DMA BEAE ANA EADRAMAAAE Division of Mollusks Sectional Library EYEE VEE EET AWE Te Y h Division of Mollusks Sectional Library, Division of Moll Sectional Library re « a UNITED STATES EXPLORING EXPEDITION, 6 _ 1 APR DT Es UTZ ALTO TEE : 2b Sel AE Oe LTTE ? — FOS Pee DS) Tah 8 EXPLORING EXPEDITION. DURING THE YEARS 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. UNDER THE COMMAND OF Division of Mollusks CHARLES WILKES, U.S.N. Sectional Library WOE. xX PA, MOLLUSCA & SHELLS. BY AUGUSTUS A. GOULD, M.D., VACA IST IRE JVI ASS p18) PNET C at E BOSTON: NS; Nw GOULD & WEN COL N. a 1852). Sectional Library- Dept. of Moll. U.S. N. M. Lea Collection. LN ROD w CT 10 N: Tue following work was undertaken under many disadvantages. The writer did not accompany the Expedition, and, of course, had not an opportunity of observing specimens in their native localities, and in their natural relations. Circumstances relating to food, habits, uses, numbers, and grouping, and other important points which would im- press themselves upon the mind of an observer, and by which the dry details of specific description might be greatly relieved, must, therefore, be wanting here. Mr. Joseph P. Couthouy, the able naturalist of the Expedition in this department, made careful and suggestive notes of all interesting species, and, especially, of the new or doubtful species, with the inten- tion of amplifying them after his return. To him they would have spoken volumes ; but he alone could fully understand their import. Up to the time of leaving the Paumotu, or Low Coral Islands, these notes were pretty fully written out in form. On arriving at the Samoa Islands, his health obliged him to separate from the squadron ; and the numerous notes he had subsequently made from day to day were left in an imperfect state. Still, these would have been extremely valuable, especially those relating to the land-shells of the Society, Samoa, and Sandwich Islands. But, unfortunately, repeated searches have failed to discover them among the masses of documents per- taming to the Expedition. Mr. Couthouy was also careful to attach marks, or numbers, to all B vi DN RO Di UCT NOUN: specimens described or figured, or to which special interest attached; and they were so disposed of as to be easily accessible and readily re- cognised. The drawings relating to them had been so far finished as to secure the forms and attitudes, more particularly the colours of the animals, all of which greatly change after death, leaving the more permanent features to be copied at leisure. The identification of these shells was, therefore, very important. But it had been thought neces- sary, by the Navy Department, that the boxes sent home in advance of the Expedition should be opened, lest, by long packing, the speci- mens might be injured. Those who performed this service were not fully aware of the importance of replacing the specimens as originally arranged, and hence much labour and difficulty in identifying them. In many instances, the search was quite fruitless, and, consequently, many drawings and descriptions were altogether rejected, and so far lost. Still an additional difficulty arose from residing at a long distance from Washington, where the collection is deposited, rendering it impos- sible to have such a frequent recourse to the specimens as would have ereatly facilitated the settlement of questions which arose from day to day. Notwithstanding the disadvantages under which this branch of Zoology laboured, an immense mass of specimens of shells was col- lected, and among them a very large number of new species,—larger, probably, than has ever been collected by any similar Expedition. Both before and after the separation of Mr. Couthouy, a very decided zeal, in the collection of shells, was manifested by both officers and men, as well as by the other members of the Scientific Corps. Among them must be especially mentioned, as the principal collectors :— Commander Charles Wilkes; Messrs. J. P. Couthouy, C. Pickering, J. D. Brackenridge, T. R. Peale, W. Rich, J. D. Dana, of the Scientific Corps; J. Drayton, Artist; Lieutenants C. Ringgold, A. L. Case, T. A. Budd, W. M. Walker, J. A. Underwood; Passed-Midshipmen W. May, W. Reynolds, H. Eld; Midshipmen G. W. Hammersley, and George Elliott, Jr.; Assistant-Surgeons J. L. Fox and J. 8. INTRODUCTION. vil Whittle; W. Spieden, Purser; J. R. Howison, Captain’s Clerk; F. Monserrat, Steward; C. Erskine, James Sheaf, S. Stearns, E. Verry, Seamen; J. W. W. Dyes, Taxidermist. The Expedition was also indebted, for many specimens of rare and valuable shells, to Mr. Dimond, of the Sandwich Island Mission ; Mrs. Richards, of the same Mission; and Mrs. Mitchill, of New South Wales. With rare exceptions, the shells were collected on the sea-beach and coral reefs, very few opportunities having been afforded for obtaining specimens from deep water, by the dredge, on account of the incessant employment of the men and boats on special hydrographical duties. Several zoological provinces not previously explored were examined, and furnished most interesting groups of specimens. Among them are the collections made at Tierra del Fuego; the land-shells of the Society and Samoa Islands, as well as other Pacific islands; and the marine shells of Oregon,—more especially those from Puget’s Sound, every one of which appear to be new to collections. In some genera the number of new species added is quite remarka- ble; for instance, the species added to the genus Succinea equal all those previously known. The genera Trochus, Perna, Avicula, and Mytilus have been greatly augmented. To the scanty list of naked mollusks previously known, additions of many new and beautiful forms have been made. The Cephalopods, especially, have received large accessions, which, for life-like colouring and delineation, have not been surpassed, My instructions were, to name and describe the new species of shells found in the collection, following the system of Lamarck, and, also, to introduce the figures of such animals as had not hitherto been pub- lished, or had been but imperfectly delineated, with descriptions of their external features. The figures were all drawn from the living animal, so that they are true to life as to their form and colouring,— more so, indeed, than any that have yet been published. The mol- lusks of several genera of shells, hitherto unknown, are now, for the first time, delineated, and are important additions to malacology. vill PND RiO DD UIC TON: In drawing up the descriptions, I have endeavoured to use language as simple and definite as possible, and, by comparing each species with the one most nearly allied to it, to make its peculiar character appa- rent. Where a shell bore characters somewhat prominent, I have endeavoured to select a specific name significant of them, almost en- tirely avoiding local and complimentary appellations. I have retained names selected by Mr. Couthouy, unless they had been preoccupied ; and, where his descriptions have mainly been used, his initials are appended ; the revision of them, and the determination that they did not relate to shells already described, having been made by myself. After the most scrupulous endeavours to avoid describing shells which had been previously named, consulting all the books and the best collections in the country, with this view, it is quite likely that the evil has not been entirely avoided. The history of a contem- poraneous Voyage of Exploration in nearly the same track, has been in the course of publication simultaneously ; and, from a recent exa- mination of a few of the plates of the Voyage of the Astrolabe and Zelée, several species appear to be there figured, which are also de- seribed in this work. It is believed, however, that the descriptions published in the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History were of prior date, and must, therefore, be adopted. The formation of new genera from characters of the shell alone, has been avoided. In some few instances, where new forms of mollusks have been presented, such as could not be united with received genera without violence, a new genus has been instituted. In instances where generic divisions seemed justifiable, I have rested contented with in- dicating groups, without formally establishing them. In several cases it has been possible to present, for the first time, or essentially to cor- rect, the characters of the mollusk, thus contributing something towards a natural classification. In this collection of descriptions of new species, where so many genera do not appear at all, and very few are fairly represented, no accurate systematic arrangement could be expected, and none has been attempted. INTRODUCTION. 1X It is much to be regretted, however, that the descriptions of animals were limited to their external characters, and that dissections and delineations of their anatomical structure had not also been directed ; especially in the case of those genera in which the structure of the soft parts is still unknown. A very large supply of mollusks, in spirit, is preserved in the collection, and would afford ample materials for future zoological investigations concerning this class of animals. As this work was intended to be purely descriptive, no generaliza- tions were expected. A few points, however, have presented them- selves so obviously, in examining the specimens and memoranda of the shell collection, that it would seem proper to advert to them. The doctrine of distinct zoological regions evidently appertains to the mollusks, and is well illustrated by them. In nearly every work, containing any considerable catalogue of shells, the same species will be found quoted as being found in widely distant regions, in different oceans, and even on opposite sides of the globe. The many thousand localities carefully noted on the records of the Expedition, go to prove beyond dispute, that no such random or wide-spread distribution obtains. The error has arisen from two principal causes. One is, that reliable notes of localities have not been taken. A voyage is made to the Sandwich Islands, and all the shells brought home by the vessel are said to be shells from the Sandwich Islands, though they may have been obtained at California, the Society Islands, New Zealand, and, perhaps, half a dozen other places quite as remote from each other. A sea captain purchases a collection at Calcutta or Val- paraiso, for his friends at home; and all the shells are marked as denizens of the port where they were purchased, though they might not have lived within thousands of miles. Purchased shells cannot be relied on for localities; for this end a shell must have been found containing the animal, or else dredged, or picked up on the shore, and labelled accordingly. There have been instances where New England shells, which had gone to the west coast of America, in the way of exchange, came back again as Pacific shells. The second cause is, that shells are regarded as specifically iden- c x INTRODUCTION. tical, which, on careful comparison, are found not to be so. And this is very likely to occur, where some one very remarkable pecu- liarity exists. Thus, a Lutraria from Lower California (L. undulata), has the thin, milk-white, concentrically undulated valves, so similar to those which characterize a shell from the coast of Carolina (L. canali- culata), that no one observing them separately, would hesitate to pro- nounce them the same; but place the two side by side, and it will be seen that in one the beaks are near the posterior, and in the other near the anterior end of the shell. Equally striking resemblances and differences will be found when we compare Mactra nasuta and M. Brasiliana, Lutraria ventricosa and L. carinata, the former of which are found in the Gulf of California, and their analogues in the Gulf of Mexico. So too we find on the catalogues Cytherea chione and Natica maroccana, Mediterranean shells, set down as found also in the Gulf of California; but a direct comparison shows them to be quite different in form and coloration, and well entitled to the distinctive appella- tions of Cytherea biradiata and Natica Chemnitzii. Triton nodosum, of the West Indies, has also been regarded as identical with a Sand- wich Island species (7. elongatum). We need not multiply examples of this kind. But if such confusion has arisen among strongly-marked species, how much more liable is it to occur where specific differences are slight. In many genera, as in Physa and Succinea, the form, surface, and colouring are so uniform throughout, that undoubted species are distinguished by only the slightest differences. Indeed, there are even some genera, like Helix and Nanina, Patella and Lottia, which cannot be distinguished but by an examination of the animal. When, therefore, we have before us shells from widely diverse regions, apparently identical, they should be subjected to the most careful scrutiny for structural differences. If no obvious ones are detected, we may not consider the question as settled, unless the animals have been compared; and we may go even further, and require that their internal structure, as well as external features, should be examined. The number of instances where this apparent ubiquity obtains is fast diminishing, as in the cases already mentioned, in those INTRODUCTION. xl of Cyprea exanthema, cervina and cervinetta, &c. A large proportion of the shells inhabiting the eastern and western shores of the Atlantic, have been regarded as identical; and many of them are really so. But the closer the comparison, the more it tends to diminish rather than increase the identical species. The same is found true in regard to other classes of animals. In fact, the doctrine of the local limita- tion of animals, even now, meets with so few apparent exceptions, that we admit it as an axiom in zoology, that species strongly resem- bling each other, derived from widely diverse localities, especially if a continent intervenes, and if no known or plausible means of com- munication can be assigned, should be assumed as different, until their identity can be proved. Much study of living specimens must be had before the apparent exceptions can be brought under the rule. Some shells undoubtedly have a very extensive range. The species of Cyprea are remarkable for this, and more than any other genus would lead us to conclude that oceans present no limitations. Even among them, however, new distinctions are constantly appearing. There are also some shells which may be called cosmopolite. At least they are erratic, and will be found wherever their pabulum is found. Thus, Helix cellaria, attaching itself to water-casks, is found in most seaports in all parts of the world. Helix similaris is found wherever the coffee- plant grows; and Helix vitrinoides in like manner accompanies the Arum esculentum or taro. Bulimus octona, or a closely allied species, is a parasite of the Banana. But exceptions of this kind confirm rather than militate against the conclusion. There is a certain local aspect, a peculiar facies, which impresses itself upon us the more we study local collections; just as we learn, by a very little observation, to distinguish men of different nations and neighbourhoods. Thus we distinguish the loose, horny, colourless structure of the northern marine species; the stony, corroded, livid New Zealanders; the polished, absolutely perfect specimens from the coral seas. Certain forms are so characteristic of certain regions that we neyer expect to find them elsewhere. Thus, we look for Clausilia in Europe and Asia; for Achatina in Africa; for Cylindrella in the aoe INTRODUCTION. West Indies and their neighbourhood; for Achatinella in the Sand- wich Islands; for Partula in the Pacific Islands, south of the equator; to the United States of America we look for Helices with toothed apertures; to the Philippine Islands for the ivory and beautifully painted species, &c., and we venture to call them stragglers, if they are brought to us from any other quarter. Dr. Pickering remarks, in relation to the Feejee Islands, “It was only here, in the midst of the Coral sea, where I found myself surrounded by a great variety of Cone, Mitre, Olive, Cowry, Ovula, Harpa, Terebra, Cassis, Strombus, Coneelix, Pyramidella, Tridacne, Vulsella, Lima, &c., that I became fully aware of the imperfect state of this science. We missed Patella, Eburna, Terebellum, Cancellaria, Hip- popus, Ancillaria, and Marginella. Bivalves seem to prevail less than at Tonga. Mactra proper was not met with. In fluviatile shells these islands are richer than the eastern ones, no doubt on account of their larger size and the consequent greater abundance of fresh water. A fresh-water bivalve, Cyrena, was here for the first time met with among the islands. Among land-shells we missed Partula. The appearance of large Bulimi reminded one of the continent.” The true Helices seem to be supplanted by Nanina. Another point of interest, extensively elucidated by the collections of the Expedition, is the occurrence of analogous species in co-ordinate regions. It is now a received fact that the animals and plants of the northernmost zones are, for the most part, identical throughout the whole circuit; and that the species gradually diverge from each other towards the equator, on the three continents; and that after passing the equator towards the south, there is not a return to the same species, and rarely to the same genera, as we should expect if variation of forms depended mainly on difference of temperature. There is, however, a return to mollusks of a kindred character and form, and oftentimes to the same genera. The analogies of specimens from distant regions are much stronger when reckoned by isothermal longitude than by isothermal latitude. In the latter case we may have analogous genera. Along our northern INTRODUCTION. sii seas, some of the most characteristic shells are Buccinum, Tritonium, Fusus, Terebratula, Rimula, &. Around Cape Horn are shells of the same types, so closely allied that they have not yet been separated as distinct genera, though peculiar in many important respects. But this resemblance does not descend to species. In the first case, however, not only have we the same genera, but the species seem to repeat each other: so that species brought from great distances east or west, are scarcely to be distinguished upon comparison. As examples in illus- tration, we may place against each other the following species from Oregon and from the Eastern States : Mya precisa, Mya truncata. Osteodesma bracteatum, Osteodesma hyalina. Cardita ventricosa, Cardita borealis. Cardium blandum, Cardium Icelandicum. Venus calcarea, Venus mercenaria. Alasmodonta falcata, Alasmodonta arcuata. Helix Vancouverensis, Helix concaya. Helix loricata, Helix inflecta. Helix germana, Helix fraterna. Planorbis vermicularis, Planorbis deflectus. Planorbis opercularis, Planorbis exacutus. Lacuna carinata, Lacuna vincta. Natica Lewisii, Natica heros. Trichotropis cancellata, Trichotropis borealis. Fusus fidicula, Fusus turricula. Lottia pintadina, Lottia testudinalis, &e. Mingled with these are others very different in type, which mark the two localities as constituting very different zoological regions. Where, for instance, have we the analogues of Panop#a generosa, Lutraria ventricosa, Triton Oregonense, on the one hand, and of Mactra gigantea, Fusus decemcostatus and Icelandicus, Pyrula cana- liculata and carica, Pandora trilineata, &c., on the other? The same comparison holds good between the shells of the Gulf of California and the Gulf of Mexico. ei INTRODUCTION. From a consideration of the land-shells collected on the Pacific islands, it seems possible to draw some fair inferences as to the relations of the lands which once occupied the area of the Pacific Ocean, and whose mountain peaks evidently now indicate, or constitute, the islands with which it is now studded. By observation of the species, we think there are strong indications that some groups of islands have an inti- mate relation to each other, and belonged, at least, to the peaks of the same mountain ranges, before they were submerged; while the indi- cations are equally strong that other groups had no such territorial connexion. The Samoa, Friendly, and Feejee Islands, are near to each other, and seem as if they must have intimate geological relations. The Samoa and Friendly Islands give evidence of such relation, the same forms and many of the same species occurring on both groups. But, if we may draw inferences from the land-shells, these two eroups are more intimately related to the Society Islands, though at a much greater distance, than to the Feejee Islands. Not a single spe- cies of land-shell, found on the Feejees, was collected on either of the other groups. Several genera which are common to the other groups are wanting in the Feejees. Thus, no specimen of Succinea or Partula, genera so abundant in the Society and Samoa Islands, was found at the Feejees; and the true Helix, especially the pyramidal forms, so remarkable in the other groups, seemed to be replaced by large species of Nanina. On the other hand, large and peculiar species of Bulimus occur abundantly on the Feejees, while nothing of the kind occurs on any of the other islands. Indeed, judging from the land-shells, the Feejees are more nearly allied to the islands to the westward,—such as the New Hebrides, than to the Friendly Islands, on the east, though so much nearer. When we examine the fluviatile shells, however, we do not find the same distinction. Many of the same species of Melania, Navicella, and Neritina, seem to occur in all the groups, though the large coronated species of Melania prevail in the Feejees. There is some reason to suspect, moreover, that the fresh- water shells collected at these islands have accidentally become more INTRODUCTION. xv or less mingled. It must also be considered, that the Navicella, and more especially Neritina, is oftentimes decidedly littoral, and even marine, in its habits. The little island of Metia, or Aurora Island, to the northeastward of Taheiti, is one of peculiar interest. It is a coral island, which has been elevated 250 feet, or more, and has no other high island anywhere near it. On it were found four small land-shells belonging to three genera, viz. :—Helix pertenuis, Helix deedalea, Partula pusilla, and Helicina trochlea. None of these were found upon any other island. They seem to have originated there, after the elevation of the island, and have a significant bearing upon the question of local and periodical creations in comparatively modern times. As the genus Partula is characteristic of the groups just south of the equator, so Achatinella is the characteristic shell of the Sandwich Islands. Closely connected as the islands of this group are, they each have their peculiar forms of land-shells ; and, as the southern islands bear evidence of greater age than the northern ones, we may infer that, within these narrow limits, we have evidence of the appearance of some species subsequent to the existence of others now living. On the Island of Kauai, the oldest of the group, we have Achatina adusta and pyramidata, a form which does not appear on the other islands ; the Achatinellze are chiefly of the elongated glabrous form, which I have grouped under the name Leptachatina; the Helices are planor- boid and multispiral. On Molokai, the species of Achatinella are large and beautiful, and peculiar in their form and colouring. On Maui, the Helices are small and glabrous, with some very curious hispid and ribbed species, with lamella within the aperture. On Oahu, the species of both Helix and Achatinella are similar to those on Maui. On Hawaii, Succinea seems to prevail in larger proportion than on the other islands, while Achatinella, which occurs so abun- dantly on all the other islands, either does not occur at all, or but very rarely. Boston, December, 1851. MeO bE U.S Cox. OrpErR GASTEROPODA. Genus ATHORACOPHORUS—(Goutp.) Corpus limaciforme, supra convexum, retrorsum attenuatum, requiescens sptrale, pallio a soled discreto ubique tectum, clypeo carens ; foramine pulmonah submediano, inoperto; tentaculis binis brevibus, conicis, oculiferis, ad apicem bulbosis, haud omnino retractilibus ; dorso sulco mediano ramoso impresso. Lamina calcarea nulla. Body limaciform, depressed, convexly rounded above, gradually tapering backwards, coiled when at rest, covered throughout by the mantle, which is distinguished from the foot by a faint groove. Clypeus entirely wanting, the pulmonary aperture on the right side, near the median line, entirely unprotected; a delicate channel runs along the back, with numerous lateral branches. ‘Tentacles only two, short, dilated at base and tip, not wholly retractile. No shell. The animal on which I have founded this genus was evidently observed by Quoy and Gaimard, and was described in the Voyage of the Astrolabe under the name of Limaz bitentaculatus, and indicated by them also as the type of a new genus. No other one of the Lima- cide has the position of the respiratory aperture so near the dorsal line, or so completely exposed, like a mere perforation. Nor am I aware that any one has the habit of coiling itself up, when at rest, in the manner delineated. ‘These characters, together with the existence of only two tentacles, have induced me to institute the genus. 1 MOLLUSCA. wo ATHORACOPHORUS BITENTACULATUS (Quoy) Gould. Limaz bitentaculatus, Quoy, Voy. de |’Astrol., Zool., II. 148, pl. 13, fig. 1-3; Lamarck, Anim. sans Verteb., 2 ed., VII. 723. The figure of Quoy is so imperfect that it is worth while to give a more exact one, taken from a living animal. It is of a pale yellow colour, covered with dot-like tubercles of a brownish hue. The lateral branches of the dorsal grooves are not strictly parallel and simple, but many of them are again branched. The little dilatation of the ten- tacles is stated by Mr. Drayton to be simply “a shoulder or enlarge- ment,” and not a sheath. There is also represented a minute tubercle in the place of the oral tentacles. The coiled attitude, I believe, is not assumed by any other one of the Limacide. Length about one inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. It was found by Quoy and Gaimard at Tasman’s Bay; and by Dr. Pickering at the bottom of a crater at Taiamai, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Figure 6, animal extended; 6a, view of the back; 64, mode of coiling itself; 6c, the head. ARION FOLIOLATUS (Gould). A. corpore depresso, fulvo, sulcis nigricantibus oblique reticulato, areolis inclusis foliosis ; clypeo prelongo, levi, fulvo, concentrice fusco-notato ; apertura communt ante-mediana ; tentaculis parvis, brevibus. Colour a reddish fawn, coarsely and obliquely reticulated with slate- coloured lines forming areol, which are indented at the sides, when viewed by a magnifier, so as to resemble leaflets; the corselet is con- centrically mottled with slate-colour, and the projecting border of the foot is also obliquely lineated. ‘The body is rather depressed, nearly uniform throughout, and somewhat truncated at the tip, exhibiting a conspicuous pit, which was probably occupied by a mucus-gland. GASTEROPODA., 3 The shield is very long, smooth, and has the respiratory orifice very small, situated a little in front of the middle. The tentacles are small and short. Length, three and one-half inches. — Found by Dr. Charles Pickering near Discovery Harbour, Puget Sound. That this animal belongs to the genus Arion there can be little doubt, from the peculiar structure of the tail, as represented in Mr. Drayton’s figure, and from the anterior position of the respiratory orifice. It is a well-marked species, characterized especially by the little leaf-like areole by which the surface is marked. Figure 2, side view; 2a, papille enlarged; 2 0, dark variety. Limax Cotumsianus (Gould). L. corpulentus, corpore elongato, posticé carinato, sordidé fiavo, uni- colore vel maculis atropurpureis nubeculato, tuberculis elongatis longi- tudinaliter dispositis tessellato ; clypeo lato, anticé truncato ; apertura communi postica. Colour a dark, dirty, greenish-yellow, either uniform or in some varieties clouded with large, purplish-black, irregular blotches. The body is large and corpulent, the anterior portion elevated, with the back rounded, and the posterior portion strongly carinated ; at the posterior tip there is apparently a mucus-pore. ‘The margin of the foot extends beyond the mantle and forms a ruffle around the animal, with transversely oblique markings. ‘The surface is tessellated with coarse, elongated papille arranged longitudinally. ‘The corselet is broad, truncated in front, minutely granulated, with the respiratory orifice at the posterior third. Front vertically wrinkled: upper ten- tacles rather short, thickened at base, coloured like the body, and finely granulated ; lower tentacles long and slender. Length, five and one-half inches. ri MOLLUSCA. The calcareous rudiment is oblong, the angles truncated so as to give an hexagonal outline ; apex median and nearly terminal. Oregon, at Nisqually, by Mr. Dyes, and at Discovery Harbour, Puget Sound, by Lieutenant Case. There can be no doubt that the mottled animals are varieties of the uniformly coloured ones, because they were not only taken in com- pany, but in coitu. A smaller specimen is of a uniform slate-colour. In general it resembles A. empiricorum in form, marking, and colour- ing, with the exception of the head, which in that species is slate- coloured. The position of the respiratory orifice is also much more anterior. No land mollusk has yet been found to the west of the Rocky Mountains identical with any species on the Atlantic side ; and although several European slugs have been carried to distant shores, where they have become naturalized in limited districts, it is too much to suppose that any of them have thus become numerous at several localities about Puget Sound. Figure 1, side view; 1a, mottled variety; 10, face; 1c, calcareous rudiment. Limax ontvaceus (Gould). L. elevatus, retrorsum carinatus, plus minusve acuminatus, ex olivaceo purpurascens, papillis angustis, elongatis, obliquis reticulatus : clypeo curto, rotundato, concentricé rugoso ; foramine antico; fronte reticu- lato ; tentaculis cervicalibus elongatis, attenuatis, nigricantibus. ANIMAL elevated, more or less carinated, acuminated posteriorly. Colour dark olive, inclining to purplish or mahogany colour on the back, paler on the corselet and at the edges; tentacles dark slate. Surface minutely and obliquely reticulated with very delicate lines. Corselet short and rounded, concentrically lineated, evidently con- taining a calcareous rudiment; the respiratory orifice situated at the posterior fourth. Head small, front reticulated; cervical tentacles long and slender, the oral ones small. Length two and a half inches. GASTEROPODA. 5 Found at Paramatta, New South Wales, by Mr. Couthouy. This is very peculiar on account of its pale olive colour, and its very delicate, narrow, elongated papille. It is attenuated both in height and breadth, and terminates in a delicate point. The head is also protruded, and all the portion anterior to the corselet is narrowed. Figure 3, side; 3 a, contracted ; 3 4, transverse section. Limax FULIGINosuS (Gould). L. abbreviatus, corpulentus, acuté carinatus, fuliginosus, sulcis remotis obliquis reticulatus, areolis reticulatis ; clypeo oval, posticé latiore, foramine pulmonali postico ; capite parvo ; tentaculis brevibus, ad apt- cem ferruginets. Body rather short and corpulent, elevated, sharply carinated, espe- cially at its posterior portion. Colour uniform sooty black. Corselet oval, of moderate size, broadest behind, the dorsal face showing traces of a large calcareous test; respiratory aperture situated at the poste- rior third. Surface coarsely reticulated by oblique fissures, the in- cluded areas being more minutely reticulated with smaller fissures. Head small, tentacles rather short, ferruginous at tip. Foot projecting slightly beyond the edge of the mantle, which is transversely and rather distantly lineated. Posterior termination acute. Length two and a half inches. Found at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, among turnips in a garden. Dr. Pickering remarks that it seems undoubtedly to be a native species. It is specially characterized by its peculiar sooty appearance. Figure 4, the animal crawling; 4 a, transverse section. VAGINULUS TAUNAISII (Ferussac). Corpus elongatum ; colore flavescente ; tentaculis obscurts. Vaginulus Taunaisit, Ferussac; Tab. Syst. 13, pl. viii. B. f. 1, 2. 2 6 MOLLUSCA. Body long, very slender, somewhat widening backwards, of a pale yellowish colour, tinted green, and with two stripes of deeper green along the back, everywhere dotted with opaque white ; cervical tenta- cles very long, slate-coloured, and somewhat annulate; oral tentacles about the usual proportionate length, furnished at base with a short triangular process like a spur. Back rounded, and provided with numerous pores from which the mucus is abundantly secreted. Lo- comotive disc narrower than the mantle, and projecting behind it, transversely wrinkled, the edge pea-green. Length, when extended, about seven inches. Found by Mr. Couthouy on an orange tree, near a mountain torrent, in the vicinity of Tijuca, near Rio Janeiro. Dr. Pickering also found the same species at the same locality. [J. P. c.] Mr. Couthouy remarks that the motions of the animal were very quick, gliding along more rapidly than he had ever seen any of its congeners. It often reared up two-thirds of its long body nearly per- pendicularly, and remained so for some time, turning its head in every direction, sometimes arching it over like a swan’s neck, and again stretching it up so as to call to mind the giraffe, thus giving the snail quite an intelligent though somewhat laughable aspect. I have regarded this as the V. Taunazsi, of which our descriptions are very imperfect, but still definite enough to show that its colours are variable; and our species seems to differ from the description given of it in this respect only. At any rate, its characters are so definitely given, as well as some of its habits, that it seems proper to present the observations and figures herewith given. Should it be found entitled to a distinct appellation, I would propose for it that of V. superbus. Figure 5, the animal extended; 5 a, the head; 5 4, portion of the foot. VITRINA RUIVENSIS (Couthouy, M.S.) (Gould). Testa hahotiformis, transverse subquadrata, depressa, papyracea, pellu- cida, nitida, chlorata, gradibus etatis striata: spira vix conspicua, GASTEROPODA. 4 anfractu unico rapide crescente ; apice lateral: apertura faciem inferiorem adequans ; labro prope spiram membranaceo ; columella laxé intro spiram volvente et eam penitus exhabente. Axtmat nearly enveloping the shell, very long compared with the two preceding, the lower portions ochreous brown, the mantle of the same colour, closely mottled with jet black; foot high, compressed above, and generally undulating along the back, rarely extending itself so as to be regularly tapering ; tentacles very dark slate-colour, with a darker central portion extending along the cervical ones, which are long and tapering, to some distance under the mantle; oral pair very short ; a slight furrow surrounds the foot, the margin of which is rather lighter-coloured than the rest of the body; respiratory orifice very small; mucus-pore very small, and placed just above the termi- nation of the foot. Suet. transparent, thin, flexible, of a beautiful sap-green towards the spire, gradually turning to yellow near the lip. Haliotiform, the spire sub-terminal, not forming an entire revolution, and wholly visible internally. Aperture enormous, occupying the whole face of the shell; lip thin and membranous, inflexed from the columella for about one-third its extent. Diameter five-eighths of an inch; axis one-tenth of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy on the Pico de Ruivo, Madeira, thirty feet from the summit, 6210 feet above the sea, under moss, at the roots of Erica arborea. Only two specimens were obtained. This is a very large and well-marked species. It is closely allied to V. Lamarckii, but the shell, as well as the animal, is sufficiently distinct. [J. Pp. c.] Figure 7, the animal extended ; 7 a, the animal retracted in the shell; 7 4, back of the shell; 7 c, aperture of the shell; 7 d, profile of the shell. VITRINA MARCIDA (Gould). Testa sigaretiformis, tenuis, sub-opaca, flavo-viridis, depresso-orbicularis, tenuiter striata, sub-perforata: spira anfractibus ad tribus convext- 8 MOLLUSCA. usculis ; ultimo amplo, declivo ; apice sub-central ; sutura bene im- pressa: apertura transversa, elliptica ; labro plerumque membra- naceo. Anima of an ochreous brown colour, with a tinge of green towards the foot, between which and the body is a slight furrow. ‘The mantle, which for the most part envelopes the shell, is mottled with black, and covered with longitudinal wrinkles, intersected by fine, transverse lines, and appears covered with minute granules when the animal is contracted. The rest of the body is covered with minute, interrupted, longitudinal lines, of a darker colour, assuming on the back and foot the appearance of fine squamiform plaits. Cervical tentacles long and slender ; oral ones about half as long, and like them dark slate-coloured ; on the back of the neck is a faint double groove, with a narrow white streak on each side. The foot is compressed and subcarinated poste- riorly, and has a slight canal extending from the shell nearly to the extremity. Respiratory orifice very large, near the upper and posterior portion of the mantle ; mucus-pore very near the extremity of the foot, on the upper side, quite small, but secreting considerable thin mucus, which gives the whole foot a glossy appearance. It differs from the animal of V. Lamarckw by the truncation of the corselet anteriorly, and by having the markings on the side of the neck longitudinal instead of oblique. Suett of a dull yellowish-green colour; apex of the spire sub-cen- tral, with three volutions, the last of which is disproportionately large, depressed, discoidal, the sutures very indistinct. Aperture sigareti- form; columella short, distinct, slightly reflected, blending inferiorly with the external lip, which is thin and membranous, doubling to the touch like moist paper; during life the lip has a clear, hyaline ap- pearance, but after death it becomes opaque, and chalky white within. There is a slight umbilical indentation. Diameter about half an inch; axis about one-third as much. Found by Mr. Couthouy at Roche de Empejia, Island of Madeira, at a height of 4200 feet. This species differs from V. Lamarckw in having more whorls to the shell. The animal is still more decidedly different. [s. Pp. c.] GASTEROPODA. 9 Figure 12, dorsal view, with the animal extended ; 12 a, front of the animal; 12 4, base of the shell; 12 c, edge of the shell. VITRINA NITIDA (Gould). Testa depresso-globosa, heliciformis, tenuissima, pellucida, nitidissima, levigata, succineo-viridis, imperforata: spira anfractibus quatuor convexis, ultimo amplo ; apice subcentrali, exserto ; sutura excavata : apertura transversa, subcircularis ; peristomate inflexo; columella arcuatd, usque ad apicem perspicud. AntmaL of a uniform slaty-brown, except the mantle, which is smooth, almost black, and so small as to leave the shell almost entirely exposed ; anterior part of the body with nine or ten oblique lines or furrows on the neck. Tentacles black, the cervical ones very long and slender; the oral ones about one-third as long; a black line extends a short distance upon the neck from the upper pair of tentacles. Foot very short posteriorly, and tapering ; mucus-pore imperceptible. SHELL sigaretiform, transparent, glistening, brownish-yellow, tinged with bright green at the summit, which is darker than the rest. Vo- lutions four, axis prominent, submedian; sutures deeply impressed. Aperture ample ; lip slightly involute, continuous with the columella, which extends into the spire. No trace of any umbilical indenture. Greatest diameter less than half an inch ; axis one-eighth of an inch. Obtained by Mr. Couthouy above Roche de Empefia, towards Pico de Ruivo, Madeira, at an elevation of 4240 feet. A most elegant and brilliant species, closely resembling V. marcida. The animal differs chiefly in the mucus-pore not being perceptible, and the absence of the fissure on the back of the foot. The corselet is, however, a great deal smaller, never, as in that species, wholly concealing the shell. [. p. c.] Figure 8, top of shell, with the animal; 8 a, base of the shell; 8 3, profile of the shell. 3 10 MOLLUSCA. Virrina RoBusTA (Gould). Testa helicoidea, transversa, depresso-globosa, sub-valida, polita, perlu- cida, dilute flavo-viridis, lineis incrementalibus regularibus, obtusis striata: spira obtusa, anfractibus tribus, ultimo magno ; apice sub- centrali ; subtus rotundata: apertura circularis ; margine sinistro superneé reflexo, rimam umbilicalem parvam formante. Sue. large, heliciform, depressed, firm, smooth, and diaphanous, faintly marked by somewhat regular lines of growth, and of a pale yellowish-green colour. Whorls three, forming an obtuse, depressed spire, the outer one rapidly increasing, rounded at periphery; suture rather deeply impressed or channelled. Beneath convexly rounded. Aperture transverse, ample, nearly circular, and largely modified by the penultimate whorl; lip slightly reflexed, forming a slight chink behind the columellar portion. Diameter half an inch; axis one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits New South Wales, and was presented by Mrs. Mitchell. This has about the size and form of V. nigra, Quoy, and is almost exactly like V. Freycinet7, Férussac. It is more globose and brilliant than V. marcida, and seems to be more substantially constructed than any other species. Figure 11, front; 11 @, back; 11 4, base of the shell. VITRINA CAPERATA (Gould ). Testa helicoidea, depresso-globosa, ad peripheriam obtuse angulata, tenuis, sub-opaca, striis incrementalibus conspicuis et rugis obliquis ramulosis, precipue supernis, exarata, dilute fulvo-cornea, arcte per- forata: spira anfractibus tribus cum dimidio convexis, citd crescen- tibus ; sutura profunda; apice subcentrali : apertura sub-circularis ; labro simplici, ad umbilicum everso; columella, callum simulante, secundem spiram tntroeunte. GASTEROPODA. 11 Suewt rather larger, and of a firmer structure than most species, rather opaque, and of a dull surface. It is of a subcircular, depressed form, obtusely angular at the periphery, and composed of about three and a half rapidly increasing, convex whorls, separated by a deep suture, and having the apex nearly central. The colour is tawny yellow. The strie of increment are coarse, somewhat irregular, and the surface, except near the umbilicus, and more especially above, is wrinkled with sinuous, branching furrows, not conformmg to either axis of the shell, Aperture nearly circular, the penultimate whorl but slightly encroaching upon it; lip simple, the columellar portion reflected against a rather large umbilical perforation, and produced above in the form of a delicate white callus, which is seen to revolve within the shell in the direction of the spire. Largest diameter nearly half an inch ; axis one-fifth of an inch. Obtained by Mr. Couthouy on the island of Kauai, Sandwich Islands. A large and substantial species, easily distinguished by the branch- ing wrinkles of the surface, which probably correspond to the blood- vessels of the animal. Figure 9, front view of the shell; 9 a, view from above. VITRINA TENELLA (Gould). Testa parva, V. pellucide simillima, succinea, sub-perforata, gradibus etatis conspicuis striata: spira rotundata, apice subcentralt, anfracti- bus tribus, convexis, declivibus ; sutura excavata: apertura sub-circu- laris ; labro antrorsum arcuato. SHELL minute, fragile, pellucid, heliciform, rather globose, of a pale amber-colour, and with a slight umbilical depression. The spire is elevated and obtusely rounded, composed of three convex whorls, the outer one large and sloping, separated by a deeply impressed suture, and distinctly marked by the lines of growth. Aperture nearly cir- cular, rather large, the lip curving forwards, so as to be protruded at the middle. 12 MOLLUSCA. Diameter one-third of an inch ; axis one-eleventh of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy at Kauai, Sandwich Islands. It is much like V. pellucida, but is larger, more opaque, and the aperture is larger, in consequence of the basal portion of the lip making a more convex curve. Figure 10, the front; 10 a, the back; 10 0, the base of the shell, enlarged; 10 c, natural size of the shell. Virrina FuRVA (Lowe) Gould. Helix furva, Lowe; Primit. Faune Mader. 40, pl. 5, f. 2. Drsuayes, in Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., vill. 96. Animat a very pale salmon-colour, projecting very little behind the shell. Cervical tentacles very long and slender, slaty black, with a still darker line along their posterior face down to the shell; eyes very minute, on a slight terminal bulb; oral tentacles very short, dark, and with a black line running backwards along the cheeks and neck. Respiratory orifice rather small, situated at the posterior and inferior edge of the mantle, which is but slightly developed, and scarcely protrudes from the shell. Genitalia at the base of the oral tentacles, between them and the cervical tentacles. [J. Pp. c.] Found by Mr. Couthouy, about four miles from St. Anna, Madeira, in a mountain pass. From the shell itself (which is immature), as well as from Mr. Couthouy’s description of it, I suppose it to be the Hehz furva of Lowe. I introduce it here, on the authority of Mr. Couthouy, who, from examination during life, decides that it is “‘a Vitrina belonging to the division capable of being wholly contained in the shell.” I should rather have arranged it with Succinea, allied to the peculiar helicoid form of that genus found in Brazil. The structure of both the animal and the shell justify its removal from the genus Helix. GASTEROPODA. 13 SuccingEa EXPLANATA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, scutelleformis, rotundato-elliptica, pené evoluta, concentricé striata, luteo-cornea: spira marginals, feré nulla, ommino aperta ; columella arcuata. SHELL small, thin, of a rounded elliptical outline, and of a shallow, saucer-shaped or shield-like form. The surface is concentrically striated, and covered by a yellowish-green epidermis. The spire is marginal, at one end of the ellipse, and makes only a part of one volution. The columellar margin of the aperture sweeps round in a gentle spiral, and terminates a little within the margin of the outer lip, thus forming a small umbonal cavity. Longest diameter one-fourth of an inch; shorter diameter one-fifth of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, at the island of Kauai, Sandwich Islands. Mr. Couthouy has labelled the shell “'Testacella,” but has given no account of the animal. As the formation of the spire does not corre- spond with that genus, and as it seems to be only the extreme modi- fication of a group peculiar to the Sandwich Islands, of which the three following species are members, I have placed it with them, in the genus Succinea. There is also a Succinea from Guadaloupe of the same model, though considerably more convolute. Figure 31, 31 a, 31 6, three views of the shell, enlarged; 31 c, natural size. SuccinEa PUTAMEN (Gould). Testa magna, depressa, globoso-elliptica, tenuis, levis, striis incremen- talibus et striis volventibus tenuiter decussata, fulvo-cornea, ad peri- pheriam sub-angulata: spira feré nulla, anfractibus viz duobus ; sutura lineari: apertura paginam inferiorem feré adequans, rotun- dato-ovalis ; margine columellari sub-plicato. 4 14 MOLLUSCA. Succinea putamen, GOULD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 182. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 28. Animat much larger than the shell, forming, when extended, a broad, oval disc, twice the length of the shell, the foot sometimes advancing in front of the head; mantle considerably surpassing the shell; respiratory orifice on the right side, a little behind the middle of the shell; flesh-coloured, dotted with brown, especially on the cheeks, between the tentacles, and on the top of the foot, and having faint diverging lines on the flanks. SHELL semi-ovoid, very thin and transparent, becoming thickened and opaque and pale when superannuated, of a brownish horn-colour when fresh ; surface smooth and regular. Whorls scarcely two, the upper one merely indicated by a sutural line, not prominent, but co- incident with the general surface. There are a few faint revolving strie, more especially posteriorly. Beneath plane, the aperture nearly as large as the shell, regularly oval, the lip somewhat decurrent on the left side ; the columella has a distinct fold far back, in large specimens, and considerable enamel. Length of axis five-eighths of an inch; breadth half an inch. Inhabits moist places, and especially taro-patches, at the island of Upolu. A remarkable shell, resembling the half of a bird’s egg. Distin- guished from S. rotundata by its larger size, revolving strie, and an- gular periphery. The animal is evidently quite distinct from the usual form of Suc- cinea, and would perhaps be ranked under Férussac’s genus Helico- limax. At any rate, this with the two following species, belong to a peculiar group; and I am not aware of any similar form being found elsewhere than at the Navigator’s and Sandwich Islands. Figure 16, animal with the shell, viewed laterally ; 16 a, the same seen from above ; 16 0, aperture of the shell. GASTEROPODA. 15 SuccINEA RoTUNDATA (Gould). Testa parva, tenera, sub-opaca, hemtspherica, flavido-virens, concinné striata: spira feré nulla, intus aperta ; anfractibus duobus cum di- midio, ultimo amplissimo: apertura circularis, postice angulata, testam feré adequans ; margine columellari obliquo, subrecto, conspicue plicato, et callo lato induto. Succinea rotundata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 182. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 27. AnimAL much too large for the shell, finely punctured with vermi- lion, with a dusky stripe along the middle of the tail, and one passing back from each tentacle: tentacles very much developed. SHELL small, very thin and fragile, of a pale russet colour, the sur- face very regular and smooth, crossed by very fine and rounded lines of growth. As it lies upon its aperture the periphery is nearly circu- lar, a little oval, and its back is spherically rounded. ‘There are two and a half whorls, the upper one forming a very minute spire scarcely rising above the general surface. Base rounded. Aperture nearly as large as the shell, somewhat angular posteriorly, displaying the interior of the spire; columella oblique, very slightly arcuate, having a distinct fold, and a broad coating of enamel across the penultimate whorl. Interior silvery white, calcareous. Greatest diameter two-fifths of an inch; least diameter seven- twentieths of an inch; axis three-twentieths of an inch. Obtained by Dr. Pickering on the mountains of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Its general form is like that of S. putamen, but it is much smaller, and not angular at the periphery. Both are remarkable for their regularly rounded, hemispherical form. ‘There are no revolving strie. The lip comes off so near the summit of the spire that the apex is not visible, when the shell lies on its back. 16 MOLLUSCA. There is reason to think that the shell described by Mr. Lea, under the name of S. aperta, is the same as this; and that really, it was brought by Mr. Nuttall from the Sandwich Islands, instead of from Oregon. It is one of the forms peculiar to those islands, whereas nothing similar has been found on the American continent. The Ambrette fragile of Souleyet, figured in the Voyage of the Bonite, pl. 28, f. 18-20, is also apparently the same as this, though the representation is not good. Figure 14, the aperture; 14 a, the spire; 14 4, the profile of the shell, magnified; 14 c, natural size. SUCCINEA CEPULLA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuissima, pellucida, nitida, succineo-virens, rotundato- elliptica, depressa, sinistrorsum rotundata, dextrorsum declivis, longi- tudinaliter striata et liris inequalibus volventibus arata: spira feré nulla, anfractibus duobus cum dimidio : apertura amplissima, ovals, ad basim late rotundata, ad columellam arcuata, leviter plicata ; intus metallica. Succinea cepulla, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 182. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 27. ANIMAL not observed. SHELL depressed, nearly elliptical, remarkably broad posteriorly, the back rounded on the columellar side, and shelving, rather than rounded towards the outer lip: very thin and transparent, shining, amber-coloured. Surface marked with rather coarse and irregular lines of growth, and with coarse, shallow, and distant revolving fur- rows. Spire very minute; whorls two and a half, the last composing nearly the whole shell; suture well marked ; body of the shell beneath very small. Aperture very large, the lip making a remarkable sweep outwards, at its posterior portion, and broadly rounded at base; colu- mellar portion delicate, slightly folded. The interior has a metallic lustre. GASTEROPODA. 17 Longest diameter or axis one-half an inch, shorter diameter seven- twentieths of an inch; height one-fifth of an inch. Found on the island of Hawaii, Sandwich Islands, by Dr. Picke- ring and Mr. Drayton. Like S. rotundata, it is depressed in form, and nearly destitute of an obvious spire; but it is larger, more transparent, is marked with revolving furrows, is rather oblong than circular, and the peculiar sweep of the lip gives the aperture a somewhat auricular form, poste- riorly. Figure 15, the aperture, and 15 a, the profile of the shell, magnified ; 15 6, natural size. Succinea LumBatis (Gould). Testa mediocris, ovato-conica, tenuissima, sublucida, pallidé virens, levi- ter striata, subtus gibbosa: spira acuté conica ; anfractibus tribus con- vexiusculis, ultimo ventricoso, versus suturam dechivi: apertura rotun- dato-ovata ; columellé valdé arcuata, callo induta ; plica medtocrt. Succinea lumbalis, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 183. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 28. SHELL of moderate size, conic-ovate, thin and fragile, faintly trans- parent, without lustre, of a dull, light yellowish-green colour, and marked with fine, obtuse lines of growth. Spire well developed, apex acute, whorls three or more, those of the spire slightly convex, and separated by a merely linear suture; the last whorl inflated, most so anteriorly, and sloping to the suture behind the middle, so as to give the upper part of the shell a regularly conical form. Body beneath tumid and large, with a slight columellar fold; columella roundly arched. Aperture rounded ovate, not three-fourths the length of the shell. Length of axis nine-twentieths of an inch; greatest breadth one- fourth of an inch, lesser transverse diameter one-fifth of an inch. 5 18 MOLLUSCA. Obtained on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and also on the island of Kauai, Sandwich Islands, by Mr. Couthouy. Its dull aspect, conical spire, and ventricose form are its distinctive marks. It resembles small specimens of Limnea catascopium, Say. Figure 18, the front, and 18 a, the profile view of the shell, enlarged ; 18 6, natural size. SuccInea HUMEROSA (Gould). Testa ovata, depressa, sub-rhombea, sublucida, striis incrementahibus ru- gosa, sulcis raris volventibus interdum arata, dilute virens, et interdum rubricans: spira anfractibus tribus, ultimo permagno, postice sub-an- gulato: apertura sub-ovalts, postice amplificata ; labro dextrorsum de- currente ; plica columellart conspicua. Succinea humerosa, Goutn ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 183. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 28. Animat corpulent, drab-coloured, thickly dotted with dusky and rose-red, and with a roseate edge ; a dusky line passes back from each tentacle ; the surface is finely reticulated, and there are some indistinct radiating lines. Suet rather large, compressed, broad-ovate or somewhat rhomboi- dal; surface rather coarsely wrinkled by the lines of increment, and usually with one or more indented revolving furrows, looking like de- fects in the shell. Colour pale dead green, sometimes tinged reddish. Spire well developed, somewhat reflexed, composed of three whorls, distinctly defined by a suture, the last one large, and having an indis- tinct angle at its posterior fourth, so as to form a shoulder which is quite conspicuous as it approaches the outer lip. Aperture large, nearly oval, rounded posteriorly, and having the lip reflected down the body of the shell, and also a decided flexure at the right margin, corresponding to the angle of the whorl; columella with a distinct fold. GASTEROPODA. 19 Length of axis three-fifths of an inch ; greatest breadth three-eighths, lesser breadth one-fifth of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, at Tahiti, on wild sugar-cane, at elevations of from 250 to 4000 feet. About the size of S. amphitia, and well characterized by the an- gular shoulder of the last whorl. The aperture is peculiarly broad on account of the outward sweep of the lip. Figure 19, front of the shell; 19 a, lateral view of the shell. SUCCINEA INFUNDIBULIFORMIS (Grould ). Testa acuto-conica, infundibuliformis, ad basim peroblique truncata, concinne striata, opaca, viridis: sptra obtusa, anfractibus duobus cum dimidio planulatis, ultimo magno ; sutura lineart: apertura rotundato- ovata ; margine sinistro inflexo, ad peripheriam carinato. Succinea infundibuliformis, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 186. Nov. 1346. Expedition Shells, 30. Anima “pale ochreous, finely dotted with black on the head, neck, and posterior extremity.” [s. Pp. c.] SHELL rather firm and opaque, in the form of an acute cone obliquely truncated at base, distinctly and somewhat regularly marked by dis- tant strie of growth. Colour pale greenish. Spire mammillate at apex, composed of two and a half flattened or even concave whorls, scarcely defined by the suture. Aperture broad-ovate, two-thirds the length of the shell, the columellar portion of the lip inflexed, not sinuate, in some instances having a distinct marginal carina, in continuation of the suture, at the posterior angle of the aperture, quite round to the base of the shell. Interior displayed to the apex, silvery white. Length of axis seven-tenths of an inch; breadth seven-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the mountains of Tahiti and Eimeo at an elevation of 1000 to 2000 feet, where it is often found on the stems of Fehis. 20 MOLLUSCA. A most remarkable, tunnel-shaped species, resembling precisely the sugar-cockles of the confectioners. It is allied to S. procera, which has all the outlines a little convex, an amber colour, and no inflection of the columellar margin. Figure 26, the aperture, and 26 a, the profile view enlarged; 26 3, natural size ; 26 c, the animal with the shell; 26 d, head of the animal. SUCCINEA PROCERA (Gould). Testa magna, elongata, lanceolata, fulvo-cornea, striis incrementalibus crassis rugosa: spira acuta, anfractibus tribus perobliquis convext- usculis composita, partem longitudins fere dimidiam equans : aper- tura ovato-oblongata; labro postice decurrente ; columella arcuatd, sub-incrassata. Succinea procera, Gourd; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 187. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 30. Anat pale yellowish, roseate on the sides of the neck, with a dark stripe running back from each tentacle ; on the sides are fine diverging dusky lines, and scattered black dots; tentacles small. Suet rather large, elongated, pale brownish horn-colour, the sur- face wrinkled with coarse lines of growth; spire tapering and acute, composed of three very oblique whorls; suture deep. Aperture rounded-ovate, rather more than half the length of the shell; the outer lip returning somewhat down the right side of the posterior angle; columellar lip regularly arched, slightly thickened. Length of the axis seven-tenths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch. Found at various places on the islands of Tahiti and Eimeo. A large, remarkably slender species, of coarse exterior, somewhat like S. infundibuliformis, but resembling, much more, specimens of our Limnea umbrosa. GASTEROPODA. 21 . Figure 28, the aperture ; 28 a, profile of the shell; 28 4, the animal bearing the shell. Succtnea VEsIcaLis (Gould). Testa tenuissima, fragilis, lucida, late ovata, depressa, gradibus atatis undulata, epidermide straminea induta: spira anfractibus tribus, ultimo magno, patulo, ceteris spiram parvam formantibus : apertura sul-ovalis, ad basim late rotundata, longitudinis 4 equans ;, plica columellart conspicua. Succinea vesicalis, GouuLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 183. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 28. SHELL broad ovate, very thin and fragile, shining, undulated by the stages of growth, covered with a straw-coloured epidermis. Whorls three, the two upper ones forming a minute, reflexed spire; suture moderately impressed ; body of the shell beneath pretty large and rounded. Aperture very large, broad ovate, very broadly rounded at base, lip not reverting on the left side; fold of the columella well- marked ; interior shining and silvery. Length of axis three-fifths of an inch; greatest breadth three- eighths, lesser breadth two-eighths of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, on Mauna Kea, at an elevation of 7000 feet, Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. In shape it is much like S. rubescens, except that the columellar portion is more fully arched anteriorly. Figure 17, view of the aperture; 17 a, profile view of the shell. SuUCCINEA PUDURINA (Gould). Testa elongata, ovato-turrita, tenuis, lucida, strits conspicuis longitudi- nalibus notata, succineo-rubescens: spira elevata, anfractibus tribus cylindracets valde obliquis et sutura profundda discretis compositu. 6 22 MOLLUSCA. Apertura teste trientes duos adequans, elongato-ovata, angusta ; colu- mella obliqua, sub-recta, vix plicata. Succinea pudorina, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 186. Noy. 1846. Expedition Shells, 30. ANIMAL small, of a dark, ochreous colour, tinted roseate, and mottled in a somewhat radiate manner by dusky pencillings; a dusky line along the back of the tentacles; surface very finely reticulated. SHELL rather large, thin and fragile, elongated, slender ovate, of a pale amber-colour, more or less tinted with roseate, especially at tip ; surface roughened by coarse lines of increment. Whorls three, very oblique, and forming an acute, elongated, partially reflexed spire; they are remarkably rounded, and separated by a profound suture. Aperture two-thirds the length of the shell, narrow and regularly ovate, lip slightly retirimg posteriorly, and consequently convex in profile; columellar fold very slight. Length of axis eleven-twentieths of an inch; lateral breadth four- tenths, vertical breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the mountains of Tahiti and Eimeo, at an elevation of from 200 to 4000 feet. This species is closely allied to the elongated variety of S. amphibia, or to the American species which passes under the name of S. ovata. It has a more slender figure, and more elongated spire than S. hame- rosa, and the penultimate whorl, when viewed on the side of the aper- ture, is nearly twice as long; the aperture itself is also much narrower and more contracted. Figure 27, the aperture, and 27 a, the profile view of the shell; 27 , the animal bearing the shell. SuccinEa veNusTA (Gould). Testa mediocris, ovata, tenuis, pellucida, nitida, ordinatim striata, epi- dermide succined interdum virescente induta, subtus gibbosa: spira conspicua, obtusiuscula, anfractibus duobus cum dimidio rotundatis : GASTEROPODA. 23 apertura ovata, longitudinis teste trientes duos adequans, postice angulata ; columella obliqua, absque plica. Succinea venusta, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 186. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 30. SHELL of middle size, beautifully proportioned, ovate, thin, transpa- rent and shining, of a pale, sometimes greenish amber-colour, marked with rather distant, nearly regular, rounded lines of growth. Whorls two and a half, gracefully rounded, separated by a deep suture, and forming a well-proportioned, prominent, obtusely pointed spire. Body beneath large and gibbous, with no perceptible fold on the colu- mella. Aperture regularly ovate, angular behind, without enamel on the left margin, rather more than two-thirds the length of the shell. Length of axis nine-twentieths of an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Found on Mount Kea, at an elevation of 7000 feet, Hawaii, Sand- wich Islands. Almost exactly like S. ovals, Gould, but a little more corpulent. It is less elongated than S. pudorina, more shining, and differently coloured. Succinea MopEsTA (Gould). Testa mediocris, ovata, tenuis, nitens, diaphana, stramineo-cornea, tenu- iter striata, et lineis interruptis volventibus arata, subtus ventricosa : spira reflexa, anfractibus tribus, ventricosis: apertura rotundato- ovata; columella arcuata, incrassata, sub-perforata ; plica conspicua. Succinea modesta, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 186. Noy. 1846. Expedition Shells, 29. Anima small, fawn-coloured, minutely annulated with dark colour about the neck, radiated posteriorly, margin paler; tentacles small, with a dark stripe running backwards from them. Q4 MOLLUSCA. ~ Suet of small size and regular proportions, regularly ovate, the spire prominent and somewhat reflexed, but conforming to the other outlines. It is thin and transparent, smooth and shining, of a pale golden-green colour, with delicate lines of growth and occasional ves- tiges of revolving lines, which, however, never seem to be complete. Whorls three, regularly rounded; body beneath ventricose, with a distinct flexure at the umbilical region, so that the columellar margin is prominent and thickened at that part; still higher up is the regular columellar fold. Aperture rounded-ovate, three-fourths the length of the shell. Length of axis one-third of an inch; breadth two-ninths of an inch. Found at Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands, and also at Upolu, Samoa Islands. Like a small S. campestris, Say. Differs from S. venusta by its shorter spire, pale greenish colour, and more arcuated columella. Figure 24, the aperture, 24 a, profile of the shell, and 24 d, side of the shell with the animal, twice the natural size ; 24 c, natural size. SuccinEa MacELvanica (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, subflexilis, lucida, nitida, intensé virens, rotundato- ovata: spira brevis, acuta, anfractibus tribus, sutura profunda discre- lis, ultimo amplo, ventricoso: apertura ovata; margine columellart reflexiusculo, callo tent supernée munito. Succinea Magellanica, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 185. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 29. AnimaL much too large for the shell; foot broad, hght brown under- neath ; head and neck dark brown, passing into rufous brown on the sides, and into yellowish on the margin of the foot; the sides are marked by numerous diverging lines, extending from the collar toa furrow just above the margin of the foot; from this marginal furrow lines pass perpendicularly to the margin of the foot; cervical tentacles long and robust, oral ones very short. Respiratory orifice very small. GASTEROPODA. 25 Situated at the right posterior third of the collar, which is very thick and fleshy. SHELL small, thin, delicate, and somewhat flexible, of a short, ovate form, and a bright leaf-green colour. The lines of increment are con- spicuous, somewhat irregular, and sometimes there are distant, inter- rupted, revolving strie. Whorls three, very convex, and separated by a deep suture, the two upper ones forming a short, acute spire; the last ample, ventricose. Aperture ovate, rather acute posteriorly ; the columellar margin slightly reflected, and the extremities of the lip united across the penultimate whorl by a thin callus. Length of axis one-third of an inch; breadth two-ninths of an inch. [a Pc.]] Found by Mr. Couthouy, at Tierra del Fuego, who states that it is abundant in moist places around Orange Harbour. It is a small, remarkably short and ventricose species, conspicuous also for its deep green colour. Some specimens are much more elon- gated than others. It is interesting from its habitat, and is the only antarctic species yet known. Figure 22, front, and 22 a, profile of the shell, enlarged; 22 b, the animal crawling with the shell, also enlarged ; 22 c, natural size. SuccinEa MaNuANA (Gould). Testa parva, ovata, ventricosa, tenuis, sub-opaca, straminea, longitudr- naliter striata et transverse sparsim rugosa: spira obtusa, exserta, anfractibus duobus cum dimidio, ventricosis, sutura profunda discretis : apertura ovato-rotundata, peristomate ad columellam minime reflexo ; regione umbilical depressa, sinuosd. Succinea Manuana, Govutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 185. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 29. Preirrer; Monog. ii. 520. SHELL small, thin, ovate, rather opaque, pale straw-coloured, faintly tinged with roseate, strie of increment rather coarse, with a few trans- 7 26 MOLLUSCA. verse wrinkles. Spire exserted, tip obtuse, whorls two and a half, ventricose, separated by a deep suture, the apicial one buried in the following one. Aperture rounded-ovate, region of the columella notably sinuous, almost umbilicated ; lip thin, slightly reflexed. Length of axis one-third of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the island of Manua, near the Society Islands, where it was collected by Mr. Couthouy. A small, plump species resembling S. Magellanica, but still more ventricose, and distinguished from it by its pale colour and opaque structure. It is also closely allied to S. venusta. Figure 23, the aperture, and 23 a, profile view of the shell, magni- fied ; 23 4, natural size. Succrnea capuca (Mighels). Testa parva, ovato-turrita, pallidé virens, sub-opaca, impolita, striis in- crementalibus confertis, conspicuis insculpta : spira anfractibus tribus cum dimidio ventricosis ; sutura profunda : apertura ovata, dimidiam longitudinis teste aliquid superans ; columella nec sinuatd, nec callosa. Succinea caduca, Micuets; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 21. Jan. 1845. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic. viv. 11. 519. SHELL small, turreted ovate, somewhat reflexed, thin, semi-transpa- rent, of a pale, faded green colour, the surface deadened by crowded, rather loose lines of growth. Whorls three and a half, rounded, the last one sub-globose, the others separated by an impressed suture, and forming an acute, prominent spire. The aperture is about five-eighths the length of the shell, small, broadly ovate ; the columellar portion of the body is large and rounded, not enamelled, and without a conspi- cuous, columellar fold. Length of axis three-tenths of an inch; greatest breadth three-twen- tieths, lesser breadth one-eighth of an inch. - GASTEROPODA. Q7 Inhabits the Sandwich Islands, whence it was obtained and de- seribed by Dr. J. W. Mighels. It was also found by Mr. Couthouy on Mauna Kea, at an elevation of 7000 feet; and as no figure of it has ever been given, it was deemed: proper to introduce it here. The shell has also much the aspect of a Limnea, and would be with difficulty distinguished from S. avara. It is also allied to S. canella, but it is less broadly ovate, more slender, greener, and the columellar region is quite different. Figure 30, the front, and 30 a, the profile of the shell, enlarged ; 30 4, natural size. SUCCINEA CANELLA (Gould). Testa parva, sub-solida, opaca, ovata, impolita, cinnamomea, leviter striata : sptra conspicua ; anfractibus tribus, ventricosis, suturd valdé constricta discretis: apertura parva, ovato-rotunda ; peristomate in- crassato, posticé sub-continuo ; columella arcuata, haud plicata. Succinea canella, Gourd; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 184. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 29. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. viv. Lio hOe SHELL small, short ovate, ventricose, composed of three whorls, of which the last is globular-ovate and moderately large, and the others form a well-developed spire, and are nearly disjoined from each other by a very profound suture. The surface is longitudinally marked with fine crowded lines, and has a dead, rusty-yellow colour, without lustre. The aperture is small, rounded-ovate, and somewhat contracted, the extremities of the lip having a tendency to become continuous; the columellar portion of the body of the shell is very small, and covered with callus, the outer lip returning downwards upon it; it is sharp, and without perceptible fold. Within, it is smooth and shining. Length of axis one-third of an inch; breadth two-ninths of an inch. Inhabits the island of Maui, Sandwich Islands. Much like S. avara, Say, and S. caduca, Mighels; it is, however, 28 MOLLUSCA. less green, more inflated in its form, and with a shorter aperture, and smaller body whorl than the latter. It has the size, but not the colour or columella of S. manuana. Figure 20, aperture, and 20 a, profile of the shell, magnified; 20 4, natural size. SUCCINEA RUSTICANA (Gould). Testa-elongata, ovato-conica, tenuis, pallid? virens, impolita, lineis incre- mentalibus inequalibus et crassis striata, subtus convexa: spira acuta, anfractibus tribus convexiusculis: apertura ovata, quadrantes tres longitudinis adequans ; columella arcuata, perspicué plicata. Succinea rusticana, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 187. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 31. Prreirrer; Monog. i. 523. SHELL elongate, ovate-conical, rather large, thin, and fragile; pale greenish horn-colour, surface rude and without lustre, coarsely and irregularly marked by the lines of growth. Spire acute, of three or more moderately convex whorls, separated by a well-impressed suture, the last whorl large and long, narrowing towards the base; body por- tion of the face of the shell moderately large. Aperture ovate, three- fourths the length of the shell ; fold of the columella distinct. Length of axis half an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits Oregon. Somewhat related to S. pudorina, in form, but very different in colour. Figure 29, front of the shell; 29 a, side of the shell, with the animal ; 29 6, profile of the shell. Succinea crocata (Gould). Testa pinguts, sub-solida, sub-opaca, ovato-globosa, saturate crocea, liners GASTEROPODA. 29 tncrementi exilibus et interdum linets inordinatis volventibus striata : spira brevis, acuta, anfractibus vix tribus, convexis, sutura profundis- stma discretis, ultimo ventricoso: apertura magna, rotundato-ovata ; columella carinata sub-incrassata, haud sinuosa: intus calcarea. Succinea crocata, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 183. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 29. Pretmrer; Monog. Helic., ii. 520. ANIMAL small for the shell, of a delicate rose-colour with straw- coloured reflections, having an umber stripe along the median line, and an oblique one on each side directed towards the oral tentacle; sides marked with delicate diverging furrows. Suey. A very large, inflated species. quite solid and nearly opaque, of a deep saffron-colour; the surface has but little lustre, is marked with fine and regular lines of increment, and sometimes with irregular, interrupted, revolving ridges and furrows. ‘There are scarcely three whorls, the first two of which are convex, and separated by a very deep suture, and form a short, well-developed spire; the last is large afd greatly inflated. The aperture is large, rounded ovate, the lip pass- ing round without any sinuosity at the columella, and but slightly thickened there. Length of axis five-eighths of an inch; breadth half an inch. Found abundantly in very moist and in shady places, at an elevation of 1200 feet, at Upolu and other islands of the Navigator Group. This remarkable shell may be readily known by its large size, inflated form, and its peculiar colour. The spire is remarkably con- torted. Figure 21, the front; 21 a, profile of the shell ; 21 4, the animal with the shell. NANINA RUBRICATA (Gould). Testa globoso-conica, solida, vix perforata, supra nitida, rufo-castanea, strus radiantibus gregatim dispositis et striis volventibus decussata, 8 30 MOLLUSCA. infra glaberrima, livido-castanea, ad centrum dechvis: spira anfrac- tibus sex convexis, amplis ; sutura submarginata: apertura semiluna- ris ; fauce livida ; labro simplici, ad columellam reflexo, albo. Helix (Nanina) rubricata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 178. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 25. Anima corpulent, the back and the two lobes of the mantle with bright crimson reflections, the sides shaded with lilac, darker on the neck, where there is a distinct, central white line passing over the head between the tentacles, and two oblique lateral ones directed to the oral tentacles, like the reins of a bridle; there is a distinct submarginal furrow, and there are marginal radiations; surface irregularly and delicately reticulated ; tentacles long and tapering, enlarged at base, lilac ; anal lappet very long. Suet. globose-conical, rather solid; beneath, it is highly polished and shining, of a livid, brownish olive-colour; above, reddish chestnut brown. ‘The lines of growth are fine and sharp, somewhat grouped into little waves resembling coarse and rather regular strie; and these are decussated by revolving lines which do not extend much below the periphery of the shell. Whorls six, well rounded; suture deep, and very slightly margined. Aperture rather small, semilunar, the throat coloured like the exterior, or a little glaucous; lip simple and sharp, slightly reflected and white as it passes the umbilicus, Umbilical region excavated, with a very minute perforation, Diameter one inch; axis three-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Lebouka, Feejee Islands. In shape and size it is like H. zaleta and H. zrregularis ; but in all other respects it is like H. velutina, Sowb., to which it is very closely allied. Perhaps it is H. Nowlete, Le Guillou. Figure 66, the animal, with the shell; 66 @, portion of the shell magnified to show the sculpture. GASTEROPODA. 3] NantNa Luripa (Gould). Testa globoso-conica, depressa, glaberrima, nitida, livido-castanea, mfra pallescens, ad umbilicum minutum declivis : spira anfractibus sex con- veris, radiatim et obtusé striatis, ultimo prope aperturam subangulato ; sutura impressa, marginata: apertura lunata, fauce lvida ; labro acuto, ad umbilicum reflexo, albo. Helix lurida, Goutv; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 179. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 25. Pretrrer ; Monog. Helic., 1. 47. Suet globose-conical, depressed, moderately thick, polished and shining, with only rather distant, obtuse, radiating striz above. Colour lurid, or chestnut diluted with olive ; beneath becoming centrally paler, until at the umbilicus it is nearly straw-coloured. Whorls six, convex, the last whorl somewhat angulated towards the aperture. Suture well impressed, with a marginal impressed line. Aperture semilunar, the throat livid; lip simple and sharp, slightly reflected at the umbili- cus, which is very minute; central region excavated beneath. Diameter one inch; axis half an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Very similar to H. rubricata, which, however, is rather larger, more solid and globose, darker coloured. It differs essentially in the want ~ of revolving striz, its carinated periphery, and the light colour above the umbilicus. It groups with H. veludina, Sowb., and doubtless belongs to NaNnIna. Figures 68, 63 a, 68 b, three views of the shell. Nantna casca (Gould), Testa tenuis, depresso-globosa, nitida, pallidé stramineo-virescens, arcte umbilicata : spira anfractibus quinque haud turgtdis, strits increments obsoletis : sutura haud impressa, marginata: apertura semilunaris ; labro simplici, acuto, ad umlilicum paulum reflexo. 32 MOLLUSCA. Helix calva, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1.179. Noy. 1846. Expedition Shells, 25. Premrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 41. Suet thin, depressed globose, highly polished, of a pale cinereous olive-colour, somewhat inclined to flesh-colour, paler beneath. Whorls five, not turgid above, but arranged so as to present a regular dome- shaped convexity, their boundary being faintly indicated by the double suture. The lines of growth are scarcely perceptible, except near the termination of the outer whorl. Beneath, this whorl is turgid, round- ing off into a very small, fissure-like perforation, in front of which is a slight reflection of the columellar portion of the lip. Aperture semi- lunar, the lip simple and very sharp. Diameter four-fifths of an inch; axis half an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Similar to H. durida, but smaller and lighter-coloured, and is plainly distinguished by its smooth, shining, rounded spire, similar to the summit of H. Moricandi or H. lychnuchus. This must also be a Nanina. The name originally applied by me having been preoccu- pied, I have substituted the present. Figure 69, the shell above; 69 a, the profile; 69 4, basal view. Nanina FRICATA (Gould). Testa rotata, tenuis, viridi-cornea, superne convextiuscula, hris crebris radiantibus interdum furcatis insculpta, inferne glabrata, umbilco lato, profundo, infundibuliformi perforata: spira anfractibus quatuor cum dimidio ; suiura impressa: apertura rotundata ; labro stmplict. SHELL rotate, thin, greenish horn-colour, a little convex above, and marked with rather crowded but distinct ridges in the direction of the lines of growth, many of which bifurcate towards the periphery, where the ridges disappear and leave the basal face polished, or reappear within the umbilicus; umbilicus large, penetrating to the summit and gradually decreasing with each whorl; aperture rather large, circular, except where interrupted by the penult whorl; lip simple: whorls GASTEROPODA. 33 four and a half, very little convex, separated by a well-impressed suture. Diameter seven-tenths of an inch; axis one-third of an inch. Found by Mr. Drayton, at Illawarra, New South Wales. Its lower face is almost precisely that of H. olivetorum, but the shell is more delicate, and the upper surface ridged with elevated lines like H. lucubrata, many of which bifurcate, a character I have not observed on any other species. Nanina scorpio (Gould). Testa rotundata, depressa, rubro-castanea, fasciis radiantibus atro-pur- pureis tessellata, subtus haud convexa: sptra depressa, anfractibus quatuor cum dimidio convezis. Helix (Nanina) scorpio, GouLp; Proceed. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 178. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 24. Preirrer; Monog. i. 431. Animat elongated, lilac-coloured, with crimson and purple reflections, a very distinct submarginal ochreous line, and with the marginal lim- bus radiately wrinkled ; a dark bridle line passes from under the shell on the neck, down each side, to the oral tentacles. Tentacles elongated. The anal lappet is very long, and besides this, there are six other lap- pets, arranged on either side of the median line in three pairs. Surface irregularly reticulated. SHELL discoidal, ground-colour mahogany, with quadrate tessellations of slate-colour. Spire slightly elevated, of about four and a half con- vex whorls; not convex beneath. . Diameter three-fifths of an inch ; axis two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Drayton. The above characters were drawn from the figure of a shell (the original not having been found) which looks somewhat like Cyclostoma 9 34 MOLLUSCA. tigrinum. Its inhabitant is most peculiar; having, besides the usual anal lappet of Nanina covering the mucus-pore, six smaller ones. When these are erect, the animal has somewhat the aspect of a scor- pion. Perhaps the checkered colouring of the figure is derived from the colours of the animal within, showing through a transparent shell. Figures 67, 67 a, two views of the animal, with the shell ; 67 4, the mucus-pore enlarged. NanIna iRRADIATA (Gould). Testa conico-globosa, tenuis, imperforata, albida, supra purpureo radia- tim tessellata, linets incrementi acutis confertim striata, subtus rotun- data: spira anfractibus sex convexis, ultimo sub-angulato : apertura transversa, lunata ; labro acuto, ad columellam incurvato, viz reflexo. Hehx (Nanina) trradiata, Goutp ; Proceed. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 178. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 25. Prremrer; Monog. Helic. Viv. i. 29. Animat pale pea-green, with ochreous reflections on the neck. Its shape is nearly uniform throughout, truncated obliquely at extremity, where there is a mucus-pore. Tentacles very long, and of inferior size ; lateral line very distinct along the middle of the sides, rising retrally ; above this, finely granulated; beneath thickly fringed with radiating lines. SHELL small, globose-conic, thin, imperforate, white, checkered above with radiating purplish-brown or chestnut stripes. Whorls six, rather convex, covered with crowded, minute, sharp lines of growth, and with the periphery slightly angular. Suture well marked. Aperture transverse, lunate, the columellar portion continuing its circular curve as it joins the penult whorl; lip simple and sharp, a little flattened on the left side. Diameter one-fourth of an inch ; axis three-eighths of an inch. Found by Mr. Brackenridge at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. A singularly coloured shell, in shape more like H. cubensis, Pfeiffer, GASTEROPODA. 35 than any which I recollect. The colours are arranged somewhat like those on Bulimus vexillum. Figure 65, shell with the animal; 65 a, the shell above, and 65 b, the base of the shell, enlarged ; 65 ¢, natural size. ; Hevrx mraminata (Gould). Testa depresso-globosa, imperforata, tenuis, translucida, alba, epider- mide tenuissimo stramineo induta ; spira depressa, anfractibus qua- tuor convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato : apertura rotundata, ampla ; columella planulata, acuta ; labro everso. Anima greatly developed, and elongated so as to equal three dia- meters of the shell in length. Its colour is white, with sky-blue reflections. There is a dorsal line of blue on the neck, and one passes back from each tentacle. he shell is placed far back upon the animal. Suet depressed, globose, imperforate, thin and translucent, of a pure white, covered with a very delicate straw-coloured epidermis. There are about four whorls, forming a low, nearly flat spire, the last faintly angular at the periphery. Aperture large, rounded ; the co- lumella flattened, acute edged; lip everted ; beneath tumid, imper- forate. Diameter one inch; axis two-thirds of an inch. Obtained from a tree at the island of Mangsi, Straits of Balabac. I am somewhat in doubt as to the validity of this species. In shape it is like H. intorta, excepting that the last whorl above the columella has less altitude, and there are no revolving dusky bands. From #H. Valenciennesii it differs in being less globose, in having a thinner columella, differently directed, and no sutural line. Figure 47, shell with the animal. 36 MOLLUSCA. Hetix VaNncouverensis (Lea). Testa planulata, late umbilicata, luteo-viridescens : spira anfractibus quinque subtus rotundatis : apertura transversa, subcircularts, superné depressa ; labro inferne sub-reflexo, superné simplice ; columella brevt, callosa. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea; Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi. 87, pl. 23, f. 72; Dr Kay, Nat. Hist. New York, 45; Preirrer, Symbole, ii. 41; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 200; Binney, United States Land Mol- lusks, 11. 266, pl. 20. Heliz concava, Binney; Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., 11. 372, pl. 14. Animmat abbreviated posteriorly, sub-cylindrical, very light-coloured, giving a straw-coloured reflection, sides pearly, marked with longitu- dinal lines of coarse, elongated, squameform papille, about eight or ten on each side, diminishing in size towards the margin. This shell has sometimes been considered as a variety of H. con- cava, but since a larger number of specimens have been examined, the differences between them are so constant that no doubt can longer exist. It is always of a darker colour, and nearly twice as large. It is one of many instances where different species of analogous forms are found on the two slopes of the Rocky Mountains. Found by Mr. Drayton and Dr. Pickering, rather common along the Columbia River, Oregon. Figure 37, the shell with the animal. Hetix stricosa (Gould). Testa orbicularis, depressa, scabrata, laté umbilicata, cinereo-grisea vel fuscescens, fasciis linearibus volventibus pallide fuscis interdum subtus notata: spira anfractibus quinque convextusculis ; ultimo angulato et prope aperturam deflexo: apertura circularis ; labro simplict, continuo. Helix strigosa, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., u. 167. GASTEROPODA. 37 Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 18. Briyney; Land Mollusks of United States, ii. 210. Premrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 121. Suet orbicular, slightly and about equally convex above and be- neath, broadly umbilicated, surface irregular, and roughened above by indentations and coarse lines of growth, and by occasional fine revolving lines; smooth and shining beneath. Colour ashy-gray, “somewhat mottled with dusky or altogether rusty-brown above, with usually a single faint revolving band on the middle of each whorl, and often with numerous bands unequal in size and distance beneath. Whorls five, separated by a well-defined suture, moderately convex, carinated at its commencement and deflexed near the aperture, which is circular, with the lip simple, and very nearly continuous. Diameter nine-tenths of an inch; axis two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits along Puget Sound, Pickering ; Columbia River, Drayton. In form it may be compared, among the shells of this continent, to H. concava, and H. alternata ; but in its opaque and rugged aspect, and in most of its characters, it nearly resembles some of the varieties of H. alpina, of Europe (H. Schmidtii, H. tigrina), but that species is more elevated, has the umbilicus smaller, the tip reflexed, and no revolving bands. Figures 41, 41 a, 41 0, three views of the shell. HELIX sPORTELLA (Gould). Testa planulata, fragilis, nitida, luteo-cornea, subtus concava, late um- bilicata, lineis incrementi conspicuis et linets volventibus subtilissimis confertim decussata ; anfractibus quinque, ultimo magno ; suturd pro- funda: apertura rotundata, infra subangulata ; labro acuto, simplict. Helix sportella, Gov. ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 167. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 18. Preirrer; Monog. Helic., i. 111. SHELL much depressed, convex above, concave beneath, sloping into a broad, tunnel-shaped umbilicus, delicate and shining, of a light, 10 38 MOLLUSCA. yellowish-green colour. Surface regularly marked with sharp, coarse lines of growth, which are crossed by fine, crowded, revolving lines, that merely cut the summits of the radiating lines, so that to the naked eye the surface appears minutely granulated, but under the lens the raised spaces are seen to be cut into squares. Whorls five, separated by a deep suture, the outer one proportionally large. Aper- ture nearly circular, a little angular at base, modified by the preceding whorl ; lip acute, simple. Diameter half an inch; axis eleven-fortieths of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. Pzckering. Much like H. concava, Say, which, however, presents a very smooth surface, a smaller and less circular aperture, an umbilicus much broader, as the outer whorl increases less rapidly. I know of no North American species which has the surface similarly decussated. The specimens are immature, and probably the lip is sightly reflected or thickened in adults. Figures 42, 42 a, 42 b, three views of the shell ; 42 c, magnified por- tion of the surface. HELIx spPrRILuus (Gould). Testa parva, planorboidea, tenuis, diaphana, levis, virescens: spira de- pressa, anfractibus quinis convextusculis, arcté volutatis, ad periphe- riam rotundatis ; sutura impressa: apertura subcircularis ; labro albo, reflexiusculo ; columella callo subdentato munita. ANIMAL almost transparent, of a delicate straw-colour. [4. Pp. c.] SHELL small, depressed, slightly convex above, broadly concave beneath, thin, translucent, nearly smooth, of a greenish-drab (watery- green) colour. Spire composed of five slightly convex, closely revoly- ing whorls, separated by a deep suture; periphery rounded beneath, with a broad umbilicus displaying the edges of all the whorls. Aper- ture nearly circular, extensively modified by the penultimate whorl ; lip white, thickened and slightly reflected, retreating as it joins the GASTEROPODA. 39 penultimate whorl superiorly. A thick callus crosses the penultimate whorl, and is so arranged as to produce an oblique, microscopic tooth at the upper angle of the aperture, in the adult. Diameter one-fourth of an inch; axis one-tenth of an inch. Obtained on the mountains beyond the valley of Amancaes (Lima), under stones. [J. P. c. ] This is a miniature H. concava, remarkable for the peculiar pro- trusion of the lip, which is also white and a little thickened. ‘The umbilicus is larger than in H. pusillus. It may possibly be H. trochi- lionides, D’Orb., (Amer. Merid. Moll., 251, pl. 27.) Heix tyrata (Couthouy) Gould. Testa minuta, depressa, rufo-cornea, umbilicata: spira anfractibus qua- tuor cylindracets, et striis elevatis confertis lyratis ; suturd canalicu- lata: apertura circularis ; labro simplict. Hehz lyrata (Couthouy, MS.,) Goutp; Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 167. Aug. 1846. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 101. Expedition Shells, 19. Animat dark brown on the back, passing into slate-colour down the sides; beneath pale slate-colour. Body covered anteriorly with lozenge-shaped granulations. ‘Tentacles moderately long, rather stout, eyes large. Respiratory orifice very small, near the median margin of the collar. SHELL minute, depressed, brownish horn-colour, somewhat mottled with cinereous rays. Suture channelled: Whorls four, or a little more, nearly cylindrical, their surface delicately barred with minute, crowded, rib-like strie. Aperture nearly circular, modified by the penultimate whorl; lip simple. Umbilicus of moderate size, but dis- tinetly showing the rounded walls of all the whorls. Length of the axis one-twentieth of an inch; diameter one-fifth of an inch. 40 MOLLUSC A. Found by Mr. Couthouy near Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego. Both this species and H. saxatilis were obtained upon the very summit of the highest mountain in the neighbourhood of Orange Harbour, about six miles inland, and a mile or more to the north- east of the remarkable peak called the Sentry-box. They were found exclusively under small, dry stones, about the roots of a species of Usnea, which is almost the only vegetation there. None were found under stones where there was any amount of moisture. Such as were placed in a jar with moist moss died in two or three days, while others, tightly enclosed in a dry box with dry moss, continued alive and active for a fortnight. They soon closed the aperture with a thin, brown epiphragm, but on exposure to the sun, most of them began actively to crawl about, though some resolutely adhered to their preparation for winter quarters. The epidermis is thick and the shell delicate, as is always the case in cold regions. The summit where these snails are found has as bleak and desolate an aspect as could well be imagined. ‘The rocks are heaped up in irregular and jagged masses, and in some places we crossed from one to the other on the hands and knees, over narrow ridges composed of ragged blocks, which often, as we reached to them for support, rolled away down the precipice a thousand feet. The estimated height of the peak is 1600 feet; and none of the snails were found on searching 200 feet below. [1. P. c.] It is about the size and colour of H. rupestris, but more depressed, and with a less expanded umbilicus. It agrees nearly with D’Or- bigny’s H. costellata, from Buenos Ayres (Amer. Merid. 252, part 26, f. 6-9), but it is not so large, and the striz are finer. Figure 34, animal with the shell; 34a, profile, and 34 0, base of the shell, enlarged; 34 c, natural size. HEeLix pauxituus (Gould). Testa minuta, tenuis, depressa, supra oblique striata, albido-virens, infra viridior, sub-polita, perforata: spira anfractibus quatuor sub- planulatis ; sutura profunda: apertura circulars ; labro simplict. GASTEROPODA. Al Helix pusillus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 171. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 19. SHELL small, depressed, thin, rather opaque, pale green above, darker below, coarsely striated above, less so below, where may be seen, by a lens, vestiges of revolving strie. Whorls four, or a little less, nearly flat above, separated by a deep suture, the outer one a little declivous, rounded at periphery : beneath convexly rounded into a rather large umbilicus. Aperture oblique, circular, modified by the penult whorl; lip simple. Axis three-fortieths of an inch; diameter seven-fortieths of an inch. Obtained by Mr. Drayton, on the mountains of Kast Maui, Sand- wich Islands. Scarcely to be distinguished from H. electrina, Gould, in size and form. It is, perhaps, a little more depressed, less lucid and deep- coloured, and is more coarsely striated above and beneath, while H. electrina is polished beneath. It is also like H. spirillus, but has a much smaller umbilicus. The name first given is preoccupied. Figure 46, the shell above; 46a, profile; and 460, shell from below, enlarged; 46 c, natural size. HE.ix ziczac (Gould). Testa parva, rotundata, depressa, stramaneo-allida, lineolis obliquis ful- minantibus fuscis picta, et laminis acutis confertis, reflexis, pilosis, lyrata ; subtus convexa, umbilico magno scalartformi perforata: spira anfractibus sex convexis, angustis : apertura subcircularis, ad basim subangulata ; labro simplici, prope umbilicum reflexo. Helix ziczac, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 166. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 17. Pretrer; Monog. Helic., i. 116. SHELL small, rather solid, depressed, of a pale straw-colour, variega- ted with very numerous fine, dusky, zigzag lines, the general direction 11 42 MOLLUSCA. of which is oblique to the axis. Whorls six, narrow and closely con- voluted, crossed with fine, crowded, recurved lamine, which curve gracefully like an S in their course, and bear fine, scattered hairs. Above, they form a low, dome-shaped spire. Suture profound. Be- neath convex, with a large, deep umbilicus, in which all the whorls are beautifully displayed. Aperture nearly circular, modified by the penult whorl, a little angular at base, so that the columellar portion rises nearly vertically, and is a little reflexed. Diameter three-tenths of an inch; axis one-sixth of an inch. Found by Dr. Pickering, in a crater near Taiaimi, New Zealand. A very beautiful and remarkable shell, in its markings, unlike any other I know, excepting H. dissimils, D’Orbigny (Amer. Merid. 247, pl. 26, f. 18-21), which much resembles it, but it is larger, more marked in dots, and is not described as hairy. In general form, striation, umbilicus, &c., it is like H. sériata, Drap., but somewhat more depressed. Figure 44, the shell above ; 44 a, view of the side ; 44 , view of the base; 44 c, magnified view of the sculpture. HELIX saxaTILis (Couthouy ) Gould. Testa parva, sub-globosa, lucida, viridis, infra convexa, umbilico modico perforata, leviter striata: spira anfractibus vix quatuor cylindracets, cito crescentibus ; sutura canaliculata : apertura sub-orbicularis, ampla ; labro simplici, ferée continuo. Hehz saxatilis, (Couthouy) MS., Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 171. Aug. 1346. Expedition Shells, 19. PFEIrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 84. Anima “bright black, covered with fine granulations ; foot beneath dark slate-colour. Body elongated, rounded, separated from the foot by a fine beaded ridge in a slight furrow. Head abrupt; upper ten- tacles long and slender, inferior ones about one-third their length. GASTEROPODA. 43 Respiratory orifice large, on the right side behind the collar, which is thick and of a dark slate-colour. Near the extremity of the foot above, is a sort of truncation, in which is situated a mucus-pore.”’ SHELL small, fragile, thin, of a leaf-green colour, depressed above, rounded below, delicately striated. Suture deeply channelled. Whorls less than four, rounded and rapidly enlarging. Aperture nearly cir- cular, being but little modified by the penultimate whorl; lip simple ; urnbilicus rather small. [J. Pp. c.] Length of axis one-tenth of an inch; diameter one-fourth of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, on the mountains near Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego, in company with H. /yrata. Resembles in general H. ducida, and is remarkable for its globular form and fresh green colour. For its locality and habits see the re- marks under H. lyrata, page 40. Figure 33, animal with the shell, enlarged ; 33 a, profile of the shell ; and 33 8, base of the shell, enlarged ; 33, natural size. HELIx cicercuLa (Gould). Testa depresso-globosa, tenuis, sub-opaca, imperforata, albido-virescens, strits incrementi conspicuis et striis volventibus sparsts insculpta, infra rotundata ; foved central modica: spira anfractibus quinque convexis, ultimo angulato : apertura lunata ; labro simpli ; columella superné viz reflexa. Helix cicercula, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 171. Aug. 1850. Expedition Shells, 20. Pretrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., 39. SHELL sub-orbicular, depressed, thin, slightly diaphanous, of a pale grayish-green colour, marked with rather distinct, irregular lines of growth above and beneath, and with a few faint, irregular, revolving lines. Whorls five, rather convex, separated by a well-marked suture, and forming an obtuse, depressed spire. Periphery with an 44 MOLLUSCA. acute, slightly developed angle. Beneath convexly rounded, with a small, rather deep umbilical pit. Aperture lunate, lip simple, very slightly reflexed at its central junction. Diameter one-fourth of an inch; axis three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the mountains of Hawaii. Drayton, Brackenridge. Its general aspect is that of H. swbrutila, Mighels, but it is more elevated, more opaque, less fragile, the incremental lines are coarser, with a few revolving lines; the periphery is more rounded and less carinated. ‘The whorls are more convex, with a deeper suture, and the lip is less spread over the umbilical pit. The colour is of a more pale pea-green. Beneath, the whorl is much more rounded, the um- bilical pit is deeper, and there is no semblance of a columellar twist. Figure 73, the shell above ; 73 a, the side; and 73 8, the base of the shell, enlarged ; 73 c, natural size. HeLix cryproportica (Gould). Testa parva, orliculari-depressa, ad apicem acuta, tenuis, pellucida, nitida, luteo-virescens, leviter striata ; infra rotundata, imperforata ; fovea central parva: spira anfractibus quinque cum dimidio convext- usculis, ultimo carinato; suturad impressa, marginata: apertura lunata, labro simplict ; columella superné admodum intortd, sinum centrulem angustum reconditum formante. Helix cryptoportica, Gout; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 171. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 20. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 39. SHELL small, depressed, thin, pellucid, shining, of a pale yellowish- green colour, delicately striated : spire depressed, apex acute, composed of five or more rather convex whorls, with a well-defined, margined suture, and the outer whorl with a delicate, acute keel. Beneath, con- vexly rounded, with a small, shallow, central pit. Aperture lunate, lip simple, columellar portion oblique, and at its superior junction it GASTEROPODA. A5 is suddenly twisted inwards, forming a narrow channel, nearly con- cealed, just under the penultimate whorl. Diameter one-fourth of an inch; axis one-sixth of an inch. Inhabits the mountains of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. This shell belongs to a group in which the specific marks are very faintly pronounced. It has a general resemblance to H. cicercula, but is somewhat larger, clearer, less globose, and by a careful examination of the aperture, a peculiar channel at the top of the columella, almost microscopic, indeed, will leave no doubt. ‘The umbilical region is also more striated. To H. cultrata it is also closely allied. It still more nearly resembles H. subrutila ; but that shell has microscopic revolving lines, is more depressed and somewhat sharply angular at periphery, has not quite five whorls, and the columella joins the whorl above without the intortion which forms the little umbilical channel of this shell. It is smaller and less pyramidal than H. Tongana. Figures 72, 72a, 726, three views of the shell, enlarged; 72, natural size. HELIX PERTENUIS (Gould). Testa minuta, subglobosa, pellucida, nitidissima, viridi-aurea, imperfo- rata : spira depressa, anfractibus quatuor cum dimidio, convexis, ultimo amplo, ad peripheriam angulato, infra sulcis remotis radiato: aper- tura ampla, lunata ; labro simplict. Helix pertenuis, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 172. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 172. Prerirrer; Monog. Helic., i. 38. SHELL small, pellucid, subglobose, depressed above, more convex and imperforate beneath, of a gilded green colour, very minutely striated, and divided into segments by gooseberry-green radiating lines. Spire depressed, whorls four and a half, convex, the outer one large, and obtusely angular at the periphery; suture well defined. Aperture ample, rounded-lunate ; lip simple. 12 4G MOLLUSCA. Diameter one-eighth of an inch; axis one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits Metia, or Aurora Island. Couthouy. A small, pellucid shell, somewhat like H. electrina, but more globu- lar. It is of the same size as H. cicercula, but is more fragile, has one whorl less, a more depressed spire, and a different aperture. Figures 60, 60a, 600, three views of the shell, enlarged; 60c, natural size. HELix cuLTrata (Gould). Testa parva, orlicularis, depressa, glaberrima, lucida, fusco-viridis, infra rotundata, in foveam umbilicalem devexa, imperforata : spira anfrac- tibus quinque convexis, ultimo superné carinato ; apice obtuso ; sutura marginata: apertura angusta, lunata ; labro simplict ; columella obli- qua, callosa, alba, planulata, inflexd, inferné dentem simulante. Helix cultrata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 172. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 20. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., 1 Ghee SHELL small, depressed-orbicular, very smooth and glistening, trans- lucent, of a dusky-green colour. Whorls five, closely arranged, and forming a low, arched spire, the outer whorl carinate superiorly, on the plane of the interior whorls: suture delicate, with a fine line revolving near it. Beneath convex, broadly rounded at margin, and at the centre forming a slight depression. Aperture narrowed, lunate, the lip simple, columellar portion oblique, inflexed, opaque white, forming a broad, flat plate, ending below in a tooth-like process; callus across the penultimate whorl abundant. Diameter nine-fortieths of an inch; axis one-eighth of an inch. Inhabits Tahiti and Eimeo, Society Islands. Couthouy. A beautiful, smooth, lenticular, dark-green shell, not unlike H. z- terna, Say, distinguished by its curious broad, white, inflected, colu- GASTEROPODA. 47 mellar lip. This broad callus of the lip may have been simply a tortion at first. Figure 59, the shell above; 59a, the side; and 594, the base, en- larged ; 59 c, the natural size. HELrix Exxquata (Gould). Testa parva, discoidea, tenuis, lucida, glabrata, succineo-cornea, ad peri- pheriam rotundata, infra sub-plana, in_foveam centralem devexa : spira anfractibus septem arcté volutis, supra planulatis, sutura marginata bené impressa discretis, sptram planam efformantibus : apertura an- gusta, transversa ; labro simplici, portione sinistra feré horizontah, recedente, subreflexa. Helix exequata, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 171. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 19. Premrrer; Monog. Helic., i. 193. SHELL small, pellucid, shining, smooth, of a yellowish horn-colour, composed of seven closely convoluted whorls, which are flattened above, so as to form a perfectly level or slightly convex spire; suture deep and margined. Periphery broadly rounded, beneath slightly swollen, and gradually sloping to a rather deep, central pit. Aperture very narrow, most of it lower than the penult whorl, beneath which it extends like a narrow slit to the centre. Lip simple, slightly as- cending below, and retreating as it approaches the centre, where it is slightly recurved. In old specimens a well-marked callus unites the extremities. Diameter seven-twentieths of an inch; axis three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Kauai, Sandwich Islands. Couthouy. A very beautiful and polished symmetrical shell; beneath, it is like H. enterna and indentata. Figure 61, top of the shell; 61a, the side; and 6143, the base of the shell, enlarged: 61 c, natural ‘size. AS MOLLUSCA. HELIx caLcuLosa (Gould). Testa parvula, hyalina, fragilis, nitida, laevigata, cornea, globoso-pyra- midalis: spira depressa, anfractibus quatuor convextusculis, ad pert- pheriam angulata et tenuissimé carinata: infra convexa, regione um- bilicali impressa sed imperforata: apertura lunata ; labro simplict, margine interna rotundata. SHELL minute, hyaline, fragile, corneous, depressed globose, pyra- midal, shining, smooth; whorls four, convex, with a distinct and closely margined suture, forming a low, obtuse, pyramidal spire: beneath nearly as convex as above, somewhat pitted at the centre, but not perforated: periphery obtusely angular and carinated: aperture rather small, lunate, with the columellar portion forming a pillar of considerable length : lip simple. Diameter one-tenth of an inch; axis a little less. Inhabits Tahiti. Couthouy. Like H. chersina, Say, but has an angular periphery, though it is less angular than H. subtilssima. Figures 63, 63a, 63, three views of the shell, enlarged; 63c, natural size. HeELix susrinissima (Gould). Testa minuta, fragilissima, nitidissima, lenticularis, plano-convexa, 1m- perforata: spira planulata, anfractibus quinque planis, arcte volutis ; ultimo acutissimé carinato: apertura (fracta). Helix subtilissima, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 177. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 24. Preirrer; Monog. Helic., i. 231. SuELL very fragile, discoidal above, sharply carinated at periphery, obversely conical beneath, imperforate, hyaline. There are five closely revolving, flat whorls, marked with exceedingly fine lines of growth. The aperture is fractured, so as to afford no definite outline. GASTEROPODA. 49 Diameter one-eighth of an inch; axis one-sixteenth of an inch. Inhabits Maui, Sandwich Islands. Drayton. This little pellucid shell, though imperfect, is so well marked by its compressed, lenticular form, sharp carination, and numerous whorls, that I venture to pronounce it a new species. Figures 62, 62a, 626, three views of the shell, magnified; 62c, natural size. HELIx GrapatTa (Gould). Testa parva, planorboidea, tenuis, nitida, rufo-viridis, luteo radiatim variegata, supra depressa, infra acetabuliformis: spira anfractibus quinque convexis, intra umbilicum angulatis, oblique et confertim striatis et cum strus interruptis volventibus decussatis ; ultimo suban- gulato, versus aperturam deflexo ; sutura canaliculata: apertura ob- liqua, subcircularcs ; labro acuto, ad umbilicum reflexo. Helix gradata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., u. 172. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 21. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., 1. 104. SHELL planorboid, convex above, cup-shaped beneath, thin, shining, with coarse, regular, and crowded striz, crossed by interrupted, equi- distant revolving lines. Whorls five, separated by a deeply chan- nelled suture, the outer whorl a little angular at periphery ; beneath sharply angular as it borders the broad umbilicus, and so are each and all the whorls as they present their edge in the vortex: aperture circular or a little transverse, slightly modified by the last whorl: lip simple, somewhat everted at the umbilicus. Colour brandy-red, some- what rayed by unequal and irregular stripes of pale yellow. Diameter half an inch ; axis one-fifth of an inch. Found at the Tonga Islands. It has the shape and size of H. striatella, Anthony, but the umbi- 13 50 MOLLUSCA. licus is broader, deeper, and more shelving. The striation and colo- ration are also quite different. Dr. Pfeiffer has more recently pub- lished a different shell under the same name. Figures 48, 48 a, 48 0, three views of the shell. Hetix Fornicata (Gould). Testa parva, planorboidea, tenuis, dilute rufa, supra convexiuscula, infra concava, oblique ordinatim et confertim costato-striata : spira anfrac- tibus quatuor convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato ; sutura profunda: apertura transversa, rotundato-elliptica. Hehz fornicata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 172. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 21. Prrmrer; Monog. Helic., 1. 426. SHELL planorboid, depressed, slightly convex above, concave be- neath, and having a rather large, deep, sloping umbilicus, thin and fragile, pale rufous. Whorls four, shining, coarsely and obtusely rib- striate obliquely, the outer one rounded at the periphery; suture deeply impressed. Aperture nearly circular, somewhat transverse- elliptical, the lips united by enamel. Diameter one-fourth of an inch; axis one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits the island of Kauai, Sandwich Islands. A small, dome-shaped shell, marked like H. strzatella, Say, but more like H. indentata, Say, in the form of the spire. Figures 64, 64 a, 64 b, three views of the shell. HELIx RUBIGINOSA (Gould). Testa orlicularis, depressa, ferrugineo-cornea, fusco-tessellata, oblique costato-striata, late umbilicata: spira anfractibus sex arcté volutis ; sutura impressa : apertura subrecta, lunata ; labro simplici ; lamella unica secundum anfractum penultimum intro volvente. GASTEROPODA. 51 Helix rulnginosa, Goutp : Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 173. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 21. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic., i. 187. SHELL orbicular, depressed, rusty horn-colour, finely checkered with dusky, minutely costate-striate. Beneath broadly umbilicated, dis- playing all the whorls. Whaorls five, closely revolving, higher than broad, rounded; suture deeply impressed. Aperture not much ob- hique, semilunar, lip simple. Penultimate whorl with a single lamina revolving in the aperture. Diameter seven-thirtieths of an inch; axis three-fortieths of an inch. Inhabits Kauai, Sandwich Islands. Couthouy. Larger than the other checkered shells of this group. In colour, form, and sculpture it is ike young H. dbursatella, but is still more like H. striatella, or like H. radiata as to colouring. It is not, like them, carinated. Figures 49, 49a, 49 6, three views of the shell, enlarged; 49 ¢, na- tural size. HELIX BURSATELLA (Gould). Testa parva, per-variabilis, rotundata, conica vel planulata, supra macu- lis fuscis et albidis alternantibus flexuosis tessellata, infra cinereo- albida vel flammulis fuscis flexuosis radiata, costis numerosissimis acutis radiantibus lyrata ; subtus convexiuscula, interdum simplex, interdum concentricé striata, nunc radiatim costellata, nunc albida, nunc fusco flammulata: spira anfractibus ad octo extrinsecus exca- vatis, ultimo carinato; sutura impressa, plerumque marginatéa : apertura parva, transversa ; fauce lamellis septem volventibus in- structo, quorum due superiores, una columellaris, quatuor remote (una supra, tres infra carinam) ad labium ; labro simplici ; umbilico caver- noso, in juntoribus acetabuliformi, in majoribus ad januam parvo, constricto, margine acuto, una cum labio continuo. Helix bursatella, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 175. 52 MOLLUSCA. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 22. Prreirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., 1. 185. AnimaL small, pale, lemon-coloured about the head, pearly white posteriorly, obscurely radiated on the side. Tentacles very short and small, with a dark line passing behind each one. SHELL exceedingly variable in size, form, and colouring. It is small, and essentially characterized by its radiating rib-strie, check- ered with dusky and yellowish, its seven lamelle revolving within the aperture, but above all, by its peculiar umbilicus. In the young shell this is broad, conforming to the shape of the spire, the presenting edges of the whorls flattened, so as unitedly to form a little cup; but as the ‘last whorls are added, the form of the cavity is reversed, its diameter diminishing till it is at last nearly covered over, presenting only a small opening to the globular cavity, or little purse or pouch, its verge being sharp, and in continuation of the lip. The shell is small, rather solid, conical or discoid, always marked above with more or less coarse, sharp, radiating, rib-like striae; of a dusky brown colour, radiately checkered with ashy buff-colour. Be- neath, it is either cinereous or mottled with flexuous, radiating pencil- lings of brown, with or without radiating and revolving raised strie. The whorls are eight in number, closely coiled, carinated, separated by a distinct suture which is sometimes margined. ‘The aperture is small, transverse, lunate, angular at the periphery; lip simple, and on arriving at the umbilicus it bifurcates, and sends a branch each way around the perforation, thereby forming something like a vertical axial pillar. Of the seven lamelle revolving in the aperture, one is on the pillar, rather inconspicuous, two on the penult whorl, and four on the outer lip, one above and three below the keel. The above characters are found combined in every possible manner. The variations in size, colour, solidity, and umbilicus (all the varia- tions), may be reasonably ascribed to differences in age and to the elevation, between two and five thousand feet, at which they were collected Two principal varieties may be noted. a. Large, elevated, conical, solid specimens which are without mot- tling, rib-like striz, or revolving lines beneath. Diameter three-tenths of an inch; axis one-fifth of an inch. = © GASTEROPODA. 53 b. Smaller, depressed specimens, more or less coarsely ribbed, striated and mottled both above and below. Diameter one-fifth of an inch; axis one-tenth of an inch. Dr. Pfeiffer has given to this form the name of H. Jacquinott. In some specimens the whorls are somewhat deranged in their volution, so that the inner ones form a flat disc, while the two outer ones are placed one directly above the other. This variety, as well as the shell in an immature stage, have been described as distinct species ; but the examination of an extensive series, shows the im- propriety of this. Sometimes one or more of the lamelle are unde- veloped. In most specimens there are no revolving strie, but in some they even predominate over the coarse, radiating lines. Dr. Pfeiffer has recently described this as a distinct species, by the name of H. coarctata. From Tahiti and Eimeo, at 2000 to 5000 feet elevation. Couthouy. Figure 52, shell with the animal ; 52 a, the aperture, enlarged ; 52 6, depressed variety with the animal; 52c, the side, and 52d, the base of the distorted variety, enlarged; 52e, natural size; 52f, 52g, 52h, three views of the normal form, enlarged ; 527, natural size ; 52 k, 52 J, views of the young shell, the aperture enlarged ; 52 m, natural size. Hetix opouus (Gould). Testa parva, discoidea, deorsum compressa, supra planulata, infra con- cava, radiatim minutissimée et inequaliter striata, fusco-ferruginea, piceo tessellata: spira anfractibus quinque cum dimidio, supra exca- vatis, ultimo superné costato-carinato: apertura sub-rhombotdea ; Sauce lamella unica secundum anfractum penultimum instructd. Helix obolus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 175. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 22. Preirrer; Monog. Helic., i. 184. SHELL small, discoidal, very much depressed, flat or concave above, shallow, basin-shaped beneath, with a rib-carina at the periphery, on a level with the upper plane ; colour rusty brown, tessellated alternately with dark chestnut brown. Whorls five and a half, separated by a 14 54 MOLLUSCA. deeply impressed suture, each one usually somewhat excavated above, the outer one conspicuously so below the carina; beneath rounded ; covered with fine, radiating striz, with occasionally a larger, rib-like one. Aperture sub-rhomboidal, the lip horizontal above, inflected externally, and rounded below in conformity to the calibre of the whorl. A single lamina revolves within, on the penultimate whorl. Diameter one-fifth of an inch; length of axis one-thirtieth of an inch. Inhabits Tahiti. Couthowy. A most singular discoidal shell, resembling Planorbis vortex. Figure 50, the shell above; 50 a, the shell below, and 50 4, late- rally, enlarged ; 50 c, natural size. HELIX D#DALEA (Gould). Testa parva, discoidea, rubro-castanea, fusco tessellata, costellis radi- antibus acutis confertis scabra, subtus acetabuliformis : spira anfrac- tibus ad sex arcté volutatis, duplo altioribus quam latis, ad peripheriam rotundatis, infra haud planulatis ; sutura impressa: apertura an- gusta, verticalis, lunata; fauce lamellis nonis volventibus instructa, quorum quatuor ad anfractum penultimum, uno ad columellam, duobus ad basim, tribus ad labium dispositis. Helix dedalea, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., u. 173. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 21. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic., 1. 186. SHELL small, discoidal, flat above, deeply concave beneath, rough, with crowded, sharp, radiating rib-strie. Colour reddish-brown, checkered with dusky. Whorls about six, closely revolving, twice as high as wide, periphery rounded ; suture well impressed. Beneath, all the whorls present their rounded edges so as to form a cup-shaped cavity. Aperture vertical, lunate, twice as high as wide, and extend- ing one-third below the plane of the spire : fauces with nine revolving lamelle, of which four are on the penultimate whorl, two at the base of the lip, and three within the outer lip; also the trace of another on the pillar. GASTEROPODA. Be Diameter one-tenth of an inch; axis one-twentieth of an inch. Common under stones at Aurora or Metia Island; also at Tahiti. In size and colour this resembles H. contorta, Fer., but the spire is more depressed, the whorls are more numerous and more compactly wound; there are twice as many lamell on the penultimate whorl, and the aperture is more contracted. From H. bursatella it differs in the aperture, the teeth, and in wanting a carina. The umbilicus is similar in form to that of the young H. bursatella, but the whorls, in forming it, maintain their rounded shape, instead of being flattened. It is smaller than the next species. Figures 51, 51 a, 51 4, three views of the shell, enlarged; 51 c, na- tural size; 51d, the aperture, magnified. Hewix nystrix (Mighels ). Testa parva, discoidea, late umbihcata, tenuis, fusco et luteo tessellata : sptra planulata, ad apicem indentata ; anfractibus quinis, clathris creberrimis setigerts, aliquando denudatis, insignibus : apertura lunata, lamellis duobus conspicuis intro volventibus instructa. Helix setigera, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 174. May, 1844. Helix hystrix, MicHEts, in sched. ; PFEIFFER, Symb., 1. 67; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 116; Curemn., 2d edit., No. 560, tab. 89, f. 8-11. SHELL small, planorboid, thin, checked above with radiating stripes of dusky and golden yellow, in about equal proportions, and becoming flexuous or zigzag as they pass to the under side. Spire flat, with the apex even depressed ; whorls five, ornamented with numerous rib-strie which radiate from the apex, and which, when fresh, are garnished with long crisped black hairs, that are easily rubbed off. Beneath, the whorls are more rounded than above, and there is a deep, broad umbilicus, about one-third the width of the base. Aperture lunate, lip simple, and within the throat two well-developed lamelle usually revolve. 56 MOLLUSCA. Diameter one-fifth of an inch ; axis one-tenth of an inch. Obtained by Messrs. Brackenridge and Drayton, on Kast Maui, Sandwich Islands. This shell agrees in form and coloration with H. dedalea, and H. contorta, Fer., but is larger than either, and further distinguished by the smaller number of lamelle and the long, coarse hairs which it bears. As the name originally given by me was pre-occupied, I have adopted one suggested by Dr. Mighels, and published by Pfeiffer. Some specimens found on the island of Hast Maui, by Messrs. Drayton and Brackenridge, differ somewhat from those originally examined. They are rather smaller, and the umbilicus and aperture is more contracted; on the penultimate whorl of one specimen are two lamellar teeth, and on the lower half of the lip there are at least three short, indistinct lamine. Figures 52*, 52* a, 52* d, three views of the shell magnified ; 52* c, natural size. HELIx STELLULA (Gould). Testa parva, discoidea, supra planulata, subtus convexa, utroque umbili- cata, fusca, interdum luteo-maculata: spire anfractibus quatuor triquetris, costibus acutis, frequentibus lyratis : apertura rhomboidea, lamelit unica volvente instructa ; labro simplict. Helix stellula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 174. May 1844. SHELL small, discoidal, concave both above and beneath, of a dusky brown colour, here and there spotted with bright yellow. There are four or five whorls, flat above, convex beneath, and strongly carinated at the periphery, and also angular both above and below, so as to become triangular; they are beautifully ornamented with prominent, compressed, rather distant radiating ribs, producing a stellate appear- ance at the margin. ‘The suture is deeply impressed. Beneath, the umbilical cavity is about half the diameter of the shell, and exhibits — —=——_ » , = ~ a Poe GASTEROPODA. 57 all the volutions. The aperture is somewhat rhomboidal, conforming to the angles of the whorl; lip consisting of one of the rib-like promi- nences ; a single linear lamella revolves on the axial side of the aper- ture. Diameter one-fifth of an inch ; axis one-twelfth of an inch. From the island of Maui, Sandwich Islands. This is, perhaps, the most beautiful species of the group. It is distinguished by its angular whorls, and by its lamellar ridges, more prominent than in any other species, projecting at the periphery so as to cause it to resemble the rowel of a spur. Only three or four specimens were obtained. Figures 52+, 52+ a, 52+ d, three views of the shell enlarged ; 52¢c, natural size. Hetix Cressipa (Gould). Testa variabilis, solida, depressa, lenticularis, acute carinata, nitida, dense et acuté striata, fasciis flavo-viridibus et castaners coalescentt- bus cincta, infra sub-planulata, umbilico magno et profundo perfo- rata: spira anfractibus quinque viz convexts: apertura triangularis ; labro acuto ; fauce hlacind. Heliz Cressida, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 176. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 23. Prerrrer ; Monog. Helic., 1. 123. SueE.1 depressed, lenticular, very acute at periphery, about equally convex above and below, rather solid, shining, but obliquely striated with crowded, very delicate, and sharp lines of growth. General colour yellowish-green, varying to rusty, and generally banded above with darker chestnut, the colours blending at contact; sometimes there is also a band underneath. Whorls five, or somewhat more, scarcely convex or depressed at suture, so as to form a low dome. Umbilicus commencing rather suddenly, very broad, and penetrating to the summit. Aperture transverse, triangular ; throat pale lilac. 15 58 MOLLUSCA. Diameter seven-tenths of an inch; axis one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Society and Samoa Islands. Couthouy. In many respects this is similar to H. Tyozlus, but it is more lenti- cular, and the whorls are less rounded. It is flatter beneath, and the colours are very differently disposed. The surface, though shining, is everywhere striated vertically, with sharp lines. In shape it is much like H. acies, Fer., but it is smaller and flatter underneath. Figure 56, shell from above; 56a, 566, 56c¢, three views of the green variety, Hexix Trois (Gould). Testa variabilis, depresso-conica, sub-discoidea, leviter et obtusé striata, SJlavescens, subtus convexa, in umbilicum amplum incurvata, carinata ; carina utroque linea spirali castanea marginata: interdum coloribus inversis: spira anfractibus quinque cum dimidio, rotundatis : apertura semilunars, superne angulata ; labro acuto. Hehz (Carocolla) Trewlus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., il. 176. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 23. Premrer ; Monog., i. 123. Animat pale, pearly-violaceous anteriorly, yellowish-green poste- riorly ; a dark line runs backward from each tentacle; no distinct lateral furrow. SHELL very variable, of a depressed, orbicular form, with sharp and conspicuous lines of growth, widely and deeply umbilicated, more or less sharply angular at periphery, colour reddish-brown, honey-yellow, or pale green, disposed in bands of greater or less width. _Whorls five or six, moderately convex. Aperture transverse, lip simple, slightly expanding as it approaches the umbilicus; throat tinged with pale violet. The principal varieties are as follows :— a. SHELL depressed, rounded, thick, of a deep brown colour, paler GASTEROPODA. 59 at tip. Whorls rounded, periphery scarcely angular ; beneath rounded. Aperture slightly transverse, rounded, or a little angular at the place of the keel. Umbilicus broad and deep, displaying all the whorls. Somewhat like H. rufa, Less. Diameter eight-tenths of an inch; axis seven-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu. Couthouy. b. Of the same form, but of a honey-yellow colour, with a single very narrow brown band revolving upon the spire, and another be- neath, near the keel. Diameter three-fourths of an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu. Couthouy. c. More depressed, of a lenticular form, acute-angled at periphery, the whorls scarcely convex, each one having above a rusty brown band, and another of yellowish, about equal in width, somewhat blend- ing with each other; beneath flattened, rusty-brown; aperture trans- verse, triangular; umbilicus large. Diameter seven-tenths of an inch; axis one-fourth of an inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, at the roots of trees, in moist places ;— Eimeo and Upolu. The animal has a dull fawn colour. d. Somewhat more conical, with a more flattened base, thinner and more delicate, very acute at periphery, of a delicate pale green colour, having a single thread of brown revolving on the spire, and a broader one underneath ; umbilicus broad; aperture acutely angular. Diameter thirteen-twentieths of an inch; axis eleven-fortieths of an inch. Inhabits Tongataboo. It is hike H. planorboides, Lesson (H. solarium, Quoy). It is, how- ever, smaller, and more broadly umbilicated. e. Low pyramidal, flat underneath, having a very acute, compressed keel at the periphery : the whorls are somewhat excavated, of a bright leaf-green colour, with a brownish band at each edge of the whorls above, and a whitish sutural line; umbilicus much smaller than in the other varieties; aperture very acutely triangular. Diameter thirteen-twentieths of an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. 60 MOLLUSCA. ’ Found by Mr. Couthouy, at Tutuila and EKimeo, on the wild Fehi. The animal is darker than that of variety c. By comparison of numerous specimens, these shells, which differ so much in extreme varieties, have been reduced to one species. Varieties a and d are undoubtedly the same species, and pretty cer- tainly variety c: but variety d may well be regarded as distinct, both on account of its characters and its habitat, and still more so may variety e. All of them, however, have the peculiar boxwood fabric, and all of them are uniformly banded at the apex. Figure 55, the animal, with the shell of variety e; 55 a, top of the shell of the same variety ; 55, top of the shell of variety b; 55c, late- ral view of the shell of variety «a. Hexix Evrypice (Gould). Testa tenuis, depresso-pyramidata, acutissime carinata, palhdé virens, linea castaned volvente supra et infra picta, subtus planulata, umbilico lato et profundo perforata: spira anfractibus quinque ad sex viz con- vexis, apice rotundato : apertura transversa, acute triangularts ; labro acuto. Heliz Eurydice, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 177. Nov. 1846. Expedition Shells, 24. Prerrrer ; Monog. Helic., 1.119. Suet thin, depressed, pyramidal, very sharply carinate, very deli- cately striated, of a pale emerald green colour, having a single chest- nut line revolving on the middle of the whorls above, and a broader one, near the margin, beneath. Whorls five or six, scarcely convex, or distinguished by the suture, forming a low conical spire, obtuse at the summit. Beneath rather paler, nearly flat, rounding off into a deep umbilicus. Aperture acutely triangular, transverse, coloured like the exterior. Diameter thirteen-twentieths of an inch; axis eleven-fortieths of an inch. Inhabits Tongataboo. _ GASTEROPODA. 61 Approaches H. Cressida, but is much thinner, nearly transparent, of a much smoother texture at surface, more accurately pyramidal, more flat at base, and the colouring seems to be very uniform. The colour of the animal is also different. In shape it is almost precisely like H. elegans, though much larger. It is also like H. planorbordes, Lesson (H. solarium, Quoy), which is very much smaller, and destitute of fillets. The shell figured by Philippi (Abbild. tab. 4, f. 9), as H. marginata, Miill., but which, from the umbilicus, and from a specimen in my collection, seems to be a variety of H. trochiformis, Fer., bears a very great resemblance to this species, except in its umbilicus. Figure 57, the upper, 57 a, the lower, and 57 4, the lateral view of the shell. Hetix TrocuirorMis (Ferus.) Pfeiffer. “ Testa umbilicata, solida, trochiformis, apice obtusa, basi plana, acute carinata, oblique rugosa, saturate rufa vel fusco-lutea ; anfractibus sex, supra carinam prominentem stramineam convexis ; umbilico an- gusto, pervio: apertura irregulariter rhombea ; peristomate subreflexo, margine columellari recté descendente, versus umbilicum expanso.” (Pfeiffer, Helicella trochiformis, Fexussac ; Prodromus, 301. Helix trochiformis, PFEIFFER; Symbole, ii. 40; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 206; Puitipp1; Abbild. p. 79, tab. 4, f. 9. ANIMAL covered with lines of elongated, subrectangular papille, the margin of the foot radiated. Colour pale leaf-green, violaceous on the back of the neck and halfway up the tentacles, the tips of which are chlorine green, as is also the mantle; marginal limbus rather bright green. Another specimen has a dark lateral line, with a bright oliva- ceous body and chlorine margin; and with a dark stripe down the tentacle and along the back of the neck. Sometimes the general colour of the body is purplish. The shell is very much like H. Eurydice, but is uniformly distin- guished from it by its smaller umbilicus, its larger, more elevated 16 62 MOLLUSCA. form and darker grass-green colour, generally more or less banded with dark brown. The edge and sutural region are always pale. The surface is on the whole smooth, but the epidermis is sometimes so cracked as to appear irregularly radiated with whitish lines. The shell figured by Philippi (Abbild. tab. 4, f. 9) as H. marginata, Mull., I should regard as a variety of this species. Found at Tutuila and Eimeo, Samoa Island. Couthouy. Figure 58, shell with the animal ; 58 a, 58 4, two views of the shell. Hewix Tumvuus (Gould). Testa parva, solida, flavida, orbiculato-pyramidata, bast sub-planulata, umbilico modico perforata: spira elevata, conico-rotundata ; anfracte- bus sex licet septem convexiusculis, striis perobliquis exaratis, ultimo obtusé ad periphertiam angulato, prope aperturam compresso : apertura parva, transversa, lunata ; peristomate simplit. Helix tumulus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 175. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 22. Prrirrer; Monog. Helic., 1. 85. SHELL small, solid, pyramidal, covered with a thin, honey-yellow epidermis, marked with numerous, rather irregular, very oblique lines of growth. Whorls nearly seven, slightly convex, forming an elevated summit rounded at the apex. The last whorl has its periphery obtusely keeled, and towards the aperture is somewhat compressed from above downwards. Aperture very oblique, broader than high, lunate, the peristome simple and sharp, the extremities joined by callus. Base horizontal, slightly convex, and perforated by a rather small, rounded umbilicus. Length of axis two-fifths of an inch; diameter seven-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Drayton. GASTEROPODA. 63 This bears a general resemblance to H. pyramidata ; but with the same diameter, it is less elevated, and more rounded at apex. Figures 53, 53 a, 53}, three views of the shell. HELIX TENTORIOLUM (Gould). Testa parva, elevata, trochiformis, ad apicem rotundata, pallid? vires- cens, obliqué et concinne striata, bast in umbilicum mediocrem devexa : spira anfractibus sex planulatts, et carina acutissima, alba, cinctis : apertura subtriangularis, bast rotundata ; labro simplict, ante umbil- cum reflexo. Heliz tentoriolum, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 176. Sept. 1846. Expedition Shells, 23. Prrirrer; Monog. Helic., i. 119. ANIMAL greenish, dark violaceous on the neck, with a dark line running back from each tentacle; there is a bluish line along the flanks, and a yellowish-green margin with radiating marginal linea- tions. Surface finely reticulated. SHELL small, delicate, trochoid, height and breadth about equal, apex obtusely rounded, delicately striated by the lines of growth, of a pale or sap-green colour. Whorls six, nearly plane, the periphery of each having a sharp, elevated, whitish carina, which overhangs the suture of the last three whorls, and very distinctly marks the limit of each one. The base is gently swelling, midway between the margin and umbilicus, which is of moderate size, with a regularly rounded entrance. Aperture sub-triangular, the basal portion rounded; lip simple, columellar portion nearly vertical, and slightly reflected about the umbilicus. Diameter two-fifths of an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu, Samoa Islands. Couthouy. Its elevated form and rounded summit, resembling a nipple, is very remarkable. Figure 54, the animal with the shell. 64 MOLLUSCA. Hetix niripiuscuia (Sowerby). Testa anguste umbilicata, depresso-globosa, striata et punctulata, flavrda, superneé lineis tribus rufis circumdata: sptra anfractibus senis con- verts ; ultimo basi subinflato : apertura subcircularis ; labro simpler ; columella subdilatata, umbilicum haud occultante. Helix nitidiuscula, Sowrrsy; Zoolog. Journ., 1. 57, pl. 3, f. 4. Lowe; Faun. Mader., 52, pl. 6, f. 6, &c. AwnimaL with the body elongated, short, and pointed. ‘Tentacles dark umber, with a dark line on the neck behind them; the superior ones very long and taper. Colour of the upper part of the body bright umber, fading into fawn-colour towards the foot, where it has a shght tinge of green; back of head and neck marked by four rows of inter- rupted black lines; no furrow on the neck. The whole body sub- diaphanous. [1. P. c.] Obtained in Arum fields in the valley of the Courral, Madeira. He ix cutosa (Gould). Testa globulosa, crassa, rudis, sub-perforata, obsolete carinata, pallidé castanea, colore saturatiort nubilata, et interdum fasciata: spira an- fractibus sex rotundatis, striatis ; ultimo amplissimo, et obsolete cos- tato-carinato ; sutura profunda : apertura magna, rotundata, fauce livida; labro modicé reflexo, albido, propé columellam dilatato, umbih- cum rimatum tegente. Helix gulosa, Gourp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., it. 165. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 17. Anima throughout a deep sage-green, paler towards the edges; surface coarsely granulated. When in motion, instead of the usual gliding motion of the Helices, the mollusk of this shell flexes the foot GASTEROPODA. 65 into about four vertical undulations, so as to touch the plane on which it moves at as many points ; and these undulations pass from the tail towards the head as the animal moves, as in the motion of the caterpil- lar or millipede. SHELL sub-globose, strong, coarse, obtusely keeled at the periphery, of a pale chestnut-brown, which is here and there diluted so as to form large, irregularly disposed clouds, and sometimes bands, the shades blending with each other; the region of the apex is generally pale, and that of the umbilicus dusky. Whorls six, well rounded, with coarse, irregular strie of growth, the suture deeply impressed. The aperture is large, rounded, its diameters about equal; throat livid, becoming darker near the lip; peristome slightly reflexed, whitish, the basal portion nearly horizontal, and the extremities widely sepa- rated, columella rapidly widening, so as to leave a mere chink of the umbilicus uncovered; a very thin coating of enamel unites the two lips. Diameter about one inch; axis four-fifths of an inch; diameter of the aperture three-fifths of an inch. Found by Mr. Drayton, at Illawarra, New South Wales. Remarkable for the great altitude of its outer whorl, and its large aperture. It is like H. Cakfornianus in form, H. albolabris in texture, and H. dadia in colour. It seems also to resemble H. tumzda, Pfeiffer. There can be no doubt that Mr. Drayton copied the animal pre- cisely as he saw it; and whether it be its ordinary or only its excep- tional mode of progression, it is certainly very extraordinary, and different from that of any other gasteropod; and the animal presents another of those grotesque forms, so many of which have already been found in New Holland. In the original description of this animal in the Proceedings of the Boston Natural History Society, it was supposed that it inhabited a - different shell, which was there named H. pedestris. An error has since been detected, and it is found that H. gulosa is the true shell, and H. pedestris is only a small specimen of H. Townsendiana. H. ruida, also, is probably an immature specimen of this latter species. 17 66 MOLLUSCA. Figure 43, animal with the shell; 43a, the aperture, and 43 b, the base of the shell. Heix Nurrauiiana (Lea). Testa sub-conica, subtus conveza, umbilicata, tenuiter striata ; colore superné luteo aut fusco, subtus castaneo ; spira anfractibus septem, fascia nigra aut castanea cinctis: apertura subrotundata, depressa, intus fasciata ; labro subreflexo ; columella levi. Helix Nuttalliana, Lea; Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., vi. 88, pl. 23, f. 74. Bixney; Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., iii. 369, pl. 12. United States Land Mollusks, 1. 159, pl. 18. AnimaL coarsely granular upon the neck, of a dull ochre colour, slaty posteriorly ; on the sides the granules diminish, and are succeeded by coarse, undulating, interrupted ridges, radiating in every direction from the aperture, and terminating in a line nearly marginal ; edge simple. This species seems to be widely distributed, and quite common. It was found at most places visited by the Expedition, along the Colum- bia River, and at Puget Sound. SHELL more variable in its colouring than any other one found in temperate America; the variations consisting in the presence or absence, the greater or less width and number of dark bands, while its form is well characterized and constant. It is pronounced by Dr. Pfeiffer to be H. fidelis, Gray ; but as there are other species in that region corresponding equally well to Gray’s indefinite description, I think it proper to retain Mr. Lea’s name until the identity can be fully settled. Figure 38, shell, with the animal. Hetix Townsenpiana (Lea). Testa orbiculato-conveza, luteo-rufescens, rugosa, umbilicata ; apertura subrotundata ; labro albo, reflexo ad basim interne incrassato ; colu- mella levi ; basi tumido. GASTEROPODA. 67 Helix Townsendiana, Lea; Amer. Philos. Trans., vi. 99. pl. 23, f. 80. Binney; Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., ii. 371, pl. 13. United States Land Mollusks, ii. 161, pl. 19. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., 1. 341. ANIMAL corpulent, gradually tapering. Colour pale yellowish-green ; surface with rather sparse, feebly developed, elliptical granules, not seeming to have any definite arrangement ; margin of the locomotive disk rather broad, granulated, but regularly marked with radiating furrows. Brought from the Willamet district, Oregon. Figure 36, shell, with the animal. Hetix Lasiosa (Gould). Testa depresso-conica, subtus convexa, arcte umbilicata, luteo-cornea, pilis sericets quincuncialiter dispositis undique villosa: spira anfrac- tibus sex convexis, ultimo immodicé crescente et pone labrum valde contracto: apertura angusta, lunata ; labro albo, late revoluto ; fauce livida. Heliz labiosa, Gou.p ; Proceed. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 165. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 16. Bryney; United States Land Mollusks. Animat slender, tentacles much elongated Colour pale ferrugi- nous, with a lilac tint, darker on the neck. Whole surface even, the tentacles marked with coarse, elliptical granules, in longitudinal series ; no marginal border. Suet depressed, about equally convex above and beneath, with a very small umbilicus partially covered by the lip; yellowish horn- colour. The epidermis is strong, and everywhere hispid with very fine, short, shining hairs, closely arranged in lozenge, so that the principal lines seem to run diagonally to the axis of the shell. When denuded of the hairs, the lines of growth are found to be scarred, at regular distances, with transverse elevations, on which the hairs were seated. Whorls six, the last one increasing very rapidly near the aperture, having nevertheless a deep constriction directly behind the lip. Aperture more than usually vertical, narrow lunate. Lip white, 68 MOLLUSCA. widely reflected, flexuous in its course, not decidedly flattened. Throat pale violet or slightly livid. Diameter over three-fifths of an inch; axis two-fifths of an inch. Found in Oregon, at Astoria and Fort George, on the Columbia River, by Dr. Pickering and Mr. Drayton. This is one of the shells from beyond the Rocky Mountains, corre- sponding in types found on the Atlantic slope. It is closely allied to H. palliata, but is smaller, more convex beneath, and lacks the columellar tooth. It is still somewhat doubtful if it is really distinct from H. colhumbiana, which may possibly have been described from small, denuded specimens, but I cannot, with a magnifier, discover on Mr. Lea’s specimens the papille on which hairs might have been situated, and which are so readily seen in this species. The lip is also considerably broader, and peculiarly flexuous. Figure 35, animal with the shell; 35a, 35 6, two views of the shell ; 35, portion of the shell magnified. Hetix Loricata (Gould). Testa parva, depressa, flavo-viridis, arcte umbilicata, squamulis undique loricata, subtus conveza: spira anfractibus quinque cum dimidio con- vexiusculis, arcté volutatis, ultimo superné ad peripheriam subangu- lato: apertura contracta, lunata, trilobata, dente laterah, dente basal, et dente columellari lamelliformi ringens ; peristomate albo, reflexo, callo copioso conjuncto. Heliz loricata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 165. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 17; Binney; Land Mollusks, 11. 145, pl. 29:4; f.,2: SHELL small, depressed, spire less convex than the base, thin, of a yellowish-green colour, having the surface everywhere ornamented with small, crescentic scales of the epidermis, in relief, arranged along the lines of growth in quincunx. Whorls five and a half, shehtly convex, separated by a deeply impressed suture, and forming a low conical spire ; the periphery of the last whorl is angular near its poste- GASTEROPODA. 69 rior portion. The base is rounded, tending rapidly to a deep umbili- cal depression, with a small perforation. Aperture small, crescentic, having a small, acute tooth on the right margin, a transversely oblong one at base, and a prominent, compressed, curved, nearly horizontal one on the columella, thus giving a three-lobed outline to the aperture. Peristome white, slightly reflected, having a very profound constriction of the whorl directly behind it. Diameter one-fourth of an inch; axis three-twentieths of an inch. Found near the Sacramento River, California. Pzckering. Its general form and its aperture are very much like H. zn/flecta, Say, though it isa much smaller shell, and the teeth of its aperture are much less developed. Its peculiar surface, resembling, when closely examined, a scaly coat of mail, is highly characteristic. Figures 39, 39 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 39 J, natural size ; 39 c, sculpture, magnified. Hetix Devia (Gould). Testa orbiculato-depressa, oblique striata, dilute viridi-cornea, umbilico modico canaliculato perforata: spira anfractibus sex convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato: apertura transversa, oblique lunata, ad anfractum penultimum unidentata, dente trigono ; labro albo, late reflexo, ad basim horizontah, umlilicum alhquanto ambiente. Heliz devia, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11.165. Aug. 1846. Expedition Shells, 17. Suet. solid, depressed globose, of a pale yellowish horn-colour, rather finely marked with the lines of growth. Whorls six, convex, separated by a well-defined suture, and forming a rounded spire. Be- neath, slightly convex, and perforated by a moderate sized umbilicus, which appears to have an obtuse channel revolving on the whorls within it. Periphery rounded. Aperture transverse, obliquely lunate ; lip white, rather broadly reflexed, horizontal at base, and abruptly turning up to form a short columella, where it dilates, and partly sur- 18 70 MOLLUSCA. rounds the umbilicus. Near the upper angle, and on the penultimate whorl, is a white trigonal tooth. Diameter four-fifths of an inch; axis nine-twentieths of an inch. Obtained at Puget Sound, Oregon. Drayton. This shell has the form of H. Townsendiana, but lacks the peculiar indentation of the surface. The lip is more broadly reflected, and the aperture is armed witha tooth. Placed side by side with the southern variety of H. palliata, somewhat blanched, it would hardly be distin- guished except by its umbilicus. Figures 74, 74 a, 74 , three views of the shell. HELIx GERMANA (Gould). Testa parva, imperforata, globoso-lenticularis ad peripheriam subangu- lata, epidermide rufo-corneo, sparsim larsuto induta ; anfractibus quingue cum dimidio convexis ; sutura impressi: apertura lunata, lamina alba, obliqua, erecta, munito ; labro incumbente, reflexo, roseo. Helix germana, Goutp ; in Binney’s United States Land Mollusks, ii. 156, pl. 40 a, f. 2. SHELL small, solid, imperforate, depressed, low-conical above, con- vex beneath, slightly angular at periphery, covered with a scabrous, rusty horn-coloured epidermis, beset with scattered hairs. Whorls five and a half, closely revolving, separated by a well-impressed suture; aperture lunate, the basal portion being but slightly curved, and turning upward at a rather sharp angle; lip incumbent, with a deep stricture behind it, moderately reflexed, roseate ; on the intruding portion of the penultimate whorl is a distinct, oblong, erect, white tooth, not connected with either extremity of the lip. Diameter three-tenths of an inch; axis one-fifth of an inch. This shell was brought from the Pacific coast, and was marked Oregon. . GASTEROPODA. 71 At first sight this would not be distinguished from H. monodon. But, besides coming from a different zoological region, it has an im- perforate, convex base, like H. hirsuta, instead of the pitted umbilical region which H. monodon has, whether perforated or not; and the hairs are much more sparsely distributed, being not more than one- fourth as numerous. ‘he basal portion is less arcuated, so that the aperture is more transversely elongated, and less properly crescentic. Figures 40, 40 a, 40 4, three views of the shell, enlarged; 40, natu- ral size. STREPTAXIS conTusA (Ferussac) Gray. Heliz contundata, Ferussac ; Prodr. 30. Helix contusa, Frrussac; Hist. des Moll., pl. 31, f. 1; pl. 39 3, f. 2-3. Streptazis contusa, Gray ; Loudon’s Mag. N. §., i. 484. Animat. Body long and slender, rounded on the back; colour bright orange; organs of reproduction remote from each other, the male organ being close to the right inferior tentacle, and the female organ about midway between that and the respiratory cavity, on the same side; oral tentacles bifurcated at tip ; locomotive disk narrower than the body. [3s. Pp. c.] The animal, as thus described by Mr. Couthouy, is the species above mentioned, as far as I have been able to determine. If so, it is inte- resting, as showing the animal of this genus, which has not yet been known; and that a genus which was founded on a peculiarity of the shell alone, namely, its distorted axis, is of real value. It approxi- mates to Vaginulus, by the position of its genital organs, its narrow locomotive disk, and its forked oral tentacles. Figure 70, shell, with the animal ; 70 a, outline of the head, magni- fied. 72 MOLLUSCA. Buuimvus morosus (Gould). Testa crassa, rudis, ovata, albido-cinerea, longitudinaliter striata, arcte umbilicata ; spira anfractibus quinque convexis ; apertura subauri- culata ; peristomate latissimé revoluto, albo, postice angulato ; phica columellart ampla. Buhimus morosus, GouLD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 190. Dee. 1846. Expedition Shells, 31. Prreirer; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 56. Suen. of medium size, elongated ovate, somewhat angular in its contour, solid and coarse in structure, with coarse, irregular lines of growth, of a dingy white colour, and destitute of epidermis. Spire composed of five convex whorls, separated by a deep irregular suture. Aperture rather more than half the length of the shell, somewhat ovate-ear-shaped, the peristome very broadly revolute, white, some- what angular posteriorly, and a little narrower at the base of the colu- mella; the columellar fold largely developed. Umbilicus small. Length of axis one and three-fourths inches; breadth one inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Ii is of the same type as B. malleatus and elobatus, but is smaller, more solid, and less elegant than its associates. Its destitution of colours and epidermis, and its very broad lip, with its angular out- lines, characterize it. Fignres 82, 82a, two views of the shell. Buimus ELosatus (Gould). Testa solidula, elongato-ovata, longitudinaliter plicoso-striata et lineolis volventibus tnterruptis corrosa, epidermide sordidé luteo et viridi mar- morata induta, arcte umbilicata: spira anfractibus quinque convexis, ultimo magno: apertura angusta, sub-elliptica ; labro simplict, obtuso, aurantiaco ; plica columellart perobliqua. GASTEROPODA. 73 Bulimus elobatus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 190. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 31. Prremrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., li. 184. SHELL rather solid, elongated ovate, the surface rough and undulated by the striz of growth, somewhat etched with minute, crowded, inter- rupted revolving lines. Whorls five, or a little more, rather ventricose, the last one ample, and covered with a coarse, loosely adhering, dingy yellow epidermis, marbled with deep green blotches, arranged some- what in longitudinal zigzag stripes. Aperture narrow, and rather small, half as long as the shell, nearly elliptical, pale orange within, becoming intense at the columella and lip, which is obtuse, but not reflected. ‘The columella has a moderate-sized, very oblique fold. Umbilicus distinct, oblong, of moderate dimensions. Length of axis two and a quarter inches; breadth one and two- fifths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Belongs to the same group as B. fulguratus and B. malleatus, Jay, characterized by the large fold on the columella. It is the largest of the three, resembling the former in its sculpture and the colouring of the aperture, and the latter in general colouring. It is distinguished by its unreflected lip, its narrow aperture, less conspicuous and more oblique columellar fold, more ventricose and less oblique whorls. Figures 84, 84 a, two views of the shell. BuLimus pRuNINuS (Gould ). Testa ovato-turrita, solida, leviter striata, hvido-purpurea, infra suturam et circa umbilicum albido-zonata: sptra acuta, anfractibus sex con- vextusculis, sub-tabulatis : apertura modica, ovata ; labro semplica, intus callo stramineo incrassato, ad columellam reflexo ; fauce livido. Bulimus pruninus, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 191. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 32. Prrirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 122. 19 74 MOLLUSCA. SHELL turreted, ovate, acute at apex, opaque, solid, irregularly striated with the incremental lines, of a livid purplish, or plum- colour, with an ash-coloured zone about the umbilicus, a band conti- guous to the suture, and occasionally the lines of growth of the same colour. Whorls six, slightly convex, and somewhat shouldered above, the last one nearly two-thirds the length of the shell. Aperture ovate, rather small, lip simple, thickened, and yellowish-white within ; colu- mella with a moderate fold, rapidly widening upwards, and covering a small umbilicus ; throat livid purplish. Length of axis seven-eighths of an inch; diameter three-eighths of an inch. It probably came from the Madeira Islands. This species belongs to the same group as B. badiosa, Ferus., and B. beticata, Reeve, species which differ from it in being curiously granulated. Figures 83, 83 a, two views of the shell. Butimus PROLATUS (Gould). Testa ovoidea, antrorsum angustata, leviter striata, albido-cinerea, fasctis quatuor liturarum ferruginearum cincta : sptra ovato-conica ; anfractibus quinque convexiusculis : apertura elliptica, totius longitu- dinis dimidium adequans ; labro simpliet, acuto : columella brevis, laté reflexa, alba, umbilicum parvum tegens. Bulimus prolatus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 191. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 32. Prrtrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. al SHELL an elongated, prolate spheroid, nearly as much attenuated at base as at spire, surface nearly smooth and regular, of a grayish or ash-colour, with about four revolving bands of partially connected blotches on the large whorl, and three on the smaller ones. Whorls five, slightly convex, and very little rounded at the sutures. Aperture about half the length of the shell, of an elliptic form, a little angular GASTEROPODA. 15 posteriorly ; lip simple, the columella rather broadly reflexed, short, white, and protecting a small umbilical perforation. Length of axis one and three-fourths of an inch; breadth one inch. Found by Mr. Couthouy, near Santiago, Chili. A shell remarkable for its regular, elongated, ovoid form, and its four bands of rusty-brown blotches. It is somewhat like B. Favannat, only more narrowed anteriorly. Figures 79, 79 a, two views of the shell. Bu.imus ciLiaTus (Gould). Testa tenuis, ovato-conica, viridis, stris volventibus cilas rigidas nunc longas nunc breviores gerentibus, cincta: spira acuta, anfractibus sex convexis, ultimo magno, ventricoso, sub-angulato : apertura sub-ovata, antice angustata; labro simplict ; columella recta, albd, umbiicum parvum obtegente. Bulimus ciliatus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 191. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 32. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., W074, AnimaL very dark slate-colour, almost black, oculiferous tentacles long and slender, and, like the neck, finely granulate; body obliquely wrinkled; foot and mouth paler; respiratory orifice very large. SHELL thin and fragile, ovate-conic, acute at summit, covered with minute, crowded, longitudinal and revolving striz. On the revolving strie are seated series of dark, stiff, tapering, slightly recurved hairs, of unequal length; there are about eight series of the long ones on the penult whorl, and about twenty on the last whorl, between two of which are either two or three series of shorter and finer ones, the whole resembling coarse velvet. Whorls six, convex, the last one large, ventricose, and subcarinate. Suture profound. Aperture sub- ovate, slightly angular at base ; lip simple, acute; columella straight, white, reflected over a small, deep perforation. [. Pp. c.] 76 MOLLUSCA. Length of axis five-sixths of an inch; breadth six-tenths of an inch. Found by Dr. Pickering, on the Organ Mountains, Brazil, crawling on bushes, near the water. This shell, with its thick green epidermis, looks like a Paludina, es- pecially like fresh specimens of P. decisa, Say, which have similar series of cilie. Another Brazilian species (B. velutino-hispidus, Moric.), has a similar velvety vesture, but it is a more globular, heliciform species. Figure 80, front view of the shell; 80 a, side view of the shell, with the animal. Burimus suncevs (Gould). Testa parva, elongato-conica, tenuis, translucida, dilute virens, concinné striata, viz perforata: spira ad apicem obtusa ; anfractibus septem convexiusculis, superné contabulatis : apertura elongato-ovata ; labro semplici, ad columellam vix reflexo. Bulimus junceus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 191. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 32. Prerrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 220. SHELL small, thin, translucid, elongated, turreted, of a pale green colour, obtuse at apex, covered with delicate longitudinal strie. Whorls seven, slightly convex, presenting a broad shoulder above. Aperture long ovate: lip simple, on the left slightly reflected over a minute umbilical chink: the last whorl about one-third the length of the whole shell. Length of axis three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits Tahiti and Eimeo. This shell very closely resembles a West India species, and is, per- GASTEROPODA. "7 haps, the same, and may be a denizen of the cocoa-nut or banana, wherever found. B. bacterionides agrees in form, but this is not “smoother than octona,” and has not nine whorls. Figure 87, front view of the shell, enlarged; 87a, a variety of the same, enlarged ; 87 d, natural size. Bu.imvs EcREGISs (Pfeiffer). Testa crassa, elongato-ovata, polita, castanea, hituris ochracets admodum oblique ordinatis maculata: spira anfractibus sex convexis, sub lente sptraliter striatis ; ultimo magno sub-compresso, ad basim obliqué carinato et rima umbilical perforato: apertura angustata, elongato- elliptica, anticé angulata et canaliculata ; labro crasso, laté reflexo, rubro-purpureo ; fauce roseo. Bulimus egregius, PFEIFFER; Proceed. Zool. Soc., July 1845, 67; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 50. Reeve; Conch. Icon., pl. 34, f. 205. Bulimus hybridus, Goup ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 191. Dec. 1846. Expedition Shells, 32. SHELL rather solid, elongated-ovate, turreted, smooth, polished, somewhat indented, the lines of growth scarcely apparent, encircled by very fine, rather distant parallel lines. Colour dark chestnut, with nearly an equal proportion of gamboge-coloured blotches, which are arranged in somewhat oblique series, sometimes even in stripes; ro- seate towards the apex. Whorls six, rather convex, separated by a well-marked, margined suture, the last one large, and slightly com- pressed from before backwards, and having an obtuse keel near the base, and a channel running to the umbilicus between it and the lip. Aperture long, narrow rhomboidal, and somewhat channeled at base ; lip broadly reflected, of a rich reddish-purple, nearly continuous pos- teriorly ; throat rosy purple. Length of axis one and three-fourths of an inch; diameter five- eighths of an inch. Obtained at Rio Janeiro. 20 78 MOLLUSCA. Compared with B. gontostoma, it is less elongated, more solid, smooth, and polished, without wrinkles or rows of granules. The whorls are more convex. The aperture has a more vivid colour. The lip is more widely reflected. ‘The ground colour is darker, and min- gled in about equal proportions with oblique blotches of ochre yellow. There are distant microscopic revolving lines, with now and then one of them crenulated. It has the size, form, and marking of B. mults- color, with the aperture of B. goniostoma. It appears that this shell was described previous to the publication of my description; but as this fact was not ascertained till after the figure was engraved, I have retained it. Figures 86, 86 a, two views of the shell. BuLimus Auris LEPoRIS (Bruc.), Encyc, Meth. 1. 346. Bulimus lagotis, Menke; Synop. 2d ed. 26. Awuricula leporis, Lam.; 2d ed. vili. 325. Helix auris leporis, Ferus.; Prodr. 438. Pupa auris leporis, Gray; Ann. of Philos., N.S. ix. 412. Stenostoma auritura, Sprx ; Test. Brasil. 18, tab. 13, f. 1, 2. Otostomus lagotis, Beck ; Index, 55. Anima. elongated, lanceolate, somewhat dilated at the posterior third, and tapering thence to an acute point. ‘Tentacles all long and slender. Colour slaty-brown, darker on the centre and sides of the neck: tentacles minutely granular, pale ferruginous. Surface very minutely reticulated, with a very delicate, submarginal furrow. Found on orange and myrtle trees abundantly, near Rio Janeiro. Figure 75, side view of the animal, with the shell. Butimus proteus (BroperiP), Proceed. Zool. Soc., 1832, 107. Buh- mus sordidus, Lam.; An. sans Vert. vill. 267; (nec Lesson) Buliminus proteus, Beck; Index, 69. ANIMAL broad lanceolate, of a slaty-drab colour ; surface with longi- GASTEROPODA. 79 tudinal ranges of elongated papilla on the neck; sides delicately reticulated, with distant, fine, oblique channels, and a submarginal, shallow sulcus. Tentacles of moderate proportions. Colour slaty-drab. Found at the Campafia de Quillota, Chili. Cowthouy. Figure 76, the animal, with a variety of the shell; 76a, facial view of the head of the animal. Butimus Cutensts (Lesson), Lam.; ed. Desh. viii. 264 (not Sow- erby and Beck). Achatina Chilensis, Lesson; Voy. de la Coquille, 317, pl. 7, f. 3. Bulmus granulosus, Brop.; in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, 31. Bulimus granulosus, Portier et Micu., Galerie, i. 142, pl. 13, f. 9, 10. Bulimulus graniger, Becx ; Index, 67. Anat slender and rather delicate, tapering to a fine point poste- riorly, pale flesh-colour, superior face of the neck coarsely tessellated with quadrate papille; sides coarsely reticulated, without a distinct submarginal furrow. Tentacles rather small, with large eye-bulbs, An oval area is marked upon the front. Found in the interior of Chili. Couwthowy. Figure 81, side view of the animal, with the shell; 81a, 814, views of the head in front and beneath. Butimus Suonci (Lesson); Voyage de la Coquille, 321, pl. 7, f. 4, 5. Kisrer; tab. 16, f. 14, 15. Premrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., il. 140. ANIMAL uniform blue-black, corpulent, about the length of the shell, dilated into undulating wing-like expansions at the side, so as to become nearly as broad as long. Posteriorly it is broadly rounded, and does not attain, when in motion, to more than two-thirds the length of the spire. The head is large and obtuse ; the tentacles short and slender, pale yellowish at tip; on the top of the neck the 80 MOLLUSCA. surface is diversified with rows of longitudinal granules; the lateral portions are rather coarsely reticulated. The locomotive disk is paler. The genital orifice, behind the right tentacle, is a large slit, with a furrow running from it obliquely forward and downwards, much as in Aplysia. Found at the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Drayton. From the preceding description it is plain that this species is sepa- rated from the other Bulimi by many important characters. ‘The lateral expansion of the foot, like a broad flounce, its broadly rounded termination, its disproportionately short and small tentacles, all unite to separate it as a distinct subgenus, approximating to the true Auri- cula. Some such striking deviation from the ordinary type we might naturally expect in an isolated region so remote. Figure 85, the animal with the shell, seen from above ; 85 a, lateral view of the animal with the shell; 85%, front view of the head of the animal. Butimmus Futcuratus (Jay); Revue Zool. 1842, p. 80. Guerin’s Mag. de Zool. 1843, pl. 62. Puitipp1; Abbildungen, ii. 9, pl. 3, f. 2. Pretrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 55. ANIMAL cream-coloured, depressed, rather slender, much thinned at the edges; posteriorly flattened, and terminating obtusely. Surface with longitudinal, slender, lozenge-shaped reticulations; marginal limbus rather broad, marked with rather distant oblique lineations. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Mr. Reeve seems to regard his B. eximius, a South American shell, as identical with this, though I apprehend that they are really quite different. GASTEROPODA. 81 Buximvs MaLLeatus (Jay); Revue Zool. 1842, 40. Guerin; Mag. de Zool., 1843, pl. 61. Purtipr1; Abbild., ii. 9, pl. 3, f. 4. Preirrer; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 55. AnimaL corpulent, head and neck thick and clumsy, body poste- riorly flattened, and broadly rounded. Surface somewhat ocellate, with ranges of white granular papille, uniformly distributed. Dark fawn-coloured. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. The peculiar flattened and rounded posterior termination of the body, in the two last species, instead of the usual attenuated form, is quite remarkable; and as they are locally related, so they seem to be naturally allied to each other also. Figure 78, animal with the shell. Partuta conica (Gould). Testa elongato-conica, interdum sinistrorsa, flavida vel castanea, leviter striata et lineis crebris volventibus decussata, laté perforata: spira elevata, acuta, anfractibus sex ventricosis, ultimo permagno ; sutura impressd, albida: apertura obliqua, ovalis ; peristomate albo vel rosa- ceo, late reflexo, sub-planulato. Partula conica, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 196. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 33. Anima. Lance-pointed behind, depressed, cream-coloured, reticu- lated with slate blue, and somewhat dotted along the back of the neck, at the base of the tentacles; “nearly colourless, and remarkable for the unusual length of the buccal tentacles,” &c. SHELL often reversed, large, but not particularly solid, elongated, acutely conical, the lines of growth very delicate, and crossed by very fine and numerous revolving, generally undulating lines. Colour varying from pale citron-yellow to dark chestnut. Whorls six, very 21 32 MOLLUSCA. oblique and well rounded, the last one large, inflated, but somewhat angular at base; a little shouldered : suture well marked and whitish. Aperture obliquely elliptical, modified posteriorly by the penultimate whorl; peristome broadly reflected, retreating as it passes before the umbilicus, not fully flattened, white, or tinged with rose-reddish, especially in the dark-coloured specimens. Umbilicus large, and nearly circular. Length more than an inch; breadth half the length. Found at Upolu and Tutuila, Samoa Islands, at an elevation of from 200 to 1500 feet, on plantains, and on Dracena terminals. Couthouy ; Drayton. This is larger than any species hitherto described, and resembles Bulimus levus inform. It may possibly be the same as P. bulimotdes, Lesson. Figure 88, brown variety, with the animal ; 88 q@, front view of the yellow variety, PARTULA ZEBRINA (Gould). Testa variabilis, ovata, tenuis, alba, flava vel fulva, plerumque strigis longitudinalibus flecuosis albis variegata, spiraliter tenuistriata, um- bilico rimato perforata; spira anfractibus ad quinque rotundatis, ultimo ventricoso: apertura elliptica, peristomate albo, laté reflexo, planulato ; plica columellart magna. Partula zebrina, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 196. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 33. Animat elongated, pointed behind, rather depressed, tentacles long, pale cream-colour, reticulated on the neck with ranges of oblong meshes, on the sides with radiating ones, tips of tentacles bluish, no marginal furrow. SHELL ovate, short, ventricose, thin, in colouring variable, being GASTEROPODA. 83 sometimes pure dead white, in other specimens yellowish flecked with white, in others more or less fawn-coloured, striped longitudinally with irregular zigzag lines, which are sometimes anastomosing ; strie of growth delicate, with crowded, very fine revolving lines. Spire acute, of nearly five rounded whorls, the last of which composes three-fourths the length of the shell, and is much reflected. Suture margined. Aperture oval, modified by the last whorl. Peristome broad, thin, white, flattened, and inwardly strengthened so as to bound the aperture with a sharp right angle, and to contract the orifice. At the columellar margin is a pretty large fold, which answers to an umbilical fissure. Length four-fifths of an inch ; breadth half an inch. Inhabits Upolu and Tutuila, Samoa Islands, on Dracena borealis. Couthouy ; Drayton ; Case. A rather large and very fine species, more ventricose than others, and distinguished by its perfectly flattened peristome as well as by its variegated colouring and revolving stri#. It somewhat resembles Bulimus versicolor. Figure 89, a dark shell, with the animal ; 89 a, the pale variety. PaRTULA PUSILLA (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, conica, polita, albido-cornea, perforata: spira acuta, anfractibus sex convexis, superné tabulatis : apertura sub- quadrata, posticé lamella intro-volvente instructa ; peristomate reflexo, dextrorsum sinuato. Partula pusilla, Govtpv; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 197. Expedition Shells, 33. SHELL minute, elongated, conical, rather thick, smooth and shining, of a light horn-colour, moderately umbilicated. Spire acute, com- posed of six moderately convex whorls, which have a small shoulder posteriorly. The aperture is direct, somewhat quadrangular, having 84 MOLLUSCA. a single lamina on the last whorl revolving within the shell; peri- stome moderately reflexed, the outer lip inclining somewhat inwards. Length one-eighth of an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Found at Metia Island, under stones. Couthouy. This little species bears all the characters of the group, and is by far the most minute species yet described. Figure 90, the shell enlarged ; 90a, natural size. Partuta Tanetrana, Bruc.; Encyc. Meth., i. 347. DeEsu.; in Lam. An. sans Vert., viii. 281. Lxrsson; Voy. de la Cogq,, pl. 7, figs. 6,7. Partula auriculata, Brop.; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832. REEVE; Conch. Syst., pl. 175, f.7, 8. Bulimus auriculatus, PFerrer; Symb. SOs late Animat yellowish, tentacles and line along the back of neck dusky ; surface finely reticulated. The genus Partula seems to be peculiar to the islands in the Pacific Ocean, such as the Society, Friendly, and Navigator’s Islands. A single living specimen of this species, however, was found near Hono- lulu, in the valley of Nuuanu. As this is the only one in the collec- tion of the Expedition, and the only one I have any knowledge of, from that island, I think it must be regarded as a straggler, accident- ally introduced. We should, however, except P. Owazhiensis, which abounds at the Sandwich Islands, but which, from its peculiarities, has been placed in the new genus Tornatellina. The animal of Par- tula presents no external characters to distinguish it from Bulimus ; but its internal organization and natural habits would, we think, indi- cate distinct characters, as the isolation of the group would lead us to anticipate. Figure 91, shell, with the animal. GASTEROPODA. 85 Parruta vArtA, Brop.; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1832, p. 125. Bulimus varius, PFEIFFER; Symb. i. 86, i. 124. Anat like that of P. Taheitana, varying only in the depth of colouring. Figure 92, shell, with the animal. ParTuLA VANIKORENSIS, Quoy and Gaim. (Helix); Astrol., ii. 215, ail, Chie Wty Bulimus Vanikorensis, DesH.; in Lam., An. sans Vert., vill. 131. ANIMAL not essentially different from the two preceding, excepting that it is somewhat paler. Figure 93, shell, with the animal. ACHATINELLA MARMORATA ( Gould). Testa oblongo-ovata, coloribus castanets, cinereis et albidis marmorata, leviter striata, imperforata: spira acuta, anfractibus sex convexis, superné sub-tabulatis, ultimo magno, ventricoso ; apertura ovata ; pe- ristomate simplicit, modicé evaso ; plica columellari alba, compressa, feré transversa, valde exstante. Achatinella marmorata, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 200. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 35. SHELL dextral, rather solid, of an elongated, acutely conical form, composed of six convex whorls, which are somewhat shouldered superiorly ; the last large in proportion, and ventricose : surface deli- cately striated with lines of growth; colour a dusky chestnut, marbled with white, irregular, and angular markings, generally arranged some- what in longitudinal stripes, the whole seeming to be coated with a very thin ash-coloured epidermis. Aperture moderately large, ovate, 22 86 MOLLUSCA. the lip slightly expanded: the columellar fold white, compressed, nearly transverse, and standing out very prominently. Length seven-eighths of an inch ; breadth half an inch. Found on the island of Maui, Sandwich Islands, at the foot of Mount Haleakala. Drayton ; Brackenridge. A large, ventricose species, readily distinguished by its variegated colouring. Figures 94, 94 a, two views of the shell. ACHATINELLA NUBILOSA (Gould). Testa solidula, ovato-conica, ventricosa, cinereo-lutescens, fusco-viridis angulatim flammulata et reticulata, ad apicem castanea: spira an- Sractibus septem convexis: apertura lunata, eburnea ; labro acuto, dilatato ; plica columellari acuta, lamelliformé. SHELL rather solid, ovate-conic, ventricose, delicately striated, covered with a thin epidermis of a diluted golden-yellow colour, variegated with dusky green, forming a network by its zigzag mark- ings on the middle whorls, and becoming predominant towards the base ; the apicial whorls chestnut-brown. Whorls about seven, well rounded, the last one about three-fifths the length of the shell. Aper- ture rounded lunate, ivory-white, the lip sharp and a little everted ; columellar fold prominent, sharp, lamelliform. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth not quite half an inch. Inhabits the island of Maui, Sandwich Islands. This species belongs to the same group as A. ventulus, but is well distinguished by its peculiar coloration. Figure 95, view of the shell. GASTEROPODA. 87 ACHATINELLA ELLIPSOIDEA (Gould). Testa solida, ellipsoidea, levis, epidermide luteo interdum fusco zonato induta: spira anfractibus sex convextusculis ; sutura impressa : aper- tura parva, angusta; peristomate acuto, nigro ; plica columellari fere transversa, tent. Achatinella ellipsoidea, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 200. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 35. SHELL solid, ellipsoidal, smooth, covered with a thin ochreous and fawn-coloured epidermis, the colours arranged somewhat in zones. Spire ovate-conical; whorls six, slightly convex, not shouldered ; suture well marked. Aperture very small and narrow, lip simple, not thickened, edged black; columellar fold delicate, oblique, nearly transverse, without callus. Length of axis seven-twentieths of an inch; breadth seven-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Maui, Sandwich Islands. Brackenridge ; Hale. Closely allied to A. ventulus, FER., but is more slender, more smooth, tapering anteriorly, the last whorl sometimes closing towards the axis as it approaches the aperture, so as to appear distorted, and produce a very small aperture. A. tristis has a similar epidermis, and a small, sharp-lipped aperture, but is much more ventricose, and has the whorls shouldered. H. microstoma has a thickened lip, and a more dead, striated surface. Figures 96, 96 a, two views of the shell. ACHATINELLA acuminata (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, turrita, lucida, glaberrima, nitida, succinea : spira elevata, anfractibus sex obliquis, convextusculis, ultimo trientes duos longitudinis equante: apertura angusta, sub-elliptica, peristomate 88 MOLLUSCA. albido, incrassato, prorsum arcuato; columella truncata, sed vix plicata. Achatinella acuminata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 200. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 35. SHELL small, slender, turreted, elongated, with an obtuse apex, translucent, thin, very smooth and shining, of a greenish amber- colour. Spire elevated, obtuse, pointed, of six very oblique, slightly convex whorls, the last of which is nearly two-thirds the length of the shell. Suture distinct, and faintly margined and crenulated. Aperture very narrow, one-third the length of the shell, rounded at base, and acute behind. Lip simple, whitish, thickened within, and arching forward. Columella without a conspicuous fold bordering the truncation. Length half an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Inhabits Kauai, Sandwich Islands. More elongated, and with more oblique whorls than other species. In its form, colour, and transparency, it may be compared with Physa hypnorum. Figure 100, the shell enlarged; 100 a, natural size. There are several species of shells peculiar to the Sandwich Islands which have the same elongated form and delicate structure, with a polished surface, and the mere semblance of a columellar fold. I propose to designate this group by the name of LEPTACHATINA (Asmzog, and Acuatina). It is intermediate between true Achatina and Achati- nella. ‘The three following species also belong to this group. ACHATINELLA accincTa (Mighels) Gould. Testa ovato-conica, solidula, obliqué striata, sordidé cornea: sptra conica, obtusiuscula ; anfractibus sex cum dimidio planulatis, ultimo trientem longitudinis vix superante; sutura marginata: apertura semrovalts ; labro simplict, obtuso ; columellé arcuata, plicato-torta. GASTEROPODA. 89 Achatina accineta (lapsu typog.), MicHeLs; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11.20. Jan. 1845. Achatina accincta, PretrFER; Monog. Helic. Viv., ii. 271. Achatina Sandiicensis, Prrirrer ; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1846, p. 32. AnimaL of a slate colour tinted greenish, darker behind the ten- tacles. Inhabits Oahu, Sandwich Islands. The specimens collected by the Expedition are generally more solid, opaque, and darker than those possessed by Dr. Mighels. They are oftentimes decidedly plicate longitudinally, and sometimes have revolving’ scratches. Some are banded in various ways with ivory- white, and have the lip more or less thickened and everted. The aperture is rather large, and the fold is sharp, placed at an angle of about 45°. Figure 97, the shell; 97a, shell, with the animal. ACHATINELLA GUTTULA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, lucida, rotundato-ovata, succinea, interdum castaneo zonata: spira obtusa, anfractibus sex convexiusculis, ultimo tumido, dimidiam longitudinis superante : apertura parva, lunata ; peristomate albo, incrassato, ad basim valde truncato ; columella curtd, plica parva mstructa, ad anfractum penultimum callo indutd. Achatinella guttula, GoutD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 201. Expedition Shells, 35. SHELL small, thin, translucid, shining, short ovate, yellowish-green, slightly striated lengthwise, with sometimes a faint appearance of revolving rufous bands. Whorls six, short, slightly convex, the last tumid, more than half the length of the shell, forming an obtuse spire. Aperture small, lunate, lip thickened, whitish; basal notch large; columella very short, the fold small but distinct, and the penultimate whorl coated with callus. 23 90 MOLLUSCA. Length one-eighth of an inch; breadth three-sixteenths of an inch. Inhabits Maui, Sandwich Islands. One of the smallest and the shortest proportioned species belonging to this group, its length being but little greater than its breadth. It is much more ventricose and less solid than A. acczncta. Figure 98, the shell, enlarged; 98 a, natural size. ACHATINELLA CEREALIS (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, cylindraceo-conica, impolita, cinereo-castanea : spira obtusa, anfractibus septem ad octo planulatis, ultimo trientem longitudinis vix superante: apertura parva, lunata, quadrantem lon- gitudinis adequans ; peristomate simplict, intus tncrassato ; plica columellari obsoleta ; anfractu penultimo callo induto. Achatinella cerealis, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 201. Expedition Shells, 36. Swett small, conic cylindrical, elongated, rather solid, opaque, covered with an unpolished ashy-brown epidermis. Spire composed of about eight nearly flat whorls, obtuse at tip, separated by a well- marked suture; the last whorl but little more than one-third of the length of the shell. Aperture small, semilunar, about one-fourth the length of the shell. Lip simple, whitish, thickened within; entire and rounded at base. Columella with a very faint notch and fold: penultimate whorl coated with enamel. Length of axis three-eighths of an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Found at Waianai, island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Case. In size, form, and colour it resembles Bulimus hordeaceus, but it 1s still more slender. Figure 99 the shell enlarged ; 99 a, natural size. GASTEROPODA. 91 BaLEA PEREGRINA (Gould). Testa parva, sinistrorsa, elongata, sub-fusiformis, solida, opaca, rufo- cinerea, viz striata, perforata: spira ad apicem mammillata ; anfrac- tibus octo, planulatis, sub-tabulatis ; sutura lineari, profunda: aper- tura sub-quadrata ; peristomate continuo, equato, leviter reflexo. Balea peregrina, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., u. 197. March, 1847. Expedition Shells, 34. SHELL reversed, small, solid, elongated, somewhat fusiform, blunt at the tip, with a few irregular, longitudinal strie, seldom entirely crossing a whorl, and of a dead ashy-brown colour. There are eight whorls, of which the two preceding the last are the largest and flat, while those near the apex are rounded: they are all a little shouldered and separated by a linear, deeply-impressed suture. The aperture is longitudinal, somewhat four-sided, with rounded angles; the peristome is continuous, rising up to a level with the surface of the shell, and a very little reflexed. ‘The columellar side is highly raised in front of a well-developed umbilicus. Length three-eighths of an inch ; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand. I have referred this shell to the genus Bal/ea with much hesitation, on account of its locality. It is remarkable for its fusiform, turreted shape, and for the high walls of its aperture, which rise to a level with the surface of the shell. Figure 105, the shell enlarged; 105 a, profile of the aperture en- larged; 105 4, natural size. MEGASPIRA ELATA (Gould). Testa sub-cylindracea, elevata, tenuis, nitida, striis conspicuis lirata, cornea, lituris parvis sparsis prope suturam notata, viz perforata : spira obtusa, anfractibus novemdecim angustis sub-planulatis : aper- 92 MOLLUSCA. tura parva, obliqua, lunata, anticé subeffusa, posticé lamellam volven- tem gerens ; plica columellart modica, bilamellata. Pupa (Megaspira) elata, Gouty; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 197. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 34. Bulimus (Pupa) ela- tior, var. y, Pretrrer; Monog. Helic. Viv. 11. 390. Suett sub-cylindrical, elongated, thin, shining, longitudinally barred with crowded striew, horn-coloured, and variegated near the suture with small dusky blotches. Spire obtuse at apex, composed of about nineteen narrow, nearly plane whorls. Aperture small, oblique, lunate, somewhat effuse at base, with a lamellar plate revolv- ing posteriorly; columellar fold moderately developed, bilamellate. Umbilicus minute. Length an inch and a half; breadth one-third of an inch. Inhabits Brazil. At first sight this shell would be taken for Megaspira elatior, Spix. On comparison it is found to be smaller, less tapering, having nineteen whorls instead of sixteen within the same space; its diameter is at least one-third less, its surface is more glossy, and more delicately barred, and it has only a few dot-like blotches near the suture, instead of stripes across the whorl. ‘The aperture is smaller, more oblique, and crescentic; the columellar fold is much smaller, and the lip is effuse in front of it, and it is made up of only two delicate plates instead of three conspicuous ones, as in P. e/atior. ‘The umbilicus is minute, while in the other it is quite large. Figure 101, a view of the aperture. Figure 102, aperture of P. elatior. VERTIGO TANTILLA (Gould). Testa minima, sub-ovalis, albida, perforata: spira obtusa; anfractibus quatuor convexiusculis, supernis sub-clathratis, ultimo exiliter rugoso- granulato: aperturu sub-rotunda, peristomate everso ; fauce dentibus quingue armata, quorum uno columellart, uno basali, uno labial et duobus posticis. GASTEROPODA. 93 Pupa (Vertigo) tantilla, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 197. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 33. SHELL very minute, of an oval form, obtuse at summit, and com- posed of about four convex whorls, of which the upper ones are irre- gularly marked with delicate longitudinal bars, and the lower one, under a magnifier, appears to be roughened by minute, irregular gra- nulations. Colour whitish. Aperture somewhat four-sided, rounded at the corners, the lip slightly expanding, and the throat armed with five teeth, one on the columella, one at the base, one on the outer lip, and two unequal approximate ones on the middle of the transverse lip. There is a small umbilical fissure. Length of axis one-fifteenth of an inch; width one-twentieth of an inch. Inhabits the mountains of Tahiti, at an elevation of two thousand feet. Couthouy. This little shell, the only one of this type which has come to us from the Pacific region, has about the size and shape of P. Gouldit, Binney, and the same number of teeth; but two of them are on the transverse lip instead of on the pillar. Pura PEPONUM (Gould). Testa minuta, variabilis, ovata, plus minusve elongata, tenuis, lucida, nitida, fulvo-cornea, perforata: spira anfractibus sex convexis leviter striatis: apertura ovato-rotundata, posticé lamellam volventem gerens ; labro simplici, ad columellam plerumque late revoluto ; columella vel nuda vel lamellis transversis ad tribus instructd. Pupa peponum, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 197. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 34. SHELL minute, very variable in its form and characters, thin, shining, lucid and fragile, of an ovate or much elongated ovate form, of a yellowish horn-colour, its surface delicately marked with lines of increment, and with an umbilicus which is sometimes quite small, 24 94 MOLLUSCA. and at others very ample. There are from five to six moderately convex whorls. The aperture is rather small, from less than one-half to two-fifths the length of the shell, of a rounded ovate form: poste- riorly there is usually a single plate, which revolves within the shell. The lip is simple, and usually widely reflected over the pillar. Colu- mella rounded, and on some specimens a single transverse fold is observed ; and sometimes even two and three are discovered. Length about one-eighth of an inch; breadth about half the length. Found abundantly on pumpkin vines, at the Sandwich Islands. Hilo, Wilkes ; Oahu, Brackenridge. This interesting little shell is of somewhat doubtful genus. It may prove to be of the genus Tornatellina or Elasmatina. Its very variable characters render a decision difficult. But it belongs to the old genus Pupa, where I at present place it. Figure 104, front view of an elongated specimen, magnified ; 104 a, a short specimen, magnified ; 104, natural size; 104 c, d, e, enlarged views of the aperture. Heviciva uBERTA (Gould). Testa parva, solida, sub-globosa, levis, dilute citrina ; spira anfractibus quatuor ; sutura impressa: apertura parva, semilunaris, extrinsecus constricta; peristomate simplict, vix refiexo; columella callo flavo coptosissimo, haud appresso, induta. Helicina uberta, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 202. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 37. Helictna constricta, PFEIFFER ; Proceed. Zool. Soc., July 1848, p. 120. A small, solid, smooth, nearly globular, pale greenish-yellow shell, very faintly marked by the lines of growth, having four whorls, the outer one large and well rounded at the periphery, with a fine but well-impressed suture; but chiefly remarkable for the quantity of bright yellow callus nearly covering the convex base of the shell in a tongue-shaped mass, not appressed to the shell. The aperture is GASTEROPODA. 95 semilunate, made very small by a deep constriction just behind the lip, which is sharp, and very slightly reflexed, so that the opening seems thrust somewhat across the base of the shell. Axis three-twentieths of an inch; breadth seven-fortieths of an inch. Found on the mountains of the Sandwich Islands. Oahu, Pickering, Case. Maui, Drayton. Very remarkable for the abundant golden-yellow callus, which forms a tongue-like projection across the base of the shell. Figures 114, 114 a, 114 3, three views of the shell, enlarged; 114, natural size. Hericina Mavcertz (Gray); Zool. Journ., i. 251. Sowersy ; Thes. Conch. f. 55. ANIMAL cream-coloured, very minutely punctate with pale brown. Found at Tahiti at an elevation of 200 to 3000 feet, and at Tutuila. Couthouy. Figure 112, shell, with the animal, magnified one-fourth. HELICINA BERYLLINA (Gould). Testa sohdula, depresso-conica, infra convexa, ad peripheriam obtusé angulata, polita, albido-virens: spira anfractibus quinque planulatis, ultimo cito crescente; sutura lineart: apertura magna, transverse semi-elliptica ; peristomate simplici ; callo columellari late expanso. Helicina berylina, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 202. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 37. Animat bright yellow ochre, darker on back of head. SHELL rather large and solid, depressed, about equally convex above and below, smooth and polished, white, tinged with beryl-green, espe- cially at apex, and at the margin of the callus, also arranged somewhat 96 MOLLUSCA. in faint revolving stripes on the last whorls. Whorls four, nearly flat, forming a low, acute spire, the last one enlarging very rapidly, and obtusely angular at periphery. Suture distinct, delicate. Aperture rather broader than high, semi-elliptical, lip sharp, simple, or a little everted. The columella projects, and from its point a callus sweeps off, covering most of the base of the shell. Operculum calcareous, bright beryl-green. Breadth half an inch; axis three-eighths of an inch. Found at the Feejee Islands. Remarkable for its peculiar green tint, and the rapidly-enlarging exterior whorl, so that the two diameters are very unequal. It is rather large in size, and resembles H. similis, Sowb., in form. Figure 111, shell, with the animal ; 111 a, base of the shell. HELICcINA PALLIDA (Gould). Testa lenticularis, solhdiuscula, luteo-cinerea, inequaliter striata, epider- mide tenuissima induta: spira depressa ; anfractibus quinque acuté carinatis, planulatis: apertura semilunaris, ad columellam callosa ; labro modice reflexo. Helicina pallida, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 202. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 37. Set small, lenticular, not solid, about equally convex above and below, of a pale, yellowish-ash, or straw colour, lip reddish, surface rather dead, and marked with oblique, unequal lines of growth, and a few indistinct, elevated, rounded, revolving lines, covered with a very delicate, sallow epidermis. Spire depressed, whorls five, flattened, and scarcely distinguished by the suture, periphery acutely carinated. Aperture crescent-shaped, height and width about equal, lip moderately reflexed, but narrowed at base; not angular at carina. Columella short, direct, central region covered with callus. Axis three-twentieths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch. GASTEROPODA. 97 Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Resembles somewhat H. miniata, Lesson, which is more solid, polished, the lip simple, and the suture double. In shape and colour it is like H. oxystoma, Gray, but is smaller, and the lip not angular at the carina. Figures 118, 113a, 113, three views of the shell; 113 c, natural size. Heticina FuLcora (Gould). Testa parva, lenticularis, acute carinata, glabra, diluté castanea, lineolis radiantibus angulato-flexuosis, prope suturam et ad carinam dilatatis, picta: spira depresso-conica, acuta ; anfractibus quinque ad sex pla- natis: apertura lata, semilunaris ; peristomate reflexo, flavido, ad basim rectangulari ; columelld recta, callo modico allido induta. Helicina fulgora, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 201. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 36. Antmat bright pale brown, punctate with reddish dark brown. SHELL small, rather solid, smooth, and shining, convex above and below, and acutely carinated. Colour pale-chestnut, with pale-yellow, radiating, zigzag lines, which, near the suture, and at the periphery, are so dilated as to form two series of spots. The zigzag lines are conspicuous on the base also, but are rather undulated than zigzag. Spire an acute, much-depressed cone, composed of five to six flattened whorls, suture distinct. Aperture broadly lunate, somewhat angular outwardly, lip delicately reflexed, and joining the columella at a right angle. Columella vertical, and forming a large central triangular area ; circle of callus pale, small, thin. Axis one-eighth of an inch; base nine-fortieths of an inch. Found among bananas at the island of Manua. Cowthouy. This species, with H. daciniosa, and H. musiva, belong to the same 25 98 MOLLUSCA. group with H. flammea, Quoy. These are smaller, and more glo- bular; the first has no reflected lip, and the second no radiations beneath. Figure 106, shell, with the animal, and 1064, side of the shell, magnified two and a half diameters; 1060, pit at base of the colu- mella; 106 c, natural size. He ictna musiva (Gould). Testa parva, solidula, sub-globosa, polita, rufo-viridis, supra lineols flexuosis albidis radiata: spira anfractibus quatuor rotundatis : aper- tura lunata ; peristomate reflexo, allido, ad basim rectangulart ; colu- mella recta. Helicina musiva, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 201. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 36. A small, rather solid, polished, sub-globular shell, similar in its co- lours and markings to H. fulgora, but is smaller, more globose, rounded at periphery, the light-coloured lines are less flexuous, not so delicate, the fawn-coloured and whitish stripes being about equal, and termi- nating at the rounded periphery. ‘The aperture is smaller and less transverse, and there are but four whorls. The triangular space of the columella is ill-defined, and the callus is very delicate and glossy. It is distinguished from H. laciniosa, Migh., by its zigzag colours, its want of revolving lines, and its reflected lip. Axis one-tenth of an inch ; base three-twentieths of an inch. Found among bananas at the islands of Manua and Upolu. Cow- thouy. Closely allied to the preceding, but smaller, more globular, not cari- nated, and destitute of radiated colouring beneath. Figure 107, shell, with the animal, and 107 a, front of the shell, magnified three diameters ; 107 6, natural size. GASTEROPODA. 99 Hericina Laciniosa (Mighels ). Testa parva, conico-globosa, solidula, cinnamomea lineis flexuosis luteis variegata: spira anfractibus quinis subplanulatis, ultimo angulato eb stris elevatis duobus ad tribus cincto: apertura lunata; labro acuto, ad columellam expanso ; operculo tenut, fulvo. Helicina laciniosa, Micuets ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 19. Jan. 1845. SHELL conic-globose, rather solid, of a cinnamon-brown colour, variegated with yellowish zigzag stripes. Spire composed of five flattened whorls, the last of which is obtusely angular at periphery, and has two or three raised revolving lines upon it. The aperture is lunate, the lip acute, expanding in the vicinity of the columella. Operculum thin, yellowish-brown. Axis one-tenth of an inch; base three-twentieths of an inch. Found at Kauai, Sandwich Islands. Couthowy. Waianai, Pickering. Resembles the two preceding ; but is distinguished from H. fulgora by being smaller and more globular, and from H. musiva, by the raised revolving lines, and by having zigzag markings both on the base and on the spire. Figures 108, 108 a, 1084, three views of the shell, magnified three diameters; 108, natural size. HELICINA TROCHLEA (Gould). Testa minuta, trochiformis, supra cinerea, costis acutis volventibus tribus vel quatuor (intervallis concavis, scabrosis) cincta, infra convexa, polita, citrina: spira anfractibus quatuor, ultimo ad peripheriam bicarinato : apertura sub-trigona ; peristomate leviter reflexo ; colu- mella ad basim angulata, callo copioso induta. 100 MOLLUSCA. Helicina trochlea, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 202. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 36. SHELL minute, depressed, conical beneath, convex, smooth, and of a citron colour, somewhat radiately flamed with light and dark ; above ashy-gray, and girdled with sharp, elevated ribs, of which there are three on the upper and five on the outer whorl, the two last form- ing a bicarinated periphery. ‘The interspaces are roundly excavated, and barred by elevated lines of growth. ‘There are four whorls, form- ing a low, acute, pyramidal spire. The aperture is rather large, of a somewhat triangular form, with the lip most delicately reflected. The columella projects a little, and is joined by the lip at an angle, and the base is coated by a well-marked callus. Axis three-fortieths of an inch; base one-eighth of an inch. Inbabits Metia or Aurora Island, under stones. Couthouy. It has the size and nearly the form of H. rupestris, Pfeiffer, and is distinct from all other species by its well-marked, sharp, revolving ribs. Figures 109, 109 a, 109 6, three views of the shell, enlarged; 109 c, natural size. HELICINA MULTICOLOR (Gould). Testa parva, solidula, conico-globosa, tenuissimé striata, citrina, tn- terdum fusco-fasciata, vel omnino fusco-rubra, subtus convexa: spira anfractibus quatuor convexiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato ; sutura impress: apertura lunata, lata ; peristomate simplici, acuto, ad basim obtuse angulato ; columella callo copioso induta. Helicina multicolor, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 202. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 36. ANIMAL cream colour, sometimes spotted with brown. SHELL minute, rather solid, globose-conical, delicately striated with GASTEROPODA. 101 lines of increment, of a lemon colour, or banded with reddish-brown, or entirely reddish-brown. Whorls four, slightly convex, separated by a well-marked suture, the outer one rounded at the periphery, but rather compressed. Beneath nearly as convex as above. Aperture rather broadly lunate; lip sharp and simple, angulated as it rises on the left, where it is broadly expanded into a rather copious callus. Length of axis one-tenth of an inch; breadth three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Tahiti and Eimeo. Couthouy. Figures 110, 110a, 110 4, three views of the shell, enlarged; 110 c, natural size, with the animal. One of the smallest known species. It is like a small Singapore species, which has a smooth, depressed spire, solid shell, and rib-like carina about the periphery, and an expanding lip. It is principally remarkable for its variable colouring. CyciostToma TIARA (Gould). Testa solida, rudis, turbinata, distorta, sordidé alba, laté umbilicata : spira anfractibus quinque laxis, rotundatis, spiraliter liratis, supernis undulatis ; inter liros lineis incrementalibus conferté clathratis : aper- tura circularts ; pertstomate simplice. Cyclostoma tiara, GouLD ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 204. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 37. Suet solid, turban-shaped, or depressed-conical, of a dirty, ashy white, the surface rude, usually having coarse and unequal revolving lines, and with the smaller whorls feebly undulated ; the spaces between the revolving lines are closely barred by the lines of growth. There are six whorls, which are more or less carinated at the periphery, the last of which is somewhat distorted, and becomes nearly disjoined from the preceding near the aperture. The whorls are rounded below, and form a large and deep umbilicus, displaying all the whorls. 26 102 MOLLUSCA. The aperture barely touches the penultimate whorl, and has a simple lip. Length of axis half an inch; breadth three-fourths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu. Couthouy. This rather large species stands at the head of a small group of rude and very variable species from the Pacific Islands. They have a bony structure, are coarsely indented and striated spirally, the whorls are often almost disconnected, and the umbilicus is so large as on the whole to approximate Solarium. Figures 116, 116 a, two views of the shell. CycLosToMA STRIGATUM (Gould). Testa solida, orbiculato-conica, pallidé beryllina, supra costulis cingulata, infra sub-planulata, umblilico amplo et carina acuta impendente limi- talo perforata: spira anfractibus quinque convexis, sutura bene dis- cretis, ultimo prope aperturam despecto, feré disjuncto: apertura cir- cularis ; peristomate simplict, everso, acuto. Cyclostoma strigatum, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., il. 204. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 38. Suet rather small, solid, globose-conical, of a greenish-white, or pale beryl colour ; the surface above is fluted with regularly disposed rib-like ridges, of which there are about six on the last whorl, with the intervening spaces concavely excavated and finely barred with the lines of growth. ‘There are about five convex, somewhat earinated whorls, separated by a well-defined suture ; and the last one, just before it reaches the aperture, becomes somewhat detached, and curves inwards towards the axis. The base is somewhat flattened and smooth, or very minutely striated spirally. The umbilicus is large and tunnel-shaped, margined by a sharp, overhanging carina. The aperture barely touches the penultimate whorl, has a simple, sharp, shightly expanding lip. The operculum is thin, horny. The young specimens differ much from the adult, in being almost discoidal, with the umbilicus nearly as large as the aperture. GASTEROPODA. 103 Length of axis three-tenths of an inch; breadth nine-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu. Couthouy. This is not half as large as C. tiara, and may be recognised by its uniform grooving and fluting, its sub-globose form, its plain, flattened base, and its tunnel-shaped umbilicus, bordered by an overhanging carina. Fioures: 117, 117 a, two views of the shell; 1170, side view of a young shell with the animal. CycLostToMa PLicatuM (Gould). Testa parva, solida, rudis, pyramidata, cinereo-virens, plicis confertis obliquis rugata, et struis minutis volventibus cincta: spira acuta, an- Sractibus sex rotundatis et sutura bené discretis, ultimo ad peripheriam rotundato ; infra convexa et umbilico modico acuté marginato perfo- rata: apertura circularis ; peritremate sumplict. Cyclostoma plicatum, Goutp: Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 205. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 38. Anima with a muzzle remarkably prolonged, so that at times it looks like a regular proboscis. Tentacles long and taper; eyes very distinct at external base; foot pale ochreous, upper part of head, neck, and sides a faint red. SHELL small, solid, rude, pyramidal-conic, of a pale greenish ash- colour, the whole surface striated with fine revolving raised lines, most prominent on the upper whorls, while the two larger whorls are closely and regularly undulated obliquely with prominent folds which are continued upon the base. Whorls six, convex, distinctly defined by the suture, rounded at the periphery. The base is convex, and perforated by a rather contracted, tunnel-shaped umbilicus, which is defined by an acute margin. The lip is acute and simple, very slightly everted. 104 MOLLUSCA. Axis and diameter two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu. Couthouy. Differs from C. str7gatum in its more elevated, acutely conical form, its plaited whorls without prominent revolving lines, its rounded periphery and base, and its more contracted umbilicus. The young are also discoidal, without folds, but with rather strong, somewhat nodular spiral lines, and the colour is of a bright beryl green. Figure 118, shell with the animal; 118 a, 118 8, top and base of the shell. CycLosToMa OBLIGATUM (Gould). Testa parva, crassa, sub-globosa, cinerea, arcté perforata, utrinque sulcis et costulis acutis sub-crenulatis equalibus cincta, et linets incrementi subtilissimis striata: spira acuta, anfractibus quinque rotundatis : apertura parva, ovata ; peristomate simplici, crasso. Cyclostoma obligatum, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 205. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 38. Suet small, very thick and solid, ovate-globose, of an ashy-white colour; the whole shell is sculptured with raised, revolving threads, and intervening grooves of about equal size; the threads or ribs are somewhat sharp, and with an edge slightly scolloped. There are five rounded whorls, forming an acute spire: the base is convex and polished ; the aperture very small, about half the length of the shell, and of an ovate form, being acute posteriorly: lip thick and rounded. Umbilicus very small. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth one-third of an inch. Inhabits Metia Island. Couthouy. Still smaller than C. phcatum, and remarkable for its solid structure, its alternate coarse ridges and grooves, and its small, ovate aperture. It looks not unlike some specimens of Lettorina rudis. GASTEROPODA. 105 Figures 119, 119 a, two views of the shell. CycLosTroMA DIATRETUM (Gould). Testa planorboidea, albido-cornea, supra costis acutis remotis, ad inter- vallos cincinné clathratis, cincta, laté umbilicata: spira planulata, anfractibus quatuor cylindraceis, cito crescentibus, propé suturam decliventibus: apertura circularis ; peristomate simplici. Cyclostoma diatretum, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. TELS ing Mle 205. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 38. Suett discoidal, whitish, or pale horn-colour, solid; whorls four, rapidly enlarging, forming a flat spire, and sloping downwards to the suture; they are cylindrical, but the surface is made angular above by four smooth, distant, triangular ribs, and has the intervening con- cave spaces most delicately barred by the lines of growth: beneath concave, widely and loosely umbilicate, and striated with numerous revolving, raised lines. Aperture large, circular, very oblique, barely united to the preceding whorl; lip simple. Length one-fifth of an inch ; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Found at Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands. Drayton. Answers very nearly to the description of C. orbella, Lam. The whorls increase more rapidly, the cost are more distant above, and the umbilicus is less broad and open. Figures 124, 124 a, 124.0, three views of the shell. CyYcLosToMA ROSEUM (Gould). Testa parva, solida, elevato-conica, glabra, pallidé rosea: spira acuta ; anfractibus sex convexiusculis, supra arcté tabulatis ; sutura bené im- pressd: apertura spiram haud equans, ovata; peristomate everso, acuto ; fissura umbilical costa circumambiente finita. 27 106 MOLLUSCA. Cyclostoma roseum, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 205. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 39. SHELL small, elevated, ovate-conical, rather solid, smooth, of a pale rose-red, or flesh-colour. The spire is composed of six whorls, which are a little convex, and have a decided, but very narrow shoulder at the suture. Aperture less than half the length of the shell, ovate, acute posteriorly, coloured as exteriorly; lip pale, not reflexed, but somewhat everted to form a sharp edge. ‘The umbilicus enters by a very long, narrow channel, running behind the inner lip, and bounded outwardly by a delicate rib. Length of axis seven-twentieths of an inch; diameter one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. This shell, with several others from the Pacific Islands, forms a group characterized by their slender, elevated form, and the rib which circumscribes the umbilical region. It is more deeply and uniformly coloured than C. rubens, Quoy, which is also smaller, thinner, and has a much larger umbilicus. Figure 121, front view of the shell, enlarged; 121 a, side view of the last whorl, enlarged ; 121 4, natural size. CyCLOsTOMA TEREBRALE (Gould). Testa parva, turrita, acuminata, flavida vel dilute cornea, levigata, umbilico rimato circumvallato perforata: spira elevata, acuta, anfrac- tibus sex ad octo convexiusculis, antice sub-angulatis, sese partim obte- gentibus ; sutura impressa: apertura sub-rotunda, postice angularvs, campanulata ; peristomate simplici, anfractui penultimo late adnato. Cyclostoma terebrale, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 206. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 39. SHELL small, elongated, acutely turreted, pale-yellowish or watery born-colour; whorls seven, obtusely angular below the middle, espe- GASTEROPODA. 107 cially the upper ones; moderately convex, somewhat contracted poste- riorly, so that each whorl overhangs a little the succeeding one in a sort of imbricated manner ; acuminated at tip. Aperture rather large, nearly round, a little angular behind, orange within. Lip simple, campanulate, touching the preceding whorl about one-quarter of its circuit. Umbilicus free, fissure-like, margined by a faint angle. Breadth one-tenth of an inch; length one-fourth of an inch. Found at Tahiti and Eimeo, at an elevation of 3500 feet. Cou- thouy. Distinguished from other similar species by its acuminated spire, angular, imbricated whorls, and expanded aperture. Its general form and appearance is like Pupa fallax, Say. Figure 120, an elongated specimen, and figure 120 a, a short speci- men, enlarged ; 1204, natural size. CycLosToMa VaLLAtTuM (Gould). Testa parva, solida, elongato-conica, lucida, fusco-cornea: spira anfrac- tibus sex convexis, sub-angulatis, ultimo costa valida umbilicum ambi- ente munito: suturd profunda: apertura oblique ovata; peristomate continuo, simplict, campanulato. Cyclostoma vallatum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Staats 206. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 39. SHELL small, ovate, elongated, rather thin, translucid, polished, bronzy horn-colour, umbilicate. Whorls six, convex, the last whorl with an obtuse angle at the periphery, which also appears near the suture of the other whorls as it winds up the spire. ‘There is also, revolving about the umbilicus, a rib-like ridge; suture channeled. Aperture obliquely ovate, with the lip continuous and slightly ex- panded, but not reflexed. Length of axis one-sixth of an inch; diameter one-twelfth of an inch. Inhabits the Tonga Islands. Drayton. 108 MOLLUSCA. Very similar to the next species, but smaller and less ventricose, smoother and horn-coloured, and with one whorl less, and moreover the umbilicus is margined by a rib. It is smaller than C. ¢terebrale. It is possibly the C. dubium of Pfeiffer, though he describes the peri- stome as interrupted. Figure 122, front view of the shell, enlarged ; 122 a, natural size. CycLosToMA scITuLUM (Gould). Testa parva, elongato-conica, tenuis, rufo-cornea, strits incrementi tenui- bus solum insculpta, arcté umbilicata: spira elevata ; anfractibus sex vel septem rotundatis, supernis sub-angulatis ; sutura profunda : aper- tura rotundato-ovata, parva, trientem longitudinis adequans ; peristo- mate simplict, pallido. Cyclostoma scitulum, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 206. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 39. SHELL minute, thin, elongated, ovate, covered with a delicate red- dish horn-coloured epidermis, exhibiting faint and irregular lines of increment of a paler colour. Spire elevated, of nearly seven rounded whorls, separated by a deep suture, the upper ones somewhat angular posteriorly ; aperture small, rounded-ovate, about one-third the length of the shell. Lip simple, pale, united with the penultimate whorl on the columellar side for a considerable space. Umbilicus elongated, very small. Length one-fifth of an inch; breadth exceeding one-tenth of an inch. Found at the islands of Tahiti, Eimeo, and Manua. Couthouy. Almost exactly like Amnicola Sayana, Anth. It is larger and more ventricose than C. vallatum, and is distinguished from C. terebrale by its less slender form and unexpanded lip. Figures 123, and 123a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 123 4, natural size. GASTEROPODA. 109 TruncaTenta Virtana (Gould). Testa decollata, conico-cylindracea, solidula, flavido-cinerea ; spira an- fractibus superstitibus quatuor vel quinque planiusculis, costulis sub- rectis, elevatis, obtusis ad triginta clathratis: apertura obliqua, rotun- dato-elliptica ; peristomate expanso, continuo, anfractui penultimo haud adnato, costa marginato que posticé ad suturam producta est : operculum laminatum. Truncatella Vitiana, Goutv; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 208. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 40. Suet rather large and solid, decollated, cylindrico-conical, of a pale yellowish, or dirty ash-colour. Whorls remaining after trunca- tion about four or five, slightly convex, barred with about thirty nearly straight, elevated, obtuse ribs, some of which, on the last whorl, are lost before attaining the base. The aperture is obliquely rounded, elliptical, entire; the lip trumpet-shaped, rather widely distant from the penultimate whorl on the pillar side, margined by a rib which, on the outer side, is continuous not only with the left lip behind, but also passes on till it reaches the regular course of the suture, so that, when viewed at the right side of the aperture, it does not seem disjoined from the preceding whorl; umbilical region slightly angulated. Length three-tenths of an inch ; diameter one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands, where it is very abundant. One of the largest species, distinguished especially by the peculiar manner in which the outer lip forms its junction posteriorly ; the ribs also become fused posteriorly, so that the intervening flutings do not always reach the suture. It varies much in size, but not in sculpture. It is not very different from T. valida, Pfeiffer, but it can scarcely be said to be carinate at base, and is in no degree umbilicated. Figure 126, front view of the shell, enlarged ; 126 a, last whorl, en- larged; 126 0, natural size. 28 110 MOLLUSCA. TRUNCATELLA AURANTIA (Gould ). Testa parva, decollata, conico-cylindracea, aurantia, sub-perforata, lon- gitudinaliter confertim clathrata ; clathris elevatis, rectis, numero ad quadriginta in singulis anfractibus: spira anfractibus quinque con- vexis : apertura obliqua, ovata ; peristomate albo, continuo, reflexo. Truncatella aurantia, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 208. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 39. SHELL small, elongated, conic-cylindrical, orange-coloured. There remain five whorls after truncation, which are quite convex, and barred longitudinally with erect, elevated cross-bars, about forty in number on each whorl. Aperture oblique, oval; lip white, slightly reflexed, continuous, advancing at base, thickened on the left margin, where it covers a slight umbilical chink; base angular. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Obtained at Mangsi Island, near Borneo. Prckering. Its principal characters are its large size, very convex whorls, and very numerous bars. ‘J. Caribbeorum, Sowb., is often of the same colour, but is more robust, the whorls less convex, and the bars less numerous and less elevated. Figure 125, front view of the shell, enlarged; 125 a, side of the last whorl, enlarged ; 125 4, natural size. TRUNCATELLA PoRRECTA (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, sub-cylindrica, decollata, allida ; spira anfracti- bus superstitibus quatuor convexts, clathris humilibus acutis ad sexde- crm instructis, ad intervallos minutissime et longitudinalhter striatis : apertura rotundato-lunata, anfractui penultimo late sejuncta ; peristo- mate continuo, extrorsum expanso: operculum laminis arrectis radian- tibus eccentricis ornatum. GASTEROPODA. lll Truncatella porrecta, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 208. March 1847. Expedition Shells, 40. SHELL small, very slender, subcylindrical, rather thin, decollated at apex, dirty white, remaining whorls four, unusually convex and separated by a profound suture, barred with about sixteen delicate, sharp, humble ribs, the intervening spaces, when viewed by a strong magnifier, minutely striated lengthwise. Aperture rounded-lunate, stretching to some distance beyond the penultimate whorl ; lip conti- nuous, broadly expanded on the outer side, erect on the columellar side, leaving the penultimate whorl at some distance. The opercu- lum is bony, eccentric, and its elements rise into sharp, elevated lamine, Length one-fourth of an inch; diameter three-fortieths of an inch. Inhabits Tahiti. The distinguishing marks of this shell are its slender form, its sculpture, the unusually rounded whorls, and the great protrusion of the last whorl. Only one specimen was examined. Figure 127, front view of the shell; 127a, side view of the last whorl; 1278, aperture, with the operculum, all enlarged ; 127, natu- ral size. TRUNCATELLA ROSTRATA (Gould). Testa parva, conico-cylindracea, nitida, decollata, incarnata, oblique clathrata ; clathris ad duodecim robustis: spira anfractibus quinque convexiusculis: apertura parva, oblique ovata; peristomate continuo, crasso, albido, duplici, reflexo. Truncatella rostrata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 209. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 40. SHELL small, elongated, conical, flesh-coloured, barred somewhat obliquely with about twelve stout bars on each whorl, which disap- pear before reaching the base. Whorls about five, slightly convex, the apex detruncate. Aperture small, obliquely ovate; lip large, 112 MOLLUSCA. double, reflexed, continuous. The secondary lip being very robust, distant from the true lip, in profile looks like an obtuse spine or beak, at the base of the shell. Length nine-fortieths of an inch; diameter three-fortieths of an inch. Found at Rio Janeiro. Couthouy. In size and colour this species much resembles J. Cumingiana, Adams, which has been pronounced to be a variety of T. scalaris, Michaud; but that shell is smaller, has only eight bars, which are whitish, more elevated, and acute; and unless that species is subject to extraordinary variation, must be regarded as different. ' Figure 128, front of the shell, enlarged; 1284, side of last whorl, enlarged ; 128 4, natural size. PLANORBIS VERMICULARIS ( Gould). Testa parva, fornicata: spira planulata, apice depresso; anfractibus quatuor, cylindracets, ultimo prope aperturam deflexo: subtus concava: apertura perobliqua, elliptica. Planorbis vermicularis, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 212. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 42. SHELL small, dome-shaped, minutely striated by growth, white, (probably bleached by the liquor from which it was taken ;) whorls four, breadth and height about equal, the last one deflected near the aperture, rounded at periphery, tip depressed, suture very deep, the whorls sloping towards it; base cup-shaped, exhibiting all the whorls. Aperture exhibiting a very oblique section of a cylinder ; lip embracing about one-half the height of the last whorl and joined by callus. Diameter one-fifth of an inch; height one-fifteenth of an inch. Found in the interior of Oregon. Drayton. - GASTEROPODA. 113 It is about the size of P. deflectus, Say, but is less depressed, the whorls more cylindrical, not carinated at periphery. Figures 131, 131 a, 131 0, three views of the shell. PLANORBIS OPERCULARIS (Gould). Testa parva, valde depressa, castanea, supra planulata ; apice depresso : subtus convexa, late umbilicata, ad peripheriam marginata et obtuse carinata: spira anfractibus quatuor, suturd bene impressa sejunctis : apertura transversa, subrhiomhondea. Plancrbis opercularis, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. ii. 212. June 1347. Expedition Shells, 42. SHELL small, dextral, much depressed, lenticular, with a prominent, blunted keel at the periphery, defined by a marginal compressed line ; tip sunken; beneath umbilicated for about one-third the breadth of base, showing three volutions, convex, surface rather rude and in- dented, marked with irregular, coarse, much arcuated lines of growth, and here and there a few obscure, raised, revolving lines; colour dark chestnut brown, a little clouded; whorls above four, slightly convex, suture well defined, impressed: aperture transversely subrhomblic, lip above slightly declining, at periphery acute angled, beneath arched, lips embracing three-fourths of that part of the whorl which is beneath the carina. Length one-fourth of an inch; diameter one-sixteenth of an inch. Obtained from the Sacramento River, California. Allied to P. exacutus, \yut is larger, less compressed and less delicate, and the periphery instead of being sharp-edged, has a blunted keel like P. carinatus. Figures 132, 132 a, 1326, three views of the shell. PLANORBIS CORPULENTUS (Say), Appendix to Long’s Exped., 362 29 114 MOLLUSCA. pl. 15. fig. 9. Hatpreman, Monograph of Limniades (Planorhis), pl. 3, fig. 7-9. Animat dark emerald green, profusely dotted above and below with small white points, paler beneath. Head large, tentacles very slender. Inhabits the Columbia River, Oregon. Drayton. Figure 130, side view of the shell and animal; 1304, the locomo- tive disc of the animal; 1300, the head in outline. * PLANORBIS KERMATOIDES (D’Orpicny), Amerique Merid., 350, pl. 45, fig. 1-4. Anima dusky olive green; beneath, paler at the centre and edges of the foot ; head broad and pale. Inhabits streams near Lima, Peru. Couwthouy. PLANORBIS FERRUGINEUS (Srix), Test. Brazil., pl. 18, f.1,2. D’Or- BiGNY; Amer. Merid. The animal of this species is remarkable for the great length of its slender tentacles, and for the beauty of its coloration. Mr. Couthouy describes it as varying from a deep orange red to a bright, transparent cherry colour. A variety was found with the animal ashy-brown ; and he figures a variety with both shell and animal of a deep bottle- green, though with some doubt as to its being the same species, as it seems to have fewer whorls and a coarser surface. Mr. Couthouy remarks, that he was surprised to find how barren of mollusks all the fresh waters in this region are; for, though as many as forty different streams were explored, this shell, with a single Ain- pullaria and a single Melania were the only species detected. PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS (Say); Nicholson’s Encye. iv., pl. 2, f. 2. Amer. Conch., pl. 54, f. 2. Hatpeman; Limniades, pl. 2, figs. 4-7, GotvLp; Inverteb. of Mass., 201, fig. 131. GASTEROPODA. 115 Some incomplete specimens of Planorbis accord so exactly with the corpulent variety of P. trivolvis from Vermont, that I hesitate to regard them as distinct, though their broad separation in space would indicate it. They are thin and delicate, aud the whorl rises so much, when lying in the dextral position, that the aperture surmounts the preceding whorl by nearly one-third its height. They are also of a very light, almost white colour. More numerous and more perfect specimens are requisite for a more satisfactory decision, Puysa VENUSTULA (Gould). Testa parva, ovata, pellucida, nitidu, dilute cornea: spira elevata, anfrac- tibus quinque ventricosis, pustice subangulatis ; apertura ovata ; colu- mella valida, albida, vuldé sinuata. Physa venustula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., il. 215. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 43, AnimaL not so long as the shell, yellowish-green, tinted on the back and near the margin with blue; bencath, with a submarginal band of sky-blue, blending at the edges with green. Head short and transverse ; tentacles short and pale, mantle largely developed, with five or six deep digitations. SHELL small, ovate, shining, pellucid, very pale yellowish horn- colour; the spire is one-half the length of the aperture, of an acute form. Whorls five, ventricose, and slightly shouldered posteriorly- The aperture is ovate, the outer lip deviating a little from a regular curve bya slight inflection; the pillar lip is strong, whitish, and form- ing a conspicuous sinus as it joins the whorl above. There is a slight approach to an umbilical perforation. Length three-tenths of an inch; diameter three-twentieths of an inch. Obtained in the vicinity of Lima, Peru. Couthouy. This, though apparently a common species, I do not find to be de- 116 MOLLUSCA. scribed. It closely resembles very small specimens of P. heterostropha, Say, though its form and texture is more like P. fontinalis, which, how- ever, has a much shorter spire. Figures 134, 134a, two views of the animal and shell enlarged ; 1344, shell of the natural size. Puysa TAbuLaTa (Gould). Testa ovata, sub-solida, impolitu, fuliginesa: spira anfractibus quatuor ad quinque ventricosis, superne angulate-carinatis, late tabulatis : apertura elliptica, dimidiam teste lngitudinis superans: columella albidd, viz plicata ; fuuce fusco-castuned. Physa tabulata, Gounp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 214. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 42. ANIMAL olive green, paler at edves, tentacles long and slender, eyes on prominent basal tubercles; mantle slightly fringed. SHELL ovate, strong, nearly opaque, the exterior rather coarsely striated, and the surface of a dead, dusky brown colour, owing in part to the adhesion of dark earthy particles. _Whorls four or five, ventri- cose, with a sharp, decided, carinated angle at some distance from the suture, so as to produce a very strongly marked scaffolding, and giving the shell a remarkably angular aspect. Aperture rounded, nearly oval, more than half the length of the shell, modified by the penultimate whorl, where it is covered by a thin callus. Columella whitish, rounded, nearly destitute of any fold; cavity of the shell very dark chestnut brown. Length seven-tenths of an inch ; diameter four-tenths of an inch. Found in a mountain stream, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Dray- ton. Not to be mistaken for any other species. It is very much more angular than P. ancillaria, Say, and the keel upon the angle, when closely examined, is found to be minutely crenulated. It is very varia- _—_ GASTEROPODA. 117 ble in size, like P. variabilis, Gray. But according to his description, it is the lower part of the whorl, instead of the upper, which becomes angular and keeled in that species. Figure 136, front of the shell; 136, side, with the animal; 136 3, shell, natural size. Puysa crpposa (Gould). Testa obovata, tenuis, glabrata, luteo-cornea: spira acuminata, anfrac- tibus quinque rotundatis, ultimo posticé valde gibboso, antice attenuato : apertura angusta, subovalis, trientes duas longitudinis adequans ; colu- mella sinuata, callo induta. Physa gibbosa, Goutn ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 214. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 42. Ayimat large; tentacles short; dark rusty-brown above; fawn- coloured beneath; mantle fringe not noticed. Suet of moderate size, obovate, rather thin, delicately striated, smooth, of a yellowish horn-colour. Spire drawn to a delicate point, composed of nearly six well-rounded whorls, the last of which is pecu- liarly dilated posteriorly, and forms an obtuse ridge at some distance from the suture; anteriorly it is much narrowed. Aperture rather narrow, about two-thirds the length of the shell, of an oval form. The columella is sharp, and has a small, whitish fold upon it, and the penultimate whorl is coated with enamel. Interior brownish. Length five-eighths of an inch; diameter three-eighths of an inch. Found in fresh-water streams at Paramatta, New South Wales. Presented by Mrs. Mitchill. The resemblance to P. ancillaria, Say, in the younger specimens, is very striking, but the older ones are more like P. tabulata ; the last whorl, however, is merely gibbous, and not angular. P. Nove-Hol- landie, Gray, is somewhat similar, but is much more elongated, and neither angular nor gibbous. 30 118 MOLLUSCA. Figure 137, side of the shell, with the animal; 137 a, front view of the shell. Puysa stnuata (Gould). Testa parva, ovata, cornea, arcuatim striata: spira acuta ; anfractibus quinque rotundatis postice sub-angulatis ; sutura profunda: apertura obovata, angusta, antice sub-effusa, postice emarginata ; labro antror- sum arcuato ; columella incrassata, sub-perforata, reflexa. Physa sinuata, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 214. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 43. SHELL small, rather solid, ovate, pointed at tip, reddish horn-colour, marked with arched strie of growth. Whorls five, well rounded, and separated by a profound suture ; aperture about two-thirds the length of the shell, narrow-ovate, acute posteriorly, and somewhat effuse at base. The lip arches forwards, when viewed in profile, leaving a very dis- tinct sinus as it joins the preceding whorl. Columella broad and thickened, somewhat reflected, so as to give a faint appearance of an umbilicus; there is a thick deposit of callus on the inner lip. Colu- mellar fold rather strongly marked. Length half an inch; diameter one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Drayton. A well-marked species, especially remarkable for its thickened inner lip, and for the advancing outer lip, and consequent posterior sinus, and for the arched strie of growth, which I have seen in no other species except P. gibbosa. Figures 139, 139 a, 139d, three views of the shell. Puysa RETICULATA (Gould ). Testa tenuts, elongata, ovato-conica, fulva, striis subtilissimis decussata: spira anfractibus quatuor ad quinque ventricosis ; sutura profundis- GASTEROPODA. 119 stma: apertura obovata, dimidiam teste longitudinis vix superans ; columella rufa, valde plicata. Physa reticulata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii 214. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 43. SHELL rather large, thin, elongated, ovate-conic, of a brownish- yellow colour, somewhat shining, but roughened by crowded lines of growth, which are crossed, more especially in young specimens, by very minute revolving lines. Spire elevated; whorls five, of which one or two are often lost, quite ventricose, and separated by a very deep suture. Aperture rounded ovate, scarcely more than half the length of the shell. Columella reddish-brown, very strongly folded, and united to the outer lip by callus. Length seven-tenths of an inch; diameter three-tenths of an inch; but it varies much inits dimensions. Another specimen measured six- tenths by three-tenths of an inch ; another one-half by one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Sandwich Islands; common. Remarkable for its general colour, its coloured columella, its re- volving strize (which are not always seen on very old specimens), and its very tumid whorls, like a reversed Limnea elodes, Say. In the Voyage de la Bonite, pl. 29, we have Lymnée de Oahu, figs. 38-41, and L. (Physa) voisine, figs. 42-44; the latter appears to be the young of the former. The animals of both seem to be alike, but are so indefinitely delineated that it is impossible to say whether it be truly a Physa or a Limnea. In a region where shells seem to take a direction to the right or left so indifferently, it would not be sur- prising to find reversed shells common in the fresh water, as well as on the land; and if here is an instance, I should decide, from its general figure, that this were a Limnea rather than a Physa. Figure 140, an elongated specimen ; 140 a, a short specimen; 1404, the back of shell. 120 MOLLUSCA. Puysa VIRGINEA (Gould). Testa elongato-ovata, tenuis, fragilis, lucida, nitida, alba: spira acuta, anfractibus quinque convexis, postice subangulatis: apertura elongata, obovata, posticé acuta ; columella leviter plicata. Physa virginea, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 215. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 43. SHELL slender and delicate, thin and shining, of a milk-white or porcelain-white colour: spire about one-third the length of shell, sharply pointed, of five or more moderately convex whorls, the last of which has a faintly angular appearance near the suture. Aperture narrow and elongated, two-thirds the length of shell, acute behind. Columella short, delicate, slightly sinuate, folded. Length three-fifths of an inch; diameter one-third of an inch. Inhabits the Sacramento River, California. Lieutenant Budd. A very well-marked species, of a porcelain-like structure and co- lour, which appears not to be the consequence merely of blanching. It is less slender than P. hypnorum, and more like P. gyrina, Say, or P. rivalis, in form, but is a far more delicate shell, and one of the most elongated species. Figures 138, 138 a, two views of the shell. Puysa RivaLis (Potier and Micu.), Galerie, 226, pl. 22, figs. 21, 22. D’Orsicny; Amer. Merid. 341. Gray; Spicil. Zool. 1828. Anima much elongated, of an indigo-blue colour, pale greenish at the edges; head and tentacles small; mantle largely developed, and with numerous short fimbrie, radiately striped with greenish and indigo. GASTEROPODA. 121 Found in streams near Lima, Peru. Figure 135, the animal with the shell. LIMNEA LEPIDA (Gould). Testa gracilis, elongato-conica, fragilis, diluté cornea, striis volventibus remotis et strus incrementalibus undulosis decussata: spira acumi- nata ; anfractibus quinque obliquis, convexiusculis : apertura magna, semilunaris, expansa ; plica columellari pernotabili, acuta. Limnea lepida, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 211. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 41. SHELL very fragile, elongated, very acutely conical, sub-umbilicate, pale horn-colour ; whorls five, oblique, moderately convex, forming an acuminated spire; suture moderately impressed ; surface smooth and shining, lines of growth faint, and when examined by a magnifier they are found to be rendered somewhat zigzag, by distant, revolving furrows which cross them. Aperture large and expanded, nearly semicircular, half the length of shell; outer lip expanded ; columella having a very strongly marked, sharp fold, and broadly covered with a thin callus, which, not being closely appressed at the umbilical region, leaves a small chink. Length three-fifths of an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Found at Lake Vancouver, Oregon. Most closely allied to L. pallida, Apams, but is much more delicate, the spire more acuminated, the aperture larger and expanded, the fold of the pillar more developed, and the surface well characterized, when closely examined, by the flexuous lines. The whorls are much more oblique and less convex than in L. desidiosa. Figures 141, 141 a, two views of the shell. 31 122 MOLLUSCA. Limnea vonutata (Gould). Testa parva, tenuissime striata, fulva, cylindraceo-ovata: spira decollata; anfractibus duobus ad tribus superstitibus obliquis, convexiusculis ; sutura modica: apertura ovata, dimidiam teste superans ; columella rufa, valda sinuata. Limnea volutata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 211. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 41. SHELL small, ovate, somewhat cylindrical, as if it had been rolled, of a fawn-colour, the surface deadened by numerous, somewhat irregular, lines of growth. Several of the apicial whorls are lost, and two or three only remain, which are somewhat more oblique than usual, not inflated, sloping in a gentle manner to the suture, which is but mode- rately impressed. Aperture broadly ovate, two-thirds the length of the shell, the columella of a palish-brown colour, and with a well-de- veloped fold. Length three-tenths of an inch; diameter one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Island of Oahu, Sandwich Islands. Much smaller than L. Oahuensis, Souleyet, and with less tumid whorls, slopmg gently to the suture. The somewhat cylindrical aspect of the shell is peculiar. Figures 142, 142 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 142, natural size. Limnea apicina (LEA), Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi. 102. pl. 23. fig. 94. There is one small specimen which accords well with Mr. Lea’s description. It was obtained in the interior of Oregon. LimnEA umprosa (Say), Amer. Conch., pl. 31. Hatpeman; Monog. of Limniades, 25. pl. 7. GASTEROPODA. 123 Two or three imperfect specimens, apparently of this species, were brought from the Columbia and Sacramento Rivers. They are very thin and ventricose, and the aperture is at least half the leneth of the shell. Similar individuals may be found among New York specimens. It may be remarked, that all the land and fresh-water shells beyond the Rocky Mountains have a very fragile structure. Dompeya FasciaTa (Gould). Testa ovata, tenuis, ferrugineo-virens, fusco spiraliter fasciata, creber- rumé plicato-striata et lineis volventibus minimis decussata: spira acuta; anfractibus sex ventricosis ; suturd palhda, marginata ; aper- tura semilunaris ; columella alba, plica acuta instructa. Dombeya fasciata, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., it. 211. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 41. SHELL ovate, thin, shining, of a rusty greenish colour, with four or five narrow bands of dusky, and occasionally some undulating longi- tudinal ones. Surface finely plaited by the lines of growth, which are crossed by very minute revolving lines. Whorls six, very ventricose, forming an acute, entire apex. The suture is nearly white, and has a marginal impressed line. Aperture two-thirds the length of the shell, semilunar, being nearly as acute anteriorly as posteriorly. Columella white, sharp, with an acute fold above the middle. Interior whitish, displaying the brown bands of the exterior. Length three-fourths of an inch; diameter three-eighths of an inch. Found in the river Concon, Quillota, Chili. Cowthouy. Allied to Chilina fluctuosa, D’Orb. (fragils, Gray), but is more regular in form, more ventricose, and more solid ; and it is noted for its very minute revolving lines, its bands, and its pale suture. Figures 145, 145 a, two views of the shell. 124 MOLLUSCA. DomBeya oBovata (Gould). Testa obovata, solidula, palliidé olivacea, longitudinaliter colore satura- tiort fulguratim virgata: spira curta, anfractibus sex convexis, ultimo magno, antrorsum attenuato, postice sub-angulato: apertura magna, ‘elongato-ovata; columella alba, sub-recta, bene plicata : interior livescens. Dombeya obovata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 211. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 41. Suey large, rather solid, opaque, obovate, of a pale olive-green, with numerous longitudinal, zigzag stripes of a dark colour; surface rather rude. Spire composed of six convex whorls, the last of which composes nearly the whole of the shell, and is broadest behind the middle, whence it gradually narrows anteriorly, and descends abruptly to the suture posteriorly, forming a faint obtuse angle. Aper- ture three-fourths the length of the shell, elongated ovate, much less curved on the columellar side; columella white, broadly flattened, nearly straight, so that the tip passes from it, in front, in an angular manner. Interior of a pale, livid flesh-colour. Length seven-eighths of an inch; diameter half an inch. Obtained from the river Concon, Quillota, Chili. Couthouy. In size and marking it is similar to Chzlina major, Gray ; but is less broad, and the suture much less impressed. It is much larger and more ventricose posteriorly than C. pulchra, D’Orb., and much less pictured. ‘The columella is more acute and simulates another tooth. Figures 143, 143 a, two views of the shell. DomBEYA FLUMINEA (D’Orsicny), Amer. Merid., pl. 43, f. 19. Che- jina fluminea, Gray; Sowb. Conch. Ul, fig. 7. Voluta fluminea, Maton; Lin. Transactions. ANIMAL short and stout, furnished with a broad, oval foot, a little broader anteriorly than behind. Respiratory orifice very large, on GASTEROPODA. 125 the right median side of the collar. The head is separated by a fissure from the foot, over, and on each side of which, it projects in a broad, depressed, transversely oval lobe; mouth vertical, furnished with a surrounding oval, fleshy protuberance, like a lip; tentacles very short, obtusely conical; eyes very large and black, at the poste- rior base of the tentacles, a little on one side. On the right side of the animal is a tongue-shaped lobe, which, in crawling, projects ob- liquely backwards over and beyond the foot. Colour pale olive, with gray specks scattered over the foot and all visible parts of the body. Excrement slender, cylindrical, sometimes half an inch in length. Placed in a jar of water, holding only half a pint, ten individuals remained in it twenty-five days in a healthy condition, without a change of the water. They continued for days together attached to the sides of the vessel, towards the bottom ; and then again remained for as long a time above water. When below it, a bubble of air was always visible at the respiratory orifice, from which smaller bubbles would occasionally rise to the top. Two individuals placed in a dry box died, one on the fourth, the other on the sixth day. Two others placed in the same box with wet moss, lived, one for sixteen, and the other for twenty-two days. The animal was very sluggish in its motions, and when retracted was fully concealed in the shell. [Sweic.] It is quite evident, from the above description and from the figure, that this animal belongs to the family Limniada, and is the analogue of the genus Limnea in the southern hemisphere, and that it has no affinity to Auricula, where it has usually been placed. D’Orbigny’s name for the genus is the oldest; but as it has been already applied more than once in Botany, the name Chilina, subsequently given it by Gray, would have been preferable. The specimens were found in fresh water, in Patagonia, about six miles up the Rio Negro. I cannot make out that it differs from the descriptions and figures of specimens said to have come from Chili. Figures 144, 144 a, two views of the animal, with the shell. ANCYLUS ADUNCUS (Gould). Testa exigua, oblique conica, viridula, striis radiantibus et striis 32 126 MOLLUSCA. concentricis decussata; apice acuta, valde incurvata: apertura ovato- rotundata. Ancylus aduncus, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 210. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 41. SHELL very brittle, oval, conical, very faintly transparent; apex posterior, very prominent and strongly incurved, having numerous fine cost radiating from it the whole distance to the margin, decus- sated by minute transverse striations, which, traversing the costée, give the whole surface a closely reticulated aspect. Epidermis thick and adherent, of a dull, sap-green colour, projecting a little beyond the margin. Beneath this, the shell is of a pale yellow or straw-colour during life, turning after desiccation or exposure to the air to a dull white. Aperture ovoid, the posterior extremity slightly narrowed. Interior a dusky white, with a tinge of dull green reflecting through from the epidermis. Length five-fortieths ; breadth two-fortieths ; height three-fortieths of an inch. Abundant in mountain streams of Madeira, especially where there were little rapids, in which places they often cover the stones by hun- dreds, collecting in groups, one upon another, to the number, some- times, of eight or ten. Apex often eroded and chalky. It was very difficult to detach them from the rocks without fracture. Not being provided with boxes to carry them separately, very few reached Fun- chal in good order, and no opportunity was afforded of observing the animal. [J. Pp. c.] The very pointed, projecting, strongly-curved apex makes it to re- semble the aculeus of a rose. It is not unlike A. concentricus, D’Orb.; Amer. Merid., pl. 42, figs. 19, 20. Figures 495, 495 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 495 4, natural size. AMNICOLA BADIA (Gould). Testa minuta, turrita, elongato-conica, badia: spira acuta, apice erosa, GASTEROPODA. 127 anfractibus quinque convexiusculis, ultimo vix angulato; suturd im- pressa: apertura ovata ; peristomate continuo, obtuso, rufo. SHELL minute, elongate, ovate-turreted, rather solid, of a Spanish- brown colour; spire of five or more whorls, forming an acute spire, eroded at tip, whorls moderately convex, shouldered above, the last in- distinctly angular at periphery, imperforate; aperture one-third the length of the shell; peristome complete, edge black, thick; opercle sub-circular, eccentric ; surface smooth. Length one-fifth of an inch; breadth one-twelfth of an inch. Obtained at Tipoona, Banks’ Peninsula, New Zealand. Common in streams among plants. Pzckering. A small elongated species, like Paludina Pretssii, of New Holland, or more like Valwata pupoidea in size, shape, and colour; but the opercle is that of Amnicola. Its colour, and dark, obtuse peristome, give rather prominent characters to a shell so small and so destitute of other marks. Figures 150, 150 a, two views of the shell, magnified ; 150 4, natural size. AMNICOLA GRACILIS (Gould). Testa minuta, elongato-turrita, tenuis, subperforata, epidermide virides- cente nitida: spira acuta, anfractibus quinque convexis ; sutura pro- Sunda ; apertura ovata ; peristomate continuo, labro acuto, subevaso. SHELL minute, elongate, turreted, delicate, smooth, or with faint strie of growth, covered with a thin, pale green epidermis: spire acute, whorls five, convex, the last one half the length of the shell, and partially perforate; aperture ovate, one-third the length of the shell; peristome entire, acute, rising before an indistinct umbilical chink, one-third the length of the shell, somewhat evasive. Length of axis one-fifth of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. 128 MOLLUSCA. Found on plants in fresh-water streams, Banks’ Peninsula, New Zealand. Pickering. More slender, and less solid, than A. badia, as well as of an entirely different colour. Itis very like Paludina acuta of Europe. Figures 151, 151 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 151 b, outline of the shell, natural size. AMPULLARIA COLUMELLARIS. Testa ponderosa, imperforata, rhomboidali-ovalis, nitida, sed sub lente argute reticulata, flavo-viridis et fasciis rubidis cincta: spira pro- ducta, anfractibus septem ventricosis: apertura semilunarts, trientes duos longitudinis teste haud equans ; columella rectd, elongata, cy- lindracea, contorta ; labro flavido, evaso ; fauce rufo-olivaced. Suexi solid, rhomboidal oval, ventricose, imperforate, apparently smooth and shining, but when examined by a magnifier, it is found to be minutely reticulated with revolving lines; pale yellowish-green encircled with narrow reddish-brown bands, arranged somewhat in pairs: whorls seven, rounded, ventricose, a little shouldered at the sutures; spire produced; aperture less than two-thirds the length of the shell, semilunar; columella long, solid, rounded, with much callus above, and rolling outwards at base, which is produced and narrow anteriorly, somewhat effuse, both above and below; callus and mar- gin of lip yellowish; interior wine-colour; lip campanulate, a little everted. Length of the axis two and a half inches ; diameter two inches. Inhabits the Province of Maynas, Peru. Couthouy. Remarkable for its elongated form, its solidity, its want of umbili- cus, and the presence of a columella like the bulimoid helices, instead of the usual circular base. Figures 147, 147 a, two views of the shell. Se So GASTEROPODA. 129 AMNICOLA COROLLA (Gould). Testa parva, ovato-conica, fusca: spira acuta, anfractibus ad sex ven- tricosis, posticé constrictis, angulo submediano aculeos numerosos or- dinatim radiantes gerente, instructis; sutura haud impressa: aper- tura rotundata ; labiis continuts. Melania corolla, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 223. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 44. AnimaL with a very long proboscis; tentacles flagelliform; eyes large, and on large basal pedicles; anterior angle of the foot largely developed ; above, pale dove-colour; beneath, flesh-colour. SHELL small, ovate-conical, turreted, of a dead dusky colour. Whorls about six, ventricose, the last large, and each one strongly angular and scaffolded posteriorly, the angle bearing a series of deli- cate radiating prickles, of which there are as many as twenty on the last whorl; apex acute; suture not impressed. Aperture rounded, ovate, scarcely effuse at base; lip simple, whitish, rounded on the inside, continuous, and slightly attached across the penultimate whorl. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits Banks’ Peninsula, New Zealand. Common in fresh- water streams on plants. Pickering ; Brackenridge. This beautiful little shell, somewhat resembling M. spinulosa, is readily recognised by its coronets of numerous small radiating prickles on the angles of the whorls. The form of the animal, the continuous lip and nearly circular aperture, and also the sub-spiral operculum, place it in the genus Amni- cola, rather than Melania. A similar species was also found by Pro- fessor Adams, in Jamaica, which he has called Melania spinifera ; and another, A. celiata, Gould, by Dr. Perkins, in Liberia. Figure 149, the animal seen from below; 1494, animal with the shell, as in motion ; 149 0, aperture of the shell. 33 130 MOLLUSCA. CINGULA PETENINGENSIS. Testa minuta, sub-perforata, elongato-conica, tenuis, levis, cinereo-viri- dis: spira anfractibus sex convexis ; sutura profunda: apertura lu- nata, trientem longitudinis teste adequans, antrorsum sub-producta ; lahits posticé interruptis. SHELL minute, smooth, elongate-conical, thin, of a grass-green co- lour when fresh, becoming ashy-green when dry. Spire composed of six convex whorls, separated by a deep suture; the last whorl a little more than half the length of the shell. Aperture about one- third as long as the shell, semilunar, a little produced anteriorly, the lips interrupted by the penultimate whorl. The axis is slightly per- forate. Length one-third of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Found adhering to grass on the margin of Lagoa de Peteninga, about six miles from Rio de Janeiro, near the northern entrance of the harbour. The water is here quite saline, the sea breaking into the lake in storms. [. P. c.] The operculum is horny and sub-spiral. As it inhabits the vicinity of brackish water, I doubt not it must be grouped with Turbo minu- tus, Totten, and Lvttorina balthica, and not with Melania, as Mr. Couthouy conjectured. Several small shells of this character are figured by D’Orbigny, under the name of Paludestrina, but none of them accord with this species. Figures 152, 152 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 152d, natural size. Metanopsis ZELANDICA (Gould). Testa solida, ovato-conica, nitida, olivacea, fusco-trifasciata: spira conica, brevis, acuta; anfractibus tribus, supernis planulatis et ad suturam confluentibus ; ultimo magno, posticée planulato, anticée ventri- coso: apertura elliptica, cwrulescens, rufo-fasciata, posticé in canalem GASTEROPODA. 131 obducta ; labro acuto: columella valde arcuata et excavata, postice callo tuberculoso copioso instructa. Melanopsis Zelandica, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 225. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 47. Anta with an oblong foot, rounded at the corners, about half the length of the shell, of an ochreous, lilac-tinted colour, beautifully and thickly dotted with slate-colour. Anterior angles very slightly deve- loped, head half the width of the foot, trapezoidal, beautifully dotted with scarlet; tentacles subulate, half as long as the foot, with six or seven dark annuli; eyes on short, large pedicles at the outer base of the tentacles: above, pale reddish-brown, with pale granular dots, ar- ranged in longitudinal lines, as in the Limneide. SHELL solid, ovate-conic, shining, olive-coloured, with three dusky bands. Spire short, conic, acute; whorls three, the upper ones flat- tened and confluent at the suture, the lower whorl large, posteriorly flattened, anteriorly ventricose, and nearly the whole length of the shell. Aperture elliptical, channeled posteriorly, bluish within and banded with chestnut-brown; lip acute; columella excavated and strongly arcuate, posteriorly bearing a tubercular mass of callus. Length nine-tenths of an inch ; diameter nine-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand; common in fresh water. A well-marked species, distinguished principally by its short, conic spire of three whorls, its greenish banded surface, its arcuated colu- mella, and the bluish colour of its brown banded aperture. Compared with M. prerosa (M. levigata, Lk.), it differs as follows: it is less elon- gated, has three whorls instead of six or seven; its colour is olive- green and banded instead of plain brownish; the last whorl is six- sevenths instead of three-fourths the length of the shell; the aperture is inore elliptical, three-fourths instead of less than two-thirds the length of the shell; the columella is much more excavated and arcuated, so as to curve decidedly downwards when in the crawling position ; the interior is bluish and banded instead of plain pale chestnut. Figures 146, 146 a, side and base of the shell with the animal ; 146 3, shell viewed by the aperture. 132 MOLLUSCA. MELANIA CYBELE (Gould). Testa ovata, turrita, crassa, fuliginosa, epidermide velutino induta: spira ad apicem valde erosa, anfractibus superstitibus ad tribus planulatis, superné tabulatis, et pinnis curtis acutis arrectis ordinatim dispositis coronatis: apertura angusta, elongato-ovalis, postice angu- lata: intus hvida. Melania cybele, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 222. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 44. Anima above mottled grass-green, lemon, and slate-colour, darkest centrally, growing paler laterally, where it is lemon-yellow, the dark spots arranged longitudinally on the body and neck, but in delicate undulating transverse lines on the head ; tentacles slaty and annulated ; ocular pedicles large, lemon-coloured ; points of the mantle much de- veloped, yellowish and dotted; foot beneath, pale brick-red. Sue rather large and solid, dusky black, ovate. It is greatly eroded at the summit, and only about three whorls are left. These are flattened, with a broad, flat shoulder above, the angle of which is crowned by about twelve short, equal, obtuse spines, and these spines are the terminations of small, slightly oblique folds of the whorls. The epidermis is very delicately striated spirally, and where not chafed, the striz will be found garnished with short, equal hairs, form- ing a velvet} surface. The aperture is narrow oval, slightly effuse in front, and modified by the staging behind; interior livid. Lip sharp, and there are few deep revolving furrows in front. Length one inch; breadth five-eighths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee and Samoa Islands. Couthouy ; Drayton. Probably confounded with M. amarula. That shell is lighter coloured, shorter, smoother, and destitute of the velvety epidermis: the spines are less numerous, longer and sharper, and stand out some- what obliquely; in this species they are erect, and resemble mural battlements. Figures 154, 154 a, two views of the shell; 154, the animal; 154 ¢, the operculum. GASTEROPODA. 133 MELanra TETRICA (Gould). Testa oblonga, turrita, ponderosa, fusca, liris paucis cincta: spira truncata, anfractibus superstitibus tribus ad quatuor convexiusculis, postice sub-angulatis et spinis validis acutis quinque ad basim decur- rentibus armatis, interdum muticis: sutura profunda: apertura arcteé elliptica ; intus livida. Melania tetrica, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. EMisti i 222: June 1847. Expedition Shells, 44. SHELL oblong, turreted, solid, dusky brown, composed of three or four whorls, besides several at the summit removed by erosion. Whorls elongated, somewhat convex, obtusely angular above. On the angle are about five long, sharp, stout, diverging spines, which are gene- rally more or less eroded, and sometimes entirely removed, leaving the shell unarmed. There are a few unequal, longitudinal folds or ridges, generally originating from the base of the spines and extending but a short distance. Suture profound. There are also coarse, raised, revolving striw, larger towards the base, and alternately larger and smaller. Aperture narrow, elliptical; lip sharp; interior livid. Length one inch and one-fourth ; breadth five-eighths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. More slender than the preceding, and with more convex whorls. It has nearly the same form as M. bellicosa, Hinds, but is larger, less plaited, and has fewer spines. It is especially distinguished by its few stout spines directed outwards. Some specimens are much like M. Winterz, Von den Busch. Figures 153, 153 a, two views of the shell; 153 6, an unarmed speci- men. MELANIA TERPSICHORE (Gould). Testa elongato-turrita, solidula, olivacea, plagis flexuosis fuscis picta, 34 134 MOLLUSCA. longitudinaliter creberrimé plicata, et liris elevatis versus basim cres- centibus cincta: spira elevata, ad apicem erosa ; anfractibus quatuor posticée subangulatis: apertura anqusta, elliptica, teste longitudinis trientem adequans ; intus cerulescens. Melamia terpsichore, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 222. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 44. SHELL elongated, turreted, solid, olive-green, with flexuous longitu- dinal, dusky stripes between the folds, sometimes banded also with numerous well-marked, crowded, acute, longitudinal folds, fifteen to twenty or more in number, and everywhere covered with coarse, raised, revolving lines, which cross the folds, and render them some- what beaded, and which are coarser, and often alternately larger and smaller towards the base. ‘There are about four moderately convex whorls, and the apex is much eroded. There is a slight angle above the middle, where the revolving line rises into a small, sharp tubercle. Aperture about one-third the length of the shell, narrow elliptical, bluish within ; lip sharp. Length one inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee and Samoa Islands. Of the same group as the preceding, but more slender, and re- markable for the lyrate appearance produced by its numerous folds, decussated by revolving lines, one of which, more conspicuous than the rest, forms a sort of beaded angle. Figures 155, 155 a, two views of the adult shell; 155 4, a young spe- cimen. Metania scipio (Gould). Testa magna, solida, lanceolata, truncata, picea, sursum rufescens et flammulis longitudinalibus fuscis magis ac magis picta (juvenrbus ‘valde subulatis et epidermide tomentoso quoque indutis) creberrimé et minutissime decussato-striata: spira anfractibus superstitibus quatuor GASTEROPODA. 135 vel quinque (totis duodecim ad quindecim) planulatis, obliquis : sutura impressa et marginata: apertura triangularis, valde effusa, postice sub-canaliculata ; regione columellart tumido ; columella planu- lata, acuta, alba: intus plumbea. Melania scipio, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 224. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 45. Anima of a bright lemon-yellow above, beautifully lineated dark- green, concentrically above, and transversely on the proboscis, which is long, conical, bifid at tip; tentacles delicate, annulated; eyes small ; snout below much as above; foot beneath, pale flesh-colour, dotted cream-colour ; angles slightly developed, rounded behind, fringe of the mantle delicate. SHELL large and solid, smooth and shining, of an elongated, regularly lanceolate form; colour pitchy brown, becoming paler posteriorly, till in its young stages it is fawn-colour, and also gradually exhibiting dark, longitudinal flammules, so that the young are beautifully variegated with fawn and black, in nearly equal proportions. The surface is beautifully reticulated by fine lines of growth, and by very minute, close-set, revolving lines; on the largest whorl the former ap- proach to folds, and the latter are quite conspicuous about the base. The young, when fresh and uninjured, are found to be clothed with a delicate, velvety epidermis, a line of close-set hairs corresponding to each of the revolving strie. ‘There are about four or five whorls usually remaining in the adult state, though there are as many as twelve or fifteen im the whole growth; they are very oblique, scarcely convex, being in general continuous in outline with each other, though the suture is abrupt and has a shght contraction below it. The aper- ture is somewhat triangular, acute and contracted posteriorly ; the lip sweeps largely forwards, while at the columella the wall is deeply emarginate, not channeled, so as to be remarkably effuse: the colu- mellar region is very tumid. and the columella very much curved in front, flat, sharp, white. ‘The interior is leaden blue. Length in its usual state, an inch and a half, or three inches when entire ; breadth half an inch. Inhabits the Samoa and Feejee Islands. 136 MOLLUSCA. I have been somewhat minute in the description of this species, which I think is distinct from several closely allied ones which have been described. Indeed, the young, intermediate, and old, are so diffe- rent in this species, that they might well be regarded as distinct spe- cies when seen separately, as has been done in other instances. By means of a series of specimens, it is easy to trace the variations by age. It is most nearly allied to M. funiculus, Quoy, being about the same size and shape when entire ; but the aperture is much longer and more acute posteriorly, and the surface is different; and M. aspirans, Hinds, which is a still larger and more solid shell, with more numerous and less convex whorls, darker and scarcely variegated in colour, and with but a few scattered, coarsish, revolving strie; the aperture is similar, but the lip in old specimens has a yolk-yellow tinge. This shell may be known by its dark, pitchy colour in the three or four adult whorls, gradually changing to pale fawn-colour, with, at the same time, a development of dark flammules; the closely and minutely striated surface, seen only on close examination, and the velvety epidermis on fresh young specimens. It appears to be very common at the Samoa Islands, less so at the Feejees. Figure 156, the animal and shell; 156 @, locomotive disc of the ani- mal; 1566, a young shell, with the animal, to show the velvet epi- dermis ; 156 c, young shell, to show the colouring ; 156 d, profile of the aperture; 156 e, the operculum. MELANIA LuTosa (Gould). Testa crassa, elongato-turrita, striis tenuibus cincta, fusco-castanea, et crusta levi, lutosa, crassa, rubiginosa, omnino obtecta: spira anfrac- tibus septem superstitibus convexis ; suturd profundd: apertura obo- vala, vix effusa, peristomate rufo-limbato ; fauce livida: operculum crassum, osseum, subsprrale. Melania lutosa, Goutpy; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 223. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 45. ANimAL with the proboscis very large and broad, of an umber co- lour above, delicately lineated with white transversely; tentacles GASTEROPODA. 137 rather stout, points of the mantle whitish, well developed: foot not much developed at the angles, orange beneath. A simple, elongated, turreted shell, rather solid, of a dark rusty brown, somewhat shining exterior. On examination, it is found to be incrusted with a thick coat of earthy matter, which readily scales off. Beneath this is found a delicate true epidermis, of a dark chestnut- colour, and beneath it, the shell is grooved with fine spiral lines. The apex is detruncated, and there are about seven moderately con- vex whorls remaining, sloping to a simple suture. The aperture is about one-fourth or one-third the length of the shell, obovate, un- usually rounded and entire at base. The throat is livid in the adult shells, and its entire circumference is margined by a rich brown, by which the species may be distinguished. The operculum is thick, approaching to bone, the apex marginal and basal, elements subspiral. Length an inch and three-fourths ; breadth half an inch. Inhabits Upolu, Samoa Islands. Cowthouy. This simple and graceful shell, has much the form of M. virginica, Say, or M. decollata, Lk. It is well distinguished by the broad, deep brown margin to its whitish aperture, and by its bony operculum. It is remarkable for the very thick earthy crust which envelopes it ; it is so smooth, and so like the usual colour of these shells, as to be readily mistaken for the true surface of the shell. By examining the tip, its true nature is readily detected. Figure 159, shell with the animal; 159 a, the animal seen from be- neath ; 159 4, profile of the aperture ; 159 c, the operculum. Me ania corporosa (Gould ). Testa subulato-conica, decollata, nitida, olivaceo-castanea, juxta suturam cerina, strius plerumque minimis decussata: spira anfractibus ad quinis conveziusculis ; sutura profunda et marginata: apertura an- gusta, pyriformis, anticé viz producta ; intus livida ; columella albida. 35 138 MOLLUSCA. Melania corporosa, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 223. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 45. Antmat large, head remarkably broad and short; above purplish, margined with ochreous yellow; head longitudinally striped with black ; beneath ochreous yellow; points of the mantle moderately developed, yellow. ‘Tentacles very slender, pale, annulated, black. SHELL simple, elongated, rather thin, shining, truncated at tip, of a pale chestnut-colour tinted with olive, and becoming paler, so that the base and the sutural region are of a wax-yellow colour. ‘The strie of growth are rather elevated, regular, and rounded, and these are crossed by fine, obsolete revolving lines, so as to give the surface a very finely reticulated appearance. The whorls which remain are about five in number, moderately convex, separated by a deep, chan- neled suture, with an impressed marginal line on each whorl just below it. The aperture is less than one-third the length of the shell, rather narrow, acute behind and nearly rounded in front. The in- terior is livid brown, except the columellar margin, which is pale. Length an inch and a half; breadth halfan inch. Inhabits the island of Tahiti. Couwthouy. Very nearly of the same shape as M. /utosa, but distinguished by its clean, shining, minutely reticulated surface, its pale sutural region, and its narrower aperture, destitute of the deep brown limbus. Figure 161, shell, with the animal; 161 a, front view of the shell ; 161 4, profile of the aperture. Metania Vartnara (Gould). Testa elongato-conica, levis, badia (junioribus herbaceis et lineolis flexuosis fuscis pictis): spira decollata, anfractibus quatuor ad quin- que superstitibus, subplanulatis, ultimo plerumque stras distantibus cincto ; sutura marginatd : apertura ovata, teste quadrantem equans. — ana tt Se GASTEROPODA. 139 Melania Vainafa, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 224. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 46. Anima small, chestnut-colour above, faintly lineated with dusky ; proboscis long; tentacles slender, somewhat annulated; eyes sur- rounded with whitish; foot beneath orange, with cream-coloured dots, the points of the mantle very small; anterior angles of the foot a good deal dilated ; operculum ovate-rounded. SHELL long and slender, surface smooth, of a deep brown colour in old specimens, but of a yellowish-green colour, with longitudinal, flexuous pencillings of dusky, in young specimens. Spire eroded at tip, and with about four or five flattish whorls remaining. On the last whorl, and occasionally on some of the others, are seen a few dis- tant revolving lines, either raised or depressed. The suture is mode- rately marked, and usually margined. Aperture about one-fourth the length of shell, regularly ovate, the anterior point scarcely produced beyond the regular curve. Interior bluish. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch. Obtained at the falls of Vainafa, island of Upolu, Samoa Group. Couthouy. It has the form and general colour of small, smooth specimens of M. virginica, but the whorls are more flattened, and the front of the aperture is more rounded. Figure 157, side of the shell; 157 a, foot of the animal, with the shell; 157d, the operculum. ME.ania FuRFUROSA (Gould). Testa turrita, ovato-pyramidata, tenuis, scabriuscula, diluté fulva, et prope suturam fusco-maculata, striis arcuatis incrementalibus et strits volventibus tenuissimis decussata: spira integra, anfractibus septem rotundatis, confertis, superne sub-tabulatis ; ultimo magno, ventricoso ; supernis oblique plicatis : apertura lunata, ad columellam effusa. 140 MOLLUSCA. Melania furfurosa, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 225. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 47. Suet of medium size, rather fragile, of a pale fawn or wood-colour, with a range of darker spots just in front of the suture; tip dark; sur- face marked with unequal, arcuated lines of growth, which are crossed by crowded, raised, revolving strie, by which innumerable little pits are left, which give it a dead, roughened aspect. Spire entire, rapidly tapering, pyramidal, of seven very transverse, very convex whorls, separated by a profound suture. ‘The last is large and almost globular, a little more than half the leugth of the shell. The upper whorls are delicately and obliquely plicate. Aperture not quite half the length of the shell, obliquely lunate, effuse at the base of the colu- mella. Interior pale cinnamon-colour. Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth three-eighths of an inch. Obtained at Manila. Allied to M. scabra, which is more elongated, and its whorls much less cylindrical, its striz coarse and distant, and crowned with spino- tubercles. Figures 162, 162 a, two views of the shell. MELANIA ScITULA (Gould). Testa gracilis, elongato-conica, decollata, epidermide piceo induta: spira anfractibus superstitibus ad quinque valde convexis, supernts longitudi- naliter plicatis, infernis spiraliter liratis, pracipue juxta suturam et ad basim: apertura obovata, quadrantem teste haud e@quans, antice aliquanto producta ; fauce huida. Melania scitula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 224. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 46. Suet slender, elougated, covered with a very dark chestnut or pitch-coloured epidermis. Spire with about five well-rounded whorls, several others being lost from the apex. The upper whorls are longi- GASTEROPODA. 141 tudinally plaited, and all of them have fine, raised, revolving lines, most conspicuous near the suture, and about the base; the suture is deep, and in most cases there is a conspicuous slope of the whorls to- wards it, both above and below. The aperture is less than one-fourth the length of the shell, of an ovate form, rounded or very slightly pro- jecting in front. The lip is sharp, and the throat livid. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Found at the island of Upolu, Samoa Group. Couthouy. It has the form and size of M. abjecta, Hald., from Alabama ; also, of M. truncatula, Lam. It is more robust, paler, and the folds are more prominent and on more whorls than in M. plicata, Lea. Figures 158, 158 a, 158 3, three views of the shell. MELANIA SILicuLa (Gould). Testa parva, gracilis, sub-cylindrica, truncata, epidermide Susco-castaneo induta: spira anfractibus ad quatuor superstitibus, rotundatis, sptra- liter liratis, supernis longitudinaliter plicatis ; ultimo Jusco-zonato ; sutura bené impressa : apertura rotundato-ovata, antice vir producta ; Sauce subviolacea. Melania silicula, Gouty ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 224. June 1847. Expedition Shells, 46. A small, slender, nearly cylindrical species, covered with a some- what clouded, dark chestnut epidermis. There are about four entire whorls, several others being lost from the tip; they are well rounded, and marked with numerous, fine, revolving threads, and all but the two largest ones are longitudinally plaited. The aperture is small, rounded-ovate, scarcely produced in front, and about one-fourth the length of the shell. The throat has a pale violet tint. The last whorl has a dark, narrow band around it, just at the junction of the lip to it. Length half an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. 36 142 MOLLUSCA. Found at Nisqually, Oregon. Very much like M. scitula, but considerably smaller, more cylin- drical, the whorls more plaited, and with a band on the basal one. It resembles M. prozima, Say, which is less cylindrical and without folds. Figures 164, 164 a, two views of the shell. MELANIA BULBOSA (Gould). Testa parva, conico-oblonga, nitida, decollata, fusco-viridis: spira an- fractibus superstitibus duobus ad tribus rotundis ; suturad profunda : apertura ovato-rotundata, vix effusa. Melania bulbosa, Gouup; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 225. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 46. A small, smooth and shining, rather solid, oblong-ovate shell, of a dusky green colour, with remarkably rounded, full whorls, separated by a deep suture; only two or three whorls remain. ‘The aperture is not quite half the remaining length of the shell, broadly ovate, its wall scarcely depressed in front, and its posterior angle rounded by the very curved contour of the whorl; interior dull bluish-white. Length half an inch; breadth nearly as great. Inhabits Columbia River, Oregon. Drayton. The whorls are very cylindrical, with a deep suture, so as to appear like a succession of bulbs. It is much like MW. perfusca, Anthony ; but in that the whorls slope gently to the suture. A large but broken specimen shows that it often attains a considerable size. Figures 163, 163 a, two views of the shell. MELANIA PERPINGUIS (Hinps), Ann. Nat. Hist., xv. 9. Voyage of the Sulphur, 56, pl. 15, f. 2. GASTEROPODA. 143 AnimaL very much like M. sczpio, perhaps a little more orange, with similar concentric lineations of brown; tentacles dotted rather than annulated ; foot, in the young, nearly rose-red; fringes of the mantle long. Mr. Hinds has described a medium-sized specimen of this very va- riable species, so variable that some notice of the varieties is required. Its essential character is the grooves upon the surface, which are distant, irregular, deep, with abrupt walls, and these being crossed by pronounced lines of growth, give a minutely cancellated appearance. The grooves cover the whole, or more generally the lower portion, of the whorls. The colour is olive-green, sometimes banded with dusky, and sometimes with longitudinal flammules; sometimes with- out either. The whorls are gracefully rounded in most cases, but some have them perfectly flattened, and in consequence are angular around the last whorl. The suture is deep and broad, with an abrupt ridge at the top of each whorl. In the young stages, doubtless, several of the apicial whorls are always folded; but in some, well-marked folds are found on all the whorls except the largest. Some correspond accu- rately with Hinds’s figure in size and colour; but he does not dwell on its constant character,—the grooves. Some very old, and probably injured, specimens have a scabrous surface, with raised instead of grooved lines. One specimen is three-fourths of an inch broad. Inhabits the Feejee and Samoa Islands, and apparently is very abundant. Figure 160, shell with the animal, as in motion; 160 a, young spe- cimen ; 1604, oblique view of the aperture; 160c, young. MELANIA PLICIFERA (Lea), Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., vi. 93, pl. 23, f. 90. This shell seems to be subject to great variety, or else there are several allied species. The typical shell has the spire elongated, pointed, and the whorls flattened, with coarse, longitudinal folds. Others are surrounded by numerous raised lines, and are nearly destitute of folds. 144 MOLLUSCA. A variety from Lake George (Oregon) must be very corpulent. It is much decollated, and is light and thin. Whorls convex; aperture rounded-ovate; lip very flexuous, having a sinus posteriorly, and a very deep one at the point of the columella; colour pale olive-green. Even the little M. stliqua, may be only a starved specimen of the Nisqually variety. All have a varix half a volution from the mouth. Figure 165, specimen from Lake George, viewed by the aperture. Ceriruium (Poramts) sacratum (Gould). Testa rudis, elongata, badia et fascia luted cincta: spira turrita, anfrac- tibus ad decem convexis, viz angulatis, et liris obsoletis cinctis, supernis plicatis, ultimo globoso, abnormal, varice crasso munito ; suturd pro- funda, litea: apertura rotundata, antice effusa, haud emarginata ; labro everso, polito, piceo: operculum multispirale. Cerithium (Potamis) sacratum, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 118. Expedition Shells, 60. Suet rather thin, turreted, of a dark chestnut or umber colour, with a faint orange band around the middle of each whorl. Whorls ten or more, convex, somewhat angular, slightly plaited near the tip, everywhere roughened by the stages of growth, a few indistinct, raised lines surrounding them; sutural region deeply impressed, and of a pale yellow colour ; the last whorl is rather globular, disproportionately large, and having a very large varix, or rather false aperture to the left. Aperture moderately oblique, effuse at the base of the colu- mella, but not notched ; outer lip everted, advancing, simple, of a deep chestnut or pitch colour. Operculum circular, horny, multispiral. Length an inch and a half; breadth five-eighths of an inch. Inhabits Sacramento River, California. Allied to C. varicosum, Sowb. The surface, though not smooth, is destitute of longitudinal ribs, except near the tip: it has also a pale sutural region and a less marked canal. C. Hegenischii, Pfeiffer, is GASTEROPODA. 145 another shell of the same general character, but varies from this in the varices and sculpture. Figures 166, 166 a, two views of the shell. CERITHIUM SORDIDULUM (Gould ). Testa elongata, rubiginoso-albida, costellis numerosis et filis volventibus alternatim majoribus reticulata: spira turrita, acuminata, anfractibus undecim planulatis, ultimo varicoso, granuloso ; sutura profunda : apertura ampla, ovato-rotundata ; labro crenulato, extus incrassato, rufo-tincto ; rostro attenuato, valde recurvo ; fauce alba. Cerithium sordidulum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 119. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 61. Suetu slender, elongated, and acutely pointed; white, tinged with rusty. Whorls eleven, rather flat, having on each about six, alter- nately larger, revolving threads, and numerous (fifteen on the last whorl but one), delicate, sharp, equal, regularly disposed ribs, forming, where they intersect the larger revolving threads, brilliant granules ; on the last whorl, opposite the aperture, is a varix, and below this the ribs are wanting; the revolving threads become finely beaded, and around the canal simple. The suture is deep, and the whorl above it shelves somewhat over it. Canal elongated, and strongly recurved. Aperture large, rounded; the lip sharp and very finely crenulated ; externally fortified by a strong varix; callus of the columella erect, and the whole edge of the aperture delicately tipped with rufous. In- terior smooth and white. Length seven-tenths of an inch ; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Figures 170, 170 a, two views of the shell, enlarged ; 1706, natural size. Closely allied in size, form, sculpture, and aperture to C. muscarum, Say, but distinguished from all others by its delicately tinged peri- stome. In its general structure, especially in the development of the 37 146 MOLLUSCA. last whorl, this may be compared with C. columna, Sowb., but it differs entirely in sculpture; its beak is very much shorter, and it is very much smaller. CERITHIUM INVAGINATUM (Gould). Testa elongato-turrita, sordidé alba, ad apicem et interdum ad rostrum rufescens, filis tenuibus cincta: spira anfractibus decem ad duodecim angulato-convexis, superné tabulatis, inferné constrictis, nodoso-plicatis et concinné lamelloso-rugosis, ultimo carinato: apertura subquadrata, alba ; rostro gracilt, recurvato. Cerithium invaginatum, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.. in. 120. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 61. SHELL turreted, of a dead, dingy white colour, dusky brown at tip and usually at the beak, girded with several fine, unequal, raised threads; whorls ten to twelve, angularly convex, bearing about eight tubercular folds, shouldered posteriorly, and most delicately barred with lamellar wrinkles; anteriorly deeply girt in, and channeled at the suture; the basal whorl has also a keel-like ridge, revolving just behind the beak, giving the whorl a triangular outline. Aperture ren- dered somewhat quadrangular by the termination of the ridge; poste- rior canal quite closed in; columella moderately arcuated and slightly clothed with callus; canal long and delicate, recurved and inclined to the left. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. This is a very peculiar species, quite different from any hitherto described. The tuberose whorls, rendered unusually independent by the deep constriction at the suture, causing them to appear, when viewed from above, as if thrust into each other, and the very delicate wrinkling of their superior portion renders the diagnosis clear. Figures 169, 169 a, two views of the shell; 169, details of sculp- ture. GASTEROPODA. 147 CerirHiumM apuNcuM (Gould). Testa soda, distorta, acuminato-conica, leviuscula, filis tenuibus cincta, luteo-cinerea, fusco-tincta : spira acuminata, anfractibus novem planis, sutura viz discretis, ultimo gibboso, valdé deflecto: apertura angusta, callosa, in canalem adscendentem producta ; labro crasso, simplici ; Sauce livida. Cerithium aduncum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., it. 119. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 61. SHELL of medium size, solid, acutely conical, rounded at base, having a sort of flexure of the last whorl upon the others, so that the ventral face is rectilinear, while the dorsal aspect is strongly gibbous. The surface is nearly smooth and somewhat polished, having only delicate, crowded, raised, revolving threads; colour yellowish or ashy, tinted with dusky, somewhat arranged in dotted zones. Whorls nine, the upper ones nearly flat, scarcely distinguished by the suture, the last semi-globose, slightly undulated near the suture, and bearing a fold-like varix. Aperture small, with a prolonged, posterior canal and copious callus; siphonal notch small and contracted; outer lip thick, rounded, smooth, white, finely crenulated within ; fauces livid. Length one inch; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Mindanao, Philippine Islands. This smooth, solid, dusky species is plainly marked by its pecu- liarly distorted form, the last whorl being so flexed upon the others that its ventral outline is straight, while the dorsal outline is re- markably arched. It is allied in colour and size to C. ocellatum, Lam. Figures 167, 167 a, 167 6, three views of the shell. 148 MOLLUSCA. CERITHIUM IRRORATUM (Gould). Testa ovato-conica, transversim striolata, fusco-nigricans, punctis elon- gatis cinereis trrorata: spira conica, anfractibus septem planulatis, longitudinaliter undulatis, ultimo dimidiam teste superante ; sutura obsoleta: apertura rotundato-elliptica ; labro dechivt ; canal brevissimo; Sauce livida, albo-fasciata. Cerithium irroratum, GouLtp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 119. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 61. SHELL of medium size, rather solid, short ovate-conic, surrounded by numerous fine strie; colour dusky, sprinkled with numerous minute, elongated, whitish dots, arranged in the interstices of the strie. Spire short, conical, composed of seven or eight whorls, on which are about eight oblique undulations, and so continuous that the suture is barely perceptible: the last whorl is more than half the length of the shell, rounded at base. Aperture rounded oval, nearly destitute of a posterior canal, and with a mere basal notch in place of a rostrum; columella arcuated, whitish, with a pos- terior callus. Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth four-fifths of an inch. Generally resembling C. ocellatum, Lam., which has a median tuberculated angle on each whorl, and an excavated sutural region, while this has a regularly curved outline and folded surface. The pale spots are less numerous, and the proportions of the aperture are different. Figures 168, 168 a, two views of the shell. CERITHIUM CHLATUM (Couthouy). Testa subulato-turrita, dilute rufa: spira anfractibus ad tredecim via convexis, longitudinaliter crebré sulcatis, et liners duabus impressis cinctis, ultimo anfractu ad basim inornato; suturad impressa: aper- tura rotundata ; columella arcuata, rostro brevissimo. GASTEROPODA. 149 Cerithium celatum (Couthouy MS.), Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 123. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 62. ANIMAL small, yellowish flesh-colour, ochreous above, speckled with black dots; head short, mouth with a short, vertically com- pressed proboscis; tentacles subulate, a little compressed vertically ; eyes lateral, near the tips, without pedicles; locomotive disk elongated oval, truncate in front, the angles not dilated, with a longitudinal groove on the median line. Operculum oval, thin, semitransparent, yellow, unispiral, apex subterminal. SHELL subulate, or elongated-conical; colour purplish-brown ; whorls thirteen or fourteen, deeply impressed with broad, longitudinal sulci, with intervening folds of the same width, and decussated by two fine revolving lines, deeply indented as they cross the sulci, thus cutting each whorl into three bands of gemmules. On the base of the last whorl are only incremental lines. The suture is very deeply impressed, and has a delicate callus behind it, and the base is surrounded by two impressed strie, the marginal one strongest. Aperture nearly circular; columella strongly arcuated ; lip acute; canal short, inclining abruptly to the left and slightly ascen- dant. [3. P.c.] Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Obtained at Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego. Couthouy. This species belongs to the same group as C. turritella, which it resembles; but in its delicate form it still more strongly resembles C. sardoum, Cantr. Figure 174, shell, with the animal, as in motion, enlarged; 174 a, 174 6, front and basal view of the animal, enlarged; 174c, the shell, natural size; 174d, operculum, enlarged. CERITHIUM FILOsUM (Gould). Testa parva, elongato-turrita: spira anfractibus ad octo planulatis, 38 150 MOLLUSCA. sulcis et lirts alternantibus equalibus ad quatuor cinctis, coloribus cinereis et pallidé rufis partitis ; sutura impressa: apertura parva, semi-elliptica, antice emarginata ; columella viz arcuata ; labro acuto. Cerithium filosum, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 120. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 62. SHELL small, turritella-shaped, pale ash-coloured on the posterior, and pale brown on the anterior half of the whorls: these are about eight in number, flat, with a well-marked suture, each one of them sculptured with about four alternating ridges and grooves, of about equal width, the grooves regularly concave, the ridges sometimes subdivided by a very delicate groove; on the basal whorl are about ten grooves, growing gradually less conspicuous. Aperture small, less than one-fourth the length of the shell, semi-elliptical, with a mere basal emargination instead of a canal; lip thin and simple; columella slightly arcuated ; interior with ridges corresponding to the external grooves. Length five-eighths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. Only a single specimen of this turritella-like Cerithium has been examined. It is of the same type as C. celatum, and is well-charac- terized by its simple revolving lines and grooves, and its coloration. Figures 175, 175, two views of the shell, enlarged; 175 8, details of sculpture; 175, natural size. CErRITHIUM PUSILLUM (Gould). Testa minuta, fulva, turrita, varicosa, longitudinahter undata, undis ad decem, prope basim evanescentibus: spira acuminata, anfractibus octo convexis, filis tenuibus granulosis quatuor cinctis, anfractu ultimo multicincto: apertura lata, ovata, obliqua; rostro brevissimo ; labro varicoso ; columella arcuata. Cerithium pusillum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 120. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 62. GASTEROPODA. 151 SHELL minute, fawn-coloured or pale ferruginous, elongated, acutely turreted, having about ten undulations on the upper whorls, which end on the middle of the last whorl; on each whorl are four delicate, raised, beaded, revolving lines, and on the anterior part of the basal whorl several other finer threads, some of which are usually beaded. There are several well-marked varices, the outer lip being fortified with a large one. Whorls about eight, convex, somewhat overhang- ing each other. Aperture broad ovate, oblique; rostral canal very short; columella arched, with a delicate coat of callus thickened at the posterior angle; suture deep. Length one-fifth of an inch; breadth one-twelfth of an inch. Inhabits the Sandwich Islands. A little shell, about the size and with many of the characters of C. Emersonu. It also resembles C. ferrugineum, Say, but is much smaller. Figure 172, front view of the shell, enlarged; 1724, natural size; 172, details of sculpture. CERITHIUM EGENUM (Gould). Testa minuta, lanceolata, allida, ad basim maculis parvis fuscis notata: spira acuminata, anfractibus ad decem convexiusculis, filis ad quinque cinctis, quorum central et suturah majoribus, anfractu ultimo utrin- que varicoso: apertura rotundato-ovalis ; rostro brevissimo ; columella postice callosd. Cerithium egenum, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 120. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 62. SHELL minute, dingy white, with a few minute, dusky blotches about the base, elongated, turreted, acuminate at apex; surface dead, indefinitely sculptured with about five indistinct, unequal, sharp, revolving lines, of which the sutural and central ones are largest. Whorls about ten, scarcely convex; a well-marked varix on the left side of the basal whorl; whorls rendered a little angular by the large 152 MOLLUSCA. central thread. Aperture rounded oval, canal very short, callus scanty on the columella, with a boss posteriorly. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Obtained at Wilson’s Island. Couthouy. The characters of this little shell are somewhat negative, but on the whole it may be distinguished by its sharp, revolving lines having a tendency to granulation, without longitudinal folds ; the little blotches in the region of the rostrum seem to be constant. It is a little like C. lacteum, Kiener, but much smaller. Figure 171, front of the shell, enlarged; 171 a, natural size; 171 8, details of sculpture. CERITHIUM JANTHINUM (Gould). Testa parva, tenuts, ovato-lanceolata, violacescens sed labro, sutura et varicibus albis: spira acuminata, anfractibus ad decem trivaricosis filis tenuibus ad octo cinctis, quorum mediano majori et granoso ad anfractus apicales: apertura ovato-rotundata; rostro brevissimo ; columella vix callosa. Cerithium janthinum, Gout; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 121. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 62. SHELL small, rather thin, elongated, ovate-lanceolate, of a pale violet colour, with the lip, sutural zone, and varices white; tip acumi- nated and of a deeper colour; surface sculptured with fine, raised, revolving lines, of which there are about eight or nine on each whorl ; spire of about ten whorls, convex, those of the apex rendered angu- lated by the central thread being raised and somewhat nodular. There are three prominent varices on each whorl. Aperture rounded- ovate, canal very short; callus on the columella very sparing. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth three-twentieths of an inch. GASTEROPODA. 153 Found at the island of Clermont Tonnere. Couthouwy. If this be not the young of some other species, which I somewhat suspect, it is very well marked by its colour alone; the contrasting of the white and violet, and its numerous ribs being beautifully dis- played. It is larger than C. egenwm. Figure 173, front view of the shell, enlarged; 173 a, natural size; 173 b, details of sculpture. Genus PELEX.—Goutp. Testa parva, navicelloidea, tenuis ; vertice terminali, obliquo: apertura ampla, ovalis: cavositas septo angusto posticali horizontah partita ; septi margine ab latere sinistro disjuncto, et in processum gracilem contortum producto. This curious shell resembles a minute Navicella or Crepidula, for which it was for along time mistaken, until the peculiarity of the dia- phragm was noticed. ‘The detachment of its edge from the side of the shell forms a fissure or sinus, rounded at its base, directed towards the apex of the shell, and seems designed for the safe passage of some important organ. Nothing is known of the animal, except that it in- habits fresh water. Its affinities would seem to be with Navicella and Neritina, with which it is therefore associated. The new genus Gundlachia, of Dr. Pfeiffer, established upon a West India shell, has very similar characters; but the septum occupies a very much larger proportion of the shell, and the peculiar conformation at its left extre- mity does not exist or was overlooked. Our shell comes from New Zealand. PeLEX LATERALIS (Gould). Testa parva, crepiduloidea, tenuis, viz striata, oblique ovata, elevata , vertice sublaterali prominulo, acuto, incurvo ; epidermide olivaceo : apertura ovalis, intus olivacea ; peritremate postice expanso: septum album, concavum, ad trientem altitudinis situm ; margine acuto ; aculeo lateraliter compresso. 39 154 MOLLUSCA. SHELL small, thin, crepiduloid, obliquely ovate, elevated, the vertex acute, projecting a little beyond the outline of the shell, its point in- curved and resting on the shell a little obliquely at the left, but not quite attaining the margin of the aperture; surface feebly striated by a few irregular lines of growth, and covered by a dusky-olive epider- mis. Aperture oval, the margin posteriorly expanded ; within oliva- ceous; diaphragm white, concave, at about one-third the depth of the cavity; the free edge acute, and its terminal spur contorted, so as to present its broad surface laterally. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch ; height one-eighth of an inch. Found in fresh-water streams near Wangarara, and at the falls of Waitanga, New Zealand. For a long time this curious little shell was regarded as a miniature form of some Navicella, though it was somewhat unexpected that this genus should be found in New Zealand. A closer inspection revealed its distinctive characters. In form it closely resembles Szphonaria Lessoni, especially the small, oblique varieties. Figures 176, 176 a, 1766, three views of the shell, enlarged; 176, the septum with its spiculum and canal, enlarged; 176 d, the shell, natural size. Genus NAVICELLA. The Navicell# were observed to prefer quiet little pools formed by eddies, adhering to the stones at some distance below the surface. They are nearly sedentary, and appear to shift their position little oftener than the Patellw; while the Neritine delight in the rapid and turbulent portions of the stream, and occasionally emerge altogether from the water, for a considerable time. Very numerous specimens of this genus were collected, though it may be doubted if a single well-characterized new species was ob- tained. A careful study of series of specimens taken from the same pool, has tended to show how very variable the characters of these GASTEROPODA. 5 shells are, and of how little value the marks usually depended upon as specific really are. ‘The following are among some of the conclu- sions deduced. 1. That the general and the ornamental colours of the same species may vary indefinitely. The markings will sometimes be in flam- mules, in coarse or fine zigzag lines, in triangular blotches, &c. 2. The presence of a tongue (languette) to the columella is acci- dental and not of specific value, as among a number of specimens un- equivocally of the same species, some will possess it and others not. It is probably the result of advanced age. 3. The colouring about the septum, especially the presence of dark blotches, is accidental, and occurs in all species. 4. The width or area of the muscular impression varies very much in shells which, beyond all question, are the same, and therefore cannot be taken as a specific character. One of the species obtained is doubtless N. Suffreni, Recluz; and exhibits wide variations in size. Some of them have a gummy exte- rior, which causes them to seem granulated or wrinkled. The most important character of the species is, the very obliquely shelving posi- tion of the septum, and, generally, its very broad, muscular impres- sion. Another equally common species, which I should not hesitate to call N. Freycineti, Recluz, were it not that it is said to be a Macassar shell, has a very simple and uniform colouring, with a very narrow, nearly horizontal septum, of a pale yellow colour; the muscular impression is, generally, quite narrow. A third species, from Tahiti, may be different still. It is more tectiform, especially near the spire, dark coloured and shining. It may be N. Entrecasteauz, Recluz. Navice.La Freycineti (?), (Reciuz), Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 120. The antmat of the shell supposed to be the above species is small, ochreous above, with short, olivaceous, interrupted lines; beneath 156 MEO Le URSiCRAe lemon-yellow, or tinted bronze at the centre; head short and broad, lobed in front; tentacles very short, scarcely longer than the head, bluish; eye pedicles about one-third the length of the tentacles, large, yellow ; mantle dirty green. Figures 177, 177 a, lateral and basal view of the animal, with the shell. NAVICELLA PORCELLANA (Cuemnitz), N. elliptica, Lamarck, Dr- SHAYES, Rectuz, &c. Anima above slaty, with lilac tints, slightly lineated with dusky along the sides; foot grayish, with lilac reflections ; tentacles long and tapering, olivaceous. Figures 178, 1784, lateral and basal views of the animal, with the shell. NERITINA CHOLERICA. Testa obliqué semiglobulosa, solidula, leviter striata, castaneo-fusca, sub- tus interdum lineolis flecuosis nigris picta: spira viz exserta, ultimo anfractu recurrente fere tnvoluta: apertura oblique semicircularis, magna, postice canaliculata ; labro flavo ; labio planulato extrinsecus sanguineo tincto ; columella alba, valde sinuata, denticulata. Oper- culum tenue, lividum, sulco divisum, granulatum, ad apicem flavi- dum. Neritina cholerica, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 237. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 47. ANIMAL with a large cream-coloured foot, shaded olive beneath ; mantle dark olive ; head short and broad, above pale yellow, concentri- cally striated with coarse, interrupted, dark olive lines; tentacles very slender ; eye pedicles stout, long, whitish. SHELL rather large, semi-globose, a little oblique, with pretty dis- GASTEROPODA. 157 tinct lines of growth and traces of revolving lines covered by a thick epidermis, which, in old specimens, is a pitchy black, and in young, dark chestnut-coloured, when a few delicate, broken, flexuous, dusky lines may be seen on the ventral face. Spire eroded, scarcely promi- nent, mostly enveloped by the recurrent outer whorl. Aperture large, semicircular, a little oblique, slightly channeled posteriorly ; outer lip of a pale golden or honey-yellow colour, somewhat livid in the throat ; inner lip large, flat, tinged chlorine-green, and in old specimens, having a reddish-brown blotch at its outer anterior margin; colu- mellar edge white, deeply sinuate, with a large tooth at the upper third, and another near its Jower termination, forming three sinuses, the middle one distinctly denticulate. Operculum small and thin, almost horny, externally slate-coloured, white at the anterior tip, divided longitudinally by a furrow; internally marbled with whitish and slate-colour. Diameter three-fourths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Drayton. Allied to the dark varieties of M. cornea, but distinct by its involved and girded spire, like N. Bruguiert, and also, by its very sinuous and strongly-toothed pillar lip. It has a channel towards the spire much like NV. canalis, whose colour and marking of the ventral face it also resembles. Figures 187, 187 a, two views of the shell; 187 4, the operculum. NERITINA PoRCATA (Gould). Testa obliqua, sub-hemispherica, solidiuscula, fusco-rubricans, maculis parvis nigris interdum tessellata, longitudinaliter striata et rugis con- spicuts ordinatis sub-imbricatis porcata: spira viz tumida, anfractu ultimo penitus involuta ; apertura parva, lunata: labro callo auran- tiaco intus munito ; labio plano, lato, sanguineo ; columella arcuatd, denticulata. Neritina porcata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 237. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 47. 40 158 MOLLUSCA. Suetn nearly hemispherical, a little oblique, not very solid, of a dark rusty-brown colour, and often faintly chequered with small, dusky spots, arranged somewhat in quincunx. ‘The surface is sculp- tured with coarse, sharp, well-raised, longitudinal folds, having a ten- dency to overlay each other, and in addition to these may be seen the strie of growth. The spire produces a small, slightly raised tubercle, which is wholly enveloped in the last whorl; suture ragged. Aper- ture small, semicircular, the outer lip strengthened within by an orange-coloured callus; throat bluish; the inner lip presents a broad, flat surface, as large as the aperture, of a cinnabar-red ; the columellar edge is sharp, slightly arched, its whole length slightly denticulated. Diameter half an inch; axis seven-tenths of an inch. Probably from the Samoa Islands. Like N. Bruguiert and canalis, it has the spire wholly involved in the last whorl. The former has a somewhat elevated spire, a larger aperture, and a smooth and silky, instead of a ridged surface. The latter is distinct by the canal which winds along the suture. Figures 191, 191 a, two views of the shell. NERITINA CHRYSOCOLLA (Gould). Testa solida, oblique conico-globosa, coracina, lineis exthbus obliquis fla- vtdis flexuosis picta: spira elevata, erosa; anfractibus duobus vel tribus ventricosis, infra suturam aliquid constrictis : apertura oblique semi-elliptica ; labro ceruleo, viridi-limbato; labio convexo, luteo- virente ; columella sinuata, denticulatad: operculum osseum, salmona- ceum, costa bisectum. Neritina chrysocolla, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 237. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 48. SHELL obliquely conic globose, solid, smooth, greenish-black, painted with delicate, oblique, zigzag, yellow lines: spire elevated, eroded at tip, but displaying two or three convex whorls, the large one sometimes a little constricted near the suture. Aperture obliquely GASTEROPODA. 159 semi-oval, the outer lip edged with indigo-blue, and bright pea-green within ; the inner lip is convex, pale yellowish-green; the columellar edge deeply sinuated and minutely denticulated. The operculum pale salmon-coloured, thick and bony, having a strong rib, which is most prominent inside, bisecting it; convex edge brown; columellar edge gibbous. Axis three-fourths of an inch; diameter three-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Upolu, Samoa Islands. Of the same group as N. communis, lugubris, and Turtoni, but dis- tinct by its green, blue-edged outer lip, and yellowish-green pillar lip, as well as by its very delicate zigzag lines, scarcely seen except on the ventral face. Figures 188, 188 a, two views of the shell. NERITINA AM@NA ( Croudd ). Testa parva, ovato-triangularis, posticé constricta, strits incrementalibus ordinatis bené insculpta, coloribus nigris, rubris, flavidis plerumque Sasciatim dispositis, et maculis quadratis albis nigro-umbratis tessel- latim dispositis, picta: spira planulata, erosa, anfractibus duobus vel tribus: apertura rotundato-elliptica, flavo-viridis; labro angusto, plano ; columella valde arcuata, decem denticulata. Operculum virt- dulum, inornatum. Neritina amena, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 238. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 49. SHELL small, of a triangular-ovate, gibbous form, shining, deli- cately marked with large, regularly disposed lines of growth, beauti- fully ornamented with various colours; generally, the ground is of a more or less rose-red tint, often alternating with black bands, more or less distinct, and the whole is thickly spotted with small quadrangular white spots, which cast long, conical, black shadows toward the aper- ture. Spire not elevated, but even a little depressed, eroded, of two or three whorls; suture distinct. Aperture rather long, rounded-ovate, 160 MOLLUSCA. of a yellowish-green colour, narrowly edged with blue; columella somewhat prolonged at base; edge unusually arched and provided with about ten sharp denticulations ; labium narrow, flat. Operculum pale green, inner edge strongly sinuate, rugose, inflexed; terminal apophysis small, erect, cylindrical; inner apophysis minute, being the termination of a sharp rib, revolving from the apex. Axis three-sixteenths of an inch; diameter one-fourth of an inch. This might be regarded as the young of N. polta or N. Rumphit. It is striated like them, but it differs in the colour of its aperture, and in its opercle ; and the shadowed white spots are constant and peculiar. Figures 192, 192 a, two views of the shell. NERITINA SIDEREA (Gould). Testa parva, ovata-globosa, polita, nitida, nigra, punctis sparsis albis notata: spira prominula, erosa ; anfractibus duobus vel tribus ; sutura marginatd: apertura semicircularis, intus caerulescens ; labio plano, angusto, luteo ; columella acuta, viz denticulata. Operculum fuscum. Neritina siderea, GouLtD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 238. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 48. A small, polished, shining, jet black shell, irregularly sprinkled with minute white points. Its form is globular-ovate, with the spire consi- derably elevated, composed of two or three whorls eroded at tip, and with a marginal stricture just in front of the suture. The aperture is nearly semicircular, the inner lip rather small, plane or somewhat excavated, the columellar edge nearly straight, very sharp and very slightly denticulated, of a pale wax-yellow colour. ‘The outer lip is sharp, and the throat slate-coloured. The operculum is of a still darker slate-colour. Diameter one-fourth of an inch. Obtained at the east end of the island of Upolu, Samoa Islands. GASTEROPODA. 161 About the size of N. betica, but more globose and solid; the inner lip is less extended, and yellow instead of bluish, and it also has the white specks by which alone it may be recognised. In N. detica the opercle is flesh-coloured. Figures 190, 190 a, two views of the shell. NERITINA CANALIS (SowERBY), T'ankerville Catalogue; and Conch. Illustr., f. 22. Lamarck; An. sans Vert., viii. 584. AnimaL very dark purple above, mottled with a few small paler spots, a series of which extends along each side of the head; head broad, sinuate in front, beneath reddish-violet, lips flesh-coloured ; ten- tacles long and slender, annulated beneath with black; eye pedicles short, whitish ; mantle very dark violet; disk of the foot pale reddish. Figure 182, animal seen laterally, and 1824, from beneath. NERITINA GRANOSA (SowERBY), Conch. Illustr., 6. DEsHAYEs in Lamarck, An. sans Vert., vill. 583. ANIMAL large; disk of the foot cream-coloured ; head short, broader than the foot, crescentic, grass-green radiated and margined with white; lips paler; mantle very much developed, far surpassing the foot, scalloped at the edges, and transversely lineate with dusky, so as to appear somewhat convoluted ; tentacles long and slender, dark, with a pale line underneath ; eye pedicles very robust, pale beneath. Figure 179, the animal as seen from beneath. Neririna TalTENsis (SouLEYET), Voy. de la Bonite. ANIMAL as seen beneath, grayish-olive ; mantle dark purplish; head rose-red, yellowish at the lips; tentacles short, olivaceous; eye pedicles large, cylindrical ; mantle dark purplish. The shell to which this animal belongs is evidently the same as 41 162 MOLLUSCA. that represented by Souleyet. He gives only the upper view of the animal, and we have here the lower view. Figure 181, the animal seen from beneath. NeritinA Lamarck (Desuaves), in Lam. An. sans Vert., viii. 578. ReEvE; Conch. Syst., pl. 200, f. 17. Neritina auriculata, SowerBy; Conch. Illustr., f. 17. ANIMAL small compared with the shell; mantle greenish, mottled with dark bluish-green, and tessellated at the margin with a series of small spots; head small, cream-coloured, mottled with minute bluish- green spots, beneath sky-blue; lips cream-coloured ; tentacles slaty- blue, long and slender, not annulated ; eye pedicles of the same colour, pale at the eyes; mantle greenish, mottled with dark bluish-green. The shells of the two last species, the one from the Society Islands and the other from the Sandwich Islands, are scarcely to be distin- guished, while the animals inhabiting them are evidently quite diffe- rent. The only noticeable differences in the shells are, that the former is smaller, the auricles less developed, the form more convex, and the interior colour is nearly white, instead of the drab or pale olive of the Sandwich Island species. Figure 180, the foot of the animal. Neritina Nurraui (Recivz), Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv., 1840, p. 276. ANIMAL with the foot very small, pale olivaceous; head the same, broader than the foot, crescentic; lip yellow. Mantle with an undu- late margin, dark slaty-blue, with transverse yellow lines or furrows at the margin, giving it a-convoluted appearance. Tentacles very short, scarcely longer than the head, pale beneath; eye pedicles very short and stout. This appears to be the same shell as that figured in the Voyage de la GASTEROPODA. 163 Bonite, pl. 35, f. 43, though the animal is there given as plain blue- black above. NERITINA GAGATES (DEsHayEs), Encyc. Meth. Vers, iil. 624. La- maARcK; Anim. sans Vert., viii. 570. Sowrersy; Conch. IIL, f. 29. Animat lemon-coloured above, beautifully lineate, with four or five alternate lines of yellow and dusky ; foot large, slate-coloured, dotted at the margin; mantle slate-coloured; tentacles long, eye pedicles pale. Figure 183, shell, with the animal, as in motion. NERITINA UNDATA (DesnayeEs), in Lamarck, An. sans Vert., vill. 594. Clithon undatus, Lesson; Voy. de la Cogq., 11. pl. 13, f.13. Neritina spinosa, SowERBy ; Conch. IIl., f. 9. Animat large, yellowish-olive above, margined with a dark line and a submarginal fringe of short, crowded, black lines perpendicular to the margin; disk of the foot slaty-olive ; head paler, orange at the lips; tentacles long, dark-olive ; eye pedicles well developed, white. Figure 193, shell, with the animal, as in motion. NerItTiNa CorNEA (Lin.), N. ampullaria, Lesson ; Voy. de la Cogq., ii. pl. 16, f.1. NN. zebra, and N. dubia, Cuem., &c. Animat large, above mottled with green, black, yellow, and fawn- colour in broken lines; beneath cream-coloured; mouth green, lips flesh-coloured; mantle fawn-coloured ; tentacles long and stout, sea- green annulated with black ; eyes black, on short, broad pedicles. This very large specimen of a most variable species was found at the Feejee Islands. The lip is conspicuously toothed through nearly its whole length. The columellar region is very smooth and a little concave. The posterior angle of the aperture is deeply channeled, perhaps from erosion or distortion. 164 MOLLUSCA. Figure 184, shell with the animal, as in crawling; 1844, foot be- neath. NERITINA RUGINOSA, REcLUuz, in Revue Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1841, p. 310. ANIMAL pale gamboge-yellow above, with longitudinal, interrupted lines of verdigris-green; head with distinct transverse lines, and a marginal range of radiating ones; beneath lemon-yellow tinted greenish ; flesh-coloured about the mouth; tentacles dark above, yel- lowish beneath, finely annulated. The animal of young individuals, which seems to have been given as the typical form of the species, is of a lilac hue, quite different from the adult, and might be taken for a different species. The character given by M. Recluz, a short, narrow, transverse rib at the base of the last whorl, ‘‘a laquelle correspond un canal oblique situé a la base de ouverture dont la saillie rend celle-ci anguleuse,” is rather the exception than the rule, and applies only to quite young specimens. Another variety, his var. g. “mutica, ultimo basi non costato, apertura basi non canaliculata nec angulata,” is quite as com- mon as any other. In some specimens the flexuous folds do not com- mence till a late stage of growth, being merely parallel ridges; and there is every degree in this till the shell becomes truly granular. The aperture is usually of a leaden hue; but in some Feejee specimens the aperture, especially its outer margin, is yolk-yellow or greenish. The locality given on the authority of M. Janelle is obviously an error. It comes from the Samoa and the Feejee Islands, and was col- lected in great numbers. Figure 185, the young shell, with the animal as in motion; 1854, the locomotive disk; 186, head of the animal, and 1864, outline of the shell of an adult specimen. NERITINA CAFFRA, Gray, in Sowerby’s Conch. Il., £51. Desnayes in Lam. An. sans Vert., vill. 586. GASTEROPODA. 165 ANIMAL violaceous, foot beneath margined by a series of small, alternately dark and light spots; mantle bluish-black, mottled with short black lines. Head very short, regularly curved in front, mar- gined by a dark line; body above of the same colour, marbled with white and tessellated at the margin. Tentacles very long, annulated ; eye pedicles small, distinct. Opercle rusty-brown. Inhabits Tahiti, Society Islands. Figure 191, shell, with the animal as in motion. NERITINA HELVOLA (GouLD); Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 238, proves to be Nerzta Turtont, Recluz; Proc. Zool. Soc., 1843, p. 71. It inhabits the Feejee Islands, and seems to be abundant. NERITA Musiva (Gould). Testa modica, subsolida, transversa, ovoidea, ventricosa, fusco-cinerea, longitudinaliter crassé striata, sulcis volventibus ordinatis arata, liris interpositis planulatis, sub-granulosis, lineolis crebris albidis sectis : spira prominula ; anfractibus duobus vel tribus: apertura sub-circu- laris, caliciformis ; peristomate sub-continuo ; labro edentulo, albo, sulcis obliquis fuscis tenuiter arato,; labio concavo, fusco, granulis paucis notato, denticulis tribus instructo. Nerita musiva, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 238. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 49. SHELL small, rather solid, very oblique, almost transversely ovate, its dorsal face much elevated and rounded, of a generally gray colour, produced by a dirty black ground, tessellated by ash-coloured, minute, crowded lines, which cross the ribs, as well as by coarse lines of growth, giving a fine mosaic appearance; it has an ash-coloured band, occupying two ribs around the last whorl, and sometimes also undu- lating mottlings. Surface ploughed with spiral grooves, so as to form numerous flattened ribs. Spire two to three whorls, rather prominent, sub-cylindrical. Aperture large, lateral; nearly circular, the peri- treme nearly continuous; callus citron; right edge tessellated ; within 42 166 MOLLUSCA. finely grooved with somewhat oblique, long, smutty folds, edentulous; left lip concave, shining, bluish-black, with a few very fine granules at the middle; middle of the edge concave, and with three very minute teeth ; fauces bright yellow. Axis one-half of an inch; diameter five-eighths of an inch. This unusually-shaped Nerite looks like a Stomatella, with the whorls rounded in every direction, when viewed at the back. Its general form is somewhat like N. szgnata. It is remarkable for its nearly circular, cup-shaped aperture, its shining black, finely granu- lated concave pillar, and its gray, minutely mosaic surface, produced by the white lines crossing its ridges. Nerita crassa (Gould). Testa soldissima, sub-globosa, longitrorsum striata, spiraliter sulcato- costata (costis ad triginta rotundatis), fusco-cinerea, flammulis crebris angulatis obliquis variegata: spira prominula, ad apicem lutea ; an- fractibus quatuor rotundatis ; sutura impressa : apertura parva, semt- circularis ; labro crassissimo, anciso, crenulato, intus sulcato, posticé unidentato ; lahio angusto, octo-plicato, plicis anticis bisectis ; colu- mella bidentata, dente antico minimo. SHELL globose, very solid, of a reddish ashy tint, varied with inter- rupted black lines on the ribs, so arranged as to form numerous, ob- lique, zigzag, longitudinal stripes. Spire elevated, bright yellow at tip; whorls four, on the last of which are about thirty cord-like ribs, crossed by coarse lines of increment, making the tip a little granular. Aperture rather more than half a circle; lip very thick, cut square across and not sharpened to an edge, having about twelve sulci within, and a single large tooth posteriorly; inner lip nearly plane, rather nar- row, with about eight folds, the four anterior of which are bisected by a transverse groove ; teeth of the columella two, of which the anterior is smallest. Diameter one inch; axis three-fourths of an inch. I have some hesitation in designating this shell as a new species, GASTEROPODA. 167 for there is so little permanency to the characters of this group, that the limits of species are very uncertain. This is probably the most solid of all the Nerites. It is very much like what I suppose to be N. Guillouana, Recluz; but the spire is less elevated, without any shelv- ing of the lip, with twelve or fourteen sulci instead of sixteen to nine- teen, and has only one instead of two teeth at the posterior angle; the ribs are rounded and not flat. N. wndulata has an elevated spire, a protruding and undulating lip, fifteen to eighteen sulci, and two lip- teeth ; there are more rug on the transverse lip, which terminate in lance-shaped teeth ; the strie of growth are more delicate. Figures 195, 195 a, two views of the shell. Neriva piicata (Liv.), Syst. Nat.,779. Lamarck, An. sans Vert., vill. 609. The anrMat, as figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, pl. 65, figs. 27-80, is in general correct; but the hood is protruded in a curious manner ; the colour of the foot should be paler, and should show longi- tudinal, undulating ruge of a darker shade on the sides above. NERITA ALBICILLA (L1w.), Syst. Nat., 778; Lamarck, An. sans Vert., vill. 605 ; Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 65, f. 17, 18. The animat has the same abnormal hood as the preceding, as well as an unnatural advance of the foot; the sides are much more dis- tinetly lineated by dark, undulating lines; it is paler yellow, tinted with sky-blue and white. Figure 194, the animal seen from below; 194a, the animal as in motion. NeritTa unpata (Liv.), Syst. Nat., 779; Desuayes, in Lam. An. sans Vert., viii. 616. Antmat with the foot and head bright yellow above, with undula- ting concentric lineations of black ; tentacles short, slate-coloured ; foot 168 MOLLUSCA. beneath, cream-coloured, tinted bluish; head beneath, azure; mouth yellow. The shell represented is about half grown, and coloured for the most part black, mottled with ash-coloured blotches, as we find in the earlier stages of the majority of specimens. Figure 196, 196 a, two views of the animal, with the dark variety of the shell. TROCHID. No group of shells remains in a more unsatisfactory state of adjust- ment than that of the Trochide, including among others the genera Trochus, Turbo, Monodonta, Delphinula, and Littorina. Some have maintained that all these, and several more, should be held as well- characterized genera. Others, and especially M. Deshayes, after a more extended examination of the animals, and finding their organization to be essentially alike, would incorporate the first four at least, into one great genus, subdivided into sections. Swainson, Philippi, and Gray, have each proposed extensive subdivisions, all of which, how- ever, are founded on characters of the shell alone. Still, the relations of the several members of this group remain unadjusted ; and the diffi- culties, both as to generic and specific distinctions, seem to have been so numerous that no one has ventured to undertake the task. Concho- logists have therefore passed by this field with the hope of by and by returning to it better qualified, by the exploration of less doubtful groups, to cope with the difficulties; but other fields have proved so fruitful that no one has yet arrived at this. Deshayes indicates the trae method to be adopted, when he remarks that we must scrutinize as many of the animals of these shells as possible, and ascertain if there be not some zoological characters to circumseribe genera which cannot be limited by the shell alone. As a contribution to this end, all the figures of animals of this family, made during the Expedition, are here given; and the result to which we have arrived, from a comparison of these figures, and such others as we have had access to, is, that there are zoological characters im- portant enough, and constant enough, to justify generic subdivisions ; GASTEROPODA. 169 and to show also, that their dividing lines do not coincide with any of the artificial limits hitherto drawn from the shell alone. We are dis- posed to place more value on the structure of the operculum than M. Deshayes is inclined to. According to our observations, a modification of the operculum is found to be accompanied by a decided modification of the animal, much more certainly than a variation in the form of the shell is. The number or absence of the lateral cirrhi also, is a cha- racter to which we should give some weight, on the observed prin- ciple, that multiplication of parts performing the same office indicates inferiority of rank. As no summary of the characters of the animal of the Trochide has been given, we have made the following abstract of them, so far as they relate to external configuration. Anima short; locomotive disk truncate anteriorly, broadly rounded posteriorly ; head proboscidiform, without trunk; tentacles long, fili- form, annulate ; eye pedicles distinct, generally bearing a cartilaginous auricle at the inner base, beneath which the tentacle issues: a lateral veil passes backwards from the adhering muscle of the animal to the operculum, its margin undulated and more or less incised, and usually bearing cirrhi. As in this work we are restricted to the consideration of individuals, rather than at liberty to enter upon more general propositions, we have arranged our species under such generic names as are commonly received. TuRBO sETosUS (GMELIN), CHEMNITz, Conch., v. 181, f. 1795, 1796. Lamarck, An. sans Vert., ix. 191, &c. Antmat., Head prolonged into a broad, sub-trilobate muzzle, flat- tened out in front, and having a duplication at its inferior margin, con- tinued from the buccal fissure in a deep sinus terminating at the junc- ture of the foot and the body near the peduncle of the right eye; on the under side of this peduncle, at about one-third the distance from the base, is a small mammilliform tubercle. The foot is broadly oval with a profound sinus down the middle, so that the anterior margin is indented by it; on each side of this sinus are numerous large, transverse 43 170 MOLLUSCA. rug; colour bright ochreous, deep sea-green above, with radiating ramifications of darker green, lighter than elsewhere at the margin. Muzzle beneath sienna-brown, above mottled with yellow. Ocular pedicles with a whitish triangular appendage at their inner base, the margin incised so as to form five small lobes; they seem capable of moderate dilatation and contraction. ‘Tentacles long and slender, dark brown, annulated with faint blackish limes. From the base of the tentacles arises a lateral veil, extending nearly to the operele, bearing on each side a single filamentary appendage. ‘The branchie are very large, ensiform, double, their extremities projecting to the left beyond the mantle. Mantle projecting slightly beyond the shell, of a lhght umber colour. The lateral veil, or fringe, is clouded pale yellow and white, broadest anteriorly, having a fissure at its anterior third, and with its free edge finely incised. The motions of the animal are rapid, but it is very cautious, and often remains half a day with the tentacles slightly protruded, with- drawing on the slightest disturbance. Found abundantly at Clermont onnere.» [is4Psc:)] Figure 198, shell, with the animal, as in motion; 198 a, locomotive disk; 198 4, head and tentacles in outline; 198c, tentacle and leaflet, enlarged. Turso arcyrostomus (Lin.), Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1236. DEsHayEs, in Lam., An. sans Vert., ix. 188. Animat beneath ochreous; above clouded with saffron-yellow ; ten- tacles ferruginous; auricles of the eye pedicles diamond-shaped, very numerously and delicately crenulate ; head flabellate; lateral cirrhi two (?) on each side. Figure 199, the animal as in motion; 199 a, the head and tentacles in outline; 199 4, the eye with its leaflet, enlarged. Turbo SPARVERIUS (GMELIN), Lamarck, An. sans Vert., ix. 220. Cuemn., Conch., v. 204, pl. 181, f. 1798. GASTEROPODA. Na Animal having the locomotive disk dark ochreous, greenish along the middle; cervical veil and head paler; body above mottled with ochreous aud mahogany-brown; there is a transverse band across the base of the tentacles, and a sub-marginal one on the lip; the head is short and broad ; lateral cirrhi one on each side. Operculum greenish. Figure 200, the animal, as in motion. TURBO PETHOLATUS (Lin.), Syst. Nat., 12 ed. 1233; Lamarck, An. sans Vert., 1x. 192. AnIMAL with the locomotive disk short, escutcheon-shaped, dark ochreous; above burnt-sienna colour, somewhat reticulate; cervical veil the same above and below; tentacles remarkably long; eye pedi- cles auriculate ; a single cirrhus on each side. Figure 201, shell, with the animal, as in motion; 201 a, the locomo- tive disk. TrRocuus NIGER (GRay), in Wood’s Index, Suppl. (1828); Zoology of Beechey’s Voy., pl. 36, f. 1. Anima much like that of T. ater. Body black, dotted with brown; tentacles long and slender, slate-coloured, annulated with black; mantle slightly notched at the margin, to correspond with the grooves of the shell. Foot broad, oblong, cream-coloured, with a faint anterior mar- ginal fissure; lateral fringe very narrow, bearing four filaments on each side. Operculum calcareous, convex and granular externally, plane and covered by a horny epidermis on its adhering surface. Found both at Valparaiso and Callao. [1. p. c.] Figure 212, shell, with the animal, as in motion; 212 a, locomotive disk. TurRBo CoNFRAGOSUS (Gould). Testa solida, albida, pyramidata, rudis, rugosa ; rugis parvis, obtusis, 172 1.7 Op Oy Oy Ot SIX OW ad peripheriam et ad angulum anfractuum interdum in spinis com- pressis prominulis productis: spira anfractibus ad sex, angulatis, su- perné declivibus, ultimo ad peripheriam acuto ; sutura callosa: basis planulata, liris squamosts concentricis inequalibus ad octo cincta : apertura circularis ; labro acuto, perobliquo: columella curta anticé dentata ; fauce margaritaced. Turbo confragosus, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 111. 89. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 54. Anima colourless. Head broad, mouth inferior, tentacles long and subulate, eyes on short basal pedicles; foot oblong oval, centrally fur- rowed ; winglike appendages of the mantle anteriorly, from the edge of which, midway, arise two short, approximate cirrhi each side; a spot at the inner base of each tentacle, and a submarginal band sur- rounding the head and foot composed of short, blue-black lines; ten- tacles annulated with the same. Suet low conical, somewhat turreted, solid, pale cinereous, surface rugose, the wrinkles small, rounded, uregular, oblique, slightly squa- mous here and there; whorls about six, somewhat shouldered above, declivous at the upper part, and having two angles towards the base, on which about every third rib is prolonged into a folded spine, quite small on the upper ridge, but distinct on the lower one, which consti- tutes the periphery of the base, and thus becomes stellate ; suture cal-. lous; base plane, encircled with about eight distinct, approximate, squamose ridges, generally alternately Jarger and smaller; aperture circular, lip sharp, very oblique ; columella short, rounded, at the base of which is a distinct white tooth, lying obliquely across it; interior silvery. Diameter an inch and an eighth; axis seven-eighths of an inch. Found at Dean’s Island, Paumotu Group. Couthouy. This species has the low conical form and bony aspect of the stel- late species found in the West Indies. I know of no other similar one from the Pacific. Its wrinkled surface, polygonal whorls, and the squamous basal ridges, mark it. GASTEROPODA. 173 Figure 202, animal, with the shell, as in motion; 202 a, disk of the foot ; 202 4, front view of the shell. Turso sirius (Gould). Testa parva, wmperforata, pyramidata, dilute beryllina, leviter corru- gua: spira anfractibus quatuor conicis, infra oblique plicatis, ad pertpheriam acutis et spinis compressis ad octodecim armatis: basis - planulata, stellaris, iris concentricts muricatis ad quinque insculptis ; regione columellari arcuata, levigata ; labro perobliquo. Turbo sirius, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 90. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 55. SHELL small, low pyramidal, of a pale emerald-green colour when cleansed, of about four conical whorls, acutely compressed at their bases, having about ten oblique ridges on the lower half of the whorl, each of which is produced into a delicate, triangular tooth beyond the periphery ; and these dentations, with an intervening one of equal size, making in all about eighteen teeth, give the base a serrated outline, extending up all the whorls ; the surface is moreover faintly corrugated by still more oblique folds; base nearly flat, imperforate (the columellar region smooth, rounded, arcuate), having about five delicate and dis- tantly muricated, unequal rib-strie ; aperture circular ; lip horizontal at base, forming a very acute angle with the ascending portion, which is very oblique. Opercle stony, smooth internally, covered with a gamboge epider- mis; sutural region raised ; outer surface finely crenulate at margin ; surface of boss slightly indented. Diameter half an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits New Holland. The multitude and regularity of the triangular projections of the periphery, when viewed from below, give the base a beautiful star- like form, much like T" stedlaris. 44 174 MOLLUSCA. Figure 203, profile view of the shell; 203 a, base of the shell ; 203 4, sculpture of the shell, magnified ; 203 c, 203d, two sides of the oper- culum. TuRBO LACINIATUS (Gould). Testa rudis, depresso-conica, cinerea roseo-tincta: spira anfractibus quatuor, trregulariter plicatis, plicis ad peripheriam acutissimis, dilatatis et in spinis elongatis compressis excurrentibus: basis con- veriuscula, liris muricatis concentricis decem ad duodecim insculpta : apertura circularis ; columella levi, arcuata, rosea; labio perobliquo: faux margaritacea. Turbo laciniatus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i1i. 90. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 55. SHELL small, rude, low conical, cinereous, tinged with rose-red, es- pecially beneath; whorls about four, conical, irregularly undulated with small, unequal folds, the lower edge sharp and lJaciniated with a range of long, unequal, folded, compressed spines, connate at their bases; base somewhat convex, imperforate, marked with ten or twelve concentric ranges of sharply muricated strie; aperture circular, lip very oblique; columella smooth, arcuate, rose-coloured ; interior nacreous. Opercle stony, inner surface convoluted, flat, covered with a chest- nut epidermis; central boss kidney-shaped, roseate above, paler and somewhat convoluted below, minutely indented; margin excavated. Diameter three-fourths of an inch; axis three-fifths of an inch. Obtained at Manila. This species is closely allied to 7. rhodostoma, but wants the double series of spines at the periphery. Figure 204, profile view of the shell; 204 a, base of the shell ; 204 4, details of sculpture, enlarged ; 204 c, the operculum. GASTEROPODA. 175 TROCHUS BICRENATUS (Gould). Testa pyramidata, flavescens, fiammulis rufis alternis saturatioribus ornata, lineis equalibus granulosis cincta: spira anfractibus septem ad octo, pené concavis, ad pertpheriam acutis et denticulis roseo-crenu- latis ad quindecim munitis: basis planulata; vortice umbilicali eburnea: apertura trapezotdea ; columella contorta. Trochus bicrenatus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 106. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 57. Suett low pyramidal, acute at apex; base and height nearly the same ; base flat, pale yellowish, marked with delicate, equal, and equi- distant, beaded and revolving lines; umbilical pit, like a vortex, of a smooth, ivory-white polish ; whorls seven or eight, slightly excavated ; basal edge acute, and furnished with about fifteen scallops; above this are three lines of beaded granules, arranged also in oblique lines, which extend in the form of slight folds to the edge of the periphery, producing by their extension three or four crenulations of a rose-tint, between each of the scallops; so that the periphery, when viewed be- low, appears doubly crenulated ; columella sharp, contorted ; aperture trapezoidal ; colour flamed alternately darker and paler brown. Diameter seven-eighths of an inch; axis three-fifths of an inch. From Mr. Hawkins’s collection. The species most resembling it are T. fimbriatus, Lam, and T. Buschii, Phil.; but from these and all others it is well distinguished by its doubly crenate margin, as viewed from below. The profile outline is a little concave. It would belong to the section Polyodonta, of the genus. Figure 221, profile of the shell ; 221 a, base of the shell ; 221, 221 c, details of the sculpture of the side and base, enlarged. TRocuus GRADATUS (Gould). Testa parva, solida, perforata, ovato-conica, turrita, cinerea Serrugineo- flammulata: spira anfractibus quinque declivibus, ultimo carinis 176 MOLLUSCA. duabus biangulato quorum suprema secundum spiram volvat ; inter- spatio trilineato et concinne clathrato: basis convexiuscula, liris granu- latis concentricis ad octo insculpta ; umbilico amplo, infundibuliformt : apertura circularts ; columella tenut, recta, antice dentifera. Trochus gradatus, GouLtp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 91. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 56. SHELL small, solid, ovate-conical, turreted, composed of five whorls, the larger of which is biangular, presenting a nearly horizontal por- tion next the suture, ornamented with five revolving, beaded lines, of which the one next the suture is largest, a vertical portion at the peri- phery, and a moderately convex base: the upper angle is marked by an elevated, rounded carina, which is continued around the middle of the upper whorls, to the apex : the lower angle is marked by a much less conspicuous carina; between the two is a central, revolving thread, with a much more delicate one on each side; the interspaces are minutely clathrate: the base is largely umbilicated; the adjacent portion bony-white, corrugated, and faintly subdivided by a revolving furrow, and circumscribed by a deep furrow, barred with lines of growth; between this and the periphery are seven or eight beaded lines, the outermost of which is largest: aperture circular; interior dull white; columella vertical, broad, and somewhat dentate at base, thin, and barely forming a septum at the umbilicus: colour cinereous, with about eight rusty-red, radiating flammules: tip yellow. Similar to 7. sulcatus, Wood, but has a more elevated spire, more varied colours, and a plain, rib-like carina at the angles, instead of spiny nodules; the columella also differs. In most respects it is like T. eximius, Reeve, which, however, is imperforate. Figure 210, profile of the shell; 210 a, base of the shell ; 210 d, 210 c, sculpture of the side and base, enlarged. Trocuus crrcumsutus (Gould ). Testa solida, elevata, accurate conica, imperforata: spira anfractibus novem subangulatis, superné declivibus, infra nodis obliquis et liris granosis cinctis: color cinerea, portionibus cavatis saturate olivaceis suturas simulantibus: basis planulata, sulcis fiiformibus concentricis GASTEROPODA. 177 ad duodecim insculpta; regione umbilical eburnea: apertura trans- versa, sub-rhombea ; columella brevi, acuta, contortd. Trochus circumsutus, GoutD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 106. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 57. SuELL solid, of medium size, elevated, regularly conical, flat at base, acute at apex, composed of nine or ten whorls, which are declivous below the suture, with the lower half vertical, and marked with slightly oblique, wave-like nodules. The whole surface is sculptured by raised, revolving lines, four on the vertical portion of the whorl, with a broad one next the suture, and two succeeding small ones. The ground colour of the shell is ashy-white, but all the depressed portions are dusky-olive, giving the surface the appearance of being regularly stitched with olive, the series at the suture being much the coarsest. Base cinereous, imperforate, flat; the umbilical region polished ; the remainder with about twelve regular, concentric, fine grooves. Aperture transverse, oval; columella short, sharp, con- torted. Diameter nine-tenths of an inch; axis the same. Inhabits Madagascar ? In form and sculpture this may be compared with the tip of T. pica. The peculiar coloration, representing courses of olive-coloured stitches, is characteristic. Figure 220, profile of the shell; 220a, base of the shell; 2204, sculpture of the base, enlarged. TRocuus Jucunbus (Gould). Testa parva, soda, conica, flammulis radiantibus invicem coccineis incarnatis et albis picta: spira anfractibus sex sub-angulatis, filis granulosis alternis minoribus cinctis: basis convexiuscula, imper forata, liris concentricis linearibus articulatim pictis insculpta ; regione um- bilicah indentata: apertura rhombotdea ; columella arcuata, levi ; labro simplict. 45 178 MOLLUSCA. Trochus jucundus, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 91. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 56. SHELL small, solid, low conical, composed of about six conical whorls, with a slight vertical portion at base; the whole girdled with fine, uniform, beaded lines, the alternate ones being generally smaller, sometimes even not beaded, and the two basal ones surrounding the vertical portion being larger: base a little convex, similarly sculptured with about twelve concentric lines, gradually diminishing from the centre to the circumference ; the umbilical region colourless, not per- forated, and with a groove-like impression beside the columella; aper- ture rhomboidal-orbiculate ; columella arcuate, smooth; lip simple: colours arranged in radiating flammules, alternately white, strawberry- red, and pale flesh-colour, gradually shaded into each other; on the base the dark or light red are distributed along the granules in a some- what articulate manner ; nacreous beneath. Axis three-eighths of an inch ; diameter two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand. A very beautiful shell, both in colour and sculpture, quite distinct from any described species. Figures 209, 209 a, side and base of the shell; 209 4, the sculpture. Trocuus ELIisus (Gould). Testa parva, elevato-conica, imperforata, cinerea: spira anfractibus sex dechivibus, sutura fossali valde profunda discretis, costulis transversis granosis tribus (quorum intermediant minore) cincta, interspatis clathratis: basis convexa, costulis clathratis insculpta: apertura sub- circularis ; columella granulata ; labro intus sulcato. Trochus elisus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 92. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 92. SHELL conical, solid, imperforate, cinereous: whorls six, flat, sepa- rated by a large and very deep channel, each of them encircled by three ribs, the central one less than half the size of the larger ones. GASTEROPODA. 179 and all of them beaded by the passage of a regular series of bars across them, which, as they cross the interstices of the ribs, leave deep pits, and crenulate the outer edges of the external ribs; the third rib on the basal whorl forms an angle; the base is convex, with six fine, equal ribs, barred in a similar manner. Aperture small, subcircular ; columella straight, denticulated with four or five minute, unequal folds; interior pearly, with a regular series of thin, delicate, revolving ribs. Axis half an inch; diameter three-eighths of an inch. Dredged at Singapore. Pickering. This beautiful little conical shell is distinct from any described species. Its markings are deeply sculptured, and its peculiar sutural region is a character which cannot fail to be noticed at first glance. As it was obtained by the dredge, it is quite probable that it may be coloured differently when in the fresh state. Figure 216, the profile; and 216a, the base of the shell; 2164, 216 c, details of the sculpture. TRrocuus actnosus (Gould). Testa solida, convexo-conica, eruginosa, seriebus quaternis papillarum insignis et ineolis capillacets volventibus ubique insculpta ; serie antica maori: spira anfractibus sex planiusculis. ultimo acutangulato : basis excavata, cinerea, filis concentricis fuscis cincta; interspatiis inden- tatis ; regione umbilicalt infundibultformi et costis duabus tri-partita: apertura rhombea; columella levi, contorta; labro simplici, perob- lquo. Trochus acinosus, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 92. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 57. SHELL rather small, solid, conical, with the outline of the profile a little convex; the base flat, concave, with a more distinct, central, tunnel-shaped pit, the walls of which are subdivided by two revolv- ing white ribs: whorls about six, nearly flat, each one having at the 180 MOLLUSCA. base a series of larger bead-like papille, and above these three series of smaller beads; the space between the lowest of these and the basal series being widest, and somewhat excavated; all the intermediate spaces are marked by numerous, very minute, revolving, raised lines, which, on inspection with a magnifier, are also found to be minutely barred with the lines of growth; periphery of the last whorl acutely angular: colour, before cleaning, a very dusky green ; when touched by acid, bright emerald-green: base pale, cinereous, marked with dusky, raised, revolving, thread-like lines, which are largest near the umbilical pit, and have the interspaces finely indented; aperture rhomboidal, the outer lip very oblique, without internal strie; colu- mella contorted at base, forming an obtuse tooth ; smooth and rounded elsewhere. Diameter four-fifths of an inch; axis five-eighths of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand. There are several species which have the same kind of umbilical vortex, the same general form, and the same general sculpture. The peculiarity of this species is the arrangement of the granules above the fine secondary sculpture in which they are placed, the excavated base, with its thread-like, unbeaded lines, and the two white ribs in the umbilical pit. It may be compared with T. vernus, Chem. Figure 217, profile of the shell; 217 a, base of the shell; 217 0, and 217 c, details of the sculpture of the side and base, enlarged. TROCHUS PRUNINUS (Gould). Testa solidula, elevata, ovato-conica, levis, nitida, prunina, linets capil- laceis albis numerosis cincta: sptra anfractibus septem convexiusculis, ultimo subangulato ; sutura profunda: apertura subcircularis ; colu- mella rotundata, alba, anticé roseo-tincta, subsinuosd: interior mar- garitacea, vivide wridescens. Trochus pruninus, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 111. 90. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 55. GASTEROPODA. 18] SHELL ovate-conic, imperforate, rather solid, smooth, shining, pale plum-colour, paler at tip, girdled with numerous, crowded, regularly spaced, white hair-lines; nacreous under the surface; whorls seven, slightly convex, the basal one somewhat angular; suture deep; aper- ture nearly circular, slightly produced outwardly ; columella smooth, rounded, white, with a rosy tint at base, very slightly sinuous: interior pearly, highly iridescent. Inhabits the Auckland Islands, Atlantic Ocean. This peculiarly coloured species has the form, thickness, and ap- pearance of the delicately lineated specimens of Littorina angulifera, like T’ capillaceus, Puiiprt, in Menke’s Zeitsch., 1848, 102. Figures 205, 205 a, two views of the shell. TROCHUS TEXTURATUS (Gould). Testa conica, imperforata, solida, cinerea viridi vel roseo-tincta, liris volventibus roseo-maculatis et laminis incrementi tenuibus clathrata : spira anfractibus septem, vix convexis, ultimo sub-angulato: apertura rotundata, anticé evoluta ; columella rotundata ; labro dechvi, acuto : interior margaritacea, iridescens. Trochus texturatus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 90. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 55. SHELL conical, imperforate, solid, girdled with about five obtuse ribs on the upper, and nine on the lower whorls; colour cinereous, tinted green or roseate, generally faintly tessellated with pale rose spots on the ribs; intercostal spaces half the breadth of the ribs: surface having the lines of growth faintly laminated, and crossed by fine, revolving lines; when somewhat worn, the prominence of the rib becomes smooth, and the cancellated sculpture appears only in the interspaces ; nacreous underneath, as appears by its roseate pearly tip. Whorls seven, scarcely convex, the basal one obtusely angular: aper- ture nearly circular, somewhat effuse at base: columella rounded, edged with green; outer lip bevelled within; interior pearly, faintly greenish, scarcely iridescent. Operculum thin, horny, multispiral. 46 182 MOLLUSCA. Axis one inch; diameter seven-tenths of an inch. May well be compared with the coarse, solid, sulcated variety of Lattorina angulifera. Figure 206, front view of the shell; 206 a@, base of the shell; 206 6, sculpture, enlarged. Trocuus aTER (Lesson), Voy. de la Coquille, Moll., pl. 16, f. 2. Puiviprr, Abbild. 1., 188, pl. 5, f. 6. AnimaL dusky-brown above: foot rounded oblong, with a median longitudinal furrow, slightly notched in front, bright ochre-colour. Head large and distinct, prolonged into a sort of muzzle, very dark brown above, ochreous beneath, around the mouth. ‘Tentacles very long and slender, slaty above, yellowish beneath, and finely annulated with black. Eye pedicles one-fourth the length of the tentacles, divided from them quite to the base; lateral veil, a narrow, undulating fringe, bearing on each side four equidistant cirrhi. Mantle light ochreous. Operculum thin, horny, light brown, fading to horn-colour when dried. It inhabits the crevices of rocks washed by the surf, at Valparaiso ; a smaller variety is found at Callao. It is very active in its movements. [Reb-aCell Figure 211, shell, with the animal, as in motion. Trocuus Araucanus (D’Orbigny), Amer. Merid., pl. 55, f. 5-8. Anima glossy black above, cream-coloured beneath: mantle ochre- ous: tentacles obscurely annulated with black: ocular pedicles large, and free one-third the distance to the base of the tentacles; lateral membrane furnished with four moderately long filaments on each side, the two anterior ones more widely separated than the others and longer. Foot remarkable for a slight posterior emargination, which frequently presents a bilobed appearance in crawling. When in motion the foot is often narrowed and protruded far in front of the shell, till it resembles the animal of Voluta. GASTEROPODA. 183 It was found in the greatest abundance under stones above low- water mark in the harbour of Valparaiso, and also at San Lorenzo, but smaller. Nearly all the shells found at the former locality were also found at the latter; but it is remarkable that those found at San Lorenzo were invariably much smaller than the Chilian specimens, though the climate is so much warmer. [. P. c.] Figure 213, shell, with the animal, as in motion. Trocuus Mastus (Jonas), in Menke’s Zeitsch. fiir Malak., 1844, 113. The variety of this species is so remarkable on account of its less elevated form, and its peculiar circle of sutural scales, that a figure of it is deemed advisable. In its more essential characters it accords with ty pe specimens. Figure 214, profile view of the shell. TRocHUS COLUBRINUS (Gould). Testa depressa, conico-globosa, imperforata, olivacea maculis subquad- ratis hepaticis tessellata, sulcis inequalibus minimé profundis cincta: sptra anfractibus quinque, planiusculis, ultimo ad peripheriam obtusé angulato: basis convexiuscula, regione centrali absque colorem: aper- tura semi-circularts ; columella acuta, anticé truncata et dentem men- tiente ; labro acuto, viridi ; fauce submargaritaced. Trochus (Monodonta) colubrinus, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 107. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 58. Anima. Foot broad, narrowed behind, faintly channeled along the middle beneath, aud coloured olive-green, with ramifications of deeper green; above dark green mottled with brown; head distinct, flattened, mottled with black ; tentacles very long and slender, pale-brown, with transverse black lines; eyes on long, detached pedicles: lateral mem- brane incised for only a short space on each side of the head, furnished on each side with three long annulated cirrhi. Neck rose-coloured. 184 MOLLUSCA. Mouth at the end of a short proboscis, armed with a pair of jaws, each formed of two subtriangular pieces; lingual ribbon broad, with longitudinal ranges of flat spinous processes on each side of the median jointed cartilage; the margin fleshy and involute. SHELL low conic-globose, rather thin, imperforate, obtusely angular at the periphery: whorls five, somewhat flattened, and grooved with shallow, unequal, rather broad revolving sulci, quite fine on the base ; suture impressed. Aperture obliquely semicircular; lip sharp, green at the edge, submargin opaque white; columella acute, with a slight gibbosity at the middle; base moderately convex and colourless ; general colour olivaceous, usually tessellated above and below by dark maroon-coloured, sub-quadrate spots ; fauces pearly, iridescent. Diameter seven-eighths of an inch; axis six-eighths of an inch. Obtained on the rocks west of Funchal, Madeira Island. [1. p. c.] This shell has the form and texture of T. wmbilicaris. It seems not to be an uncommon shell, and yet I find no description answering to the specimens I have seen. There are three distinct varieties. 1. The most common has the whorls convex, with faint revolving strie of a deep olive-green, with dusky-red maculations. Figure 223. 2. Whorls convex, shell more conical, quite smooth, uniform green, save on the base at the umbilical region, which has a delicate rose- tint. Figure 223 a. 3. Rather depressed, the whorls subcarinate, strongly striate, green, tessellated with red; foot of the animal colourless. Figure 223 6. TRocHUS TANTILLUS (Gould). Testa minuta, conico-discordea, flavido-cinerea, lineis radiantibus flexuo- sis fuscis picta: spira depressa, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque angulatis, ultimo ad peripheriam dilatato, acuto: basis convexiuscula, perforata, flavida, iris duabus concentricis proclivibus munita : aper- tura oblaquissima. Trochus tantillus, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 118. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 59. GASTEROPODA. 185 SHELL minute, thin, low pyramidal, almost discoidal, of a dark- yellowish ash-colour, minutely lineated with fine radiating, Zlgzag, dusky lines. Whorls four or five, the basal one having the periphery compressed to a thin, sharp edge, and having a well-marked inter- mediate angle between the edge and the suture, which angle is con- tinued upon the middle of the smaller whorls. Base slightly convex, perforated with a minute, tunnel-shaped umbilicus, and having upon it two concentric ridges, with deep grooves undermining them on their outer edge. Central area yellowish, with the ridges somewhat tessellated with dusky. Aperture very oblique, outline regularly arcuated throughout. Operculum horny, multispiral. Diameter one-eighth of an inch; axis one-twelfth of an inch. Inhabits the Sandwich Islands. I have met with no description of a species so small as this, and yet its characters are very prominent. Its form and concentric ridges give it the aspect of a conical operculum. Figures 215, 215 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 2154, natural size. Trocuus Licatus (Gould). Testa solida, ovato-conica, tmperforata, costulis rotundatis flavescentibus ubique cincta, intervallis incarnatis concinné clathratis, ad apicem violacea: spira anfractibus sex convexis: apertura circularis ; colu- mella recta rotundatd ; labro crenulato: regio umbilicals vix in- dentata. Trochus lhgatus, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 91. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 35. SHELL ovate-pyramidal, solid, imperforate, everywhere girded with rounded, pale-yellowish ribs, about six on the upper whorls, alterna- ting with excavated, deep flesh-coloured intervals of about equal width ; smooth on the ribs, with delicate lamine of growth in the interspaces ; tip violet; spire with six whorls convexly rounded, quite angular at 47 186 MOLLUSCA. the base in the smaller specimens: aperture circular; columella rounded, straight, a little excavated in the umbilical region: outer lip crenulated by the sulcations; ribs and sulcations very slight on the base. Axis three-fourths of an inch; diameter two-thirds of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. Lveut. Case. This shell resembles, in most respects, J. doliarius ; small speci- mens are like Margarita cinerea, Couth. Figures 207, and 207 a, front and base of the shell ; 207 4, details of the sculpture. Trocuus PuPiLius (Gould ). Testa parva, elevato-conica, marguritacea extrinsecus tncana, filis virido- Suscis ubique cincta, ad intervallos minutissimée clathrata: spira anfractibus sex convexis: basis planiuscula, fissura umbihcah per- forata: apertura circularis ; columella arcuata: faux fulgida, minu- lissime punctata. Trochus pupillus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 91. March 1850. Expedition Shells, 56. SHELL small, ovate-conic, rather solid, perforate, ash-coloured, with darker greenish on the ribs, sub-surface brilliant silvery ; surface with small, flattened, nearly equal and equidistant ribs, about five on the upper whorls separated by interspaces of the same width, and with fine, crowded, lamellar lines of growth, by which the interspaces are distinctly barred : spire of six convex whorls, the last obtusely angular, flattened at base, and with much finer and more crowded ribs and grooves. Aperture circular; columella somewhat arcuate, with a minute, groove-like umbilicus at its side; lip sharp; interior pale and opaque near the lip; minutely punctured, and with crimson irides- cence within. Length of axis three-tenths of an inch; diameter one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand. GASTEROPODA. 187 Somewhat similar to T. higatus, but much smaller, more delicate, more nacreous within, and partially umbilicated. It is still more like Margarita cinerea, but is more solid, and more delicately marked. Figure 208, the shell in profile; 208a@, base of the shell; 2083, details of the sculpture, enlarged. Trocuus ama@nus (Gould). Testa parvula, depressa, globoso-conica, levis, nitida, Susca, punctis lites ubique irrorata, et maculis piceis cum flavidis alternantibus ad suluram et ad peripheriam ornata: spira anfractibus quatuor ad quinque convexis, ad suturam constrictis : basis convexa, imperforata, concentricé striata: apertura sub-circularis ; regione columellari com- planata, alba; columella anticé dentifera ; labro acuto, striato ; fauce hvida, margaritaced. ‘Lrochus amenus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 107. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 58. SHELL quite small, depressed, globose-conic, smooth and shining above, with only delicate lines of growth above, and with very deli- cate concentric strie beneath; whorls four or five, convex, slightly constricted at suture, which is linear impressed ; colour chocolate, whole shell speckled with minute yellowish spots, with a series of quad- rate black dots, articulate with yellow, adjacent to the suture, gene- rally another series of smaller ones at the periphery, and sometimes still another at base; base imperforate; columellar region flattened, having a slight umbilical indentation, bony-white, having towards the base a transversely oblique, faint rib, which causes a slight tooth or gibbosity on the columella; edge of the outer lip bevelled ; within livid pearly, having numerous raised lines. Diameter three-tenths of an inch; axis one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. A pretty shell, allied to some of the Mediterranean species, like 7’ 188 MOLLUSCA. Lessoni. Its small size, minutely freckled surface, with the articu- lated bands of black and yellow, may mark it. Figures 218, 218 a, 2184, three views of the shell, enlarged ; 218 c, natural size. Trocuus spurcus (Gould). Testa parva, solida, globoso-conica, nitida, ubique stris volventibus exili- bus insculpta, oblique strigis angulatis stramineis et fuscis alternan- tibus variegata, prope suturam maculis quadratis quoque picta: spira anfractibus quatuor ad quinque ventricosis, ultimo subangulato ; sutura impressa: basis concavo-conica, imperforata vel arcte umlih- cata: apertura perobliqua, circularis ; columella arcuata ; labro acuto, stmplict ; fauce submargaritaced. Trochus spurcus, GouLpD; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 106. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 58. SHELL small, solid, globose-conic, everywhere sculptured with fine, shallow, revolving, alternate grooves and elevations; shining, of a dingy yellowish colour, delicately variegated with oblique, zigzag, dusky lines, the two colours in about equal proportions, a series of somewhat conspicuous quadrate, dusky and yellow spots just below the suture; whorls four or five, ventricose, suture deeply impressed, the last subangular at periphery; base moderately conical, imperfo- rate or minutely umbilicated ; “aperture very oblique, circular; colu- mella rounded, arcuate; lip sharp, smooth within, and sub-nacreous. Diameter three-eighths of an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits the Madeira Islands. Couthouy. Has most of the characters of 7. Fermonz, but is very much smaller ; it wants the peculiar channeled shoulder of the whorls, and the widely open umbilicus. Figures 219, 219a@, 2194, three views of the shell, enlarged; 219, natural size. GASTEROPODA. 189 Trocuus (Monoponra) aTropuRPuREuS (Gould). Testa parva, depressa, ovato-conica, atropurpurea, liris granulosis ubique cincta: spira anfractibus quinque ad sex, ultimo subangulato : basis convextuscula, laté perforata ; umbilico cavernoso, limine acuto, denticulato, prope columellam interrupto: apertura circularis ; colu- mella obliqua, acuta, antice dentata, emarginata ; labro albo et nigro articulato, intus sulcato ; fauce margaritaced. Trochus (Monodonta) atropurpureus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 111. 107. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 59. Anat elongated, angles of the foot dilated, behind pointed; disk of the foot cream-coloured ; head transversely oval; veil ochreous; cirrhi long, yellow; above striped with delicate, alternately slate- coloured and yellow lines; head transversely striped in the same manner ; eye-pedicles with finely lobed auricles. SHELL small, solid, depressed, ovate-conical, of a purplish-black colour: spire of five to six moderately convex whorls, separated by a deeply-impressed suture, and girt with uniform series of lines of ele- vated granules, of which there are six upon the smaller whorls, and about sixteen on the larger one, including the base: periphery of the last whorl very obtusely angular: base moderately convex, and largely perforated, the region surrounding the umbilicus white, and forming a sharp, denticulate margin to it, the tooth near the upper commissure of the aperture being mitch the largest where the circle of the umbilicus becomes incomplete, not attaining the columella, so that a part of the wall between the umbilicus and aperture is wanting: columella oblique, denticulate, a denticle above and below: aperture nearly circular, a little modified by the columella, at the base of which is an emargination: lip white, margined with articulated black and white spots; inner edge corrugate, striate: fauces pearly. Axis one-fifth of an inch; diameter three-tenths of an inch. Obtained at Pango-pango, island of Tutuilla, Samoa Group. Allied to T. pharaonis and T. canaliculata, in its habitus and um- 48 190 MOLLUSCA. bilicus, but more like T. coralinus in size and general characters. Its uniform colour and granulation, toothed margin of the umbilicus, with the conspicuous tooth above, are its characters. Figure 224, the shell seen from above, enlarged ; 224 a, shell, with the animal as in motion; 2240, locomotive disk; 224 c, sculpture, enlarged ; 224d, aperture and umbilical region, in outline. Trocuus (Monoponta) tnstrictus (Gould). Testa parva, elevata, ovato-conica, arcté perforata, allida et maculis di- luté rufis prope suturam picta: spira anfractibus quinque convexius- culis, sub-imbricatis, sutura profunda canalformi sejunctis, hris acutis ubique cinctis, interspatiis concinne clathratis : basis convexa : apertura oblique semicircularis ; columella acuta, obliqua, in dentem terminante ; labro incrassato, intus sulcato, juata columellam rugoso et emarginato. Trochus (Monodonta) instrictus, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 107. April 1849. Expedition Shells, 59. SHELL small, elevated, ovate-conic, solid, white, with a series of about ten rufous spots near the suture ; whorls five, forming a conical spire, ventricose, with delicate, highly elevated rib-strie, of which there are about five on the upper, and ten on the last whorl : the sur- face of the ribs is slightly tuberculous, and the last one overhangs the succeeding whorl, so as to prodifce a broad, deep channel at the suture : the interspaces have about the same width as the ribs, and are beauti- fully barred with close-set lamine: base convex, with a small, deep, scalariform umbilicus, sculptured like the spire: aperture obliquely semicircular ; lip crenulated by the ribs, conspicuously sulcate within : columella sharp, oblique, armed with a fully-developed sharp tooth at base, succeeded by a deep basal notch. Length of the axis three-eighths of an inch; diameter three-tenths of an inch. Obtained in the Pacific Ocean. GASTEROPODA. 191 A pretty species of the same type as M. canaliculatus, but smaller, more conical, and entirely different in colour. Figures 225, 225 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 225 4, details of the sculpture; 225c, natural size. Trocuus (MonoponTA) ROTELLINUS. Testa parva, solida, lenticularis, nitida, Jissura latebrosa perforata, di- lute incarnata, flammulis flexuosis saturatioribus, et seriebus duobus transversis macularum fuscarum variegata: spira anfractibus quin- que convexiusculis : apertura parva, subcircularis ; columella perob- liqua, arcuata, posticé ab anfractu sejuncta, anticé in dentem acutum terminante ; labro prope dentem quast emarginato. Trochus (Monodonta) rotellinus, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 108. April 1850. Expedition Shells, 59. SHELL small, solid, discoidal-lenticular, smooth, polished ; whorls six or less, forming a smooth, slightly convex disk above, with the suture very delicate; beneath nearly as convex, apparently imper- forate, but, on a close examination, a fissure-like perforation will be found, entering from the aperture in a very oblique manner: aperture small, nearly circular, with a mimic canal at the base: columella very oblique, crescentic, disjoined from the penultimate whorl, and ending abruptly below in a tooth, forming the margin of the basal notch: lip simple, pale flesh-coloured, with zigzag radiations of deeper colour, and also two series of small quadrate dots, one on each side of the periphery, the upper one continued up the spire and seen on the edge of the suture. Diameter three-eighths of an inch; axis one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits Mangsi Island, China Sea. Pickering. This curious little shell would at first be taken, by its form, lustre, and coloration, for a Rotella; while the notch of the aperture resem- bles Bucconum neriteum, but its umbilicus and columella place it with Monodonta. 192 MOLLUSCA. Figures 222, 222 a, 222), three views of the shell. Trocuus (BemBIcIUM) SQuaMIFrERUS ! (Koch). The animal of a shell, which seems to belong to the species above mentioned, is interesting as showing that the genus Bembicium, pro- posed by Philippi, is founded in zoological as well as testaceological characters. It has an elongated proboscis, transversely lineated, and a vertical mouth; the tentacles are long, annulated, with the eyes on their enlarged base ; there are no ocular auricles, and no lateral cirrhi. The shell seems to be destitute of the pearly structure of the ‘Trochide in general. Figure 227, the shell, with the animal as in motion; 227 a, the locomotive disk. Marearira Macetuanica (Gould). Testa depresso-conica, solida, imperforata, polita, rufa, interdum sordideé flavescens: spira anfractibus quinque ad sex convexis, ultimo ad peripheriam sub-angulato : basis tumida: apertura ampla, subcireu- laris ; columella rotundata, viz arcuata angulum basalem cum labro efformante: faux vivide iridescens. Animau pale ochreous; head prolonged into a sort of hood, the lappets of which curve outwardly upon the foot with the mouth between them: tentacles very long and slender, with large and bright eyes on a bulbous protuberance at the base: body with a lateral veil passing from behind the head to the operculum, bearing on each side four slender filaments, the second and third more remote from each other than the rest. Foot very long, narrow, attenuated backward, the anterior angles prolonged into a sort of tentacle on each side. [it Peace] SHELL small, low conical, smooth and shining, somewhat pearly ; whorls five or six, convex, obtusely angular at the periphery ; suture well marked: base convex, not centrally pitted : aperture nearly cir- cular; lip sharp, and at the base forming a decided angle with the GASTEROPODA. 193 columella, which is slightly oblique, narrow, and obtuse: interior vividly iridescent. There are two well-marked varieties, viz. : a. Thin, pearly, deep peach-blossom colour, the periphery deci- dedly angular, the fauces vividly iridescent, and the surface grooved with broad, shallow, transverse grooves. 6. Solid, pale dingy yellow, surface smooth, whorls appressed at the suture, periphery less angular, and with vestiges of an epidermis. Axis five-eighths of an inch; diameter two-fifths of an inch. Obtained at Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego. (Couthouy.) This is perhaps the little Trochus spoken of by Quoy and Gaimard, as seen at the Falkland Islands. Figure 228, shell, with the animal as in crawling; 2284, plantar view of the animal; 2284, front view of the shell; 228c, the oper- culum. Marearita persica (Gould). Testa parva, solida, depressa, ovato-conica, levigata, nitida, intensé purpureo-incarnata: spira anfractibus quinque convexiusculis, su- perné dechvibus, ad suturam confluentibus: basis convexa, medio indentata, pallida ; columella lata, excavata, acuta, arcuata: apertura circularis ; faux vivide tridescens. SHELL small, solid, low ovate-conic, polished, of a peach-blossom colour: whorls five, convex, the largest declivous, with the periphery somewhat angular, at the suture closely appressed to the preceding whorl: beneath convex, the central region depressed and paler, not perforated. Aperture circular ; columella sharp, broad, and excavated, continuous with the lip, so as to form no angle with it at the base. Diameter half an inch; axis three-tenths of an inch. From among Cape Horn shells. 49 194 MOLLUSCA. This species is remarkable for its broad, crescentic, and somewhat excavated columella, much as in the genus Lacuna. In this respect, and in the absence of an angle at the base of the axis, it differs chiefly from M. magellanica. Both of them have somewhat the aspect of Rotella. Figures 230, 230a, two views of the shell; 2304, outline of the aperture, enlarged. Marcarira conica (D’Orsieny), Voy. dans l’Amer. Merid. ANIMAL quite colourless, and remarkable for the great length of its tentacles and lateral filaments, of which there are four on each side. Eyes very large and black, situated near the base of the tentacles, without any perceptible pedicle or enlargement. Foot long and nar- row, obtuse posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, with no prolongation of the angles. Brought up on the cable at Scapenham Bay, Patagonia. [1. p. c.] Figure 229, the animal, with the shell, as in motion, magnified , 229 a, 229, enlarged view of the head, above and below; 229, natu- ral size. Lacuna carinaTA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, ovato-globosa, epidermide corneo undulatim tenut- striato induta: spira anfractibus quinque ventricosis, ultimo carina filosa cincto: apertura semicircularis, dimidiam teste adequans ; columella rotundata. Lacuna carinata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ui. 75. November 1848. Expedition Shells, 52. The ANIMAL is much as in Littorina, with two filaments on the foot behind the operculum. Its motions were tolerably active; it crawled in an inverted position at the surface of the water, and when driven down, it hung by a thread of mucus, by means of which it GASTEROPODA. 195 regained the surface, in the same manner as Rang’s genus Litiopa. [C. Pickering. | SHELL small, thin, ovate, covered with a ereenish straw-coloured epidermis, which, under the magnifier, is found to be marked with numerous, crowded, undulating, revolving stri#: whorls five, ventri- cose, the last one having a raised thread-like carina at the periphery : aperture half the length of the shell, semicircular: canal of the colu- mella semicylindrical, extending to the base : a delicate layer of callus on the penultimate whorl. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound; dredged at Classet. Pickering. Very much like the dark variety of L. vincta of the Atlantic shores in colour and marking, but it is less elongated. Our shell occasion- ally has the last whorl perceptibly angular, but never with the filiform carina. Figure 230, an elongated specimen; 2304, a short specimen, front view ; 230}, back view of the same. Liriopa pEcussata (Gould). Testa parvula, perfragilis, acuto-conica, badia: spira anfractibus octo convexis, transversim striatis, apicalibus plicatis: apertura ovata antice subtruncata ; labro simplci ; columella arcuata, antice uniden- tata. Intiopa decussata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 75. Noy. 1848. Expedition Shells, 52. Anrmat light brown ; head terminating in a proboscidiform muzzle ; tentacles two, long, slender, obtuse; eyes black, just behind the tentacles ; foot short, subquadrate, motions very lively. SHELL conical, elongated, thin and fragile, dark brown, covered with a thin epidermis, lines of increment distinct, and these are 196 MOLLUSCA. crossed by fine revolving striz, so as to give the surface a decussated appearance ; whorls eight, convex, slightly shouldered posteriorly, the last one half the length of the shell; suture well defined; aperture ovate, subtruncate at base; lip simple; columella arcuated and fur- nished at its lower portion with a broad, compressed, concave tooth ; umbilical pit large and distinct, bounded externally by a somewhat prominent ridge; interior of a lighter shade of brown. Length of axis three-fortieths of an inch; breadth one-fortieth. Found on a floating bamboo, lat. 37° 40’ N., long. 54° 30’ W. [aR Call Three other species of this genus have been noticed, namely, L. melanostoma, Rang, which has the lip black; L. maculata, Rang, which has two brown spots on each whorl; and L. striata, Pfeiffer, with which this agrees well, except that it is less than half the size. Figure 232, front view of the shell, magnified ; 232@, natural size. SoLaRtumM EGENUM (Gould). Testa parva, ovato-conica, exalbida, submargaritacea : spira anfractibus sex convexis, lirts acutis quatuor cinctis, posterioribus granulatis : basis convexiuscula, perforata; umlilico scalariformi, ad amlitum acuto, crenulato: apertura circularis ; labis feré continurs. Solarium egenum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 84. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 54. SHELL minute, low ovate-conic, thin, amply umbilicated, ashy- white, pearly beneath ; whorls six, convex, the last obtusely angular, each one encircled by four sharply-compressed, well-elevated ribs, the two uppermost of which are beaded ; interspaces concave, smooth ; base convex, smooth, with a single groove near the margin of the umbilicus; the latter occupies one-third of the base, is tunnel-shaped, penetrating to the apex, its sides excavated on each whorl, the verge of which is crenulated: aperture nearly circular, slightly encroached upon by an inflection of the columella; lip simple : interior pearly. ae GASTEROPODA. 197 Diameter three-tenths of an inch; altitude one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits New Zealand. The characters of this shell do not bring it strictly within the typical form of Solarium, but its facies is rather that of Solardwm than of Trochus. It is to be grouped with S. dealbatum, Hinds, which it closely resembles. It is also similar in form, colour, and size to Margarita obscura, Couthouy. Perhaps it would come under the genus Torinia, Gray. Figures 226, 226 a, the side and base of the shell, enlarged ; 226 8, details of the sculpture ; 226 c, natural size. Lirrorina PATULA (Gould). Testa magna, soda, rudis, rotundato-ovata, cinereo-olivacea allbido maculata: spira anfractibus quinque, ultimo magno, ventricoso ; sutura viz impressa: apertura ampla, rotunda; columella lata, ex- cavatd, alba; facie ventral teste quasi attrita, et macula fusca notata ; fuuce castanea, anticé albo-vittata. Inttorina patula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 83. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 52. SHELL rather large, solid, rude, broad-ovate, grayish-olive, irregu- larly mottled longitudinally with whitish, marked with unequal and irregular strie of growth, and a few delicate, broken, revolving lines: whorls five, the last one very large, ventricose; the others but little convex, forming a low, conical spire: suture faint, with something of a constriction in front of it, on the lower whorl. Aperture very large, the columella broad, white and excavated, and having the body of the whorl apparently abraded, so as to cause the mouth to seem circular, and presenting a dusky blotch at its upper portion ; aperture chestnut- coloured, with a pale band in front: opercle dark chestnut. Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth half an inch. 50 198 MOLLUSCA. Inhabits the rocks at the mouth of the harbour of San Francisco, California. Dr. Pickering. Remarkable for the amplitude of the aperture, the broad excavated columella, and the apparent grinding away of a portion of the adjacent whorl by the operculum, and perhaps really so, as it is the part where the opercle would lie when the animal was protruded. It may be L. planazis, Nuttall, no description of which has been published. Figures 237, 237 a, two views of the shell. Lirrorina CALIctInosa (Gould). Testa parva, ovata, tenuis, levis vel lineis incrementalibus striata, epidermide fusco-virente luteo-maculato induta: spira apice erosa, anfractibus quatuor ad quinque, ventricosis ; sutura profunda: aper- tura viz dimidiam longitudinis teste adequans, rotundato-ovata ; labro continuo, acuto, pallido, vix everso ; fauce hvida. _ Littorina caliginosa, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 83. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 53. SHELL small, thin, smooth, or with faint lines of growth, ovate, covered with a deep grass-green epidermis, variegated with minute, scale-like, irregular spots of ochreous yellow: spire eroded at tip, of about four or five very ventricose whorls; suture deeply impressed : aperture less than half the length of the shell, rounded ovate; lip continuous, sharp, a little everted, pale; base with a slight tendency to an umbilicus; throat dark livid. Length one-fifth of an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Inhabits Tierra del Fuego. Couthouy. This small shell has the general form and characters of L. tenebrosa, and its structure and colour give it somewhat the appearance of a fresh-water shell. I believe it was found adhering to floating kelp. A box of smaller specimens, marked ‘ N. Holland,’ seem to be so near GASTEROPODA. 199 in character, that I note them not asa distinct species. Perhaps there is an error in locality. They are variously coloured from pale yel- lowish-green to dark purple-brown. Figures 240, 240, two views of the shell, enlarged ; 240, natural size. LirroriNa LEPIDA (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, solida, biconica, nitida, livida vel sanguinea albido tessellata vel zonata presertim prope suturam et ad peripheriam, spira- liter crebré et tenuiter puncto-striata: spira acuto-conica, anfractibus quinque, ultimo angulato : apertura ovata ; labro acuto, pallido ; fauce rubra, albo-zonata ; columella planulata, sanguinea. Inttorina lepida, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 83. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 52. SHELL small, solid, ovate-conic, shining, dark slate-colour, generally sanguineous at base, finely tessellated or banded with white, with generally a more conspicuous articulated range of spots near the suture and at the angle of the last whorl: surface marked with very fine, sharp, and crowded revolving lines, which are somewhat punc- tate: spire of five flattened whorls, forming an acutely conical spire ; basal one angular at the periphery: aperture about half the length of the shell, ovate; columella flattened at the base, bright flesh-colour, and forming a basal angle: interior reddish, with an anterior white band ; edge of the lip sharp, generally pale. Length two-fifths of an inch ; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. Dr. Pickering. A small, biconical species like L, /ineata, characterized by its finely puncto-striate sculpture, its range of articulate spots, and by the blood- red colour of the columella. Figures 238, 238a, two views of a checked specimen, enlarged ; 238 6, dorsal view of the white variety, enlarged ; 238 c, natural size. 200 MOLLUSCA. Lirrorina scuTuLata (Gould). Testa parva, ovato-conica, plerumque erosa, castanea vel hvida albido enordinatim maculata, strus obsoletis cincta: spira anfractibus quin- que, ultimo ventricoso: apertura late ovata; labro acuto, pallido ; columella planata, antrorsum expansa ; fauce livida. Iuttorina scutulata, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. §3. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 53. SHELL small, ovate-conic, inelegant, usually eroded and dead at the surface, of a chestnut or dusky leaden hue, sparsely and obscurely tessellated with whitish; with a few obsolete revolving striae: whorls five, convex, the last ventricose, rarely with the vestige of an angle: aperture not quite half the length of shell, broad-ovate ; lip sharp and pale: columella flattened at base, which is somewhat expanded : inte- rior livid. Length of the axis three-fifths of an inch; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. Pickering. Allied to L. tenebrosa, but has a more elongate and acute spire ; also to L. lepida, but is more inelegant, and without the colouring of the base and aperture of that shell. Figures 241, 241 a, two views of the shell. Lirrorina acuminata (Gould). Testa parva, solida, nitida, elongata, conico-turrita, livida obscuré Jlam- mulata interdum maculis albidis articulatis cincta: spira acuta, an- Sfractibus sex, planulatis, ultimo subangulato; sutura profunda: aper- tura ovata; columella nitida, mori-tincta. Littorina acuminata, Goud ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 84. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 53. GASTEROPODA. 201 SHELL small, solid, symmetrical, elongated, ovate-conical, surface glossy, lines of growth very delicate, and with regular and regularly spaced, obtuse, revolving grooves and ridges: colour livid, paler above near the sutures, with faint, obliquely longitudinal flammules of darker, and sometimes a sutural and carinal range of pale spots: whorls six, forming an elongated, conical spire, slightly convex, the last one subangulate; suture deep: base low conical, more deeply striate: aperture oval, rounded at base; columella glossy, stained deep mulberry-colour. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits Mangsi Island, Sooloo Sea. A small, much elongated species, in the style of L. lineata, known by its regular grooving, and its mulberry-tinted columella. Figure 239, front view of a large specimen, magnified; 239 a, dorsal view of a small specimen, enlarged ; 239 4, natural size. Lirrorina PLENA (Gould). Testa parva, solida, ovata, cinereo-olivacea, interdum albido reticulata, strtis spiralibus insculpta: spira parva, acuta, anfractibus quinque, ultimo globoso, subangulato; suturd profunda: apertura parva, dila- tata et angulata; columella planulata, rufa, allido marginata ; fauce castanea, albo-zonata. Littorina plena, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., mi. 84. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 53. SHELL small, solid, ovate, ashy-olive, sometimes faintly reticulated with paler: spire conical, acute; whorls five, the last globose and out of proportion to the others, sub-angular at its lower third; suture deep; surface generally marked with delicate, revolving lines; aper- ture rather small, sub-circular; lip produced at the base forming an angle; columella flattened at the base, reddish-brown, edged with pale: interior dusky-brown, with an anterior pale band. 51 202 MOLLUSCA. Length of axis one-fourth of an inch; diameter one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Bay of San Francisco, California. Somewhat the same exterior as L. acuminata, but las not the elon- gated, conical form: the globoseness of the last whorl is remarkable; it is more polished, smaller, and with a smaller aperture than L. scutulata. Figure 236, 236 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 236 d, natural size. LirrorINA OBESA (SowERBY), Genera of Shells, f. 6. ANIMAL with the foot thick and fleshy, pale ochreous beneath, and mottled with brown on the sides. Head prolonged, flesh-coloured about the mouth; tentacles long and slender, ochreous, with annul of dusky-brown; eyes on an enlargement at the external base. Oper- culum of a clear, ruddy horn-colour. Motions very active. Numerous specimens were found on the shores of the lagoon at Clermont Tonnerre; also at Honden Island, King’s Island, Ra- taka, &c. [J. P. c.] Figure 235, the animal, with the shell, as in motion; 235 a, locomo- tive disk of the animal. LirrorINA PYRAMIDALIS (Quoy and Gaimarp), Voy. de 1]’Astrol., Atlas, pl. 33, f. 12-15. The figure of the animal given by Quoy and Gaimard, is very in accurate. The sides are yellowish, with a median, longitudinal, orange stripe; the head and tentacles are slate-coloured ; mantle pale orange beneath ; disk cream-coloured, shaded greenish. Figures 234, and 234 a, two views of the animal, with the shell. GASTEROPODA. 203 LirTorRIna GRANDINOSA (DeEsHayeEs), Trochus grandinosus, CHEM., Conch., pl. 169, f. 1639; Trochus bullatus, Martyns, Univ. Conch., pl. 38; Monodonta papillosa, Lamarck, An. sans Vert., ix. 172. General colour of the animal gamboge-yellow, shaded with orange ; proboscis russet above ; disk of the foot pale cream-coloured : tentacles yellow, very faintly annulate. Figures 233, 233 a, two views of the animal, with the shell. Litrorina Peruviana (Gray), Beechey’s Voyage, pl. 36, f. 8; Turbo zebra, Woon, Sup., pl. 36, f. 8; Phasianella Peruviana, La- MaRCcK, An. sans Vert., ix. 172. Animau with the disk of the foot lemon-coloured, margined with dusky dots; sides, head and tentacles chocolate-coloured, with six or seven bluish-white blotches on each side; mouth brown; tentacles stout, subulate; the eyes on an enlargement one-third the distance from their base; a white line runs along the under side and encircles the eyes. Found plentifully both at Valparaiso and Callao, those at the latter place being smaller, and sometimes entirely black. The colouring of the animal, according to the above observation, is entirely different from that given by D’Orbigny, Amer. Merid., pl. 53, figs. 5-8. In his figure of L. Araucana, also, the eyes are represented as sessile at the internal base of the tentacles, a position entirely in- compatible with the character of the genus. PLANAXIS LINEOLATUS (Gould). Testa minuta, solida, acuto-conica, ex albido fuscescens, lineis castanets numerosis cincta: spira acuta, anfractibus sex ad octo planulatis, supernis granulatis, ultimo trientes duos teste longitudinis equante, ad pertpheriam sub-angulato: basis spirahter striata: apertura rotun- dato-ovata, postice haud callifera; labro palhdo, vel fusco tessellato, intus denticulato ; fauce fusca. 204 MOLLUSCA. Planazis lineolatus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 118. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 60. SHELL minute, solid, acute-conical, drab or chestnut coloured, sur- rounded with numerous, delicate, dark chestnut bands: spire with six or eight whorls, flat, those of the apex somewhat granulated ; the last one two-thirds the length of shell, somewhat angular at periphery, with a few coarse, revolving strie at base. Aperture less than half the length of shell, broad-ovate, without callus posteriorly ; siphonal notch nearly closed, edged black; edge of the lip pale or tessellated with chestnut: throat dusky : inner edge denticulate. Length one-fourth of an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Inhabits Wilson’s Islands, Paumotu Group. This little shell is not unfrequent in cabinets, but I find no descrip- tion of it. Figures 251, 251 a, two views of the shell, magnified ; 251 4, natural s1ze. MELAMPUS MUCRONATUS (Gould). Testa parva, ovoidea, glabra, anticé attenuata, basi acuta dilute flavo- livescens, anticé subtilissimé undulato-striata : spira conica, mucronata, anfractibus octo planulatis, ultimo supernée angulato: apertura linearis labro intus incrassato, octo-dentato ; labro tri- vel quadri-dentato. Melampus mucronatus, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., lili. 1849. SHELL small, of an elongated, ovoid or rhomboid shape, thin and shining, of a pale straw-yellow colour, somewhat tinged with livid, more especially about the tip. It is rapidly narrowed anteriorly, and terminates acutely; and around the anterior portion it is minutely striated with undulating lines. The spire, beginning with the upper fourth of the outer whorl, is elevated conical, with a sharp, elongated point at tip, and composed of ten flattened whorls, barely defined by GASTEROPODA. 205 ~ the suture, which is usually margined. The aperture is three-fourths the length of the shell, very narrow, slightly widened in front; interior of the hp thickened, and bearing eight lamellar teeth, which extend far into the shell; the inner lip bears three, sometimes four teeth, of which one on the columella, continuous with the lip, is much the largest. Length three-tenths of an inch; breadth two-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Raraka Island, Paumotu Group. Remarkable for its colour and shape. It is unusually acute in front. It possibly may be the young of M. lutea. Figure 242, dorsal view of the shell, enlarged ; 242 a, ventral view of the shell, natural size ; 242 6, aperture, enlarged. SCALARIA GRACILENTA (Gould). Testa minuta, gracilis, elongato-turrita, alba, costis longitudinalibus tenuibus ad sexdecem clathrata, spiraliter inter costas striata, imper- forata: spira anfractibus novem cylindraceis, contiguis ; sutura pro- Sunda: apertura circularis, ab anfractu penultimo haud sejuncta ; labro continuo, refiexo, posticé et ad columelle basim dilatato. Scalaria gracilenta, Gourd; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 252. December 1847. SHELL minute, turreted, very long and slender, white, barred with about sixteen delicate ribs, the spaces between which are crossed by spiral lines. ‘The spire is composed of nine cylindrical whorls, suffi- ciently united, deeply girt in at the suture. The aperture is circular, not detached from the preceding whorl; lip reflected, widened poste- riorly, and at the base of the columella. Length one-fourth of an inch; breadth one-sixteenth of an inch. Inhabits Mangsi Island, China Sea. One of the most slender and delicate species of the genus, resem- 52 206 MOLLUSCA. bling the figure of S. gracilis, Sowb., but agreeing still more, in its characters, with S. turricula, Sowb. Figure 245, front view of the shell, magnified ; 245 a, natural size ; 245 b, view at the suture, enlarged. ScaLaRia TEXTURATA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, elongato-turrita, pubescens, subperforata : spira an- fractibus rotundatis octo feré solutis, costis novem allidis, elevatrs, reflexis, superne spinosis clathrata, et striols inter costas confertis- simé texturata: apertura circularts. Scalaria texturata, GouLp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 252. December 1847. Syett small, slender and turreted, rather thin, and of a pale flesh- colour. It is barred with nine series of elevated, reflexed, whitish ribs, which, on the larger whorls, are armed posteriorly near the suture, with sharp spines. Between the ribs the space is finely sculp- tured with minute, revolving lines. Whorls eight, cylindrical, and nearly separated from each other. Aperture circular. ‘The umbilicus, if existing, is very small, and obscured by the numerous ribs con- verging there. Length one-third of an inch ; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Habitat unknown. A very pretty, slender species, and well characterized by the numerous striae between the ribs, forming a delicate network. It is allied to S. turricula, Sowb., which has only revolving lines, is less conical, and its whorls are less rounded. Figure 244, view of the shell in front, magnified ; 244 a, junction of whorls at the suture, enlarged ; 244 0, natural size. ScaLARIA AUSTRALIS (LamaRcK), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 76. Sow- GASTEROPODA. 207 ERBY ; Genera of Shells, fig. 4. Guerin; Magasin de Zool., pl. 40. KriENER; Iconog., pl. vi. f. 17. The shell in question is marked as occurring at Puget Sound. I at first regarded it as new, and described it under the name of S. boreals ; but, upon close examination, I can see no other difference between the northern and southern shell, than the number of ribs, which are eight in the northern and ten in the southern shell. It would be very strange to find species identical at points so remote from each other on opposite sides of the equator while we might expect to find them ana- logous; and I cannot but think, that there is either an error in the locality, or that better specimens would show decided differences. STILIFER ACICULA (Gould). Testa minuta, tmperforata, elongato-subulata, acutissima, ad apicem integerrima et lente distorta, nitidissima, livido-lactea interdum flavescens: spira anfractibus ad duodecim planulatis ; sutura lucida: apertura angusta, ovalis; labro simplici, antrorsum arcuato, antice evoluto ; columella viz arcuata. Stilifer acicula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc, Nat. Hist., ili. 84. March 1849. Expedition Shells, 54. SHELL minute, highly polished, thin, vitreous and transparent, elongated, subulate, at tip very acute and slightly distorted, of a tar- nished, bluish-white colour, mixed with pale yellow. Whorls nume- rous, twelve or more, conical or scarcely swelling, opaque, white at the suture, which is well marked, and generally has an accompanying stria. Aperture small, ovate, more than half the length of the last whorl : lip simple, when viewed laterally exhibiting its outline arching forwards, so as to form somewhat of a sinus at the upper angle; column short, slightly arcuate, continued into the lip, which is some- what everted or effuse at base. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits the skin of Holothuria, Feejee Islands, Drayton. A much more delicate species than any one of S¢zlifer or Eulima 208 MOLLUSCA. described. The little Phasianella stihfera, Turt. (Stihfer turtoni, Brod.) is somewhat like it. S. swdalatus, from the West Indies, is much less slender. Figure 246, 246a, front and profile views of the shell, enlarged ; 246 5, natural size. The sketch of an animal taken from Holothuria at Tahiti, evidently a larger and less slender species, is given in outline, merely to afford some notion of its form. It accords with Owen’s account of the animal, so far as concerns its rudimentary foot, and its enormously elongated proboscis. It does not appear, from the sketch, whether the whole shell is enveloped in a fleshy mantle or not; the indications are that it was not. Figure 247, the animal, with an outline of the shell. Hantoris crispata (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, convexa, elongato-ovalis, unduls obliquis angulatis divaricantibus rugata, spiraliter striata, rubida: spira elevata, sub- mediana ; foraminibus parvis, circularibus, confertis, ad septenis pervus, extrorsum canaliculatis ; intus undulosa, nitida, argentea. Halotis crispata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 251. December 1847. SHELL small, very thin and delicate, of an elongated oval, and more than usually convex form, the surface marked with fine, regular, equal, revolving threads, and with very delicate, branching, oblique, zigzag ripples, which are almost equally conspicuous in the interior. The spire is prominent, of a little less than three whorls, the apex nearly on the median line. The perforations are small, rounded, slightly tubular, numerous and crowded, six or seven of them open; and external to the series is a deep canal. The colour is bright brick- red or red-lead colour, having between the canal and the margin a few narrow and distant yellowish-white stripes. The interior is brilliant silvery, and somewhat iridescent. GASTEROPODA. 209 Length an inch and three-eighths; breadth seven-eighths of an inch. Brought with New Holland shells. About the size and form of H. stomatie-formis, Reeve, but distin- guished from all others by its crowded angular ripples, arranged some- what like the colours on H. ziczac. No shell approaches it in this respect except the very young of H. australis. Figures 248, 248 a, aperture and back of the shell. STOMATELLA TuMIDA (Gould). Testa subglobosa, ampullacea, tenuis, nitida, cinereo-olivacea, prope suturam albido et rufo seriatim maculata et lineolis sagittatis vittata, subtus flavescens, sulcis remotis cincta, sulcis basalibus fusco-articu- latis: spira anfractibus quatuor tumidis: apertura circularis intus margaritacea; labro acuto, albo; columella revoluta, callo copioso, erecto, albo, striato marginata. Stomatella tumida, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 74. November 1849. Expedition Shells, 51. SHELL subglobose, thin and light, polished, of an ashy olive-green colour, pale and yellowish beneath, with distant revolving ridges, which are abrupt above and slope downwards: there are six or eight of these on the upper whorl, and eighteen or twenty on the body whorl ; about four of the basal ridges are tessellated with bluish-black, and more or less of the others above (four or five conspicuously so) are most delicately veined with white and brown, angular, invaginating spots exhibiting so many delicate bands; near the suture it is usually blotched with alternate white and brown; lines of growth distinct, distant, shallow. Whorls four, forming a prominent spire, broadly inflated. Aperture circular; lip sharp, a little sinuous above, at the junction ; columellar edge everted, so as to form a rounded pillar, mar- gined by a thick, white, grooved lunate callus, not closely appressed at the outer edge ; interior silvery, and exhibiting the external sulci. 53 210 MOLLUSCA. Length an inch and an eighth; breadth three-fourths of an inch ; height seven-eighths of an inch. Purchased at Singapore, by Mr. Rich, and is known to be native at the Molucca Islands. Distinguished by its globular form, shining surface, peculiar coffee- coloured ground, with delicately painted, feathery ridges, and the large, white, elevated, columellar callus. It accords with the figure in Chemnitz of Turbo papyracea, but that shell is described as_per- fectly smooth. This shell certainly does not belong to the genus Turbo. Figures 249, 249 a, 249 4, three views of the shell. SToMATELLA DEcoLorata (Gould). Testa auriformis, depressa, subperforata, albida, maculis lacteis et labe- culis sanguinets marmorata, costulis numerosis confertis cincta, strits minutis ad paginam superiorem interpositis : spira prominula, anfrac- tibus quatuor planulatis, sutura profunda discretis : apertura obliqua, sub-circularis; columella acutd, superné reflexiuscula, areola lata inornata adjuncta. Stomatella decolorata, GouLp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iil. 73. November 1848. Expedition Shells, 51. Suett uniform, depressed, rather rounded in outline, dead white above, with spots of milk white and blotches of pale sanguineous especially near the suture; whorls four, forming an acute, moderately elevated spire, somewhat crenulated at suture; surface conspicuously grooved, those above the periphery having three or four smaller striz intervening; beneath somewhat imbricated upwards, and barred in the intervals by the lines of growth, which do not pass over the ridges; one-half the breadth of the base adjoining the columella is plain, with- out strie, banded by a raised and milk-white line ; a slight reflection of the columella against a minute perforation; aperture transverse, rounded oval, nearly circular ; interior porcelain white and shining. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth five-eighths of an inch, height three-eighths of an inch. GASTEROPODA. 211 Inhabits the island of Mangsi. Pickering. Allied to S. maculata, Quoy, but the spire is less elevated, the aper- ture is more rounded, and above all, it is characterized by the plain, white, lunate area adjacent to the columella. Figures 250, 250 a, aperture and back of the shell; 250 8, sculpture, magnified. Natica Lewisit (Govwid ). Testa pregrandis, solidiuscula, conico-globosa, albida, epidermide sordidé stramineo induta, lineis minimis confertissimis, flexuosis cincta : spira anfractibus sea ventricosis postice valde constrictis: apertura obovata, ampla, callo copioso albo castaneo-tincto umbilicum modicum simplicem profundum postice circumambiente, ad anfractum ultimum munita ; fauce incarnata. Operculum corneum. Natica Lemwisii, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 239. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 49. Suet very large, not very ponderous, globose-conic; the spire rather elevated and acute; colour pale fleshy, covered by a thin, ashy epidermis, which is everywhere marked with very delicate, crowded, undulating, revolving lines. Surface somewhat undulated by the stages of growth. Whorls six, moderately convex, somewhat flattened near the suture, the last whorl having a very remarkable broad, well- marked constriction, at about its posterior third, which is continued also about the middle of the posterior whorls. Aperture obovate, broad, having a sharp lip, until it rises on the left margin, when it widens, and presents a rounded edge, terminating in a copious white callus, which seems to flow down about half way around the umbilicus with- out closing it, and having a furrow running obliquely inward, from the upper edge of the umbilicus; its edges are somewhat tinted with chestnut, and a strong band of callus also fills the upper angle of the aperture. Umbilicus moderately long, deep, nearly round, with a slight encroachment down the right wall. Interior of the aperture shaded with pale flesh-colour. Operculum thin, horny. 212 MOLLUSCA. Axial diameter four and a half to five inches; transverse diameter four inches. Inhabits Oregon, at Discovery Harbour, Puget Sound. Pickering. This certainly exceeds in size all other species yet discovered. It is allied to N. heros, some specimens of which occasionally approach it in size. It is, however, less globular, and distinguished by the re- markable constriction near the suture. Specimens were brought from the mouth of the Columbia, by Lewis and Clarke, and have been designated by the above name. Figure 253, vertical view of the shell; 253 a, the operculum. — Nartica caurina (Gould). Testa parva, solida, levigata, globoso-ellipsoidea, albida, epidermide tenut stramineo induta, viz perforata: spira obtusa, erosa, anfractibus quatuor cum dimidio, ultimo sub-tabulato, anticé subcontracto : apertura parva, semilunaris ; columella recta, postice callo coptoso albo indutda. Natica caurina, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 239. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 50. SHELL small, solid, smooth, of a round-ellipsoid form, of a dead, dirty milk-white colour. Whorls four or five, the upper ones forming a depressed spire, with the apex eroded, and suture linear; the last whorl very large, full posteriorly, and somewhat tabular at the suture ; the last whorl is quite as long as broad, and perhaps attenuated at base. The aperture is about two-thirds the length of shell, semilunar ; the outer lip sharp, the pillar lip straight, heavily and broadly loaded with callus posteriorly, and regularly narrowing, and yet nearly covering a small umbilical pit at the middle, so as to leave merely a small, linear chink, or none at all. Axial diameter half an inch; transverse diameter two-fifths of an inch. GASTEROPODA. 213 Inhabits the Straits of De Fuca, Oregon. Pickering. Nearly the same as N. zmpervia, Phil., from Cape Horn, which has a very depressed spire, and its umbilicus closed by a semicircular cal- lus. Its form and colour is like N. ammaculata, Totten., though it 1s much larger. It is more solid and less globular than N. Grenlandica. Figures 254, 254 a, ventral and dorsal views of the shell. Natica DILECTA ((Crould ). Testa parva, globulosa, solida, sub epidermide sordido eburnea, lineolis rubiginosis araneosts scutulata et prope suturam lturis castaneis maculata: spira rotundata, anfractibus quinque ventricosis: apertura semilunaris ; labro crasso; columella valde callifera, callo anticé et ad funiculum castaneo, et canal transverso feré diviso; umbilico amplo, Suniculo feré impleto. Natica dilecta, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 73. November 1848. Expedition Shells, 50. SHELL small, very solid, nearly globular, polished and shining, covered with a russet-coloured epidermis, under which the shell is ivory white, reticulated with a very minute network of rusty brown or fawn-colour, leaving occasional white patches, and with a series of chestnut-coloured blotches, revolving on all the whorls near the suture. Whorls five, well rounded, a little flattened and appressed posteriorly ; suture obovate ; the aperture is semicircular, setting off somewhat from the last whorl. The umbilicus is large, but nearly filled by the funi- culus, leaving only a sort of exterior canal, which crosses and nearly divides the columella: the outer lip is thick; pillar lip covered with callus, which is copious above, and at the basal point where the pillar meets the lip ata right angle. This point is tinted chestnut-brown, as well as the callus which covers the funiculus. The operculum is undoubtedly bony. Diameter five-eighths of an inch. Probably obtained at the mouth of the Rio Negro, Patagonia. 54 214 MOLLUSCA. ~ It has a general resemblance in size and form to N. maroccana, and the shells from the Mediterranean allied to it; but is more solid, and differs from all in its umbilical channel, which is uncovered exter- nally, and is below the funiculus, and not above it. Its network colouring is peculiar, looking much like that on the pale bands of Conus ammiralis. \t most nearly resembles a shell which I suppose to be N. lupinus, Desh., which has a nearly similar columella, form, and solidity, with a simply banded colouring. Figures 255, 255 a, front and back view of the shell. Natica aLerpa (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, globosa, glabra, albido-livescens : spira anfractibus quatuor ventricosis juata suturam linearem tabulatis, ultimo magno ampullaceo : apertura semilunaris ; columella arcuatd: basis umbilco modico spirali funiculato, ad introitum angulato, perforata. Natica algida, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., in. 73. November 1848. Expedition Shells, 50. SHELL small, rather thin, globular, smooth, of a pale bluish-white colour. Whorls four, forming a rounded, slightly elevated spire, the last one very capacious, with a narrow shoulder near the suture. Aperture semilunar, outer lip thin; inner margin curved, covered posteriorly by callus, which is not very closely appressed. ‘There is a rather large, open, somewhat spiral umbilical opening, externally margined by an angle, and partially filled by a revolving pillar, on which is an expansion of the callus. Axial diameter five-eighths of an inch; transverse diameter three- fifths of an inch. Dead specimens were obtained at Classet, Oregon. Differs from N. soluta principally in its sutural region, and in its umbilical region, in which latter respect it differs from several allied species, such as NV. globosa, N. boreahs, &c. Figures 256, 256 a, ventral and dorsal views of the shell. GASTEROPODA. 215 Natica soLuta (Gould). Testa parva, globosa, sordidé alba, striis tenuissimis cincta: spira an- fractibus quinque ventricosis, superne sub-tabulatis ; sutura profun- dissima: apertura semilunaris, angulo postico callo firmato; labro acuto, tenui, ad basim incrassato, subeffuso: columella recta, callosa, post umbilicum parvum profundum dilatata. Natica soluta, Govtp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1. 239. July 1847. Expedition Shells, 50. SHELL small, thin, nearly globular, dirty white, smooth, but every- where decussated by fine lines of growth, and scarcely perceptible revolving lines. Spire rounded conical, of five ventricose whorls, slightly tabular above and divided by a deep-channeled, delicate su- ture: last whorl slightly narrowed, and produced anteriorly. Aper- ture semilunar, posteriorly made firm by the angle being filled with callus; outer lip thin and sharp, thickened and rounded at base ; colu- mella straight, delicate as it passes the small, deep umbilicus, and spreading out in callus above. Diameter half an inch. Probably from the austral coasts of South America. A small, nearly globular shell, allied to N. borealis, Gray, and N. globosa, King, but distinguished by its deep-channeled suture. Figures 257, 257 a, front and back view of the shell. AmpuLLACERA Buspyt (Goutp). Hehkz Busbyi, Gray; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vi. 317. ReEEvE; Conch. Syst., u. 164, f. 11. Preirrer ; Monog. Helic. Viv., i. 109. Concerning this very remarkable shell there is still much doubt. But it is very certain that it is not a Helix. It is very difficult to preserve the shell entire, because it is covered with a thick, horny, polished epidermis, which projects beyond the calcareous portion and warps 216 MOLLUSCA. by exposure to the atmosphere, like the epidermis of the Mytili, breaking at the same time the fragile shell. This would not be the case were the shell designed for exposure to the atmosphere. Ampul- lacera fragilis, as described by Quoy and Gaimard, appears to be allied to this shell; and I venture, for the present, to associate it with that genus. Asa further reason, we may add the fact that this, as well as the described species of Ampullacera, are peculiar to New Zealand. SIGARETUS ANTARCTICUS, (Couthouy, MS.) AnimaL remarkable for the delicacy and beauty of its coloration. On a deep orange-coloured ground, the back exhibits numerous, small, reticulating lines, so intersecting as to form little parallelograms ; these are bordered with white dots, and the intervals covered with larger ones of bright yellow. The under side of the mantle is very broad, and of a delicate rose-colour, margined by a narrow line of dark red, veined with radiating lines. The foot is lemon-coloured, paler along the middle. All the colours of the under side have a semitransparent look. Form of the animal broad-oval, very convex, highest at the anterior third; the mantle extends far beyond the foot, except posteriorly, where the foot projects some distance; it is deeply cleft in front, or rather forms a deep sinus or aquiferous canal to the branchiz, on the under side, which above appears like a deep sinus or emargination. The head is broad, and capable of great ex- tension, with a transverse cleft below, giving exit to an enormous proboscis, largest at its extremity, with a vertical fissure at tip. ‘Ten- tacles at each angle of the head, conical, compressed ; eyes on a lateral enlargement near the base, very prominent. Foot nearly square in front, with a very deep fissure across; the upper margin thus formed projects a little beyond the side of the foot, in a sort of laciniation ; posteriorly, it is narrowed considerably, and projects a little behind the mantle. SHELL not observed, but presumed to be quite flexible, as when contracted by alcohol the shape is altogether altered. Length an inch and three-fifths ; breadth an inch and one-fifth. Obtained by Midshipman Elliot among stones, at low tide, Orange Harbour. [J. p. c.] GASTEROPODA. 217 Figures 259, 259 a, 259, three views of the animal; 259, head, with the proboscis protruded. SIGARETUS PRETENUIS, (Couthouy MS.) ANIMAL smaller and proportionally narrower than in S. antarcticus ; the mantle also is narrower, and the anterior cleft slight, making the front heart-shaped. Form heart-shaped, moderately convex, more elevated posteriorly than in front, with fine radiating lines beneath. Head and tentacles much as in the preceding species. Back of a dirty ochreous colour, longitudinally wrinkled, and having a short cinereous pubescence upon it. The foot is rather lighter coloured, with a reddish tint on the upper part; the transverse fissure is less profound than in the preceding species. Length about an inch and a quarter; breadth four-fifths of an inch. SHELL not examined, but seems very small, its spire being readily seen on the right side, at the bottom of the cavity back of the head. Inhabits Orange Harbour. Only a single specimen was obtained. Figures 260, 260 a, 260 0, three views of the animal. Rissoa amBicua (Gould). Testa minuta, albida, imperforata, ovato-subulata, costis longitudinah- bus exilibus ad viginti ornata, intervallis spiraliter striatis: spira acuta, anfractibus ad decem planulatis: apertura auriculata, antice subeffusa ; columella callosa, gibbosd, anticé sinuata ; labro simplict, incrassato. Pyramidella ambigua, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 118. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 60. SHELL minute, imperforate, dingy white, elongated, ovate-lanceolate, or rather subulate, about twenty delicate, longitudinal ribs on each whorl, the interstices marked with numerous, revolving lines: spire 55 218 MOLLUSCA. acute, of about ten nearly flat whorls separated by a well-marked suture. Aperture less than one-third the length of the shell, oblique, semi-lunar, with a depression at the lower angle (anteriorly) scarcely amounting to a notch ; outer lip thick, not reflexed, though apparently so when viewed in front, polished; pillar margin arcuate, with callus posteriorly, and also a considerable intrusion just above the rostral region, which, ending suddenly, is the principal cause of the apparent notch. Length of axis one-fourth of an inch; breadth one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits Clermont Tonnerre, Paumotu Islands. Couwthouy. The characters of this little shell are somewhat abnormal. Its size and sculpture would suggest Trwncatella ; its aperture is somewhat like the effuse form of Ewhma; the form of the aperture is also like Pyra- midella, with which I at first placed it, though it has no proper plaits, but merely an intrusion of callus with an adjacent sinus in place of them, and in this, is ike Monotigma. It agrees in all respects with Rissoa, except in the effuse base of the aperture. Figure 261, 261 a, front and lateral view of the shell, enlarged ; 2614, aperture much enlarged; 261 c, natural size. ToRNATELLA BULLATA (Gould). Testa parva, ovata, tenuis, albida, epidermide stramineo fugacissimo induta, spiraliter sulcata, sulcts inearibus ad quinque ordinatim dis- positis in singulis anfractibus: spira prominula, turrita; anfractibus quinque tabulatis, ultimo magno, ventricoso, quindecim-sulcato, super- nis planulatis ; sutura canaliculata: apertura semilunaris ; columella uniplicata, planulata. Tornatella bullata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 251. December 1847. SHELL small, thin, smooth, whitish, covered with a most delicate straw-coloured epidermis. The whole surface is marked with regu- larly arranged, deep, linear, revolving grooves, of which there are GASTEROPODA. 219 about five on the upper whorls, and about sixteen on the principal whorl. In some parts the furrows seem to be crossed by delicate bars. The interspaces are flat. There are five whorls, which have a dis- tinct, square shoulder; the large whorl is tumid, the upper one plane. The aperture is lunate, about three-fifths the length of the shell. The columella, about one-third the length of the aperture, is flat, and divided by a single groove. Length of axis one-fourth of an inch ; breadth one-sixth of an inch. Dredged off Patagonia. This little species, like T. puncto-striata and T. venusta, to which it is allied, has not the ivory surface of most species. It is well cha- racterized by its form and sculpture. Figures 263, 263 a, dorsal and ventral views of the shell, enlarged ; 263 5, natural size. TRICHOTROPIS CANCELLATA, Hinps; Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1843. Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur (Mollusca), 39, pl. 11, f. 11, 12. AntmMaL much as in Littorina, Planaxis, and Melania, but the snout is on a line with the tentacles, and not much protractile. Mouth large and corneous; tongue as usual; no retractile proboscis. Eyes near the outer base of the tentacles; “ verge’ exposed on the right side, near the tentacle. Foot tumid in front, capable of adhering pretty firmly to glass. Margin of the mantle slightly scolloped to correspond with the ridges of the shell. Colour pale, as though not much ex- posed to the light. Motion sluggish. (C. Pzckering.) The operculum is narrow-ovate, sub-spiral, with the apex dentate. The shell is twice the size of the specimens figured in the Voyage of the Sulphur, which were obtained from Sitka, while ours were from the Straits of De Fuca, where they are abundant. ‘They were at least an inch in length. The epidermis is bristled with long fila- ments as in Triton. By age the umbilical slit becomes obliterated 220 MOLLUSCA. and the basal emargination elongated into a decided canal, though the animal has no siphon. Figure 275, the operculum. BULLA PARALLELA (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, cylindracea, lactea, anticé rotundata, postice conica, imperforata, longitudinaliter minutissime striata, ad verticem et ad basim strtis undulatis decussata: apertura angusta, deorsum dilatata ; columella callo haud appresso induta ; labro ultra spiram adscendente, tunc deorsum tntorta. Bulla parallela, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 251. December 1847. SHELL small, thin, pellucid, milk-white, cylindrical, rounded at base, obtusely conical at summit, imperforate at apex; surface deli- cately marked with lines of growth, and these are crossed at the lower and upper third of the shell, by somewhat conspicuous, minutely flexuous, revolving lines. The aperture is narrow, widening down- wards; lip sharp, rising considerably above the apex of the spire, and at the same time inclining towards it, then turning downwards and entering the aperture by a twisted fold; at base it is rounded, and rises upon the columella in the shape of a thick callus, which is not appressed to the body of the shell. Length about half an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Habitat unknown. Much smaller and thinner than B. solida, though striated at the ends like it, and having the same conformation of the lip. Its sides also are parallel and not bulging. Figures 267, 267 a, two views of the shell. Buia BirasciaTa, Martini and Chem., tab. 21, fig. 190, 191; Lister, Conch., tab. 1056, f. 8. B. ampulla, (var.) Lin. and Auct Sowersy, Thes. Conch., pl. 122, fig. 59. GASTEROPODA. 221 The form and colouring of this shell is so constant, that I hesitate not to regard it as a distinct species, under the name which it bears in the work of Martiniand Chemnitz. It is smaller and more globose than B. ampulla, and constantly bears the two dark bands dividing the surface into three nearly equal zones. It was dredged at the Feejee Islands, in from three to six fathoms water. ANIMAL nearly colourless above, tinted blue and flesh-colour; form elongated ; mantle covering about one-third of the shell; head obtuse, in front bilobed, with tentaculiform appendages at each angle; eyes at base, quite distinct; behind these are two long, lanceolate appen- dages, reaching back upon the shell, half the length of the animal. The size of the tentacles in the figure would seem to be exaggerated, though the animal of B. aplustre is represented by Quoy with two pairs of similar ones. Figure 264, the animal, with the shell. BuLua RuBIGINOSA (Gould). Testa B. amygdalo similima, sed incola valdé differt: ellipsoidea, solidula, cinerascens nigro-nubeculata, sepius ferrugineo deluta. Bulla rubiginosa, Gouin ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 107. April 1849. ANIMAL with the head flat, compressed, bilobed in front, the lobes semicircular, with a deep fissure between, on each side of which, in a small circular depression and rather remote, are the eyes; poste- riorly the head is furnished with two thin, prolonged, sub-triangular lobes. The mantle is very narrow, hardly surpassing the edge of the shell. The colour of the body is light ochreous, powdered, as it were, with black. Its motions were sluggish. [J. Pp. c.] The general contour of the shell is like that of Bulla amygdalus, with which it has doubtless been confounded. 'The animal, however, is very different. In general, the surface was either eroded or covered 56 222 MOLLUSCA. with a rusty coating, as is most commonly the case with all shells found at the mouths of rivers in brackish waters. When perfect, it is of a light shining brown, clouded with black. Length about an inch and a half. Obtained near the mouth of the harbour of Rio Janeiro. Couthouy. Figures 266, 266 a, two views of the animal, with the shell. Bua piapHana (Couthouy, MS.) Testa fragilis, lucida, ventricosa, dilute cornea, transverse striata. Bulla diaphana, Gou.pv; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., im. 91. March 1849. ANIMAL of a delicate grass-green colour, everywhere minutely dotted with black and cinereous, except the side of the mantle next the shell, which is nearly white. The head is moderately convex, oblong, the part behind the auricles entire, not bilobed, destitute of any lobular appendages; eyes nearly central and approximate. Mantle large, nearly concealing the whole shell when the animal is expanded, and never wholly withdrawn. Foot oval, rather broader posteriorly than in front, where it is separated from the head by a broad and deep fissure. The average length, when crawling, was about one and a half inches. SHELL very thin, nearly colourless, finely and closely striated all over its surface, quite ventricose, resembling in its general features B. fusca and B. elegans. [3.P.c.] Length about three-fourths of an inch. Drawn up in shrimp-nets near the mouth of the harbour of Rio de Janeiro. Figures 265, 265 a, 265 b, three views of the animal, with the shell : 265, front of the animal in outline ; 265d, the shell. GASTEROPODA. 223 APLYSIA PULMONICA (Gould ). A. corpore oblongo, posticé sacciformi, fusco-viridi venis fuscts reticulato : apertura siphonals parva: caput obtusum, viz bilobatum: tentaculis anticis curtis, auriformibus ; tentaculis cervicalibus conicis, acutis, obscuré annulatis. Body oblong, posteriorly sacciform, with a short, distinct prolonga- tion of the foot backwards. Colour bronze-green, coarsely reticulate with dark veins; siphonal aperture small; head obtuse, slightly bilo- bate; anterior tentacles short, ear-shaped ; cervical tentacles acutely conical, faintly annulate. Length six inches; height two inches. Obtained at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Couwthouy. This animal bears a general resemblance to A. Tongana of Quoy and Gaimard; but their figure shows the ruffled posterior disk pecu- liar to the subgenus Dolabella, no traces of which are apparent in this species. Figure 268, the animal. BURSATELLA LACINULATA (Couthouy, MS.) B. elevata, oblonga, postice acuminata, virescens confertim nigro-punc- tata, arbusculis viridibus sparsis ornata: pes ampla, lata; soled stra- minea nigro-punctata ; labrum utrinque in filos tentaculiformis pro- tractum. Colour pale-green, closely covered with black ‘dots, which give it a bronze hue. Whole body ornamented with little green arborescent or frondesceut tufts, irregularly disposed, except around the upper margin of the foot, where they are smaller and form a regular row; viewed in the water these tufted appendages cause the animal to appear as if covered with a delicate moss. The mouth is nearly concealed by its thick, fleshy lips, which are prolonged on each side into a slender 224 MOLLUSCA. tentaculiform process. Foot large and broad, sole yellow, dotted greenish. ‘Twice as long as broad, elevated, abruptly sloping behind, the foot trailing in a point behind. [1. Pp. c.] Length two and a half inches. Inhabits the harbour of Rio Janeiro. Couthouy. A single specimen found among rocks terminating the beach in front of the lagoon of Peteninga, one of those brackish lakes common along the coast, separated from the sea by a strip of sand, perhaps fifty yards wide, and six feet above high tide. Resembles A. Savigniana, Fer., but is distinguished by its broader foot and the filamentous pro- longation of the lips, as well as in many of its details. It belongs to the genus Notarchus of Cuvier. | Figure 269, the animal, as in motion; 2694, view of the plantar disk. Genus STYLOCHEILUS—(Gourp.) Corpus limaciforme, lanceolatum, retrorsum attenuatum, cirrhigerum ; caput lberum, tentaculis quatuor elongatis linearibus plus minusve papillosis instructum; os inferior; labro laterahter in processum subulatum palpiformem dilatato. Body limaciform, dilated at the sides and delicately attenuated pos- teriorly, cirrhigerous ; head separated from the body by a distinct neck, and furnished with four elongated, linear, distant tentacles, more or less ornamented with papillz; mouth beneath, the lip dilated laterally into an acutely conical process, like a third pair of tentacles. Sander Rang, in his remarks on Aplysia longicauda of Quoy and Gaimard, says—‘These naturalists have represented six tentacles, while in the four individuals preserved, which we have examined, we find only four. For light on this subject, we have inquired of M. Gaudichaud respecting this apparent error. He answered us, that this little animal had three pairs of tentacles; and, to convince us of it, showed two outline figures made from the animal, representing un- GASTEROPODA. 925 equivocally this singular character.”” These processes had doubtless become so contracted by immersion in alcohol as to be invisible; but the figures we have now the opportunity of presenting, drawn also from living specimens, and which correspond so well with the figure of A. longicauda, leave us no longer in doubt as to the existence of a genus with this characteristic, with at least three species. The papille on the mantle are capable of being individually elongated and contracted, as they are in Cyprea. STYLOCHEILUS LINEOLATUS (Gould). Corpus viride, lineis ferrugineis longitudinalbus parallels contortis, et ocellis inequalibus remotis ornatum ; papillis remotis, ramosis ; tentaculis antertoribus subulatis, nudis. Anrmat elongated, delicately attenuated posteriorly, of a pale grass- green colour, ornamented with longitudinal, parallel, contorted, rusty lines, and scattered ocelli of unequal size. The papille of the mantle are branching. The anterior tentacles are short, tapering, and desti- tute of papille. Length three and a half inches. Found on a coral reef at Honolulu, Oahu. Dr. Pickering, who observed this animal, remarks, that the creeping disk is very long, ending in a sharp point. Branchial cavity gene- rally kept pretty wide open; the branchie are very large, not covered by a dorsal plate, and coloured above in the same manner as the mantle, and they are inflated as though injected with water. The heart is seen beating on the left side, immediately under the origin of the branchiew. The vent projects much as in Doris. The lines on the surface were more or less concentric, like the strie in the palms of the hands. Motions quite active. Though the two figures differ somewhat in their details, I judge them to represent the same species. In the dark green one, the tenta- _ cles are shorter, and the cephalic pair are destitute of papille, and the 57 226 MOLLUSCA. papille are branched. In the pale one, the tentacles are longer, more linear, all furnished with papille, which are everywhere aculeate. But when we consider the identity of locality, the difficulty of deli- neating these animals while living, and their power of contracting and modifying parts, I think we may safely and properly regard them as the same. Aplysia striata, Quoy, is lineated like this, but has uaked, truncated tentacles, and very few cirrhi. Figure 270, lateral view of the animal; 270a, a dorsal view, with the branchie displayed. STYLOCHEILUS QUERCINUS (Gould). Corpus elongatum, attenuatum, e fusco ferrugineum, longitrorsum rufo- lineatum, papillis elongatis ramosis instructum : tentacule prelonge lineares, truncate, papillis acutis armate. Body limaciform, elongated, delicately attenuated ; the ground co- lour slaty, tinted with wood-colour, and longitudinally grained with numerous unequal, rusty lines or folds. Tentacles very long, linear, truncate at tip, and beset with numerous acute papilla. The papille on the body are long and branching, but becoming more and more simple towards the margin and tail. Eyes distinct in front of the cervical tentacles. Length three and a half inches. Dredged at Lebuka, Feejee Islands. The peculiar coloration and graining of this animal are something like that of oak wood. Figure 271, the animal, as in crawling. JanTHiINA ExicuA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 5. Encyel. Méthodique, pl. 456, f. 2, a, b. Sowrersy, Genera of Shells, f. 2. GASTEROPODA. ah AnImAL nearly colourless, except the anterior portion of the foot, which is a rich ultramarine blue; the proboscis has a fainter shade of the same, communicating its shade to the transparent sheath; its tip is flesh-coloured, and armed with numerous fine bearded sete, with which it was seen to seize animalcules for food. Tentacles only two, each one having, about one-third from the base on the side next the foot, a short spur, like a second tentacle. Eyes very small, but dis- tinctly seen just behind the base of the tentacles. Its float is about one and a half diameters of the shell in length, narrow, most elevated near its attachment, but not much elevated any- where, tapering backwards. Vesicles small, not imbricating, but alternating with each other. The animal did not reconstruct its float when retained under water, but commenced it immediately when raised to the surface. [J. Pp. c.] Found in lat. 18° 20’ S., long. 132° W., 150 miles from land. Figure 272, lateral view of the shell containing the animal; 272a, buccal barbs, enlarged. Figure 273 represents the animal of the common Janthina (J. Sragiis), which is unaccompanied by a description, but which is given because it seems to be more lifelike and more in detail than any one hitherto published. PyRULA DEFoRMIS (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 520. Purpura abbreviata, var. KiENER. ANIMAL small, pale lemon-yellow ; foot small, escutcheon-shaped, anterior border a little dilated; head narrow, with the tentacles stout at base, short subulate ; eyes nearest the tip; siphon not protruding. Found at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 276, small variety of the shell, with the animal. Fusus Geverstanus (Paxtas), Spic. Zool., pl. 3, fig. 1. Buccinum 228 MOLLUSCA. jfimbriatum, Martyn’s Univ. Conch., pl. 1, f. 6. Murex Magellanicus, GME vIN and Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., ix. 589. Animat of a uniform ochreous yellow, somewhat paler on the disk of the foot, which is small, oval, truncated anteriorly, with a deep fissure across. Head distinct, somewhat elongated; mouth inferior at the extremity, the upper edge of the head prolonged over it like a hp, giving it much the appearance of an inverted glove-finger. ‘Tenta- cles short-conical; eyes on a lateral protuberance about halfway up. eas ce] Some of the shells have a remarkably bulbous form, and have no conspicuous, longitudinal lamine, but merely distinct, revolving grooves; and there is every variety between this pattern and the remarkably clathrate surface of the typical form. Figure 277, a bulbous, smooth shell, with the animal, as in motion ; 277 a, clathrate shell, with the foot of the animal; 2770, the proboscis in outline. Fusus tacrntatus (Martyn), Univ. Conch., pl. 42. Murex lamel- losus, LAMaRcK, Anim. sans Vert., ix. 591. AnrMat very sluggish ; throughout several days’ confinement, during which the water was changed twice daily, it never protruded more than is represented in the drawing. ‘The tentacles are conical, com- pressed, and rather short, with the eyes lateral at the superior third. Foot thick, short and broad, regularly rounded behind, and truncate in front, with a submarginal groove; pale yellow beneath. Siphons short, and like the mantle, of a pale yellow; the margin of the mantle appears destitute of any fringe. Obtained at Orange Harbour, but appears not to be common. [is.:P:'e.] Figure 278, shell, with the animal, in a crawling position. GASTEROPODA. 229 Fusus crispus (Gould). Testa parva, subrhomboidea, elongata, rudis, cinerea, plicis laminosis octo variciformibus e strits laxis incrementalibus compositis instructa, et liris obtusis cincta: spira acuto-conica, anfractibus septem ad octo convexts, posticé plus minusve angulatis, ultimo ventricoso, trientes duos longitudinis teste adequante, antrorsum in rostrum acutum subito attenuato: apertura rotundato-ovata ; labro semicirculart, crenu- lato ; columella rectiusculd. Fusus crispus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 141. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 64. Animal of a clear, pale yellowish colour. Head small, short, and depressed, never apparently extended beyond the foot, which is elon- gated, oval posteriorly, and nearly square with a faint submarginal fissure in front. Tentacles rather long, slender and subulate, with the eyes on a very slight, lateral enlargement at their upper third. Siphon pale yellow, dotted white, rarely protruded beyond the canal. Operculum unguiculate, thin, horny, yellowish at margin, brown at apex, which is acute, somewhat lateral; strie of increment rather coarse, Somewhat imbricated. SxHevt fusiform-turreted, of an ashy colour. Volutions seven or eight, convex and slightly angular, longitudinally traversed by eight or nine prominent, subangular varices, and by as many as fourteen close, elevated strie#, with broader intervening sulci on the last volu- tion, which constitutes half the entire shell, and from three to five on the others. ‘These strie or cost are traversed by close and fine incre- mental striz, giving them an imbricated, and the sulci a reticulate aspect. Aperture oval, right lip slightly evasive and feebly furrowed within; columella arcuated superiorly, and inclining rather suddenly to the left, a short distance above the canal, which is short, straight, and feebly recurved: within polished, purplish. [3. p. c.] Length nearly an inch; breadth half an inch. Dredged at Orange Harbour, in sixteen fathoms water. 58 230 MOLLUSCA. This species, from its variciform plaits, might be regarded as a Murex, were it not for its rostrum, and its animal. The form varies greatly, as well as the degree of angularity of the whorls; but the peculiar lax arrangement of the stages of growth, especially where they form the varices, allows of no mistake. The animal is very timid, remaining for hours displaying only a small portion of the foot; and when fully protruded the head never advanced beyond the foot. Figure 279, a large specimen, with the animal, as in motion ; 279 a, a slender shell, with the plantar disk of the animal, enlarged ; 279 6, dorsal view of a curious angular variety ; 279 c, the operculum. Fusus pecotor (Putiprr), Abbild. der neuen oder wenig. bekannt. Conchylhien, pl. 3, fig. 3. Animat pale straw-colour, flecked with white spots on the tentacles and sides; foot short, square in front, with a deep, transverse, sub- marginal furrow ; tentacles broad at base, eyes near their lower third, above which they taper to a point; siphon hardly protrudes beyond the shell. This animal was found at Orange Harbour adhering to a Mytilus, through which it had drilled a hole, about one-twelfth of an inch in diameter, and with its proboscis extended nearly an inch, was leisurely preying on the animal within, and which it had already half de- voured. [J.P.c.] Figure 280, shell, with the animal, as in motion. Fusus pLumBeus (Pxitippi), Abbild. der neuen oder wenig. be- kannt. Conchylien, pl. 1, fig. 3. The animal has the whole body of a clear, pale yellow, except the tentacles, which are colourless, with a longitudinal, dull-brown line; the siphon has a faint yellow tinge, as has also the mantle, which has its margin undulating and delicately fimbriated with short, fine, _- GASTEROPODA. 231 crowded cirrhi of a delicate purple colour. Head large and thick, proboscidiform, with the mouth just under its upper edge. ‘Tentacles short, thick and conical, with the eyes on a slight lateral enlargement, about midway of their length. Foot short, oval, truncate anteriorly, with a very distinct, transverse, marginal furrow ; colour clear yellow anteriorly, with a slaty tint posteriorly. Operculum thin, semitransparent, brown, slender, unguiform ; apex terminal, incremental lines distinct, every fourth or fifth stria coarser than the rest. The animal secretes abundantly a sap-green viscous fluid. [J. P. c. ] Figure 281, shell, with the animal; 251 a, ventral view of a small shell. Fusus tiratus (Couthouy MS.) Testa parva, solida, ovato-fusiformis, straminea, longitudinahter plicis angularibus instructa et striis profundis cincta ; spira brevis, conica ; anfractibus septem, ventricosis posticé angulatis, ultimo trientes duos longitudinis teste adequante, antrorsum in rostrum tenue contortum sulito contracto: apertura angusta, ovata, in canalem obducta ; columella polita, contorta, alba. Fusus liratus, Cournouy MS.; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 141. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 64. AnimaL uniform pale yellow; tentacles very broad at base, short subulate, compressed ; eyes on a lateral enlargement at their lower third; foot oval, truncate anteriorly, always extended so as to conceal the mouth, the only portion of the head visible during crawling being _ the tentacles Operculum unguiculate, thin, pale yellow, increment very slow, the strie being scarcely visible. SHELL fusiform, turreted, polished, yellowish white, with traces of a thin epidermis. Spire acute, whorls seven, slightly swelling, the last about two-thirds the whole length of the shell, suddenly con- tracted at its anterior third ; all the volutions are marked by prominent, 232 MOLLUSCA. close-set, angular longitudinal ridges, to the number of twenty on the last whorl, and also by deep-cut revolving strie between the ridges, most conspicuous near the beak as the ridges begin to disappear. Aperture oval, prolonged into a moderate-sized canal; lip simple, bordered by the last angular ridge, sub-arcuate in the middle; colu- mella white, with a purplish callus extending from it upon the body of the shell. Interior milk white, with a purplish clouding near the hips s4(aesc. Length three-fourths of an inch ; breadth three-eighths of an inch. Dredged in Orange Harbour from fifteen fathoms. The prominent trigonal ribs, cut by the deep, somewhat distant revolving lines, with its slender rostrum, are characteristic of this species. It resembles Buccinum cancellarioides, Reeve. Figure 282, shell, with the animal, as in motion; and 282 a, loco- motive disk, enlarged ; 282 4, shell, natural size. The six preceding species belong to a group which is peculiar to the southern extremity of America. They have a simple leaden or slaty colour, a short buccinoid form, but with a canal like Fusus, instead of a siphonal notch; the surface is sometimes decussated, but is oftener smooth or with occasional sharp, longitudinal lamelle, and in some species these lamellw are very numerous, so as to appear like Murex. The animal is small, sluggish, and colourless or pale yellow, with a delicate extensile proboscis and short conical tentacles, having the eyes about the middle of their length. The operculum is like Fusus. Somewhat similar forms are found in corresponding northern latitudes, as in Fusus Bamffius, F’. ventricosus, lamellosus, &c. Fusus inctsus (Gould). Testa elongato-ovata, livido-cinerea, striis profundis volventibus satura- tioribus incisa: spira conica, anfractibus septem convexis, apicalibus undulatis, ult’mo trientes duos longitudints teste; rostro brevi, vix recurvo: apertura dimidiam longitudinis testa adequante, angusta, subovalis ; labro arcuato, acuto, crenulato ; columella rectiuscula, levi, subcontorta, purpurascente: faux livido-fusca, sulcata. GASTEROPODA. 233 Fusus incisus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 141. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 64. SHELL of medinm size and moderate thickness, of an elongated ovate form, of a cinereous brown colour, everywhere encircled with narrow, deeply impressed strie of a more decided brown colour than the interspaces, about ten on the penultimate whorl. The apicial whorls have also eight or nine longitudinal undulations. Whorls six or seven, convex, the last two-thirds the length of the shell, tapering about equally each way ; siphonal beak short, a little recurved. Aper- ture one-half the length of the shell, narrow, sub-oval; outer lip regu- larly arcuate, crenulated by the impressed lines, and deeply sulcate within; pillar lip nearly straight, a little contorted, smooth, purplish- brown; whole interior livid brown. Length of axis an inch and three-fourths ; breadth seven-eighths of an inch. Habitat uncertain ; probably New Zealand. This buccinoid species should perhaps be grouped with the genus Pollia of Gray. It has no remarkable characters except its dingy livid brown colour, and the deep cut revolving lines. Figures 283, 283 a, two views of the shell. Fusus ripicuta (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, albida, longitudinaliter lamelloso-costata, costis vigintt-quatuor, striis volventibus ad octo decussatis: spira conica, turrita; anfractibus septem tabulatis, ultimo in rostro brevi subito attenuato: apertura angusta, dimidiam longitudinis teste haud @quans, postice angulata ; labro acuto, crenulato ; columella postice arcuata, alba, polita. Fusus fidicula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 111. 142. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 64. SHELL small, thin, dirty white, turreted, short fusiform. Surface 59 234 MOLLUSCA. sculptured with delicate, regular, obtuse, longitudinal rib-folds, about twenty-four on the last whorl, on the middle of which they disappear, decussated by more crowded, delicate grooves, a little undulating, about eight on the penultimate whorl, cutting the longitudinal ribs, and extending to the origin of the beak. Whorls seven, angular, forming a broad shoulder at the suture, which is well impressed, the last one three-fifths the length of the shell, abruptly forming a short, nearly direct beak. Aperture less than one-half the length of the shell, narrow; lip angular posteriorly, gently arcuate, sharp, and delicately crimped by the strie; pillar arched retrally, then straight, smoothly rounded, white; imterior white. Length of axis nine-twentieths of an inch; breadth equal to half the length. Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. The counterpart of I’. turricula, from some varieties of which it would not at first be distinguished ; but it is smaller, more solid; the longitudinal ribs less lamellar, and more decidedly cut by the re- volving lines, which are also less numerous. Figures 284, 284 a, two views of the shell, enlarged. Fusus orPHEUS (Gould ). Testa parva, elongata, cinerea: spira turrita, anfractibus sex superné angulatis, lamellis acutis longitudinahbus muricatis, et fils trans- versis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo postice ventricoso, antrorsum in rostrum viz reflecum attenuato: apertura elliptica, dimidiam longitu- dinis teste, postice angulata ; labro acuto ; columella antice intrudente; fauce carnicolort. Fusus orpheus, Gourn ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., in. 142. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 65. SHELL minute, fusiform, thin, elongated, turreted, cinereous, with numerous longitudinal, lamellar, sharp, muricated ridges, thirteen on the last whorl, angular near the suture, crossed by rounded, raised threads of considerable size, which commence gradually in front of a GASTEROPODA. 235 rib, and terminate on the succeeding one, two or three on the upper whorls, five or six on the last, neither set continued upon the beak. Whorls six, with a broad shoulder near the suture, angular, the last two-thirds the length of the shell, ventricose above, the lower half ter- minating in a slender beak, a little recurved. Aperture half the length of the shell, elliptical; lip angular posteriorly, a little everted, sharp and simple; pillar with a slight intrusion at the commencement of the canal ; interior pale flesh-colour. Length half an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inbabits Puget Sound, Oregon. C. Pickering. More slender, the beak longer, the longitudinal bars less numerous and more lamellar than in F. fidicula; in form it is more like 1m, bamffius. Figures 285, 285 a, two views of the shell, enlarged. Fusus susiutus (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, elongata, pallida vel ad basim et ad suturam hvida, longitudinaliter costata, costis ad duodecim erectis, obtusis, ad suturam haud attigentibus, sed secundum rostrum productts : sptra acuto-conica, anfractibus septem ad octo convexis, apicalibus levibus, alteris minu- tissimé decussatis, ultimo sub-globoso dimidiam teste longitudinis adequante: apertura angusta, posticé angulata ; labro postice arcuato ; Sauce castanea, albo-fasciata. Fusus sublutus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., in. 142. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 65. SHELL small, thin, elongated, turreted, livid at base and sutures, the central portion of each whorl pale cinereous when dry, with longi- tudinal, erect, obtuse ribs, not quite attaining the suture above, but extending to the beak, twelve on the last whorl; interspaces about equally broad, very minutely striated with lines of increment, and also by evanescent, microscopic, epidermal, transverse lines. Spire acutely conical, whorls seven or eight, apicial ones smooth, convex, 236 MOLLUSCA. suture well defined, the last whorl half the length of the shell, sub- elobose; beak short and buccinoid; aperture one-third the length of the shell, narrow; lip angular retrally, regularly arcuate; inner lip arched retrally, smooth; tip of beak and interior dark chestnut, with a narrow, white fascia. Length two-fifths of an inch ; breadth three-twelfths of an inch. The last whorl and beak are unusually short, with much the aspect of a Mangeha. ‘The colouring of the aperture is very decided, while the surface looks dead and chalky. Figures 286, 286 a, two views of the shell, somewhat enlarged. Movrex (Trophon) rruricosus (Gould). Testa parva, tenuis, subrhomboidea, straminea: spira anfractibus quingue ad sex angulatis, superné concavo-dechivibus, serie mediant spinarum armatis, spints ad sex tubulosts, sub-furcatis, recurvo-adscen- dentibus ; anfractu ultimo series tres spinarum lamelhis longitudi- nalibus conjunctarum gerente: apertura ovato-trigona, dimidiam longitudinis teste adequans ; rostro brevi, deatrorsum deflecto. Murex (Trophon) fruticosus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 143. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 65. SHELL small, thin, straw-coloured, destitute of sculpture, short rhomboidal-fusiform. Whorls five or six, angular, the posterior portion concavely sloped, the upper ones armed with a single median series of long, slender, recurved and ascendent tubular spines, about six in number; the body whorl with two series, the lowest of which is smallest; these spines are longitudinally connected by a delicate lamellar varix, and are, as it were, forked by a minute supplemen- tary rusty spine at their bases; another series surrounds the beak. Aperture half the length of the shell, triangular-ovate ; pillar smooth, undulate at the origin of the canal; beak short, delicate, strongly flexed to the right. Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth half an inch. GASTEROPODA. 237 This shell has the form, size, and armature of Murex noduliferus, Sowerby, which is, however, described as being “elevately trans- versely striated,’ and with a very short canal. Figures 287, 287 a, dorsal and ventral view of the shell. Monoceros imBRicatum (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 118. Encyc. Meth., pl. 396, f.1,a,b. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f.10. Bucconum calcar, Martyns; Univ. Conch., pl. 50. Monoceros breve, SowERBY ; Genera, f. 2. Anima dirty ochreous yellow throughout; foot semi-elliptical, rounded behind, not dilated at anterior angles, and ordinarily ad- vancing beyond the mouth; head with a short neck, bifurcating into two stout subulate tentacles, with the eyes near their tips; mantle folded around the tooth so as to appear perforated; siphon slightly protruded. Obtained at Orange Harbour, in crevices of rocks at half-tide. The short variety, named M. breve by Sowerby, is merely the shorter formed female of Lamarck’s M. imbricatum. [1. P. c.] Figure 288, shell, with the animal as in motion; 2884, the under surface of the foot. TURBINELLA CORNIGERA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 380. Quoy and Gaimarp; Voy. de] Astrol., pl. 35, figs. 24-26. Kener ; Iconog., pl. 1; &e. Anima pale, mottled above with violet; locomotive disk salmon- coloured, more yellowish anteriorly, as are also the mantle and tenta- cles; head concealed, the foot advancing before it: tentacles very long and divergent, with the eyes on a bulbous expansion near their tips. Operculum chestnut-coloured. The figure in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, represents the animal as deep green, and the foot as ash-coloured. ‘he shell is borne aloft by the animal, when moving, in a very peculiar manner. 60 238 MOLLUSCA. Figure 290, shell, with the animal as in crawling; 290 a, disk of the foot. TURBINELLA AMPLUSTRE (KIENER); Iconog. &c., pl. 20, f. 2. Buc- ctnum amplustre, Marryns; Univ. Conch., pl. 3. Murex amplustre, Cuemnitz; Conch., pl. 191, f. 1841. ANIMAL with the head small, compressed ; tentacles short, robust, cylindrical, with the eyes on the summit of an enlargement about mid- way from base. Siphon sub-pyramidal, not dilated at tip. Foot oblong, with a transverse fissure anteriorly, advancing so as to conceal nearly all the head while crawling. Colour dark maroon-red, the mantle somewhat paler, and the body sparsely dotted white; foot beneath, clear cherry-red, paler at the centre. Operculum dark coloured, unguiform. The motions of the animal are sluggish, and when at rest the foot assumes nearly a square form. [J. P. C.] Found alive at Honden Island, Paumotu Group. Figure 289, the animal, with an outline of the shell. TURBINELLA ARMATA (BropERIP), Proceed. Zool. Soc., 1533, p. 7. Reeve; Conch. Icon., pl. 5, f. 29. Animat above pale flesh-colour, finely mottled with purplish ; siphon and locomotive disk salmon-coloured ; eyes on a bulbous expan- sion near tip of tentacles. Operculum yellowish. Shell not carried in so elevated an attitude as in T. cornigera. Found at Honden Island, Paumotu Group. Couthouy. Figure 291, the animal, with the shell, as when crawling. The animals of Turbinella, so far as known, are more or less red, and in some of them the locomotive disk is intensely red. So re- markable is this, that we may almost regard it as a generic character. GASTEROPODA. 239 All of them have a quadrangular outline of the foot, when contracted, and all have long, stout tentacles, with the eyes near their tips, above which the tentacles terminate in a fine point. TRITON VARIEGATUM (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert.,ix.623. K1ENER; Iconog., pl. 2. Murex tritonis, Lin. Anima gamboge-yellow, mottled with blotches of orange; tentacles with two black and two yellow rings near the extremity, the terminal and middle rings being yellow; eyes at the lower third of the tenta- cles; siphon cream-coloured, tinted orange, without blotches; male organ exposed, simple, sword-pointed. Obtained at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. It was first met with at Aratika, one of the Western Paumotus. The fact that the animals of this species, as well as of the two allied species, T'. nodiferum and T. australe, are less brilliantly coloured than the animals of all other species of the genus, and are destitute of ocelli, lunules, or dots, has been noticed by other observers. These circum- stances, together with the great disparity in the size of the shells and the number of their varices in the two groups, would indicate an abso- lute separation; but we are not yet possessed of essential details suffi- cient to institute a new genus. The operculum in the first group has the nucleus subcentral, while in the second group it is nearly terminal, as in Murex. Figure 292, the animal as in motion. TRiron TUBEROSUM (LAMARCK), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 635. Quoy and Gaimarp ; Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 40, f. 18. The colour of the animal, as given by Mr. Drayton, is quite different from that represented in the Zoology of the Astrolabe, where the ground colour is olive, and the siphon the same as that of the body. Found at Lebuka, Feejee Islands. Figure 295, the animal, with the shell in outline. 240 MOLLUSCA. I am satisfied that two species have been confounded under the above name. The true T. tuberosum, is that figured by Lister and Martini, and is a West Indian species. It is short, gibbous, and decidedly waved and nodulous upon the back, with a short rostrum. The other is a Pacific shell, and is figured by Rumphius and Quoy, and by Reeve, asa variety. It is more elongated, with a rostrum of nearly double length, the back is rather wrinkled than nodulous, and the peculiar woven surface, which has obtained for it the name of “bed-tick” shell, among the Dutch, is strongly marked. It has a pale band, always seen by transmitted light within the aperture, and generally well-marked externally also; while the West India speci- mens seem to be destitute of it, and acquire a much greater amount of callus on the margins. I would propose for the elongated Pacific variety (which is found from the Sandwich to the Feejee Islands, and thence to the Moluccas), the name T°. productum. Triron anus (Lamarck), Encycl. Meth., pl. 413, f. 3. Anim. sans Vert., ix. 636. Quoy and Gaimarp; Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 40, f. 6-10. Murex anus, Liy., &c. The locomotive disk of the animal is ornamented with large, pus- tular spots, with the interstices orange ; the anterior edge is tessellated orange and cream-colour; the tentacles are annulate with orange; the sides have similar markings, but much paler. Obtained at Lebuka, Feejee Islands. Figure 293, the locomotive disk of the animal, which, on com- parison, will be found to vary very considerably from that given in the Zoology of the Astrolabe. TRITON DisrorTUM (ScHuBEeRT and WaGNer), Suppl. to Mart. and Chemn., pl. 231, f. 4074. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., ix. 645. KreneER; lconog., pl. 17, f. 2. Anima. of a very pale; fleshy tint; head somewhat fawn-coloured, and tentacles annulate with the same. Foot small and short; head protruding ; siphon rather long. Obtained at the Paumotu Islands. GASTEROPODA. 241 Figure 294, ventral view of the shell, with the animal ; 294 a, profile view of the animal. TRITON CANCELLATUM (Lamarck), Encycl. Meth., pl. 415, f. 1. Anim. sans Vert., ix. 638. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 16, f. 1. Murex Magellanicus, CuEmNitz; Conch., tab. 164, f. 1570. ANIMAL with the head prolonged, proboscidiform ; mouth transverse, under the extremity of the head; tentacles long, robust, compressed, obtuse at the point; eyes small, on an enlargement of the tentacles at their lower fourth. Foot oblong, rounded posteriorly, with a sub- marginal fissure anteriorly, beneath pale flesh-colour. Body pale rose-coloured, clouded with purple, darker at the extremities, tips of tentacles white. Siphon short, violet-coloured, as is the border of the mantle, but the rest of the mantle is pale flesb-coloured, with short, close-set cirrhi fringing its edge. Another specimen is described as of a uniform, pale orange-colour ; tentacles clear yellow beneath and at base ; foot pale yellow, deepening into orange towards the margin. ‘Tentacles rather slender, with the ocular pedicles less developed. Male organ situated on the neck behind the right tentacle; pale flesh-colour, cylindrically compressed, with an elbow at the middle, and pierced by a hole on its lower side. [ia P. €:)] These two forms prove to be respectively the male and female of the same species. It is, therefore, very variable in the proportions of the shell, and in the colours of the animal; and it seems to differ both from the true Tritons of the tropics, and from the Buccinums of the northern temperate and frigid regions. This, with the species of Cape Horn regarded as of the genus Fusus, will ultimately be sepa- rated as a distinct genus. Figure 298, shell, with the animal as in motion, female form; 298 a, male form ; 2984, the male organ ; 298c, plantar disk of the foot. Triton OREGONENSE (Jay), Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist., N. York, iv. 165, pl. 11, f. 2. Fusus Oregonensis, Reeve; Conch. Icon., ple ie, £61", 616. Fusus cancellatus, REEVE; op. cit., pl. 16, f. 62. 61 242 MOLLUSCA. ANIMAL with a very small foot; colour mottled brown, on a pale ground ; sexes separate ; male organ extremely large. Pzckering. The two figures of Mr. Reeve represented the young and adult of the same shell, as is fully shown by the specimens collected by the Expedition. Nor is this shell identical with T. cancellatum, Lamarck, as quoted by Mr. Reeve. It was obtained at Puget Sound, and would seem to be common much farther along the coast to the northwest. It is quite remarkable for the very long epidermal fringe, even on old specimens, which are found five inches in length. ‘RANELLA BUFONIA (GMELIN), Lamarck, Encycl. Meth., pl. 412, f.1,a, b. Anim. sans Vert., 1x. 547. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 7, f. 1. AnimAL cream-colotred, with a few sub-marginal, slate-coloured mottlings, covered with small ocelli, each of which has a vermilion dot. Eyes near the tips of the tentacles, which are very slender. A very large proboscis may be protruded from the mouth. Found at Gardner’s Island, Paumotu Group. Couthouy. Figure 299, animal, with an outline of the shell. RaNELLA GyRiNus (Liv.), Desnayes. Murex gyrinus, Lin., Born, &c. Ranella ranina, Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., 1x. 549, &c. Anima pale wood-colour, mottled with transverse dashes of reddish- brown. Found at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 300, animal as in crawling ; 300 a, plantar disk. RANELLA VEXILLUM (Sowerby), Conch. Illust., pl. 1, £3. Lamarck ; Anim. sans Vert., ix. 554. AnimaL umber-coloured, darkest on the neck, spotted irregularly with white and orange; lateral margin of the foot bordered bright yel- GASTEROPODA. 243 low, just above which is a submarginal, blackish line. Foot oblong, rounded behind, and with a transverse submarginal furrow in front; colour of the disk pale fleshy tint, passing into yellow at the margin. Head prolonged, narrow; with a cup-shaped extremity, within which is the vertical aperture of the mouth, surrounded by the true lips. Tentacles elongate, compressed, obtuse, yellowish-brown at base and summit, with a dark spot between the eyes and tip; eyes on an enlarge- ment at their lower third. Siphon short, slightly protruding. [(s. Pic.j] Found at Orange Harbour, Tierra del Fuego. Figure 301, the animal, with the shell, as in motion; 301 a, disk of the foot ; 301 4, animal of the variety. RANELLA VENTRICOSA (BropERIP), Proceed. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, 178. Desuayes; ed. Lam. An. sans Vert., ix. 555. Kuener, Sow- ERBY, &c. Anima ochreous, marbled with bronze-green; plantar surface paler, slightly mottled. Siphon large, widely expanded at the extremity, which is not truncate. Eyes about the middle of the tentacles, the terminal portion of the tentacles annulated with white at the middle and tip. From the mouth an enormous trompe, nearly as long as the foot, is protruded, which is trumpet-shaped at its extremity, within which is a finger-like process, through which the canal opens. Verge enormous. [J. P. c.] The animal is more like that of some Purpure, than like that of true Ranella. It is in all respects like that of P. chocolatta, and the shells have the same posterior, pleurotomoid emargination of the lip, the broad-spread siphon, and the same form of tentacles, and the mouth is vertical, situated at the bottom of a cup formed by the lip of the proboscis, the upper portion of which may be extended like a hood. The tentacles of the latter species are very badly represented in the Voyage of the Bonite. Figure 302, the animal, as in motion, with the shell in outline; 302 a, the verge in outline. Q44 MOLLUSCA. Purpura ostTrINA (Gould). Testa parva, solida, rudis rotundato-ovata, patula, exalbida, purpuras- cens, interdum fasciis geminatis rubidis cincta: spira brevis, conica, anfractibus quatuor vel quinque obtuse angulatis, convexis ; ultimo amplissimo, ventricoso: apertura rotundato-ovalis, livido-tincta ; labro simplict, patente ; columella excavato-planulata ; sinu siphonali angusto, minime profundo, breve. SHELL small, solid, broad-ovate, purplish, banded with brown lines, generally in pairs, faintly marked with the lines of growth, and some- times with obtuse revolving ribs. Whorls four or five, obtusely angular posteriorly, convex, the last comprising most of the shell, very broad-ovate. Aperture large, patulous, oval; outer lip expanding, stnooth, simple; pillar broadly flattened, regularly arcuate, chestnut- coloured ; aperture livid chestnut, paler near lip. Length nearly one inch; breadth three-fifths of an inch. Obtained at Killimook, Oregon. One of the lapilloid species, but distinguished by its somewhat smooth surface, its coloration, and more especially by its peculiarly large and patulous aperture and flattened columella. Figure 310, ventral view of the shell; 310 a, dorsal view of a faintly girdled specimen. Purpura T&NIATA (Powis), Proceed. Zool. Soc., Lond. 1835, 96. Buccinum teniatum, ReeEve; Conch. Icon., pl. 10, f. 78. ANrMaL with the head, lower part of tentacles and siphon, and ante- rior edge of the foot, a very rich purplish-brown; tentacles rather stout, compressed horizontally, eyes at the superior third, above which the tentacles are colourless and taper to the extremity; mantle finely incised at the edge; foot cream-coloured, with paler veins, and a longi- tudinal median furrow. Operculum large, long, oval, reddish-brown, arranged in nearly parallel elements. [3. P. c.] GASTEROPODA. 245 The animal is extremely sluggish and timid. It in all respects re- sembles the animal of Purpura, except that the foot is bilobate in front, and somewhat attenuated posteriorly. [J. p.c.] Found at Honden Island, Paumotu Group. Figure 309, the animal, with the shell, viewed from beneath ; 309 a, operculum. PURPURA ARMIGERA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 73. REEVE; Conch. Icon., pl. 6, f. 27. A variety of this shell with three or four rows of large conical or pyramidal protuberances, was found on the reefs at Raraka, Honden, King’s and Carlshoff Islands, Paumotu Group. ANIMAL with the body umber-coloured, paler towards the neck and veined with dark lines, so as to give it a tessellated appearance. Siphon large and long, ash-coloured above, paler beneath; tentacles variegated pale-brown and cinereous as far as the eyes, which are near the extremities, above which is a band of umber, and colourless tip. Foot distinctly auriculate, pale ochreous, the surface reticulated with white veins, and finely incised at the margin; mantle pale ochreous, mottled with cinereous and margined black, with indentations corre- sponding to those of the lip of the shell. Operculum chestnut-brown, darker at centre, elements loosely attached. Movements of the animal very active, the two halves of the foot advancing alternately. PURPURA SCOBINA (Quoy and Gatm.), Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 38, f. 12, 13. Krener; Iconog., pl. 35, f. 83. DesHayes; ed. Anim. sans Vert., x. 113. SHELL instead of being girded with one or two nodulous carine, with the laminz in the intervals, as if raised up by the oblique prick of a pin, thus making a rasp-like surface, is sometimes found divested 62 246 MOLLUSCA. of all these, and the only variation of the surface is a series of zones of dirty brown and dead yellowish-white; but the aperture is always of the same chocolate-colour, and the outer lip always has a cream- coloured margin. Inhabits New Zealand. Purpura succincTa (Martyns), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 63. Buccinum orbita, CHEMN.; tab. 154, f. 1471-72. Purpura orbita, Sowersy ; Genera, f. 2. AnimaL above deep-orange, shaded with dusky; foot beneath, pale cream-colour; head and tentacles large, pale, with transverse cres- centic lineations; siphon pale, tipped and margined red. Figure 1 of Plate 31, of the Voyage of the Astrolabe, is probably intended for the same species, but the colour is there represented of a uniform dusky brown. Pourrura eLoNncaTA (BuatnvitLe), Nouv. Ann. du Mus,, i. 221, pl. 10, f. 11. Purpura fenestrata, Quoy and Gaim.; Voy. de |’ Astrol., pl. 37, f. 15,16. Desnayes; in Anim. sans Vert., x. 90. ANIMAL pea-green, bedewed with grass-green points, darkest above, but not so distinctly pointed ; tentacles proportionally long. Found at Metia or Aurora Island, Paumotu Group. Figure 304, locomotive surface of the animal; 304 a, animal, with the shell, as in motion. Purpura vioLacea (Ktener), Iconog., pl. 19, f. 57. Pyrula nere- toidea, Lamarck. Purpura nerttoidea, Quoy and Gaim.; Voy. de l’Astrol, pl. 38, f. 22-24. Anim. sans Vert. ix. 519. Anat above bright reddish-viclet, the mantle coloured like the aperture of the shell; surface of the foot, siphon and tentacles cream- GASTEROPODA. 247 coloured, faintly tinted violet ; tentacles very large, the eyes large and nearest the tips. Obtained at the Feejee Islands. Figure 306, foot of the animal, with an outline of the shell. RicinvLA TUBERCULATA (BLatNnvILLE), Nouv. Ann. du Mus., plo; f.3. Reerve; Conch. Icon., pl. 2, f. 11. ANIMAL deep grass-green, with the mantle, locomotive disk, tenta- cles and siphon light sea-green finely dotted with white; foot narrow, elongated, slightly auriculate in front, with a nearly colourless longi- tudinal furrow ; eyes near the upper third of the tentacles, hardly per- ceptible, above which the tentacles are colourless; siphon somewhat dilated at extremity. In motion, the lateral halves of the disk seemed to be advanced alternately. Found abundantly at Honden Island and Clermont Tonnere, Pau- motu Islands. [s. P. c. ] RicinvLA HORRIDA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 47. REEVE; Conch. Icon., pl. 1, f. 3. The animal of a variety common at Clermont Tonnere, differs a little from that figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe. The foot is pale green, passing into yellowish anteriorly, sprinkled with white dots, and deep grass-green at the sides; edge apparently crenulate. Tentacles white, except a ring of brown above the eyes; siphon dull green, mottled purple; mantle purple, mottled white; edges sinuous. Operculum dark chestnut-colour, projecting a little beyond the foot. (ee RicinuLA ARACHNOIDES (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 49. REEVE; Conch. Icon., f. 5. ANIMAL with a mottled edging of deep grass-green, nearly vittate at 248 MOLLUSCA. the edge, the part enclosed being dotted. The under surface of the foot is figured in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, pl. 39, f. 17-19. Inhabits the Paumotu Islands, generally. Figure 307, the animal, in the posture of motion. RicinvuLa CLATHRATA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert.,x.49. RrEVE; Conch. Icon., f. 9. Animat pale beneath, above greenish cinereous, with a marginal dotting of brown. ‘Tentacles annulate with brown at the tips. Inhabits Raraka, and others of the Paumotu Islands. Figure 308, the animal, as in crawling. Several other animals of Purpura and Ricinula were figured, but it is so difficult to decide upon the shells to which they belong, that it has been thought best to omit them. It is worthy of remark, how- ever, that in the Ricinuloid species, the colours green and violet enter largely, while in the typical Purpure, bright currant-red with pale blue is more characteristic. Ricinula seems to be especially a native of the low coral islands. PLEUROTOMA SEMINIFERA (Gould). Testa subulato-turrita, fuscescens, filts deorsum crescentibus cincta: spira anfractibus ad duodecim, juata suturam carinatis, deinde excavatis, ad medium nodulis obliquis rubris ornatis: apertura angusta, trientes duos longitudinis teste adequans ; cauda brevi ; sinu aque lata ac pro- funda ; columella rectiuscula ; fauce hvida. Pleurotoma seminifera, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 140. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 63. SHELL subulate turreted, of a dusky brownish colour, excepting on the ribs, where it is bright red; surface covered with delicate, re- GASTEROPODA. 249 volving threads, becoming larger as they approach the base. Whorls twelve, having a delicate raised line bordering the suture, followed by a concavely excavated canal, then a series of oblique, tubercular folds at the middle not reaching the suture below: aperture one-third the length of the shell, narrow: rostrum short, slightly recurved; notch about as deep as broad, opposed to a conspicuous callus on the left lip ; pillar nearly straight, pale purplish-brown; interior livid. Length an inch and three-eighths ; breadth three-eighths of an inch. Habitat unknown; obtained by Lieut. Walker. Closely allied to P. tnterrupta, Lamarck, but differing from the figures in colour, and from the description in having a more decidedly excavated girdle in front of the suture, in the greater obliquity of the folds, and in their not reaching to the suture below. Figures 312, 312 a, two views of the shell. PLevROTOMA TIGRINA (LAmaRck), Anim. sans Vert., ix. 352. KIENER; Iconog., pl. 8, f. 1. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 3. Foot oval, the anterior angles dilated; beneath violaceous, mottled with small, deep violet spots; above pale, with scattered lilac and orange mottlings. Operculum not near the tip of the foot. The rostrum is conical and cleft vertically at the end; the tentacles are small, subulate, coming off behind the termination of the snout, and having the eyes at the distal third, without a distinct pedicle. Motions moderate. Habitat, Upolu, Samoa Islands. Drayton. Quoy gives the animal of P. Babylonica, as having the eyes at the outer base of the tentacles, and the rostrum as abrupt and cleft below. The description was probably made out from a contracted specimen. Figure 311, the animal as in crawling; 311, the locomotive disk. 63 250 MOLLUSCA. MANGELIA CITHARA (Gould). Testa parva, rhomboideo-fusiformis, cinerea, costis acutis longitudina- libus sepltem instructa, interstitiis concavis, subtihter transversim slriatis: spira turrita, anfractibus septem bené discretis, ultimo ovato- triangulart trientes duos longitudinis testa adequante: apertura an- gusta ; labro lato, varicoso, postice rectangular vix sinuato ; columella concinne TUGOSA. Mangela cithara, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 140. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 63. SHELL minute, rhomboid-fusiform, ashy-white, with about seven elevated, acute, longitudinal folds; the intervening spaces concave and minutely striated spirally. Spire turreted, whorls seven, decidedly separated by an impressed suture, apex acute; last whorl two-thirds the length of the shell, somewhat triangular-ovate. Aperture half the length of the shell, very narrow ; lip formed by one of the ribs, flat and broad, forming a right angle posteriorly, with scarcely anything like an emargination ; pillar finely wrinkled. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth three-twentieths. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. This shell is much like M. Hornbeck, a West Indian species, but it has a much narrower aperture, fewer ribs, and the last whorl shorter. M. pessudata has also many more ribs, and is much less acuminated anteriorly. Figures 313, 313. a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 313, natura! size. TEREBRA CRENULATA (Lin.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 239. Sowerby ; Thesaur. Conch., pl. 41, f. 18, 19. Anima lemon-yellow. GASTEROPODA. 251 Figure 314, the animal as in motion; 314.@, locomotive disk ; 314 3, front view of the animal. TeREBRA DimipiaTa (Liv.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 240. Sowerby; Thesaur. Conch., pl. 41, f. 7, 8. Anat lemon-yellow, scarcely to be distinguished from the pre- ceding. Operculum orange. TEREBRA BABYLONTA (Lamarck), Encyc. Meth., pl. 402, f.5. Anim. sans Vert., x. 243. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 14, f. 39. ANIMAL orange-coloured. Figure 315, the animal as in motion. TEREBRA LEvicaTA (Gray), Sowersy; Thesaur. Conch., pl. 44, f. 93. Anat pale slate-colour, with lemon-coloured reflections. Figure 316, the animal as in motion. TEREBRA SUBULATA (Liy.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 242. Sowerby; Thesaur. Conch., f. 16, 38, 39. ANIMAL “transparent creamy white.” [3. P. c.] Figure 317, the animal as in motion. TEREBRA CERULESCENS (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 245. Kiener ; Iconog., pl. 67, f. 12. AntmaL pearly white or faintly bluish ; foot much more expanded than in the other species. Operculum very small, lemon-coloured. 252 MOLLUSC A. Figure 318, the animal as in motion. From the above animals, we may very well deduce the characters of the mollusk of this genus. Animax having an expanded foot, nearly as broad as long, escut- cheon-shaped, the anterior angles a little dilated, obtuse posteriorly, the lateral edges delicately undulate. Siphon very long; head very small, with very short tentacles, bearing the eyes at the tip; mouth concealed between the head and foot, which latter advances before the head about as much as it extends behind it, and rises into the shell on quite a stout pedicle. Colours all pale watery-white, without variegation, or merely tinted orange, bluish, or cream-colour. BuccinuM VELATUM (Gould). Testa solida, ovato-lanceolata, levis, polita, ivido-violacea, altido-reticu- lata, versus lubrum pallescens, et lineolis rubiginosis cincta: sptra acuto-conica, anfractibus septem ad octo convexiusculis, serie suturali gemmularum coronatis, ultimo trientes duos longitudinis teste ade- quante et ad basim spiralter striato: apertura ovals, postice canali- culata; labro acuto, extrorsum incrassato, intus decem-sulcato ; sini stphonali obliquo, profundo, castaneo-tincto. Buccii:um (Bullia?) velatum, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 151. June 1850. Suet solid, smooth and polished, oblong-ovate, somewhat pyrami- dal, with four or five revolving basal striae, and a sutural delicate circlet of papille. Colour a slaty, livid violet, or pale plum-colour, with an underlying network of white points arranged in quincunx, only perceptible on careful observation ; the sutural vitta is paler, the indented portions only being dark ; the region approaching the lip also grows paler, and is marked by numerous rusty-coloured, revolving lines; this portion is also plaited; spire elongated, whorls seven or eizht, very slightly convex, the last one two-thirds the length of the shell, enlarging nearly to the base: aperture less than half the GASTEROPODA. 25a length of the shell, rounded elliptic, with a well-marked callus and narrow channel posteriorly ; outer lip roundly arcuated, within ten- sulcate, columella concavely arched; siphonal constriction not deep, notch oblique, short, edge chestnut ; interior bluish-white. Length one inch; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Mindanao, Philippine Islands. This may be compared with Buccenwm vittatum, but is smaller, and proportionally shorter. Its aperture has the posterior callus, and small, closed, siphonal notch of Nassa. The sutural vitta is very delicate ; and its peculiar coloration, especially its pale lace-like reticu- lation, is quite distinctive. Figures 319, 319, dorsal and ventral views of the shell. BucctnuM FUNEREUM (Gould). Testa elongata, ovato-conica, lurido-cinerea, striis tenuibus cincta: spira turrita, anfractibus sex ad septem superné excavatis, inferné plicis longitudinalibus undatis : apertura angusta, ovalis, dimidiam longitu- dinis teste adequans ; labro simplici, postice emarginato ; columella rectiuscula ; fauce hepatica. Buccinum funereum, Gout; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iil. 152. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 50. SHELL small, elongate, turreted, ovate-conic, cinereous when dry, smoky-brown when wet, surface with very indistinct revolving lines ; each whorl is divided into two portions, an upper third, which is simple and slightly concave, and two lower thirds, occupied by raised, rib- like, longitudinal folds, terminating very abruptly, so as to look like an angle of nodules, when viewed posteriorly ; the interspaces about equal to the raised portions. Whorls six or seven, the last one two-thirds the length of the shell; aperture half as long as the shell, narrow oval; lip emarginate, effuse, and incurved posteriorly, sharp and simple; pillar smooth, but little curved ; interior liver-brown. Length one inch; breadth half an inch. 64 254 MOLL USC A. Inhabits New Zealand. Another of the peculiar group of liver-coloured Buccina from Aus- tralia, which seem to have a loose, porous, ash-coloured, superficial layer, with a posterior notch to the aperture (Tritonzum?). It is well marked by the excavated constriction near the suture, and the coro- nated appearance produced by the termination of the folds at the middle of the whorls. Figures 320, 320 a, two views of the shell. Buccinum Fossatum (Gould ). Testa tenuis, ovata, ventricosa, rufo-cinerea, annulis et sulcis subequah- bus cincta: spira conica, anfractibus septem convexis, supernis cla- thratis, ultimo ventricoso, postice declivi et oblique fluctuato: anticé brevissimé rostrato ; rostro canal valde effosso cincto: apertura lata, ovato-quadrata ; labro valde arcuato; columella obliqué hrata et callo tenut induta. Buccinum fossatum, Gouin; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 152. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 67. Suet broad-ovate, elongated, thin, livid, ash-coloured, encircled throughout with raised ridges, of a deeper colour, interspaces of about equal width. On the upper whorls these ridges are formed into coarse granules by longitudinal folds about equally distant, but more shallow. On the upper slope of the last whorl, in some specimens, these are increased so as to become conspicuous, very oblique waves or nodules, terminating at the middle of the whorl. Spire of seven convex whorls, the last of which is ventricose, and has the usually constricted, posterior groove encircling the beak, excavated into a broad, remarkably deep canal; suture linear. Aperture broad, quadrate- ovate ; lip sharp, simple, oblique posteriorly, parallel to the axis laterally and perpendicular to it at base, thus forming an obtuse angle at the posterior third, and a right angle at its anterior limit, which is a little in advance of the point of the beak; siphonal notch broad, short, scarcely reflexed ; pillar covered with a thin layer of enamel, but in general not enough to obliterate the groove and ridges, so that it GASTEROPODA. 255 appears corrugated throughout. In old specimens, the callus rises into an elevated marginal wall, with oblique folds and a canal at the angle posteriorly ; interior of the aperture with sharp, raised revolving lines. Length an inch and a quarter; breadth four-fifths of an inch. Obtained at Puget Sound, at the mouth of the Columbia River, and at San Diego, California. Its thin structure, ventricose form, the very oblique folds on the upper part of the large whorl, and the remarkable channel around the base of the siphonal notch, are its chief characters. It belongs to the same group as UN. trivittata, Say. On some specimens a fine thread intervenes between the broader rings. Figures 321, 321 a, dorsal and ventral view of the shell. BuccinuM FaRinosuM (Gould). Testa parva, solida, rhomboidea, lutescens rufo cincta, spiraliter granu- lato-filosa, longitudinahter undato-plicata, plicis ad octo acutis demum numerosis et prope labrum acutum in varicem terminantibus : spira brevis, conica, anfractibus sex convexis, ultimo acuminato, reflexo: apertura angusta, lunata; labro intus sex-plicata ; columella rugoso- granulosa, callosa ; fauce alba. Suett small, short, rhomboid-ovate, longitudinally undate-plicate ; folds about eight, rather distant and compressed, sharp on the upper whorls, becoming delicate and numerous on the last whorl, where there is a large abrupt varix at some distance from the lip, and gra- dually sloping towards it. ‘Transversely the shell is surrounded with regularly spaced, elevated threads, about five on the upper whorls, the whole dotted by lines of growth. Colour yellowish, with indistinct, dusky bands, formed by the interspaces of the revolving lines being coloured when they pass the folds, and quite distinct on the varix ; spire short-conic. Whorls six, convex, the last one two-thirds the length of the shell, sloping forwards about equally with the spire, and forming a somewhat elongated, flexed beak. Aperture very narrow- 256 MOLLUSCA. lunate; lip sharp, slightly curved, having six sharp plaits within; pillar granular-rugose, covered with callus; mouth white. Length five-eighths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch; length of the aperture three-tenths of an inch. Found at Kauai, Sandwich Islands. This little muriciform species is quite pretty. It belongs to Mr. Gray’s genus Pollia. Figures 313, 313 a, two views of the shell. Nassa mustiva (Gould). Testa solida, ovato-conica, polita, albido et olivaceo marmorata, coloribus in maculis quadratis tessellatim dispositis: spira conica, anfractibus sex ad septem convexis, bene discretis, ultimo trientes duos longitudinis testa, prope labrum pallidiort, longitudinaliter plicato et lineolis oliva- ceis cincto: apertura dimidiam longitudinis teste, ovalis, postice cana- liculata ; columella valde arcuata, oblique sulcatd ; labro intus sulcato, sulcis fuscatis. Nassa musiva, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 153. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 68. SHELL ovate, elongated, apex acuminated, solid, highly polished and shining, absolutely destitute of stric, except two linear, revolving grooves around the siphonal notch, and four or five longitudinal folds just behind the lip; the three apicial whorls also are plaited. Colour clouded white and olivaceous, the clouding composed of minute quad- rate spots arranged in revolving series, in some parts articulated, the several series distinctly bounded by olivaceous threads, especially towards the aperture, where the general colouring is also paler, and the whole resembling fine mosaic work. Whorls six to seven, rather ventricose, forming a very narrow shoulder at the suture, which is deeply impressed ; the last whorl three-fourths the length of the shell. Aperture half the area of the shell, oval, the outer lip somewhat in- cumbent posteriorly, so as to form a posterior fissure at the angle, GASTEROPODA. 257 sharp, anteriorly sulcated, the depressed portions dark livid, except near the edge; pillar lip strongly arcuated at its central portion, having a distinct, revolving lamina posteriorly, and elongated granules ante- riorly ; siphonal notch deep, narrow, oblique ; anterior portion of the pillar-lip well covered with appressed, rounded callus. Length four-fifths of an inch; breadth nine-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the Cape de Verd Islands. This is one of the most beautiful species of the genus, and is well characterized by its polished surface, and its clouding of white and olive, made up of little quadrate spots, arranged in encircling series resembling mosaic. It may be B. pictum, Dunker. Figures 324, 3244, two views of the shell. Nassa Luripa (Gould). Testa solida, conico-ovata, levis, livido-cinerea allndo-variegata: spira conica, acuta, turrita, anfractibus septem ad octo convexiuscults, superné tabulatis et ad angulum crenato-nodosis, apicalibus plicatts, ultimo antice suleis tribus ad quatuor cincto et pone labrum plicato ; suturad canaliculata: apertura dimidiam longitudinis teste, ovals, postice emarginata ; columella posticé lamellifera, anticée dentiferd ; labro acuto, albo, extus incrassato, intus sulcato ; canal stphonalt pro- Sundo. Nassa lurida, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., il, NSS} January 1850. Expedition Shells, 68. SHELL solid, ovate-turreted, smooth, and shining, the upper whorls longitudinally plaited and somewhat crenulate at the posterior margins, or rather nodulous on the larger whorls, also with four or five acute folds behind the lip, and about three or four revolving grooves around the siphonal notch. Colour greenish-ash, finely freckled with white, the nodules white and the spaces between them darker, sometimes decidedly blackish ; approaching the lip it gradually becomes white, as does also the siphonal region. Whorls seven or eight, distinctly shoul- 65 258 MOLLUSCA. dered above, the upper ones nearly plane, the last subglobose two- thirds the length of the shell; suture canaliculate. Aperture half the length of the shell, oval; lip sharp, regularly arched; pillar margin moderately arcuated, with a sharp lamina posteriorly near the angle, and the remainder finely and irregularly folded, terminating at the notch in a thin, sharp, ascending tooth; siphonal notch very deep, oblique, the left margin produced into a thin delicate lamina; interior sulcated, dusky in the channels, except near margin; callus scanty, not appressed. Length seven-tenths of an inch; breadth three-eighths of an mch. Inhabits Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. This species resembles N. musiva, in surface and colour, but the spire is longer and more turreted, and there is merely a mottling of colours, without any definite arrangement. ‘The specimens actually obtained by the Expedition are of the size represented with the animal, but they appear to be identical with larger specimens in my own cabinet. Figure 325, ventral view of the shell; 325 a, the animal, with the shell, as in crawling ; 325 4, the animal, from beneath. Nassa curta (Gould ). T. abbreviata, ovato-conica, lutescens interdum rufo subfasciata, sub- spinosa, longitudinaliter plicata ; plicis ad tredecim tenuibus, acutis, liris conspicuis decussatis: spira conica, anfractibus sex convexius- cults ; ultimo globoso octantes quinque longitudinis teste adequante : apertura rotundato-ovalis ; labro crenulato, intus sulcato, extrorsum incrassato ; columella callo copioso granuloso induta ; sinu siphonah angusto, profundo. Nassa curta, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 153. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 69. SHELL small, rather thin, short, ovate-conic, folded throughout with about thirteen sharp, moderately elevated, longitudinal folds, decus- GASTEROPODA. 259 sated by crowded, elevated threads, not interrupted as they pass the folds, about five on the penultimate whorl; some of these, generally one next the suture, and one about the middle of the last whorl], being larger than the others, are rendered somewhat spinous. Colour ashy- white, the interspaces of the revolving lines rusty-brown, and some- times banded by an occasional still darker lme. Spire short, conic ; whorls six, the upper ones nearly flat, the last large, globose, five- eighths the length of the shell. Aperture half the length of the shell, broad-oval, channeled posteriorly; lip thickened, crenulate, sulcate within to the edge; pillar strongly arcuated, with a retral lamina, elsewhere finely granulate, corrugate, extensively but not thickly covered with callus; siphonal constriction very deep, region white, notch very narrow, throat white. Length nine-twentieths of an inch; breadth eight-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the Samoa Islands. Remarkable for its broad, abbreviated form. In some of its charac- ters it is allied to N. murzcata, but its surface has much more nume- rous and more delicate asperities. Some specimens are distorted and still more finely sculptured, losing in a great degree the longitudinal folds. Bucc. scabrum, Dunker, must be like it, but is described as larger, more solid, and slender. Figures 326, 326 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 326 0, natural size ; 326c, aperture, enlarged. NASSA CINCTELLA (Could). T. solida, ovato-conica, nitida, albida linea unica rufa cincta, plicis lon- gitudinalibus acutis ad decem et striis volventibus ad octo decussata: spira conica, anfractibus septem planiusculis angusté tabulatis, ultimo subgloboso trientes duos longitudinis teste adequante: apertura an- gusta, ovalis, dimidiam longitudinis teste haud equans: labro crenu- lato, extus tncrassato, intus septem-sulcato ; columelle callo haud ap- presso, concinneé rugoso ; incisura stphonali angusta, profunda. 260 MOLLUSCA. Nassa cinctella, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 154. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 69. SHELL minute, solid, shining, short ovate-conic, apex entire, yel- lowish-white, with a single brown thread on the middle of the last whorl, which appears along the suture on the other whorls; lip pur- plish. Surface with distant, elevated, somewhat compressed longitu- dinal rib-folds, about ten on the last whorl, reaching to the siphonal constriction, which is well-marked; these are crossed by crowded, im- pressed lines, about eight on the penultimate whorl, the one around the middle of the last whorl, which is coloured, being a little more prominent than the rest, causing the whorl to be a little angular. Spire conical, whorls about seven, flat, decidedly shouldered above, the last two-thirds the length of the shell, subglobose. Aperture less than one-half the length of the shell, small, oval; outer lip much thickened externally, crenulated by the revolving lines, with seven or eight pro- minent sulci within ; columella with a prominent, posterior lamina, and minute corrugations in front; callus not copious, not appressed ; inte- rior white (or perhaps croceous), the dark vitta appearing within. Length seven-tweutieths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. From the Pacific Islands. This very pretty shell is well marked by its short, conical form, its few prominent ribs, shouldered whorls, and thread-like vitta. It accords well with Bucc. Jonasit, Dunker, except that one of the prin- cipal characters of that shell is to have the interior of the lp smooth. Figures 327, 327 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 327 4, natural sIze. Nassa casta (Gould). Testa tenuis, lanceolata, vitrea, alba fuscis rubiginosis binis cincta, longitrorsum costato-plicata ; plicis ad quatuordecim, striis remotis vol- ventibus decussantibus: spira acuto-conica, anfractibus octo convexius- culis, apicalibus politis, ultimo quadrantes tres longitudinis testa fere GASTEROPODA. 261 adequante: apertura elliptica; labro acuto, intus undecim-striato ; columella callosa, concinné corrugata ; sinu siphonali amplo. Nassa casta, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ui. 154. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 69. SHELL small, thin, vitreous in lustre, ovate-conic, apex acuminate ; white, with two rusty bands, one around the middle of the last whorl, and one near the suture, the colour only appearing in the intervals of the ribs. Surface with about fourteen longitudinal, compressed rib- folds, extending to the base, crossed by revolving lines, which are suffi- ciently apparent about the base and at tip, but are only faintly marked between the folds elsewhere. Whorls eight (the three apicial ones smooth and vitreous), slightly convex, the last three-fifths the length of the shell; siphonal constriction scarcely apparent. Aperture half the length of the shell, elliptical ; lip regularly arcuated, with eleven sharp strie within; pillar lip deeply concave, finely corrugated, with a pro- minent lamina posteriorly ; siphonal notch rather large ; fauces white. Length two-fifths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Pacific Islands. This elongated, glistening shell has no one with which it may be well compared. It is a little like Bucc. macula, in size and form, but in other respects it is more like B. Cuvierz. Figures 328, 328 a, dorsal and ventral views of the shell, enlarged ; 328 b, natural size. Nassa Actnosa (Gould). T.. solida, ventricosa, ovata, lutescens cinereo obscure fasciata, papillis ¢ sulcis volventibus et longitudinalibus equé remotis ubique obsita, serie sutural maori: spira conica, anfractibus ad octo plants, dechvibus, superné tabulatis, ultimo magno, ventricoso: apertura parva, angusta ; labro acuto posticé sinuato, intus quinque ad sex-sulcato ; columella valde concava, callo tenui induta ; postice lamelligera, regione siphonali plano, albo, sinu amplo, profundo ; fauce fusco-fasciata. 66 262 MOLLUSCA. Nassa acinosa, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 154. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 69. SuHett of medium size, rather thin, broad-ovate, apex acute, of an ashy-white, indistinctly banded with slate-colour. Surface decussated with sharp, longitudinal, and revolving ribs, about equally spaced each way, thus forming ranges of acute papille of uniform size, except the upper range, which is larger, three on the upper and eight on the lower whorl. Spire short conic, whorls seven or eight, the upper ones not convex, distinctly shouldered, the last one large and ventricose, comprising the greater part of the shell. Aperture one-half the length of the shell, small, narrow; lip thick behind, acute-edged, slightly arcuate, with five or six folds within; pillar strongly arcuate at the middle, with a prominent ]amina and distinct canal posteriorly ; callus thin, not appressed; the siphonal region is white and without a con- spicuous constriction: notch very ample; interior with a central and basal dark band. Length seven-tenths of an inch ; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Habitat unknown. Differs from the shell given by Kiener as young B. marginulatum by its more ventricose form, much coarser sculpture, less elongated spire, and the presence of the posterior lamina on the pillar. It may be compared with Bucc. Grunert, Dunker. Figures 329, 329 a, two views of the shell, enlarged ; 329 0, natural size. Nassa PAUPERA (Gould). T. parva, solida, ovato-lanceolata, albida lined rufa unica cincta, longi- trorsum octodecim-costulata, et liris continuis cincta: spira acuto- conica, anfractibus sex ad septem ventricosis, ultimo brevt, subgloboso ; sutura profunda: apertura parva, subcircularis, trientem longitudinis teste adequans ; labro arcuato, intus decem-striato ; columella anticé producta, callo granuloso haud appresso parce induta. GASTEROPODA. 263 Nassa paupera, Gouty; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 155. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 70. SHELL minute, thin, elongate, conic-ovate, dingy-white, with a single brown thread on the middle of the last whorl, following the suture on the other whorls: surface with longitudinal rib-undulations, about eighteen on the last whorl, crossed by raised, revolving threads, about five on the upper and ten on the lower whorls, which are less eminent as they cross the ribs. Whorls six or seven, ventricose, the last short, and only about half the length of the shell; siphonal con- striction not deeply impressed, suture deep. Aperture proportionally small, about one-third the length of the shell, subcircular ; lip regu- larly arcuate, with nine or ten fine lamin within; callus on the ante- rior part of the column, not appressed, minutely granular, prolonged at the siphonal notch. Length three-eighths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Pacific Islands. Much resembling Buce. coccinella, but smatler, less ponderous, more slender, the last whorl proportionally larger, the ribs less numerous, but the revolving lines more so. Figures 330, 330, two views of the shell, enlarged ; 3304, natural size. Nass MENDICA (Gould). Testa parva, rudis, solidula, elongata, rufo-cinerea, longitrorsum undato- plicata, spiraliter crebré lirata, epidermide tenui lutoso induta: spira elongata, anfractibus sex ad septem ventricosis, ultimo ellipsordeo, dimidiam longitudinis teste superante: apertura parva, alba, ovata ; labro simplici, vix crenulato, intus decem-laminato ; columella pro- ductd, arcuata, vix callosa; sinu siphonah amplo. Nassa mendica, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 155. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 70. 264 MOLLUSCA. SHELL small, rather light, elongated, ovate-turreted, dull brown, becoming ash-coloured when dry, longitudinally undate-plicate, spi- rally encircled with raised threads, with equal interspaces, about seven on the penultimate whorl, the depressed portions darker than the raised. Spire elongate-conic, this form being continued nearly to the base. Whorls six or seven, convex, the last a little more than half the length of the shell, ellipsoidal ; constriction around the siphonal canal well-impressed ; this groove broad, short, a little reflexed and some- what contorted. Aperture small, not more than one-third the length of the shell, rounded-ovate ; lip sharp and simple, having a series of about ten lamine within, not reaching the edge: pillar strongly arched, smooth, slightly invested with an ivory callus, the point projecting as far as the lip does anteriorly ; fauces white, the siphonal notch tinted salmon-coloured. Length four-fifths of an inch; breadth two-fifths of an inch. Inhabits Nisqually, Port Discovery, &c., Puget Sound. Pzckering. A somewhat rude shell, very variable in its surface, being the Pacific analogue of N. ¢rivittata, Say. It is more solid, more undu- lated, less shouldered, its pillar lip more protracted, and its aperture smaller. It is also closely allied to N. perpinguis, Hinds, from the California coast, though differing essentially from his description and figure, which represent that shell as much larger, the surface less uneven, and the last whorl very much larger proportionally. Figures 331, 331 a, two views of the shell, natural size. Nassa RuBRICATA (Gould). Testa parva, elongata, ovata, granulata, eidermide fulvo liners inter- ruptis rufis cincto induta, longitrorsum quindecim costato-phcata, plicis ad anfractum ultimum obliquis, versus labrum evanescentibus, et striis impressts decussatis ; stria suturah majori, seriem gemmula- rum efformante: spira acuto-conica, anfractibus sex convexiusculs : apertura dimidiam longitudinis teste haud equans, rotundato-ovata, lactea ; labro intus crenulato ; sinu stphonal mediocrt. GASTEROPODA. 265 Nassa rubricata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 111. 155. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 70. SHELL small, solid, conic-ovate, with about fifteen to twenty longi- tudinal rib-like folds, which become oblique on the last whorl, and gradually shorten until they nearly disappear near the aperture ; these are decussated by threadlike, impressed striew, about five on the upper whorls and ten on the last, besides a deep canal around the siphonal region; the upper stria is generally more deep than the others, and produces a sutural range of gemmules. Whorls six, conico-convex, the last two-thirds the length of the shell, and rather ventricose at base; aperture not quite half the length of the shell, rounded-ovate, pure white; outer lip short-arcuate, with very fine internal sulcations ; pillar lip rounded and polished, callus not abundant; epidermis fawn- coloured, colour pale-yellowish, with the spaces between the strie coloured with reddish-brown bands, generally interrupted as they cross the ribs; siphonal canal short and rather shallow. Length five-eighths of an inch; breadth one-third of an inch. Its habitat is a little uncertain, but probably is the Pacific coast of America. I know not any species with which to compare this, except, per- haps, Bucc. corrugatum, from which it differs in its aperture. Its elongated form, oblique folds on the outer whorl, and its white aper- ture, are its most conspicuous points. When deprived of its epidermis, the revolving fawn-coloured lines interrupted by the ribs give quite a distinctive character. Figures 332, 332 a, two views of the shell, natural size. Nassa LiLactNa (Gould). T. parva, ovato-conica, levigata, llacina: spira acuta, anfractibus septem ad octo convexis, ad suturam crenulatis, supernis plicatis et stris volventibus cinctis ; ultimo dimidiam longitudinis teste ade- quante, bast spiraliter striato: apertura lunata; labro simplict ; sinu stphonah amplo, breve. 67 266 MOLLUSCA. Antmat nearly colourless and transparent, tinted rose-colour. Operculum small, vermilion at the centre and orange-coloured at the margin. SHELL small ovate-conical, polished, of a delicate hlac-colour ; spire conical, whorls seven or eight, convex, crenulated at the suture, the upper ones folded, and the folds intersected by revolving lines, so as to render them granular; the last whorl half the length of the shell, with a few distant, shallow strize surrounding the base; lip simple; columella arcuated, white; siphonal notch sufficiently large, very short. Length two-fifths of an inch; breadth one-eighth of an inch. Found on a coral ledge, at Clermont Tonnerre, Paumotu Islands. Very much like N. durida. The animal is represented as very active, crawling almost as fast as a fly would run. Figure 336, animal, with the shell, in the act of motion ; 336 a, under surface of the foot. Nassa muricata (Quoy), Voy. de ]’Astrol., 450, pl. 32, f. 32, 33. Kiener; Iconog,, f. 110. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 198. Animat pale cream-coloured, with clusters of indigo-blue dots near the margin ; siphon also dotted ; beneath pale-bluish, with linear points along the centre, and a few transverse ones near the border. Figure 333, animal, with the shell, as in motion ; 333 a, locomotive disk. NASSA GRANIFERA (KIENER), Iconog., pl. 27, f. 111. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 196. Animat broad and short, the anterior angles much elongated ; siphon short; colour unspotted drab. GASTEROPODA. 267 Figure 334, the animal, with the shell. The animal of the genus Nassa may be described as follows: Foot elongated, narrowing somewhat backwards, bifid at the tip, and bearing on each of the points an erect cirrhus; anterior angles very much elongated ; head small, tentacles long, and very slender beyond the eyes, which are at their lower third; siphon very long, Margin of the operculum serrated. CoLUMBELLA GAuSaPATa (Gould). T. parva, solidula, elongata, ovato-conica, ad basim spiraliter striata, sub epidermide rudi subrufo concinné rufo-reticulata vel variemodé maculata aut fasciata: spira conico-turrita, anfractibus sex ad septem convexiusculis, ultimo trientes duos longitudinis testa, anticée subito in rostrum brevem angustato ; sutura valde impressa: apertura angusta lunata ; labro simplict, rufo, intus sparsé denticulato. Columbella gausapata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 170. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 71. SHELL small, solid, ovate-turreted, elongated, without striation except a few lines around the beak, smooth, polished, covered with a dense russet-coloured epidermis, having indistinct, paler maculations beneath. Whorls six or seven, nearly flat, the last less than two- thirds the whole length, abruptly sloping to the beak, which is short; suture linear, abrupt, deeply impressed ; aperture one-third the leneth of the shell, narrow-lunate ; lip simple, with a few rib teeth within, both margins deep purplish-brown ; callus on the pillar not abundant; inte- rior pale-lilac. Length half an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch, Inhabits Puget Sound, Oregon. This is an inelegant, very simple species, allied to C. unicolor, and C. castanea. It is more slender and less ventricose than the latter ; the aperture is more narrow, less deep brown, rather a yellow; and its burrowing suture, and rough, woolly epidermis, are sufficiently 268 MOLLUSCA. ~ distinctive. It has much the character and marking of C. Broderipii, Reeve, but is nearly twice as large. On removing the epidermis the surface below is polished, finely reticulated with zigzag, fawn-coloured lines, with sometimes one or two zones of purplish, or of ivory-white lunate spots. Figure 337, ventral view of the shell, enlarged ; 337 a, dorsal view, with the epidermis removed ; 337 4, natural size. CoLUMBELLA VALGA (Gould). T. ovato-lanceolata, sub-distorta, fulvo-marmorata et lineolis crebris rufis cincta, ad apicem rosacea: spira acuminata, anfractibus novem ad decem convexiusculis, supernis longitrorsum tenuiter plicatis, ultimo levi, contracto, ceteris nonconformibus dimidiam longitudinis teste superante ; sutura profundd: apertura angusta, lunata ; labro arcuato acuto, intus sulcato: columella transversim plicata, callosa; sinu stphonali angusto, producto. Columbella valga, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 169. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 71. ANIMAL deep ochreous yellow ; siphon annulated with ochreous. SHELL small, solid, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat gibbous, shining, of a pale fawn-colour, girdled by threadlike chestnut bands, of which there are four or five on the upper whorls; these upper whorls have delicate, longitudinal folds, which appear on the lower whorl, but shghtly at its upper portion; base of the lower whorl with a few re- volving threads. Whorls nine or ten. slightly convex, the penulti- mate whorl large in proportion to the basal whorl, so as to give the shell a gibbous or distorted form; last whorl three-fifths the whole length of the shell, tapering to the base ; rostrum somewhat elongated, recurved ; suture linear, deeply impressed. Aperture narrow, two- fifths the length of the shell; outer lip regularly and slightly arcuated with rib-strie within; pillar margin angular at its upper third, well covered with callus. Length half an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. GASTEROPODA. 269 There is some little doubt about the habitat of this shell; but it is either Brazil or the Samoa Islands. Closely allied to C. avara, Say, in form, size, and ground colour, but readily distinguished by its distorted form, the encircling chestnut lines, and the want of revolving strie between the folds. Figure 338, animal, with the shell, as in motion ; 338 a, profile view of the shell. CoLUMBELLA CasTaNEA (Gould). T. parva, solida, elongata, ovata, levis, castanea vel fascia angusta allida cincta: spira ovato-conica, anfractibus septem convexts, ultimo ovali_trientes duos longitudinis teste superante, ad basim spiraliter striato: apertura ampla, alba; labro recto, postice emarginato, rufo- tincto, intus sub-plicato; columella anticé plicata; sinu siphonah amplo. Columbella castanea, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 170. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 71. SHELL small, solid, smooth, shining, elongated-ovate, pale chestnut- colour, with sometimes a pale girdle about the middle of the last whorl, a few revolving strie about the base, and occasionally a few indistinct ridges about the body of the whorl. Whorls seven, regu- larly convex, the last rather more than two-thirds the length of the shell, tapering to base; upper margin. of the whorls terminating abruptly in a delicate shoulder, dropping isto a deep canaliculate suture. Aperture narrow-ovate; outer lip somewhat sinuous poste- riorly, striated within; columella with a callus rising like a wall; rostrum very short, truncated ; peristome of both margins coloured rich brown ; interior porcelain-white. Length half an inch; breadth three-eighths of an inch. Inhabits Rio Janeiro. Compared with C. wnicolor it is smaller, the aperture is less rotund, and it las a pale cincture. 68 270 MOLLUSCA. Figures 339, 339 a, ventral and dorsal views of the shell, magnified two diameters ; 339 6, natural size. CoLUMBELLA MENDICARIA (LiN.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 272. Sowersy; Genera of Shells, f. 4. Kizner; Iconog., pl. 6, f. 1. Antat above dark reddish-brown, with a few whitish annulations on the siphon, and a yellow stripe on the mantle corresponding to the yellow band on the shell; plantar surface sulphur yellow, greenish at tip and somewhat dotted transversely at the margin. Operculum chestnut-coloured. Figure 341, animal as in crawling ; 341 a, locomotive disk. CoLUMBELLA LiGuULA (Ductos), Monog., pl. 11, f. 11-16. SoweErsy ; Thes. Conch., pl. 38, f. 83-85. AnimaL very pale cream-coloured, with very faint, slate-coloured, submarginal dottings. Figure 342, animal in the posture of motion. The animal of the genus CoLumMBELLA is long and slender, with a long, siphonal tube; foot folding longitudinally, obtusely pointed behind, anteriorly a little dilated, with a transverse marginal fascia ; head small, protruding beyond the foot; tentacles short, subulate, the eyes midway, below which is a dilatation. Operculum none. It is as closely allied to the animal of Mitra as possible, in external form. ‘The foot may be a little more dilated anteriorly, and there is a minute operculum to Mitra, while there is none to Columbella. Conus is equally closely allied. Mirra VITELLINA (Gould). T. lanceolata, solida, dilute aurantia maculis albis fasciata, sulcis linearibus ad quindecim lirata et stris tenuibus crebris cincta ; inter- sectionibus punctatis ; spira elevata, anfractibus octo ad novem planis, GASTEROPODA. PaT/l ultimo octantes quinque longitudinis testa, cylindraceo, antice angus- tato: apertura angusta ; labro recto, simplici ; columella quadri-plicata, sinu stiphonali brevi, viz recurvo. Mitra vitellina, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i. 170. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 72. Suet slender, fusiform, solid, with fine, longitudinal fissures, pretty regularly disposed, and with hair-like, revolving strie#, much more closely arranged, which, in the fissures, are deeply indented, the posterior one being at a considerable distance from the suture, and those about the base being much more deeply sculptured. Colour pale orange, with an imperfect white vitta adjacent to the posterior revolving strie, a second at the anterior third of the last whorl, and with the other parts of the shell, slightly mottled with white, except the sutural portion. Whorls eight or nine, conical, abrupt at the suture, the last about five-eighths the length of the shell, the median portion cylindrical, the basal but slightly constricted. Aperture one- third the length of the shell, longitudinally narrow, lip mostly parallel to the axis, siphonal portion slightly recurved, broad; columella parallel to the lip, with four plaits. Length an inch and three quarters; breadth seven-twentieths of an inch. Habitat uncertain, probably Hast Indies. An elegant species, about the size of M. subu/ata, having the general form and coloration of M. glabra, Sw., and is sculptured more like M. impressa, Reeve. Figure 352, dorsal and ventral views of the shell. Mirra copuina (Gould). T. fusiformis, albida, hris volventibus et liris longitudinalibus altiorthus ulique reticulata ; areolis interceptis profundis : spira turrita, anfrac- tibus novem ad decem planiusculis subtabulatis, ultimo antrorsum in rostrum contortum sulito desinente: apertura angusta, flexuosa, postice obtusa; columella quadri-plicata, plicis antrorsum minoribus. 272 MOLLUSCA. ~ Mitra cophina, Goud; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 171. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 72. SHELL of moderate size, fusiform, slender, dead ashy white, surface longitudinally barred with twenty or more slender, elevated, com- pressed, regularly spaced ribs; the interspaces are also barred with finer, less elevated, and less distant lines (eight on the penultimate whorl), not crossing the long ridges, leaving deeply-excavated, trans- versely quadrate impressions in the intervals; spire turreted, of nine or ten conical whorls, the last five-eighths the length of the shell, ven- tricose at the upper part, but becoming attenuated and forming an elongated, contorted beak, with an oblique, elevated varix near its point. Aperture not half the length of the shell, narrow, a little oblique, poste- rior termination broad and transverse; columella with four folds, the two anterior very small, its wall being an erect lamina to the canal. Length four-fifths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Singapore. Pzckering. The form, size, and colour is like M. suturata, Reeve, but the sculp- ture is quite different, that species having no longitudinal ridges, and the transverse grooves are described as deep and punctured, and the intermediate ridges slightly granose. Figures 355, 355 a, two views of the shell. Mirra rorata (Gould). T. modica, solida, lanceolata, cinerea rubiginoso-marmorata, clathris longitudinahbus quadratis ad triginti et stris tenuibus volventibus de- cussata: spira elevata, anfractibus novem ad decem plants postice an- gulatis ; ultimo cylindraceo anticé sensim attenuato, dimidiam longi- tudinis teste superante: apertura angusta, labro acuto, roseo, tredecim sulculato ; columella quadri-plicata ; rostro lato oblique reflexiusculo ; Sauce incarnata. Mitra rorata, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 171. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 72. GASTEROPODA. 273 wile SHELL of moderate size, lanceolate-fusiform, slender, solid, shining, dull-white, marbled with ferruginous and fawn-coloured blotches, ar- ranged somewhat longitudinally ; surface finely decussated with deli- cate, well-relieved longitudinal ribs, the presenting edges flat, about thirty on each whorl, and with impressed, revolving lines (about eight on penultimate whorl), which only appear in the interstices of the ribs, until from the middle of the last whorl they begin to enlarge, and finally become predominant about the base. Whorls nine or ten, flat, angular at the upper fourth, and shelving to the suture, this portion destitute of strie; last whorl more than one-half the length of the shell, cylindrical at the middle, and tapering gently to the base. Aperture narrow, lips nearly parallel, more than one-half the length of the shell; lip slightly arched, sharp, faintly roseate; interior flesh- coloured, and with about thirteen delicate, elongated, raised threads ; pillar a little arched posteriorly ; four-plaited ; siphonal notch a little reflexed obliquely. Length four-fifths of an inch ; breadth three-tenths of an inch. Habitat unknown. Obtained by Mr. Walker. The form and sculpture are much like that of M. hebes, Reeve, but the colouring is more like M. crenifera. It is more cylindrical, and the bars are less prominent than M. cophina, besides being different in coloration. Figures 354, 354 a, dorsal and ventral views of the shell. Mirra CaPILLATa (Gould). T. parvula, elongata, ovato-fusiformis, polita, rufo-castanea lineolis longitudinalibus flexuosis crocets ornata: spira acuto-conica, anfrac- tibus septem convexiusculis, ultimo bifariam attenuato, anticée strits prominults cincto ; sutura impressa: apertura dimidiam longitudinis teste, angusta, elliptica; columella tri-plicata, posticé callosa ; Sauce lurida. Mitra capillata, Goutp ; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 171. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 73. 69 274 MOLLUSCA. SHELL quite small, polished, shining, elongated, ovate-fusiform, very deep mahogany-brown colour, beautifully variegated with numerous, delicate, obliquely flexuous, yellowish, longitudinal stripes, destitute of sculpture except three or four raised threads about the beak; whorls seven, slightly convex, the last nearly three-fourths the length of the shell, tapering downwards about equally with the spire; suture linear, impressed. Aperture half the length of the shell, quite narrow ellip- tical; lip simple; columella with three folds, the upper of which is largest, and with a deposit of callus at the posterior angle; colour of the interior lurid. Length nine-twentieths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Madeira Islands. Couwthouy. This beautiful little shell is easily identified by its dark mahogany colour, and its delicate yellow lineations, like those on some species of Neritina. MW. semen, Reeve, which is not so slender, and has fewer and broader lines, is the only species approaching it. Mirra ENCAuSTA (Gould). T. parvula, sohda, curta, ovato-rhomboidea, cinerea, longitrorsum octo ad novem-plicata et sulcis fuscescentibus cincta: spira conica, anfrac- tibus octo ventricosis, supernis granulosis, ultimo trientes duos longt- tudinis teste adequante; sutura canaliculatd: apertura parva, line- aris; labro acuto, viz sulcato; columella plicata, posticé callo copioso induta. Mitra encausta, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iii. 172. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 73. SHELL quite small and solid, short, rhomboid-ovate, about equally acuminated each way, ash-coloured, with eight or nine coarse longitu- dinal folds, and with deeply incised, regularly spaced, revolving strie of a dusky colour, about four on the whorls of the spire, rendering the upper ones granular, more distant and coarser at base, where the raised portions are granular. Whorls eight, ventricose, with a some- what channeled suture; the last whorl two-thirds the length of the GASTEROPODA. 275 shell; tip black; aperture very small and narrow, one-half the length of the shell; lip thin, sharp, a little plicate; columella four-plicate, with a copious posterior callus. Length seven-twentieths of an inch; breadth one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. A small, very decidedly marked species, most remarkable for the deeply incised, somewhat punctate, dark, revolving lines, on an ash- coloured ground, its wave-like folds, and its short rhomboidal form. Figures 356, 356 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 3564, natural size. Mirra FipicuLa (Gould). T. lanceolato-fusiformis, livido-crocea fascia albida unica cincta, plicis acutis albidis ad duodecim lirata; sptra anfractibus novem planu- latis postice tabulatis, apicalibus (ultimo quoque ad basim) spirahter striatis: apertura angusta, intus tenui-striata ; columella quadri-pli- cata; fauce rufa; canali stphonali curto, fere recto. Mitra fidicula, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., ill. 170. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 72. SHELL small, fusiform, elongated, turreted; whorls nine, angular above, ornamented with numerous sharp, regular, whitish ribs or folds, which are sometimes a little nodular at the angle of the whorl, and with a belt of whitish; the upper whorls and the large whorl at its base are spirally striated; the spaces between the ribs are smoothly fluted, displaying delicate incremental lines; colour deep saffron, sometimes a little livid, disposed in darker and lighter zones. Aper- ture narrow, less than half the length of the shell; throat brownish within, and delicately striated, the stri# not attaining the edge of the lip. Columella four-plaited; siphonal notch broad, canal short and straight. Length three-fourths of an inch; breadth three-tenths of an inch. 276 MOLLUSCA. Habitat uncertain. There is no species corresponding very nearly to this. Perhaps M. cinerea, Reeve, resembles it as much as any one. Figures 353, 353 a, two views of the shell; 353, dorsal view of a variety. Mirra ampicua (Swatnson), Zool. Ilust., Second Series, pl. 30, f.2. Rexrve; Conch. Icon., f. 8. Kiener; Iconog., f. 16. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 346. Anima smoky brown, longitudinally dotted, with a pale margin; proboscis very long, having a sub-globular dilatation at its posterior fourth; the extremity is also dilated, and from it issues a filiform, forked tongue. Figure 344, the animal, with the shell. Mirra apusta (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 306. Voy. de l’Astrol., pl. 55, f. 8, 9. Reeve; Conch. Icon., pl. 4, f. 25. KiENER ; Iconog., f. 15. Anrmat short, indigo-blue, dotted with white above ; sole of the foot pale sky-blue, dotted with indigo-blue ; anterior angles not dilated. Found at Vincennes Island, Paumotu Group. Couthouy. Figure 344, the shell, with the animal extended ; 344 a, locomotive disk. Mirra acuminata (Swatnson), Zool. Illust., Second Series, pl. 138, f.3. Rereve;.Conch. Icon., f. 158. Mitra lutea, Quoy; Astrol., pl. 45 bis, f. 7-9. ANIMAL pale cream-colour. GASTEROPODA. 277 Figure 345, shell, with the animal extended. Found at Raraka, Paumotu Islands. Couthouy. Mirra vireata (Reeve), Proceed. Zool. Soc., 1844. Conch. Icon., fig. 197. M. retusa, var. Gray. Anima much like that of M. retusa; foot narrow, elongated, with a distinct, transverse, marginal fissure; above ferruginous, white at margin; base of siphon and tentacles colourless, the former tipped with rufous ; foot beneath pale blue. Found at Clermont Tonnerre, Paumotu Islands. Figure 346, shell, with the animal, as when in motion; 346 a, loco- motive disk. Mirra Macutosa (Reeve), Conch. Icon., figs. 175, 194. Marrini, Conch. Cab., pl. 150, f. 1400. Anima milk-white beneath ; tentacles cream-coloured. Figure 347, animal, with the shell, seen from beneath. Mirra noposa (Swainson), Philos. Mag. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f 196. M. fraga, Quoy and Gaim.; Astrol., pl. 45, f. 28, 29. Lamarck ; Anim. sans Vert., x. 349. M. tuberculata, KieNner ; Iconog., fig. 87. ANIMAL opaque-white, except on the siphon, where it is yellowish ; head small, tentacles of moderate length, eyes conspicuous, on a lateral enlargement at their lower third; siphon rather large, and constantly moving as in Nassa, to which this genus is closely allied. Motions quite active. No operculum detected. Common on coral ledges, Clermont Tonnerre. [J. p. c. ] 70 278 MOLLUSCA. Figure 348, animal, with the shell, seen from beneath. Mirra ELEGANS (ReEvE), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1845. Conch. Icon., 1s DBpt Anximat milk-white above, freckled along the margin with dusky, and also along the siphon. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Figure 349, animal, with the shell, in the posture of motion. Mirra EXASPERATA (CHEMNITZ), Conch. Cab., pl. 151, f. 1440-41. ReeEve; Conch. Icon., f. 162. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., ll. 344. M. torulosa, Lamarck ; ibid., 333. Aximat lemon-coloured above, margin white, pointed with black ; tentacles and siphon watery-white. Found at the Feejee Islands. Drayton. Figure 350, the animal, with the shell, as in motion, Mirra Fitosa (Born), Mus., pl. 9, f. 9,10. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 321. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 81. Kirner; Iconog., f. 12. ANIMAL cream-coloured; body elongated; tentacles very small; siphon long and slender. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Figure 342, the animal, with the shell, as in motion. Votura Macetnanica (GMELIN), in KrENER; Iconog., pl. 51. Sow- ERBY; Thes. Conch., 99. V. ancilla. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 397. Encyel. Meth., pl. 385, f. 3. GASTEROPODA. 279 ANIMAL with a very large, muscular, oblong-oval foot, broad and nearly right-angled in front, narrowing behind, the surface divided into oblong protuberances by radiating and concentric furrows. Colour above brownish-purple, thickly dotted with small chocolate- coloured spots; beneath yellowish-brown. Head long, compressed, having on each side a projecting lobe narrowing towards the neck. Near the upper margin of these lobes are the eyes, like two obscure, dull-black points. Just inside of the eyes originate the tentacles, which are short, acutely conical; a fissure extends from their base to the margin of the cervical mass, separating the lateral and inferior lobes from the frontal one; the whole of this part is lighter-coloured than the foot. Siphon nearly two inches long, cylindrical, very thick and muscular, with short triangular processes at the base on each side, spreading out upon the head when the animal is extended. Only a single specimen was found, at Burnt Island, in Orange Harbour, on sandy bottom. It was very sluggish, and during the three weeks that it was kept alive, it extended itself but once. It secreted abundance of clear, glairy fluid, like white of eggs. [J. Pp. c.] Figure 357, dorsal view of the animal and shell. VoLurTA ANCILLA (SoLANDER), in SoweRBy’s Thes. Conch., f. 101. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 52. V. Magellanica, Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 398. Encycl. Meth., pl. 385, f. 1, a,b. V. gracilts, Wood’s Suppl. ANiMAL deep orange near the margin, soon blending into a broad zone of rich crimson, which again passes into deep orange; over the whole surface are dispersed numerous small tubercles of bright yellow, larger and more apparent on the crimson zone than elsewhere ; under side of foot pale orange. Foot nearly smooth, broad-oval, and when fully expanded, extending far beyond the shell in all directions, except posteriorly, where it does not quite reach the apex of the shell. Head broader than long, much compressed, forming three sub-equal lobes, of which the central one is emarginate. Tentacles short, conical, obtuse, arising a short distance from the margin at the anterior third of the cervical mass; at a short distance behind, and near the margin are the eyes, which are small, black, and seated in a circular depres- 280 MOLLUSCA. sion, margined white. Siphon short, very thick, with a short, flat- tened, conical process on each side of the base. Head and siphon coloured like the foot in similar zones, but the tubercles are nearly white instead of yellow, and much smaller than on the foot. [3. p. c.] Inhabits the region of Cape Horn. Much confusion seems to have arisen between this and the preced- ing species, on account of their general form being similar, their colouring still more so, and from their inhabiting the same localities. Were the shells alone compared, they might be regarded as varieties of the same species; but that they are distinct species, I think Mr. Couthouy has satisfactorily shown, by the essential differences in the form and colouring of the animals. The mark by which Lamarck distinguishes V. Magellanica from V. ancilla, viz., the number of folds on the columella, is of no validity, since this number varies in both species. Relying rather upon the form, which is abbreviated and somewhat coronated in the first, slender and with simple convex whorls in the latter, I should be inclined to coincide in the synonymy as given by Kiener and Sowerby, rather than in that of Deshayes. Figure 358, dorsal view of the shell, and the animal expanded. Meto Broperipit (Gray), Griffith’s Cuvier, pl. 26. KiENER; Iconog., pl. 6. Melo regius, BropErip. Sowersy; Thes. Conch., pl. 83, f. 26, 27. AnitmaL very large, oblong, twice the length and breadth of the shell. Colour purplish, verging to orange at the edge, and veined with fawn-colour, beneath ochre-yellow. Foot advancing before the head, bilobate in front, projecting behind the shell, obtuse at the point. Head trilobate in front; tentacles short, subulate, whitish at tip; eyes black and large, at the outer base of the tentacle. Siphon long and tapering, with a process from each margin, where it issues from the shell, resembling a pair of cow’s horns; pale at the edges, and bluish within. Mantle simple, lemon-coloured at the edge, with a transverse banding of purplish-brown. Obtained at the Straits of Balaback, China Sea. GASTEROPODA. 28] Figure 359, the animal and shell. OLIvA CARNEOLA (GMELIN), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 621. Woop; Index Testac., pl. 19, f. 43. Kuster; Conch. Cab., pl. 6, 1 Woh Male AnimaL pale yellow, a few fine dots anteriorly on the mantle, the anterior angles long lanceolate, dotted also; siphon pale; papille of the mantle somewhat dusky, obtuse; tentacles dotted; a long, pale proboscis, as long as the siphon, becoming orange at tip, is protruded ; foot lobes moderately developed posteriorly. Found at the Feejee Islands. Figure 380, lateral view of the animal and shell. CyPR#A TESTUDINARIA (Lin.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 491, for synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 9. Kirner; Iconog., pl. 15 and 16, f. 1. Anima. dark fawn-colour; margin of the foot coarsely reticulate ; mantle longitudinally lineate, beset with scattered, elongated, two or three-pointed papille, the tips of which are white; end of the siphon violaceous. Obtained at Upolu, Samoa Islands, and Feejee Islands. Figure 370, lateral view of the animal and shell. Cyprea ticrIs (Linna#us), for synonymy see Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 502. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 12. Sowersy; Conch. Til.; £ 90. Anat ochreous, the mantle longitudinally lineated with olive, and having dusky blotches corresponding to the spots on the shell; foot with fine diverging lineations, finely blotched with chlorine-coloured spots at the margin, and more so near the shell ; tip of head violaceous ; siphon salmon-coloured. : 71 282 MOLLUSCA. In several respects it will be seen that the colours differ from those given in the Astrolabe; the papille of the mantle are more numerous and less frequently forked. Obtained at the Straits of Balaback, Feejee, Tonga, Molucca, and Society Islands. CypR#HA RETICULATA (Marryn), Univ. Conch., pl. 15. ReEpFiELp; Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. York, iv. 482, pl. 16, f 1, where, also, see synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 3. Cyprma macuLata (Barnes), Ann. N. York Lyceum, i. pl. 9, f. 1. C. hastrao, KizNER ; Iconog. pl. Ws} tis, te ANIMAL with the mantle coloured burnt-sienna, with undulating veins of very deep brown, and very thickly ornamented with short, slender, and taper papille ; towards the aperture it is lighter coloured than elsewhere. Head and siphon dark umber, the latter fringed at the extremity with papille similar to those on the mantle. ‘Tentacles lighter coloured than the head, moderately long, largest near the eyes, which are about midway, and surrounded by a small circle of white. Sides of the foot coloured like the under side of the shell, irregularly veined darker. Underneath it is cream-coloured. The coloration and papille of the animal fully justify the separa- tion of this shell from C. hestrio, as a distinct species. It was found at Disappointment Island (Atooa) one of the Paumotu Group. Figure 371, lateral view of the animal and shell; 371 @, under side of the foot. CypR#A FIMBRIATA (GMEL.), SoweRBy; Conch. Il, f 188, 140. REEVE; Conch. Icon., f. 92. Animat uniform blood-red, with minute white tentacular papillie ; siphon long. Inhabits the Paumotu Islands. GASTEROPODA. 283 Figure 372, side view of the animal and shell; 372 a@, under surface of the foot. Cyprma AseLLus (Linnavs), for synonymy see Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 529. Sowersy; Conch. Ill, f. 93. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 31, f. 3. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 98. Anima having the mantle dark slate-colour, with simple aculeate, white papille; foot dusky, with three transverse black bands; head, tentacles, and sole of the foot, ferruginous. Inhabits Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 374, lateral view of the animal and shell; 374 a, under side of the foot. Cypreza caurica (Linnaeus), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 516, with synonymy. Sowersy; Conch. IIL, f. 158-60. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 46. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 10, f. 2, 3. Antmar having the mantle emerald-green, everywhere dotted above with white ; principal palleal fringes intricately fimbriated at their tips, and encircled with three series of white, gem-like papille, intermingled with short, simple aculei; base of the true tentacles pearly ; head and tips of tentacles orange; foot white beneath; siphon covered with branching papille. Obtained at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 373, side view of the animal and shell; 373 a, an isolated papilla, enlarged. Cypr@#a FELINA (Gmet.), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 560. Sowersy; Conch. IIL, f. 135-37. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 105. AnIMat rose-red, with very delicate, small, beard-like papille on the mantle. 284 MOLLUSCA. Inhabits Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Cypr@a ERRONES (Linna&us), Sowersy; Conch. IIl., f. 128-29. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 29, f.4. REEve; Conch. Icon., f. 56. C. oh- vacea, LamarRcK; Anim. sans Vert. x. 520, with synonymy. ANIMAL with the foot and mantle pale, veined with dusky, the mantle edged with black mottlings ; papille minute, subulate, cream-coloured ; head and tentacles scarlet. Obtained at Lebuka, Feejee Islands. Cyprza Humpnreysit (Gray), SowerBy; Conch. IIL, f.55. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 110 c. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 14, f. 4. C. lutea, DEs- HAYES, in Lam.; Anim. sans Vert., x. 562. ANIMAL crimson; mantle with very minute, simple, pointed papille ; tentacles slate-coloured. Inhabits Sandalwood Bay, Feejee Islands. Figure 376, lateral view of the animal and shell. Cypr#A porariaA (Linna&us), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 527. Sowersy; Conch. Ill. f. 68. Reeve; Conch. IIl., f. 99. ANIMAL rosaceous; mantle with a crowd of numerously branched, pale roseate papille ; siphon pale yellowish ; foot merely tinted reddish ; mouth deep rose-red. Obtained at Benga Island, Feejees. Figure 375, side view of the animal ; 375 a, under side of the foot. CypR#A CARNEOLA (Linnaus), Lamarck ; Anim. sans Vert., x. 505, with synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 19. Kiener; Iconog,, pl. a7 test GASTEROPODA. 285 Anima fuliginous; foot purplish-black; mouth orange; tentacles pale greenish-yellow ; papillee white, rather large, simply subulate. * Obtained at Lebuka, Feejee Islands. Cyprm#a Lynx (Linnzvus) Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 513, with synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 33. Krener; Iconog., pl. 38, f. 2. Sowerrsy ; Conch. IIl., f. 107, 118. Anima dingy-purplish, edge of the foot above with clusters of black points; mantle with violaceous tints; tubercles large, short, multifid palmate. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. Figure 369, lateral view of the animal. CyPpREA EBURNA (Barnes), Annals Lyceum Nat. Hist. N. York, i. 133, pl. 9, f. 2. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 35. ANIMAL olivaceous, very finely reticulated ; head and tentacles pur- plish-violet; mantle and siphon yellowish, clouded with purplish ; papille long and slender, deeply three and four cleft, tips yellow: foot short, anterior angles largely dilated. Obtained at the Tonga and Feejee Islands. Figure 378, lateral view of the animal and shell. CyprmA ARENOSA (Gray), Zoolog. Journal, i. 147, pl. 8 and 12, f. 6. Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., x. 549. ReErEvE; Conch. Icon., f. 27. KrENER; Iconog., pl. 2, f. 4. ANIMAL cream-coloured, with decussating wrinkles causing the margin to appear darker; head and tentacles, above the eyes, dark purple-brown ; mantle cream-coloured, with two or three deep purple blotches on the sides; papille delicate, white, bifid. 72 256 MOLLUSCA. Inhabits Taheiti. Figure 377, animal, with the shell. CypR#A OBVELATA (Lamarck), Anim. sans Vert., x. 538. Sowersy ; Conch. Ill. f. 138. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 34, f. 4. C. obvallata, REEVE ; Conch. Icon., f. 69. ANIMAL with the mantle wax-yellow, studded with pale stars, with fine, undulating, transverse, brown lineations, well garnished with delicate, bifid papille, one of the points being longer than the other ; foot pale, with radiating pencillings of bluish. Inhabits Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 379, lateral view of the animal and shell. Conus DILECTUS (Gould). T. parva, gracihs, conica, allnda, ferrugineo concinné reticulata et serte- bus binis macularum candidarum et rufarum alternantium cincta: sptra elevata, concavo-conica ; anfractibus octo ad novem, angulatis, coronatis, postice striatis, ultimo inermt, antice sex ad octo sulcato: apertura linearis ; columella recta ; fauce incarnata. Conus dilectus, Goutp; Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 11. 172. January 1850. Expedition Shells, 73. Anima delicate carnation-coloured, with a dark submarginal line; front vermilion; siphon vermilion at tip, and banded at the middle with deep indigo-blue. SHELL small, acutely and accurately conical; spire elevated, its profile a little concave ; whorls eight or nine, with a very finely nodu- lous, acute-angled carina, below the middle, the space above the angle with about four revolving striz ; the angle on the outer whorl is not nodular; just in front of the suture are very fine, longitudinal wrinkles. Colour dingy-white, everywhere covered with minute reti- GASTEROPODA. 287 culations of pale, rusty lines, with a series behind the middle and another at the anterior third of the last whorl, of several large, lunate or triangular, white spots, alternating with dark ferruginous spots ; and there is the same alternation on the shoulder of the last whorl ; around its anterior portion are six or eight grooves. Aperture narrow and straight; pillar straight; interior flesh-coloured. Length half an inch; breadth one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. This is a beautiful little species, somewhat like C. corallinus, Kiener, and painted somewhat like C. ammiralis. Figure 367, shell, with the animal ; 367, ventral view of the shell. Conus vexittum (Martin1), Conch. Cab., tab. 57, f. 269. La- MARCK; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 51. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 34, f. 1. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 3. Anima dusky above, with splendid indigo-blue reflections about the head, siphon and anterior part of foot, becoming greenish towards the posterior point; beneath, deep emerald green ; tentacles stout ; eyes about midway. Operculum obliquely fan-shaped. Obtained at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 361, the animal and shell. Conus miues (Liv.), Martini, Conch., tab. 59, f. 663-4. Lamarck ; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 52. Quoy and Gaim.; Astrol., pl. 52, f. 11. SowerBy; Conch. IIll., f. 100. Rerrve; Conch. Icon., f. 9. Kiener; Iconog., pl. 38, f. 2. Anta black predominating on a gray ground above, somewhat mottled ; foot paler beneath, dotted black; siphon long, finely mottled with black, and black at tip; margin of the mantle black. Foot thick, fleshy, as long as the aperture, with a transverse fold in front, and the 288 MOLLUSCA. anterior angles a little dilated. Operculum long and slender, attached by a muscular pedicle, which is white, dotted black. The specimens here referred to were obtained at Honden Island, and are of a small and very solid variety, and very much eroded. ‘The ani- mal was very sluggish. [J. P.c.] Figure 364, lateral view of the animal; 364 a, the disk of the foot. Conus Hesrezus (Linnzus), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 20, for synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 104. Kiener; Iconog., pl. A, f. 2. Anima clouded dark bistre on an ochreous ground over the body ; head and siphon the same, their extremities dull red; under side of foot dark smoky-brown, except down the middle, where it is dull ochreous, and the portion above the transverse fissure in front, which is dark red; the tentacles are opaque-white, with the eyes near their tips. Foot broad and fleshy, the anterior angles a little prolonged laterally. Siphon large at base; motions quite rapid, the animal gliding along nearly as fast as Littorina. Operculum small, unguicu- late, clear brown, about one-tenth of an inch from the tip, projecting a little obliquely towards the spire somewhat beyond the foot. The animal of this variety, which was found on a coral ledge at the Island of Clermont Tonnerre, differs somewhat from the figure given of it in the Voyage of the Astrolabe, pl. 52, f. 5. [. P. c.] Conus nanus (Broperip), Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond. 1833. RrEvE; Conch. Icon., f. 150. ANIMAL pale; front and tip of foot, tentacles and tip of siphon, deep carnation. Found at Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Figure 365, lateral view of the animal and shell. GASTEROPODA. 289 Conus sponsaLis (Brucuiere), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 34, for synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 109. Antmat with the head, tip of the siphon, and anterior margin of the foot, bright vermilion, and a spot of the same on the posterior portion of the foot ; remainder of the foot rose-coloured ; mantle and siphon the same colour, with fine, undulating, white lines. Head projecting in a conical form; tentacles slender, with the eyes near their tips, the portion beyond them alone being retractile, as if the tips were the true tentacles, and the basal portion a firm pedestal. Foot much elongated and posteriorly attenuated; anterior margin with a profound fissure, and the part in front of the fissure is capable of being expanded to a considerable extent. Movements very quick and abrupt, the foot being occasionally stretched to twice the length of the shell; and being advanced far beyond the head, the shell is suddenly brought up with a jerk. Common in crevices of rock at the water’s edge. Clermont Tonnerre. [3. P. c.] Figure 363, under side of the foot; 363, outline of the head, enlarged. Conus MILIARIs (BRuGUIERE), Encycl. Meth., pl. 319, f. 6. La- MARCK ; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 29. Sowersy; Conch. III, plait esl. REEVE; Conch. Icon., f. 198. ANIMAL very similar to the preceding, with the head and siphon salmon-coloured, tip of siphon darker than the rest; tentacles paler, colourless at the tips; eyes near the tips. Foot pale yellowish, with a rosy tint at the edges, a little longer than the shell, somewhat nar- rowed backwards; portion in front of the anterior marginal fissure capable of considerable expansion; mantle clear orange-colour; motions vivacious. Operculum long and narrow, flexuous. Found in crevices of coral ledges in shallow water, Clermont Ton- nerres# [iis PCs] 73 290 MOLLUSCA. Figure 362, animal, from beneath; 362a, enlarged outline of the head. Conus MINIMUs (Linnzxvs), Lamarck; Anim. sans Vert., xi. 19, for synonymy. Reeve; Conch. Icon., f. 143. ANIMAL above deep violaceous purple, mottled ; foot ochreous, mot- tled with violaceous; tip of foot, and interior of siphon and tentacles rose-red. Distributed over most of the Pacific Islands. Figure 366, side view of the animal and shell. PERONIA INDOLENS, (Couthouy MS.) Corpus oblongo-ovale, antrorsum angustatum, lateribus compressis tuber- culato-dentatis: tentacula nigr@, subulate : caput cordatum ; pes dimi- diam latitudinis corporis adequans, straminea ; color ex fusco-viridi Jlavescens, subtus ochracea. Body elongated-oval, somewhat narrowed anteriorly, convex along the middle of the back, and flattened at the edges, which are furnished with coarse tubercles projecting over the margin in twenty-four conical processes, with occasional smaller ones intervening. Tentacles black, subulate, projecting considerably beyond the mantle when the animal is in motion. Head somewhat cordate in front; lips broad and fleshy ; mouth destitute of horny appendages, as far as could be ascertained. Foot half the width of the body, tongue-shaped ; colour dark bronze- green on the back, inclining to yellow at the margins; under side of the mantle ochreous yellow, foot somewhat paler, with a bluish tinge along the middle. Length a little more than an inch; breadth one-third of an inch; height one-third of an inch. Found on rocks at low water on the little Ilha do Pai, outside har- bour of Rio Janeiro. [3. Pp. c.] GASTEROPODA. 291 PERONIA IRRORATA (Could). Corpus elongato-ovale, convexum, flavo et olivaceo nubeculatum, granults confertis instructum, marginibus dilatatis, plicis radiantibus ad decem quasi denticulatis: caput protractum, lateraliter dilatatum, ceruleum ; tentaculis curtis, gracilibus, capitatis, ceruleis: solea trientem latitu- dinis corporis adequans. Elongated oval, back arched, margins expanded, mottled olive and yellow, finely covered with minute, subequal granulations, with eight or ten elevated, radiating folds or ridges at the margin on each side, which extend a little beyond the margin, and give it a dentate appear- ance ; head scarcely protruding beyond the body, dilated at the exterior angles; tentacles short, slender, blue, knobbed, and with an eye-spot at the tip; head above pale sky-blue, and also the mantle surrounding the foot; margin beneath ochreous, foot a little more than one-third the width of the body. Length one inch; breadth half an inch; height one-fourth of an inch. Found in tide-pools at low water, Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Drayton. This species may be compared with P. patelloidea, which is also from New Zealand; but if the figure is to be relied on, it is certainly different, the colour, form, number of marginal projections, &c., being all different. Figures 383, 383 a, dorsal and ventral views of the animal; 383 0, frontal view. Peronia actnosa (Gould). Corpus elongatum, sub-cylindraceum, posticé angustatum, ad extremt- tates rotundatum, papillis beryllinis ornatum ; solea dimidiam latitu- dinis corporis adequans, fusco-violacea ; tentacule cyanee. 292 MOLLUSCA. Antmat elongated, everywhere closely covered with large rounded papille of a deep beryl-green colour, shaded in the interstices with amethystine: the same colouring is found below, except the foot, which is a slaty violet, half the width of body. Body attenuated, ap- parently somewhat cylindrical, equally and acutely rounded at both ends. ‘Tentacles dark blue. Length nearly an inch and a half; breadth three-fifths of an inch. Inhabits the Feejee Islands. A fine species, having a mulberry-like surface, and also remarkable for its unusually dark colours, the general colour being of an ame- thystine blue, somewhat darker than the rounded papille. Figures 384, 384 a, dorsal and ventral view of the animal. PERONIA MARGINATA, (Couthouy MS.) Corpus elongato-ovatum, convexum, nigro-virescens, papillis minutis nu- merosis ornatum, ad marginem nigro-fasciatum ; caput latum, biloba- tum, protensum, flavescens ; tentaculis nigricantibus clavatis ; pagina inferior flavida. Elongated ovate, narrowed anteriorly; back very convex, deep greenish-black, very thickly covered with minute tubercles; margin ornamented with alternate bars of black and white; head _ broad, bilobed in front, and projecting considerably beyond the mantle when the animal is in motion, of a pale yellow colour, tinted bluish about the mouth; tentacles rather long, and bulbous at the extremity, pale slate-colour, except at the tips, which are black ; under side of the mantle pale yellowish near the foot, becoming greenish at the margin, where it shows alternate bands of green and pale yellow. Foot pale ochreous, to which a bluish tinge is imparted by the viscera. Length three-fifths of an inch. This little species was very common under stones at low water, near the mouth of Orange Harbour, usually in groups of perhaps GASTEROPODA. 293 fifty. When disturbed, it rolls itself up into a rounded mass. In form it is like Onchidium nigricans, as given by Quoy and Gaimard, but it is very much larger and differs in many particulars. [J. P. c.] Figures 386, 386 a, 386 4, lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of the animal, enlarged ; 386c, the animal contracted ; 386 d, cowl and tenta- cles, in outline; 386 e, natural size. PERONIA CORPULENTA (Gould). Corpus linguiforme, convexum, supré. cyaneum, infra olivaceum, tuber- culis magnis elevatis rotundatis, minoribus circumyacentibus, tnstrue- tum ; veli marginibus undulatis ; cucullo cordato ; tentaculis elongatis, linearibus, viridibus: solea pallida trientes duos latitudinis corporis adequans. ANIMAL elongated oval, truncated in front, deep sea-green above, olivaceous beneath ; foot pale; back arched, bearing numerous large, elevated, rounded tubercles, with numerous smaller intervening ones ; margins undulated ; hood projecting beyond the body, broad as the body, heart-lobed ; lobes circular; simple and deep green above, somewhat violaceous beneath ; mouth quite small, orange ; tentacles linear, rather stout and long, green : foot two-thirds the length of the body. Length two and a half inches; breadth one inch; height half an inch. Found at Direction Island, one of the Feejees. A large species, somewhat irregular in its outline. Figures 385, 385 a, dorsal and ventral view of the animal. Doris VERMICELLI (Gouw/d). D. oblongo-ovalis, tumida, verrucosa, ochracea maculis ferrugineis varie- gata, infra incolorata: caput parvum ; tentaculis labiahbus tenuibus elongatis: tentacule cervicales brevi, compresse omnino laminate: 74 294 MOLLUSCA. stella branchiahs plumulis numerosis gracilibus crenulatis tri-sertah- bus ; pes latitudinem corporis sub-equans. Body elongated oval, coriaceous, covered with large verrucosities having numerous smaller ones irregularly disposed around them. Colour pale ochreous, clouded on the back with three or four irregular dark ferruginous blotches, and with two of the same on the sides; be- neath colourless. Head small; labial tentacles long and slender, verti- cally compressed somewhat; cervical tentacles short, ovoid, inserted into a short, tubular, truncated sheath, compressed and exhibiting nine or ten concentric lamine. Branchie composed of innumerable slender, pectinate plumules disposed around the anus in three series, the outer circle extending the width of the body, the plumules of the inner circle about half as long as those of the outer circle, and alter- nating with them. [J. P. c.] Length two and a half inches. Found among rocks exposed to the surf, at Villamar, near Valparaiso. The very remarkable circles of branchial organs are sufficiently characteristic of this species. Figure 387, lateral view of the animal; 357 : CEPHALOPODA. 483 along the back. Fins large, more than half the length of the body, nearly meeting at the base, longer than broad, heart-rhomboidal, the late- ral angles a little rounded, the posterior angle acuminated; head nearly as wide as the body, subquadrate, the sides wholly occupied by the orbits, excavated beneath, for the siphonal tube, which is*short and cylindrical. Eyes black, very prominent. Sessile arms about half as long as the body, triquetrous; compara- tive length, 4, 3, 2, 1. Cupules on large pedicles, nearly in a single line. ‘Tentacular arms shorter than the body, a third longer than the sessile arms, stout and cylindrical, furnished with nine or ten hooks, on long peduncles, and occupying about one-fourth the length of the arm, which portion is dilated for that purpose. Mouth very small. The colours are very beautiful, the body and head above being of a brilliant metallic hue of gold and violet, clouded with salmon-colour on the fins; back of the arms umber, with bluish reflections; beneath salmon-coloured, the head and arms shaded and mottled with violet, orange, yellow, lilac, &c., presenting a marked contrast with the uni- form colour of the body. Whole length, eight and a half inches; of the body, four inches; of the head, three-fourths of an inch; of the lower sessile arm, two inches and a quarter; of the tentacular arm, four inches; greatest breadth of body, an inch and one-eighth; of the fin, three inches and five-eighths; length of fin, two inches and a half. Obtained in the South Pacific Ocean, near Sydney, New South Wales. This beautiful species is somewhat allied to O. Banksz, Fer., but its proportions and colouring are different. Its short body and metal- lic bronzed surface are remarkable. Described from a drawing of a living specimen. Figure 595, dorsal view of the animal. ONYCHOTEUTHIS BREVIMANUS (Gould). Corpus cylindraceum, viz dilatatum: pinna rhomboidalis, latior quam longa, quadrantem corporis superans : caput breve, subglobosum: oculi 484 MOLLUSCA. mediocres: brachii sesstles curtt, graciles, infimis longioribus, supernis brevioribus : brachii tentaculares brevissimt: color ex sanguineo viola- Cescens. Body cylindrical, somewhat bulging at the middle and tapering with a curved outline, rapidly. Fin rhomboidal, broader than long, the angles slightly rounded, somewhat more than one-fourth as long as the body. Head short, closely attached to the body, subglobose. Eyes of moderate size and prominence ; sessile arms short and slender, the lower pair longest, and the upper shortest. Tentacular arms, very short, nearly destitute of a pedicle. Colour beautifully shaded with sanguineous and violaceous, the effect being produced by minute dot- tings. Entire lenyth, six inches; length of body, three inches and three- quarters; length of head, five-eighths of an inch; greatest diameter of body, five-eighths of an inch; breadth of fin, two inches and a quarter; length, one inch and three-eighths. Obtained at sea, about 120 miles west of 'Tutuilla, Samoa Islands. Described from a figure from life, by Mr. Agate. If the proportions are given correctly, as there is no reason to doubt, the extraordinary brevity of the tentacular arms, scarcely longer than the shortest sessile arms, is of itself enough to characterize the species. The figure is also supposed to represent the true dimensions. Figure 596, dorsal view of the animal. —_—— PTEROPODA. AR5 PTEROPODA. Tue following species of the order Pteropoda are here given, with a strong impression that some of them may have been described. But they are not satisfactorily identified with any figures of species I have seen. Indeed, with the exception of those given by D’Orbigny in his Voyage dans l Amérique Méridionale, and by Eydoux and Souleyet in the Voyage of the Bonite, no figures or descriptions of any value have been furnished. These animals are seldom to be obtained except in the open sea, and require to be immediately figured by a skilful hand, with the aid of a microscope. Of course, very few have fallen under the eye of competent observers. Every addition to the know- ledge of the general or detailed forms of this little-understood group of minute and beautiful objects, will be of service in the future dispo- sition of its members. The figures made by Mr. Dana evince careful observation and faithful delineation, and may be relied on as characteristic. LIMacINa SCAPHOIDEA (Gould). T. pellucida, involuta, scaphoidea: sptra secunda, anfractibus tribus ; ultimo amplo; apertura subeircularis ; labro arcuato. Ayimat having the alar expansions elongate, obliquely rounded at tip, broadly united at base, and standing off from each other obliquely at an angle of ninety degrees. At their junction are two papille, each surmounted by a black spine or beak. SHELL involute or nautiloid, the spire inclined to one side, exhibit- ing three whorls on the projecting side; the last whorl is very capa- cious, having the aperture rounded, and of nearly equal diameters ; the lip seen in profile is concavely arcuate. 122 486 MOLLUSCA. Diameter about one-tenth of an inch. Taken in the equatorial Atlantic, and figured by Mr. Dana. The genus of this shell is also somewhat uncertain. It bears a resemblance to Sprriale rostrale, figured in the Bonite, pl. 13, f. 1, the Limacina inflata of Gray. Figures 602, 602a, lateral and longitudinal views of the shell and animal ; 602 0, natural size. Limactna (?) cucutiata (Gould). T. pellucida, planorboidea, altero latere anfractus quinque ostendens, altero anfractum unicum umbilicatum: apertura obliqua, campanu- lata, cucullata. AnimaL black, with ovate appendages, not intimately united at base. SHELL colourless, planorboid, on one side presenting about five or six whorls, on the other, a single volution, with a large, umbilical pit. Aperture oblique, campanulate, and projecting beyond the whorl like a hood. Diameter about one-fourth of an inch. Found near an ice-island, within twenty miles of the Antarctic con- tinent, lat. 66° S., long. 106° 20’ E. This is one of the few forms of the lower classes of animals obtained from the extreme South, and is, therefore, peculiarly interesting, although so imperfectly delineated. It is described from a pencil sketch by Mr. Agate. The genus is probably new, but must rank under Limacina, if among known genera. ‘The name Acapina might otherwise be employed. Figures 601, 601 a, 601 4, three views of the shell, with the animal. PTEROPODA. 487 HYyAL@A INERMIS (Gould). T. ovato-globosa, postice angustata, compressa et truncata, angulis pos- ticis emarginatis, antice rotunda: apertura angusta, transversa, labro haud porrecto. Animal alis transversis angustis ad angulum posti- cum emarginatis instructus. ANIMAL, with the alar expansions flabellate, twice as Jong as their greatest breadth, convexly arched in front, anterior angle rounded, the ends with a deep slit at their anterior third, the posterior angle deeply and concavely emarginate; mantle oblong, with rounded _pos- terior angles, extending on the back of the shell about one-fourth its length ; interior mass heart-shaped, dusky. SHELL ovate-globose, with both valves very gibbous, the smaller one most so; line of union flexuous; mouth narrow, lip simple, not projecting over the opposite valve ; anterior end rounded, lateral lines somewhat converging ; the posterior angles concavely emarginate, the anterior angle of the emargination slightly spinous: posterior extre- mity compressed, truncate, the outline very slightly convex. Length seven-eighths of an inch; greatest breadth four-fifths of an inch; thickness equal to the breadth. Described from a figure by Mr. Dana; locality not mentioned. Figure 604, shell, with the animal; 604, 604 a, lateral and ventral views of the shell. HYyAL@A remorata (Gould). T. subcordata ; angulis posticis productis, arcuatis et cornua subrecta, prelonga, retroversa, gerentibus. Animal alis transversis trapezor- dalibus munitus. Alar expansions transverse, rather longer than broad, the anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel, but slightly arcuate convexly, 488 MOLLUSCA. terminal ends truncate obliquely, and a little concavely backwards, having a lateral laciniation near the anterior angles, and a longitudinal one in the posterior margin near the angle: the body of the animal is somewhat roseate, with a central dusky spot. Posterior cornua of the shell long, corpulent at base, somewhat tortuous, and running to a prolonged point. Expansion of alar appendages an inch and a half; whole length of the shell and animal the same. Obtained in the equatorial Atlantic. Described from a figure by Dana. It is remarkable for its long and corpulent appendages. Figure 603, animal as in life, with the shell. CiLEopora Exacuta (Gould). T. pellucida, triangularis, subtus concava, supra per convexa antice, rotundata, posticé valde acuminata, lateribus concaviter arcuatis. Animal cervice longo et alis divergentibus oblongo-ovalibus instructus. Alar expansions arcuate, rounded at extremity, the posterior edge loosely undulate; the basal lappet large and triangular; the conical papille at the mouth are dark, as well as the central abdominal mass; otherwise colourless. The sHELL is an equilateral, spherical triangle, the base convexly rounded, and the sides concavely excavated, producing thus a long, acute caudal point: the under valve is slightly concave, and the upper valve very convexly arched: in front is a small opening, through which the neck of the animal passes. Length about half an inch; greatest breadth equal to about two- thirds the length. Found by Mr. Dana, in latitude 44° N., long. 154° W., that is, about 30° west of the mouth of Columbia River. PTEROPODA. 489 This resembles a West India species, which has the sides much more deeply concave, and the lateral angles prolonged into spines. Described from Mr. Dana’s figures. Figure 605, shell and animal enlarged ; 605, transverse section of the shell; 605 4, natural size. CLEODORA MUNDA (Gould). T. elongato conica, modicé recurva, subcompressa ad apicem rosacea: apertura rotundato-elliptica. Animal alis fere transversis late coadu- natis, oblique triangulartbus, subarcuatis instructus. Alar expansions broadly united at base, ovate triangular, greatest breadth nearly equal to greatest length; anterior margin convexly arcuate, with an acute spine at the middle; posterior margin two- thirds the length of the anterior, concavely arcuate ; terminal margins rectilinear, convergent; the angles minutely rounded; surface exhi- biting ranges of cilie; basal lappet very small, forming a very low triangle. Head large; eyes conspicuous. ‘The alimentary tube is seen passing to the apex of the shell, which is occupied by a straw- coloured viscus, above which is a deep-green cylindrical mass: just behind the head is an excretory duct and its orifice, which has made half a spiral turn around the neck. At the superior third of the shell are seen scarlet bands of muscular fibres surrounding the mantle, which rises to a level with the mouth of the shell. The colour has a pale-roseate, somewhat iridescent tint. SHELL acutely conical, moderately recurved; aperture circular or somewhat oval; tip roseate. Length one-fourth of an inch. Found in the equatorial Atlantic by Mr. Dana. This is possibly C. virgula, Rang, as figured in the Voyage of the Bonite, pl. 8, f. 18-22; but as this is not satisfactorily determined, the excellent figure of Mr. Dana is introduced. 123 490 MOLLUSCA. Figures 607, 607 a, front and lateral views of the animal and shell, enlarged. CLEopoRA PLACIDA (Gould). T. elongato-conica, vix reflexa: apertura circularis. Animal alis ob- longis obliquis, angustis, curtis, instructus. Alar expansions small, basal union narrow, oblong, the posterior margin nearly rectilinear, the anterior margin convexly arcuate, with a prominent spine at the middle, extremities slightly emarginate at each angle, so as to give a generally-rounded outline: basal lappet small, triangular, nearly equilateral, the apex reaching nearly to the separation of the wings. SHELL elongate, conical, recurved : aperture large and circular. Length about one-fourth of an inch; diameter of aperture about one- twentieth of an inch. Obtained in the equatorial Atlantic. Described from Mr. Dana’s uncoloured figure. The form of this shell seems to be more obtusely conical than in any other species, and the alar expansions are small. Figure 606, front view of the shell and animal, enlarged. Cieopora FALCcATA (Gould). T. elongato-conica, valdé recurva ; apertura circularis. Animal alis flabellatis, obliquis, subarcuatis, tridescentibus munitus. ANIMAL with the alar expansions large, flabellate, irregular, basal junction narrow, anterior margin undulately convex, somewhat emar- ginate beyond the spine, posterior margin deeply and undulately concave, one-half the leneth of the anterior edge, terminal margin PT-EROPODA. 491 obliquely rounded ; posterior surface covered with serratures in lines from the mouth to the margin; and along a line from the mouth to outer margin is a series of vibrating cilie; basal lappet short and broad, emarginate at tip. Viscera within the tube much as in the preceding species, except that the dark mass is grass-green. SHELL very strongly recurved, forming nearly a quarter of a circle; aperture circular. Length not over half an inch. Taken by Mr. Dana between Oregon and the East Indies. The extraordinary curvature of the shell is a prominent character- istic, as well as the peculiar form of the wings. Figure 608, the shell, with the animal, enlarged. The four following species of Atlanta do not belong in this group, but their affinities are with the Gasteropoda, and they are allied to Janthina. Indeed, Mr. J. EK. Gray has proposed a family, including them, under the name Janthinide. ‘The original figures were inad- vertently laid aside among those of Pteropoda, with which they have been sometimes ranked. ATLANTA PRIMITIA (Gould). T. nautiloidea, rotundato-ovata, compressa, dextrorsum umbilicata, ca- rind lata sensim angustata cincta: spira anfractibus tribus : apertura angusta, elliptica, angulis acutis ; labro arcuato ; color violacea. Anta having the mouth at the extremity of a long proboscis, and at times dilating like a sucker, with a fissure or emargination at its superior side, and fringed with ciliz in incessant motion. Eyes very large, at the distal third of the protruded body ; they are vitreous, and situated on short, black peduncles; between them is a prominence, or forehead, advancing a little in front of them, on each side of which arises a fleshy, fusiform tentacle. From the base of the proboscis, on 492 MOLLUSCA. the left side, arises an oblong membranous expansion, on the inferior margin of which, about midway, are two thin, circular lamelle, at- tached obliquely. On the right side, corresponding to the membra- nous expansion or natatory, comes off horizontally an arm, having a spatulate extremity facing the proboscis at right angles with the arm, and furnished at the elbow with a minute spine. This seems to answer the purpose of an operculum. At the junction of the proboscis with the natatory above, is the anal orifice. Just below this, on the right side, is a bilobed, sacculate organ, communicating by a small duct with internal viscera (probably generative). ‘The mouth con- nects with an ample cesophagus, to which succeeds an intestinal canal, whose course is very apparent, as far as a small, ovate body near the spire of the shell, which is the heart, and is seen to pulsate very regularly when the animal displays itself. The mantle is folded so as to form an ample collar embracing the body, and completely encloses the animal when it is withdrawn. Colour faint purplish, tinted lake-red. [s. P. c.] The sHELL is nautiloid, ovate, very faintly umbilicate on the left side, of about three whorls; the lip of the aperture convex in pro- file, the aperture itself narrow elliptical, acute at extremities. It has a thin, broad, membranous carina at the angle of the shell. Colour violaceous, especially on the spire. Obtained in the equatorial Atlantic. This appears to be closely allied to A. Lesweurt, as figured in the Voyage of the Bonite, pl. 20, f. 1-15, though it differs in several re- spects. It was figured by Mr. Dana, and described from his figure and notes. I think it quite probable that the point at the junction of the foot and neck, considered as an anal opening, may really be the ganglion described in the next species, as seated at that part. Figure 597, shell and animal, enlarged, with details natural size. ATLANTA CUNICULA (Gould). T. fragilissima, pellucida, nautilordea, sub-circularis, compressa, carina latissima cincta: apertura elliptica, acutangularis. PTEROPODA. 493 Anima of a pale-flesh colour, with a slender neck: the proboscis about as long as the neck, uniting with it at an angle of about 130°, and presenting something like an elevated forehead between the eyes. At its extremity is the mouth, which soon dilates into a large cesophagus, or stomach, from which a distinct alimeutary canal passes. The eyeball is crystalline, with a dark spot like a peduncle, at the base of which lies the brain; at the junction of the natatory membrane with the neck is a nervous ganglion, from which nerves pass in various directions. The natatory membrane is elongated, tongue- shaped, covered with cilie; its marginal appendage, which is pro- bably an instrument for adhesion, is kidney-shaped. The foot, or opercle, is narrow, ovate. The pulsating organ is ovate, of an ochreous colour; the viscera within the spire of the shell are convoluted and straw-coloured. Mantle conspicuous, of the same colour. SHELL very delicate, with a keel nearly as broad as the shell itself, nearly circular, compressed, quite simple, merely exhibiting very faint lines of growth. Obtained by Mr. Dana in latitude 28° N. long. 178° E., to the westward of the Sandwich Islands. This animal is quite different from the preceding, and is unlike any species hitherto figured. It is described from the figures and notes of Mr. Dana. The anatomical details are well delineated. Figure 198, the animal and shell, enlarged; 198 a, the head, still more enlarged; 198%, the cervical ganglion and its branches; 198, natural size. ATLANTA VIOLACEA (Gould). 1’. nautiloidea, vix compressa, violacea, valde carinata: anfractus qua- tuor sensim crescentes : apertura elliptica, angulis rotundatis. SHELL violaceous, nautiloid, whorls four, the last volution not rapidly enlarging, and unusually distended; keel nearly as broad as the whorl at the aperture, which is elliptical, about twice as long as 124 A9A MOLLUSCA. broad, rounded at the extremities. Colour violaceous, deeper at the spire. Length, including the keel, three-eighths of an inch; breadth one- twelfth of an inch. Found in the stomach of a Bonito, taken in latitude 3° S., long. 20° W. This is a large shell, agreeing in colour with the species first de- scribed; but it is larger, less compressed, and the aperture is quite different. Described from a figure by Mr. Drayton. Figures 599, 599 a, lateral and superior views of the shell, enlarged ; 599 b, natural size. ATLANTA TESSELLATA (Gould). T. nautiloidea, compressa, carina angustata cincta: anfractus quatuor, maculis quadratis violacets seriatim dispositis ornati ; ultimo anfractu cito crescente: apertura angusta, ad angulum internum rotundata. SHELL nautiloid, compressed, the last whorl somewhat rapidly en- larging ; whorls four, with a very narrow keel around the angle: aper- ture narrow, oval, rounded at the inner extremity, acute at the outer angle: colour yellowish, with a series of square, violaceous spots fol- lowing around the middle of the spire. Greatest diameter one-fourth of an inch; transverse diameter one- fortieth of an inch. Found with the preceding. The remarkable series of quadrate spots is a very obvious distinctive character of this species. Figures 600, 600 a, two views of the shell, enlarged; 600 4, natural size. TON GAG Ty Ac 495 TUNICATA. CynTuta AMPHORA (Gould). C. subglobosa, ochracea, tenuis, longitudinaliter sulcis remotis segmentata et omnimode subtiliter corrugata. Orificia approximata, magna, la- bits eversis et incrassatis. Anima. sub-globose, colour ochreous, tinted orange, tunic thin, and rendered rough by short wrinkles running in all directions, surface also divided somewhat into segments by longitudinal furrows. Ori- fices approximate, large, remarkable for the eversion and thickening of their lip. The superior orifice is much the larger, and they both open at the end of short, thick, constricted tubes. Height an inch and a half; circumference three or four inches. Found abreast of Fort Santa Cruz, Rio Janeiro, in four or five fathoms of water. Figure 609, lateral view of the animal. Puatuusta vIoLAcea (Gould). P. nigro-violacea, erecta, ovato-cylindracea, coriacea, levigata, nitida: orificia subequalia, parva, mamillas subglobosas perforantia. Antmat blue-black, erect, of an ovate-cylindrical form, somewhat lobulated, of a rigid, leathery consistence, and smooth, shining surface. The orifices are very small, nearly equal in size, seated on large, rounded protuberances, one of which rises only to the base of the other. 496 MOLLUSCA. Height two and a half inches; diameter an inch and a half. A single specimen was taken, in three fathoms water, off the northern point of the entrance to the harbour of Rio Janeiro. [1. p. c. ] Figure 610, lateral view of the animal. ASCIDIA MONSTRANS. P. subglobosa, sursum porrecta et versus aperturam buccalem sensim angustata: apertura excretoria parva, valde inferior : tunica tenuis, levis, ex olivaceo aurantiaca demum sanguinea: labiis simplicibus, cihatis. ANIMAL small, subglobose at base, and produced towards the respi- ratory orifice in a long, tapering tube; the excretory orifice is very small, and seated far below the other, on a slight mammillation. ‘The tunic is thin, smooth, coriaceous, passing from olive-green at the base, through deep-orange to vermilion at the orifices; lips of the orifices simple, furnished with long, delicate ciliz, continually in motion. Height sometimes one inch; diameter about two-thirds the height. Obtained near the entrance of the harbour of Rio Janeiro, in three fathoms water, attached to old shells, &c. Couthouy. Figure 611, group of animals of different size. BoiTenta coacta (Gould). B. ovata, rigida, lanata, longitudinaliter rugosa, ochraceo-olivacea, pos- tice pedunculata: aperture subterminales, remote, cruciate, inermes, mmtus rosacee, mamillas obtruncantes. ANIMAL ovate, drawn out on one side into a peduncle of an inch and a half long, which terminates in a small, narrow, coriaceous, inflexible base. ‘This peduncle is quite slender at its lower part, and TUNICATA. - 497 suddenly dilates as it approaches the body, which floats nearly at a right angle with it; and this portion, together with the whole sac, is strongly marked by deep, longitudinal wrinkles. The apertures are remote, shaped like the ace of clubs, on the summit of a prominent mammilla near each extremity; internally they are deep lake-red. Ex- ternal colour dirty ochre, deepest in the furrows. The tunic is very thick and rigid, with a slight cretaceous feel to the knife, and covered with a short, stiff pubescence, much resembling hatter’s fe/t. It is but slightly contractile, though the orifices may be so contracted as to disappear entirely. Length of the sac two and a half inches; diameter just above pe- duncle one and a half inches. Dredged in sixteen fathoms, Orange Harbour. [3. p. c.] Figures 612, 612 a, two views of the animal. In addition to the above are several carefully-drawn figures of the aggregated Tunicata, with brief notes by Mr. Dana. Among them are specimens of Botryllus, Polyclinum, Euccelium, and some curious forms, which are not yet given in zoological works, so far as can be ascertained. Asit is impossible to describe such animals from figures alone, with any tolerable degree of accuracy, the few notes respecting them will be reserved, and added to the explanations of the figures in the Atlas. Every carefully-delineated figure of these obscure forms will be valuable. in the attempts at systematic arrangement which must hereafter be made. 125 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. #505 Page 174. Turso Lacinratus. A series of specimens, recently brought from New Caledonia, has shown that the specimen here de- scribed is a very young one. The shell grows to be quite large and massive, some measuring as much as three by two and a half inches. Sometimes the row of spines is double, the lower ones being smaller and more numerous than the upper. In older specimens the columella loses its rosy tint; the columellar tooth becomes a smooth undulation ; the inner and transverse lips advance, so that the aperture becomes remarkably hopper-shaped. Page 184. Trocuus TAntittus. Margarita angulata, A. Adams, Ann. and Mag. of Nat. History, Sep. 1855, seems to be the same shell. Page 185. Trocuus ticatus. Prof. KE. Forbes has given a descrip- tion of this in the Proceedings of the Zool. Society for 1850, p. 271, under the name of TJrochus castaneus, Nuttall, MS. In fresh speci- mens, there is a violet band just in front of the suture. Page 196. LitiopA pecussaTA. The figure referred to should be 252, instead of 232. Page 211. Narica Lewist. This noble shell has since been de- scribed as NV. herculea, Middendorf, Beitrage zur einer Malacol. Rossica (U849))) m1. 96. pl. 7; fies. 55 6, 7. Page 218. There should have been inserted a reference to the undetermined species of Pyramidella, probably Obeliscus terebelloides, A. Adams, delineated on account of the animal, at Figure 262. Page 219. Tricnorroprs pusILLA should precede 7! cancellata, hav- ing been accidentally omitted. The following description is copied from the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, iii. 197 (Apr. 1850). “T. minuta, rhomboideé, umbilico semicirculari perforata, albida, striis minutis volventibus cinct&; spira conic, an- fractibus 4—5 convexis, ultimo ventricoso et costis elevatis tribus cincto; apertur&é semicirculari; columell4 rectéi, ad planitiem labri acuti trilobati haud assurgente; umbilico semicirculari. Axis ¢ poll. Habitat, crevices of rocks beaten by surf, at Fishtown, Liberia. “This curious little shell was also collected by the Exploring Expe- dition, probably at the Cape de Verd Islands. No hairy epidermal processes appear on any of the specimens; yet I cannot doubt that #504 MOLLUSCA. it belongs to the genus where I have placed it.” Is it the Fossar of Adanson ? Figures 274, 274 a, ventral and dorsal views of the shell, much enlarged; 274 6, natural size. Page 241. The three following species have unfortunately been omitted in the text, the copy having accidentally been overlooked. TRITON BRASILIANUM. Testa rhomboidea, elongata, rufescens, epidermide tenui longitudinaliter hic illic fimbriato induta: spira conico-turrita, anfractibus sex tabula- tis, supernis costis quadratis duabus ad apicem granulatis cinctis ; anfractu ultimo triangulart costis sex undato-nodosis antrorsum dimi- nuentibus cincto, in rostrum viv recurcum producto: apertura dimi- diam long. teste wquans, ovato-lunata ; labro valdé varicoso, costis supereuntibus, interspatiis fuscis, plicis geminatis albis munitis ; colu- mella castaned rugis albis obliquis ornatd. Triton Brasilianum, Goutp; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 142. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 65. ANIMAL with the foot oblong-oval; head broad, depressed, separated by a fissure from the foot; proboscis short, hardly projecting beyond the head; tentacles stout, conical, compressed ; eyes on a considerable enlargement, about half way up on the outside, siphon protruding but slightly beyond the shell. Body, head, siphon, &c., of a fine reddish- brown colour, passing to yellowish towards the margin of the foot, and ornamented with numerous circular or oval black spots, surrounded by a narrow circle of bright gold colour; the spots are larger and sparser on the posterior portion of the foot than elsewhere ; under side of foot granular, greenish yellow, with scattered black dots sprinkled over it, its edge finely ocellated like the body. Motions sluggish. Suewi of medium size, rather light, elongated, ovate-fusiform, tur- reted; spire conical, with about six whorls, the upper ones cylindri- cal, with a broad, slightly excavated shoulder to each of them, encir- cled with two elevated square ribs, gradually diminishing to the apex, ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. #505 and on the uppermost whorls these are barred by distant longitudinal threads, so as to form beads at the points of intersection, and disappear on the penultimate whorl. The last whorl is ventricose, with a siphonal beak constituting about one-third its length; on this whorl are six revolving ribs, the upper ones the largest, and undate nodose, rendering the whorl angular behind; they gradually diminish in size, until they become mere threads anteriorly; the interspaces are con- cavely excavated, not clathrate. Aperture a little more than half the length of the shell, lunate ovate; outer lip regularly arched and for- tified by a large rounded varix, over which the ribs run to the edge of the aperture; on the inside of the lip, which is dark chestnut-coloured, between each of the ribs, is a double plicate denticle ; inner lip arched centrally, chestnut-coloured, variegated with irregular white wrinkles, and also with one or two white lamina posteriorly. Beak slightly re- curved; colour, shades of purple brown; the varix about equally checked with three white and three brown portions. In the fresh state it is covered with a thin, fibrous, fawn-coloured epidermis, which at intervals of about a quarter of an inch rises into a fibrous or capil- lary fringe. Length two inches; breadth an inch and a half. Found on rocks at low water, in the outer harbour, Rio Janeiro. I have been rather minute in the description, as the shell appears to be one of several which have been included in the Linnean 7. doliarium. Deshayes has indicated it to be a distinct species, but has not described it. The colouring is like that of 7. doliartwm or suc- cinctum, but the more angular form and the cincture is like 7. cuta- ceum ; from this it differs in colour, and in the form and denticulations of the lip. The aperture and peristome resemble 7. pileare in form and sculpture, though the sculpture and colouring of the outer lip is different. It is intermediate between 7! pileare and T. cutaceum. Figure 296, the shell, a small specimen; 296 a, animal and shell, as in crawling; 296 d, foot of the animal, with the shell. kK — tr = #06 MOLLUSCA. TRITON MUNDUM. Testa parva, solida, oblongo-rhomboidea, straminea, epidermide tenui, sparsiin hirsuto induta: spira conica, anfractibus quatuor, convextus- culis, ultimo gibboso, tri-nodoso, in rostrum rectiusculum attenuato, costulis tribus et liris intermedianis cincto et filis continuis longitudina- libus decussato: apertura angusta, ovalis, dimidiam teste adequans ; labro crasso, tuberculis geminatis septem crenato ; columelld arcuata, posticé dentiferd ; fauce albo. Triton mundum, GouLtp; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 11.145. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 66. Ania pale cream colour, with a few marginal dots; head, tenta- cles, and siphon minutely ocellate; foot very small. SHELL small, solid, dingy white, of an oblong, subrhomboidal form, covered with a thin, fibrous, pale yellow epidermis, bearing scattered hairs. The back of the last whorl has three longitudinally compressed nodose folds, considerably elevated, so as to render the back gibbous ; varices (one on each whorl) well developed, broad, elevated, under- mined posteriorly: surface girdled by equidistant slender ribs, three on the upper and six on the anterior whorl, between each of which are three fine, raised lines, of which the middle one is the largest; there are also threads around the beak; every portion is sculptured with raised, approximate, longitudinal threads, which cross alike all the elevations and depressions, rendering the whole surface reticulate and granular. Whorls four, but when the apex is entire there are three smooth, hyaline, additional ones, moderately convex, with a well-impressed suture, the anterior one suddenly contracting to a short, direct, very slightly recurved beak. Aperture nearly half the length of the shell, narrow oval, acute at extremes; outer lip with seven bifid, tubercular scollops, which are prolonged towards the fauces ; pillar moderately arched, with a prominent ridge-tooth posteriorly, and with smaller ridges throughout. Whole aperture clear white. Length seven-eighths of an inch; breadth two-fifths of an inch. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. #507 Inhabits Tutuila, Samoa Islands. This might be regarded as the young of 7. nodosum ; but besides bearing all the marks of maturity, it is more slender, the longitudinal lines are stronger, and the lip is white. Figure 297, the shell, enlarged; 297 a, the animal, with the shell, as in progression; 297 6, plantar view of the same. PHOS VARICOSUS. Testa elongata, lanceolata, fulvida, rubiginoso-cincta, costis lamellosis ad sexdecem clathrata, quorum ad tribus in singulis anfractibus, varicifor- mibus, pallidioribus, tinterspatiis duplo latioribus, concavis et lineis incrementi striatis, omnibus filis volventibus retrorsum acclinatis decus- satis: spira turrita, anfractibus novem vel decem superne turgidis : apertura angusta, lunata, posticé rotundata trientem longitudinis teste adequans ; labro simplict, intus sulcato, rosaceo ; columella quadri- plicata ; canali siphonali brevi. Phos varicosus ; Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. 145. May 1849. Expedition Shells, 66. SHELL elongated, lanceolate, pale fawn-colour girdled with ferrugi- nous, barred with about sixteen compressed ribs, about three of which on each whorl are thickened into pale varices; the spaces between these are about twice the width of the varices, with elevated lines of growth, decussated by revolving lines, which incline backwards; spire turreted, whorls nine or ten, turgid posteriorly; aperture narrow, lunate, rounded posteriorly, about one-third as long as the shell; lip simple, suleated within, rose-coloured ; columella four-plaited ; siphonal canal short. Length an inch and an eighth; breadth nine-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the Philippine Islands. This curious shell is somewhat anomalous, having the varicose spire of a Triton, but the unequivocal aperture of Phos. It may be com- #508 MOLLUSCA. pared with P. retecosus, Hinds, having the more slender form and finer reticulation, but with the peculiar varicose lip, and nearly the same size and colour. It is, perhaps, still more like P. senticosus, but it is much less asperous, and peculiarly inflated near the suture. Figure 560, ventral, and 360 a, dorsal view of the shell. a Page 247. RicinuLA TUBERCULATA. Refer to Figure 305, shell, with the animal, as in crawling; 305 a, plantar view of the animal and shell. Page 256. Buccinum rartnosum. The reference should be to Figure 323, instead of 515. Page 274. Mirra cApiLLAta. Reference should be made to Figure ool. Page 290. PrroNIA INDOLENS. Reference to Figure 382 has been omitted. Page 299. Third line from top, for “ dorsal” read “ ventral.” Page 307. Six lines from bottom, for “lateral” read “ dorsal.” Page 314. Nine lines from top, for “ valves” read “ areas.” Page 331. Curron Lignosus. For “ Middendorff” read “ Wosnes- senski,” and refer to Figure 424. Page 338. At bottom, for “449” read “439.” Page 394. Macrra pestis. The specimen was accidentally crushed, and the figure necessarily omitted. Page 595. LutrartA MAxImA. As this name was previously given to a fossil species by Jonas (Menke’s Zeitschrift, March 1844, p. 54), the name given by me, L. capax, will stand. Page 412. Donax crocatus. Specimens lost, and therefore not engraved. Page 419. Venus ToREUMA is probably V. crebrisulca, as given by Sowerby, Thes. Conch., f. 187-9. Page 4530. Unio porsuosus. The shell recently described by Mr. Conrad under the name of U. Napeanensis (Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, il. 296, pl. 26, f. 4), seems to be identical with this. ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. #509 Page 462. GaArmArpIA TRAPESINA. In Mr. Gray’s Synopsis of the Genera of Shells in the British Museum (1840), he indicates the genus Modiolarea without description, naming this shell as the type, asso- ciating it with Crenella to form the family Crenellidx. Subsequent comparison showed it to be incompatible with this arrangement, which led Mr. Gray to give, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for April 1854, the anatomical characters of the animal, and to institute the family Modiolarcadx. In a note to this description he alludes to the description previously made in this volume, which is in fact much more in detail than his own. Whether, with this mere indication of a name for the genus, without any specified characters, and its erroneous association, his name is to obtain, instead of that in which the anatomical characters were first given, I must leave to the candor of conchologists at large. Page 464. Osrrea piscomEa. By some chance a wrong shell seems to have been figured at 578. . i a : 7 7 iS - i, ° .« ke vy : ~ *9a cece ee 194 ‘ery 0am i, ooo “oe ee at a j' eS Wal Le 2). 7 wn rs ie; = : 7 ay : 7 ot 7 : - = D tala 4ea.4 sid nies fi eT 7 a f = one +t ee iG Rye <6 ) inleeast A 7 , oe _ T . Jo a ' : ; j we > h ‘ ihgnae co ee B* i ae : : 1 - > _ " : hie G0 dae) ipa gr lt | > : t | ‘5 7 = YY | san ath al wt x . . a aa Mr od oft (eee 4s ap eeeeile at f. ie a tee : ae) ae See soe te -” oe : 7 . : .) Lo ite va ae © a a 2A | ml ee oe <7 D o - re i 7 . aa A) bs dlaheng Tea or 7 (2 , a wares Ani afte ata wn ope Ht Hedy mae tt a | y y : 7 7 7 > fv rial a fs clk P a ¢ Tp et be ve q ws _. a é 7 + ull wh Sees ie pili . hl ph hege > , ; ; mayen cilins wi hi asenhegy ae ip mee »- 9 : ae ie i ice iv elise a iq ua iW " veg = ‘on - at a san =, 7 a , ; un (ay ak A) ee cesiiee 7, a ayy out va hy , mk ae a : : M All see | a OPA ie A ae ‘i 7 i ae - wy 7 ia a Soe tas. La oe rhe =a) ¥ Lo a a 7 i : cA aa oa a ind be s) =~? e wy OG 7 a 7 _ “a “~~ bk i : y. - ou ce : a a thy bate = ai a ala on ic A Acanthophorus bitentaculatus, G., 2 AcEPHALA, 384 Achatina accineta, Migh., 89 accincta, Pf., 89 chilensis, Less., 79 Sandwicensis, Pf., 89 Achatinella accincta, Migh. (an.), 88-90 acuminata, G., 87 cerealis, G., 90 ellipsoidea. G., 87 guttula, G., 89 marmorata, G., 85 macrostoma, G., 87 nubilosa, G., 86 tristis, Fer., 87 ventulus, Fer., 86, 87 Acmea ancylus, Esch., 356 mitra, Esch., 347 patina, Esch., 352 persona, Esch., 356 radiata, Esch., 356 Acaptna, G., 486 Alasmodonta falcata, G., 433 margaritifera, 434 Ambrette fragile, Souleyet, 16 Amnicola badia, G., 126 cihata, G., 129 corolla, G., 129 gracilis, G., 127 Sayana, 108 Amphidesma croceum, G., 399 solidum, Gray, 400 Ampullacera Busbyi, G., 215 Ampullaria columellaris, G., 128 Anodonta areolata, Sw., 430 angulata, Lea, 437 cognata, G., 435 cygnea, Lam., 435 feminalis, G., 436 glauca, G., 434 puberula, G., 434 INDEX. Anodonta fluviatilis, 436 Ancylus aduneus, G., 125 concentricus, D’Orb., 126 Aplysia longicauda, Q., 224 pulmonica, G., 223 striata, Q., 226 Arca Deshaysii, 424 sobria, G., 423 Argonauta geniculata, G., 470 tuberculata, 470 argo, 471 Arion empiricorum, 4 foliolatus, G., 2 Arthemis lambata, G., 422 lincta, 422 ANTHORACOPHORUS, G., 1 Ascidia monstrans, G., 496 Auricula leporis, Lk., 78 Atlanta violacea, G., 493 tessellata, G., 494 Avicula fueata, G., 441, 443 glabra, G., 442 lurida, G., 440, 442 maculata, G., 443 margaritifera, L., 437 nigra, G., 438 pica, G., 443 vidua, G., 439 Balea peregrina, G., 91 Bembicium squamiferum, Koch, 192 Boltenia coacta, G., 496 Botryllus, 497 Buccinum amplustre, Martyns, 238 calear, Martyns, 237 coccinella, 263 cancellarioides, Reeve, 232 corrugatum, 265 Cuvieri, 261 farinosum, G., 255° Jimbriatum, Martyns, 228 fossatum, G., 254 500 INDEX. Buccinum funereum, G., 253 Bulla elegans, 222 Gruneri, Dunk., 262 fusca, 222 Jonasii, Dunk., 260 parallela, G., 220 macula, 261 rubiginosa, G., 221 marginulatum, 262 solida, 220 neriteum, L., 191 3ullia? velata, G., 252 orbita, Chem.. 246 Bursatella lacinulata, C., 223 pictum, Dunk., 257 Calyptrea chlorina, G., 380 scabrum, Dunk., 259 Calyptrea equestris, 381, 382 teniatum, Reeve, 244 fastigiata, G., 379 velatum, G., 252 lithedaphus, 382 viltatum, 253 pileolus, D’Orb., 379 Buliminus proteus, Beck, 78 radiosa, G., 381 Bulimulus graniger, Beck, 79 squama, Desh., 379 Bulimus auriculatus, Pf., 84 Capulus sagittifer, G., 383 auris leporis (an.), Brug., 78 Cardium Californianum, 419 bacterionides, Q., 77 blandum, G., 418 badiosa, Fer., 74 Icelandicum, 419 beticata, Reeve, 74 Cardita borealis, Conr., 417, 418 chilensis, Lk. (an.), 79 procera, G., 416 ciliatus, G., 75 ventricosa, G., 417 egregius, Pf., 77 Cerithium aduncum, G., 147 elatior, Pf., 92 eelatum, C., 148, 150 elobatus, G., 72 columna, Sowb., 146 eximius, 80 egenum, G., 151 Favannu, Lk., 75 Emersonu, Adams, 151 fulguratus, Jay (an.), 73-80 ferrugineum, Say, 151 goniostoma, 78 filosum, G., 149 granulosus, Brod., 79 Hegewischu, Pf., 144 hordeaceus, 90 invaginatum, G., 146 hybridus, G., 77 irroratum, G., 148 junceus, G., 76 janthinum, G., 152 levus, 82 lacteum, Kiener, 152 lagotis, Menke, 78 muscarum, Say, 145 malleatus, Jay (an.), 72, 73, 81 ocellatum, Lam., 147, 148 morosus, G., 72 pusillum, G., 150 multicolor, 78 sacratum, G., 144 prolatus, G., 74 sardoum, Cantr., 149 proteus, Brod. (an.), 78 sordidulum, G., 145 pruninus, G., 73 turritella, 149 Shongii, Less. (an.), 79 varicosum, Sowb., 144 sordidus, Lam., 78 Chilina fluctuosa, D’Orb., 123 Vanikorensis, Desh., 85 fluminea, Gray, 124 velutino-hispidus, Moric., 76 fragilis, Gray, 123 varius, Pf., 85 major, Gray, 124 versicolor, 83 pulchra, D’Orb., 124 vexillum, Brug., 35 Cutormra, G., 309 Bulla aplustre, 221 leonina, G., 310 ampulla, L,, 221 Chiton alternatus, Sowb., 322 amygdalus, 221 apiculatus, Say, 325 bifasciata, Mart., 220 asperrimus, C., 326 diaphana, C., 222 atratus, Sowb. (an.), 329 Chiton australis, Sowb., 332 Boweni, King, 330) brevispinosus, 314 castaneus, C., 322, 326 catenulatus, Sowb., 321 cerasinus, Chem., 325) ciliatus, Sowb., 323 Collei, Reeve, 314 confossus, G., 327 coquimbensis, Fremb. (an.), 333 dentiens, G., 321 disjunctus, Fremb. (an.), 329 evanidus, Sowb., 332 foveolatus, Sowb., 313 Fremblyi, Brod., 331 fruticosus, G., 319, 321 Hindsii, Reeve, 323 incanus, G., 315 incisus, 318° Indicus, 320 interstinetus, G., 322 Janeirensis, Sowb. (an.), 333 jaspideus, G., 325 jugosus, G., 317 lignosus, G., 330 lineolatus, Fremb. (an.), 332 longicymba, Q., 319, 321 Merckii, Wossn., 323, 330 muscosus, G., 313 eruvianus, Lam. (an.), 332 ? ? petaloides, G., 328 piceus, 315 petholatus, 315 platessa, G., 320 pruinosus, G., 316 puniceus, C., 324 quercinus, G., 312 ruber, 324 setiger, King (an.), 330 setosus, Sowb., 314 sculptus, Sowb., 328 Siculus, 318 Sitchensis, Midd., 322 solea, Sowb., 320 Stangert, Reeve, 318 vespertinus, G., 323 violaceus, Q. (an.), 331 viridulus, C., 318 zelandicus, Q. (an.), 333 Chitonellus fasciatus, Q. (an.), 333 Cingula Peteningensis, G., 130 Cleodora exacuta, G., 488 INDEX. Cleodora faleata, G., 490 munda, G., 489 placida, G., 490 virgula, Rang, 489 Clithon undatus, Less., 163 CoLuMBELLA, animal of, 270 Columbella Broderipu, Reeve, 268 avara, Say, 269 castanea, G., 267, 269 gausapata, G., 267 fl ligula, Duclos. (an.), 270 mendicaria, L. (an.), 270 unicolor, 267, 269 valga, G., 268 Conus ammiralis, Lin., 214, 287 corallinus, Kien., 287 dilectus, G., 286 Hebreus, L. (an.), 288 miles, L. (an.), 287 miliaris, Brug. (an.), 289 minimus, L. (an.), 290 nanus, Brod. (an.), 288 sponsalis, Brug. (an.), 289 vexillum, Mart. (an.), 287 Crania radiosa, G., 465 Crenatula pergaminea, G., 447 Crepidula capensis, Q., 376 costata, Desh. (an.), 377 lingulata, G., 376, 377 nummaria, G., 377 rostriformis, G., 375 Cyclas cornea, 425, 426 egregia, G., 425 elegans, Adams, 402 patella, G., 426 Cyclostoma diatretum, G., 105 dubium, Pf., 108 obligatum, G., 104 orbella, Lam., 105 plicatum, G., 103, 104 roseum, G., 105 rubens, Q., 106 scitulum, G., 108 strigatum, G., 102, 104 terebrale, G., 106, 108 tiara, G., 101, 103 tugrinum, 33 vallatum, G., 107, 108 Cynthia amphora, G., 495 Cyprea arenosa, Gray (an.), 285 asellus, L. (an.), 282 cameola, L. (an.), 284 126 N 501 502 Cyprea caurica, L. (an.), 283 eburna, Barnes (an.), 285 errones, L. (an.), 284 felina, Gm. (an.), 283 fimbriata, Gmel. (an.), 282 Humphreysii, Gray (an.), 284 histrio, Kiener, 282 lutea, Desh., 284 lynx, L. (an.), 285 maculata, Barnes, 282 obvallata, Reeve, 286 obvelata, Lam. (an.), 286 olivacea,Lam., 284 poraria, L. (an.), 284 reticulata, Martyns (an.), 282 testudinaria, L. (an.), 281 tigris, L. (an.), 281 Cypricardia coralliophaga, Reeve, 389 rosea, G., 389 solenoides, Reeve, 389 Cyrena debilis, G., 427 pusula, 427 Cytherea divaricata, 416 Dendronotus, 311 Diphyllidia rubida, G., 307 Dombeya fasciata, G., 123 fluminea, G., 124 obovata, G., 124 Donax crocatus, G., 412 cuneata, 412 pallidus, G., 410 tinctus, G., 411 scalpellum, 412 Doris aspersa, G., 304 aurita, G., 299 aurea, Q., 299 cardinalis, G., 302 cerebralis, G., 298 cruenta, Q., 300 dorsalis, G., 304 flammulata, Q., 301 lilacina, G., 297 luteola, C., 295 marginata, Q., 303 petechialis, G., 296 plumulata, C., 294 Sandwichensis, Souley., 301, 302 smaragdina. G., 300 spiraculata, G., 300 sumptuosa, G., 302, 303 superba, G., 301, 302 vermicelli, G., 293 INDEX. Elasmatina, 94 Elysia lobata, G., 308 Emarginula aspera, G., 372 australis, Q., 373 cinerea, G., 373 fungina, G., 374 ossea, G., 373 parmophoidea, Q., 375 rugosa, Q., 372 Eolis attenuatus, C., 305 cyanella, C., 306 Erycina ovata, G., 401 quadrata, G., 402 Eucelium, 497 Eulima, 208 Fissurella cratitia, G., 367 cruciata, G., 365 afra, Q., 365 caffra, Chem., 365 greca, L., 367 maxima, 367 minuta, Sowb., 365 occidens, G., 364 picta, Lam. (an.), 367 verna, G., 366 obtusa, Sowb., 367 Fusus bamffius, 232, 235 cancellatus, Reeve, 241 crispus, G., 229 decolor, Phil. (an.), 230 fidicula, G., 233-235 Geversianus, Pallas (an.), 227 incisus, G., 232 laciniatus, Martyns, 228 lamellosus, 232 liratus, C., 231 Oregonensis, Reeve, 241 orpheus, G., 234 plumbeus, Phil. (an.), 230 sublutus, G., 235 turricula, 234 ventricosus, 232 Garmarpia, G., 460 trapesina, G., 459 GasTEROPODA, 1 Goniodoris, 311 Halotis austrahs, 209 crispata, G., 208 stomatie-formis, Reeve, 209 zuzac, 209 Helicella trochiformis, Fer., 61 Helicina beryllina, G., 95 Helicina constricta, Pf., 94 fulgora, G., 97, 98, 99 laciniosa, Mighels, 98, 99 maugeriw, Gray (an.), 95 musiva, G., 98 miniata, Less., 97 multicolor, G., 100 oxystoma, Gray, 97 pallida, G., 96 rupestris, Pf., 100 similis, Sowb., 96 trochlea, G., 99 uberta, G., 94 Helix acies, Fer., 58 albolabris, Say, 65 alpina, 37 alternata, Say, 37 auris leporis, Fer., 78 badia, 65 bursatella, G., 50, 55 Bushyi, Gray, 215 Californianus, Lea, 65 calculosa, G., 48 calva, G., 32 chersina, 8., 48 cicercula, G., 43, 45, 47 coarctata, Pf., 53 columbiana, Lea, 68 concava, Binney, 36 concava, Say, 37, 38, 39 contorta, Fer., 55, 56 contundata, Fer., 71 contusa, Fer., 71 costellata, D’Orb., 40 cressida, G., 57, 61 cryptoportica, G., 44 cubensis, Pf., 34 cultrata, G., 46 dedalea, G., 54, 56 devia, G., 69 dissimilis, D’Orb., 42 electrina, G., 41, 46 elegans, 61 Eurydice, G., 60, 61 exequata, G., 47 Jidelis, Gray, 66 fornicata, G., 50 furva, Lowe, 12 germana, G., 70 gulosa, G., 64, 65 gradata, G., 49 hirsuta, Say, 71 INDEX. 503 Helix hystrix, Migh., 55° indentata, S., 47, 50 inflecta, S., 69 intaminata, G., 35 interna, Say, 46, 47 intorta, 35 irradiata, G., 34 wrregularis, 30 Jacquinoti, 53 labiosa, G., 67 loricata, G., 68 lucida, 43 lucubrata, Say, 33 lurida, G., 31, 32 lychnuchus, 32 lyrata, C., 39, 43 marginata, Mull., 61, 62 monodon, Rackett, 71 morandi, 32 nitidiuscula, Sowb., 64 Nouleti, Le Guil., 30 Nuttalliana, Lea (an.), 66 obolus, G., 53 olivetorum, 33 palhata, S., 68, 71 pauxillus, G., 40 pedestris, G., 65 pertenuis, G., 45 planorboides, Less., 59, 61 pusillus, G., 39, 41 pyramdata, 63 radvata, 51 rubiginosa, G., 50 rubricata, G., 30, 31 rufa, Less., 59 ruida, G., 65 rupestris, 40 saxatilis, 40 Schmidtu, 37 scorpio, G., 33 seligera, G., 55 solarium, Q., 59, 61 spirillus, G., 38, 41 sportella, G., 37 stellula, G., 56 striata, Drap., 42 striatella, Anth., 49, 51 strigosa, G., 36 subrutila, Migh., 44, 45 subtilissima, G., 48 tentoriolum, G., 63 tigrina, 37 504 Helix Tongana, Q., 45 Townsendiana, Lea (an.), 65, 66, 71 trochiformis, Pf., 61 trochilionides, D’Orb., 39 Troilus, G., 58 tumida, Pf., 65 tumulus, G., 62 Valenciennes, 35 Vancouverensis, Lea, 36 velutina, Sowb., 30, 31 zaleta, Say, 30 ziezac, G., 41 Hipponix imbricata, G., 379 pilosa, 380 foliacea, Q., 380: Hyalea inermis, G., 487 femorata, G., 487 Janthina exigua, Lam., 226 fragilis, 227 Lacuna carinata, G., 194 vincta, 195 Lepracuatina, G., 88 Leptoconchus madreporarum, G., 378 Limageina scaphoidea, G., 485 cucullata, G., 486: inflata, Gray, 486 Limaz bitentaculatus, Q. and G., 1, 2 columbianus, G., 3 fuliginosus, G.. 5 olivaceus, G., 4 Limnea apicina, Lea, 122 catascopium, Say, 18 desidiosa, Say, 121 elodes, Say, 119 lepida, G., 121 Oahuensis, Souley., 122 pallida, Adams, 121 umbrosa, Say, 20, 122 volutata, G., 122 Limnée de Oahu, 119 voisine, 119 Litiopa decussata, G., 195 maculata, Rang, 196 striata, Pf., 196 Littorina acuminata, G.,. 200 angulifera, 181, 182 araucana, D’Orb., 203 balthica, 130 caliginosa, G., 198 grandinosa, Desh. (an.), 203 lepida, G., 199, 200 lineata, 199, 201 INDEX. Littorina obesa, Sowb. (an.), 202 patula, G., 197 Peruyiana, Gray (an.), 203 plena, G., 201 planazis, Nutt., 198 pyramidalis, G., 202 rudis, 104 scutulata, G., 200, 202 tenebrosa, 198, 200 Loligo todarus, Raf., 482 Bartrami, Fer., 182 sagittata, Lam., 482 Lottia araneosa, G., 347 cymbiola, G., 350 onychina, G., 355 pintadina, G., 351 scabra, G., 348, 356 scurra? Less. (an.). 356 scutum, Esch. (an.), 356 testudinalis, 351 textilis, G., 348, 349 variabilis, Gray, 352, 354 Lottia viridula, Lam. (an.), 353, 355 zebrina, Less. (an.), 352, 355 Lucina fibula, Reeve, 416 filan, Adans., 413, 415 inculta, G., 412 interrupta, 416 Jamarcensis, 410 lenticula, G., 413 ramulosa, G., 415 tugermia, 416 undata, 415 vesicula, G., 414 Machera costata, G., 403 Mactra Brasilana, 393 cuneola, G., 390 debilis, G., 394 deluta, G., 391 faleata, G., 393 laterahs, Say, 390 lentiginosa, G., 395 ovalis, G., 393 marcida, G., 392 lactea, 392 Mangelia cithara, G., 250 Hornbeckit, 250 pessulata, 250 Margarita cinerea, C., 186, 187 conica, D’Orb., 194 Magellanica, G., 192 obscura, C., 197 Margarita persica, G., 193 Megaspira elata, G., 91 Melampus mucronatus, G., 204 luteus, 205 Melania abjecta, Hald., 141 amarula, 132 aspirans, Hinds, 136 bulbosa, G., 142 bellicosa, Hinds, 133 corporosa, G., 137 cybele, G., 132 decollata, Lk., 137 funiculus, Q., 136 furfurosa, G., 139 lutosa, G., 136, 138 perfusca, Anth., 142 perpinguis, Hinds, 142 plicata, Lea, 141 plicifera, Lea, 143 proxuma, Say, 142 scabra, 140 scipio, G., 134, 143 scitula, G., 140, 142 silicula, G., 141, 144 spinifera, Ad., 129 spinulosa, 129 terpsichore, G., 133 tetrica, G., 133 truncatula, Lk., 141 Vainafa, G., 138 Virginica, Say, 137, 139 Winteri, v. d. Busch, 133 Melanopsis Zelandica, G., 130 prerosa, 131 levigata, Lam., 131 Meleagrina margariufera, 437, 439, 441 Melo Broderipii, Gray (an.), 280 regius, Brod., 280 Mesodesma glabella, Desh., 401 mundum, G., 400 striata, 400, 412 Mitra acuminata, Sw. (an.), 276 adusta, Lam. (an.), 276 ambigua, Sw. (an.), 276 capillata, G., 273 cinerea, Reeve, 276 cophina, G., 271, 273 crenifera, 273 elegans, Reeve (an.), 278 encausta, G., 274 exasperata, Chemn. (an.), 278 fidicula, G., 275 INDEX. 505 Mitra filosa, Born (an.), 278 fraga, Q., 277 glabra, Swains., 271 hebes, Reeve, 273 lutea, G., 276 maculosa, Reeve (an.), 277 nodosa, Sw. (an.), 277 retusa, Gray, 277 rorata, G., 272 semen, Reeve, 274 suturata, Reeve, 272 subulata, 271 torulosa, Lam., 278 tuberculata, Kien., 277 virgata, Reeve (an.), 277 vitellina, G., 270 Modoola trapesina, Lam., 459 Modiolarca pusilla, 455 Monoceros breve, Sowb., 237 imbricatum, Lam. (an.), 237 Monodonta atropurpurea, G., 189 colubrina, G., 183 instricta, G., 190 papullosa, Lk., 203 rotellina, G., 191 Monotigma, 218 Murex amplustre, Chem., 238 anus, L., 240 fruticosus, G., 236 lamellosus, Lam., 228 Magellanicus, Gm., 228 Magellanicus, Chem., 241 nodulferus, Sowb., 237 Mya precisa, G., 384 truncata, 385 Mytilus algosus, G., 450 areolatus, G., 452 demissus, Lam., 450 divaricatus, G., 449 edulis, L., 451 flabellatus, G., 453 hamatus, Say, 450 hepaticus, G., 454 Magellanicus, 449 pusillus, G., 455 pyriformis, G., 451 trossulus, G., 450 vulgaris, 453 Nanina casca, G., 31 irradiata, G., 34 fricata, G., 32 lurida, G., 31 127 506 INDEX: Nanina rubricata, G., 29 Neritina cholerica, G., 156 scorpio, G., 33 chrysocolla, G., 158 Nassa, animal of, 267 communis, 159 ai acinosa, G., 261 casta, G., 260 cinctella, G., 259 curta, G., 258 granifera, Kien. (an.), 266 lilacina, G., 265 lurida, G., 257, 266 mendica, G., 263 muricata, Q. (an.), 259, 266 musiva, 258 paupera, G., 262 perpnguis, Hinds, 264 rubricata, G., 264 trivittata, Say, 255, 264 Natica algida, G., 214 borealis, Gray, 214, 215 caurina, G., 212 Natica dilecta, G., 213 globosa, 214 Grenlandica, 213 heros, Say, 212 ammaculata, Totten, 213 impervia, Phil., 213 Lewisii, G., 211 lupinus, Desh., 214 maroceana, 214 soluta, G., 215 NavicELia, 154 elliptica, Lam., 156 Entrecasteauxi, Recluz, 155 Freycineti, Recluz (an.), 155 porcellana, Chem. (an.), 156 cornea, L. (an.), 157, 163 dubia, Chem., 163 gagates, Desh. (an.), 163 granosa, Sowb. (an.), 162 helvola, G., 165 Lamarckii, Desh. (an.), 162 lugubris, 159 Nuttalli, Recl. (an.), 162 poreata, G., 157 ruginosa, Reel. (an.), 164 Rumphu, Recluz, 160 siderea, G., 160 spmnosa, Sowb., 163 Taitensis, Soul. (an.), 161 undata, Desh. (an.), 163 zebra, Chem., 163 Nucula celata, Hinds, 425 Nucula rostrata, 425 suleulata, G., 424 Octopus Fontainianus, D’Orb., 472 furvus, G., 475 granulatus, Lam., 475 Indicus, 479 macropus, Risso, 476, 478 megalocyathus, G., 473 membranaceus, Q., 247 mimus, G., 473 mollis, G., 479 ornatus, G., 476 pusillus, G., 478 rugosus, Bl., 475, 478 tehuelcha, D’Orb., 472 Suffreni, Recluz, 155 tetracirrhus, Chaije, 476 Nerita albicilla, Lin. (an.), 167 tetricus, G., 474 crassa, G., 166 vulgaris, 475 Guillouana, Recl., 167 Oliva carneola, Gm. (an.), 281 musiva, G., 165 Ommastrephes insignis, G., 480 plicata, Lin. (an.), 167 Onychoteuthis Banksii, Fer., 483 signata, 166 brevimanus, G., 483 Turtoni, Recluz, 165 Tutilus, G., 482 undata, Lin. (an.), 167 Osteodesma bracteatum, G., 397 undulata, 167 Brasiliense, C., 398 Neritina amena, G., 159 hyalina, Conr., 398 ampullaria Less., 163 Ostrea circumsuta, G., 462 betica, 161 denticulata, Lam., 462 Brugueert, 157, 158 discoidea, G., 463 Catfra, Gray (an.), 146 glomerata, G., 461 eanalis, Sowb. (an.), 157, 158, 161 mordax, G., 464 INDEX. 507 Ostrea spathulata, Lam., 462 Patella talcosa, G., 334 Otostomus lagotis, Beck, 78 testudinaria, L., 334, 337 Paludina acuta, 128 textilis, G., 349 decisa, Say, 76 tramoserica, Chem., 337, 339, 340, 343 Preissii, 127 viridula (an.), 349, 353 Panopea Aldrovandi, 386 vulgata, 337 antarctica, G., 386 Patelloidea orbicularis, Q., 348 arctica, 387 Pecten letus, G., 456 generosa, G., 385 Tslandicus, 457 Partula auriculata, Brod., 84 rubidus, Hinds, 457 bulimoides, Less., 82 hericius, G., 457 conica, G., 81 caurinus, G., 458 Owaihiensis, 84 maximus, 459 pusilla, G., 83 Magellanicus, 459 Taheitana, Brug. (an.), 84, 85 Jacobeus, 459 Vanikorensis, Q. (an.), 85 Peex, G., 153 varia, Brod. (an.), 85 lateralis, G., 153 zebrina, G., 82 Perna argillacea, G., 444 Patella araneosa, G., 347 ephippium, L., 444 argentata, Gray (an.), 345 eremita, G., 446 argentea, 340 nana, G., 445 Candei, D’Orb., 336 torva, G., 445 cinnamomea, G., 345 Peronia acinosa, G., 291 citrullus, G., 335 corpulenta, G., 293 compressa, 346 indolens, C., 290 conica, G., 346 irrorata, G., 291 cymbularia, Lk. (an.), 340, 341 marginata, C., 292 cymbuloides, D’Orb., 341 patelloidea, 291 deaurata, Lam. (an.), 343 Phallusia violacea, G., 495 ferruginea, Wood (an.), 342, 343 monstrans, 496 fimbriata, G., 344 Phastanella Peruviana, Lk., 203 flammea, Gm., 343 stilfera, Turt., 208 fusca, Dillw., 341, 342 Pholas patula, G., 384 Galathea, Lam., 345 latissima, Sowb., 384 granularis, Q., 340, 344 truncata, 384 gutata, D’Orb., 338 Physa ancillaria, Say, 116, 117 illuminata, G., 340 fontinalis, 116 instabilis, G., 346 gibbosa, G., 117, 118 luctuosa, G., 336 gyrina, Say, 120 magellanica, Gm., 341, 342 heterostropha, Say, 116 monticula, Nutt., 354 hypnorum, 88, 120 mytilina, Schub., 341 Nove Hollandia, Gray, 117 ornata, Sowb., 337 reticulata, G., 118 Paumotensis, G., 339 rivalis, Mich. (an.), 120 pintadina, G., 344 sinuata, G., 118 piperata, G., 338 tabulata, G., 116, 117 pyramidata, 334 variabilis, Gray, 117 sagittata, G., 337 venustula, G., 115 scabra, G., 348 virginea, G., 120 scurra, Less., 347, 357 Pileopsis erystallina, G., 382 scutellaris, 338 Pinna seminuda, 449 508 Pinna senticosa, G., 448 Placobranchus ianthobaptus, G., 307 ocellatus, 307 Planaxis lineolatus, G., 203 Planorbis carinatus, 113 corpulentus, Say (an.), 113 deflectus, Say, 113 exacutus, Say, 113 ferrugineus, Spix (an.), 114 kermatoides, D’Orb. (an.), 114 opercularis, G., 113 trivolvis. Say, 114 vermicularis, G., 112 vortex, 54 y Pleurotoma seminifera, G., 248 tigrina, Lam. (an.), 249 iterrupta, Lam., 249 babylonica, 249 Pollia, Gray, 233 Polyclinum, 497 Poronia ovata, G., 401 Potamis, 144 Psammobia florida, G., 403 vespertina, 403 Preropopa, 485 Pupa auris leporis, Gray, 78 elata, G., 92 fallax, Say, 107 Gouldu, Binney, 93 peponum, G., 93 Purpura abbreviata, Kien., 227 armigera, Lam. (an.), 245 chocolotta, 243 elongata, BI. (an.), 246 JSenestrata, Q., 246 monodonta, Q., 378 madreporarum, Sowb., 378 neritoidea, Q., 246 ostrina, G., 244 orbita, Sowb., 246 scobina, Q., 245 succincta, Martyns (an.), 246 teniata, Powis (an.), 244 violacea, Kien. (an.), 246 Pyramidella, 218 amhigua, G., 217 Pyrula deformis, Lam. (an.), 227 neritoidea, Lam., 246 Ranella bufonia, Gm. (an.), 242 gyrinus, Desh. (an.), 242 ranina, Lam., 242 INDEX. Ranella ventricosa, Brod. (an.), 243 vexillum, Sowb. (an.), 242 Ricinula arachnoides, Lam. (an.), 247 clathrata, Lam. (an.), 248 horrida, Lam. (an.) 247 tuberculata., Bl. (an.), 247 Rimula cognata, G., 371 conica, D’Orb. (an.), 370 cucullata, G., 368 galeata, G., 369 Noachina, 372 Rissoa ambigua, G., 217 Saxidomus Nuttalli, Conr., 399, 421 Scalaria australis, Lam., 206 borealis, G., 207 gracilenta, G., 205 gracilis, Sowb., 206 texturata, G., 206 turricula, Sowb., 206 Sepioteuthis arctipinnis, G., 479 loliginiformis, D’Orb., 480 Sigaretus antarcticus, C., 216 pretenuis, C., 217 Siphonaria atra, 358 antarctica, C., 362 cornuta, G., 357, 359 inculta, G., 358 lateralis, C., 363 lepida, G., 360 Lessoni, Blainv. (an.), 154, 361, 364 normalis, G., 359 plicata, Q., 361 Solarium dealbatum, Hinds, 197 egenum, G., 196 Solen costatus, Say, 388 radiatus, 389 scalprum, G., 388 sicarius, G., 387 viridis, Say, 388 Spiriale rostrale, Eyd., 486 Stenostoma auritura, Spix, 78 Stilifer acicula, G., 207 subulatus, 208 turton, Brod., 208 Stomatella decolorata, G., 210 maculata, Quoy, 211 tumida, G., 209 Streptaxis contusa, Gray (an.), 71 STYLOCHEILUS, G., 224 lineolatus, G., 225 quercinus, G., 226 INDEX. 509 Succinea amphibia, 19, 22 Terebratula Patagonica, G., 469 aperta, Lea, 16 avara, Say, 27 caduca, Mighels, 26, 27 campestris, Say, 24 cepulla, G., 16 canella, G., 27 crocata, G., 28 explanata, G., 13 humerosa, G., 18, 22 infundibuliformis, G., 19, 20 magellanica, G., 24, 26 manuana, G., 25, 28 modesta, G., 23 lumbalis, G., 17 ovalis, 22, 23 procera, G., 20 pudorina, G., 21, 23, 28 putamen, G., 13, 15 rotundata, G., 14, 15, 17 rubescens, 21 tusticana, G., 28 venusta, G., 22, 26 vesicalis, G., 21 Tellina casta, Hanley, 410 compta, G., 406 capsoides, Lam., 403 concentrica, G., 404 crucigera, 408 decora, Say, 406 exculta, G., 407 lauta, G., 406, 408 maculata, 405 perula, G., 409 Philippu, Anton, 408 pristis, Lam., 404 pulchella, 405 rastellum, Hanley, 405, 408 rhomboides, Q., 406 tithonia, G., 405 valtonis, Hanley, 409 vurgata, 405 Terebra babylonia, Lam. (an.), 251 cerulescens, Lam. (an.), 251 crenulata, L. (an.), 250 dimidiata, L. (an.), 251 levigata, Gray (an.), 251 subulata, Lin. (an.), 251 Terebratula australis, 468, 469 eaurina, G., 468 pulvinata, G., 467, 468 vitrea, 467 Tornatella bullata, G., 218 128 puncto-striata, Ad., 219 venusta, 219 Tornatellina, 94 Trichotropis cancellata, Hinds (an.), 219 Triton anus, Lam. (an.) 240, australe, 239 cancellatum, Lam. (an.), 241, 242 distortum, Sch. and Wag. (an.), 240 nodiferum, 239 oregonense, Jay (an.), 241 productum, G., 240 tuberosum, Lam. (an.), 239, 240 variegatum, Lam. (an.), 239 Tritonia cucullata, G., 308 TrocHipx, 168 Trochus acinosus, G., 179 ameenus, G., 187 Araucanus, D’Orb. (an.), 182 atropurpureus, G., 189 ater, Less. (an.), 182 bicrenatus, G., 175 bullatus, Martyns, 203 Buschu, Phil., 175 canaliculatus, Lam., 189, 191 capillaceus, Phil., 181 circumsutus, G., 176 colubrinus, G., 183 corallinus, Gmel., 190 doliarius, Mart., 186 elisus, G., 178 exumius, Reeve, 176 Fermoni, Payr., 188 Jinbriatus, Lk., 175 gradatus, G., 175 jucundus, G., 177 instrictus, G., 190 Lessoni, Payr., 187 ligatus, G., 185, 187 moestus, Jonas, 183 pharaonis, L., 189 pwa, L., 177 pruninus, G., 180 pupillus, G., 186 rotellinus, G., 191 spurcus, G., 188 squamiferus, Koch (an.), 192 510 INDEX. . Trochus sulcatus, Wood, 176 Unio dorsuosus, G., 430 tantillus, G., 184 famelicus, G., 432 ‘ texturatus, G., 181 foliaceus, G., 432 umbilicaris, 184 lutulentus, G., 428, 430 vernus, Ch., 180 monodon, 428 Truncatella, 218 Murchisonanus, Lea, 431 aurantia, G., 110 paludicolus, G., 433 Caribbeorum, Sowb., 110 profugus, G., 429 Cummgiana, Adams, 112 verecundus, G., 431 porrecta, G., 110 Vaginulus Taunaisii, Fer. (an.), 5 rostrata, G., 111 Valvata pupoidea, G., 127 scalaris, Mich., 112 Venus calcarea, G., 423 valida, Pf., 109 decussata, 421 vitiana, G., 109 Dombeyana, 421 Tunroata, 495 exallnda, 423 Turbinella amplustre, Kien. (an.), 238 mercenaria, L., 423 armata, Brod. (an.), 238 rigida, G., 420 cornigera, Lam. (an.), 237, 238 toreuma, G., 419 Turbo argyrostomus, L. (an.), 170 verrucosa, 420 ater, 171 Vertigo tantilla, G., 92 confragosus, G., 171 Vitrina caperata, G., 10 laciniatus, G., 174 furva, G. (an.), 12 minutus, Tott., 130 Lamarck, Lowe, 7, 8 niger, Gray (an.), 171 marcida, G., 7, 9, 10 papyracea, 210 nitida, G., 9 petholatus, L. (an.), 171 robusta, G., 10 rhodostoma, 174 Ruivensis, C., 6 setosus, Gm. (an., 169 tenella, G., 11 sirius, G., 173 nigra, Q., 10 stellaris, 173 Freycineti, Fer., 10 sparverius, Gm. (an.), 170 pellucida, 12 Umbrella Indica (an.), 311 Voluta ancilla, Lam., 278 umbellata, G., 312 ancilla, Soland. (an.), 279, 280 Unio Bengalensis, 432 Magellanica, Gm. (an.), 278, 280 complanatus, 428, 433 Magellanica, Lam., 279 THE END. Sectional Library- Dept. of Moll. U.S. N. M. [ oy (re een) bles = 7 ee "oe7) oa i sant 4 Pe, ~~. ie GREE, it SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES Hl || 3 30 (10) WM 84 OOS nhmoll qQL403.G69 Mollusca & shells iii