalingensis, Go win-
Austen
damsangensis, Godwin-
Austen
diagonius, Godwin-
Austen
digitatus, Blanford ....

5. dohertyi. Godwin-

LATEST gras actos forse
duorugosus, Godwin-
PAUSED MS tyadS teins! th

expatriatus, Blanford ..
footei, Blanford ......
gemma, Godwin- Austen.
gemmula, Benson ....

. glaber, Blanford ......
2. globulus, Godwin-A usten.

habiangensis, Godwin-
EAL TISC) Lane PAIS ok

hebes, Benson

humilis, Blanford

. jJaintiacus, Godwin-

ANISHCNE eat ee
var. crassa, Godwin-
VASLEN ater Inia aie
khasiacus, Godwin-
VDE GY OR ean eee
kezamaensis, Godwin-
BADUSTCIL eye nie ysteusse«

kurzianus, 7heohald
lectus, Godwin- Austen
lenticulus, Godewin-
CAQUSELI UME ee Ue es
multirugosus, Godwin-
Austen

239
239
240
240
24]

242

xi

SYSPEMATIC INDEX.

Page
93. mutatus,Godwin-Austen. 260
94. neglectus, Godwin-
ZALSLO7 nen Jaa geOll
95. nougtungensis, Godwin-
TOIMAL: da ob bp 086 261
96. notatus, Godwin- Austen. 262
97. notus, Godwin-Austen . 262
98. obscurus, Godwin-
LOTAD 66.3 00.66 soe 2108)
99. ochraceus, Godwin-
Austen ne eee Oo
100. pachitaensis, Godawin-
Austen sipieies Oe
101. peilei, Preston ...... .. 264
102. plectochilus, Benson 264
103. polygonoma, Blanford . 265
104. prosectus, Benson .... 266
105. rechilaensis, Godwin-
NOVA cla caneeade 267
106. richthoteni, Blanford .. 268
107. rugosus, Godwin-
LAD SLCIUE ee Recor cts 26
108. strangulatus, Pfedffer 269
109. stylifer, Benson =..... 269
110. subeulmen, Godwin-
Vie eyes 270
Lil, subhumilis, Millendorff. 271
112. suecineus, Blanford.... 271
118. teriaensis, Godwin-
Austen ee ou NAN ea eet
114. theobaldi, Blanford. 272
var. solida, Godwin-
AUSTEN ae antec 273
var. diyungensis,
Godwin- Austen, ... 274
115. toruputuensis, Godwin-
VELOC: oe oid oOo 274
116. woodthorpei, Godzwin-
Austen ten ae ee
Subgen. 4. Cycloryx, Godwin-
Austen es aca 5 eS
117. bembex, Benson ...... 275
118. burrailensis, Godwin-
PAMSLCI etn se teres 276
119. burroiensis, Godwin-
FARTSTCT mena Pere!
120. constrictus, Benson .... 2
121. costatus, Godwin-
Arist Cnn meer 278
122. difficilis, Godwin-
AUSECN Meriter ener . 208
23. elegans, Godwin-
Anistenh meee 5 269)

Page
124. generosus, Godwin-
AMWHTO” Boagonkos 279
125. granum, Godwin-Austen. 279
126. graphiarius, Godwin-
DAUSTEIUN = ese . 280
127. graphicus, Blanford .. 280
var. dihingensis, God-
win-Austen ...... 281
var.variabilis, Godwin-
Austen. hee COL
128. khunhoensis, Godwin-
Austen: cine eo
129. mangutensis, Godwin-
Austen cn oe:
130. multicostatus, Godwin-
APMED, 25500 ; . 282
131. otiphorus, Benson 285
132. paucicostatus, Godwin-
WAUSECN a! Me tocacaiekes . 283
133. spratti, Godwin-Austen . 284
134. summus, Godwin-A usten 284

Subgen. ¢

5. tenellus, Godwin- Austen 2

thompsoni, Godwin-
VAUURAIO. By 403 21580

5, Raptomphalus,
” God win-Austen....

137. akhaensis, Godwin-Austen

139.

140.
141.
142,
145.

138. commutatus, Godwin-
ZAUISUCIO ee we
duoculmen, Godwin-
SAHISEETO Taree tn o)s exci oe
kentungensis, Godwin-
JOKYGAR nag G6-00'C c
lahupaensis, (Grodwin-
INT AG 35,.6.0.0°0.5 0.0
luyorensis, Godwin-
JARS: Soooe6 600c
magnificus, Godwin-
mAreatel ea et ert ca

144.

145.

muspratti,Godwin- Austen :

oakesi, Godwin- Austen .

Suse: 4. Diplommatine . .

\ Gene cf WNicds, Blanford ....

She

OO I Op Or i

anamullayana, Leddome.
catathymia, Sykes

ceylanica, Beddome....
delectabilis, Preston ..
fairbanki, Blanford....
kingiana, Blanford ....
Jankaensis, Preston ....
liricineta, Blanford....

SYSTEMATIC INDEX,

Page
9. nilgirica, Blanford .... 298
10. nitidula, Blanford .... 294
11. pedronis, Beddome .... 294
12. prestoni, Sykes........ 295
13. pulneyana, Blanford .. 295
14. subovata, Beddome.... 295
Gen, 2, Opisthostoma, Blan-
ford We asain is 208
1. deccanense, Beddome .. 296
2. distortum, Beddome.... 297
3. fairbanki, Blanford.... 298
4. macrostoma, Blanford.. 299
5. nilgiricum, Blanford 300
Gen. 3. Diplommatina, Benson. 301
Subgen. 1. Diplommatina,
Sr BUC tac a OUR
1. acutula, Godwin-Austen 301
2. affinis, Theobald ...... 302
D. ambigua, Godwin- Austen 302
4, angulata, Theobald §
SLONGERG, csoens. O02
5, austeni, Blanford. . 3038
6. blanfordiana, Benson 304
7. burti, Godwin-Austen.. 305
8. butleri, Godwin-Austen . 305
9. chennelli, Godwin-
CAMUBSEET. fos cis wai ae 2 OOO
10. commutata, “Godwin-
ANSECT eis ses sine ers 306
11. convoluta, Godwin-
JAGGED. GoanoGu0oc 307
12. costulata, Benson...... 307
13. crispata, Stolczka 308
14. daflaensis, Godwin-
PAQUSECIO ise et ieier ets. - 309
15. decorosa,Godwin-Austen 309
16, depressa, Godwin-Austen 310
17. diplochilus, Benson . 311]
18. domuncula, Godwin-
Austen Wei ene veners 31]
19. edentula, Godwin-Austen 312
20. elongata,G@odwin-Austen 312
21. exilis, Blanford ...... 313
22. exserta, Godwin- Austen. 514
2B ANNES. TRAV FG One 5 calle!
24, folliculus, Pfeiffer .... 314
25. frumentum, Preston. 315
26. garoensis, Godwin-. Austen 315
27. gibberosa, Godwin-Austen 316
28, gibbosa, Blanford .... 316
29. godwini, Méllendorff .. 317

30).

dl,
32. huttoni, Pfeiffer

xlil

Page

henzadaensis, Godwin-
PAU SUCTUMM ase sic care ois
homei, Godwin-Austen .

33. jaintiaca, Godwin- Austen

34.

jatingana, Godwin- Austen

35. labiosa, Blanford.....

36.
37. winima, Beddome
38. munipurensis,

levigata, Godwin-Austen
Godwin-
Austen

39. nana, Blanford......

40. nicobarica, Godwin-
A LEBUETE Vara kettte tas oe
var. _battemalvensis,

41.

42.

Godwin- Austen
oligopl-uris, Blanford. .
oviformis, Fulton......

43. pachychilus, Benson

44.

45.
46.

parvula, Godwin-Austen
polypleuris, Benson... .
pullula, Lenson

alereele

47. pupetormis, Theobald .

48.
49,

50.
Sle

52.
54.
dD).
56.

D7.
5s.
59.

60.
61.

62.

63,

Subgen. 2

64. compacta, Godwin-Austen 3
distincta, Godwin-Austen 3
doherty i, Godwin-Austen 3
67. japvoensis,

65.
66.

puppensis, Blanford ..
regularis, Fulton .....
richthofeni, Theobald
Stoliczk@ tn ~ 2
saltuensis, Godwin-
INOKUAD Boson ba
salwiniana, Theobald .
sealaria, Blanford ....
scalaroidea, Theobald ..
semiscnlpta, Blenford. .
sherfaiensis, Godwin-
Austen
silyicola, Godwin-. Austen
sperata, Blanfird
succinea, Godwin-Austen
theobaldi, Godwin-
BAR US LOT er. eao. Stns
tumida, Godwin-A usten.,
var. abdita, Gude....
var. laisenensis, Gude.
ungculata, Blanford....
venustula, Godwin-
PAISEEIU varsrere sic ;

Metadiancta, JZ0/-
lendorff

Godiwin-
Austen

318
318
319
320
320
321
322

325

325
o24

B24

325
325
326
327
327
328

29

Fsy510)
9907
Ore
o>
fe Oi
338

290
DID

XIV SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page Page

68. khunhoensis, Godzwin- | Gen. 9. Realia, Gray ........ 358
Austen ovees sins CEL

i 1. decussata, Blanford.... 3858

yar. minor, Godwin- : es
Se 349 | 2, pallida, Blanford...... 359

69. Japillus, Godwin-Austen. 342 —
70. miriensis,Gudwin-Austen 342

= ny . | iy A hae A 2
71. mucronata, G'odwin- | Fam. 9. TRUNCATELLIDZ ..., 360
CARCI: Re eo Oa .
72. nengloensis, Godwin- | Gen. 1. Truncatella, Risso.... 360
Austen’ ees oto : :
‘ 1. ceylanica, Pfeiffer .... 360

73. perobesa, Preston...... d+
74. thomsoni, Godwin-Austen 344

~ ‘ “Oe wie ‘ 2} ‘ A ea Th »
Subgen, 3. Sinica, Mollendorff . 544 Fam, 3. ASsIMINEIDH ...... 361

75. animula,Goudwin-Austen 845 | Gen. 1. Acmella, Blanford.... 361
76. canarica, Beddome .... 845

77. carneola, Stoliczka .... 346 1. hyalina, Theobald &

78. delicata, Godwin-Austen 346 ISROUKGIAC 06 on be pe oll

79. gracilis, Beddome .... 347 | 2. mellilla, Godwin-Austen 361

80. subrubclla, Godwin- 3. milium, Benson ...... 362
OIG, ob oncoaues Gill 4, moreletiana, Nevill .... 362

81. subtilis, Godwin- Austen. 348 5. roepstortiana, Nevill .. 362

82. unicrenata, Godwin- G. tersa, Benson ........ 368

MAnisteny seo O18

Gen. 4. Gastroptychia, Kobelt § ,; *
Mollendorf’........ 849 Sub-order 2. RHIPIDOGLOSSA.

. insignis, Godwin-Austen 349 ee
1. insignis, Godwin-Austen 3 Fam. 1, Henicinip@........ 864

Gen. 5. Clostophis, Benson.... 350 on
Eee! Gen. 1. Helicina, Lamarck.... 3864
1. sankeyi, Benson ...... 350 :
Subgen. 1, Sulfurina, Modlen-

Gen. 6. Otopoma, Gray ...... 351 Ca |e Mercier Boho 2105s
1. hinduorum, Blanford .. 351 1. behniana, Pfeiffer .... 3864

2. bensoni, Wagner ...... 3865

Gen. 7. Cyclotopsis, Blanford. . 352 3. zelebori, Pfeiffer ...... 365

5 eae) R var.amphibola, Wagner 366
1. montana, Pfeiffer .... 352 | P :
2. semistriata, Sowerby .. 303 |

2. or Maa Tt. wh dent
3. spurea, Grateloup .... 393 | Subgen. 2. Aphanoconia, Sie
4. subdiscoidea, Sowe: by... 854 | Wagner’.2 Secnion 366
= Aas ° Qrr
i SAM, JOHOR acacncce BD : Ste.
OES sew, 4, andamanica, Benson .. 366
: : a oe 5. arakanensis, Blanford .. 367
Gen. 8. Omphalotropis, Pfeifer. . 855 ” ape : BYE
e(eaiet ONO pis cys Fises| 6. dunkeri, Zelebor ...... 368
1. andersoni, Blanford .. 856 7. gratulata, Sowerby .... 368
: Qr 2 > 1 ay Ps ah YR
2. aurantiaca, Deshayes .. 356 8. merguiensis, Pfeiffer .. 368
2 . . ore q wi aT Df53 457 oR
3. brevis, Godwin-Austen . 39% 9. nicobarica, Pfeiffer .... 369
4. distermina, Benson .... 857 10. rogersi, Bourne ...... 369
5. sordida, Frauenfeld.... 358 1]. scrupulum, Benson .... 370

Family CYCLOPHORID.

Subfamily CYCLOPHORIN &.

Genus LEPTOPOMA, Pfeiffer.

Leptopoma, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 108; id., Mon.
Pneum, 1852, p. 101; Adams, Genera Recent Moll. ii, 1855,
p. 281; Chenu, Man. Conehyl. i, 1860, p. 487; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 127; Fischer, Man. Conchyl.. 1885,
p- 743; Sarasin, Land-Moll. Celebes, 1899, p- 15; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902, p. 4.

Typr, Cyclostoma vitrea, Lesson.

Range. Southern Asia, Malaysia, Philippines, New Guinea,
Melanesia.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, globose-turbinate or conical,
thin, often translucent. Peristome simple—occasionally double—
generally reflexed, sometimes straight, usually interrupted on the
penultimate whorl, but somtimes connected by a thin callus.
Operculum membranaceous, closely whorled, flat.

Subgenus LEPTOPOMA, Pfeiffer (s. s.).
Leptopoma (as subgenus), Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 4.

Typx, Cyclostoma vitrea, Lesson.

Range. Ceylon, Malaysia, Formosa, New Guinea, Melanesia.

Shell conical or globose-turbinate, thin, generally with brown
bands on a white ground.

Only two species are known from Ceylon, none from the Indian
Peninsula.

1. Leptopoma semiclausum, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma semiclausum (Leptopoma), Pfeiffer, P. Z.S. 1854, p. 302.

Leptopoma semiclausum, Pfeitler, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. iF 1858,
p- 70; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, 1 6, fig. 36 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 2; H. Nevill,
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p- 5; “Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, P. 37; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 281; Sykes, Journ. Malae. vii, 1899, p. 26 ; Kobelt, Conch. -Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1902, p. 446, pl. 5d, fig. 9:

Leptopoma (Leptopoma) semiclausum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. 1897, p. 79; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 7;
Kobelt, Das 'Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 14.

Original description :—*C. testa perforata, globoso-turbinata,
tenuiuscula, striis obliquis et spiralibus minute decussata, albida,
B

2 CYCLOPHORID &.

flammis latis angulosis fusco-viridibus et fasciis inframedianis
nonnullis saturatioribus picta ; spira elata, turbinata, acutiuscula ;
anfr. 5 convexis, rapide accrescentibus ; apertura obliqua, fere
circulari; perist. duplice: interno expansiusculo, incumbente,
externo rectangule patente, ad perforationem reflexo, eam fere
claudente.—Opere. virenti-fulvum.

‘“* Diam. maj. 13, min. 10, alt. 10 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab, Ceylon (Thwaites, H, Nevill).

2. Leptopoma taprobanensis, Preston.

Leptopoma taprobanensis, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, 1909, p. 187,
pl. 22, fig. 4.

Original description :—“ Shell pyramidal, white, painted with
broad reddish brown flame markings; whorls 43, convex, the
apical whorls uniformly reddish brown, smooth, the remainder
sculptured throughout with spiral lire ; sutures deeply impressed;
base of shell convex; umbilicus moderately broad; peristome
continuous, single, reflexed, white; aperture circular.

“ Alt. 65; diam. major 6°25; aperture alt. 2°5, diam. 2°5 mm.”
(Preston.)

Hab, Ceylon.

Subgenus TROCHOLEPTOPOMA, Kobelt § Mollendorff.

Trocholeptopoma, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 80; id. Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 8; Kohelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 17.

Typn, Cyclostoma helicoides, Grateloup.

Range. Burma, Andamans, Ceylon, Farther India, Malaysia,
New Guinea.

Shell more or less trochoid-turbinate, generally with distinet
spiral sculpture, frequently variegated ; last whorl compressed,
angulated, or keeled.

3. Leptopoma apicatum, Benson.

Leptopoma apicatum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xviii, 1856,
95; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 73; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 6, fig. 83; H. Nevill.
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobala,
Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, fig.1; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 37; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 281; Sykes,
Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 27.

Leptopoma ( Trocholeptopoma) apicatum, Kobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 80; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 8;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 18; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridag, i, 1902, p. 446, pl. 55, fig. 10.

Original description :—‘ Testa subobtecte perforata, globoso-
conica, tenui, oblique striatula, sublente spiraliter confertim
striata, albida, interdum flammulis et fascia unica infra peri-

LEPTOPOMA. 3

pheriam angulatam ornata, sutura profunda; spira conica, apice
saturate castaneo-nigrescente, acutiusculo; antractibus 44 con-
vexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtuse angulato; apertura
obliqua, rotundata; peristomate duplici, interiori expansiusculo
marginibus callo junctis, exteriori breviter expanso; margine
columellari reflexo perforationem fere occultante.

‘** Diam. major 104, min. 9, axis 9 mill.”

Hab. Ceylon (2. Layard, H. Nevill).

“This Leptopoma may be distinguished from any of the varieties
of Z. vitreum by its angular periphery, dark apex, more convex
whorls, deeper suture, double peristome and parietal callus, as well
as by the reflexion of the columellar lip over the perforation, and
of the narrow lip above it. It is deficient also in the angular
projection observable on the lower part of the same lip in that
species.” (Benson.)

4. Leptopoma aspirans, Benson.

Leptopoma aspirans, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 229;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 72; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862,

_ Leptopoma, pl. 4, fig. 18; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 144;
xxxiv, 1865, p. 97; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6,
fig. 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37; Nevill,
Hand List,i, 1878, p. 280*, var. major; Mollendorff, J. A.S. B. ly,
1886, p. 309 ; id., P. Z.S. 1891, p. 341.

Leptopoma ( Trocholeptopoma) asptrans, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 80; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 8;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 19; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1906, p. 465, pl. 57, figs. 17, 18.

Original description :—* Testa perforata, globoso-conica, acumi-
nata, tenui, translucente, oblique et spiraliter exilissime striata,
lineis elevatis 6 spiralibus, squidistantibus, superne munita,
albido-cornea, fasciis fuscis vel strigis angulatis castaneis ornata ;
spira acuminato-conica, sutura impressa, apice acutiusculo; an-
fractibus 53 convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam carinato, subtus
lzviori; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, peristomate tenui, hori-
zontaliter breviter patente, marginibus callo tenui junctis,
columellari leviter emarginato, operculo ut in genere.

“Diam. major 11, minor 9, alt. 12 mill., apert. 64 mill.
longa.”

Hab. Burma: ,Tenasserim Valley (Theobald); Tongoop, Arakan
(Ingram); Arakan Hills (Blanford, Kurz); Bassein, Pegu;
Long Island, Bassein River (Slanford). India: Khasi Hills,
Assam (Godwin-Austen). Perak: Bukit Pondong (Zownsend,
Hungerford).

“In form it most nearly approaches ZL. vitreum, Qu., but has a
more acuminate spire. Its sculpture has greater resemblance to
that of the more globose and depressed Bornean species, ZL. seri-
catum, Pfr. The smaller specimens have a more conical and
trochiform appearance than the larger ones.” (Benson.)

B2

4 CYCLOPHORID&.

5. Leptopoma elatum, Pfeiffer.

Leptopoma elatum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, a 146
(nom. nud.); id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, D. S2raide
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 117; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855,
p- 281; Reeve, Conch, Icon. xiil, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 1, fig. 3;
lal Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, por Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, fig. 2; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 281 ; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 281; Sykes,
Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 26.

Cyclostoma elatum, Pfeiffer, P.Z. S. 1852, p. 159; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. "246, pl. 82, figs. 16, 17.

Leptopoma (Tr ocholeptopoma) elatum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 80; at soak Pneum. 1899, p. 33
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902, p. 2

Original description :—* C. testa eae conica, tenuiuscula,
oblique striata, lineis spiralibus, distantibus, elevatis sublente
munita, vix diaphana, albida ; spira conica, acutiuscula ; anfr. 54
parum convexis, ultimo convexiore, subacute carinato, basi con-
fertius reticulato; umbilico angustissimo non pervio; apertura
diagonali, truncato-ovali ; perist. simplice, marginibus distantibus,
eequilatis, angulatim patentibus, columellari subangustato.—Opere.?

“Diam. maj. 114, min. 10, alt. 103 mill.” (Pfecffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Mus. Cum.; H. Nevill).

6. Leptopoma immaculatum, Chemnitz.

Turbo immaculatus, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. ix, part 2, 1786, pp. 2,
57, pl. 128, fig. 1063.

Cyclostoma immaculatum, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1846,
Pp: 22, pleo,tigad 5 plid, fig sapld, Hes. 23, 24; pl. 16, fig. 9.
Leptopoma immaculatum, Pfeiffer, Zeits, Malak. iv. 1847, p. 108;
Gray, Cat. Cyclophoride, 1850, p. 25; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852,
p: 105; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 74; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. li, 1855, p. 281; Moreh, Journ. Conchyl. xx,
1872; p. 09; ad., Op. cit. sodv, 1876, p- 361; Pfeiffer, “Malak.
Blatt. xxiv, 1877, p. 48; Kobelt in Semper, Reisen Philipp. Teil 2
iv, part 2, 1886, p. 49, pl. 7, figs. 8-5 ; Godwin-Austen, Proc, Zool.

Soc. 1895, p- 452.

Leptopoma (Der matocera ?) immaculatum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) immaculatum, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 81; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 9; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. O4,

Turbo levis, ‘Wood, Index Test. Suppl. 1828, p. 18, ‘Dl. 6, fig. 5.

Cyclostoma leve, Wood, Index Test. Suppl. 1828, p- 36; “Sowerby,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p- 63; id., Thes. Conch. 1, 1843, p. 1388,
pl. 29, figs. 220-222 Adams & Reeve, Voy. Samarang, 1848,
p. 57, pl. 14, fie. 3.

Cyclostoma maculata, Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. n.s. vi, 1838
p- 68, pl. 28, fig. 87.

Leptopoma maculatum, Hidalgo, Journ. Conchyl. xxxvi, 1888, p. 88.

Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) maculatum, Mollendorff, ’Abh. Naturf,
Ges, Gorlitz, xxii, 1898, p. 169; id. reprint, p. 144,

LEPLOPOMA. 5

Cyclostoma maculosa, Souleyet, Revue Zool. iv, 1842, p. 101;
Kydoux & Souleyet, Voy. Bonite, ii, 1852, p. 539, pl. 30, figs. 38-
41.

Dermatocera maculosa, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 282;
Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 78.

Cyclostoma azaolanum, Jay, Cat. Shells, Ed, 4, 1850, p. 254.

“'T. perforata, globoso-conica, tenuis, concentrice confertissime
lineata, diaphana, albida, seepe castaneo punctata et strigato-
maculata; spira conica, acuta; anfr. 54 convexi, ultimus superne
carinis nonnullis obsoletis, ad peripheriam carina 1 validiore
munitis, basi convexus; apertura vix obliqua, subcircularis ;
perist. tenue, undique late expansum, marginibus disjunctis,
columellari medio dilatato. umbilicum angustissimum, haud
pervium non occultante.—Opere. normale.—Diam. maj.17, min. 14,
alt. 12 mill, Ap. intus 9 mill. longa.” ( Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Kachal, Nicobars. Philippines.

=

Leptopoma roepstorfianum, Nevill.

Leptopoma roepstorfianum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 280 ; Godwin-
* Austen; P.Z.S. 1875, p. 452.
Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) roepstorfianum, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 81; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 9; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 29.
Original description :— Like L. aspirans, but more globose and
swollen ; apparently smooth and polished, but under the lens

Fig. 1.—Leptopoma roepstorfianum. (X 2.)

closely spirally somewhat absolutely [? obsoletely | striated ; um-
bilicus less open: aperture more effused, margin at base sub-
angulate, not rounded, either uniformly white or beautifully
marked—‘ zebra-like.’” (WVevill.)

Hab. Andaman Islands (de Roepstorf); Port Blair (Godwin-
Austen).

In addition to the type Nevill indicates, l.c. p. 281, “ var.
nicobarica, Martens,” but he gives no description, and I have been
unable to trace the name in any of von Martens’ articles.

Presumably this form is from the Nicobar group, but Nevill
does not state this. Kobelt in ‘ Das Tierreich’ indicates the
Nicobars for the species, probably on the strength of the name.

6 CYCLOPHORID#.

Godwin-Austen (J. c.) states that he found in Nevill’s MS. copy
of the ‘Hand List’ the varieties gigantea and albida—no
description of either is given—the former from Port Blair and
the latter from the same locality as well as from the “* Brothers.”

The species is now illustrated for the first time from a specimen
in the British Museum.

Genus JAPONIA, Gould.

Japonia, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vi, 1859, p. 426
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 34.

Typ, (1st species) Cyclostoma barbata, Gould (non C. barbatum,
Pfeiffer).

Range. South China, Japan, Southern Asia, Malaysia, Philip-
pines, New Guinea, New Hebrides, Fiji Islands, New Zealand.

Shell small, narrowly umbilicated, turbinate, spirally striated,
covered with a brownish periostracum, in young specimens fre-
quently hairy ; peristome thickened, provided at the suture with
a more or less distinct notch. Operculum flat, thin, many-whorled.
Animal similar to that of Cyclophorus, but the foot furnished with
a slime-pore above. Radula as in Cyclophorus.

Subgenus LAGOCHILUS, Blanford (em.).
Lagocheilus, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 452.
Lagochilus, s. str., Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 82; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 10 (as subgenus of
Lagochilus); Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 80 (as
subgenus of Japonia).

Typp, Cyclophorus scissimargo, Benson.

Range. From India to the Philippines.

Original description :—“ Testa anguste umbilicata, turbinato-
conica, parva, spiraliter lirata, epidermide fusca (in exemplis
junioribus sa@pe hispidula) induta. Peristoma incrassatum,
superne ad angulam rima transverse breviter incisum. Oper-
culum planum, tenue, albidum.”

8. Japonia binoye, Sykes.
Cyclophorus binoye, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 4.
Japonia (Layochilus) binoyae, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 87; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1907, p. 526, pl. 66, fig. 3.
Original description :—‘ Closely related to C. vescus, but the
spiral striation is very much finer, the lines being more numerous
and closely set, the periostracum much stronger, being almost
scabrous; the shell is also more closely coiled, a specimen of 43
whorls measuring only: alt. 3, diam. 5 mm.” (Sykes.)
Hab. Ceylon: Binoya, Ambagamuwa (Collett).

JAPONIA, 7

9. Japonia daflaensis, Go/win- Austen.

Lagocheilus daflaensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1918,
p. 575, text-fig. 3C

Original description :—* Shell elongately conoid, umbilicated ;
sculpture about ten fine lire, regularly disposed, crossed by fine
epidermal stria of growth; colour dark brown; spire, sides nearly
flat, apex fine; suture moderately impressed; whorls 6, sides
rounded, evenly increasing ; aperture circular, obtusely angulated
above ; peristome double, continuous, sinuate on outer margin,
with small nick at the suture.

“ Size (largest): major diameter 5-2, alt. axis 4:0 mm.”

Hab. India: Yoruputu, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

10. Japonia galathez, March.

Cyclophorus ( Craspedotropis) galathee, Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xx,
1872, p. 315; id., Vid. Meddel. ser. 3, iv, 1872, p. 22; id.,
Journ. Conchyl. xxiv, 1876, p. 361.

Loptopoma (err. typ.) galatheae, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877,
p. 148.

Leptopoma ? galatheae (Cyclophorus),Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1876, p. 128.

eae ae galathee + var. minor, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 283; Godwin-Austen, P. Z.S. 1895, p. 444.

Lagochilus (Lagochilus) galatheae, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1877, p. 83; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 11.

Japonia (Lagochilus) galatheae, Kobelt, Das ‘Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 43.

Original description: —*T. depresso-conica, perforato-umbilicata ;
anfr. 51 convexiusculi; sutura sat profunda, lineis acutis spirali-
bus in anfr. penult. cire. 10-12, in ultimo circiter 20, umbilicum
versus distantioribus et obsoletioribus; fasciis brunneis obliquis
subsigmoideis, suturam versus latioribus, umbilicum versus in-
trantibus. Strie incrementi, parum prominentes. Apertura
diagonalis, circularis, intus ccrulescens, peristomate breviter
expauso, duplice, interno albo, externo fusco, callo parietali ad
insertionem marginis superioris exciso.

“ Diam. maj. 6 mill.; axis 4 mill.; alt. max. 63 mill.; ap.
diam. 3 mill.” (Mérch.)

Hab. Nicobars: Borders of Galathea River (Reinhardt); Teressa,
Katchal, Kamorta (Roepstorf) ; Nicobars (Stoliczka.)

Moreh records a var. minor, measuring only 5 mm. in diameter,
from Katchal.

J. galathee is allied to J. roepstorfi, but the latter has more
distant, ciliated spiral lire, is more depressed, and has a wider
umbilicus.

The species has never been illustrated, and I have been unable
to find specimens in any collection to which I have had access.

ro) CYCLOPHORID &.

11. Japonia leporina, Blanford.

Cyclophorus (Lagocheilus) leporinus, Blanford, J. A.S,B. xxxiv,
1865, p. 82.

Cyclophorus leporinus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 125.

Lagocheilus leporinus, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, part 2, 1872, p. 269 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 54, pl. 155, fig. 2;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 387 ; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 282; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxvii, 1879, p. 203.

Lagochilus (Lagochilus) leporinum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 83; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 11.

Japonia (Lagochilus) leporina, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
meee 47 ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1, 1907, p. 530, pl. 66,

g. 12.

Original description :—* Shell narrowly umbilicated, conically
turbinate, thin, dark horny, and ornamented throughout with
oblique striz and with raised spiral lines, closer together at the
periphery and within the umbilicus than elsewhere. Spire conical,
apex rather acute. Whorls 53, rounded; the last cylindrical, not
descending. Aperture oblique, subcircular, angulate above ;
peristome simple, thickened, subexpanded, incised at the upper
angle; columellar margin curved backwards. Operculum horny,
greyish white, multispiral.

“¢ Major diameter 4, minor 32 mill. ; axis 4 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Akoutong, Pegu (Blanford) ; Thyat Myo (Hunger-
ford).

“This form is allied to Cyclophorus scissimargo, Bens., and
C’. tomotrema, Bens...... The present species is smaller and
higher in the spire than either of the others. The animal of
C. leporinus is short, dark in colour, with small black tentacles,
and resembles ordinary Cyclophori in most characters. The only
specimen obtained living and examined, posssesed, however, the
peculiarity of a groove down the middle of the caudal portion of
the foot above.

“The peristome is simple in the only perfect adult specimen
which I possess, but in a broken barely adult shell, there is a
tudimentary duplication. The two lips are probably united in
the full grown shell.” (Blanford.)

12. Japonia malleata, Blanford.

Cyclophorus malleatus, W. T. & H.F. Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxx,
1861, p. 349, pl. 1, fig. 6; p. 364; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 71.

?Cyathopoma malleatum, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
p. 39, pl. 82, figs. 5, 6.

Leptopoma malleatum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides) malleatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

274

Lagochilus (Lagochilus) malleatum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 85; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 11.

Japonia (Lagochilus) malleata,: Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 48.

JAPONTA,. 9

Original description :-—** Testa anguste wnbilicata, trochiformis,
oblique striata, liris spiralibus supra et infra cincta, solidiuscula,
epidermide fusca induta, sub epidermide albida; spira conica,
apice acuta, sutura impressa. Anfr. 5 convexi; ultimus rotun-
datus in veteribus exemplis descendens et fere solutus. Apertura
parum obliqua, circularis, superne subangulata ; perist. rectum,
simplex, breviter adnatum, margine columellari recedente, dextro
supra antice porrecto. Operce. ?

* Diam. maj. 643, min. 54, axis 64, ap. diam. 3mm.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Shevroy Hills (King, Stoliczka}; Nilgiris (Blan-
ford); Kalryenmullies (Moote).

‘‘This appears to be a representative of the Cingalese group,
comprising Cyclophorus halophilus, Bens., C. orophilus, Bens.,
C. flammeus, Pfr., &e. It differs from all except C. orophilus and
C. conulus in being spirally lirate, and from these two in several
characters of spire, aperture, epidermis, &c.

*“Some specimens of the same or of a closely allied species
were found by one of us in Neddiwuttom Ghat on the Nilgiris.
They were, however, much smaller, the largest specimen procured
only measuring in its two diameters, 44 and 4 mm., axis 45.
A specimen of the same small form also occurs in Mr. Foote’s
collection from the Kalryenmullies.” (Blanford.)

13. Japonia oakesi, Godwin-Austen.

Lagocheilus oakest, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus, viii, 1918, p. 574,
text-fig, 3 A.

Original description :—‘* Shell turbinate, rather flattened on
base, rather openly umbilicated ; sculpture very fine close liration,
crossed with oblique lines of growth; colour umber-brown, with a
greenish tint, grey inside the aperture; spire high, conic, apex
fine; suture impressed; whorls 53, rounded, the last rather
flattened on the periphery; aperture ovate, obtusely angulate
above, oblique; peristome double, continuous ; columella margin
rather flat above, then suboblique, subangulate in outline.

“Size: major diameter 4°75, alt. axis4 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: Abor Hills (Oakes).

A small variety is figured on the same page as the type (text-
fig. 3B). It measures: major diam. 4, alt. axis 3°5 mm., has
the last whorl more rounded, and not quite so widely umbilicated.

14. Japonia occulta, Sykes.
Lagochilus occultus, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 28, pl. 2, fig. 6.
Japonia (Lagochilus) occulta, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

p. 49; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1907, p. 518, pl. 65, fig. 1.

Original description :—* Testa mediocriter et perspective umbili-
eata, elate turbinata, tenuiuscula. brunneo-cornea, spira bene
elevata; anfr. 44-5 convexi, sutura profunde impressa, periostraco
bene induti, lineis spiralibus (ultimus sex approx.) et transversis,
et setis sparsim notati, basi usque in umbilicum leviter lirati ;

10 CYCLOPHORID#.

apertura subcircularis, peristomate leviter incrassato, superne
leviter exciso. Alt. 2:5, diam. 4mm.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon: Ambegamua (Collett).

“The first species of the genus recorded from Ceylon. The
shell is clothed with a dense periostraeum, which forms transverse
and spiral lines, the latter having a few hairs scattered along them.
The notch is small but distinct.”

15. Japonia phayrei, Vheobald.

Jerdonia (?) phayrei, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870, p. 396 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 135, fig. 3.

Mychopoma phayret, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 39.

Cyclophorus phayret, Theobald, Op. cit., Addenda, p. i.

Lagochilus phayrei, Kobelt & Mollendorfi, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.

Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 180; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 98.
Japonia (Lagochilus) phayret, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 50.

Original description :— Testa parva, turbinata, perforata ; apice
exserto; anfractibus quinque, angulariter quadratis, convexe pla-
natis, bicarinatis: carina quaque plurimis setis regulariter radiatim
parumque sursum inclinatis armata, hae peripheriali, illa ad
suturam posita, in ultimo anfractu tantim carinis duabus solutis
apparentibus ; area circum umbiliacari duabus carinis filiformi-
bus circumdata, umbilicum valde profundum coarctantibus. Epi-
dermide vix scabriuscula, fusca, ad aperturam leviter striata.
Apertura subcireulari, integra, haud obliqua; peristomate prope
marginem superiorem breviter expanso. Diam. major °13, diam.
min. ‘10, alt. -12 une.” (3°25, 2°5, 3mm.] (Theobald.)

Hab. Shan States: Upper Salween Valley (Fedden).

16. Japonia polynema, March.

Cyclophorus (Craspedotropis) polynema, Morch, Journ. Conchyl.
xxlv, 1876, p. 361.

Loptopoma polynema, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877, p. 148.

Lagocheilus polynema, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Lagochilus (s.s.) polynema, Kobelt. & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 84; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 12.

Japonia (Lagochilus) polynema, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16
1902, p. 51.

Fig. 2.—Japonia polynema. (X 3.)

Original description :—* Differt a precidentibus [C. galathee
& C. roepstorfi| t. solidiore. opaca, liris confertissimis, alternatim
minoribus; flammis pallidioribus et irregularioribus. Diam.
6 mill. alt. 33.” (Mérch.)

JAPONIA. ial

This form may be distinguished from J. roepstorfi and J. gala-
thee by the thicker, non-transparent shell, with very close spiral
lire, alternating in thickness, and paler irregular flammules. The
specimen figured is in the British Museum. The species has not
hitherto been illustrated.

17. Japonia roepstorfi, Morch.

Cyclophorus (Craspedotropis) roepstorfi, Morch, Journ, Conchyl.
xxiv, 1876, p. 361.

Lagocheilus roepstorfi, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 283; Godwin-
Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 452.

Lagochilus (s.s.) roepstorfi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 84; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 12.

Japonia (Lagochilus) roepstorfi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 53.

Original description:—“ Differt a precedente [C. galathee] t.
liris remotioribus ciliatis, spira planiore et umbilico latiore.
Diam. 63 mill., alt. 4.” (Morch.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands: Kamorta (Roepstorf).

Fig. 3.—Japonia roepstorfi. (X 3.)

The species is now figured for the first time. The specimen is
from the Beddome collection, and measures: 6°5 mm. in diameter,
alt. (including aperture) 5 mm.

18. Japonia scissimargo, Benson.

Cyclophorus? scissimargo, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856,
p. 228; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 61.

Cyclophorus scissimargo, Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. 1], 11, 1860,
p- 144, pl. 37, figs. 19-21; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. 20, fig. 105.

Lagocheilus scissimargo, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p. 452; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 7;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 87; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 282; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxvii, 1879,
p. 203; Morlet, Journ. Conchyl. xxxvii, 1889, p. 152; P. Fischer,

2 CYCLOPHORID®.

Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, iv, 1891, p. 106; Dautzenbere &
Hi. Fischer, Journ. Conchyl. liii, 1905, p. 169, pl. 4, figs. 14, 15.
Lagocheilus (s.s.) scissimargo, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.

Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 84; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 12.
Japonia (Lagochilus) scissimargo, Kobelt, Das Vierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 53.

Original description: —* Testa umbilicata, globoso-turbinata,
sub epidermide corneo-albida, strigis distantibus angulatis picta,
radiato-striata, striis exilissimis et lineis elevatis remotis spiralibus,
his quidem ciliatis, cancellata; spira conica, sutura profunda,
apice obtusiusculo, nigrescente ; antractibus 5 convexis; apertura
obliqua, subcirculari, superne leviter angulari, peristomate
duplici, exteriori et interiori acutis, suleo separatis, margine
columellari emarginato, parietali adnato, superne breviter anguste
inciso; umbilico profundo, anguste perspectivo. Operculo ts

*“ Diam. major 7, minor 54, alt. 7 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Phaie Than, Tenasserim (Vheobald); Cambodia
(Pavie); Tonkin (Messager).

“This little species, which has some affinity to C. triliratus, Pfr.,
is singular on account of the incision which appears in the
parietal margin near its junction with the right lip, a feature not
observed in any other species of the Cyclostomacea. It is with
some hesitation therefore that, in the absence’ of an operculum,
I reter it to Cyclophorus, although the general habit of the shell
bears out the location.” (Benson.)

19. Japonia sikhimensis, Godwin-Austen.

Lagocheilus sikhimensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. viii, 1918, p. 575
text-fig. 3 D.

]

Original description :— Shell openly umbilicated, turbinate,
subturreted ; sculpture, about 7 lire on the peripheral part of the
whorl, about 3 below, 5 can be seen within the umbilicus, none on
the flatter part next the suture; colour umber-brown; spire
fairly high, apex small; suture open ; whorls 53, tumid ; aperture
circular, obtusely angulate above; -peristome double, narrow, con-
tinuous; columella margin subvertical.

“Size: major diameter 5:0, alt. axis 3°O mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Rishetchu, Sikhim ( W. Robert).

20. Japonia tomotrema, Benson.

Cyclophorus ? tomotrema, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,
p. 206; Theobald, J. A. 8S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 318; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 50; Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 76.

Cyclopherus (Lagocheilus) tomotrema, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 3, 1875, pp. 122, 409.

Lagochetlus tomotrema, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p- 452; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 8;
Stoliezka, J. A. 8. B. xli, 1872, part 2, p. 269; Godwin-Austen,
Op. cit. xlv, 1876, part 2, p. 174; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit,

JAPONTA. 13

India, 1876, p. 87; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 282; Crosse,
Journ. Conchyl. xxvii, 1879, p. 203.
Lagochilus (s. 8.) tomotrema, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 84; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 12.
Japonia (Lagochilus) tomotrema, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 56; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1907, p. 531,
pl. 66, fig. 15. :

Original description :—‘* Testa anguste umbilicata, turbinato-
pyramidali, radiato-striatula, liris elevatis spiralibus plurimis,
nonnullis majoribus, munita, fusco-cornea; spira conica, apice
obtusiusculo albido, sutura bene impressa ; anfractibus 5 convexis,
ultimo subearinato; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, livida, supra
angulata ; persistomate duplici, interiori continuo, expansiusculo,

superne ad angulum inciso, exteriori expanso, dilatato. Opere.
?

“ Diam. 54, axis d mill.” (Benson.)
Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Theobald) ; Darjeeling
(Stoliczka) ; Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen) ; Naga Hills (Jtoberts).

21. Japonia vesca, Sykes.

Cyclophorus vescus, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 29, pl. 2, fig. 3.

Japonia (Lagochilus) vesca, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 58; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1, 1907, p. 525, pl. 66,
figs. 1, 2.

Original description :— Testa mediocriter umbilicata, depresso-
turbinata, solidula, brunneo-cornea, ad suturam et usque ad
peripheriam maculis castaneis picta, periostraco levissime induta,
apice obtusulo, sutura valde impressa ; anfr. 44-5, sat rapide
acerescentes, convexi, primi fere leves, reliqui spiraliter striati,
lineis incrementibus leviter notati; apertura subcircularis, su-
perne angulata, persistomate leviter incrassato, reflexiusculo ;
operculum corneum, tenue, multispirale. Alt. 5°75, diam.
105 mm.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon :. Ambagamuwa (Collett).

Var. a. “ Minor, pallidior. Alt. 4, diam. 8 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

The shell is stated to be of the ordinary turbinate form, marked
with spiral lines which become less conspicuous on the last whorl.
A specimen in the Beddome collection measures 12 mm. in
diameter.

22. Japonia warnefordiana, (7. Nevill.

Lagocheilus warnefordianus, G. Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 282.

Layochilus (s. s.) warnefriedianun, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 85; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 18.

Japonia (Lagochilus) warnefordiana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief.
16, 1902 p. 58,

14 CYCLOPHORID &.

Original description :— Shell ovately turbinate, with 53 convex
whorls, the last globosely swollen; suture distinct ; apex acute ;
umbilicus very narrow, much smaller than in any of the other
Indian species, almost entirely covered by the peristome ; almost
quite smooth, even under a lens, scarcely any trace of spiral
sculpture; light brown colour, elegantly flamed with darker
brown ; aperture round, with a double peristome, the outer margin
very thin, broadly reflected; operculum thin, multispiral, light
colour, on the interior side polished and with a central umbo.”
(Nevill.)

Hab. Andaman Islands: Mt. Harriet (G. Nevill, Stoliczka) ;
Nicobar Island (?) (Stoliczka).

Fig. 4.—Japonia warnefordiana, (Shell x2, operculum X 3.)

This species is now illustrated for the first time from an
Andaman specimen in the Beddome collection.

23. Japonia wullerstorfiana, Zelebor.

Cyclotus wiilierstorfianus, Zelebor, Verh. K.K. zool.-bot. Ges. xvii,
1867, p. 807.

Cyclophorus wiillerstorffii, Mérch, Journ, Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 330.

Lagocheilus wiillerstorfianus, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,

. 452,

Lagocheilus wiillerstorfianum, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 181; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 98.

Japonia (Lagochilus) wullerstorfiana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 59.

Fig. 5.—Japonia wullerstorfiana. (X 2.)

Original description :—“T. anguste umbilicata, turbinata, tenui-
scula, striatula, superne liris 5, subtus 4 filiformibus cincta, luteo

CRASPEDOTROPIS. 15

et castaneo flammulata; spira turbinata, vertice acuto; anfr. 5}
convexiusculi, ultimus fascia lutea infra liram periphericam ornatus,
basi parum convexus; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis ;
perist. simplex, anguste expansum, marginibus approximatis,
callo junctis. Operc.?—Diam. maj. 7, min. 6, alt. 54 mm.”
(Zelebor.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands (Novara Exped.).

The species has not hitherto been illustrated, and I am pleased
to be able to give 3 views of a specimen in the British Museum.

Genus CRASPEDOTROPIS, Blanjord.

Craspedotroms, Blanford, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 454 (as sub-
genus of Cyclophorus); Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 71
(? genus) ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 278; Kobelt & Méllen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 86 (as genus);
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 68.

Typn, Cyclophorus cuspidatus, Bensen.

Range. India.
Shell acuminate conoid, carinated, with a thick fuscous perio-
stracum, the keel fimbriated. Operculum closely wound.

24. Craspedotropis bilirata, Beddome.

Cyclophorus biliratus, Beddome, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 452, pl. 58, fig. 34 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 408.

? Craspedotropis biliratus, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii.

Cyclophorus (Craspedotropis) biliratus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 278.

Ditropis biliratus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Ditropis (Ditropis) biliratus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 73.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell umbilicated, turbinate, furnished
with a thick dark epidermis, which is soon obsolete on the fourth
or fifth upper whorl, but always present on the lowest one, where
it forms an oblique, coarse, hair-like striation most prominent
round the periphery and at the suture of the two lower whorls,
and generally round the umbilicus, where it forms quite a fringe ;
colour below the epidermis dull olive; spire conical, apex subacute ;
whorls 6, the five upper ones smooth, convex, or sometimes the
fifth (or fourth and fifth) with a slight rib round the centre ;
lowest whorl with two prominent raised ribs round the periphery,
with a broad flat space between them, below convex, smooth or
with several raised striv#, the whorl descending slightly near the
mouth ; aperture oblique, subcircular, slightly angled at the
termination of the ribs at the peristome ; umbilicus more or less
striated within ; peristome single, thin, continuous, or slightly
interrupted on the penultimate ; operculum of a single layer, thin,

16 CYCLOPHORID#.

horny, multispiral, concave externally, nucleus small, central :
height of shell ;3, inch [5 mm.], slightly more than the breadth of
the lowest whorl.”

Hab. India: South Canara range of Ghats, 2500 feet elevation
(Beddome); Wynaad? (Beddome).

Fig. 6.—Craspedotropis bilirata. (xX 3.)

‘“‘This shell is closely allied to Cyclophorus cuspidatus, Bens.
( Craspedotropis, Blanf.); it has exactly the same operculum (the
two not being in any way distinguishable), which, however, seems
scarcely to differ from that of many typical species of Cyclophorus,
except, perhaps, in being more closely wound, certainly not enough
to constitute a subgenus.” (Beddome.)

Nevill mentions * another Cyclophorus biliratus, Beddome,
under the subgenus Leptopomoides from the Wynaad, but it is
uncertain whether this is the same as the Canara form.

The specimen figured is from the Beddome collection, and
measures 3°5 mm. in diameter, alt. 4 mm. In describing the
species Col. Beddome stated it was allied to Cyclophorus cuspi-
datus. Nevill referred it to Craspedotropis, but Kobelt and
Méllendorff placed it in Ditropis. Its affinities appear to me to
warrant its inclusion in the former rather than in the latter genus.

25. Craspedotropis cuspidata, Benson.

Cyclostoma cuspidatum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, viii, 1851,
p. 189; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 313; id., Cat. Phaneropn.
Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 228; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostoma, 1854, p. 378,
pl. 49, figs. 21-23.

Cyclophorus cuspidatus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon.-Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 62; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 19, fig. 93; Blanford, A.M. N. H.
ser. 3, xii, 1864, p. 454.

Craspedotropis cuspidatus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 135, figs. 1, 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit, India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus (Craspedotropis) cuspidatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 278.

Craspedotropis cuspidata, Kobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 68, fig. 13.

Original description :—“ Testa umbilicata, acuminato-conoidea,
oblique striata, lineis spiralibus circumdata, epidermide olivaceo-

* Hand List, i, 1878, p. 274.

CRASPEDOTROPIS. 17

fusca; spira elongata, attenuata, apice mamillari; anfractibus 5,
primis convexis, ultimo et penultimo superne convexiusculis, lira
unica preeditis, ultimo subtus convexo, peripheria carinata, carina
lamellato-fimbriata; basi 8-lirata, lira subumbilicari fimbriata ;
apertura perobliqua, subcirculari, superne subangulata, dimidium
longitudinis squante, peristomate tenui, acuto, margine colu-
mellari expansiusculo ; umbilico mediocri profundo, anfractus
plures exhibente.

« Diam. major 6, minor 5, alt. 4 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, Blanford) ; Ovotacamund (Bed-
dome).

Fig. 7.— Craspedotropis cuspidata. (X 3.)

«This species is singular on account of its attenuated spire,
and the hirsute lamellar appendages to the keels, at the periphery
and umbilicus; but the latter character is apt to be obliterated.”
( Benson.)

The shell figured is from the Beddome collection and measures:
4°5 mm. in diameter, alt. 3°75 mm.

26. Craspedotropis fimbriata, Godwin-Austen.

Craspedotropis fimbriatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S.B. xliv, 1875,
p. 7, pl. 4, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xiii;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, addenda, p. ii; Kobelt &
M@llendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id.,
Cat. Pneum. ‘1899, p. 14; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

. 69.

Cheteuhiae (Craspedotropis) jfimbriatus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.

Suppl. 38, 1875, p. 406.

Original description: —“ Shell conoidly turbinate, closely umbili-
eated, thin, covered with a rough dark brown epidermis, longi-
tudinally striate, a leaf-like fringe adorns the periphery of the
last whorl, spire conoid, its side concave, apex attenuate, blunt,
suture deep ; whorls 5, flat above, aperture diagonal. circular, the
lip slightly reflected, peristome thin. Operculum multispiral, flat,
smooth on the outer surface. Animal not seen.

‘Major diam. 0°19 [4:75 mm.], alt. 0°15 in. [3°75 mm.].”
(Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: Thengdan Peak, Naga Hills (Godwin- Austen).

|

18 CYCLOPHORIDZ.

27. Craspedotropis salemensis, Beddome.

Cyclophorus salemensis, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 453, pl. 63,
fie. 35; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1876, p. 408.

Craspedotropis salemensis, Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1876,

a xiill,

Digeve salemensis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 87; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 15.

Ditropis (Ditropis) salemensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 77.

Original description :—* Shell moderately umbilicated, turbinate,
with the spire rather acuminate, of a dull olive-green, furnished
with a dirty dark brown, obliquely striated, thread-like epidermis,
which is early deciduous on the upper whorls, but always present
on the lowest, and round the umbilicus, where it forms a fringe ;
whorls 6, the upper five generally smooth, convex, or the fifth
more or less bilirate towards its termination ; lowest whorl a
little descending in front, convex below, furnished with five
prominent spiral costulations above the region of the periphery,
and four to five below it, which latter are only conspicuous towards
the termination of the whorl; umbilicus spirally lirate within ;
aperture oblique, subcircular, angled at its apex; peristome single,
continuous, angled at its apex, and suddenly contracted a little
below the apex of its right margin, and slightly angled at the
centre of the same margin (at the exit of the lower or most
prominent of the costulations round the periphery); operculum
as in C. biliratus and cuspidatus: length 3%, inch [5°5 mm.], and
the greatest diameter equalling the length.” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: Shevaroy Hills, Salem district (Beddome).

The remarks under C, biliraéa as to its generic position apply to
the present species. Col. Beddome considered its affinities to be
with bilirata and cuspidata.

Genus LEPTOPOMOIDES, Nevill.

Leptopomoides, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275 (as subgenus of
Cyclophorus) ; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 744 (as section of
Cyclophorus, s. 8.); Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p, 69
(as genus).

Leptopomatoides (em.), Martens, Zool. Record, xv, 1878, Moll. p.78;
Kobelt & Modllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 86; id., op. cit. xxxi, 1899, p. 131; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
pp. 14, 98.

Typ, (1st species) Cyclostoma halophilum, Benson.
Range. Southern India and Ceylon.
Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbinate or conoid, thin, smooth or

covered with fine spiral lire. Peristome more or less discontinuous.
Operculum thin, almost membranaceous, narrowly coiled.

LEPTOPOMOIDES. 19

28. Leptopomoides conulus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma (Leptopoma) conulus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p. 127.

Leptopoma conulus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 8,
fig. 45; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 105, fig. 1.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides?) conulus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

p. 274.
Leptopomatoides conulus, Kobelt & Mdllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.

Malak. Ges. xxix, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.
Craspedotropis conulus, Sykes, Journ. Malak. vii, 1899, p. 28.
Leptopomoides conulus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 69.

Original description :—‘* C. testa anguste umbilicata, conica.
tenul, epidermide corneo-fulva, distanter membranaceo-costulata
induta; spira regulariter conica, apice obtusiuscula; anfr. 5,
sensim accrescentibus, subangulato-convexis, ultimo liris sub 6
distinctis filiformibus eincto; apertura parum obliqua, subangulato-
circulari; perist. simplice, acuto, vix expansiusculo, marginibus
subdisjunctis, columellari reflexiusculo.

‘Diam. maj. 4, min. 3%, alt. 34 mill.” (Pfeiffer)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites; Nevill); Ambagamua (Collett).

29. Leptopomoides flammeus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma (Leptopoma) flammeum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p: 127.

Leptopoma flammeum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 76;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 8, fig. 47;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, fig. 3; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus flammeus, Pfeifier, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 69;
Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 111.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides ?) flammeus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 274.

Leptopoma (Leptopomatoides) flammeum, Sykes, Journ. Malak. vii,
1899, p. 28.

Leptopomatoides flammeus, Kohelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Leptopomoides flammeus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 70.

Original description :—‘ C. testa angustissime umbilicata, elon-
gato-conica, teriui, oblique leviter striatula, fulva, strigis angulatis
rufis ornata; spira elevata, conica, apice acutiuscula, pallida ;
sutura profunda; anfr. 6, perconvexis, lente accrescentibus, ultimo
rotundato; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, intus concolore :
perist. simplice, recto, marginibus breviter disjunctis, columellari
subdilatato, patente.

“* Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 8 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Layard).

20 CYCLOPHORID 2%.

30. Leptopomoides halophilus, Benson.

Cyclostoma halophilum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, vii, 1851,
p- 265; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 241, pl. 31,
figs, 29-31.

Leptopoma halophilum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vii, 1851, p. 147;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 118; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 83; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ni, 1865, p. 281;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 8, fig. 49; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 8; H. Nevill, Enum. Helie.
Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 37; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vil, 1894,
p- 306.

Cyclophorus halophilus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 69.

Cyclophorus halophila, A. Adams, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 314.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides?) halophilum, Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 273.

Leptopomatoides halophilus, Kohbelt, Nachy. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Leptopoma (Leptopomatoides) halophilum, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii,
1899, p. 27.

reeenaes halophilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 702, fig. 14; Smith, Fauna & Geogr. Mald. Laccad. Archip. i,
part 2, 1902, p. 144.

Original description :—“ Testa umbilicata, globoso-turbinata,
glabra, obsolete, longitudinaliter striata, cornea, translucente,
fasciis 1-3 rufo-castaneis (submediana angusta semper existente)
ornata; spira conica, apice exsertiuscula, sutura impressa ;
anfractibus 4-44 convexis, ultimo rotundato ; apertura circulari,
superne leviter angulata, peristomate tenul, expansiusculo, margine
columellari leviter emarginato ; umbilico profundo. Operculo
corneo, tenui, planato, multispirato.

‘Diam. major 5, minor 44, axis 4} mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Ceylon: Point de Galle (Benson); Colombo (Theobald) ;
Balapiti (@. Mevill); Maturata (Simon); Trincomalie, Ratnapura
(Preston). Maldive Archipelago (Stanley Gardiner).

31. Leptopomoides orophilus, Benson.

Cyclostoma orophilus, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xi, 1858, p. 106.

Leptopoma orophilum, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1, 1854, p. 87; id.,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 77; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. 8, fig. 51; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic.
Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 142, fig. 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomordes) orephilum, Nevill, Haud List, i, 1878,
p. 274.

le Ry orophilus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 14.

Leptopoma (Leptopomatordes) orophilum, Sykes, Journ. Malae. vii,
1899, p. 27. aay

Leptopomoides orophilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
pO:

hE a a UT te gs tt ae

Faun. Brit. Ind., Moll iii, Pl. I, p. 21.

Hig.

BiG. 2:

Leptopomoides valvatus.

LEPTOPOMOIDES. Zi

Original description :—* Testa anguste umbilicata, globoso-
conica, sub epidermide non nitente olivacea, albida, versus apicem
acuminatum nigrescente ; spira elevata, conica, attenuata, sutura
distincta; anfractibus 5, convexis, ultimo rotundata, lineis 9
elevatiusculis, subtus remotioribus munito; apertura parum
obliqua, circulari; peristomate tenui, recto, anfractui penultimo
breviter adnato, labio expansiusculo ; umbilico non peryio.

‘** Diam. major 9, minor 7, alt. 73 mill.” ( Benson.)

Hab, Ceylon: Monahagalla Hill. (4. LZ. Layard).

32. Leptopomoides pecilus, Pfecffer.

EEG (Leptopoma) pecilum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p- 302.

Leptopoma poecilum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 76;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1862, Leptopoma, pl. ge fig. AG ;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 2; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus poecilus, Pieiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 69.

Cyclophorus (Scabrina) poecilus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
LS7b,sp: Pc

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides) pecilus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p: 274.

Leptopomatoides poecilus, Kobelt & Mdllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Leptopomoides poecilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 70.

Original description: —“ C. testa perforata, turbinata, tenuiuscula,
oblique striata, virenti-lutea, flammis albidis et lineis spiralibus
nigricantibus ornata; spira turbinata, apice acutiuscula, nigricante ;
anfr. 5 convexis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo peripheria rotun-
dato, basi planiusculo, circa perforationem punctiformem excayato ;
apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari ; perist. simplice, recto

marginibus approximatis. —Opere. corneum,
«Diam. maj. 8, min. 63, alt. 6 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)
Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

33. Leptopomoides valvatus, Mollendorff.

Leptopomatvides valvatus (Blanford), Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 35; Kobelt & Mollendorff, tom. cit.
p- 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Leptopomoides valvatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 71.

Original description :—“ T. sat late et pervie umbilicata,
depresse turbinata, solidula, subtiliter striatula, olivaceo-flavida,
nitidula. Anfr. 5 teretes, ultimus non descendens. Apertura
parum obliqua, circularis, peristoma simplex, rectum, obtusum.

“ Diam. 7, alt. 5 mm.” (Mollendorff.)

Hab. India: Canara (Blanford),

22 CYCLOPHORID®.

Genus MICRAULAX, Theobald.

Micraulax, Theobald, J. A.S. B. xlv, 1876, part 2, p. 185 (as
subgenus of Cyclophor us); Fischer, Man. Conehyl. 1885, p. 744
(as section of Cyclophorus, 8.8.) ; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 71 (genus).

Type, Micraulax scabra, Theobald.

Range. Southern India and Ceylon.

“‘Cyclophori habitu planorbulari, testo sulco brevi intus instructa,
operculo ?

“Section of the planorbular Cyclophori, uniting the Mywostoma
type with the turbinate Lagocheilus. The canal of Cataulus is
merely, it would seem, a more highly developed and specialised
representation of the shallow groove in this species.”” (Zheobald.)

“ Shell depressed, turbinate or discoid, widely umbilicated, a
short groove inside with a corresponding raised rib outside on the
base analogous to the basal canal in Cataulus.” (Kobelt, in
German.)

34. Micraulax celoconus, Benson.

Cyclostoma celoconus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 189 ;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 884, pl. 50, fies, OO:

Cyclophor us coeloconus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii 1851, p. 141; id.,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 83; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p. 57; Benson, A. M. N. H. Bon 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415; Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyelo-
phorus, pl. 18, fig. aoe Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 4, fie. 5, 1876, p.xv; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p- 4; Theobald, Mors Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 35.

Leptopoma cceloconus, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 8

Cyclophorus (Mier aulax) coeloconus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 273 (+ var. parva).

Micraulax coeloconus, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts, Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 71, fig. 15.

Original description :—“ Testa subaperte umbilicata, turbinata,
tenui, scabre confertim radiato-striata, olivaceo-lutescente, fascia
unica submediana, strigisque undatis, radiatis, rufo-fuscis, ornata ;
spira conoidea, apice acutiusculo; sutura bene impressa; anfract-
ibus 43 valde convexis, ultimo cylindrico; apertura obliqua,
ovato-circulari, peristomate tenui, acuto, umbilico profundo omnes
anfractus exhibente.

‘Diam. maj. 13, minor 11, axis 9 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, H. F. Blanford); Trichinopoly
(H. F. Blanford); Tinnevelly (Beddome); Ceylon (H. Nevill).

35. Micraulax scabra, Theobald.

Micraulax scabra, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 185,
pl. 14, fig. 4; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 71.

Cyclophorus (Micraulax) scaber, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275.

Micraulax scaber, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Se

MICRAULAX.—DITROPIS. WS

Original description :—‘‘ Testa late et profunde umbilicata, et
sulco haud profundo et valde inconspicuo intus instructa, linea
parum elevata externe notato. Anfractibus 4-42 convexis, ultimo
subinflato, celeriter crescente, et ad aperturam non descendente.
Epidermide scabra, juxta aperturam corrugata. Apertura parum
obliqua, subcireulari, breviter adnata. Operculo?

“Lat. major 14-20, lat. minor 12°00, alt. 6°20, aperture lat.
6:00 mm.” = (Theobald.)

Hab. India: Travancore.

Fig. 8.—Micraulax scabra.

The accompanying figure is from the type in the British
Museum. It measures: Diam. maj. 15, min. 13°5, alt. (incl.
apert.) S°S mm.

Genus DITROPIS, Blanford.

Ditropis, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxviii, part 2, 1869, p. 126 (as sub-
genus of Cyclophorus); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
p- xiv (genus); Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 86; id, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 72.

Typ, Cyclophorus planorbis, Blanford.

Range. India, Malaysia, Philippine Islands; New Guinea;
Fitzroy Island, Australia; East Africa.

“Testa translucens, subvitrea, epidermide olivacea nitida
instructa, carinis duabus, vel pluribus, una ad peripheriam, altera
subtus ab illa interspatio discreta circumdata. Operculum cor-
neum, arctispirum, duplex, lamina interna membranacea, externa
crassiuscula, marginibus anfractuum liberis, ambabus suleo mar-
ginali disjunetis. Animal ignotum.

‘Shell translucent, almost vitreous, covered with a smooth
olivaceous epidermis, with two or more spiral ribs, one of which
is always at the periphery of the last whorl, and a second below,
separated by an interval from the other. Operculum horny,
closely wound, composed of two lamine, separated by a marginal
groove, the inner membranaceous, the outer rather thick,
and with the edges of the whorls free. Animal unknown.”
(Llanford.)

The lingual ribbon of one species was examined by Blanford.

24 CYCLOPHORID &.

It differs from that of Cyclophorus in the form of the lateral
teeth, and in their denticulations being shorter and more numerous.
In C. (Ditropis) convexus, the species examined, the central tooth
has 7 denticulations, that in the middle being the largest ; all the
lateral teeth apparently had 5 denticulations, but it appeared very
difficult to count those in the outermost laterals correctly.

36. Ditropis beddomei, Blanford.

Cyclophorus (Ditropis) beddomet, Blantord, J. A. 5. B. xxviii, part 2,
1869, p. 127, pl. 16, fig. 2; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 278.

Ditropis beddomei, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 186,
fies. 8, 9; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 87 ; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 14.

Ditropis (Ditropis) beddomei, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
5 2

Original description :—‘ Testa latissime umbilicata, depressa,
discoidea, tenuis, olivacea, confertissime striata, parum nitida, spira-
liter costata. Spira plana, sutura valde impressa. Antr. cirea 4,
(primo in exemplo unico deficienti) convexi, primi tere glabri;
penultimus costis 2-3, supra uni, infra in umbilico, juxta suturam
ornatus, ultimus antice descendens, teres, juxta suturam et subter
peripheriam glaber, 7-costatus, costis 4 superioribus, quarum
extera ad peripheriam, 3 basalibus ab superis intervallo disjunctis.
Umbilicus perspectivus. Apertura diagonalis, rotunda; peristoma
simplex, rectum, breviter adnatum, nigrescens, intus tenuiter
albido-labiatum. Operculum fusco-corneum, intus convexum,
limbo tenuissimo circumdatum, extus concaviusculum, marginibus
antractuum parum elevatis.

“Diam. maj. 8, min. 63, axis 23 millem., ap. diam. intus 2.

“Shell very widely umbilicated, depressed, discoidal, thin,
olive-coloured, very closely and minutely striated, less polished
than the other species, and covered with spiral ribbing. The spire
is flat, or nearly so, but the innermost whorls being deficient in the
only specimen sent for description by Major Beddome, it is im-
possible to say whether the apex is slightly exserted or not. The
suture is much impressed, Whorls about 4 in number, convex ;
the last one descending near the mouth, smooth near the suture,
both above and below, with 7 spiral ribs; 4 above, the outermost
forming the periphery of the shell, and 3 below, separated from the
others by a smooth space; 3 of the upper and | of the lower can
be traced on the penultimate whorl near the suture, but become
obsolete on the inner whorls. The umbilicus exposes all the
whorls below. Aperture diagonal, round, peristome only joined
for a very short distance to the penultimate whorl, thickened, all
in one plane and not expanded, faintly edged with white inside,
blackish externally.

«The operculum ditters from that of Cyclophorus planorbis by
the edges of the whorls being less produced externally, and by its

DITROPIS. 25

being in consequence less concave. Major diameter 0°31 inch,
minor 0:27, axis 0'Y. (Blanford.)
Hab. India: Travancore (Beddome).

37. Ditropis convexa, Blanford.

Cyclophorus (Ditropis) converus, Blanford, J. A. 5. B. xxxviil, part 2,
1869, p. 128, pl. 16, tig. 3 (shell), p. 11, fig. 2 (lingual dentition);
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 278.

Ditropis convexus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 136,
figs. 7, 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Ditropis conveva, Kobelt & Méllendortt, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 86; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 37.

Ditropis (Ditropis) convexa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 74,

Original description: —** Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-cou-
vexa, tenuis, nitida, vitrea, elabra, olivacea, minutissime et obsolete
decussato-striatula. Spira convexa, apice obtuso; sutura impressa,
intus marginata. Antr. 4, convexi; ultimus versus aperturam
paulum descendens, teres, juxta suturam fascia lata fusca pictus,
extus pallidior, carina una valida ad peripheriam, altera ad basin
cireumdatus; umbilico perspectivo, omnes antractus exhibens,
contfertim spiraliter liratus. Apertura obliqua rotunda; peristoma
rectum simplex, incrassatum atque continuum. Operculum fusco-
corneum, per-simile illi Cyclophori planorbis, marginibus externis
antfractuum laciniatim productis.

«Diam. maj. 64, min. 53, axis 35 millem. Ap. diam. intus 24.

“Shell openly umbilicated, depressly convex, thin, smooth,
shining, glassy, of an olive colour, with minute sub-obsolete
decussating striae, only visible beneath a powerful lens. Spire
convex, apex obtuse, suture impressed and with an internal
margination, due to the prolongation of the inner whorls of the
keel surrounding the shell. Whorls 4, convex ; the last descending
slightly near the aperture, and becoming paler in colour in tront
on the outer half of the surface only, so that a band of darker
colour surrounds the shell close to the suture. Of the two keels
one is at the periphery, and rather lower in position than usual,
owing partly to the raised spire, the other is at the base, rather
towards the umbilicus, which exhibits all the whorls, and is closely
spirally ribbed inside. Aperture round, oblique, peristome in one
plane, simple, thickened. Operculum very similar to that of
Cyclophorus planorbis, with the external edges of the whorls
lengthened, ragged and split up into a fringe-like edge. Major
diameter 0-26, minor 0:22, axis 0:14 inch.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Calead Hills, Travancore; Tinnevelly (Beddome).

38. Ditropis planorbis, Blanford.
Cyclophorus ( Ditropis) planorbis, Blanford, J. 4.5. B. XXXViii, part 2,
1869, p. 126, pl. 16, fiz. 1; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 278.
Ditropis planorbis, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1879, pl. 136,
figs. 5, 6; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 185; id. Cat.

26 CYCLOPHORID #&.

Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 37 ; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 87; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 15.

Ditropis (Ditropis) planorbis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 76, text-fig. 16 (p. 72).

Original description :—‘* Testa latissime umbilicata, depressa,
discoidea, vitrea, tenuis, olivacea, glabra, obsolete striatula, polita.
Spira plana, nucleo non exserto, sepe eroso, sutura impressa, at
anfractum ultimum et supra et in umbilico costa sublata intus mar-
ginata. Antfr. 4-43, convexi; ultimus antice vix descendens sub-
quadrangularis, supra atque subtus convexus, carinis duabus validis
circumdatus, una ad peripheriam, altera juxta basin ad latus
externum. Umbilicus perspectivus, omnes anfractus exhibens.
Apertura obliqua, sub-quadrata, intus albido-labiata; peristoma
incrassatum, rectum, non-expansum. Operculum intus con-
vexum, extus concavum, marginibus anfractuum externorum
laciniatim elongatis.

“Exempli majoris diam. maj. 83, min. 7, alt. 2, ap. diam.
1? millem. Exempli minoris diam. maj. 7, min. 5}, alt. 13, ap.
diam. (fere) 14 millem.

‘“‘Shell very broadly umbilicated, depressed, discoidal, thin,
glassy, smooth and polished, with obsolete striation. Spire per-
fectly flat; the apex not rising above the surface; suture impressed ;
the nucleus is generally wanting, being apparently remarkably
liable to erosion. Whorls 4 to as slightly convex above, the
last descending but slightly near the mouth, and nearly square,
with two keels, the one rather high up, forming the periphery of

the shell, the other at the outer side of the base; these keels can

be traced upon the penultimate and part of the ante- penultimate
whorl, both on the spire and within the umbilicus, forming a
distinct rib inside the suture. Aperture oblique, nearly square,
with a white internal lip; peristome thickened, all in one plane
aud not expanded. Operculum convex and smooth inside, the
margins of the whorls externally much elongated and torn,
especially towards the margin.

“Major diameter, from the edge of the peristome to the
opposite margin, 0°34 inch, minor diam. at right angles to the
other, 0°28, height 0°08. A smaller specimen measures 0°27 and
0-2 in the two diameters, and 0:05 in height.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Calcad Hills, Travancore, Tinnevelly (Beddome).

Genus SCABRINA, Blanford.

Scabrina, Blanford, J.A.S. B. xxxii, 1863, p. 322 (as section of
Cyclophorus); id., A. M.N.H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 452; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 277 (as subgenus); P. Fischer, Man. Conchyl.
1885, p. 744 (as section of Cyclophorus, s. s.); Kobelt & Méllen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malai. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88 (as genus) ;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 87.

Dasytherion, Mabille, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 140.

Scabrinus, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 73 (as subgenus).

Typ, Cyclophorus calyx, Benson.

SCABRINA. ik

Range. South China, India, Farther India, Ceylon, Comores.

Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, subdiscoid, with a fuscous
huiry periostracum; whorls roanded; aperture circular; peristome
thickened; operculum thick, corneous, edges of whorls lamellate,
raised.

“ Distinguished from other discoid species by a scabrous
epidermis, and an operculum with raised edges to the whorls ex-
ternally, thus exactly resembling that of the Burmese forms of
Pterocyclos and Spiraculum, to the former of which genera this
little group forms a passage.” (Blanford.)

39. Scabrina basisulcata, von Martens.

Cyclophorus (Scabrina) basisulcatus, von Martens, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p.179; id., Arch. Naturg. lxv, i, 1899,
p. 31, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Scabrina basisuleata, Kobelt & Millendorif, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 182; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 100; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 87.

Original description:—“T. perlate umbilicata, orbiculata, de-
pressa, radiatim striata, ad suturam profundum utrinque hispidula,
virescenti fusca, opaca, subunicolor; spira vix paululum promi-
nula, apice papillatim prominente, levi, nitido rufofusco; anfr. 5,
convexi, ultimus supra peripheriam angulis prominulis 2-3 obtusis
versus aperturam evanescentibus sculptus; umbilicus cingulis
distinctis in anfr. ultimo 4, in penultimo 6 conspicuis isignitus.
Apertura diagonalis, circularis, peristoma (duplicatum, internum
continuum rectum supra insertionem leviter emarginatum,
externum) rectangulatim breviter expansum, interruptum, superne
in alulam rotundatam paululum declivem continuatum.

“Diam. maj. 16, min. 13, alt. 9, aper. diam. intern. 4 mill.
Opereulum typicum.” (von Martens.)
Hab. Upper Burma: Padoukbin near Thayet Myo (Notling).

40. Scabrina broune, Sykes.

Cyclophorus (Scabrinus) broune, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. iii, 1898,
p: 73, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3.

Seabrina brounae, Kobelt & Méjlendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxxi, 1899, p. 132; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 100; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 87.

Original description :—* Testa late umbilicata, depresse conica,
periostraco brunneo-fusco, scabro ornata, lineis elevatis spiralibus
et costis remotis notata, in regione umbilicari levior ; spira sub-
elevata, apice exserto, plicatulo, obtuso; sutura profunda; anfr.
45, convexi, ultimus versus aperturam parum descendens ; aper-
tura fere circularis, duplex, internum continuum, externum leviter
expansum. Alt. 5:5, diam. max. 10°5 mm.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon: Nuwara-Eliya (Vrs. Brown).

28 CYCLOPHORIDA.

The author draws special attention to the thick, rough perio-
stracum, which forms distant radiating ridges, in addition to the
usual spiral striation in many of the species, and states that no
other known Ceylon species appears really to approach it.

41. Scabrina calyx, Benson.

Cyclophorus calyx, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1857, p. 228;
Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 56; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i,
1860, p. 145, pl. 87, figs. 25 -27; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xii, 1861,
Cyclophorus, pl. 20, fig. 104; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxiv, 1865,
p. 97; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Cyclophorus (Scabrina) calyx, Blanford, J. A.5S.B, xxxii, 1863,
p- 822; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 278.

Cyclostoma (Myxostoma) calyx, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. x1, part 2, 1871,
p. 148 (animal).

Myxostoma calyx, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Scabrina calyx, Kobelt & Méllendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix. 1897, p. 88; id. Cat. Pnenm. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 87; id. Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1908, p. 697, pl. 61, figs. 19, 20.

Original description:—“ Testa late umbilicata, orbiculato-de-
pressa, radiato-striatula, albida, strigis castaneis radiatis superne
picta; spira planata, sutura impressa, apice vix prominulo;
anfractibus 43 convexiusculis, ultimo compresso, subtus, circa

Fig. 9.-—Seabrina calyx. (X 2.)

umbilicum minime profundum, latum, angulato; apertura obliqua,
circulari, peristomate duplici, continuo, breviter adnato, externo
incrassato, superne expanso, angulato. Operculo 2

« Diam, major 10, minor 8, axis 3 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Akoutong (Lheobald); Moulmein (Blanford).

“The flattened depressed form of this shell, and the angular
expansion of the outer peristome at the top of the aperture, render
it easy of recognition among the depressed and widely umbilicate
forms of Cyclophorus.” (Benson.)

Blanford * thinks that some mistake must have been made in
labelling, for he found the shell abounding in Moulmem, but
although he repeatedly searched all round the Akoutong Hills he

* J.A.S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 97.

SCABRINA. 29

never met with it. He also states * that Benson’s description
“must have been taken from a dead specimen which had lost both
its epidermis and operculum.” In living specimens he found the
shell covered with “fa scabrous dark epidermis, radiately striated,,
and with raised spiral lines which, as in C. hispidulus, were more
marked in young than in adult individuals. The operculum was
slightly concave externally, in consequence of the edges of the
whorls being raised and ragged, especially near the circumference;
internally it was smooth and nearly flat, with a small central
nucleus. C. calyx is well distinguished from C. hispidulis and
CO. pinnulifer by its smaller whorls, the strong subangulation
around the umbilicus, the ornamentation beneath the epidermis
and the markings of the epidermis itself, the raised ridges
surrounding the shell being fewer and much more pronounced
in C. hisprdulis.”

Stoliczka found the animai “identical in form with those of
other Cyclophoride, only of smaller size; when full grown the
body is black, with very long subulate tentacles, slightly thickened
near the tips, the rostrum is long and deeply cleft in front, the
foot rather elongated, posteriorly narrowly produced and pointed ;
eyes rather small, placed laterally at the base of the tentacles on
barely perceptible bulgings. The sides of the foot and the tentacles
are usually paler than the body, and young specimens are pale
erey coloured throughout. The largest specimens found south of
Moulmein measure: Diam. maj. 14; d. min. 12; alt. teste 7-2,
alt. ult. anfr. cum perist. 5, diam. apert. int. 4 min.”

The accompanying figures represent a specimen in the British
Museum.

42, Scabrina hispidula, Blanford.

Cyclophorus hispidulus, Blanford, J.A.S. B, xxxii, 1868, p. 321;
id., op. cit. xxxiv. 1865, p. 97; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 47, figs. 5, 6.

Myxostoma hispidulum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,

. 06.

EWN G et (Scabrina) hispidulus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p.278.

Scabrina hispidula, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 88.

Original description :—*‘ Shell widely umbilicate, subplanulately
depressed, radiately striated aud marked by extremely fine and
close concentric impressed lines, white, covered with a thick dark
brown epidermis, which forms a broad raised spiral costulation
around the shell, more marked in young than in fully grown
specimens. Spire almost flat, apex just exserted, suture deep.
Whorls 5, cylindrical, the last descending very little near the
aperture, which is subvertical and circular. Peristome double,
inner lip continuous and projecting a little; outer lip slightly

* J.A.S. B, xxxii, 1863, p. 322.

30 CYCLOPHORIDA.

expanded. Operculum multispiral, externally flat, the margins of
the whorls being very rough and free, internally very slightly
concave, with a minute central nucleus projecting.

Mini or tae...) «esate alent aeioes 14 mm. 0°55 inch.
Mineridiam: 22. eee Nes sen eee gee LOR mee
ANGGNMEs nic ca oo ees See eke i reo eae
Diameter of aperture ........ He Onto ees

(Blanford.)

Hab. Burma: Mya Leit Doung near Ava (Blanford).

3. Scabrina inglisiana, Stoliczka.

Cyclophorus (Myxostoma) inglisianus, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xl, part 2,
1871, p. 148, pl. 6, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 148, figs. 8, 9.

Myzxostoma inglisianum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p coe

Cyclophorus (Scabr ina) inglisianus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, 02 78.

Scabrina inglsiana, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p- 16.

Original description :—‘* Cycl. testa subdiscoidea, late umbili-
cata; anfractibus 43, primo depresso, albido, levigato, ceteris
teretibus, paululum in amplitudine accrescentibus, sordide lutes-
cente albescentibus, strigis fuscis, supra retrorse angulatis, ad
peripheriam rotundatam ult. anfr. fascia castanea intersectis,
notatis, epidermide pallida transversim rugulatim striata indutis ;
suturis profundis, simplicibus; apertura paulum descendente et
obliqua, circulari, marginibus junctis, paululum incrassatis, haud
dilatatis, supra prope suturam leviter insinuatis. Operculo
corneo, tenui, circulari, anfractibus 7 extus paulo lamelliforme
exstantibus composito, medio depressiusculo, intus polito, medio
submammillato. Diam. maj. 9,d. min. 7:5, alt. totius teste 5,
alt. ult. anfr. prope aperturam 3, diam. apert. 2°7 mm.

‘* Animal plumbeo-cinereum, tentaculis longis, acutis, nigri-
cantibus, pede pallidescente, angusto, postice acuto ; rostro longo,
nigricante, antice ad marginem modice lobato.” (Stoliczka.)

Hab. Burma: Damotha near Moulmein (Stoliczka).

The author compares the present species with Pterocyclus
feddeni, Bif., which it resembles in the colouring, but is easily
distinguished by its thinner and very gradually increasing whorls,
whose tubular form also readily separates the shell from Cyclo-
phorus calyx, which has the basal angulation always distinct.

44. Scabrina pinnulifera, Benson.

Cyclophorus pinnulifer, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 205 ;
Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xxvii, 1858, p. ae Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch.
ser. 1, ii, 1860, p. 145, pl. 37, figs. 2 2-94 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
X1li, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 20, fig. 103 ; Gis TWA SrB XXXil,
1863, p- 329 « Hanley & Theobald, Gang Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 2.

Cyclophor us (Myxostoma) pinnulifer, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. ils
1858, p. 41,

—

SCABRINA.—THBHOBALDIUS. Oil

Myxostoma pinnulifer, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus (Scabrina) pinnulifer, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 100; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 277.

Seabrina pinnulifera, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nach, Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt,
Das Vierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 90.

Original description :—‘* Testa late umbilicata, orbiculato-
depressa, radiato-striata, striis minutissimis spiralibus decussata,
sub epidermide scabra, fusca, albida, superne strigis remotis
castaneis radiata; spira planata, apice vix prominulo, sutura
profunda; anfractibus 4 convexis, subtus rotundatis, ultimo antice
latiori; apertura obliqua, circulari ; peristumate leviter expanso,
subduplicato, interiori continuo, superne ad angulum vix sinuato,
exteriori superne alam verticalem subfornicatam efformante.
Operc.? :

“Diam. major 13, minor 10, axis 31 mill.” (Benson. )

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Theobald); Hengdan
Peak, Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“ Related to the Sikkim C. phenotopicus and to C. calyx of
Burmah, but more nearly to the latter, from which it is dis-
tinguished by its wider last whorl, the absence of any angulation
below, and by its more developed peristome.” (Benson. )

Genus THEOBALDIUS, Nevill.

Theobaldius, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275 (as subgenus of Cyclo-
phorus (no description) ); Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 744
(as section of Cyclophorus, s.s.) ; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88 (as genus); id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 91;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1907, p. 596.

Trex, Cyclophorus annulatus, Pfeiffer.

Range. India and Ceylon.

‘Shell depressed or discoid, widely uutbilicated, last whorl
rounded ; aperture circular; peristome generally double. Oper-
culum entering the mouth, thin, corneous, many-whorled.”
(Kobelt, in German.)

45. Theobaldius annulatus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma annulatum (Troschel), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847,
p. 150; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847, p. 162, pl. 22,
figs. 17-19.

Cyclophorus annulatus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 108; id.,
op. cit. viii, 1852, p. 143; id., Cat. Phaneropn., Brit. Mus. 1852,
p. 69; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 15, fig. 66; H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1876, pl. 143, figs. 1,4; Jousseaume, Mém, Soe. Zool. France,
vii, 1894, p. 308,

32 CYCLOPHORID2.

Myzxostoma annulatum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 36.
Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) annulatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
EEO.

Theobaldius annulatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16 ; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 91, text-fig. 23; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1907, p. 556.

Original description :—‘'T. umbilicata, depressissima, subdis-
coidea, solidula, ruguloso-striata, sub epidermide tenui, olivaceo-
cornea alba, superne obsolete fusco-maculata ; spira plana; anfr.

1_51 convexiusculi; umbilicus latissimus, profundus ; apertura
obliqua, ovali-subrotundata ;, perist. subsimplex, undique ex-
pansiusculum, marginibus approximatis, infra medium antractus
penultimi callo brevi subangulatim junctis.

“ Diam. maj. 18, min. 15, alt. 6 mill.” (Pfefer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Hoffmeister) ; Udagama (Simon).

Var. discus, Kobelt.

Cyclostoma annulatum var., Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1847, p. 163, pl. 29, figs. 14, 15.

Theohbaldius annulatus, var. discus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 81.

Theobaldius annulatus vay., Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i,
1907, p. 556.

Considerably larger than the type, measuring : Diam. ma}. 23:5,
min. 19, alt. 8 mm. The shell figured by Pfeiffer was received
from Cuming.

Var. nilgiricus, Kobelt.

Theobaldius (annulatus?) nilgiricus, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1907, p. 557, pl. 71, figs. 4-6.

Original description :—‘ Differt a typo testa multo majore,
sculptura distinctiore, striis costelliformibus, apertura magis
obliqua, peristomate distincte duplici, interno producto.

«Diam. maj. 29°5, min. 25, alt. 11-5, alt. apert. obl. 12, lat.
10 mm.” (Kobelt.)

Hab. India: Nilgiris.

46. Theobaldius bairdi, Pfeffer.

Cyclostoma batrdi (Cyclophorus), Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852,
p. 144, pl. 18, fig. 1; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p. 372, pl. 48, figs. 17-19.

Cyclophorus buirdi, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 63;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 15, fig. 68; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 1; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, 1871, p. 4; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii,
1894, p. 808.

Myzxostoma bairdi, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) bairdi, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275,

THEOBALDIUS. 33

Theobaldius bairdi, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 91; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1907, p. 565.

Original description :—‘* C. testa late umbilicata, depressa, sub-
discoidea, solida, spiraliter confertim striata, fulvo-lutea, strigis
crebris angulatis castaneis picta; spira vix elevata, medio sub-
prominula; anfr. 43, convexiusculis, ultimo subdepresso, peripheria
obsoletissime angulato et fascia castanea ornato ; umbilico aperto,
1 diametri paulo superante ; apertura obliqua, subangulato-rotun-
data, intus alba; perist. subsimplice, continuo, breviter adnato,
expansiusculo, superne angulatim subproducto.

‘Diam. maj. 26, min. 20, alt. 9 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Cuming); Maturata (Simon).

47. Theobaldius cadiscus, Benson.

Cyclophorus cadiscus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, v. 1860, p. 385 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 105, fig. 10.

Cyclophorus thwaitesi, Hanley & Theobald, op. cit. 1870, pl. 3, fig. 8

_ (non Pfeiffer).

Cyclophorus cadixus, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum., Ceylon, 1871,
p. 4.

Myzxostoma cadiscus, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 36.

Theobaldius cadiscus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 92; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1907, p. 565, pl. 71, fig. 17.

Original description :—‘* Testa sublate et profunde umbilicata,
convexo depressa, tenui, confertim oblique striata, sub epidermide
pallide corneo-albida; spira convexa apice obtuso, sutura pro-
fundiuscula; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis, ultimo cylindrico,
antice descendente; apertura obliqua, ovato-rotundata, superne
angulata, peristomate duplici, interiore continuo, modice porrecto,
exteriore adnato, ad dextram breviter expanso, margine columellari
recto, simplici.

‘“¢ Diam. major 17, minor 15, axis 8 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Ceylon: East Matelle (Layard),

48. Theobaldius cratera, Benson.

Cyclophorus cratera, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xviii, 1856, p. 94;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 55; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 47, fig. 8; H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4.

Myxostoma cratera, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p, 36.

Theobaldius cratera, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 92; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1907, p. 561, pl. 70, fig. 3.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa late umbilicata, planulato-depressa,
D

34 OYCLOPIIORID &.

subdiscoidea, tenuiuscula, radiatim et confertim ruguloso-striata,
vix nitidula, fulvo-cornea, raro castaneo-strigata ; spira planulata,
apice vix prominente, sutura profundiuscula ; anfractibus 5 con-
vexiusculis, ultimo longe lenteque descendente ; apertura obliqua
mediocri, subrotundata, superne angulata, intus albida; peristomate
duplici, interiori continuo, acuto, breviter porrecto, exteriori ex-
pansiusculo, breviter a:luato, albido ; umbilico aperto, profundius-
culo, operculo tenui, corneo, 7-spirato ; anfractibus valde angustis,
suturis intus et extus pulchre carinatis.

** Diam. major 24, minor 20, alt. 8 mill.

9 39 22 29 18 39 6 39
ssp lO rams: a lal ueesmeemcens.

Hab. Ceylon (HH. L. Layard, F. Layard).

“The operculum is more closely wound than in C. parma, from
which it differs in colour, the form and position of the aperture,
sculpture, and deeper umbilicus; this part is shallower than in
its near ally, C. annulatus, Trosch., which exhibits, moreover, a
prominent dark apex to the spire, whereas in C. cratera the apex
is flattened and white. The variation in size is considerable, as
may be seen by reference to the measurements. The smallest

variety exhibits the adult character: the narrow volutions of the

operculum, and a darker corneous hue than in C. parma, are
constant. Its double peristome and the flatness of the apex at
once distinguish it from C. Thwaitesr, Pfr.” (Benson.)

49. Theobaldius cytopoma, Benson.

Cyclophorus cytopoma, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. By v, 1860, p. 385 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 47, fi D 1875, p. XV;
H. Nevill, Knum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871,

Myxustoma cytopoma, Theobald, Cat. Shells mie India, 1876,
p. 36.

Cpiene (Theobaldius) annulatus, var. cytopoma, Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 275.

Theobaldius eytopoma, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 88; id. Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 275; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902 2, p. 92; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, 1, 1907, p. 5é 57, pl. 70, fig. 1.

Original description :—‘ Testa late et profunde umbilicata,
planato-depressa, subdiscoidea, vix nitidula, confertim et arcuatim
rugoso-striata, fulvo-castanea, subtus pallidiore apicem versus
flammis pallidioribus, et infra medium anfractus ultimi fascia
fusca inconspicua ornata ; spira planulata, apice uon prominente,
sutura protunda; anfractibus 53 convexis, ultimo antice sensim
descendente; umbilico 2 diametri eequante ; apertura ampla,
obliqua, angulato-ovali, intus lactea, peristomate simplici expansius-
culo, superne acute aneulate, breviter adnato, intus inerassato-
labiato, margine columellari. subtus recedente, dextro, superne
antice arcuato. Operculo fulvo-corneo, Eaecunscale: 7-spirato,
convexiusculo, ad apicem foveato, Intus concavo, margine externo

THEOBALDIUS. 30

suleo lato fere circumdato, anfractibus ad marginem carinatis,
carina exteriore elevatiore.

“ Diam. major 243, minor 19, axis 8 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Ceylon (Layard).

The author considers the keeled edges of the whorls of the
somewhat thickened operculum to form a striking character in
this species, affording indications of an approach to the operculum
ot Pterocyclus. C. lowostoma, Pfr., and C. bairdi, Pfr., are allied,
but from the latter it differs in the flat spire, the formation of the
aperture, the colouring, and the absence of spiral striation.

50. Theobaldius deplanatus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma deplanatum (Cyclophorus?), Pfeitfer, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1854, p. 301.

Cyclophorus deplanatus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 62 ;
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 72; Blantord, J. A. S. B. xxxv, 1866, pp. 38,
40; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fig. 10; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1875, pp. 116, 409.

Myxostoma deplanatum, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p. 185; id., Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) deplanatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 276.

Theobaldius deplanatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 93; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1907, p. 562, pl. 70, figs. 8-10; pl. 71, figs. 1-4.

Original description :—“ C. testa late umbilicata, depressa, sub-
discoidea, solida, confertim striatula, nitida, fusco-lutea vel
castanea, fascia unica peripherica, lutea eincta; spira vix prominula,
vertice subtili; sutura profunda; anfr. 5 rotundatis, ultimo
terete, antice sensim descendente ; apertura obliqua, subcirculari,
intus alba; perist. continuo, incrassato, expansiusculo, subdupli-
cato, breviter adnato, margine columellari regulariter arcuato.—
Operc. ?

“« Diam. maj. 273, min. 23, alt. 8 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. India: Koondah Mountains (Pirrie) ; Anamullays,
Sispara Ghat (Beddome); Travancore (7'heobald).

51. Theobaldius layardi, 7. Adams.

Cyclophorus layardi, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 294, pl. 28,
fig. 21; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 104, figs. 2, 3.

Myxostoma layardi, Theobald, Cat. Shells Br. India, 1876, p. 56.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) layardi, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 276.

Theobaldius layardi, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17 ; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 93; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i. 1907, p. 560, pl. 70, figs. 1, 2.

D2

36 CYCLOPHORID&#.

Original description :—“ C. testa late umbilicata, depressa,
solidula, confertim oblique striata et liris pluribus distantibus
sculpta, sub epidermide fusca flavidula; spira parum elevata,
apice obtusulo, sutura profunda; anfr. 5, conyexis, ultimo antice
descendente; apertura obliqua, subcirculari, superne angulari ;
perist. continuo, duplici, interno breviter expanso, albido, externo
expanso, superne dilatato, adnato. Op. corneum, tenue, extus
subconcavum, arctispirum.

‘** Diam. maj. 26, min. 22, alt. 11 mill.” (4. Adams.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

52. Theobaldius liliputianus, Preston.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldia) lihputiana, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii,
1909, p. 138, pl. 22, fig. 18.

Original description:—‘‘ Shell small, suborbicular, depressed,
white painted with a broad, reddish brown, subperipheral band, both
above and below which occur zigzag flame markings of the same
colour; whorls 4}; spire scarcely raised; sutures deeply impressed ;
umbilicus wide and shallow ; peristome white, continuous, double,
slightly reflexed ; aperture circular.

“Alt. 4, diam. major 10, minor 7°75, aperture alt. 3°25, diam.
3°25 min.” ( Preston.)

Hab. Ceylon.

Apparently the smallest species of the genus recorded from
Ceylon.

53. Theobaldius loxostoma, Pfevffer.

Cyclostoma loxostomum (Cyclophorus), Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1852, p. 146.

Cyclostoma loxostomum, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p- 377, pl. 49, figs. 11-13.

Cyclophorus loxostomus, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p- 65; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280.

Cyclophorus loxostoma, Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiu, 1861, Cyclophorus,
pl. 17, fig. 83; H. Nevill, Enum. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p.4;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xv.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) loxostoma, Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,

BOLE

Theobaldius loxostomus, Kobelt & Mollendortt, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 93.

Theobaldius loxustoma, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1907,
p- 558.

Original description :—** C. testa umbilicata, depressa, discoidea,
solidula, confertim filoso-striata, fusco-fulva, maculis pallidioribus
conspersa ; spira plana, vertice subtili haud prominente ; anfr. 5,
convexlusculis, sensim accrescentibus, ultimo terete, antice dilatato,
non descendente ; umbilico patereeformi, 3 diametri, superante ;

THEOBALDIUS. au

apertura diagonali, subcirculari, intus margaritacea ; perist. con-
tinuo, breviter adnato, recto, subduplicato, vix merassato.
“Diam. maj. 133, min. 11, alt. 4 mill.” ( Pfeiffer.)
Hab. Ceylon (Mr. Lear).

54. Theobaldius maculosus, Sowerby.

Cyclostoma maculosum, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1848, p. 66;
id., Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 112, pl. 31, figs. 256, 257; Pfeiffer,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847, p. 54, pl. 7, figs. 4-6.

Cyclophorus maculosus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vili, 1851, p. 1438 ;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 91; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 280 ; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 62; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiii, Cyclophorus, 1861, pl. 5, tig. 17; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 72; Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 116.

Theobaldius maculosus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 93; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1907, pp. 660, 566.

Original description :—* Cycl. testa suborbiculari, depressa,
crassiuscula, levi, castanea, albido-maculosa, spira paululum levata,
apice nigricante; anfractibus 4, rotundatis, obsolete spiraliter
striatis; apertura subcirculari, peritremate subincrassato, sub-
reflexo, postice acuminatiusculo; umbilico maximo, spiraliter
castaneo lineato.” (Sowerby.)

Alt. 13, maj. diam. 30, min. 23 mm.

Hab. Southern India (Kobelt & Méllendorff).

The country of origin of this species was unknown to Sowerby,
and all subsequent writers dealing with it have queried its habitat,
except Kobelt and Méllendorff, who indicated Southern India
in 1897.

55. Theobaldius nivicola, Godwin-Austen.

Cyelophorus (Myzxostoma) nivicola, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlv,
part 2, 1876, p. 173, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) nivicola, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275.
Theobaldius nivicola, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 94.

Original description :—‘Shell flatly discoidal, openly umbilicated.
Whorls 5, with distinct longitudinal striation, the last well
rounded on the periphery, large, the rest rapidly decreasing,
covered with a thick epidermis, colour dark brown-umber. At
half the circumference from the apex fine zigzag pale ochreous
markings ornament the upper surface; these widen and are
arranged closer towards the apex, which is pale; a black band on
the periphery is bounded by a pale narrow one. Spire slightly
raised. Suture deep. Aperture oblique, very slightly descending,
circular. Peristome thickened, double, reflected, with a small
re-entering notch near the suture. Operculum corneous, flat.

“ Major diam. 1-0 [25°5 mm.], alt. 0°45 inch [11°25 mm. ].

Hab. India: Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

38 CYCLOPHORID ¥,

“This form is a representative here of the Ceylonese C. bairdit.
A variety of the same size but plain, with pale band on the
periphery, on Toruputu Peak. Small (major diam. 0-65 | 16°5mm.])
varieties also occur, both ornamented and plain; the latter are
very similar in size and light ochreous colouration to C. ravdus of
the Nilgiri Hills, but the former have fine zigzag markings and a
single black band on the periphery.” (Godwin-Austen.)

56. Theobaldius oakesi, Godwin-Austen.

Cyclophorus oakesi, Godwin-Austen, Records Ind, Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 502, pl. 40, fig. 1.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, umbilicated, not
widely. Sculpture, a strong epidermis, fine lines of growth.
Colour strong sienna brown, mottled, broadish splashes of black.
No pheripheral band. Spire somewhat depressed, apex broad and
blunt. Suture impressed. Whorls 47, well rounded. Aperture
circular, suboblique. Peristome simple, not thickened, very
slightly expanded, in the best specimen it is not fully formed.
Operculum horny multispiral, smooth in front and concave.

Major diam. 9°4; alt. axis 4-8 mm.”

Hab, India: Tsanspu Valley, Abor Hills, 2 specimens (Oakes).

“The subgeneric position of this species is very doubtful; the
animal has not been seen.” (Godwin-Austei.)

The species is provisionally placed in the genus Theobaldius.
I have not seen specimens.

57. Theobaldius orites, Veviil.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) orttes, Nevill, J. A.S. B. 1, part 2, 1881,
p. 147, pl. 6, fig. 4.

Theobaldius orites, Kobelt & M@6llendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 94; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1907, p. 567, pl. 71, figs. 14-16.

Original description :—‘ Broadly and openly umbilicate, solid,
depressed, subdiscoidal, covered with a rather thick, smooth,
bright yellow, or horn-coloured, epidermis, throughout, under the
lens very minutely, closely, obliquely striated; spire perfectly flat,
suture excavate; whorls 4, the last one perfectly round, increasing
unusually rapidly in size; aperture circular, peristome double, the
outer margin above near the body whorl, being slightly sub-
angulately produced, showing a distinct transition to the ‘ wing-
like’ process of Péterocyclus, columellar margin oblique, the
duplication of the peristome becoming obsolete.

**Operculum thin, horny, slightly immersed, flat, composed of
five or six acutely defined volutions.

“ Alt. 53, diam. 14,5 mill.” (Nevill)

Hab, India: Chola Range, Sikkim.

THEOBALDIUS 389 -

58. Theobaldius parapsis, Benson,

Cyclophoris parapsis, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xii, 1853, p. 96;
Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i, 1854, p. 87; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 66 ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 18, fig. 90 ;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xv.

Myxostoma parapsis, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus ( Theobaldius) parapsis, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 277.

Theobaldius parapsis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 94; id., Conch,-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i,
1907, p. 558, pl. 69, figs. 21-25.

Original description :—‘* Testa late et perspective umbilicata,
orbiculato-depressa, tenui confertim striatula, olivacea, sub
epidermide tenui albida; spira planiuscula, apice vix prominulo,
sutura profunda; anfractibus 4 convexiusculis, ultimo cylindrico,
leviter descendente, non dilatato; apertura subverticali, sub-
cireulari, intus glancescente; peristomate continuo, breviter
adnato, recto, simplice, acuto: operculo tenui, corneo, arcte
spirato, medio concayiusculo, intus obtuse umbonali.

“ Diam. major 13, minor 10, alt. 5 mill.”

Hab. Ceylon: Darboul (£. LZ. Layard).

“Tt differs from C. loaostoma, Pfeiffer (a large and handsomely
marked variety of which was feund on the same rock), in
colouring, epidermis, depth of suture, narrower and deeper
umbilicus, and the more circular and vertical aperture, which
exhibits nothing of the diagonal departure from the axis
observable in Pfeiffer’s shell. The peristome also is acute and
single, instead of being double, slightly expanded and thickened,
as in that species, of which Mr. Layard’s specimen is variegated
with radiate and undulated chestnut stripes, and with a single
band on a fulvous ground.” (Benson.)

59. Theobaldius parma, Benson.

Cyclophorus parma, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xviii, 1856, p. 94 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 55; H. Nevill,
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1876, p. 57, pl. 143, figs. 2, 3.

Myxostoma parma, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Theobaldius parma, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 94; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1,
1907, p. 566, pl. 70, figs. 6, 7.

Original description:—*Testa latissime umbilicata, planato-
depressa, discoidea, tenniuscula, confertim et arcuatim sericato-
striata, saturate castanea, flammulis nonnullis pallidis spiram
versus ornata, subtus interdum pallidiori ; spira planata, apice nullo
modo prominente, sutura profunda ; anfractibus 5 convexis, ultimo

40 CYCLOPHORID®.

antice descendente; apertura valde obliqua, ampla, ovato-rotundata,
superne angulata, intus livide cexrulea; peristomate duplici,
interiori continuo, albido, ad dextram expansiusculo, exteriori
breviter interrupto, expansiusculo, fusco-corneo ; margine colu-
mellari subtus recedente, dextro prorsum arcuato ; umbilico latis-
simo, minime profundo. Operculo tenui, corneo, 5}-spirato, suturis
intus extusque pulchre carinatis.

‘Diam. major 26, minor 23, alt. 6 mill.”

Hab. Ceylon (FE. L. Layard).

BOR as er . The shell is easily distinguished from the other
planorbular Cyclophort of Ceylon by its dark colour and depressed
form, which recall those of Pterocyclos hispidus, Pearson, by its
very wide and shallow umbilicus, and by the size and peculiar
position of the aperture. The whorls of the operculum, which is
of a clear horn-colour, are less closely wound than in C. eratera.”
( Benson.)

60. Theobaldius phenotopicus, Benson.

Cyclostoma phenotopicum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, viii, 1851,
p. 190; x, 1852, p. 271; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1854, p. 386, pl. 50, figs. 20, 21.

Cyclophorus phaenotopicus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 144 ;
id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 70; id., Mon, Pneum.
1852, p. 100; Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Theobald, J.A.S.B.
xxvii, 1858, p. 322; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus,
pl. 18, fig. 91; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 3.

Myxostoma phenotopicum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus ( Theobaldius) phaenotopicus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

277.

Theobaldius phaenotopicus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 95; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1907, p. 567.

Original description :— Testa subaperte umbilicata, depressa,
subdiscoidea, tenui, non nitente, striis scabris, acutis, radiatis,
elevatis, aliis, impressis spiralibus, sub lente vix percipiendis,
prope suturam decussatis, rufo-fusca, strigis augulatis, interruptis
picta; spira depressa, apice prominula, sutura impressa; an-
fractibus 44 convexis, sensim accrescentibus ; apertura circulari,
peristomate tenui, recto, marginibus approximatis ; umbilico
profundo, perspectivo. Opercule corneo, tenui, concaviusculo,
aretispirali ; anfractibus 7-8.

“ Diam. major 12, minor 10, alt. 4 mill.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling, Sikkim (Stoliczka, Theobald, H. F.
Blanford, Mainwaring).

* Although the larger of my two specimens does not bear the
signs of age, yet, even if the peristome should be found to acquire
a further development, the peculiar dull and sharp scabrous
sculpture, as well as the narrower umbilicus, will serve to prevent

THEOBALDIUS. 41

the species from being confounded with any allied form, such as
C.annulatum and C, stenostoma, which possess a similar operculum,
The impressed spiral strize are confined to the inner slope of the
whorl, towards the suture, and are only visible under a lens.”
( Benson.)

This description Benson subsequently amplified * as follows :—
‘“‘ Peristomate verticali, integro, expansiusculo, subreflexo, su-
perne duplicato, lamella exteriore ibidem subangulato.

‘Diam. major 13, minor 10, axis 5} mill.”

61. Theobaldius ravidus, Benson.

Cyclostoma ravidum, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 190;

aoe Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 585, pl. 50, figs.
— IO.

Cyclophorus ravidus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 144; id.,
Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 70; id., Mon. Pneum.
1852, p. 99; Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon,
xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 20, fig. 102; W. T. & H. F. Blanford,
J. A.S. B. xxx,1861, p. 364; Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxviii, 1869,
p. 148; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 42, pl. 105,
figs. 5, 6.

Myzxostoma ravidum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 87.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) ravidus, Nevill, Hand List, i. 1878,
p. 276 (+-var. anamullayensis and var. wynaadensis).

Theobaldius ravidus, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17 ; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 95; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1907, p. 568.

Original description :—‘ Testa aperte umbilicata, subdiscoidea,
nitidiuscula, confertim scabre tenuiter radiato-striata, olivaceo-
lutea, sub epidermide alba; spira vix elevata, apice planato,
obtuso, sutura impressa ; anfractibus 4 convexiuseulis, lente ac-
crescentibus, ultimo cylindraceo, antice vix descendente, superne
prope suturam sub lente obsolete spiraliter striato; apertura
obliqua, circulari, peristomate tenui, recto, marginibus callo tenui
junctis; umbilico lato, perspectivo; operculo tenui, corneo,
multispirato, extus concaviusculo.

“ Diam. major 15, minor 13, axis 7 mill.”

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, Blanford); Kolamullay (Llan-
ford) ; Anamullay Hills, Wynaad, Battingh, Battenpathi; Sheva-
roy Hills (Beddome).

“The species differs from C. annulatum, Troschel, which has a
similar operculum, in the more closely-wound whorls, in the
narrower umbilicus, more delicate sculpture, and absence of any
pattern on the upper side.” (Bensoi.)

Blanford states + that the species attains a considerably larger
size in the Anamullay Hills and the Wynaad than the type,
shells from the former locality measuring 27 mm. by 22 mm., and

* A.M.N.H. ser. 2, x, 1852, p. 271.
t J. A.S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 148.

42 CYCLOPHORID®.

from the latter 24 mm. by 19°56 mm. The operculum, when in
good condition, has raised margins to the whorls. He was in-

clined, however, to consider the species identical with C. annulatus,
from Ceylon.

Fig. 10.— Theobaldius ravidus. (Shell nat. size, opere. X 3.)

Nevill separated these two forms from the type as varieties,
naming them anamullayensis and wynaadensis respectively, with-
out, however, giving any definition ; he even added in brackets
“Usp. NOV.”

The specimen now figured is from the Beddome collection
kindly lent by Mr. Leman. It measures 16 x 14 mm. in diameter,
alt. 8mm. The operculum is many-whorled and closely coiled.

62. Theobaldius shiplayi, Pfedffer.

Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) shiplayt, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856,
p- 237 ; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p .68 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xili, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 18, fig. 85; Pfeitfer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 76; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p. 97, pl. 145, figs. 7, 10.

Myxostoma shiplayi, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) shiplayi, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
Declines

Theobaldius shiplay?, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 95; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1907, p. 568, pl. 71, figs. 7, 8.

Original description: —“C. testa umbilicata, depressa, tenuiuscula,
membranaceo-striata, fulva, castaneo oblique strigata; spira vix
elevata; anfr. 4 convéxis, ultimo terete; umbilico + diametri
occupante ; apertura obliqua, subcirculari; perist. simplice, recto,
ad anfractum contiguum vix interrupto. Operce.?

“Diam, may. 7, mae Os alts ome) MCerenpens)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Shiplay).

63. Theobaldius stenostoma, Sowerby.
Cyclostoma stenostomus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 95, pl. 31,
fie. 261,
Cyclostoma stenostoma, Pfeiffer, Conch,-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849,
p. 149, pl. 20, figs. 28-25. 5

THEOBALDIUS. 43

Cyclophorus ee Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 108;
Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xili, 1861, a a pli, fips 82; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1875, p: 42, pl. 105, figs. 7,8; G. Nevill, J.A.S. B.
1, part 2, 1881, p. 146 (var. substenostoma).

Cyclophorus stenostomus, Pfeiffer, Zeits.. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 143 ;
id., Cat. Phaneropn. 1852, p. 64; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll.
il, 1855, p. 280.

My.costoma stenostoma, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
. Ol.

Cyclophorus (Theobaldius) stenostoma, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
. 276,

Theobaldius stenostomus, Kobelt & Modllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17.

Theobaldius stenostoma, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 95; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyelophoridae, i, 1907, p. 5€9, pl. 71,
figs, 11-13.

Original description :—“ T. suborbiculari, depressa, crassa, levi,
eastanea, albido-maculosa; spira fere plana, anfractibus 4, sub-
rotundatis ; apertura fere circulari, postice subangulata, paululum
eoarctata, peritremate subincrassato, umbilico maximo; operculo
corneo, anfractibus sex.

‘“¢ Shell suborbicular, depressed, thick, smooth, chestnut coloured
with whitish specks; spire nearly flat, volutions 4, somewhat
rounded ; aperture nearly circular, angular posteriorly, slightly
contracted ; peritreme a little thickened; umbilicus very large ;
operculum horny, with six volutions. Arabia.” (Sowerby.)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Blanford) ; Ootacamund (Stoliczka).

Var. anguis, Hanley & Theobald.

Cyclophorus stenostoma, var. angus (Sowerby), Hanley & Theobald,
Yoneh. Ind. 1875, p. 45, pl. 105, fig. 9.

Theobaldius stenostoma, var. anguis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 96.

Larger than the type, and has the entire upper surface concen-
trically shagreened by wavy and somewhat broken raised wrinkles.
Hanley and Theobald considered this variety to be possibly a dis-
tinct species.

Hab. India: Nilgiris.

The type was originally stated by Sowerby to be from Arabia,
evidently an error.

64. Theobaldius subplicatus, Beddome.

Cyclophorus subplicatus, Beddome, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 452, pl. 53,
figs. 25-27; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 406.

Cyclophorus subplicatulus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p. xv, pl. 145, figs. 5, 7.

Myxostoma subplicatulus (Bedd.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, Addenda, p. 11.

44 CYCLOPHORID®.,

Theobaldius subplicatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 96; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1907, p. 563, pl. 70, figs. 13, 14.

Original description :—“ Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed,
solid, of a dark chestnut-brown and covered with a dusty fuscous
epidermis when young, closely striated obliquely and incon-
spicuously, spirally lirate, and ornamented with oblique rather
inconspicuous scarcely raised folds or plications which are angled
above the region of the periphery on the lowest whorl and again
run backwards; spire slightly elevated, apex obtuse, sutures
deep; whorls 4, convex, the last descending slightly towards the
peristome ; aperture oblique, subcircular, angled at its left apex ;
peristome double, both lips continuous, the inner white, the outer
scarcely expanded except at its left apex; operculum of a single
horny thin layer, subeoncave externally, with 6 spiral whorls :
diameter 1,5 inch [27 mm.], height 2 inch [9-5 mm. 4?

Hab. Ceylon : Haycock Mountain. (Beddome).

“Very like ©. layardi, but with the spiral lines much less
prominent and furnished with peculiar oblique folds, and the
peristome less reflexed.” (Beddome.)

65. Theobaldius thwaitesi, Pfeiffer.

Cyclophorus thwaitesi, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 127; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 18, fig. 87; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fig. 9 (not fig. 8); 1876, p. xv;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic, Pneum. Ceylon, 1ST pat: Jousseaume,
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 305.

Myxostoma thwaitesii, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,

Ole

Theobaidius thwaitesi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 96; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, i, 1908, p. 699, pl. 70, figs. 4, 5.

Original description :—*< ©. testa late umbilicata, depressa, sub-
discoidea, tenui, subconfertim arcuato-striata, nitidula, luteo-
fulva, strigis angulosis castaneis eleganter flammata ; pia sub-
plana, vertice vix prominulo; sutura profunda; anfr. 4, modice
convexis, celeriter acerescentibus, ultimo terete, antice vix descen-
dente; apertura fere diagonali, ovali-rotundata ; intus submar-
garitacea ; pes simplice, acuto, marginibus fere contiguis, callo
tenui junctis, dextro expansiusculo, columellari subreflexo.

“¢ Diam. maj. 12, min. 9, alt. 5 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites) ; Kandy, Galle (Semon).

66. Theobaldius tristis, Blanford.

Pterocyclos ? tristis, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxviii, part 2, 1869,
p. 154, pl. 16, fig. 9 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Cyclophorus tristis, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. 57,
pl. 143, figs. 5 mG:

THEOBALDIUS, —CYCLOPHORUS., 45

Cyclophorus ( Theobaldius) tristis, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 276.

Theobaldius tristis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1992, p. 96; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1908, p. 700, pl. 70, figs. 11, 12.

Original description :—“ Testa late umbilicata, depressa, tenuis,
epidermide crassa, fulvescenti-brunnea induta; sub epidermide
albida, striatula. Spira convexa, apice parui exserto, per-obtuso,
sutura profunda. Anfr. 5 rotundati; ultimus teres, longe sen-
sim descendens. Apertura obliqua, rotunda; peristoma_ bre-
vissime adnatum, duplex; internum parum porrectum, superne
juxta suturam vix sinuatum; externum leviter expansum, con-
tinuum, a peristomate interno sulco discretum, supra ejus sinum
in alam verticalem parvam, instar tubuli imperfecti, antice spec-
tantem anfractum penultimum non attingentem, breviter cucul-
latim productum. Operce.? Diam. maj. 194, min. 16, axis
94 mill. Ap. diam. intus 63.

“Shell widely umbilicated, depressed, thin, covered with a
thick, olivaceous brown epidermis ; beneath the epidermis white,
faintly striated. The epidermis is closely rugately striated near
the suture. Spire convex; apex scarcely exserted, obtuse ; suture
deep. Whorls 5, rounded, the last cylindrical, descending very
gradually for a considerable distance behind the aperture. Mouth
oblique, circular; peristome double, the two portions divided by a
groove; the inner slightly projecting, with a very small, almost
obsolete sinus above, close to the suture; the outer a little
expanded, and produced above into a short vertical wing, opening
in front, and forming an imperfect tube; it is just above the
imperfect sinus in the inner peristome, and does not touch the
penultimate whorl. Operculum unknown. Major diameter 0°8,
minor 0°62, axis 0°36; diameter of the aperture 0°26 inch.”
(Blanford.)

Hab. India: South Canara, Tinnevelly (17. Beddome).

In the absence of the operculum the species was doubtfully
referred to the genus Pterocyclus by the author, but the sub-
sequent discovery of specimens with the operculum led Hanley and
Theobald to refer it to Cyclophorus.

Genus CYCLOPHORUS, Montfort.

Cyclophorus, Montfort, Conchyl. Syst. ii, 1810, p. 290; Pfeiffer,
Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 107; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 54;
Adams, Genera Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279; Fischer, Man.
Conchyl. 1885, p. 748; Godwin-Austen, Land and Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1897, p. 17; Sarasin, Land-Moll. Celebes, 1899, p. 32 ;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 97.

Tyrer, Helix volvulus, Miller.

Range. South-Eastern Asia, New Guinea, Africa.
Shell globose-turbinate, depressed, or discoid; peristome

46 CYCLOPHORIDA,

continuous, expanded, or straight. Operculum corneous, thin,
narrowly coiled, more or less concave externally, smooth, edges of
whorls not raised.

Subgenus LITOSTYLUS, Kobelt 4° Méllendor ff.

Litostylus (ucm. nud.), Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 83 (part.); id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 16;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 97.

Typ, Helix involvulus, Miller.

Range. India, Ceylon, Farther India, Philippines.
‘‘ Shell more or less depressed, ribbed or spirally lirate, peristome
not dilated.” (Kobelt.)

67. Cyclophorus ceylanicus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma ceylanicum (Sowerby MS.), Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
stomaceen, 1849, p. 171, pl. 29, tigs. 1-3.

Cyclostoma indicum, Sower by, Thes. Conch. ii , 1850, p. 163 *, pl. 31 4,
tigs. 520, 321 (non Deshayes).

Cyclophorus ceylanicus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 140;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 70; id., Cat. Phere ouG Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 47; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 272;
Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 51; Suppl. 2, 1865, p- 66;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 33, fig. 2; H.
Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. Ales Pfeiffer,
Suppl. 3, 1875, pp. 105, 406; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1876, p. xv; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 35;
Nevill, Hand’ List, i, 1878, p. 272.

Cyclophorus menkeanus, Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus,
pl. 10, fig. 42 (non Philippi).

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) ceylanicus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Poeum. 1899,
p. 17; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902 2, p. 98; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p- 689, pl. 101, figs. 9, 10, pl. 103,
figs. om 8.

Original description :-—* C. testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
solida, liris permultis elevatis acutis (interpositis minoribus)
striisque longitudinalibus confertissimis decussata, saturate cas-
tanea, strigis albis, angustis, undulatis picta; spira conoidea,
obtusiuscula ; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo infra carinam submedianam,
acutiorum fascia lata nigricante ornato, circa umbilicum infundi-
bulformem subcompresso, stramineo; apertura subobliqua, sub-
circulari, intus ccerulescenti-alba ; perist. incrassato, candido,
marginibus callo tenui superne angulatim junctis, dextro expanso,
columellari reflexo.—Operc. corneum, arctispirum, extus vix
concavum.

* Diam. maj. 37, min. 30, alt. 24 mil. Ap. intus oblique
17 mill. longa.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. Ceylon.

Allied to C. stenomphalus, but the spirals are much more pro-
minent and more acute.

CYCLOPHORGS. 47

68. Cyclophorus cornutus, Kobelt.

Cyclostoma cornu venatorium (non Heli cornu-venatorium, Gmelin,
1791), Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i. 1843, p. 107, pl. 24, fig. 41 (not
42); Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab,, Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 159, pl. 22,
figs. 1-3; 1854, p. 387, pl. 49, figs. 14-16; Benson, A. M. N. H.
ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 210.

Aulopoma cornu venatorium, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 111;
vill, 1851, p. 188; Gray, Nomencel. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 14 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 58; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 283.

Cyclophorus cornu venatorium, Theobald, J. A.S.B. xxvi, 1857,
p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 69; Blanford,
J.A.S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 96; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, p. 42, pl. 104, figs. 5,6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 268.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) cornu venatorium, Kobelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105 ; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 17.

Cyclophorus (Intostylus) cornutus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 98 (nom. mut.) ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908,
p- 646, pl. 91, fig. 7.

Original description :—* T. orbiculato-depressa, albicante ; spira
mucronata, nigra; anfractibus 4 ventricosis, superne transversim
striatis, infra levibus, linea mediana ferruginea; sutura profunda ;
apertura circulari, peritremate tenui, acuto; umbilico maximo.

“Shell orbicular, depressed, whitish ; spire mucronated, with a
black apex; volutions 4, ventricose, transversely striated on the
upper part, smooth beneath, with a brown spiral line in the
middle; suture deep; aperture circular; peritreme thin, acute;
unbilicus very large.” (Sowerby.)

Hab. Burma: Ava (Oldham).

69. Cyclophorus involvulus, Wiiller.
Heliv imvolvulus, Miller, Hist. Verm. part 2, 1774, p. 84; Wood,

Index Test. 1825, pl. 32, fig. 8.

Cyclostoma involvulus, Benson, J. A.S. B. v, 1836, p. 8355 ; Sowerby, :
Thes. Conch. i, 1845, p. 119, pl. 26, figs. 114-116; Pfeiffer, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847, p. 28, pl. 4, figs. 3,4; pl. 8, figs. 10-12
(var.).

Cyclophorus involvulus, Pfeitter, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 108; viii,
1851, p. 138; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 39;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 1, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 2, fig. 1; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 273; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1855, p. 744,
pl. 12, fig. 41; Westerlund, Vega Exped. Vetensk. Jakttag. iv,
1885, p. 188; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. Franee, vii, 1894,
», B04.

Cains (Litostylus) involvulus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 17: Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 99; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 651, pl. 93, fig. 7.

48 CYCLOPHORID ®.

“'T. umbilicata, turbinato-depressa, solida, superne costis spiral-
ibus, obtuse elevatis, subconfertis munita, pallide fulvida, castaneo
marmorata ; spira brevis, subacuminata ; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus
latus, medio fascia pallida, infra peripheriam fascia lata nigricante,
albido conspersa, ornatus, basi convexa albidus ; umbilicus medio-
cris, pervius; apertura parum obliqua, subcircularis, superne
obsolete angulata, intus aurantiaca; perist. duplex; internum
continuum, rectum, subincrassatum, igneum, externum reflexum,
pallidius.—Opere. normale.—Diam. maj. 34, min. 28, alt. 20 mill.
Ap. intus 14 mill. longa.” (Pfeiffer.)

Heb. India: Behar, Sylhet (Benson); Ceylon (Anderson, Layard) ;
Point de Galle (Vega Exp.).

70. Cyclophorus jerdoni, Benson.

Cyclostoma jerdoni, Benson, A.M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 185;
Pfeitfer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 382, pl.50, figs. 1-3.

Cyclophor us jerdoni, Pfeiffer, Zeits, Malak. vill, 1851, p. 140; Cat.
Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 48; id., Mon. Preum. 1852,
». 71; Benson, A.M. N.H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415; Adams,
Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, eri
Cyclophorus, pl. 5, fig. 20; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxv, part 2
1866, pp. 88 & 40; Hanley x Theobald, Conch. ae 180, pl. 33,
figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, p. 3

Cyclophor us polynema, var. ’erdom, Nevill, Hand ne i, 1878,
. 272.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) jerdoni, Kobelt & Mollendorti, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 17; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902, ; ». 99.

Original description:—‘ Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
supra lineis elevatis spiralibus confertissimis corrugatis, strias
obliquas decussantibus, subtus striis decussatis levioribus munita,
albida, flammis fulguratis castaneis superne, et usque ad dimidium
basis picta, fascia pallida mediana, flammulis attenuatis articulata,
cincta ; spira depressa, apice prominula, sutura distincta ; anfrac-
tibus 5 convexis, ultimo prope suturam depresso-planulato,
peripheria subangulata; apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari, ad
apicem angulata, peristomate expansiusculo, incrassato, albido, ad
umbilicum subreflexo; marginibus callo crasso junctis, umbilico
mediocri, profundo, pervio, anfractus 2 exhibente.

* Diam. maj. 35, min. 28, axis 20 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon); Balarangam (Beddome); Ana-
mullays (Blanford).

‘* Distinguished by its peculiar sculpture, more depressed form,

rather wider umbilicus, and less expanded and less reflected peri-
stome, from the white-lpped shell figured by Sowerby, Pl. Supp.
no. 318, f. 321, as C. indicwn, Deshayes, and by Pfeiffer, as
C. ceylanicum, Sowerby, who subsequently suppressed his MS.
name. It is also less darkly coloured than that species, and the
whitish ground forms a greater proportion in the markings. ‘The

CYCLOPHORUS. 49

red-mouthed var. of C. indicum, figured by Sowerby, was sent to
me by Dr. Jerdon as found on the opposite face of the Nilgherris.”
( Benson.)

71. Cyclophorus liratula, Preston.

Cyclophorus liratula, Preston, Records Ind. Mus. iii, 1909, p. 138,
pl. 22, fig. 8.

Original deseription:—* Shell subdiscoidal, moderately solid,
covered with a brown periostracum; spire raised; whorls 34,
somewhat rapidly increasing in size, painted with broad, regular,
brownish purple flame markings, rather coarselv, spirally lirate
and very finely transversely striate; umbilicus wide and deep;
peristome continuous, double; aperture nearly circular ; interior
of shell bearing a bluish white callus for a distance of about four
millimetres from the aperture.

“Altitude 6. Diam. maj. 11 mm. Aperture, alt. 4, diam.
3°5 mm.” (Preston.)

Hab. Ceylon.

72. Cyclophorus menkeanus, Philippi.

Cyclostoma menkeanum, Philippi, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1848, p. 123;

ee Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1848, p. 171, pl. 28,
as. 6-8.

Cyclophorus menkeanus, Pteiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 107 (nom.
nud.); id., op. cit. vill, 1852, p. 159; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 44; id. Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 66; Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. 10, fig. 42; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 33,
fig. 3; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 4;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 303.

Cyclophorus tnvolvulus, var. menkeana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 273.

Guclaphorus (Litostylus) menkeanus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1897,
p. 17; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 100.

Original description :—‘ C. testa depressa, conica, confertim et
argute transverse striata, alba, ferrugineo nebulosa; zona ferruginea
anguste ambitum anfractus ultimi cingente; basi lactea, levi;
anfractibus quinque, convexis, ultimo tereti; umbilico mediocri ;
apertura subcireulari, superius subangulata; peritremate albo,
continuo, subreflexo, demum swpius repitito.” (Philippi.)

Diam. maj. 30, min. 28, alt. 20; ap. 15 mill. long. 5 lat.
(Ppeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon: Kandy (Simon).

73. Cyclophorus muspratti, Godwin-Austen &: Beddome.

Cyclophorus musprattt, Godwin-Austen & Beddome, A. M. N. H.
ser. 6, xili, 1894, p. 506.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) muspratti, Kobelt & M@dllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 105 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 17;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- 101; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 662, pl. 96, figs. 5, 6.

B

50 CYCLOPHORID#.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, turbinate, slightly
keeled; sculpture, apex smooth, the whorls thenee are longi-
tudinally ribbed and striated, increasing in strength near the
suture from above downwards, and crossed by the lines of growth,
producing a deccussate surface; this is coarser and rougher on the
last whorl and under surface. Colour madder-brown, crossed by
mottled broken lines on whorls 3 and 4. Spire conic, moderately
high, sides shghtly convex, apex sharp; suture shallow; whorls 5,
sides convex, the last somewhat keeled; aperture circular, oblique ;
peristome white, not thickened, slightly reflected.

“Size, type: maj. diam. 48°75, min. 39°0; alt. axis 22-25 mm.

largest : I 20205 42-0 7 eZine:
Hab. India; Naga Hills (Doherty); Maokokchung, Naga Hills
(Muspratt).

‘In the young shell the longitudinal strie are very sharp and
distinct, quite lirate in appearance; this character separates it
from the other species of Cyclophorus from those hills.” (Godwin-
Austen & Beddome.)

74. Cyclophorus nagaensis, Godwin-Austen & Beddome.

Cyclophorus nagaensis, Godwin-Austen & Beddome, A. M. N. H.
ser. 6, xiii, 1894, p. 507.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nagaensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 17; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,1902, p. 101.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, turbinate, not keeled ;
sculpture, lmes of growth only, without any spiral lines being

Fig. 11.—Cyclophorus nagaensis.

visible. Colour grey-brown, more ochraceous below, when wetted
of a madder-brown colour ; a white line on the periphery, bounded
by a broad very dark band, shaded off below ; the third whorl is
crossed by narrow wavy white lines; in the next growth these
lines are wider apart and zigzag in outline; the next and final

OYCLOPHORUS. 51

growth is plain. Spire depressedly conoid, apex subacute; suture
shallow; whorls 5, rounded; aperture subvertical, large, circular,
grey within; peristome not much thickened, scarcely reflected,
bright orange-red.

** Major diam. 45, min. 36; alt. axis 21 mm.”

Hab, India: Khonomaand Kigwema, Naga Hills,5000-6000 feet
(Doherty) ; Maokokchung, Naga Hills, Assam (Musprait).

“The form of this species is only similar to C, Pearsonz, but the
red of the lip is more intense than in shells from the typical
locality ; its very smooth surface also distinguishes it.” (Godwin-
Austen § Beddome.)

The species is now figured for the first time from a specimen in
the British Museum; it measures, major diam. 48, min. 35;
alt. (cum perist.) 34 mm.

75. Cyclophorus nilagiricus, Benson.

Cyclostoma nilagiricum, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, x, 1852, p. 268.

Cyclophorus milagiricus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854,
p- 415; Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i, 1854, p. 83; id., Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, Helis) p- 52; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. 2, fig. 6; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 1, fig. 5, 1876, p. xv; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 269
(+ var. minor).

Cyclophorus niligiricus, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xlv, 1876, part 2,
. 185.

Cainer nilgiricus, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.
Cyclophorus (Litostylus) nilagiricus, Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p.17:
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Thief. 1G 190250. 101s ids Conch. -Cab.,

Cyclophoridae, i i, 1908, p. 656, pl. 95, figs. 1-6.
Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) pirrieanum, Pfeiffer, P. Z. S. 1853, p. 51.
Cyclophor BS OEE, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i, 1854, p. 85; Benson,
A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 53.

Original description :— Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
solida, liris spiralibus 8-9 majoribus, quibusdam parvis obsoletis
ineequidistantibus interjectis munita, castanea, ad peripheriam
albido-articulata, infra fascia latissima saturatiore, superne strigis
radiatis angustis undatis albidis frequentioribus, subtus rarioribus
ornata ; spira ad apicem exsertiuscula, obtusata ; anfractibus 5,
convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam subfuniculato- carinato,
superne angulato, cirea suturam late planato, subtus circa periom-
phalum excavatum levigatum compresso, umbilico mediocri pro-
fundo, subcylindrico; apertura obliqua, pyriformi-rotundata,
aurantiaca, fauce cerulescente, peristomate expanso, incrassato,
reflexiusculo, aurantiaco, breviter adnato, prope umbilicum leviter
sinuato, superne angulato, producto, intus sulco intrante impresso.

* Diam. major 43-45, minor 34-36, axis 22-24 mill.”

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, Blanford, Beddome) ; Travancore
(Bourdillon) ; W alaghat, Koondah Hillis (Pirvie); South Canara,
Balarangam (Beddome).

+)

52 CYCLOPHORID &.

“The young of C. nilagiricum preserved its distinctness from
C. Jerdoni in the same condition by its sculpture, colour, the
depression of the spire, the broad flattening observable above
the shoulder of the whorl, the angulation of the shoulder, the
excavation of the periomphalum, its compressed angulated edge,
and by the blue colour of the interior, which is bordered with
chestnut in the young, but gradually gives place to the orange of
the peristome in the adult example of C. nilagiricum, while the
whole of the interior is white in both states of C. Jerdom. The
spiral strize are not very conspicuous on the underside of
CO. nilagiricum, and are entirely discontinued at a short distance
from the periphery, the region of the umbilicus being smooth.
In most of the allied species the umbilicus and its neighbourhood
are pale, but in this species the dark chestnut ground colour of
the shell extends over the whole exterior surface where not broken
by flecks or streaks of whitish.” (Benson.)

76. Cyclophorus peciloneurus, Godwin-Austen § Beddome.
Cyclophorus peciloneurus, Godwin-Austen & Beddome, A. M. N. H.
ser. 6, xiii, 1894, p. 507.
Cyclophorus (Litostylus) poecilonenrus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachy.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 105; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 17; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 102.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, turbinate, keeled ;
sculpture, apex smooth and shining ; five distinct lrate ribs run
contiguous to the suture on the lower margin of the whorls,
commencing with the third whorl; these have two finer thread-
like ribs between them, and similar fine liration is continued above
and on the lower surface of the shell, crossed by strong lines of
growth on the epidermis. Colour umber-brown, marbled with
madder-brown, given off from a few strong spots of this colour
next the suture; the peripheral rib is dashed with white at
intervals. Spire conoid, sides flat, apex sharp; suture shallow ;
whorls 5, subeconvex, the last sharply keeled, forming a strong
rib; aperture oblique-ovate, ample on the outer margin, grey
within ; peristome white, well thickened in mature shells, sharply
reflected.

Maj. diam. Min. diam. Alt. axis.

min, mm. mm.
COMPO sacheapeleietet steeper tee oil 25°75 15
Col. Beddome’s largest sp. 33 26 16
Var. with red lip ; a pee
(aureolabris, Nev.) } S280 219 uae

Hab. India: Lahupa Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen); eastward
to the Dihing River (Ogle); Naga Hills (Doherty) ; Maokokchung,
Naga Hills (Muspratt).

‘© Tn these eastern hills this form takes the place of C. zebrinus
of the Khasi Hills &e., but it is much larger, the spiral ribbing is
much stronger, the whorls are more convex, and it is more openly
umbilicated.

CYCLOPHORUS. 53

“Allthe specimens in Lieut.-Col. Godwin-Austen’s collection,
and also those collected by Mr. Doherty, are white-lipped shells ;

among the specimens received by Col. Beddome the red-lipped
predominate.

Fig. 12.—Cyclophorus peciloneurus.

“The coloration is very variable ; in some, as in the type, the
marbling occurs in fine zigzag lines far apart, in other examples
these are so closely run together as to give the shell a beautiful
ruddy colour.” (Godwin-Austen § Beddome.)

This species remained unfigured until Dr. Kobelt illustrated
the variety aureolabris in the Conchylien-Cabinet from a specimen
in the Mollendorff collection. The shell now figured represents
the typical, white-lipped form. It is from the Beddome collection
and measures: Major diam. 33, min. 27°5 mm. Alt. (incl. apert.)
28 mm.

Var. aureolabris, Nevill.

Cyclophorus zebrinus, var. aureolabris, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 268.

Cyclophorus peciloneurus, var. aureolabris,4odwin- Austen, A.M.N.H.
ser. 6, xiii, 1894, p. 508.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) poeciloneurus, var. aureolabris, Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 102; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, 1908, p. 639, pl. 90, figs. 10-12.

A large variety with the peristome of a brilliant orange-colour.
Diam, 34°5 mm.

The Beddome collection contains three specimens of this variety,
agreeing well in outline with Kobelt’s figure, but they are much
darker in colour.

77. Cyclophorus polynema, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus ?) polynema, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
p- 126; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 46; Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 64; Suppl. 5, 1875, p. 103; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 2, fig. 8; 1876, p.xv; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 272.

54 CYCLOPHORID&.

Cyclophorus (Litostylus) polynema, Kobelt & Méllendortt, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899,
p» 18; Kobelt, Das) Mierrerch) Miet. 1G) 1002; sp wl02- aids,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1, 1908, p. 651, pl. 98, fig. 8.

Original description :— C. testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
tenuiusculo, oblique striatula et liris filiformibus confertissimis,
subtus obsoletioribus, cincta, superne flammis angulosis lete
castaneis et albidis variegata; spira brevi, turbinata, apice obtusula;
antr. 43, convexiusculis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo ad suturam
antice subplanato, peripheria obsoletissime angulato et fascia lata,
nigro-fusea, deorsum diluto ornato, circa umbilicum mediocrem
pallido ; apertura obliqua, subrotundata, latiore quam alta; perist.
albo, continuo, breviter adnato, margine dextro expansiusculo,
columellari breviter revoluto.

* Diam. maj. 33, min. 26, alt. 17 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. India: Cuttack, Manbhoom (Stoliczka).

78. Cyclophorus pyrotrema, Benson.

Cyclophorus pyrotrema, oe A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 412 ;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 45; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. 4, fig. 18; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 2, fig. 10, + var. fig. 9; 1876, p. xv; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 272;
Martens, Arch. Naturg. Ixy, part 1, 1899, p. 31.

Cyclophorus (Latostylus) pyrotrema, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 103; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 665, pl. 97, fig. 3.

Original description:—* Testa umbilicata, turbinato-conica,
solida, superne costis spiralibus, obtusiusculis, confertis, striisque
obliquis confertissimis sculpta, castaneo albidoque fulguratim
strigata et marmorata; spira conica, elevatiuscula, apice acuto.
Anfractibus 5 convexis, ultimo fascia albida mediana, infra
peripheriam obsolete angulatam fascia lata, subtus nonnullis aliis
castaneis ornata; basi valde convexa circa umbilicum submediocrem
pervium albida; apertura vix obliqua, irregulariter subcirculari,
superne angulata, intus lactea vel crulescente; peristomate
duplici, breviter ad anfractum penultimum adnato, interno con-
tinuo, expansiusculo igneo, externo reflexiusculo albido, margine
columellari sensim arcuato, fere verticali, subrevoluto, subsinuato.
Operculo normali, tenui, pallide fusco, margine anfractuum
elevatiusculo, scabro.

“Diam, major 36, minor 30, alt. 26 mill.

9 °
” 2 OF, ce) 28, ” 24 ”

5 ”
ue) 20S ae 2) a oe

Hab. India: Sikrigal, Patharghata, Bahar (W. H. Benson) ;
Rajmehal Hills (Raban) ; ; Rungpore (H. #. Blanford); Burma:
Padoukbin, Thyet-Myo (Nétling).

CYCLOPHORUS. 55)

“With a general resemblance in form to C. indicus, Desh., it
will be at once distinguished by the absence of a keel or acute
spiral ribs, by the wider umbilicus, less developed peristome, and
more elevated form. The very gradual arcuation of the columellar
lip is also an essential character, detracting from the uniformity
of the circular aperture. The sinus observable at this part,
impinging on the plane of the aperture, is also conspicuous in
C. indicus.

“A variety occurs in which the shell is of a pale buff colour,
darker towards the apex, the bands and markings being obsolete,
aud the colour of the peristome being equally vivid with that of
the typical shells. Another thinner variety occurs in which the
interior coloured lip is not present.” (Benson)

79. Cyclophorus spironema, P/ciffer.
Cyclostoma ( Cyclophorus) spironema, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854,
p. 127; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 53; Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 67; Suppl. 3, 1874, p. 109.
Cyclophorus (Litostylus) spironema, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106: id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 104.

Original description :—‘‘ C. testa umbilicata, subturbinato-
depressa, solida, liris crebris filiformibus sculpta, superne late
castaneo et albido variegata; spira brevi, vertice acutiusculo ;
sutura submarginata; anfr. 4, convexis, rapide accrescentibus,
ultimo juxta suturam subplanato, ad peripheriam rotundatum

Fig. 13.—Cyclophorus spironema.

fascia alba et infra eam altera late castanea ornato, cirea umbilicum
latiusculum subleevigato, pallido; apertura vix obliqua, subangulato-
cireulari ; perist. continuo, breviter adnato, vix expanso, «tate in
tubum mediocrem, spiraliter striatum, producto.

“Diam. maj. 28, min. 223, alt. 14 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. India.

56 CYCLOPHORID ®.

The species is now illustrated for the first time from a specimen
in the British Museum. ‘Two specimens in the Beddome
collection—labelled Burma—have tbe peristome much more
thickened and lengthened into a tube.

Subgenus GLOSSOSTYLUS, Aobelt & Mollendorff.

Glossostylus (nom. nud.), Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106 (part); id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 1065.
Tren, Cyclostoma validum, Sowerby.

Range. India, Farther India, Formosa, Malaysia, Philippines.

‘‘ Shell depressed or conoid, generally with spiral keels. Peri-
stome thickened, frequently with a winglike expansion, last
whorl not dilated at the aperture.” (Kobelt in German.)

80. Cyclophorus altivagus, Benson.

Cyclophorus altivagus, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser, 2, xiv, 1854, p. 411;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl 1, 1858, p. 57; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. i fie. 55; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 34, figs. 2, 3; tig. 6 6 (var.) ; ‘Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 265.

Cyclophorus (Glossustylus) altivagus, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902 , p. 106; id., Conch.-
Cab., ’Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 655, pl. 94, fics, 8, 9,

Cyclostoma stenomphalum, var. aurora (non Benson), Pfeiffer, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 384, pl. 50, figs. 11-18.

Original description :—“ Testa angustissime umbilicata, fere
perforata, eloboso-conica, solida, eaninenl superne rufa, castaneo
picta, subtus versus periomphalum albida; spira elevata, turbi-
nata, ‘acutiuscula; anfractibus 53 convexis, superne costis spiralibus
sex munitis, ultimo ciutanlniio, ad periphzeri am vix carinato, basi
lavigata, umbilico pervio; apertura vix obliqua, subovali-circulari,
superne angulata, intus lutescente ; peristomate duplici, interno
continuo, valde porrecto, acuto, externo expansiusculo, costam
fingente, superne anguste angulatim adscendente, ad anfractum
penultinum late emarginato, margine columellari sonia sinuato,
supra umbilicum angustum dilatato-reflexo. Opere. ?

“ Diam. major31, minor 26, alt. 243 mill. Apert. intus 17 mill.
longa, 15 lata.

‘Tt differs from this species [Cyclophorus indicus] in its more
elevated form, indistinct keel, rounded last whorl, more elongate
aperture, porreet inner lip, the absence of any sinuosity in the
plane of the aperture on the columellar lip, less expanded outer
peristome, and by the greater expansion of the external columellar
lip over the umbilicus, which is also much narrower; and permits
no view of the internal whorls.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Mahableshwar (A. £. Benson, Blanford).

OYCLOPHORUS. G7/

81. Cyclophorus aurora, Benson.

Cyclostoma aurora, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 186.

Cyclophorus aurora, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak, viii, 1851, p. 140; id.,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 72; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 279; Theobald, J.S. A. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 321; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xlii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 9, fig. 36 ; Hanley & &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fig. re Godwin- -Austen,
J.A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 173; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,
p. 265; Godwin-Austen, Moll. India, i, 1886, p- 205, pl. 51, ties. iS
2-2" (animal).

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) aurora, Kobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 18;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- L075. 10, Conch. -Cab.,
Cyelophoridae, i, 1908, p. 641, pl. 91, fic. 2 (var.).

Original description :—‘‘ Testa anguste umbilicata, globoso-sub-
turbinata, spiraliter 5-6 obsolete carinata, ferruginea, versus
apicem rubente, oblique rugulosa; spira conoidea, apice obtusi-
usculo; anfractibus 43 convexiusculis, ultimi peripheria obsolete
angulata ; apertura ampla, vix obliqua, circuiari, superue angulata ;
peristomate continuo, expansiusculo, subincrassato, reflexiusculo,
aurantio; fauce rubente.

“ Diam. maj. 28, min. 23, axis 19 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Darjeeling, Sikkim (Stoliczka, H. F. Blanford,
Mainwaring); Bhutan; Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin- Austen).

Nevill regarded the ‘present species as a variety of C. hima-
layanum, Pfr., but Benson, while admitting near relationship,
considered the two forms distineh, The latter is more depressed
and has a wider umbilicus. Pfeiffer, on the other hand, classed it
as a variety under C. stenomphalus, but the figure in Conch. Icon.,
which illustrates one of Benson’s specimens, does not bear out
this view.

82. Cyclophorus bapuensis, Godwin- Austen.

Cyclophorus ( Glossostylus) bapuensis, Godwin-Austen, Records Ind.
Mus. vi, 1915, p. 494, pl. 38, fig. 2.

‘“« The description of this species follows that of s¢diensis in many
particulars, but it is not nearly so keeled. It has a distinct peri-
pheral band. The umbilicus is more open and not so concealed.
The spire is lower, sides less flat, and first three whorls much
smaller. Suture more impressed. Whorls, aperture, and pert-
stome the same.

“« Major diam. 33, alt. axis 16 mm.” (Godwin Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills, vicinity of Bapu (Oakes),

83. Cyclophorus bensoni, Pfeiffer.
Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) bensoni, Pfeitfer, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1852,
p- 158; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 244, pl. 32,
figs. 11-13.

58 CYCLOPHORID#.

Cyclophorus bensoni, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 139; id.,
Mon. Pneum, 1852, p. 63; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p. 41; Benson, A. M. N. H. xiv, 1854, p. 414; Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyelo-
phorus, pl. 9, fig. 88; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 34, fiz.5; Morelet, Ser. Conch. iv, 1875, p. 284; Nevill, Hand
Last, i, 1878, p. 270.

Cyclophorus (Gilossostylus) bensont, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106; id., Cat. Pueum. 1899,
p- 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 108.

Original description :—‘ C. testa umbilieata, subgloboso-turbi-
nata, solida, lineis obliquis: et confertis spiralibus subtiliter
decussata, albido-fulvea, castaneo-variegata; spira_ turbinata,
obtusiuscula: anfract. 5 convexis, supremis unicoloribus luridis,
sequentibus flammulato-pictis, ultimo magno, obsolete angulato,
ad carinam fascia nigricante et utrinque fasciis inequalibus
castaneis ornato, circa umbilicum angustum, infundibulitormem
pallido, subeompresso ; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, intus
lactea ; perist. continuo, igneo-aurantiaco, breviter adnato, breviter
fornicato-reflexa.—Opere. ?

“¢ Diam. maj. 43, min. 34, alt. 26 mill.” (Pfeffer.)

Hab. India: Sibsagar (Peal) ; ? Siam (Morelet).

Var. cryptomphaloides, Nevill.

Cyclophorus bensoni, var. cryptomphaloides, Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 270.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) bensoni, var. eryptomphalordes,. Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 106; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 18; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 108.

Original description :—‘* Umbilicus completely covered by a very
thin and porcellaneous extension of the columellar margin ;
transverse bands almost obsolete, except the characteristic broad
one at the periphery.” (JVeviil.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills (Butler).

84. Cyclophorus charpentieri, Mousson.

Cyclostoma charpentieri, Mousson, Land- und Siissw. Moll. Java,
1849, p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 3.

Var. nicobarica, Mérch.
Cyclophorus charpentiert, yar. nicobarica, Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xx,
1872, p. 316.
Cyclophorus (Leptopomotdes) charpentiert, var. nicobarica (Martens),
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 275.
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) woodianus, var. charpentier?, Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 121.
A small form of C. charpentieri, measuring: Diam. maj. 24,
min. 19, axis 13 mm.
Hab. Nicobar Islands: Kar Nicobar (Kjellerup); Laoi, Pulo-
Panjang (2thetnhardt) ; Batti Malve (Roepstorf ).

CYCLOPHORUS. 59

85. Cyclophorus crassalabella, God win- Austen.

Cyclophorus crossalabella, Godwin-Austeu, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888.
. 244.
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) crassalabella, Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Matak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 19; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 110.

Original description :—‘ Shell similar in form to C. fulguratus,
rather openly umbilicated; coloration, a distinct narrow dark
brown band on the periphery, sharply defined above, giving off
below a regular series of zigzag markings, like a fringe hanging
from it; the whorls above are ornamented with similar zigzag
bands at equal intervals, but which do not extend to the peripheral
band; spire conical, apex fine; whorls 5; aperture subvertical ;
peristome of a pale yellowish tint, very much thickened to the
extent of 4°5 millim.

“Maj. diam. 41°5, min. 32, alt. axis 18°5 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Shan Hills (Spratt).

This species has remained unfigured and I have not seen speci-
mens in any collection to which I have had access.

86. Cyclophorus cryptomphalus, Benson.

Cycluphorus cryptomphalus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,
p- 206; Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 58; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861,
Cyclophorus, pl. 9, fig. 87; Blanford, ak A. S. B. xxxiv, 1865,
p. 96; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 68; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fis. 7; Pfoiter. Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 3, 1875, pp. 111, 407 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 270.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) cryptom phalus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 19; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 110; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 643, pl. 91, fig. 5.

Original description :—‘* Testa umbilicata, globoso-depressa,
solida, oblique striatula, striis obsoletis contfertis decussata, albida,
superne rufo-castanea albido-fulgurata, fascia lata mediana albida
et infra altera lata castanea cincta; spira turbinata, apice acutius-
culo,sutura submarginata,anfractibus 5 convexis, ultimo rotundato,
subtus valde convexo; apertura subobliqua circulari, albida;
peristomate duplici breviter adnato, interno vix porrecto, expan-
siusculo, externo incrassato, reflexo, supra umbilicum angusti-
usculum subobtectum late auriculato-expanso. Opere. ?

*“ Diam. major 40, minor 32, axis 25 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Ava (Oldham); Mya Leit Doung (Blanford).

“It is allied to Cyel. volvulus, Mill., but it is Diiienaned by
its more depressed form, and by the auriculate process covering
the umbilicus, as in some of the Philippine Cyclophori.” (Benson.)

60 CYCLOPHORIDA.

87. Cyclophorus cybeus, Benson.

Leptopoma cybeus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 205 ;
Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 318; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 74; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, 11, 1860, p. 146,
pl. 87, figs. 28-30; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Leptopoma,
ple) fe. 6:

Cyclophorus cybeus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6,
fig. 1; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 268.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) zebrinus, var. cybeus, Kobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 133; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 101.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) zebrinus, var. cybea, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 123.

Original description :—* Testa anguste umbilicata, tenui, turbi-
nato-conica, striatula, lineis elevatis remotis spiralibus cincta,
albida, strigis castaneis undulatis picta; spira conica, apice
obtusiusculo, sutura impressa ; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis, ultimo
acute carinato; apertura magna vix obliqua, subcirculari, superne
angulata; peristomate expanso-reflexo, margine columellari sinuato,
Operculo corneo, 8-spirato.

“ Diam. major 20, minor 16, axis 14 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Nanclai Ponji, Assam (Vheobald).

88. Cyclophorus exul, Benson.

Cyclophorus exul, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 412;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 46; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclo-
phorus, pl. 18, fig. 53; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 47, fig. 7; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 265.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) exul, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 19;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 111; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 644, pl. 91, fig. 6.

Original description :—“ Testa angustissime umbilicata, fere
perforata, globoso-turbinata, tenui, undique lineis spiralibus vix
elevatis, superne 8-9 valde obtusis, striisque obliquis teneribus
decussata; sub epidermide fusca, tenui, albida; superne castaneo
flexuoso-strigata, fascia nulla mediana cincta; spira turbinata,
apice obtusulo, rufescente, suturis distinctis. Anfractibus 5 con-
vexis, ultimo rotundato. Apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari,
superne angulata; peristomate simplici, tenui, expanso, reflexi-
usculo, vix continuo, margine columellari umbilicum non pervium
subtegente.

« Diam. major 252, min. 20, alt.17 mill. Apert. intus 13 mill.
longa.”

Hab. India: Bhamoury (Boys); Sikkim, Darjeeling (Stoleczka).

OYCLOPHORUS. 61

“ This shell differs from the pale-lipped C. pyrotrema, in which
the aperture is not fully developed, by its more globose form,
ventricose last whorl, small impervious umbilicus, more regular
sculpture above, stronger sculpture below, thinness, pale colour,
and the absence of any medial fascia. From the pale-lipped
variety of C. stenomphalum with undeveloped peristome, it differs
by the greater breadth of the aperture in proportion to its length,
its non-pervious umbilicus, the absence of any carina at the
periphery, the more closely suleate and regular sculpture above,
the extension of the sculpture on the under side into the umbilicus,
its pale suite of colours, and by the absence of any colouring below
the periphery. From C. indicus it may be known by the absence
of keel, suite of colours, sculpture, and aperture.” (Benson.)

Nevill doubted its validity as a species, for in his Hand List,
while admitting the name, he adds in parenthesis “? small var. of
C. himalayanus.” It may be that the shells collected by Stoliczka
in Sikkim differ somewhat from the type. Another set of eight
shells, collected also by Stoliczka at Kurseong, near Darjeeling,
are separated by Nevill as a variety which, however, he does not
name, but he adds in parenthesis ‘*? C. polynema, Benson.”

89. Cyclophorus fulguratus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma fulguratum (Cyclophorus), Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1852, p. 63

Cyclostoma fulgur orate Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p. 345, pl. 45, figs. 9, 10.

Cyclophor us fulgur atus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 141;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 80; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 55; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280;
Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 232; "Theobald,
Uo YN tS 1B. oe, Teta Pe 247; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861,
eres pl. 9) fg. 36; Blanford, J. A: S. B: xxxi, -1862,

144; id., op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 96; Hanley & Theobald,
en Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fig. 3; Morelet, Ser. Conch. , 1875,
p- 283; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 102; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 28 Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1876, pl. 144, fig. 1 ; Nevill, J. A. S. B. xlvi, 1877, p- 28;
Nevill, Hand List, ile 1878, p- 271: 16h, 180) Reetcon Fools Res:
Exp. W. Yunnan, 1879, p. 889; Tapparone Canefri, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, Ds 308.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) fulguratus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 19; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 112.

Original description :—* C. testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
solida, oblique striatula, sub lente confertissime decussata, alba,
strigis fulguratis, castaneis superne elegantissime picta; spira
turbinata, apice obtusula, cornea ; anfractibus 5, convexis, ultimo
rotundato, ad peripheriam fascia alba et infra eam, nigricanti-
eastanea ornata, circa umbilicum angustum, vix pervium albo;
apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, intus livescente, nitida:
peristomate simplice, fulvido, interrupto, marginibus callo tenui

62 CYCLOPHORIDA.

junctis, dextro et basali squaliter expansis, columellari supra
umbilicum dilatato, patente.

“Diam. maj. 19, min. 23, alt. 19 mill.” (Pferffer.)

Hab. Burma: Rangoon (Theobald); Puppa Hill, Thyat Myo,
Thondoung, Prome and Henzada Districts (Llanford); Prome
and Meimboo (Anderson) ; Prome (Fea). Siam (Jorelet). Tonkin
(Ancey).

Var. rangunensis, Kobelt.
Cyclophorus fulguratus, var., Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ii, 1869,
p. 440, pl. 98, figs. 1, 2.
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) fulguratus, var. rangunensis, Kohelt,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 647, pl. 93, figs. 1, 2.
Original description :—* Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
solida, oblique striatula, sub lente confertissime decussata, ‘alba,
strigis fulguratis castaneis superne elegantissime picta; spira
turbinata, apice obtusula, cornea; anfr. 5 convexi, ultimus rotun-
datus, ad peripheriam fascia alba et infra eam nigricanti-castanea
ornatus, circa umbilicum angustum, vix pervium albus; apertura
parum obliqua, subcircularis, intus livescens, nitida; perist.
simplex, fulvidum, interruptum, marginibus callo junctis, dextro
et basali equaliter expansis, columellari supra umbilicum dilatato,
patente.” ( Pfeiffer.)
Diam. maj. 45, min. 37, alt. 30 mm.
Hab. Burma: between Thyat Myo and Rangoon (Blanford).

90. Cyclophorus fuscicolor, Godwin-Austen.
Cyciophorus fuscicolor, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p. 173, pl. 84, fig. 1.
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) fuscicolor, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 112.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, globosely turbinate,
covered with a greyish umber-brown epidermis, with radiating
longitudinal lines of ornamentation, the bands of colour rather
broader towards the apex, but throughout very close together, in
some specimens coalescing on the last whorl into a uniform dark
shade of brown. Spire conical, apex sharp. Whorls 6, well
rounded, with a single slightly raised ridge ujon the keel.
Aperture circular, sub-oblique, peristome continuous, double, very
slightly reflected, Within the aperture grey.

« Alt. 1:24 [31 mm.|, major diam. 2°30 inches [58 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

“This is a very distinct form allied to CO. bensont from the
southern face of the Khasi Hills, shewing towards the apex in
some specimens a tendency to the zigzag painting of that shell,
but the uniform, striate, and sober colouring of the rest of the
whorls is a very marked character. Two specimens have a
moderately broad white band on the periphery, owing to the
abrasion of the epidermis upon the raised ridge of the keel.”
(Godwin-Austen. )

CYOLOPHORUS. 63

91. Cyclophorus himalayanus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma himalayanum, Pteiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 242;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 247, pl. 33, figs. 10, 11,

Cyclophorus himalayanus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 188;
id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus, 1852, p. 36; Benson, A. M.N. H.
ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 414; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855,
p. 280; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 321; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 4, fig. 14a; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 16, pl. 34, fig. 4, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 265.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) himalayanus, Kobelt & Mélendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 19; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p, 112; id. Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 674, pl. 98, figs. 4, 5.

Original description :—‘* C. testa umbilicata, globoso-turbinata,
solidula, costis spiralibus obtusis, 10-12, lineisque interjacentibus
obsoletis seulpta, sub epidermide decidua, ... . albida; spira turbi-
nata, superne rufa, acutiuscula; anfractibus 5, convexiusculis,
ultimo ventroso, circa umbilicum angustum, infundibuliformem
vix compresso ; apertura subverticali, circulari; peristomate sim-
plice, continuo, breviter adnato, fusco-igneo, subincrassato, breviter
expanso, superne subangulato.—Operculum ?

“ Diam. maj. 48, min. 39, alt. 35 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Theobald, Stoliezka, Blanford, Main-
waring) ; Himalayas.

92. Cyclophorus indicus, Deshayes.

Cyclostoma indicum, Deshayes, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind. Orient. Zool.
1832, p. 415, pl. 1, figs. 4,5; Philippi, Abb. 1, part 6, 1844, p. 104,
pl. 1, fig. 2; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1850, p. 168*, pl. 31 3,
figs. 3820, 321; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853,
p. 248, pl. 33, figs. 3, 4.

Cyclophorus indica, Deshayes, in Lamarck, Hist. Anim. s. vert.
Ed. 2, viii, 1838, p. 365.

Cyclophorus indicus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 1415) id,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 77; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 53; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 4, fig. 15; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, p. 28, pl. 48, fig. 8; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 86; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 265.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) indicus, Kobelt & Mdllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 19; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 113.

Original description:—‘* C, testa orbiculata, turbinata, apice
acuta, transversim striata; striis grossiusculis distantibus:
anfractibus convexis, fusco-marmoratis; ad peripheriam linea
nigra distinctis; apertura aurantia circulari; marginibus in-
crassatis, dilatatis.

64 CYOLOPHORIDZ.

“Cette belle espéce de Cyclostome est remarquable par sa taille
et ses couleurs; il a la forme d’un turbo; sa spire, conique et
pointue au sommet, se compose de six ou sept tours tres convexes,
4 suture simple et & peine creusée, le dernier tour est tres convexe.
Sa circonference est subcarinée et au centre il est pourvu @un
trou ombilical trés profond et assez étroit. L’ouverture est d'un
beau jaune orangé, elle est oblique & l’axe; ses bords sont épaissis
et renversés en dehors. La surface extérieure est couvert de
stries fines et subgranuleuses ; quelques unes, un peu plus grosses
que les autres, sont distantes et ne se montrent qu’a la partie
supérieure de la coquille.

‘“‘ Ta coloration est peu variable; sur un fond d’an fauve pale
se montrent des marbrures, et souvent des flammules longi-
tudinales, d’un brun plus ou moins foncé, suivant les individus.
A la cireonference, ot il existe une caréne peu saillante, se
montre une zone transverse d’un brun noiratre, au dessous de
laquelle on en voit deux ou trois autres beaucoup plus étroites qui
entourent l’ombilic. Diam. 40 mm.” (Deshayes.)

Hab. India: Elephanta Island (Bélanger); Western Ghats and
Bombay (Blanford); Matheran (Fairbank).

93. Cyclophorus koboensis, Godwin-Austen.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) koboensis, Godwin-Austen, Records Ind.
Mus, viii, 1915, p. 495, pl. 58, fig. 4.

“Shell turbinate, keeled, umbilicus open, not concealed by the
peristome. Sculpture carinate, as described, splashes and zigzags
of darker tint, giving a mottled appearance. Colour madder-
brown, with a distinct dark brown band below the keel, ochraceous
white beneath. Spire conic, depressed, apex very fine. Suture
impressed. Whorls nearly 6. Aperture circular. Peristome
double, inner lip continuous, together thick and_ reflected.
Columellar margin vertically rounded. Operculum flat, multi-
spiral, the whorls about 6, defined by a raised thread-like spiral.

“ Major diam. 30-33; alt. axis 12-15 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills, Kobo, on right bank of Tsanspu or
Brahmaputra (Kemp); Rotung (Oakes).

94. Cyclophorus patens, Blanford.

Cyclophorus patens, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 148; id.,
op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 96; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 62; id., Novit. Conch. Ser. 1, ii, 1869, p. 441, pl. 98,
fies. 3,4; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, fig. 5;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclophorus fulguratus, var. patens, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxxii,
1863, p. 376; xxxiii, 1864, p. 247; Nevill, op. cit. xlvi, 1877,
p- 28; id., Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 271.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) patens, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 19: Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 116; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 642, pl. 91, figs. 4, 8, 9.

CYCLOPHORUS. 65

Original description :—* Testa subanguste umbilicata, globoso-
turbinata, nitida, subglabra, oblique striatula, subtilissime de-
cussata, albida, plerumque obsolete fulvo-strigata, fascia unica,
2-3 mm. lata, nigricante castanea, infra peripheriam circumdata ;
rarius superne purpurascenti-castaneo-picta vel strigata, subtus
castanea, periomphalo solo albido. Spira conica, apice acutiuscula,
sutura impressa. Anfr. 5-54 eonvexi, ultimus rotundatus, vix
descendens; umbilicus pervius. Apertura fere verticalis, cireu-
Jaris, intus flaveola, peristoma simplex, breviter adnatum, sublate
angulatim planulato-expansum, margine columellari reflexum,
fulvum, lete aurantiacum vel flammeum. Operc. distincte 6-spira-
tum, corneum, nucleo centrali interno minime prominente.

mm. inches. mm, inches.
“* Diam. maj. (exempli majoris) .. 38 or 1°5, minoris 29 or 1:15
pee MATT, Ff Peder) 29 el oi laaaeee ie | O62
NB eset 1 GAS Sear ea rae Dom ol Be Lg “O-7o
PAU = CHUTE AP NULIS ect os-2y< os 9 oe a O26, lige (URS,

“This species is remarkable for its flat, disk-shaped expanded
peristome, usually of a bright orange or scarlet colour, and for
the absence of marked sculpture, and, in most specimens, of any
conspicuous coloration, except a single broad dark chestnut stripe
below the periphery.” (Llanford.)

Hab. Burma: Thayet Myo, Prome, and Henzada, Prov. Pegu
(Blanford),

Blanford refers to the fact that Theobald classes C. patens as a
variety of C. fulguratus, but does not agree with this view. He
states that both oecur together at Thayet Myo and are very
distinct, C. patens having a broad, rather thin disk-like expanded
peristome, while the lip of C. fulguratus i is much thicker but only
moderately expanded. The former also is much smoother.

95. Cyclophorus pearsoni, Benson.

Cyclostoma pearsoni, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 185 ;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 580, pl. 49, figs. 34—
36; Godwin-Austen, J.A.5S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 173.

Cyclophorus pearsoni, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 188; id.,
Cat. Phaneropu. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 38; id., Mon. Pneum.
1852, p. 58; Benson, A. Ras INS EI. Ee 2, xiv, 1854, p. 414;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 1855, p. ; Theobald, J. A. S. B.
xxvii, 1858, p. 317; eee Conch. eek xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus,
pl. 38, fig. 10; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind, 1870, pl. 48,
fie. 5, 1876, p. xv oe pl. 1, fig. 6); Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 56; Nevill, Hand List, i. 1878, p. 271.

Cyclophorus (Glossostyius) pearsoni, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix. 1897, p. 107; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 19;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 116.

Original description :—“ Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata
F

66 CYCLOPHORID#,

levigata, obsolete spiraliter striata, supra castaneo marmorata et
late fasciata, subtus spiraliter castaneo-lineata, fascia alba ad
peripheriam, subtus altera nigro-castaneo concurrente ornata ;
spira depresso-conoidea, apice acuto; anfractibus 5 convexius-
culis, ultimo lato, subtus convexo; apertura vix obliqua, ampla,
circulari, intus cerulescente ; peristomate expanso, undique reflexo,
leete aurantio, marginibus callo brevi junctis ; umbilico subangusto,
pervio, intus angustiori.

‘* Diam. major 42, minor 33, axis 25 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Khasi Hills, Assam (Pearson); Dafla Hills, Assam
(Godwin-Austen); Tezpur (Stoliczka); Sylhet and Gauhati (Nevill) ;
Lacat (Theobald).

‘In form, sculpture, and markings C. Pearsoni much resembles,
in the back view, the shell figured by Sowerby, no. 128, pl. 27, of
the ‘Thesaurus’ as C. perdix, but the spire is less acute. It
differs otherwise in the narrower umbilicus, in the orange colour
and rounded edge of the peristome (which is destitute of the
flatness observable in C. perdiw), as well as in the amplitude of
the aperture, convexity and want of keel in the whorls, and in
the absence of the articulated band at the suture.” (Benson.)

Nevill mentions a var. minor, from the Khasi Hills, as being
smaller, with less open umbilicus, and more angulate periphery.
He also refers to a peculiar small variety from Sylhet, which he
does not name, with a much raised spire, the last whorl almost
detached, and the periphery acutely keeled. This, however, can
scarcely be considered a variety, and must rather be regarded as a
monstrosity.

Var. fuscicolor, Nevill.

Cyclophorus pearsont, var. fuscicolor (Godwin-Austen), Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 271; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
po LLG:

‘A large variety with a trifle more open umbilicus and still
more sombre coloration.” (NVevill.)

Hab. India: Dafla Hills and Khasia Hills, Assam (Godwin-
Austen).

Var. subalabastrum, Nevill.
Cyclophorus fulguratus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 2,

pl. 3, fig. 8 (non Pfeiffer).

Cyclophorus pearsoni, var. subalabastrum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 271; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p.- 1075 d., ‘Cat. Pneum, 18997 mp; 19); WKobelt; Was
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 116.

Differs from the type by the absence of markings, the shell
being of a uniform dull white colour.

Hab. India: Chittagong (Nevill). Burma: Arakan Hills (Kurz).

Several specimens of the typical form, received by me from a
native collector in the Khasi Hills in 1899, comprise one shell

CYCLOPHORUS. 67

which I refer to the var. fuscicolor. The periostracum is in a
beautiful state of preservation and shows no trace of chestnut
marbling, and the white band above the periphery—angulated in
this specimen—is absent, while the narrow band below the peri-
phery is deep black.

96. Cyclophorus sidiensis, Godwin-Austen.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) sidiensis, Godwin-Austen, Records Ind.
Mus. viii, 1915, p. 495, pl. 38, fig. 3

Original description :—* Shell conoidly turbinate, sharply keeled,
umbilicus narrow and much concealed by the peristome. Sculpture,
3 distinct spiral lire above the keel, distant with finer liration
intermediate, underside lire fine and close together. Colour
madder brown. Splashings and spotting near the suture, giving
a beautiful mottled pattern. Spire high, conical, sides flat,
apex pointed. Suture moderately impressed. Whorls 5, side
flatly convex. Aperture circular, suboblique. Peristome white, not
much thickened, reflected and expanded. Columellar margin
curving vertically.

“ Major diam. 25:0; alt. axis 14:0 mm.

Hab. India: on Sidi River, Abor Hills (2. H. Burkhill),

* Rotung (Kemp). Major diam. 30-0; alt. axis 14-5 mm.

“Mr. Oakes also found one specimen of this species in the
Tsanspu Valley.

“The Sidi River is in the outer hills north of the Trigono-
metrical Station ‘ Nari’ (Siwalik) 2490.” (Godwin- Austen.)

97. Cyclophorus stenomphalus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma stenomphalum Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iii, 1846, p. 44;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1848, p. 59, pl. 8, figs. 5, 6;
Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 191.
Cyclophorus stenomphalus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 107;
id., op. cit. vill, 1851, p. 140; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Br. Mus.
1852, p. 48; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 414;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xili, 1861, Cyelophorus, pl. 4, fig. 16; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 34, fig. 1.
Cyclophorus himalayana, var. stenomphalus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 260.
Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) stenomphalus, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 108; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 20; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 118.
Original description:—* T. umbilicata, trochiformis, solida,
superne costis spiralibus validis (interjectis pluribus minoribus)
munita, fulvescens, saturatius obsolete marmorata et ad suturam
articulato-fasciata; spira turbinata, acuta; anfr.54 convexi, ultimus
ad peripheriam acute carinatus, basi ventrosus, spiraliter striatus ;
F 2

68 CYCLOPHORID &.

umbilicus angustissimus, vix pervius; apertura ampla, subcireu-
laris; perist. duplex, internum pallide aurantiacum, externum
expansum, subincrassatum, superne dilatatum, angulatum, margine
columellari incrassato, breviter reflexo.—Diam. maj. 35, min, 28,
alt. 24 mill.” (Pfeiffer)

Hab. India: Bhutan (Stoliczka); Elephant Island, near Bombay
(Watson); Khasia Hills (Z'heobald).

98. Cyclophorus tryblium, Benson.

Cyclophorus tryblium, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 415 ;
Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Theobald, J. A. 8. B.
xxvii, 1858, p. 321; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858,
p- 45; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 48, fig. 1;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclophorus aurora, var. tryblium, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 265.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) tryblium, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr.
Dents. Malak. Ges. xxix. 1897, p. 108; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p.20 ;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 120; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 659, pl. 96, fig. 2.

Original description :—* Testa subaperte umbilicata, depresso-
turbinata, solida, superne costis 7-8 planulatis munita, albida,
castaneo marmorata, subtus levigata, versus periomphalum albida,
fascia nigricante ad peripheriam ornata; spira turbinata, superne
rubella, apice acutiuscula. Antractibus 5 convexis, ultimo sub-
depresso, obsolete angulato, subtus valde convexo; umbilico pro-
fundo, infundibuliformi. Apertura vix obliqua, subcirculari,
intus lutescente; peristomate subsimplice, continuo, breviter
adnato, pallide aurantio, subincrassato, superne angulatim adscen-
dente, margine dextro subrevoluto, columellari subexpanso, planato.
Operc. ?

“Diam. major 47, minor 38, alt. 29 mill. Apert. intus 20 mill.
longa.”

Hab. Sikkim: Darjeeling (Chapman).

‘Nearly equal in size to OC. himalayanus, Pfr., from the same
locality, it is distinguished from it by its form, depressed last
whorl, wide umbilicus, sculpture, verticality of the angle at
the upper part of the mediocre aperture, and by the colour of the
peristome. There are indications of a broad light chestnut zone
below the dark band at the periphery. The compressed character
of the last whorl presents a strong contrast to the subglobose form
ot C. himalayanus in that part.’ (Benson.)

Var. conica, Hanley g Theobald.

Cyclophorus tryblium, var. conica, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, p. 22, pl. 47, tig. 10.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) tryblium, var. conica, Kobelt, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 660, pl. 92, fig. 7.

CYCLOPHORUS. 69

Considerably smaller than the type, measuring 31 mm. in
diameter (incl. perist.) and 29-5 in height (incl. aperture). The
last w horl is rounded, the peristome is white, broadly reflected,
double. The figure of the shell in Conch. ‘Ind. is copied by
Kobelt.

Subgenus SALPINGOPHORUS, Mobelt & Moéllendor{f.
Annularia (part), Schumacher, Essai Nouy. Syst. Vers Test. 1817,
p. 196.
Salpingophorus (part), Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.

Ges, xxix, p. 108; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 20; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, ‘Liet, 16, 1902, p. 124.

Type, Cyclostoma perdix, Broderip & Sowerby.
Range. India, Farther India, Cevlon, Malaysia.

“ Shell with rapidly increasing whorls, the Jast dilated in front,
peristome dilated and reflexed.” (Aobeit 1n German.)

99. Cyclophorus aborensis, Godwin-Austen.

Cyclophorus abor ensis, Godwin-Austen, Records Ind. Mus. vui, 1915,
p- 494, pl. 38, fig. ig

Original description :—* “hell globosely turbinate, openly umbi-
licated, solid. Sculpture, carinate spiral lire wide apart, 5 con-
spicuous, the last peripheral with much finer intermediate liration,
not distinctly seen in old specimens. Colour (specimen from
Renging) a rich ruddy brown over most of the surface, beneath
pale ochraceous, a few splashings of the same colour next the
suture ; in the type and in most old shells much bleaching takes
place. Spire fairly high, conic, apex fine. Suture impressed.
Whorls 5, rather rapidly increasing, rounded. Aperture circular,
suboblique. Peristome white, solid, continuous, very slightly
reflected. Columellar margin sub-vertically curving.

“¢ Major diam. 5°60 [56-0], alt. axis 24-0, alt. aperture 28°0 mm.”
Hab. India: Rotung, 2000 ft., near Egar stream (S. W. Kemp) ;
Kalek and Renging, 2000 ft. (Oal- es).

« Mr. Oakes sent specimens from Kalek and Renging (figs. 1, 1a),
and from Rami Lambang two specimens of a dwart variety only
33 mm. in major diameter.” (Godwin-Austen.)

100. Cyclophorus alabastrinus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma fee) alabastrinum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1854, p. 126

Gee toate alabastrina, Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser 1, i, 1855, p. 3,
pl. 1, figs. 4, 5; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, >. 41; Suppl.
2; 1865, p- 62; Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 102; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 35; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 144, fig. 5.

? Cyclophorus alabastrum, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1876, p. 4; G. Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 270.

70 CYCLOPHORID ®.

? Cyclophorus aurantiacus, var. alabastrinus, Nevill, Hand List, 1,.

1878, p. 266,
Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) alabastrinus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 108; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 20; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 124; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 666, pl. 97, figs. 4-6.
Original description:—“C. testa umbilicata, subdepresso-
turbinata, solida, sublevigata, spiraliter minutissime striata,
alabastrina; spira turbinata, sursum livido-fusca, apice con-
vexiuscula; anfr. 5, convexis, celeriter accrescentibus, ultimo
peripheria obsoletissime subangulato et antice rudimenta fasciee
castanexe exhibente, basi inflato; umbilico angusto, vix pervio;
apertura vix obliqua, cireulari; perist. fulvo-carneo, continuo,
breviter adnato, crasso, undique reflexo, margine sinistro sub-
dilatato.
** Diam, maj. 45, min. 34, alt. 25 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)
Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

101. Cyclophorus arthriticus, 7heobald.

Cyclophorus arthriticus, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxxiii, 1864, p. 246;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 1, fig. 4; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 404; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 35.

Cyclophorus flavilabris, var. arthritica, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 273.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) arthriticus, Kobelt & Modllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p-. 108; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 20; Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 648,
pl. 98, figs. 3, 4, 6.

Original description :—-“ Testa umbilicata, turbinata, solidissima,
striata, lineisque spiralibus flexuosis obscure decussata ; sublevi,
non polita, fuscente castanea fascia lata, alba mediana, interdum
circumdata. Interdum colore omnino alba, spira pallide castunea,
et fascia parva castanea sub-mediana ornata, Anfractibus quinque
convexis, haud tarde crescentibus; ultimo valde capaci, rotundato.
Apertura circulari. Peristomate expanso, reflexiusculo, valde
incrassato, continuo, intus flavo, interdum exrulescente. Apice
pailide purpurascente-rubicundula.

“Long. 52, lat. 39, alt. 37 mills. Apertura 29 mills.”
(Theobald.)

Hab. Burma: Pegu (Theobald); Rangoon (Stoliczka, Theobald).

Nearly allied to OC. flaviiabris, Bens., differing in sculpture,
form, and greater solidity.

Var. fulgurans, Uheobald.

Cyclophorus arthriticus, var. fulgurans, Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
p. 2, pl. 3, fig. 2; Martens, Arch. Nature. Ixv, part 1, 1899, p. 31.

Smaller than the type and flammulated on the penultimate-

whorl.
Hab. Burma: Padoukbin, Thyet Myo District (N6¢tling).

CYCLOPHORUS. (a

102. Cyclophorus aurantiacus, Schumacher.

Turbo volvulus, Chemn, Conch.-Cab, ix, sect. 2, 1786, p. 57, pl. 125,
figs. 1064, 1065.

Annularia aurantiaca, Schumacher, Essai Nouv. Syst. Vers Test.
1817, p. 196.

Cyclostoma aurantiacum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. ili, 1846, p. 53;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847, p. 31, pl. 4, tigs. 8, 9;
id., Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 139.

Cyclophorus aurantiacus, Pfeitfer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 107;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 62; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 41; Theobald, J.S. A. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 245;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 1, fig. 3;
Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 96; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 33, fig. 4; Mérch, Journ. Conchyl. xx,
1872, p. 338; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 35;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 266; Martens, Arch. Naturg. Ixv,
part 1, 1889, p. 31; Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 307.

Cyclophorus aurantiacus, a. typicus, Martens, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxi, 1887, p. 158, pl. 14, figs. 1, 2.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 125; id.,
Coneh.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 611, pl. 84, figs. 1, 2.

Cyclophorus malayanus (non Benson), de Morgan, Bull. Soe. Zool.
France, x, 1885, p. 410.

Cyclophorus lowi,de Morgan, Le Naturaliste, vii, 1885, p, 69.

“'T, depresso-turbinata, solida, confertim striata, lineis spira-
libus, confertis obsolete decussata, nigricante-castanea, fulvido et
albido marmorata; spira brevis, acutiuscula; anfr. 53 convexi,
ultimus permagnus, subdepressus, peripheria magis minusve
carinatus, basi pallidus, castaneo-lineatus; umbilicus magnus,
infundibuliformis; apertura subobliqua, ampla, subcircularis, intus
ceerulescens ; perist. continuum, anfractui penultimo breviter adna-
tum, undique incrassato-expansum, carneum.—Operc. corneum,
arctispirum, margine anfraetuum lamelloso.— Diam. maj. 58, min.
46. Alt. 32 mill. Ap. intus 24 mill. diam.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. Burma: Tongoop, Arakan and Ramri Island; Zwagabin,
near Moulmein, Tenasserim (Zheobald) ; Tranquebar (Spengler).
Malay Peninsula: Bukit Pondong, Perak (Townsend).

Var. pernobilis, Gould.

Cyclostoma pernobilis, Gould, Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soe. 1, 1844,
p. 140; id., Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iv, 1844, p. 458, pl. 24,
fig. 11.

Cyclostoma pernobile, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847,
p. 30, pl. 3, fig. 15.

Cyclophorus pernobilis, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p- 86; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 266; ‘Tapparone-Canefri,
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 307.

Cyclophorus aurantiacus, b. pernobilis, Martens, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxi, 1886, p. 159, pl. 14, figs. 3-6.

72 CYCLOPHORIDZ.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus, var. pernobilis, Kobelt &
Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 125; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 612, pl. 82,
figs. 5, 6, pl. 84, fig. 6.

Original description :—* Shell depressed-conical, apex acute,
solid; whorls six, rapidly increasing and rising into a pyramidal
spire, depressed near the suture. In the early stages the whorls
are acutely carinated; but at maturity the last whorl is round
and girt with an obtuse, whitish rib; the surface is rendered
somewhat rugose, by rather conspicuous lines of growth, and
coarse revolving lines, which, as they cross the finer longitudinal
lines, seem to run in zigzag. Prevailing colour above is dusky
brow n, clouded by yellowish ‘spots of various sizes, which on the
posterior whorls, are arranged in radiating zigzag series ; a broad
space around the umbilicus, which is very large and deep, is
light straw color, with occasional revolving black lines or bands;
apertureample,somewhat wider than high, bluish within; peristome
moderately reflected, rounded, of a beautiful carmine, or bright
cherry-red color, not continuous, but embracing less than one
fourth the preceding whorl, across which space fewer a callus of
the same red colour. Diameter 2 inches, height L inch.” (Gouwld.)

Hab. Burma: Tenasserim (Theobald) ; Bhamo (Feat). Mergui
Archipelago: Kings Island (Gould).

Var. nevilli, A/artens.

Cyclostoma aurantiaca, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847,
p- 167, pl. 25, figs. 4, 5.

Cyclophorus per nobilis (non Gould), Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870; pl tie.

Cyelophor us aur i See ce. nevilli, Martens, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool.
xxi, 1887, p. 159, pl. 15, Hes, 2); Tapparone- Canefri, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p- 807; Martens, Arch. Naturg.
Ixy, part 1, 1899, v. 31.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus, var, nevilli, Kobelt &
Motend on Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id.,

Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Liet. 16, 1902,
p. 125.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus nevilli, Kobelt, Conch -Cab.,

Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 618, pl. 83, figs. 8, 4; pl. 84, fig. 5.

Original description :—“ Magnus turbinatus, umbilico arctiore,
rotundatus, periomphatio fusco-fasciolato, peristomate aurantio.

“Diam. maj. 55-58, alt. 37-41; apert. diam. 30-333, alt.
29-31 millim.” (Martens.)

Hab. Burma: Tavoy; Maingkwan, Hukon Valley, Chindwin
District (Nothing); Thagata (Fea). Mergui Archipelgo: Sullivan
Island (Anderson). Siam : : Salang Island ( Weber).

Var. reevel, Martens.
Cyclophorus speciosus oe Philippi), Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii. 1861,
Cyclophorus, pl. 1,
Cyclophorus aang (nor: Benson), Hanley & Theobald, Conch,
Ind. 1870, p. 23, pl. 48, fig. 4

CYCLOPHORUS. 13

Cyclophorus aurantiaca, A. reevei, Martens, Journ. Linn. Soe., Zool.
xxi, 1887, p. 159, pl. 15, figs. 3, 4; Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 307; Martens, Arch. Naturg.
lxv, part 1, 1899, p. 31.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus, var. reevei, Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

=» 126.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiacus reevet, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 614, pl. 84, figs. 3, 4.

Original description:—“ Mediocris, subturbinatus, umbilizo
multo arctiore, infra fasciolatus, apertura subcirculari, peristomate
aurantio,

“Diam. maj. 52, alt. 37; apert. diam. 28, alt. 27 wmillim.”
( Martens.)

Hab. Burma: Dungl, Matu, Upper Chindwin District (Nétling) ;
Meetan (Fea). Mergui Archipelago: Kings Island, Sullivan
Island.—Var. minor, Martens: Elphinstone Island (Anderson.)

Var. andersoni, J/arteis.

Cyclophorus malayanus (non Benson), Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii,
1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Cyclophorus aurantiaca, e. andersoni, Martens, Journ. Linn. Soc. |
Zool. xxi, 1887, p. 159, pl. 15, figs. 5, 6.
Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) aurantiaca, var. andersoni, Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
SEZ.
Graphene (Salpingophorus) aurantiaca andersoni, Kobelt, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 614, pl. 83, figs. 5, 6.
Original description :—‘* Minor, subturbinatus, umbilico sat
arcto, subangulatus, apertura subcirculari, peristomate rubescente.
“Diam. maj. 44-48, alt. 31-36, apert. diam. 24-27, alt. 238-25
millim.” (JMartens.)
Hab. Mergui Archipelago: Owen Island (Anderson).
According to von Martens this form much resembles the shell
figured as C. sublevigatus in Conch. Ind. pl. 34, fig. 7.

103. Cyclophorus austenianus, Preston.

Cyclophorus austenianus, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. London, xi,
1914, p. 20, text-tig.

Original description :—* Shell acutely turbinate, somewhat thin,
strongly carinate at the pheriphery, pale reddish-brown, painted
on the upper whorls with broad, zigzag flame-markings of dark
chestnut, and with a broad, spiral band, or group of bands, on the
base immediately below the peripheral keel; whorls 5, rapidly
increasing, sculptured above with fine, closely set, spiral riblets,
some of which coarsen into lire below, crossed by very oblique,
closely set, transverse strive, which give the shell, especially on the
upper half of the whorls, a finely granular appearance ; base of shell

74 CYCLOPHORID &.

sculptured with fine, wavy, revolving strie and moderately fine liree,.
which become obsolete in the umbilical area; suture well impressed,
incised, and slightly overhung below; umbilicus somewhat wide,
deep; columella descending i ina curve, a very thick, polished, trans-
parent callus uniting it with the lip above, just behind its junction
with the parietal w vall : labrum white, thickened, laminiferons,
rather narrowly expanded and reflexed; aperture sub-circular 3
interior of shell whitish, smooth, polished, showing the spiral lire
and dark, subperipheral bands thr ough the test; operculum slightly
concave, laminiferous, with central nucleus, having 7-8 whorls.
Alt. 35°5, diam. maj. 42, min. 32°5 mm. Apertare : alt. 19-5,
diam. 20 mm.” = (Preston.)
Hab. India: Naga Hills.

104. Cyclophorus balteatus, Benson.

Cyclophorus balteatus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 207 ;
Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi. 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 45; alles 2, 1865, p. 64; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 3, tig. ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, pp. 105, 404 ; Nevill, Hind List, 1, 1878, p. 266.

Cyclophorus (Salping ophor us) balteatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 126; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 647, pl. 92, fig. 5.

Original description:—* Testa mediocriter umbilicata, solidius-
cula, depresso-turbinata, striata, rugis confertissimis vix undulatis
spiralibus superne decussata, basi glabra, saturate castanea, baltea
angusta mediana, superne laciniata, et periomphalo lato lacteis ;
anfractibus 5 convexis, celeriter accrescentibus, penultimo com-
pressiusculo, ultimo rotundato, subtus convexo, ad suturam
planulato, antice sensim descendente; apertura obliqua, ovato-
circulari, intus lactea; peristomate expanso, ineequaliter incrassato-
reflexo, albido, superne undato, marginibus callo brevi, superne
angulato, junctis; umbilico protundo, extus infundibuliformi.
Operculo 2

** Diam. major 40, minor 30, axis 20 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Pegu (Theobald).

* Remarkable one its dark chestnut and milky-white bands,
which recall, by their contrast and decided boundaries, the
colouring of Heliw hamastoma. A few white dots may be observed
near the suture of the antepenultimate whorl .... Perhaps
the irregularity of the peristome may not be constant; but it is so
conspicuous, that it has not been deemed advisable to omit it as a
specific character.” (Benson.)

105. Cyclophorus beddomeanus, Preston.

Cyclophorus beddomeanus, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. London,
xi, 1914, p. 21, text-fig.

Original description:—‘ Shell large, turbinate, with rather

CYCLOPHORUS, wits

acute apex, thin, yellowish, with one broad super-pheripheral,
blackish-brown band and a broad sub- peripheral band, im-
mediately below which are two narrow bands of the same colour
on the last whorl, the earlier whorls being reddish-brown, mottled
with yellowish-grey ; whorls 5, the last two rapidly increasing,
sculptured with irregular lines of growth, crossed by rather
broad, but flat, spiral ridges, the last whorl carinate at the
periphery ; suture incised, narrowly margined above ; umbilicus
moderately broad, deep: labrum continuous, somewhat thickened,
but not reflexed, crimson; aperture large, sub-circular ; interior
of shell glossy, smooth, polished, bluish, the colour-bands being
visible through the test; operculum laminiferous, with penne
nucleus, having about 8 Eonioninene: Alt. 44, diam. maj. 53°75,
min. 40mm. Aperture: alt. 24, diam. 25mm.” (Preston.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills.

A white-lipped variety is stated to occur also.

106. Cyclophorus birmanus, Pfeiffer.

Leptopoma birmanum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852, p 117; id.,
Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 147; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Bri:.
Mus. Use p. 83; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 76;
sae 2, 1865, p. 85; id., Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 134; Stoliezka,
J.A.S.B., xli, 1872, p. 262 (C. stamensis, juv.).

(yeliondtn manum, Pteiffer, Conch.-Cab., ‘Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p- 363, pl. 47, figs. 4-7.

Cyclophorus birmanus, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 279.

Original description :—“ T. perforata, globoso-conica, tenuis,
acute carinata, oblique striata, lineis spiralibus obsoletissimus
sculpta, parum nitida, diaphana, fusco-lutea, strigis latis angulatis
et fasciis interruptis castaneis ornata; spira turbinata, obtusula ;
anfr. 43 convexiusculi, ultimus basi tumidus; apertura parum
obliqua, subtetragona, intus ccerulescens, margaritacea; perist.
simplex, acutum, marginibus remotis, rectis (an serius reflexis ?),—
Operc. immersum, membranaceum, arctispirum, luteo-corneum.—
Diam. maj. 144, min. 12, alt. 10 mill. ap. verticaliter 83 mill.
longa, 73 lata.” (Pferffer.)

Hab. Burma.

Stoliczka considered C. birmanus to be based on an immature
specimen. The figure of the shell given by Pfeiffer hardly
warrants this view, and I consider the best course to retain the
species until better evidence is forthcoming as to its status.

107. Cyclophorus cucullatus, Gould.

Cyclostoma cucullatus, Gould, Proc. Boston Soe. Nat. Hist. vi, 1856,
p. 14; id., Otia Conch. 1862, p. 221.

Cyclophorus cucullatus, Vfeitter, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858,

4; Reeve. Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 11, fig. 44 ;
Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 63.

76 CYCLOPHORID&.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) cucullatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Vierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p» 127.

Original description :—* T. umbilicata, depresso-conica, solidula,
lineis incrementi et lineis volventibus tenuibus superne inseulpta,
straminea ferrugineo tessellatim marmorata, et infra lineata,
apice nigro; anfr. 5 rotundatis; sutura profunda: apertura
(genuina) elliptica; peritremate reflexo, et cucullo lato unicolori
oblique truncato valde protractro ; fauce flava.

* Diameter, exclusive of false lip, ;%; in.; projection hood-lip,
z inch; axis 4 inch.

“With the exception of the aperture, the shell is much like
small specimens of C. linguiferum or still more like C. wroratum,
Sowb. Its remarkable hood is sufficiently characteristic.” (Gould.)

cca umbilicata, turbinato- depressa, solida, subleev igata, albida,
fasclis interruptis fuscis picta ; splra turbinata, apice cornea,
obtusula; anfr. 42 convexi, ultimus obsolete subangulatus,
antice rotundatus ; umbilicus mediocris, pervius ; apertura obliqua,
subcircularis ; perist. duplex: externum expansum et reflexius-
culum, internum latere dextro in unguem elongatum, extus
striatum, intus levigatum, fulvidam productum.—Opere. ?—

5 e) . . +)
Diam. maj. 27, min. 20, alt. 14 mill. Ap. in fundo 8 mill. diam.”

(Pfeiffer.)
Hab. Mergui Archipelago (Rev. J. Benjamin).

108. Cyclophorus excellens, Pfeiffer.
Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) eacellens, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854,
Do IEA.
Oyelop his excellens, Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1855, p. 11,
pl. 4, figs. 1, 2; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p: 93;
Reeve: Conch. Icon, xiii, 1861, Cyelophorus, pl. 2, fig. 5; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 66; Suppl. 3, 1875, p: 07;
Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) excellens, Kohelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das erreichy Lief. 16, 1902, ps L228 sad
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1, 1908, p- 670, pl. 98, figs. 1, 2,
Original description :—* C. testa umbilicata, subturbinato-
depressa, solida, confertim spiraliter sulcata, parum nitida, fusco-
aurantiaca, strigis angustis, fulguratis, albis elegantissime picta 5
spira breviter turbinata, apice corneo, obtusulo; anfr. 5, convexis,
rapide accrescentibus, ultimo carina funiformi alba et adjacente
linea rufa cincto, superne turgido, juxta suturam excavato, basi
pallido, cirea umbilicum late infundibuliformem subangulato ;
apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, intus margaritaceo-alba ;
perist. pallide carneo, continuo, breviter adnato, superne sub-
angulato, margine dextro peers patente, sinistro anguste reflexo.
‘Diam. maj. 53, min. 42, alt. 24 mill.” (Pfeeffer.)
Hab. Burma: Tenasserim.

CYCLOPHORUS.

~I
=I

109, Cyclophorus expansus, Pfer/fer.

Cyclostoma expansum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 242; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 298, pl. 39, figs. 20, 21.
Cyclophorus expansus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vin, 1851, p. 159;
id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 43; Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Theobald, J. A.S. B., xxvi, 1857,
p- 246; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 5,
fig. 18; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 2, figs. 3, 4;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, p. 86; Godwin-Austen,
J. A.S.B. xlv, 1876, part 2, p. 173; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 269; Martens, Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. xxi, 1887, p. 160;
‘Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vil, 1889,

. 808.

Gunns (Salpingophorus) expansus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id. Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 129; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 656, pl. 94,
figs. 10, 11.

Original description :—‘* C. testa umbilicata, turbinato-sub-
globosa, solidiuscula, spiraliter contertim striata, opaca, superne
castaneo et albido variegata; spira conoidea, apice acutiuscula ;
anfractibus 5, convexiusculis, ultimo convexiore, dilatato, peri-
pheria subcarinato, basi fasciis angustis castaneis ornata ; umbilico
angusto, pervio; apertura subverticali, fere cireulari ; peristomate
subsimplice, continuo, breviter adnato, pallide aurantiaco, undique
equaliter angulatim plano-expanso, margine subrevoluto.—
Operculum ¢

“ Diam. maj. 30, min. 22, alt. 19mm.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Burma: Tavoy (Reeve) ; Tenasserim (Theobald) ; Mooleyit
(Wea). Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen); Mergui (Anderson).

‘In the specimens collected by Dr. Anderson the expansion of
the peristome is still broader than in the figures by Reeve and
Conch. Ind.” (Jartens.)

110. Cyclophorus serratizona, Hanley 5° Theovald.

Cyclophorus serratizona (Thorpe MS.), Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1876, p. 57, pl. 144, fig. 7.

Cyclophorus flavilabris, var. serratizona, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 273.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) serratizona, Kobelt & Mollendortt,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1839, p. 183; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 1O1L ; Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 654,
pl. 94, fig. 3.

Original description :—“ The jagged edge of the white band
forms a conspicuous, yet perhaps not permanent feature. The
shell, which has a white aperture, and a large umbilical area,
comes between Phayret and polynema: the taint close spiral
ruge seem confined to the upper disc. Except in shape it might
be taken for C. labiosus.” (Hanley 5 Theobald.)

Diam. maj. 41°5, alt. (inel. apert.) 845 mm.

Hab. Burma: Upper Salween (Z’heobald).

78 CYCLOPHORID.

111. Cyclophorus flavilabris, Benson.

oN. flavilabris, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, vi, 1860,
Re Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 68 ; Hanley &
Mheobsld, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 1, tig. ie Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 2738.
Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) favilabris, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902 sop: iy id,
Conch. “Cab., Cyclophoridae, 1, 1908, p. 650, pl. 93, tig. 5

Original description :—“ Testa umbilicata, subgloboso-turbinata,
suboblique striata, striis confertis spiralibus decussata, castanea,
fascia saturatiore, sub altere angustiore albida pheripherica,
ornata, periomphalo pallidiore ; spira elevato-turbinata, apice vix
acutiusculo, sutura impressa, superne marginata; anfractibus 5, con-
vexis, ultimo antice sensim breviter adnato, superne extus angulato,
expanso, crassiusculo, flavo; margine collumellari latiore, sub-
revoluto, umbilicum angustum leviter celante. Operc. ?

“« Diam. major 51, minor 43, axis 36 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Pegu (Theobald); Arakan (Stoliezha, Theobald).

112. Cyclophorus fultoni, Godwin-Austen § Beddome.

Cyclophorus fultont, Godwin-Austen & Beddome, A. M.N. H.
ser. 6, xiii, 1894, p. 508.

Cyclophor US (Sadpingophorus), fultont, Kobelt & Mollendortft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899:
p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 129.

Original description :—‘ Shell somewhat depressedly turbinate,
rather widely umbilicated, periphery rounded; sculpture nearly
smooth, under a lens a fine, close, oblique, vertical striation 1s
apparent, which is obsoletely decussated with delicate spiral lines.
Colour a uniform dark ruddy brown or madder-brown above and
on the sides, but several narrow and two or three broader dark
longitudinal ‘bands are distinguishable in a strong light, pearl-
white beneath. Whorls 5, the last very large, machen suddenly
increasing towards the aperture, the last three apical whorls
rising suddenly ; suture shallow ; aperture wide, nearly circular,
a little sae than broad, oblique ; peristome continuous, rather
thickened, slightly reflected, pale yellowish, columellar margin
rounded ; eReeaalae of the same colour as the shell, having 5 or
6 acutely defined volutions, the interspaces with the usual oblique
lines of growth.

“Maj. diam. 49, min. diam. 43; alt. axis, max. 20, min.
19 mom

Hab. India: Khasi Hills, Assam.

“The affinity of this beautiful species is with C. siamensis, from
which it differs in its more depressed form and more oblique
aperture, and especially in the coloration. The exact locality is

CYCLOPHORUS. 79

not known; the Khasi Hills is a large tract, and many species
found on the northern slopes draining to the Brahmaputra are
not found on the south side, while intervening is a high plateau
with a very scanty number of land-shells.” (Godwin-A usten S
Beddome.)

Fig. 14.—Cyclophorus fultoni.

The specimen figured is in the Beddome collection now in the
possession of Mr. Leman. It is smaller than the type, measuring :
major diam. 43, min. 34, axis 28 mm., and is in better condition
than any L have seen. The species appears to vary considerably
in size, a specimen in my own collection received from a native
collector in Assam in 1899 measuring 47 x 37:5 in diameter.

113. Cyclophorus haughtoni, 7heobald.

Cyclophorus haughtoni, Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 246;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. Pei 3 pl. 3, fig. 6;
pl. 48, fig. 6; 1876, p.xv; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p- 36 ; Nevill, Hand List, is 1878, p- 270; Tapparone- -Canefri,
Ann. Mus. Gi Genova, ser. 9, vii, 1889, p. "308.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophor us) haughtoni, Kobelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 129; id.,
Conch. -Cab., Cy clophoridae, 1, 1908, p. 661 , pl. 96, fig. 4.

Original deser iption : :—‘* Testa, simili C. aurantiaco solida
nitidiuscula ; carinata, superne saturate castanea; in decorticatis
speciminibus, spira lineis albidis ziczac variegata. Carina,
catenata, alternate albida et castanea, Per iomphalo albido, fasciis
nonnullis castaneis spiralibus lineato. Peristomate vix pallidissime
ochraceo, ore interiore cerulescencte. Size 1.70 major, 1.35
minor diameter in inches.

“This shell....... occurs abundantly at the ‘* Farm Caves ”
and is at once distinguished from all other Tenasserim Cyclophori
by its parti- coloured funiculate keel, which is not the result of
abrasion, but is best seen in specimens covered by the epidermis.”
( Theobald.)

Hab. Barma: Moulmein, Farm Caves (Zheobald, Stoliczka).

80 CYCLOPHORID®.

114. Cyclophorus khasiensis, Nevill.

Cyclostoma siamensis, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1850, p. 158 *,
pl. 31, figs. 392, 393.

Cyclophorus siamensis, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1852, p. 138;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 56, Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 41, Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 61; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1855, p. 280; Benson,
A.M. N. HL. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 208; Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvii,
1858, p. 8317; Reeve, Conch. leon, xiii, Cyclophorus, pl. 5, fig. 19 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 48, fig. 7; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclostoma siamense, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p. 323, pl. 42, figs. 5, 6.

Cyclophorus khasiensts, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 273 (nom.
nov.).

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) stamensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
prla2

Original description :—“C. testa depresso-subglobosa, albida,
strigis maculisque castaneis angulariter flexuosis picta; spira sub-
depresso-conica, subacuminata ; anfractibus 33, rotundatis, ultimo
maximo, ventricoso; sutura distincta, tenui; apertura circulari,
maxima, intus alba; peritremate incrassato, pallide aurantiaco,
rotundato, reflexo; umbilico majusculo, —.

“ Shell of a somewhat depressed globose form, whitish witk
angular markings and streaks of a chestnut-colour ; spire some-
what depressed, conical, slightly acuminated ; whorls 53, rounded,
the last very large, ventricose, with a distinct linear suture ;
aperture very large, circular, white within; peritreme thickened,
of a pale orange-colour, rounded and reflected ; umbilicus rather
large. The entire surface of the shell is covered with very minute
granules, irregularly arranged in spiral rows.” (Sowerby.)

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Theobald, Godwin-Austen) ;
Lacat (Theobald).

115. Cyclophorus malayanus, Benson.

Cyclostoma malayanum, Benson, A. M. INSEL. “ser; ,; x, soz;
. 269.

Cyclophorus malayanus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 42;
Preifter, op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 62; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xh,
1872, part 2, p. 262, pl. 10, figs. 1-5; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 3,
1875, pp. 102, 404; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 56;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 267.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) malayanus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 180; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 658, pl. 92, figs. 3, 4,
pl. 96, fig. 1.

Original description :—‘“ Testa depresso-turbinata, leevigata,
spiraliter exilissime obsolete striata, supra castanea, albido
undulatim strigata, interdum plurifasciata, subtus albida, castaneo

CYCLOPHORUS. 81

anguste fasciata, infra peripheriam fascia latiuscula saturata,
albido sparse articulata, ornata; spira exsertiuscula, apice acuti-
uscula ; anfractibus quingue subconvexo, ultimo rotundato,
subtus convexo; apertura vix obliqua, magna, circulari, albida ;
peristomate duplicato, leviter adnato, externo plane expanso,
superne arcuato, labio angusto; umbilico mediocri, pervio, sub-
perspectivo.

* Diam. maj. 43, minor 32, axis 29 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab, India: Shan States. Malaysia: Pulo Penang.

Stoliczka considered (loc. cit.) that the shell figured in Conch.
Ind. plate 48, fig. 4, had nothing to do with this species. He
thought it might represent a variety of C. siamensis or a peculiarly
depressed form of C. flavilabris.

116. Cyclophorus ophis, Hanley.

Cyclophorus ophis, Hanley, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 605; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. 57, pl. 144, fig. 6; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. ii; Pfeiffer, Malak.
Blatt, xxiv, 1877, p. 146; Martens, Journ, Linn. Soc. xxi, 1887,

. 160.

Gunners (Salpingophorus) ophis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 130 ; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 653, pl. 94, fig. 2.

Original description :—‘‘ T. depresso-turbiniformis, satis magna,
late umbilicata, nitida, solidiuscula, levigata, brunneo et albido
concentrice undata vel nebulosa, ad basim albida, maculis parvis
diversiformibus spiraliter fasciata ; spira satis elevata, apice livido.
Anfractus valde convexi, 54-6, superne paululum planiores,
celeriter (ultimus presertim) accrescentes; sutura simplex.
Apertura alba, permagna, unice hians, suborbicularis, latior quam
alta, infra basim porrecta : labium acutum, late reflexum, undique
expansum. Lat. circiter 2 poll. [50 mm.].” (Hanley.)

Hab. Burma: Tenasserim (Theobald). Mergui Archipelago :
Elphinstone Island (Anderson).

“This remarkable-looking shell reminds one of C. tuba in shape,
and C. siamensis in painting. Our specimen has an indistinct,
interrupted, whitish peripheral fillet; and its surface exhibits,
when magnified, some faint and close-set spiral wrinkles upon the
upper portion of the final volution.” (Hanley.)

117. Cyclophorus pealianus, Veviil.

Cyclophorus sublevigatus var. nov., Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 266.
Cyclophorus sublevigatus, var. pealiana, Nevill, J. A.S. B. xlvi,
1877, p. 27.
Cyclophorus peahanus, Nevill, J. A.S. B. 1, 1881, p. 146, pl. 6, fig. 3.
G

82 CYCLOPHORID®.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) pealianus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr, Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21 ; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 131; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 640, pl. 91, fig. 1.

Original description:—* Openly and deeply umbilicate, conically
somewhat depressedly turbinate, solid; under the lens, the lower
whorls are most minutely decussately sculptured, the apical 22
whorls on the other hand possessing characteristic, well marked,
distant, longitudinal striation only, these strie being incised and
very obliquely flexuous ; above the periphery a broad, white zone,
above and below which there are crowded chestnut- roy n pandle.
almost or altogether confluent, umbilical area white ; spire mode-
rately raised, with the apex exserted i in a * mammillate” manner,
suture distinet ; whorls 43, convex, the last one with a raised sal
somewhat rounded keel at the periphery , which becomes obsolete
near the peristome; aperture almost round, oblique, of a bluish-
white colour, peristome callously expanded, boldly and evenly
rounded, columellar margin also evenly rounded, margins of a
very characteristic, brilliant orange-red colour, joined by a well-
developed callosity of the same shade.

“* Alt. 402, diam. 58 mill.” (Nevill.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills (Peat).

118. Cyclophorus perdix, Broderip § Sowerby.

Cyclostoma perdix, Broderip & Sowerby, Zool. Journ. v, 1830,
p- 50; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 122, pl. 27, figs. 127,
128; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. ii1, 1846, p. 88; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclostomaceen, 1848, p. 60, pl. 8, figs. 7-9; Mousson, Moll.
Java, 1849, p. 54, pl. 8, fig. 1 ; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. 1852, p.63.

Cyclophorus perdiv, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 107;
id., op. cit. vill, 1851, p. 139; id. Mon. Pneum. 1852,
p- 64; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 18 52, p. 42; Adams,
Gen. Ree. Moll. 13, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 49; Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien,
Zool. ii, 1867, p. 136.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) perdix, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 18

Original description :—* C. testa spira depressiuscula, acuminata,
anfractibus quatuor, leviter striatis; carina media, wtate oblite-
rata ; yee Bago peristomate reflexo; umbilico mediocri ;
long. -! +% poll., lat. 53, poll.” (1830.) [89x 27x19mm. ]

‘¢ Shell nearly orbicular, whitish, varied with fuscous; spire
rather depressed conical, rather acuminated, with from 4-5 volu-
tions, the first of which are keeled, and the last with the keel
obsolete, and a pale band, articulated with fuscous immediately
below the suture, which is rather indistinct; aperture circular,
peritreme spreading, almost revolute ; umbilicus large.” (Sowerby,
1843.)

Hab. Burma: Tenasserim (Hay). Malay Archipelago: Java,
Rakata I., Sumatra, Banka.

CYCLOPHORUS. 83

Var. roepstorfiana, Godwin-Austen.

Cyclophorus perdix, var. roepstorfiana (Nevill MS.), Godwin-
Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 452.

Original description :—* Distinguished from C, zollingeri, Mous-
son, by the less dilated last whorl and smaller aperture, keel more
developed, and coloration of base different.

* Alt. 15°5, diam. 21°56 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands: Great Nicobar (2oepstorf).

119. Cyclophorus phayrei, Z'heobald.
Cyclophorus phayrei, Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1876, p. 57, pl. 144,
2

fies. on at.

Cyclophorus haughtoni, var. phayret, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
0. 270.

Bienen (Salpingophorus) haughtoni, var. phayrei (Nevill),
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) haughtoni phayret, Kobelt, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 654, pl. 94, figs. 4, 5.

A form never described but figured in Conch. Ind., where it is
said to resemble C. ceylanicus and C. haughtoni. The figures in
Conch.-Cab. by Kobelt are copied from Conch. Ind. Diam. maj. 49,
min. 39, alt. (incl. apert.) 36 mm.

Hab. Burma: Moulmain (Stoliezka, Theobald).

Var. noetlingi, Martens.
Cyclophorus phayret, var. noetlingt, Martens, Arch. Naturg. lxv,
part 1, 1899, p. 31, pl. 4, fig. 2.

Generally resembling the type, but considerably smaller,
measuring: major diam. 34, min. 27, alt. 24:5 mm. Apert., in-
cluding the thickened peristome, 16°5 mm. wide and high.
Coloration dusky brown, less variegated.

Hab. Burma: Padoukbin (Noetling).

120. Cyclophorus porphyreticus, Benson (em.).

Cyclostoma porphyriticoum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, viii, 1851,
p. 187; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostoma, 1854, p. 383, pl. 50,
fies. 22-24.

Cyclophorus porphyriticus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 139;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 65; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855,
p. 280; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 42, pl. 105,
fig. 4: Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

Cyclophorus porphyreticus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 269.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) porphyriticus, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) porphyreticus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 132.

Cyclophorus perdix, Reeve, Conch. Icon, xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus,

pl. 5, fig. 21 (non Brod. & Sow.).
GZ

84 CYCLOPHORTD &.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa mediocriter umbilicata, depresso-
conoidea, tenui, striis confertissimis distinctis, elevatis, subundu-
latis, spiraliter munita, albida, superne saturate castaneo, subtus
pallidiore ornata, maculis angulatis circa suturam majoribus,
conspersa, fasciis saturatis duabus albo-articulatis, altera ad
peripheriam, altera inferiori cincta; spira brevi, apice acuto,
sutura vix distincta; anfractibus 44 planulatis, ultimo angulato,
subtus planiusculo ; apertura ampla, ovato-circulari, livide albida,
peristomate tenul, expanso, reflexo, marginibus callo tenui junctis,
conniventibus, columellari angustato, leviter emarginato.

“Diam. maj. 31, minor 243, axis 18 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Fast India (Benson); Eastern side of Bay of Bengal
(Hanley & Theobald). Penang (Stoliezka). :

“ Allied to C. aguilum, Sow., but differing in tennity, depressed
form, keel, and sculpture. ... In form C. porphyriticum somewhat
approaches C. zebrinuwm, mihi, but differs in sculpture, markings,
less produced spire, less flattened underside, much wider umbilicus,
and in the absence of the peculiar hispid epidermis which clothes
that rare species.” (Benson.)

121. Cyclophorus speciosus, Philippi.

Cyclostoma speciosum, Philippi, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 123;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 170, pl. 25,
figs. 1-3; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 56.

Cyclophorus speciosus, Pteiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 138;
id., Cat, Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 36; Adams, Gen.
Ree. Moll. i, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1,
1858, p. 41; Blanford, J.A.5S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 95; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 104, fig. 4; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 386; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 267; P. Fischer, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun, iv, 1891, p. 102.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) speciosus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 21; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 133.

Original description :—* C. testa maxima, depresso-conica, con-
fertissime transversim undulato-striata, ferruginea, albo-nubecu-
lata, in basi zonis frequentibus ferrugineis ineequalibus picta; zona
latiore et obscuriore, superius albo_marginata,suturam continuante;
anfractibus sex, modice convexis, ultimo tereti, obsolete carinato ;
umbilico mediocri; apertura maxima, quadrato-orbiculari; peri-
tremate late reflexo, satis crasso, continuo, luteo-albo.—Alt.
obliqua 23’; diam. absque labro 26'".”” (Philippi.) [61x 45x
35 mm. |

Hab. Burma: Tonghoop, Pegu (Stoliczka); Rangoon (Blanford).
India: Assam (Stoliczka). Cambodia (Pavie).

Var. aureolabris, Nevill.

Cyclophorus spectosus, var. aureolabris, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

p. 267 (nom. nud.); id., J. A. S. B. 1, 1888, p. 148,

CYCLOPHORUS. 85

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) speciosus, var. aureolabris, Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 109; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 21.

Alt. 414, diam. 59, perist. crass. 8 mill.” (Veviil.)

Hab, Upper Burma: Lushai Hills (2. W. Dunn).

Differs from the type in the peristome being of a bright
orange colour.

122. Cyclophorus sublevigatus, Glanford.

Cyclophorus sublevigatus, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 446 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 34, fig. 7 ; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36 ; Nevill, Je & S.B. xlvi, 1877,
p. 27; id., Hand List, i, 1878, iP "266 ; id., in Anderson, Zool.
Res. Exped. W. Yunnan, 1879 p- 888; Tapparone-Canefri,
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 308.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophor: us) sublevigatus, Kobelt & M®éllendorff,
Nachr. ee Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 110; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 22; Kobelt, Conch. -Cab., Cy clophoridae, i i, 1908, p. 661,
pl. 96, fig. 3.

Original description :—‘* Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-
turbinata, solida, sublevigata, oblique striatula, in anfractibus
superioribus et nonnunquam sed rare in ultimo lineis impressis
confertis spiralibus decussata, castanea, supra peripheriain et circa
umbilicum spiraliter albido fasciata, periomph lo lato albo. Spira
depresso-conica, lateribus concavis, apice papillari, magis exserto,
sutura profunda. Anfr. 5, convexi, ultimus magnus, ad peri-
pheriam angulatus, angulo ames evanescente, subtus convexus
juxta aperturam leniter descendens. Apertura fere rotunda,
obliqua, lutescenti-albida, aliquantulum latior quam alta. Peri-
stoma rectum, incrassato-expansum, subcontinuum. Umbilicus
pervius. Operculum normale.

“Diam. maj. 46, min. 38, axis 25 mm.; apert. cum perist.
23 mm. lata, 212 alta, ‘is (Blanford. )

Hab. Burma: Bhamo (Anderson) ; Catein-Cauri (Fea).

Var. assamensis, Nevill.

Cyclophorus eximius (non Mousson), Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, p. 15, pl. 33, figs. 1, 7.

Cyclophorus sublevigatus var. assamensis, Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 266.

Much larger than the type, measuring: diam. maj. 57, alt. incl.
apert. 43mm. In C. eaimus, Mousson, from Java, the aperture

is much wider.
Rab. India: Khasi Hills, Assam.

86 CYCLOPHORID®.

123. Cyclophorus theobaldianus, Benson.
Cyeclophorus theobaldianus, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,

p. 206; Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 246; Pieiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1868, p. 47; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 186i,
Cyclophorus, pl. 10, fig. 41; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862,
p- 144; xxxiv, 1865, p. 96; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 64; Suppl. 3, 1875, PP: 103, 405; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. ib fig. 2; 1876, p. Bie pl. 144, fig. 2 (var.) ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. Ind, 1876, p. 36; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 266.
Cyclophor us se var. Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875

pl. 104, fig.

Cyc lophor us isalangonicn us) theobaldianus, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 110; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 22; MKobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 184; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 652, pl. 94, fig. 1.

Original description :— Testa mediocriter umbilicata, turbinato-
depressa, solidiuscula, lineis filiformibus elevatis flexuosis spiral1-
bus, striisque obliquis clathrato-decussata, subtus Jeeviori, castaneo-
fusea, superne strigis albidis interruptis picta, subtus area lata
pallida, fascia angusta albida mediana, et infra eam altera lata
castanea cincta ; spira mediocri, turbinata, apice acutiusculo,
sutura distineta ; anfractibus 5 convexis, celeriter accrescentibus,
ultimo subcarinato, basi convexa; apertura obliqua, subcirculari,
ampla, latiuscula, intus albida; peristomate fornicato-reflexo,
interdum inerassato, lutescente, breviter adnato, callo parietali
superne expansiusculo, angulato-calleso, margine columellari
leviter sinuato, operculo paleaceo, crassiusculo, marginibus an-
fractuum centralium vix conspiculs, intus umbone minuto munito.

“ Diam. major 50, minor 39, axis 28 mill. ; aperture: alt. et lat.
(perist. incl.) 29 mill.” (Benson)

Hab. India: Assam (Stoliczka). Burma: Thyet Myo, Pegu,
Moulmain (Zheobald); Prome and Henzada Distr. (Llanford) ;
Chittagong (Stoliczka).

Theobald * reduces C. theobaldianus to a synonym of C, speciosus,
but the figures in Conch. Ind. do not bear out this view.

124. Cyclophorus zebrinus, Genson.

Cyclostoma zebrinum, Benson, J. A. S. B. v, 1836, p. 355; Pfeiffer,
Be Malak. viii, 1851, p. 140; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i , 1850,
p. 157 A pl. Bil es fies. 287, O88 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, 1852,
p. 71; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 256, pl. 34,
tigs. 2]- 93; Benson, A \. M. N.H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 114.

Cyclophorus zebrinus, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p- 49; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 52; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858,

* Cat. Shells Brit. Tada 1876, Addenda, p. ii.

CYCLOPHORUS. 87

p- 318; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyelophorus, pl. ue
fie. 46; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 66; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 2, tig. 2 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 36 ; Godwin-Austen, J) AS Se Bi xly, 1876,
part 2, p. 1738; G. Nevill, J.A.S. B. xlvi, 1877, p. 28 (var.) ; id.,
Hand List, i, 1878, p- 268; id., in Anderson, Zool. Res. E xped,
W. Yunnan, i, 1879, p. Seg: Martens, Journ, Linn, Soc. xxi,
1887, p. 160 (a. fypicus) ; T'apparone- -Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genova, ser. 2, vil, 1889, p. 309 (var, minor) ; Smith, The
Conchologist, ii, 1895, p. 6.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) zebrinus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 108; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 20; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 128.

Original description :—‘ Testa albida, strigis plurimis rufo-
castaneis, angulato-flexuosis picta, spira depressiuscula, acuminata ;
anfractibus plici s paucis transversalibus distantibus, ultimo rugis
undulatis longitudinalibus sculptis ; carina media subacuta. Aper-
tura ampla, peritremate reflexo; umbilico parvo. _ Epidermide
crassa, fusca, plicis longitudinalibus, his setis fortibus munitis,
instructis.

“ Diam. 10°35 poll. [34x27 x21 mm.]

“Tt differs [from C. perdiv, Sowb.] in its sculpture, in its more
developed keel, more contracted umbilical cavity, and in the
possession of a singular epidermis, of which Mr. Sowerby’ 8 speci-
mens of C. perdiv, though one was taken alive at Tenasserim,
appear to have been destitute. In the latter species the markings
are white mottled on a chestnut ground ; in zebrinum they con-
sist of distant zigzag flames of light chestnut on a white ground.”
( Benson.)

Hab. India: Silhet (Benson); Dafla Hills, Khasi Hills, Muni-
pur (Godwin-Austen). Burma: Hoetone (Anderson); Bhamo( fea).
Mergui Archipelago: King Island (Anderson). China: Ponsee,
Yunnan (Anderson).

Var. ambigua, JJartens.

Cyclophorus zebrinus, var. ambiguus, Martens, Journ, Linn, Soc. xxi,
1886, p. 160, pl. 15, fig. 9.

Cyclophorus ( Glossostylus) zebrinus, var. ambigua, Wobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 108; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 20; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 128.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) zebrinus ambiguus, Kobelt, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 610, pl. 82, fig. 7

Original description :—‘*‘ Minor, obtuse angulatus, costulis
spiralibus obsolescentibus, fulvus, intra suturam maculis fuscis et
albidis ornatus, subtus fasciolatus, umbilico sat angusto, peristo-
mate albido. Diam. maj. 28, alt. 21; apert. diam. et alt. 15 mm.”

Hab. Mergui Archipelago: Owen and Sullivan Islands (Ancder-
son).

88 CYCLOPHORIDA.

Var. chrysolabris, Kobelt.

Cyclophorus zebrinus, 3. aureolabris (non Neyill), Martens, Journ.
Linn. Soc. xxi, i887, p. 160.

Cyelophorus (Glossostylus) zebrinus, var. aureolabris, Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 108; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 20.

Cyclophorus (Glossostylus) zebrinus, var. chrysolabris, Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 128.

‘¢ Peristome intensely yellow.” ( Martens.)
Hab. Burma: Mergui, Tenasserim (Anderson).

Subgenus CYCLOPHORUS, Montfort.

Cyclophorus, Montfort, Conchyl. Syst. ii, 1810, p. 290; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 135.

Eucyclophorus (as section), Mollendorff, Jahrb. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xii, 1886, p. 162; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 110; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 22.

Typn, Cyclostoma punctata, Grateloup.

Range. India, Ceylon, Farther India, China, Japan, Loo Choo
Archipelago.
Shell subturbinate, without spiral lire, usually spirally striated.

125. Cyclophorus affinis, Vheobald.

Cyclophorus affinis, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 246;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 61; Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 101; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 2, fig. 7, pl. 48,
fig. 2; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 85; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 270.

Cyclophorus (Eucyclophorus) affinis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 110; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 22.

Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) affinis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 135.

Cyclophorus (Salpingophorus) affinis, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, 1, 1908, p. 654, pl. 94, figs. 6, 7.

Original description :—* Testa subgloboso-turbinata, umbilicata,

The specimen figured is in the British Museum Collection.

solidiuscula, castaneo-marmorata, haud nitida, vix carinata

CYCLOPHORUS. 89

peristomate reflexo, forti, expansiusculo-distorto, pallidissime
flavescente, intus cerulescente.

“Major diam. 1-4-1°6 [385-40 mm.], min, 1-12-1386 in. [28-
34 mm.].” (TLheobald.)

Hab. Burma: Moulmain.

Var. picta, Theobald.

Cyclophorus affinis, var. picta, Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 42,
pl. 104, fig. 1.

Cyclophorus haughtoni, var. picta, Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,
p- 270.

Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) uffinis, var. picta, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 155.

‘A most lovely shell, which has sometimes minute spiral
striole, sometimes concentric wrinkles.” (T’heobald.)

Hab. Burma: Zwagabin, Moulmain (Stoliczka, Theobald).

Larger than the type, measuring 44 mm. in diameter.

126. Cyclophorus punctatus, Grateloup.

Cyclostoma punctatum, Grateloup, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, x1,
1839, p. 168, 1841, p. 440, pl. 3, tig. 10; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclostomaceen, 1847, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 12, 13.

Cyclostoma irroratum, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. Gili rade,
Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 123, pl. 27, figs. 184, 185.

Cyclophorus punctatus, Preitter, Mon. Pneum, 1852, p. 67 ; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 1,
1858, p. 50; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 12,
tig. 51; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 65; Martens, Preuss.
Mxped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 89; Morelet, Ser. Conch. iv,
1875, p. 284; Pfeitfer, op. cit. Suppl. 3, 1875, pp. 104, 406 ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 267.

Pterocyclos punctatus, Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii,
1894, p. 301.

Cyclophorus (Eucyclophorus) punctatus, Kobelt & Mdllendorff,
Nachr, Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 23.

Cyclophorus ( Cyclophorus) punctatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 142.

Cyclophorus (s. str.) punctatus, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,

i, 1908, p. 626, pl. 87, figs. 7, 8.

Original description :—* C. testa trocbiformi, umbilicata, luteola,
transversim fasciata, seriatim lineolato-punctifera ; fasciis lineo-
lisque fusco-violaceis ; apertura rotundata intus albida; peristo-
mate candido, subreflexo ; spira acuta.

“ Coquille trochiforme, epidermée, ombiliquée, d’un jaune pale,
ornée de fascies transverses et de lineoles déchiquetées et poncti-
formes, mais réguliérement disposées par séries, de couleur brune-
violacée. Le dessus de la coquille est principalement recouvert
de petites maculations ou flammules en zig-zag, tres rapprochées.
Cing tours de spire arrondis ; le sommet acuminé, lisse et violet.

90 CYCLOPHORID #.

Ouverture ronde, blanche & Vintérieur. Le péristome blane,
brillant, arrondi et réfléchi sur les bords.

* Haut.: 18 4 20 mill:—Diam. “de la base, 22 4 23 "mull-”
(Grateloup.)

Hab. Ceylon (Grateloup) ; Monahagalla (Layard). Annam
(Morelet). China: Hongkong (Kobelt) : Canton (Martens, Richt-
hofen).

Its recorded occurrence in Ceylon has been questioned by sub-
sequent writers.

127. Cyclophorus scurra, Benson.

Cyclophorus scurra, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 208 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 47; Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 64; Suppl. 3,
1875, pp. 103, 405; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1875,
pl. 108, figs. 2,3; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36 ;
Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 272.

Cyclophor us (Eueyeluphor us), scurra, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id.,Cat. Pneum. 1899 ,p- 23.

Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) scurrd, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16,
1902, p. ae

Cyclophorus (s. str.) layardi (nen Adams), Kobelt, Conch.-Cab.,

Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 646, pl. 91, figs. 10, 11.

Original description :— Testa subanguste umbilicata, tenui,
cloboso-turbinata, nitida, tenuiter striata, striis exilissimis spirali-
bus, sub lente vix conspicuis, decussata, albida, superne strigis
undatis, lineisque spiralibus, subtus fasciis (submediana majori)
castaneis picta; spira turbinato- conica, apice acutiusculo, nigres-
cente ; antractibus 5 convexis, sensim accrescentibus, alia
rotundato; apertura vix obliqua, circulari, superne leviter angu-
lata; peristomate simplici, tenui, anguste expansiusculo, albido.
Opere. p

“Diam. major 19, minor 16, axis 14 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma : Pesu (Theobald) ; Tongoop Pass, Arakan
(Blanford); Upper Burma (Anderson).

Kobelt in 1908 was led off the track. On page 560, pl. 70,
figs. 1 & 2, he correctly deals with Vheobaldius layardi (Cyclo-
phorus layardi, Adams), but on the present occasion * he refers
Cyclophorus layardi to the section Cyclophorus, s. str., and considers
the species a doubtful one, stating that it does not agree with
Adams’s description and dimensions. He quotes and copies
Conch, Ind. pl. 105, figs. 2, 3, which represents Cyclophorus (s. stv.)
scurra, Benson, whereas Adanis’s species is illustrated by Hanley

& Theobald on pl. 104, figs. 2, 3!

Var. davisoniana, NVevill.

Cyclophorus scurra, var. davisoniana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
‘P Dil) (cme TED,

* concn Cab., Grienendcen tls 1908, p. 646, pl. 91, figs. 10, 11.

CYCLOPHORUS. 9]

Cyclophorus (Eucyclophorus) scurra, var. davisoniana, Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 28.

Cyclophorus (Cyclophorus) seurra, var. davisoniana, Iobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 142.

Last whorl more contracted and base less convex than in the
type. Nevill stated that it would probably prove to be a distinct
species.

Hab. Burma: Tenasserim (Davison).

Subgenus CYCLOHELIX, Wérch.

Cyclohelix, Mérch, Cat. Conch, Yoldi, i, 1852, p. 41; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 25; Kobelt &
Molendorft, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 283; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 144.

Typr, Turbo foliaceus, Chemnitz.

Range. Nicobar and Andaman Islands.

Shell conical-turbinate, generally with spiral sculpture, um-
bilicus narrow or covered. Peristome much thickened. Operculum
spiral, smooth in front, flat, thin.

128. Cyclophorus crocatus, Born.

Turbo crocatus, Born, Index Mus. Vindob. 1778, p. 343.

Trochus crocatus, Born, Testacea, 1780, p. 338, pl. 12, figs. 11, 12.

Cyclophorus crocatus, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p- 55; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 111

Cyclophorus (Cycloheliv) crocatus, Morch, Journ. Conchy!. xx,
1872, p. 316; id., op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p. 860; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 275; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
il, 1897, p. 24, pl. 68, figs. 5-8 (anatemy) ; Kobelt & Mélendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 154; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 101; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 144.

Trochus turbo, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. ix, part 2, 1786, pp. 2, 53,
pl. 122, fig. 1059.

Cyclostoma turbo, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1845, p. 116, pl. 25,
figs. 102, 105; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1848,
p. 140, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5.

Cyclophorus turbo, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 108; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 80; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii, 1861, Cyclophorus,
pl. 18, fig. 57; Pfeiffer, Malak. Bl. xxiv, 1877, p. 147.

Cyclophorus (Cyclohelia) turbo, Moreh, Cat. Conch. Yoldi, i,
1852, p. 41; id., Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 338; Nevill, Hand
List, 1, 1878, p. 275; Kobelt & Modllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 111; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 28.

Cyclostoma maculosa, Jay, Cat. Shelis, ed. 3, 1839, p. 122, pl. 7,
figs. 9, 10.

Original description :—* Testa conica, levis ; anfractus circiter
quinque convexi, sulco suturali interstincti; basis convexa ;

92 CYCLOPHORID2.

columella angulata, replicata, tegens umbilicum obsoletum ; color
baseos et epidermidis albus nitens, spire sub epidermide
croceus.” (Born.)

Diam. maj. 25, min. 21, alt. 16 mm.

Hab. Nicobar Islands: Galathea Bay, Kondul (Stoliczka) ;
Camorta (Stoliczka, Roepstorf ).

129. Cyclophorus denselineatus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma denselineatum (Cyclophorus), Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1852, p. 62.

Cyclostoma denselineatum, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
18538, p. 348, pl. 45, figs. 17, 18,

Cyclophorus denselineatus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 68;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 50; id., Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 65; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xiii, 1864, Cyclophorus, pl. 8, fig. 54.

Cyclophorus commamaculatus, Frauenteld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot.
Ges. xix, 1869, p. 878 (nom. nud.).

Cyclophorus commaculatus (Behn), Morch, Journ, Conchyl. xx,
1872, p. 330.

Cyclophorus ( Cycloheliz) denselineatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 28, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 145.

Original description :—* C. testa umbilicata, globoso-turbinata,
solida, lineis spiralibus impressis et obliquis minutissime decussata,
vix nitidula, pallide fulva, maculis et fasciis interruptis fuscis
picta; spira turbinata, sursum nigricante, apice acuta; anfracti-
bus 5, parum convexis, ultimo superne conyexiore, infra medium
obtuse carinato, basi planiusculo, circa umbilicum angustum,
pervium pallido ; apertura parum obliqua, subcirculari, transverse
dilatata ; peristomate incrassato, vix expanso, marginibus approxi-
matis, callo junctis, columellari reflexiusculo.

“ Diam. maj. 233, min. 20, alt. 16 mill.” (DPfecffer.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands (Frauenfeld).

130. Cyclophorus foliaceus, Chemnitz.

Turbo foliaceus, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. ix, part 2, 1786, p. 59,
pl. 125, figs. 1069, 1070.

Cyclostoma foliaceum, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847,
p- 86, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11.

Otopoma foliacea, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 35;
Bourguignat, Moll. Pays Comalis Medjourtin, 1882, p. 60.

Cyclophorus foliaceus, Bensun, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 97 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 65; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36; Mérch, Journ. Conch. xx,
1872, p. 339; id., op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p. 360; Pfeitter, Malak.
BL. xxiv, 1877, p. 147.

Cyclophorus (Leptupomoides) foliaceus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 274.

Leucoptychia foliacea, Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxxiii, 1885, p. 12,

pl. 1, figs. 1-le (shell), figs. 1d, 1 e (operc.).

CYCLOPHORUS. 93

Cyclophorus (Cyclohelix) foliaceus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 28; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 145, fig. 28
(p. 144) ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 673, pl. 98,
figs. 1-3.

“Shell deeply umbilicated, somewhat depressed-turbinate, solid,
with weak lines of growth decussated by spiral lines, rose-coloured,
with a white peripheral zone; spire moderately elevated ; apex
blunt, suture deep; whorls 53, slightly convex, increasing slowly,
the last higher than the spire, indistinctly carinated, descending
slightly, covered with varicose lamelle at various distances ;
aperture oblique, subcircular, brownish within; peristome re-
flexed, whitish, united by a thick callus ; columellar margin
dilated, half covering the umbilicus which is contracted by the
entering lamelle. Operculum thin, many whorled, with central
nucleus.— Diam. 31 x 26, alt. 27 mm.” (Aobelt, in German.)

Hab, Nicobar Islands : Camorta (Roepstorf).

131. Cyclophorus leai, 77yon.

Cyclophorus foliaceus, non Turbo foliaceus, Chemn., Benson,
A. M.N.N. ser. 3, vii, 1861, p. 29; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiii,
1861, Cyclophorus, pl. 13, figs. 52a, 6; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 1, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6; 1876, p. xv; Tryon,
Amer. Journ. Conch. vi, 1870, p. 25; Stolickza, J. A.8.B.
xxxix, part 2, 1870, p. 87; Pfeiffer, Malak. Bl. xviii, 1871,

. 106.

Guvionie leat, Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch. v, 1869, p. 111,
pl. 10, fig. 6; id., op. cit. vi, 1870, p. 25.

Cyclophorus (Cyclostoma) leai, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 105.

Cyclophorus (Leptopomoides) leat, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 274.

Leucoptychia leat, Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxxiii, 1885, p. 16, pl. 1,
figs. 2-2 f (shell), figs. 2g, 2 A (operc.).

Cyclophorus ( Cycloheliz) leai, Kubelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 111; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 23;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 145; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, i, 1908, p. 672, pl. 92, figs. 8-10.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conic, narrowly ambili-
cate; whorls five, eonvex, closely spirally striated ; aperture oval;
lip slightly reflected. Epidermis light brown, crossed by zigzag
darker flames, which are most apparent below the sutures.
Operculum ?

** Dimensions—Diam. 16, alt. 19 mm.”. (Zryon.)

Hab. Andaman Archipelago (Stoliczka, Wood-Mason, Roepstorf).

132. Cyclophorus nicobaricus, Pfeiffer.

Cyclophorus (Cycloheliv) trochoides (Helicodonta), Mérch, Cat.
Conch. Yoldi, 1852, p. 41 (nom. nud.).

Cyclophorus trochoides (Yoldi), Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1852,
p. 280; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 58,

94 CYCLOPHORID2.

Cyclophorus nicobaricus (Behn), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 68.

Cyelophor us (Cyclohelix) nieobaricus, Mirch, Journ. Conchyl. xx,
1872, ps 317; id.; op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p- 361; Godwin-Austen,
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 461; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, polis ids Cat. Pneum. 1899;
p- 23; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 146.

Cyclophor us nicobarius, Pfeiffer, Malak, BI. xxiv, 1877, p. 147.

Original description :—“<T. anguste umbilicata, trochiformis,
solida, oblique striata, striisque, spiralibus confertissimis sub lente
decussata, sericina, fulva, albo-guttulata ; spira conica, acutius-
cula; sutura carino- marginata ; ; anfr. 5 modice convexi, ultimus
ad basin subacute carinatus, basi subplanatus ; apertura diagonalis,
truncato-auriformis ; perist. carneum, incrassatum, vix expansius-
culum, marginibus vix callo junctis, dextro ad insertionem flexuoso,

Fig. 16.—Cyclophorus nicobaricus.

eolumellari umbilicum semitegente, versus basin callum denti-
formem gerente.—Opere. tenue, rubello-corneum.— Diam. maj. 17,
min. 15, alt. 13 mill. Ap. 9 mill. alta.” (Pfecffer.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands: Pulo Panjang (Heinhardt, Didrichsen).

The species is now figured for the first time from a specimen in
the Beddome Collection ; it measures: 15°5 x 15°75 mm. in diameter,
alt. 15 mm.

In the British Museum I found three specimens received from
the Copenhagen Museum in 1866, labelled Cyclophorus helicoides,
Yoldi, Little Nicobar, Galathea Expedition. Now the only
species mentioned in the Yoldi Catalogue under that name is
Grateloup’s, which belongs to a Leptopoma. The specimens in
question differ from C. micobaricus only in size, measuring: diam.
maj. 20, min. 18:5, alt. (ancl. apert.) 21 mm. They may be
referred to as var. major, nov. One specimen has the umbilicus
a little less covered by the columellar margin of the peristome.

Genus AULOPOMA, 7’roschel.

Aulopoma, Troschel, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 48; Gray, Nomencl.
Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 14; Pfeiter Zeits. ie vill, 1851,
p- 1387; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 34; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 52; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i 1855, p: 282;
Chenu, Manuel Conchyl.i, part 2, 1860, p. 488; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 279; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 744 (as subgenus
of Cyclophorus) ; Kobelt & Méllendoitt, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.

AULOPOMA,. 95

Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25 ; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p, 157.

Typr, Aulopoma hofmeistert, Troschel.

Range. Ceylon.

Shell w idely umbilicated, depressed turbinate or discoid, last
whorl solute; peristome continuous, free, fitting into a cirenlar
groove on the inner side of the operculum, which is slightly larger
than the aperture, planorbis-shaped, multispiral, composed of two
laminee with a spiral cavity between.

133. Aulopoma grande, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma (Aulopoma) grande, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855,
p- 104; id. Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1856, p. 69, pl. 19, figs. 11-13.

Aulopoma grande, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 39;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 47, fis, 1 2:
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 279; Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p. 113; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 158.

Original description :—‘‘C. teste umbilicata, depressa, solida,
confertim distincte striata, sulcis spiralibus nonnullis remotis
sculpta, sub epidermide nigro-fusca, seepe fasciatim detrita, obsolete
marmorata; spira brevissima conoidea, vertice subtili, acuminato,
nigricante; anfr. 5 convexis, ultimo terete, basi leviore, antice
breviter soluto, vix descendente; apertura obliqua, subcireulari ;
perist. simplice, recto.—Opere. subsexspiraio, anfractibus oblique
valide plicatis.

“ Diam. maj. 25, min. 213, alt. 13 mm.” (Pferffer.)

Hab, Ceylon (Thwaites).

134. Aulopoma helicinum, Chemnitz.

Turbo helicinus, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. ix, part 2, 1786, p. 59, pl. 123,
figs. 1067, 1068.

Cyclostoma helicinum, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849,
p- 160, pl. 22, figs. 4, 5.

Aulopoma helicinum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p.111; Gray,
Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 14; Pfeiffer, op. cit. viii, 1851,
p. 188; id., Mon, Pneum, 1882, p- 93; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 35; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 285; Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 8; H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 37; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p 279;
Jousseaume, Mém, Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 302: Kobelt
& Mdllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897; p. 113;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 158

*C. testa late umbilicata, subdiscoidea, tenuiuscula, striata,
pallide cornea, rufo-marmorata et unifasciata; spira mucronate,

96 CYCLOPHORID.

cerulescenti-fusca, anfr. 4 teretibus, ultimo antice descendente,
soluto; apertura obliqua, subcirculari; perist. continuo, recto,
acuto, tenui.—Operc. corneum, utrinque concavum, angustissime
spiratum, anfr. convexis, extus confertim plicatus.” (Pfeiffer.)
Diam. maj. 138, min. 10, alt. 6-5 mm.
Hab. Ceylon: Balapiti (Vevilt).

135. Aulopoma itieri, Guérin,

Cornu venatorivm, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. ix, part 2, 1786, p. 104,
pl. 127, figs. 1132, 1183.

Aulopoma cornu-venatorium, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 84; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 283, pl. 85,
fig. 8 (shell) ; figs. 8a, 8 6 (operculum); Chenu, Man. Conchyl.
1, part 2, 1860, p. 488, fig. 3604.

Cyclostoma ttier?, Guérin, Rev. Zool. x, 1847, p. 2.

Aulopoma itiert, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 111; Gray,
Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850,'p. 14; Pfeiffer, op. cit. viii, 1851,
p. 137; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit, Mus. 1852, p. 34; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1862, p. 52; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i1, 1855, p. 283;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p.89; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 4, fig. 7, var. fig. 6; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic.
Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Pfeiffer, Cat. Pheum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
pp. 98, 403 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 27 ; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 279; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 158, fig. 33 (p. 157).

Original description: — “Testa crassiuscula, suborbiculari,
superne depressa, pallida, castaneo-undulata, spira brevi; anfrac-
tibus quinis, striatis, striis ex sutura profunda radiantibus ; ultimo
aufractu prope aperturam disjuncto, antice inclinato; umbilico
lato, profundo; operculo corneo, tenui, spirali, externe posite,
marginem aperture excedente.

“ Largeur 0:015; hauteur 000°9. [22x18x11 mm.]

“Cette espéce, qui se rapproche un peu des C. substriatum et
C. planorbulum des auteurs anglais, n’aurait rien de bien re-
marquable si ce n’était la singularité de son opercule, qui est tout
4 fait extérieur, dépassant l’ouverture et dont les bords sont recus
dans un petit canal.—Cet opercule corné, assez fragile, a l’aspect
Wun planorbe déprimé. C'est le premier exemple qui soit parvenu
& notre connaissance d’un opercule extérieur, et dans lequel vient
semboiter le bord de ouverture.” (Guérin- Méneville.)

Hab. Ceylon (tier).

Var. hofmeisteri, 7’roschel.

Aulopoma hofmeisteri, Troschel, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 43.

Aulopoma hoffmeisteri, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850,
p- 14; Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, vii, 1851, p. 265; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 22, pl. 47, figs. 3, 4; H. Nevill,
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Aulopoma itieri, var. hoffmeistert, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 159,

a

AULOPOMA—PTEROCYCLUS, 97

Original description (in German) :—“ It is flat, almost disk-
shaped, with a very acute, scarcely projecting spire, very deep
suture, wide umbilicus, and it is yellowish in colour, with brown
bandsand markings. Diam. 8'".” (Zroschel.) [16x12x7 mm.]

Hab. Ceylon.

136. Aulopoma spheroideum, Dohrn.

Aulopoma spheroideum, Dohrn, Malak. Blitter, iv, 1857, p. 85;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 39; H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5 (A. spherotdeum) ; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 87 ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 279; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p. 113 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 159.

Original description: —**T. anguste umbilicata, conoidea-
globulosa, tenuis, striatula, sub epidermide fulva albida, obsolete
rufo-maculata ; spira conoidea, apice nigricans, acutiuscula; anfr.
vix ultra 4 rapide accrescentes, 2 ultimi turgidi, ultimus antice
breviter solutus ; apertura obliqua, circularis, superne levissime
subangulata; perist. simplex, rectum.—Opere pallidum, extus
medio excavatum, anfr. 5 convexis, oblique striatis.—Diam.
maj. 134, min. 113, alt. 9 mill. Ap. diam. 63 mill.”

Hab. Ceylon (Nietner).

Genus PTEROCYCLUS, Benson.

Pterocyclos, Benson, J.A.S. B. i, 1882, p. 11; id., Zool. Journ. v, 1834
p. 462; id., J.A.S. B. v. 1836, p. 356; Troschel, Zeits. Malak.
iv, 1847, p. 44; Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, i, 1848, p. 345;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 193; Gray,
Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 11; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak.
vill, 1851, p. 125; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 41; id., Cat.
Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 25; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll.
ii, 1855, p. 277; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 486 ;
Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 114.

Pterocyclus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 260; Fischer, Man.
Conchyl. 1885, p. 745; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 160; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 719.

Steganotoma, Troschel, Arch. Naturg. iii, part 1, 1837, p. 163.

Typn, Pterocyclos rupestris, Benson.

Range. India, Farther India, Ceylon, Southern China, Malaysia.

Shell discoid, somewhat convex above, concave below, and
widely umbilicated; whorls cylindrical, slightly adhering together,
and visible on both sides. Sutures channelled. Peristome reflected,
interrupted at the summit of the aperture by an oblique sinus.
Outer lip furnished, at the upper part, with an arched wing, which
overhangs the sinus. Wing broad, tumid, bending downwards and
mucronate in front, adhering to the penultimate whorl. Oper-
culum multispiral, convex outside, the edges of the whorls slightly
raised, concave inside.

H

98 CYCLOPHORIDA,

137. Pterocyclus aborensis, Godwin-Austen.

Pterocyclos aborensis, Godwin- Austen, Rec. Ind, Mus, viii, 1915,
p. 498, pl. 39, fig. 1.

“Shell subdepressedly turbinate, very openly umbilicated. Sculp-
ture, epidermal lines of growth strong. Well raised distant spiral
lire, both on upper and lower side. The one next the suture the
most conspicuous, with two less pronounced intervening, about
14 altogether. Colour a rich umber-brown. Spire subconoid,
apex small. Suture deep. Whorls 5, regularly increasing,
angulately rounded on periphery. Aperture circular, Peristome
double, not thickened, slightly reflected, inner lip continuous, the
outer expanded forward at inner angle into a half closed spout-
shaped wing. Columellar margin subvertically curved. Oper-
culum not seen.

‘¢ Major diam. 26:0; alt. axis 10°0 mm.” (G'odwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills, Ponging; Rami Lambang (Oakes).

138. Pterocyclus albersi, Pfeiffer.

Pterocyclos albersi, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 151; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 197, pl. 28, figs. 1-5;
Gray, Nomencl. Moll, Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 12; Pfeiffer, Cat.
Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 28; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 45;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. ‘O77: Benson, A. M.N. B.
Sen. 2) xix, 18/7, p. 2085 Theobald, JepAGsals: "xxvii, 1858,
p- 317; Pteiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 80; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 2, fig. 9; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 87; Smith, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878,
p. 499 ; Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 245.

Cyclostoma albersi, Petit, Journ, Conchyl. 1, 1850, p. 41.

Pterocyclus albersi, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr, Deuts, Malak.
Gestacxix S07 pis ede Cat: Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902, Peal rids., Conch,-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, 11, 1909, p. 720.

Original descriptton:—“'T. latissime umbilicata, discoidea,
solidula, striatula, sub epidermide cornea alba, castaneo mar-
morata et fascia lata nigricante infra medium circumdata; spiro
medio vix elevata; anfr. 5 planiusculi, sutura profunda, canali-
culata discreti, ultimus antice solutus, superne squamoso-carinatus;
apertura subcircularis, intus albida; perist. duplex, internum
rectum, prominulum, expansiusculum, superne profunde incisum,
externum subincrassatum, patens, superne in rostrum antrorsum
incurvatum, liberum, postice in carinam abiens protractum.—
Operculum extus convexum, spiraliter lamellatum : lamellis inferis
spinis erectis confertis coronatis—Diam. 26, ait. 9
(Pfeiffer)

Hab. Burma: Hlindet. India: Teria Ghat, Assam (Theobald).

E. A. Smith in 1878 questioned the occurrence of this species
in India and Burma on the strength of Hanley’s statement in
Conch. Ind. p. 58, that the shell referred to this species by

mill.”

PTHROCYCLUS. 99

Benson in 1857 was a variety of P. parvus. Lt.-Col. Godwiu-
Austen, however, in 1888 again recorded the species from Burma.

139. Pterocyclus ater, Stoliczka,

Pterocyclus ater, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xl, 1871, p. 149, pl. 6, fig. 2;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262 ; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 161 ; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 726, pl. 105, figs. 4-6.

Pterocyclos ater, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 38, 1875, p. 51;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37; Hanley & Theo-
bald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, figs. 5, 6. i

Original description :— Pt. testa orbiculato-planorbulari, latis-
sime umbilicata; apice vix exserto; anfractibus quinis, depressi-
uscule teretibus, sutura profunda junctis, liris spiralibus tenuibus,
plus minusve distincte setiferis, subdistantibus, ornatis, sub epi-
dermide lividis, transversaliter fulguratim castaneo notatis, epider-
mide scabriuscula, transversim conferte striata, indutis; ultimo
anfractu ad aperturam sensim descendente ; apertura obliqua, cir-
culari, peristomate duplici, interno paululum crassiculo, ad suturam
emarginato, externo tenui, dilatato, supra in alam angustam,
curvatam, atque ad anf. penultimum leviter affixam expanso, pone
alam perforato. Diam. maj. 16°5, d. min. 13°65, alt. tot. teste 7-2,
axis 3°2, diam. diag. apert. cum perist. 6 mm.

“ Operculum orbiculare, supra lamellis spiralibus exstantibus,
distincte denticulatis, compositum, infra levigatum, volutionibus
angustis spiralibus concentrice minute striatis.

“Animal fere uniforme atrum, corpore supra, tentaculis ad
terminationem et pede lateraliter ad marginem inferiorem paulo
palidoribus ; forma ab ceteris speciebus ejusdem generis haud
distincta.” (Stoliczka.)

Hab. Burma: Kuengan near Moulmain (7heobald).

The outer lip is at the suture produced into a narrow obtuse
wing, curved towards and loosely attached to the previous whorl,
leaving a rounded circular foramen behind it. The whorls of the
operculum are peculiarly dentate above.

140. Pterocyclus bifrons, Pfeiffer.

Pterocyclos bifrons, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 117; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p.80; Reeve, Conch. Icon, xiv, 1863, pl.i,
fig. 1 ; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 42; H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 58, p. 885; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p- 88; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, figs. 8, 9 ;
Jousseaume, Mém., Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 301.

Pterocyclus bifrons, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 261; Kobelt &
MOllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113; id.,
Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. Lee ; a Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 723, pl. 104,
figs. 15, 16,

H 2

100 CYCLOPHORID#.

Original description :—*‘ Pt. testa umbilicata, discoidea, solida,
superne arcuato-striatula, nitida, purpurascenti-castanea ; spira
plana, vertice subtili, lucide castaneo; sutura alba; anfr. 6 con-
vexis, ultimo latiore, peripheria obsolete angulata, antice descen-
dente et juxta suturam prominentiam fornicatam formante, basi
violaceo; apertura diagonali, subcirculari; perist. duplicato,
incrassato; interno superne sulco triangulari interrupto, externo
subpatente, superne producto et in prominentiam anfractus ultimi
abeunte.

“Diam. maj. 25, min. 214, alt. 8 mm.” (Pferffer.)

Hab. Ceylon.

141. Pterocyclus bilabiatus, Sowerby.

Pterocyclos bilabiatus (Sowerby), Benson, Zool. Journ. v, 1835,
p. 462 (no description) ; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 111;
Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, i, 1848, p. 346; Pfeiffer, Conch.-
Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 193, pl. 24, figs. 11-14, 1858,
p- 231; Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 18; Pfeiffer,
Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, pp. 4, 187; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 31; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 277;
Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxx, 1861, pp. 363, 364; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiv, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 3, fig. 18; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 5, fig. 2; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 58.

Cyclostoma bilabiatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1848, p. 110,
pl. 25, figs. 81, 82.

Pterocyclus bilabiatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 163; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1909,
p. 724,

Original description :—* Shell discoid, with a depressed, nearly
flat spire, of a pale colour, undulated with chestnut; volutions
five, rounded, increasing gradually in size, quite smooth; suture
distinct, rather deep; aperture nearly circular, with a double
peritreme; inner peritreme simple, notched at the upper part,
outer one sinuous and undulated, running into a vaulted tubercle
at the upper part; umbilicus large and spreading, volutions
distinct within; operculum circular, spiral, concave within, convex
and lamellar externally.” (Sowerby.)

Diam. maj. 20, min. 17, alt. 8:5 mm.

Hab. India: Salem, Madras (Heath); Kolamullay Hills and
Nilghiris (Blanford) ; Coonoor Pass (Nevill).

Var. conica, Nevill.

Pterocyclus bilabiatus, var. conica, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262;
Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p. 118; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 163.

“An elevated closely wound form.” (JVeviil.)
Hab. Ceylon,

PTBROCYCLUS. 101

142. Pterocyclus brahmakundensis, Godwin-Austen.

Pterocyclos brahmakundensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus.
vili, 1915, p. 499, fig. 1.

“ Shell very depressedly discoid, smooth throughout, very widely
umbilicated; sculpture fine and close, transverse lines of growth
on the epidermis ; colour sienna-brown, more ochraceous below,
indistinctly mottled, passing into zig-zag markings on the apical
whorls, a narrow black peripheral band; spire very flat, scarcely
raised above the last whorl; suture well impressed; whorls 5,
rounded on periphery, narrowing rapidly, rather closely wound,
the last descending; aperture circular, oblique; peristome double,
fairly strong, reflected, inner lip continuous, shallowly sinuous on
the upper inner margin next the wing, this is spout-shaped,
directed upwards; columellar margin rounded; operculum not
seen.

“Maj. diam. 2°1; alt. axis 14mm.” [err. typ. read 21 x 14mm.]

Hab. India: Brahmakund, Eastern Assam (/. 7. Ogle).

‘‘T have had this species for many years; it was given me by
Mr. Ogle, collected when he was surveying in Eastern Assam.
The opportunity now occurs of bringing it to notice, with the fine
series from the contiguous Abor Country. It is interesting to
compare its form with Pterocyclos miriensis, and to note the
differences, particularly in the sculpture of the latter.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

143. Pterocyclus cetra, Benson.

Pterocyclos cetra, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 228;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 246; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 32; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i,
1860, p. 125, pl. 35, figs. 10-12 ; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863,
Pterocyelos, pl. 3, tig. 11 ; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 134, figs. 7, 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
», 38.

Pit acdelns cetra, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262; Kobelt &
Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id.,
Cat. Pnenm. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 164; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 727, pl. 105,
figs. 10-12.

Original description : — * Testa late umbilicata, orbiculato-
depressa, capillaceo-striatula, luteo-cornea, strigis radiatis, sub-
remotis, irregularibus ornata; spira planata, sutura impressa,
apice vix prominulo; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis angustis, ultimo
breviter descendente; apertura obliqua, circulari, peristomate
duplici, interior! continuo, breviter porrecto, superne breviter
emarginato, exteriori expanso, incrassato, superne lingua obtusa
vix descendente, sinu profundo ab anfractu penultimo separata,
munito; umbilico lato, non profundo, omnes anfractus exhibente,
margine subangulato. Operculo ?

“ Diam, major 13, minor 10, axis 4 mill.” ( Benson.)

102 CYCLOPHORID #®.

Hab. Burma: Moulmain, Venasserim (Theobald, Stoliczka) ;
Phaietan (Theobald).

144. Pterocyclus cingalensis, Benson.

Pterocyclos cingalensis, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xi, 1853,
105; Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i, 1854, p. 81; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 29; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 5, fig. 5; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 5; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894,

. 301.

Dice cingalensis, Nevill, Hand List, ii, 1878, p. 261; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 164; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1909, p. 7353,
pl. 106, fig. 8.

Original description: —‘* Testa late umbilicata, orbiculato-
depressa, solidula, radiato-striata, albida, superne strigis subundatis,
medio fascia castanea picta ; spira planiuscula, apice vix prominulo,
sutura profunde impressa; anfractibus 5, convexis, ultimo jente
descendente, superne alato, breviter soluto; ala prominentiam
elongatam augustam ascendentem formante, postice carina obtusa
desinente ; apertura obliqua, subcirculari; peristomate duplici,
interno porrecto, superne profunde inciso, externe incrassato,
superne dilatato, leviter deflexo; umbilico profundiusculo.
Operculo (teste E. L. Layard) pyramidali.

“ Diam. major 193, minor 16, alt. 6 mill.”

Hab. Ceylon: Monahagalla Hill (2. L. Layard).

“ Distinguished from Pt. rupestris by the length and narrowness
of the alar prominence, which ascends slightly on the penultimate
whorl, and runs parallel with it, instead of spreading semi-
circularly as in that shell. From Pt. albersi it differs not only in
size, but in the absence of the incurvated beak which is such a
prominent feature in that species. The umbilicus, equally broad
with that of Pt. rupestris, is somewhat deeper in proportion.”
(Benson.)

145. Pterocyclus comatus, Mollendorff.

Pterocyclus comatus (Beddome), G. Nevill, J. A.S. B. 1, 1881,
p-. 146 (nom. nud.).

Pterocyclus comitis (Beddome), Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 36.

Pterocyclus comitis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, tom. cit. p. 115; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 25.

Pterocyclus comatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 164;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910, p. 748, pl. 109, figs. 6-8.

Original description:——“ T. latissime umbilicata, depressa, fere dis-
coidea, solida, plicato-striatula, lutea, strigis flammulatis castaneis
regulariter picta. Spira brevissime conoidea. Anfr. 53 teretes,

PT BROCYCLUS. 103

sutura profunda subcanaliculata disjuncti, ultimus antice longi-
uscule descendens. Apert. diagonalis, circularis, peristoma duplex,
internum superne profunde excisum, externum superne in alam
tubuli instar compressam antice deflexam productum.

“ Diam. 16°33, alt. 8°66 mm.” (Mollendor ff.)

Hab. India: Anamullay Hills (Beddome).

146. Pterocyclus cumingi, Pfeiffer.

Pterocyclos cuming?, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vii, 1851, pp. 5, 136;
id., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 158; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 48;
id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus, 1852, p. 80; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 232, pl. 31, figs. 6-8 ; Adams, Gen. Ree.
Moll. ii, 1855, p. 277 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 29 ;
Reeve, Conch, Icon. xiv, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 5, fig. 14; Pfeiffer,
op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p.42; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 49, figs. 7, 8; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p- 88; Jousseaume, Mém., Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 301.

Pterocyclus cuming?, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 261; Kobelt &
Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id.,
Cat, Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 165; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 731.

Original description: —‘ Pt. testa latissime umbilicata, solida,
striatula, nitida, fulvo-lutea, strigis castaneis fulguratis, bifasciatim
latioribus et saturatioribus picta; spira plana; anfract. 5 convexi,
ultimus teres, antice juxta penultimum in prominentiam elon-
gatam, fornicatam, sulco circumscriptam tumefactus ; apertura
parum obliqua, subcircularis, intus margaritacea; perist. simplex,
album, incrassatum, reflexum, superne sulco triangulari sub-
interruptum, in linguam inflexam tenuiusculam productum.—
Operculum?

¢ Diam. maj. 32, min: 28, alt. 6 mill.” (Pfeffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Layard). Var. India: Travancore (Stoliczka}.

147. Pterocyclus cyclophoroideus, (. Nevill.
Pterocyclus cyclophoroideus, G. Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1, 1881, p. 145;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p. 118; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 165; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910,
p. 798.

Original description :—* This is a form that has hitherto been
confused with Pt. nanus, Benson, the shell is more depressed and
of thicker substance, resembling more closely Cyclophorus stenostoma,
Sowerby, both in form and colouration; it can be distinguished
at a glance by the apparently constant absence of the conspicuous
band at the periphery ; I intended, despite all the above, to have
merely separated it as a subspecies, when I noticed that all my
Anamullay specimens have a much raised, concave operculum,

104 OYCLOPHORID&.

whilst on the other hand in my single operculated specimen of
Pt. nanus it is only slightly raised, searcely concave, etc.

“ Alt. 82, diam. 16 mill.” (Mevill.)

Hab. India: Anamullay Hills (Beddome).

Fig. 17.—Pterocyclus cyclophoroideus. (X 2.)

This species has hitherto remained unfigured. The accompany-
ing illustration is from a specimen in the British Museum ;
it measures: alt. 8, major diam. 14mm. The peripheral band
is not constantly absent as Nevill surmised.

Var. subluteola, G. Nevill.

Pterocyclus cyclophoroideus, var. subluteola, G, Nevill, J. A. 8. B. 1,
1881, p. 146.

Differs from the type in being of a light yellow instead of a
darkish brown, scarcely if at all streaked or mottled.
Hab. India: Anamullay Hills (Beddome).

148. Pterocyclus feddeni, Blanford.

Pterocyclus feddeni, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 83;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 5, fig. 9 ; 1875, pl. 134,
fig. 1; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 58; G. Nevill,
J. A. S. B. xlvi, 1877, p. 29 ;-id.; Hand Bist, 1, 1878) p. 262);
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1878, p. 538; G. Nevill, in
Anderson, Zool. Res. Exp. W. Yunnan, 1879, p. 890; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak, Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id.,
Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 166; 1d., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1809, p. 784, pl. 106,
fig. 9.

Original description :—‘ Shell widely umbilicated, convexly
depressed,smooth, finely striated,rather thin, elegantly marked with
alternating transverse zig-zag stripes of white and chestnut, and
with a moderately broad submedian band of darker colour;
spire nearly flat; apex but very slighty protruded ; suture
deep. Whorls 43, convex; the last rounded, descending towards

ee PE

PLEROCYCLUS. 105

the mouth. Aperture circular, slightly oblique ; peristome double ;
the two portions separated by a shallow groove, the inner cut away
into a moderate sinus above, and the outer turned up into a small
vertical wing, free from the penultimate whorl. Operculum
concave within, the centre flat; flatly. concave without, with
lamellar free edges to the whorls, thickest at the circumference.

mm. inch.

HPWIEN (opener EIS ee IR Gerke iid) 0-44

Mim ore Gibbon eysrocte sere 9 0:36
7:1 1-0 feng Wee tye eee ) 0.2” (Blanford.)

Hab. Burma: Thyet Myo, Pegu (Blanford); Bhamo and
Trawaddy Bank (Anderson).

149. Pterocyclus insignis, Z’heobald.

Pterocyclos insignis, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxxiv, part 2, 1865,
p- 278; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 5, figs. 6, 7 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1878, p. 585.

| Plerocyclus insignis, G. Nevill, J.A.S.B. xlvi, 1877, p. 29; id.,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 261; id., in Anderson, Zool. Res.
ikxp. W. Yunnan, 1879, p. 889; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 166; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 724, pl. 104, figs. 9, 10.

Original description :—* Forma typica. Testa albida, epidermide
flavescente sive castanea, decidua vestita, castaneo-fasciata. Peris-
tomate duplici, antice valde expanso. Operculo intus concavo,
extra planiusculo, margine valde’ radiate hirsuto.—Lat. 1:2U;
lat. oris intus 0°65.” (Zheobald.) [31x 25x 14 mm.]

Hab. India: Shan States (Blanford).

Var. planorbioides, G. Nevill.

Pterocyclus insignis, var. planorbioides, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p: 261; Kobelt & Mdllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi,
1899, p. 185; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 102.

Original description :— The spire is actually sunken in this
remarkable Planorbis-like form; the last whorl is more com-
pressed ; the aperture smaller; and the umbilicus more open and
shallow than in the type form. ‘The excavated suture is common
to both.” (WVevill.)

Hab. Burma: Kakhyen Hills (Anderson).

150. Pterocyclus magnus, Godwin-Austen.

Pterocyclos magnus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p- 174, pl. 7, fig. 3.

Pterocyclus magnus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 261; Kobelt &
Mollendortt, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 113; id.,

106 CYCLOPHORID#®.

Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 25; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 166; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910, p. 758, pl. 112,
figs. 3, 4.

Original description :—* This shell is similar in form to P. parvus,
enly that the winged portion of the peristome is far more fully
developed and folded round into a perfect, largely developed tube
with its internal orifice just within the aperture, the inner lip
being deeply notched to give room for it. The shell is ornamented
with a single black peripheral band and with minute transverse
brown zig-zag markings. Apex very flat. Whorls 5, rounded.

“The largest example measures—alt. 0°26 [6 mm.], major
diam. 0°95 [24 mm.j, minor diam. 0°75 [19 mm.}, apertural tube
0°20 inch [5 mm. ].” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Dafla Hills, Naga Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen),

The following additional details are given by Nevill, who con-
sidered it doubtfully more than a well-defined variety of P. parvus.
The compressed last whorl, which is semi-detached at the pro-
portionately smaller aperture, the more open umbilicus and the
different character of the “tube” distinguish this form from the
large variety of P. parvus.

Pterocyclus magnus, var.

Pterocyclos magnus, var., Godwin-Austen, Rec, Ind. Mus. vii,
1915, p. 500.

“A single specimen, with peristome not quite perfect and
surface in poor condition, was sent me by officers of the Survey
with the Miri Mission, It comes nearest to the above Dafla Hill
shell in general form, the markings differ considerably. Major
diameter 24°75. It should be looked for again.” (Godwin-Austen.)

151. Pterocyclus marion, Preston.

Pterocyclus marione, Preston, Proe. Malac. Soc. xi, 1914, p. 22,
text-fig.

Original description:— Shell somewhat orbicular, moderately
depressed, covered with a thin, laminiferous, reddish-brown
periostracum; whorls 43, regularly increasing, the last very
obtusely angled at the periphery, and possessing a short, but
rather broad, wing-like development just behind the labrum ;
suture very deeply impressed; umbilicus wide, deep; labrum
reflexed, white, laminiferous, continuous but for a slight break
below the wing-like projection; aperture circular; operculum
corneous, convex above, with central nucleus, bearing several
raised, more or less foliaceous lamine, which are especially strong
towards the outer margin, below concave, polished, shining.
Alt. 8, diam. maj. 20, min. 15mm. Aperture: alt. 7, diam. 7 mm.”
(Preston. )

Hab. India: Naga Hills.

PrnROCYCLUS. 107

152. Pterocyclus miriensis, Godwin- Austen.

Pterocyclos miriensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 498, pl. 39, fig. 2.

** Shell depressedly discoid, very widely umbilicated. Sculpture
very strong, regular spiral lire, above and below. Colour rich
burnt sienna brown. Spire very flatly conic. Suture well im-
pressed. Whorls 5, subangularly rounded on the periphery.
Aperture circular, subvertical, just shows above the last whorl.
Peristome double, not thickened, slightly reflected, inner lip thin,
continuous, the outer expanded into a wing, openly spout-shaped.
Columellar margin well rounded.

« Major diam. 30°0; alt. axis 8:0 mm.” = (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Miri Hills.

153. Pterocyclus nanus, Benson.

Pterocyclos nanus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 450;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 47; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
stomaceen, 1854, p. 388, p. 388, pl. 49, figs. 31-33; Adams,
Gen, Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 277; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863,
Pterocyclos, pl. 3, fig. 12; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxv, 1866,
pp. 38 & 40; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 49,
tigs. 5,6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 5

Pter rocyclus nanus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262; id., ‘i ‘A.S.B.
1, 1881, p. 146; Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. XXX, 1897, p. 114 (manus, err. typ.) ; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 26 (manus, err. typ.) ; id., Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
Xxxi, 1899, p. 185; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 102; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 167 ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
ii, 1909, p. 780.

Original description :—* Testa profunde perspective umbilicata,
depressa, discoidea, albida, fascia media strigisque undulatis
castaneis superne ornata; spira prominula, saturatiore; anfractibus
43} convexis, ultimo supra soluto; apertura obliqua, circulari ;
peristomate duplicata, marginibus sulco leviter impresso Vix
discretis, interno superne ‘profunde recteque inciso, externo
reflexiusculo, supra sinum alam angustam fornicatam, antice
breviter descendentem, angulatam, for make!

* Diam. major 10, minor 8, alt. 5 mill.”

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon); Anamullay (Beddome); Southern
India (Stoliczka) ; °? Salem (Nevill).

‘*‘ Possessing a similar deep umbilicus, narrower than in the
other known species, it was overlooked as a young and imperfect
specimen. On examination it proves to have arrived at its full
growth, being allied in the characters of the aperture to Pt. rupesiris,
nobis, but differing from the smallest varieties of that shell not
only in size and in the form of the umbilicus, but also in the less
curvature of the incision under the wing, which is moreover less
expanded, and does not touch nor cover any part of the preceding
whorl. The operculum is unknown.” (Benson.)

108 CYCLOPHORID &.

Var. applanata, G. Nevill.

Pterocyclus nanus, var. applanata,G. Nevill, J. A.S.B. 1, 1881, p. 146;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 167.

Differs from the type in being rather more richly painted, with
more flattened spire, more slowly increasing whorls, and slightly
more open umbilicus.

Diam. 13°75, alt. 7 mm.

Hab. India: Southern India (Stoliczka); ? Salem (Nevill).

Var. reflexilabris, G. Nevill.
Pterocyelus nanus, var. reflexilabris (? distinct species), G. Nevill,
J. A.S. B. 1, 1881, p. 146; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 167.
Pterocyclus nanus reflexilabris, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
11, 1910, p. 754.

‘“A white apparently colourless form, with black apex and
easily distinguished from the preceding [nanus], as well as Peer.
cyclophoroideus, by the fragile, broadly reflected and duplex peris-
tome, rather differently shaped too above; the operculum, in my
single specimen, agrees with what I take to be the typical form ;
it is very little raised or concave.... Mr. Blanford also
possesses two specimens.” (JVevill.)

Hab. India: Khoondah Hills cs te); Nilgiri Hills (Blanford).

154. Pterocyclus parvus, Pearson.

See parvum, Pearson, J, A.8. B. ii, 1833, p. 592, pl. 20,
fig.

aE stereos Boon J.A.S. B. v, 1836, p. 357 ; id.. A.M.N.H.
ser. 2, i, 1848, p. 346; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vill, 1851, pp. 5,
136; id., Mon, Pneum. 1852, p. "48: id., Cat. Phaneropn. ae
Mus. 1852, p. 30; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 235,
pl. 31, figs. 12— 14; ‘Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855, joy ML
Reeve, Conch. Icon. XIV, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 3, fig. 15 ; Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 142, figs. 7, ‘10; Godwin-
Austen, J. A.S.B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 174; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, p. 38; Tapparone-Canefri, Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 309.

Pterocyclus parvus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 260; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 167 ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1909, p. 730.

Original description :—* Shell white, subdiaphanous, zoned with
a dark brown line along the circumference of the whorl, striated
above with brown zig-zag strie, and less distinctly so below.
Shelly spiracle or breathing tube situated near to the mouth.
Mouth perfectly circular; lip thickened and reflected, umbilicus
largely dilated, upper surface plano-convex, almost flat. Diameter
3 of aninch. [14x11'5x5mm.]

PLHROCYCLUS. 109

“Operculum unknown, supposed to resemble that of S. hispidum.

“‘Epidermis dark brown.” (Pearson.)

Hab. India: Shengorh, Tanir Ridge, and Toruputu, Khasi
Hills (Godwin-Austen) ; Tezpur (Stoliczka); Naga Hills (Oldham).

Var. assamensis, Hanley 5° Theobald,

Pterocyclos arakanensis, Blanford, J, A. 8. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98
(nom. nud.).
Pterocyclus parvus, var. arakanensts, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
aoe
Pibrcyelis parvus, var. aracanensis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
. 26.
Uae as parvus, var, assamensis, Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, p. 56, pl. 5, fig. 3.
Pterocyclus parvus, var. assamensis, Kobelt & Miollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 26.

Larger than the type, measuring 19 mm. in diameter and much
paler in colour with the zig-zag markings narrower and more
crowded.

Hab. India: Khasi Hills (Theobald); Akyab (Blanford);
Chittagong (Raban),.

Nevill also mentions a var. major, from the Khasi Hills, which
is probably identical with the present variety.

155. Pterocyclus pseudocumingi, Mollendorff.

Pterocyclus cumingi, var., Nevill, Hand List, i, 1876, p. 261.

Pterocyclus pseudocuming? (Nevill MSS.), Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 86; Kobelt & Millendorff, tom. cit.
p- 114: id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 168; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910,
p- 746, pl. 108, figs. 13-15.

Original description :—‘T. latissime umbilicata, discoidea,
solidula, subtiliter striatula, pallide lutea, strigis flammulatis
castaneis et tenia peripherica alba, altera castanea infra illam
picta. Spira vix prominula. Anfr. 53 teretes, sutura profunda
impressa disjuncti, ultimus paullum descendens. Apert. modice
obliqua, circularis, peristoma duplex, internum superne valde
excisum, externum in alam magnam anfractui penultimo adnatam
productum. Operculum intus profunde excavatum, extus lamella
subtestacea anfr. 7 floris instar convergentibus indutum.

“Diam. 14°25, alt.5 mm.” (Mollendorff.)

Hab. India: Travancore (Stoliczka),

156. Pterocyclus pullatus, Benson.
Pterocyclos pullatus, Benson, A.M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 227 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 246; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 31; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i,

110 CYCLOPHORID A.

1860, p. 124, pl. 35, figs. 5-9; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863,
Pterocyclos, pl. 3, fig. 16; Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxiv, 1865,
p- 97; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1875, pl. 154, figs. 2-4 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 88.

Pterocyclus pullatus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p 262; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26; Kobeli, Das Tierriech, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 168; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1909, p. 728,
pl. 105, figs. 13-15.

Original description :— ‘‘Testa aperte umbilicata, convexo-
depressa, confertim radiato-striatula, nigrescente - castanea,
superne strigis luteo-albidis, fulguratis, fasciaque saturata ornata ;
spira convexa, sutura profunda, apice prominulo ; anfractibus 43
convexis, ultimo longe descendente, subtus convexo; apertura vix
obliqua, circulari; peristomate duplici, interiori breviter porrecto,
superne sinu mediocri latiusculo, interrupto, exteriori vix
expansiusculo, superve alam subrevolutam semicucullatam, antice
breviter descendentem obtusam, ab anfractu penultimo distantem
efformante; umbilico mediocri, profundo perspectivo. Operculo
intus concavo, extus concaviusculo, scabro; anfractuum marginibus
elevatis; margine laterali lato, lamellis acutis spiralibus munito.

“ Diam. major 13, minor 113, axis 6 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Akoutong (Zheobald, Blanford).

157. Pterocyclus rupestris, Benson.

Pterocyclos rupestris, Benson, J. A. 8. B. 1, 1832, p. 18, pl. 2, fig. 1
(not pl. 1, fig. 2) ;id., op. cit. v, 1836, p. 356; id., A.M.N.H.
ser. 2, i, 1848, p. 346; Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850,
p. 12; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. vili, 1851, pp. 4, 136; id., Cat.
Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 29; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 46 ;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1855, p. 251, pl. 31, figs. 3-65,
9-11; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 277, pl. 85, fig. 3;
Reeve, Conch. Icon, xiv, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 2, fig.8; Blanford,
J. A.S. B. xxxv, 1866, p. 88; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 5, fig. 8; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pheum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 53;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 301.

Spiraculum rupestris, Pearson, J. A: S. B. 11, 1888, p. 592.

Pterocyclus rupestris, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 260; Cooke,
Cambr. Nat. Hist. ii, 1895, p. 266, fig. 1804; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 169; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoride, ii, 1909, p. 786, pl. 106,
tig. 10.

Steganotoma picta, Troschel, Arch, Naturg. ili, part 1, 1837,
p. 165, pl. 3, figs. 12, 13 (shell) ; figs. a, 6, ¢ (operculum).

Steganotoma pictum, Philippi, Abbild. Conch. i, part 5, 1844,
p- 105, Cyclostoma, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Pterocyclos pictus, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849,
p. 194, pl. 24, figs. 21 23 (shell); figs. 24, 25 (operculum) ; Gray,
Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus, 1850, p. 12.

Original description :—* Shell sub-diaphanous, whitish, closely
striated across the whorls, marked above and below with angular

PTEROCYCLUS, il

chestnut lines running across the whorls, and with a band of the
same colour on the centre of the last whorl, purplish-brown
towards the apex.

* Var. 1. The same without the medial line.

“Var. 2. Ditto without the angular markings underneath,

“Var. 3. The whole shell horn-coloured.” (Benson.)

Diam. maj. 22, min. 19, alt. 8 mm.

Hab. India: Rajmahal Range (Stoliczka) ; Pareshnath (aban) ;
Ganjam (Ball).

Var. puriensis, Vevill.

Pterocyclus rupestris, var. puriensis, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 260; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix,
1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 169.

* A dwarf form with raised spire.” ( Nevill.)
Hab. India: Puri (Raban) ; Chandbally (Vevil?).

158. Pterocyclus spiramentum, Godwin-Austen.

Pterocyclos spiramentum, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus, viii, 1915,
p. 499, pl. 40, fig. 4.

“Shell openly umbilicated, depressedly orbiculate, somewhat
globose. Sculpture, only fine epidermal lines of growth. Colour
dark sienna-brown, crossed by dark bands, running from the suture
to the narrow black periphery band. Spire slightly raised, very
depressedly conoid. Suture deep. Whorls 4, the last rapidly
increasing. Aperture circular, subvertical. Peristome slightly
reflected, not much thickened, the outer lip is expanded near the
suture, with sides turned in forming a spout-like projection.
Close behind this and adjacent to the suture is an apparent tube,
but it is rather of gutter form, semicircular in section, and is
given off from a cleft on the columellar side just within the aper-
ture, which is not an orifice—if it were so the gutter would be a
true tube and the shell a Spiraculum. It illustrates how the
sutural tube in that genus has originated. This species is on the
borderland of the two genera Pterocyclos and Spiraculum. It must
be put in Pterocyclos, because the tube is close to the aperture,
almost a part of the peristome. In Spiraculum the tube is
remote from the aperture. Operculum concave in centre, multi-
spiral, suture not raised.

“ Major diam. 15-0; alt. axis 4:75 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes).
159. Pterocyclus troscheli, Benson.
Pterocyclos troscheli, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851,

p. 196, pl. 5, fig. 2: Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 136 ; id.,
Cat, Phaneropn. Brit. Mus, 1852, p. 27; id,, Mon, Pneum.

IU) CYCLOPHORID A,

1852, p. 44 ; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 277; H. Nevill,
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Jousseaume, Mém. Soe. Zool.
France, vii, 1894, p. 302.

Cyclophorus (Myxostoma) troscheli, Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2,
1860, p. 487, fig. 3595.

Pterocyclus cuming?. var. troscheli, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 261.

Pterocyclus troscheli, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26, p. 102;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 170: id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910, p. 749, pl. 109, figs. 13, 14.

Original description :—* Testa latissime umbilicata, orbiculato-
depressa; anfractibus 4 lente accrescentibus, ultimo antice
subdilatato; apertura circulari, peristomate incrassato, reflexo,
superne antice obsolete sinuato, ala cucullata, antice angulata,
deflexa, anfractul penultimo adherente; umbilico latissimo,
Operculo convexo, corneo.

“ Diam. major 20, minor 18 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Ceylon: Trincomalee (Bland).

Genus PEARSONIA, Kobclt.

Spiraculum (part.), Pearson, J. A.S. B. ii, 1833, p. 590; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 278 (as subgenus of Pterocyclos) ;
Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxii, 1863, p. 319; id., A.M.N. H. ser. 3,
xii, 1863, p. 55 (animal); xiii, 1864, p. 451; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum,
Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 47; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 745 (as
subgenus); Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges,
xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.

Pearsonia, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 171.

Tren, Spiraculum hispidum, Pearson.

Range. India and Farther India.

Shell depressed, sub-discoidal, covered with a thick periostracum,
sometimes hairy; aperture circular ; last whor! furnished, a short
distance behind the aperture, with a short reverted sutural tube,
open at both ends. Operculum multispiral, the edges of the
whorls projecting.

Subgenus PEARSONIA, s. str.

Spiraculum, s. str., Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (subgenus), Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 171.
Tyrer, S. hispidum, Pearson.
Range. India and Farther India.
Shell as in the genus; basal margin of peristome without
process.

160. Pearsonia andersoni, Blanford.

Spiraculum andersoni, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1869, p. 447;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 49; Theobald, Cat.

PEARSONIA,. 113

Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38 ; Nevill, J. A. S. B. xlvi,1877,p. 28;
id., in Anderson, Zool. Res. Exp. W. Yunnan, i. 1879, p. 889.
Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) andersoni, Hanley & Theobald, Conch.

Ind. 1870, pl. 49, figs. 3, 4.
Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) andersoni, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 264.

Suraculum (s. str.) anderson, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) andersoni, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 172.
Pearsonia andersoni, Kcbelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,
p- 766, pl. 112, figs. 10, 11.

Original description :— Testa late umbilicata, depressa, dis-
coidea, oblique striata, lineis elevatis minutis spiralibus superne et
presertim juxta peripheriam, sed non circa umbilicum, confer-
tissime decussata, albide, strigis castaneis fulguratis radiantibus
pieta. Spira plana, apice vel plano vel vix exsertiusculo, sutura
profunda. Anfr. 43, teretes, ultimus versus aperturam longe
descendens, 5-6 mill. pone peristoma tubulo suturali reverso
parvo, arcuatim recurvato vel subrecto et libero, 2-3 mm. longo
munitus. Apertura diagonalis rotunda; peristoma continuum,
duplex, internum expansiusculum undique appressum, postice
juxta anfractum penultimum profunde angulatim sinuatum,
externum expansum, supra sinum dilatatum, juxta anfractum
penultimum instar cuculli plani porrectum. Opere. persimile ei
Sp. hispidi, corneum, intus concavum, extus convexum, marginibus
anfractuum, presertim externorum, lamellatim liberis, apice
planiusculo.

“ Diam. maj. 154-17, min. 12-133, axis 5-6, apert. diam. intus
5mm." (Blanford.)

Hab. Burma: Bhamo and right bank of Irrawaddy (Anderson).

‘Distinguished from Sp. avanum, W. Blanf., by its more
oblique mouth, differently shaped and more expanded peristome,
by the horizontal cowl-shaped projection running forwards along
the last whorl instead of being vertical, the greater distance of the
sutural tube from the mouth, and the much more conyex oper-

eulum.” (Blanford.)

161. Pearsonia assamensis, /ulion.

Sprraculum assamense, Fulton, Nautilus, xiv, 1900, p. 87.

Original description :—* Shell discoidal, flat above, very broadly
umbilicated, dark brown with a few oblique stripes of a lighter
color, encircled by four rows of hairs arranged in tufts, one being
at the periphery, one above, and two below, the latter two are
often worn off in older specimens; whorls 43, slightly convex
above, last rounded ; tube erect, short, inclined towards the apex,
situated 2 mm. from the margin of the aperture ; peristome white,
somewhat thickened, bordered by a narrow flange; aperture
oblique, circular; operculum shelly, whorls 5.

114 CYCLOPHORID®.

“ Diam. maj. 14 mm., min. 12 mm., alt. 5 mm.” (Fulton.)
Hab India: Khasi Hills, Assam.

fy RAS

Fig. 18.—Pearsonia assamensis. (X 2.)

“In most respects this species is very like nagaense, Aust. &
Bedd., but can be easily separated by the position of the breathing
tube, which in assamense is much nearer the aperture. The
operculum of nagaense does not appear to have so many whorls
as our species, a large part of the central portion being quite flat
and smooth. These characters appear to be constant in the
numerous specimens I have examined of both species.” ( Fulton.)

The accompanying illustration is from the type in the British
Museum.

162. Pearsonia avana, Blanford.

Spiraculum avanum, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxii, 1863, p. 319;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Nevill, J.A.S. B.
xlvi, 1877, p. 28; id.,in Anderson, Zool. Res. Exp. W. Yunnan,i,
1879, p. 889.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) avanus, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 134, figs. 8, 9.
Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) avanus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
. 264, ;
Saielum (s. str.) avanum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) avana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
an72:
ae avana, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1918,
p- 971.

Original description :—‘ Shell convexly depressed, widely um-
bilicated, marked with radiating striz and covered (in young
specimens) with a thick scabrous epidermis; colour white, with
broad zig-zag chestnut stripes crossing the whorls, and a wide sub-
median band of the same colour surrounding the shell. Spire
scarcely raised, suture deep. Whorls 44, rounded ; the last cylin-
drical, descending slightly and gradually towards the mouth, and

PEARSONIA, ts)

bearing, 3mm. behind the aperture, a short reverted sutural tube
curved into an arch, so that its posterior termination is close to
the suture, and open at both ends. Aperture slightly oblique,
circular. Peristome (in well-grown specimens) double, the inner
lip continuous and slightly protruded, angulately incised at the

Fig. 19.—Pearsonia avana.

suture. Outer lip expanded and produced, close to the last whorl,
into a small vertical tongue-shaped projection. Operculum multi-
spiral, almost flat, with a central prominent nucleus within,
slichtly coneave externally, the edges of the outer whorls being
free and slightly raised.

mm. inch,

S Wajormiameter fescue 0 ei 0-68

MittorsavttOns ccc: aso a Giscks.: 14 0-56

AULGIEO MOL fn. ee cactus < hot 8 0°34
Diameter of aperture ...... 53 0°25” ( Blanford.)

Hab. India: Shan Hills, east of the town of Ava,

This species has hitherto remained unfigured. The accompany-
ing illustration is from a specimen in the general collection of the
British Museum.

163. Pearsonia beddomei, Blanford.

Spiraculum beddomei, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxv, 1866, p. 31; id.,
op. cit. xxxvili, 1869, p. 187 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 48; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) beddomet, Hanley & Theobald, Conch,
Ind. 1875, pl. 154, figs. 5, 6.

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) beddomet, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p, 264.

Geta (s. str.) beddome?t, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) beddomei, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 172.

Pearsonia beddomei, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,

p. 767, pl. 112, figs. 14-18.

Original description :—“ Shell very broadly umbilicated, de-
pressed, sub-discoidal, smooth, (?)solid, white with transverse
chestnut zig-zag stripes. Spire flat or subconvex, suture deep.
Whorls 5, rounded, the last cylindrical, descending gradually
towards the aperture, and furnished, 7-10 millimetres behind the
peristome, with a short open sutural tube, Pecos forwards

Iz

116 CYCLOPHORID 4.

and upwards, not touching the penultimate whorl. Aperture
diagonal, circular, peristome double, both lips continuous, the
inner slightly expanded, curved back into a shallow angular sinus at
the suture, the outer expanded, and inverted upon the upper and
dextral margins, rising near the suture into a compressed wing,
which is attached throughout on the left side to the penultimate
whorl. Opereulum horny, concave within, convex without,
flattened near the centre, 2 or 3 outer whorls furnished with a
free spiral testaceous lamelliform border.

mm. inches.

‘¢ Major diameter ..... dpa afievetevaness Qn ales
Mimordititonet ar erat tasctees oie be 23, 92
Heights isc) Behe uckas lant Bee 10) 4:

Interior diameter of aperture... 8 32” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Kimety Hills, near Vizagapatam, Madras Presidency
(Beddome) ; Ganjam, Orissa (Ball).

“The wing of Sp. beddomei is much more distinct, higher and
more pterocycloid than that of Sp. hispidum; the inner peristome
(which is deficient in the last-named species) is angularly sinuate
beneath the wing, but there is no approach to the deep, sub-
circular opening of the Indian species of Pterocyclos. . . .

“The operculum has even more resemblance to that of Ptero-
cyclos tenuilabratus, Metcalfe, than that of Sp. hispidum.”
(Blanford.)

164, Pearsonia bhamoensis, 7heobaldd.

Spiraculum bhamoense, Theobald, J.A.S. B, xlv, part 2, 1876
p. 186. : ; ;

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) bhamoensis, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
Diveoes : Ws

Pearsonia (Pearsonia) bhamoensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 1738.

Pear sonia bhamoensis, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1913,
p. 972.

~

Original description: —“ Testa depressa, aperto - umbilicata,
Apice elevatiusculo, sutura profunda, anfract. 45 convexis, ultimo
juxta aperturam parum descendente. Hpidermide tenui, leviter
striata, vix scabriuscula. Colore corneo-albescente, fascia mediana
cincto, strigisque castaneis fulguratis picto, superioribus latis,
inferioribus autem (sive subfascialibus) angustis. Aliquando
unicolore, corneo-straminea. Apertura obliqua magna. Peristo-
mate duplici, intus ad suturam angulato-inciso; extra alam
linguiformem subtubularem horizontalem adnatam formante.
Tubulo suturali recurvato ab apertura 3 mm. distante.

“Diam. max. 11:00, diam. min. 8°50, alt. 5°50 (-oris diam.),
apertura 5°20 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Bhamo.

“The nearest ally of this interesting form is S. avanum, W. Bl.,
which it approaches in the recurved form of its sutural tube, but

PHARSONIA. EL

it differs in size and mode of coloration. In S. avanum, too,
the linguiform projection of the peristome is vertical, not as in the
present species horizontal. The coloration, too, is peculiar, the

Fig. 20.—Pearsonia bhamoensis.

fulgurate stripes above the peripheral band being much more
open or more obtusely bent than in the narrow or more acutely
angled bands below it.” (T’heobald.)

The specimen now figured is the type in the British Museum,
received from Theobald. The species has hitherto remained
unfigured.

165. Pearsonia bitubifera, Zheobald.
Spiraculum bitubiferum, Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,

p. 187.
Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) bitubiferus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 264,

Pearsonia (Pearsonia) bitubifera, Kobelt, Das Tierriech, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 173.

Pearsonia tranvancorica bitubifera, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
phoridae, ii, 1913, p. 973.

Original description :— Testa depressa, late umbilicata, apice
depresso, sutura profunda, anfract. 5 convexis, ultimo prope
tubulum paullo ascendente, inde deseendente. Hpidermide
scabriuscula spiraliter striata; colore albido, transverse v1x
subfulgurate castaneo strigato. Perist. simplici, expansiusculo,
recurvato, prope suturam alam formante, tubulo brevissimo sursum
spectante instructo. Tubulo suturali recurvato ab apertura 8 mm.
distante. Apertura obliqua.

“Diam. max. (peristomate incluso) 18°30, diam. min. 14:00,
alt. 7:00, apert. 7°30 mm.” (Theobald.)

Hab. Burma: Bhamo.

Fig. 21.—Pearsonia bitubifera.

«This remarkable species differs from most others in possessing
a distinct tubular wing at the mouth which somewhat recalls the
same feature in Pt. albersi, only the tube is more free and open.

118 CYCLOPHORIDA.

The only other species possessing a second tube is S. masterst,
figured in the Conch. Indica, pl. v, fig. 1, but uot described.
In that species, however, the last whorl towards the mouth 1s
free and the peristomial tube less complete though longer than in
the present form.” (Theobald.)

Nevill considered this form to be a mere variety of P. gordont.

This is another species which has not previously been illustrated.
The accompanying figures are from a specimen in the British
Museum. Its measurements are: Diam. maj. 18-5, min. 16, alt.
6°75 mim.

166. Pearsonia hispida, Pearson.

Spiraculum hispidum, Pearson, J. A. 8. B. ii, 1853, p. 592; Blanford,
J.A.S. B. xxxii, 1863, p. 320; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 47; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38;
Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 175, pl. 7, fig. 4
(sutural tube).

Pterocyclos hispidus, Benson, J. A.S. B. vy, 1836, p. 355; id.,
A.M. N. H. ser. 2, i, 1848, p. 346; Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit.
Mus. 1850, p. 12; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, pp. 8, 186;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 46; Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvii, 1858,
p. 817; Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 28;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 251; Chenu, Man.
Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 486, figs. 3588, 3589 ; Reeve, Conch.
Icon. xiv, 1863, Pterocyclos, pl. 5, fig. 26.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) hispidus, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii,
1855, p. 278; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1870, pl. 5, fig. 4.

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) hispidus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 265.

Saal (s. str.) hispidum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) hispida, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 178.

Pearsonia hispida, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,
p. 765, pl. 111, figs. 1-3.

Cyclostoma sptraculum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1848, p. 110,
pl. 31, figs. 270-272.

Steyanotoma princepsi (vy. d. Busch), Philippi, Abbild. Conch. 1,
1844, p. 106, Cyclostoma, pl. 1, fig. 6.

Pterocyclos princepsi, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. 1850, p. 12.

Pterocyclos princepi, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 111; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 195, pl. 24, figs. 7-10.

Original description :—“ Shell white, subdiaphanous, upper sur-
face of the body-whorl slighty patched with rufous. Epidermis
dark brown, covered with short, bristly hairs, which at the outer
and under side of the whorl are placed thickiy together, giving an
appearance to the shell of its being zoned with three narrow dark
lines; whorls five, breathing tube one line in length, conical,
compressed, pointing backward and inward; mouth circular, lip
thickened and reflected.

‘“‘ Diameter | ineh.

PEARSONIA, 119

‘‘Operculum corneous, formed of several spiral layers, deeply
cupped at the outer surface, and plano-convex at the inner.”
( Pearson.)

(No locality given.)

Hab, India: Patharghata, in Behar (Benson); Teria Ghat
(Theobald).

Col. Godwin-Austen mentions a var. minor,* from Dihiri,

Parbat, Dafla Hills, which agrees with the specimens fron Teria
Ghat.

167. Pearsonia kempi, Godwin-Austen.

Spiraculum kempt, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 496, pl. 39, figs. 4, 5.

“Shell flatly discoid, widely umbilicated. Sculpture close,
epidermal lines of transverse growth both above and below,
conspicuous close spiral lire with every 2nd and 3rd somew hat
stronger—in the type 2nd much more conspicuous on the central
line of the last whor], producing an angulate upper surface. Colour
rich umber-brown, very indistinct transverse colouring, and a
broad peripheral band. Spire very low, only just raised above the
last whorl. Suture deeply impressed; the sutural tube is 9 mm.
behind the peristome, extremely short, and does not appear to
grow longer, it is of small diameter. Whorls 5, rounded on
periphery. Aperture circular. Peristome white, thickened,
double, reflected, the outer lip forming a low ridge behind the
expanded inner lip, thus forming the short open descending
wing. Columellar margin rounded. Operculum roundly convex,
the whorl in double filaments distinctly raised, close aud smooth
at centre.

‘Major diam. 26:5; alt. axis 7 mm. (Largest 30-0 Ponging.)”
(Godwin-Austen. )

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes).

“This is very close to the next species [Sp. planum] found by
Mr. Kemp, but which in a few minor characters differs too much
to be considered the same ; unfortunately there are only two very
old bleached specimens of it.” (Godwin-Austen. )

168. Pearsonia luyorensis, Godwin-Austen.

?Speraculum luyorensis, Godwin-Austen, Ree. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 500, pl. 40, fig. 5.

‘Shell openly umbilicated, orbiculate, very depressed. Sculp-
ture, a smooth epidermis, lines of growth very fine and close.
Colour a very rich dark madder-brown, broad dark bands close set,
cross the third whorl transversely. There is a narrow peripheral
band. Spire very low, apex just showing above the plane of the

* J,A.S, B, xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 174.

120 CYCLOPHORTD &.

last whorl. Suture impressed, the sutural tube close behind the
aperture, 3 mm. distant, 3 mm. in length and curving backwards.
Whorls 4, the last expanding rapidly. Aperture circular, sub-
vertical. Peristome double, not very thickened, slightly reflected,
at the suture, the outer lip is extended forw: ard into a long spout
resting on the periphery.

“Major diam. 18°75; alt. axis 48 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Luyor, Abor Hills (Oakes).

«This is close to Pterocyclos spiramentum, but is distinct in its
much flatter apex, and far wider umbilicus. The peristome pre-
sents a stage further towards, and has reached the development
of Spiraculum, rendering it a more than usually interesting
species.” (Glodwin-Austen.)

169. Pearsonia mastersi, Hanley §° Theobald.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) masterst (Blanford MS.), Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 3, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Pterocyclos mastersi, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 386.

Spiraculum masterst, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xlvi, 1877, p. 314;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 58.

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) masters, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 265.

Sr acasLe (s. str.) mastersi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) masterst, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16,

1902, p. 114.
Pearsonia mastersi, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,
p- 769, pl. 118, fig. 9.

“Testa latissime umbilicata, depressa, epidermide crassiuseula,
fusca, scabra, decussato-subcostulata induta, atque liris tribus
pilosis, una juxta peripheriam, altera supra, tertia infra, circum-
data; sub epidermide alba, fasclis angulatis transversis castaneis
notata; lineis incrementi confertis lirisque spiralibus minutis
magis distantibus decussatim ornata. Spira fere plana, apice vix
emersa. Anfr. 5, rotundati, ultimus antice longe solutus, valde
descendens, paulo ante solutionem tubulo brevi, curvato, pervio,
longitudinaliter striato, ad anfr. penultimum excurrente, antice
compresso, in rimam apertam intra anfractum ultimum desinente,
postice tereti, extus patente, 6-8 mill. pone aperturam or! iente,
munitus. Apertura diagonalis, cit'cularis; peristoma incrassato-
expansum, subduplex, superne in rostrum ’subtubuliforme, antice
porrectum, excurrens. Operculum corneum, intus concavum, extus
convexum, marginibus anfractuum liberis lamelliferis.”

“Diam. maj. peristomate incluso 24, min. 163, alt. 5, ap. diam.
intus 6 mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Golaghat, Naga Hills (Masters).

«This shell differs from all other known forms of Spiraculum by
having the last whorl free and descending for a considerable
distance, and by having, besides the sutural tul be, a projection,

PRARSONIA. qe

frequently of a subtubular form, from the top of the peristome.
The shell has some resemblance to Ehiostoma, and still more to
Opisthoporus birostris.” (Blanford.)

170. Pearsonia minima, Godwin-Austen.

Spiraculum mininum, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 501, pl. 40, fig. 2. _

“ Shell orbiculate, depressed, widely umbilicated. Sculpture,
fine transverse lines of growth on the epidermis. Colour dull
ochraceous, with a green tinge, 3rd and last whorls crossed by
irregular broadish brown bands, indication of a band just below
the periphery. Spire depressed, but apex well above last whorl.
Suture impressed, the tube short, close behind the aperture, only
2 mm. distant. Whorls 4, regularly increasing. Aperture
circular, with very slight angulation at sutural margin. Peristome
double, both inner and outer lips continuous, moderately thickened
and slightly reflected.

“Major diam. 9°2; alt. axis 3°25 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Jeku, Abor Hills (J. Coggin Brown).

“Lt. G. F. T. Oakes, R.E., has sent me seven examples of this
species from Sibbum, far finer in size; four are bleached. The
largest measures 10 mm. in major diameter. Three are perfect
with strong epidermis. Colour sienna-brown in tint with ochra-
ceous mottling, with an indistinct peripheral band. Major diam.
11:5 mm.

“This is a close ally of Spiraculum kempi, but the closely
mottled zig-zag pattern and black peripheral band is not seen in
that species ; in this respect it is similar to Spiraculum nevilli of
the Dafla Hills; it is smaller and rather flatter than that shell.

“Tt is hardly possible to find better examples showing the deve-
lopment of the sutural tube in Spiraculum than in the species
figured on plate xl. Although it is not from the Tsanspu Valley
but from the source of the Irrawady, Spiraculum putavensis has been
introduced in order to show how close is the relationship and how
beautiful evolutionary stages have been. In having a tube on
the suture behind the peristome and a simple peristome, both
belong to the genus Spiraculum. In figures 2 ¢ and 3 6, within the
aperture may be seen the little orifice having a connection with
the branchial sac. In Spiraculum minimum this is very close to
the aperture, in Spiraculum putaoensis it is more remote. In the
first the inner and outer lips of the peristome are united and
thickened at the upper inner margin next the suture, while in
the second there is further development; a clear separation of
the lips has taken place, the inner has a slight nick on the line of
the suture, shown by a sort of cicatrice up to the branchial
orifice, and the outer lip is expanded forward into a short scoop-
like process corresponding to the wing, as it has been called,
of Ptervcyclos. The next species (fig. 4) [?. spiramentum] might

122 CYCLOPHORID#.

be placed in this genus and is a true link with it. The tube is so far
forward, it still forms a part of the peristome, a complete isolated
orifice has not yet been formed—it is a slit; the process of its
further development would be the growing more forward of the
whorl itself. In fig. 5, Spiraculum luyorensis, we find this stage
reached, and in fig. 54 the internal orifice has been left behind, and
externally a perfect tube is seen on the suture (fig. 5 a) behind the
aperture and completely separate from it. While this evolution
has been in progress, another change has taken place; the scoop
in fig. 4 has grown forward considerably into the elongated gutter
of fig. 5, with its edges growing inwards and nearly touching,
corresponding in life, in all probability, with a sharp fold of the
mantle edge, which with further growth might become more and
more tube-like.” (Godwin-Austen.)

171. Pearsonia nagaensis, Godwin- Austen § Beddome.

Spiraculum nagaense, Godwin-Austen & Beddome, A. M.N.H.
ser. 6, xiii, 1894, p. 509.

Spiraculum (s, str.) nagaense, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 135; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 103.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) nagaensis, Kobelt, Das ‘Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 174.
Pearsonia nagaensis, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1911,
pa fl pl. Shes. 12 1s:

Original description :—“ Shell discoidal, upper surface flat,
widely umbilicated; sculpture, strong longitudinal striation, covered
with a thick epidermis, with two parallel bands of close set hairs
on the periphery. Colour umber, with a series of darker bands
crossing the whorls. Spire quite flat; suture deep, the sutural
tube is 45 mm. behind the peristome, is well developed, arched
and bending over, and lies directed backwards and parallel with
the suture; whorls 5, rounded, the last descending very slightly ;
aperture circular; peristome thickened, white, continuous, with an
angulate notch above and close to the body-whorl; operculum
widely spiral, shelly, whitish grey.

“Maj. diam. 17°56, min. 14:0; alt. axis 5°25 mm.” (G@odwin-
Austen § Beddome.)

Hab, India :Maokokchung, Naga Hills (Muspratt).

“This small form may be distinguished from S. hispidum, var.
minor, of Teria Ghat in the Khasi Hills and base of the Dafla
Hills, in the form and direction in which the sutural tube lies
backward on the shell; in hispidum it lies across and nearly at
right angles with the suture, in this new form it is on the line of
the suture.” (Godwin-Austen § Beddome.)

172. Pearsonia nevilli, Godwin- Austen.

Spiraculum nevilli, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p. 174, pl. 7, fig. 2.

PHARSONIA. 123

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) nevilli, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 264.

Pearsonia (Pearsonia) nevilli, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 174.

Pearsonia nevilli, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,
p. 765, pl. 112, figs. 1, 2.

Original description :—‘ Shell discoidal, convexly depressed,
widely umbilicated, covered with a dark brown epidermis which
soon becomes eroded, and with an incipient dark band on the keel
in perfect specimens. Spire very slightly raised, suture deep,
whorls 5, much rounded, the last descending slightly towards
the aperture. The sutural tube is only 0:10” [2:5 mm.] in
length, 0°3’’ [7°56 mm.] behind the aperture, turns back, and
is situated close to the suture. Aperture oblique, circular.
Peristome double, inner lip continuous, having at the suture a re-
entering angular notch, the outer is similarly notehed and then
expanded and folded into a spout-shaped form. Operculum not
seen, probably as in S. hispidum.

* Alt. 0°36 [9 mm.], major diam. 1°05 [26°5 mm.], minor diam.
0-92 [23:5 mm.], apert. 0°45 in. [11:5 mm. J.”

Hab, India: Dibiri Parbat, Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

“This Spiraculum is quite distinct from S. hispidum, for which
I mistook it when found, and consequently omitted to search for
more examples. In the form of the sutural tube it most nearly
resembles S. avanum W. Blf., thus differing very considerably
from S. hispidum, in which that part is broad and curves quite
over and across the suture in well-grown shells. The most not-
able point of difference, however, is the expansion of the outer lip
into a tube-like process, in which respect the species shews its very
close aflinity to the genus Pterocyclos.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Pearsonia nevilli, G.-A., var.

Spiraculum nevilli, var. Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii,
1915, p. 497.

“ Shell very openly umbilicated, discoid. Sculpture, close spiral
liration, accentuated at the middle half of the whorl looking at it
from above. Colour dark madder-brown, mottled or rather
streaked closely with ochre bands which, as they approach the
apex, are closely zig-zagged, beneath plain. A distinct black
band on the periphery. Spire very flat. Suture impressed.
Whorls 5, regularly increasing. Aperture circular, oblique.
Peristome double, thickened, much reflected, expanding forward
near suture into a spout-like shape, which continues as a raised,
pronounced narrow ridge on the reflected whorl, the epidermis
being peculiarly shining. A little further development would
constitute this a tube, such is its appearance. Operculum multi-
spiral, about 10 whorls, the edges slightly raised and furred on
outer margin.”

124 CYCLOPHORID &.

“ Major diam. 21°5; alt. axis 5‘0 mm. (Type immature, Ist
received.) Major diam. 22:5 ; ; alt. axis 95 mm. (full-grown
example).” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills.

Pearsonia nevilli, G'.-A., var.

Spiraculum nevilli, var., Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, tele
p. 497.

“The wing or spout is not so long in typical nevilli from the
Dafla Hills, and the last whorl near the aperture descends much
more than in this Abor shell, otherwise they are very close in
form. The Abor shells are not so very much mottled, but have a
distinct band, and mney are much smaller. |

** Major diam. 23°25; alt. axis 48 mm.” (Grodwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Luyor, Abor Hills (Oakes).

173. Pearsonia oakesi, Godwin-Austen.

Spiraculum oakest, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p- 496, pl. 39, fig. 3

“Shell depressedly discoid, widely umbilicated. Sculpture
close, fine transverse lines of growth in the epidermis, no spiral
ribbing. Colour: ground grey white, crossed by regular bands of
brown, zig-zag below, merging into a narrow dark peripheral band,
from which zig-zag lines are given off on the basal side. Spire
scarcely raised above the last whorl. Suture well impressed, the
sutural tube very long, 7 mm., narrow, set sag bars backward, nearly
reaching to the apical w orl! W hore & , regularly increasing.
Aperture circular. Peristome continuous, se esagil reflected Al
the upper inner angle, expanded forward from above and below,
horizontally upon the median line of the penultimate whorl form-
ing a narrow slit. Columellar margin rounded. Operculum multi-
spiral, slightly concave, smooth at centre, edges of the outer whorls
distinct and slightly raised.

“Operculum multispiral, edges of suture slightly raised, concave
in centre.

** Major diam. 26°0; alt. axis 5°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes).

‘** Five specimens of this beautiful species came to hand; it does
not recall any species as yet found in Assam or Burma.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

174. Pearsonia plana, Godwin-Austen.

Spiraculum planum, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p-497, pl. 39, fig. 6.

“Shell similar to S. kempi. Sculpture, rather coarser spiral

PEARSONIA. 125

ribbings. Colour bleached. Spire very low, the apex scarcely
showing above the last whorl. Suture deeper. Sutural tube only
6°5 from the peristome, it is 4 mm. long and sharply reenrved
backward. Whorls 5. Aperture circular. Peristome double,
thickened, outer lip expanding into a somewhat lengthened open
wing, ascending on the whorl next it, not descending as in previous
species.

“ Major diam. 30-0; alt. axis 6°0 mm.”

Hab. India: Upper Rotung, Abor Hills; Upper Rotung;
Yembung (Aemp).

“A single small variety, bleached, only 28 mm.in major dia-
meter, was sent to me from the Miri Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

175. Pearsonia putaoensis, Godwin- Austen.

Spiraculum putaoensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p- 500, pl. 40, fig. 3.

“Shell widely umbilicated, orbicularly depressed. Sculpture,
fine regular transverse strie of growth. Colour, bleached, and
epidermis gone ; zig-zag streakings at regular intervals cross the
whorls from the suture outwards. Spire scarcely raised above the
Jast whorl. Suture impressed, the tube 443 mm., behind the aper-
ture, a mere orifice, but in the perfect shell there may be a tube.
Whorls 4, increasing regularly. Aperture cireular, oblique.
Peristome double, inner and outer lips continuous, the inner with
a slight notch near sutural margin, the outer expanded into a
wing or spout.

* Major diam. 14:0; alt. axis 4:0 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Putao, Upper Burma (Capt. E. C. Morris).

“The habitat of this species at the head of the Irrawady valley
(not a very far distant one from the Tsanspu) is interesting and
I have introduced it here because in the sutural tube it approaches
a species found in the Abor Hills, which I next describe as Spira-
culum minimum, and is much smaller. It also recails Spiraculum
andersoni, BIf., from Bhamo, but this is more openly umbilicated,
the wing similar.” (Godwin-Austen.)

176. Pearsonia simplex, Nevill.
Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) mastersi, var. simplex (? distinct species),
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 263. ’
Spiraculum (s. str.) simplex, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26.
Pearsonia (Pearsonia) simplex, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 175.

“Of much simpler characters than the typical form. The last
whorl only a little detached; the sutural tube not bent back; the
suture less excavated; and only a small expanded tube at the
upper margin of the aperture.” (Nevill.)

Hab, India: Naga Hills (Ztoberts).

126 CYCLOPHORIDA.

177. Pearsonia travancorica, Blanford.

Spiraculum travancoricum (Beddome), Blanford, J. A.S. B. xlix,
1880, p. 212, pl. 3, fig. 6; Cooke, Cambr. Nat. Hist. iii, 1895,
p. 266, fig. 180 ¢,

Spiraculum (s. str.) travancoricum, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
9. 26.

Pecan (Pearsonia) travancorica, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 175.

Pearsonia travancorica, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii,
1913, p. 973.

Original description :—* Shell broadly umbilicate, depressedly
turbinate, and, in the single aged specimen found, decorticated,
whitish and smooth throughout. Traces of a brown epidermis
remain around the umbilicus, and younger specimens are probably
brown in colour, and perhaps ornamented with coloured bands,
like other species of the genus. Spire raised, depressedly conical,
suture deep, apex acute. Whorls 43 rounded ; the last cylindrical,
descending, and free near the aperture, and provided above, about
three millimetres behind the mouth, with a rather elongate tube,
which projects forward, and is in contact with the penultimate
whorl throughout. The tube appears broken at the end, and may
have been even longer originally ; the anterior termination in the
specimen is in a line with the oblique peristome of the shell.
Aperture diagonal, circular ; peristome double, inner lip sharp, not
projecting much, curved backwards near the penultimate whorl ;
outer peristome expanded, and wavy above externally and below,
straight and somewhat narrower on the left margin. Operculum
nearly flat externally, concave within; the outer margins of the
whorls free and lamellar, except towards the middle ; the cireum-
ference surrounded by several raised lines, the edges of the outer-
most whorls. Major diameter 123 mm., minor 103, axis 7,
diameter of the mouth 54 mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Hills between Travancore and Tinnevelly.

‘This species differs from ail others of the genus by its higher
spire, and by the combination of the mouth being free and the
sutural tube being directed forward and attached to the last
whorl.” (Blanford.)

Subgenus PSEUDOSPIRACULUM, Avbelt.
Diplopterum, Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 26 (non Diplopteron corr.
Diplopterum, Swainson, 1839).
Pseudospiraculum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 175.
Typn, (only species) Spiraculum fairbankt, Blanford.
Range. India.
Shell with a tongue-shaped process on the lower margin of the
peristome,

PEA RSONTIA.—RHIOSTOMA, 127

178, Pearsonia fairbanki, Blanford.

Spiraculum fairbanki, Blanford, J. A. S.B, xxxviii, 1869, p. 185;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 38, 1875, p. 48; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) fairbanki, Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 49, figs. 1, 2.

Pterocyclus (Spiraculum) fairbanki, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 264.

Spiraculum (Diplopterum) fairbanki, Kobelt & Moéllendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 114; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

. 26.

ecaones (Pseudospiraculum) fairbanki, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 175, fig. 87; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
i, LOI pe 270s

Original description:—‘ Shell broadly umbilicated, depressed,
nearly discoidal, greyish white with irregular streaks and spots
of chestnut and two bands of the same colour; one, somewhat
interrupted, below the periphery, the other broader, within the
umbilicus. Spire almost flat, the apex prominent and papillar,
the suture deeply impressed. Whorls 5, rounded, the last eylin-
drical, gradually descending in front and furnished, 4 mill. behind
the aperture, with a short, nearly vertical spiracle, in the form of
a truncated cone, and joined to the penultimate whorl. Aper-
ture diagonal, circular, the peristome double, the internal portion
projecting slightly and obtuse, with a rather shallow angular
sinus near the suture: the external peristome is continuous,
expanded, dilated above into a projecting wing which runs
forwards for some distance along the last whorl in front of the
aperture, and is bent downwards at the end. Near the base of
the columellar margin there is a small gutter-shaped projection.
The operculum is very concave within, externally convex,
flattened at the apex, with free lamellar edges to the whorls as in
the typical species of Pterocyclos.

‘“Major diameter 144, minor 113, axis 6, diameter of the
aperture within 4 mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Pulney Hills (Fairbank),

Genus RHIOSTOMA, Benson.

Rhiostoma (part.), Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 96; Pfeiffer,
Journ, Conchyl. x, 1862, p. 45; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii,
1864, p. 451; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p.38; Martens,
Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 63; Stolizekza,J.A.S.B.
xl, 1870, p. 150 (animal); Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262 (as
subgenus of Pterocyclus); Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 745
(subgenus) ; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 115; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 27; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 176; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae,
ii, 1910, p. 754.

Type, Rhiostoma haughtoni, Benson.
Range. Burma, Farther India,

128 CYCLOPHORIDS.

Shell widely umbiliecated, subdiscoid, last whorl solute, descend-
ing laterally; peristome free, notched above, with a more or less
imperfect reflexed tube at the end of the notch. Operculum
shortly cylindrical, multispiral, deeply excavated within, nucleus
flat, smooth.

179. Rhiostoma haughtoni, Benson.

Rhiostoma haughtont, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 96;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 89; Stoliczka,
J.A.S.B. xl, 187], p. 150; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 37; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts, Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 115; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 27; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 177, fig. 38; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, ii, 1910, p. 759, pl. 110, fig. 14, pl. 111, figs. 14—
16.

Pterocyclos haughtoni, Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863, pl. 5, fig. 30.

Pterocyclos (Rhiostoma) haughtoni, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 5, fig. 10.

Pterocyclus (Rhiostoma) haughtom, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 262.

Original description :—* Testa late umbilicata, convexo-depressa,
solidiuscula, oblique scabre striatula, superne castanea, subtus
albida, fascia angusta mediana saturatiore, utrinque angulato-
marmorata, ornata; spira depresso-conoidea, apice prominulo
obtusiusculo, sutura impressa; antractibus 5, convexiusculis,
ultimo cylindrico, antice longe soluto, lateraliter descendente,
superne carina obtusa a sutura usque ad tubulum marginalem
decurrente munito; apertura libera, obliqua, diagonali, circulari ;
peristomate subduplici, extus incrassato, reflexiusculo, superne
ad sinistram inciso, tubulo imperfecto, antice aperto, sinistrorse
erecto, rimam coronante, munito; umbilico perspectivo, profundo ;
operculo testaceo, multispirato, breviter cylindrico, apice planato,
levigato, anfractibus arcte convolutis, marginibus acute carinatis,
spatiis intersitis epidermide scabra vestitis; intus profunde
excavato, polito.

“ Dian. major 21, minor 11, axis 8$ mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Moulmain (Haughton, Theobald) ; Damotha, N.E.
of Moulmain (Stoliczka).

Fig. 22.—Rhiostoma haughtont.

‘Young specimens have no trace of the upper notch at the
outer lip and are generally undistinguishable from the planorboid
Cyclophori, like the Ceylon C. annwatus, Trosch., or the Nilgherry

—

RULOSLOMA—CYCLOTUS. 129

C. ravidus, Bens. Only in full-grown specimens the last whorl
at the aperture becomes detached from the previous whorl. The
operculum is first thin, flattened outside and slightly concave
inside ; gradually the shape becomes convex outside, as the whorls
increase in number, and at the same time the internal concavity
enlarges.” (Stoliczka.)

The shell now figured is in the general collection of the British
Museum, and measures: Major diam. 21°5, minor 18, alt. 12 mm.

180. Rhiostoma strubelli, Méllendorff.

Rhiostoma strubelli, Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1899, p: 166'; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 179; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cy clophoridae, ii, 1910, p. 759, pl. 118, figs. 10, ila:

Original description :— T. late et aperte umbilicata, umbilico 395
diametri sequante, conoideo-depressa, solidiuscula, subtiliter sed
distincte striatula, griseo-alba, strigis fulouratis castaneis picta, ad
peripheriam tenia angusta fusca ornata. Spira breviter conoidea.
Anfr. 5 teretes, sutura sat profunde impressa submarginata dis-
juncti, ultimus longe descendens, breviter solutus, in parte soluta
superne carinula obtusa, ad aperturam tubulo crassiusculo munitus.
Apert. fere diagonalis, circularis, peristoma breviter expansum,
sat incrassatum. Operculum subtestaceum breviter cylindrieum,
2-5 mm. altum.

“ Diam. 18, alt. 10 mm.” (Mollendor ff.)

Hab. Burma: Kalow, Shan States (Strubell).

Section CYCLOTE.

Genus CYCLOTUS, Swainson.

Cyclotus, Swainson, Treat. Malac. 1840, pp. 186, 836 (as subgenus
of Cyclostoma) ; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 182 ; id. , Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 16 (as genus) ; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. il,
1855, p. 274; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 485; Blan-
ford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 446; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 14; Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool.
li, 1867, p. 116; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 255; Fischer,
Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 745 (as subgenus of Pterocuclus) ;
Mollendorff, Ber. Senckenb. Nat. Ges. 1890, p. 266; Kobelt &
Mollendor#f, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 116; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 28; Sarasin, Land Moll. Celebes, 1899,
p. 39; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 188; id., Conch.-
Cab., Cyclophoridae, 11, 1911, p. 773.

Tyee, Cyclotus variegatus, Swainson.

Range. Southern Asia, Southern China and Japan, New Guinea.

Shell widely umbilicated, flat or discoid, with a dark perio-
stracum ; peristome simple or provided with a wing. Operculum
composed of two lamin separated by a deep furrow, the inner
membranaceous, the outer calcareous, flat, without process or
appendages,

K

130 CYCLOPHORIDA.

Subgenus SIPHONOCYCLUS, JMéllendorff.

Riiostoma (part.), Benson, A. M.N, H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 96.
Siphonocyclus, Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxii, 1900,
pp- 185, 186; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 208; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911, p. 813.
Typn, Plerocyclos tener, Menke.

Range. Burma, Farther India, South China, Hainan.
Shell with sutural tube as in Opisthoporus. Operculum normal.

181. Cyclotus gordoni, Benson.

Opisthoporus gordont, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 5, x1, 1865, p. 522 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 36; Kobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 118; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 30.

Spiraculum gordont, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 5, xii, 1864, p. 451 ;
Theobald, J. A. S, B. xxxix, 1870, p. 399, pl. 18, fig. 6.

Spiraculum (Opisthoporus) gordoni, ‘Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 38.

Pterocyclos (Spiraculum) gordoni, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1870, pl. 49, figs. 9, 10.

Fterocyclus (Spiraculum) gordont, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 264.

Procyclotus (Siphonocyclus) gordont, Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxxii, 1900, p. 187.

Cyclotus (Siphonocyclus) gordont, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 209, fig. 48; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclophoridae, ii, 1911,
p. 820, pl. 123, figs. 15, 16.

Original description :—“ O. testa late et concave umbilicata,
depressa, discoidea, confertim striata, sub lente striis minutis
spiralibus, nonnullis elevatiusculis, decussata, albida, strigis
fulguratis castaneis fasciaque fusca dentata ad peripheriam ornata;
spira planata, apice non elevato obtuso, sutura profunda, demum
eanaliculata; anfractibus 5, gradatim accrescentibus, convexis,
ultimo rotundato, antice descendente, pone alam breviter soluto,
4 millim. pone aperturam spiraculo suturali brevi retrorsum
spectante, nonnunquam subobsoleto, munito; apertura valde
obliqua, circulari; peristomate duplici, interno prope anfractum
penultimum breviter inciso, exteriore superne et ad dextram
angulatim expanso, ala intus concava insuper anfractum penul-
timum antrorsum ascendente munito.

“ Diam. major 22-23, minor 17-19, axis 5-6 mill.” (Benson.)

Hal. Burma: Moulmain (Gordon).

Section CYATHOPOMATEA.

Genus CYATHOPOMA, Dlanford.

Cyathopoma, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 848 (nom. nud.); id.,
A.M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 449; id., Journ. Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 257; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 238

EAD) ;

CYATHOPOMA, ol

Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 258; Nevill, J. A.S. B. 1, 1881,
p. 144; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 745 ; Kobelt & Millendortf,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 119; Sykes, Proc.
Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, pp. 66, 159; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 218.

Tren, Cyclotus filocinctus, Benson.

Range. India, Farther India, Ceylon, Andamans, Nicobars,
Seychelles.

Animal white, with a short oval foot, undivided beneath ; small
black tentacles with eyes at base.

Shell small, umbilicated, pyramidal-turbinate or depressed tur-
binate, generally with spiral lire, periostracum thick. Opereulum
convex en the inner side, multispiral, normally truncate conoid,
composed of two laminz, the inner membranaceous, outer calca-
reous, very concave, the edges of the whorls free, occasionally
beautifully ornamented.

Subgenus CYATHOPOMA, Blanford.

Cyathopoma (part.), Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxx, 1861, p. 348; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix. 1897, p. 119; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 51; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 219; Pilsbry, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. xl, 1919, p. 328.

Typn, Cyclotus filocinctus, Benson.

Range. Southern India, Ceylon, Nicobars, Japan; Seychelles,
Belgian Congo.

Shell small. more or less depressed, widely umbilicated, with
distinct spiral lire; peristome single or double ; operculum with
raised edges to the whorls, which are often incurved towards the
centre and prettily ornamented.

182. Cyathopoma album, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) album, Beddome, P.Z.S8. 1875, p. 446,
p. 52, fig. 14.

Cyathopoma album, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. 11; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3. 1876, p. 379.
Jerdonia alba, Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894,

p. 308.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) album, Kobelt & M@éllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 119; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 31.
Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) album, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 219, fig. 46.

Original description :—‘ Shell widely umbilicated, depresso-
turbinate, furnished with a chalky-white or whitish-brown
epidermis, having a minute vertical striation, which is early
deciduous, or only present in patches, the shell beneath being of
a peculiar shining white horny texture; spire conoidal, apex
subacute ; whorls 4—5, spirally lirate, the lowest with four to five,

K2

132 CYCLOPHORID 2.

the penultimate with three ribs or lines, more prominent before
the loss of the epidermis; the umbilicus prominently spirally
ribbed within; aperture circular, oblique; peristome thin, simple,
continuous, slightly angled at the inner base at the termination
of the first rib round the umbilical region ; operculum externally
very concave, with the margins of the outer shelly layer much
raised but straight and not at all arched, multispiral, with a small
transparent nucleus: length j4; inch [1°75 mm.], breadth 75 inch
[2 mm.].” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: Yellagherry Mountains; Sirumullay Hills, Din-
digul (Beddome). Ceylon: Dimbola (Beddome).

Stated by the author to be allied to C. holamulliense, Blanford.

183. Cyathopoma artatum, Sykes.

Cyathopoma artatum, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. ii, 1897, p. 25
pl. 16, figs. 19, 20.

Cyathopoma (s. str. .) artatum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. "136; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 105.
Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) artatum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 219.

Original description :—‘‘'Testa dextrorsa, late et perspective
umbilicata, depresso-turbinata, apice acutula, periostraco caleareo,
deciduo, induta, sub hoe albido-cornea, polita; anfr. 42, regulariter
accrescentes, spiraliter hirati, sub lente leviter transversim striati,
ultimus carinis duabus supra peripheriam, et sex liris magis
approximatis sub peripheriam et in umbilico, penultimus duabus
carinis ; apertura circularis, peristomate simplice, continue, intus
leviter incrassato; operculum valde concayvum, multispirale. Alt.
[am lene, Panaahinae “(Syke es.)

Hab. Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

«This minute species is noteworthy for being clothed with a
periostracum of a very chalky nature, which, howe ever, appears to
be very easily rubbed off, and many specimens only fully exhibit
it within the umbilieal area. The three upper carinations are
sharply edged, while those below the periphery and in the
umbilicus are rounded and thread-like.” (Sykes.)

184. Cyathopoma atrosetosum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) atrosetosum, Beddome, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 448,
pl. 52, fig. 18.

Cyathopoma atrosetosum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 380.
Cyathopoma (sastr) atrosetosum, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, pelo id. Cat. Pneum. 1899,

sells
Cha naine (Cyathopoma) atrosetosum, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 219.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, ovate to subturbinate,

CYATHOPOMA. 133

spirally lirate, thin, semitransparent, whitish, furnished with a
deciduous brownish vertically but inconspicuously striated epider-
mis, subobsolete on some specimens; spire conical; whorls 5,
rounded, furnished with numerous close, rather inconspicuous
spiral lines, along which are numerous, rather distant, patent or
suberect long black lines; umbilicus more or less open, with
a more or less prominent keel at its entrance, inconspicuously
ribbed or smooth within; aperture subvertical, circular ; peristome
single, subdouble or double, entire or with the outer margin
beautifully crenated; operculum subdouble, externally white and
shelly, and a little concave from the margins being raised, multi-
spiral, with a large central transparent nucleus, internally mem-
branaceous, convex, yellowish, shining: length 51, inch [2°5 mm.],
greatest diameter 71, to >4 inch [2°5-1-75 mm. ].”

Hab. India: South Canara Ghats ; Anamullays (Beddome).

“The peristome, the umbilical region, and even the shape of the
shell are.very variable.” (Beddome.)

185. Cyathopoma beddomeanum, Nevill.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) blanfordi, Beddome, P.Z.S8 1875, p. 446,
pl. 52, fig. 13 (not Cyathopoma blanfordi, H. Adams, 1868) ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. i1; Pfeiffer,
Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 877.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) beddomeanum (nom, mut.), Nevill, J.A.S. B.
1, 1881, p. 145.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) beddomeanum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 119; id., Cat. Pnenm. 1899,
pol.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) beddomeanum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 220.

Original description :—“ Shell thin, umbilicated, pyramidal,
turreted, straw-coloured, apex attenuated and subacute; whorls 6,
sutures prominent, all the whorls, except the two small apical
ones, prominently carinated ; carinations two to three on the third
whor!, three to five on the fourth, five to seven on the lowest,
those about the umbilical region rather distant; umbilicus per-
vious ; aperture circular ; peristome thin, single, continuous, incon-
spicuously crenulate; operculum as in the last species [nitidwim |:
length + inch [3°5 mm.], greatest diameter !- inch [2°25 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Tinnevelly Mountains, 4000 tt. (Beddome).

“T have a closely allied species from Ceylon, Jerdonia dickoy-
ensis (Nevill MS.); it is rather smaller, with a finer carination,
and much smoother about the umbilical region; and I think
specifically distinct.” (Leddome.)

186. Cyathopoma coonoorense, Blanford.

Cyathopoma coonoorense, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868,
p- 261, pl. 12, fig. 6; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 135, fig. 10; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 25;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259.

1o4 CYCLOPHORID®.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) coonvorense, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 119; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. dl. F

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) coonoorense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 220.

Original description :—** Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-tur-
binata, lineis subdistantibus elevatis minutis cincta, albida, epider-
mide luteo-cornea, strigis castaneis obliquis ornata induta. Spira
conoidea, apice acuto; sutura profunda. Anfr. 4 rotundati,
ultimus teres, versus aperturam leviter descendens, undique
minute spiraliter liratus. Apertura obliqua, circularis, juxta
umbilieuim sinuata; peristoma, subduplex vel duplex.—Operculum?

‘Diam. maj. vix 3, min, 23; alt. 22 mill.”

Hab. India: Coonoor, Nilghiri Hills (Blanford).

** Closely alhed to C. malabaricum. ‘The spiral sculpture is less
pronounced than in most species, the periostracum is thinner,
smoother, and ornamented with coloured bands.

‘A larger form with more crowded spiral lire and distinctly
double peristome has been collected by Beddome at Krore Mund
in the Nilghiri Hills.” (Blanford.)

187. Cyathopoma deccanense, Blanford.

Cyathopoma deceanense, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 258,
pl. 12, fig. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 82,
tigs. 8,9; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, pp. 25, 377.

Cyathopoma deccanianum, H. Adams, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 292.

Cyathopoma dekkanense, Theobald, Cat. Shells brit. India, 1876,
». 38.

Crihete deccanense, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259.
Cyathopoma (s. str.) deceanense, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32.
Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) deccanense, Kobelt, Das ‘ierreich,

Lief, 16, 1902, p. 220.

Original description :—* Testa subanguste umbilicata, turbinata,
solidula, albida, lineis confertis elevatis cincta, epidermide crassa,
molli, faciliter detergenda, supra fuscescenti, subtus albida, sub-
testacea, verticaliter striata, induta. Spira conica, apice subacuto;
sutura impressa. Anfr. 43 convexi, ultimus cylindraceus, supra
2-3 lineis elevatis, ad peripheriam, carina elevatiuscula, subtus
duabus similibus circumdatus, in umbilico perspective, conico,
costis confertis spiralibus ornatus. Apertura parum obliqua,
circularis ; peristoma subsimplex, vix incrassatum, ad extremitates
carine medianze et ambarum basalium brevissime Jinguiformiter
porrectum, margine externo leviter antice arcuato.—Operculum
normale, margine elevato anfractuuin sub lente lineis reticulatis
pulcherrimo sculpta.

“« Diam. maj. 3, min. 2, alt. 33 mill. Apert. intus 13 mill.”
(Blanford).

Hab. India: Khandalla, Singhur, Western Ghats, near Bombay,
2-4000 ft. (Blanford) ; Bhore Ghat (Nevill).

CYATHOPOMA. 135

May be distinguished from C. filocinctum by the more elevated
spire, the narrower umbilicus, and the absence of all crenulation
inside the mouth. The periostracum is stated to be very curious
and difficult to retain on account of its extreme fragility.

188. Cyathopoma filocinctum, Benson. |

Cyclostoma filocinctum, Benson, A. M. N.H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 188 ;
id., op. cit. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 416; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclo-
stoma, 1854, p. 379, pl. 49, figs. 26-28.

Cyclostomus ? filocinctus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p.168; id,
Mon, Pneum. 1852, p. 221; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 155.

Cyclotus filocinctus, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xiv, 1854, p. 416;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 275; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 25; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1865,
Cyclotus, pl. 9, fig. 50.

Cyathopoma filocinctum, Blanford, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p. 449; Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p, 258, pl. 12, fig. 1 ; Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 82, figs. 2, 3; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38 (pilocinctwm) ; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 268.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) filocinctum, WKobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 104.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) filocinctum, Kobe!t, Das Tierreich, Lief.
16, 1902, p. 221.

Original description :—‘ Testa subaperte umbilicata, turbinato-
globosa, infra spatium humerale glabrum lineis frequentibus elevatis
cingulata, albida, epidermide fusca induta; spira_ elevata,
subeonica, sutura impressa, apice papillari; anfractibus 43
rotundatis, ultimo cylindraceo; apertura circulari, supernue vix
angulata, prope umbilicum leviter sinuata, 2 longitudinis zequante ;
peristomate duplici, interiori simplici acuto, exteriori breviter
reflexo; umbilico profundo, perspectivo.

‘Diam. major 3, minor 24, alt. 24 mill.”

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, Blanford, Theobald).

“ This little species is distinguished by the spiral ridges, which
are numerous between the shoulder of the whorl and the
umbilicus, but are deficient near the suture, as well as by its
double peristome. The epidermis is deciduous.’ (Benson.)

Blanford supplemented * Benson’s description as follows :—
‘‘ Epidermide oblique striata, juxta saturam plicato-striato, sepe
hispida, peristomate intus confertissime crispato.”

189. Cyathopoma kalryenense, Blanford.

Cyclotus kalryenensis, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 352, pl. 2,
fiz, 1; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 33.

* Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 258.

156 CYCLOPHORID &#,

Cyathopoma kalryenense, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 145;
id., A.M. N.H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 449; id., Journ. Conchyl.
xvi, 1868, p. 260, pl. 12, fig. 4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 24; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xiii;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 259.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) kalryenense, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

, 2.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) kalryenense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,

Lief. 16, 1902, p. 221.

Original description: —“Testa umbilicata, elevato-conica,
albida, spiraliter lirata, epidermide pallide cornea, induta; spira
conica, apice subacuta; sutura profunda; anfr. 5 rotundati ;
ultimus cylindraceus. Apertura parum obliqua circularis ;
peristoma duplex, externum expansum, internum porrectum labio
dextro crenulato, acutum continuum; umbilicus perspectivus.
Operculum concavum externe testaceum, anfractuum marginibus
lamella spirali, ad anfractus externos elevata, incurvata, munitis.
Alt. 2, diam. maj. 2°5, min. 2, apert. diam. 0°8 mm.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Kalryen Hills, near Salem (King § Foote);
Sirumullays (Beddome).

Most closely allied to C. filocinetum, differing in the much
smaller size and the more elevated spire.

190. Cyathopoma kolamulliense, Blanford.

Jerdonia? kolamulliensis, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxx, 1861, pp. 351,
366, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Cyathopoma kolamuilliense, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p. 449; id., Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 260, pl. 12, fig. 5;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 135, figs. 8,9; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 24.

Cyclotus? kolamulhensis, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 2, 1865
p. 28.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) kolamulliense, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 259.

Cyathopoma kolamalliense, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
)», Od.

Mychopoma kolamallayense, Theobald, op. cit. p. 39.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) kolamullyense, Kobelt & Méllendortt, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

»
9. O2.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) kolamulliense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 221.

d

Original description :—“ Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-
turbinata, albido-cornea, transverse striata, nitida; spira conoidea,
apice acutiuscula, sutura impressa. Anfr. 4 convexi, ultimus
rotundatus, costis 5 filiformibus circumdatus, aliis 7 erebris,
striis verticalibus decussatis, in umbilico ornatus, quarum una ad
marginem basalem angulatam umbilici carinam prestat. Apertura
circularis, obliqua; perist. rectum, simplex, continuum, superne

CYATHOPOMA, 137

et at latus dextrum valde antice porrectum, margine columellari
recedente. Umbilicum Derepechiytnt conicum. Opere. ¢

“ Diam. maj. 22, min. 24, axis 2, ap. diam. 1 mm.

Hab. India: Ikolamullay Hills, near Trichinopoly (Aung,
Beddome).

“The sculpture within the umbilicus recalls that of Cyathopoma
filocinctum, B.” (Blanford.)

191. Cyathopoma latilabre, Beddome.

Cyathopoma latilabre, Beddome, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 450, pl. 53, figs, 28
29; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 376; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xiii; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, Addenda, p. i1; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259.

Cyathopoma (s. stv.) latilabre, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) latilabre, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 222.

Original description :—* Shell deeply and prominently umbili-
cated, turbinato-globose, glabrous or subglabrous, epidermis of a
pale yellowish- brown colour, with oblique vertical dark chestnut-
coloured bands and a minute vertical striation, white beneath the
epidermis ; spire conical, apex subacute; whorls five or six, the
lowest smooth in its upper half near the suture, in the region of
the periphery surrounded with three rather prominent carinations
with a smooth space between them and the umbilical region, the
penultimate and antepenultimate with generally two less promi-
nent lines or ribs; lowest whorl cylindrical, slightly descending
with an inconspicuous swelling followed by a slight contraction
just in front of the reflexed peristome ; the umbilicus furnished
with very prominent spiral ribs up to the very apex of the shell;
aperture a little oblique, subcircular ; peristome half-double; the
inner lip dilated and much angled on its outer margin, small and
continuous round the inner margin, outer lip irregularly angled
on its outer margin, and much dilated at the inner basal
margin, where it suddenly terminates, not being continued
round the inner portion of the aperture; operculum externally
milky white, shelly, papilliform, smooth, flattened at the apex,
where it is furnished with a small circular aperture, inner layer
membranaceous, slightly concave externally, with a central
diaphanous nucleus, multispiral, the edges of ‘the whorls raised :
height of shell 8 inch [4:5 mm.], the greatest diameter
equalling the height.

Hab. India: South Canara Ghats, 2000-3000 ft. elevation
(Beddome) ; Wynaad (Fairbank).

“The operculum i is an exaggerated form of that of the typical
Cyathopoma filocinctum, the margins of the outer shelly layers are
arched over and almost meet in the centre, forming a papilla with
only a small hole in the centre.” (Beddome.)

138 CYCLOPHORID ®&.

192. Cyathopoma leptomita, Syices.

Jerdonia ceylanica, Collett, Journ. Roy. Asiat. Soe. (Ceylon
Branch), xv, 1897, p. 20.

Cyathopoma leptomita, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 69,
pl. 5, fiz. 8.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) leptomita, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 136; id., Cat. Preum. 1899
p. 104.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) leptomita, Kobelt, Das Tierreich Lief. 16,
1902, p. 222.

Original description :—* Testa elevata, conoidea, late et perspec-
tive umbilicata, cineracea, brunneo-ochraceo eleganter picta, apice
protracto, acutulo; anfr. 5, primi Jeeves, reliqui carinati, ultimus
10 carinis approx. ornatus, undique arctissime et tenuissime lirati,
hris delicatissimis, fimbriatis ; liris conspicuis 6 approx. in umbilico ;
sutura bene impressa ; apertura ovato-circularis, labro tenui ; oper-
culum multispirale, concavum. Alt. 2°5, lat. 3 mm.” ( Sykes.)

Hab, Ceylon: Ambagamuwa (Collett).

May be readily separated from C. ceylanicum by the well-
marked though closely-set lines crossing the carinations.

193. Cyathopoma marie, /Jousseaume.

Cyathopoma dickoyense (nom. nud.), H. Nevill, Enum. Helie.
Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 6.

Jerdonia dickoyensis (Nevill MS.), Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1875,
p. 446 ; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 808..;
Cyathopoma dekoyense, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
_ ip. 38. i
Cyathopoma marie, Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii,
1894, p. 807, pl. 4, fig. 4; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. ii, 1897,
DS De Oe
Cyathopoma (s. str.) dickroyense, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 119; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
_p. 3l. ;
Cyathopoma (8. str.) dickoyense, Kobelt & Mollendorff, op. cit.
xxx1, 1899, p. 185; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 103. t
Cyathopoma (s. str.) marie, Kobelt & M dllendorff, op. cit. xxxi,
1899, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 104.

Cyathopoma ( Cyathopoma) dickoyense, obelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 221.

one.

Original description :— Coquille trés petite, de forme conique,
a sommet obtus. La base, un peu dilatée et arrondie, est perforée
au centre par un ombilic étroit, un peu evasé et recouvert en partie
par le bord columellaire ; sa couleur, d’un corné blane au sommet,
devient @un gris-jaunatre foneé sur les derniers tours. Le test
mince, un peu luisant et subtransparent, est strié longitudinale-
ment et enroulé circulairement de quatre petits cordons filiformes.
La spire est formée par l’enroulement de cing tours et demi arrondis

CYATHOPOMA, 139

et turbinés, dont l’accroissement s’effectue assez régulicrement.
La suture qui est sépare est trés profonde et tres apparante,
maleré la petitesse de la coquille. Les deux premiers tours, lisses
et dun corné blanchatre, forment, 4 lextrémité de la spire, un
sommet obtus ; les tours suivants sont stri¢és longitudinalement et
ornés de cétes circulaires; le dernier tour qui est, ainsi que les
deux précédents, d’un gris-jaunatre, est orné de trés fines stries
longitudinales lég¢rement obliques, tres serrées, et de quatre petites
cotes trés espacées qui s’enroulent sur la partie médiane. L’espace
assez ¢tendu qui les sépare en bas de Vombilic et en haut
de la suture est presque lisse. L’ouverture est circulaire et le
péristome est droit, excepté dans sa partie columellaire, ou il se
dejette du coté de lombilic. L’opercule, profondément enfonee
dans Vouverture, est légérement concave sur la face externe,
qui est lisse au centre et entourée & la péripherie de trois petites
lamelles concentriques.” (Jousseaume.)

Hab. Ceylon (Simon).

194. Cyathopoma ovatum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) ovatum, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 447,
pl. 52, fig. 16.

Cyathopoma ovatum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876,
p. 878; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda,
p- ll.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) ovatum, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32.
Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) ovatum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 223.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, ovate, spirally lirate,
furnished with a light-bright brownish, obliquely striated, thread-
like epidermis, and a few hairs along the spiral costulatious, white
beneath the epidermis ; spire conical, apex subacute ; whorls 5, the
lowest with about eleven spiral costulations continuous down to
the umbilicus, the four upper lines nearest the suture less con-
spicuous, or subobsolete ; the penultimate with three to four spiral
lines, umbilicus moderately open, spirally lirate within ; aperture
oblique, oblong, the vertical and spiral lines clearly visible on the
inside of the whorl; peristome continuous, or a little interrupted
at the apex on the penultimate whorl, double, except on its inner
or left margin; the outer lip expanded and reflexed on its outer
margin, contracted at its base and again prominently expanded at
the base of the columellar margin, the inner one white, shining,
and minutely crenulated on its outer and lower margins ; oper-
culum as in C. wynadense, with a moderate transparent nucleus :
length } inch [2°5 mm. |, greatest breadth ;4, inch [2 mm. ]}.”

Hab. \ndia: Yellagherry Hills, Salem District.

“The epidermis and spiral costulations are very similar to
those of jfilocinctum and wynadense; it is, however, a smaller
species, and ovate, not turbinate in form, and with a different

140 CYCLOPHORID A.

operculum. (C. filocinctum has the inner lip of the peristome
furnished with large, prominent, obtuse, white crenations; and
the spiral ribs or costulations on the base of the lowest whorl are
always continuous up to the umbilical region, there being no in-
tervening smooth space. C. wynadense has the inner lip of the
peristome smooth ; and the spiral costulations on the lower whorl
are generally interrupted by a smooth space before the umbilical
region is entered; but this latter character is not constant, as
some of my specimens have the costulations continuous up to the
umbilical region, as in filocinctum, so that it cannot, in the absence
of the operculum, be looked to as a characteristic to distinguish
them; but the peristome, where the shell is adult, is a safe
character.” (Beddome.)

195. Cyathopoma peilei, Preston.

Cyuthopoma peiler, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. v, 1903, p. 340,
text-fig. 1. -

Original description :—* Shell dextral, trochiform, umbilicated.
Whorls 5, spirally grooved and cross-sculptured with distinet
lire. Periostracum smooth, of a deep rich brown colour. Suture
channelled. Peristome double and reflexed. Umbilicus deep.
Aperture almost cireular. Alt. 3, diam. max. 3 mm.”

Hab, India: Yereand, Shevroy Hills (eile).

“The nearest ally to this species seems to be Cyathopoma
wynaadense, Blanford, from which it differs in having coarser
but fewer spiral lines of sculpture, cross plications, a slightly
more narrow umbilicus, aud a channelled suture; moreover, it
is more trochiform in sbape and of a much darker colour.”
(Preston.)

196. Cyathopoma prestoni, Sykes.
Cyathopoma prestont, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc, 1, 1897, p. 2386,
pl. 16, figs. 17, 18.
Cyathopoma (s. str.) prestont, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 104.
Cyathopoma ( Cyathopoma) prestont, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 228.

Original description :—* Testa dextrorsa, elevata, pyramidalis,
mediocriter et perspective umbilicata, periostraco brunneo leviter
induta, apice obtusula; anfr. 5, regulariter accrescentes, leviter
et obsolete spiraliter lirati, transversim striati, ultimus carinis
obsoletis quinque (?), fere levis in umbilico ; sutura bene impressa ;
apertura fere circularis, continua, peristomate leviter intus
incrassato. Alt. 2; lat. 1-5 mm.”

Hab, Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

“In form this species is intermediate between C. marie and
C. artatum, with a well-marked suture. The brown periostracum
and nearly obsolete carine, with the almost smooth umbilical
area, are its distinguishing features.” (Sykes.)

CYATHOPOMA, 141

A larger form than the type is recorded by Mr. Sykes * found
by Mr, Collett at Lower Ambagamuwa (2500 ft. alt.). It differs
from the type not only in its ‘greater size, having an additional
whorl, but also in its more elevated form, and i inthe more strongly
marked spiral sculpture, the liree also being more numerous; the
periostracum, moreover, is thicker, and, under a lens, gives an
obsoletely decussated appearance to the shell,

197. Cyathopoma shevaroyanum, Beddome.

CUED aa shevaroyanum, Beddome, P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 451, pl. 53,
figs. 32,33; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pueum. Suppl. # 3, 1876, p. 378 ; ‘Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. — Nevill, Hand a if
1878, p. 259; id., J. A.S. B.1, part 2, 1881, p. 145, pl. 6, fig.

Cyathopoma shevroyanun, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. ey
1876, Addenda, p. ii.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) shevroyanum, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 32.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) shevaroyanum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 223.

Original description :—“ Shell prominently umbilicated, turbi-
nate, a little depressed, spirally lirate, epidermis dark fuscous,
scarcely hairy, but with numerous very minute vertical striations,
and a few larger prominent distant ones; spire conical; whorls
5, the lower one with four rather inconspicuous costulations
round the region of the periphery, smooth in the upper portion
near the suture, and with a broad smooth space in front of the
umbilical region, the upper whorls with inconspicuous costulations ;
umbilicus lirate within, but not very conspicuously ; aperture
oblique, subcircular; peristome double, not dilated, and quite
smooth; operculum as in C. filocinctum and C. malabaricum; but
oceasionally the outer whorl is completely arched over, leaving
only a meEy small hole in the centre (as in C. latilabre): greatest

diameter 1, inch [25 mm.], height scarcely as much.”
Hab. India: Shevaroys and Yellaghirry Hills, Salem District
(Beddome).

“This species comes nearest to C. hkalryenense, but wants the
crenated aperture and is considered distinct by Mr. Blanford.”
(Beddome. )

Nevill, when figuring this species,t gave some further parti-
culars of the operculum, which he states “externally presents a
curious analogy to that of some species of Turbo; it is convex,
testaceous, smooth, with only a very small and inconspicuous
‘umbo,’ or opening, which is situated considerably above the
centre, consequently near the top of the aperture.”

* Op. cit. 11, 1898, p- 159.
+ J, A.S. B.1, part 2, 1881, p. 145, pl. 6, fig. 7

142 CYCLOPHORID®.

198. Cyathopoma sivagherrianum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) sivagherrianum, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875,
p. 448, pl. 52, fig. 17; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259.

Cyathopoma sivagherrianum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, Addenda, p. 11; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876,
Pyotd. : '

Cyathopoma {s. str.) stvagherianum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak, Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
D. 32.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) sivagherrianum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 223.

Original description :—* Shell pyramidal, turreted, thin, umbilicus
very small and obscure, straw-coloured, glabrous, spirally lirate,
apex attenuated, obtuse; whorls 5, convex, the two lower with
five spiral lines scarcely raised, antepenultimate with 2-4 lines,
aperture vertical, circular ; peristome simple, thin, continuous or
slightly interrupted at its apex ; operculum double, with a suleate
margin, internally membranaceous, externally shelly, but only a
little concave, as the margins are only slightly raised, nucleus
central, transparent, moderate: length 4) meh [1°75 mm.],
greatest diameter 74, inch [15 mm. |.” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: Sivagherry Mountains, 38000 ft.; Sispara
(Beddome).

199. Cyathopoma travancoricum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma travancoricum, Beddome, P. Z.S. 1875, p. 451, pl. 58,
figs. 30, 31; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 376.

Cyathopoma travankoricum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii. ;

Cyathopoma (s. str.) travancoricum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr,
Peuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
D. oe

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) travancoricum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 23.

Original description :— ‘Shell deeply and prominently umbil-
icated, turbinato-globose, glabrous, with rather obsolete vertical
chestnut markings, spirally lirate, but not striated vertically ;

Fig. 23.—Cyathopoma travancoricum.

spire conical, apex subacute ; whorls 6, the lowest with seven to
eight carinations, commencing near the suture and generally but

not always interrupted by a small space in front of the umbilical
region, the same swelling and contraction is present near ihe

CYATHOPOMA. 143

mouth as in C. latilabre, the penultimate and antepenultimate
with two to four carinations ; the umbilicus furnished with very
prominent spiral ribs up to the very apex of the shell ; aperture a
little oblique, subeircular ; peristome double, inner lip continuous,
dilated and crenated on its outer and lower margins, outer lip
irregularly angled on its outer margin and reflexed, much dilated
at its inner basal margin, subobsolete round the inner margin ;
operculum is in C. latilabre: greatest breadth 1 inch [5 mm. ],
extreme height about the same.”

Hab. India: Travancore Mountains, 3000 ft. elevation
(Beddome).

“Very similar to C. latilabre, but rather larger, and with many
more carinations on the lowest whorl, and the inner peristome
crenated instead of simply angled ; the swelling near the aperture
is peculiar to those two species, and somewhat as in Alyceus, but
in a less marked degree.”’ (eddome.)

The specimen figured is in the general collection of the British
Museum.

200. Cyathopoma vitreum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jer dma) vitreum, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 449,
pl. 53, tigs. 21, 22; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259.

Cyathopoma vitreum, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 145, fig. 9; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda,
pai; Preiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 379.

Cyathopoma (s. str, ) vitreum, Kobelt & Mollendorf, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

Cyathopoma ( Cyathopoma) vitreum, Kobelt, Das ‘Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 224.

Original description:— Shell openly umbilicate, depresso-
turbinate, or rather subdiscoidal, the spire scarcely raised, whitish,
of a shining glass-like texture, without any epidermis ; whorls 4
the lowest ioe not descending, angulari-convex, with phred
spiral prominently raised costulations round the region of the
periphery, and one between them and the umbilical - region, the
upper portion nearest the suture non-lirate, or sometimes a ‘fifth
line is there present, penultimate angulari- -convex, bilirate, the
two apical whorls very small; umbilical region spirally lirate
within; aperture a little obliq ue, subcireular ; peristome single,
thin; operculum double, pik a very small central transparent
nucleus, a little concave externally from the margins being
slightly raised, outer layer less shelly than usual: greatest
diameter ,)> inch [1:75 mm.], height 54 inch [1:15 mm. 1: ”

Hab. India: Sivagherry Mountains, Tinnevelly District, 1000 ft.
elevation (Beddome).

‘This comes nearest to C. album; but numerous specimens of
all ages show no sign of any epidermis, and it is of a more depressed
form, and of a glassy rather than a horny texture; the operculum
is much less concave and scarcely shelly.” (Beddome.)

144 CYCLOPHORID &.

201. Cyathopoma wynaadense, Blanford.

Cyathopoma wynaadense, Blanford, Journ, Conchyl. xvi, 1868,
p. 259, pl. 12, fig. 3; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p- 24; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) wynaadense, Kobelt & Méllendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
0. 32.

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) wynaadense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 224.

Original description :—“ Testa aperte umbilicata, turbinata,
spiraliter lirata, albida, epidermide tenui, fuscescenti, striatula, in-
duta. Spira conica, apice subacuto; sutura profunda. Antr. 43-5
rotundati, juxta suturam Jevigati, ultimus teres, lineis plerumque
4 elevatis ad peripheriam cinctus, subtus levigatus, circum umbil-
icum perspectivam intus confertissime lratum yvix compressus.
Apertura parum obliqua, circularis, vix sinuata ; peristoma duplex,
externum, expansum, internum vix porrectum. Operculum?

“Diam. maj. 3, min, 2) “alt. 3. Apert. intus) seen
(Llanford.)

Hab. India: Wynaad, Nilgiris. Closely allied to C. deccanense.

Subgenus JERDONIA, Blanford.

Jerdonia, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxx, 1861, p. 348 (as genus); id.,
A.M.N.H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 448; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 72; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259 (as
subgenus of Cyathopoma) ; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 82 ;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 224.

Tren, Cyclostoma trochlea, Benson.

Ranye. Southern India, Ceylon, Andamans.

Shell rather narrowly umbilicated (umbilicus rarely covered),
more or less turbinate, ecorneous, smooth or ornamented with spiral
lines. Operculum concentric, multispiral, double, surrounded by a
marginal groove, inner side membranaceous, outer side calcareous.

202. Cyathopoma anamullayanum, Beddome (emend.).
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) anamallayanum, Beddome, P. Z. 5. 1875,
p. 446, pl. 52, fig. 15; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 224.
Cyathopoma anamallayanum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876,
p. 880; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. 11.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) anamullayanum, Wobelt & Mollendortf,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 32

Va.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, turbinate, with a
conical apex, glabrous, with a very inconspicuous vertical striation :
epidermis yellowish, with broad, oblique, bright chestnut vertical
bands, white beneath the epidermis ; whorls 6, convex, with deep
sutures, and very faint spiral lines, generally visible on the two
to three lower whorls under a powerful glass; the lowest whorl
somewhat flattened below and keeled round the umbilical vegion,

CYATHOPOMA, 145

which is white and striated within, and less open than in C. mala-
baricum ; aperture alittle oblique, oblong ; peristome, when adult,
double, not dilated, continuous, before maturity simple, thin, and
a little interrupted at the apex, where it touches the penultimate
whorl; operculum a little retracted, a little concave externally
trom the slight elevation of the margin of the outer shelly portion,
closely multispiral, with a moderate transparent nucleus: length
‘ inch [3°5 mm.], greatest diameter 3 inch [38 mm.].” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: Anamullay Hills, 6000 ft.; Pulney Hills, 6000 ft.

It is stated to bea glabrous species with markings similar to those
found in C. malabaricwm ; but it is much larger and more conical,
not at all depressed, less prominently striated, the umbilicus
differently shaped, and with a different operculum.

203. Cyathopoma ceylanicum, Beddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) ceylanicum, Beddome, P. Z.S. 1875, p. 450,
pl. 52, fig. 20; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259 (ceylonieum) ;
Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 225.

Cyathopoma ceylanicum, H. Nevill, Enum, Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 6; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 145,
fig. 8; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 381.

Jerdonia ceylanica, Jousseaume, Mém. Soe. Zool. France, vii, 1894,
p- 308.

Original description :— Shell prominently umbilicated, turbi-
nate, with a conical blunt apex, inconspicuously spirally lirate,
epidermis glabrous, yellowish, with obliquely vertical bright chest-
nut bands and a very inconspicuous vertical striation; whorls 5,
convex or subangular, the lowest with two inconspicuous lines or
ribs along the region of the periphery, and sometimes a third still
more obsolete between them and the suture ; penultimate with two
carinations, the lower one almost touching the suture and some-
times obsolete, antepenultimate inconspicuously unicarinate ; um-
bilieus somewhat angled at the entrance, smooth within ; aperture
nearly vertical, circular ; peristome subdouble, continuous, incon-
spicuously angled or crenated at the exit of the two carinations
of the lowest whorl; operculum as in C. anamallayanum : length
T inch [2°75 mm.], greatest diameter 3 inch [3 mm. |.”

Hab. Ceylon: Rambaddi waterfalls (Leddome).

“Very like C. anamallayanum, but distinguished under the
lens by its much more prominent though still inconspicuous cari-
nation; it is also of greater diameter with reference to its
length.” (Beddome.)

In 1871 H. Nevill published a Cyathopoma ceylanicum in his
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, but no description or figure was
given and Beddome’s name is consequently not thereby in-
yalidated.

L

146 CYCLOPHORID ®.

204. Cyathopoma colletti, Sy/es.

Jerdonia trochlea (non Benson), Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 1565, figs. 5, 6.

Cyathopoma colletti, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. ili, 1898, p. 159,
pl. 10, figs. 1, 1 ac (shell), figs. 1 d, Le (operculum); Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 156; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 104.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) colletti, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 225, figs. 47 6, 47 ¢ (operculum).

Original description :—“ Testa dextrorsa, elevata, pyramidalis,
mediocriter et perspective umbilicata, cornea, strigis castaneis
obliquis picta; anfr. 44, convexi, regulariter accrescentes, primi
leves, reliqui spiraliter lirati, ultimus duabus liris, unica ad
peripheriam, altera basali, ornata in regione umbilicari levi
impressa ; sutura impressa; apertura subcircularis. Diam. max.
1-1, alt. 1 mm.; spec. maj. diam. 1-5, alt. 1:2 mm.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon: Eton Estate, Punduloya, 4000 ft. (Collett).

‘This species may easily be separated from the other known
species of Ceylon by the fact that it is smooth save for the two
distinct spiral lire on the last whorl, of which only one appears
on the earlier whorls, and by the difference in its coloration.

“The operculum is very remarkable: seen from without it
appears as aring of foliaceous lamine standing up and surround-
ing a deep central pit.” (Sykes.)

205. Cyathopoma conoideum, Sykes.
Cyathopoma conoideum, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. ili, 1898, p. 159,

pl. 10, fig. 3; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxxi, 1899, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 104.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) conoideum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 225.

Original description :—‘ Vesta dextrorsa, valde elevata, tro-
choidalis, mediocriter et perspective umbilicata, periostraco
brunnea induta, apice acutulo; anfr. 7, lente accrescentes, plano-
convexi, primi leves, reliqui obsolete spiraliter lirati, ultimus liris
duabus, uniea in medio, altera infra, ornatus, fere levis in regione
umbilicari; sutura valde impressa; apertura subcircularis, basi
recedens, continua, peristomate leviter incrassato. Alt. 2°6, lat.
15 mim.”

Hab. Ceylon: Binoya, Watawala (Colleté).

‘“‘A very interesting form, remarkable for its troehoid shape (it
is almost turreted in form, owing to the deeply impressed suture)
and obsolete spiral lire.” (Sykes.)

206. Cyathopoma elatum, Beddome.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) elatum, Beddome, P. Z.S. 1875, p. 448,
pl. 52, fig. 19; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id.,

CYATHOPOMA. 147

Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 225.

Cyathopoma elatum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 382.

Original description :—“ Shell narrowly umbilicated, ovato-
pyramidal, spirally lirate, epidermis brownish, furnished with
distant prominent vertical striz and a fine very minute striation
also present between them ; spire conical, apex subacute, sutures
deep; whorls 5, rounded, furnished with numerous rather close
spiral costulations, continuous down to the ribbed umbilical region ;
aperture vertical, circular; peristome double, the inner one con-
tinuous, quite entire or very inconspicuously crenate, outer more
or less expanded and reflexed, continuous all round except at the
left apex, where it comes into contact with the base of the penul-
timate whorl ; operculum as in C. procerum &e.: height } inch [8
mm. |], greatest breadth 75 inch [2:5 mm.].”

Hab. India: Golconda Hills, Vizagapatam District, 3000 ft.
elevation (Beddome).

“Very near C. procerum, but with rather a different epidermis
and more ovate, having a broader base.” (Beddome.)

207. Cyathopoma imperforatum, Nevill.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) imperforatum, Nevill, J. A.S.B. 1, 1881,
p. 145; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32; Kobelt, Das Tier-
reich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 226.

Nevill states that it is at once distinguished by its being the
only described species of the genus with an imperforate base ;
although he hoped to give a figure and more detailed description
later on, he never appears to have done so. He referred the
“probably new species” from the Anamullay Hills at 6600 ft.,
mentioned by Beddome in Proce. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 449, under C.
elatum to his species. His specimen was received from Beddome.

Alt. 24, diam. 2 mill.

Hab. India: Anamullay Hills (Beddome).

208. Cyathopoma innocens, Sykes.
Cyathopoma innocens, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 29, pl. 2,
fio. 2.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) innocens, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 226.

Original description :-—* Testa turrita, elongato-pyramidalis,
perspectiva umbilicata, apice obtusulo; anfr. 44-5, lente accresc-
entes, valde convexi, sub lente lineis incrementibus parvis
notati, sutura valde impressa; apertura circularis ; operculum
multispirale, medio concavum. Alt. 1°65, diam. 1:2 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon: Eton Estate, Punduloya, 4000 ft. ( Co//ett).

»)
LZ

148 CYCLOPHORID®.

“This minute speck, which appears to be adult, has no salient
characters. The periostracum seems absent and there is no sculp-
ture beyond the lines of growth; the suture is very deep and the
whorls very convex. It belongs to the group of C. turbinatwm,
Sykes, but it is much smaller, and more elevated in proportion to
its breadth ; the umbilicus is also narrower.” (Sykes.)

209. Cyathopoma malabaricum, Blanfoid.

Cyclotus malabaricus, Blanford, J. A.S.B, xxix, 1860, p. 125;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 82.

Cyathopoma malabaricum Blanford, A. M.N.H. ser. 5, xiii, 1864,
p. 449; id., Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 261, pl. 12, fig. 7;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 82, figs, 1, 4; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 25; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 258.

Cyathopoma malbaricum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,

). OS.

Cain (Jerdonia) malabaricum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 82; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 226.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa subaperte umbilicata, depresso-
conica, albida, glabra, nitidula, epidermide decidua cornea, ad
anfr. ultimum transverse fusco-strigata, induta; spira conica,
apice acuta; sutura profunda; anfr. 4 rotundati, celeriter
crescentes, ultimus cylindraceus; apertura parum obliqua, circu-
laris, prope umbilicum parum sinuata, superne vix angulata;
perist. duplex, externum brevissime expansum, internum por-
rectum, acutum, continuum ; umbilicus perspectivus. Operculuin
haud immersum, duplex, internum corneum multispirum, externum
testaceum, anfractuum marginibus lamella spirali, albida, scabra ad
antr. externos perelevata et versus centrum incurvata, quasi
convexa, munitis.

“Diam. maj. 37, min. 23, alt. 23, apert. diam. 11 mm.”

Hab. India: Pykara, Nilgiris (Blanford).

“ Nearly allied to Cyclotus filocinctus, Benson, by the peculiarity
of its operculum, this shell is distinguished by its smaller size,
more depressed form, and less expanded peristome, by the absence
of the marked sculpture of C. filocinctus, and by the epidermis
being lighter in colour and marked by brown transverse streaks
on the last whorl. That of C. jilocinctus is hispid.... The
construction of the operculum is very peculiar. The testaceous
spiral jamina being very much more raised towards the exterior
than towards the centre, and being curved inwards, the interior
whorls of the operculum are almost concealed and the appearance,
unless very closely examined, is that of the operculum of a Turbo
hollowed out at the centre. The lamella in C. malabaricus is
rather more elevated than even in C. filocinctus.” (Blanford.)

CYATHOPOMA. 149

210. Cyathopoma natalicium, Godwin-Austen.

Cyathopoma natalicium, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zoo). Soe. 1895,
p. 455, text-fig. D.

Cyathopoma (s. sty.) natalictum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
D. O2. :

Cyathopoma (Cyathopoma) natalicium, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 222.

Original description :—“ Shell dextral, depressedly turbinate ;
openly umbiliecated, flat below, angulate at the umbilicus ; sculpture
smooth above, with very fine regular transverse costulation on the
last whorl, with a strong lirate rib on the periphery ; colour pale
ochraceous; spire low; apex blunt; suture well marked; whorls
45, convex; aperture arcuately circular, subvertical, sinuate on
outer margin, somewhat angular below at the peripheral ribs;
peristome double, continuous.

** Operculum multispiral, elongate, with a deep central depression.

** Major diam. 2°25, alt. axis 1-2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, Nicobars: Camorta.

211. Cyathopoma nitidum, Beddome.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) nitidum, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 445,
pl. 52, fig. 12; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 226.
Cyathopoma nitidum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 381.

Original description: —‘‘Shell inconspicuously umbilicated,
pyramidal, turreted, smooth, shining, of a yellowish olive tint,
apex rather obtuse, sutures deep, a very minute oblique striation
is generally visible under the lens; whorls 5, convex, smooth,
the lowest scarcely descending towards the aperture; aperture
circular; peristome continuous, single, thin; operculum double,
thick, surrounded by a suleate margin, externally very slightly
concave ; the nucleus very large, half the diameter of the circle,
very thin, transparent, shining, destitute of whorls, the outer
portion externally shelly,internally membranaceous, furnished with
an exquisitely close spiral sculpture: length of shell varying from
js [2 mm.] to Linch [3 mm.], breadth of lowest whorl 45 inch
[2 mm.|].”

Hab. India: Anathullay Hills, 6000 ft., South Canara Ghats,
4000 ft. (Beddome).

* A shell of very simple structure, closely allied to Cyclostoima
trochlea, Bens. (Jerdonia, Blanford), but without any carinations,
and a much smaller umbilicus; the opereulum is very similar, but
with a larger transparent nucleus and much more closely wound.

“The operculum of Cyathopoma wynadense, procerum, and
kolamalliense, is very similar to that of this shell, only differing in
being a little more concave externally.” (Beddome.)

150 CYCLOPHORIDA.

212. Cyathopoma ogdenianum, Preston.

Cyathopoma ogdeniana, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, 1909, p. 158,
pl 22;fig. 11.

Original description :—-* Shell turbinate, bearing traces of having
been covered with a brown periostracum, sculptured above with
distant transverse and spiral ridges, the former being absent on
the base of the shell, in which region the latter are more numerous
and less distant: whorls 43, somewhat inflated; sutures deeply
impressed ; umbilicus wide and deep; peristome continuous, thick-
ened, slightly reflexed and double throughout ; aperture circular.

“ Altitude 2°5, diam. maj. 2 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon: Kirklees Estate, Uda Pussellawa (Ogden).

‘¢Tn general outline and sculpture this species may be compared
with C. serendibense, Preston ; the whorls of the present form are,
however, more tumid, the umbilicus is wider and the peristome is
throughout thickened, reflexed and double, which is not the case
with C. serendibense.” ( Preston.)

213. Cyathopoma perconoideum, Preston.

Cyathopoma perconoideum, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, 1909, p. 139,
pl. 22, fig. 9.

Original description :—* Shell elongately conic, white, bearing
traces of having been covered with a light yellowish brown perios-
tracum; whorls 6, convex, sculptured with several spiral lire ;
sutures impressed ; umbilicus very narrow and partly concealed by
the outward expansion of the peristome; peristome continuous,
reflexed in the umbilical region and at the Dae simple at all other
points ; apereure almost circular.

cON It. 2) diam. 0:75 mm, 7

Hab, Ceylon: Bandarawella, prov. of Uva.

“ Allied to Cyathopoma conoidewm, Sykes, but more elongately
conoid in form; the spiral lire are also much more numerous than
in that species. The umbilicus is narrower, being reduced in the
present form to a mere chink; the aperture, moreover, 18 more
nearly circular than in C’. conotdewm.” ( Preston.)

214. Cyathopoma procerum, Blanford.

Cyathopoma procerum, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 262,
pl. 12, fig. 8; Pfeifter, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 26;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875 5, pl. 135, fig. 7 ; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Cyuthopoma (Jerdonia?) procerum, Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,

- 260:

Cerone (Jerdonia) procerum, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 82; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 226.

~~

CYATHOPOMA. 151

Original description :—‘ Testa anguste umbilicata, pyramidata,
spiraliter lirata, albido-cornea, epidermide brunnea, verticaliter
striata, juxta suturam plicata induta. Spira conica, apice acuto ;
sutura valde impressa. Anfr. 5 rotundati, ultimus cylindraceus,
subtus confertim liratus et strigis fuscis transversis signatus.
Apertura subverticalis, circularis, ad basin et juxta umbilicum
leviter sinuata; peristoma incrassatum, subduplex, extus leviter
maculatum.—Operculum retractum, tenne, intus membranaceum,
extus subtestaceum, concavum, anfractuum marginibus vix
elevatis.

« Diam. maj. 2, alt. 23-3; diam. apert. c. perist. 1 mill.”
(Blanford.)

Hah. India: Beypore, Malabar (Fmrbank).

With more elevated spire than the other Indian species. It
appears to be the only one, so far, discovered away from the
mountain districts.

Nevill mentions a var. major (? distinct species) collected by
Beddome in the Anamullays, but he gives no description.

215. Cyathopoma serendibense, /resioi.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) serendibense, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soe.
v, 1908, p. 840, text-fig. 2.

Original description: —‘‘ Shell dextral, conoidal, moderately
perforate, light brown in colour. Whorls 6, the last four spirally
sculptured, the spirals being crossed at right angles by transverse
plications bearing a stout bristly hair at each point of contact.
The earlier whorls are quite smooth. Suture impressed. Peris-
tome simple except where it approaches the columella, in which
region it is reflexed. Aperture circular. Operculum calcareous,
concave, multispiral, the ceatral nucleus being situated at the
bottom of a deep hollow. Alt. 3, diam. 2°5 mm.” (Presion.)

Hab, Ceylon: Lower Uda Pussellawa.

‘* This species appears to be most closely allied to Cyathopoma
ceylanicum, Beddome, from which, however, it is easily distinguished
by its very prominent spiral sculpture, and by its whorls being
much less swollen than is the case in that species.” (Preston.)

216. Cyathopoma tignarium, Benson.

Cyathopoma (?) tignarium, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, xii, 1865,
. 426.

units tignarium, DBlanford, Journ, Conchyl. xvi, 186s,
p. 263, pl. 12, fig. 9; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
pl. 82, figs. 7,10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.
‘yclotus tignarius, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 35.

Lagocheilus tignarius, Godwin-Austen, P. Z. 8. 1895, p. 453.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) tignarium, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachy.
Deuts. Malak..Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899,
p. 32; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 227.

152 CYCLOPHORID®.

Original description :—* CO. testa minuta, umbilicata, turbinato-
conica, liris spiralibus subtus confertioribus cincta, oblique
striatula, sub epidermide luteo-fusca albida; spira conica, apice
obtusiusculo, sutura profunda; anfractibus 5, valde convexis,
ultimo eylindrico; apertura vix obliqua, cireulari; peristomate
continuo, simplici, recto, acuto, ad anfractum penultimum breviter
adherente. Operculo calcareo, medio anguste concavo, nigrescente,
polito, margine lato planato, arctissime spirali.

‘Diam. 2, alt. 22 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab, Andaman Islands (Theobald).

217. Cyathopoma trochlea, Benson.

Cyclostoma trochlea, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 189;
Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 380, pl. 49,
figs. 29, 30.

Cyclostomus trochlea, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 161; id.,
Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 144; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852,
p. 205.

Oyclophorus (Jerdonia) trochlea, W. T. & H. F. Blanford,
J.A. S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 351; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3,
xiii, 1864, p. 448.

Mychopoma trochlea, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 59.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) trochlea, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 259 ;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 227.

Cyathopoma (s. str.) trochleum, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 120; id., Cat. Pnenm. 1899,
p. 32.

Original description :—* Testa anguste umbilicata, pyramidato-
turrita, glabra, albida, apice obtusiusculo, sutura impressa ;
anfractibus 5, angulato-convexis, superne 1 carinatis, ultimo
tricarinato, carino | superiori, 1 submediana, 1 cireum umbilicari ;
apertura obliqua, circulari, ? longitudinis equante; peristomate
acuta, ad finem carine inferioeris vix angulato; umbilico pervio.

‘“‘ Diam. 2, long. 3 mill.”

Hab. India: Nilgiris (Jerdon, Blanford).

‘This minute shell is singular in its turrited form, and in the
arrangement of its keels, which gives a flat cylindrical appearance
to the periphery of the lower whorl.” (enson.)

218. Cyathopoma turbinatum, Sykes.

Cyathopoma turbinatum, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. 11, 1597, p. 256,
pl. 16, figs. 15, 16; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 104.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) turbinatum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 227.

Original description:—* Testa dextrorsa, depresso-pyramidalis,
late et perspective umbilicata, periostraco brunneo levissime
induta, apice obtusula; anfr. 5, celeriter accrescentes, leviter et
obsolete spiraliter carinata, in umbilico lirati, ultimus carinis

CYATHOPOMA. 153

obsoletis quator, duabus supra et unica sub peripheriam, unica
major ad peripheriam, liris sex (?) in umbilico ; sutura impressa ;
apertura circularis. Alt. 2°2, lat. 2°5 mm.”

Hab, Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

‘At first sight this shell might be taken for a variety of
C. shevaroyanum, Beddome, from the Salem district, to which it
is very nearly allied. It is, however, smaller, differs in the
relative proportion of height to breadtn (a specimen I have of
C. shevaroyanum measures : alt. 2°3, lat. 3 mm.), and is of a
thinner texture. The carinations above are also not so strongly
marked, while the lire in the umbilicus are stronger and appear
to be more numerous.” (Sy/es.)

219. Cyathopoma uvaense, Preston.
Cyathopoma uvaense, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. iii, 1909, p. 189,
pl. 22, fig. 10.

Original description :—* Shell conoidal, greyish white, covered
with a smooth chocolate-coloured periostracum, sculptured with
fine spiral somewhat distant lire; whorls 44, shouldered above,
moderately convex; sutures impressed; umbilicus wide and
deep; peristome almost continuous, white, very slightly reflexed ;
aperture subcircular.

«Alt. 3, diam. major 3°5, aperture, alt. 1, diam. 1 mm.”
(Preston. )

Hab, Ceylon: Bandarawella, Province of Uva.

Subgenus PSEUDOJERDONIA, Kobelt.
Pseudojerdonia, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 227.
Typn, (lst species) Cyathopoma garocnse, Godwin- Austen.

Range. India: Assam.

Differs from the Southern-Indian species of Cyathopoma in the
thick operculum, excavated in the centre, resembling that of
Alycceus,

Systematic position uncertain. Kobelt thought it might have
to be referred to Alycceus.

220. Cyathopoma garoense, Godwin- Austen.
Cyathopoma garoense, Godwin-Austen, J.A.S. B. xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 188.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) garvense, Nevill, Haud List, i, 1878, p. 260.
Cyathopoma (Pseudojerdonia) garoense, obelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 228.

Original description :— Shell openly umbilicated, turbinate,
white, multilirate. Whorls 5, well rounded; there are six well
marked longitudinal ribs on the last whorl, the interval between
the 4th, 5th, and 6th being wider than that between the ribs
above. Succeeding these below near the umbilicus ean be counted

154 CYCLOPHORID#.

eight very close lines of ribbing; the whole surface between this
ribbing is sharply and regularly striate, giving it rather a lace-like
appearance. Spire conoid, apex high and papillate. Peristome
simple, quite circular, single. Operculum ex <posed in front close
to the margin of the aperture, multispiral, flat in front, thick
and shelly in ap Deere ces Animal not observed.

“Alt. 0-08 [2 mm.], major diam. 0-09 in. [2:25 mm.].” (Godwin-
Austen.)

Hab, India: South Garo Hills, South Jaintia Hills, Assam
(Godwin-Austen).

Is stated to be very like C. deccanense in the sculpture and
position of the operculum.

221. Cyathopoma jawaiense, Godwin-Ausien.
Cyathopoma jawaiensis, Godwin-Austen, J.A.S.B. xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 182, pl. 8 a, fig. 6.
Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) jawaiense, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 260.

Cyathopoma (Pseudojerdonia) jawaiense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 228.

Original description :—* Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbinate,
covered with a dark umber epidermis. Whorls 42, rail rounded,
with four well raised longitudinal ribs on the last, three shewing
on the whorls above. Spire conical, apex papillate, Peristome
simple, lip thin; aperture circular, the lirate ribbing extending up
to the peristome so as to give it on the exterior margin an
angular outline. Operculum pure white, situated close to the
margin of the aperture, deeply concave in front, many whorled,
with a small dark spot in the centre.

“ Alt. 0°07 [1:75 mm.], major diam. 0-06 in. [1:5 mm.].

“The animal has long pointed pale tentacles, with the eyes on
the upper outer basal margin. The labial ribbon is very similar
to that of Diplommatina, all the teeth being fiye-cuspid in the
usual arrangement 3-1-3, with the central rather broad.”
(Godwin- Austen.) :

Hab. India: Jawai, Naga Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

222. Cyathopoma nevilli, Godwin-Austen.
Cyathopoma nevilli, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p. 182, pl. 8 4, fie. 5.
Cyathopoma (P. seudojer donia) nevilli, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902 *) 519 : Bs 98.

Original description :— Shell elongately turbinate, very closely
umbilicated, covered with an olivaceous epidermis. W horls s 54,
rounded with four well marked spiral ribs and one basal near the
umbilicus. Apex blunt. Aperture rounded, peristome simple,
continuous, very slightly thickened and reflected, operculum well
within the aperture, slightly concave, minutely multispiral, with
a large central plain area.

MYCHOPOMA. 135

“A very large specimen measures alt. 0-11 [2° 8 mm. |, major
diam. 0:08 [2 mm.], but some are only 0:07 in. [1°75 mm.] im alt.
Animal not observed.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Khasi and Naga Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

Genus MYCHOPOMA, Blanford.
Mychopoma, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxviii, 1869, p. 151; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 45; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,
p- 260 (as subgenus of Cyathopoma) ; Fischer, Man. Conchyl.

1885, p. 745 (as. section of Cyathopoma) ; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 228.

Typp, Mychopoma hirsutum, Blanford.

Range. India, Comoros, New Guinea.

Shell turbinate, generally covered with a thick, brown, hairy
periostracum ; aperture sometimes crenulated within. Operculum
flat or nearly so, rather thick, with a marginal sulcation ; composed
of an external caleareous and an internal membranaceous layer,
both multispiral and united by a spiral lamina at right angles to
them, the spaces between the whorls vacant.

223. Mychopoma hirsutum, Blanford.

Mychopoma hirsutum (Beddome MS.), Blanford, J. A. iS. Jb:
Xxxvill, 1869, p. 152, pl. 16, figs. 5-5 6 (shell), 5c, 5 d (oper-
culum); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 136, figs. 1,4;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 46; Theobald,
J.A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 185; id., Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 38; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, S97 +p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 82; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902, p. 229.

Cyathopoma (Mychopoma) hirsutum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 260.

Original description :—<*‘ Shell umbilicated, depressly turbinate,
rather solid, covered with a thick dark coloured epidermis, which
has strong raised decussated sculpture of spiral ridges and very
close oblique costulation; at the periphery and around the
umbiligus there is a fringe of close, rather long hairs, and the
outer series coutinued on the inner whorls forms a sutural fringe
also. Beneath the epidermis the shell is white with decussating
lines, the spiral sculpture being more pronounced and the
ribbing corresponding to the lines of growth less so than
outside the epidermis. Spire convexly conoid, the apex
prominent and papillar, suture deep, nearly concealed by the
hairy fringe within. Whorls 5-53, convex, the last cylindrical,
descending but very little in front. Umbilicus pervious, exhibi-
ting all the whorls, spirally ribbed, partly covered by the
surrounding hairy fringe. Aperture diagonal, round, rather
milky inside, with dark horizontal lines corresponding to the
spiral ribs on the shell; the peristome is thick and double, curved
backwards near the umbilicus, the mternal portion with minute

156 CYCLOPHORID ®.

pearly denticulations, largest on the outer (dextral) margin and
gradually decreasing slightly in size on the upper and_ basal
edges, vanishing entirely near the umbilicus; the external
peristome is slizhtly expanded, the edge cut into minute teeth
like those of a saw except on the inner or columellar margin.
Opereulum externally slightly concave, white, calcareous ; ie
spiral sculpture obsolete near the centre in old specimens ;
internally membranaceous.

“¢ Major diameter 53, minor 7, axis 53, diameter of the aperture
34 millim.” (Blanford.)

“Hab. India: Calcad Hills, Travancore (Beddome, Bourdillon) ;
Tinnevelly Hills (Beddome).

“This is a very curious and interesting species which, while
differing in many respects from any known form, has marked
affinities with shells belonging to distinct groups. Had the shell
been discovered without the operculum, there could have been
very little hesitation in considering it a large form of Cyathopoma ;
the sculpture and general shape are precisely those of the types of
that genus, and in some species, such as Cyathopoma filocinctum,
there is a thick epidermis, and also the very singular internal
erenulation of the mouth, which is more marked in the present
shell than in any allied species. The operculum, however, is
totally different: instead of the whorls having the curious raised
and inecurved edges so characteristic of Cyathopoma they are flat
and almost obsolete near the centre, on the outer surface, being
far less distinct than in typical species of Cyclotus.

“The hairy fringe around both the periphery and the umbilicus
so closely resembles that in Cyclophorus (Craspedotropis) cuspidatus,
Bens., that there can be no question of a certain allinity between
the two species, and there is considerable resemblance in their
general form. The apertures, however, differ greatly, and there
are marked distinctions in the operculum.” (Blanford.)

224. Mychopoma limbiferum, Blanford.

Mychopoma limbiferum, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxviil, 1869, p. 155,
pl. 16, figs. 4-4 6 (shell), 4e, 4d (operculum), Pp: 131, text-fig. 1
(dentition) Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, . pl. 136,
figs. 2,3; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p.45; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38; Thiele, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ene 5S. Gal 1901, p- 91; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 2

ees (Mychopoma) limbiferum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 260.

Lagochilus (s. str.) limbiferum, Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 85; id., Cat. Pneum., 1899,
pe Li.

Original description :—* Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbinate,
thin, covered with a thick deciduous, yellowish esr epidermis,
with dark spiral and oblique stripes or more frequently perhaps
altogether dark brown, with a fringe of short hairs round the

MYCHOPOMA. nS 7/

umbilicus; beneath the epidermis, the shell is white with close
spiral sculpture. In some specimens, as in JV. hirsutum, there
are oblique raised lines outside the epidermis, but they are not
always conspicuous. Spire conical, suture deep. Whorls 5),
convex, the last cylindrical, scarcely descending towards the
aperture which is oblique and nearly circular. The peristome is
much curved back, near the umbilicus, where it is almost simple
and scarcely expanded: elsewhere the outer portion is sharply
reversed, forming a broad rim at right angles to the axis of the
whorl on the outer and basal margins, while near the penultimate
whorl it is produced in front. The inner portion of the peristome
scarcely projects beyond the outer; it is corrugated within, but
not nearly so strongly or closely as in MV. hirsutum, and the
corrugation is very faint towards the base, and entirely wanting
at the angle of the aperture and on the columellar margin.
Operculum thinner than in the last species, and the calcareous
external portion less developed, and entirely wanting at the centre,

‘Major diam. 53-7, minor 43-6, axis 44-54, apert. diam. intus
2-23 millim.”

Hab. India: Pulney Hills, 7000 ft. (Fairbank).

“A very different shell from the last, being much higher in the
spire, with a broader edge to the mouth. The name is taken from
the last peculiarity.” (Blanford.)

225. Mychopoma seticinctum, Leddome.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) seticinctum, Beddome, P.Z. S. 1875, p. 449,
pl. 53, figs. 23, 24.

Cyathopoma seticinctum, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876,
p- 882; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. ii.

Mychopoma_ seticinctum, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p- xii; Kobelt & Mdéllendorft, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. ex
1898, p. 120; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 32; Kobelt, Das Tier-
reich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 280, fig. 48 (p. 228).

Original description :—* Shell moderately umbilicate, turbinate,
rather solid, spirally lirate, furnished with a brownish epidermis,
which has a minute vertical striation, very hairy along the
periphery, and slightly so about the sutures, but otherwise
glabrous, white beneath the epidermis; spire conical (not convex
or depressed, as in C. hirsutum); whorls 6, convex, sutures deep,
the lowest terete, descending a little rather suddenly in front,
with 12-15 continuous raised spiral costulations between the
suture and the keel of the umbilical region, two of which at the
region of the periphery are more raised than the others, and
furnished with very long patent dark brown hairs, and between
these two there are one or rarely two less prominent beardless
costulations, penultimate with six to seven costulations, the upper
and lower sutures slightly hairy, antepenultimate with five or six,
and the whole above it with two or three less prominent lines, the
two apical whorls small and nearly smooth; umbilicus pervious,
exhibiting all the whorls, not surrounded with a hairy fringe

158 CYCLOPHORID.&®.

outside (as in C. hirsutum), spirally ribbed within, and there
furnished with a strong raised thread-like sinuate or curved
sculpture (more prominent than that in the same region of
C. hirsutum) ; aperture oblique, subcircular ; peristome thick,
double, the inner one pearly white inside and crenated (but less
prominently than in C. hirsutum), outer one dilated on its outer
and lower margins, particularly at its right apex and left base, and
somewhat reflexed, more or less sinuate (but not with prominent
crenations as seen in C. hirsutum); operculum double, externally
concave, shelly, with a small transparent central nucleus: height
2 inch [6:25 mm.], greatest diameter ;*; inch [8 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Banks of Sholayar, Anamullay Mountains, 2000 ft.
elevation (Beddome).

“ Nearly allied to Mychopoma hirsutum, but not furnished with
the same curious, raised, thread-like epidermis, except within the
umbilicus, and without any umbilical fringe; it is, besides, a
smaller, differently shaped shell, and differs in other minor points.
It has exactly the operculum of J. hirsutum.” (Beddome.)

Subfamily PUPININ A.
Section PUPINELLE.

Genus PSEUDOPOMATIAS, Mollendorff.

Pomatias (part.), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 169.
Pseudopomatias, Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xvii, 1885,
p. 164; id., Jahrb. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xiii, 1886, p. 177 ; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 141; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 87; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
. 272.
Fargesia, Heude, Journ. Conchyl. xxxiv, 1886, p. 211.

Tyrer, P. amenus, Mollendorff.

Range. India: Himalayas. Farther India, 8. China.

Shell, turreted pyramidal, in form and sculpture resembling
Cochlostoma, regularly ribbed; aperture slightly oblique; oper-
culum thin, membranaceous, rather closely coiled.

226. Pseudopomatias grandis, Godwin-Austen.
Pomatias grandis, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xly, part 2, 1876,
p. 181, pl. 7, fig. 18; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 255.
Pseudepomatias grandis, Mollendorft, Jahrb. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xiii, 1886, p. 179; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 141; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 37; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 2738.

Original description :—“ Shell dextral, perforate, turreted,
rather swollen below, solid, with moderately strong close
costulation throughout, smooth on the penultimate whorl above
the aperture, very close fine ribbing behind the aperture;
covered with a thin epidermis; grey corneous or pale ochreous,

PSEUDOPOMATIAS. 159

Spire rapidiy decreasing to apex. Whorls 9, slightly convex, the
last rounded below. Aperture vertical, circular. Peristome
double, thickened, reflected, continuous, slightly angular at upper
outer margin. Operculum thin, horny, indistinctly spiral in
some specimens.

Alt. 0°55 [14 mm.], diam. 0°20 [5 mm.,], diam. ap. 0°17 in.
[4 mm. ].”

Hlab. India: Shengorh Peak, Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-
Austen).

“Its very large size distinguishes it at once from P. himalayane
and P. pleurophor us, but it also differs in its more tumid form,
the greater number of its whorls, its rounder aperture without
the distinct small notch, and in not being so strongly costulated.”
( Godwin- Austen. )

227. Pseudopomatias himalaye, Benson.

Pomatias himalaye, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, ii, 1859, p. 123 ;
Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, p. 266, pl. 259, fies. 19, 20;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 169; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 7, fig. 9; Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch.
er, 1, iv, 1S71, py 14) pier esd 18,

Pomatias himalayane, Godwin-Austen, J pA) Or dee xv, part),2:
1876, p. 181.

Pomatias himalayana, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. a 1876, p. 41.

Pomatias himalayanus, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 255.

12: seudopomuatias himalaye, Millendorff, Jahrb. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xiii, 1886, p. 178; Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., One Poeun. 1899, p. 38; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- 278 ; Godwin- Austen, Ree. Ind.
Mus. viii, 1917, p. 579, text-fig. 6D.

Original description :—‘ Testa perforata, attenuato -turrita,
solidiuscula, oblique confertim crassicostata, albida, epidermide
tenul pi: allide cornea induta; spira elongato - turrita, sensim
decrescente, apice obtuso, sutura impressa ; 7ahimenibns 7-8 con-
vexiusculis, ultimo rotundato, costis remotioribus nonnullis
intervenientibus, mox desinentibus, pone aperturam munito;
apertura verticali, ovato-rotundata; peristomate duplici, incras-
sato, externo expanso reflexiusculo, interno continuo, superne ad
angulum parietalem fissura minime profunda diviso. Operculo
tenuissimo, membranaceo, translucente, paucispirato.

“Long. 53-10, diam. 23-4 mill. Apertura majoris 3 mill.
longa, 23 lata.” ( Benson.)

Hab. India: Darjeeling, 7000 ft., Rungun Valley, 4000 ft.
(Blanford); Toruputu and Shengorh Peaks, Dafla Hills (God-
win-Austen).

228. Pseudopomatias luyorensis, Godwin-Austen.
Pseudopomatias luyorensis, Godwin-Austen, Ree. Ind. Mus. viii,
1917, p. 578, text-fig. 5 B.
Original description :—“ Shell perforate, elongately fusiform,
turreted. somewhat tumid, solid; sculpture fine close and regular
costulation ; colour pale umber brown; spire high, sides flatly

160 CYCLOPHORID &.

donvex, apex pointed; suture impressed ; whorls 7, sides convex ;
aperture circular, vertical ; peristome closely double, continuous,
the outer much expanded on the lower columellar side.
‘“¢ Major diameter 4°75, alt. axis 11°25 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)
Hab. India: Luyor, Abor Hills (Oakes).

229. Pseudopomatias peguensis, /’heobald.

Pomatias peguense, Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xxxiii, 1864, p. 248.

Pomatias peguensis, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, p. 4,
pl. 7, fig. 8; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 419; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 255.

Pseudopomatias peguensis, Mollendorff, Jahrb, Deuts. Malak. Ges,
xiii, 1886, p. 179; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts, Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 88; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 274.

Original description :—‘ Testa anguste sive obtecte umbilicata,
turrita, costulate striata, translucente, flavescente-cornea. Apice
obtuso, levi. Anfractibus septem sive octo, tumidis, lente cres-
centibus. Apertura sub-circulari. Peristomate duplici, extra
brevissime expanso, intus continuo, crasso, juxta suturam leviter
inciso. Operculo tenui corneo.

“Long. 10, lat. 3°5 mills. Apertura 2°5 mills.” (Theobald.)

Hab. Burma: Limestone Hill near Gwa, Pegu (Theobald).

230. Pseudopomatias pleurophorus, Benson.

Bulimus pleurophorus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,
p- 329; Pfeiffer, Mon. Helic. iv, 1859, p, 474.

Pomatias pleurophorus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 38, ili, 1859,
p. 183; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 169; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 7, fig. 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 181; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 254.

Pseudopomatias pleurophorus, Mollendorff, Jahrb. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xiii, 1886, p. 178; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 38;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 274.

Original description :— Testa subperforata, ovato-pyramidata,
costis verticalibus validis confertis, interstitiis nitentibus, munita,
albida; spira elongato-conica, apice obtusulo, sutura profundius-
cula; anfractibus 74 convexis, ultimo 7 teste equante, ad basin
rotundato; apertura subcirculari; peristomate recto, acuto, margine
columellari reflexiusculo, dextro arcuato.

“ Long. 8, diam. 33 mill.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Lheobald).

231. Pseudopomatias siyomensis, Godwin-Austen.

Pseudopomatias siyomensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus, viii,
1917, p. 578, text-figs. 5 a, 6c.

Original description :—“ Shell perforate, elongately turreted,

attenuate, solid; sculpture well-defined strong costulation, more

NODOPOMATTIAS, 161

pronounced and distant on last whorl ; colour white; an old well-
grown shell; spire long, sides flatly convex, fining to the apex
which is sharp; suture impressed ; whorls 9, flatly convex ; aper-
ture circular, vertical ; peristome double, inner thickened, a slight
nick on the upper sutural margin.

‘‘ Major diameter 4°4, alt. axis 12-2 mm.’

Hab. India: Siyom, Abor Hills epee

‘“Has much the shape of P. grandis of the Dafla Hills, but

has much stronger costulation.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Genus NODOPOMATIAS, nom. mut.*

Eupomatias, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind, Mus. viii, 1917, p. 579 (non
Eupomatias, Wagner, 1897).

TyPE, Hupomatias sibbumensis, Godwin-Austen.

Range. India: Abor Hills.

‘Shell in all respects similar to Psewdopomatias, with similar
costulation ; peristome double, well developed, perforate, the
costulation on the left side of the last whorl terminates upon a
strong raised keel bounding the umbilical region; this keel
extends up to the peristome on the lower basal side of the
aperture.”

“The keel has a knotted or beaded appearance, and it would
seem that the mantle edge must develop a close fold, the costula-
tion causing an irregular thickening of the peristome as it is
added to.” (Godwin-Austen.)

232. Nodopomatias oakesi, Godwin-Austen.

Eupomatias oakesi, Godwin-Austen, Ree. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
p. 580, text-figs. 5D, 6 B.

Original description :—** Shell narrowly perforate, eclongately
turreted, solid, shiny; sculpture close regular fine ribbing, on
the last whorl in front only seen near suture, then becoming quite
smooth; colour ruddy umber-brown in type, pale ochraceous in
two others ; spire elongate, sides slightly convex, apex rather
blunt; suture impressed; whorls 7, flatly convex; aperture
circular, angulate above; peristome thickened, closely double,
continuous ae behind on the columella margin, high up there
isa very strong umbilical keel much curved, which terminates
just behind the peristome on the lower left margin; it shows
white against the brown colour of the shell, and is quite bead-like
and raised; operculum horny, flat in front, multispiral, nucleus
central.

** Major diameter 3°75, alt. axis 11 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes).

* Tn allusion to the knotted appearance of the basal keel.
M

162 CYCLOPHORIDR,

238. Nodopomatias sibbumensis, Godwin-Austen. —

Eupomatias sibbumensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. vii, 1917,
p- 079, text-figs. 5c, 6A.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell scarcely perforate, elongately
turreted, solid; sculpture strong regular close costulation, which
on last whorl terminates at the umbilical keel; colour not seen,
shell bleached; spire elongate, sides nearly flat, apex pointed ;
suture shallow; whorls 9, sides flatly convex; aperture nearly
circular, vertical; peristome double, continuous, the inner
expanded and slightly reflected on the left side; a well-marked
umbilical keel commences on the lower side of the last whorl
in front and curving to the left extends to the lower margin
behind the aperture.

“* Major diameter 5:8, alt. axis 14-5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Sibbum, Yamne Valley, Abor Hills ( Oakes).

Genus RHAPHAULUS, Pfeiffer.

Anaulus (non Ehrenberg, 1844), Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855,
p. 105; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 342; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 286; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885,
p. 741 (as subgenus of Pupina).

Rhaphaulus, Pfeitter, Novit. Conch. ser. 1, 1, 1856, p. 75; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 90; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, iv,
1859, p. 94 (animal); Blanford, A. M.N. U1. ser. 3, xii, 1863, p. 55
(Raphaulus) (animal) ; Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii,
1867, p. 154; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. 1870, p. 151 (animal) ; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p.301 ; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 1, 1886, p. 196; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; Smith, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 17 ;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 38; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p, 274.

Pollicaria (part.), Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vi, 1856,
p. 14.

Streptaulus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 201 ; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 92; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3,
xii, 1864, p. 459; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 741 (as sub-
genus of Pupina); Kobelt & Mollendortt, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 38 (as subgenus
of Rhaphaulus) ; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 277.

Types, Anaulus bombycinus, Pfeiffer.

Range. India, Farther India, Borneo.

Sheil umbilicated, elongate ovate or cylindrical, generally some-
what depressed, with a dark periostracum ; peristome thiekened,
double, provided with two tubes, open at both ends, one on the
columellar margin, the other at the suture. Operculum thin,
corneous, narrowly coiled, slightly concave.

Col. Godwin-Austen (l.c. p. 196) considers that Streptaulus
cannot be regarded as generically or even subgenerically distinct,
as he found the animal did not differ from that of Rhaphaulus,

RHAPHAULUS, 163

the chief point of difference being confined to a single character —
the position and form of the sutural tube at its terminal end.
The form of this tube appears to vary even in the same species,
being sometimes upright, at others directed downwards.

234, Rhaphaulus aborensis, Godwin- Austen.

Raphaulus aborensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
p. 571, text-fig. 2'c.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell elongately cylindrical, solid, not
flattened in front, closely rimate; sculpture regularly and very
closely costulate ; colour bleached ; spire high, rather inclined to
the right, apex pointed ; suture moderately impressed; whorls 6,
swollen, sides convex; aperture circular; peristome thickened,
continuous, the sutural tube turns obliquely downward from the
upper outer margin and widens out gradually ; in two specimens
out of four it is horizontal.

“¢ Major diameter 7:25, minor 7:0, alt. axis 14:0 mm.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes); Miri Hills (Wahab & Lewis).

Four specimens from Rotung are stated to be smaller and more
tumid, the largest measuring 12°5 x 6°5 mm.

235. Rhaphaulus assamicus, Godwin-Austen.

Rhaphaulus assamica, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 201, pl. 47, tig. 2; Smith, Proc. Malac. Soc.
ili, 1898, p. 18.

Rhaphaulus assamicus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 388; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 275.

Raphaulus assamica, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
p- 570, text-tig. 1 a.

Original description :—* Shell elongately cylindrical, solid, rather
tumid, flattened on the frontal surface of the penultimate whorl ;
sculpture regularly closely costulate; colour dull umber-brown ;
suture moderately impressed; whorls 6, penultimate the largest
with sides flat, the next much smaller and convex; aperture
perpendicular; peristome very thick, double, both continuous,
but the outer only has a thin callus on the whorl.

“The sutural tube has its origin on the upper outer margin
close upon the outer lip, is colourless, and turns sharp downwards
behind it, extending to nearly the height of the last whorl. This
peristomial tube is not a tube in the strict sense of the term, but
in section is semicircular, an arch resting upon the body-whorl,
which forms the diameter. An inner sutural tube follows the
suture backwards; it opens internally 3 mm. within the aperture,
it is indistinctly shown on the exterior, but the lines of costulation
extend over it, differing thus from what is seen in the similar tube
in Streptaulus blanfordi, Bs,

M2

164 CYCLOPHORID 2.

‘ Opereulum horny, of 8 close-wound whorls; origin central.
‘“ Largest: major diam. 8-3, diam. ap. 4, alt. axis 16°75 mm.
Smallest: ,, eens sh Sones de llsioein inten
ia
Hab. India: Brahmakhund, Assam (Ogle); Miri Hills (Lewis).

236, Rhaphaulus blanfordi, Benson.

Streptaulus blanfordi, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,
p- 201; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 92; Theobald,
J. ALS) By xxvii, 1eb85 sp. 322); Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch.
ser. 1, ii, 1860, p. 189, pl. 87, figs. 1-8; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch, Ind. 1875, pl. 133, figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Godwin- “Austen, J.A.S.B. xly, 1876, part 2,
p- 179, pl. 8a, fig.2; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 302 ; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p.24 7, ig. Gl.

Raphaulus blanfordi (Stephaulus), Stabe Thes. Conch. iii,
1866, pl. 264, figs. 8, 9; fig. 2 (var.).

Rhaphaulus blanfordi, Reeve, Conch, Icon. xx, Pupinidee, 1876,
pl. 10, fig. 97; Godwin- ~Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i,
1886, p. 202, pl. 47, fig. 4; Smith, Proc. Malac. Soe. London, iii,
1898, p. 19.

Rhaphaulus (Streptaulus) blanfordi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
). 38.

Helix calpis, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, iii, 1859, p. 268; Pfeiffer,
Malak. Blatt. vi, 1860, p. 20; ap ee Hele V, 1868, p. 64;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 16, fig. 8; Blanford,
J.A:S.B. xlix, 1880, p. 211.

Macrochlamys calpis, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 19.

Nanina (Microcystis) calpis, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 38.

Patula (Pyramidula) calpis, Peiffer & Clessin, Nomencl. Helic.
1881, p. 86.

Original description :—‘* Testa umbilicata, oblonga, polita,
regulariter oblique striata, striis prope suturam submarginatam
fortioribus, lineis nonnullis spiralibus decussatis, fusco-cornea,
translucente; apice obtusiusculo; anfractibus 5 convexiusculis,
penultimo ventricosiori; apertura magna, subcirculari; peristomate
simplici, reflexo, subrevoluto ; marginibus callo parietali tenui
junctis; tubuli suturalis parte externa longa, pone junctionem
labri breviter arcuatim elevata; suturam subtus exhibente;
umbilico impervio.

“Tong. 74, diam. 5 mill. Long. apert. (peristomate incluso)
4 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Sikkim: Darjeeling (H. Blanford, Mainwaring). Assam :
Dafla Hills (Blanford) ; Brahmakund ( Godwin-Austen); Harmutti,
Tanir Ridge, and Dikrang Valley (Godwin-Austen).

Godwin-Austen states that the true typical form ranges from
1000 to 4000 ft. in these hills.

The shell described as Helia calpis by Benson—sent to him by
Blanford—proved to be an immature specimen of Rhaphaulus
blanfordi according to a note by the latter in 1880 *.

* J. ne S, B. Pie 1880, p. 211.

RHAPHAULUS. 165

Var. intubus, Godwin-Austen.

Streptaulus blanfordi, var. «, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B, xlv, part 2
1876, p, 180, pl. 8, fig. 3.

Rhaphaulus blanfor di, var, intubus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw
Moll. India, i, 1886, p- 202, pl. ‘47, fig. 5,

Rhaphanlus (Str eptaulus) blanfordi, var, intubus, Kobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, XXIX, 1897, p- 142; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 38.

In this form the internal tube opens on the peristome outwards,
with no tendency to form an external sutural tube.
Hab. India: Shengorh Peak, Dafla Hills.

Var. tubulus, Godwin-Austen.

Streptaulus blanfordi, var. tubulus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv,
part 2, 1876, p. 180, pl. 8 4, fig. 4.

Rhaphaulus blanfordi, vaw. tubulus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 1, 1886, p- 202, pl. 47, fig. 6.

Rhaphaulus (Streptaulus) blanfordi, var. tubulus, Kobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 38.

Original description :—* The internal tube passes out just behind
the peristome, almost in the same way as in Rhaphaulus chrysallis.
Bs., and is directed upwards for about 0°05 of an inch [1:25 mm. }.”

Hab. India: Toruputu Peak, 5000 ft., Dafla Hills, Assam
(Godwin-Austen).

Var. tortuosa, Godwin-Austen.

Rhaphaulus blanfordi, var. tortuosus, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 202, pl. 47, fig. 7 (no description).

To judge by the figures, this variety appears to differ from the
type and the other varieties in having a higher and more
attenuated spire, while the tube behind the peristome passes
downwards instead of upwards. An abnormal form is figured on
the same plate, fig. 8, in which the tube appears to slope down the
last whorl at an angle of about 60°.

Hab. India: Damsang Peak, Western Bhutan Hills.

237. Rhaphaulus chrysalis, Pfeiffer.

Cyclostoma chrysalis, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 158 ; id.
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 259, pl. 31, figs. 25, 24
(C. chrysallis).

Megalomastoma chrysallis, Pfeitter, Mon, Pneum, 1852, p. 151; id.,
Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p, 92.

Anaulus chrysalis, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 842.

Rhaphaulus chrysallis, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 18: 58, p. 92 ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 301.

Rhaphaulus chrysalis, Theobald, J. A.S.bB. xxvii, 1857, p. 247:
Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, iv, 1859, p. 94 (animal); Blanford,

166 CYCLOPHORID®.

A. M.N.H. ser. 3, xii, 1863, p. 55; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. 111,1864,
pl. 264, figs. 6, 7; Stoliczka, J. A.S. B. xl, 1871, p. 151 (animal) ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 183, fig. 7; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 10, tig. 59; Theobald,
Jat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 200, pl. 47, fig. 1; Tapparone-
Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 310;
KXobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p. 142; Smith, Proc. Malac. Soc. iii, 1898, p. 19; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 38; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 275. :

Pollicaria chrysalis, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vi, 1856,
p- 14.

Original description :— “C. testa umbilicata, distorto - ovata,
solida, striatula et punctato-malleata, fusco-carnea ; spira irregu-
lariter ovata, apice conoidea, acutiuscula; sutura levi; anfract.
6 convexiuseulis, penultimo latere aperturali planulato, ultimo
fo

ty
!
R

Fig. 24.—Rhaphaulus chrysalis.

angustiore ; apertura verticali, circulari; perist. crasso, dilatato,
patente, reflexo, margine supero linea horizontali adnato.—
Operculum ?

“ Long. 16, diam. 9 mill.” (Pfecffer.)

Hab. Burma: Ava (Benson); Moulmain (Stolizka, Hunger-
ford, Theobald, Richthofen, Fea).

The accompanying figures have been drawn from the type in
the Cuming Collection of the British Museum. It measures
alt. 15°5, diam. 94 mm.

238. Rhaphaulus luyorensis, Godwin-Austen.
Streptaulus luyorensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus, vi, 1917,
p. 073.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, Pupina-like, solid,
shining; sculpture fine close shallow striation; colour pale
ochraceous ; spire fairly high, apex blunt and rounded ; suture
impressed ; whorls 6, 4th and 5th the largest and nearly equal in
diameter ; aperture circular; peristome thickened, reflected, with
a callous on the body-whorl; the sutural tube flattened, follows
the suture and is perforated finely at intervals.

‘“‘ Major diameter 4°75, alt. axis 8 mm.”

Hab. India: Luyor Valley (Oakes).

“This a close ally of 2. blanfordi, but can be distinguished at
once by its much more tumid form and blunt apex. It is far
nearer to the Sikhim shell than the one which has been described
as £. miriensis.” (Godwin- Austen.)

|
|
j

RHAPHAULUS. 167

239. Rhaphaulus miriensis, Godiwin-Austen.

Streptaulus miriensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
p: 978.

Original description :—* Shell cylindrical, pupiform, strongly
excavated and keeled on umbilical region; sculpture very fine
transverse regular striation; colour bleached; spire high, apex
conic; whorls 6, the 4th with the greatest diameter, sides flatly
convex, the aperture circular; peristome thickened, not continuous
on upper margin.

* Major diameter 5, minor 5, alt. axis 94mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Miri Hills (Oakes).

The only specimen received was unfortunately crushed before
the deseription was complete. The sutural tube is stated to be
exactly like that of haphaulus blanfordi of Sikhim, 2. e. ‘a
narrow flat band running back along the suture with here and
there minute perforations.” Fortunately the two species had been
compared, and the Miri shell was found to be ‘‘ quite distinct,
that the antepenultimate whorl was the largest and the sculpture
very much finer; the deep excavation at the umbilicus was another
very remarkable character.”

240. Rhaphaulus oakesi, Godwin-Austen.

Raphaulus oakesi, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
p: 572, text-fig. 2 D.

Original description :— Shell cylindrical, rimate, solid; sculp-
ture very fine and regular costulation; colour dark ochraceous ;
spire moderately high, apex blunt; whorls 5, penultimate, some-
what flattened in front; sutural tube horizontal; operculum
horny, flat in front, of about 6 whorls.

“Major diameter 7, minor 6°5, alt. axis 13 mm.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

Hab. India: Abor Hills ( Oakes).

241. Rhaphaulus pachysiphon, 7’heobald § Stoliczhka.

Raphaulus pachysiphon, Theobald & Stoliezka, J.S. A.B. xli,
1872, p. 329, pl. 11, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 158, tig. 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, p. 40.

Rhaphaulus pachysiphon, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p. 143; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 302; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 200, pl. 47, fig. 3;
Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 142; Smith, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898,\p. 18; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 276.

Original description: —*R. testa cylindraceo ovata, anguste
perforata, solida, fusca: spira obtusa, apice ad latus inclinato,
excentrico; anfractibus 54 convexiusculis, transversim confer-
tissime striolatis, ad suturam simplicem adpressis; anfractu

168 CYCLOPHORID&.

penultimo sensim, ultimo valde, descendente, primo supra aperturam
deplanato, altero ad suturam paulo constricto, ad basin convexi-
usculo; apertura fere verticali, circulari, peristomate pallide
fuscescente, plane expanso atque crasso, supra ad anfractum
penultimum labio attenuato et fere horizonli adnato, postice (aut
supra) ad suturan tubulo ecrasso, deflexo instructo.

“Long. 12:6, lat. anfr. penult. 7-6, diam. apert. cum perist.
6-2, apert. int. 3°6 mm.” (Theobald & Stoliczka.)

Hab. Burma: Ataran Valley, near Moulmain (Stoliczka) ;
Kivengan (Hungerford).

Very distinct from the other species by the distorted spire and
externally bent down sutural tube.

242. Rhaphaulus shimangensis, Godwin-Austen.

Raphaulus shimangensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii,
1897, p. 573, fig. 2 E.

Original description :—* Shell tumidly eylindrieal, solid, openly
rimate ; sculpture very fine and regular costulation; colour bleached;
spire moderately high, apex pointed, inclining to the right; suture
moderately impressed; whorls 5; aperture circular; peristome
thickened, horizontal on upper margin; sutural tube ascending
obliquely.

‘“¢ Major diameter 7, minor 6°5, alt.axis 12mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Shimang Valley (Oakes).

243. Rhaphaulus yamneyensis, Godwin-Austen.

Raphaulus yamneyensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1917,
prorl, fie: Ls:

Original description :—* Shell shape stumilar to aborensis ; pen-
ultimate whorl flattened in front and more openly rimate ; seulp-
ture fine close costulation; colour, specimen bleached; spire high ;
apex pointed; whorls 6; aperture circular; peristome thickened,
wide on upper margin; sutural tube broken off, it was directed
obliquely upwards.

‘* Major diameter 8°5, minor
Austen.)

Hab. India: Yamne Valley, Abor Hills (Oakes).

is
(

‘75, alt. axis 15 mm.” (Godwin-

Genus SCHISTOLOMA, Aobelt.

Megalomastoma (part.), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 148 ; id.,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 78.

Megalostoma, Chenu, Man. Conchyl. 1, part 2, 1860, p. 489.

Coptocheilus, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. viii, 1862, p. 282
(non Coptochilus, Amyot & Serville, 1848); Kobelt, in Semper,

reisen Arch. Philipp. iv, part 2, 1886, p. 59.

Coptochilus, Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1855, p. 742; Kobelt & Méllen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 38.

Schistoloma, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 278.

Typn, Cyclostoma altwm, Sowerby.

SCHISTOLOMA, 169

Range. India (Himalayas), Farther India, Sumatra, Borneo,
Philippines.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, cylindrical or ovate ; apex acute ;
last whorl generally solute ; peristome double, inner slightly
grooved at the upper margin. Operculum corneous, flat, nearly
circular, multispiral. :

244. Schistoloma funiculatum, Sowerby.

Cyclostoma funiculatum (nom. nud.), Benson, J. A.S. B. vii, 1888,
p- 217 (funiculalum, laps.); Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1850,
p. 166*, pl. 31 4, figs. 816, 517; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclosto-
maceen, 1853, p. 240, pl. 51, figs. 27, 28.

Megalomastoma funiculatum, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus.
1850, p. 31; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 149; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 185; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p. 94; Adams, Gen. Rec. Lust ii, 1855, p. 284; Theobald,
J. A.S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 322 ; ee Thea: Ganche ii, 1864,
pl. 263, fig. 8; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. ie
fig. 2; "1875, pl. 135, tig. 1 (var.); Reeve, Conch. Teon. exe
Pupinidee, 1876, pl. 8, fig. 75; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 41.

Megalomastoma ( Coptocheilus) funiculatum, Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 296

Coptochilus funiculatum, WKobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142 ; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 38.

Schistoloma funiculatum, WKobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 279.

Original description :—‘ Shell of a cylindrically turreted form,
smooth, shining, of an olivaceous fulvous colour; spire rather
obtuse, with seven slightly rounded volutions, which are very
finely striated posteriorly, and the last of which is rugulose and

Fig. 25.—Schistoloma funiculatum.

posteriorly striated; suture distinct and slender; aperture cir-
cular; peritreme thickened, rounded, and reflected, of a dull
orange-colour ; umbilicus small, furnished externally with a
distinct embossed carina.

“Tong. 245; diam. 8°5 mm.” (Sowerby.)

Hab. India: Khasi Hills.

The accompanying figures are from a specimen in the British
Museum.

170 CYCLOPHORID&.

245. Schistoloma pauperculum, Sowerby.

Cyclostoma pauperculum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1850, p. 166 *,
pl. 31, fig. 318; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p. 381, pl. 49, figs. 37, 38.
Megalomastoma pauperculum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851,
p- 149; id., Mon. Pneum, 1852, p. 154; id., Cat. Phaneropn.
Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 94; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856,
p. 285; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 263, fig. 22; Han-
ley & Theobald, Couch. Ind. 1875, pl. 135, fig. 5; Godwin-
Austen, J.A.S..B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 180; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41.
Megalomastoma (Coptocheilus) pauperculum, Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 297.
Coptochilus pauperculum, WKobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak, Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 142; id., Cat. Pueum. 1899, p. 383.
Schistoloma pauperculum, Kobelt, Das ‘Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 280
Original description :—‘ Shell small, cylindrically turreted,
shining, of an olivaceo-fulvous colour; spire rather obtuse, with
six slightly rounded volutions, very finely striated with the lines
of growth (sometimes rendered slightly rugulose by erosion) ;
suture distinct, rather deep; aperture nearly circular; peritreme
slightly thickened, rounded and reflected, very slightly foliaceous
and interrupted at the last volutiou ; umbilicus small, surrounded
by a somewhat obsolete raised line.
“Long. 22; diam. 7-5 mm.” (Sowerby.)
Hab. India: Bhutan.

246. Schistoloma sectilabrum, Gould.

Cyclostoma sectilabrum, Gould, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. iv, 1844,
p- 459, pl. 24, fig. 10; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1849, p. 164, pl. 24, figs. 17, 18.

Megalomastoma sectilabrum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 109 ;
id., op. cit. vili, 1851, p. 149; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 93; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 285;
Pteitier, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 84; Sowerby, hes.
Conch. iii, 1864, ‘pl. 268, fig. 24; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 7, fig. 3; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinidee, 1876,
pl. 10, fig. 88.

Megalomastoma sectilabre, Theobald, J. A. 5S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247 ;
id., Cat. Shells Brit. Ind. 1876, p.41: Stoliczka, J. A.S. B. xh,
part 2,.1872, p. 268, pl. 10, fig. 13.

Megalomastoma (Coptocheilus) sectilabrum, Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 297.

Megalomastoma (Coptochilus) sectilabrum, Mollendorff, J. A.S. B.
lv, 1886, p. 514.

Megalomastoma (Coptochilus) sectilabre, Martens, Journ, Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xxi, 1887, p. 160.

Coptochilus sectilabrum, Méllendortf, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 346.

Coptochilus sectilabre, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 148; id., Cat. Pneum. 189, p. 39.

Schistoloma sectilabrum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 280.

SCHISTOLOMA. iy

Original description :—‘‘ Shell elongated, spire acutely terminated,
of a light reddish-brown color; whorls about eight, convex, nearly
smooth, and shining; the penultimate whorl, on a profile view,
somewhat gibbous; last whorl not conforming to the axis of the
preceding whorls, but thrust forward, so that the plane of the
aperture advances beyond a parallel with the axis; aperture
coloured as without; lip white, everted moderately, having a
slight fissure or canal across it posteriorly, at the outer angle of
the aperture; posteriorly the lip is double, the inner portion
continuous, the outer terminating as it touches the shell; um-
bilicus small; operculum thin, horny.

“ Length 1 inch [25 mm.]; breadth ¢ of an inch [6°25 mm.].”

Hab. Burma: Tayoy (Mason); King’s Island, Mergui Archi-
pelago (Anderson). Perak (Mollendorff ).

* Closely resembles C. altum, Sowb., but has the fissure across
the peritreme on the opposite side.” (Gould.)

247. Schistoloma tanychilum, Godwin-Austen.

Meygalomastoma tanycheilus, Godwin- Austen, J, A.S. B. xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 180, pl. 7, fig. 5.

Megalomastoma ( Coptocheilus) tanycheilus, Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 296.

Coptochilus tanychilum, Wobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.
Schistoloma tanychilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

Pp. 2oL,

Original description :—* Shell cylindrical, turreted, solid, pale
ochreous, sometimes with a tinge of green, rather strongly and
diagonally striated. Spire straight, sides nearly parallel, apex
conoidal, suture shallow. Whorls 9, with very slight convexity
of side. Aperture vertical, large, and circular, the peristome
continuous, very largely developed, thickened, and expanded ,
at base of the last whorl is a strong keel which terminates above
near the centre of aperture. Operculum composed of several
horny layers, which appear to be tormed slowly and concentrically
on a line radiating from the centre to the circumference.

“Length 1:20 [30-5 mm.], diam. 0°35 [9 mm.}, diam. apert.
(peristome included) 0°32 in. |8 mm.].”

Hab. India: Dikrang Valley, Datla Hills, Assam (Godwin-
Austen).

“This shell is a much wider departure from the Darjeeling
form first described by Betison, MW. funiculatum, which is so much
more tumid, shorter in spire, of a dark purplish-brown colour,
and never has the peristome so broad and thickened as in this
species. VM. pauperculum is intermediate between the two.”
( Godwin- Austen.)

jee
=~]
bo

CYCLOPHORID A.

Genus TORTULOSA, Gray.

Tortulosa, Gray, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 177; Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 285; Chenu, Man. Conebyl. i, part 2,
1860, p. 489; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 281.

Cataulus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 185], p. 149; id., Mon. Pneum.
1852, p. 1386; Blanford, A.M.N.H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 462;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; G. Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 297; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 741;
Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 148; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 66; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39: Digby, Proc. Malac. Soc.
v, 1903, p. 261 (anatomy) ; Sykes, Journ. Malac. x, 1908, p. 2; xii,
1905, p. 54.

Typn, Turbo tortwosus, Chemnitz.

Range. India: Southern India, Ceylon; Nicobars.

Shell perforate, pupa-shaped, not callous, last whorl furnished
with a filiform, basal keel ; aperture circular, entire, prolonged at
the base by a somewhat circular channel; peristome continuous,
dilated at its lower extremity into the keel of the last whorl.
Operculum orbicular, flat, horny, multispiral.

Subgenus EUCATAULUS, Avbelt.
Cataulus, Pfeiffer (part. ‘ normales”), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 87.
Eucataulus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 281.

Typp, Cataulus templemani, Pfeiffer.

Hab. Southern India, Ceylon.
Last whorl not solute.

248. Tortulosa albescens, Blanford.

Cataulus albescens, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xlix, 1880, p. 214; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 148; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 59.

Tortuiosa (Eucataulus) albescens, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 282.

Original description :—* Shell subperforate, subovately turreted,
rather thin, whitish horny, rather sinuately and costulately striated.
Spire turreted, with the sides convex, apex obtuse, suture much
impressed. Whorls 7, convex, the last more closely wound than the
penultimate, to which it is but slightly attached just behind the
mouth. Basal keel transversely striated, subobsolete on the body-
whorl near the junction of the peristome, becoming stronger in
front and dilated near the mouth; the space inside the keel and
around the umbilicus is of moderate siz+ and plicately striated.
Aperture nearly circular and subvertical, with the opening of the
basal canal to the left of the base, and in nearly the same plane as
the aperture. Peristoime white, thickened, expanded and turned

<a

TORTULOSA. 173

back, produced slightly above to the right of the penultimate
whorl, and to a greater extent below at the mouth of the canal ;
columellar margin a little narrower, joined for a short distance
only to the penultimate whorl.

“ Length 0°63 [13 mm.], major diameter 0°22 [5°5 mm. |, minor
O18 (45 mm.]; breadth of the aperture within O12 inch
(38 mm.|.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Mynall,near Trevandrum, Travancore (Bourdillon).

Fig. 26.—Tortulosa albescens.

Differs from 7’. caleadensis, with which the species has been
confused, in haying one whorl less, and being much smaller, with
proportionately shorter whorls; the sculpture is less close and
distinct, the colour whitish instead of golden brown, the basal
keel less developed, and its opening is in the same plane as the
aperture, instead of being turned downwards. From 7’. costulata
it is chiefly distinguished by its much finer sculpture and by the
characters of the basal keel.

The accompanying figures have been drawn from a specimen in
the general collection of the British Museum. Its measurements
are: alt. 13°5; major diam.5 mm. The species has not before
been illustrated.

249, Tortulosa aurea, Pfeiffer.

Cataulus aureus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1855, p. 118; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 88; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,

141; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 106, fig. 9;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p- 41 ; Jousseaume, Mém.
Soe. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 309; Kobelt & Méllendorff. Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc.
iii, 1898, p. 66; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39 ;
Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 54.

Tortulosa (Lucataulus) aurea, Wobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 282.

Original description :—‘ C. testa breviter rimata, oblongo-pyra-
midali, tenuiuscula, confertim striata, sericina, lete aurea ; spira
turrita, apice acutiuscula ; sutura submarginata; anfr. 8 convexis,
ultimo parum attenuato, basi axin vix excedente; carina umbilicari
valida, compressa, antrorsum parum dilatata ; periomphalo lato,

174 CYCLOPHORID.”.

antice costulato; apertura circulari; perist. albo, duplice, interno
continuo, appresso, basi canali angusto interrupto, externo
perincrassato, fornicatim reflexo, basi producto, canali medioeri
perforato.

“ Long. 25, diam. 10 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

250. Tortulosa austeniana, Benson.

Cataulus austenianus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xii, 1853, p. 95;
Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. i, 1854, p. 89; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1,
1858, p. 88; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 9
(austinianus); H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871,
p-5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 106, fig. 7; Reeve,
Conch. Icon, xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 7, fig. 59; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 297 ;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 309; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145;
Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 67: Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulosa austeniana, Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. 11, 1856, p. 285.

Tortulosa ( Eucataulus) austeniana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 282.

Original description :— “ T. subperforata, ovato - pyramidata,
solidiuscula, eleganter oblique costulato-striata, sericea, diaphana,
saturate rubro-castanea, spira turrita, sutura impressa, apice
acutiusculo ; anfr. 8 convexiusculis, ultimo antice subascendente,
carina basali, compressa, prominente, subfuniculata, antice non
dilatata ; apertura subcirculari, obliqua, sursum spectante, perist.
duplici, incrassato, saturate fusco-aurantiaco, interno continuo,
breviter adnato, externo fornicatim patente reflexo, superne et ad
collumellam subauriculato-dilatato, canali basali aperto, intus vix
strictiore, ad sinistram perforato; operc. spiraliter laminato,
anfractus multos appressos reconditos exhibente, facie exteriori
anfractus plures angustos mentiente.

“Diam. 134, alt. 25 mill.” ( Benson.)

Hab, Ceylon: Heneratgodde (Layard).

251. Tortulosa blanfordi, Dohrn.

Cataulus blanfordi, Dohrn, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1862, p. 202; Pfeiffer,
Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ii, 1863, p. 224, pl. 58 (not pl. 59), figs. 11—
13; Sowerby. Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 8; Pfeiffer,
Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 88; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic.
Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind.
1875, pl. 106, tig. 8; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876,
pl. 6, tig. 58; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zocl.
France, vii, 1894, p. 309; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. it, 1898,
p. 67; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi,
1899, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 104; Sykes, Journ. Malac.
xi, 1905, p. 5d.

TORTULOSA. 175

Cataulus blanfordianus, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 59.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) blanfordi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 283.

Original description :—‘ Vesta subperforata, ovato-fusiformis,
solida, confertim striata, parum nitens, rufa; spira conyexo-turrita,
apice obtusiusculo; anfr. 9, convexiusculi, ultimus attenuatus,
antice subascendens ; carina umbilicalis compressa, valida, antice vix
dilatata ; periomphalum angustum, costulato-striatum ; apertura
Sibeiteularie’ peristomium aurantiaco-fuscum, incrassatum, valde
expansum, reflexum, ad anfractum penultimum angustatum,
margine dextro protracto, basali recedente, canali augusto
perforato. Operculum tenue, corneum.

“Long. 20- 213, diam. 6-7; ap. intaus diam. 33, cum perist.
long. 63-7 mill.” (Dohrn.)

Hab. Ceylon: Bollegalle, near Kandy (Blanford).

252. Tortulosa calcadensis, Blanford.

Cataulus caleadensis (Beddome MS.), Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxviii,
1869, p. 187, pl. 16, fig. 8; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 106, fig. 10; Theobald, J.A.S.B. xlv, 1876, p- 185;
Pfeifer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 141; ’ Reeve, Conch
Icon., xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6, fe 50; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 298; Blanford, J.A.S.B. xlix, 1880, p. 215; Kobelt &
M@éllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) calcadensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 288.

Cataulus kalkadensis, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
>». 41.

lie travankor icus, Theobald, J. A.S. B. xlv, mar 2 1876;
p. 186, pl. 14, tig. 5; Blanford, op. cit. xlix, part 2, 1880, p. 215
(juv.); Gude, Bane Brit. Ind. .» Moll. ii, 1914, p- 504.

Original description :—‘ Shell subperforate, fusiformly turrited,
solid, closely and rather sinuously costulated. Spire ovately
turrited, apex rather acute, suture much impressed. Whorls 83,
convex, the last a little smaller, quite free from the other whorls
for a short distance behind the ‘aeuthe but not descending much,
not nearly so far as C. tortuosus is represented as doing. The
basal keel is strong, compressed, transversely ribbed, and becoming
larger in front ; the space inside the keel around the umbilicus is
of moderate size and ribbed. Aperture nearly circular and almost
vertical, the opening of the basal canal being at the left side and
not in the same plane as the aperture, but turned a little down-
wards and to the right. Peristome thickened, double, the inner
portion obtuse, the outer expanded, turned back, produced below
the canal and above near the suture, narrower on the inner
margin and not touching the penultimate whorl. Operculum
unknown.

176 CYCLOPHORID®.

“Length 16-21, major diameter (peristome included) 53-7,
minor 5— “64, width of aperture inside 3-33 mm.

“Length of the aperture and outer peristome in the larger
specimen from the base of the canal to the end of the projection
above 63 mill.”

Hab, India: Calead Hills, Travancore (Beddome).

“ At first sight, this shell bears a most striking resemblance to
C. tortuosus, Chemn., but the last whori is much less produced,
and there appear, judging from the description and figures of
Chemnitz’s species, to be several slight but not unimportant
distinctious in sculpture and form. Amongst the Ceylonese
species, the nearest approach tothe present is made by C. decorus,
Bens., and C. blanfordi, Dohrn, but no Ceylonese kind is known
with the last whorl free. The previously described Cataulus from
the base of the Anamullay Hills resembles C. calcadensis in the
sinistral position of the keel, a character not noticed by Pfeiffer
in his description.” (Blanford.)

In 1880 (loc. cit.) Blanford recorded the receipt of fresh living
specimens from Col. Beddome of a golden-brown colour, with the
aperture of the same tint as the shell. The peristome in these
specimens was not free from the last whorl; the operculum was
found to be normal and precisely similar to that of Ceylonese
species of the genus.

At the same time Blanford stated that he was satisfied that the
specimens described by Theobald as Hapalus travankoricus were
immature shells, and he believed them to be the young of
C’. calcadensis or some nearly allied species.

253. Tortulosa colletti, Sykes.

Cataulus colletti (Sykes), Kobelt & Mollencorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897. p. 145 (nom. nud.) ; Sykes, Proc. Malac.
Soe. ii, 1898, p. ee pl. 5, fig. 15; . Kobelt & Millendorff, Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 3°

Tortulosa (Baca) collett?, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 283, text-fig. 63 (aperture).

Original description :— ‘Testa breviter et profunde rimata,
elongata-pyramidalis, solida, substriata, castanea ; spira elongata,
apice obtusulo ; sutura submarginata ; ; anfr. 8-83, plano-convexi,
ultimus parum ‘attenuatus ; carina umbilicalis valida, compressa ;
periomphalum latum, costulato- striatim ; apertura subcireularis ;
peristoma incrassatum et reflexum, basi productum, canali mediocri
perforatum.

«Alt. 23, diam. 8°2. mm.”

Hab. Ceylon: Matale, 1200 ft. (Collett).

“A species belonging to the same group as the last [C. nevilli,,
but it is narrower, the whorls are flatter, the striz almost obsolete,
the base of the lip projects a little forwar d, and the notch hes a
shade more to the right.” (Sykes.)

~]

TORTULOSA. 1j/

254. Tortulosa congener, Sykes.
Cataulus congener, Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 57, text-fig. 4.

Original description :—* Shell elongately pyramidal, rimate,
yellow, becoming tinged with red-brown on the earlier whorls,
these latter are smooth, while the rest of the shell is closely, finely,
longitudinally striate ; suture well impressed ; whorls 73, convex ;
umbilical region moderate in size, sculptured as the rest of the
shell; aperture subcireular; lip white, double, the outer part well
reflected and thin at the edge, slightly produced at the right upper
margin, the inner part circular and produced; basal canal small,
the carina being whitish.

* Alt. 16°5, diam. max. (last whorl) 6 mm.”

Hab. Cevlon.

‘ Resembling in form a dwarf C. aureus, but separable by inter
alia the shape of the outer lip and the duplication of the lip,
as also by the small basal canal.” (Sykes.)

255. Tortulosa connectens, Fulton.

Cataulus connectens, Fulton, Journ. Malac. x, 1903, p. 102, pl. 9,
fig. 4; Sykes, op. cit. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Original description :—* Shell fusiform, oblong, solid, narrowly
perforate, dark reddish-brown; whorls 93, obliquely striated,
lower slightly convex, earlier whorls almost straight, the last
carinated at the base; aperture circular, pale reddish-brown
within; peristome continuous, yellow, thickened and reflexed,
an egg-shaped opening to basal canal. Operculum normal.

‘“‘ Major diam. (including peristome) 83, alt. 21 mm.” (Fulton.)

Hab. Ceylon: Watawala (Collett).

Stated to be closely allied to blanfordi, Dohrn, and decorus,
Bens., but readily separable from the former by its yellow peri-
stome, from the latter by its smaller size and more slender form,
and from both by the peristome being more in line with, or under,
the whorls.

Mr. Sykes considers it to be only a local race of blanfordi with
yellow peristome. ;

256. Tortulosa costulata, Blanford.
Cataulus costulatus, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xlix, 1880, p. 213, pl. 3,
fig. 7; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p. 143; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.
Tortulosa (Eucataulus) costulata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 283.

Original description :—-** Shell subperforate, subovately turreted.
solid, rather coarsely and subsinuately costulated, of a pale straw-
N

178 CYCLOPHORID®.

colour. Spire turreted, with convex sides, apex rather obtuse,
sutures well impressed. Whorls 74, convex, the last more closely
wound than the penultimate, to which it is scarcely attached just
behind the mouth; the basal keel compressed, costulate, dilated in
front; the space inside the keel and around the umbilicus is of
moderate size and ribbed. Aperture nearly circular and subvertical,
with the opening of the basal canal on the left side of the base, and
not quite in the same plane as the aperture, but turned rather
downwards. Peristome white, thickened, expanded, and turned
back, produced above to the right of the penultimate whorl and
below around the canal, narrow on the columellar margin, and only
united for a short distance with the penultimate whorl.

“Length 0°65 [16 mm. |], breadth (including the peristome) 0°25
(6-25 mm. |, minor diameter from front to back 0-28 [5°75 mm.],
width of aperture inside 0°13 [3-25 mm. | inch.”

Hab. India: Tinevelly Ghats (Beddome).

«This species of Cataulus, the third hitherto obtained from the
hills of Southern India, is distinguished from all other known
forms of the genus by its comparatively coarse ribbing across the
whorls. In other respects, it closely approaches C. calcadensis,
iBeddi 9... having a similarly shaped spire, aperture, and basal
channel. I have only seen one specimen of C. costulatus ; this
differs from C. calcadensis not only in having stronger sculpture,
but also in being rather shorter and in having one whorl! less
in the spire. he colour of C. costulatus also is paler than that of
the Calead shell, and the lip of the aperture is white.

“ Like the other Southern-India forms, C. caleadensis, C. recur-
vatus, and the species hereafter described [C. albescens|, C. costu-
latus has the canal a little to the left of the lowest portion of the
aperture, or nearer to the umbilicus than to the outer margin.
In most Ceylonese species of the genus the canal is ne ae at the
lowest portion of the mouth (it is slightly to the left in C. pyra-
nudatus, C. ewrytrema, and C. austenianus; basal in ca gee
forms, like templemanniand C.layardi). 1 find that in C. tortuosus
the position of the canal is precisely as in C. caleadensis and
CO. costulatus (in C. recurvatus, the sinistral position of the canal
is much more marked).” (Blanford.)

257. Tortulosa cumingi, Pfeiffer.

Cataulus cumingi, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 339; id.,
Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1857, p. 91, pl. 25, figs. 16, 17 ; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 87 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
ie p- 41; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894,

311; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix,
1897, p 148; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.

Cataulus cumingii, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 3 ;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, DOs Reev e,
Conch, Ieon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6, fig. 52.

Cataulus thwaitesi ?, Sykes, Proc. Malae. Soc. il, 1898, p. 68.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) cumingi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16,
1902, p. 284.

TORTULOSA. 179

Original description :—C. testa vix rimata, turrito-fusiformi,
solidula, subgranulato-striata, daucino-fusca; spira convexo-
turrita, apice acutiuscula; sutura submarginata; anfr. 8 vix
convexiusculis, penultimo convexiore, ultimo attenuato, basi axin
vix excedente, carina umbilicali compressa, albida, angulatim
patula; periomphalo mediocri, turgido, distinctius striato ;
apertura subcirculari; perist. albo, continuo, incrassato, forni-
catim patente, superne anguste adnato, ceterum dilatato, basi
longe producto, canali infundibuliformi perforato.

* Long. 205, diam. medio 7 mill. Apert. intus 43, cum perist.
73 mill. longa.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab, Ceylon (Thwaites).

258. Tortulosa decora, Benson.

Cataulus decorus, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xii, 1853, p. 96;
Pfeiffer, Malak. Bl. i, 1854, p. 90; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1,
1858, p. 89; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 13;
H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 106, fig.5; Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 7, fig. 64; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 309; Kobelt
& Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts, Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143;
Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 67 ; Kobelt & MGéllendorff,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 89 ; Sykes, Journ. Malae. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulosa decora, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 28.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) decora, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 284.

Original description:—“T. subperforata, elongato-turrita,
solida, confertim costulato-striata, nitidiuscula, rufo-castanea,
apice acutiusculo; anfr. 8 convexiusculis, ultimo ad basin com-
presso-carinato, carina valde prominente, versus marginem
funiculata, incrassata, antice vix dilatata; apertura verticali,
cireulari; perist. incrassato, reflexo, breviter adnato, lete aurantiaco,
ad basin subproducto, deorsum recedente; canali extus late per-
forato; periomphalo magno; operc. ut in praecedente [C. austen-
1anus |.

“Diam. vix 10, axis 21 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Ceylon: Ratnapoora (Layard).

259. Tortulosa duplicata, Pfeiffer.

Cataulus duplicatus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1854, p. 308; id.,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 90; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii,
1864, pl. 264, fig. 2; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p.5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 106, fig. 2 ;
1876, p. xii; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6,
fig. 51; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 310; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 148; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.

Cataulus thwaitesi, var. duplicata, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898,
p. 68.

Porpiitine (Lucataulus) duplicata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 284.

w2

180 CYCLOPHORID.®.

Original description :—“ C. testa subperforata, fusiformi-ovata,
solida, striata striisque spiralibus obsolete decussata, virescenti-
fusea, pallide nebulosa; spira curvilineari, elongata, apice acuti-
uscula ; sutura levi, marginata; anfr. 73 vix convexiusculis, ultimo
attenuato, antice subascendente; carina basali compressa, antror-
sum vix dilatata; apertura circulari, basi axin vix excedente;
perist. aurantiaco, duplici: interno breviter porrecto, basi profunde
inciso, externe rectangule patente, basi ad canalem angustum yix
protracto.

“ Long. 18, diam. 7 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites) ; Maturata (Simon).

Closely allied to 7’. templemani.

260. Tortulosa eurytrema, Pfeiffer.

Cataulus eurytrema, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 145, pl. 15,
fie. 5; id. Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 138; id., Cat. Phaneropn.
Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 97 ; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p. 386, pl. 48, figs. 12, 18; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, i871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 146, fig. 3; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6,
fig, 56; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Jous-
seaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 310; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143;
Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 67; Kobelt & Moéllen-
dorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905,
p. 50.

Tortulosa eurytrema, Adams. Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1856, p. 285.

Cataulus euryptrema, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264,
fio. 17.

Tortulosa ( Eucataulus) eurytrema, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 285.

Original description :—‘* C. testa subperforata, subfusiformi-
oblonga, solida, subarcuato-striata, vix nitidula, castanea; spira
turrita, apice obtusiuscula ; anfr. 83, convexis, ultimo angustiore,
basi oblique supra axis protracto; carina basali solida, compressa,
antice sensim tub instar dilatata; apertura circulari; perist.carneo,
continuo breviter adnato, incrassato et reflexo, parte sinistra
marginis basalis canali magno, subcirculari, retrorsum in rimam
filiformem abeunte, perforata.

‘Long. 26, diam. 10 mill.” (Pfeffer)

Hab. Ceylon.

261. Tortulosa greeni, Sykes.

Cataulus green, Sykes, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899, p. 50, pl. 2, fig. 5;
id., op, cit. xi1, 1905, p. 55. as

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) greent, WKobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 285.

TORTULOSA. 18]

Original description :—‘* Testa conspicue sed anguste rimata,
elongato-pyramidalis, solidula, eleganter costulato-striata, apud
suturas crenulata, ‘pallide straminea; spira producta, apice
obtusiusculo; sutura valde impressa; anfr. 8, plano-convexi ;
carina umbilicalis valida, acuta; periomphalum magnum, costulato-
striatim ; apertura subcircularis; peristoma album, continuum,
duplex, externum incrassatum et valde reflexum, internum
productum, margine dextro apud medium sinu exciso notatum
basi productum, canali mediocri perforatum.

Alt. 17, diam. 6: mints.

Hab. Ceylon: Punduloya (2. C. Green).

«A very remarkable form, differing from all the known Ceylon
species of the genus in having asinus or notch in the upper dextral
margin, in addition to the usual perforation at the base.” (Sykes.)

Var. robusta, /ulion.

Cataulus greeni, var. robusta, Fulton, Journ. Malac. x, 1903,
p- 102, pl. 9, fig. 1; Sykes, op. cit. xii, 1905, p. 55.

“Shell more solid than typical greent, somewhat broader in
form, the oblique strive and crenulations at suture more con-
spicuous, the notch on upper right margin of peristome varies
from being almost entirely absent, to specimens having a small
but clearly defined V-shaped one.

“ With reference to the distinct notch supposed to be charac-
teristic of greent, | have before me a specimen of the typical forin
from Punduloya, which scarcely shows the notch, thus demon-
strating the ale o ly of that character.

“* Major diam. 73; alt. 17 millim.” (/'ulton.)

Hab. Ceylon: Dimbula, 5000 ft. (Collett).

262. Tortulosa hemastoma, Pfeiffer.

Cataulus hemastomus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 391; id.,
er Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, Us oe id., Novit. Conch. ser. Be
i, 1859, p. 117, pl. 382, figs. 24, 25; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii,
1864, pl. 264, fig. 11 ; H. Nevill, Tuan Helic. Pneum. Bevion.
1871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 106,
fig. 4; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 7, tig. ‘ails
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 297 ; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii,
1894, p. 309; Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 143; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. iii, 1898, p. 67 ;
Kobelt & Mollend orft, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39; Sykes, Journ.
Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulosa ( Eucataulus) hemastoma, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 285.

Oriyinal description :—* C. testa breviter et protunde rimata,
ovato-pyramidalis, tenuiuscula, conferte striatula, parum nitente,

182 CYCLOPHORIDA.

diaphana, citrina; spira convexiusculo-turrita, apice subacuta ;
sutura submarginata; anfr. 8 convexis, ultimo vix attenuato, basi
axin excedente; carina umbilicali valida, compressa, antrorsum
vix dilatata; periomphalo lato, costulato-striato ; apertura sub-
ceirculari; perist. fusco-sanguineo, simplice, ad anfractum con-
tiguum angustato, lateribus rectangule late patente et revoluto,
basi subproducto, canali mediocre perforato. Operc. tenue, rufo-
corneum.

“ Long. 27-28, diam. 11-12 mill.” (Pfezffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

Mr. Sykes in 1905 records a variety with a white lip.

263. Tortulosa layardi, Pferffer.

Megalomostoma layardii (nom. nud.), Gray, Nomencel. Moll. Brit.
Mus. i, 1859, p. 31.

Cataulus layardi (nom. nud.), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851,
p- 150; id., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 160, pl. 18, fig. 6; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 187; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 96 ;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p, 885; Sowerby, Thes.
Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fie.7; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, 1871, p. 5 ; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 106, fig. 8; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6,
fig. 57; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France,
vii, 1894, p. 811; Kobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143; Sykes, Prec. Malac. Soc. 111, 1898, p. 67 ;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 89; Sykes, Journ.
Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Pupina templemani var. 8, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 158.

Pupina layardi, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1853, p. 2386,
pl. 31, figs. 17, 18.

Tortulosa layardi, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 285;
Frauenfeld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix, 1869,

O79.

Teen (Eucataulus) layardi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 285.

Original description:—“C. testa subperforata, subfusiformi-
oblonga, solida, distincte arcuato-striata, pallide straminea ; spira
oblongo-turrita, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 8, planiusculis, ultimo
basi carina elevata, compressa munita, circa umbilicum angustis-
simum costulato; apertura verticali, subcirculari, basi canali
subaperto acuta; perist. continuo, albo, superne breviter adnato,
duplici; interno porrecto, externo incrassato-reflexo, basi sub-
angulatim producto, canali extus lato, introrsum angustiore
excavato.

‘*« Long. 174, diam. medio 7 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. Ceylon: Rambodde

TORTULOSA. 183

264. Tortulosa marginata, Pfeiffer. .

Cataulus marginatus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 52; id.,
Malak. Bl. 1, 1854, p. 90; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 90;
Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, figs. 4,5; H. Nevill,
Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 145, fig. 6;° Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx,
Pupinide, 1876, pl. 7, fig. 58; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298; Jousseaume,
Mém. Soe. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 310; Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 145 ; Sykes, Proc. Malac.
Soe. iii, 1898, p. 68; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 39; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulosa marginata, Adams, Gen, Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p, 285.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) marginata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 286.

Original description :—‘'l. vix perforata, subfusiformi-turrita,
solida, subarcuatim costulato-striata, opaca, fusco-lilacea, strigis
angulosis albidis marmorata; spira subcurvilinearis, turrita, apice
obtusa; sutura levis, filomarginata; anfr. 8 planiusculi, ultimus vix
attenuatus ; carina basalis alba, compressa, antrorsum subdilatata ;
apertura verticalis, subovalis; perist. album, duplex: internum
basi profunde incisum, externum patens, ad canalem mediocrem
retractum.

* Long. 16, diam. 5
(Pfeiffer)

Hab. Ceylon: Newera Ella (Nevill).

1 mill. Ap. intus 4 mill. longa, 34 lata.”

Var. crenulata, /ulton.

Cataulus marginatus, var. crenilata, Fulton, A. M. N. H. ser. 7,
xiii, 1904, p. 453; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

‘Slightly broader than typical marginatus, less strongly
malleated, and lacking the distinctly margined suture of that
species; of a light reddish colour, and crenulated at and below
the suture of the middle whorls, the antepenultimate showing it
more distinctly.

** Maj. diam. 6, alt. 15 mm.” (Fulton.)

Hab. Ceylon.

Var. notata, Sykes.

Cataulus marginatus, var. notata, Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905,
p. 57, text-fig. 3.

‘Shell larger than the typical form; shape more pyramidal ;
whorls more flattened ; longitudinal striation almost absent ; the
malleation in the variety is much stronger, especially on the last
half of the last whorl, where a second carina, above the normal
one, is often present, leaving a smooth area between them: mouth
duplex, pale flesh-colour.

“Alt. 17, diam. max. (last whorl) 5°5 millim.” (Sykes. )

Hab, Ceylon.

184 CYCLOPHORID®.

265. Tortulosa nevilli, Sykes.
Cataulus nevilli, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 143 (nom. nud.); Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iu,
1898, p. 68, pl. 5, fig. 16; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 89; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.
Tortulosa (Eucataulus) nevilli, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 286.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa anguste et profunde rimata, pyra-
midata, solidula, eleganter costulato-striata, brunnea, spira elevata,
apice obtusulo; sutura impressa; anfr. 8, convexi, ultimus non
attenuatus: carina umbilicalis valida, compressa; periomphalum
mediocre, costulato-striatum ; apertura subcircularis; peristoma
rubro-castaneum, continuum, incrassatum et valde reflexum, basi
productum, canali mediocri perforatum.

“ Alt. 23°6, diam. max. 95 mm.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon: Ambepusse (Collett); Kegalla (Preston).

The nearest ally is stated to be C. austenitanus, Benson; but the
present species appears to differ in being more elongate, in having
the whorls more convex, the lip of a different colour and
attached to the shell at a different angle, while the notch is more
vertical and not so much to the left as in C. austenianus.

Var. flaveola, Fulton.

Cataulus nevilli, var. flaveola, Fulton, A. M. N. H. ser. 7, xiii, 1904,
p- 463; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

‘Tighter coloured and with a yellow peristome, the latter being
more on a plane with the spire than in typical nevilli, which is
generally somewhat produced forward at the basal portion.

‘* Maj. diam. 11; alt. 25 mm.” (Fulton.)

Hab. Ceylon.

266. Tortulosa nietneri, Nevill.

Catauius nietneri, Nevill, J. A. 8. B. xxxix, part 2, 1871, p. 7,
pl. 1, fig. 7; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 142;
H. Nevill, num. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6, fig. 48 (eter?) ; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 297 ; Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 309 ;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897,
p- 143; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 68; Kobelt &
Mollendortf, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39; Collett, Jours. Malac.
vil, 1899, p. 86, text-fig. A; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905,
p- 55.

Original description :—*'T, parva, subfusiformis, vix perforata
apice sub-obtusa ; supra pallide-straminea, infra virescente grisea
et irregulariter albido strigata; anfractibus 6, convexiusculis
primis duobus vel tribus lwvigatis, ceteris transversim costulato

TORTULOSA. 185

striatis, ultimo antice subapplanato, ad basin acute carinato ;
apertura circulari, peristomate albido, incrassato ac reflexo, intus
ad basin anguste canaliculato. Operculum normale.

*« Long. 11, diam. 4}, alt. apert. 4, diam. apert. 34 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon.

“This is the smallest species of the genus as yet described, it
is also composed of fewer whorls, the last being peculiarly some-
what flattened; the sculpture is obsolete on the first three, just
discernible on the fourth and very distinct on the last two whorls ;
the notch at the base of the peristome is less conspicuous than in
the other species of the genus; the shell is of a straw-colour,
irregularly marbled and streaked with greenish zigzag markings ;
the operculum is of a light horny texture, composed of about
6 whorls.” (Jevill.)

Var. caperata, Collett.

Cataulus nietneri, var. cuperata, Collett, Journ. Malac. vu, 1899,
p- 86, text-figure C ; Sykes, op. cit. xii, 1905, p. 58.

“Shell larger and more solid than the type. Whorls more
rounded and sutures deeper. Apexsmoothand horny. The rest
of the shell closely and strongly wrinkled all over, excepting the
small flattened portion of the last whorl immediately above the
peristome. Operculum as in the type.

“ Alt. 18, diam. max. 7mm.” (Collétt.)

Hab. Ceylon: Ambegamuwa and Balangoda (Collett).

Var. unicolor, Collett.

Cataulus nietneri, var. wnicolor, Collett, Journ. Malac. vii, 1899,
p. 86, text-tig. B ; Sykes, op. cit. xii, 1905, p. 55.

‘“* Shell larger and more elongated than the type. Whorls more
solid, more densely striated and more roughened. Apex golden
and horny. The rest of the shell very pale yellow throughout.
The conspicuous white flames which ornament the typical form
and var. caperala are entirely absent in the present variety,
which is rare. Operculum normal.

* Alt. 17, diam. max. 65 mm.” ( Collett.)

Hab. Ceylon: Ambegamuwa (Collett).

267. Tortulosa prestoni, Sykes.
Cataulus prestoni, Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 56, text-fig. 2.

Original description :—* Shell nearly related to C. aureus, but
differing in the following characters. Colour straw-yellow
rather than golden yellow; size smaller; whorls not so inflated ;
umbilical region more rounded; lip not so produced at the base,
not so much reflected, and not so ‘ winged’ at the upper right
margin; canal smaller.

‘Alt. 10°8; diam. max. (of last whorl) 8 millim.” (Sykes.)

Hab. Ceylon.

186 CYCLOPHORID#.

268. Tortulosa pyramidata, Pfeiffer.

‘ataulus pyramidatus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p, 145, pl. 18,
fig. 4; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 157; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit.
Mus. 1852, p. 96; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 386,
pl. 48, figs. 9-11; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264,
fig. 10; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871, p. 5;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinidee, 1876, pl. 7, fig. 60; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 146, fig. 5; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41 ; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 297 ;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p.310; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; Sykes,
Proc. Malac. Soe. ii, 1898, p. 68; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 39; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulesa pyramidata, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 285,
pl. 86, figs. 2 a, 2 6 (operculum) ; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 1,
1860, p. 489, text-fig. 3617 ; Frauenfeld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien, xix, 1869, p. 879.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) pyramidata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 287.

Original description :—“ C, testa subperforata, ovato-pyramidata,
solida, distincte subareuatim et confertim striata, sericea, saturate
castanea; spira turrita, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 7-7}, modice
convexis, ultimo non attennato, basi axis vix excedente; carina
basali compressa, antice vix dilatata; periomphalo latiusculo,
profundius striato, medio turgido ; apertura subcirculari; perist.
albo, continuo, breviter adnato, incrassato, horizontaliter patente
et reflexiusculo, basi vix producto, canali mediocri perforato.

“ Long 23-29, diam. 10-123 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Ceylon.

269. Tortulosa recurvata, Pfeifer.

Cutaulus recurvatus, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 116, pl. 12,
fiz, 2; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 16; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 88; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxv,
1866, p. 38; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 146,
fig. 2; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6, tig. 55;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 298; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 143; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 39.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) recurvata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 287.

Original description: —* Tl. breviter et profunde rimata, ovato-
turrita, solida, distincta subarcuato-striata, virenti-fulva; spira
reculariter attenuata; sutura profunda, simplex; anfr. 7, summi
rubescentes, 3 ultimi eonvexi, ultimus antice subascendens, basi
carina compressa antice dilatata munitus: periomphalum angustum,
costulato-striatum ; apertura subcircularis, ad basin interrupta et
canali perlato aucta; perist. duplex, internum porrectum, basi
fissum, externum patens et reflexum, parte canalem formante
recurvata.

“ Long. 23, diam. 10 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. India: Anamullay, Nilgiris.

a

TORTULOSA. 187

270. Tortulosa rugosa, /u/lton.

Cataulus rugosa, Fulton, A. M. N. H. ser. 7, xiii, 1904, p.
Cataulus rugosus, Sykes, Journ. Malac. a 1905, p. 5D.

Original description:—‘‘ Shell very narrowly umbilicate, sub-
fusiform, moderately solid, colour light yellowish brown, nucleus
smooth, sculptured below with somewhat nodulous oblique strie,
which give a malleated appearance to the shell; whorls 63,
moderately convex; basal carina moderately produced; aperture
circular, reddish brown within; peristome yellowish, continuous ;
basal canal semicircular, situate at centre of basal portion of
the peristome.

“ Maj. diam. 5; alt. 113 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon.

Fig. 27.—Tortulosa rugosa.

“This form is nearest to C. marginatus, but is much. smaller,
not so slender, and the suture is not margined.” (/ulton.)

The accompanying figures have been drawn from the type in
the British Museum.

271. Tortulosa smithi, Sykes.
Cataulus smithi, Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 56, text-fig. 1.

Original description :—* Shell deeply rimate, solid, straw-yellow,
the protoconch a trifle darker, pyramidal, with the spire well
raised; the earlier whorls smooth, and the residue sculptured by
numerous, closely-set, fine longitudinal costule; suture well
impressed; whorls 8, plano- convex, the last being a little com-
pressed in front ; umbilical region large, sculptured as the rest of
the shell ; the umbilical carina is large and distinct, with a second
smaller one within; lip white continuous, subeircular, slightly
projecting at the base, reflected, most noticeably so at the lower
outer margin, canal large.

* Alt. 26°5, diam. max. (of last whorl) 10°5 mm.”

Hab. Ceylon.

“ As compared with C. aureus the present shell is straw-yellow
and not golden yellow in colour; it is much Jarger with flatter
whorls, the mouth is subcircular and lacks the angle at the upper
right hand margin,ete. From C. austenianus the shape and colour
of the mouth and lip, as also the elongate form, will suffice to
sever it: similar variations distinguish it from the white-lipped
var. of C. hemastoma. 1 would lay stress on the second carina
at the base.” (Sykes.)

188 CYCLOPHORID &.

272. Tortulosa sykesi, Fulton.

Cataulus sykesi, Fulton, A. M. N. H. ser. 7, xiil, 1904, p. 453;
Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Original description :—‘* Shell narrowly umbilicate, subfusiform,
solid, uniform light yellowish to uniform reddish-brown colour,
arcuately striated, the striz rather blunt and not very conspicuous ;
whorls nearly 7, slightly convex; basal carina prominent, with
a conspicuous inner ridge; aperture subcircular, reddish brown
within; peristome whitish, very much thickened but scarcely
duplex, continuous; aperture of basal canal subcireular, situate
shghtly to the left of the centre of base of peristome.

“Maj. diam. (yellow form) 63; alt. 144 mm.

% .. (reddish-brown form) 63; alt. 14mm.”

/Tab. Ceylon.

a

£ ex fa

Fig. 28.— Tortulosa sykesi.

“This form bears a general resemblance to O. duplicatus, Ptr.,
but is smaller, has less whorls, and the suture of the earlier whorls
is not margined as in that species.” ((ulton.)

The shell shown in the accompanying illustration is one of the
co-types in the British Museum. It shows the operculum ti siz,
better than the type.

273. Tortulosa templemani, Pfei/er.

Cataulus templemani (nom. nud.), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851,
p- 150; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 136; id., Cat. Phaneropn,
Brit. Mus. 1852, p: 19650 id. Conch: -Cab.. Cyclostomaceen,
1854, p. 385 ; Sowerby, Thes. Gonch. ii, 1864, pl. 264, fiz. 12;
Hanley & Theobald, ‘Conch, Ind. 1875, pl. 106, foe ale: ; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 7, tig. 62 ; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Tiemesaarane Mém. Soe. Zool.
France, vii, 1894, p. 310; Kobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Gey xxix, 1897, p. 143 ; Sykes, Proc. Malae. Soe. i11, 1898,
p- 68; Kobelt & Mollendorft, Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 59; Sykes,
Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Pupina templemani, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 158; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1855, p. 236, pl. 51, figs. 15, 16.

Lortulosa templemant, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1856, p. 285.

Cataulus templemanni, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p.5; G. Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 297.

Tortulosa ( Eucataulus) templemant, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 287.

Original description :—* P. testa subperforata, subfusiformi-
oblonga, solidula, striata, parum nitida, non callosa, castanea ;

i

TORTULOSA. 189

spira oblongo-turrita, apice acutiuscula; anfr. 8 planiusculis,
ultimo basi acute et prominenter carinato; apertura verticali, basi
subproducta; perist. continuo, aurantiaco, superne breviter adnato,
margine dextro sinistroque reflexo-patentibus, basali deorsum
dilatato, canaliculato ; canali extus lato, intus lineari.—Operculum?
“ Long. 20, diam. 7 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)
Hab, Ceylon (Templeman); Maturata (Simon).

274. Tortulosa thwaitesi, Pfeifer.

Cataulus thwaitesi, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 147; id.,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 138; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 97; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 387,
pl. 49, figs. 9,10; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 264, fig. 6,
var, fig. 15 ; H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum, Ceylon, 1871, p. 5
(C. thwaitesti); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 1U6,
fig. 6; id., op. cit. 1876, p. xii (+ C. cumingi); Reeve, Conch.
[con. xx, Pupinidie, 1876, pl. 6, tig. 54; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298;
Jousseaume, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 311 (+ C.
eumingr); Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxix,
1897, p. 143; Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii, 1898, p. 66 (+0.
cumingi and C. duplicatus); Kobelt & Méllendorft, Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 39; Sykes, Journ. Malac. xii, 1905, p. 55.

Tortulosa thwaitesi, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 285.

Tortulosa (Eucataulus) thwaitesi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 288.

Cataulus gregarius (? C. thwartest) (nom. nud.), H. Nevill, Enum.
Helic. Pneum, Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 41; G. Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 297.

Original description :—* C. testa vix pertorata, subfusiformi-
turrita, solida, longitudinaliter contertim costulata, vix nitidula,
violaceo-fusca; spira ovato-turrita, apice acutiuscula; sutura
impressa ; antr. 7-73, convexiusculis, ultimo vix attenuato; carina
basali validissima, compressa, angulatim patente, alba; apertura
verticali, circulari; perist. duplice albo: interno basi profunde
inciso, externo ad anfr. penultimum exciso, ceterum incrassato,
reflexo, basi canali mediocri perforata.

‘“* Long. 19, diam. 7 mill.” (Pfecffer.)

Hab. Ceylon (Thwaites).

Subgenus TORTULOSA, Gray.

Tortulosa, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 177; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 288 (subgenus).

Cataulus (part.), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 149; (part:
“abnormes ”); id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 87.

Type (only species), Turbo tortuosus, Chemnitz.

Range. India. Nicobars.
Shell with the last whorl! solute,

190 CYCLOPHORID ®.

275. Tortulosa tortuosa, Chemnitz.

Turbo tortuosus, Chemnitz, Conch.-Cab. xi, 1795, p. 158, pl. 195 a,
figs. 1882, 1883.

Urocoptis tortuosa, Beck, Index Moll. 1887, p. 83.

Cyclostoma tortuosum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1845, p. 152, pl. 28,
figs. 185, 186; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849,
p. 165, pl. 24, figs. 19, 20.

Megalomastoma tortuosum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 109 ;
Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus, 1, 1850, p. 30.

Cataulus tortuosus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 150; id.,
Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 95; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 385; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864,
pl. 264, fig. 1; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxyiil, 1869, p. 188; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 6, fig. 49; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Blanford, J. A. 8S. B. xlix, 1880,
p: 216; G. Nevill, op. cit. 1, 1881, p. 149; Kobelt & Méllendortf,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 39.

Tortulosa tortuosa, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ti, 1856, p. 288,
pl. 86, fig. 2; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 1, 1860, p. 489, text-
figs. 3614, 3616 (shell), fig. 83615 (operculum); Moérch, Journ.
Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 339.

Tortulosa (Tortulosa) tortuosa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 288, text-fig. 64.

‘Shell oblong, pupiform, white, thin, shining, with 7 rounded
volutions, which are obsoletely striated, the last of them somewhat
compressed, and slightly contracted near the aperture, exserted ;
suture distinct; aperture circular; peritreme continuous, reflected,
with a small canal internally at the lower part; umbilicus small,
surrounded by a keel which continues to the lower margin of the
peritreme.” (Sowerby.)

Hab. ? Nicobars. India: Trevandrum, 2500 ft. (Beddome).

Genus POLLICARIA, Gould.

Pollicaria (part.), Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. vi, 1856,
p. 14; Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 67 ;
Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xl, 1871, p. 150; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 288.

Hainesia (part.), Pfeiffer, Malak. Bl. ii, 1856, p. 120; id., Mon,
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 79.

Hybocystis, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, iv, 1859, p. 90; Blanford,
op. cit. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, p. 460; Pfeifier, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 56; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298; Crosse, Journ.
Conchyl. xxxiii, 1885, p. 180; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi, 1899, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 104.

Typn, Cyclostoma pollex, Gould.

Range. Burma, Farther India.
Shell distortedly ovate, penultimate whorl flattened in front ;
aperture circular, with an internal callus, sinuate above, separated

POLLICARIA. 191

from the left margin of the peristome by a deep furrow ; opercu-
Jum calcareous, thick, slightly concave on the outer side, the
whorls increasing slowly, the last, in full-grown specimens,
becoming gradually attenuated; the inner with only 13 whorls,
the last raised, almost covering the remainder, witha periostracum,
and an umbilicus-like cavity.

~-

276. Pollicaria gravida, Benson.

Megalomastoma gravidum, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856,
p- 229; Theobald, J.A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 79; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
LS7O pk a. ieee

Hybocystis gravida, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, iv, 1859, p. 91;
Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser, 1, i, 1860, p. 123, pl. 35, figs. 1-4; id.,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 56; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40 (+ Otopoma blennus) ; Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 298; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxxiii, 1885, p. 187;
Tapparone Canefri, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, ser. 2, vii, 1889, p. 309
(+ O. biennus}; Cooke, Cambr. Nat. Hist. iii, 1895, p. 305, text-
tig. 205; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi,

. _ 1899, p. 187; id., Cat, Pneum. 1899, p. 105.

Polhicaria gravida, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 263, fig. 5
(+ P. pollex); Stoliczka, J. A.S.B. xl, 1871, p. 150 (animal);
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, Pupinide, 1876, pl. 8, tig. 68; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 289, text-fig. 65.

Cyclostoma (Pollicaria) pollea, Gould, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.
vi, 1856, p. 14.

Otopoma blennus, Benson, A.M.N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 231;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 111; Theobald, J. A.S.B.
xxvil, 1857, p. 248.

Original description :—“ Testa perforata, pupiformi, distorta,
solida, leeviuscula, vix striatula, fusco-albida; spira distorto-ovata,
sutura marginata, apice conoideo-obtuso ; anfractibus 6 convexis,

Fig. 29.—Pollicaria gravida.

penultimo elongato supra aperturam planato, dorso gibbo, ultimo
angustiori, antice subito ascendente; apertura leviter sursum

192 CYCLOPHORID®.

spectante, circulari, fauce fusca, peristomate albido, incrassato,
superne angulato, expansiusculo, reflexiusculo, intus late sulcato,
tum calloso-marginato, callo interiori dextrorsum superne angu-
lato-sinuato, sutura canalis obsoleti ad angulum anticum raro
apparente.

“‘ Long. 35 mill., diam. anfr. penult. 20 mill.”

Hab. Burnia: Moulmain (fea, Stoliczka) ; Damotha (Stoliczka).

“In the obsolete channel, occasionally visible at the top of
the aperture, this shell has possibly some relation to Gould’s
M., sectilabre. The indentation, invariably present in the interna
callus of the aperture, seems to have some reference to the
obliterated channel, and shows a passage to the Pupine. The
form has a great resemblance to that of the gigantic P. grandis,
Forbes ( forbesi, Pfr.), which it exceeds in size. As in that shell,
the great length of the penultimate whorl, above the aperture,
contrasts with the shortness of the same part in the allied species
M. chrysallis, Pfr.” (Benson.)

The accompanying figures have been drawn from a specimen in
the British Museum, measuring 34 mm. in length, 18 mm. in
diameter.

Section PUPINEA.

Genus PUPINA, Vignard.

Reyestoma, Hasselt, Ale. Konst- en Letter-Bode, ii, 1828, p. 245.

Registoma, Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus. ed. 44, 1842, p. 91; as synonym
of Pupina.

Rhexistoma, Herrmannsen, Index Gen. Malac. 11, 1847, p. 592.

Rhegostoma, Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Index, 1848, p. 954.

Rhegistoma (part.), Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867,
p. 156 (as section of Pupina).

Pupina, Vignard, Ann. Sci. Nat. xviii, 1829, p. 489; Gray, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 182; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 150;
id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 189; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. i1, 1856,
p- 288; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 1, 1860, p. 490; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 147; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 299; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 740; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 34; Kobelt & Mdllen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxix, 1897, p. 145 (part.) ; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 41; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 302.

Tren, P. keraudrini, Vignard.

Range. Burma, Farther India, Southern China, Japan, Malaysia,
New Guinea, Melanesia, Australia.

Shell elongate ovate, smooth, with a shining enamel-like coating ;
peristome simple, thickened or reflexed, with two canals, the
upper at the suture, the lower oblique at the middle of the
columellar margin. Opereulum thin, membranaceous, rather flat,
narrowly coiled,

PUPINA. 193

Subgenus TYLOTOECHUS, Aobelt § Mollendorff.

Hupupina (part.), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 147.

Mesostoma, Heude (non Orsted), Journ, Conchyl. xxxiv, 1886,
211.

Ty lotoechus (part.), Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.

xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pnetim. 1899, p. 41; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 506.

Tyre, Pupina destructa, Heude.

Range. Burma, Farther India, Southern China, Japan, Malaysia,
New Guinea, Melanesia, Queensland.

The upper canal formed by a tongue-shaped process of the
callus and the peristome.

277. Pupina artata, Benson.
Pupina artata, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 230;

Theobald, J. AS. B. xxvi, feo p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 96; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, iv, 1859, p. 94;
Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i i, 1860, p- 142, pl. 37, ties. 10-12;
Sowerby, Thes. Conch. ini, 1864, pl. 265, figs. 1, 2; Blanford,
J.A.5. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99 (animal); Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 7, tig. 5; Stoliezka, toes S. B: xl, 187i,
p- 151; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1876, pl. 1, fig. 3; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. india, 1876, p. 41 ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878
p- 299 ; Mollendorff, 5. A. 8. B. lv, 1886, p- 314; Godwin- Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 38, pl. 69, fig. 6.

Pupina ( Tylotoechus) artata, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 41;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 306.

Original description :—* Testa imperforata, pupiformi, ovato-
acuminata, politissima, fusco-cornea, translucente, vel hyalina ;
spira ovato-conoidea, apice obtusiusculo, sutura callosa, lineari ;
anfractibus 93, convexiusculis, ultimo 3 teste partem superante ;
apertura verticali, circulari, ' Scoraalianita aie peristomate obtusi-
usculo, margine parietali superne linguam acutam, callo verticali
elongato, cum margine dextro subparallelo, marginatum, exhibente,
infra cum basali canalem incisum, ascendentem, extus calloso-
marginatum, efformante. Operculo testaceo, pauci-spirali, con-
caviusculo, sutura elevata.

* Long. 6, diam. 34 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Moulmain (Theobald). Perak (Mollendorff’).

278. Pupina arula, Benson.

Pupina arula, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 280;
Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 95; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ii, 1860, p. 141,
pl. 37, fivs. 7-9: Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 265, fig. 3
ee err. typ.); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 7,
tir, 4; Reeve, Conch. Icon. sx, 1876, pl. 1, fig. 5; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 300;
Mollendorff, J. A. S. B. ly, 1886, Pp. 314; Godwin- ‘Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 37, pl. 69, fig. 1.

O

194 CYCLOPHORIDA.

Pupina (Tylotoechus) arula, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 145; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 41;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 307.

Original description :—** Testa imperforata, conoideo-ovata,
longitudinaliter striatula, nitidissima, fusco-rubella, apice conoideo,
acuto, sutura calloso-marginata, antractibus 6, ultimo spiram
subequante, antice breviter ascendente ; apertura circulari,
angulo superiori acuto adjecto, callo parietal superne lamella
intrante munito; columella profunde incisa, canalem extus
apparentem, lingua lata parietali obtectum, callisque duobus
divergentibus marginatum, exhibente ; peristomate obtuso, expan-
siusculo, extus marginato, margine dextro supra medium arcuato ;
basi foveata. Operculo "4

“ Long. 9, diam. 5 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Yanglan (Theobald). Perak (Mollendorff).

“Tt has much aflinity with P. awret, Hinds, the superior canal
being rather simulated than actually developed, and being formed
by an angle, at the top of the otherwise circular aperture, cut off
from the lower portion, in part, by the parietal lamella.” (Benson.)

279. Pupina blanfordi, Theotald.

Pupina blanfordi, Theobald, J.A.S.B. xxxiii, 1864, p. 247;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1877, p. 414; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1876,
pl. 1, fig. 6; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1897, p. 41, pl. 69, fig. 2.

Pupina artata, var. blanfordiana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 300.

Pupina (Tylotoechus) blanfordi, WKobelt & Mollendorft, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 146; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 41; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 309.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa pupiniformi, politissima, flaves-
cente-cornea. Anfractibus quinque. Peristomate albo, non
expanso. Canalibus albis.

“Long. 6, diam. 3°5 mills.”

Hab. Burma: Pegu (Blanford).

“Tt is intermediate in its characters and aspect between
P. pequensis, B., and P. artata, B., to the latter of which it
more closely approaches in the shape and unreflected form of
its peristome.” (Z'heobald.)

280. Pupina hungerfordiana, Nevill.

Pupina hungerfordiana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 300 ; id.,
JA: SB: 1, 188i, p. 148; pl. 6) fig. G.

Pupina hungerfordi, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1897, p. 41, pl. 69, fig. 7.

Pupina (Tylotoechus) hungerfordiana, Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 146; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 42; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 314.

Original description :—* Shell about the same size as P. imbrici-
fera, between which and P. artata it is fairly intermediate; from

PUPINA. 195

the former it can be distinguished by the slightly more produced
spire and less convex whorls, much less everted last whorl, smaller
aperture, even more evenly circular, and in a marked manner by
the single instead of double peristome; the parietal callosity is
quite different, being compressed, vertical, and more lateral and
produced; the incised canal at the columella is also more covered
by the triangular callosity, above which it is less compressed and
more evenly expanded; from P. artata by its size, proportions,
and additional whorl, but especially by the quite different charac-
ters of the two callosities; the parietal callosity especially is quite
different, being much longer Gt reaches beyond the middle of
the last whorl), more vertigal, and much more laterally inclined ;
indeed it extends further back than the’ peristome.

“Long. 87; diam. 5; apert. (intus) 2 mill.” (Nevill.)

Hab. Burma: Hsaddan Koo, Salween Valley (Hungerford).

281. Pupina imbricifera, Benson.

Pupina_imbricifera, Benson, A. M. N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p- 250 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858, p, 318; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 94; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ii, 1860, p. 140,
pl. 37, figs. 4-6; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1864, pl. 265,
figs. 4, 5; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xxxix, 1870, pl. 2, fig. 8
(dentition); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 7, fig. 7 ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1876, pl. 1, fig. 7; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xlv, 1876,
part 2, p. 179 (var.); Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 300.

Pupina (Tylotoechus) imbricifera, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 146; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 42; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 315.

Original description :—** Vesta imperforata, ventricose, ovato-
acuta, politissima, fuscescente, pellucida; spira cunica, apice
acutiusculo, sutura leviter impressa; anfractibus 64 convexi-
usculis, ultimo spiram equante, ventricosiori, antice subascen-
dente; apertura circulari, bicanaliculata, peristomate pallide
carneo, duplici, interno obtuso, breviter porrecto, externo expanso,
subreflexo, superne longe ascendente, margine parietali calloso
linguam acutam, cum margine dextro conniventem, et callum
verticalem, validum, elongatum, arcuatim divergentem, cum
processn labri exterioris canalem efformantem, exhibente, subtus
cum basali exteriore canalem incisum, marginibus extus callosis,
ascendentem, construente. Operculo ——?

‘Long. 10, diam. anfract. penult. 5 mill.”

Hab. India: Sylhet.

‘“This handsome species is singular on account of the creat
development of the callus, which runs up the penultimate whorl
two-thirds of its height, forming, with the prolongation of the
outer lip, a channel leading to the incision at the top of the
aperture.” (Bensoi.)

02

196 CYCLOPHORID®.

282. Pupina limitanea, Godwin-Austen.

Pupina limitaneus, Godwin-Austen, Land & freshw. Moll. India,
li, 1897, p. 40, pl. 69, fig. 4.

Pupina (/ylotoechus) limitanea, Wobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 146; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 42; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 316.

Original description :—“ Shell ovately conoid, shining polished
surface; sculpture none; colour pale ochre to dull whitish, black
where parts of animal remain, probably black when living ;_ spire
conic, sides convex, apex subobtuse; suture shallow, hnear ;
whorls 53, the last twice as high as the spire; aperture circular,
at suture a vertical slit, formed by the thickened upper margin
and a short vertical lamella; columella with a deep narrow
incision seen from front, the frontal flap narrow ; peristome thick
and obtuse.

** Major diam. 3, alt. axis 5 mm.

“Smallest ,, 3, mee eas mumnanee

Hab. Eastern frontier of Burma and Siam ( Woodthorpe).

“ This species is nearest to P. pequensis, but it is smaller, different
in form, proportion of whorls, and the columellar slit is narrower.”
(Godwin- Austen.)

283. Pupina nicobarica, Pfeiffer.

Pupina (Registoma) nicobarica, Pteiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1852,
p. 145.

Registoma nicobaricum, Pfeiffer, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p- 104; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 147; Adams, Gen. Rec.
Moll. ii, 1856, p. 289; Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xxiv, 1876,
p. 362.

Pee nicobarica, Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
p- 888, pl. 48, figs. 28-31; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1876, pl. 3,
fig. 26; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 299 (+ var. major) ;
Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 455; id., Land &
Freshw. Moll, India, 11, 1897, p. 42.

Registoma nicobarica, Frauenfeld, Verh. IX. K. zool.-bot, Ges. Wien,
xix, 1869, p. 879.

Pupina (Tylotoechus) nicobarica, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 146; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 42; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 318.

Original description:—‘* P. testa imperforata, ovato-conica,

solidula, glaberrima, uitida, pallide isabellina; spira convexa,

Fig. 30.—Pupina nicobarica.

sursum conica, acutiuscula ; sutura linearl ; anfr. 5, vix convext-
usculis, ultimo oblique descendente, antice breviter ascendente,

Lf

PUPINA, 197

basi rotundato; apertura subverticali, circulari, nodulo ealloso
minuto Juxta insertionem marginis dextri coarctata; perist.
simplice, vix expansiusculo, margine columellari subinerassato,
incisura brevi, subascendente a basali separato.

“ Long. 6, diam. 3 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Nicobars: Border of River, Galathea (Reinhardt) ;
Kamorta (2oepstort).

The shell figured is one of several received by the British
Museum from Mrs. Roepstorf of Copenhagen.

284. Pupina peguensis, Benson.

Pupina peguensis, Benson, A. M.N.HL. ser. 3, vi, 1860, p. 192;
Pfeitfer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 95; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 800; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897,
p. 40, pl. 69, fig. 5.

Pupina blanfon ee Theobaid), Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
13870, pl. 7, fie. 6.

Pupina aie oe peguensis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 147; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 319.

Original description :—* Testa imperforata, subgloboso-ovata,
levigata, polita, pellucida, cornea; spira convexo-conica, apice
acutiusculo, sutura calloso-marginata; anfractibus 42, ultimo
spiram superante, antice breviter ascendente, ad basin foveato;
apertura subverticali, sursum spectante, circulari, angulo acuto
superne adjecto, callo parietali superne et lamella intrante
munita; columella profunde incisa, canalem extus progredientem
lingua lata superiore obtectum callisque duobus extus divergen-
tibus marginatum exhibente; peristomate expansiusculo ; margine
dextro, supra medium arcuato, basalique crassiusculo obtusis.

** Long. 6, diam. 34 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Pegu.

“Closely related to the Tenasserim Pupina arula, B., but,
independently of its smaller size, differing in form, proportions,
translucence, and absence of sculpture.” (Benson.)

285. Pupina tongupensis, Godwin-Austen.
Pupina tongupensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1897, p. 41, pl. 69, fig. 5
Pupina (Tylotoechus) tongupensis, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 147; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 43; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 823.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, tumid, shiny ;
sculpture smooth, no striation; colour ochraceous; spire low,
sides rounded, apex blunt; suture very shallow; whorls 5, very
swollen; aperture circular, a deep cleft on upper angle, bounded
by a short rounded lamella on the body-whorl ; peristome uot

198 CYCLOPHORID&.

thickened, a narrow cleft on the columellar margin, external canal
horizontal, narrow, upper margin moderately wide.

“ Major diam. 3°5, alt. axis 5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Tongoop Pass, Arakan Hills (Blanford).

“The species differs in its small and globose form from all
others I have examined, and the aperture is fully formed.” (G.-A.),

Subfamily ALYC AINA.

Genus DIORYX, Benson.

Dioryx (part.), Benson, A.M. N.H. ser. 3, ii, 1859, p. 177 (as
section of Alyceus); Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 44;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,i, 1886, p. 187,
(as subgenus); Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, 1897, p. 149 (genus) ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 45; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 336.

TyPs (first species), Alyceus anphora, Benson.

Range. India, Farther India, Southern China, Formosa.

Shel! conoid or depressed turbinate, the constriction narrow
and immediately behind the aperture, the sutural tube arising
proportionately nearer to the peristome than in Alycceus.

286. Dioryx amphora, Benson.

Alyceus amphora, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 226;
Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. ity 1858, p. 384; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, 1, 1869, p. 126,
pl. 35, figs. 15-17 ; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 91,
tigs. 2, 3; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, p. 1876, p. 39;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 2, fig. 15;
G. Nevill, # AvS. Be xivi, 1877, p29); ads; Hand: Mist, 191878;
p-. 292; id., in Anderson, Zool. Res. Exp. W. Yunnan, i, 1879,

», 890.

vibe us {Dioryx) amphora, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw, Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 429, pl. 153, fig. 11.

Dioryx camphor a, Kobelt & Mollendor it, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxix, [S97,mps 149); ids; Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 45; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- 336.

Original description :—‘* Testa anguste umbilicata, ovato-
globosa, exilissime costulato-striata, albido- carnea, versus apicem

Vig. 31.—Dioryx amphora. (X 2.)

acutiusculum rubella; spira conica; sutura subprofunda; anfract.
4 conyvexis, ultimo inflato, juxta aperturam constricto, tubulo
suturali longissimo prope peristoma oriente; apertura verticali;

DIORYX. 199

peristomate duplici, continuo, interiori breviter porrecto, intus
pallide aurantiaco, exteriori expanso, striatulo, incrassato; um-

bilico intus spiraliter striato, margine compressiusculo. Operculo
2

“ Long. 53, diam. obliq. 5 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Moulmain and Tenasserim Valley (Theobald).

“'lhe shell occurs also of a smaller size. It approaches in
form the Sikkim A. wrnula, nobis, but has a more globose aspect-
The extreme length of the sutural tube is remarkable; it extends
so far round the last whorl as to be visible from the front on both
sides of the shell. The aperture occupies about half the height of
the specimen.” (Benson.)

The specimen figured is in the British Museum.

287. Dioryx feddenianus, Theobald.

Alyceus feddenianus, Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870,
597, pl. ia fig. 4; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,

pl. 91, fies, » Pfeitter, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 66;
Theobald, nee aie Bun India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 2, fic. 18; Nevill, “Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 294.

Dioryx feddeniana, Kobelt & Mollendortt, Nachr. ins Malak.
Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 4

Aluceus (Dior yx) Feadenianes: Godwin-Austen, iheal & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 415, pl. 153, fig. 12.

Dioryx feddenianus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 388.

Original description :—‘ Testa globoso, subturbinata, profunde
umbilicata, glabra, in ultimo antractu ad suturam peculariter
deplanata, deinde subangulata et infra angulum levissime con-
vexiuscula seu planata et angustata, solida, brunnea; antractibus 32,
rapide crescentibus, superioribus, convexiusculis, ultimo supra
et prope umbilicum angulato; tubulo suturali tenui, prope

Z\
6. ay

Fig. 32.—Dioryx feddenianus. (X 2.)

aperturam oriente et fere dimidium ultimi anfractus in longi-
tudine w#quante ; strictura brevissima, vix conspicua; apertura
circulari, carneola, supra augustissime adanata; perist. duplici,
interno integro, tenuissimo, externo breviter expansiusculo et
reflexo.

‘¢ Diam. maj. ‘20 [5 mm.], d. min. -16 [4 mm.], alt. -16 une.
f4 mm. ].”

Hab. Burma: Shan States (Fedden); Moulmain (Hungerford).

The specimen figured is in the British Museum.

200 CYCLOPHORID®.

288. Dioryx globulosus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) globulosus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 368, pl. 157, fig. 1.

Original description: —‘ Shell globosely conical, closely perforate ;
sculpture: a strong epidermis, with irregular transverse striz of
growth and with streaks of brown; spiral striation is indistinctly
seen, on swollen portion very regular close flat costulation ; colour
pale umber-brown ; spire low, apex blunt; suture well impressed ;
whorls 4, tumid, the last reflected just behind the aperture ;
aperture circular; peristome double, much thickened, very slightly
reflected ; operculum widely spiral, the sutures distant, slightly
concave.

‘‘ Major diam. 3:25; alt. axis 4 mm.”

Hab. India: Luzor, Vsanspu Valley (Oakes).

“The operculum is of the type of D. wrnula, smooth in front,
the sutures only just discernible.” (Godwin-Austen.)

289. Dioryx labrirubidum, Godwia- Austen.
Alyceus, n. sp., Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292, No. 22.
Alyceus (Dioryx) labrirubidum, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 430, pl. 155, fig. 1.

Original description :—* Shell rimate, elongately conical, solid;
sculpture: extremely fine transverse striation throughout, not
even coarser next the sutural tube except slightly so at its anterior
end; colour pink throughout, stronger on the peristome,
approaching red on the apex; spire high, sides flat, apex small;
suture impressed; whorls 5, sides rounded, the last constricted
close behind the aperture, distance to the sutural tube very short ;
aperture circular, strong; peristome solid, double, reflected.

‘“¢ Major diam. 6; alt. axis 5°2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma; Khargan, Attaran Valley (7’heobaid); Phaboo
(Hungerford).

290. Dioryx pingoungensis, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus (Dioryx) urnula var., Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1888, p. 245; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 414.
Alyceus (Dioryx) pingoungensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 1i, 1914, p. 414, pl. 153, fig. 18.

Original description :—<* Shell solid, imperforate ; sculpture very
smooth, surface with indistinct transverse striation, next the
sutural tube there is fine close costulation; colour dull white ;
spire high conic, apex rounded; suture well impressed, the sutural
tube very long; whorls with sides very rounded ; aperture circular,
vertical ; peristome strong and thickened, double.

“« Major diam. 3°10; alt. axis 2°70 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Pingoung, Shan Hills (Spraté).

“This species, although very similar in all main characters to
the Indian forms, as I said in 1888, is certainly quite worthy of

DIORYX. 201

separation. Compared with typical wriaula, Bs., from Darjiling,
it is more solid and smoother, costulate sculpture on last whorl
sumewhat stronger, the umbilical margin more circumscribed,
peristome solid, and particularly in the distance from base of the
sutural tube to the peristome being very short, forming the con-
stricted part of the whorl, when it “is compared with typical
D. urnula trom Darjiling and the variety from the Naga Hills, ete. ;
it thus approaches the constriction of D. amphora.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

291. Dioryx urceolus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) ureeolus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 869, pl. 153. fig. 9.

Original description:—‘ Shell ovately globose, elongate, no
perforation ; sculpture: costulation next the sutural tube very fine
and close, rest of shell finely striate; colour bleached; spire high,
apex small; suture impressed, the sutural tube moderately long:
in the drawing made from the first specimen received ....
this is represented too short, the end being broken; whorls 43,
sides rounded ; constriction short behind aperture; aperture oval
vertically ; peristome simple, double, rather solid.

** Major diam. 4°8; alt. axis 4°25 mm.”

Hab. India: Abor Hills (Oakes).

‘*«This species differs considerably from typical wrnwla in being
far larger and so high in the spire, wrnula being more globose and
depressed; from another Abor species of this subgenus it may be
known at once by its less tumid globose shape and the peristome
being far less thickened.” (Godwin-Austen.)

292. Dioryx urnula, Benson.

Alyceus urnula, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xi, 1853, p. 284; Pfeiffer,
Malak. Bl. i, 1854, p. 88; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1855,
p. 278; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 34; Theobald,
J.A.S. B. xli, part 2 eek 530 ; Hanley & Theobald, Conc h.
Ind. 1874, pl. 91, fies, 8,9; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 40 ; Sowerby, in Rhev e, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceeus,
pl. 2, fig. 13; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 292.

Alycaous (Dioryx) urnwldt Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, iii, 1859,

284 ; Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p, 245; ae Land
x Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 345, pl. 153, f ig. 1; p. 346,
pl. 153, fig. 2 (large var.).

Dior uae urnula, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
XXIX, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p.45; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 340.

Original description :—‘* Testa rimata, vix ta globoso-
conica, levigata, sordide albida, apice acutiusculo, rubescente,
sutura impressa, callum gerente ; anfractibus 3s; alin
ventricoso, exilissime radiato-striato, pone aperturam breviter
constrictiusculo, proxime tubam retroversam, suturalem, elongatam,

202 CYCLOPHORID®.

emittente; apertura circulari verticali integra, peristomate in-
crassato, subduplicato, expanso, subreflexo, breviter adnato 3
operculo aperturam zquante, planato, anfractibus mediocribus,
Sune BUS /pL aus:

“ Diam. 33, alt. 43 mill.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Trotter); Sikkim (Godwin- Austen) ;
Arakan Hills (Nevill); Toroputu, Brahmakand, Garo Hills, Naga
Hills, Jaintia Hills (Godwin- Austen). Burma: Bhamo (Anderson) 5.
Moulmain (Vheobald).

“This interesting species inhabits the same locality as
A. constrictus, described in the tenth volume of the ‘Annals,’
but differs in form and sculpture and in the position of the
sutural callus. The strangulation is less conspicuous than in
other species of Alycceus, and the constriction occurs immediately
behind the peristome; hence the sutural callus also commences.
near the aperture instead of being remote as in the other species.
A brown mark, in the single specimen which has come to hand,
occurs at the point where the callus is given off. The callus lying
in the suture is also longer than in the orbiculate A. strangulatus,
in which it is moderate, or in A. constrictus, where 1t is short.
The number of whorls in the operculum of A. strangulatus is much
ereater, and they are more compactly wound than in either
A. urnula or constrictus 3 in A. urnula the sutures ‘are tolerably
distinct, and the central whorls are shghtly concave; in 4. con-
strictus the sutures are inconspicuous, as originally noted.”

( Benson.)

Var. globosa, Godwin- Austen.
aaa (Dioryx) urnula, var. globosus, Godwin-Austen, Land &
freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 365, pl. 153, fig. 8.
Alyceus (Diory.’) globosus, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viil,
1915, p. 603.

Original description :—* Shell globosely and depressedly conical,
scarcely perforate ; er ae extremely fine costulation next the
sutural tube and still further back, the upper whorls smooth ;
colour pale whitish brown; spire depressed, apex blunt; suture
moderately impressed; sutural tube moderately long; whorls 4,
tumid, constricted close behind the peristome, distance of this
last to base of sutural tube very short; aperture circular ;
peristome double, much thickened, sharply and shortly reflected ;
operculum distantly spiral, central whorl conspicuous, colour
dull vellow.

‘* Major diam. 4:0; alt, axis 3°75 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Brahmakund, Assam (Ogle).

Var. anghamiensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) urnula, var. anghamiensis, Godwin-Austen, Land
& Freshw. Moll. India, i ii, 1914, p. 402, pl. 153, figs. 5, 6.

Original description :—*‘ Shell very globosely conoid, imper-

DIORYX. 208:

forate, with strong epidermis ; sculpture smooth, with distant
strong striation approaching irregular distant costulation ; fine
close costulation as tar back as end of sutural tube ; colour pale
sienna-brown, apex darker; spire subconic, low; apex blunt ;
suture impressed, the sutural tube very long; whorls 4, much
rounded; aperture circular, vertical; peristome compactly
double.

‘Major diam. 4°1; alt. axis. 2°9 mm.’

Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Naga Hills (Godwin- Austen).

“Other specimens were found in the Anghami-Naga Hills.
This is very distinct from typical D. wrnula in “its elobose, tumid
shape. From the Lhota Naga Hills there are five specimens
which come very close to this variety, yet are not quite the same,
aud one is very large, 45 mm. in major diameter and 6 mm. in
height.” (Godwin- “Austen. )

Var daflaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) wnula var., Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv,
part 2, 1876, p. 178.

Alyceus (Dior. yz) urnula, var. da aensis, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p- 360, pl. 158, fig. 4.

Original description :—‘ Higher in the spire, aperture pro-
portionally larger; whorls more rounded, sutural tube only one-
fourth the length, and the ribbing much less fine on the swell of
the whorl—differeneces which by some would be considered quite
sufficient to warrant another name being given to this Dafla form.
Five specimens were found all possessing rabie above character, so
it would appear to be quite constant.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: Niosi Ridge and Tats Peak, Dafla Hills
(Godwin- Austen).

Var. pisum, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) urnula var., Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5. B. lx,
part 2, 1871, p. 93, pl. 5, figs. 4, 4a.

Alyceus (Dioryx) wrnula, var. piswm, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Kreshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, pp. 384, 402, pl. 143, fig. 9, pl. 153,
fig. 3.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid; colour whitish
to pale pink ochraceous; spire moderately high, apex blunt; suture
well impressed ; the tube moderately ‘long ; whorls 4, the last
very tumid; aperture circular; peristome moderately fe kenede ;
operculum miultispiral, central portion rather raised above the
marginal whorls.

“This variety may be known by a more globose shape and a
more depressed spire than in the type species.

* The specimens from Marangsip Peak are most richly coloured
in tints of pink and ochre.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Marangsip Peak, South Jaintia Hills; Nong-
jinghi Trigonometrical Station, 4563 ft., Jaintia Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

204 CYCLOPHORID#.

293. Dioryx varius, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Dioryx) varius, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 402, pl. 157, fig. 7.

Original description :—* Shell turbinate, narrowly perforate ;
sculpture: transverse striation above, finely costulated next the
sutural tube; colour bleached; spire rather high, apex fine;
suture impressed, sutural tube long; whorls 4, rounded, slightly
swollen near sutural tube, constriction near base of it and at some
distance from the peristome, interval smooth and_ straight ;
aperture circular, subvertical; peristome double, solid, thickened
on outer margin, not so on the columellar margin.

“Major diam. 4:0; alt. axis 2°56 mm.”

Hab. India: Lhota Naga Hills (Chennell).

“This is an interesting form, but unfortunately only one
specimen was found. The long sutural tube and the short dis-
tance it is behind the peristome places it in Dioryx, but it differs
very much in the umbilical region and in general shape.”
( Godwin-Austen.)

Genus ALYCAUS, Gray.

Alyceus, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 27; Pfeiffer»
Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 147; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 119;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1855, p. 278; Benson, A. M. N. H-
ser. 3, 111, 1859, p. 176; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860,
p. 487; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xii. 1864, p. 456; id,
J. A. S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98; Martens, Preuss. Exped. Ost-
Asien, Zool. 1, 1867, p. 150; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xl,
part 2, 1871, p. 87; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Fischer,
Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 742; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 1, 1886, p. 186; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 45;
Sarasin, Land-Moll. Celebes, 1899, p. 60; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 341; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 352.

Typr, Cyclostoma gibbum, Eydoux.

Range. India, Burma, Farther India, Malaysia, Southern China,
Japan.

Shell narrowly umbilicated, conical or depressed-conoid ; whorls
convex; the last whorl distorted, compressed, much constricted
before the aperture, provided with a sutural tube; aperture cir-
cular; peristome generally thickened or reflexed; operculum
corneous, many-whorled.

Subgenus ALYCAUS, s. str.

Orthalyceus (part.), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 57 ;
Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr.Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 45.

Alycaeus (subgenus), Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 341.

Trpg, Cyclostoma gibbum, Eydoux.
Range. India, Burma, Nicobars, Farther India, Sunda Islands.

ALYCAUS. 205

Shell conoid or turbinate; constriction more or less distant
from the mouth; operculum ‘can be retracted as far as the con-
striction, which is completely closed by it.

294. Alyczus anonymus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus anonymus (W. BI. MS.), Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 405, pl. 139, figs. 1, la.

Original description :—* Shell turbinate, rather openly umbili-
cated; sculpture: fine regular costulation throughout, gradually
getting coarser near the sutural tube, finer and continued up to
the peristome; colour very pale ochraceous; spire conoid, fairly
high, sides flat; suture impressed ; whorls 4, well rounded, slightly
swelling for the length of the sutural tube, which is moderately
long; aperture nearly circular, oblique; peristome double and
much thickened, slightly reflected.

* Major diam. 6°75; alt. axis 3-5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Akowtong, Thoudaung, and Yenandoung, Pegu.

295. Alyceus barowliensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus barowliensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India
11, 1914, p. 352, pl. 141, fig. 4.

,

Original description: — “Shell conoid, compact, narrowly
umbilicated; sculpture: distant costulation on the upper whorls,
very fine and close next the sutural tube, smooth anterior to it
up to the peristome ; colour bleached ; spire high, conical ; apex
blunt ; suture moderately impressed ; sutural tube long; whorls 4,
constriction slight, distant from aperture, a shght swelling
between the two, aperture oval, rounded below, subangulate on
the lower margin, rounded on the columellar side ; peristome
double and much thickened.

“ Major diam. 3; alt.axis 2mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Barowli River, Akha Hills, Durrang, Assam
(Godwin-Austen).

296. Alyceus beddomei, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus beddomet, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India
li, 1914, p. 386, pl. 149, figs. 5, 5 a.

>

Original description :—* Shell very globosely conoid, rather
closely umbilicated ; sculpture: regular, close costulation next
the long sutural tube, indistinct and distant on the upper whorls,
very fine, close longitudinal liration is very marked; colour pale
umber; spire rather high, conic, apex blunt ; suture very well
impressed; whorls 4, very convex, constriction slight close to
the sutural tube, thence to aperture short ; aperture ovate, sub-
vertical; peristome double, solid on the outer margin, much
reduced in thickness on the inner in four of the shells in which
the peristome was not so mature, angulation was noted on the

2206 CYCLOPHORID.

outer margin by two faint indentations operculum ; rather solid,
horny, concentric.

‘“* Major dian. 4°53; alt axis 2°55 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills (? Muspratt).

297. Alyceus blanfordi, Godwin-Austen,

Alyceus blanfordi (nom, nud.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 39.
Alycaeus (Orthalycacus) bianfordi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
. 45.
Wie blanfordi, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 418, pl. 148, fig. 3.

Original description :—* Shell very globosely conoid, openly
umbilicated ; sculpture: fine, distant, raised costulation on tue
upper whorls, becoming close, and strong contiguous to the sutural
tube ; colour ruddy ochraceous ; spire conoid; suture impressed,
the tube long and thin; whorls 4, well rounded, constriction short,
well marked in front of the tube, then expanding between that
and the aperture; aperture oval, subangulate at upper inner
margin ; an elongate tooth on the upper margin of the peristome,
which is slightly reflected, with an indication of crenation on the
lower; the peristome double and much thickened; operculum
black.

“« Major diam. 3-2; alt. axis 1:25 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Chwegali, Arakan Hills.

NG
iio)
ie)

. Alyceus burti, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus burtti, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xiii, part 2, 1874,
p. 149, pl. 3, fig. 9; id., op. cit. xlv, parc 2, 1876, p. 176 (var.) ;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon, xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 3,
fig. 27 ; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914,
p. 362, pl. 144, figs. 8, 8a.

Alyceus burti, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291.

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) burti, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 342.

Original description :—‘* Shell turbinate, openly umbilicated,
thick, pale ochreous ; shallow but well-marked ribbing on swell of
last whorl and finely costulated on the apex. Spire conoid, apex
sharp, suture well impressed. Whorls 95, the last moderately
swollen, constriction very slight, short, and smooth up to the
peristome ; sutural tube inoderate, rather large at base. Aperture
oblique, laterally oval, angular on inner upper margin, with
4 well-marked notches on the outer margin ; peristome thickened,
double, well reflected, inner lip continuous.

‘Major diam. 0°22” [5:5 min. }, minor diam. 0:19" [4°75 mm.];
alt. 0-15" [8°75 mm.}.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: foot of the Bhutan Himalayas, Akha Hills, at the
debouchement of the Barowlh River, in Durrang, Assam (Burt);
Dihiri Parbat, Burro Gorge (Godwin-Austen).

ALYCAUS. 207

“A variety of it, differing slightly, which is much larger and
more depressed in form, but which in the crenate peristome and
in form of constriction is the same, occurred in the valley of the
Dikrang and in the Yetai Ravine. This variety measures in alt.
0-18 [45 mm.], major diam. 0°25 in. [6°25 mm.].” (Godwin-
Austen, 1. c. 1876.) :

Var. yetaiensis, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus burtii, var. yetaiensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 358, pl. 149, fig. 7.

Original description :—** Shell depressedly and globosely conoid,
very openly umbilicated; sculpture: costulation fine, somewhat
irregular and distant as it approaches the termination of the
sutural tube, it is then close and strong. Behind the aperture it
is quite smooth. Distinct longitudinal striz are to be seen on the
upper whorls; colour dull pale ochraceous ; spire low, apex small,
papillate ; suture much impressed; whorls 43, the last swollen,
smooth portion behind aperture short with no ridges; aperture
circular, slightly angulate above near suture; peristome crenulated
on the outer margin, four depressions with strongly defined inter-
inediate processes, straight above, well rounded on the columellar
side; operculum multispiral, very concave, and outer margin
turned inwards.

“ Major diam, 0°75 [? 7-5], alt. axis 0°3 [?3]. Size of largest:
major diam. 0-9 [? 9], alt. axis 3°5 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

flab. India: Yetay Ravine, No. 24 Peak, Dafla Hills (Godwin-
Austeir).

299. Alyceus chanjukensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus chanjukensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 364, pl. 157, figs. 5, 5 a.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, closely umbili-
cated ; sculpture: fine, rather close costulation on the apical whorls,
strong and close-set next the sutural tube, becoming gradually
finer posteriorly ; colour bleached ; spire high, conieal, apex fine;
suture impressed, sutural tube very long; whorls 44, well rounded
on the sides, the constriction is short; aperture ovately circular,
subvertical ; peristome double, deeply and sharply ecrenulated, 4
deep channels running backwards separated by V-shaped barriers,
and much thickened as viewed from the side; columellar margin
well curved.

* Major diam. 4°58; alt. axis 2°7 mm.”

Hab. India: Chanjuk La, Tsanspu Valley, 4300 ft., Lat. 29° 25’,
Long. 95° 20' (Oakes).

“This may be compared with 4. vesica from the same great
valley, but its spire differs and the crenulation is sharper and finer.
It may also be compared with A, lohitensis from Brahmakund, but
the difference is quite specific.” (Godwin-Austen.)

zO8 CYCLOPHORID 2.

300. Alyceus conicus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus conicus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8S. B. xl, part 2, 1871, p. 87,
ple io, MeSH mc eleey. Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 187 5,
pl. 103, fies. 8, 9; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 386;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 1, fig. 9; Nevill, Hand
list,.7, 1878) ps 290); Godwine Ansten, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1914, p- 387, pl. 145, figs. 4, 4 a, 46.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) conicus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
wees Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
». 45

Hines (Alycaeus) conicus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 342:

Original description :—* Shell narrowly umbilicated, turbinate,
thick, translucent pale corneous, pink or white, quite smooth, with
shining lustre in tresh shells, with very strong regular filiform
costulation on the tumid portion of the last whorl, the sculpture
terminating abruptly both in front and behind with the exception
of some raised strive close behind the termination of the sutural
tube ; indistinct ribbing near the umbilicus. Spire conoid, apex
obtuse; suture impressed; whorls 4-43, rounded, last very
slightly swollen, constricted and enlarging slightly again near the
aperture. Constriction smooth, rather ee: sutural tube
moderate, commencing at 0-045 inch [1°125 mm. | distance from the
mouth. Aperture slichtly oblique, a perfect circle; peristome
double, thick, inner continuous, projecting, slightly expanded, the
outer retrorelict. Operculum horny, multispiral, coneave in
front ; smooth behind, no central boss.

te Major diam. 0-12" [3 mm. | to 0°13” [3°25 mm.!, minor diam.
Ode? 2efoemmi || valtan0 ang P ‘5 mm.]| to 0-11” [2°75 mm.];
diam. of aperture 0°06" [015 mm.]; sutural tube 0°045" [0-11
mae

Hab. Tndia: Limestone Hill and Samiamri, east of the Kopili
River, North Cachar.

“This shell is very close to <Alyceus vestitus, W. Blanford,
but differs in its smaller size, the upper whorls being quite
smooth, and in the ribbing near the sutural tube being more
strongly and coarsely marked and in ending abruptly with it.”
( Godwin-Austen.)

Var. nana, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus conicus, var. nanus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.

India, ii, 1914, p. 388, pl. 158, figs. 6, 6 a, 6 4, 7.

‘“‘ It differs first in the much smaller size, next in the height of
spire, it is altogether smoother, no sign of any distant costulation
on the first w horl, which true conicus shows in some specimens.”
(Godwin- Austen.)

Major diam. 2-6; alt. axis 1-5 mm.

Hab. \ndia: Jatinga Valley, Jhiri Valley, Hengdan Peak, and
Phulong, North Cachar (Godwin-Austen).

ALYORUS. 209

301. Alyceus dikrangensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus dikrangensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 555, pl. 148, figs. 6, 6 a.

Original description :—* Shell somewhat depressedly turbinate,
openly umbilicated, the costulation next the sutural tube is very
fine and close; sculpture becoming coarser but still close towards
the apex; colour stony white; spire pyramidal, apex small;
suture impressed; tube long; whorls 43, regularly increasing,
constriction between peristome and sutural tube short ; aperture
irregularly circular, nearly vertical; peristome double, inner
erenulated, five deep notches, the outer continuous, sharply turned
back.

“ Major diam. 6; alt. axis 3°3 mm.”

Hab. India: Toruputu Peak, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This species might easily be mistaken for <A, lohitensis, the
peristome being very similar, particularly when viewed from the
side, but the costulation is very different, as also the crenulation
on the side of the aperture. It is also close to A. crenulatus of
the Darjiling Hills.” (@odwin- Austen.)

302. Alyceus kamakiaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus kamakiaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 375, pl. 141, fig. 8.

Original description: —* Shell turbinate, moderately umbilicated ;
sculpture: fine well-marked, close costulation extending a little
beyond the length of suture, gradually becoming finer and much
more distant on nearing the apex; colour a brown epidermis,
coming off; spire slightly depressedly conic, apex small; suture
impressed, the sutural tube moderately long; whorls 4; aperture
oval, angular above, the obscure erenulation on outer margin
making it polygonal in outline, sub-oblique; peristome double, not
very thickened ; columellar margin vertically curved.

“ Major diam. 2°5; alt. axis 1:2mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India; Kamakia Temple Hill, near Gowhatty, Assam
(Godwin-Austen).

303. Alyczus levis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus levis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 394, pl. 188, figs. 3,3 4,

Original description: —* Shell depressedly globose, umbilicus open ;
sculpture: shell a good deal worn, but very fine close costulation
next the sutural tube ; colour bleached ; spire conical, depressed ;
apex rounded ; suture moderately impressed, sutural tube long ;
whorls 42, slight constriction in front of tube and then slightly

P

210 CYCLOPHORID®.

swelling again; aperture circular ; peristome double, simple, much
thickened ; columellar margin rounded ; operculum black.

“‘ Major diam. 6; alt. axis 2°7 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Munipur.

“Tt is in form exceedingly lke a very large Alyceus from
Burma, -4. magnus, but about half as small.” (Godwin-Austen.)

304. Alyceus logtakensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus logtakensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
i, 1914, p. 594, pl. 155, fig. 6.

Original description :—** Shell closely umbilicated, globosely
pyramidal ; sculpture: distant, strong costulation on the upper
whorls, close, well raised and stronger at the sutural tube, and
finely so anterior to it; colour whitish; spire high conical, apex
rather pointed, suture mederately impressed, the sutural tube
fairly long; whorls 4, the last moderately swollen and slightly
constricted in front of the sutural tube; aperture oval, strongly
angulate above near suture, rounded on outer margin ; peristome
double, very thick as viewed from the side, well reflected, the outer
somewhat protruded and angulate on the lower margin.

“* Major diam. 3°43; alt. axis 1-6 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Logtak Lake, Munipur.

305. Alyczus lohitensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus lohitensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 362, pl. 187, figs. 1, 1 a.

Original description :-—“ Shell turbinate, umbilicus open; sculp-
ture fine, rather close costulation, close, coarser and well defined
near the sutural tube, which is long; colour stony white; spire

rather high, apex fine; suture slightly impressed ; whorls 43, the
three apical small ; aperture circular, slightly angulate on upper
margin, with four distinct crenulations below ; peristome double,
thickened, not expanded, crenulation only slightly shown on out-
side, the inner sharply folded back ; columellar margin rounded ;

operculum smooth, black.

“ Major diam. 4°5; alt. axis 3°5 mm,’

Hab. India: Brahmakund, Lohit V ater. Eastern Assam (Ogle).

‘This may be compared with the Duafla Hulls species 4. burtii
and A.rugosus, but the form of the aperture differs considerably.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

306. Alyceus magnus, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus magnus, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. ae
id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1914, p. 395, pl.
fios. 1p eAC

Alycaeus (Orthalycueus) magnus, Kubelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak, Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 46.

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) magnus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 346.

ALYCUS. Pala

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, rather closely
umbilicated, thick ; sculpture: fine regular costulation next the
sutural tube, becoming finer’and more irregular on the apical
whorls; colour, specimen bleached; spire conoid, rounded, apex
blunt; suture moderately impressed, the sutural tube long and
well developed; whorls 5, the last much swollen, the constriction
near the base of the sutural tube slightly swelling towards the
aperture; aperture oblique, circular, with a slight angulation
above; peristome double, continuous, strong, slightly expanded
and reflected, the inner with a flange on the umbilical margin.

Fig. 33.—Alyceus magnus. (X 2.)

“ Major diam, 11, min. diam. 8°8; alt. axis 5-25 mm,”

Hab. India: Naga Hills (Musprait).
“Tt is a giant, yet modified, form of A. nagaensis, from Asalu,
but it is more closely umbilicated and the costulation, for its
reater size, is much finer; it is also more globose, and more
rounded at the apex.” (Godwin- Austen.)
The specimen figured is in the British Museum, received from
Col. Beddome, and is evidently a co-type.

307. Alyceus margarita, Theobald.

Alyceus margarita, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, p. 39,
pl. 95, fig. 10 (not pl. 97, fig. 7); Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 293.

Alycaeus ( Orthalycaeus) margarita, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 417.

Alycaeus ( Alycaeus) margarita, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

. 347,

Alyceus (Cycloryx) margarita, Godwin- Austen, Land & Freshw.

Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 416.

Theobald states that the shell is related to A. graphicus, but
that it differs in form, sculpture, and colouring. Godwin-Austen
refers the shell figured on plate 97, fig. 7, of Conch. Ind. to

P2

212 CYCLOPHORID®.

A, sculptilis. No description of A. margarita has been given, but
judging from figure 10 on pl. 95 of Conch. Ind., it appears to
be conoid, narrowly umbilicated, composed of 44 or 5 whorls, the
earlier reddish, the last bluish white, strongly and distantly
ribbed; aperture subcircular, scarcely oblique, with double
peristome, the inner continuous, projecting, the outer expanded ;
major diam. 3°25 mm.
Hab. Burma: Shan States (/edden).

308. Alyceus mundulus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus mundulus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ui, 1914, p. 357, pl. 149, fig. 8.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, umbilicated ;
sculpture rather strong, regular costulation on the upper whorls,
conspicuous, as next the suture ib is peculiarly fine and regular ;
colour white; spire high, about halt the diameter, apex fine ;
suture impressed, the sutural tube moderately long; whorls 4,
well rounded, constriction slight and scarcely any swelling ;
aperture oblique, ovate, the upper outer margin protruded for-
wards, behind the aperture; peristome simple, double, rounded
below, angulate near suture, nearly vertical on the columellar
side.

“ Major diam. 4°5; alt. axis 2°25 mm.”

Hab. India: Toruputu, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen),.

“Tn form it is curiously like A. commutatus, an allied sub-
species, as well as in the type of sculpture and the operculum,
but the aperture is quite distinct.” (Godwin-Austen.)

309. Alyceus nattoungensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus pusillus, Theobald, J. A. 5. B, xli, 1872, p. 380,

Alyceus pusillus var. (? distinct species), Nevill, Hand List. i, 1878,
p- 291. :

Alyceus nattoungensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 410, pl. 155, figs. 15, 15 a.

Original deseription:—* Shell conoid, base rather flat; sculpture :
strong well-defined costulation next the sutural tube, sueceeded
by fine distant and irregular; colour whitish, apex pinkish; spire
fairly high; suture impressed, the sutural tube long; whorls 35,
rounded, the last scarcely constricted close to the sutural tube,
thence very flat to the aperture; aperture oval, subvertical ;
peristome is reflected, not double, but it is not quite fully
developed.

“ Major diam. 2°5; alt. axis 1-1 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Nattoung Hills, Pegu ( Zheobald),

«This species in its small size and general form is like
A, pusillus, G.-A., of the Jaintia Hills, but a close examination
shows marked departure, seen particularly well, when viewed from

ALYC. EUS. 213

above, in the very short sutural tube of A. pusi/lus—the very
short costulated portion of the whorl and its smooth glossy sur-
face, and generally flatter apex.” (Godwin- Austen.)

310. Alyceus nowgongensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus nowgongensis, Godwin-Avsten, Land & Freshw. Mell.
India, ii, 1914, p. 397, pl. 137, figs. 4, 4a, 40.

Original description :—* Shell rather openly umbilicated, de-
pressedly turbinate; sculpture: fine regular costulation, terminates
short of the length of the sutural tube, succeeded by well-marked
distant ribs; colour white, bleached; spire conic, somewhat de-
pressed; suture well impressed, sutural tube moderately long ;
whorls 4, well rounded, the last constricted close to base of sutural
tube, then slightly swollen diagonally forward to the peristome ;
aperture circular, simple, slightly angulate at upper outer anele ;
peristome double, the outer reflected and spreading outwards.

“Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1-+ mm.”

Hab. India: Koliaghur, Nowgong District, Assam ( Godwin-
Austen).

“Tn the form of the inflation in front of the constriction this
species recalls A. diagonius, but its shape is quite different and it
is much more openly umbilicated. I found this single specimen
on the low granite hill of Koliaghur in the ruins of an old temple.
The Brahmaputra washes the base of the hill, a terminal spur
from the Lhota Naga Hills on the south.” ( Godwin-Austen.)

311. Alyceeus oglei, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus oglei, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 362, pl. 148, fig. 2.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, umbilicated ;
sculpture: close regular costulation on the swollen part of the
last whorl, at termination of the suture becoming more distant ;
colour bleached; spire high, turbinate, apex small; suture very
impressed, the sutural tube very long; whorls 4, with very
rounded sides, very slightly constricted at the sutural tube and
expanded slightly to the aperture, this portion short and smooth ;
the aperture subvertical, horizontally oval, slightly angulate on
upper inner margin; peristome double, thickened, crenulated,
with four indentations, the first high on outer margin. The
operculum (Dihing specimen) is remarkable, being multispiral and
deeply concave in front.

“Major diam. 5°5; alt. axis 2°9 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Sadia and Dihing, Assam (Ogle).

>

312. Alyceus panggianus, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus panggiana, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 367, pl. 156, figs. 3, 3a.
Original description :— “ Shell openly umbilieated, globosely
conical, sculpture fine; close costulation next the sutural tube,

214 CYCLOPHORID®.

succeeded by much stronger and more distant, towards the apex
becoming very fine; colour whitish; spire moderately high, apex
small ; suture moderately impressed ; whorls 4, well rounded, the
last smooth and straight from sutural tube to the aperture ;
aperture circular ; peristome well rounded on the inner margin,
well crenulated on the outer in 5 folds; operculum multispiral,
sutures distant, intermediate space diagonally striate, with well-
marked lines of growth.

‘* Major diam. 4; alt. axis 1°6 mm.”

Hab. India: Sibbum, Abor Hills (Oakes).

“‘T name this species after the Abor Clan Panggi, of which the
principal stockaded vill age is Sibbum.

‘The sutural tube is bent on itself in this particular specimen,
and must be abnormal, for although I have now handled hundreds
of shells of this genus, | have never seen one like it before.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

3513. Alyceus perplexus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus perplerus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
11, 1914, p. 380, pl. 155, fig. 11.

Original description :—‘** Shell globosely conical, openly pertor-
ated; sculpture smooth to eye, but it is extremely fine close
costulation, close and fairly strong on swollen portion near the
sutural tube, which is long and very fine; colour strong ochraceous
brown; spire high conic; suture well impressed; whorls 4, well
rounded, the constriction slight in front of the sutural tube, then
swelling slightly towards the aperture, this is oval, subangulate
above, subvertical on columellar side; peristome double shglitly
reflected, much broader on outer margin than on the inner;
operculum closely multispiral, pale in colour, with a rather
deep central depression.

** Major diam. 3°75 mm.’

Hab. India: Khasi Hills.

‘This species is not far removed from A. theobaldi ; it is smaller
and more conical, the aperture differs considerably as well as the
sculpture.” (Godwin-Austen.)

314. Alyceus politus, Lianford.

Alyceus politus, Blanford, J. A. 8S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 83; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, le 94, fies, 1-3; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 60; lnheoial Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus,
pl. 5, p. 89; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 187 ;p- 292 5 Codenmeccueat
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 422, pl. 139, figs. 5,5 a.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) politus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 46.

Alycaeus ( Alycaeus) politus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 348.

Original description :—“ Shell moderately umbilicated, tur-
binately depressed, smooth, polished, shining, amber-coloured.

ALYCEUS. 215

Spire depressly conoidal ; suture deep: apex obiuse, rather redder
than the remainder of the shell. Whorls 33. convex; the last
round, scarcely descending towards the mouth, very little swollen
at the side, and ornamented on the inflated portion for a short
distance with close fine costulation, which extends beneath to the
umbilicus and renders the shel] opaque in that spot. Constriction
long, smooth, swelling considerably in front towards the mouth,
sutural tube short, about } to } of the periphery of the penultimate
whorl. Aperture oblique, circular, deeply sinuate at the junction
with the penultimate whorl, and at the lower right margin ;
peristome double, the inner lip projecting and continuous,
outer lip retrorelict. Operculum horny, multispiral, externally
concave.

“Major diameter 3, minor ditto 2}, axis 1j mm.”

Hab. Burma: Phoung do, near Cape Negrais, Arakan.

‘Very near A. humilis, W. Blanf., from Pegu, but distinguished
by its lower spire, wider umbilicus, more sinuous mouth, and
especially by its high polish, in which it is only equalled by
A. nitidus, W. Blanf. * (Blanford.)

315. Alyceus pusillus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus pusillus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8S. B. xl, part 2, 1871, p. 89,
pl. 3, figs. 3, 3a,36; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 105, figs. 7 i kO Peiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 888 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in
oe Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 1, fig. 7 ; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 290; ‘Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
ae ii, 1914, p. 379, pl. 143, figs. 6, 6 a, 6 b.

Alycacus (Orthalycaeus) pusillus, ~Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

p. 46. : ; ;
Alycaeus (Alycaeus) pusillus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

p. 348.

Original description: —*< Shell depressedly turbinate, moderately
umbilicated, thin, translucent, vitreous, pale horny, smooth, rarely
showing any signs of costulation ; the sculpture when present is
very fine and distant ; closely and regularly ribbed on the expansion
of the last) whorl, also within the umbilicus. Spire depressedly
conoid, apex blunt, suture moderately impressed, whorls 33, the
last scarcely swollen. Constriction very slight, smooth, sutural tube
very short and thick; aperture oblique, round, peristome double,
inner continuous, both lips expanded. Operculum thin, horny,
transparent, multispiral, slightly concave and without central boss
at back.

“‘ Major diam. 0°09 [2°25 mm.], minor 0°075 [1:875 mm.]; alt.
0-055" [1°375 mm.]; diam. of apertare 0°035 [0-875 mm.];
sutural tube 0-012 [0°3 mm. }.”

Hab. India: Jawai, Jaintia Hills, Kopili (Godwin-Austen).

“This species is very similar to A. humilis, described by
Mr. W. T. Blanford from Akouktong, Burma, but this last

216 CYCLOPHORID A,

is a larger, thicker shell, and the outer lip is reflected near
the umbilicus which is not so open, as in the new shell above
deseribed.” (Godwin-Austen.)

316. Alyceus pyramidalis, Lenson,

Alyceus pyramidalis, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 225 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 33; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, 1, 1860, p. 126,
pl. 85, figs. 13, 14; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 91,
fies. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 1, fig. 6;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 298; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 427, pl. 156, figs, 6, 6 a. iit?

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) pyramidalis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 46.

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) pyramidalis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 348.

Original description: —‘*Testa perforata, pyramidato-conica,
leviuscula, confertim oblique arcuto-striatula, albido-carnea, apicem
versus rubella; spira pyramidata, suture valde impressa, apice
obtusiusculo; anfractibus 54 valde convexis; ultimo postice
inflato, tum constricto, deinde subtumido, aperturam versus
latiori, tubulo calloso, elongato, retroverso, suturali, pone con-
strictionem oriente, munito; apertura obliqua, subcireulari;
peristomati duplici, imterno continuo, expansiusculo, externo
expanso, reflexiusculo, anfractu penultimo previssime angulatim
adnato, superne antice sinuato, tum arcuato, ad umbilicum leviter
emarginato. Operculo ?

“< Long. 12, axis 10, lat. 10 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Therabuin Hill, Tenasserim Valley (Zheobald).

“‘ Nearly related to the Cochin-Chinese Alyceus gibbus, Fér., but
easily to be distinguished by its more pyramidal growth and by the
greater length of the spire in proportion to the breadth of the
last whorl, its more symmetrical proportions, sculpture, ete. The
origin of the sutural tube is about 4 millimetres from the anterior
margin of the aperture. This shell was met with at no other
place in the district, and seemed restricted to a spot of a few acres
in circumference. The hill is of limestone, steeply scarped and
almost inaccessible.” (Benson.)

317. Alyceus reinhardti, J/érch.

Alyeeus (Charax) reinhardi, Moérch, Vid. Medd. 1872, p. 22; id.,.
Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 315.

Alyceus reinhardi, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 62;
Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 295.

es (Charax) reinhardti, Moérch, Journ. Conchyl. xxiv 1876,
p- 362.

ALYCEUS. PHA

Alycaus reinhardti, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877, p. 146;
Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 455; id., Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 431.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) reinhardi, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 46. ;

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) reinhardti, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1202, p. 349.

Alyceus nicobaricus (Mérch), Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx,
1877, Alyceus, pl. 4, fig. 29.

Original description:—T. conoideo-turbinata, anguste umbilicata,
conferte costulato-striata, lineis confertis spiralibus in anfr. ultimo
evanescentibus; color flavescens vel ochraceus presertim in anfr.
apicalibus ; spira regulariter turbinata, apice obtusiusculo ; antr.
convexi, ultimus teres, ad suturam 2 mill. pone aperturam
constrictus ; crista indistincta pone aperturam. Pone stricturam
tubulus filiformis, in ipsa sutura repens et recurrens, longissimus
(3 mill.). Apertura cireularis, obliqua, superne angulata; peri-
stoma duplex, labro externo tenui, reflexo, interno subincrassato,
vix reflexo, umbilicum versus fere connato.— Diam. maj. 5 mill. ;
diam. apert. 24 mill.

“Opereulum calcarium, flavum, extus concayum, irregulare,
spiraliter laminosum, striis incrementi peripheriam versus expressis,
intus planum, leve, mamilla centrali; peripheria marginata, acie
suleo diviso.— Diam. 14 mill.” (Mdéreh.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands: Kar Nicobar (Ajellerup); MKamorta
(Roepstorf ),

318. Alyceus rotundatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus rotundatus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 359, pl. 154, fiz. 6,

Original description :—* Shell well umbilicated, globosely conoid,
with a strong epidermis; sculpture indistinct and somewhat
irregular, fine costulation on upper whorls, close and fine on the
swollen portion near the rather long sutural tube ; colour umber-
brown; spire moderately high, apex fine; suture impressed;
whorls 4, rounded, between the sutural tube and the aperture
there is a slight swelling, this part quite smooth; aperture
irregularly oval, slightly angulate above ; peristome simple, double,
somewhat thickened on lower margin, curved on the columellar
side, slightly reflected.

“ Major diam. 4°8; alt. axis 2°2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Dafla Hills.

Similar to A. sylheticus.

319, Alyceus rubinus, Godwin-Ausien.
Alyceus rubinus, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1895, p. 594;
id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p.3, pl. 68, figs. 2, 2a;
id., op. cit. ii, 1914, p. 412.

918 CYCLOPHORID &.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) rubinus, WKobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
. 46.
Gitiee (Alycaeus) rubinus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 351.

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, closely um-
bilicated, of thin texture, the ieee whorl not much swollen ;
sculpture very fine close ribbing adjacent to the sutural tube, rest
of shell smooth, with distant fine strize ; colour olivaceous ochre ;
spire conic, sides rounded; suture impressed; whorls 4, sides
rounded, slightly constricted in front of the sutural tube, which
is fine and moderately long ; aperture oblique, circular ; peristome
thin, reflected, the double lips being scarcely perceptible, a shght
nick on the upper margin.

“ Major diam. 6; alt. axis 5 mm.” (G@odwin- Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Ruby Mines District, Upper Burma (Doherty).

320. Alyceus sculpturus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus sculpturus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xliv, part 2, 1875,
Pople 4, Us = 2c; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, Dewi ; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 598, pl. 145, figs. 6, 6a, 6.5.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) sculpturus, Kobelt & Te ee Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 46.

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) sculpturus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 351.

Original description :—** Shell closely umbilicated, turbinate,
horny or grey, with distant well- marked costulation on the upper
whorls, smooth below, finely ribbed on swollen part of the whorl,
still more finely on the constricted portion; spire subeonoid ;
whorls 4, the last slightly swollen, then constricted and slightly
swelling again towards the peristome, which is longitudinally
undulated; sutural tube moderate; aperture oblique, waved ;
peristome thickened, expanded a little, double, with four deep
undulations on the outer margin and one less developed on the
lower, the first undulation forming a deep notch on the peristome
near its junction with the last whorl. Operculum as in A.
erispatus, mili.

** Major diam. O14 [3-5 mm.], minor diam. 0°10 [2:5 mm.], alt.
0-08 inch [2 mm. }j.”

Hab. India: hill ranges near Tellizo Peak to the eastward,
Sikhami, Lahupa Naga Hills. Burma: Musching and Laisen.,
AAU STBE

‘This species is very close to A. erispatus, G.-A., from the
Khasi and Jaintia Hills, ... . but is a much more closely
wound shell —a character which, when a large series of the two
were placed side by side, was found to be constant; and this,
with the absence of the ridge on the constriction, marks it as
distinct.” (Godwin-Austen.)

ALYCEUS. 219

321. Alyceus serratus, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus serratus, Godwin-Austen, J.A.S.B. xlili, part 2, 1874,
p. 148, pl. 3, tigs. 6, 6a, 66; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 40; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 400, pl. 144, tigs. 6,
6a, 66.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) serratus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

p. 46. . '
Alycaeus ( Alycaeus) serratus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. dol.
Original description: —* Shell very closely umbilicated, turbinate,

rather thin, pale corneous or dark brown, finely costulated on
tumid portion of the last whorl; rest of shell smooth, with shining
surface; suture moderately impressed. Spire conoid, apex pointed.
Whorls 4, rounded, the last very slightly tumid, constricted and
eularged into a low, recurved ridge. Sutural tube moderate.
Aperture subvertical, circular, very ‘finely notched on lower and
outer margin ; peristome double, thick, the outer reflected on the
inner margin. Operculurm ine pale horny, flat in front.

“ Major diam. 0°10" [2°5 mm.], minor diam. 0-09" [2°25 mm.] ;
alt. 0-09" [2°25 mm].”

Hab. Burma: Laisen Trig]. Station, Munipur Hills.

“In the thickened rounded form of the peristome this species
assimilates to A. conicus, but the minute notches on the inner
margin ave peculiar and unlike what is seen in any form I am
acquainted with. It seems intermediate between the above
(A. stoliczkai| and A. diayonius.” (Godwin- Austen.)

322. Alyceus sibbumensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus sibbumensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
il, 1914, p. 367, pl. 156, figs. 4, 4 a.

Original description :—‘* Shell globosely conoid, solid, well
umbilicated ; sculpture : very fine, close transverse costulation near
apex, becoming more distant on the 3rd whorl, extremely fine
and close next the long sutural tube; there is an indieation of
distant Jongitudinal liration also at this part; a few distant in-
distinct linge cross the smooth portion in front of the constriction ;
colour whitish stone; spire fairly high; suture well impressed ;
whorls 4, sides well rounded, the last very tumid; aperture nearly
circular, subvertical on the columellar side ; ; peristome double, very
much fickencd on the outer margin, less so on the inner.

** Major diam. 6°7 ; alt. axis 3 mm.’

Hab. India: Sibbum, Abor Hills (Oakes).

‘« The sculpture, particularly that of the swollen portion of the
last whorl, near the sutural tube, is characteristic of several
species of Alycat of the Abor Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

220 CYCLOPHORID®.

323. Alycxus sylheticus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus TEAROSTS: Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,.
ui, 1914, p. 582, pl. 154, figs. 4, 4a.

Original deemed :—‘* Shell globosely conoid, openly umbih-
cated ; sculpture: strong costulation and rather distant at the
base of the sutural tube, becoming closer posteriorly: on the
upper wherls the costulation is distant ; colour dull white, with a
pink apex; spire rather depressedly conoid, apex blunt ; suture
moderately impressed ; whorls 4, the last swelling next the sutural
tube, which is fairly elongate—constriction short, then swelling
slightly forwards ; aperture horizontally ovate, angular at the
upper inner margin, rounded below ; peristome double, the outer
reflected and expanded to an extreme extent on the columellar side.

** Major diam. 2°6; alt. 1-7 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: South Sylhet Hills (Chennell).

324, Alycxus vesica, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus vesica, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11,
1914, p. 568, pl. 149, fig. 10.

Original description :—‘* Shell very globosely conoid, with a

strong epidermis; sculpture: strong close costulation from the

long sutural tube backwards on the swollen portion of the whorl,
becoming very fine on the whorls above; colour pale ochraceous
brown ; spire rather high, apex small and fine; suture impressed ;
whorls 208 closely-w puma: constriction short, saith. then swelling
much round to the left front of the shell; aperture oval, angulate
on upper margin, subvertical; peristome strongly crenulated,
with four deep channels, double, thick, vertical, and sinuate on the
columellar margin.

“Major diam. 6°75; alt. axis 4mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: Bapu Peak, Abor Hills.

325. Alyczus vestitus, Dlanford.
Alyceus vestitus, Blanford. J. A. 8. B. xxxi, 1864, p. 188; id., op.
cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 54; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 103, fig. 4;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Wonch! Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. Ie fier 3; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 4: OA, pl. 159,

fics. 2, 2a.
Alycacus (Orthalycaeus) vestitus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.

Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum., 1899,
p. 47.

Alycaeus ( Alycaeus) vestitus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 852.

Original description :—‘ Testa subanguste umbilicata, turbinata,
solida, epidermide decidua, crassa, subtestacea, sordide albida,
conferte, ad spatium inflatum confertissime costulata, induta, sub
epidermide rubella, levis, spatio inflate costulato-striata. Spira
conoidea, apice obtusa, sutura impressa. Anfr. 43 rotundati,
ultimus teres, ad Jatus parum inflatus. Stricture brevis, versus

ALYCAEUS. O27

aperturam vix tumidior, Tubuluin suturale mediocre. Apertura
fere verticalis, circularis, majuscula: peristoma duplex; interno
continuo, externo expansulo, ab interno sulco separato, ad anfr.
penultimum breviter mterrapto.

“Diam. maj. 5, min, 33, alt. vix 3; apert. diam. 14 mm. Var.
minor. Diam. maj. 4, min. 3, alt. 2; mm.”

Hab. Burma: Arakan Hills, banks of Pado Khyoung, Henzada
District ; Moditoung.

“This species is not affined to any known form. It is perhaps
nearer to the little group to which A. graphicus belongs than to
any other, but it has not the short sutural tube nor the ovately
conoid form which characterizes that section of the genus, The
shortness of the constriction, and the very slight degree in which
it expands towards the aperture, connect this form somewhat with
the section Diorya of Mr. Benson.” (Blanford.)

Var. akyabensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus vestitus, var. akyabensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 425, pl. 195, fig. 7.

Original description :—‘ Shell moderately umbilicated, glo-
bosely conical, solid; sculpture: apical whorls smooth, then
succeeds fine close costulation, stronger next suture, adjacent to
the long and fully-developed sutural tube, the costulation is fine
and very close together; colour pale ochraceous ; spire moderately
high, apex rather blunt; suture impressed; whorls 43, very
rounded, the constriction moderate, the distance from tube to the
aperture short and smooth; aperture circular, subangulate above,
subvertieal; peristome double, continuous, curved on the inner
margin, the outer slightly reflected.

Major diam. 4-20 ; alt. axis 2°4 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Baumi, Akyab (Zheobald).

“A much more globose shell than true vestitus. Side of spire
slightly concave.” (Godwin- Austen.)

326. Alyceus vulcani, Blanford.

Alyceus vuleant, Blanford, J.A.5. B. xxxui, 1863, p. 323; id., op.
cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 47; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ili, 1869, p. 449, pl. 98, figs. 37-39 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 96, figs. 8, 9; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch,
Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 2, tig. 17; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 294; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914,
p- 413, pl. 151, figs. 5, 5 a.

Alycacus (Orthalycaeus) vulcani, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malax. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899,
04 AT.

Pie (Alycaeus) vuleani, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 392.

Original description:—* Shell moderately umbilicated, de-
pressedly turbinate, thin, translucent, varying in colour from

222 CYCLOPHORID&.

amber to nearly white, rather closely costulated throughout, more
strongly upon the inflated portion of the last whorl, and very
closely ribbed within the umbilicus. Spire conoid, apex blunt,
deep rufous; suture impressed. Whorls 4, rounded, the last
moderately swollen at the side, then constricted, and swelling again
shehtly towards the mouth. Constriction smooth; sutural tube
of moderate length, about 2mm. Aperture oblique, round, peri-
stome crenulately waved on the outer edge, the lowest crenulation
forming a rudimentary channel at the base; peristome double,
the imner alone continuous, both lips somewhat expanded.
Operculum thin, horny, distinctly multispiral, very concave exter-
nally, internally convex and with a eta ens central nucleus.

e “Major diam. 43, minor ditto 383, alt. 3; diam. ap. 14 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Puppa Peak, Ava, Upper Burma.

‘Tt isa more globose form than either A. succineus, mihi, or
A. polygonoma, mihi, to which it is allied. The crenulation of the
mouth is perhaps more marked than in any other Burmese
species.” (Blanford.)

“ ... the costulation at the base of the sutural tube is
particularly strong, and at first distant,and I would call attention
to the well-marked distant fine costulation on the smooth part of
the whorl anterior to this, the four coste behind the peristome
are very noticeable. The same species has been collected at Ava;
in all the examples I have looked at, the peristome is less crenu-
lated and in two or three is hardly noticeable. The ribbing behind
the peristome is quite as strongly developed.” (Godwin-Austen.)

327. Alyceus yamneyensis, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus yamnayensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 368, pl. 156, fig. 2.
Alyceus yamneyensis, Godwin-Austen, op. cit. p. 441; id., Ree.
Ind. Mus. viii, 1915, p. 505,

Original description :—*« Shell umbilicated, very globosely conoid ;
sculpture above fine, distinct horizontal striz superimposed by
fine regular and distant costulation—fine regular costulation on
the swollen part next the sutural tube; spire high, apex small,
acute; suture impressed, the sutural tube very long; whorls 5,
the last very rounded and swollen; the constriction is sharp, the
distance to the aperture short, smooth, and nearly flat; aper-
ture irregularly oval, curving above, nearly vertical on the
columellar side; peristome thickened, double and_ strongly
crenulate on the outer margin, with three conspicuous ridges,
above these the inner lip is much thickened, the outer lip has a
marked expansion on the inner lower margin.

oy ave diam, 7°25; alt. axis 4 mm. (type).

rae (5 aa. (largest).”

Hab. India: Sinha Valley, Abor Hills (Oakes).

ALYCZEUS. 223

“This species is of the type of A. Oglei, of the Noa Dihing Valley,
south of the Brahmapuira, but is far larger, more globose, with
a finer apex, and much stronger peristome. A. aborensis is also
a close ally, but differs in form, slight crenulation, and the very
ditferent costulation on the swell of the last whorl.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

Subgenus CHAMALYCAHUS, Kobelt § Moéllendorff.
Orthalycaeus (part.), Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 57.
Chamalycaens, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.

xxix, 1897, p. 151; id. Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 47; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 352.
Type (first species), Alyceeus andamanie, Benson,

Range. India, Burma, Andamans, Nicobars, Farther India,
Southern China, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines.

Shell depressed turbinate to discoid; constriction and sutural
tube as in subgenus Alyceus.

328. Alycxus aboreusis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus aborensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
i, 1914, p. 364, pl. 149, fig. 9.

Original description :-—** Shell umbilicated, very globosely
eonoid, the sutural tube very long, so that the end is visible when
the shell is viewed from the front; sculpture: fine costulation on
the three apical whorls, with regular, very fine longitudinal
striation and succeeded by fine transverse striation and very fine
close costulation next the suture; colour bleached; spire rather
high, apex small ; suture impressed ; whorls 4, well rounded, the
last much swollen, becoming much smaller near the constriction
and swelling slightly again towards the aperture; aperture oval,
obliquely angulate on upper margin, vertical on inner side,
curving; peristome double, the inner sinuately and moderately

oD

erenulate on outer lower margin.

‘Major diam. 7°75; alt. axis 4 mm.”

Hab, India: Bapu Peak, Abor Hills (Oukes).

“In the extremely fine costulation of the swollen part of the
whorl next the suture, this species approaches A. omissus of the
Shan States.” (Godwin- Austen.)

329. Alyceus andamaniaz, Benson.

Alyceus andamanie, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, vii, 1861, p. 28;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 47; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 91, tigs. 7, 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit,
India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. Kose
Alyceus, pl. 2, fig. 10; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 295;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll, India, li, 1914, p. 480.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) andamaniae, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

p. 47; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 352.
Original description :— A testa aperte umbilicata, conoideo-
depressa, remote radiato-plicatula, plicis regionis inflate confertis,.

Qo4 CYCLOPHORID.E.

superne subtusque rugis flexuosis spiralibus remotiusculis seulpta,
ferrugineo-rubente, apice rubido, subtus pallidiore, pone aperturam
cornea; spira primo planiuscula, apicem versus papillarem obtusum
excerta, sutura profundiuscuia; anfractibus4, convexis, ultimo rotun-
dato, antice descendente, tubulo suturali retroverso brevi; aper-
tura majuscula circulari integra; peristomate subdiplici, margine
undique expansiusculo, extus fuscato. Opere. Q

* Diam. major 5, minor 4; alt. 3 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Andaman Islands, Port Blair (//aughton) ; Nicobar Islands
(Stoliczka).

330. Alyczus bhutanensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus bhutanensis, Golwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
11, 1914, p. 350, pl. 148, fig. 8.

Original description :—* Shell depressedly globose; sculpture:
extremely fine longitudinal liration crossed by fine close costula-
tion, on the upper whorls, close and much stronger next the
sutural tube; colour pale horny; spire low, apex small, suture
impressed; whorls 4, the last much swollen on the long sntural
tube, constriction hardly to be seen, distance from tube to aperture
very short; aperture rather broadly oval, curved on the columellar
margin, 8 shallow notches, and 3 subvertical-elongate teeth ;
peristome double, evenly reflected, strong.

“Major diam. 71; alt. 3°9 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Bhutan Frontier, probably on Eastern, or Aka
Hills, side.

331. Alyceus brahma, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus brahma, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
i, 1886, p. 195, pl. 48, fig. 3; id., op. cit. 11, 1914, p. 368 (var.).
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) brahma, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,

p- 47; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 353.

Original description :—* Shell turbinate, umbilicated ; sculpture
very fine, longitudinal or spiral hair-like striz, crossed by distant
costulation, the ribs alternately very fine; colour whitish grey ;
spire high-conic, apex fine; suture impressed, the tube long ;
whorls 4, well rounded, the swollen portion regularly ribbed
for the length of the sutural tube, then blending gradually into
finer costulation, the last suddenly flattened just within the
umbilical region, constricted sharply just beyond the base of the
sutural tube, then straight and cylindrical up to the reflected
inner lip; peristome oblique, crenulated on the outer lower
margin, with four notches, solid, double, and much reflected ;
operculum multispiral, with a central dark depression.

“ Major diam. 5, alt. axis 4 mm.”

Hab. India: Brahmakund (Ogle); Dihing Valley, Singpho
Hills (Ogle) (var.).

ALYCAUS. 225

“This shell in its simple straight portion of the whorl at the
constriction shows a resemblance to the Asalu species figured by
mein the J. A.S, B. 1871, fig. 3, which I then thought a variety of
A, ingrami; but it is quite distinct, and the Asalu species | now
name A, bicrenatus.” (Godwin-Austen.)

382. Alyceus busbyi, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus busbyi, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 595;
id., op. cit. 1895, p. 455; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1897, p. 5, pl. 63, figs ad, Op. cit. 11, 1914, p. 431.

Alycacus (Chamalycacus) bustyt, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
0. 47.

Wino ieus (Chamalycaeus) busbyi, Kobelt & Mollendorff, op. cit. xxi,
1899, p. 137; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 105; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 353. ,

Original description :—‘‘Shell turbinate, of tumid form, widely
unibilicated ; sculpture smooth, fine ribbing near the sutural tube
and still finer below; colour pale ochraceous; spire moderately
high, apex blunt; suture deep, the sutural tube short and thick ;
Ww heats +3, very momnded the last much swollen and compressed
within the umbilical cavity, constriction simple, slight ; aperture
oblique circular ; peristome double, the outer lip flat and ex-
panding at right angles to the whorl.

** Major diam. 75; alt. axis 3mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands (Busby).

333. Alyczus canaliculus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus canaliculus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ui, 1914, p. 571, pl. 154, fig. 11.

Original description:—‘‘ Shell umbilicated, globose; sculpture
smooth: rather irregular, close, oblique, fine ribbing, not
amounting to costulation until nearing the sutural tube, where
strong costulation comes in; colour pale ochraceous; spire rather
high, apex blunt; suture well impressed, the sutural tube shortish
and stout; whorls 4, tumid and rounded, the last is sharply con-
stricted just in front of the sutural tube, and expands again into
a narrow ridge, which crosses the whorl diagonally to the edge of
the peristome and then splays forward above; aperture circular,
oblique angulate above; peristome double, strong, with a decided
notch or channel on the lower margin, s slightly rounded on the
columellar margin, more so on the outer.

* Major diam. 3:1; alt. axis 1-5 mm.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, foot of the Khasi Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

“The aperture recalls that of A. gemma of the Dafla Hills, but
the shell differs in other respects.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Q

226 CYCLOPHORID®.

334. Alyceus davisi, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus davisi, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 408, pl. 148, figs. 9, 9 a.

Original description :—‘* Shell depressedly globose, well umbuili-
cated; sculpture fine throughout, even next the sutural tube,
first three or four lire strong and distant, epidermis covers the
surface which peels off in places; colour dull umber; spire low,
apex flatly convex; suture well impressed, sutural tube long;
whorls 4, the last very tumid, close, and in front of the constriction
there is a well-defined ridge across the whorl, below it is close to
the reflected peristome ; aperture horizontally oval, oblique, sub-
aneulate above; peristome double, crenulated, four distinct notches,
the upper on the upper margin, rounded on the columellar margin ;
operculum pale in colour, closely spiral with a small central
depression.

“ Major diam. 5:3; alt. axis 2°] mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Shan Boundary ( Woodthorpe).

335. Alyceus distinctus, Gedwin-Austen.

Alyceus ingrami, var., Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xli, part 2,
1871, p. 92, pl. 4, figs. 3, 3a, 36; id., ‘op. cit. xiii, 1874, p. 150.

Alycaus ingrami, Var. NAYAaensis, Godwin-Austen (part), ) ea SB.
xli, part 2, 1871, p. 92, pl. 4, fig. 2; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
Pp: 292 ; Godwin-A usten, Land & Freshw. "Moll. India, i ii, 1914,
p. 421.

Alyceus distinctus, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 592 ;
id.. Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 390, ‘pl. 145,
figs 3,34, 3b; p. 421.

Original description :—* Differs from the described form from
Arakan [i.e. mgramz|, in the mouth being larger, and there is a
tendency to undulation on the outer margin of the peristome,
generally two notches are present.

‘s Major diameter 0°24" [6 mm. |, minor diam, 0°24'’[6 mm.]; alt.
0-16" [4 mm.]; diam. of aperture 0-11" [2°75 mm.]|; sutural tube
0-09" [2°25 mm. |.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Dimapur, Dumsiri Valley (800 ft.), Khunho Peak,
Burrail Range (7000 ft.), Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen); Lhota
Naga Hills, Asalu.

In 1893 Godwin- Austen, after comparing this shell with typical
A, ingrami, became convinced that it was quite distinct and gave
it the specific name of distinctus. Another form, trom the Dafla
Hills, originally considered to be a variety of wgrami, was like-
wise raised to specific rank under the name of macgregort.

A variety is recorded from Sadia, collected by M. Ogle, on
page 363 of the same work and figured on pl. 187, figs. 2, 2 a, 2b.
It is stated to differ from the type in its flatter depressed shape,
rounded aperture, and the shorter distance from it to the
sutural tube.

ALYCEUS. 227

Another variety, collected by F. Ede at Naraindhur, Cachar, is
deseribed on page 391 and illustrated on pl. 149, fig. 4. It is
more elevated in the spire, and the aperture is more ovate than in
the type, the columellar margin descending more obliquely. It
measures: major diam. 5, alt. 2°5 mm. |

Yet another form is referred to on page 391. Nineteen
specimens were collected by Godwin-Austen in the Jatinga Valley,
North Cachar Hills, which are higher in the spire, with coarser
sculpture and smaller umbilicus, while the peristome is devoid of
the notches on the outer margin. The same form was obtained
by W. Chennell in South Sylhet, North Khasi and Garo Hills.

336, Alyceus edei, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus edei, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 391, pl. 149, figs. 2, 2a.

Original description :— Shell openly umbilicate, globose, rather
flattened ; sculpture : no costulation on the apical whorls, at the
end of the sutural tube very fine close costulation commences, and
increases very little in size forwards ; colour whitish grey, some
with a pink tint on the apex; spire low, apex rounded ; suture
moderately impressed, the tube long; whorls 4, the last swollen
slightly, narrowly constricted and swelling again towards the
aperture; aperture oval horizontally; peristome double, solid,
inner sharply reflected, forming a broad margin viewed on the
side; operculum black, smooth, spiral structure not seen in front,
better seen at back, which is highly polished and with a central
nipple.

“ Major diam. 7; axis 2°5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Naraindhur, Cachar.

337. Alyceus inflatus, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus inflatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B, xlin, part 2, 1874,
p. 146, pl. 3, figs. 1-1 d; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
39: Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moil. India, ii, 1914, p. 392, figs. 16, le, 1d;
var. p. 393, pl. 144, fivs. 1, la.
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) inflatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 49; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Liet. 16, 1902, p. 556.

Original description :—‘Shell depressedly turbinate, solid, pale
ochreous horny, moderately umbilicated, smooth, finely sculptured
on the swollen portion of the last whorl adjacent to the sutural
tube. Spire conoid, apex blunt; suture impressed; whorls 43, the
last very much swollen for the size of the shell; constriction
smooth, very short; sutural tube moderate ; aperture oblique,
circular; peristome double, solid, united, and reflected; operculum
concave, black, its position at the very edge of the aperture.

“ Major diam. 4°5; alt. axis 2°2 mm.”

Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Naga Hills, and Lanier River
(Godwin-Austen). Var. Assam (Stoliezka). »

Q 4

228 CYCLOPHORID&.

“This shel] in many respects assimilates to A. conicus, mihi,.

but is more openly umbilicated ; in another direction it has the
character of the subgenus Dioryw, viz.in form of mouth, the short
constriction, and position of operculum close to the edge of the
aperture.” (Godwin-Austen.)

In the variety seen on plate 144, figs. 1, 1 a, the costulation on
the swollen portion of the whorl is much stronger and the distance
from the aperture much greater.

338. Alyceus ingrami, Blanford.

Alyceus ingrami, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 135; id.,
op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeitter, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 48; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1], ili, 1869, p. 448, pl. 98, figs. 34-36 ;
Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xxxix, 1870, p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 7;
Theobald, J. A. 5. B. xl, 1871, p. 380; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 92, figs. 7, 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 839; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 6, fig. 54; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1875, p. 292;
Godwin-: Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 193,
pl. 44, figs. 1-le; id., op. cit. 11, 1914, p. 421.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) imgram, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 47; MKobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 397.

Alyceus scepticus (W. Blanford) (nom. nud.), Theobald, J. A.S. B.
xxxii, 1863, p. 377; Blanford, op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 101.

Original description:—* Testa late umbilicata, conoideo-depressa,
acute sinuato-costulata, albida, interdum rubello-albida, versus
apicem ferruginea, vix translucens. Spira conoidea, apice
obtusula, sutura parum profunda. Anfr. 4 convexi, ultimus ad
peripheriam subcompressus, ad latus mediocriter tumidus, ibidem
contertissime costulatus, tum constrictus, prope aperturam non
descendens. Spatium constrictum longitudinis mediocris, costu-
latum, medio tumidum ; tubulum sutura file mediocre, 7 peripheriz
subeequans. Apertura obliqua, circularis: peristoma duplex;
externo breviter incrassato-expanso; interno expansiusculo
continuo. Operculum fusco-corneum, multispirum, externe per-
conecavum, nucleo centrali intus prominente papillari.

“« Diam. maj. 6, min. 5; alt. 34; apert. diam. 13 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Tongoup, Arakan (Slanford); Maia, Arakan
(Theobald).

“ Most nearly allied to A. umbonalis, B., from Pegu. It is
distinguished from that species by its more raised spire, smaller
size, shorter sutural tube, and shallower suture, by its less oblique
mouth and non-descending Jast whorl, and by its duplex slightly
expanded peristome, which contrasts strongly with the broadly
reversed lip of A. wumbonalis. That species also has the upper whorls
much more closely, but less sinuously costulated than are those
of A, ingrami. In the subangulation of the last whorl at the
periphery there is some resemblance to the little Thayet Myo

ALYCEUS. : 229

A. sculptilis, B., which, however, is easily distinguished by the
characters of its crenulated peristome, besides other peculiarities.”
(Llanford.)

339. Alyceus macgregori, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus ingrami, vay. nagaensis (Godwin-Austen) (part.), Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll, ii, 1914, p. 421.
Alyceus macgregori, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
11, 1914, p. 356, pl. 141, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.

Original description: — ‘Shell openly umbilicate, globosely
turbinate ; sculpture close, fine regular costulation on the swollen
portion of the last whorl following the sutural tube, it contracts
behind this and the ribbing becomes much finer and wider apart ;
colour bleached; spire depressedly conoid, apex small; suture
well-impressed ; sutural tube moderately long ; whorls 4, the first
from aperture to sutural tube short, plain, 7.e. with no ribbing,
then much swollen and contracted again showing well on under
sides; aperture circular, oblique ; peristome moderately thickened,
slightly reflected, within it is feebly plicate; columellar margin
rounded.

** Major diam. 7, min. 5°5; alt. axis 2°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Shengorh, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

** At a hasty glance I had named this shell A. nayaensis. Ona
closer examination and comparison with that species it differs very
materially, being much more globose as regards its form, and
having crenulation within the aperture.” (Godwin-Austen.)

340. Alyczeus montanus, Nevill.

Alyceus montanus, Nevill, J. A.S. B. 1, part 2, 1881, p. 149, pl. 6,
fig. 5 ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 341, pl. 136, figs. 3, 3a.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) montanus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachyr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 47; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 359.

Original description :—* Openly and widely umbilicate, much
depressed, solid, bright corneous brown, closely, evenly and
regularly ribbed. ribs somewhat superficial, searcely flexuous,
close-set, for a short distance at the sutural tube more crowded
aud more strongly developed ; spire scarcely elevate, apex obtuse ;
whorls 4, regularly evenly rounded, constriction scareely defined,
sutural tube short (about 1 muill.); aperture circular, peristome
slightly thickened, but not double; operculum thick, black, and
concave.

«Diam. 53, alt. 31, mill.”

Hab. India: Sikkim (11,000 ft.) (Stoltezka).

“A very well marked form, reminding one of A. eapatriatus ;
the depressed form, very open umbilicus, and scarcely distinguish-
able constriction are all good characters.” (Wevill.)

230 CYCLOPHORID #.

341. Alyceus nagaensis, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus ingrami, var. nagaensis, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xl,
part 2, 1871, p. 92, pl. 5, figs. 2, 2a, 26; Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876 6, p. 40; Godwin- Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 195, "pl. 44, figs. 83-8; id., op. cit. 11, 1914,
p. 396, pl. 148, figs. 2, 2a, 20.

Alycaeus ( Chamalycaeus) nagaensis, Kobelt & M Sllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 151; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 47; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 359.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell depressedly globose, openiy um-
bilicated, thick, slightly translucent, white, generally covered with
a thin muddy coating, finely and sharply costulated nae
Spire depressedly conoid, apex blunt, suture impressed ; whorls 4
rounded, the last much swollen; constriction close to the ee
of sutural tube, slightly swelling again towards the mouth, quite
smooth; sutural tube very long and thin. Aperture oblique,
circular; peristome double, both lips close and slightly expanded.
Operculum black, smooth and concave in front, convex at back,
with a central boss.

“Major diam. 0°32” [8 mm.], minor diam. 0:27" [6°75 mm.];
alt. 0-29” (v2 25 mm.]; diam. of aperture 0°15 [3°75 mm.]; sutural
tube 0°15" [3°75 mm.].” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Asalu, Naga Hills.

A small variety, collected by Mr. Muspratt in the Eastern
Naga Hills, is referred to.

342. Alyceus nitidus, Blanford.

Alyceus nitidus, Blanford, J.A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 141; as op.
cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 51; Blanford, J. A. Sp 1B); XXXIX, 1870, p. 24: Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 94, figs. 4, 7 ; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 5, fig. 26 ; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 293; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, li, 1914, p. 421, pl. 151, figs, 4, 4a.

Alycaeus (Chumalycaeus) nitidus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. prea 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 360.

Original description :—‘ Testa anguste umbilicata, depresse
turbinata, solidula, fulvo-cornea, nitida, polita, translucens. Spira
conoidea, lateribus convexis, apice obtusa, sutura impressa. Anfr.
4 convexi, ultimus ad peripheriam subangulato-compressus, subtus
planulato-convexus, ad latus breviter tumidus, ibidem confertissime
costulatus. Spatium constrictum Jongum, nitidum, lira retre-
recumbente, parum elevata prope regionem inflatam munitum.
Tubulum suturale breve. Apertura diagonalis, undata, circularis.
Peristoma ad basin antice, superne prope antfractum penulti-
mum retro sinuatum, duplex; interno continuo, breviter porrecto,
basi canaliculato ; externo expanso, retro relicto, in processum
auriformem subtus producto. Opere. tenue, corneum, multi-
spirum.

ALYCAUS. 25

* Diam. maj. 34, min. 3, alt. 23; ap. diam. 1 mm.” (Blanford.)
Hab. Burma: Tongoup, Arakan (Blanford); Akyab (Stoliczka).
India: Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen).

343. Alycexus omissus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus omissus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 411, pl. 155, fig. 13.

Original description :—* Shell umbilicated, depressed)y conoid,
strong; sculpture: rather distant costulation up to the end of the
sutural tube, which becomes closer towards the apex and less
pronounced, next the tube it is very close and regular; colour
bleached; spire depressed, apex small; suture impressed, the
sutural tube moderately long; whorls 4, the last is smooth in
front of the sutural tube, the interval to the aperture has a slight
rise in the middle; aperture circular; peristome thick, double, the
outer lip well reflected—within in the lower outer margin there are
a few close-set teeth-like crenulations, recalling what is to be seen
in 4. sculptilis on a far larger scale.

“ Major dian. 2°8; alt. axis 1-1 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

- Hab. Burma: Siam and Shan boundary (Woodthorpe).

344. Alyceus physis, Benson.

Alyceus physis, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, iii, 1859, p. ie
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p.48; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 92, figs. 5,6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 6, fig. 51; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 542,
pl. 134, figs. 1, la.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) physis, Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 361.

Original description :— Testa mediocriter umbilicata, conoidea-
depressa, tenui, regulariter planato-striata, strils opacis, minime

Fig. 34.— Alyceus physis. (X 2.)

elevatis, confertissimis, ad umbilicum perspectivum nonnullis
elevatis acutis, hyalina, nitida; spira brevi, apice subpapillari,

232 CYCLOPHORID®.

sutura impressa; anfractibus 4 subconvexis, ultimo ad latis, pone
constrictionem, valde inflato, tubulum suturalem elongatum
gerente, pone labrum tumidiusculo; apertura obliqua, subcirculari,
peristomate duplici, interno breviter expanso, incrassato-reflexo
externum celante, marginibus callo parietali expansiusculo semi-
circulari junctis. Opere. Z

“Diam. major 10, minor 8, axis 6 mill.”

Hab. India: Rungit Valley, near Darjeeling, 2000 ft.

“Qarger than the Khasia A. prosectus, from which it is
abundantly distinguished by the characters of the aperture, the
less mucronate spire, its peculiar striation and lustre, shorter
sutural tube, and the greater inflation of the last whorl. In presectus
the space between the constriction and the aperture is suddenly
tumid near the constriction, the swelling decreasing towards the
peristome; in physis the swelling increases gradually towards the
mouth, which is not inclined to “be so very oblique. There are
faint indications of spiral sculpture evident in the facet-like
appearance of the surface. Within the umbilicus, near the
inflated part, every fourth or fifth of the scarcely elevated striz
{which would elsewhere be hardly distinguishable exeept for their
white opacity on the hyaline ground) is raised into a knife-like
edge.

“Tn size and form A. physis nearly approaches umbonalis ; but
the colour, opakeness, great solidity, and the more inoderate
inflation of the last whorl, in addition to the more remote con-
striction, and the very different sculpture presented by the
Burmese species, preclude any danger of confounding it with its
Himalayan ally.’ (Benson.)

The specimen here figured is in the British Museum.

345. Alyceus sandowayensis, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus sandowayensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 423, pl. 139, figs. 4, 4 a.

Original description :—“ Shell flatly conoid, openly perspectively
umbilicated, flat on base; sculpture: finely costulated throughout
and closely set, the coarsest is near the constriction anterior to the
sutural tube; colour dark umber-brown; spire depressed, apex
small; suture impressed, the sutural tube is short, stout, and
slightly bent over ; whorls 4, evenly increasing, the last slightly
swollen near the sutural tube, then shghtly constricted, and
again expanding slightly towards the aperture ; aperture ovate
horizontally ; peristome double, reflected, not solid. Columellar
margin rounded,

“* Major diam. 9; alt. axis 3 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Mai-i, Sandoway District, Arakan (Stolvezka,
Theobald).

ALYC EUS. 233

346, Alyceus sculptilis, Benson.

Alyceus sculptilis, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 226 ;
Pet i J.A.S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Re nid ‘Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 35; B lanford, A.M.N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p-. 458; id, J. A.S, B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98; cae , op. Cit. REx,
1870, p. 24; Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. ive 1871 apa uisupl: 112,
fies. 20- 23 Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 97,
figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p- 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, <Alyceus, pl. 4,
figs. 32 a, 3260; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 412, pl. 189,
figs. 7, 7 @ (shell), pl. 145, fig. 8 (aperture).

Alycaus margarita, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 97,
tig. 7 (teste Godwin-A usten).

Mice mucrostoma, Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 4, figs. 28 a, 28 6 (teste Godwin- -Austen).

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) ‘seulptilis, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152 ; id. ee Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, Tbe

Original description :—* Vesta late umbilicata, xh a sub-
trochiformi, acute costulata ; spira conica, sutura profunda, apice
attenuato, acutiusculo; anfractibus 5 convexis, ultimo ad latus
inflato eo costulis confertissimis munito, tum constricto, antice
leviori, tumido, tubulo suturali mediocri, ab apertura remoto,
imcambente, circa umbilicum obtuse angulato, intus concaviusculo ;
apertura obliqua, circulari ; peristomate duplici, interiori ibe
porrecto, incrassato, marie superne profunde inciso, interiore
dextrali interne crenulate vel denticulato, externo incrassato,
expanso, reflexiusculo, superne incrassato prominente, ab anfractu
penultimo sinu profundo separato. Operculo 2

“Diam. 34, axis 22 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Thyet Myo (Yheobald). India: Naga Hills (Chen-
nell); Khasi Hills (Godwin- - Austen).

«The specimen is much weathered, and has lost all its colour,
so that I am unable to describe that part of its character. It
presents a new form in the genus, and exhibits peculiar characters
in the slit inside the aperture at its upper part, and in the crenu-
lation or denticulation along the callous interior of the right lip.
The teeth are twelve in number, and are disposed in pairs. The
incision resembles that observable in some of the species of
Pterocyclos, and there is a slight disposition towards the formation
of a wing.” (Benson.)

347. Alyczus stoliczkai, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus stoliczku, Godwin-: Austen, J.A.S.B, xliii, part 2, 1874,
p- 147, pl. 3, figs. 5, 3a, 3b; Theobald, Gat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 40; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p: 399, pl. 144, figs. 3, 5a, 36.

Alyceus stolitzhii, Sowerby, ‘in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 6, fig. 53.

Alycacus (Chamalycaeus) stoliezkai, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., ae Pneum. 1899,
p- 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- 363.

234 CYCLOPHORID A,

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, thick, pale

horny, finely and closely ribbed from the swell of the first [? last]
whorl as far back as the sutural tube, thence to the apex distantly
and finely eostulated, narrowly umbilicated ; spire conoid, apex
blunt; suture wellimpressed; whorls 44, rounded, the last swollen,
then sharply constricted close to the origin of the sutural tube,
again swelling and expanding to the mouth: constriction smooth,
with a few distant lines of costulation. The sutural tube peculiarly
long. Aperture oblique, circular, peristome double, outer lip
small, the inner mnch produced and expanded into two broad,
shallow channels on the inside of the outer margin, separated by
a V-shaped thickening of the same. Operculum black, concave, of
the usual multispiral form.

“Major diam. 0:31-0:28” [7°75-7 mm.], minor 0-24-0°20"
[6-5 mm.]; alt. 0:17-0:15” [4:25-3:75 mm.]; diam. ap. 0°12”
[3mm.]; sutural tube 0°15" [3-75 wm.].”

Hab, India: Angaoluo Peak, Naga Hills, 7000 ft. (Belletty) ;

Kezakenomih and head of Lanier River (Godwin-Austen) ; Kohima,

Anghami- Naga Hills. Lhota Naga Hills (var.).

“Tt comes near to the forms of A. ingrami, W. Blanf., var.,
pls. iv & v, J. A.S. B. vol. xl, part 2, 1871, from the same
range of mountains, but its tumid shape, and particularly the very
produced aperture, render it a very distinct and well-marked
species.

“A single specimen ....from Teria Ghat is very near this
species, differing in being smaller, major diam. 4°75 mm., with a
flatter spire, and costulation adjacent to the sutural tube very
much finer, not so closely wound.” (Godwin-Austen.)

348. Alyceus strigatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus strigatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xliii, part 2, 1874,
p- 146, pl. 3, fig, 2; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, pp. 881, 401, pl. 144, figs. 2, 2a, 26.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) strigatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 365.

Original description:—* Shell pale corneous or amber, finely and
evenly costulated throughout. Spire depressed, apex blunt and
darker coloured. Suture moderate. Whorls 33, the last very
little swollen, slightly constricted, with a single low ridge close
behind the aperture, the constriction smooth and very finely
striated. Sutural tube very short. Aperture slightly oblique,
circular; peristome single, simple, continuous, moderately
thickened. Operculum....?

‘Major diam. 0:15" [3°75 mm.], minor diam. 0°11" [2°75 mm.];
alt. 0:08" [2 mm.]; diam. ap. 0:05” [1-25 mm. ].”

Hab, India: Assam (Stoliczka); Nenglo, near Asalu, North
Cachar (Godwin-Austen).

ALYCEUS. 235.

“This is another species of the short-sutural-tubed section
of Alyceus, of which A. khasiacus....is a good type. The
general and distinct costulation from constriction to apex, par-
ticularly the form of constriction and mouth, mark it as a good
species. It is more openly umbilicated than A. Khasiacus.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

349. Alyceus subinflatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus subinflatus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 400, pl. 154, figs. 8, 8 a.

Original description :—** Shell globosely conoid; sculpture
indistinct subdued costulation on upper whorls, apex distinctly
striate spirally, close, regular, rather fine costulation continuous
with the sutural tube ; ; colour with pinkish tinge, red on the apex ;
spire rather high ; suture impressed ; whorls “4, tumid and well
rounded; sutural ule long, constriction near its nace and distance
to aperture short, with a very slight swelling; aperture oval, sub-
angulate above ; peristome solid and double on the outer margin,
and well reflected but very thin on the columellar side,

*“* Major diam. 4°5; alt. axis 2-2 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Gaziphimi, Labupa Naga Hills, N.E. Munipur.

«This is the species which I included in my description of A.
inflatus from Japvo Peak in the Anghami Naga Hills. It is an
allied form, and on closer examination [ cousider should receive
a name, as it is something more than a variety. Comparison of
the figures shows this better than description.” (Godwin-Austen.)

350. Alyc#us umbonalis, Benson.

Alyceus umbonalis, Benson, A. M. N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 225 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 36 ; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1860, p. 127,
pl. 35, fivs, 18-20; Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98;
Hauley & ‘Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, ale 92, figs. 8,9; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch.
icons, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 4, fie. 36 : Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,

. 293: Godwin-: Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886,
p. 194, pl. 44, figs. 2-3¢; 11, 1914, pp. 413, 424.

Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) umbonalis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p- 364.

Original description:— ‘Testa late umbilicata, depressa, sub-
discoidea, confertim acute arcuatim costulata, cinereo-albida,
apicem versus obtusulum, rubellum vel nigrum, rubescente; spira
brevi, sutura profunda; anfractibus 42 convexis, ultimo ad latus,
spiraliter rugoso-cancellatum, inflato, tum constricto, deinde
tumidiusculo, tubulum retroversum, elongatum suturalem pone
constrictionem gerente; apertura valde obliqua, circulari, undata,
peristomate duplici, interiori continuo, expanso, nitidissimo, prope
umbilicum sinuato, exteriori expanso, incrassato, ad anf actum
penultimum breviter interrupto; umbilico perspectivo. Operculo

236 CYCLOPHORID2.

corneo-fusco, multispirato, anfractuum marginibus scabre elevatis,
extus profunde concavo, intus convexiusculo, nitidissimo, sulco
marginato, umbone centrali papillari munito.

«Diam. major 10, minor 8, axis 5 mill.”

Hab. Burma: Akowtong (Lheobald); Bassein (Blanford) ;
Thyet Myo (Hungerford); Arakan (? Kurz).

“The scabrous cancellation of the inflated part only of last
whorl is an unusual feature, no trace of the spiral ruge appearing
elsewhere on the whorls.

‘The origin of the sutural tube is about 4 millimetres from the
aperture.” (Benson.)

Subgenus DICHARAX, Kobelt §- Mollendorff.

Charaxz (non Risso, 1826), Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, ii, 1859, p. 177
(as section of Alyceus); Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 48; Fischer, Man. Conchy]. 1885, p.743; Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152 (as subgenus) ; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.

Dicharax, Kobelt & M@llendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxii,
1900, p. 186; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 364.

Type, A. hebes, Benson.

Range. India, Burma, Farther India, Southern China, Malaysia.
Constriction broad, contiguous to the aperture, from which it is
separated by a ridge, which is hollow internally.

351. Alyczus armillatus, Lenson.

Alyceus armillatus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 227 ;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvi, 1857, p. 247; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1856, p. 37; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864,
p- 458; id., J. A. S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 93, fig. 10; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in Reeve, Couch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 5, fig. 88; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 293;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 406,
pl. 151, figs. 3, 3a.

Alycaeus (Charax) armillatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) armillatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 365.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
costulata; spira conoidea, sutura impressa, apice obtuso ; anfrac-
tibus 323 convexis, ultimo ad latus inflato, confertius costulato,
tum constricto, antice tumido, Jeviori, tubulo suturali brevi, ab
apertura remoto, munito; apertura obliqua arculari, peristomate
duplici, interno valde porrecto, continuo, margine simplici, extus
striato, exteriori expanso, reflexiusculo; umbilico subaperto.
Operenlo....?

‘Diam. major 2, minor 13, axis ]} mill.”

Hab. Burma: Thyet Myo (Theobald).

ALYCHEUS. 237

“The exterior expanded peristome, forming a conspicuous collar
round the porrect interior portion, is the most prominent character
in this very minute species. The only specimen received is in a
weathered condition, and so much bleached that the colour of the
perfect shell cannot be ascertained.” (Benson.)

352. Alyceus asaluensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus crispatus var., Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xl, 1871, p. 95,
pl. 4, fig. 2.
Alyceus asaluensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 385, pl. 145, figs. 2, 2 a, 26.

Original description:—‘< Shell umbilicated, conoid; sculpture :
strong, regular, rather distant costulation on the upper whorls,
much stronger and closer on the swell of the whorl next the
sutural tube, a few finer and distant on the constriction, which
continue up to the aperture; colour whitish ; spire conical, fairly
high; suture impressed, sutural tube very fine ; whorls 4, the last
sharply constricted, then rising suddenly into a ridge which
expands forwards to the deubie peristome; aperture circular, very
oblique; peristome double, distinctly crenulated, but not strongly
so; this is not seen in the figure, which was taken too much from
the side to see it well.

“Major diam. 3°5; alt. axis 2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Dihung River, north ot Asalu, North Cachar
(Godwin- Austen); Nenglo and Phulong.

353. Alyceus ataranensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus crispatus, Theobald & Stoliczka, J. A.S. B. xii, “1872:
. 090.
aeons n. sp. (prox. A. erispatus), Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 293, no. 36.
Alyceus ataranensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
li, 1914, p. 426, pl. 148, figs. 4, 4a, 4 6.

Original description :—‘ Shell globosely conoid, rather openly
umbilicated ; sculpture: rather distant costulation on the upper
whorls (specimen being old they do not show well); colour
bleached ; spire moderately high, apex blunt ; suture impressed ;
whorls 4, the last slightly swollen near sutural tube ; constriction
very short, a well-marked ridge rising between it and the aperture ;
aperture irregularly oval, oblique; peristome double, inner lip
with four deep notches, with intermediate sharp notches, outer
undulated, both much expanded and protruding forwards, detached
from the last whorl, forming a deep notch on the inner upper
margin; columellar margin rounded.

“Major diam. 2°3; alt. 1:9 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Ataran (Stoliczka).

“Tt is easily mistaken for A. crispatus, of the Naga Hills, but
differs materially in the part between the suture and aperture.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

938 CYCLOPHORID.

354. Alyceus ave, Blanford.
Alyceus ave, Blanford, J. A. S. B, xxxii, part 2, 1863, p. 323: id.,
op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 98; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
pl. 94, figs. 8-10; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 63;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 293; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 406, pl. 151, fig. 6.
Alycaeus (Charaxv) avae, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycacus(Dicharax) avae, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 365.
Original description :—* Shell depressed, openly umbilicated,
thin, closely costulated throughout, more strongly upon the
inflated portion of the last whorl, white or light amber in colour.
Spire very depressly conoid, apex blunt, suture impressed. Whorls
4, the last very little inflated at the side, then inoderately
constricted, constriction rather long, swollen in the centre,
indistinetiy costulated. Sutural tube short, about 13 mm. in
length. Aperture circular, diagonal. Peristome_ thickened,
double, external lip expanded, inner continuous and projecting
slightly at the base. Operculum thin, horny, multispiral, very
concave externally and convex within, wanting the central boss.
“ Major diam. 32, minor ditto 3, alt. 2; diam. ap. 1 mm.”
Hab. Burma: hills east of Mandalay and Ava (blanford) ;
Thyet Myo (Hungerford); var. Avakan (Stoliczka).
“ This species approaches A. strangulatus, Hutt., which is larger
and more discoid.” (Blanford.)

355. Alyceus bicrenatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus ingram, var., Godwin-Austen, J.A.S. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p. 92, pl. 4, fig. 3. _

Alyceus bicrenatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xl, part 2, 1874,
p- 148, pl. 3, figs. 5, 5a, 56; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 39; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. i, 1886, p. 196, pl. 51, fig. 4 (lingual
ribbon) ; ii, 1914, p. 386, pl. 144, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.

Alycaeus (Charax) bicrenatus, Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) bicrenatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16,

1902, p. 365.

Original description :—“ Shell moderately umbilicated, sub-
turbinate, pale corneous or nearly white; fine close ribbing on
swell of last whorl, extending to behind termination of the sutural
tube and thence to apex very finely and evenly costulated. Spire
depressedly conoid, suture impressed, apex blunt. Whorls 4, the
last moderately swollen, constriction rather wide, followed by a
single well-defined high ridge close behind the expanded portion
of the aperture, where it is defined by a sharp narrow costulate
rib. The expanded portion anterior to this is longitudinally
waved on the surface, produced by two deep triangular grooves
situated well within the aperture and on the outer margin.
Sutural tube short. Aperture oblique, peristome round, slightly
angular above. Operculum pale horny, concave.

ALYCRUS. 239

“Major diam. 0-14" [3°5 mm.], minor 0°10" (2°56 mm.]; alt.
0:09" [2:25 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Kopamedza Peak, Naga Hills, 8-9000 ft. ;
Asalu, Cachar (Godwin-Austen).

‘This shell belongs to the same group as the last [A.
globulosus| and is very close to A..crenatus, mihi, ..... but
the longer sutural tube and the strongly er enated peristome of
erenatus mark the distinction.” (Godwin-A usten.)

356. Alyceus bifrons, 7’heobald.

Se a bifrons, Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xxxix, 1870, p. 396, pl. 18,
fig. 1; Hanley & The obald: oan sh. Ind. 1874, pl. OS nosis.
Bioitten Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 63; Theob ild, Gat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 839; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 6, fig. 48: Nevill, Hand List, 1,1878 , p: 298 ;
Godwin- ‘Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 407,
o1. 139, figs. 5, 5 a.

Alycaeus (Charax) bifrons, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) bifrons, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 360.

Original description:—“ Testa perspective umbilicata, depresse
conoidea, translucente, cornea; apice rubello; spira elevatiuscula,
sutura impressa ; anfractibus quatuor, rotundis, juxta stricturam
regulariter et confertim striato-costulatis, reliqua parte aliquando
fere levigatis, aliquando levissime striatis. Strictura glabra,
longa, fere quartam partem ult. anfractus equante, duabus costis
fortissimis munita, quaram posterior paulo robustior et anteriore
longior est; tubulo suturali tenuissimo, adpresso, quartam peri-
pherize equante; apertura ampla, circulari, sensim deflecta ;
perist. duplici, albido, labio adnato angustissimo, labro infra
modice incurvato.

“Diam. maj. °20 [5 mm.]j, min. *15 [3°75 mm.], alt. -10 une.
(2°5 mm.].” (Lheobald.)

Hab. Burma: Shan States (/edden).

357. Alyceus birugosus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus birugosus, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zoel. Soc. 1898, p. 593 ;
id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, u1, 1897, p. 2, pl. 63, figs. 5, 5a;
1914, pp- 3870, 387, var. pl. 154, fies. i, & @

Alycaeus (Charac) birugosus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharaxr) birugosus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 866.

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, rather openly
umbilicated ; sculpture smooth on upper whorls, regular close
ribbing on the swell of the last; colour pale ochraceous or
ruddy Torowat: spire conoid, rounded at apex; suture impressed ;
whorls 4, the ‘last not swollen, contracted in front of the rather
short sutural tube, then enlarging into two parallel ridges, which

240 CYCLOPHORID®.

adjoin the aperture; aperture ovate, angular above and below,
rounded on the inner margin. Operculum pale in colour, smooth
in front.

‘Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1-25 mm.”

Hab. India: south of Barak River, Khasi Hills; Jawai, Jaintia
Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“ Although this shell, in size and most of its characters, is like
A, multirugosus, G.-A., of the Naga Hills, it differs materially,
more especially in the form of the aperture and in the ridges on
the expanded portion of the last whorl.” (Godwin-Austen.)

The variety referred to by Godwin-Austen on page 370, pl. 154,
figs. 7, 7 a, from Jawai, Jaintia Hills, appears to have a narrower
umbilicus, and a more depressed spire; its measurements are:
major diam. 2°9, alt. axis 13 mm.

Var. minor, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus birugosus, var. minor, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 370, pl. 155, fig. 9.

Smaller than the type, measuring: major diam. 2-4, alt. axis
1-1 mm.
Hab. India: Garo Hills (Godwin-Austen).

358. Alyceus chennelli, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus chennelit, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
1, 1886, p 192, pl. A8, figs. 1-1; var. fig. 2; 11, 1914, p. 387.
Alycaeus (Charax) chenne 2lli, Kobelt & Millendortff, Wachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) chennelli, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, he 16,
1902, p. 366.

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, umbilicated,
hut very closely, as a narrow slit; sculpture: smooth near apex,
distant costulation developed beyond, and strongest near suture ;
colour white; spire conic, high, apex rounded ; sutural tube long,
tine; whorls 4, rounded, constriction short and close to the base
of the sutural tube, then suddenly expanded, in a somewhat bell-
shaped form, smooth, flatly convex in front, with a few very

shallow indistinct wrinkles or pits ; aperture very oblique,
quadrate; peristome double, rounded on the outer lower margin,
the columellar margin with a distinct notch ; operculum smooth
in front.

“¢ Major diam. 3°7; alt. axis 2°9 mm.”

Hab. India: Piknui Naga Hills and Lhota Naga Hills (Chennell).

‘©This shell is allied to A. notatus and damsangensis, but the
expanded part of the last whorl behind the aperture is smoother,
with only an indication of wrinkling. It is more closely wound
than the latter, and the aperture differs from both in its squarer
form and angulation below.

cf Specimens from the Lhota Naga Hills (pl. 48, fig. 2) differ
slightly in being larger and in the expanded portion being more

ALYCEUS. 241

pitted and with little or no costulation towards the apex.
‘These differences were found constant in 25 specimens
received.” (Godwin- Austen.)

399. Alyceus crenatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus crenatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p- 90, pl. 3, figs. 5, 5a, 56; id., op. cit. xliil, part 2, 1874, p. 150 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 103, tigs. 2,3; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 890; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 1, figs. 1a, 16; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291 ;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 388,
pl. 145, figs. 8, 8a, 8d.

Alycaeus (Charax) crenatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) crenatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

p. 366.

Original description :—* Shell moderately umbilicated, de-
pressedly turbinate, rather thin, translucent, pale horny or white,
epidermis of former colour, peeling off in old shells, with very
fine indistinct costulation throughout, fine close ribbing on the
swell of the last whorl. Spire depressedly conoid, apex very blunt,
suture well impressed. Whorls 4, rounded, the last moderately
swollen, constricted close to the base of the sutural tube, with a
marked subvertieal ridge just behind the mouth. Constriction
smooth, sutural tube long, rather thick; aperture oblique ;
peristome round, deeply waved on the upper and outer but not
on the columellar margin, outer lip smail, slightly expanded.
Operculum multispiral, concave in front, with a small projecting
boss at the back. Animal pale coloured, tentacles dark
brown.

‘“* Major diam. 0:18" [4:5 mm.]; minor diam. 0-16” [4 mm.] ;
alt. 0-11" [2°75 mm.]; diam. of aperture 0:08” (2 mm.]; sutural
tube 0:075"' [1°9 mm.].”

Hab. India: Mokarsa, N.W. Khasi Hills; Hengdon Peak,
Burrail Range, North Cachar, 5000 ft ; Latinga and Diyung
Valleys; Lhota-Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

* Near A. plectocheilus, but much larger, the ridge more distant
from the peristome and the latter more expanded. In some
specimens the edges of the outer whorls in the operculum are
much raised and bent inwards as in Cyathopoma.

‘** No appreciable difference can be found between the western
and eastern shells, one only, that in the latter the last whorl
behind the aperture and within the umbilicus is more roanded—
in the western there is a decided keel. From the Lhota-
Naga Hills, one example must be considered a variety; it is
closer wound with closer umbilicus and whorl subangulate
near it.” (Godwin-Austen.)

R

249 CYCLOPHORIDA.

360. Alyceus crenulatus, Benson.

Alyceus crenulatus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, ili, 1859, p. 180;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1860, p. 55 ; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 97, figs. 1, 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 5, fig. 43; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 295;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 337,
pl. 153, figs. 1-le.

Alycaeus (Charan) crenulatus, Kobelt & Mélendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak, Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.

Alycaeus (Dicharaz) crenulatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 367.

Original description :——“ Testa umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
dense oblique costulata; spira conoidea, sutura profundiuscula,
apice papillari; anfractibus 4 convexis, ultimo rotundato, ad
latus inflato, eo costulis contertioribus ornato, tum juxta
peristoma breviter constricto, levi, tubulo suturali elongato non
procul ab apertura oriente munito; apertura vix obliqua, cireulari ;
peristomatis labro subduplii Savona accep. exteriore reflexo, in-
teriore crenulato quadriplicato aperturam vix coarctante, labio
simplici, tenui, marginibus callo crasso prominente junctis.
Umbilico profundo, margine rotundato. Operculo ?

‘Diam. major 4, minor 34, axis 3 mill.”

Hab, India: Rungun Valley, Sikhim; Darjeeling, Namegu,
2500 ft., and Lingtam, Sikhim, 4000 ft. (Blanford); Damsang,
Western Bhutan (Godwin-Austen).

“The constriction of the last whorl is near the aperture, with-
out any intermediate ridge or swelling, in this respect showing an
affinity with amphora and urnula. In the crenulation of the
peristome it exhibits an analogy with sculptilis of the normal
group, In Ww hich the crenulations are twelve in number, with the
origin of the sutural tube remote from the aperture.

“The speeimens examined are all weathered and bleached. It
is a singular circumstance, that each of the three natural sections
of Alyceus should have an analogical connexion through the
plicate peristomes of sculptils, plectocheilus, and crenulatus.”
(Benson.)

“The specimen figured, from Damsang, Western Bhutan,
differs somewhat from specimens I have come across in Blanford’s
collection from Namgu and Lingtam, Sikhim, in having much
stronger higher costulation.” (Godwin- Austen.)

361. Alyceus crispatus, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus crispatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xl, part 2, 1871,

p. 91, pl. 4, figs. 1, la, 15; id., op. cit. xliv, part 2, 1875, pl. 4,
tig. 3; id., op. cit. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 175; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 89; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1876, p. 889; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291 ; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, pp. 371, 389, pl. 145,
figs. 1, la, 10.

ALYCEUS. 243

Alycaeus (Charax) crispatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) crispatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 367.

Original description: —* Shell moderately umbilicated, turbinate,
rather thin, pale horny, with fine subdistant plicate costulation on
the upper part of the whorls near the suture, smoother below,
finely and closely ribbed on the swollen portion of the last whorl.
Spire conoidal, apex rather acute, suture well impressed. Whorls
4, rounded, the Jast moderately swollen at the side, next con-
stricted and smooth tor a short distance, then traversed by a
slightly recurved ridge, more developed in some specimens than
in others, with a nearly smooth interval behind the mouth, but
gradually becoming impressed with longitudinal undulations near
the peristome. Sutural tube moderate. Aperture diagonal,
waved on the outer and upper margins. Peristome thickened,
irregularly double, expanding with + or 5 undulations on the
right side, extending from the point of junction ‘with the last
whorl to the base of the aperture; the inner salient angles
strongly projecting in aged specimens. Operculum multispiral,
thickened, convex behind, very concave in front.

“* Major diam. of typical shell 2°5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Khasia, Jaintia, and N. Cachar Hills; Burroi
Gorge, Datla Hills; Shibak, Gabir Valley, near the Garo frontier
(Godwin-Austen).

Var. makarse, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus makarse (Godwin-Austen MS.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40 (nom. nud.).

Alyceus crispatus, var. makarse, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 372, pl. 158, fig. 13.

Original description :-—“ Shell depressedly conoid, rather openly
umbilicate ; senlpture: distant and strong costulation on upper
whorls, becoming coarser at the end of the sutural tube, up to the
base of same, thence to aperture, very fine close lire; colour
whitish ; spire low, apex blunt; suture moderately impressed ;
whorls 4, rounded, no ridge near the constriction, expanded at the
aperture forward, forming a notch near the inner upper side
which is conspicuous ; aperture ovate ; peristome double, broad,
solid, with the very slightest approach to crenulation on the outer
margin within aperture; columellar margin subvertical, with the
outer lip expanded into a flange; operculum very black and
smooth.

‘‘ Major diam. 3°5; alt. axis 1°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Makarsa, N. Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen).

‘Tt is much larger than typical crispatus.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Var. minima, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus crispatus, var. minimus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 373, pl. 148, figs. 5, 5a.
R2

QA4t CYCLOPHORID 2.

Original description :—‘ Shell globosely pyramidal, umbilicated ;
sculpture: distant costulation on the upper whorls, close, regular,
and larger on swell of last whorl; colour whitish ; spire conic,
sides flat; suture impressed, the sutural tube moderately long ;
whorls 4, the last swollen next the sutural tube, then constricted
and expanding again into a well-defined ridge running diagonally
forward and spreading to the undulations ef the peristome ;
aperture circular ; peristome double, thickened, erenulated, with
strong notches and four blunt processes which, on the outside,
are represented by a wavy outer lip.

‘Major diam. 2°6 ; alt. axis 1-2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Habiang, Garo Hills, West Khasi (Godwin-
Austen).

b)

Var. rywukensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus crispatus, var. rywukensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 373, pl. 154, figs. 3, 8a, 30.

Original description :—* Shell small, depressedly and globosely
conical, well umbilicated ; sculpture: strong, distant, and regular
costulation above, close and stronger next the sutural tube;
colour whitish; spire rather low, apex blunt; suture impressed,
the sutural tube fairly long ; whorls 34, well rounded, the last is
well constricted in front of base of sutural tube, then rises into a
low but defined diagonally directed ridge and spreads forward,
showing externally the shallow crenation with a decided notch
next the sutural side; aperture irregularly ovate, suboblique :
peristome double, crenulated on the upper and outer margin,
not so below, and the columellar side rounded and suboblique ;
the crenulation is not deep, and the first upper fold extends
forward and is the most conspicuous. Such is the description of
the peristome of the type, but it is evidently not at full develop-
ment. In the second example four well-defined notches and folds
are seen, the lowest central and basal.

‘Major diam. 2°3; alt. axis 1 mm.”

Hab. India: Rywuk Valley, Garo Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“size does net count for much, but this little Garo
Hills shell also differs from typical crispatus by its much more
depressed and different shape.” (Godwin-Austen.)

362. Alyceus cucullatus, Zheobald.
Alyceus cucullatus, Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870,

+H}
p. 896, pl. 18, tigs. 2-2e; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
pl. 96, figs. 1,4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 64;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 2, fig. 12; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 407, pl. 155,
fig. 5.

Alycaeus (Charaz) cucullatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) cucullatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 367.

ALYCBUS. 245

Original description :—* Testa umbilicata, depresse subdiscoidea,
rubente cornea, transversim striata, juxta suturam striis fortiori-
bus sive costulis filiformibus confertissimis ornata; apice glabro,
rufescente, elevatiusculo; anfractibus quatuor, convexis ; tubulo
suturali modico, quartam peripheriz vix equante ; strictura brevi,
hevigata, striis nonnullis costiformibus ad basin et costa crassa
transyersa notata. Apertura parum obliqua, subrotundata, tere
soluta, labro externe modice expanso, lamellose undulata, ad
marginem paulo inerassato, 5-inciso, lamella supera maxime
producta ; labio simplici, paulo arcuato, supra vix adnato;
operculo corneo, margine elevato nucleoque centrali parum
excavato.

“ Diam. maj. °21 (5°25 um.], diam. min. -20 [5 mm.], alt. “2h
une. [5°25 mm.].”

Hab. Burma: Shan States.

“This is a remarkably fine species with the crenulated lip of
A, plectocheilus much exaggerated.” (Z'heobald.)

363. Alyceus daflaensis, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus daflaensis, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xiv, part 2, 1876,
p- 176, pl. 7, figs. 12, 12@, 126; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 291; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914,
p. 354, pl. 145, figs. 11, ll a, 116.
Alycaeus (Dicharaxv) daflaensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 368.

Original description :—“ Shell turbinate, moderately umbilicated,
pale whitish or dull ochreous according to the state of the
epidermis, finely ribbed throughout, rather more coarsely near the
commencement of the swell of the last whorl, on this portion the
ribbing is very fine and close. Spire conoid, apex blunt, suture
impressed, the sutural tube moderate. Whorls 4, the last swollen,
then constricted, and enlarging again into a well-raised ridge,
which terminates below on margin of the peristome, it then
descends and expands considerably with four deep longitudinal
plications. Peristome single (no sign of the usual outer margin),
continuous, with five plications on the outer margin, the lower
margin recurved. Aperture oblique. Operculum multispiral,
horny, with a large disc-like boss in the centre front side.”

Hab. India: Toruputu Peak, 7000 ft., and Niosi Ridge,
Dafla Hills.

‘The nearest form to the above is A. digitatus, H. BIt.,
described and figured in J. A. S. B. vol. xl, 1871, from Darjeeling,
but the duplicate peristome in that shell is conspicuous, and forms
a well-defined sharp edge where the expansion and plication of
the inner lip commences. By the operculum alone it can be at
once distinguished, and it is besides a much smaller shell.

«A dwarf variety occurs on Shengorh Peak, only 0-09[2-25 mm. ]
in. alt., not so expanded near the aperture, and with the plication
less developed. On the Tanir Ridge, at 4000 feet, the same

246 CYCLOPHORID®,

shell, of ordinary size and with the same character of the aperture,.
occurs, showing an interesting and gradual change in form; the
operculum is also different, being pale coloured, multispiral, and
flatly concave in front. This form is in this respect much nearer
to A. digitatus, and might be separated under the title var.
subdigitatus.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Subsequently the author appears to have somewhat modified
his views with regard to the Shengorh Peak form, for in 1914 he
observed that it is a mere variety, differing in its smaller size,
more depressed and rounded spire, and finer costulation, at the
same time substituting the name var. nana.

364. Alyceus dalingensis, Godwin-Austen.
yi

Alyceus dalingensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ui, 1914, p. 338, pl. 154, figs. 3-5 ¢.

Original description :—* Shell narrowly umbilicated, globosely
conoid, rather solid; sculpture smooth on upper whorls, costu-
lation near sutural tube close in low relief, the tube moderately
long; colour dull ochraceous; spire moderately high, sides flat,
apex rather blunt; suture impressed ; whorls 4, rounded, regular in
increase, constriction close to base of sutural tube, swelling at
once towards the aperture, which is circular, with a nick or angle
on the upper inner margin; peristome simple, double, reflexed,
curving on the columellar side.

** Major diam. 3°4; alt. axis 1:7 mm.”

Hab. India: Rechila Peak, Daling District, on Sikkim and
Bhutan Boundary (10,300 ft.).

‘This has a close resemblance to A. lenticulus, but it differs in
its general shape and the aperture from that species.” (Godwan-
Austen.)

365. Alyczxus damsangensis, Godwin-Austei.

Alyceus damsangensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 192, pl. 43, figs. 8-3 ¢; 11, 1914, p. 339.

Alyceus subnotatus Nevill MS. (nom. nud.), Godwin-Austen, Land
& Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 339.

Alycaeus (Charax) damsangensis, Kobelt & Méllendorf, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) damsangensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 368.

Original description:—“ Shell turbinate, very closely umbilicated ;
sculpture: well-marked distant costulation on the upper whorls,
coarse, close, regular on the enlarged portion of the last; colour
dull, very pale ochraceous; spire high, conic, apex blunt; suture
moderately impressed, tube mediocre; whorls 4, the last sharply
constricted at base of the sutural tube, then enlarging suddenly
into a recurved ridge, succeeded by a depression, and then another
shorter ridge, and a pit-like depression in front of it; aperture

ALYCAUS. 247

oblique ; peristome double, but not thickened; columellar margin
straight, subvertical, with slight notch below; operculum multi-
spiral, brown.

‘“‘ Major diam. 3°8; alt. axis 3-2 mm.”

Hab. India: Damsang Peak, Western Bhutan Hills (WW. Robert).

“This shell assimilates somewhat, in the character of the con-
striction and the expansion of the whorl anterior to it, to A. hebes,
Bs.; but in the irregular wrinkled portion in advance of the main
ridge crossing the swollen part it differs materially, and presents
a most interesting approach to A. notatus, G.-A., of the Dafla
Hills, the surface of which is more irregularly wrinkled and pitted ;
it is not so closely umbilicated, and the aperture is more angulate
below. It appears to be a most abundant species.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

366. Alyceus diagonius, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus diagonius, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 2, 2a, 2b; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 103, tig. 1; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p- 39 (A. deagonus); Pfeitler, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1876,
p. 888; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 1,
tig. 2; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Godwin-Austen, Land
& Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 389, pl. 143, figs. 5, 5a, 5 6.

Alycaeus (Charax) diagonius, Kobelt & Mollendorf, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) diagonius, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 368.

Original description :—* Sheil closely umbilicated, turbinate,
thin, translucent, pale amber or pinkish colour, finely but distantly
costulated on the two last whorls, closely so on the inflated portion
of the last; spire conoid, apex blunt, suture well impressed ;
whorls 4, rounded, constricted closely near base of the sutural
tube, then swelling largely towards the mouth, the commencement
of the swell forming a diagonal or recurved ridge above ; constric-
tion smooth, sutural tube 0-053 inch [1°325 mm.]; aperture
diagonal, circular ; peristome sinuate, double, inner lip continu-
ous, outer expanded, slightly reflected at umbilicus and partially
concealing it.

“Operculum concave in front, convex behind with a small
central boss or nucleus.

“ Major diam. 0°145” [3°65 mm.], minor diam. 0°12” [3 mm.],
alt. 0°10” [2-5 mm.], diam. of aperture 0-075" [1-§8 mim.}.”

Hab. India: Diyung Valley, North of Asalu, in N. Cachar
District (Godwin-Austen}; Naga Hills (Roberts).

“This shell is at first sight very like A. hebes, Bs., but can
easily be distinguished by its much narrower umbilicus, its more
polished surface and less expanded mouth.

«A small variety of this shell was obtained and deserves
special notice. The striation is wanting throughout, and the
costulation on the swollen portion of the last whorl is somewhat

248 CYCLOPHORID®.

shorter ; in these characters it approaches very near to A. nitidus,
W. Blanford, from Arakan, but the recurved rib is in this last
species much less developed.” (Godwin-Austen.)

367. Alyceus digitatus, Blanford.

Alyceus digitatus, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xl, part 2, 1871, p. 41, pl. 2,
figs. 4, 4a, 46; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 64;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 294; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 339, pl. 134, figs. 65, 6a.

Alycaeus (Charax) digitatus, Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachy. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 48.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) digitatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 369.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa solida, depresse turbinata, umbili-
cata, albido-cornea, regulariter costulata ; pone aperturam usque
ad tubulum striata. Spira parum excerta, apice obtusulo.
Anfractus 4, rotundati; ultimus inflatus, deinde constrictus,
iterum abrupte expansus, denique abrupte constrictus, antice
depressus et in 5 plicationes validas desinens. Tubulus post
constrictionem oriens, recurvatus, } anfractus subequans. Sutura
impressa. Apertura perobliqua. Peristoma duplex; externum
simplex evertatum ; internum continuum, superne valde prolon-
gatum, 5-plicatum. Plica basalis abrupte recurvata. Operculum
corneum, extus concavum.

“ Alt. 3°6 mm.; diam. major 5°5; minor 4mm. Aperture alt.
220, lat. 2275 mime

Hab. India: Darjeeling; Rungno Valley, Sikbim Himalayas
(Blanford, Atkinson); Rechila Peak, Western Bhutan Hills
( Godwin-Austen).

“Of all the Alycei yet described with plicate peristomes, this
exhibits the character in the most exaggerated degree ; the free
portion of the lip being prolonged into five digitiform folds,
nearly a millimetre in length. The ridge-shaped fold between
the two constricted portions is very abrupt, as in <Alyccus
plectocheilus, which species, together with a yet unpublished form
found by Major Godwin-Austen in the Khasi Hills, are its
nearest allies. In some specimens, taken alive, the costulation has
disappeared from the greater portion of the upper whorls, and
remains only in patches; so that on a cursory inspection the
whorls appear to be smooth and striate; it is most distinct on
the inflated portion of the shell.” (Blanford.)

Godwin-Austen refers to two specimens, found in the Blanford
collection, with the MS. name jimbriatus. The specimens are
bleached and poor, and represent a dwarf variety of A. digitatus.

368. Alyceus dohertyi, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus dohertyi, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 595 ;
id., Land and Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 3, pl. 68, figs. 3,
3a; id., 1914, p. 408.

ALYCEUS. 249

Alycaeus (Charax) dohertyi, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) dohertyi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,

p. 969.

Original description :—*‘ Shell globosely turbinate, solid, not
umbilieated ; sculpture: regular distant sharp costulation, closer
and fine near the sutural tube ; colour stone, with pink apex ; spire
rather high, conoid, rounded, apex blunt; suture impressed, the
tube fine, rather long; whorls 43, the last swollen, constricted
with a rounded ridge midway between the sutural tube and the
peristome; aperture expanded, ovate; peristome double, fine
sharp crenulations on the outer margin, rounded on the inner.

‘“¢ Major diam. 3°25; alt. axis 2°38 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Momeit (Doherty).

‘This is quite a new form, partaking in the constriction and
peristome of the characters of A. plectocheilus, crenatus, ete.”
( Godwin- Austen.)

369. Alyceus duorugosus, Godwin-Austei.

Alyceus duorugosus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
11, 1914, p. 391.

Original description :—“ Shell very globose, umbilicated ; sculp-
ture smooth on the upper whorls, with indistinet striation, distant
costulation on the last whorl, very fine and regular next the suture ;
colour umber-brown; spire high ; suture impressed, the sutural
tube short and thick; whorls 4, much rounded, the constricted
part near sutural tube is fairly long, succeeded by two ridges well
defined and both of nearly equal size lying close up to the peristome ;
aperture circular, somewhat flat Above, well rounded below ;
peristome double, somewhat thickened and reflected. Columellar
margin curving perpendicularly.

“* Major diam. 3°75; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Burrail Range, Naga. Burma: Angaoluo Trigo-
nometrical Station, No. 2572; South Barak and Munipur (@odwin-
Austen).

“This at first sight recalls 4. birugosus, of the Khasi Hills, but is
larger, more globose, the ridges near the aperture more developed,
the aperture quite circular without the notch on the lower
margin. It is near A. khasiacus, but smaller; the ridges in that
species are unequal, the anterior much the smallest.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

370. Alyceus expatriatus, Blanford.

Alyceus expatriatus, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxix, 1860, p. 123; id.,
op. cit. xxx, 1861, p. 8349; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p. 02; Hanley & ‘Theobald, Couch. Ind. 1876, pl. 145, figs. 1, 4;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon, xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 5, fig. 45; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 295; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 4383.

Alycaeus (Charax) expatriatus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

250 CYCLOPHORID®.

Alycaeus (Dicharav) expatriatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 369, fig. 82.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa mediocriter umbilicata, depressa,
ad antraetos internos obsolete, ad ultimum fortius, ad spatium
inflatum valde, crebre costulata, corneo-albida, apice diaphane
rubella; spira vix elevata, apice obtusa; sutura impressa; anfr. 33
convexi, ultimus ad latus mediocriter inflatus, deinde constrictus ;
constrictione longa, medio tumida, glabra ; tubulum suturale pone
constrictionem oriens, mediocriter longum, plerumque + peripheriz
subequans, sed nonnullis exemplis brevius ; apertura circularis,
obliqua, juxta anfr. penultimum retro curvatum ; perist. duplex ;
internum breviter porrectum, continuum, externum expansum,
interruptum, columellari margine strictum. Operculum corneum,
distincte multispirum. Anfr. 7-8 planulatis, externe percon-
cavum, nucleo centrali interno prominente eae

2 Din maj. 44, min. 3#, alt. 24, apert. diam. 12 mm.”

Hab. India: Neddoow iekom Ghat, Nilgiris ; aoneuniiies and
South Canara (Dlanford) ; Shevroy Hills (King),

“This species appears to be more depressed in the spire than any
other of the genus, except perhaps the Bornean 4. spiracellum,
A. Ad. & Reeve. Its nearest Indian ally is A. strangulatus,
Hutton, and in size it is intermediate between that species and
A. stylifer, Bens. It belongs to the section Charax of Benson,
having a wide strangulation behind the peristome, crossed by a
swollen ridge, w hich, however, in A. evpatriatus never presents
the sharpness so remarkable in A. stylifer and hebes, but is rather
au broad tumid space separating two narrow constrictions. The
sutural tube is variable in length, sometimes being nearly as sharp
as in A. strungulatus, in other specimens as long as in A. stylifer ;
the latter being the usual case, the former the exception, but both
occur in perfectly fresh and full-grown specimens.

“Prom A. strangulatus the species is distinguished by its greater
size, more depressed form, more oblique aperture, by the recur-
vation of the peristome at its junction with the penultimate
whorl, the longer sutural tube, the greater distance of the ridge
crossing the constriction from the mouth, and the closer sculpture.
From prosectus and stylifer the characters of the peristome, which
is simple in stylfer and expanded at the columellar margin in
prosectus, besides the smaller size of A. expatriatus; trom hebes
and gemmula the slightly prominent ridge not recurved and
the depressed form, ‘afford abundant grounds for distinction.
A. spiracellum of Borneo is probably closely allied, but we are
only acquainted with that shell by its description. Judging
therefrom, A, expatriatus should be distinguished by its smaller
size, more narrow umbilicus, greater bluntness of the ridge in the
constriction, and, in general, by the greater length of the sutural
tube, a character which, however, is evidently, from its variability
in this species, of less value than has hitherto been supposed.

ALYC.EUS. O51

« ... The animal is small and colourless; the body very
short ; the sole undivided ; tail short and rather pointed ; tentacles
short, yellowish ; muzzle blunt, not elongated.” (Llanford.)

Blanford in 1861 (7. ¢.) mentions a variety having been obtained
by Mr. King from the Shevroys, a group of hills about 30 miles
N. of the Kolamullies. It only differs from the Nilgiri form in size,
measuring in its two diameters 54 and 43 mm. instead of 44 and 33.

Godwin-Austen records two specimens from the Shevroy Hills,
larger than typical forms, the largest measuring 5°5 mm. major
diameter. Both have short sutural tubes, but the ridge crossing
the constriction varies in elevation throughout. He also mentions
specimens from the Anamullies, in the Beddome collection, the
largest of which measures 6 mm. in major diameter, while in all
the ridge is quite high and the sutural tube short.

371. Alyceus footei, Blanford.

Alyceus footei, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 348, pl. 1, fig. 3 ;
Pfeitfer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 53; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39 ; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon.
xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 4, figs. 35a, 356; Nevill, Hand List, its
1878, p. 295; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 432.

Alycaeus (Charax) footet, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) footei, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief, 16, 1902,
p. 870,

Original description :—‘ Testa aperte umbilicata, depressa, solida,
ad anfractos internos striata, ad ultimum costulato-striata, ad
spatium inflatum crebre costulata; spira vix elevata, apice obtusula ;
sutura parum impressa. Anfr. + convexi; ultimus ad latus
mediocriter gibbosus, deinde constrictus, prope aperturam des-
cendens ; spatium constrictum longum, medio tumidum, striatum,
costam validem retro recumbentem, peristomatis marginem dextrum
ad basin attingentem, gerens; tubulus suturalis juxta constric-
tionem oriens, mediocris, 4 peripherie subzequans. Apertura
perobliqua, circularis, undata; perist. duplex; interno breviter
porrecto, continuo ; externo late expanso. Opere. ?

«Diam. maj. 6, min. 44, alt. 3, ap. diam. 13 mm.”

Hab. India: Kolamullies (King); Wynaad (Stoliczka); Tinevelly
and South Canara; Kadur District, Mysore (Blanford); Yercand,
Shevroy Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This shell is nearly allied to A. ewpatriatus, Blanf., of the
Nilgiris, but distinguished principally by the possession of a recurved
ridge upon the constriction, somewhat similar to that in A. hebes,
Bens.and A.gemmula, Bens. Other differences are, the flatter suture
and more oblique mouth, caused by the greater descent of the last
whorl in 4. footei, while the swelling at the side of the last whorl
is somewhat greater, and the constriction more marked.

“From A. hebes and A. gemmula, the present species is easily

Lee CYCLOPHORID A.

distinguishable by its flat spire, besides other characters of sculp-
ture, etc. The ridge on the constriction A. foote: lies back on
the top of the whorl, and meets the peristome at the base of
the right margin: in the other two species the ridge is more at
the side, and meets the peristome at the bottom.” (Blanford.)

Godwin-Austen publishes one of Blanford’s numerous and
valuable field-notes to the following effect :—

“ Alycceus footei from the Wynaad only differs from the Shevroy
type in the spire being a little higher and the constricted portion
of the last whorl between the swollen part and the mouth rather
longer. ‘The ridge on the constriction is reverted. Diam. 5x 4,
axis 3.”

He also finds in the Blanford collection a variety of A. footed
from the Kadur District, Mysore, having the ridges across the
constriction high and narrow, not reverted, while in the same
collection five specimens from ‘Tinevelly the same ridge is very
low and inconspicuous.

372. Alyceus gemma, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus genma, Godwin-Austen, Lund & Freshw. Mell. India, ii,
1914, p. 355, pl. 149, figs. 6, 6 a.

Original description :—** Shell umbilicated, depressedly conoid ;
sculpture: none on the upper whorls, a few indistinct, fine, costate
ribs at suture; colour white; spire low, conoid, apex blunt;
suture moderately impressed, the sutural tube short; whorls 4,
well rounded, the constricted area is crossed by two ridges, the
posterior broad, the anterior narrow and more conspicuous ; aper-
ture circular, angulate on upper margin; peristome double, angu-
late on lower margin, the outer very slightly reflected.

‘“One specimen only differs in being more solid, and has
distant costulation on half of the 1st whorl.

** Major diam. 2°8; alt. axis 1-4 mm.”

Hab. India: No. 7 Camp, Dikrang Valley, Dafla Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

‘“Only three specimens were found. The form recalls that of
A. gemmula, Bs., of Darjiling, but has distinetive characters by
which it may be readily known.” (Godwin-Austen.)

ore

373. Alyceus gemmula, Benson.

Alyceus gemmula, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, ii, 1859, p. 179;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 52 ; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 93, fig. 7; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 89 ; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus,
pl. 5, tig. 37; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 190, pl. 48,
figs. 4-4; 11, 1914, pp. 340, 356.

Alycaeus (Charax) gemmula, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) gemmula, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 371.

ALYCEUS. PASS:

Original description :—* Testa umbilicata, conoideo-depressa,
levigata, nitida, ad ventriculum minutissime, ad umbilicum crasse
striata, hyalina; spira conoidea, apice obtusiusculo, sutura profunda;
anfractibus 4 convexiusculis, ultimo compresse rotundato, tum
tumido, tubulum mediocrem gerente, tune fossiculato-constricto,
strictura crista recumbente, demumque area planata ab apertura
separata; apertura obliqua, superne arcuatim prominente,
peristomate duplici, valde incrassato-reflexo, intus superne ad
angulum et infra ad basin leviter emarginato; umbilico profundo.
Opere. ¢

‘Diam. major 23, minor 13, axis 13 mill.”

Hab. India: Rungun Valley, Sikhim (Blanford) ; Darjeeling
(Nevill).

‘Its affinities are with the Khasia A. hebes; but it is perfectly
distinct in colour, smaller size, sculpture, narrower constriction
behind the ridge, narrower umbilicus, and in the emargination
visible within the aperture at the lower part.” (Benson.)

374. Alyceus glaber, Lianford.
Alyceus glaber, Blantord, J. A.S. B. xxxiv, part 2, 1865, p. 84;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 97, figs. 8-10; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 60; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 89; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 4, fig. 31; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292 ;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1914, p. 418,
pl. 161, fig. 1.
Alycaeus (Charax) glaber, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) glaber, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 371.

Original description :—** Shell broadly umbilicated, conoidly
depressed, solid, reddish white, the upper whorls darker, rather
dul] in lustre, smooth, except at the swollen portion of the last
whorl, which is very finely and closely costulated. Spire depressly
conoid; apex rather obtuse; suture impressed. Whorls 4,
convex, the last obsoletely subangulate at the periphery, moderately
swollen at the side, then constricted, descending a little near the
mouth. Constriction of moderate length, smooth, slightly
swollen in the middle. Sutural tube of moderate length. Aperture
diagonal, circular; peristome more or less distinctly duplex,
thickened, moderately expanded. Operculum dark coloured,
horny, externally coucave, internally convex, with a prominent
central nucleus.

** Major diameter 74, minor ditto 6, axis 44 millim.”

Hab. Burma: Akyab, Arakan (Llanford).

“This species closely resembles A. ingrami, W. Blanf., for
which I for some time mistook it, but it is distinguished by the
absence of any sculpture on the upper whorls, and also by the
more oblique mouth.” (Blanford.)

254 CYCLOPHORID®.

375. Alyceus globulus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus globulus, Godwin-Austen, J.A.S.B. xiii, part 2, 1874,
p. 147, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a, 46; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 89; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 392, pl. 144, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.

Alycaeus (Charax) globulus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) globulus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. ovl.

Original description :—‘ Shell moderately umbilicated, globosely
turbinate, white, finely costulated on the shell of the first whorl,
becoming gradually smooth thence to the apex ; spire conoid, apex
flat, rounded; whorls 4, flat, the last moderately swollen, then
sharply constricted and again enlarged by a ridge from which
emanate four minor longitudinal ridges on the expanded portion
of the peristome; constriction narrow close to the sutural tube,
this is moderate in length and about equal to the distance of its
base to lip; aperture much expanded, oblique, round, angulate
above, waved on the outer margin and channelled within; the
outer lip of peristome thin, slightly recurved on the inner lower
margin. Operculum black, multispiral, concave.

‘Major diam. 0:2" [5 mm.j, minor 0:16" [4 mm.]; alt. 0-1"
[2-5 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Phunggum, a Naga village at head of Lanier
Valley, 5000 ft.

‘Near A. crispatus. Its larger globose form, long sutural tube,
and more open umbilicus mark it as distinct.” (Godwin-Austen.)

376. Alyceus habiangensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus habiangensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 374, pl. 188, figs. 2, 2a, 26.

Original description : —Shell minute, turbinate, closely umbuili-
cate, glassy ; sculpture confined to about 16 fine close ribs next the
sutural tube, the rest of shell showing very indistinct costulation ;
colour whitish ; spire conical; suture impressed, the sutural tube
short; whorls 4, the last constricted close to sutural tube, swelling
towards the aperture in one broad ridge, having subsidiary undu-
lations; aperture oblique, circular ; peristome: example is young,
and this is not continuous, it is simple, with no sign of crenation ;
columellar margin rounded ; operculum not present.

“ Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1:3 mm.”

Hab. India: Habiang Garo, on West Khasi border (Godwin-
Austen).

“This shell belongs to a group of Alyceus, characterized by
having a short tube anda narrow band of costulation, the rest of the
shell being generally smooth and more or less shiny. A. khasvacus,
G.-A., is one of the largest of this type of structure; it includes
conicus, G.-A., diagonius, G.-A., and pusillus, G.-A.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

ALYC2US. 250

377. Alyceus hebes, Berson.

Alyceus hebes, Benson, A. M.N.U. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 204;
Theobald, J. A. 8. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 818; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum,
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 37; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1860, p. 129,
pl. 35, figs. 28-31; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 8, xiii, 1864,
p. 459; Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8S. B. xl, part 2, 1871, p. 93, pl. 4,
figs. 5, 5a, 56; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 93,
figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39;
Sowerby in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 7, fig. 52 ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 191, pl. 48, figs. 1-le; ii,
1914, p. 374, pl. 145, figs. 5, 5a, 50.

Alyceus (Charax) hebes, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 8, iii, 1859,
p. 177; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) hebes, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p- 371.

Original description :—*‘ Testa umbilicata, solidiuscula, depressa,
vix striatula, ad spatium inflatum et circa umbilicum confertissime
striata, carneo-albida, apicem versus rubella; spira conoidea, apice
obtusiusculo, sutura impressa; anfractibus 4 convexiusculis,
ultimo ad latus gibboso, tubulum mediocrem suturalem gerente,
spatio constricto costa valida retro recumbente munito; apertura
obliqua, circulari; peristomate continuo, duplici, interiori porrecto,
exterlori expanso, incrassato.

* Diam. major 4, minor 3, axis 3 mill.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Zheobald).

“This species occurs on rocks, and is distinguished by the
structure of the aperture from the small Bornean 4. spiracellum,
A. & R. In the latter species, moreover, the rib behind and
above the aperture is nearly parallel with the peristome, whereas
in A. hebes it looks like a hoop which had fallen backwards on the
whorl. In both species it takes its rise at the right side of the
peristome, and ends at the suture, corresponding with an internal
suleus.” (Benson.)

378. Alyceus humilis, Blanford.
Alyceus humilis, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 136; id., op.
cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 49; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 93, figs. 8, 9;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 39; Sowerby in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 5, figs. 40 a, 400:
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 408, pl. 151, fig. 8.
Alycaeus (Charax) humilis, Wobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p- 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) humilis, Wobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p: 372.
Original deseription:—“ Testa aperte umbilicata, turbinato-
depressa, levis, rubello-succinea, ad apicem sanguinea. Spira
conoidea, apice obtusula, sutura profunda. Anfr. 32, rotundati,

256 CYCLOPHORID.®.

ultimus ad latus mediocriter inflatus et confertim costulatus, tum
constrictus, versus aperturam breviter descendens. Strictura
glabra, Jonga, antice tumidior, Tuoulum suturale breve, 3 peri-
pheriz subequans. Apertura obliqua, circularis; peristoma
duplex; externo retro-relicto, interno continuo, porrecto, tere
soluto. Operculum corneum, multispirum, externe concayum.

‘Diam. maj. 23, diam. min. 2, alt. 14; apert. diam. 3 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Akowtong, Pegu (blanford).

“ 4. humilis resembles somewhat the minute A. armillatus, B.,
but differs in the very much greater distance to which the strongly
marked costulation upon the tumid portion of the last whorl is
carried back from the constriction, the distance being in both
species proportional to the length of the sutural tube. A. humilis
is futher distinguished by its longer constriction, by the descent
of the mouth, and the greater tumidity of the last whorl. The
colour, as in many Alycwi, is probably not quite constant, some
specimens being white and translucent.” (Blanford).

379. Alyceus jaintiacus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus jaintiacus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p- 92, pl. 5, figs. 8, 34,36; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 39; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 38, 1876, p. 389;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 375, pl. 143, figs. 5, 8a, 5b.

Alycaeus (Charax) jaintiacus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr, Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) jaintiacus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 372.

Original description :—* Shell subobtusely perforated, turbinate,
pale amber or white, smooth, finely ribbed on the swollen portion
of the last whorl, with sign of subdistant ribbing behind the
termination of the sutural tube. Spire conoid, apex blunt, suture
impressed. Whorls 4, rounded, last very slightly swollen, then
moderately constricted, swelling again in a low ridge, somewhat
recurved. Constriction smooth; sutural tube rather short, fine;
aperture subvertical, round. Peristome deeply waved within;
salient angles between the undulations nodose; inner lip continuous,
outer reflected, considerably near the umbilicus.

‘¢ Major diam. 0:13" [3°25 mm. ], minor diam. 0-11" [2°75 mm.];
alt. 0°10” [25 mm.]; diam. of aperture 0:07" [1-75 mm. ].”
(Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Nongjinghi, Jaintia Hills.

Var. crassa, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus jaintiacus, var. crassus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 375, pl. 187, figs. 5, 5 a.
Original description: —“ Shell solid, globosely turbinate, narrowly
umbilicate ; sculpture: a few distant costulate lines on upper
whorls, fine and close costulation next the sutural tube; colour

AULYCEUS. DON

whitish ; spire conic, rather high ; apex blunt ; suture impressed ;
whorls 4, the last with a sharp constriction in front of sutural
tube, then expanding into a well-marked ridge inflated towards
aperture ; aperture circular, vertical; peristome much thickened,
double, the outer lip with a flange which nearly hides the umbilicus
and is sharply reflected, the inner crenulated on lower margin in
three notches.

“ Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1:75 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Nongjinghi, Jaintia Hills, 4563 ft. (Godwin-Austen).

380. Alyceus khasiacus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus khasiacus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p. 90, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a,46; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 103, figs. 5,6; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876.
p. 890; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby,
in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 1, fig. 8; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, pp. 376, 393, pl. 143, figs. 7, 7 a, 7d.

Alycaeus (Charax) khasvacus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) khastacus, WKobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 372.

Original description :—* Shell subturbinately depressed, openly
umbilicated, translucent, varying much in colour from horny amber
to pink- and dark red-browns; a shining surface, very finely
striated under leus, very minute ribbing on the swell of the last
whorl; in some specimens a faint costulation is seen. Spire
depressedly conoid, apex very blunt, often darker coloured than
rest of the shell. Suture impressed, whorls 4, well rounded, last
moderately swollen, sharply constricted and again enlarging into
two vertical ridges, that nearest the mouth being the least
developed, and only extending across the upper portion of the
whorl, being cut off by the peristome. Constriction smooth,
sutural tube very short and thick at the base. Aperture oblique,
round, slightly angulate above. Peristome more or less distinctly
double, inner continuous, outer slightly expanded. Operculum
multispiral, very concave in front, convex behind, no boss.

“ Major diam. 0:15” [3:75 mm.], minor diam. 0°13" [3-25 mm.] ;
alt. 0:09" [2-25 mm.]; diam. of aperture 0/07” [1°75 mm.];
sutural tube 0025" [0°65 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Khasi and Jaintia Hills; Cherra Poonjee, Assam
(Godwin-Austen). Burma: Valley of the Barak, Munipur (Godwin-
Austen).

“The very short tube and very fine ribbing on the last whorl,
and the plain surface of the rest of the shell, combine to make
this a very distinct and well-marked species of the genus Alycceus.

«This species, only smaller.in size and not with the red
coloration of the typical Khasi Hills form, occurred on the
Trigonometrical Hill Station of Angaoluo in the North Naga Hills,
It measures 3 mm. in major diameter as against 3°5 mm. of the

8

258 CYCLOPHORIDA.

type shell. I have true khasiacus from Jawai in the Jaintia Hills,
from Mairang and Shillong. I also found it in the valley of the
Barak, Munipur, and at Asalu in the North Cachar Hills.

“ Among a large series of this species variation may be noted
in a specimen here and there. The two ridges behind the peri-
stome are only slightly developed, blend and nearly disappear. Such
examples might be considered, if singly and separately collected,
to be a different species. The short sutural tube then shows-
what the true relationship is.” (Godwin-Austen.)

381. Alyczeus kezamaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus kezamaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 393, pl. 144, figs. 1, la.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conoid, umbilicated ;
sculpture distant, very regular costulation, at sutural tube fine and
very close; colour dark ochraceous ; spire conoid with flat sides ;
suture slightly impressed; whorls 4, not very rounded, the last
viewed from above expanding slightly forwards, constriction close
to base of sutural tube, then swelling slightly between it and the
peristome; aperture semiovate, angulate near suture: peristome
double, somewhat thickened and sinuate above.

“Major diam. 2°9; alt. axis 1 mm.”

Hab. India: Kezama, Anghami-Naga Hills (Godwin- Austen).

‘“¢ A very small species with no very salient characters allied to
asaluensis. A smaller shell, more globose, and differs in the form
of the aperture.” (Godwin- Austen.)

382. Alyceus kurzianus, 7heobald & Stoliczka.

Alyceus kurzianus, Theobald & Stoliezka, J. A.S.B. xli, part 2,
1872, p. 330, pl. 11, fig. 2; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1875,
p- 61; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 145, figs. 2, 3;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 3, fig. 22; Nevill.
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 295; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 409, pl. 151, figs. 7, 7 a.

Alycaeus (Charax) kurzvanus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) kurzianus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 373.

Original description :—“ A. testa subglobose conoidea, late
umbilicata, pallide rubescente; anfractibus 4, valde convexis,
sublevigatis, transversim distanter obsolete costellatis, ultimo
anfractu medio ambitus modice inflato, confertim costulato, tum
valde constricto levigatoque, in constrictione costa obtusa trans-
versa instructo, rursusque expansiusculo atque paulo deflexo;
apertura magna, obliqua, subrotundata, supra obtuse angulata,
infra anguste canaliculata; peritremate modice incrassato, duplici,
externo paulum expanse, labro interno plicatulo, labio sub-
levigato.

ALYCEUS. 259

“Diam. maj. specim. maximi 3-5, minor 38, alt. 2°7 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Nattoung, West Prome (Theobald); Pegu (Kurz).

“The peculiarly formed aperture with the lower canal and its
internal plication on the outer lip readily distinguish this species
from A. polygona, which besides differs by more rounded and
higher whorls.” (Theobald § Stoli¢zka.)

383. Alyceus lectus, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus, n. sp., Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294, no. 48.
Alyceus lectus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 340, pl. 186, figs. 5, 5a, 56.

Original description :—* Shell conoid, rather solid; sculpture
very much obliterated, fine distant costulation, some fine and close
behind the sutural tube, which is rather short, 0°09 mm.; colour
(an old shell, much worn); spire depressedly conic, apex blunt ;
suture impressed; whorls 4, increasing regularly, constriction
very narrow, the last swelling very slightly, and distance to the
aperture very short, only 1 mm., angulate below next the
_ umbilical region; aperture circular, oblique; peristome double,
thickened.

* Major diam. 3:3; alt. axis 1:8 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Chaukkalan, near Darjeeling (Stoliczka),

Allied to A. lenticulus, but has distinctive characters.

384. Alyceus lenticulus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus, n. sp., Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294, nos, 4%,

Alycaus lenticulus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xliii, part 2, 1874,
p- 147; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 340, pl. 136,
figs, 2, 2a, 4,4 a, 46.

Original description :— Shell conoid, moderately umbilicated.
globosely conoid; sculpture not well seen, fine costulation near
sutural tube, which is rather short, only 0:075 mm. long; colour
bleached; spire conic, rather high, apex blunt; suture rather
shallow; whorls 4, very evenly increasing, the constriction slight,
short, then swelling gradually towards the aperture; aperture
very oblique, ovate, straight on outer margin, rounded on the
columellar side, angular above ; peristome double, very slightly
thickened.

“ Major diam. 3:4; alt. axis 1-4 mm.”

Hab, India: Darjeeling (Stoliczka); Rungun Valley, Sikhim
(Stoliczka, Mainwaring); Rissom Peak, Western Bhutan Hills.

“|... It is very similar to A. theobaldi, Bs., from the Khasi
Hills, but is smaller with a more expanded aperture; peristome
less thickened, and the sculpture appears to have been very fine.

“No. 49 of Nevill’s Hand List, p. 294,..... l consider
A, lenticulus, three are adult shells, of which I figure one (pl. 136,

s2

260 CYCLOPHORID ®,

figs. 4-44), as the type specimen is certainly not fully grown.
This specimen is more globose, the peristome much thickened,
and shows fine close costulation contiguous to the sutural tube.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

385. Alyceus multirugosus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus multirugosus, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B. xlii, part 2,
1874, p. 149, pl. 8, figs. 7,7 a; Theobald, Cat. Sheils Brit. India,
1876, p. 40; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ui,
1914, p. 395, pl. 144, figs. 7, 7 a.

Alycaeus (Charax) multirugosus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 49.

Alycueus (Dicharax) multirugosus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 873.

Original description: — “Shell depressedly turbinate, rather
openly umbilicated, translucent, pale cerneous, smooth glistening
surface, very minute ribbing near sutural tube. Spire flatly
conoid ; whorls 4, flat, the last very little swollen, constricted and
enlarged again towards the aperture into a zigzag-shaped ridge
or what might be described as three parallel and connected ridges.
Sutural tube short. Aperture oblique, circular; peristome double,
both continuous and the outer slightly reflected. Operculum.. .?

“Major diam. 0°12" [38 mm.], minor diam. 0:08" [2 mm.|;
ait. 0-08” [2 mm.]; sutural tube 0°037" [0°9 mm.].”

Hab. India: Hills at head of Lanier River, Naga Hills,
5-6000 ft. (Godwin-Austen).

“A close ally of A. khasiacus, mihi, but a much smaller shell ;
the many ridged area near constriction, however, is a wide
departure from that form.” (Godwin-Austen.)

386. Alyceus mutatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus mutatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p. Lid, plow, nes. LE vas Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291 ;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 357,
pl. 145, figs. 9, 9a; pl. 157, fig. 8.

Alyceus khasiacus (1876 not 1871), Godwin-Austen, J. A.S.B.
xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 175 + var. Dafla.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) mutatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 379.

Original description :—“ Shell subturbinately depressed, openly
umbilicated, fragile, covered with a scabrous dull ochreous epi-
dermis, which peels off in old shells, very regularly and strongly
striated throughout, the ribbing on the last whorl very fine.
Spire subconoid, apex rather blunt, suture deeply impressed.
Whorls 4, rounded, the last swollen, moderately constricted, then
again expanded and crossed by two ridges, the last of these not
extending all round the whorl. The constriction very regularly
ribbed. Sutural tube short, thickened at the base. Aperture
oblique, circular. Peristome double, but closely united, very

ALYCEUS. 261

slightly reflected. Operculum multispiral, the edges of the outer
whorls in high relief so as to form a deep cup-like hollow in
the centre.

« Alt. 0-10 [2°5 mm.], major diam. 0°20 [5 mm.], sutural tube
0-055 in. [1°375 mm. ].”

Hab. India: Toruputu, Tanir, Shengohr Peaks ; Yetay Ravine,
Dikrang Valley, 6-7000 ft.; V alley of the Dikrang and Borpani,
Dafia Hills (Godwin- -Austen).

‘This shell is an interesting ally of A. khastacus, from which it
differs in its thick, well- ribbed epidermis, but more especially in
the very different form of the operculum, which in khasiacus
is quite smooth and concave in front. It is alsoa smaller and
more delicately formed shell.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Sid

387. Alyceus neglectus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus neglectus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 358, pl. 154, fig. 5.

Original description :— Shell globosely pyramidal, openly um-
-bilicated, remains of a dark epidermis ; sculpture on upper whorls,
fine, irregular, rather close, raised striz, becoming finely costulate
tor the length of the sutural tube ; colour whitish, probably pale
brown when younger; spire fairly high, apex small; suture im-
pressed, the tube moderately long; whorls 4, well rounded, the
last slightly constricted then swelling into a straight ridge halfway
between the costulate portion and the aperture; aperture oval,
oblique; peristome simple, straight, yet curving slightly on the
columellar side, rather flat below, curving up on the outer margin ;
operculum black, smooth.

“ Major diam. 5°25; alt. axis 3 mm.’

Hab. India: Toruputu Peak, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“In form quite distinct from A. theobaldi of the SKhasi
Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

388. Alyczus nongtunensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus nongtunensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 378, pl. 188, figs.5,5 a.

Original description :— Shell globosely and tumidly turbinate,
closely umbilicated, glassy lustre; sculpture: the costulation is
confined to a narrow belt near the sutural tube, a slight indication
of distant costulation on the first whorl in front; colour pale burut
sienna; spire low, conic, sides very slightly convex; suture im-
pressed, sutural tube short ; whorls 4, well rounded, the last only

slightly constricted, and spreads forwards from the sutural tube for
a considerable distance, with a smooth rounded surface ; aperture
circular, a slight angulation above ; peristome double, continuous,
the inner expanded ; columellar margin rounded.

“ Major diam. 2°8; alt. axis 1:25 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Nongtung, Jaintia Hills (Godwin-Austen).

262 CYCLOPHORIDS.

389. Alyczus notatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus notatus, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
ps L716; pling, fies, 9791, 0; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 291;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 1, 1886, p. 19),
pl. 43, figs. 2, 2a, 2.6; id., op. cit. 11, 1914, p. 858, pl. 145,
fies, 8, 8a.

Alyeaeus (Charax) notatus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) notatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 374.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell globosely turbinate, narrowly
umbilicated, of solid form, white; distant strong costulation on the
upper whorls, close and fine ribbing on swollen portion of the last.
Spire conoid, suture fairly impressed. Whorls 43, closely wound,
the last swollen, then sharply constricted, and again enlarged and
descending, the expanded portion being marked with deep fold-like
furrows. Sutural tube moderate, aperture oblique. Peristome
very thick, distinctly treble in full-grown shells, outer layer
terminating just behind the aperture, the inner continuous, the
two outer muck reflected near the umbilicus. Operculum smooth
in front.

Alt. 0°14 [3°5 mm.], major diam. 0°17 in. [4°25 mm.}.”

eh India: on the slopes of Toruputu Peak, 3000 ft.; Dafla
Hills; Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

us This is one of the most distinct and curious I have yet
liscovered, the fold-like indentations upon the expanded portion
near the aperture having no counterpart in any other form with
which I am acquainted. In other respects it is somewhat similar
to A. diagonius, in the strong thick peristome and closely wound
whorls.” (Godwin-Austen.)

390. Alyceus notus, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus notus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11,
1914, p. 411, pl. 155, fig. 12.

Original description :—‘ Shell umbilicated, depressedly conoid,
rather solid ; sculpture on upper whorls fine very close costulation,
becoming more distant as the end of the sutural tube is reached,
it is then particularly fine and close, smooth behind aperture ;
colour stony white, some having a pink apex; spire low, apex
blunt ; suture impressed, the sutural tube rather short ; whorls 4,
rounded, constriction slight near base of sutural tube, then swelling
very slightly forward to the peristome ; aperture ov ately circular ;
peristome double, thick, inner continuous, plain, outer reflected ;
operculum closely spiral, brown.

‘“* Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1-5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Fort Stedman (W an

Like armillatus, but much larger.

ALYC.AUS. 263

391. Alycw#us obscurus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus obscurus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
li, 1914, p. 378, pl. 154, figs. 9, 9 a.

Original description :— ‘Shell umbilicated, globosely conical ;
sculpture, fine somewhat distant costulation on the upper w horls,
next the sutural tube becoming much stronger and closer; colour
whitish ; spire conic, sides flat, apex small; suture impressed ;
whorls Ag, the last sharply constricted close to the sutural tube,
then swelling intoa sharply curving ridge and expanding forwards
to the aperture, about halfway a well-defined narrow ridge extends
across the whorl from side to side; aperture oblique, widely ovate,
expanding ; peristome double, the outer much expanded on the
inner lower margin, the inner shows crenulation extending
backwards internally, the two combined are vertical on the
columellar margin.

‘“* Major diam. 4; ; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Cherra Poonjee, Assam.

«This was among some unnamed Alyecei from Cherra Poonjee
-and Teria Ghat, kindly sent to me by Mr. John Ponsonby. I
have nothing like it in my own collection from those places and
LT have reason to think the locality correct. It has several well-
marked characters.” (Godwin-Austen.)

392. Alyceus ochraceus, Godwin- Austen.

Alyceus ochraceus, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 594 ;
id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 3, pl. 63, figs. 7,
7a, 76; id., op. cit. il, 1914, p. 411.

Alycaeus (Charax) ochraceus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) ochraceus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 374.

Original description :—* Shell sub-depressedly turbinate ; sculp-
ture: rather strong ribbing on the swollen part of the last whorl,
on the apical whorls it is close and fine; colour ochre; spire
somewhat flattened, apex blunt; suture deep ; whorls 4, the last
moderately swollen; sharp constriction in front of sutural tube,
followed by a strong ridge which is contiguous to the crenulate
peristome ; aperture circular, suboblique; peristome strongly
crenulated, double; operculum horny, a large central excavated
circular space, surrounded by a pale ring, rising above to the
marginal portion.

ee Major diam. 4°5; alt. axis 1:5 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Ruby Mines District (Doherty).

“The nearest known species allied to this is A. erenatus, of the
Khasi Hills, but the ridge behind the aperture in this last lies
further back with a short interval; the peristome is not so
strongly crenulate. A. plectocheilus of Darjiling is a much smaller
form.” (Godwin-Austen.)

264 CYCLOPHORID#.

393. Alyceus pachitaensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus pachitaensis, Godw in-Austen, Land & Freshw, Moll. India,
1, 1886, p. 190, pl. 48, figs. 5-5 ¢; ii, 1914, p. 359.
Alycaeus (Chara) Be se A Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.

Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) pachitaensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 374.

Original description :—‘‘Sheli depressedly turbinate, openly
umbilicated, small; sculpture: apical whorls quite smooth, some
distinct distant costulation on the posterior side of the last whorl.
succeeded by very fine and close on the swollen portion of the
same; colour dull whitish ochre; spire subconoid, apex blunt;
suture impressed, the tube short ; whorls 4, the last swollen, the
constriction close to the sutural tube, slightly enlarging again
midway between it and the peristome, and this portion quite
smooth ; aperture oblique, ovate, angular above and below; peri-
stome double, thickened, with a well- defined notch below, columellar
margin concave ; oper culum multispiral, horny, brown.

Hs Major diam. 3:2, alt. axis 2°6 mm.’

Hab. India: Pachita Village (Camp No. 7 of the Expeditionary
Force, 1874-75), Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-Austen).

“This shell finds its nearest ally in A. gemmula, Bs., of the
Darjiling side, but the distinct ridge next the constriction is
reduced to a mere even swelling of the Ww horl, and the peristome
and form of aperture differ; it is also larger.” (G@odwin-Austen.)

394. Alyceus peilei, Preston.
Alyceus (Charax) peilet, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. xi, 1914, p. 22,
text-fig.

Alyceus peilet, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 397.

Original description :—* Shell irregularly discoidal, moderately
depressed, white; whorls 4, the last gibbous, thin, strongly stran-
gulated, and again becoming gibbous just behind the labrum,
sculptured with fine, somewhat distant, transverse, arcuate striz,
which become closely crowded on the last whorl; suture rather
deeply impressed ; tube about 3 mm. in length; umbilicus rather
widely ovate, deep; columella obliquely curved; labrum con-
tinuous, double above, treble below, erect, sinuous, having two
notches, one broad in front, the other narrower above; aperture
irregularly sub-circular.

“Alt. 4, diam. maj. 6:5, min. 5:5 mm. Aperture: alt. 1°5,
diam. 1°75 mm.” (Preston.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills.

395. Alyczus plectochilus, Benson.

Alyceus plectocheilus, Benson, A.M. N. H. ser. 3, 111, 1859, p. 180 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 53; Hanley & Theobald,

ALYCRUS. 265

Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 96, figs. 5,6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. 2 OMAN Cle
Alyceus, pl. 2, fies. 14a, 146; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 342,
pl. 154, figs. 4- Le; large var. ibid. p. 343, pi. 193, figs. 3-30.

Alyceus (Charax) plectocheilus, Benson, op. cit. p. 177.

Alycaeus (Charax) plectochilus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49,

Alycaeus (Dicharax) plectochilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 575

Original description :—“< Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-turbi-
nata, confertim striatula, striis nonnullis ad suturam elevatis,
nitente, subpellucida, rufescenti-albida; spira brevi, depresso-
conoidea, apice obtuso, sutura impressa ; anfractibus 3} convexis,
ultimo rotundato, profunde constricto, tubulum mediocrem
gerente, strictura crista angusta elevata, intus cavo-sulcata, peri-
stoma expansum simulante, ab apertura separata; apertura vix
obliqua, subcireulari, peristomate duplici, margine columellari
leviter incrassato-reflexo, dextrali valde incrassato-porrecto, fortiter
acutangulatim erispo-plicato, plicis quinque aperturam arctantibus,
marginibus callo ee eee angulato junctis. Opere. ?

«Diam. major 23, minor 2, axis vix 2 mill.”

Hab. India: Rungun Valley ; Darjeeling (Blanford, Main-
waring); Damsang Peak, Western Bhutan, large var.

‘The dimensions given are those of the largest of four speci-
mens. ‘ihe strenuously vandyked plication of the incrassate edges
of the porrect dextral side of the peristome is a remarkable
feature in this minute species. It recalls the curious frill in
Pterocyclos bilabiatus, Sow., but in a more exaggerated guise, not-
withstanding the sana: of the shell. The edges of the folds
are daeenen and slightly reflected. Its smaller size, sculpture,
and wider umbilicus, and, above all, the mode of constriction,
prove that it is not an exaggerated form of crenulatus. The
deceptive appearance of the ridge or crest at first induced me to
class the shell with Diory«; but a closer investigation of the mode
in which the ridge was attached to the true peristome, and a view
of the internal sulcus, revealed the true position of the species.”
( Benson.)

“The operculum of this specimen [large var.| is multispiral,
smooth and black.” (Godwin-Austen.)

396. Alyceus polygonoma, Llanford.

Alyceus polygonoma, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 140; id.,
op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 51; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 96,
figs. 2, 3; "Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, D. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877 , Alyeaus, pl. 2, fig. ll
(polygonus) ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 293 ; Godwin-: Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 423 , pl. 141, fig. 5.

Alycaeus (Charaz) polygonoma, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

266 CYCLOPHORID”®.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) polygonoma, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 375.

Original description :— Testa aperte et perspective umbilicata,
turbinata, radiato-striata, rubello-succinea. Spira conica, apice
obtusula, sutura profunda. Anfr. 4 rotundati, ultimus ad latus
valde inflatus, ibidem confertissime et acute costulatus ; spatium
constrictum longitudinis mediocris, costulato-striatum, medio in
costam prominentem, intus cavo-sulcatam, 2 vel 3 costulis sig-
natam, tumescens. Tubulum suturale mediocre, { peripherize
subsequans. Apertura obliqua, polygonali-circularis, basi valde
antice sinuata; peristoma duplex; interno vix porrecto, margine
dextro ter subangulato, basi subeanaliculato ; externo incrassato-
expansulo, processu brevi, acuto, basali munito.

*“¢ Diam. maj. 5, min, 41, alt.33; ap. diam. 13 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Arakan Hills (Jngram) ; Mai-i, Sandoway District
(Theobald); Bassein (Blanford); Shoukbeng, on the Prome and
Tongoop road (Blanford).

“« This species is allied to the last described [A. succeneus] but is
distinguished by its higher spire, less marked sculpture, by the
strong ridge on the constriction, and by the more polygonal
aperture. The incision of the base, however, is slighter, and, in
this species, accompanied by a slight corresponding projection
beneath, which represents, on a small scale, the large ear-like basal
process in A. prosectus, Bens., from the Khasi Hills. The inner
peristome of that species also has a slight basalindentation within
the aperture.” (Blanford.)

397. Alyceus prosectus, Benson.

Alyceus prosectus, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 208;
Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 318; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 36; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, 1, 1860, p. 128,
pl. 35, figs. 21-23; Godwin-Austen, J. A.S.B. x1, part 2, 1871,
p- 93, pl. 5, figs. 1, 1@; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
pl. 92, figs. 2,3; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 6. fig. 49 ;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 380,
pl. 143, figs. 1, la, 16.

Alycaeus ( Charax) prosectus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) prosectus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 375.

Alyceus prosectus, var., Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 381.

Original description :—‘* Testa mediocriter umbilicata, subeam-
panulato-depressa, subremote striatula, striis elevatis spiralibus
remotiusculis cincta, ad spatium inflatum anfractus ultimi confer-
tissime et acutissime costulata, albida, versus apicem mucronatum
rubella; spira brevi, sutura profunda; anfractibus 4 convexis,
subapicali exserto, ultimo ad latus pone stricturam valde gibboso,

ALYCAUS. 267

tubulum suturalem mediocrem gerente, antice leviori; apertura
valde obliqua, circulari; peristomate simplici vel duplici, interiori
duplicis expansiusculo, exteriori dilatato, superne ad angulum et
ad basin alato-producto, margine columellari angusto. Operculo
concavo, levi, muitispirato.

“ Diam. major 7, minor 6, axis 5 mill.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Vheobald); extending
west to Habiang, Garo Hills, and east to South Jaintia (Godwin-
Austen).

‘Tt is related to the Burmese A. wmbonalis and to A. stranyu-
latus, Hutton. Inferior in size to the former, it is easily distin-
guished by its sculpture and by the peculiar development of the
outer lip at its insertion and base, while the narrow columellar lip
gives an appearance of artificial truncation to the peristome at
that part. In the variety the internal lip is not developed. The
margins of the whorls in the operculum are not conspicuously
raised as in A. wnbonalis.” (Benson.)

Godwin-Austen records a variety—unnamed—from Cherra
Poonjee, in the Ponsonby collection, which is smaller than the
usual typical form, and though quite similar in shape, shows a
decided tendency to crenulation on the outer margin of the peri-
stome; a similar tendency he observed in other species.

Some specimens from Teria Ghat he noted being as much as
8 mm. in major diameter, varying much in size even from this
locality, fully-grown specimens being only 6 mm, From some
places all are small; G. Nevill distinguished them as var. minor.

From Rywuk, at the foot of the Garo Hills, he found the
form to differ considerably in haying a tendency to a crenulate
peristome.

398. Alycxus rechilaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus rechilaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
11, 1914, p. 343, pl. 134, figs. 2, 2 a.

Original description :—‘* Shell very openly umbilicated, de-
pressedly conoid, covered with a strong epidermis; sculpture :
costulation strong, very close and regular on upper whorls, still
more so next sutural tube, where 21 ribs can be counted, the tube
is rather short ; colour ochraceous with a green tinge ; spire low,
apex small; suture well impressed; whorls 4, tumid, sides
rounded, the distance from the constriction to the aperture is not
great, and is crossed just behind it by a well-defined ridge of
regular breadth; aperture circular, obtusely angulate on upper
inner margin; peristome simple, double, not reflected ; operculum
black, multispiral, concave, whorls rough and raised above
each other.

“Major diam. 5; alt. axis 2°75 mm.” (Godwi-Austen.)

Hab. India: Rechila Peak, Daling District, on Sikhim-Bhutan
Frontier, 10,300 ft.

268 CYCLOPHORID.

399, Alyceus richthofeni, Blanford.

Alyceus richthofeni, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxii, 1863, p. 324;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind, 1874, pl. 94, tigs. 5, 6; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 62; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1876,
Alyceus, pl. 3, figs. 23.a,23 6; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 293;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 428,
pl. 151, fig. 9.

Alycaeus (Charax) richthofeni, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) richthofeni, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 376.

Original description :—“ Shell umbilicated, turbinate, rather
solid, closely flexuously costulated, more strongly so on the
inflated portion. Spire conical; apex rather acute; suture im-
pressed. Whorls 5, rounded, the last moderately swollen at the
side, and subangulate at the periphery, and more strongly so
round the umbilicus, then much contracted, ascending slightly at
the inflation, descending considerably behind the aperture. Con-
striction slightly costulated, crossed by a very prominent vertical
ridge. Sutural tube of moderate length, about 2; mm. Aperture
circular, very oblique. Peristome continuous, double, the inner
lip projecting slightly, and waved three times on the dextral side.
Outer lip broadly and flatly expanded. Operc.?

‘Major diam. 5, minor ditto 4, alt. 4; diam. ap. 13 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Moulmain (Lichthofen).

“The species is quite distinct in type from any Indian or
Burmese form with which I am acquainted; it combines a high
conical spire with a strong ridge on the constriction, butit recalls
somewhat the Javanese A. jagori, Martens.” (Blanford.)

400. Alyczus rugosus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus rugosus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii;
1914, p. 359, pl. 141, figs. 7, 7 a.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conical, umbilicus much
constricted ; sculpture: well defined, close costulation next the
suture, becoming for a short distance behind finer and then at
once becoming strong and distant on the upper whorls; colour
whitish; spire high, conical; suture well impressed, the sutural
tube not very long; whorls 5, well rounded, the last crossed by a
single strong ridge between the constriction and the aperture ;
aperture angularly oval, oblique; peristome much crenulated, on
the outer and lower margins double; columellar margin suboblique,
curving.

“Major diam. 3, alt. axis 1°8 mm.”

Hab. India: Burroi Gorge, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

ALYORUS. 269

“T have compared this species with Alyceus erispatus from the
Western Khasi, Garo Frontier, and with crispatus, var. from the
Diyung Valley, near Asalu (vide plate iv, figs. 1 & 2, J.A.8. B.
vol. xl, 1871), and although a close ally, it differs considerably
from both, being much more conical, and with a different
constricted area.” (Godwin-Austen.)

401. Alyceus strangulatus, Pfeiffer.
Cyclostoma strangulatum (Hutton), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iii, 1846,

‘p. 86; id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1846, p. 104, pl. 17,
fies. 7,8; pl. 38, fig. 35.

Alyceus strangulatus, Gray, Nomencl. Brit. Mus. 1, 1850, p. 28;
Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 147; id., Cat. Phaneropn.
Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 84; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 120; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 278; Blanford, A. M.N. H. ser. 3,
xiii, 1864, p. 458; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 95,
figs. 2, 3; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 6, fig. 47 ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 337, pl. 156, figs. 1, La.

Alyceus (Charax) strangulatus, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, iii,
1859, p. 177; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharax) strangulatus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 376.

Original description:—“T, late umbilicata, depressa, subdis-
coidea, tenuis, subtilissime costulato-striata, corneo-hyalina; spira
vix elevata, obtusiuscula; anfr. 4 convexi, ultimus latera inflatus,
prope aperturam strangulatus, antice angustatus; apertura obliqua,
circularis ; perist. simplex, album, subincrassato-expansiusculum,
marginibus approximatis, callo junctis.—Opere. membranaceum,
multispirum.

“ Diam. 44, alt. 22 mill.” (Pfetfer.)

Hab. India: Simla (Stolickza); Naini Tal (Oldham); Landour
(Hutton) ; Mussoorie, Kumaon ( Godwin-Austen).

Kobelt in ‘ Das Tierreich’ indicates Borneo as the habitat of
this species, evidently a lapsus.

In Kumaon specimens Godwin-Austen found the costulation
finer all over, and not so defined and distant near the sutural
tube, the general formof the tube the same, the swelling near
the constriction higher. Naini Tal specimens were of a similar
character.

402, Alyceus stylifer, Benson.

Alyceus stylifer, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, xix, 1857, p. 204;
Theobald, J. A. 5S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 322; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 87; id., Novit. Conch. ser. 1, i, 1860, p. 128,
pl. 35, figs. 24-27; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874,
pl. 92, figs. 1,4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 6, tig. 46 ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 344, pl. 133, tigs. 2-2 e.

270 OYCLOPHORID®.

Alyceus (Charav) stylifer, Benson, A. M. N.H.ser. 38, ii, 1859,
p. 177; Kobelt & Molendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. p. 49.

Alycaeus (Dicharaz) stylifer, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 376.

Original description :—* Testa umbilicata, depressa, confertim
striatula, ad spatium inflatum confertissime acute costulata,
nitente, albida; spira brevi, mucronata, apice obtusulo, sutura
profunda; anfractibus 4 convexis, ultimo pone stricturam gibbo,

Fig. 35.—Alyceus stylifer. (X 2.)

tubulum mediocrem gerente, medio stricture costam prominentem
(intus concavam) exhibente; apertura obliqua, subcirculari,
irregulari, sinuata; peristomate simplici, incrassato - reflexo.
Opere. 4

“Diam. major 54, minor 43, axis 33 mill.”

Hab. Sikhim: Darjeeling (H. Blanford). Damsang, Daling
District, W. Bhutan (Godwin-Austen).

“The rib behind the outer lip corresponds with a deep sulcus
within the aperture.... The single specimen from which the
above description was made is a dead and discoloured shell.”
( Benson.)

Godwin-Austen found the Darjeeling form the larger, with the
sutural tube longer and the costulation next to it far coarser.
The Damsang specimen measures: major diam. 5, alt. axis
2-5 mm.

The specimen now figured is in the British Museum.

403. Alyceus subculmen, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus subculmen, Godwin-Austen, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 5983 ;
id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 4, pl. 68, figs. 4,4 a;
1914, p. 398.

Alycaeus (Charax) subculmen, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) subculmen, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 377.

Original description :—* Shell globosely turbinate, solid, closely
perforate ; sculpture: smooth on all the upper whorls and polished,
close-set ribbing on the swell of the last whorl; colour dark
ochraceous ; spire conical, apex rounded, blunt; suture impressed ;
whorls 4, round, the last swollen, contracted at base of a short
sutural tube, then rising intoa depressed ridge ; thence expanding
and spreading to the aperture; aperture circular, subvertical ;
peristome double, much thickened, simple, continuous.

‘Major diam. 2°75 ; alt. axis 1°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Naga Hills (Aldrich).

s

Faun. Brit. Ind., Moll. iii, Pl. II, p. 271

Alycaeus subhumilis.

ALYCZUS. 271

* This is a very distinct species; in the solid, rounded peristome
it approaches A. conicus from Jaintia and A. vestitus from the
Arakan Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

404. Alyceus subhumilis, J/dllendorff.

Alycaeus (Charax) subhumilis (Nevill), Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 41; Kobelt & Millendorff, op. cit.
xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.

Alycacus (Dicharax) subhumilis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 377.

Alyceus subhumilis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
il, 1914, p. 344. .

Original description:—“ T. anguste umbilicata, depresso-globosa,
solidula, subpellucida, subtiliter striatula, costulis valde distantibus
deciduis sculpta. Spira convexo-conoidea, sursum rubella. Anfr. 4
convexi, ultimus a medio tumidus, basi gibbus, tum valde con-
strictus, post stricturam crista valde elevata, cinctus. Apertura
modice obliqua, subcircularis, peristoma extus sat expansum, valde
incrassatum, quasi multiplicatum, intus porrectum, vix expansum,
_ad insertionem et basi sinuatum, sat excisum.

“ Diam, 2°8, alt. 2°2 mm.” (Méllendorff)

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Hungerford).

Specimens from Cachar ? (Stoliczka) sent to Godwin-Austen
as A. subhumilis were determined by the latter to be his
A, nongtungensis.

405. Alyczus succineus, ee

Alyceus succineus, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 139 ; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p- 50; Blanford, Te NaS: Be XXXIV,
1865, _P 99; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 96,
fies. 7, 10: Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 40;
Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, dlyceus, pl. 2, tig. 16 ;
Godwin- ‘Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 424,
1. 151, fig. 2.

Aneaste (Charac) succineus, Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharav) succineus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,

1902, p. 377.

Original description :—‘ Testa aperte umbilicata, depresso-tur-
binata, acute sinuato-costulata, succinea, translucens. Spira
conoidea, apice obtusula, sutura impressa. Anfr. 4, ultimus ad
latus inflatus, ibidem confertissime costulatus. Strictura longa,
medio tumida, et duobus vel tribus costulis obliquis, sulculis
internis correspondentibus, signata. Tubulum suturale mediocre,
+ peripherie subzquans. Apertura obliqua, irregulariter circu-
laris, superne subangulata: peristoma duplex; interno continuo,
incrassato, expansulo, margine dextro bis obtuse angulato, ad
basin canaliculo haud intrante perforato; externo breviter expanso,
retro relicto.

‘ Diam. maj. 5, min. 4, alt. 34, ap. diam. 1} mm.”

Hab. Burma: Moditoung, Arakan (Blanford).

272 CYCLOPHORIDA.

“Some of the peculiarities of this species, such as the
canaliculate base of the peristome, and the two or three small
plaits cn the constrictions are repeated in the next described
[ 4. polygonoma]. The plaits or ridges just referred to, although
they have corresponding internal hollows, are scarcely so promi-
nent as those forming the sculpture of the upper portion of the
shell. They are nearer to the mouth than to the rise of the
sutural tube, and rest upon a tumidity which is scarcely sufficiently
pronounced to enable the species to be assigned to the section
Charax of Benson, although it exactly represents the well-marked
ridge in the undermentioned species A. polygonoma. The sutural
tube is, in one specimen, somewhat short of the typical length.”
(Blanford.)

406. Alyceus teriaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus teriaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 382, pl. 144, figs. 10, 10a.

Original description :—“ Shell rather closely umbilicated,
globosely pyramidal; sculpture: surface smooth on the whole,
distant fine costulation on the upper whorls, crossed by some 5 or 6
very distinct longitudinally fine lirate lines; strong costulation
next the sutural tube; colour whitish ; spire high; suture well
impressed, sutural tube moderately long; whorls 43, sides very
rounded; the distance from aperture to sutural tube short and
constricted; aperture quite circular, suboblique ; peristome double,
broad and fiat, and expanded on the outer margin, very narrow
on the columellar side; operculum situated near the aperture,
very dark brown, with a central circular hollow.

“ Major diam. 3°9; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, foot of the Khasi Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

“The longitudinal sculpture is a very distinguishing feature of
this species. In form it is very similar to A. imflatus of the
Naga Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

407. Alyceus theobaldi, Blanford.

Alyceus theobaldi, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 142; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 49; Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B.
xl, part 2, 1871, p. 93, pi. 4, figs. 4, 4a,4b; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 97, figs. 2,3; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 5, fig. 44; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 290;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 382,
pl. 145, figs. 4, 4a.
Alycaeus (Charax) theobaldi, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 129; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 49.
Alycaeus (Dicharax) theobaldi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 377.
Original description:—“'Testa aperte umbilicata, conoideo-
depressa, corneo-albida, translucens, costulis elevatis, sinuatis,

ALYCEUS. Be

remotis ornata, inter costulas striatula. Spira depresso-conica,
apice obtusula, sutura imapressa. Anfractus 33 convexi, ultimus
ad latus mediocriter tumidus, ibidem confertissime costulatus.
Spatium constrictum longum, striatulum, medio tumidum.
Tubulum suturale mediocre, } peripherie subequans. Apertura
obliqua, expandens, circularis; peristoma ad anfractum penultimum
breviter interruptum, marginibus callo junctis, duplex ; externo ex-
pansulo, interno breviter porrecto. Opere. corneum, multispirum,
externe perconcavum, nucleo centrali interno prominente papillari.

“ Diam. maj. 4, min. 33, alt. 23, ap. diam. 17 mm.

Hab. India: Khasi Hills (Theobald).

‘““T received two specimens of this species from Mr. Theobald
as A, hebes, Bens., of which they were supposed to be young shells.
They, however, prove, on closer examination, to be fully grown
and distinct, the slight swelling in the centre of the constriction
contrasting strongly with the high recurved ridge in A. hebes.
This alone would shew the present to be a different species, but
it is also distinguished by its lower spire, narrower umbilicus,
smaller size, and thinner and interrupted peristome, the last
character not occurring in any other species of the genus. The
well-marked distant costulation of the upper whorls of A. theobald:
is entirely wanting in A. hebes. The operculum of the latter does
not appear to have been described. A single specimen in my
possession is dark horny, indistinctly multispiral, extremely con-
cave in front, and convex, almost conical, behind, and deficient in
the central boss so prominent in most Alyce.

*« Although there is a swelling in the centre of the constriction
me A theobaldi, it does not amount to a marked ridge, such as
characterizes the ‘y pical forms of the section Charawx of Mr. Benson,
e.g. A. stylifer, B. It is consequently not clear whether thin
species should be classed with the members of that section, or
with those of the typical group. Several species indeed tend to
connect these two subdivisions, which more recent discoveries
have rendered less distinct than they appeared to be when first
described. ” (Blanford.)

“This species is variable in size, retaining its principal
characters. Thus from the North Khasi Scarp, near Maotherichan
Lrigonometrical Station, I obtained eight specimens far larger
than those from Cherra Poonjee. Three of the largest measure
5 mm. in diameter as against 4 from the last named “locality. It

was found at Shillong and Jawai.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Var. solida, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus theobaldi, var. solidus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 383, pl. 155 tig. 10.

Original description :—* Shell depressedly and conoidly globose,
openly umbilicated, solid; sculpture very distant, strong costu-
lation above, next sutural "tube, which is not very long—there are

23 ribs, nearly twice as strong as in typical theobaldi, which has
r

Q74. CYCLOPHORID ®,

about 36, much closer together; colour pale ochraceous; spire
low; suture impressed; whorls 4, rounded, constriction sharp,
swelling slightly to the aperture, the distance being greater than
in A. theobaldi; aperture nearly circular, angulate above, and
much expanded ; peristome double, inner continuous, outer much
expanded but not reflected.

“ Major diam. 3°5; alt. axis 1°6 mm.”

Hab. India: Garo Hills (Godwim-Austen).

‘Five of this pretty form are in the collection; although very
close to A. theobaldi, it is easily distinguishable in its size, general
form, and sculpture.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Var. diyungensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus theobaldi, var. diyungensis, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 401, pl. 158, fig. 4.

Original description :—‘* Shell well umbilicated, depressedly tur-
binate; sculpture: rather strong, regular, close costulation
extending just beyond the end of the suture, the rest of the shell
smooth, finely striate, with very distant costulation; colour
ochraceous, some with a green tint ; spire conic, depressed ; suture
well impressed, the tube moderately long; whorls 4, rounded ;
aperture circular, slightly angulate above; peristome double, the
outer, viewed from above, rather expanded; columellar margin
rounded.

‘Major diam. 4:2; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. Diyung Valley, north of Asalu, N. Cachar (Godwin- Austen).

“This Diyung Valley species is a departure from A. theobaldi
of the Khasi Hills in having the apex less high and conical, the
suture more impressed, the shell more openly umbilicated ; costu-
lation next suture stronger.” (Godwin-Austen.)

408. Alyceus toruputuensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus theobaldi, var., Godwim-Austen, J, A.S. B, xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 175, pl. 7, fig. 10 (operculum) ; Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 290, no. 4.

Alyceus toruputuensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 359, pl. 149, figs. 5, 3a,56; p. 351, pl. 146,
fig. 10 (operculum).

Original description :—‘+Ts of the same form as A. theobaldi
from Cherra Poonjee and the Garo Hills, only that while the
operculum in the latter is exceedingly closely wound, quite smooth
in front, and black (and I have examined some dozens of shells),
in the former the concentric whorls are wider apart, have a
central circular hollow space, and are white. The ribbing of the
swollen portion in the Dafla shell is exceedingly fine, and this, I
note, is a common character, holding good almost without exception,
of all the species in the Dafla Hills.” (Godwin-Austen, 1576.)

‘‘There is also a striking difference in the contraction of the
whorl near the umbilicus.” (Godwin-Austen, 1914.)

Hab. India: slopes of Toruputu Peak, Dafla Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

bo
~I
on

ALYCEUS.

409. Alyceus woodthorpei, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus woodthorpei, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 414, pl. 155, fig. 14.

Original description :—‘ Shell openly umbilicated, globosely
conoid; sculpture: oblique, sinuate costulation on upper whorls,
rather strong and distant as it approaches the end of the sutural
tube, it then becomes very fine and very close up to the constric-
tion; colour pale sienna-brown; spire moderately high, apex
small; suture well impressed ; whorls 4, the constriction near the
base of the sutural tube, thus enlarging into a narrow costulated
ridge which is close behind the peristome ; aperture oval, obtusely
angulate above; peristome simple, double, thick; columellar
margin curving vertically.

“ Major diam. 4: 3; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Fort Stedman ( Woodthorpe).

“The most distinguishing character of this shell is the extremely
fine close regular costulation next the sutural tube, which, in most
species of the genus, is strong and well defined; this character is
met with again in species of the Abor Hills, such as A. aborensis,
ete. This in conjunction with the fact that so large a proportion
of the species in other genera inhabiting the Abor country are
not found in Western Assam, is an indication of topographical
connection between the Shan area and the Tsanspu drainage-system
far back in geological time, closer, more direct, and unrestricted
than now exists. There are grounds for thinking that the high
snowy range at the head of the Irrawaddy, together with the well
defined orographical feature the Assam Range to the west, may be
a comparatively recent elevation compared to the main mass of the
Eastern Himalayas.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Subgenus CYCLORYX, Godwin-Austen.

Cycloryx, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914,
Pp: 304.

Trpp, Alyceus constrictus, Benson.

Range. India.

“Shell perforate, ovately conoid, sculpture generally consisting
of distant, fine, regular costulation on the upper whorls, stronger
and closer on the short inflated portion of the iast. Sutural tube
extremely short, or as often clubbed or pear-shaped.”

410. Alyceus bembex, Benson.

Alyceus bembex, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, ili, 1859, p. 178;
Blanford, A.M. N.H. ser. 5, xiii, 1864, p. 458; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Phot Suppl. 2, sae p. 46; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind,
1874, pl. 95, figs. 2, ; .’ Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p. 39 ; Sowerby, in Tes Conch, Icon. xx, Alyceus, 1877,
pl. 5, fier 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294,

T 2

276 CYCLOPHORID&#.

Alyceus (Alyceus) bembex, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 8, il, 1859,
. 176; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 342.

Alycaeus (Or thalycae ws) bembex, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 45.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) bembex, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 346, pl. 147, figs. 1, la.

Original description: —“* Testa umbilicata, ovato-conica, levigata,
hie illic striatula, striis ventriculi confertis, ad umbilicum striatula,
hyalina?; spira eleyato-conica, sutura profunda, apice acutius-
culo; anfractibus 5, valde convexis, ultimo compresso-rotundato,
pone stricturam modice tumido, tubulum suturalem brevissimum
gerente, pone aperturam rursus tumidulo; apertura obliqua, sub-
arlene. peristomate simplici, tenul, cade. expansiusculo,
subreflexo, superne leviter emarginato. Operc. @

“ Diam. major 4, minor 3, axis 4, long. 5 mill.”

Hab. India: Rungun Valley; Darjeeling (Stoliczk a, Mainwaring,
Blanford); Damsang, Daling District (Godwin- Austen).

‘This is one of the most elevated in the spire among the known
Himalayan Alycei. The specimens sent are all weathered, but
present no evidence of any considerable sculpture or colouring.
The very short sutural tube is a character shared by otiphorus and
constrictus; aud altogether the shell is deficient in prominent
features, although perfectly distinct from any of its allies, espe-
cially in its aperture (sinuous, and at its upper angle emarginate),
its wider umbilicus, plainer sculpture, and more compressed
whorls.” (Lenson.)

411. Alyceus burrailensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus (Cycloryx) burrailensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 403, pl. 147, figs. 6, 6 a.

Original description:—* Shell: perforation hidden, shell conoid;
sculpture : very close, fine, and regular costulation ; apex smooth;
distant fine costulation between sutural tube and aperture ; colour
whitish, but often bright pale sienna, darker on the apex; spire
high, conical, apex blunt; suture very impressed; whorls 4,
strongly rounded ; aperture circular; peristome double, shghtly
expanded on the outer margin, a slight flange covering ‘the. per-
foration ; operculum pale ochraceous, multispiral, smooth, shghtly
concave.

‘“* Major diam. 2°8; alt. axis 1-3 mm.”

Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Naga Hills, 9890 ft. Munipur side
of the Burrail Range, and Angaolua Peak (Godwin-Austen).

“Close to A. (Cyclorya) mangutensis of the Jaintia Hills, but
differs in form of the spire, which is much broader and blunter
than in that species. This species is about the same size as
A. granum, from Margarita at foot of the Eastern Naga Hills,
found there by the late Mr. W. Doherty, is of more depressed
form, it is much more openly umbilicate, and the close costulation
coarser than in granum.” (Godwin-Austen.)

ALYCAUS. 277

412, Alyceus burroiensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus burrotensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw, Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 354, pl. 141, figs. 6, 6a.

Original deseription:—“ Shell globosely conical, umbilication
narrow; sculpture next sutural tube, fine close costulation,
stronger and distant on rest of the whorls, not defined on the
apical; colour bleached; spire low; suture impressed, the tube
short; whorls 4, the last between sutural tube and aperture
crossed by two ridges, the anterior being small and indistinct ;
aperture quadrate, oblique; peristome double, narrow, roundly
angulate on outer margin, canaliculate below; columellar margin
nearly vertical.

“ Major diam. 2°6; alt. axis 1°75 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Burroi Gorge, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

A globose form with a curious augulate aperture. .

413. Alyceus constrictus, Benson.
Cyclostoma constrictum, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851,

p. 188; x, 1852, p. 272; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1854, p. 379, pl. 49, figs. 24, 25.

Alyceus constrictus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 147 ; id.,
Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 85; id., Mon. Pneum.
1852, p. 120; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855, p. 278; Theo-
bald, J. A.S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 322; Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3,
iii, 1859, p. 181, var. minor; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1874, pl. 95, figs. 1,4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p. 89; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 5,
tie. 41; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 294.

Alyceus (Alyceus) constrictus, Benson, A. M. N. Hi. ser. 3, iii,
1859, p. 176; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 348.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) constrictus, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
). 45.

ice (Cycloryx) constrictus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 347, pl. 147, figs. 4, 4a; p. 348, pl. lod,
figs. 1, la. j

Original description :——‘ Testa perforata, ovato-conica, glabra,
costis angustis distantibus munita, translucente, albida vel rufula ;
spira elongato-conica, apice obtuso, sutura valde impressa ;
anfractibus 4 rotundatis, superioribus glabris, sequentibus remote
costulatis, ultimo mox confertissime costulato-striata, pone aper-
turam strangulato, anticeque late constricto; apertura circular,
verticali, 2 longitudinis zquante, peristomate undique reflexo ;
operculo testaceo, multispirato, sutura inconspicua.

“Diam. 2, alt. 33 mill.”

Hab. Sikhim: Darjeeling (Stoliczka, Mainwaring).

«This shell has apparently an affinity with the Philippine
C. minus of Sowerby, but differs in its more tapering form, smaller
size, perforation, diverse sculpture, and in the strangulation of the
last whorl behind the aperture, in which feature it exhibits an

278 CYCLOPHORID&.

approach to the more shortened C. gibbum, Fér., from Turon in
Cochin China, and to the depressed C. strangulatum, Hutton, so
abundant in the more western portion of the Himalayas.” (Benson. )

Benson in 1859 described a var. minor, but Lieut.-Col. Godwin-
Austen has shown * that the species varies considerably in size,
and he concludes that ‘“‘ there is no reason why a variety should
be constituted,” a view in which J entirely concur.

414. Alyceus costatus, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus graphicus vav,, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S.B. xlv, part 2,
1876, p. 178 (part).
Alyceus (Cyclory ) costatus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 360, pl. 154, figs. 2, 2 a.

Original description :—* Shell narrowly perforate, elongately
conical; sculpture distant, well-raised costulation, continuous up
to the aperture, about 7 cost anterior to the ehort sutural tube ;
colour stony white, Zig yellowy pink fading to ochraceous; spire
high, sides flat, apex rather pointed ; suture “impressed ; ; W fous 4,
well rounded; aperture circular, vertical; peristome double,
reflected.

‘“¢ Major diam. 2°75; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Dikrang Valley, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

se a. Wt isa close ally of A. (Cycloryx) paucrcostatus, but
is more , elongate, spire not so pyramidal, and it is a smaller
shell. It approaches specimens ... received from the Indian
Museum, Calcutta, as constrictus, var., but I consider them true
constrictus.... his Dafla shell is of a different, more elon-

gate shape, although the umbilical region is similar and perforate.”
(Godwin- Austen.)

415. Alyceus difficilis, Godwin-Ausien.
Alyceus (Cycloryx) difficilis, xodwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 415, pl. 155, figs. 2, 2 a.

Original description:—* Shell ovately globose, perforation
hidden; sculpture: distant well-marked costulation on the upper
whorls, much finer next the sutural tube and a little closer, no
costulation in front of it; colour white, neither specimen very
fresh; spire moderately high; suture impressed, the tube very
short and small; whorls 4, well rounded, the last slightly swollen
in front of the sutural tube ; aperture circular ; peristome double,
inner circular, continuous, the outer with a strong flange- ie
expansion on columellar mar gin, expanded and reflected on outer
and upper margin.

** Major diam. 3-2 ; alt. axis 2°4 mm.”

Hab, Burma: Shan Hills (Fedden).

“There is considerable similarity in this species with that of
A. thompsoni, of Munipur, particularly in shape, but the Shan

* Land and Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 348.

~

ALYCEUS. 279

Hills form is more compactly globose, and the costulation twice
as strong, the reflection of the outer lip on the columellar side is
not quite similar, and the costulation next sutural tube is alto-
gether different.” (Godwin-Austen.)

416. Alyczus elegans, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) elegans, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 361, pl. 147, fig. 9.

Original description :—** Shell elongately turbinate, perforate ;
sculpture very fine, close regular costulation ; colour whitish with
a burnt sienna tint; spire high, apex blunt; suture impressed ;
whorls 43, sides very convex; aperture circular; peristome double,
not thickened, with a flange hiding the umbilicus.

** Major diam, 2°6; alt. axis 2mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Shengorh Peak, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

417. Alyceus generosus, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus generosus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 374, pl. 138, figs. 8, 8a, 8 6.

Original description :—* Shell tumidly turbinate, umbilicus
narrow, much hidden by last whorl; sculpture: only some 10
close costze next the short suture, the rest of the shell smooth;
colour pale ochraceous; spire conic, moderately high, sides flat ;
suture impressed, tube short; whorls 4, constriction close to sutural
tube, at once followed by a ridge which slopes diagonally to the
aperture, surface slightly irregular; aperture is nearly circular,
subangulate at upper outer margin; peristome double, simple ;
columellar margin well rounded.

‘Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1-4 mm.”

Hab. India: Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“T regret that I did not record the exact locality of this shell
in the Khasi Hills, as it is a very distinet species.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

418. Alyceus granum, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus granum, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 593.
Alyceus (Dioryx) granum, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1897, p. 4, pl. 65, fig. 6; tom. cit. 1914, p. 364.
Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) granum, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 46.
Alycaeus ( Alycaeus) granum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 345. »)
Alyceus (Cycloryx) granum, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii,
1916, p. 505.
Original description :—* Shell perforate, globose; sculpture fine
regular ribbing, closely arranged and extending to the peristome :
colour ruddy ochre; spire subconical; suture well impressed ;

280 CYCLOPHORID®.

whorls 4, rounded, a slight constriction in front of the short sutural
tube; aperture suboblique, circular ; peristome double, the outer
reflected slightly.
‘Major diam. 2°25; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Margarita, foot of Eastern Naga Hills (Doherty).

‘**This species is only half the size of its nearest ally, a variety
of A. otiphorus from the wooded slopes of the North Jaintia Hills.
This variety was figured and described by me in the J. A. 8. B. 1871
(p. 93, pl. v. fig. 6). From Mr. Aldrich I have received three
specimens of it, all fully grown, and as it is so much smaller than
the typical .A. otiphorus from Sikkim (which is as much as 4°25 mm.
in maj. diam.), I consider it necessary to give it a distinct title.
It is also more depressed and has fewer whorls, and the umbilical
area is more open than in the Darjiling form.” (Godwin-Austen.)

419. Alyceus graphiarius, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus graphicus vayr., eee JAS) B: xxx, 1862 pad srs
id., op. cit. xxxix, part 2, 1870, p. 398, pl. 18, figs. 3a, 36;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1874, p. 39, pl. 95, “fie. 7

Alyceus (Cycloryx) gr aphiari Us, Godwin-Austen, Land & Beene
Moll. India, i1, 1914, p. 416, ph. 147, figs. 7, 7a.

Original description :——“ Besides the typical form described by
Mr. Blanford from Arracan and Pegu, an interesting variety also
occurs in the Shan States for the identification of which I am
indebted to Mr. Blanford. It differs from the type by a shorter,
more subtile and subglobose shape, and by the ribs on the whorls
being slightly more distant from each other and very sharp.
There are also some of the stronger ribs traceable even on the
constriction near the aperture. The shell is pure white with the
apex and the adjoining whorl beautifully pale yellow. I have
given an illustration of this variety in order to facilitate com-
parison.” ( Theobald.)

Hab. Burma: Shan States (Zheobald).

“The distant strong costulation is very striking, with 4 very
distinct ribs behind the aperture.” (Godwin-Austen.)

420. Alyceus graphicus, Blanford.

Alyceus g graphicus, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxi, 1862, p. 137; id., op.
cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 99; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
46; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 95, figs. 8, 9;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, B 39 ; Sowerby, in
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877, Alyceus, pl. 4 , fig. 34.

Alycaeus ( Orthalycaeus) gr aphicus, Kobelt & ‘Millendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 46.

Alycaeus (Alycaeus) graphicus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 345.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) graphicus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 419, pl. 146, figs. 1, 1 a, 16; ibid. p. 361
(var.).

Original description:—-“ Testa perforata, ovato-globosa, tenuis,
pallide fulva, costulis filaribus subremotis sinuatis ornata. Spira

ALYCAUS. 281

ovato-conoidea, lateribus convexis, apice obtusula, sutura impressa.
Anfr. 4, rotundati, 2 primi lente, penultimus et ultimus celerius
accrescentes, ultimus ad latus vix tumidus, pone stricturam spatio
brevissimo confertius costulatus, tubulum suturale brevissimum
gerens. Spatium constrictum leve; costula filiformi una medio
plerumque signatum, prope aperturam tumidius. Apertura vix
obliqua, majuscula, circularis ; peristoma duplex ; interno breviter
porrecto, continuo ; externo expanso, retro relicto, ad umbilicum
reflexo, perforationem partim celante.

“ Diam. maj. 3, min. 24, alt. 3, apert. diam.13 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Arakan Hills, Pegu; Moditoung (Blanford).
India: North Cachar and Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen, Chennell) ;
var. Burroi Gorge, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

‘A Burmese representative of the little Darjiling group of
Alycei, which comprises A. constrictus, B., A. bembex, B., and
A, otiphorus, B. A, graphicus, although much more globose than
any of the others, is in some respects intermediate between
constrictus and otiphorus, resembling the tirst in size and some-
what in form, and the latter in the reflexed left edge of the outer
peristome. This character, however, is by no means so much
developed in the Burmese as in the Darjiling species. The
present has a more marked sculpture than either of its three allies
and differs from them also in the very slight approximation of
the costulation behind the constriction. Almost all the species of
the genus Alyceus are more closely and strongly marked upon the
tumid portion of the last whorl than on any other part of the
shell, the length of the closer ribbing and of the tumidity having
a general relation to that of the sutural tube.” (Blanford.)

Var. dihingensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) graphicus, vay. dihingensis, Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, pp. 363, 404, pl. 146,
figs, 6, 6a.

Original description :—* Shell : umbilicus covered by expansion
of outer lip, tumidly conical ; sculpture above somewhat distant
regular costulation, there are 4 coste next the sutural tube,
3 distant well developed behind the aperture, in another specimen
two only; colour very pale ochraceous; spire high, apex fine ;
suture impressed, the tube short and oblong; whorls 4, well
rounded ; aperture circular, subvertical ; peristome expanded and
slightly reflected, double.

** Major diam. 3°75; alt. axis 3mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Assam (Ogle); Angaoluo Peak, Naga Hills.

Var. variabilis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus (Cycloryx) graphicus, var. variabilis, Godwin-Austen, Land
& Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 403, pl. 146, fig. 4.
Orginal description :—“ This is another variety of graphicus.
The costulation on the upper whorls is strong and rather distant,

282 CYCLOPHORID®.

much closer and. much stronger next the ovate sutural tube ;
about six to seven costz between the tube and peristome, there
are from two to three well-marked cost# on the very slightly
swollen part of the whorl.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Lhota-Naga and Piknui Hills.

421. Alyceus khunhoensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus ee) graphicus, var. minor, Co in-Austen, J. A.S. B.
xii, part 2, 1874, p. 149, pl. 3, figs. 8,8
Alyceus (Cyclory -y.v) ihunhoensis, Gale ieen Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 403, pl. 147, fig. 8; pl. 144, figs. 9, 9a.

Original description :—* Shell elongately conoid, rimate, thin,
transparent: sculpture closely and similarly costulated through-
out, no closer near the sutural tube, very unusual in the genus ;
apex smooth; colour pale pinkish, ochraceous on apical whorls ;
spire high, sides flat ; suture impressed ; whorls 4, very rounded,
constriction close to sutural tube, flat and smooth thence to the
aperture; aperture nearly circular, vertical; peristome simple,
reflected ; columellar margin rounded.

** Major diam. 1:9; alt. axis 1°3 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Kbhunho Peak, Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen),.

422. Alyceus mangutensis, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus otiphorus var., Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p- 93, pl. 5, fig. 6.
Alyceus (Dioryz) granum, var. major, Godwin-Austen, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1893, p. 594.
Alyceus | Cucloryx) mangutensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 377, pl. 146, figs. 5, 5a.

Original description: Shell globosely turbinate, perforation
hidden by outer lip ; sculpture smooth on the two apical whorls,
succeeded by close, fine costulation, 5, rather close, on the short
sutural tube ; ealoar pale ochraceous, some richer, some colourless :
spire moderately high, conic; apex blunt; suture impressed ;
whorls tumid, 4; aperture circular, nearly vertical; peristome
double, not thickened; columellar margin an are of a circle;
operculum dark coloured.

“ Major diam. 3°2; alt. axis 2-2 mm.”

Hab. India: Mangut Valley, Jaintia Hills; Jawai (Godwin-
Austen).

“With wider knowledge of these small shelis, and a large series
for comparison, I consider this species worthy of a specific dis-
tinction.” (Godwin-Austen. )

423. Alyceus multicostatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) multicostatus, aa Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 404, pl. 147, fig.

Original description:—* Shell globosely ee i narrowly
umbilicate ; sculpture: very close, regular costulation, disappearing
on the two apical whorls ; ‘colour w hite, with an ochraceous tint ;
spire high, pyramidal; apex rather fine ; suture strongly impressed ;

ALYCXUS. 283

whorls 5, rounded on sides, swollen; aperture circular ; peristome
double, both thin; columellar margin nearly vertical.

“ Major diam. 3°25; alt. axis 2°25 mm.”

Hab. Burma: head of the Lanier River, Lahupa Naga Hills,
N.E. Munipur. ;

“Comparing this with A. granum, it has for its size much closer
costulation. It is more narrowly umbilicate than A. burrailensis,
which is a much smaller shell.” (Godwin-Austen.)

424, Alyczus otiphorus, Benson
Alyceus otiphorus (Benson), Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858,
. 322 (nom. nud.); Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, iii, 1859, p. 178;

Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneam. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 46; id., Novit. Conch.
ser. 1, iv, 1871, p. 18, pl. 112, figs. 28-31; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1874, pl. 95, figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 40; Sowerby, in Reeve, Conch. Icon. xx, 1877,
Alyceus, pl. 4, fig. 30; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 292. __

Alyceus ( Alyceus) otiphorvs, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, ii, 1859,
p. 176; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 347.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) otiphorus, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id.,Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 46.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) otiphorus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 349, pl. 147, figs. 2, 2a, 2 6.

Original description :-—** Testa perforata, ovato-globosa, minutis-
sime confertim striata, cinereo-cornea; spira conica, apice
obtusiusculo, rutilo, sutura valde impressa ; anfractibus 4 convexis,
ultimo ventricoso, ab apertura subremote constricto, tum pone
labrum tumidiusculo, levigato, tubulum brevissimum suturalem
gerente; apertura vix obliqua, peristomate duplici, interno
continuo, expanso, interdum breviter porrecto, externo dilatato,
reflexo, ad umbilicum processu auriculari brevi, subito reflexo,
perforationem subtegente munito. Operculum normali, concayi-
usculo, planato.

“Long. 44, diam. obliq. + mill.”

Hab. India: Pankabari, 1000 ft., Rungun Valley, 4000 ft.,
near Darjeeling (Stoliczka, Blanford, Mainwaring, Theobald).

“This shell, which seems to be not uncommon on the west
side of the Rungun Valley, as well as at a lower elevation in the
Sikkim ranges, was forwarded to me by Mr. Blanford in 1857. In
form it approaches A. amphora and constrictus, and, like the latter,
which belongs to the same type in the mode of constriction, it is
remarkable for the shortness of the sutural tube, but is at once
distinguished by the process of the peristome at the umbilicus.”
( Benson.)

495. Alyceus paucicostatus, Godwin- Austen.
Alyceus (Dioryx) graphicus var., Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv,
part 2, 1876, p. 178 (part).
Alyceus paucicostata, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1914, p. 360, pl. 147, figs. 5, 5a.
Alyceus (Cycloryx) paucicostata, id., op. cit. pp. 351, 560.
Original ,description : —‘* Shell narrowly perforate, globosely

284 CYCLOPHORID A.

conical, transparent; sculpture close, well-marked, regular costu-
lation, 3 strong coste behind aperture, one close to it inconspicuous;
colour rich pale ochraceous; spire moderately ligh; suture
impressed, 5 coste on sutural tube; whorls 4, well rounded,
constricted close to the club-like tube; aperture circular, nearly
vertical ; peristome closely double, reflected ; operculum ochre in
colour, smooth with central depression, evenly spiral.

‘* Major diam. 3°1; alt. axis 2°3 mm.”

Hab. India: Toruputu Peak, Dafia Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“The species is much smaller than a closely allied one from
same area.” (Godwin-Austen.)

426, Alyceus spratti, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus spratti, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1888, p. 245.
Alycaeus (Chamalycaeus) spratti, Kobelt & Mallendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 152; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 48; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 363.
Alyceus (Cyclory.r) spratti, Godwin- Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 417, pl. 151, figs. 10, 10 a.

Original description :— “Shell pyramidal, closely umbilicated;
sculpture very fine close costulation, more distant between the
sutural tube and the peristome; colour white, with pale lemon
tinge, or horny; spire high, rapidly decreasing to apex, which is
rather pointed; suture well impressed; whorls 53, convex, the
last swollen, slightly constricted at the sutural tube, which is very
short and thick, less than one millim. in Jength ; the whorl swells
again to the aperture, this is circular, oblique; peristome double,
slightly reflected ; operculum not seen.”

Hab. Burma: Pingoung, Shan Hills, 2500 ft. (Spratt).

“‘ This species is quite new; it might be at first mistaken for a
small variety of A. pyramidalis, Bs., from the Tenasserim Valley,
but the sutural tube is in that species very thread-lke and nearly
3 millim. in length; the aperture is also very different in form,
and not so simple and circular.” (Godwin-Austen, 1888.)

‘With the very different pyramidal form of shell as compared
with A. constrictus, etc., the presence of the short club-like sutural
tube puts this species in the section Cycloryx. On the other hand,
in the shell-character combined with type of sculpture, it is
like species in the neighbouring country to the east and south,
A, pyramidalis and A. gibbus.” (Godwin-Austen, 1914.)

497. Alyceus summus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) summus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p.549, pl. 147, figs. 3, da.

Original description :—“ Shell globosely conoid, perforation quite
hidden; sculpture fine and rather close costulation, 7 to 8 very
fine adjacent to the sutural tube, which is short and pointed, not
knob-like ; colour pale with an ochraceous tint ; spire high, conic,

ALYCEUS. 285
apex blunt, suture impressed ; whorls 44, the constriction slight,
nearly straight up to the reflected peristome and slightly rising ;
aperture circular; peristome simple, strong, double, outer well
reflected ; operculum smooth, pale horny.

“‘ Major diam. 2°9; alt. axis 2-9 mm.”

Hab. India: Rechila Peak, Western Bhutan (Robert).

“This is quite distinct from A. bembew, which I at first thought
it to be, but the umbilical region differs much.” (Godwin-Austen.)

428. Alyceus tenellus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) tenellus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 417, pl. 155, figs. 5, 4, 4 a.

Original description :— “Shell scarcely perforate, elongately
conoid; sculpture: none visible on upper whorls, very fine and
indistinct near the very short sutural tube; colour bleached ;
spire high, apex small; suture impressed; whorls 43, sides
rounded, nearly flat on side, constriction slight close up to the
sutural tube, thenee short and flat to the aperture; aperture
circular, vertical; peristome double, the inner well reflected
below, slightly flattened on the upper outer margin.

“ Major diam. 2:9; alt. axis 24mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Shan States (edden).

429. Alyceus thompsoni, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Cycloryx) thompsonit, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 404, pl. 146, fies. 3, 34.

Original description :—‘ Shell ovately globose, umbilicus con-
cealed; sculpture: fine, regular, close costulations, six on the length
of the sutural tube, about seven between it and the peristome
indistinct; colour whitish; spire rather high, apex rather blunt ;
suture moderately impressed; whorls 43, sides convex ; aperture
circular, with a flange close to the umbilicus and completely
covering it; peristome double, thickened, continuous, :

‘Major diam. 3°8; alt. axis 2-5 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Munipur (Godwin-Austen).

Subgenus RAPTOMPHALUS, Godwin-Austen.

Raptomphalus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1914, p. 866.

Typx (first species), Alyceus magnificus, Godwin-Austen.

Range. India, Burma.

** Shell globosely conoid, widely umbilicated. The margin of the
umbilicus is a well-developed keel, which commences near the
constriction. The peristome is strongly and irregularly crenulated,
showing well behind the aperture viewed from the side, between
this and the sharp constriction a well raised ridge crosses the
whorl transversely.”

286 CYCLOPHORID&.

430. Alyceus akhaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus akhaensis, Godwin- Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 352, pl. 141, figs. 1, 1 a, 1 6.

Original description :—* Shell globosely conical, openly umbili-
cated; sculpture very fine, close costulation, flattened as it were,
the separation indicated by a fine line next the sutural tube, which
is short, smooth on anterior part of the last whorl; strong distant
costulation succeeds the fine, becoming finer and more indistinct
towards the apex; colour umber-brown; spire rather high; apex
blunt; suture impressed; whorls 4, well rounded, the last crossed
by a ridge in front of the constriction, and by another, less con-
spicuous, intervening between it and the peristome; peristome
double, thickened; columellar margin slightly sinuate, much
sinuated on the outer margin, with four indistinct crenulations,
one distinct on the lower margin.

“Major diam. 3; alt. axis 1:5 mm.” (Grodwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Barowli Gorge, Durrang District, Assam, foot of
Akha Hills. :

431, Alyceus commutatus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus commutatus, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 351, pl. 148, fig. 7.

Original description :——* Shell solid, globosely conoid, openly
umbilicate; sculpture rather distant, fine costulation on the
upper whorls, becoming much stronger at the sutural tube, quite
strong at its base; colour dull white; spire moderately high, apex
small; suture impressed, the sutural tube long and_ strongly
formed; whorls 4, well rounded ; aperture circular, subangulate
above, with 3 sharp folds on the lower outer margin ; peristome
double, thickened, with columellar margin rounded subvertically ;
operculum white, shelly, multispiral.

“ Major diam. 4°8; alt. axis 2°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Bhutan.

“This shell Colonel Beddome had named 4A. burti, but it is a
far larger, more solid conical shell with the peristome differently
crenulated, the operculum being similar.” (Godwin-Austen.)

432, Alyceus duoculmen, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus duoculmen, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 365, pl. 157, figs. 2, 2a.

Original description :——** Shell globosely conoid, somewhat
depressed, openly umbilicated ; sculpture fine indistinct, costu-
lation on upper whorls showing near the suture apex smooth,
very fine and close near sutural tube; colour whitish grey above,
pale ochraceous on the swollen part of the whorl ; spire depressedly
conoid, apex small; suture impressed, sutural tube rather short ;
whorls 4, the last much swollen behind the sharp constriction,

’ ALYCZEUS. 287

in front the whorl is crossed by a well-raised ridge, a narrow
furrow, and then another ridge, narrowing to a point below;
aperture angularly and widely ovate, oblique; peristome double,
much thickened, reflected, subangulate above near suture,
rounded on the periphery of the whorl, then descending, with
indistinct crenulation up to the subvertical columellar margin,
which is thickened below ; operculum black, placed too far in to
see the spiral.

“ Major diam. 4°75; alt. axis 2°25 mm,”

Hab. India: Tsanspu Valley (Oakes).

‘Only one specimen was found, but that a most perfect one,
and very distinct from such double-ridged species as birugosus,
multirugosis, etc., also in the angulate form of the aperture.”
( Godwin- Austen.)

433. Alyceus kengtungensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus kengtungensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freghw. Moll.
India, 11, 1914, p. 409, pl. 139, figs. 6, 6a.

Original description :—* Shell somewhat depressedly turbinate
and umbilicated; sculpture: fine and rather close costulation
on the upper whorls, much stronger next the sutural tube, and
near the base of this peculiarly distant costz very strong; colour
white; spire conoid; suture impressed, sutural tube long; whorls
4, the last swollen, next sutural tube sharply constricted, then
suddenly expanding into a rounded ridge crossing the whorl
crescentically and expanding gradually forwards to the peristome ;
aperture oblique, horizontally oval, subangular above; peristome
double, simple.

“* Major diam. 5:25; alt. axis 2-4 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Kengtung, Shan Frontier ( Woodthorpe).

434, Alyczeus lahupaensis, Godwin-Austen,

Alyceus lahupaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
i, 1914, p. 394, pl. 141, figs. 3, 3 a.

Original description :— Shell globosely turbinate, umbilicus
fairly open; sculpture at the sutural tube is fairly strong, regular,
close costulation, becoming gradually finer towards the apical
whorls; colour whitish or very pale ochraceous ; spire depressedly
conoid; suture impressed, the sutural tube short; whorls 42,
well rounded, last crossed by a low ridge between the aperture
and sutural tube; aperture ovate, angulated above, rounded
below; peristome very solid, double, very slight crenulation
visible on the outer margin but not inside the aperture ; colu-
mellar margin nearly vertical, sinuate.

** Major diam. 4; alt. axis 1°8 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Gaziphimi, Lahupa-Naga Hills, Munipur (Godwin-
Austen).

“ At a first glance, this shell might be taken for G. khasiacus,
Pee the type of which is from the Garo boundary of the

288 CYCLOPHORID &.

Khasi Hills; but on placing the two side by side, there is
considerable ditterence in its size, longer sutural tube, aperture
not so circular and the peristome larger, so much more thickened.”

(Godwin-Austen.)

435. Alyceus luyorensis, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus luyorensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll, India,
11, 1914, p. 565, pl. 157, figs. 6, 6 a.

Original description :—“ Shell globosely turbinate, umbilicated ;
sculpture: very fine close regular costulation next the suture, very
fine on whorls above, hardly seen on apical; colour dull white
above, pale ochraceous on the swollen portion of the last whorl;
spire moderately high ; suture moderately impressed, sutural tube
moderately long; whorls 44, constriction short, no swelling
between sutural tube and aperture ; aperture circular ; peristome
double, very slightly reflected, openly and expandedly crenate ;
columellar margin curving vertically ; operculum slightly concave
in front, distantly spiral.

‘* Major diam. 6°8 ; alt. axis 4 mm.’

Hab. India: Luyor, Abor Hills ‘Osea

‘The form aud sculpture dang this shell from the
other crenulated species obtained in the valley of the Tsanspu.”

(Godwin- Austen.)

436. Alyceus magnificus, Godwin-Austen.

Alyceus (Raptomphalus) magnificus, Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1914, p. 366, pl. 156, figs. 1, la, 10.

Original description :—* Shell very openly umbilicated, bordered
by a distinct keel, very globosely conoid; sculpture on the upper
whorls, and as far as the end of the long sutural tube there is
distant strong costulation, thence for the length of the tube it is
extremely fine and close; colour white, shell old; spire moderately
high, apex small,somewhat depressed; suture impressed; whorls 43,
tumid, the constriction is sudden and close to the base of the
sutural tube, it there expands considerably towards the aperture,
commencing with a high ridge well raised, and this again by
another broader and more rounded, which merges into the very
broad expanded wavy peristome; aperture ovate, subangulate
both above and below; peristome strongly crenulated, with five
indentations.

‘Major diam. 4°25; alt. axis 1-7 mm.”

Hab. India: Yamne Valley, Abor Hills (Oakes).

‘‘ This is a very beautiful species. The sharp, well defined keel
around the umbilicus is a character quite new to me in this
genus, one which has led me to place it in a new subgenus. In
the very fine costulation on the swollen portion of the last whor!
it is similar to A. aborensis.” (Godwin- Austen.)

ALYCHUS.—NICIDA. 289

437. Alyceus muspratti, Godwin-Austen.

Alycaeus (Orthalycaeus) muspratti (nom. nud.), Kobelt & Méllen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 150; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 46.

Alyceus muspratti (Beddome MS.), Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freskw. Moll. India, ii, 1914, p. 396, pl. 148, fig. 1.

Original description :—* Shell depressedly conoid, openly umbili-
cated; sculpture smooth on first two whorls, then very strong,
regular, scmewhat close costulation, gradually more distant up to
the end of the sutural tube where it suddenly becomes much finer,
as far as the base of the tube, next which coste are stronger, very
fine striz cross the inflated portion behind the peristome; colour
stony white; spire low, apex blunt; suture impressed, the sutural
tube long; whorls 4, somewhat flattened, last rounded and swollen
next the sutural tube, then sharply constricted, and swelling into
« well marked ridge, ending in a slight depression behind the lip ;
aperture irregularly oval horizontally; peristome viewed on side
very thick, broad, expanded forward, sinuate, of many layers, in front
crenulated, a strong notch at the sutural margin, 4 shallower on
the outer and lower, columellar margin curving downwards ;
operculum burnt sienna, of many whorls; suture well seen.

‘“* Major diam. 4°2; alt. axis2 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: Eastern Naga Hills (Muspratt).

438. Alyceus oakesi, Godwin-Austen.
Alyceus oakesi, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1914, p. 366, pl. 157, fies. 4, 4 a.

Original description :—* Shell very globosely conoid, somewhat
depressed, openly umbilicate, with a strong tendency to a ridge
bounding it ; sculpture: costulation distant, subdued on the apical
whorls, strong and coarse near base of the sutural tube, but soon
becoming finer; colour, all old and bleached shells; spire moder-
ately high, apex small; suture impressed; whorls 4, much swollen
next sutural tube, the last sharply constricted, enlarging suddenly
into a high sharp ridge across the whorl, flattened in front and
expanding to the aperture, which is nearly circular; peristome
double, the inner lip thickened, the outer less so, the shell layers
are seen overlapping each other when viewed from the left side.

* Major diam. 3; alt. axis 15 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Chanjuk La, in Tsanspu Valley, 4300 ft., Lat.
29° 25', Long. 95° 20' (Oakes).

Subfamily DIPLOMMATIN A.
Genus NICIDA, Blanford.

Nieida, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868, p. 332 (as subgenus
of Diplommatina) ; id., J. A.S. B. xxvii, 1868, p- 82; Pfeiffer,
Mon, Pneum, Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 87; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 288; Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 277 (genus) ;

-

290 CYCLOPHORID,

Kobelt & Moéllendorft, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxx, 1898,

p- 180 (genus); id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 382.

Typn, Diplommatina nilgirica, Blanford.

Range. Southern India, Ceylon.

Shell imperforate, ovate, without radial costule, smooth or
spirally lirate, shining, last whorl not constricted, columellar tooth
absent ; operculum corneous, indistinctly multispiral.

439, Nicida anamullayana, Beddome (emend.).

Diplommatina (Nicida) anamaliayana, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1875, p. 445, pl. 52, figs. 5, 6.

Diplommatina anamallayana, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1876, p. xii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 396.

Nicida anamallayana, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. 1898, p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 385.

Original description :—* Shell scarcely rimate, oblong, the apex
suddenly contracted, thin, whitish, shining; whorls 5, convex,
the apical one small, obtuse, the second much larger, the three
lower all equal in breadth (giving the shell a very oblong form),
all smooth except the last, which has a very minute transverse
striation, and is furnished with a basal keel; aperture circular ;
peristome double, externally expanded, and reflexed: total length
jy inch [1:75 mm.}.

“Tt is easily distinguished from all the other species by its very
oblong torm.” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: banks of Peringoonda, Anamullays (Beddome).

440. Nicida catathymia, Sykes.

Diplommatina (Nieida) catathymia, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soe. iii,
1898, p. 69, pl. 16, fig. 9.

Nicida cathathymia,;Kobelt & Mollendorfi, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 180; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 383.

Original description:—“ Testa parva, dextrorsa, rimata, cylin-
drica, flavido-hyalina, spira sub-cylindrica, apice obtusulo; sutura
bene impressa; anfr. 63, valde convexi, regulariter crescentes,
primi leves, reliqui (sub lente) regulariter obsolete spiraliter hirati.
ultimus liris quinque (?) ornatus; apertura circularis, peristomate
leviter incrassatulo et reflexo, albido.

OA: 2. Gian. almmen

Hab. Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

“This pretty little shell, specimens of which I noted previously
(Proc. Malac. Soe. vol. 1, p. 237) as possibly belongmg to two
species, appears to be variable in relative proportions of height
and breadth. It is very cylindrical, with an exceedingly deeply-
cut suture, and delicate spiral sculpture. Mr. Preston found a
single sinistral specimen.” (Sykes.)

NICIDA. 291

441. Nicida ceylanica, Beddome.

Diplommatina (Nicida) ceylanica, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 444, pl. 52, fig. 9; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Diplommatina ceylanica, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p- xil; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 397.

Nicida ceylanica, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871,
p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Jousseaume,
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 312 ; Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 383.

Original description: —* Shell not rimate, subeylindrico-ovate,
thin, smooth, white, rather shining; whorls 7, convex, the
antepenultimate the largest, the four upper ones gradually decreas-
ing, the last whorl ascending slightly on the penultimate, keeled
rather conspicuously at its base; aperture vertical, oblique;
peristome continuous, single, scarcely expanded: total length =;
inch [2°5 mm.].” (Beddome.)

Hab, Ceylon: Pedrotalle, Galle (Beddome) ; Ceylon (H. Nevill).

442. Nicida delectabilis, Preston.

Diplommatina (Nicida) delectabilis, Preston, Journ. Malac. xii,
1905, p. 9, pl. 2, fig. 40

Original description:— Shell dextral, subovate, pale horn
colour ; whorls 7, very finely spirally striate, the antepenultimate
whorl much inflated, the body-whorl ascending gradually so as to
finally cover the penultimate whorl just behind the peristome ;
suture impressed; umbilicus narrow; peristome continuous, thick,
reflexed, reddish brown, very irregular and projecting above at the
point where it overlaps the penultimate whorl; aperture subcir-
cular; columella straight.

“Alt. 2 millim.; diam. maj. 1:25. Aperture alt. 0-5 millim.”
( Preston.)

Hab. Ceylon: Kinidun.

443, Nicida fairbanki, Blanford.

Diplommatina (Nicida) fairbanki, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi,

1868, p. 330, pl. 14, fig. 4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
. 89.

Diplommatina fairbanki, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p. 26, pl. 141, fig. 9.

Neeida fairbanki, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42;
Kobelt & Mollendortf, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p- 150; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das ‘Vierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 384.

Original description :-—* Testa non rimata, elongate conico-ovata,
glabra, tenuis, pallido-cornea. Spira conica, lateribus subractis,
apice obtuso, sutura impressa. Anfr. 74 convexi, primi 5 gradatim

Uz

292 CYCLOPHORID®.

crescentes, ceteri subequales, ultimus vix angustior, antice valde
ascendens, carina basalis munitus. Apertura parum obliqua, sub-
circularis, sinuata; peristoma obtusum, simplex.

“* Long 34, diam. 13, ap. diam. intus 1 mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Pulney Hills, 5000 ft. (Fairbank).

Stated to be the largest of all species of the genus known at the
time. Easily distinguished from its allies by the greater number of
whorls, the last ascending more and thus covering a larger portion
of the penultimate.

444, Nicida kingiana, blanford.

Diplommatina kingiana, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxx, 1861, p. 548,
pl. 1, tg. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, ‘pl. 141,
tic. i

Artnia kingiana, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 91.

Diplommatina (Nieida) hingiana, Blanford, Journ, Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 335; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 288.

Nicida kingiana, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Wachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. DOOR i898.
p: 180); ads (Cat: Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tsao. —
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 384.

Original description:— * Testa dextrorsa,subrimata, ovato conica,
glabra, tenuis cornea; spira conica, apice obtusa, sutura impressa.
Antr, 53 convexi1; antepenultimus major, ultimus parum angustior,
antice ascendens. Apertura subverticalis, circularis, plica colu-
mellari nulla; peristoma subduplex, incrassatum expansum ;
internum continuum.

‘Long. vix 2. Diam. 1, aper. diam. 2 mm.”

Hab. India: Kolamullies, near Trichinopoly (Aing).

“This little species is a near ally of D. nilgirica, Blanf., but
amply distinguished, both by its smaller size and by the absence
of the basal keel of the Nilgiri species. The two together form a
well marked section of the genus, characterized by a circular
mouth and smooth whorls.” (Blanford.)

445. Nicida lankaensis, Preston.

Diplommatina (Nicida) lankaensis, Preston, Journ. Malac. xii,
1905, p. 9, pl. 2, fie. 39.

Original description:—“ Shell dextral, pyramidal, somewhat
transparent, pale horn colour; whorls 8, rather coarsely spirally
striate throughout, the penultimate whorl being narrower than the
antepenultimate; suture impressed; umbilicus broad ; peristome
continuous, slightly reflexed, reddish-brown, irregular; aperture
subcircular.

“ Alt. 3 millim.; diam. maj. 2. Aperture, alt. 1 millim.; diam.
Warr Cemeston, ) ayn

Hab. Ceylon: Kinidun. . -

NICIDA. 293

446. Nicida liricincta, Blanford.

Diplommatina ( Nicida) liricincta, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 336, pl. 14, fig. 5; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 87.

Diplommatina liricincta, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 141, fig. 2; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Nicida liricincta, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42;
Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 42; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 584.

Original description :— Testa brevissime rimata, conoideo-
ovata, tenuis, pallide cornea, glabra, nitida, spiraliter lirata. Spira
conoidea, lateribus convexis, apice obtuso, sutura valde impressa.
Anfr. 523 convexi, primi 2 levigati, tertius carinis duabus
circumdatus, penultimus majusculus carina tertia subtus vix
apparente, ultimus angustior, non ascendens, liris circa 6
distantibus circumdatus, earum 3 basalibus interdum sed raro
deficientibus, basirotundatus. Apertura parum obliqua, circularis ;
peristoma simplex, parum incrassatum, expansiusculum, vix
interruptum.—Operculum parvum, tenue, corneum, structura
spirali obsoleta.

“Tong. 23, diam. 13. Ap. diam. intus } mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Khandalla, Western Ghats, 2000 ft. (Fairbank).

447. Nicida nilgirica, Blanford.

Diplommatina nilgirica, Blanford, J. A.S.B. xxix, 1860, p. 124;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, pl. 141, fig. 4.

Arinia nilgirica, Pfeitter, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 91.

Diplommatina (Nicida) nilgirica, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 332, pl. 14, fig. 1; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 288,
+ var. minor’.

Nicida nilgirica, Theobald, Cat. Sheils Brit. India, 1876, p. 43 ;
Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 384, fig. 84.

Original description :——“‘ Testa dextrorsa, imperforata, subovata,
glabra, tenuis, nitida, cornea; spira conoidea, apice obtusa; anfr.
6 convexi, superne leniter crescentes, ultimus parum angustior,
antice ascendens, carina costiformi circa umbilicum munitus ;
apertura subverticalis, circularis, perist. haud dentatum, duplex ;
externum breviter expansum, interruptum ; internum mediocriter
porrectum, continuum. Operc. corneum, subcirculare, ad suturam
angulatum, planum, haud spiratum.

“Long. 8; diam. max. 12, apert. diam. ?, anfr. ultimi long.
1 mm.”

Hab. India: Pykara, Nilgiris (Blanford).

“This species is distinguished from all others of the genus yet
described by the ridge around the umbilicus, which is an exact

294 CYCLOPHORID®.

counterpart of that in the Sikkim shell, Megalomastoma funiculatum,
B. The perfeet smoothness of Dipl. nilgiriea, and the continuity
of the internal peristome, give it a sub-generic character, yet seem
insufficient alone to authorize its separation from Diplommatina.”

(Llanford.)

448. Nicida nitidula, Blanford.

Diplommatina nitidula, Blanford, Journ. Conchyl. xvi, 1868,
p. 334, pl. 14, fig. 3.

Diplommatina (Nicida) nitiduia, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 88.

Dilan nitedula, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 141, fig. 5.

Nicida nitidula, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 45;
Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p- 180; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 385.

Original description :-— Testa subrimata, conico-ovata, glabra,
aitidula, subobsolete minutissime oblique Shen tenuis , pallido-
sornea, Spira conoidea, lateribus parum convexis, apice obtuso,
cutura leviter impressa. Anfr. 6 convexiusculi, penultimus
maximus, ultimus angustior, antice ascendens, carina mediocri
basali instructus, infra carinam juxta rimam parvulam valde
compressus. Apertura vix obliqua, circularis ; peristoma expansi-
usculum, breviter interruptum, subduplex vel duplex, margine
externo superne antice arcuato.

“Long. 24, diam. 13. Ap. diam. intus ? mill.” (Blanford.)

Hub. lielite Kulputty Hill, Wynaad, 4000 ft. (Beddome).

449. Nicida pedronis, Beddome.

Diplommatina (Nicida) pedronis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 443, pl. 52, fig. 8; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Diplommatina pedr onts, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p- xii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1876, p- 397.

Nicida pedronis, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda,
p. 11; Jousseaume, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, vii, 1894, p. 311 ;
Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 180; id., Cat. Pneum 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 385,

Original description : —‘* Shell subcylindrico-ovate, prominently
rimate, thin, smooth, of a pale dull olive colour; whorls 7, convex,
the antepenultimate the largest, the four upper ones gradually
decreasing, the seventh or last whorl suddenly ascending and
touching the antepenultimate, inconspicuously keeled at its base ;
aperture oblique, subcireular, white within ; peristome continuous,
single, black externally, slightly reflexed and expanded: total
length + inch [3-5 mm. |.’ (Beddome.)

Hab. Ceylon: Pedrotalle, Galle (Beddome).

NIGIDA. 295

450. Nicida prestoni, Sy/es.

Diplommatina (Nicida) prestoni, Sykes, Proc. Malac. Soc. ii, 1897,
p. 237, pl. 16, fig. 14.

Nicida prestoni, Kobelt & Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, 1898, p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 585.

Original description:— Testa dextrorsa, vix rimata, elongato-
ovata, glabra, hyalina, nitidula; spira conoidea, apice obtusula ;
sutura impressa ; anfr, 54-6, convexi, primi regulariter crescentes,
ultimus angustior quam antepenultimus, regione umbilicari
impressa, basi subearinata ; apertura ovato-circularis, fere ovalis,
yeristomate incrassatulo, brunneo.

COAli. o.o, lat. soo mani

Hab. Ceylon: Uda Pussellawa (Preston).

«A handsome little hyaline species, with a brown peristome.
It may be readily separated from D. pedronis, its nearest ally, by
its greater size and its difference in colour and shape. Traces of
spiral sculpture may be seen on the last whorls.” (Sykes. )

451. Nicida pulneyana, Blan ford.

Dipiommatina (Nicida) pulneyana, Blanford, Journ, Conchyl. xvi,
1868, p. 333, pl. 14, fig. 2; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p. 88; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288, + var. (? distinct sp.).

Diplommatina pulneyana, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 141, fig. 3.

Micida palneyana, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 45.

Nicida pulneyana, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, 1898, p. 130; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 385.

Original description :-—‘* Testa brevissime rimata, subperforata,
elongato-ovata, tenuis, pallide cornea, nitidula, glabra, sub lente
minutissime striis obliquis, aliisque subobsoletis — spiralibus
decussata. Spira lateribus convexis, apice perobtuso, sutura
profunda. Anfr. 6 valde convexi, ultimus et penultimus subzquales,
ille non ascendens, ad basin rotundatus. Apertura obliqua, fere
diagonalis, circularis ; peristoma vix incrassatum, simplex, rectum,
breviter adnatum.

«Long. vix 22, diam. 1. Ap.diam. 3 mill.” (Blanford.)

Hab. (India: Pulney Hills, 7000 tt. (Mairbank).

This species is stated to differ from WV. kingiana by its less ovate
form, more convex whorls, deeper suture, oblique aperture, and
the ascending last whorl. The latter characters and the absence
of basal carination separate it from NV, nilgirica.

452. Nicida subovata, Beddome.

Diplommatina (Nicida) subovata, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875,
p. 448, pl. 52, fig. 7; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Diplommatina subovata, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p. xii; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 396.

296 CYCLOPHORID&.

Nicida subovata, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda,
p. ii; Kobelt & M@éllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 180 ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 50; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 385.

Original deseription :— Shell not rimate, conico-ovate, smooth,
thin, shining, yellowish white, furnished with a subobsolete, very
minute, oblique striation; whorls 6, convex, the penultimate the
largest, the four upper ones gradually tapering, the apical one
obtuse, the lowest whorl furnished with a rather prominent basal
keel; aperture obliquely oblong; peristome single, not continuous
round the penultimate whorl : total length }, inch [2°25 mm.].

“Allied to Nierda nitiduda, Blanf., but differing in ite single
peristome and more prominent basal keel.” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: South Canara (Beddome).

Genus OPISTHOSTOMA, Blanford.

Opisthostoma, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxix, 1861, p. 121: Dohrn,
Malak. Bl. x, 1863, p. 39; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 55; Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 448; id., A. M. N. H.
ser. 3, xix, 1867, p. 8305; Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xl, part 2, 1871,
p- 157; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 284; Crosse, Journ.
Conchyl. xxvii, 1879, p. 198; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885,
p- 740; Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 273;
Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr, Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 154; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 54; Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 412

TYPE, Opisthostoma nilgiricum, Blanford.

Range. Southern India, Malacea, Borneo.

Shell pupoid, narrowly umbilicated; last whorl constricted and
turned backwards and upwards at anacute angle, when it becomes
inflated, and either attached to the penultimate whorl or solute ;

peristome double; operculum thin, corneous, composed of few
whorls.

453. Opisthostoma deccanense, Beddome.

Opisthostema deccanense, Beddome, P.Z.S. 1875, p. 444, pl. 52.
fies. 10, 11; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda,
p- i; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 392; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 284; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxvii,
1879, p. 196; Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 274.

Opisthostoma dekkanense, 'Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
». 43,

Buehner (Euopisthostoma) deccanense, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 184; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 54.

Opisthostoma (Opisthostoma) deccanense, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 412.

Original description :—“ Shell irregularly rhomboidal, pale pink,
with an oblique rather distant costulation, prominent on the lowest

OPISTHOSTOMA, 297

whorl, but less so on the others; whorls 5, excentric, the two
apical ones very small and depressed, and only visible as a single
sma!l speck from a side view, the third much larger, convex, the
fourth, or penultimate, convex, very large, and much dilated,
lowest whorl constricted as usual and in front of the constriction
deflected inwards, but not concealing the umbilicus; aperture
reversed, circular, quite vertical and parallel with the penultimate
whorl; peristome touching the centre of the penultimate whorl,
double, both lips slightly dilated, with a broad channel between
them : total length ;¢ inch [1°35 mm. ], breadth 7; inch [1°75 mm. }.

Hab. India: Nallay-Mallay Hills, Kurnool District ; Sivagherry
Hills, Tinnevelly District ( Beddome).

** A smaller shell than O. fairbanki (Blanf.), and the costulation
less prominent; the two apical whorls are much depressed, the
penultimate whorl is much larger, the deflection in front of the
constriction is less sharp, and not, or only partially concealing the
umbilicus ; the peristome is more completely double, with a wide
space between the two lips; and the aperture is quite circular.”
( Beddome.)

- A specimen in my collection, although full-grown, only measures
1 mm. in length, 1°25 in breadth, incl. peristome.

454. Opisthostoma distortum, Beddome.

Opisthostoma distortum, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 445;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. ii; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 392; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,
p- 284; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxvii, 1879, p. 196: Ancey,
dull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 274.

Opisthostoma (Euopisthostoma) distortum, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 154; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 54.

Opisthostoma (Opisthostoma) distortum, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 413.

Original description:—“ Shell irregularly rhomboidal, pale
coloured, with an oblique rather distant costulation; whorls 4,
excentric, the upper one very minute and depressed, not visible
from a side view, so that the shell appears as with only three
convex whorls, second whorl moderate, third or penultimate much
larger than the second or fourth, lowest whorl constricted as
usual, and in front of the constriction deflected upwards, but not
concealing the umbilicus; aperture subangularly circular, pointing
upwards, its apex in a line with the apex of the shell; peristome
touching the upper part of the penultimate whorl, double, the
lips not much dilated and with little space between them: total
length J: inch [0-9 mm.], greatest breadth ~. inch [1°35 mm.].”
( Beddome.)

Hab. India: Golecondah Hills, Vizagapatam, 3000 ft. (Beddome).

298 CYCLOPHORID®.

455. Opisthostoma fairbanki, Blanford.

Opisthostoma fairbanki, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 448,
pl. 38, fig. 14; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xv, 1867, p. 98;
Blanford, TUARSHB: oe 1869, p. 140, pl. 16, figs. 6, Ga:
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. IA five oH Pfeitter,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1875, p. 68 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 43; Nevill, Hand List, 1878, p. 284; Crosse,
Journ. Conehyl. XXVH, 1879, p. 195; ye Ball. Soe. Malac.
France, iv, 1887, p. 274.

Opisthostoma (Euopisthostoma) fairbankit, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 184; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 54.

Opisthostoma (Opisthostoma) fairbanki, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 413.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa irregulariter ovata, albida, con-
fertim costulata, lineis impressis spiralibus minutis, vix sub lente
conspicuis, sepe obsoletis, inter costulis signata. Spira breviter
subeylindrica, apice perobtuso, sutura profunda. Anfr. 5, rotun-
dati, duo apicales parum exserti, ex axi deviantes, tertius multo

major, quartus maximus, quintus brevissime constrictus, ad
stricturam angulo acuto versus umbilicum deflexus, in figuram
literee S curvatus, umbilicum omnino tegens, denique sinistrorsum
ascendens, antfractus penultimus undique junctus. Apertura
postica verticalis, subtrigonali-rotundata; peristoma simplex,
undique expansum. Operculum normale.

‘*¢ Diam, incl. peristom. 1°5 mm.; perist. non incl. 1 mm., alt.
1-5 mm.: aperturve diam. circa 0°5 mm.”

Hab. India: Khandalla, Western Ghats.

“The animal was very difficult to observe, on account of its
extreme shyness and minute size. Only a very small portion of
the body was extruded from the shell. The foot is very short and
apparently rounded, but could not be seen fairly, as the animal
would not crawl up a glass but appeared to endeavour to hide
itself amongst decayed leaves. The tentacles are short and blunt,
the eyes at their outside base, rather high in position, but not
nearly so much as in the Aciculacee. The whole animal is white
and translucent, the eyes appearing as black specks, perfectly
sessile. After two or three failures I succeeded in examining an
operculum by breaking back the whorls of a specimen carefully
until came to it. It is lodged at the constriction in the last
whorl, as long since suggested by Mr. Benson, and is distinctly
horny, concentric, and paucispiral, resembling the figure of the
operculum of Diplommatina folliculus given in Adams’s ‘ Gen. Ree.
Moll.’ This entirely confirms the views I long since expressed as
to the close affinity of Opisthostoma to Diplommatina, and shows
the former, moreover, to be nearer to the typical costulate
Diplommatine of the Himalaya than to the smooth or spirally
lirate species (Arinia, H. & A. Ad.) of Hindustan, as the latter
have the spiral structure apparently obsolete. . .

OPISTHOSTOMA, 299

‘The characters which serve to distinguish Opisthostoma fair-
banki trom O. nilgiricum are :—

1. The greater exsertion and smaller excentric deflection of the
a apical whorls of O. fairbanki.

. The simple expanded peristome and subtrigonally rounded
PCeeaer nilgiricum having a non-expanding duplicate peri-
stome, the outer portion retro- relict, and a circular aperture.

_ The more distant sculpture.

. The manner of curvature of the last whorl, the posterior
ou of which is much more acute in the present species. In
O. nilgiricum the posterior haif of the sigmoid curve of the last
whorl is more open than the semicircular curve nearer the
wperture, the umbilicus being fully exposed within the former.
In O. fairbanki the anterior curve is the more open, and the last
whorl just in front of the posterior halt of the curve passes across
and completely conceals the umbilicus.

“ T have with some difficulty, detected in O. fatrbanki the minute
decussating striz observed by my brother between the costulations
in O. nilgiricum. They are very difficult to see, even under a high

‘power and strong light, and appear to be frequently obsolete.
{ cannot detect them in my specimen of O. nilgiricum, which is
in good order.

“The bluntly trigonal form of the aperture in O. fairbanki does
not appear to be quite constant ; the mouth in some specimens is
nearly round.” (Llanford.)

456. Opisthostoma macrostoma, Blanford.

Opisthostoma macrostoma (Beddome MS.), Blanford, J. A.S. B.
xXxxviil, 1869, p. 139, pl. 16, fig. 7; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1875, pl U7, fio. Ol: Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p- 69; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 43; Nevill,
Hand ‘List, i, 1878, p. 284; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. XXVIl, 1879,

. 196; Ancey, Bull. Soe. "Malae. France, iv, 1887, p. 274,

Opisthostoma (Luopisthostoma) macrostoma, Kobelt & Mollendor ff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxx, 1898, p. 154; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 54.

Opisthostoma ( Opisthostoma) macrostoma, Kobelt, Das Tierveich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 413.

Original description :—* Testa perforata, conoideo-ovata, albida
vel pallide rubella, subdistanter oblique filiformi-costulata, sub
lente spiraliter minutissime et confertissime striata. Spiraelevato-
coneidea, lateribus convexis; apice acutiusculo; sutura valde
impressa. Anfr. 53, convexi, apicales normales non diviantes,
penultimus vix major, ultimus confertius costulatus, brevissime
constrictus, antice sigmoideo-deflexus. Umbilicus ab anfractu
ultimo non-occultus. Apertura retrorsa sub-rotunda, fere verti-
ealis; peristoma brevissime ad anfractos duos, penultimum et
ante-penultimum, adnatum, duplex, internum continuum ex-
pansiusculum, externum, expansum breviter interruptum.

300 CYCLOPHORID®.

“Tong. 3, diam. major 3, min.2 millim. Ap. diam. cum perist.
14 millim.”

“Hab. India: Bramagiri Hills, Wynaad (Beddome).

‘“‘Shell perforated, conoidly ovate, white or pale reddish in
colour, with sub-distant oblique filiform costulation, which becomes
closer on the last whorl: beneath a microscope there is very fine
close spiral striation, very difficult to detect in general, as in other
species of Opisthostoma and many Diplommatine. Spire elongately
conoid with convex sides, the apex rather acute, suture deep.
Whorls 54, convex, the apical ones not excentric as in the other
Indian species; the penultimate whorl very little larger than
those above it. The last whorl is constricted as usual. In front
of the constriction it is deflected inwards, but less sharply so than
in O. fairbanki, and it does not conceal the umbilicus, the curve
being more as in O. nilgiricum. Aperture reversed, nearly circular,
almost vertical, having scarcely any inclination upwards. Peristome
attached for a short distance only, touching both the penultimate
and ante-penultimate whorls, double, both portions expanded, the
outer more broadly reflexed, and interrupted for a short distance
where attached, inner peristome continuous,

“This is the ‘largest form of the genus yet met with, exceeding
even the Labuan species 0. crespigni, H. Ad. It is much more
pupa-shaped than that kind is, but much less so than the two
previously described Indian Sorin from both of which it may be

easily distinguished—by the apical whorls not being excentric, as
well as by its much greater size.” (Blanford.)

Opisthostoma nilgiricum, Blanford.

Opisthostoma nilgirica, Blanford, J. A.S. B. eo 1860, p. 121,
pl. 1, figs. 1-5; ines? Mon. Pneum. seppl2 2, 1865, p. 55.

Opisthostoma nilgiricum, Blanford, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 449,
pl. 38, fig. 13; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, plea
fig. 10; Crosse, Journ. Conchyl. xxvii, 1879, p. 195.

Opisthostoma niligirica, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
». 45.

Oissihostohnn niligiricum, Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv,
1887, p. 274.

Opisthostoma (Euopisthostoma) nilgiricum, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 184; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 54.

Opisthostoma (Opisthostoma) nilgiricum, WKobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 414.

Original description :—‘ Testa minima, truncate pupiformis,
anguste umbilicata ; spira irregulari, apice obtusa, obliqua, sutura
profunda; costulata, interspatiis minutissime decussatis, albida,
translucens. Anfractus rotundati, 5, quorum duo primi obliquiter
contorti; ultimus constrictus, deinde inflatus, refractus, aseendens,
denique sinistrorsus, anfractum penultimum contingens. Apertura
subobliqua, superne versata, orbicularis. Peristoma continuum,
incrassatum, duplicatum.

“Diam. maj. 1-3 mm. ; alt. 1-1 mm.”

DIPLOMMA'TINA., 301

Hab. India: Pykara, Nilgiris (/. &. Blanford, W. T. Blan-
ford).

“Of this remarkable little shell the first and only known
specimens were found by one of us rather more than two years
since in the dead leaves of the little thickets termed ‘ sholas * near
Pykara on the Nilgiris.” (Blanford.)

Genus DIPLOMMATINA, Benson.

Diplommatina, Benson, A.M.N.H. ser. 2, iv, 1849, p. 193; Gray,
Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 54; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak.
viii, 1851, p. 147; id., Mon. Pneum, 1852, p. 121; Adams, Gen.
Ree. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 287; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. 1, part 2, 1860,
p. 490; Semper, Journ. Conchyl. xiii, 1865, p. 293; Martens,
Preuss. Exp. Ost-Osien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 164; Blanford,
A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xix, 1867, p. 306 (animal) ; Godwin-Austen,
J. A.S. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870, p. 7; Stoliczka, op. cit. xl, part 2,
1071, p. 153; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1578, p. 284; Fischer, Man.
Conchyl. 1885, p. 740; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 166; Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887,
p- 277; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 185; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 55; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 425.

Tyvp, Bulimus folliculus, Pfeiffer.

Range. India; Farther India; Malaysia; China, Japan,
Formosa; New Guinea; Fiji, Samoa, and Pelew Is.

Shell minute, generally ovoid, dextral or sinistral, scarcely
perforate; aperture subcircular; peristome interrupted, reflected,
generally double; columellar margin generally with a narrow
entering lamella ; operculum thin, cartilaginous, composed of few
whorls, bordered by a prominent ridge.

458. Diplommatina acutulus, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina acutulus, Godwin-Austen, Ree. Ind. Mus. viii, 1918,
p- 577, text-tig. 4 c.

Original description: —‘ Shell dextral, very elongate and
slender ; sculpture fine regular rather close costulation ; colour
white, with a very pale ochraceous tint; spire turreted; suture
impressed ; whorls 9, regularly increasing from the apex to the
7th, which is the largest, sides convex ; aperture ovate, vertical ;
peristome circular, double; columellar margin subvertical ; tooth
small, blunt.

‘Major diam. 1, total length 2-4 mm.”

Hab. India: Miri Hills (officers of Miri Mission, 1911-
1912).

“This species recalls D. evilis, W. Blf., from Ava, but it is far
more attenuate and smaller. It isa beautiful shell, and fortunately
2 examples were found in the earth which had fallen out of empty
shells of Cyclophorus.” (Godwin-Austen.)

302 CYCLOPHORID#.

459. Diplommatina affinis, V/cobald.

Diplommatina afinis, Theobald, J.A.S8. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870,
p- 898; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 70; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 41; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
i, 1886, p. 181.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) affinis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 155; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) affinis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 424.

Original description :—< Testa dextrorsa, ovata, turrita, vix
rimata; anfract. 7, regulariter crescentibus, transversim leviter
striatis, ultimo antice valde ascendente D. pullule modo; apertura
ovali, margine columellari recto, dente parvo instructo, labro
duplici, extra expansiusculo.

“Long. 18 [4°5 mm.], lat. -08 unc. [2 mm.].”

“D. pullula differt magnitudine, spira minus attenuata et
apertura magis rotundata.” (Lheobald.)

Hab. Burma: Upper Salween Valley, Shan States (Theobald).

460. Diplommatina ambigua, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina ambigua, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1892,

p- 513; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 8, pl. 64,

fig. 2.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) ambigua, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 185; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) ambigua, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 424.

Original description :—‘* Shell dextral, large, solid; sculpture
fine, rather close costulation on all the whorls; colour horny
white ; spire high, sides rather flat above, apex rather acuminate ;
suture impressed ; whorls 8, flatly convex ; constriction in front,
above the aperture; aperture oval, vertical; peristome strong,
closely double, reflected; columellar tooth small for size of the
shell, situated well in front and directed downwards.

‘Major diam. 3; alt. axis 5°5 millim.”

Hab. Burma: south of Burrail Range, Munipur (Godwin-
Austen).

“This is one of the largest species from these mountains.
T also got it at Kezakenomih ; one specimen measuring 6°5 millim.
in height of spire.” (Godwin-Austen.)

461. Diplommatina angulata, Theobald & Stoliczka.

Diplommatina angulata, Theobald & Stoliczka, J.A.S.B. xh,
part 2, 1872, p. 331, pl. 11, figs, 3, 34,36; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 78; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 140, fig. 7; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 285 ; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 1, 1886, p. 184.

DIPLOMMATINA. 303

Palaiana angulata, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 45.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) angulata, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 155; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) angulata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 424.

Original description :—* D. testa ovato elongata, dextrorsa, vix
rimata, sordide albida, anfractu penultimo Matissimo, apice obtusi-
usculo, pallide rubido, submammillato ; anfractibus sex, primis
duobus levigatis, ceteris valde convexis, ad peripheriam plus
minusye distincter angulatis, transversim confertissime costellatis
aut acute striatis; ultimo basi contracto; sutura profunda,
simplice; apertura lati circulari, peristomate undique expanso,
bilabiato, interno subrecto, ad marginem columellarem dente
obliquo instructo, externo ad anfractum penultimum constrictum
modice ascendente.

« Long. 2, lat. maxima 0-8, diam. apert. 0°6 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Damotha, Moulmain (Theobald).

“The peculiar angulation of the whorls, combined with the
very close transverse costulation, or almost striation, and the pro-
portionately large aperture readily separate this species from any
other as yet known. Mr. Theobald obtained numerous specimens
on the limestone hill near Damotha, and also south of Moulmain,
together with D. carneola, Stol.” (Lheobald § Stoliczka.)

462. Diplommatina austeni, Blanford.

Diplommatina austeni, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxvii, 1868, p. 81,
pl. 5, figs. 2, 2a; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 119, figs. 1, 4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 74;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41; Godwin-Austen,
J. A.S. B. xlv, 1876, p. 178, pl. 7, figs. 8, @@ (large var.) ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 286: Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 177, pl. 45, figs. 2, 2 a.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) austent, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 155; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) austent, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 425.

Original description: —‘ Testa dextrorsa non rimata, conico-
ovato, albida vel succinea. Spira superna conica, non attenuata,
sutura impressa, apice obtusiusculo. Anfr. 6, primi 3 gradatim
crescentes, confertim minute costulati, ultimi levigati vel costulis
subobsoletis signati, antepenultimus major, ultimus aliquando
lineis subdistantibus versus aperturam signatus, antice ascendens,
subtus rotundatus. Apertura verticalis oblique subovalis ; perist.
incrassatum, mediocriter expansum, duplex, margine columellari
verticali, angulo aperto subtus desinente, basali rotundato, plica
columellari medivcri, callo parietali expanso.

“ Long. 24, diam. 14 mill.; apertura c. perist. 1 mill. longa,
intus 2 lata.”

304 CYCLOPHORID®.

Hab. India: Cherra Poonje and Maotherichan, Khasi Hills
(Godwin-Austen) ; banks of Dikrang River, Dafia Hills, large var.
(Godwin- Austen).

‘“‘T some years ago received a specimen of this species from
Mr. Theobald as D. polypleuris, Bens. On comparing the series
of Diplommatine collected by Captain Godwin-Austen with
Mr. Benson’s description, it is evident that the type of that
species belonged to a different form, found abundantly by Captain
Godwin-Austen with the present species on the Maotherichan
ridge, part of the northern scarp of the Khasi Hills, and dis-
tinguished from the present form by its much stronger sculpture,
less conical spire, deeper suture, and rounder mouth. It is a
smaller torm. Mr. Theobald’s type specimens of D. polypleuris
were from Nanclai, also on the northern portion of the Khasi
plateau. D. austeni varies considerably in the sculpture of the
lower whorls, which are in most specimens quite smooth. One
individual sent is considerably more tumid than the type, but
presents no other difference of importance.” (Blanford.)

463. Diplommatina blanfordiana, Benson.

Diplommatina blanfordiana, Benson, A.M. N. H. ser. 3, v, 1860,
p- 460; Pfeitfer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 9; Godwin-
Austen, J/AS. Bo xxxvil, 1S68, ip. 'S3, plan fies. 2 pois:
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41 ; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 169, pl. 49, fles. 10, 10a.

Diplommatina blanfordi, Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
p. 49, pl. 119, figs. 5,6; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) blanfordiana, — Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1897, p. 155; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) blanfordiana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Liet. 16, 1902, p. 426.

Original description :—* Testa dextrorsa, foveato-rimato, ovato-
acuminata, contertim arcuato-costulata, albida, spira ovato-pyra-
midata, superne attenuata, apice acutiusculo, sutura impressa ;
anfractibus 74 convexis, antepenultimo majusculo tumido, ultimo
antice ascendente; apertura subverticali, late auriculari, plica
columellari valida nutante munita, peristomate expanso, extus
varice retrolicta remotiuscula valida aucto, infra ad sinistram sub-
angulato, marginibus callo parietali crasso expanso appresso
junctis, columellari leviter sinuato. Opere. ?

“Long. 44, diam. 24 mill.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Blanford, Stoluczka, Mainwaring) ;
Western Bhutan Hills (/obert).

“Independently of its smaller size and stronger costulation,
this shell is distinguished from D. pachycheilus by its foveate
rimation behind the thin columellar lip, and by the retrolict
yariciform second peristome, which is remote in its course, on the
right side, from the thin actual peristome, but joins it below the
umbilical cavity. In D. pachycheilus the peristome is thickened
and bifurcate at the insertion of the outer lip, and there is no

DIPLOMMATINA., 305

remote varix ; while the inerassate columellar lip is reflected over
the rimation, and entirely conceals it. The last whorl ascends
more conspicuously in front than in D, pachycheilus, although it
rises considerably also in that shell—a feature which I omitted in
the description given in the ‘ Annals’ for 1857. ‘The costulation
ot D. pachycheilus is very variable ; in some specimens it disappears
in the lower whorls, in others on the upper ones only ; occasionally
it pervades the whole surface.” (Benson.)

464. Diplommatina burti, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina burtii, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xliv, part 2, 1875,
p. 8, pl. 4, fig. 4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 593 ;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1876, p. xii; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 286 (durtz).

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) burti, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 135; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) burti, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 427.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, tumidly and ovately
fusiform, colour pale umber or sienna-brown, very finely and
closely costulated under lens, almost smooth to the naked eye ;
spire rapidly attenuate, apex sharp, suture well impressed below ;
whorls 8, the three last swollen and rounded, those near apex flat,
penultimate the largest, the last rising slightly towards the
aperture, which is vertical, broad, and well rounded below ; peri-
stome double, very thick, continuous, columellar tooth strong.”
(Godwin- Austen.)

Alt. axis 5 mm.; major diam. 2°7.

Hab. India: debouchement of Burrowli River, Assam (Burt).

465. Diplommatina butleri, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina butleri, Godwin-Austin, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 512; id. Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 6, pl. 64,
fig. 9.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) butleri, Kobelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxx, 1898, p. 135; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 55.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) butleri, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 427.

Original description: —* Shell dextral, tumidly fusiform ; sculp-
ture, none on the last 3 whorls, very distant, strong costulation
on all above; colour pale sienna-brown, fresh shells glassy and
polished; spire conic, rapidly diminishing, apex small; suture
well impressed; whorls 73, penultimate and antepenultimate
about equal, sides very convex, constriction above the aperture ;
aperture nearly circular, vertical ; peristome double, strong,

x

306 CYCLOPHORID®.

continuous ; columellar margin vertical, angulate below, the tooth
large, in front.

‘Major diam. 2; alt. axis 4-4 millim.”

Hab. Burma: Laiven Peak, Munipur ( Godwin-Austen).

“Six specimens were obtained, together with those of D. tumida
var., previously alluded to. This well-marked species was also
found by me at Prowi, in the Lahupa-Naga Hills, at the head of
the Lanier River, which drains into the Kyengdwen of Burmah,
and was abundant there. JI have also two specimens from
KXezakenomih.

“Two specimens from Klang Sing, Naga Hills, are rather
more tumid.” (Godwin-Austen.)

466. Diplommatina chennelli, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina chennelli, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1892,
p: 512; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1897, p. 6, pl. 64,
tigs. 8, 8a.

Diplommatina (ELudiplommatina) chennelli, Kobelt & Millendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56,

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) chennelli, WKobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 428.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, of solid form ; sculpture :
very fine, rather distinct ribbing, with scarcely any relief; colour
pale ochraceous and sienna-brown; spire flat-sided, apex acumi-
nate; suture rather shallow ; whorls 83 to 9, sides flatly convex,
constriction in front, the last two whorls equal in size; aperture
oval, vertical ; peristome thickened, strong; the columellar margin
vertical and angulate below.

“(1st sp.) major diam. 2°9; alt. axis 5-9 millim.

(2nd sp.) major diam, 2°9; alt. axis 5 millim.”

Hab. India: Lhota-Naga Hills (Chennel?).

“This has close affinity to D. labiosa from the Khasi and Garo
Hills: but, although larger (nearly double), the columellar tooth
is much smaller, the spire more attenuate, and the general shape
differs. J name it after the late Mr. A. Chennell, an assistant in
the Indian Survey Department.” (Godwin-Austen.)

467. Diplommatina commutata, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina commutata, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1892,
p- 513; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 8, pl. 64,
fio. 4.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) commutata, Kobelt & Méllenderff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) commutata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 428.

Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, elongately fusiform ;
sculpture, 4 apical whorls finely costulated, the last whorls nearly

DIPLOMMATINA. 307

smooth; colour pale sienna; spire with convex sides; suture
moderately impressed; whorls 7}, sides convex, antepenultimate
rather the largest ; constriction in front, above the aperture, but
to the right side; aperture oval, vertical; peristome double ;
columellar tooth sharp, well developed, directed downwards and
well in front.

“ Major diam, 1°75 ; alt. axis 3 millim.”

Hab. Burma: Prowi, Lahupa-Naga Hills. (Godwin-Austen.)

“A large form of this I found at Tellizo Peak, Anghami-Naga

Hills, on the North Munipur frontier line.” (Godwin- Austen.)

8
~
i

468. Diplommatina convoluta, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina convoluta, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B, xliv, part 2,
1875, p. 9, pl. 4, figs. 8, Sa, 8b; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1876, p. 893; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii;

Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) convoluta, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1897, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

sai ee ages (Diplommatina) convoluta, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,

Lief. 16, 1902, p. 429.

Original description :— Shell dextral, elongately fusiform, solid,
pale yellowish or greenish horny, very finely costulated towards
the apex, 2 last w horls smooth, striated near the aperture, spire
with rather flattened sides, suture impressed; whorls 8, ante-
penultimate the Jargest, the penultimate constricted at i turn
behind the peristome, the last ascends very sharply, contracting
the breadth of the penultimate very considerably ; aperture sub-
vertical, lying to the right of the axis; peristome circular, solid,
double, the tooth small and situated far within the columellar
margin, lip scarcely reflected. Animal not seen.

“Alt. 0°25 [6:25], diam. 0°15 in. [3°75 mm.].”

Hab. India : slopes of the Eastern Baraat 6000 ft.

“A very near ally of D. jatingana, we from which it is
readily distinguishable by the situation oe reduced size of the
columellar process, its elongate flat-sided form, and very different

sculpture.” (Godwin-Austen.)

469, Diplommatina costulata, Denson.

Diplommatina costulatum (Carychium costulatum, Hutton MS.),
Zenson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, iv, 1849, p. 14; Gray, Nomencl.
Moll. Brit. Mus.i, 1850, p. 55 ; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851,
p. 148; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 86; id., Mon.
Pneum. 185 52, p. 122; id., ae -Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854,
Da B89*, pl. 48, figs. 54, Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856,
9. 287; Hanley & Theobald, ‘Cone +h, Ind. 1875, pl. 120, fies. 8 » Os

Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287.
Diplommatina costata, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,

p. 4.

Ney

308 CYCLOPIHORID 2.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) costulata, Kobelt & Moillendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) costulata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 429.

Original description:—“ Testa minima, subimperforata, cylin-
drico-ovata, minute costulata; costulis obliquis regularibus,
approximatis; anfractibus 5, superioribus celeriter decrescentibus ;
ultimo angustiori, antice subascendente ; sutura profunda ; apice
obtuso; apertura rotundata, continua, peristomate tenui, expanso,
duplicato, labro secundo retromisso a costulis satis distincto.

“Tong. 2 mill., diam. vix 1 mill.”

Hab. \ndia: Western Himalayas.

«Tt differs abundantly, in form as well as size, from D. folli-
culus, Pfr., in which also the double lip, distinct from the ribs, is
strongly marked, although not noted in his characters. The
present species is less than two-thirds the length of D. folliculus,
and does not present the long conical spire of that species,
decreasing more suddenly towards the apex.” (Lenson.)

470. Diplommatina crispata, Stoliczha.

Diplommatina (Palaina) crispata, Stoliczka, J. A.S. B. x1, part 2,
1871, p. 158, pl. 6, figs. 4,4a,40; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 91; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 289.

Palaina erispata, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 43.

Diplommatina crispata, Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind. 1876,
pl. 141, fig. 6; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
1, 1886, p. 183.

Diplommatina (EBudiplommatina) crispata, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) erispata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,

Lief, 16, 1902, p. 429.

Original description :—* Diplommatina [Pal.] testa conoidea,
medio latissima, sordide albida, anfractibus 7, primis duobus
(rare 14) mammillatis, levigatis convexis, sequente convexiusculo,
confertim lamellose striato, ceteris medio angulatis, crasse
lamellatis, lamellis ecrebris, meequalibus, tenuibus, undulatis et
erispatis, ad peripheriam angulosam spiniforme productis, latere
interiore excavatis; anf. penultimo haud distincte constricto ;
ultimo angustiore, basi convexiusculo ; apertura perobhqua, circu-
lari, extra dilatata, intus continua, levi, supra leviter adnata, ad
latus columeillare incrassata et infra dente pliciforme, vix distin-
euendo, instructa, margine interno acuto, undique libero; peristo-
mate externo tenui, lamelliforme undulato et late expanso.

“ Alt. teste 2°5; diam. anf. penult. (spinis incl.) 1-5; diam,
apert. int, 0-8, d, ap. cum perist. 1 mm,

DIPLOMMATINA, 309

“Animal albidum, tentaculis cinereo atratis; operculum cor-
neum.” (Stoliczka.)
Hab. Burma: Damotha, near Moulmein.

471. Diplommatina daflaensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina austeni (large var.), Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5. 6,
xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 178.

Diplommatina daflaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw, Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 174, pl. 45, figs. 4, 4a.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) daflaensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) daflaensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 430.

Original description :——“ Shell dextral, ovately fusiform,
moderately thick, pale horny. Sculpture very fine, almost
disappearing on the last two whorls. Sides of spire moderately
flat. Whorls 7, penultimate and antepenultimate the largest, the
last ascending slightly. Constriction in middle of aperture,
which is circular and vertical ; columellar margin rounded, tooth
moderate. Peristome simple, double, rather strongly formed, the
inner lip continuons.

« Alt. 0-15 [3°75 mm. ], diam. 0-70 inch [? 0-07 inch= 1-75 mm. ].

«This shell is very similar in form to D. austeni, W. BIf., from
the Khasi Hills, but it is much larger, that shell only being 0°90
|? 0-09] inch in length, and the two last whorls are not so smooth
and show slight traces of sculpture.” (Godwin-Austen, 1876.)

‘Comparing this more closely with the form from the Khasi
Hills, it differs very much in its general shape, being much
smaller below, the antepenultimate being much larger in pro-
portion to the penultimate ; the apex is more attenuate, and the
sculpture differs. It must therefore be distinguished as a
species.” (Godwin- Austen, 1886.)

Hab. India: Dikrang Valley, Dafla Hills (Godwin-Austen).

472. Diplommatina decorosa, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina decorosa, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 510; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1807, p. 5, pl. 64,
jmea. Ie

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) decorosa, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) decorosa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 480.

Original description :-—* Shell elongately fusiform, not rimate ;
sculpture, fine, close, regular costulation on all the whorls; colour
pale whitish horny; spire, sides somewhat flat, apex rather
acuminate, rapidly diminishing; suture moderately impressed ;
whorls 8, sides flatly convex, penultimate and antepenultimate

310 CYCLOPHORID #.

equal ; constriction above the aperture, towards the outer margin;
aperture ovate, rounded below ; peristome thickened ; columellar
tooth small, in front.

“ Major diam. 2°53; alt. axis 5°5 millim.”

Hab. India: Anghami-Naga Hills (Doherty).

“There was one solitary specimen in my collection of this
species from north of the Burrail, and 6 specimens, but smaller
in size (4°5 millim. in height of spire), from the peak of Shiroifurar,
in the Lahupa-Naga Hills, north of Munipur. Mr. Aldridge’s
collection contains a large number, and I have selected the type
out of these.

“On the boss of trap rock near the village of Phunggam
I found a number of a small variety, 4:5 millim. in height of spire,
but differing in no respect, except in size, from the typical species,
only that they are all of a pale sea-green tint.

“The same form occurred on Kopamedza Peak, with this
difference, that the constriction was more to the right, directly
over the outer margin of the peristome. rom Prowi, specimens
were still smaller in size, 3°83 millim.” (Godwin-Auste n.)

473. Diplommatina depressa, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina depressa, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5S. B. xxxix, part 2,
1870, p. 2, pl. 1, fig. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Coneh. Ind. 1875,
pl. 120, fies. 5, a “Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3 pl STompeaddes
Theobal d, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; nil Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) depressa, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1897, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) depressa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 450.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, not rimate, ovate, de-
pressed ; colour light amber, tinged rubescent at apex ; costulation
throughout close but sharply defined, more distant on body whorl;
spire conoidal, apex blunt; suture deeply impressed; whorls 5,
sides with considerable convexity, ante-penultimate much the
largest and tumid; last whorl rises on the penultimate, almost to
the suture, contracting the breadth of latter excessively ; aperture
vertical, broadly auriculate ; peristome solid, double, the outer lip
thick and strong, interrupted ; the inner continuous, spreading 1n
a broadly appressed parietal callus upwards on the sinistral side ;
columellar tooth large and thick ; base prominent, descending.
**Operculum and animal not observed.

“Height 13 mm.; diameter ? mm.; diameter of aperture
mm.”

Hab. India: woods at Jawai, Jaintia Hills; Lalaingkote,
4000 ft. (Godwin-Austen).

“The small size, few whorls, impressed suture, obtuse apex, ete.
distinguish this form readily. As in the preceding species
[D, jatingana], the last whorl rises rapidly on the penultimate,

+

bIPLOMMATINA. 314

and to a greater extent than in most species of the genus. In ail
these characters, it exhibits a nearer approach to Opisthostoma than
any species of Diplonmatina yet described.” (Godwin-Austen. )

474. Diplommatina diplochilus, Benson.

Diplommatina diplocheilus, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, xix, 1897,
, 202; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 10; Theobald,
eer S. B. xxvii, 185 8, p. 318; Pieiffer, Novit. Coneh. ser. Le
i, 1860, p. 142, pl. 37, aE 13- 15; Godwin-Austen, J. A.5. B.
eat 1868, p. 88, pl. ea eat a Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 140, “figs. 2, 3, p. 65 (diplocheilos) ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand
List, 1, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina ( Ludiplommatina) diplochilus, Kobelt & Mcllendort,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1897, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) diplochilus, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 481.

Original description:—* Testa dextrorsa, vix rimata, ovato-
conica, subfusiformi, medio ventricosior1, solidiuscula, carneo-
albida, vix translucente, leviter nitente ; spira conica, apice acuto,
sutura profunda; anfractibus 63-7 convexis, primis costatis,
3 postremis levioribus, antepenultimo majori tumido; apertura
verticali subauriculari, pallide carnea, nitente, plica columellari
valida nutante munita; peristomate duplici, interno continuo
expauso, exterior’ planato-expanso, infra sinistre angulo saliente
desinente, margine sinistro sinuato, callo parietali magno, expanso,
superne suturam fere attingente, subtus soluto marginem elevatum
efformante. Operculo retractili.

‘Long. 2, diam. 2 mill.”

Hab. India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Vheobald); Cherra
Poonjee (Blanford, Godwin-Austen).

«This shell, although abundant, was Jocal on limestone rocks.
.... There is a strong line of separation between the inner and
outer peristome, and the relief of the parietal callus above the
columella is a marked feature.” (Senson.)

475. Diplommatina domuncula, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina domuncula, Godwin-Austen, eee Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 518; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 15, pl. 66,
fig, 8.
Diplommating (Eudiplommatina) donumeula, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) domuncula, Kobelt, Das 'Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 431.
Original description :—* Shell dextral, fusiform; sculpture,
strong, regular, distant costulation on all the whorls, much closer

ole CYCLOPHORID A,

near the constriction, first two whorls smooth: colour pale whitish
with an ochraceous tint; spire with convex sides, apex blunt ;
suture well impressed; whorls 73, sides convex, antepenultimate
the largest, last whorl does not rise upon the penultimate ; con-
striction above the aperture; aperture circular, subvertical,
curvilinear as seen from the side; peristome double, not very
much thickened ; columellar tooth very minute, internal.

“ Major diam. 1°33 alt. axis 3 millim.”

Hab. India: Margarita, Naga Hills (Doherty).

“This is a very distinct form, quite new to me, and belonging
to a group which is not represented, so far as I know, in the
Khasi and Jaintia Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.)

476. Diplommatina edentula, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina edentula, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 185, pl. 49, figs. 7, 7a.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) edentula, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) edentula, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 431.

Original deseripttion:— Shell ovately fusiform, not rimate,
thin; sculpture minute, longitudinal strie, crossed by distant,
strong costulation ; colour whitish ochre; spire turreted, sides
convex, apex rounded; suture moderately impressed ; whorls 7,
regularly increasing, the antepenultimate slightly the largest, the
constriction above the aperture; aperture vertical, circular;
peristome double, but not strongly developed ; columellar tooth
very small.

“ Major diam. 1°3, alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Moulmein (Theobald).

“This is another of the small, toothed, dextral forms from this
locality, and it cannot for a moment be confused with D. easerta ;
it may possibly be the shell referred to D. polyplewrs and said to
have been found near Moulmain.” (G@odwin-Austen.)

477. Diplommatina elongata, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina tumida, var., Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xliy, part 2,
1875, p. 9, pl. 4, fig. 7.

Diplommatina elongata, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1892,
p- 511; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 7, pl. 64,

fig. 6,
Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) elongata, Kubelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.

1899, p. 56.
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) elongata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 452.
Original description:—“ Shell elongately fusiform, thin, pale
yellowish green ; sculpture very faint above, quite smooth on the

DIPLOMMATINA, lied

three last whorls ; spire attenuate, sides flat; suture moder ate 5
whorls 83 to 9, the antepenultimate the largest ; constriction in
front above the aperture ; last whorl ascends slightly ; aperture
oval, vertical; peristome double, thickened, slightly reflected ;
columellar tooth small and remote.

“¢ Alt. 0-22 [5°5 mm.]: diam. 0°13 inch [3°25 mm. ].”

i India: Kezakenomih, Naga Hills (Godwin-dAusten).

‘This shell is a better type of this form of Diplommatina than

Ke very tumid shell first described from Asalu; the form changes
much in different localities, in some being much more solid and
more distinctly and distantly sculptured near the apex ; a variety
from the Eastern Burrail is 0°20" in alt., rich dark amber-
coloured, has the three lower whorls smooth and glassy, the
columellar tooth still more remote, and the constriction just
behind the peristome ; it departs so widely from the original type
that it might almost be separated.” (Godwin- Austen.)

478. Diplommatina exilis, Llanford.

Diplommatina exilis, Blanford, J. A. 5. B. xxxu, 1865, p. 325;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 10; Godwin-Austen,
J.A.S. B, xxxvii, 1868, p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 8, 3a; Theobald &
Stoliezka, op. cit, xli, part 2 , 1872, p. 331; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 49, pl. 119, fig. 10; ‘Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand ’ List, , 1878, p. 284;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. vere i, 1886, p- 180,
pl. 49, fig. 1.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) exilis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina a ee) evilis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 452

Original description :—* Shell dextral, not rimate, very slenderly
subfusiform, rather solid, moderately, closely and obliquely ribbed
throughout. Spire turreted we straight sides, apex obtuse,
suture impressed. Whorls 73, rounded, “antepenultimate slightly
larger than the penultimate. Lower w horl rising a little near the
aperture, Which is subvertical, slightly inclined downw: ards,
almost circular, the columellar margin being straightened, termi-
nating in a right angle at the base, and bearing a mode rate-sized
internal tooth. Peristome double, the inner lip being prominent,
slightly expanded, and continuous upon the penultimate whorl,
but not forming a broad callus; outer lip slightly expanded,
retro- relict. nae *

« Alt. 3, diam. 11, diam. ap. § mm.”

Hab. Burma: ts Leit Doung, Ava (Blanford).

“The most slender species of the genus with which I am
acquainted, and easily distinguished from all others by its long
narrow form.” (Blanford.)

314 CYCLOPHORTD ®.

479. Diplommatina exserta, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina exilis, var. exserta (nom. nud.), Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 284.
Diplommatina exserta, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 184, pl. 49, figs. 2, 2a.
Diplommatina (Hudiplommatina) easerta, Kobelt & Médllendorff,

Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) exserta, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 432.

Original description :—*‘ Shell elongately fusiform, not rimate ;
sculpture, minute spiral strie, crossed by rather close transverse
costulation, coarser and more distant on the apical whorls, less
apparent on the last; colour very light sienna; spire high,
turreted, sides flat, apex small; whorls 8, sides rounded, the ante-
penultimate the largest, the last ascending, constriction just
behind the aperture; aperture vertical, oval; peristome closely
double at base at right angles to the axis ; columellar margin sub-
vertical, the tooth not at all prominent, blunt and rounded.

“Major diam. 1, alt. axis 3 mm.”

Hab, Burma: Damotha Cave, Moulmein (7’heobald).

“This shell is very like D. evilis, the constriction, however, is
much more defined; there is no spiral striation on the surface of
D. evilis, and there is great difference in the form and size of the
columellar tooth. Its abnormal form serves to characterize
D, exserta well, and it may be compared in this respect to D. aco-
barica.” (Godwin-Austen.)

480. Diplommatina fallax, Preston.

Diplommatina fallax, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc, xi, 1914, p. 24,
text-fig.

Original description :—** Shell a miniature of D. frumentum,
Preston, but rather lighter in colour, and with much coarser
sculpture, the parietal callus is broader and less arched, and is
furrowed at its junction with the margin of the Jabrum, the
columella is more arched and has a rather coarser plait; the
aperture also is rather sub-circular than quadrilateral, as in that
species.

“ Alt. 4°5, diam. maj. 2mm. Aperture: alt. ‘75, diam. °75.”
(Presion.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills.

481. Diplommatina folliculus, Pfeifer.

Bulimus folliculus, Pfeiffer, Symb. Hist. Helic. iii, 1846, p. 83;
id., Mon. Helic. ii, 1848, p. 81; Reeve, Conch. Icon. v, 1850,
pl. 87, fig. 644.

Diplommatina folliculus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, iv, 1849,
p- 194; Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 54; Pfeiffer,
Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 147; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 86; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 122; id., Conch.-Cab.,

DIPLOMMATIN A. 315

Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 388%, pl. 48, figs. 52, 38; Adams,
Gen. Ree. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 287, pl. 86, fig. 5; Chenu, Man.
Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 490, figs. 3625, 3624 ; Godwin-Austen,
J.A.S.B. xxxvii, 1868, p. 83, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 (shell); pl. 3,
figs. 5, 5a (animal); Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 140, figs. 8, 9; Theobald, Caf. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) folliculus, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56,

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) folliculus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 482, text-fig. 97 (p. 423).

“DT, breviter rimata, ovato-acuminata, tenuis, distincte et
oblique costata, pallide fuscescenti-albida; spira conica, acutl-
uscula; anfr. 7 convexi, ultimus angustior, antice subascendens,
1 Jongitudinis vix equans; apertura subverticalis subcircularis ;
perist. duplex, breviter expansum, marginibus approximatis, callo
junctis, dextro arcuato, columellari dilatato, patente.

“Tong. 34, diam. medio 2 mill., ap. long. 1 mill. vix superans.”
(Pfeiffer, 1852.)

Hab. India: Landour, Simla, Naini Tal (Sfoliczha).

482. Diplommatina frumentum, Preston.
Diplommatina frumentum, Preston, Proc. Malac. Soc. xi, 1914,
p. 25, text-fig.

Original description :—* Shell fusiform with acute apex, pale-
yellowish horn-colour, somewhat shining ; whorls 8, the first six
regularly increasing, the seventh broad and convex, the eighth
swollen, but smaller, sculptured with fine transverse striz ; suture
impressed ; columella descending vertically, bearing a rather fine,
oblique plait situated well within the aperture, and diffused above
into an arched, well-defined callus, which joins the upper margin
of the labrum, and which is obliquely furrowed in the middle ;
labrum whitish, broad, somewhat thickened, reflexed; aperture
subquadrilateral.

Alt. 6°5, diam. maj. 3, min. 2°75 mm. Aperture: alt. 1-5,
diam. 1 mm.” (Preston.)

Hab. India: Naga Hills.

453. Diplommatina garoensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina garoensis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 511; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 8, pl. 64,
fies. 5, 5a.
Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) garoensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) garoensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 453.
Original description :—* Shell dextral, globosely fusiform, solid ;
sculpture, distant, very fine ribbing on the 3 apical whorls, the
rest smooth and shiny ; colour pale ochraceous ; spire high, side

316 CYCLOPHORID#,

very convex; apex acuminate, and when view ed from the side
the axis is curved; suture impressed ; whorls 64, all tumid, the
Ene vere nae much swollen and by far the largest ; constriction
above the aperture ; aperture vertical, oval ; peristome very much
thickened and double ; columellar tooth moderately large.

“ Major diam. 2°53; alt. axis 3°5 millim.”

Hab, India: Garo Hills (Robert).

“This species may be known by its very large antepenultimate
whorl and the curved axis of the spire, and its strongly developed
peristome and smooth lower whorls. It formed part of a collection
of shells made by Mr. W. Robert, of the Khasi Hills Survey
Party, in the Garo Hills, during the “militar y expedition into them
in 1872-3. Ten specimens were found.” (Godwin-Austen.)

484. Diplommatina gibberosa, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina gibberosa, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1892,
P- 519; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 16, pl. 66,
tigs. 12 apy

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) gibberosa, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 136; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 56.

ba a a (Diplommatina) gibberosa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 4385.

Original description:—* Shell sinistral, ovately fusiform ;
sculpture, very distant fine costulation, 9 ribs on the antepenulti-
mate whorl when viewed from the front; colour very pale
greenish ; spire low, sides rounded, apex blunt; suture very
impressed ; whorls 42, very swollen, sides very convex, penulti-
mate much the largest ; constriction on penultimate in centre
above the aperture ; aperture oval, subvertical; peristome double,
strong ; columellar tooth small, internal.

“Major diam. 1°5; alt. axis 2:2 millim.”

Hab. India: Assam, south of the Barak River (Godwin-Austen).

“The nearest ally of this species is D. jaintiaca, G.-A.; it
differs, however, much in form, particularly in the expanded
penultimate whorl and in its very distant sculpture. A very large
number of it were collected in the above-named locality, and a
single example at Prowi in the Pe ee country.

“In the collection sent me by Mr. Al drich in a box marked
Naga Hills were about 40 specimens of this shell. The exact
locality was not recorded, but I take it they were from some part
of the Anghami-Naga Hills.” (Godwin-Austen.) ;

485. Diplommatina gibbosa, Blanford.

Diplommatina gibbosa, Blantord, J. A.S.B. xxxvii, 1868, p. 80,
pl. 2, figs. 4, 4a, 46; Pfeitfer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p. 79; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875 5, pl. 120, fins. 4.
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42 ; Nevill, Hand
List, 1, 1878, p. 286.

DIPLOMMATINA, ok7

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) gibbosa, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. eae Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 186; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 5

Diane (Diplommatina) gibbosa, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 433.

Original description :—‘ Testa sinistrorsa, vix subrimata,
gibboso-ovata, tumida, succinea, levigata, parum nitida, tenuiuscula.
Spira supra conoidea, sutura valde impressa, apice obtusiusculo.
Anfr. 5, antepenultimus major, ventricosus, ultimus subtus
rotundatus, alte ascendens. Apertura obliqua, subelliptica, plica
columellari valida obliqua munita, infra plicam excavata ; peristoma
leviter sinuatum, expansum, duplex, externum retro relictum,
internum continuum, patens, callo parietali lato, suturam fere
attingente.

* Long 3, diam. 14 mill. Ap. c. perist. 13 mill. longa, intus
vix 1 lata.”

Hab. India: Habiang, Garo Hills (Godwin-Austen).

«This very interesting species differs widely in form from the
only previously described sinistrorse Diplommatina inhabiting
India, D. huttoni, Pfr., more widely than it does from some of the
reversed forms met with in the Oceanic region. It shews a con-
siderable resemblance in form to D. martensi, H. Ad., of unknown
locality, figured in the Proc. Zool. Soc. for 1866, but which is said
by its describer to belong to the section Diancta of Martens,
characterised by a constriction at the back of the penultimate
whorl. In D. gibbosa, as in most Indian Diplommatine, there is
a slight tendency to constriction in front of the penultimate
whorl, te which an internal rib appears to correspond, but which
is covered and concealed to a great extent by the parietal callus of
the peristome.” (Blanford.)

486. Diplommatina godwini, Mollendor//.

Diplommatina concinna (non H. Adams, 1872), Godwin-Austen,
Proe. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 519; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India,
ii, 1897, p. 15, pl. 66, fig. 10.

Dinlommatina (Eudiplommatina) godwint (nom, nov.), Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 186; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 56.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) godwint, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 433.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, solid, fusiform ; sculp-
ture, very strong, rather distant costulation ; spire tapering
rapidly, apex acuminate ; suture impressed; whorls 7, sides con-
vex, penultimate and antepenultimate about equal in size;
constriction hardly apparent, just above the aperture ; aperture
cireular, vertical; columellar tooth quite minute, only an
indication of it; peristome double, strongly developed.

‘CAM. axis; iG Cae ;

Hab, India: Naga Hills, probably south of Margarita (Doherty).

318 CYCLOPHORID®.

“This is very distinct from any of the minute species I have
hitherto examined from this part of India; it is distinguished by
its thick shell and strong costulation.” (Godwin-Austen.)

487. Diplommatina henzadaensis, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina henzadaensis, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 179, pl. 46, figs. 6, 6 a.
Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) henzadaensis, Kobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat.

Pneum. 1899, p. 57.
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) henzaduensis, Kohbelt, Das 'Tierreich,

Lief. 16, 1902, p. 434.

Original description :—-* Shell dextral, ovately turreted, scarcely
rimate ; sculpture rather distant, fine ; spire, sides convex, apex
blunt ; suture well impressed; whorls 6, rounded, the antepenul-
timate the largest, the constriction being Just above the upper
outer margin of the peristome ; aperture circular; peristome
double, continuous, solid for size, columellar tooth well developed.

‘Major diam. 1; alt. axis 1-6 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Kyoung Gyoung Nulla, Henzada, Pegu.

“There is only one specimen in Mr. Blanford’s collection ; but
as it is fully grown, though so very minute, and is so unlike any-
thing before deseribed from Pegu, I have ventured on figuring and
naming it.” (Godwin-Austen.)

488, Diplommatina homei, Godwin- Austen.
Diplommatina homeit, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5. B. xlv, part 2, 1876,
p- 178, pl. 7, fig. 6.
Diplemmatina homei, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287.
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) homei, Isobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 485.

Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, ovate, tumidly fusiform,
strong, dull ochreous, very fresh shells often ruddy orange-
coloured, sculpture very fine and filiform on the upper whorls,
rather coarser on the last approaching the aperture. Spire with
sides rather flat, penultimate and antepenultimate whorls about
equal, the last whorl has the constriction in the middle of the
aperture, and ascends to it. Aperture vertical, columellar margin
angular below, the tooth well develeped and placed low down ;
outer margin rounded. Peristome thick, double, both lips
continuous and well reflected on outer margin.

“Alt. 0°24 [6 mm.], diam. 0°14 [3°5 mm.], apert. 0:08 in.
[2 mm.].”

Hab, India: Toruputuand Shengorh Peaks, Dafla Hills, Assam
(Godwin-Austen).

“This species is conspicuous from its large size and tumid flat-
sided form,” (Godwin-Austen.)

DIPLOMMATINA,. 319

489. Diplommatina huttoni, P/eiffer.

Diplommatina huttoni, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 148
(nom. nud.); id., Proe. Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 157; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 123; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 86 ;
id., Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1854, p. 389, pl. 48, figs. 36,
37; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 287; Guppy,
A. M. N. HL ser. 3, xx, 1867, p. 95; Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser. 4,
i, 1868, p. 110; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 139,
figs. 5,6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42 ; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 170, pl. 45, figs. 7, 7 a, 7 5.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) huttoni, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) huttoni, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 435.

Original description: —* D. testa sinistrorsa, subrimata, ovato-
conica, eleganter confertim et oblique costulata, diaphana, albida ;
spira conica, acuta ; anfract. 6 perconvexis ; apertura subcireulari ;
perist. duplice, expanso.

“ Long. 22, diam. 1 mill.” (Pferffer.)

Godwin- Austen (J. c.) gives the following measurements :—Major
diam. 0:83; alt. axis 1°9 mm.

Hab. India: Mussoorie, N. W. Himalayas (Godwin- Austen).

Tn 1867 the late R. J. Lechmere Guppy recorded the finding of
this species in Trinidad, suggesting its migration—together with
Ennea bicolor, Hutton—across the Tertiary Atlantis. The late
William Blanford discussed this question at great length in 1268
(loc. cit.) and suggested the possibility of these molluses having
been transported with living plants, as others are well known thus
to have been transported. Lieut.-Col. Godwin-Austen has com-
pared specimens of D. hutton?, from the typical locality Mussoorie,
with eighteen specimens from Trinidad, lent to him by the late
Sir Rawson Rawson, and he found that the two forms were
specifically distinct, and he has renamed and deseribed the
Trinidad shell as D. occidentalis *.

The question, however, as to which of the Indian species has
heen transported to America still remains unsolved. If the
Trinidad form assimilated to any of the known species, Lt.-Col.
Godwin-Austen, with his intimate and extensive knowledge of
the Indian Fauna, would have been able to detect it. The
Western Hemisphere being altogether outside the range of this
genus, there can be no doubt that the species must have been
carried across through human agency. The well-known case of
Eulta similaris may be cited in this connection, this species
having become distributed by similar means over a great part of
the world. (Cf. Fauna Brit. India, Mollusea, vol. ii, 1914, p. 201.)

* [and & Freshw, Moll, India, i, 1886, p. 173, pl. 45, figs. 8, 8a, 84,

320 CYCLOPHORID ®.

490. Diplommatina jaintiaca, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina, .sp., Gedwin-Austen, J,A.S,B. xxxvii, part 2
1868, p. 84, pl. 3, figs. 3,5 a, 3

Diplommatina jaintiaca, Godwin-Austen, op. cit, xxx, part 2,
1870, p. 4; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 805 Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 120, figs. 2, 5; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 286.

Dionmanan (Eudiplommatina) jaintiaca, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p: 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) jaintiaca, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 480.

Original description :—* Shell sinistral, elongately ovate, rather
tumid, sub-rimate, rich amber colour, sharply very regularly and
distantly costulated, rather solid; spire conical, slightly convex ;
whorls 53, sides convex, suture deep, penultimate whorl largest,
last whorl strongly constricted in front of the aperture, rising
very slightly behind the peristome, chiefly between the inner and
outer peristome ; aperture slightly oblique, sub-circular ; peristome
double, inner slightly expanded, scarcely thickened, terminating
in a sinuation at the base of the columella; outer greatly pro-
duced, expanded, continuous ; parietal callus thin moderately
extended ; columellar tooth blunt, moderately developed.

‘“ Height 25 mm., diameter 14 mm., diameter of aperture with
peristome, % mm.”

Hab. India: near Jawai, Jaintia Hills, 4500 ft.; West Khasi
Hills (Godwin-Austen).

«This species is very near D. gibbosa, from the same region,
and thus affording a second iustance of a type intermediate
between the dextral forms D. pachycheilus, D, diplocheilus, ete.,
and the sinistral forms from the Solomon Isles, ete. It is
distinguished readily from D. gibbosa by its more regularly ovate
form, its costulation, and the even, non-sinuated margin of the
inner peristome. ¥

“Since the transmission of specimens of Diplommatina, pub-
lished in the Journal for 1868, to Mr. W. Blanford, I have been
fortunate enough to discover this species again, As the above
quoted figure, on pl. i, of the “Contributions to Indian
Malacology, no. ix,” was taken from a single shell, subsequently
broken, the species remained unfortunately unnamed and un-
described.” (Godwin- Austen.)

491. Diplommatina jatingana, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina jatingana, Godwin-Austen, J. A.'S. B. xxix, part 2:
1870, p.1, pl. 1, fig. 1; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1875,
p. 72; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 139, fig. 7 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 286; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll,
India, ii, 1897, p. 11, pl. 65, figs. 8, 8 a,

DIPLOMMATINA, 321

Diplommatina (ELudiplommatina) jatingana, Kobelt & Méllendortft,
Nachr. evs Malak. Ges, xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 5

Dinionhaean (Diplommatina) jatingana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 456.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovate fusiform, solid,
pale corneous ; specimens, when young, often of a bright sienna,
diaphanous; rather finely and sharply costulated on the four
whorls near the apex, becoming fainter below, and from the ante-
penultimate to the body whorl almost smooth, or with only a faint
trace of ribbing ; spire conic, sides Bonkoned: apex rather acute,
suture slightly impressed below ; whorls 7: 3, the ante- -penultimate

5
the largest ; penultimate whorl slightly constricted at 3 turn

behind the peristome, last whorl ascending chiefly behind the
constriction ; aperture sub-vertical, broadly euriculate ; peristome
solid, double, columellar margin straight. right- -angled at base; the
usual tooth, large, coarse and blunt, sometimes descending ; lips
very slightly expanded, outer more so than the imner, this last
continuous, forming a strong callus upon the penultimate whorl.

~“ Animal pale, almost colourless, tentacles brown, labial ribbon
long and tapering.

7 “Height 4 mm.; diameter 2} mm.; diameter of aperture
mon?

Hab. India: hill at the junction of the Kayeng and Jatinga
Rivers, N. Cachar Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This is a very handsome and peculiar species, and one of the
largest I have obtained in these hills ; it was only found on the
above isolated hill, where it was abundant. I have named it after
the large river, the Jatinga, that flows below. The species is
nearly allied to Da blanfordiana and D. semisculpta: it is, however,
somewhat more tumid, and has shallower sutures than either of
these forms ; and while it has not the distant retro-relict peri-
stome and rimation of the former, if appears to be less sharply
angulated at the base of the peristome than the latter. But the
most distinctive character is the position of the slight constriction
of the penultimate whorl which, instead of being : in front of, or
above, the aperture, as in D. blanfordiana, Dz. ‘semisculpta, and
D. pachycheilus, is at a considerable distance, about } turn behind
it. Hence the suture of the last whorl rises rapidly behind the
constriction, runs for a short distance in front of it parallel with
the preceding suture, and finally again ascends to the margin of
the peristome.” (Godwin-Austen.)

492. Diplommatina labiosa, Blanford.

Diplommatina labiosa, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxvii, 1868, p. 80,
pl. 2, figs. 3, 5a; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 76:
Aas & Theobald. Conch. Ind. 1878, pl. 119, fig. ge Riveahs ild,

Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; , Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 286,
7

By epy CYCLOPITORNID®.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) labiosa, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) labiosa, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 486.

Original description :—* Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, ovato-
acuminata, pallide succinea, solidula. Spira attenuato-conica,
subturrita, apice acutiusculo, sutura impressa. Anfr. 74-8 con-
vexl, primi confertim costulati, 3 ultimi levigati, nitiduli, ante-
penultimus major, ultimus versus aperturam interdum snbdistanter
costulatus, antice ascendens. Apertura verticalis, late auricularis,
subeircularis, plica columellari valida munita; peristoma rectum,
inerassatum, subtriplex, externnm valde expansum, internum
expansum, sulcatum, subduplex , margine columellari brevi, sub-
sinuato, subtus angulo vix saliente desinente ; callo parietali,
tenui, mediocriter expause:

“ Long. 32, diam. vix2 mill. Ap. ¢. peristomate 13 mill. longa,
diam. intus cirea #.”

Hab. Mayong and Habiang, Khasi and Garo Hills (G@odwin-
Austen).

«This shell is, in some respects, intermediate between
D. pachycheilus, Bens., and D. diplocheilus, Bens. It has the
general form of the first, but resembles the last in its smooth
lower whorls. The peristome is largely developed and peculiar,
the inner portion being flatly expanded and almost divided into
two portions by a groove, so that the whole lip 1s almost triple.”
(Blanford.)

493. Diplommatina levigata, Godwin- Austen.
Diplommatina levigatus, pote Aes J.A.S.B. xlv, part. 2,
LS7Gspa ke Orpl Weta.
Diplommatina levigata, Nonit Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) levigata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 457.

Original description :— Shell dextral, tumidly fusiform, colour
pale horny, very smooth throughout, Sent close coloration on the
four apical whorls. Spire rather 1 -apidly diminishing towards the
apex; this is rather sharp i in some specimens, Suture moderately
impressed. Whorls 7, antepenultimate the largest and swollen,
the penultimate constricted in front of the aperture, the last
ascends but slightly and is puckered on the posterior margin,
corresponding with the angular projections of the outer lip.
Aperture vertical; peristome solid, double, the inner lip con-
tinuous, circular, the columellar process or tooth moderate, the
outer lip with an undulating margin, square below, with angular
projections, two below and one on the upper outer margin.

“ Alt. 0°15 in. [3°75 mm.].” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Dikrang Valley, Dafla Hills, Assam (Godwin-
Austen).

DIPLOMMATINA, B2%

The waved margin and angular expansions on the outer lip are
stated to be its most peculiar characters, and to mark at once its

distinctness.

494. Diplommatina minima, Beddome.

Dipluommatina minima, Beddome, P.Z.8. 1875, p. 442, pl. 52,
figs. 3, 4; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, Pec Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, Addenda, p. ii; Peiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 395; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p- 288 ; Godwin-A usten, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886,
p- 176, pl. 49, fig. 15.

Diplommatina (Hudiplommatina) minima, Kobelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187 ; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) minima, WKobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 438.

Original —deseription:—“ en dextral, cylindrical, straw-
coloured, not rimate ; whorls 53, convex, all except the two upper
ones minutely costulated, sutures deep; spire blunt and tapering
very slightly, the antepenultimate whorl not larger than the
penultimate, the latter very slightly constricted ; the position of
the operculum over the centre of the aperture, aperture circular ;
peristome shining, continuous round the lower portion of the
penultimate whorl, double in its lower free portion, the columellar
margin semicircular, the tooth small but plainly visible under the
lens: total length j; inch [15 mm.j, 24 times the breadth

{0-6 mm. |.” (Beddome.)
Hab. India: Gudam Hills, Golcondah Hills, Vizagapatam

(Beddome).

495. Diplommatina munipurensis, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina munipurensis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 518; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 14, pl. 66,

tig. 6.
Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) munipurensis, Kobelt & Millen-

dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 57

Diplommatina eae munipurensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 438.

Original description :— Shell dextral, elongately fusiform ;
sculpture minute, close costulation; colour very pale eree Sarit
grey; spire symmetrical, sides slightly convex; suture well
impressed ; whorls 63, sides convex ; constriction in front and
immediately above the aperture ; no columellar tooth, its position
indicated by a slight sinuosity on the columellar margin ; aperture
nearly cireular, subvertic al; peristome closely double, very slight
in form, the inner does not ’ spread much upward on the penulti-

mate w hack
chur ¢

* Major diam, 1:5; alt. axis 2°7 millim,’
-9

32+ CYCLOPHORID®.

Hab, Burma: south of the Barak River, between the Mao
villages and Munipur (Godwin-Austen).

«From the number of specimens found, this appears a very
abundant species ; I never got anything like it in the Khasi Hills
to the west.” (Godwin- -Ausien.)

496. Diplommatina nana, Blanford.

Diplommatina nana, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxiv, 1865, p. 85;
Godwin-Austen, op. cit. xxxvll, 1868, p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 4,4 a;
Theobald & Stoliezka, op. cit. xli, part 2, 1872, P32 331; Hanley
& Theobald, Conch. Ind. eee pl. 140, fie. ; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum, Suppl 3, 1875, p. 7 ; Theobald, "Cat. Shi Brit. India,
1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand Li st, 1, 1878, p. 285; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshiw. Moll. India, , 1886, p. 181, pl. 49, figs. 6, 6a.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) nana, Wobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts, Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899; pot.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) nana, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief.
16, 1902, p. 459.

Original description :—“ Shell not vimate, dextrorse, subovate,
rather solid, amber coloured, very finely and closely filiformly
costulated on the lower w Henle less closely on the upper, or,
frequently, subdistantly costulated throughout. Spire conical,
with sides scarcely convex above ; apex rather obtuse, sometimes
reddish, suture impressed. Whorls 6-63, rounded, antepenulti-
mate the largest, the last rising considerably upon the penultimate.
Aperture vertical, ear -shaped, nearly circular, columellar margin
straight for a short distance and vertical, with an internal tooth.
Daniaronns double, both portions expanded and appressed, the
inner forming a thin callus upon the penultimate whorl. Oper-
culum ?

“Length 2}, diameter 1 millem. Aperture with peristome
about 2 millem. in diameter.” (Blanford.)

Hab. Burma: Akowtoung, Thondoung, and Yenangdoung, in
Henzada District, Pegu (Blanford) ; near Moulmein (Theobald).

497. Diplommatina nicobarica, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina earreola, var. (? distinct species), Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 284 (part).

eee nicobarica, Godwin-Austen, Land & Kreshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 185, pl. 46, figs. 7, 7a; id., Proc. Zool. Soe.
1895, p. 454; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 16.

Diplommatina (Euciplommatina) nicobarica, Kobelt & Molendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, Pp: oO”

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) nicobarica, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 489.

Original Tesco ete dextral, fusiform, not rimate ;
sculpture very close regular costulation; colour pale brown;

DIPLOMMATINA, S255,

spire, sides rather flattened, apex acuminate; whorls 7, sides
convex, the antepenultimate the broadest, the constriction usually
immediately above the aperture, but in some inclining more to the
outer margin; aperture circular, suboblique ; peristome closely
double ; columellar margin straight, only a slight indication ot
the usual tooth, but the thread or twist of the columella is visible
within the aperture.

“ Alt. axis 43 mm.”

Hab. Niecobars: Katchall (/oepstor/).

“The absence of the usual columellar tooth is a conspicuous
difference ; it is the first species described from these islands.”
(Godwin- Austen.)

In 1895 the following note was added :— ;

“This species is No. 13 of Mr. G. Nevill’s ‘Amended Hand
List’ (p. 284) = roepstorffiana, Nevill MS., from Katchall (de 2.).

“This species in Mr. de Roepstorff’s collection bears the name
of D. carneola, Stol., = battemalvensis, Nevill. In Neyill’s
‘Amended Hand List’ I find the title roepstorgiana entered and
the typical locality Katchall, with 3 specimens from Camorta and
20 from Battemalve, collected by Ferd. Stoliczka. It is somewhat
similar to D. carneola from Moulmain, but it is more elongate and
the costulation much closer and finer.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Var. battemalvensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina carreola, var. (? distinct species), Nevill, Hand List,
1, 1878, p. 284 (part).

Diplommatina nicobarica, Var. battemalvensis (Nevill MS.), Godwin-
Austen, Proc. Zool. ie. 1895, p. 454; id., Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, ii, 1897, p. 16.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) nicobarica, var. battemalvensis,
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 57.

** | have discovered among some shells put up by Mr. G. Nevill
two specimens in a tube, labelled as above, from the island of
Batte Malve; they agree in all characters with the last species
[nicobariea |, but are much larger and more tumid, the antepenul-
timate whorl being much larger than in nicobarica.

“Major diam. 1°3; alt. axis 3; body-whorl 0°9 mm.” (Godwin-
Austen.)

Hab. Nicobars: Batte Malve (Stoltezka).

498. Diplommatina oligopleuris, Blanford.

Diplommatina oligopleuris, Blanford, J. A.S.B. xxxvii, 1868,
p. 82, pl. 3, figs. 4-4; Theobald & Steliczka, op. cit. xli, part 2
1871, p. 380 (D. olygopleuris) ; ; Hanley & Theobald, Conch, Ind.
1875, pl. 119, figs. 2, 3; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875,
p- 74; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 285 (+ var.) ; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, 1, 1886, pl, 50, fig. 1 (animal).

326 CYCLOPHORID®,

Diplonmatina (Eudiplommatina) oligopleuris, Kobelt & Mollendorff,

Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
LS99) ps oa.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) oligopleuris, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 440.

Original description :—“ Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, conico-
ovata, costis distantibus obliquis ornata, fulvescenti-albida. Spira
conica, apice obtuso, sutura impressa. Anfr. 6, rotundati, ante-
penultimus major, tumidiusculus, ultimus antice ascendens, subtus
rotundatus. Apertura verticalis, late auricularis, plica columellari
valida munita; perist. rectum, duplex, internum antice porrectum,
expansulum, externum late e expansum, margine columellari vertical,
callo parietali medioeri.

“Tong. 2, diam. vix 11 mill. Ap. c. perist. ? mill. longa.”

Hab, India: Teria Ghat, Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen).

«This is evidently a peculiar type. In some specimens the
sculpture on the lower whorls appears to be more or less obsolete.
Tie form is not unlike that of polypleuris and austent, but if is
easily recognised by its strong distinct costulation.” (Blanford.)

499. Diplommatina oviformis, Multon.

Diplommatina oviformis, Fulton, A. M. N. H. ser. 7, viii, 1901,
p. 245. ; ee

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) oviformis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 440.

Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, ovate, very pale yellow,
sculptured with oblique, very close-set coste ; whorls 63, convex,
the penultimate slightly wider than the last ; aperture subcircular;
peristome somewhat thickened, inner margin slightly raised ;
columella lip almost erect, slightly incurved at the middle;
columella plait prominent.

“ Alt. 2? millim.; diam. major 14 millim.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling.

Fig. 56.—Diplommatina oviformis. (xX 4.)

“In general form very like D. ungulata, Blanf., but without
the peculiar projection on upper part of the peristome, which is
almost circular in D. oviformis, whereas in D. ungulata it 1s
angular at the basal portion and turned slightly outwards towards
the left hand.” (Lulton.)

The accompanying figure has been drawn from the type
specimen in the British Museum.

YO

DIPLOMMATINA, oLl

500. Diplommatina pacbychilus, Benson.

Diplommatina pachyheilus, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1857,
p. 203; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 322; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 10; Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 3, xiii,
1859, p. 183; Pfeiffer, Novit. Conch. ser. 1, ii, 1860, p. 143,
pl. 37, figs. 16-18; Godwin-Austen, J, A.S. Be xxvii, 1866,
p- 83, pl. 1, tig.6; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 140,
figs. 5, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287.

Diplommatina ( Eudiplommatina) pachychilus, Kobelt & Millendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) pachychilus, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 440.

Original description:—* Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, ovato-
acuminata, levi, obsolete costulato-striata, pallide cornea, trans-
lucente, nitente ; spira attenuato-conica, apice obtusiusculo, sutura
impressa ; anfractibus 7 convexiusculis, antepenultimo majori
tumido ; apertura verticali, late auriculari, plica columellari valida,
transversa, munita; peristomate subduplici, sinuato, incrassato,
infra sinistre angulato, callo parietali expanso, appresso, margine
columellari sinuato. Opere. —— ?

“ Long. 4, diam. 23 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Darjeeling (A. Blanford); Rungun Valley (Benson).

501. Diplommatina parvula, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina parvula, Godwin-Austen, J. A. S. B. xxxix, part 2,
1870, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 5, 5a, 50; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 77; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1878, pl. 189,
fic. 4; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 285.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) parvula, Kobelt & M@llendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) parvula, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p, 440.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovate, tumid, depressed,
thin; colour bright corneous, pale in some specimens, translucent,
finely yet sharply costulated throughout; spire oval, apex very
flat, and blunt. Whorls 5, with sides very concave, enlarging
rapidly from the apex, antepenultimate the largest, body whorl
ascends slightly within a short distance of the peristome, suture
deeply impressed ; aperture circular with slight obliquity, colu-
mellar margin rounded, the usual tooth absent; peristome strong,
well developed, double, both outer and inner lips expanded, the
former to the greatest extent, the latter forming a thick parietal
callus.

“ Height 1}mm.; thickness 1mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Moyong, Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen),

O28 CYCLOPHORIDA.

502. Diplommatina polypleuris, Benson.

Diplommatina polypleuris, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xix, 1865/7,
p. 203; Theobald, J. A.S. B. xxvii, 1858, p. 318; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 11; Godwin-Austen, J. A. 5. B.
KXXVii, 1868, p. 83, pl. 3, fig. 1; id., op. cit. xxxix, part 2, 1870,
p- 4, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4.@ (var.); Theobald, op. cit. xli, part 2, 1872,
p. 330; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 140, tig. 10 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. india, 1876, p. 42 ; Godwin-Austen,
J.A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 178, var. minuta (nom. nud.) ;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 285 (+ var.) ; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 1, 1886, p. 176, pl. 45, figs. 1, 1a.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) polypleuris, Kobelt & Moilendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 157; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) polypleuris, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 441.

Original description :—* Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, oblongo-
ovata, confertim oblique chordato-costulata, pallide carnea, apice
obtusiusculo, hyalino, sutura profunda: anfractibus 6 convexis,
antepenultimo tumidiusculo; apertura verticali, subcirculari, dente
columellari munita; peristomate duplici, interiori expansiusculo,
externo expanso, ad basin sinistram angulato-rotundato, callo
parietali mediocri, appresso. Onpere. ?

** Long. vix 2, diam. 1 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Nanclai Poonjee, Assam (Vheobald) ; Dafla Hills
(Godwin-Austen), var.; North Khasi Hills (Godwin-Austen) ;
Darjeeling (Stoliczka). Burma: Nattoung, Sandoway (Theobald).

503. Diplommatina pullula, Benson.

Diplommatina pullula, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 5, iii, 1859, p. 182 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 9; Godwin-Austen,
J. A.S. B. xxxvii, 1868, p. 83, pl. 1, fig. 7; Hanley & Theobald,
Conch. Ind. 1875, pi. 119, fig. 7; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 287; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 1, 1886, p. 170, pl. 49,
fio. 12.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) pullula, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) pullula, Wobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 441.

Original description: —* Testa imperforata, ovato-turrita, oblique
contertim costulata, fulvescenti-albida, versus apicem rubella,
spira subturrita, sutura impressa, apice obtusiusculo ; anfractibus
6-7 convexis, antepenultimo tumidiore, ultimo antice valde
ascendente, costulis remotioribus irregularibus ; apertura sub-
verticali, vix superne spectante, oblique obovali, peristomate
duplici, interno porrecto expansiusculo, externo subreflexo, mar-
ginibus callo appresso expanso junctis, columellari verticali planato

DIPLOMMATINA, 329

intus acute unidentato basi angulato-rotundato, dextrali valde
arcuato, Opere. ?

“ Long. 3, diam. 13 mill.”

Hab. India: Rungun Valley (Blanford) ; Darjeeling (Llanford,
Stoliczka, Mainwar ing).

“ In form and size between huttoni Ane folliculus, Pfr. ; dextrorse
like the latter, though agreeing with the former in having the
tooth apparent on the columellar lip. The tooth is as strong, in
comparison with the size of the shell, as in the other more eastern
species of the North Indian ranges. The more considerable rise
of the last whorl on the penultimate is a feature also observable
in the large Dipl. macgillivrayi, Adams. The columellar base is
deficient in the sharp angle observable in the larger Khasia
diplocheilus and Darjiling pachycheilus; and its elongate snb-
turrited form at once distinguishes it from polypleuris.” (Benson.)

504. Diplommatina pupeformis, Zcobald.

Diplommatina pupeformis, Theobald, J. A.S. B, xxxix, part 2,
1870, p. 398; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 84;
Hanley & Thecbald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p: 42; Godwin-Austen, ‘Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, 1, 1886, Pp 182, pl. 46, figs. 4, 4a.

Diplommatina salwiniana, var, pupeformis, Nevill, Hand List, i,
1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) pupaeformis, Wobelt & Mollen-
dorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 57.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) pupaeformis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 442.

Original description —“ Testa sinistrorsa, oblongo oyali, non
rimata, pallidissime cornea; sutura impressa ; anfract. 7, regu-
lariter crescentibus, fransversaliter contertim striatis ; apertura
subcirculari, margine columellari brevi, recto, dente columellari
modice instructo, labro duplici, margine externo expanso.

“ Long. 0°16 [4mm.], lat. 0°08 unc. [2 mm.].” (Zheobald.)
Hab. Burma: Shan States ( Fedden).

505. Diplommatina puppensis, Blanford.

Diplommatina puppensis, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xxxii, 1865, p. 524;
id., A. M. N. H. ser. 3, xiii, 1864, Be 445, (nappensts)); Godwin-
Austen, J. A. S. B, xxxvii, 1868, p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 2, 2a; Hanley &
The obald, Conch. Ind. 1875 5, pl. 18 39, figs, 8, 9; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneun. Suppl. : 3; L&lby pe fd: Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hende List, i, 1878, p. 284; Godwin-
Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 18 86, p. 180.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) puppensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,

Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 187; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p- 57.

330 CYCLOPHORID&.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) puppensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 442.

Original description: —“ Shell dextral, not rimate, elongately
subovate, thin translucent, light amber in colour, very finely and
closely costulated, spire with convex sides, apex pointed, not
acuminate, suture mpressed. Whorls 7, the antepenultimate
being the largest, last whorl rising considerably upon the pen-
ultimate. Aperture vertical, nearly circular, the columellar
margin being straight, with an obtuse angle at the base, and
furnished with a small tooth internally. Peristome double,
orange in colour; both lips expanded, the inner forming a thin
callus upon the penultimate whorl. Opere. thin, horny, white,
circular, flat, with uo distinct spiral sculpture.

‘© Alt. 32, diam. 2, diam. ap. 1 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Puppa Hill, Ava (Blanford).

“The largest species yet discovered in Burma and the most
syminetrical, so far as I know, of all Asiatic forms. None of the
Burmese representatives of Diplommatina shew the strongly
acuminate spire, or the great swelling of the antepenultimate
whorl which distinguishes the species inhabiting the Himalaya.”
(Blanford.)

506. Diplommatina regularis, /ulion.
Diplommatina regularis, Fulton, A.M.N.H. ser. 7, viii, 1901,
p. 240. Ms rata
Diplommatina (Diplommatina) regularis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 442.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovate-conic, imperforate,
creamy white, ornamented with very distinctly raised, thin,

, N
fame met
a A
cO @
Fig. 87.—Diplommutina reqularis. (X 4.)

oblique cost; whorls 7, very convex, first five regularly
increasing in diameter, last two about equal; aperture circular ;
peristome slightly expanded, double ; columella plait rather deeply
inserted.

“ Alt. 23 millim.; diam. major 1 millim.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling.

‘I know of no Indian species nearer to this than D. pullula,
Bens., which is smaller and has closer and much less prominent
coste.” (Fulton.)

The specimen here delineated is the type in the British
Museum.

DIPLOMMATINA. 331

507. Diplommatina richthofeni, Theobald J: Stoliezka.

Diplommatina richthofeni, Theobald & Stoliczka, i Aas. ios xl
part 2, 1872, p. 331, pl. 11, figs. 4, 4a, 46; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum,
Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 78; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 141, figs. 7,8; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 285.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) richthofent, Kobelt & Millendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 137; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 5/7.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) richthofent, WKobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 445.

Original description :—“ Dipl. testa ovate elongata, turrita,
dextrorsa, albida, rimata; spira conoidea; antractibus septem,
convexis, ad medium subangulatis, sutura simpli junctis, pen-
ultimo ultimo latiore: primis duobus apicem formantibus levigatis,
“eteris transversim conferte costellatis, ultimo basi convexo,
angustato, supra ad anf. penultimum ascendente : apertura parva,
eirculari, peristomate duphci: interno tubuliforme modice producto
atque dilatato ; labio ad basin dente obliquo et magno instructo.

“ Long. 2°5, lat. maxima 0-8. diam. aperture 0:5 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Farm Caves, Moulmein (Lheobald).

A species closely allied to D. angulata, but more slender, with
less distinctly angulated whorls, non-mammillated apex, with a
slightly more distant costulation and with a comparatively smaller

5
aperture.” (Theobald & Stoliczka.)

508. Diplommatina saltuensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplonmatina saltuense, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll,
India, i, 1886, p. 178, pl. 45, figs. 6, 6a.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) saltuensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) saltuensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 444.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, not rimate, umbilicated,
ovately fusiform ; sculpture distant, strong costulation on all the
whorls ; colour ruddy ochre, strong on apex; spire conic acumi-
nate, sides flat near apex, which is rather pointed; whorls 64, the
three last much rounded, the antepenultimate the largest, the
constriction in middle above the aperture; aperture circular,
perpendicular; peristome very solid, double; columellar margin
straight, the tooth pointed.

« Major diam. 1-4, alt. axis 2-4 mm.”

Hab. India: Jatinga Valley, North Cachar Hills.

«This species, which assimilates in general form to D. poly-
pleuris &e., yet differs considerably in the attenuation of the
apex and proportion of the whorls, being more like in this respect
D. daflaensis.” (Godwin- Austen.)

382 CYCLOPHORID A.

509. Diplommatina salwiniana, Zheobald.

Diplommatina salwiniana, Theobald, J. 8. A. B. xxxix, part 2, 1870,
p- 398; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. ae 5, 1875, p. 84: Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. x31; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 42 (salewintana); Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878,
p. 285.

Denna (Ludiplommatina) salwiniana, Kobelt & Méllendorft,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188; id., Cat. Pueum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) salwiniana, WKobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 444.

Original description :— Testa sinistrorsa, ovate turrita, non
rimata, pallidissime flavescente; sutura impressa; anfractibus 73,
convexis, regulariter crescentibus, transversim distincte striatis,
striis in ult. anfractu magis distantibus ; apertura rotundate ovata,
margine columellari recto, dente parvo submediano instructo,
margine externo uniforme curvato, tenuiter calloso.

“ Long. 0°20 [5 mm. ], lat. 0°10 une. [2°5 mm.].” (Lheobald.)

Hab. Shan States (edden).

510. Diplommatina scalaria, Blanford.

Diplommatina scalaria, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xxxvii, part 2, 1868,
p- 29, pl. 2, fic. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, p. 55
(scalaris), yl 139, figs. 2, 3; Pfeiter, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. =
1875, p. 72; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) scalaria, Kobelt & Mollendortt,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 138; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) scalaria, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 444.

Original description :—* Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, ovato-
acuminata, subfusiformis, costulis validis verticalibus distantibus
ornata, pallide suecinea. Spira conica, subturrita, apice subacuto,
sutura valde impressa. Anf. 7 rotundati, duo primi Jevigati,
tertius contertin—, ceteri distanter—costulati, antepenultimo
major, tumidus, ultimus versus aperturam ascendens, basirotundatus.
Apertura subverticalis, leviter sursum spectans, ‘late auricularis,
plica columellari mediocri intus munita: perist. duplex, internum
continuum, expansum, externum expansum, fere retro-relictum,
margine dextro juxta anfractum penultimum sinuato, tune
angulatim antice porrecto, subtus una cum basali recto, columellari
verticali, subtus angulo obtuso desinenti, callo parietali expanso,
superne suturam fere attingente.

“ Long. 34, diam. 2 mill. Apertura c. peristomate vix 14 mill.
longa, diam. intus circa §.” (Blanford.)

Hab. India: Habiang, Garo Hills (Godwin-Austen).

This species is said in shape to approach the Darjeeling
D. blanfordiana, Bens., but may be easily distinguished by the
distant and prominent sculpture,

DIPLOMMATINA. ane

511. Diplommatina scalaroidea, Theobald.

Diplommatina scalaroidea, Theobald, J. A. Sib, SExix;, part 2,
1870, p. 399, pl. 18, figs. 5, 5a, 5b; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 80; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
p. 56 (scalaroides), pl. 141, tig. 10 ; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 285.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) scalaroidea, Kobelt & Millendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) sealaroidea, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 445.

Original description :—** Dipl. testa ovato turrita, sinistrorsa,
albida, solidula, non rimata, apice subobtusa ; anfractibus 7, con-
vexis, sutura profunda junctis, antepenultimo latissimo, penultimo
supra aperturam sensim constricto ; ant. primis duobus ad apicem
levigatis, ceteris costulis transversis, sub-obliquis, distantibus,
filiformibus ornatis, interspaciis politis ; apertura late ovato-
rotundata, labio lateraliter incrassato, supra producto, adnato,
medio tenuissimno; columella plica valida et infra eam incisione
profunda instructa ; labro duplici, incrassato, paulo dilatato, intus
levi, extra paulo reflexiusculo, prope medium insinuato.

“Alt. testee 0-2 [5 mm.], lat. max. 0-1 [2°5 mm.]; alt. apert.
0-07 [1:75 mm.], lat. apert. cire. 0-06 [1°5 mm. |.”

Hab. Burma: Mandalay (Theobald, Stoliczka).

“A very marked type of the sinistrorse Diplommatine, some-
what allied to the Assamese D. jaintiaca, G.-Austen, but readily
distinguished from it by its more turreted shape, and by the
deep incision below the columellar fold.” ( Theobald.)

512. Diplommatina semisculpta, Blanford.

Diplommatina semisculpta, Blanford, J. A. S, B. xxxvii, part 2,
1868, p. 78, pl. 1, fig. 6; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 120, fig. 7; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 71;
Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xlv, part 2, 1876, p. 178; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
0. 287.

Diplommatina ( Eudiplommatina) semisculpta, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) semisculpta, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 445.

Original description :—-“* Testa dextrorsa non rimata, ovato-
conica, solidiuscula, albida yel succinea. Spira conica, subattenuata,
apice acutiusculo, sutura superne mediocriter impressa, subtus
profunda. Anfr. 7 convexi, primi costulati, postremi levigata,
antepenultimus major, ventricosus, penultimus juxta aperturam
leviter constrictus, ultimus antice ascendens, subtus rotundatus.
Apertura yerticalis late auricularis, peristoma incrassato-expansum,

334 CYCLOPHORID®.

subduplex vel duplex, margine dextro subrecto, columellari sinuato,
angulo saliente subtus desinente basali juxta angulum fere concavo,
dente columellari valida, callo parietali mediocriter expanso, tenui,
appresso.

“Tong. 4, diam. 2 mill.; ap. cum peristomate 13 mill. longa,
intus 1 lata.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Blanford, Stoliczka, Mainwaring); Dafla
Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This shell is easily distinguished from its congener D. pachy-
cheilus, Bens., by the greater tenuity of the antepenultimate whorl,
the absence of sculpture on the lower whorls and the more
prominent angle at the left lower corner of the peristome. This
last character in D. semisculpta is rather stronger than appears in
the figure. The present species is much more closely allied to
D, diplocheilus, Bens., which it resembles greatly in sculpture and
form. he principal distinction is in the peristome which is much
less developed in D. semisculpta, the parietal callus being quite
thin and appressed instead of standing out from the last whorl as
in that species. The mouth also is larger in proportion, the angle
at the base of the columellar margin more salient, and the spire
more acuminate.” (Blanford.)

513. Diplommatina sherfaiensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina sherfaiensis, Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8S. B, xxxix,
part 2, 1870, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind.
1875, pl. 119, fig. 8; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 38, 1875,
De COs Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill,
Hand List, i, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (ELudiplommatina) sherfaiensis, Kobelt & Mobllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) sherfaiensis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief, 16, 1902, p. 446.

Original description :—“ Shell dextral, ovate, fusiiorm, sub-
rimate, thin rubescent straw colour, diaphanous; sculpture very
fine, close, filiform, shewing well on all the whorls; spire with
sides slightly convex, apex subacuminate, conic; whorls 6, convex,
penultimate and ante-penultimate of very nearly the same size, the
former being slightly the largest and more tumid; Jast whorl
constricted in front of peristome above the aperture, ascending ;
aperture sub-vertical, columellar margin much rounded, the tooth
very small, and in some old specimens is hardly to be detected ;
peristome thin, double and close, the outer very slightly expanded,
the inner distinctly so, continuous, forming a thin broad parietal
callus. Animal not observed.

“Height 3 mm.; diameter 1? mm.; diameter of aperture
3 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Cachar Hills, Sherfaisip and Marangksi Peaks
(5500 ft.) (Godwin- Austen).

DIPLOMMATINA. ooo

Stated to resemble D. puppensis, Blanford, in form and size,
but readily distinguished by its fine close costulation, by the
roundness of the aperture and the thinness of the peristome.

514. Diplommatina silvicola, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina silvicola, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 178, pl. 45, figs. 3, 3a, (var.) tigs. 5, 5a.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) silvicola, obelt & Millendorff,
Nachy. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 138; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) stlvicola, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 446.

Original description :—* Shell somewhat depressedly ovate, not
rimate; sculpture, regularly well-marked distant costulation :
colour pale sienna-brown ; spire conic, sides convex, apex rather
blunt; whorls 6, rounded, the last rather small, penultimate the
most swollen, constriction in middle and above the aperture ;
aperture vertical, circular: peristome double and solid, columellar
margin subvertical, tooth strong.

*¢ Major diam. 1°3, alt. axis 2-2 mm.”

Hab, India: Jenta Hajuma Peak (5127 ft.), North Cachar
(Godwin-Austen).

‘“T obtained only six specimens of this shell, in the dense lofty
forest of the highest part of the North Cachar Hills. It approaches
D. austeni in its general form, but is more depressed, and its
sculpture is very defined.” (Godwin-Austen.)

A dwarf form, measuring only 1:7 mm. in height, was also
found in the Jatinga Valley, North Cachar Hills.

515. Diplommatina sperata, Blanford.

Diplommatina sperata, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxi, 1862, p-. 143;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 10; Godwin- Austen,
J.A.S.B. xxxvi, 1868, p. 84, pl. 4, figs. 1, la; Theobald,
op. cit. xli, part 2, 1872, p. 330; Hanley & Theobald, Conan
Ind. 1876, p. xii: Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p: 42;
Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 284; Godwin-Austen, Land &
Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p- 179, pl. 46, figs. 5, 5a.

Diplommatina (Ludiplommatina) sperata, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 138 ; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) sperata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 446,

Original description :—“ Testa dextrorsa, non rimata, ovato-
conica, subfusiformis, solidiuscula, pallide cornea, subremote
verticaliter costulata. Spira conica, apice acuta, sutura impressa.
Anfr. 63 convexi; antepenultimus major, tumidus ; ultimus antice
vix ascendens. Apertura verticalis, subtus antice sinuata, late
auricularis, plica columellari valida munita ; perist. subduplex,

336 CYCLOPHORID ©.

expansum, margine columellari sinuato et ad basin angulo acuto
desinente, callo parietali mediocri.

“‘ Long. 23, diam. 13, ap. diam. 2 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Moditoung, Arakan Hills, Pegu (Blanford) ;
Mai-i, Sandoway District (Z'heobald).

“But two perfect specimens of this shell occurred to me at
Moditoung on the Prome and Tongoop road.... It resembles
D. pachycheilus, B.,in the shape of the mouth, but is distinguished
by the slighter rise of the last whorl, and by its subremote
costulate sculpture, which, together with its less rounded aperture,
serves also to distinguish it from D. diplocheilus, B., D. pullula,
B., and D. blanfordiana, B. the two latter of which are costulated,
and the first named smooth.” (Blanford.)

516. Diplommatina succinea, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina succinea, Godwin-Austen, Proc, Zool. Soe. 1892,
p. 519; id., Land & Freshw. Moil. India, ii, 1897, p. 15, pl. 66,
fio. 9.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) succinea, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 447.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, tumidly fusiform, thin
and delicate in texture; sculpture, regular, rather close costu-
lation; colour very pale amber, with stronger coloration on the
apex; spire somewhat depressed, suture impressed ; whorls 6,
tumid, with convex sides; constriction above the aperture ;
aperture oval, vertical; columellar tooth only indicated by a slight
swelling ; peristome double, strong.

“ Major diam. 1:3; alt. axis 2 millim.”

Hab. India: Anghami-Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“ This minute species may be compared with D. parvula from
the N. Khasi Hills, from which it differs in being larger, and in
having a greater number of whorls and a much more tumid
shape.” (Godwin-Austen.)

517. Diplommatina theobaldi, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina theobaldi, Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 174, pl. 49, figs. 11, lla.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) theobaldi, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 5S.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) theobaldi, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 447.

Original description :—‘ Shell sinistral, globosely scarcely
rimate, constriction central, above the aperture ovate, somewhat
gibbous; sculpture smooth, with rather close costulation, high and
sharp near aperture; colour pale umber; spire bluntly conoid,
apex obtuse; suture moderately impressed ; whorls 5, sides flat in
front, rounded at back; aperture subvertical, oval; peristome

DIPLOMMATINA, oot

double, not continuous; columellar margin curved, no tooth
visible viewed from the front, but seen slightly well within the
aperture.

‘Major diam. 174, alt. axis 2°3 mm.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Theobald). -

“This interesting sinistral species, the first I have seen from
the Darjeeling Hills, is another similar to D. jaintiacea of the
mountains south of the Brahmaputra, but differs in many respects,
particularly in its tumid small size and the absence of the
columellar tooth.” (Godwin-Austen.)

518. Diplommatina tumida, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina tumida, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. Xxxix, part 2,
1870, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876,
pl. 139, fig. 1; Pfeitler, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 71;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 286.

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) tumida, Kobelt & Millendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188: id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) tumida, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 447.

Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, ovately and tumidly
fusiform, color pale corneous, or pale green ; costulation fine
and close throughout; spire attenuate, rather pointed. Whorls
8, lower tumid, sides rounded below, flat above, penultimate the
largest ; suture impressed,—a well marked constriction of penulti-
mate whorl situated close behind the peristome, last whorl rises
slightly on the penultimate ; aperture vertical, circular, columellar
margin rather straight, tooth large ; peristome double, moderately
thickened and continuous, forming a callus on the penultimate.

“ Height 0:23 [5°75 mm.]; diam. 0°13 [3°25 mm.]; diam. of
ap. with peristome 0°07 (1:75 mm.].” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Burrail Range, near Nenglo, N. Cachar Hills
( Godwin-Austen).

Stated to be closely allied to D. pachychilus, Benson, and to
partake also somewhat of the character of D. blanfordiana, but
it is more tumid, while the position of the constriction separates

it well from both those species.

Var. abdita, nom. nov.
Diplommatina tumida, var., Godwin-Austen, J. A. 8. B, xliv, part 2,
1875, p. 9, pl. 4, figs. 7, 7 4.

Original description :—* Shell elongately fusiform, thin, pale
yellowish green, sculpture very faint above, quite smooth on the
3 last whorls, spire attenuate, sides flat, suture moderate ; whorls
S! to 9, the antepenultimate the largest, constriction in front,

. Z

338 CYCLOPHORID.®.

above the aperture, last whorl ascends slightly ; aperture oval,
vertical, peristome double, thickened, slightly reflected, columellar
tooth small and remote.

“ Alt, 0-22 [5:5 mm.], diam. 0°18 in. [3°25 mm. ].

Hab. India: Kezakenomih, Naga Hills (Godwin- Austen).

“This shell is a better type of this form of Diplommatina than
the very tumid shell first described from Asalu ; the form changes
much in different localities, in some being much more solid and
more distinctly and distantly sculptured near the apex ; a variety
from the Eastern Burrail is 0°20” in alt., rich dark amber coloured,
has the 3 lower whorls smooth and glassy, the columellar tooth
still more remote, and the constriction just behind the peristome ;
it departs so widely from the original type that it might almost be
separated.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Var. laisenensis, nom. nov.

Diplommatina tumida, var., Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 512; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 7, pl. 64,
fio. 7.

Original description :—“ Shell dextral, elongately fusiform, not
rimate; sculpture, fine costulation on the 5 apieal whorls, the
last smooth ; colour pale greenish ; spire with convex sides, apex —
acuminate; suture well impressed; whorls 74, penultimate and
antepenultimate equal; constriction above the aperture, but
towards the right-hand side; aperture oval, vertical ; peristome
thickened, double; columellar margin straight and angulate
below, the tooth in front, moderately large.

** Major diam, 2°43 alt. axis 5 millim.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Burma: Laisen Peak and Nongmaiching Trigonometrical
Station, Munipur.

519. Diplommatina ungulata, Blanford.

Diplommatina ungulata, Blanford, J. A.S. B. xl, 1871, p. 42, pl. 2,
figs. 5, 5a; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 120,
tig. 10; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 75; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 287.

Diplomate (Eudiplommatina) ungulata, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) ungulata, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 448.

Original description:— Testa dextrorsa, ovato-conica, sub-
rimata, tenuis, costulata, cereo-albida. Spira superne conica ;
sutura impressa; apex obtusulus. Anfractus 7; duo primi levi-
gata, ceteri confertim costulati; antepenultimus major, tumidus ;
penultimus supra aperturam constrictus ; ultimus valde ascendens,
ad basin rotundatus. Apertura subobliqua, subquadrata ; plica
columellaris mediocris. Peristoma suhduplicatum, margine dextro

DIPLOMMATINA. 309

evertato, juxta suturam sinuatum, in expansionem angustam
unguiformem, antice productum ; subtusrectum. Callus columel-
laris late appressus.

‘“* Alt. 3 mm.; diam. vix 2mm.—Aperture alt. 1 mm., lat. 1 mm.”

Hab. India: Darjeeling (Blanford, Stoliezka).

‘The only species yet described that presents anything
resembling the peculiar conformation of the lip exhibited by this
species is the rare D. scalaria, W. Blanford, from the Khasi Hills,
and it is searcely discernible in some specimens even of this
species, which moreover presents no other point of marked
resemblance. In all the specimens I have seen of D. ungulata, it
is strongly marked: in some, however, more so than in others.

... The animal is white, with the tentacles dusky and the
upper part of the rostrum reddish coloured.” (Blanford.)

520. Diplommatina venustula, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina venustula, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 518; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 14, pl. 66,
HY Whoa:

Diplommatina (Eudiplommatina) venustula, Kobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1897, p. 138; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58.

Diplommatina (Diplommatina) venustula, Kobelt, Das Tierreich,
Lief. 16, 1902, p. 448.

Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, elongately fusiform,
thin; sculpture, fine, regular, close costulation throughout ; colour
pale amber; spire high, sides flattish, apex acuminate; suture
impressed ; whorls 72, sides convex, the penultimate the largest ;
constriction in front above the aperture; aperture widely ovate,
suboblique ; peristome but slightly developed, narrowly double,
expanded into a small wing on the upper and outer margin, giving
it a very sinuated margin ; no columellar tooth.

** Major diam. 2°1; alt. axis 4 millim.”

Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Anghami-Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This species, of which I only obtained 3 specimens, is quite
distinct, as shown in the form of the spire and particularly the
expanded side of the peristome, which is an unusual character.”
(Godwin-Austen. )

Subgenus METADIANCTA, J/6llendorff.

Metadiancta, Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p. 98 (section); Kobelt & Mollendorff, tom. cit. p. 138 (subgenus) ;
id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16,
1902, p. 449.
Typn, Diplommatina dohertyi, Godwin-Austen.

Range. Assam and Munipur.
Constriction at the last third of the penultimate whorl, no
parietal folds.
ZZ

340 CYCLOPHORID®.

521. Diplommatina compacta, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina compacta, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 515; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 11, pl. 65,
Hf a elon aC PETA

Diplommatina (Metadiancta) compacta, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 449.

Original description :— Shell dextral, small, tumidly fusiform ;
sculpture, the two apical whorls smooth, two next with fine close
ribbing, the last three whorls smooth or glassy ; colour pale
ochraceous white ; spire, sides rather flat, apex moderately blunt ;
suture slightly impressed; whorls 7}, the antepenultimate the
largest and tumid; constriction on the side, well behind the
aperture, at about 1 miilim. distant; aperture oval, vertical ;
peristome double; columellar tooth large in front, and directed
downwards.

‘Major diam. 1:8; alt. axis 3°5 millim.”

Hab. Burma: south of Barak, Munipur (Godwin-Austen).

“ A larger shell, with rather a different shaped spire 4 millim.
in height, was found at Asalu, with the constriction in the same
position.

“Tt is an allied form of D. jatingana, from the North Cachar
Hills, which is a larger, more tumid species with the constriction
farther behind the aperture.

“A single specimen, only 3 millim. in height, was sorted out of
the box containing D. chennelli, from the Lhota-Naga Hills.”
(Godwin-Austen.)

522. Diplommatina distincta, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina distincta, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 514; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1897, p. 10, pl. 65,
figs. 4, 4a, 40.

Diplommatina (Metadiancta) distincta, Kobelt & Moéllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 138; id., Cat. Pneum.
1898, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 449.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, small, rather depressedly
fusiform ; sculpture very fine close ribbing ; colour pale horny ;
spire conoid; apex blunt; suture impressed; whorls 7, sides
convex, the antepenultimate the largest ; constriction on the side,
well behind the aperture; aperture vertical, irregularly ovate ;
peristome thin; columellar tooth very large for size and in front.

‘Major diam, 2; alt. axis 3-4 millim.”

Hab. India: north of Burrail Range, Naga Hills (Godwin-
Austen).

“There is only one specimen of this species, but it is very
different from any of the smaller forms in having the constriction
behind the aperture, and, for so small a shell, in having the
columellar tooth so large.” (@edwin- Austen.)

DIPLOMMATINA., 341

523. Diplommatina dohertyi, Godwin- Austen.

Diplommatina dohertyi, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 515; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 9, pl. 65,
fies. 1, la.

Diplommatina (Metadiancta) dohertyi, WKobelt & Méllendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188; id., Cat. Pnewn.
1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 450, fig. 98.

Original description :— Shell dextral, very tumidly fusiform,
strong, not rimate; sculpture fine rather distant costulation on
all the whorls ; colour very pale with a pinkish tint or ochraceous ;
spire, sides flat, rapidly diminishing, apex acuminate; suture
impressed ; whorls 8, last 3 whorls with convex sides, the penul-
timate the largest ; constriction on side, well behind the aperture ;
the last whorl rises near peristome ; aperture nearly circular,
subvertical, rounded below ; peristome double, outer somewhat
reflected, and sinuous on margin; columellar tooth small, blunt,
situated within the aperture, in many specimens it is not seen
when viewed directly in front.

‘* Major diam. 3; alt. axis 64 millim.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Margarita, Upper Assam (Doherty).

524. Diplommatina japvoensis, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina sherfaiensis, var., Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xliv,
part 2, 1875, p. 9, pl. 4, fig. 5.
Diplommatina japvoensis, Nevill, J. A. S. B. 1, part 2, 1881, p. 150
(nom. nud.) ; Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892, p. 516 ; id.,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 12, pl. 66, figs. 11,11 a.
Diplommatina (Metadiancta) japvoensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 1388; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 450.
Original description :—‘ Shell dextral, fusiform, thin texture ;
colour pale ochraceous ; spire conic, apex blunt ; suture moderately
impressed ; whorls 74, sides convex, swollen below; constriction
in front, towards the outer margin of the peristome ; aperture
oval, vertical ; columellar tooth fairly developed, blunt; peristome
closely double, of weak structure.
** Major diam. 2°4; alt. axis 3°8 millim.”
Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Anghami-Naga Hills, 10,000 ft.
( Godwin-Austen).
«This is larger than the other species from this peak and
elevation.” (Godwin-Austen.)

525. Diplommatina khunhoensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina khunhoensis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1892,
p- 515; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 10, pl. 65,
fies, 3,5 a.

Diplommatina (Metadiancta) khunhoensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 188; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 58; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 450.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovately fusiform, not

342 CYCLOPHORID #.

rimate ; sculpture, fine regular costulation on the 3rd, 4th, and
5th whorls, the 2 apical smooth, the last whorls polished and
glassy; colour pale sienna ; spire, side flattened near the apex,
which is somewhat acuminate ; suture impressed; whorls 8, the
antepenultimate the largest; constriction behind the aperture on
the penultimate whorl; aperture oval and vertical; peristome
double, strong, continuous; columellar tooth well developed,
rather remote.

“* Major diam. 2°2; alt. axis 4°8 to 5:2 millim.”

Hab. India: Khunho Peak and Trivonometrical Station,
8809 ft. above the Mao villages, Naga Hills (Godwin-Austen).

‘“A form rather longer and less swollen occurs in the same
range; about 30 specimens were obtained at Gnameh Peak
(5585 ft.), near the Barak River.

“There is another form much smaller, being only 3:5 in length,
with the same glassy whorls and the constriction rather further
back, behind the aperture. Examples of this were also found at
Sikhamih, in the Lahupa-Naga Hills. I distinguish this variety
as khunhoensis, var. minor.” (Godwin- Austen.)

526. Diplommatina lapillus, Godwin- Austen.
Diplommating lapillus, Godwin-Austen, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 215; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 11, pl. 65,
figs. 6, 6a.
Diplommatina (Metadiencta) lapillus, Kobelt & Moilendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 159; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 59; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 450.

Original description :—‘“* Shell dextral, elongately fusiform,
tumid below, not rimate; sculpture fine, regular, close costulation,
which is often much worn down; colour (bleached) ; spire with
sides flattened, apex acuminate ; suture shallow; constriction of
the penultimate whorl on the side, well behind the aperture;
aperture oval, subvertical ; peristome thickened, double, rounded
below ; columellar tooth small and far back within the aperture.

“ Major diam. 3, alt. axis 6 millim.”

Hab. Burma: Kopamedza Peak, Lahupa-Naga Hills, 8375 ft.
(Godwin-Austen).

“Three specimens marked from the ‘ North of Burrail Range.’
(Godwin-Austen.)

b

527. Diplommatina miriensis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina miriensis, Godwin-Austen, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii,
1917, p. 577, text-fig. 4d.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, tumidly fusiform ;
sculpture regular, strong, fairly distant costulation ; colour pale
with an ochre tinge ; spire tapering rapidly, apex blunt ; suture
impressed; whorls 5, tumid, constriction above the aperture,

DIPLOMMATINA. O40

aperture vertical, oval; peristome double, strong, broadly ovate ;
columellar margin nearly vertical, with a strong tooth.

“ Major diam. 9-9; alt. axis 15 mm.” (Godwin- Austen.)

Hab. India: Miri Hills (Officers, Miri: Mission, 1911-1912).

528. Diplommatina mucronata, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina mucronatus, Godwin-Austen, Ree. Ind. Mus. yiil,
1917, p. 576, text-fig. 4 B.

Original description:—* Shell ovately acuminate, rimate ;
sculpture regular, somewhat distant costulation on the 4th and
5th whorls, becoming finer and closer on the two last, the first 2
whorls smooth ; colour white; spire pyramidal, becoming rapidly
attenuate, apex fine, blunt; suture well impressed; whorls 7,
penultimate the largest, sides well rounded, tumid; aperture oval,
subvertical; peristome well thickened, distinctly double.

‘Major diam. 2°5; alt. axis 4°75 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Changjuk La, Tsanspu Valley.

529. Diplommatina nengloensis, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina nengloensis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 514; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 10, pl. 65,
tigs. 8, 5a.
Diplommatina ( Metadiancta) nengloensis, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 139; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 59; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 451.

Original description: —* Shell dextral, elongately fusiform,
large, solid; sculpture very fine, moderately distant ribbing ;
colour pale ochraceous ; spire high, with flat sides, apex acuminate ;
suture shallow ; whorls 82, sides flatly convex ; constriction some
distance behind the aperture, on side; aperture widely ovate,
expanded towards the outer margin; peristome double, not
thickened; columellar margin subvertical, the tooth very small
and remotely situated.

“Major diam. 2°9 ; alt. axis 5 millim.”

Hab. India: Nenglo, North Cachar Hills (Godwin-Austen).

“This is a very distinct shell; in its very ovate aperture and
small columellar process or tooth it is unlike any other I have in
wny collection.” (Godwin-Austen.)

530. Diplommatina perobesa, Preston.
Diplommatina perobesa, Preston, Rec. Ind. Mus. viii, 1915,
p. 540, text-fig. 5; Godwin-Austen, tom. cit. 1918, p. 576,
text-figs. 5, 5a.

Original description :—‘‘ Shell obliquely ovate with exserted
spire, pale flesh colour, solid, opaque ; whorls 7, the first two
submammillary, the third, fourth, and fifth regularly increasing, the
sixth large, tumid, the last contracted and abandoning the direction
of the axis of the shell, sculptured with coarse, obsolete, oblique,

344 CYCLOPHORID &.

transverse costule; suture well impressed; columella margin
vertically descending, bearing a strong, downwardly bent, entering
lamella above, sharply angled at the base, diffused above into a
thick, outwardly expanded, well defined, parietal callus which
joins the upper margin of the labrum and gives to it a continuous
appearance; labrum consisting of an outwardly expanded and
slightly reflexed, shelf-like projection from which springs an erect,
rather thick rim ; aperture subcircular.

“ Alt. 4:5, diam. maj. 255 mm. Aperture alt. 1:25, diam. 1°5
(nearly) mm.” (Preston.)

Hab. India: Upper Rotung, 2000 ft. (Aemp, Oakes).

531. Diplommatina thomsoni, Godwin—Austen.

Diplommatina thomsoni, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zool, Soc. 1892,
p: 514; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, 11, 1897, p. 9, pl. 65,
figs. 2, 2a.
Diplommatina (Metadiancta) thomsoni, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 189; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 59; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 451.
Original description:—‘ Shell dextral, elongately fusiform ;
sculpture, 3 apical whorls smooth, all the rest with very fine
regular, rather close ribbing; colour whitish ; spire rather high,
sides flattened ; apex rather blunt; suture moderately impressed ;
whorls 73, sides convex, the antepenultimate the largest, last
whorl ascending near the aperture; constriction lies directly
behind and adjacent to the peristome; aperture oval; columellar
tooth small for size of shell and lying within the aperture ;
peristome as usual.
* Major diam. 2°4; alt. axis 5 millim.”
Hab. Burma: South Burrail (Godwin-Austen).
“Tn general form this shell is like D. pachycheilus, Bs., a Dar-
jiling species, but the columellar tooth is never so large as in that
species.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Subgenus SINICA, Jollendorff.

Sinica, Mollendorff, Jahrb. Deuts. Malak. Ges. x11, 1885, p. 369
(section); Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 189 (subgenus) ; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 59 ; Kobelt,
Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 455.

Type (1st species), D. collarifera, Schmacker & Boettger
(D. labiosa, Martens non Blanford).

Range. India, Burma, Farther India, China, Japan, Formosa,
Malay Archipelago, New Guinea.

Shell generally dextral, last whorl constricted at its commence-
ment, a tooth on the columellar margin, another on the penultimate
whorl and facing the latter a palatal fold, visible from outside.

PIPLOMMATINA., 543

532. Diplommatina animula, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina animula, Godwin-Austen, Proce. Zocl. Soc. 1892,
p. 516; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 12, pl. 66,
fig. 2.

Diplommatina (Sinica) animula, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 189; id. Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 59; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 465.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovately fusiform, thin and
delicate, and glassy texture; sculpture, rather distant well-marked
costulation ; colour whitish grey; spire moderately high, sides
convex, apex blunt; suture impressed ; whorls 6, tumid, sides very
convex, antepenultimate the largest ; corstriction in centre, above
the aperture; aperture widely ovate, vertical, angulate on the
lower margin of the columella; the tooth large and well
developed ; peristome very strong.

“Major diam. 1°3; alt. axis 2 mm.”

Hab. Burma: Prowi, Lahupa-Naga Hills, Munipur ( Godwin-
Austen).

“ This is another minute shell, differing from all others I have
seen in the strong peristome and jarge columellar tooth. D. deli-
cata is its nearest ally.” (Godwin-Austen.)

533. Diplommatina canarica, beddome.

Diplommatina canarica, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 442,
pl. 52, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 394; Godwin-Austen,
Land & Freshw. Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 175, pl. 46, figs. 3, 5 a.

Diplommatina kanarica, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. ii.

Diplommatina (Sinica) canarica, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 140; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 60; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 458.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, broadly ovate, scarcely
or very inconspicuously rimate, flesh-coloured ; whorls 63, convex,
all except the apical obtuse one closely, regularly, and sharply
costulated; interstices smooth, spire conical; the fifth whorl
much the largest, and projecting much more than the penultimate ;
the penultimate with the constriction just in front of the centre
of the circular aperture ; peristome shining, continuous round the
penultimate whorl, slightly canaliculate in its free portion below ;
columellar margin much incurved ; the tooth prominent, slightly
deflexed: total length ;4, inch [2-5 mm.}.

“ Allied to D. carneola (Stoliczka); but the columellar margin
is very different, and it isa stouter shell.” (Beddome.)

Hab. India: Yellapore, North Canara (Beddome).

346 CYCLOPHORID &.

5034. Diplommatina carneola, Stolivzka.

Diplommatina car neola, Stoliczka, J. A. 8. B. xl. part 2, 1871, p. 12,
pl. 6, figs. eas 3a, 36; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 140, fig. 4 ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 3, LSto, phon
Theobald, “Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand
List, 1, 1878, p. 284 (carreola) ; Godwin- -Austen, Land & Freshw.
Moll. India, i, 1886, p. 182, pl. 49, fies. 8, 8a.

Di. lommatina (Sinica) carneola, Wobelt & MoUendorff. Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 140; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 60;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 459.

Original description:—* Diplommatina testa ovato elongata,
turrita, vix rimata, carnea, seu carneo-luteola; anfractibus 7,
valde convexis, suturis profundis junctis, primis duobus levigatis,
luteis, ceteris costulis obliquis, modice distantibus, ornatis, pen-
ultimo maxime inflato, ad terminationem valde constricto, ultimo
minore, ad basin retundato ; apertura rotundata, marginibus paulo
dilatatis et incrassatis, ad anfractum penultimum conspicuiter
ascendentibus, intus levigatis ; labio adnato, paulo expanso, labro
duplici, extus prope marginem costa tenui et acuta instructo,
columella fere recta, infra dente unico instructa, ad basin vix
angulata.

‘Diam. anfr. penult. 1:2; alt. tot. teste 2-6, apert. alt. 0°8,
ejusdem diam. 0°8 mm.”

** Animal carneo-luteolum, tentaculis, rostro ad terminationem,
interdumque dorso supero, plus minusve distincte atratis; oculis
magnis in latere basali tentaculorum sitis, atris, pede angusto,
postice acuminato; operculum corneum, tenuissimum, concentrice
pee ea Ke

Hab. Burma: Damotha, near Moulmain (Stoliczka).

“This ene is somewhat allied to D. puppensis, Blt., differing
from it by its constant smaller size, more tumid or convex, and
more widely costulated whorls, and by the aperture being at the
columellar base rounded or nearly so, instead of deeply “angular
and canaliculate, as it always appears to be in pup pensis.

“The present species was found to be very common on the
perpendicular limestone cliffs at Damotha, especially in localities
where a little water trickled down the rock. ‘The animals seemed
to feed on the minute alge which were growing in the locality.”
(Stoliczka.)

535. Diplommatina delicata, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina delicata, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1892,
p: 517; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, li, 1897, p. 18, pl. 66,

5,

Diplommatina (Sinica) delicata, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 140; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 60; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 462.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, very small, tumidly
fusiform; sculpture, very distant, strong costulation ; colour pale

DIPLOMMATINA, 347

horny; spire rather depressed, sides convex, apex blunt; suture
well impressed ; whorls 6, sides convex, swollen, antepenultimate
the largest ; constriction above the aperture; aperture ovate,
vertical ; columellar tooth well marked; peristome as usual.

* Alt. axis 1°75 millim.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab, India: E. Naga Hills (Doherty).

556. Diplommatina gracilis, Beddoie.

Diplommatina gracilis, Beddome, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 442,
1. 52, fig. 2; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Pfeiffer, Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 594 ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 288 ;
Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. Ind. i, 1886, p. 175,
pl. 46, figs. 1, La, 16; var. pl. 46, fig. 2.

Diplommatina (Sinica) gracilis, Kobelt & Mo\lendorff, Nachr, Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 140; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 60;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 464.

Original description: —‘Shell dextral, narrowly ovate, straw-
coloured, not rimate; whorls 64, all except the apical or 2 upper
ones rather distantly and prominently costulated, interstices
smooth ; spire rather slender, the fifth whorl the largest and pro-
jecting a little more than the penultimate, the penultimate with
the constriction over the centre or right centre of the aperture,
aperture reniform; peristome continuous round the penultimate
whorl, prominently angled, below the tooth double, the outer lip
expanded and reflexed, columellar margin nearly straight, the
tooth prominent, a little deflexed: total length $ inch [3 mm.].”
( Beddome.)

Hab. India: Gudam Hills, Goleondah Hills, Vizagapatam
(Beddome) ; Jeypur Hills, Madras (Leddome).

Lieut.-Col. Godwin-Austen figures (pl. 46, fig. 2) a variety sent
to him by Col. Beddome from the Jeypur Hills, which has rather
more tumid whorls and is less acuminate than the type. In three
out of eight specimens he notices another point of difference,
i.e. the right margin of the peristome being sharply sinuate, a
character not shown in the Goleondah Hill specimens.

537. Diplommatina subrubella, Godwin-Austen.
Diplommatina subrubella, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 517; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. Ind. ii, 1897, p. 13, pl. 66,
figs. 3, 5a.
Diplommatina (Sinica) subrubella, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 62; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 474.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, small, fusiform ; sculp-
ture, fine, regular, rather close costulation ; colour pale reddish ;
spire high, sides convex, apex blunt ; suture impressed; whorls 63,
sides convex, penultimate and antepenultimate equal; constriction
in front, above the peristome; aperture circular, nearly vertical ;

348 CYCLOPHORID A”.

columellar tooth very small and internal ; peristome closely double,
not thickened.

“ Major diam. 1-4; alt. axis 2°6 millim.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. India: Japvo Peak, Anghami-Naga Hills, 10,000 ft.
(Godwin- Austen).

Stated to be a close ally of D. sherfaiensis, but much smaller
and with a coarser sculpture.

538. Diplommatina subtilis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina subtilis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p- 517; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1897, p. 15, pl. 66,
fios. 4, 4a.

Diplommatina (Sinica) subtilis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p- 62; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 474.

Original description :-—‘* Shell dextral, elongately ovate,
thickened ; sculpture, fine, close, regular costulation throughout ;
colour pale sienna-brown; spire with convex sides, apex blunt ;
suture impressed; whorls 6, sides convex, penultimate slightly
the largest, the last does not rise much upon the penultimate ;
constriction in front, but not well marked; aperture circular,
suboblique; columellar tooth well developed for tine size of the
shell ; peristome double, strong.

‘** Major diam. 1; alt. axis 1°5 millim.”

Hab. India: Margarita, Naga Hills (Doherty).

“This is a good species, one of the smallest ; its elongate form
separates it at once from D. parvula, the finer costulation and
larger size from D. minuta.” (Godwin- Austen.)

539. Diplommatina unicrenata, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina unicrenata, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1892,
p. 516; id., Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii, 1898, p. 12, pl. 66,
fig. 1.

Diplommatina (Sinica) unicrenata, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899,
p. 62; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 476.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, ovately fusiform, sub-
rimate, rather thin; sculpture, distant strong costulation on all
the whorls; colour white, with a pale lemon-yellow tint in fresh
shells ; spire with sides convex, apex somewhat blunt; suture
well impressed; whorls 74, antepenultimate the largest, sides
convex, the constriction above the aperture, in front; aperture
circular, vertical ; peristome double, outer wavy in outline, with
one very marked and decided crenulation on the upper outer
margin, anda slight sinuation on the left lower margin ; columellar
tooth large and directed downwards.

“ Alt. axis 4 millim.”

Hab. India: Eastern Naga Hills (Doherty).

GASTROPLYCHIA. 349
“,... This is a very beautiful new species, the only shell
approaching it that I know from this region being D. angulata of
Moulmain.” ( Godwin-Austen.)

Genus GASTROPTYCHIA, Xobelt §- Mollendorff.

Pazillus, Adams, A. M.N.H. ser. 2, vii, 1851, p. 63 (as subgenus ot
Diplommatina), (non Pawvillus, MacLeay, 1819); Pfeiffer, Mon.
Helie. iii, 1853, p. 585 (genus); Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856,
p- 288 (subgenus); Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 14 ;
Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 490 (subgenus) ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 12 (genus); Martens,
Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien, Zool. ii, 1867, p. 164 (genus); Stoliezka,
J.A.S. B. xl, part 2, 1871, p. 157; Issel, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova,
vi, 1874, p. 440 (genus) ; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 740
(section); Heude, Mém. Hist. Nat. Emp. Chin. i, 1890, p. 131
(genus); Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxiv, 1892,
p. 20 (genus); Kobelt & Mollendorff, op. cit. xxx, 1898, p. 142
(genus); id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 62 (genus).

Gastroptychia, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxxii, 1900, p. 186; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 481.

Type, P. adversus, Adams.

Range. India, China, Borneo, Natuna Is., Philippines.

Shell pupsetorm, rimate, generally sinistral; spire acuminate;
aperture semi-ovate, ascending on the body-whorl; inner lip
adnate, spreading, flexuous; columella with a single, prominent,
tooth-like plait; two or more palatal folds; outer lip with a
double peristome, emarginate anteriorly ; umbilical region with
a spiral, elevated ridge, terminating in a notch at the fore part
of the aperture. Operculum almost cireular, thin, with few,
indistinct whorls and a somewhat excentric nucleus.

540. Gastroptychia insignis, Godwin-Austen.

Diplommatina insignis, Godwin-Austen, J. A.S. B. xxxix, part 2,
1870, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 1; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875,
pl. 189, tig. 10; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 79;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 286; Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll.
India, i, 1886, p. 168, pl. 50, figs. 3, 5, 6, 9.

Paxillus insignis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, 1898, p. 142; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 62.

Gastroptychia insignis, Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 482.

Original description :—* Shell sinistral, acuminately oval, colour
corneous or pink, costulation close and strong on the upper
whorls, obsolete on the two last ; spire rather pointed. Whorls 8,
lower rounded, at apex flat-sided; penultimate the largest, the
constriction of this last situated in front and covered by the
parietal callus; suture impressed, aperture vertical, oval : peri-
stome double, outer much thickened, inner continuous, callus
strong; columellar margin rounded, the tooth-like process
moderate.

350 CYCLOPHORIDA,

“Operculum thin, spiral, no boss at the back. Animal pale
colored, tentacles black, rostrum pink; the body spotted with
black which shews through the shell in fresh specimens.

“Height 0°27 inch [6°75 mm.]; diam. 0:13 [3:25 mm.]; diam.
of ap. with peristome 0-10 inch [2°5 mm.}.”

Fig. 38.—Gastroptychia insignis. (X 3.)

Hab. India: Burrail Range, Asalu (3000 ft.).

‘“‘ This fine sinistral form is up to the present time the largest
known species from India. It is a well marked shell, and differs
widely from the other sinistral species from these hills... .”
(Godwin- Austen.)

The specimen now figured is in the British Museum and
measures: alt. 6°25, diam. 3 mm.

Genus CLOSTOPHIS, Benson.

Clostophis, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 95; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 11; Stoliczka, J.A.S. B. x1,
part 2, 1871, p. 157; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 740;
Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, iv, 1887, p. 281; Kobelt &
Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxxi. 1899, p. 138; id.,
Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 106; Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902,
p. 484.

Type (only species), C. sankey?, Benson.

Range. Burma.

Shell almost biconical; penultimate whorl the largest, last
whorl descending, solute, smaller, practically in the direction of
the axis; aperture entire, dentate. Operculum and animal
unknown.

541. Clostophis sankeyi, Denson.
Clostophis sankeyi, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 3, v, 1860, p. 95;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 12; Theobald, Cat.
Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 43; Ancey, Bull. Soc. Malac, France,
iv, 1887, p.43; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxxi, 1899, p. 138; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 106; Kobelt, Das
Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 484, text-fig. 103.

Original description :—“Testa late umbilicata, sub-biconica,
levi, spira turrito-conica, lateribus cavis, apice obtuso, sutura
profunda; anfractibus 5, primis angustis convexiusculis, penultimo
multo majore cylindrico, ultimo antice rapide descendente, soluto,

OTOPOMA., 351

tubuliformi, quoad peripheriam antepenultimi minore; apertura
integra, subaxiali, subumbilicali, valde obliqua, subcirculari, intus
superne dente 1 submarginali loco quasi parietali munita, peristo-
mate tenul, expanso.

* Diam. major 14, alt. 1% mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Burma: Farm Caves, Moulmein (Sankey).

The specimen from which this species was described was found
by Benson in earth filling the cavity of a decayed specimen of
Sophina schistostelis sent to him by Major Sankey.

Genus OTOPOMA, Gray.

Otopoma, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Anim. Brit. Mus. i, 1850, p. 35 ;
Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 157; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852,
p. 179; Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. 1i, 1856, p. 292 (as subgenus of
Cyclostomus) ; Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, part 2, 1860, p. 492 (as
subgenus of Tropidophora); Blanford, A. M.N.H. ser. 3, xii,
1864, p. 464; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 5, 1875, p. 167;
Bourguignat, in Revoil, Faune & Flore Pays Comalis, v1, 1882,
p- 57; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 747 (as subgenus of
Cyclostoma); Godwin-Austen, Land & Freshw. Moll. India, ii,
1897, p. 29, pl. 67 (anatomy); Martens, Besch. Weichth. Deuts.
Ost-Afr. 1897, p. 7; Kobelt & M@llendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 157; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 77; Godwin-
Austen, in H. O. Forbes, Nat. Hist. Sokotra, 1903, p. 161; Kobelt,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclophcridae, ii, 1913, p. 986.

Typr, Turbo foliaceus, Chemnitz.

Range. India, N.E. Africa, South Arabia.

Shell umbilicated, subglobose, solid, with an ear-like process
from the inner side of the mouth, covering part of the axis; mouth
circular; peristome simple, or slightly refleeted.—Operculum
shelly, solid; whorls convex in the centre, with simple edges.

542. Otopoma hinduorum, Blanford.

Otopoma clausum (non Sowerby), Benson, A. M.N. HI. ser. 3, iv,
1859, pp. 92, 95.

Otopoma hinduorum, Blanford, op. cit. xiii, 1864, p. 464; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 122; Hanlev & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 5; fig. 6 (var.); Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 167; Theobeld, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
p. 389; Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx,
1898, p. 158; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 78.

Cyclostoma (Otopoma) hinduorum, Blanford, J. A. S. B. xxxix,
part 2, 1870, p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 6; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
», BOT.

Gm (Georgia ? Cyclotopsis?) hinduorum, Kobelt, Conch.-Cab.,
Cyclophoridae, ii, 1913, p. 1006, pl. 148, figs. 15, 16, pl. 150,
fies. 9-12.

Original description :—‘‘ Testa imperforata, clausa, umbilicata
globoso-turbinata, solidula, nitida, striata, juxta suturam et circa
umbilicum levis, extus versus peripheriam liris spiralibus sub-

oo2 CYCLOPHORID®.

confertis nonnunquam obsoletis circumdata, carnea vel albido-
carnea ; apice plerumque nigro; spira conoideo-convexa ; sutura
impressa. Antfr. 42 convexi, ultimus teres, antice descendens,
varicem imperfectuin interdum pone aperturam gerens. Apertura
fere verticalis, rotunda ; peristoma obtusum, marginibus disjunctis,
externo antice arcuato, basali expansiusculo, columellari sub-late
expanso, umbilicum omnino callo complente. Opere. testaceum,
intus membranaceum, paucispirale, margine interno anfractuum
elevato, nucleo excentrico.
“ Diam. maj. 12, min. 11, axis 9, ap. diam. 6 mm.”

Fig. 39.—Otepoma hinduorum.

Hab. India: Kathiawar (Z'heobald).

“From Cyclostoma (Otopoma) clausum, Sow.,to which Mr, Benson
referred the present form, it is distinguished by being much
smoother, with a less excavated umbilical region and a higher
spire.

“Tt is the most eastern form of the sub-genus known, other
forms assigned to Otopoma found in the Indian and Burmese
areas having been shewn to belong to the Cyclophoride.”
(Blanford.)

The specimen now figured is in the British Museum, Cuming
collection. It is larger and more elevated than the type,
measuring: 13:5 x 12x 12:25 mm.

Genus CYCLOTOPSIS, Llanford.

Cyclotopsis, Blanford, A. M. M. II. ser. 5, xiii, 1864, p. 447; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 111; Suppl. 8, 1875, p. 161;
Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 747; Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 76.

Typn, Cyclostoma semistriatum, Sowerby.

Range. India.

Shell widely umbilicate, depressed or depressed-turbinate,
furnished with spiral lire; aperture subrotundate; peristome
thin; operculum multispiral, double, the inner membranous, the
outer calcareous, the edges raised.

543. Cyclotopsis montana, P/ciffer.
Cyclostoma (Cyclotus?) montanum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864,
p- 800. ha
Cyclotus montanus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 23 ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863, Cyclotus, pl. 9, fig. 58.
Cyclostoma (Cyclotopsis) montanwn, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 308,

CYCLOTOPSIS, 353

Cyclotopsis montana, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 76.

Original description : —‘“‘ C. testa umbilicata, turbinato-depressa,
solida, superne confertim spiraliter lirata, alba, fusculo obsolete
maculata et fasciata; spira turbinata, acutiuscula; anfr. 4 con-
vexis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo non descendente, subtus levi-
gato, in umbilico mediocri, profundo, spiraliter striato ; apertura
parum obliqua, angulato-rotundata; perist. simplice, recto, breviter
adnato, margine columellari reflexiusculo.—Opere. ?

‘Diam. maj. 123, min. 10, alt. 8 mill.” (Pfeiffer)

Hab. India: Nilgiris (/us. Cum.).

544, Cyclotopsis semistriata, Sowerby.

Cyclostoma semistriatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 91,
pl. 23, fig. 6; Pfeiffer, Conch. -Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p- 147,
pl. 20), figs. 10-12.

Cyclotus semistriatus, Sowerby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1843, p. 29;
Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 1385; id., Cat. Phaneropn.
srit. Mus. 1852, p. 11; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1855,
p- 274, pl. 85, figs. 1, le; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863,
Cyclotus, pl. 4, fic. 16; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870,
pl. 4, fig. 9; id., op. cit. 1876, p. xiv.

Cyclotopsis semistriatus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,

p- 112. :
Cyclotopsis semistriatum, Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876,
_p. 85. : ; :
Cyclostoma (Cyclotopsis) semistriatum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 308.

Cyclotopsis emistriata, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 156; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, pe dO:

Original description :—* Shell of a somewhat depressed orbicular
form; thin, whitish, with narrow pale brown interrupted bands ;
spire rather prominent, its apex rather obtuse ; volutions 4 to 5,
rounded, spirally striated on the upper side, but smooth beneath ;
suture distinct ; aperture circular, slightly acuminated at the upper
part ; peritreme thin, with a sharp edge, very slightly reflected ;
umbilicus large; operculum with a deep spiral groove outside,
having from 4 to 5 volutions.” (Sowerby.)

Major diam. 12, min. 10, alt. 5°75 mm.

Hab. India: Poonah (//umphrey).

545. Cyclotopsis spurca, Grateloup.

Cyclostoma spurca, Grateloup, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xi, 1839,
pp. 169, 444, pl. 3, fig. 18.

Otopoma spurcum, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 158; id.,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 187 ; ; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852,
p- 181.

Cyclotus spurcus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. Tt, E858; p: le:
Reeve, Conch, Icon. xiv, 1868, Cyclotus, pl. 7 , fic, 38.

Cyclotopsis spurca, Kobelt & Mollendorff, heache Deuts. Malak.
Ges, xxx, 1898, p. 157; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 77.

Original description :—‘‘ C. testa orbiculato-turbinata, obconica,
»)
2 ib

354 OYULOPHORID®..

spurco-albida, late umbilicata, longitudinaliter striata ; spira brevi,
acuta; anfractibus convexis; apertura patula, rotundata ; labro
simplici acuto.

“ (uoique cette coquille ressemble a une Heélice, c’est un véritable
Cyclostome, puisque son péristome est continu; sa couleur est
d’un blane sale: sa surface parait lisse, mais examinée attentive-
ment on y decouvre des siries longitudinales, trés fines, trés serrées,
et trés régulicres. L’ombilic est assez large et profond. L’ouverture
est grande, arrondie, dilateé et relevée ; les bords sont simples et
tranchants. La spire est courte et acuminée, 4 revolutions con-
vexes.” (Grateloup.)

Height 15, diam. 20 mill.

Hab. India: Bombay.

This meagre description by Grateloup has been amplified by
Pfeiffer in 1858 (/. ¢.), from a specimen in the Cuming collection,
as follows :—

“T’, umbilicata, depressiusculo-turbinata, solida, confertim
striatula, nitidula, lutescenti-albida ; spira turbinata, apice acuti-
uscula; anfr. 5 convexi, rapide accrescentus, ultimus rotundatus ;
umbilicus conicus 4 diametri occupans; apertura parum obliqua,
rotundato-ovalis, superne subangulata; perist. rectum, acutum,
marginibus approximatis, columellari subincrassato, expansi-
usculo—.Operc. ?

“Diam. maj. 18, min. 15, alt. 11 mill. Ap. 9 mill. longa,
8 lata.”

546. Cyclotopsis subdiscoidea, Sowerby.

Cyclostoma subdiscoideum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1850, p. 161*,
pl. 314, figs. 504, 805; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1854, p. 318, pl. 41, figs. 38, 54.

Cyclotus subdiscoideus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 134;
id., Mon. Pneum, 1852, p. 31; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus.
1852, p. 17; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1855, p. 275; Reeve,
Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863, Cyclotus, pl. 4, fig. 21; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xiv, p. 2.

Cyclotopsis subdiscoideus, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865,
p- 112; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 35.

Cyclostoma (Cyclotopsis) subdiscoideum, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,

. 808.

Gein subdiscoidea, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 157; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 77.

Cyclostoma aratum, Benson, A, M.N. H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 190.

Cyclotus aratus, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 184; id., Mon.
Pneum. 1852, p. 51.

Cyclostoma rusticum, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1851, p. 250.

Cyclotus pfeiffert, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. part 1, 1850,
p. 9 (nom, nud.).

Original description: —* Shell suborbicular, rather discoid, spirally
grooved, whitish, with an interrupted zone of a pale brownish
colour ; spire depressedly conical, obtuse ; volutions, four, rour.ded;

CYCTOVUPSIS.---OMPHALOTROPTS. 355

suture very slightly channeled ; aperture circular; peritreme thin,
whitish, slightly reflected, and spreading a little posteriorly over
the last volution; umbilicus very large, showing the four volutions
within.” (Sowerby.)

Major diam, 17, min. 13; alt. 10°5 mm.

Fig. 40.— Cyclotopsis subdiscoidea.

Hab. S. India.
The specimen here illustrated is in the British Museum.

O47. Cyclotopsis trailli, Pfeiffer.

Cyciotus trailli, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 116, pl. 12, fig."4 ;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xiv, 1863, Cyclotus, pl. 9, fig. 56 ;. Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 29.

Cyclostoma (Cyclotopsis) trailli, Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 308
(as synonym of C. subdiscoideum).

Cyclotopsis trailli, Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges.
xxx, 1898, p. 157; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899, p. 77.

Original description: —* T. sublate umbilicata, depresso-turbinata,
solidula, liris confertis, subtus minoribus sculpta, carneo-albida,
fusculo-variegata, et fascia 1 rufa infraperipherica notata; spira
breviter turbinata, acutiuscula; anfr. 44 convexi, celeriter accres-
centes, juxta suturam levigati, ultimus teres, antice vix descendens ;
apertura obliqua, subangulato-circularis ; perist. tenue, vix expan-
siusculum, ad anfr. contiguum subinterruptum.—Operc. Cycloti
subdiscoidei.

“ Diam. maj. 14, min. 12, alt. 103 mill.” (Pferffer-.)

Hab. India: Russel-Canda, Madras (Trail).

Allied to C. subdiscoidea, Sowerby, but smaller, with a narrower
umbilicus, a higher spire, and the last whorl smooth near the

suture.

Genus OMPHALOTROPIS, P/eiffer.

Omphalotropts, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 176; id., Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1852, p. 151; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 506 ; id., cp. cit.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 175; Blanford, A. M.N. H. ser. 4, iii, 1869,
p. 340 (radula) ; id., J. A. S. B. xliv, part 2, 1875, p. 46; Fischer,
Man. Conchyl, 1885, p. 748.

Hydrocena (Omphalotropis), Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858,
p. 155.

Realia (Omphalotropis), Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1879, p. 209.

Typu (1st species), Cyclostoma aurantiaca, Deshayes.
Range. Mascarene Is., Andaman and Nicobar Is., 8. India,
Malaysia, Polynesia.
A242

356 OYCLOPHORIDA,

Shell narrowly umbilicated or perforate, turreted or globose-
turbinate, keeled around the umbilical perforation ; aperture ovate,
peristome not continuous, straight or slightly reflected. Oper-
culum thin, corneous, paucispiral, subovate, angular; nucleus
excentric.

548. Omphalotropis andersoni, Blanford.

Realia (Omphalotropis) andersoni, Blanford, J. A.8. B. xlix,
part 2, 1880, p. 216, pl. 2, fig. 18.

Omphalotropis (Eurytropus) andersoni, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak, Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 148; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 68.

Original description :—“ Shell perforate, ovately conical, thin,
reddish brown in colour, smooth, not polished, obliquely striated.
Spire conical, with sides nearly straight, apex acute, suture slightly
impressed. Whorls 7, rather flat ; the last with a hair-like keel
at the periphery (the keel sometimes appearing on the upper
whorls just above the suture), convex, smooth, and radiately
striated below, and furnished with an obtuse, subobsolete keel
around the umbilicus, the space inside the umbilical keel being
smooth, not ribbed. Aperture ovate, oblique, nearly diagonal,
a little shorter than the spire. Peristome obtuse, the margins
appreaching each other, and joined by a thin callus; outer edge
straight, basal expanded, columellar expanded below, but emarginate
and cut away into a re-entering angle near the perforation.
Operculum ?

“Length 7, diam. 5; length of aperture 34, breadth 23? mm.”
(Blanford.)

Hab. Andaman Is. (Anderson).

This species is stated closely to resemble O. rubens of Mauritius
in form, but to differ in sculpture, the shape of the whorls, ete.
The umbilical keel is but faintly marked.

549. Omphalotropis aurantiaca, Deshayes.

Cyclostoma aurantiaca, Deshayes, in Bélanger, Voy. Ind. Orient.
Zoologie, 1832, p. 416, pl. 1, figs. 16, 17: id., in Lamarck, Hist.
Nat. Anim. s. vert. Ed. 2, viii, 1858, p. 375.

Cyclostoma belangert, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iii, 1846, p. 82; id.,
Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1849, p. 181, pl. 50, figs. 1-8.

Hydrocena belangeri, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847, p. 112.

Realia belangeri, Gray, Nomencl. Moll. Brit. Mus. part 1,
Cyclophoride, 1850, p. 63.

Omphalotrop’s aurantiaca, Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak, viii, 1851, p. 177;
id., Proc. Zool. Soe. 1852, p. 151; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 509 ;
Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1854, p. 300; Pease, Journ. Conchyl.
xvii, 1869, p. 143; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 15

Realia aurantiaca, Gray, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 220.

Hydrocena (Omphalotropis) aurantiaca, Pfeiffer, Proce. Zool. Soc.
1854, p. 807; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 167.

Realia (Omphalotropis) awrantiaca, Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3,
1875, p. 231.

OMPHALOTROPIS. 357

Omphalotropis (Eurytropis) aurantiaca, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 148; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 68.

Original description :—* C. testa conica, elongata, turrita, apice
acuta, basi perforata, leviter striata ; anfractibus planis, ultimo ad
peripheriam subcarinato ; apertura ovato-circulare, intus lutea ;
marginibus incrassatis albidis, colore externe crocea.” (Deshayes-)

“'T. perforata, ovato-conica, solidula, concentrice minutim et
confertim striata, rubra; spira conica, acuta; anfr. 6-7 vix con-
vexiusculi, ultimus longitudinaliter striatus, medio linea elevata
munitus ; apertura obliqua, ovalis, intus concolor; perist. sub-
incrassatum, album, expansiusculum, marginibus disjunctis, colu-
mellari simplice, superne dilatato.—Opere. normale.

“Long. 92, diam. 54 mill. Ap. 42 mill. longa, 33 lata.”
(Deshayes.)

Hab. India: Pondicherry (Belanger).

Its occurrence in India has been disputed, Benson * stating
that it is a Mauritian species, which may possibly have been
imported with plants.

550, Omphalotropis brevis, Godwin-Austen.
Omphalotropis (Realia) brevis, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895,
p. 455.
Omphalotropis (Eurytropis) brevis, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachy.
Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum, 1899,
p. 69.

Original description :—* Shell dextral, elongately turbinate,
rimate ; sculpture smooth, covered with a fine epidermis, having
a few indistinct lines of growth; colour pale yellowish horny ;
spire conical, sides flat; apex sharp; suture impressed ; whorls 6,
the last slightly carinate with a hair-like keel, which is seen in
the whorlabove ; below a hair-like keel round the umbilical region ;
aperture ovate; peristome thin, not complete in specimen.

“ Maj. diam. 1-8; alt. axis 2°38 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Nicobar Is.: Camorta (oepstorf).

551. Omphalotropis distermina, Lenson.

Omphalotropis distermina. Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 8, xii, 1865,
p. 425; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 178; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 15; Hanley & Theobald, Conch.
Ind. 1876, pl. 145, fig. 10; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 321.

Realia (Omphalotropis) distermina, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pheum. Suppl. 8,
1875, p. 225.

Omphalotropis (Eurytropis) distermina, Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 149; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 69.

Original description:—*O. testa perforata, globoso-conica,
oblique striatula, supra suturam, ad peripheriam, et circa umbili-
cuin oblique vel radiatim costulato-striata, sub epidermide fusca

* A.M.N.H. ser. 2, viii, 1851, p. 194.

358 CYCLOPHORID”.

non nitente albida; spira acuminato-conica, apice acutiusculo,
sutura profunda ; anfractibus 6, convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam
et circa umbilicum subcarinato, carina umbilicali extus linea
impressa notata; apertura subobliqua, angulato-ovata, spiram
equante ; peristomate recto, acuto, mar ginibus remotioribus callo
tenui junctis ; columellari subinc1 assato. Opere. 2

“ Long. 3, diam. 23 mill.” ( Benson.)

Hab. Andaman Is. (Theobald).

552. Omphalotropis sordida, Prauenfeld.
Assiminea sordida (Behn), Frauenfeld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot. Ges.
Wien, xiii, 1863, p. 212.
Omphalotropis sordida, Morch, Journ, Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 318 ;
id., op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p. 362.

Original description (in German):—‘‘ Shell turbinate, acute,
rather solid, dull, opaque, brown, with two indistinct clear spiral
bands ; whorls 5-6, increasing gradually, flattened, suture very
slightly impressed; last whorl suddenly descending. Aperture
moderately, the upper part rather prominently angular. Margins
not united, acute, columellar thickened, somewhat reflected, leaving
only a narrow umbilical perforation.

“ Length 4:4, width 8mm.” (Frauenfeld.)

Hab, Nicobar Is.: Sambelong (Reinhardt).

Genus REALIA, Gray.

eee, Gray, Synopsis Cont. Brit. Mus. Ed. 42, 1840, first issue
p- 149 (nom. nud.); id., Ed. 44, 1842, p. 91 (nom. nud.); 1d eTocs
Zool. Soc. 1847, p. 182 (nom. nud.) ; id., Nomenel. Moll. Brit. Mus.
part 1, Cyelophoride, 1850, p. 65 ; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. viii, 1851,
p. 175; Gray, Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 217; Pfeiffer,
Mon. Pneum., 1852, p. 805; Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1856, p. 299
(as subgenus of Hydrocena) ; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1,
1858, p. 153; id., Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 170; id., Suppl. 3, 1875,
p. 207 (+ Omphalotropis) ; Cooke, Cambridge Nat. Hist. iii, 1895,
p. 414 (as subgenus of Omphalotropis); Kobelt & Mollendorff,
Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 148; id., Cat. Pneum.
1899, p. 68.

Tyre, ealia egea, Gray.

Range. Andaman Is., New Zealand, Marquesas.

Shell perforate or narrowly umbilicated, turreted or globose-
turbinate, keeled around the perforation. Aperture ovate, peri-
stome continuous, straight or expanded. Operculum thin, corneous,
paucispiral.

=

553. Realia decussata, Llanford.
Realia decussata, Blanford, J. A. 8. B. xlix, part 2, 1880, p. 218.

Original descriptron :—* Shell perforate, ovately conical, rather
thin, finely marked with oblique strize of growth and minute

REALIA. 3e9

decussating spiral lines (only visible beneath the lens), costulately
striated on the upper whorls (except the two uppermost) and
close to the suture on the lower whorls, pale rufescent brown,
with a pale band round the body whorl. Spire conical, apex
sharp, suture impressed. Whorls 6, convex; the last rounded at
the periphery and below, radiately striated beneath, more strongly
in the umbilicus, and having an impressed line at the base around
the umbilicus in the place of a keel. Aperture oblique, oval, but
little higher than broad, about # of the length. Peristome thin,
the margins approaching each athe and patted by a thin callus ;
the outer and basal edges simple, columellar margin slightly
expanded below, curved “back into a shallow re- entering sinus
close to the perforation. Operc. ?

“ Length 32, diam. 2}; length of aperture 1}, breadth 13 mm.”

Hab, Andaman Is. (Ander son).

‘‘Independently of sculpture, the species may be distinguished
from O. distermina by its less globose form, and by the absence of
the keel around the periphery ; from 2. andersoni by its much
smaller size, wore rounded whorls, and by the absence of the
keel; and from #. pallida by rounder whorls, by colour, and by
its rather more turreted form.” (Blanford.)

554, Realia pallida, Llunford.

Reaha pallida, Blanford, J. A. 8, B. xlix, part 2, 1880, p. 217, pl. 2,
fig. 19.

Original description :—* Shel! perforate, ovately conical, thin,
whitish horny, smooth, moderately polished, with faint subobsolete
vertical striation. (There is also, beneath the lens, a faint
indication of minute spiral striation, but I am not sure that this
is not an individual peculiarity.) Spire conical, apex acute, suture
impressed. Whorls 6, slightly convex, the last rounded at the
periphery and below, tadiately striated around the perforation.
Aperture nearly vertical, ovate, shorter than the spire. Peristome
thin, margins approaching each other, joined by a thin callus ; the
outer lip simple, the columellar slightly Se

“Length 47, diam. 3; length of aperture 2, breadth 1]
(Blanford.)

Hab, Andaman Is. (Anderson).

The author states that neither this species nor O. andersoni can
be confounded with the globose O. distermina with its costulate
striation near the suture and inside the umbilicus, its rounded
whorls, and its aperture equal in length to the spire.

mm.”

Di

560 TRUNCATELULID ©.

Family TRUNCATELLID.

Genus TRUNCATELLA, Lisso.

Truncatella, Risso, Hist. Nat. Alp. Marit. iv, 1826, p. 124; Lowe,
Zool. Journ. v, 1832, p. 299; Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. ii, 1846,
p. 177; id., Mon. Auric. Viv. 1856, p. 175; Adams, Gen. Rec.
Moll. ii, 1856, p. 310; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p.6;
Chenu, Man. Conchyl. i, 1859, p. 498; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 3; id., Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 11; Fischer, Man.
Conchy!. 1885, p. 751; Cooke, Cambridge Nat. Hist. ini, 1896,
p. 414.

Erpetometra, Lowe, Zool. Journ. v, 1852, p. 500.

Choristoma, Cristofori & Jan, Cat. Rer. Nat. Mus. Sect. 2a, part 1,
1832, p. 6.

Tyrer, Zruncatella levigata, Risso.

Range. Ceylon, Malaysia, Philippine Is., Japan, Arabia,
Morocco, Mascarene Is., Australia, New Caledonia, Polynesia,
Central America, West Indies, 8. Europe.

Shell subeylindrical, apex truncated, mammillate ; suture deep ;
aperture ovate, slightly acuminate on the dextral side ; peristome
continuous, reflexed. Operculum thin, corneous, nucleus basal.

555. Truncatella ceylanica, Pfeffer.

Truncatella ceylanica, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 536; id.,
Mon. Auric. Viv. 1856, p. 186; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858,
p- 7; Suppl. 2, 1865, p.5; Suppl. 3, 1875, p. 11; Nevill, Hand
List, 1878, p. 253; Kobelt & Moéllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges, xxix, 1897, p. 76; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 4.

Original description:—‘Tr. testa subrimata, attenuato-cylin-
dracea, striatula, pellucida, nitida, corneo-rufa vel flavescente ;
anfr. superst. 4, supremis 2 rotundatis, reliquis planioribus,
omnibus ad suturam plicato-crenatis, ultimo basi non compresso ;
apertura verticali, ampla, angulato-subovali; perist. continuo,
margine dextro tenui, expansiusculo, columellari leviter arcuato,
appresso.

‘Long. 6, diam. 2 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab, Ceylon.

ASSIMINEID, 361

Family ASSIMINEID A‘.

Genus ACMELLA, Llanford.

Acmella, Blanford, A. M. N. H. ser 4, iii, 1869, p. 178 (as subgenus of
Acicula); Nevill, Hand List,i, 1878, p. 251; Fischer, Man. Conchyl.
1885, p. 788: Cooke, Cambridge Nat. Hist. iii, 1895, p. 415;
Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898,
p- 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Typx, Cyclostoma tersum, Benson.

Range. India, Burma, Andaman and Nicobar Is., Comoro Is.,
Philippine Is., New Guinea, New Caledonia, Polynesia, Loo Choo
Archipelago and Hainan.

Shell corneous, subcylindraceous, subimperforate, striated longi-
tudinally. Peristome a little thickened, margins joined by a thin
callus. Operculum corneous, very thin, paucispiral; nucleus
sinistral.

556. Acmella hyalina, Theobald § Stoliczka.

Acmella hyalina, Theobald & Stoliczka, J. A.S. B. xli, part 2,
1872, p. 333, pl. 11, fig. 7; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 15; Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1876, p. xii;
Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 251.

Georissa (Acmella) hyalina, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pheum. Suppl. 3, 1876,
p. 298.

Acmella (s.s.) hyalina, Wobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 155; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Original description :—* Ac. testa ovato conica, modice perforata,
hyalina, sordide albida; spira obtusa; anfractibus 43 convexi-
usculis, sutura simplici et profunda junctis, ad suturam subtrun-
catis, leevigatis, ultimo spira paulo breviore, basi convexo ; apertura
regulariter ovata, supra (vel postice) subangulata, haud obliqua,
peristomate tenui fere continuo.

‘“‘ Long. 1, lat. 0°7 mm. (operculum deest).”

Hab. Burma: Moulmain (Stoliezka).

“Of the two known species of the genus, dA. ¢evsa and the
doubtful milium....... the present new form closely agrees in
the shape of the shell with the first, and in the smoothness of the
surface with the second.” (Zheobald § Stoliczka.)

557. Acmella mellilla, Godwin-Austen.

Acmella mellilla, Godwin-Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1895, p. 453,
text-fig. c.

Acmella (s. s.) mellilla, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

362 ASSIMINEID ®.

Original description : —“ Shell dextral, ovately turreted ;
sculpture oblique, fine, close costulation ; colour pale umber ;
spire depressedly conic; apex very blunt, suture impressed ;
whorls 5, sides flat ; aperture oval, subobiique ; peristome double,
with a strong callus on the body-whorl.

‘Maj. diam. 1°25, alt. axis 1°75 mm.” (Godwin-Austen.)

Hab. Andaman Is.: South Andaman (Jtoepstorf).

508. Acmella milium, Lenson.

Cyclostoma milium, Benson, A.M. N. H. ser. 2, xi, 1853, p. 285.

Cyclophorus milium, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1, 1854, p. 84; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. 11, 1855, p. 280.

Hydrocena mihum, Benson, A. M. N.H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 252;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 158.

? Cyathopoma milium, Blantord, A. M.N.H. ser. 4, iii, 1869,

p. 178. :
? Pupa plicidens, juv., Godwin-Austen, P.Z.S. 1872, p. 515, pl. 30,
(Bk

Acmella milium, Theobald & Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xli, 1872,
p- 3353; Kobelt & Méllendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges, xxx,
1898, p. 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Georissa milium, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 292.

Original description :—“ Testa aperte umbilicata, minutissima,
trochitormis, levigata, albida, spira conica, sutura profunda, apice
obtuso ; anfractibus 43 convexis, ultimo inflato rotundato; apertura
obliqua, diagonali, subcireulari; peristomate expansiusculo, wargine
recto acuto, integro, breviter adnato; umbilico margine angulato,
compressiusculo.

“Long 17, diam. vix 1 mill.” (Benson).

Hab. India: Musmai, near Cherrapoonjee, Assam.

This species and A. tersa were found by Benson in moss.

099. Acmella moreletiana, Nevill.

Acmella moreletiana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 251; Godwin-
Austen & Nevill, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 737, pl. 59, fig. 4.

Acmella (s. s.) moreletiana, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak. Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Original description: —“ Shell smaller than A. tersa, larger than
A, hyalina. Whorls fine [54], more convex than in either of the
above; the last whorl globosely rounded, with a much more open
umbilicus; sculpture round the umbilicus in a very characteristic
manner with regular distinct plications; beneath the suture, a
faint striation is discernible, by the aid of a lens.

‘Long. 2, diam. 14 mill.” (Wevill.)

Hab. Nicobar Is.: Batti Malve (Stoliczka).

060. Acmella roepstorfiana, Nevill.

Acmella roepstorfiiana, Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 251; Godwin-
Austen & Nevill, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1879, p. 737, pl. 59, fig. 5,

ACMELLA. 363

Acmella (s. 8.) roepstorfiana, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts.
Malak, Ges. xxx, 1898, p. 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Original description :—* Shell not quite so large as the preceding
[ A. tersa and A. hyalina], with less convex whorls, less globose
last whorl, and less open umbilicus; in these respects it is nearer
A. hyalina; the last whorl is, however, more produced and con-
tracted than in 4. hyalina. The sculpture differs altogether from
that of the other described species of the genus; it is throughout
regularly, closely, evenly striated, the striw incised and oblique-
excavated at the suture.

** Long. 14; diam. 1 mill.”

Hab. Nicobar Is. : Katchall (Stolizeka).

“The shell is of a silky, translucent and shining texture, with
5 almost cylindrically turreted whorls, the last a trifle compressed
at the periphery; the umbilicus is exceedingly narrow and partially
overlapped by the thickened peristome, which here and there,
under the lens, clearly shows a duplex character; the aperture is
very small, unusually broad in proportion to its height, and
almost circular, with the margins almost but not quite con-
tinuous.” (Nevill.)

551. Acmella tersa, Benson.

Cyclostoma tersum, Benson, A. M. N. H. ser. 2, xi, 1853, p. 285.

Cyclostomus tersus, Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. 1, 1854, p. 93; Adams,
Gen. Rec. Moll. ii, 1856, p. 291.

Hydrocena tersa, Benson, A. M.N. H. ser. 2, xvii, 1856, p. 232;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 158; id., op. cit.
Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 172.

Acicula (Acmella) tersa, Blanford, A.M.N.H. ser. 4, iii, 1869,
p; 178, pl. 16; fio. 2.

Acmella tersa, Theobald & Stoliezka, J. A.S. B. xli, 1872, p. 355 ;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 15; Hanley &
Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, pl. 117, fig. 1; Nevill, Hand List, 1,
1878, p. 251.

Georissa tersa, Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum, Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 292.

Acmella (s. s.) tersa, Kobelt & Mollendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak.
Ges, xxx, 1898, p. 153; id., Cat. Pneum. 1899, p. 73.

Original description: —“ Testa subperforata, minuta, ovato-conica,
albida, longitudinaliter (radiatim) sub lente striis exilissimis
eleganter insculpta; sutura impressa, apice obtusiusculo ; anfrac-
tibus 5 convexis ; apertura angulato-ovata, verticali, tertiam partem
teste equante; peristomate simplici, crassiusculo, marginibus
callo tenui junctis.

“ Diam. 1, long. 2 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. India: Musmai, near Cherrapoonjee, Khasi Hills, Assam.

This species and A, miliwm were found by Benson in moss.

564 HELICINID®.

Family HELICINID.

Genus HELICINA, Lamarck.

Helicina, Lamarck, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, v, 1804, p. 91 ; id.,
Hist. Nat. Anim.s. vert. vi, part 2, 1822, p. 102; Gray, Zool. Jjourn.i,
1824, p.62; Guilding, op. cit. ili, 1828, p. 528; Deshayes, Hist. Nat.
Anim, s, vert. (new ed.) vili, 1838, p. 153; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
1852, p. 338; id., Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 178; Chenu, Man. Conchyl.
1859, p. 495; Pfeiffer, op. cit. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 216; id.,
Suppl. 8, 1876, p. 248; Fischer, Man. Conchyl. 1885, p. 794;
Cooke, Cambridge Nat. Hist. iii, 1895, p. 410; Wagner, Denks.
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxvii, 1905, p. 212; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Helicinide, 1910, p. 269.

Typn, Helicina neritella, Lamarck.

Range. Intertropical America, Antilles, Seychelles, Burma,
Andaman and Nicobar Is., Malaysia, New Guinea, China, Japan.

Shell imperforate, turbinate, globular or depressed, base flattened
and callous; spire short, few-whorled; aperture triangular or
semi-ovate, entire: peristome simple, straight or thickened,
reflected, frequently dilated at the base; columella callous, straight;
operculum testaceous or corneous, semi-ovate.

Subgenus SULFURINA, Jollendorff.

Sulfurina (genus), Moéllendorff, Ber. Senck. Naturf. Ges. 18953,
p- 141; Wagner, Denks, Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lxxvu, 1905,
p- 371.
Typ, Helicina citrina, Gould.
Range. Andaman and Nicobar Is., Malaysia, New Guinea,
Polynesia.
Shell conical or depressed conoid, bright yellow when fresh,
rather thin ; aperture scarcely oblique; peristome little thickened,
reflexed.

562. Helicina behniana, Pfeiffer.

Helicina behniana, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859, p. 29; id., Mon.
Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 237; id., Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877,
p- 156; Nevill, Hand List, 1, 1878, p. 324. ;
Helicina (Pachystoma) behniana, Moérch, Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872
p- 318; id., op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p. 363.

Helicina behaniana, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1866, p. 281,
pl. 268, fig. 76; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xix, 1878; Helicina, pl. 5,
fie. 37,

HELICINA. 365

Sulfurina behniana, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss, Wien,
Ixxvii, 1905, p. 375, pl. 2, figs. 9a-9e; id., Conch.-Cab., Heli-
cinidae, 1907, p. 24, pl. 3, figs. 19-21.

Original description: —* T. conoideo-depressa, tenuiuscula, sub
lente leviter striatula, oleoso-micans,, flavida; spira regulariter
conoidea, acutiuscula; anfr. 43 vix convexiusculi, ultimus
peripheria subangulatus ; apertura obliqua, integra, triangulari-
semiovalis ; columella brevissima, subincrassata, callum emittens
tenuem, diffusum ; perist. sublate expansum, margine columellari
leviter arcuato. Operc. solidulum, concolor.

“ Diam, maj. 73, min. 53, alt. 43 mill.” ( Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Nieobar Is.: Sambelong, Pulo Panjang (Reinhardt) ;
Katchal (/toepstors).

563. Helicina bensoni, Wagner.

Sulfurina bensoni, Wagner, Conch.-Cab., Helicinide, 1907, p. 26,
pl. 4, figs. 1-3.

Original description (in German) :—* Shell small, conical, with
rounded base ; yellow-brown, with two white bands at suture and
keel; upper whorls light red-brown; the sculpture consists of
very fine radial lines of growth and a few spiral lines, almost
obliterated and only visible under a lens. The conical spire
consists of four flattened whorls, increasing slowly and regularly,
the last bluntly keeled, descending very little and slowly below
the keel; the bluntly triangular aperture is slightly oblique, the
peristome scarcely thickened and a little expanded ; the sinuosity
at the junction of the basal margin with the columella is slight,
the angle being distinctly visible. The rather thick basal callus is
distinctly circumscribed.

* Diam. maj. 3°6, min. 3°3, alt. 2°6 mm.

« Operculum vellowish-white on either side, with a rather thick,
finely granulated calcareous lamella and distinctly raised sigmoid
edge.” ( Wagner.)

Hab. Nicobar Is.

Stated to agree somewhat with the description of IZ. serupulum,
but smaller, while the two red bands above the periphery are
absent; the last whorl is decidedly bluntly keeled and the aperture
not lunate.

564. Helicina zelebori, Pfeiffer.

Hlelicina zeleZori, Pfeiffer, Verh, K. K. z00l.-bot. Ges, XVil, 1867,
p- 807; Pfeiffer, Mon, Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 247.

Pachystoma zelebori, Frauenfeld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot. Ges. arabe
1869, p. 879; Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 331.

Helecina (Pachystoma) zelebori, Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xxiv,
1876, p. 564.

Sulfurina zelebori, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
Ixxvii, 1905, p. 380, pl. 5, figs. 5 a-5e; id., Conch.-Cab., Heli-
cinidae, 1907, p. 82, pl. 5, figs, 1-8.

366 HELICINID®,

Original description :—<'T. parvula, conoidea, solida, levigata,
nitida, pallide straminea; spira breviter conoidea, vertice ob-
tusiusculo; sutura levis; anfr. 4 vix convexiusculi, ultimus latus,
subdepresso-rotundatus, subtus parum convexus, medio callo
concolore parum expanso munitus; columella brevissima, triangu-
laris; apertura obliqua, late semiovalis; perist. simplex, rectum,
margine basali cum columella angulum obtusum formante.

«Diam. maj. 42, min. 4, alt. 3 mm.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab, Nicobar Is. (Novara Expedition).

The species is compared by the author with Helieina pisum, Phil,
which it resembles, but from which it may be distinguished by the
rounded last whorl, thin peristome, etc. From //, nicobarica it is
said to differ in the higher spire, absence of keel, and the simple
straight peristome.

Var. amphibola, Wagner.
Sulfurina zelebori amphibola, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Ixxvii, 1905, p. 380, pl. 3, fig. 4; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Helicinidae, 1907, p. 52, pl. 5, fig. 4.

Original description (in German) :—‘ Shell conoid, yellowish-
corneous or brownish-yellow, frequently with dark apex and two
translucent dark bands on a milky-white clouded ground; the last
whorl is more rounded and descends more in front; the peristome
is more dilated and reflexed. Operculum typical.

“Diam. 5, height 3°38 mm.” (Wagner.)

Hab. Andaman Is.

The author states on several occasions he received this form
labelled ‘ /elicina scrupulum, Benson.’

Subgenus APHANOCONIA, Wagner.

Aphanoconia (genus), Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien,
Ixxvii, 1905, p. 888 ; id., Conch.-Cab., Helicinidae, 1910, p. 158 ;
Bourne, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1911, p. 762.

Typn, Helicina verecunda, Gould (1st species).

Range. Burma, Andaman and Nicobar Is., Seychelles, Malaysia,
Philippines, New Guinea, 8. China, Japan, Micronesia, Melanesia.

Shell small, conoid; peristome somewhat thickened, not reflexed
or slightly so; operculum triangular-rotundate with acute upper
angle ; sigmoid margin rather depressed and only slightly
S shaped.

565. Helicina andamanica, Benson.

Helicina andamanica, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 5, vi, 1860, p. 194 ;
Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 2, 1865, ty O44 ; Hanley &
Es aie Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 10; id., op. cit. 1876,
pax : Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p- 43; Nevill,
Band Tse i, 1878 p. 45 (+ var. minor).

HELICINA. 367

Aphanoconia andamanica, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, lxxvii, 1905, p. 406, pl. 6, figs. 11 a1] ¢; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Helicinidae, 1908, p. 177, pl. 54, figs. 11-18; Bourne, Proc.
Zool. Soc. 1911, pl. 41, tig. 65 (radula).

Original description :—* Testa sublenticulari, solidiuscula, striis
confertissimis sub lente decussata, rugis spiralibus obsoletis, subtus
magis conspicuis, munita, albida, superficie citrina, linea peripherica
rubente suturam sequente ornata ; spira convexo-conoidea, apice
obsolete mucronato, sutura lineari, marginata ; anfr. 43 planulatis,
ultimo acute compresso-carinato, subtus convexiusculo; apertura
obliqua, triangulari, albida, peristomate acuto, expansiusculo,
margine columellari brevi, sinuato, callum subcircularem emittente,
calli basi elevatiore, versus marginem aperture obtuse angulata.
Opereulo tenui, albido, medio obsolete granulato, intus lutescente.

“Diam. maj. 9, minor 74, axis 5 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Andaman Is. (Theobald).

Allied to H. nicobarica, Philippi, but larger.

566. Helicina arakanensis, Blanford.
Helicina arakanenss, Blanford, J. A.S.B, xxxiv, 1865, p. 85;
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1870, pl. 6, fig. 9; Theobald,
Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 48; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum.
Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 283 ; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 325.
Aphanoconia merguiensis aracanensis, Wagner, Denks. MKaiserl.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxvii, 1905, p. 402, pl. 6, figs. 7a, 76.

Original description :——* Shell depressly turbinate, sublenticular,
rather thin, obliquely striated above, radiately and very minutely
beneath, polished, flesh-coloured, with a darker red band in the
centre of the whorls above, and another on the last whorl, just
below the periphery; apex yellow. Spire convexly conoid; apex
acute. Whorls 4, the last compressed and sharply keeled,
moderately convex at the base, furnished with a polished sub-
granulate central callus; columella very short. Aperture diagonal,
triangular; peristome white, slightly expanded. Operculum
light grey, shelly, ae

“¢ Major diameter 6, minor 5, axis 34 millem.” (Blanford.)

Hab. Burma: Ramri Island, Coast of Arakan.

A smaller variety, measuring—major diameter 5, minor 41, axis
3 millim., is mentioned as being abundant in the southern portion
of the Bassein District.

Stated to be related to H. merguiensis, Pfr., and H. andamanica,
Bens., but smaller than either, mainly distinguished from the
former by the absence of the close spiral striation, so marked in
that species, and from the latter by different colouring, higher
spire, and closer sculpture.

While merging this species as a subspecies of H. merguiensis in
1905, Dr. Wagner subsequently reduced it to a synonym of
H. nicobarica*.

* Conch,-Cab., Helicinidae, 1908, p. 176.

368 HELICINID®.

567. Helicina dunkeri. Zelebor.

Helhcina dunkeri, Zelebor, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot. Ges. xvii, 1867,

808; Pfeiffer, Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 3, 1876, p. 285; id.,

Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877, p. 156; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878,
p. 324.

Pachystoma dunkert, Frauenfeld, Verh. K. K. zool.-bot. Ges, xix,
1869, p. 879; Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 331.

Helicina (Pachystoma) dunkeri, Morch, Journ. Conchyl. xxiv,
1876, pp. 365, 566.

Aphanoconia dunkert, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl. Akad, Wiss. Wien,
Ixxvii, 1905, p. 407, pl. 6, figs. 12a—-12¢; id., Conch.-Cab.,
Helicinidae, 1908, p. 179, pl. 34, figs. 14-19.

Original description :——** 1’. sublenticularis, carinata, solida,
confertissime capillaceo-striata, sericea, carnea, saturatius variegata ;
spira breviter conoidea, vertice minuto; sutura levis, marginata ;
anfr. 44 planiusculi, ultimus acute compresso-carinatus, basi
convexiusculus, levius striatus, medio callo crasso, albido, subeireum-
scripto munitus; apertura diagonalis, triangularis, ad carinam
subcanaliculata; perist. simplex, margine dextro anguste expanso,
basali reflexiusculo, cum columella brevissima, callosa angulum
distinctum formante.--Operculum solidum, margaritaceum.

“Diam. maj. 10, min. 9, alt. 5 mm.” (Zelebor.)

Hab. Nicobar Is.: Camorta and Preparis (Stoliczka).

Stated to be nearest to HH. rosaliw, a Philippine species, but
much larger, shining, the carina less pronounced, the peristome a
little more expanded, while there is no fold at the base of the

columella.

568. Helicina gratulata, Sowerby.
Helicina gratulata (Blanford), Sowerby, Thes, Conch. iii, 1866,
p- 295, pl. 278, fig. 457; Reeve, Conch. Icon. xix, 1873,
Helicina, pl. 11, fig. 96.

“Hel. testa trochiforme, straminea, spira subacuminata, anfracti-
bus convexiusculis; ultimo anfractu subcompresso, medio acute
carinato, supra infraque conyexo, columella tenui, obliqua, labio
externo tenuissimo.

‘Shell trochiform, straw coloured, spire subacuminated, whorls
rather convex; last whorl rather compressed, acutely keeled in
the middle, convex above and below, columella thin, oblique;
outer lip very thin.” (Jteeve.)

Diam. maj. 8-5, alt. 7 mm. (ex icon.).

Hab. Burma: Pegu.

569. Helicina merguiensis, Pfeiffer.

Helicina merguiensis, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1857, p. 111;
id., Mon. Pneuwm. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 216; Theobald, Cat. Shells

3rit. India, 1876, p. 43.
Aphanoconia merguiensis, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl, Akad. Wiss.
Wien, Ixxvii, 1905, p. 401, pl. 6, figs. Ga-6e; Bourne, Proc.
Zool. Soe. 191], pl. 35, fig. 27 (anatomy), pl. 42, fig. 64 (radula).
Original description :—“ T. depresse turbinata, tenuiuscula,
oblique striata et spiraliter confertissime sulcata, nitidula, carnea ;

HELICINA, 369

Spira conoidea, apice lutea, acutiuscula; antr. 43 planulati;
ultimus compresse et acute carinatus, basi modice convexus, callo
centrali nitido, granulato munitus; columella brevissima, basi
obsolete tuberculata; apertura diagonalis, triangularis ; perist.
album, breviter expansum, margine basali cum columella sub-
angulatim juncto.--Operc. margaritaceum.

“ Diam. maj. 73, min. 6%, alt. 4 mill.” (Pfeiffer.)

Hab. Burma: Mergui.

In his later work on the genus Helicina (Conch.-Cab. 1908,
p. 176) Wagner reduces H. merguiensis and H. arakanensis to
synonyms of /7. nicobarica.

570. Helicina nicobarica, Pfeiffer.

Helicina nicobarica (Philippi), Pfeiffer, Zeits. Malak. iv, 1847,
p- 149; id. Conch.-Cab., Helicinaceen, 1850, p. 62, pl. 2,
figs. 19-21; id., Cat. Phaneropn. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. 293; id.,
Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 402; Tryon, Amer. Journ. Conch. v,
1869, p. 111; Stoliczka, J. A.S. B, xxxix, part 2, 1870, p. 88;
Reeve, Conch. Icon. xix, 1873, Helicina, pl. 21, figs. 187 a,
187 b; Pfeiffer, Malak. Blatt. xxiv, 1877, p. 157; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 324.

Helicina nicobaricus, Sowerby, Thes. Conch. iii, 1866, p. 293,
pl. 276, figs. 881, 382.

Hlelicina (Pachystoma) nicobarica, Adams, Gen. Ree. Moll. ii,
1856, p. 304; Moérch, Journ. Conchyl. xx, 1872, p. 318; id.,
op. cit. xxiv, 1876, p. 365.

Aphanoconia merguiensis nicobarica, Wagner, Denks. Kaiserl.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixxvii, 1905, p. 402, pl. 6, figs. 5a—5e.,

Aphanoconia nicobarica, Wagner, Conch.-Cab., Helicina, 1908,
p. 176, pl. 34, figs. 20-22.

Original description :—* T. lenticuiaris, tenuiuseula, levigata,
nitidula, albida vel carnea, fasciis 1-2 angustis rubris plerumque
ornata ; spira brevis, obtusa; anfr. 4, planiusculi, ultimus acute
carinatus, basi convexior, interdum striis elevatis spiralibus
obsolete cinctus; apertura subobliqua, obtuse triangularis ; colu-
mella brevis, obsolete tuberculata; perist. acutum, brevissime
expansum ; callus basali nitidus, linea albida circumscriptus.——
Opere. tenue, carnenm.

* Diam. 53, alt. 34 mill.” (Pfetffer.)

Hab. Nicobar Islands (Philippi); Kar Nicobar and Batti Malve
(Stoliczka) ; Sambelang (Reinhardt); Katchal and Nancouri
(Roepstorf).

Nevill mentions a var. minor (? distinct species) from Batti
Malve, but gives no description or measurements.

Stoliczka (U.c.) was of opinion that H/. nicobarica might perhaps
be identical with H. scrupulum; the figures of the two forms do

not support this view.

571. Helicina rogersi, Bourne.
Aphanocoma rogersti, Bourne, P. Z. 8. 1911, p. 801, pl. 42, fig. 65
(radula), figs. 66-68 (shell), fig. 69 (operculum).

Original description :—* Shell oblately spheroidal, the surface
2B

370 HELICINID®.

marked with closely set radial growth-lines; colour light orange-
yellow marked with more or less distinct Treddish- yao n radial
bands; spire ‘of 44 whorls, increasing regularly and somewhat
rapidly in size, the last whorl obtusely keeled, thekeel produced into
a prominent angular projection at the peristome. Aperture semi-
lunar, very oblique, the outer margin thickened and expanded.
Basal callus not very thick, hardly differing in colour from the rest
of the shell, of rather small extent, its limits clearly defined above,
as well as below. The whole shell deeper in proportion to its
breadth than in A. andamanica and the spire more prominent.

“Opereulum yellowish white in colour, the calcareous plate
rather thin, the sigmoid curve pronounced, the upper angle
produced.

“Radula with small diamond-shaped median tooth; the first
admedian tooth more than twice as long as broad, the anterior
edge incurved and bearing four denticulations ; pecan and third
admedian teeth each with four denticulations; the lateral teeth
normal, the stalk rather long, the articular peeponias deep, the
aliform process bearing seven round denticulations.” (Bowrne.)

Hab. Andaman Is. (Jtogers).

572. Helicina scrupulum, Benson.

Helicina scrupulum, Benson, A. M.N.H. ser. 5, xii, 1868, p. 425
Hanley & Theobald, Conch. Ind. 1875, aie 133, figs. 8, 9:
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 43; Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 325.

Original description :—* H. testa parva, sublenticulari, crassi-
uscula, sublevigata, ‘vix nitidula, minutissime oblique striatula,
superne fuscescente, anfractu ultimo albido-cornea, supra peri-
pheriam fasciis 2 rufescentibus inferiore latiore ornata; spira
depresso-conoidea, apice obtuso, sutura lineari; anfractibus 43,
superioribus vix convexiusculis, ultimo obtuse angulato; apertura
obliqua, subtriangulari-lunata ; peristomate expanso, reflexiusculo,
marginibus callo magno inerassato subcirculari retrorsum expanso
polito junctis. Operculo tenui, albido.

“ Diam. 5, alt. 3 mill.” (Benson.)

Hab. Andaman Is.: Mt. Harriet, Andaman Is. (Nevill);
Nicobars? (Stoliezka).

APPENDIX. S71

APPENDIX.

The following figures, taken from specimens in the British
Museum, were omitted in the text :—

Fig. 41.—Cyathopoma filocinetum (p, 135).

Fig. 42.—Rhaphaulus blanfordi (p. 164).

The next two species have not hitherto been figured. Their
types, now in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt a/M.,
are represented on the two plates accompanying this volume,
reproduced from photographs kindly furnished by Dr. F. Haas,
who has charge of the Mollusca in that institution.

Leptopomoides valvatus (p. 21), Pl. I.
Alyceeus subhwmilis (p. 271), Pl. IT.

Dovustrun AND Spurtous Recorps.

Cyclostoma filosum, Sowerby, in Zoology, Capt. Beechey’s
Voyage in H.MS. ‘ Blossom,’ 1839, p. 146, pl. 38, fig. 31; id.,
Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 96, pl. 23, fig. 14.

Stated to have been brought from India, but not found since.

Cyclostoma (Cyclostomus?) gradatuwm, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soe.
1854, p. 303; id., Mon. Pneum. Suppl. 1, 1858, p. 115; Suppl. 2,
1865, p. 126; Suppl. 3, 1878, p. 173.

In his latest reference Pfeiffer reduces this to a synonym of

Bithynia marginata.
2B2

372 APPENDIX.

Cyclostoma planorbulum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, i, 1848, p. 110,
pl. 25, figs. 83-86.

Originally recorded from Bengal, but reduced to a synonym of
Cyclotus variegatus, Swains., a Philippine species, by Kobelt &
Millendorff, Nachr. Deuts. Malak. Ges. xxix, 1897, p. 117 ; id. Cat.
Pneum. 1899, p. 30.

Cyclostoma punctatum, Grateloup, Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xi,
1841, p. 440, pl. 3, fig. 10 ; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen,
1847, p. 40, pl. 5, figs. 12,13; id., Mon. Pneum. 1802, p. 67;
Kobelt, Das Tierreich, Lief. 16, 1902, p. 142.

Recorded from Ceylon by Grateloup. China was indicated as its
habitat by Pfeiffer on the authority of Sowerby. Kobelt gives
Hong Kong.

Cyclostoma tricarinata, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. s. vert. vi, 2,
1822, p. 144; Sowerby, Thes. Conch. i, 1843, p. 120, pl. 26,
fig. 122 (tricarinatum); Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1847,
p. 25, pl. 3, fig. 8 (not pl. 4, figs. 16, 17) ; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852,
p- 198 ; Suppl. 2, 1865, p. 125; Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 305.

Sowerby gave India as habitat, but Pfeiffer in 1865 (J.c.)
indicated Madagascar.

Cyclostoma undulatum, Sowerby, Thes. Conch, i, 1843, p. 99,
pl. 23, figs. 29, 30 ; Pfeiffer, Conch.-Cab., Cyclostomaceen, 1848,
p. 97, pl. 12, figs. 24-26; id., Mon. Pneum. 1852, p. 223;
Morelet, Ser. Conch. 1860, p. 100.

Originally recorded from Bengal by Sowerby. Pfeiffer in 1852
(1. c.) gave Mauritius as the habitat on the authority of Petit and
Benson.

Pterocyclus biciliatus, Mousson, Land- u. Siissw. Moll. Java,
1849, p. 49, pl. 20, fig. 9; Pfeiffer, Zeit. Malak. viii, 1851, p. 137;
Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 88; Nevill, Hand List,
i, 1878, p. 263.

Originally recorded from Java. Pfeiffer indicated Burma as its
habitat, but Borneo, given by Nevill and Theobald, is more likely to
be correct.

The following are nomina nuda :—

Leptopoma alticolum, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, ps o-

Leptopoma radicicolum, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum, Ceylon,
1871, p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Leptopoma setiferum, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p.5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 37.

Cyclophorus kandyanus, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 36.

APPENDIX. 373

Cyclophorus moerchianus (Roepstorf MS.), Godwin-Austen,
Proc. Zool. Soe. 1895, p. 452.

Cyclophorus recognitus, HW. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 4.

Micraulax asper, Theobald, Cat. -Shells Brit. India, 1876,
Addenda, p. i.

Cyathopoma alticolum, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Cyathopoma (Jerdonia) bicarinatum (Bedd.), G. Nevill, Hand
List, i, 1878, p. 259.

Cyathopoma kunurense (W. Blanf.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 38.

Prerocyclus zebrinus, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 38.

Mychopoma lauta (Bedd.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 39.

Cataulus leucostoma (Fow.), H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum.
Ceylon, 1871, p. 5; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 41.

Alyceus jawaiensis (Godwin-Austen), Theobald, Cat. Shells
Brit. India, 1876, p. 39.

Alyceeus scepticus (Blanford), Theobald, J. A. S. B. XXXil, 1863,
p. 377; Blanford, op. cit. xxxiv, 1865, p. 101 (4. ingrami, var.).

Nicida chr ysalidea, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon, 1871,
p. 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 42.

Nicida unicarinata, H. Nevill, Enum. Helic. Pneum. Ceylon,
1871, p, 6; Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India, 1876, p. 43.

Diplommatina glaber (W. Blanf.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 42.

Diplommatina politus (W. Blanf.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit.
India, 1876, p. 42.

Helicina croeea (Bens.), Theobald, Cat. Shells Brit. India,
1876, p. 43; G. Nevill, Hand List, i, 1878, p. 324.

CoRRIGENDA.

On p. 49: Cyclophorus inenkeanus, delete reference Reeve, Conch.
Icon.

On p. 63: Cyclophorus indicus, under Cyclostoma indicum, delete
reference Sowerby, Thes. Conch.

On p. 261, lines 32 and 33: for nongtunensis read nongtungensis.

On p. 301, line 30: for acutulus read acutula.
After line 29 add Subgenus DIPLOMMATINA, s. s

Shes ; ell
a cream <A ii ee lal

ee ae: Pela _ 1 alae ey
haath tay “0 athe oy, "AY ates, ale

Se Mie st dos AUR ay

ne J, eu
; ction ALL Wes ile eH ¢ wet vitlis ba tse: yt
vin 8E cane oie ati alt ale ce hla oe ke

: { ‘ i ia
. ae pale teeth, | weil. 0aes Hua ly 4 Mitt) AL 4 vom
Ps
agian iJ cgths dee ew oth AA ign,
i 5 2 at ae) a dy Tee Ly, "hoary ia ts tillage
tanh, AC). dite | Vung Sone

: ANN lu Rh ae

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

(All names printed in italies are synonyms.)

aborensis (Alyczeus), 223.

aborensis (Cyclophorus),
69.

aborensis (Pterocyclus),
98.

aborensis (Rhaphaulus),
163.

Acmella, 361.

acutula {(Diplomma-
tina), 301.

affinis (Cyclophorus), &8.

affinis, var. picta (Cyclo-
phorus), 8").

affinis (Diplommatina),
302.

akhaensis (Alyczeus),
286.

alabastrinum (Cyelo-
stoma), 69.

alabastrinus (Cyclo-
phorus), 69.

alabastrum ( Cyelo-

phorus), 69.
alba (Jerdonia), 131.
alherst (Cyclostoma), 98.
albersi (Pterocyclus), 98.
albescens (Cataulus),
172

(a.

albescens (Tortulosa),

nib (Cyathopoma),
131.

alticolum (Cyathopoma),
375.

alticolum (Leptopoma),

altivagus (Cyclophorus),
56

ALycz1ne, 198.
Alyceus, 204,

ambigua (Diplomma-
tina), 302.

amphibola (Helicina),
366.

amphora (Alyceus), 198.

amphora (Dioryx), 198.

anamallayana (Diplom-
matina), 290.

anamullayanum (Oya-
thopoma), 144.

anamullayana (Nicida),
290.

Anaulus, 162.

andamanie (Alyezus),
223.

andamanica (Aphano-
conia), 367.

andamanica (Helicina),
566.

andersoni (Omphalo-
tropis), 856.

andersoni (Pearsonia),
}12.

andersoni (Realia), 356.

andersoni. (Péerocyclus),
113.

andersont (Spiraculum),
112.

angulata (Diplomma-
tina), 302.

angulata (Palaiana), 303.

animula (Diplomma-
tina), 345.

Annularia, 69.

annulatum (Cyclostoma),
dl.

annulatum (Myxostoma),
32.

annulatus (Cyclophorus),

3l.

annulatus, var. ci/to-
poma (Cyclophorus),
34.
annulatus, va7. discus
(Theobaldius), 32.
annulatus, ver. nilgiri-
cus (Theobaldius), 52.
annulatus (Theobaldius),
31.
anonymus
205.
Aphanoconia, 366.
apicatum (Leptopoma), 2.

(Alyezus),

aracanensts (Aphano-
conia), 307.
arakanensis (Helicina),
367.

avakanensis (Pierocyclus),
109.
aratum
By
aratus (Cyclotus), 354.
armillatus (Alyezeus),
236.
artata (Pupina), 193.
artata, var. blanfordiana
(Pupina), 194.
artatum (Cyathopoma),
132.
arthriticus
phorus), 70.
artbritieus, var. ful-
gurans (Cyclophorus),
70.
arula (Pupina), 195.
asaluensis (Alyczeus), 257.
asper (Micraulaz), 373.
aspirans (Leptopoma), 3.
assamensis (Pearsonia),

113,

(Cyclostoma),

(Cyclo-

376

assamensis (Spiraculum),

assamica (Rhaphaulus), ©

assamicus (Rhaphaulus),

AssimInzeID&, 361.

ataranensis (Alyczeus),
237.

ater (Pterocyclus), 99.

atrosetosum (Cyatho-
poma), 132.

Aulopoma, 94.

aurantiaca (Annularia),
Tle

aurantiaca (Cyclostoma),
356.

aurantiaca (Hydrecena),
356.

aurantiaca (Omphalo-
tropis), 356.
aurantiaca (Realia), 356.

aurantiacum (Cyclo-
stoma), 71.

aurantiacus (Cyclo-
phorus), 71.

aurantiacus, var. alaba-

strinus (Cyclophorus),
70

aurantiacus, va. ander-
soni (Cyclophorus), 73.
aurantiacus, var. nevilli
(Cyclophorus), 72.
aurantiacus, var. perno-
bilis (Cyclophorus), 71.
aurantiacus, var. reevei
(Cyclophorus), 72.
aureus (Cataulus), \73.
aurea (Tortulosa), 173.
aurora (Cyclophorus), 57.
aurora (Cyclostoma), 57.
aurora, var. tryblium
(Cyclophorus), 68.
austeni (Diplommatina),
308.

austent (large var.)
(Diplommatina), 309.
austeniana (Tortulosa),
Wes
austenianus (Cataulus),
174.
austenianus
phorus), 73.
ave (Alyceus), 238.
avana (Pearsonia), 114.
avanum (Spiraculum),
114.
avanus
Is,
azaolanum (Cyelostoma),
5.

(Cyclo-

(Pterocyclus),

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

bairdi (Cyclophorus), 32.

bairdi (Cyclostoma), 32.

bairdi (Myxostoma), 32.

bairdi (Theobaldius), 32.

balteatus (Cyclophorus),
74.

bape uensis (Cyclophorus),
57.
barowliensis
205.
basisuleata (Scabrina), 27.
USESDIS I ( Cyclo-
phorus), 27
beddomeantm
poma), 138.
beddomeanus (Cyclo-
phorus), 74.
beddomei (Alyczus), 208.
beddomei (Cyclophorus),
24

(Alyczeus),

(Cyatho-

beddomei (Ditropis), 24.

beddomei (Pearsonia),
115.

beddomet (Pterocyclus),
Uy.

beddomet (Spiraculum),
115.

behaniana (Helicina), 364.

behniana (Helicina), 364.

behniana (Sulfurina),36o.

bela nger i (Cyclostomca),
356

belangeri (Hydrocena),
356.

belangert (Realia), 356.

bembex (Alyczeus), 275.

bensoni (Cyclophorus),
57.

bensoni, var.
phaloides
phorus), 58.

bensont (Cyclostoma), 57.

bensoni (Helicina), 365.

bensoni (Sulfurina), 865.

bhamoense (Spiraculum),
116.

bhamoensis (Pearsonia),
116.

bhamoensis (Pterocyclus),
116.

bhutanensis (Alycezeus),
224.

bicarinatun
poma), 373.

biciliatus (Pterocyclus),
372.

bicrenatus (Alyceeus), 238.

bifrons (Alyezeus), 239.

bifrons (Pterocyclus), 99.

bilabiatum (Cyclostoma),
100.

eryptom-
(Cyclo-

(Cyatho-

bilabiatus (Pterocyclus),
100.

bilabiatus, va7. conica
(Pterocyclus), 100.

bilirata (Craspedotropis),
15.

biliratus(Cyclophorus),15.
biliratus (Ditropis), 15.
binoye (Cyclophorus), 6.
binoyz (Japonia), 6.
birmanum (Cyclostoma),
79.
birmanum (Leptopoma),
5.
birmanus (Cyclophorus),
75

birugosus (Alyceus), 239,
birugosus, va7. minor
(Alyczeus), 240.
bitubifera (Pearsonia),
Lily
bitubiferum
culum), 117.
bitubiferus (Pterocyclus),
iste
blanfordi (Alyczeus), 206.
blanfordi (Cyathopoma),
133.

( Spira-

blanfordi (Pupina), 194.
blanfordi (Pupina), 197.
blanfordi (Rbaphaulus),
164, 571.
blanfordi, var. intubus
(Rhaphaulus), 165.
blanfordi, var. tortuosa
(Rhaphaulus), 165.
blanfordi, var. tubulus
(Rhaphaulus), 165.
ae io (Streptaulus),
164

blanfordi (Tortulosa),
174

blanfor diana (Diplom-
matina), 304.

blanfordianus (Cataucus),
175.

blennus (Otopoma), 191.

brahma (Alyceeus), 224.

brahmakundensis (Ptero-
cyclus), 101.

brevis (Omphalotropis),
357.

broune (Cyclophorus), 27.

broune (Seabrina), 27.

burrailensis (Alyczus),
276.

burroiensis
277.

burti (Alyczeus), 206.

burti, var. yetaiensis

(Alyceeus), 207.

(Alyceus),

burti (Diplommatina),
305.

busbyi (Alyceeus), 225.
butleri (Diplommatina),
305.

cadiseus (Cyclophorus),
33.

cadiscus (Myxostoma), 33.

cadiscus (Theobaldius),
33

cadivus ( Cyclophorus),
33.

caleadensis (Cataulus),
175.

caleadensis (Tortulosa),
175.

calpis (Helix), 164.

calpis (Macrochlamys),
164.

calpis (Nanina), 164.

calpis (Patula), 164.

calyx (Cyclophorus), 28.

calyx (Cyclostoma), 28.

calyx (Myzxostoma), 28.

calyx (Scabrina), 28.

eanaliculus (Alyczus),
225.

canarica (Diplomma-
tina), 345.

earneola (Diplomma-
tina), 346.

carreola (Diplommatina),
346.

earreola, var. (Diplom-
matina), 324, 32d.

catathymia (Diplomma-
tina), 290.

catathymia (Nicida), 290.

Cataulus, 172, 189.

cetra (Pterocyclus), 101.

ceylanica (Diplomma-
tina), 291.

ceylanica (Jerdonia), 138,
145.

ceylanica (Nicida), 291.

ceylanica (Truncatella),
360.

ceylanicum (Cyatho-
poma), 145.

ceylanicum (Cyclostoma),
46

ceylanicus (Cyclophorus),
46

Chamalyceeus, 223.
chanjukensis (Alyczus),
207.
Charax, 236.
charpentieri

phorus), 58.

(Cyclo-

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

charpentieri, var. nico-
barica (Cyelophorus),
5

chennelli
240.

chennelli (Diplomma-
tina), 306.

Choristoma, 361.

chrysalidea (Nicida), 373.

chrysalis (Anaulus), 160.

chrysalis (Cyclostoma),
165.

chrysalis (Megaloma-
stoma), 165.

chrysalis (Pollicaria), 166.

chrysalis (Rhaphaulus),
165.

cingalensis (Pterocyclus),
102.

clausum (Otopoma), 352.

Clostophis, 350.

celoconus (Cyclophorus),
29

(Alyczeus),

ceeloconus (Cyclostoma),
29,

eceloconus (Micraulax),
22.

colletti ( Cataulus), 176.

colletti (Cyathopoma),
146.

colletti (Tortulosa), 176.

comatus (Pterocyclus),
102.

comitis (Pterocyclus),
102.

commamaculatus (Cyclo-
phorus), 92.

commutata (Diplomma-
tina), 306.

commutatus
286.

compacta (Diplomma-
tina), 340.

concinna (Diplomma-
tina), 317.

congener ( Cataulus), 177.

congener (Tortulosa),
Wie

conicus (Alyczeus), 208.

conicus, var. nana (Aly-
ceeus), 208.

connectens (Cataulus),
LT:

connectens (Tortulosa),
Bie

conoideum
poma), 146.

constrictum (Cyclostoma),
277.

constrictus

277.

(Alyceeus),

(Cyatho-

(Alyceeus),

377
conulus (Craspedotropis),
19.

conulus (Cyclostoma), 19.
conulus (Leptopoma), 19.
conulus(Leptopomoides),

conyexa (Ditropis), 25.
convexus (Cyclophorus),

convoluta (Diplomma-
tina), 307.

coonoorense (Cyatho-
poma), 133.

Coptocheilus, 168.

Coptochilus, 168.

cornutus (Cyclophorus),
47.

cornu-venatorium (Aulo-
poma), 47, 96.

cornu-venatorium (Cyclo-
phorus), 47.

cornu-venatorium (Cyclo-
stoma), 47.

costata (Diplommatina),
307.

costatus (Alyceeus), 278.

costulata (Diplomma-
tina), 307.

costulata (Tortulosa),

ite

costulatus ( Cataulus), 177.

Craspedotropis, 15.

crassalabella (Cyclo-
phorus), 59.

cratera (Cyclophorus), 33.

cratera (Myxostoma), 33.

eratera (Sheobaldius),

crenatus (Alyczus), 241.

erenulatus (Alyczus),
242.

crispata (Diplommatina),
308

crispatus (Alycseus), 242.
erispatus (Alyceus),
237.
crispatus, var. makarse
(Alyceus), 243.
crispatus, var. minima
(Alyezeus), 243.
crispatus, var. rywuken-
sis (Alycxus), 244.
crocatus (Cyclophorus),
OI
crocatus (Trochus), 91.
crocatus (Turbo), 91.
croceu (Helicina), 378.
eryptomphalus (Oyclo-
phorus). 59.
cucullatus (Alyczus)
244.

318

cucullatus (Cyclophorus),
75.

cucullatus (Cyclostoma),
79.

cumingi ( Cataulus), 178.

cumingi (Pterocyclus),
1038.

cumingt, var. (Ptero-
cyclus), 109.

cumingi, var. troscheli
(Pterocyclus), 112.

cumingi (Tortulosa), 178.

cuspidata (Craspedo-
tropis), 16.

cuspidatum (Cyclostoma),
16.

cuspidatus (Cyeclophorus),
16

Cyathopoma, 150, 151.
CYATHOPOMATE®, 130.
cybeus (Cyclophorus),

cybeus (Leptopoma), 60.
Cyclohelix, 91.
Cychopnorip», |.
CycLornorins®, 1.
cyclophoroides (Ptero-
eyclus), 103.
cyclophoroides, var. sub-
luteola (Pterocyclus),
104.
Cyclophorus, 45.
Oyclophorus (subgenus),
OO.
Cycloryx, 275.
CycLoTes, 129.
Cyclotopsis, 552.
Cyclotus, 129.

cytopoma (Cyclophorus),
A:

cytopoma (Myxostoma),
34.

cytopoma (‘Theobaldius),
34.

daflaensis (Alyczus),
245.
daflaensis (Diplomma-

tina), 309.

daflaensis (Japonia), 7.

daflaensis (Lagocheilus),
Ue

dalingensis (Alyczeus),
246.

damsangensis (Alyceus),
246.

Dasytherion, 26.

dayvisi (Alyceus), 226.

deccanense (Cyatho-
poma), 134.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

deccanense (Opistho-
stoma), 296.

deccanianum
poma), 134.

decora (‘Tortulosa), 179.

decorosa(Diplommatina),
309.

decorus (Cataulus), 179.

decussata (Realia), 358.

dekkanense(Cyathopoma),
134.

dekkanense (Opistho-
stoma), 296.

dekoyense (Cyathopoma),
188.

( Cyatho-

delectabilis (Diplomma-
tina), 291.

delectabilis (Nicida),
291.

delicata (Diplommatina),

346.

denselineatum (Cyclo-
stoma), 92.
denselineatus (Cyclo-

phorus), 92.

deplanatum (Cyclostona),
35.

deplanatum (Myxostoma),
35.

deplanatus (Cyclophorus),

3d.
deplanatus(Theobaldius),
iB):

depressa(Diplommatina),
310

diagonius (Alyczeus), 247.

Dicharax, 286.

dickoyense { Cyathopoma),
138.

dickoyensis (Jerdonia),
158.

dickroyense (Cyatho-
poma), 138.

difficilis (Alyceeus), 278.

digitatus (Alyczeus), 248.

dikrangensis (Alyczeus),
209)

Dioryx, 198.

diplochilus (Diplomma-
tina), 311.

Diplommatina, 501.

Dirrommatin&, 289.

Diplopterum, 126.

distermina (Omphalo-
tropis), 307.

distermina (Realia),
307.
distineta (Diplomma-

tina), 540,
distinetus (Alyezus),
226.

distortum (Opistho-
stoma), 297.

Ditropis, 28.

dohertyi (Alycseus), 248.

dohertyi(Diplommatina),
od].

domuneula (Diplomma-
tina), 311.

dunkeri (Aphanoconia),
368.
dunkeri (Helicina), 368.
dunkeri (Pachystoma),
368.
duoculmen (Alyecxus),
286.
duorugosus (Alyczus),
249:

duplicata (Tortulosa),
179.
duplicatus (Cataulus),
179. 4
edei (Alycxus), 227.
edentula(Diplommatina),
312.
elatum
146.
elatum ( Cyclostoma), 4.
elatum (Leptopoma), 4.
elegans (Alyczeus), 279.
elongata(Diplommatina),
312.
Erpetometra, 361.
Eucataulus, 172.
Eucyclophorus, 88.
Euponatias, 161.
Hupupina, 1938.
euryptrema (Cataulus),
180.

(Cyathopoma),

eurytrema (Cataulus),
180.

eurytrema (‘Tortulosa),
180.

excellens (Cyclophorus),
76.

excellens ( Cyclostoma). 76.

exilis (Diplommatina),
315.

exilis, var. exrserta (Di-
plommatina), 314.

eximius (Cyclophorus),
85.

expansum (Cyclostoma),
fie

expansus (Cyclophorus),
idle

expatriatus (Alyceeus),
249.

exserta (Diplommatina),
3514.
exul

60,

(Cyclophorus),

Sairbanki (Diplomma-
tina), 291.

fairbanki (Nieida), 291.

fairbanki (Opisthostoma),
298.

fair ag
127

fair Hai (Pterocyclus),
127.

(Pearsonia),

Jairbanki (Spiraculum),
12

fallax (Diplommatina),
314.

ore (Pterocyclus),
O4.

iat (Alyceus),

feddenianus
199.

filocinctum (Cyatho-
poma), 135, 371.

Jjilocinctum (Cyclostoma),
135.

Jjilocinctus ( Cyclotus), 135.

filosum(Cyclostoma),371,.

fimbriata (Craspedo-
tropis), 17.

fuee zatus ( Cyclophorus),

fe

(Dioryx),

jlammeum (Cyclostoma),
19:

Hammeum (Leptopoma),
19.

jlammeus ( Cyclophorus),
19

flammeus (Leptopo-
moides), 19.

flavilabris(Cyclophorus),
78.

flavilabris, var. arthriticus
(Cyclophorus), 70.

flavilabris, var. serrati-
zona (Cyclophorus), 77.

foliacea (Leucoptychia),
92.

Soliacea (Otopoma), 92.

Joliacewm (Cye lostoma),
e 92.

foliaceus (Cyclophorus),
92.

foliaceus (Turbo), 92.

folliculus (Bulimus), 314.

folliculus (Diplomma-
tina), 314.

footei (Alyezeus), 251.

frumentum (Diplomina-
tina), 319.

Sulguratum (Cyclostoma),

Ol.

fuleuratus(Cyclophorus),
61, 66

ALPHABELICAL INDEX.

fulguratus, var. rangu-
nensis (Cyclophorus),
62.

fultoni (Cyclopborus), 78.

Juniculatum — (Copto-
chilus), 169. '
Suniculatum (Cyclo-

stoma), 169.
funiculatum (Megaloma-
stoma), 169.
funiculatum (Schisto-
loma), 169.
fuscicolor (Cyclophorus),
2

ae

galathee (Cyclophorus),7

galathex (Japonia), 7

galathee (Lagocheilus), 7.

galathee (Leptopoma), 7

garoense (Cyathopoma),
155.

garoensis (Diplomma-
tina). 315.

Gastroptychia, 549.

gemma (Alyceeus), 252.

gemmula (Alyczus), 252.

generosus (Alyczus),
27 e

gibberosa (Diplomma-
tina), 316.

gibbosa (Diplommatina),
316.

glaber (Alyczeus), 253.

glaber (Diplommatina),
373.

globulosus (Alyceus),
200.

zlobulosus (Dioryx), 200.

globulus (Alyezeus), 204.

Glossostylus, 56.

godwini ( Diplommatina),
317.

gordoni (Cyclotus), 130.

gordoni (Opisthoporus),
130.

cs dont (Procyclotus),

150.

gordoni (Pterocyclus),
150.

gordoni (Spiraculum),
130.

gracilis (Diplommatina),
347.

gradatum (Cyclostoma),

grande (Aulopoma), 95.

grande ( Cyclostoma), 99.

grandis (Pomatias), 158.

grandis (Pseudopo-
matias), 158.

granum (Alyceus), 279.

379

granum, var. major
(Alyceus), 282.

graphiarius (Alyeseus),
280.

graphicus (Alyezeus),
280.

graphicus, var. (Alyceus),
278, 280, 283

graphicus, var. dihin-
gensis (Alyczus), 281.

gqraphicus, yar. minor
(Alyceus), 282.

graphicus, var. variabilis
(Alyexus), 281.

gratulata (Helicina),
368.

gravida (Hybocystis),
191

gravida (Pollicaria), 191.

gravidum (Megaloma-
stoma), 191.

greent (Cataulus), 180.

greeni (Tortulosa), 180.

greeni, var. robusta
(Tortulosa), 181.

gregarius (Cataulus),
189.

habiangensis (Alyceus),
254.

heemastoma (‘Tortulosa),
181.

hemastomus (Cataulus),

Hainesia, 190.
halophilum (Cyclostoma),
20.

halophilum (Leptopoma),
20.
aes (Cyclophorus),

halophilus (Leptopo-
moides), 20.

haughtoni(Cyclopborus),
79.

haughtoni, var. phayrei
(Cyclophorus), 83.

haughtoni, var. picta
(Cyclophorus), 89.

haughtoni (Pterocyclus),
128.

haughtoni (Rhiostoma),
128.

hebes (Alyczeus), 255.

Helicina, 364.

He ticrinip®, 364.

helicinum (Aulopoma),
95.

helicinum (Cyclosioma),
95:

helicinus (Turbo), 95,

380

henzadaensis (Diplom-
matina), 318.

himalaye (Pomatias),\59.

himalayz (Pseudo-
pomatias), 159.

himalayana, var. stenom-
phalus (Cyclophorus),
67.

himalayana (Pomatias),

159.

himalayanum (Cyclo-
stoma), 63.
himalayanus (Cyclo-

phorus), 63.

hinduorum (Cyclostoma),
352,

hinduorum (Otopoma),
352.

hirsutum ( Cyathopoma),
155.

hirsutum (Mychopoma),
155.

hispida (Pearsonia), 118.

hispidula (Seabrina), 29.

hispidulum (Myxostoma),
29.

hispidulus (Cyclophorus),

29.

hispidum (Spiraculum),
118.

pens (Péerocyclus),
11

ee (Aulopoma),
96.

homei (Diplommatina),
318.

humilis (Alyezus), 255.

hungerfordiana(Pupina),
194.

huttoni (Diplommatina),
319.

hyalina (Acmella), 361.

hyalina (Georissa), 361.

Hybocystis, 190.

Hydrocena, 355.

imbricifera (Pupina),195.

immaculatum (Cyclo-
stoma), 4.

immaculatum (Lepto-
poma), 4

immaculatus (Turbo), 4

imperforatum (Cyatho-
poma), 147.

indicum (Cyclostoma), 46,
63.

indicus (Cyclophorus),
63.

inflatus (Alyceeus), 227

inglisiana (Scabrina), 30.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

inglisian um (Myzostoma),
30.

inglistanus (Cyclophorus),
30,

ingrami (Alyczus), 228.

ingrami, var. (Alyceus),
226, 238.

mngraiu, var. nagaensis
(Alyceus), 226, 229,
230.

innocens (Cyathopoma),
147.

insignis (Diplommatina),
349.

insignis (Gastroptychia),
349.

insignis (Pawillus), 349.

insignis (Pterocyelus),
105.

insignis, var. planor-
bioides (Pterocyelus),
105.

involvulus (Cyclo-
phorus), 47.

envolvulus, var. menkeana
(Cyclophorus), 49.

involvulus ( Cyclostoma),
47.

involvulus (Helix), 47.

irroratum (Cyclostoma),

itieri (Aulopoma), 96.

itieri, var. hotmeisteri
(Aulopoma), 96.

itiert (Cyclostoma), 96.

jaintiaca (Diplomma-
tina), 320.

jaintiacus
256.

jaintiacus, var.
(Alycseus), 2

Japonia, 6.

japvoensis (Diplomma-
tina), 341.

jatingana (Diplomma-
tina), 320.

jawaiense (Cyathopoma),
154.

Jawaiensis (Alyceus), 373.

jerdoni (Cyclophorus),

48.

(Alyczeus),

crassa

jerdoni (Cyclostoma), 48.
Jerdonia, 144.

kalkadensis (Cataulus),
175.

kalryenense (Cyatho-
poma), 135.

kalr Yenensts (Cyclotus),
135

kamakiaensis (Alyceeus),

209:

kanarica (Diplomma-
tina), 345.

kandyanus (Cyelo-
phorus), 372.

kempi (Pearsonia),
Lil).

kempi (Spiraculum), 119.

kentungensis (Alycus),
287.

kezamaensis (Alyczeus),
258.

khasiacus (Alyczeus),
257.
khasiacus (Alyceus),
260.

khasiensis (Cyclophorus),
80

khunhoensis (Alyczus),
29

khunhoensis (Diplomma-
tina), 341.

kingiana (Diplomma-
tina), 292.

kingiana (Nicida), 292.

koboensis (Cyciophorus),
64.

kolamallayense (Mycho-
poma), 156.

kolamulliensis (Cyatho-
poma), 136.

kolamulliensis (Cyclotus),

kolamulliensts (Jerdonia,
136.

kunurense (Cyathopoma)
378.

kurzianus (Alyczeus),
258.

labiosa (Diplommatina),
orAlln,-

labrirubidum (Alyceus),
200.

labrirubidum (Dioryx),
200

leve (Cyclostoma), 4.

levis (Turbo), 4.

Lagocheilus, 6.

Lagochilus, 6.

lahupaensis (Alyczus),
287.

lankaensis (Diplomma-
tina), 292.

lankaensis (Nicida), 292

lapillus (Diplommatina),
342.

latilabre (Cyathopoma),

137.

lauta (Mychopoma), 373.

layardi (Cataulus), 182.

layardi (Cyclophorus),
nalay, S10)

layardi (Megaloma-
stoma), 182.

layardi (Myxostoma),
35

layardi (Pupina), 182.
layardi (Theobaldius),
39.
layardi (‘Tortulosa), 182.
leai (Cyclophorus), 93.
leai ( Cyclostoma), 93.
leai (Leucoptychia), 93.
lectus (Alyczeus), 259.
lenticulus (Alycsus),
259.
leporina (Japonia), 8.
leporinus (Cyclophorus),
8

leporinus (Lagocheilus),
8.

leptomita (Cyathopoma),
138.

Leptopoma, I.

Leptopomatoides, 18.

Leptopomoides, 18.

leucostoma (Cataulus),
378.

levigata (Diplommatina),
322.

levis (Alyceeus), 209.

liliputiana (Cyclophorus),
36

liliputianus (Theobald-
ius), 36.

limbiferum(Cyathopoma),
156.

limbiferum (Lagochilus),
156.

limbiferum (Mycho-
poma), 156.

limitanea (Pupina), 196.

liratula(Cyelophorus),49.

liricineta(Diplommatina),
293.

liricincta (Nicida), 293.

Litostylus, 46.

logtakensis (Alyczeus),
210.

lohitensis (Alyezeus), 210.

lowi (Cyclophorus), 71.

loxostoma (Theobaldius),
36.

loxostomum (Cyclostoma),
36.

lorostomus (Cyclophorus),
36.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
luyorensis (Alyczeus),
288

luyorensis (Pearsonia),
119.

luyorensis (Pseudopoma-
tias), 159.

luyorensis (Rhaphaulus),
166.

luyorensis (Spiraculum),

€

luyorensis (Streptaulus),
166.

macgregori (Alyczeus),
229.

macrostoma (Opistho-
stoma), 299.

maculata (Cyclostoma),

maculatum (Leptopoma),

maculosa (Cyclostoma),
Ny Wil
maculosa (Dermatocera),

5.

maculosum (Cyclostoma),
37.

maculosus (Cyclophorus),
Se

ol.
maculosus (Theobal-
dius), 37.
magnificus
288.
magnus (Alyezxus), 210.
magnus (Pterocyclus),
105.
makarse (Alyceus), 243.

(Alyczeus),

malabaricum (Cyatho-
poma), 148.
muilabaricus (Cyclotus),

148.
malayanum (Cyclostoma),
80.

malayanus(Cyclophorus),
80.

malayanus (Cyclophorus),
US Cex

malbaricum
poma), 148.

malleata (Japonia), 8.

malleatum ( Cyathopoma),
8.

malleatum (Lagochiius),
8.

malleatum (Leptopoma),
8.

malleatus {Cyclophorus),

(Cyatho-

malleatus (Leptopo-
moides), 8.

381

mangutensis (Alyczeus),

margarita (Alyceeus), 211.

margarita (Alyceus), 233.

marginata (‘Tortulosa),
183.

marginata, var, crenulata
(Tortulosa), 183.

marginata, var. notata
(Tortulosa), 183.

marginatus (Cataulus),
183.

mari (Cyathopoma),
138.

marion (Pterocyclus),
106.
mastersi (Pearsonia), 120.
mastersi (Pterocyclus),
120.

mastersi (Spiraculum),
120.

Megalomastoma, 168.

Megalostoma, 168.

mellilla (Aemella), 361.

menkeanum (Cyclostoma),
4¢

menkeanus (Cyclo-
phorus), 49.
menkeanus (Cyclophorus),

46.

merguiensis (Aphano-

conia), 867, 3868, 369.

merguiensis (Helicina),
368.

Mesostoma, 198.
Metadiancta, 339.
Micraulax, 22.
microstoma (Alyceus),
233.
milium (Acmella), 362.
milium (Cyathopoma),
362.
milium
362.
miliwm
362.
milium (Georissa), 362.
milium (Hydrocena), 362.
minima (Diplommatina),
323.
minima (Pearsonia), 121.
minimum (Spiraculun),
5)

(Cyclophorus),

(Cyclostoma),

miriensis (Diplomma-

tina), 342.

miriensis (Pterocyclus),
107.

miriensis (Rhaphaulus),
167.

miriensis
167.

(Streptaulus),

382

moerchianus (Cyclo-
phorus), 373.

montana (Cyclotopsis),
302.

montanum (Cyclostoma),
352.

montanus (Alyczeus), 229.

montanus ( Cyclotus), 302.

moreletiana (Acmella)
362.
mucronata (Diplomma-

tina), 343.
multicostatus (Alyczeus),
282.
multirugosus (Alyczeus),
260.

mundulus (Alyczeus),
212.
munipurensis (Diplom-

matina), 328.
muspratti (Alyczus), 289.
muspratti (Cyclophorus),

Ao:
mutatus (Alyczeus), 260.
Mychopoma, 15d.

nagaense (Spiraculum),
122.

nagaensis (Alyczeus),
250.

nagaensis (Cyclophorus),
50.

nagaensis (Pearsonia),
129
ads
nana (Diplommatina),
324,

nanus (Pterocyclus), 107.

nanus, var, applanata
(Pterocyelus), 108.

nanus, var. reflexilabris
(Pterocyelus), 108.

natalicium (Cyathopoma),
149.

nattoungensis (Alyczus),
212.

neglectus (Alyczeus), 261

nengloensis (Diplomma-
tina), 343.

nevilli (Cataulus), 184.

nevilli (Cyathopoma),
154.

nevilli (Pearsonia), 122

nevilli (Pterocyclus), 123.

nevilli ( Spiraculum), 122.

nevilli (Tortulosa), 154.

nevilli, var. flaveola
(Tortulosa), 184.

Nicida, 289.

nicobarica (Aphanoconia),

369.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

nicobarica
tina), d24.

nicobariea, var. battemal-
vensis (Diplommatina),
320.

nicobarica (Helicina),
569.

nicobarica (Pupina), 196.

nicobaricum (Registoma),
196.

(Diplomma-

nicobaricus (Alyceus),
2\7.
nicobaricus (Cyclo-

phorus), 98.
nietnert (Cataulus), 184.
nietneri (Tortulosa), 184.
nietneri, var. caperata
(Lortulosa), 185.
nietneri, var. unicolor
(Lortulosa), 185.
nilagiricum ( Cyclostoma),
nilagiricus(Cyclophorus),
ol.
nilgirica (Arinia), 293.
nilgirica ( Diplommatina),

293.
nilgirica (Nicida), 293.
nilgiricum (Opistho-

stoma), 300.
nilgars icus (Cyclophorus),
aie

nitidula (Diplommatina),
294.

nitidula (Nicida), 294

nitidum ier ee
149:

nitidus (Alyczeus), 230

nivicola (Cyclophorus),
37.

nivicola
oT.

Nodopomatias, 161.

nongtungensis (Alyczeus),
261.

notatus (Alyczus), 262.

notus (Alyezeus), 262.

nowgongensis (Alyczeus),
213.

(Theobaldius),

oakesi (Alyceeus), 289

oakest (Cyelophor us), 38.

oakesi (Hupomatias),
i6l.

oakesi (Japonia), 9.

oakest (Lagocheilus), 9.

oakesi (Nodopomatias),
161.

oakesi (Pearsonia), 124,

oakesi (Rhaphaulus),
167.

oakesi (Spiraculwm), 124.

oakesi (Theobaldius), 38.

obscurus (Alyczeus), 265.

occidentalis (Diplomma-
tina), 319.

occulta (Japonia), 9.

occultus (Lagochilus), 9

ochraceus (Alyczeus),
263.

ogdenianum (Cyatho-
poma), 150.

oglei (Alyczus), 213.

oligopleuris (Diplomma-
tina), 325.

omissus (Alyczeus), 281.

Omphalotropis, 335.

ophis (Cyclophorus),
sl.

Opisthostoma, 296.

orites (Cyclophorus), 88,

orites (Theobaldius), 38.

orophilum (Cyclophorus),
20.

orophilum (Leptopoma),
20.

orophilus (Cyclostoma),
2

orophilus (epioee:
moides), 2

Or thalyceus : ot 223.

otiphorus (Alyczeus),
283.

otiphorus, var. (Alyceus),
282.

Otopoma, 351.

ovatum (Cyathopoma),
139.

oviformis (Diplomma-

tina), 326.

pachitaensis
264.

pachychilus (Diplomma-
tina), 327.

pachysiphon (Rhaphau-
lus), 167.

pallida (Realia), 359.

(Alyezeus),

panggianus (Alyczus),
13.

pappensis (Diplomma-
tina), 329.

parapsis (Cyclophorus),
39.

parapsis (Myxostoma),
39.

parapsis (Theobaldius),

parma (Cyclophorus), 39.
parina (Myxostoma), 39.
parma (Theobaldius), 59,

parvula (Diplommatina),
27

parvum (Spiraculuin),
parvus (Pterocyclus),

OO.
parvus, var. assamensis,
(Pteroeyclus), 109.
parvus, var, arakanensis
(Pterocyclus), 109.
patens (Oyclophorus), 64.
paucicostatus (Alyceus),
283.

pauperculuim (Coptocha-
dus), 170.
pauperculum (Cyclo-

stoma), 170.
pauperculum (Megaloma-
stoma), 170.
pauperculum (Sehisto-
loma), 170.
Paxillus, 349.
pealianus (Cycluphorus),

pearsoni (Cyclophorus),
65.

pearsoni, var. fuscicolor
(Cyclophorus), 66,

pearsoni, var, subalabas-

trum (Cyclophorus),
66.

pearsoni (Cyclostoma),
5

Pearsonia, 112.

pedronis (Diplommatina),
294.

pedronis (Nicida), 294.

pegquense (Pomatias), 160.

peguensis (Pseudopoma-
tias), 160.

peguensis (Pupina), 197.

peilei (Alyczeus), 264.

peilei (Cyathopoma),
140.
pereonoideum (Cyatho-

poma), 150.
perdix (Cyclophorus), 82.
perdix, var. roepstorfiana
(Cyclophorus). 83.
perdix (Cyclostoma), 82,
83

pernobilis (Cyclophorus),
CUS.

pernobilis
71.

perobesa (Diplomma-
tina), 343.

perplexus (Alyezus), 214.

pfeifferi,( Cyclotus), 354.

phenotopicum (Cyclo-
stoma), 40.

( Cyclostoma),

ALPHABETICAL INDEX,

phenotopicum (Myo-
sfoma), 40.
phenotopicus — (Cyclo-

phorus), 40.
pheenotopicus (Theo-
baldius), 40.
phayrec! Cyclophorus), 10.
phayrei (Cyclophorus),
phayrei, var. noetlingi
(Cyclophorus), 83.
phayrei (Japonia), 10.
phayret (Jerdonia), 10.
phayrei (Lagochilus), 10.
phayret (Mychopoma), 10.
physis (Alyceeus), 251.
picta (Steganotoma), 110.
pictus (Pterocyclos), 110.
pingoungensis (Alyceus),
5)
pingoungensis (Dioryx),
200.
pinnulifer ( Cyclophorus),
30.
pinnulifer (Myxostoma),
él.

pinnulifera (Scabrina),
30.

pirrieanum (Cyclostoma),
ol.

pirrieanus (Cyclophorus),
51.

plana (Pearsonia), 124.

planorhis (Cyclophorus),
20.

planorbis (Ditropis), 20.

planorbulum — (Cyclo-
stoma), 372.

planum (Spiraculum),

2.

plectochilus (Alyczeus),
264.

pleurophorus (Bulimus),
160.

pleurophorus (Pomatias),
160.

pleurophorus (Pseudo-
pomatias), 160.

plicidens (Pupa), 362.

peciloneurus (Cyclo-
phorus), 52.

peeciloneurus, var. aureo-
labris (Cyclophorus),
50.

pecilum (Leptopoma), 21.

pecilus (Cyclophorus), 21.

peecilus (Leptopomoides),
21.

politus (Alyezeus), 214.

politus (Diplommatina),

ao.

383

pollex (Cyclostoma), 191.

pollex (Pollicaria), 191.

Pollicaria, 190.

Pollicaria, 162.

polygonoma (Alyezus),
265.

polynema (Cyclophorus),
53,

polynema, var. jerdoni

( Cyclophorus), 48.
polynema (Japonia), 10.
poly vee (Lagocheilus),

polynema (Leptopona),
10

polypleuris (Diplomma-
tina), 328.

Pomatias, 158.

porpbyreticus
phorus), 83.

porphyriticum (Cyclo-
stoma), 83.

prestont (Cataulus), 185.

prestoni (Cyathopoma),
140.

(Cyclo-

prestont (Diplommatina),
295.
prestoni (Nicida), 295.
prestoni (Tortulosa), 185,
princepi (Pterocyclus),
8.

princepst ( Pterocyclus),
Oo.

princepst (Steganotoma),
118.

procerum (Cyathopoma),
150.

prosectus (Alyezus),
266.

pseudocumingi (Ptero-
eyclus), 109,

Pseudojerdonia, 153.

Pseudopomatias, 158.

Pseudospiraculum, 126,

Pterocyclus, 97.

pullatus (Pterocyclus),
L09.

pullula (Diplommatina),
328.

pulneyana (Diplomma-
tina), 29d.

pulneyana (Nicida), 295,

punctatum ( Cyclostoma),
89, 372.

punctatus (Cyclophorus),
89.

punctatus (Pterocyclos),
89.

pupzeformis “(Diplomma-
tina), 329.

Pupina, 192,

384

Purinex, 192.

PurrinE.uex, 158.

Pourrnin»”, 158.

puppensis (Diplomma-
tina), 329.

pusillus (Alycseus), 215.

pusillus (Alyceus), 212.

putaoensis (Pearsonia),
125.

putaoensis (Spiraculam),
125.

pyramidalis (Alyczeus),
216.

pyramidata (Tortulosa),

pyramidatus (Cataulus),
186.

pyrotrema
phorus), 54.

(Cyclo-

radicicolum (Leptopoma),
GiA9)
vla-

Raptomphalus, 285.

ravidum ( Cyclostoma),
41.

ravidum (Myxostoma),

ravidus (Cyclophorus),
ravidus (Theobaldius),

Realia, 355, 358.

rechilaensis (Alyceeus),
267.

recognitus ( Cyclophorus),
373.

recurvata (Tortulosa),
186.

recurvatus (Cataulus),
186.

Regestoma, 192.

Registoma, 192.

regularis (Diplomma-
tina), 380.

reinbardti (Alyczeus),
216.

Rhaphaulus, 162.

Rhegistoma, 192.

Rhegostoma, 192.

Rhexistoma, 192.

Rhiostoma, 127.

richthofeni (Alyczeus),
268.

richthofeni (Diplomma-
tina), 331.

roepstor ffi (Lagocheilus),
11

roepstorfi (Japonia), 11.
roepstorfiana (Acmella),
362.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

roepstorfianum (Lepto-
poma), 5.

roepstorfianum, va7. nico-
barica (Leptopoma), 5.

rogersit (Aphanoconia),
369.

rogersi (Helicina), 369.

rotundatus (Alyczus),
»

rubinus (Alyczeus), 217.

rugosa (‘Tortulosa), 187.

rugosus (Alyczeus), 268.

rugosus (Cataulus), 187.

rupestris (Pterocyclus),
110.

rupestris, va. puriensis
(Pterocyelus), 111.

rupestris (Spiraculum),
110.

rusticum (Cyclostoma),
304.

salemensis (Cyclophorus),
18.

salemensis (Craspedo-
tropis), 18.

salemensis (Ditropis),
18.

salewiniana (Diplomma-
lind), 632.

Salpingophorus, 69.

saltuensis (Diplomma-
tina), 351.

salwiniana (Diplomma-
tina), 332.

salwiniana, var. pup@-
Jormis (Diplommatina),
329.

sandowayensis (Alyczeus),
232.

sankeyi
3900.

scaber (Cyclophorus), 22.

scaber (Micraulax), 22.

scabra (Micraulax), 22.

Seabrina, 26.

Scabrinus, 26.

sealaria (Diplommatina),

32.

scalaris (Diplommatina),
332.

scalaroidea (Diplomma-
tina), 333.

sealaroides (Diplomma-
tind), 303.

scepticus (Alyceus), 228,
373.

Schistoloma, 168.

seissimargo (Cyclophorus),

(Clostophis),

scissimargo (Japonia),
me

scissimargo (Lagocheilus),
me

scrupulum (Helicina),
370

sculptilis (Alyczeus), 233.

sculpturus (Alycseus),
218.

scurra (Cyclophorus), 90.

scurra, var. davisoniana
(Cyclophorus), 90.

sectilabre (Coptochilus),
170.

sectilabrum (Cyclostoma),
170.

sectilabrum (Megaloma-
stoma), 170.

sectilabrum (Schisto-
loma), 170.

semiclausum
stoma), 1.

semiclausum (Lepto-
poma), 1.

semisculpta (Diplomma-
tina), 333.

semisiriatum
toma), 359.

semistriatus (Cyclo-
topsis), 353.

semistriatus (Cyclotus),
353.

serendibense (Cyatho-
poma), 151.

serratizona (Cyclo-
phorus), 77.

serratus (Alyceeus), 219.

seticinctum (Cyatho-
poma), 157.

seticinctum
poma), 157.

setiferum (Leptopoma),

72,

(a.

( Cyclo-

( Cyclos-

(Mycho-

sherfaiensis (Diplomma-
tina), 334.

sherfaiensis, var. (Diplom-
matina), 341.

shevaroyanum (Cyatho-
poma), 141,

shevroyanum (Cyatho-
poma), 141.

shimangensis (Rhaphau-
lus), 168.

shiplayi (Cyclophorus),
42

shiplayi (Myzxostoma),
42.

shiplayi (Theobaldius),
42.

stamensis (Cyclophorus),
0.

siamensis
80.

sibbumensis (Alyczus),
219.

sibbumensis
tias), 162.

sibbumensis (Nodopoma-
tias), 162.

sidiensis (Cyclophorus),
67.

sikkimensis (Japonia),
12.

sikkimensis (Lagocheilus),
IP

silvicola (Diplommatina),
330.

simplex (Pearsonia), 125.

simplex (Pterocyclus),
125.

simplex (Spiraculum),
125.

Sinica, 344.

Siphonocyelus, 130.

sivagherrianum (Cyatho-
poma), 142.

siyomensis (Pseudopoma-
tias), 160.

smithi (Cataulus), 187.

smithi (Tortulosa), 187.

sordida ( Assiminea), 358.

sordida (Omphalotropis),
358.

specioswin
84.

speciosus (Cyclophorus),
84.

(Cyclostona),

(Eupoma-

( Cyclostoma),

speciosus (Cyclophorus),
me)
72.

speciosus, var. (Cyclo-

phorus), 86.
speciosus, var. aureolabris
(Cyelophorus), 84.
sperata (Diplommatina),
330;
spheroideum
poma), 97.
Spiraculum, 112.
spiraculum (Cyclostoma),
118.
spiramentum
cyelus), 111.
spironema (Cyclophorus),

(Aulo-

(Ptero-

spironema (Cyclostoma),
55.

spratti (Alycaeus), 284.
spurca (Cyclostoma), 353.
spurea (Cyclotopsis), 353.
spurcum ( Otopoma), 353.
spurcus (Cyclotus), 355.
Steganotoma, 97.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

stenomphalum, var. (Cy-
clophorus), 57.

stenomphalum (Cyclo-
stoma), 67.

stenomphalum, var. aurora
(Cyclostoma), 56.

stenomphalus (Cyclo-
phorus), 67.

stenostoma (Cyclophorus),
4

stenostoma (Mysxostoma),

stenostoma(Theobaldius),
42,

stenostoma, var, anguis
(Theobaldius), 43.

stenostomus ( Cyclostoma),
42.

strigatus (Alyceus), 234.

stoliczkai (Alycxus), 233.

stolitzkti (Alyeeus), 233.

strangulatum (Cyclo-
stoma), ¥69.

strangulatus (Alyezeus),
269!

Streptaulus, 162.

strigatus (Alyczus), 234.

strubelli (Rhiostoma),
129.

stylifer (Alyezus), 269.

subeulmen (Alyezeus),
279.

subdiscoidea (Cyclotop-
sis), 304.
subdiseoideum (Cyclo-

stoma), 354.
subdiscoideus
BD4.
subhumilis
271, 371.
subinflatus (Alycaeus),
235.
sublevigatus
phorus), 85,
sublevigatus, var. assam-
ensis (Cyclophorus),
85.
sublevigatus,var. pealiana
( Cyclophorus), 81.
subnotatus ( Alyceus), 246.
subovata (Diplommatina),
295.
subovata (Nicida), 295,

( Cyclotus),

(Alyczeus),

(Cyclo-

subplicatulus (Cyclo-
phorus), 43.
subplicatulus (My«o-

stoma), 43.
subplicatus (Theobal-
dius), 43.
subrubella (Diplomma-
tina), 547.

385

subtilis (Diplommatina),
348.

suecinea(Diplommatina),
336.

succineus (Alyceeus), 271.

Sulfurina, 364.

sumimus (Alyczus), 284,

sylheticus (Alyezeus), 220.

sykesi (Cataulus), 188.

sykesi (Tortulosa), 188.

tanycheilus (Megaloma-
stoma), 171.

tanychilum (Coptochilus),
i7(te

tanychilum
loma), 171.

taprobanensis (Lepto-
poma), 2.

templemant (Cataulus),
188.

(Schisto-

templemani (Pupina),
188.
templemani, var, (Pu-

pina), 182.
templemani (Tortulosa),
188.
tenellus (Alyesus), 285,
teriaensis (Alyczus), 272.
tersa ( Acicula), 363.
tersa (Acmeila), 363.
tersa (Georissa), 363.
tersa ‘Hydrecena), 363.
tersum (Cylostoma), 363.
tersus (Cyclostomus), 363.
theobaldi (Alyczeus), 272.
theobaldi var. (Alyceus),
274.
theobaldi, var. diyungen-
sis (Alyceeus), 274.
theobaldi, var. solida
(Alyexus), 273.
theobaldi (Diplomma-
tina), 336.
theobaldianus
phorus), 86.
Theobaldius, 31.
thompsoni(Alyceeus), 285,
thomsoni (Diplomma-
tina), 344.
thwaitest (Cataulus), 178
189.
thwaitesi, var. duplicata
(Cataulus), 179.

(Cyclo-

’

thwaitest (Cgclophorus),
33, 44.

thwaitesi (Myxostoma),
44,

thwaitesi (Theobaldius),
44,

oC

386

thwaitesi (Tortulosa),
189.

tignarium (Cyathopoma),
151.

tignarius (Cyclotus), 191.

tignarius (Lagocheilus),

tomotrema (Cyclophorus),
12.

tomotrema (Japonia), 12.

tomotrema (Lagocheilus),
12.

tongupensis (Pupina),
One

toruputuensis (Alyczeus),
204,

Tortulosa, 172, 189.

tortuosa (Tortulosa), 190.

tortuosa ( Urocoptis), 190.

tortuosum (Cyclostoma),
190.

tortuosum (Megaloma-
stoma), 190.

tortuosus (Cataulus), 190.

tortuosus (Turbo), 190.

trailli (Cyclostoma), 309.

trailli (Cyclotopsis), 555.

trailli (Cyclotus), 359.

travancorica (Pearsonia),
126.

travancorica bitubifera
(Pearsonia), 117.

travancoricum (Cyatho-
poma), 142.

travancoricum (Spira-
culum), 126.

travankoricum ( Cyatho-
poma), 142.

travankoricus (Hapalus),
175.

tricarinata (Cyclostoma),
372.

tristis (Cyclophorus), 44.

tristis (Pterocyclos), 44.

tristis (Theobaldius), 44.

trochlea (Cyathepoma),
152.

trochlea (Cyclophorus),
152.

trochlea (Cyclostoma),
152.

trochlea (Jerdonia), 146.

trochlea (Mychopoma),
152.

trochleum ( Cyathopoma),
152.

trochoides (Cyclophorus),

3.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

Trocholeptopoma, 2.

troscheli (Cyclophorus),
112.

troscheli (Pterocyclus),
111. :

Truneatella, 360.

TRUNCATELLID®, 360.

tryblium (Cyclophorus),
68.

tryblium, var. conica
(Cyclophorus), 68.

tumida (Diplommatina),
337.

tumida, var. (Diplomma-
tina), 312.

tumida, var. abdita
(Diplommatina), 337.

tumida, var. laisenensis
(Diplommatina), 358.

turbinatum (Cyatho-
poma), 152.

turbo (Cyclophorus), 91.

turbo (Cyclostoma), 91.

turbo (Trochus), 91.

Tylotoechus, 193.

umbonalis (Alyczeus),
235.
undulatum (Cyclostoma),
372.
ungulata (Diplomma-
tina), 338.
unicarinata (Nicida), 373.
unicrenata (Diplomma-
tina), 548.
wrceolus (Alycéus), 201.
urceolus (Dioryx), 201.
urnula ( Alyceus), 201.
urnula (Dioryx), 201.
urnula, va7. anghami-
ensis (Dioryx), 202.
umula, var. daflaensis
(Dioryx), 208.
urnula, var. globosa
(Dioryx), 202.
urnula, var, pisum
(Dioryx), 203.
uvaense (Cyathopoma),
155.

valvatus (Leptopo-
moides), 21, 371.

varius (Alyceus), 204.

varius (Dioryx), 204.

venustula (Diplomma-
tina), 339.

vesca ( Cyclophorus), 13.
vesca (Japonia), 13.
vesica (Alyczeus), 220.
vestitus (Alyczeus), 220.
vestitus, var. akyabensis,
(Alyceeus), 221.
vitreum (Cyathopoma),
148. .
volvulus (Turbo), 71.
vulcani (Alyczus), 221.

warnefordiana (Japonia),
13.

warnefordianus (Lago-
cheilus), 13.

warnefriedianum (Lago-
chilus), 13.

woodianus, var. charpen-
tieri (Cyclophorus), 58.

woodthorpei (Alyczeus),
275.

wullerstorfiana(Japonia),
14.

wullerstorfianum (Lago-
chilus), 14.

wullerstorfianus (Cyclo-
phorus), 14.

wynaadense (Cyatho-
poma), 144.

yamneyensis (Alyczeus),
222.

yamneyensis (Rha-
phaulus), 168.

zebrinum (Cyeclostoma),
86.

zebrinus (Cyclophorus),
86.

zebrinus, var. ambigua
(Cyclophorus), 87.

zebrinus, var. aureo-
labris (Cyclophorus),
53, 88.

zebrinus, var. chryso-
labris (Cyclophorus),
88.

zebrinus (Pterocyclus),
373.

zelebori (Helicina), 865.

zelebori, var. amphibola
(Helicina), 366.

zelebort (Pachystoma),
365.

zelebori (Sulfurinay, 365.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS. RED LION COURT, FLEBT SPREET

ey
Pt ~ ~ wae
Fetes ee

t. 4

TT