UC-NRLF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF EARTH SCIENCE* LIBRARY SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, 252 TEE MOLLUSKS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA. EARTH BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D. EMBRACING THE SECOND REPORT MADE TO THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION ON THIS SUBJECT, WITH OTHER PAPERS ; REPRINTED BY PERMISSION, WITH A GENERAL INDEX. WASHINGTON: SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DECEMBER, 1872. SgSssw OF cALim fitLf! DWTni nriV JAN 24 1952 '• I- SCIENCES U&RAKf ADVERTISEMENT THE opportunity afforded by Mr. Carpenter's visit in 1859-60 to the United States, was embraced to secure his services in naming and arranging the shells collected by the United States Exploring Expedition and other parties on the Pacific Coast of North America. Mr. Carpenter, having previously presented to the British Association a report on the state of knowledge in regard to the mollusks of the west coast of North America, embodied the additional information which he obtained, chiefly through the Smithsonian Institution, in a second report to the same Association ; and now, in order to facilitate the study of this class of animals by the American student, this work is re- published with supplementary papers, from stereotype copies of the original pages. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. I. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, WASHINGTON, November, 1872. PHILADELPHIA: COLLINS, PRINTER QU4/7 C afr" UBWW~ EARTH SCIENCES LIBRARY TABLE OF CONTENTS. Advertisement ... Introduction .... LIST OF PAPERS REPRINTED IN THIS VOLUME " " NOT REPRINTED I2f THIS VOLUME ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF SPECIES PAGE ii 13 INTRODUCTION. AFTER the publication of my first "Report on the present state of our knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America," undertaken at the request of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and printed in their Report for 1856, I visited America in order to arrange the first duplicate series of the great Reigeu Collection of Mazatlan Shells which I had presented to the New York State Museum at Albany. It was one of the special objects of my visit to ex- amine the types of previously described species in the United States, that I might compare them with those known in England. Having visited Washington to examine the types of the United States Exploring Expedition (Wilkes'), I was requested to spend the winter of 1859-60 in unpacking and arranging the shells belonging to the National Museum under its charge; and after my return to England I received from time to time the various collections sent to the Institution from the West Coast as they arrived ; all of these were duly compared with the types in the Cumingiaii and other British collections. Being thus in a position to correct a large number of unavoid- able errors in my first Report,- and to add a great deal of fresh information from American sources (chiefly obtained through the Smithsonian Institution), I was requested by the British Asso- ciation to embody the material in a " Supplementary Report" on the same subject as the first. Knowing how difficult it is for American students to obtain access to serial publications, I ob- tained permission, in behalf of the Institution, to stereotype this second report, and the papers connected with it, which appeared in the "Proceedings of the Zoological Society," the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History," and the "Journal de Conchy- liologie." (O VI INTRODUCTION. The present volume consists, therefore, of a reprint from these stereotype plates, with the original paging at the top, and the Smithsonian paging at the bottom ; and of a general index of species. The index was prepared (at the expense of the Smithsonian Institution) by Mr. E. Taylor, Student at McGill College. It includes not only the present volume but all my previous English publications on the subject, of which the principal are the First British Association Report and the British Museum Mazatlan Catalogue. All references to these works not reprinted have the page-number prefixed by a Roman Capital (0 to X), by which they can be at once distinguished from the simple num- bers which refer to the foot-page in this volume. Students who want an index to the First Report will fix the eye on the initial O ; to the Mazatlan Catalogue on P. In an accompanying list will be found an enumeration of all my papers published in European journals relative to American conchology, and for the most part reprinted in the present col- lection. In this, however, is not included any of the contribu- tions to American serials, as the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Proceedings of the Cali- fornia Academy, or the American Journal of Conchology. My principal object in the preparation of these works has been to make out and compare the writings of previous naturalists, so that it might be possible for succeeding students to begin where I left off, without being obliged to waste so large an amount of time as I have been compelled to do in analyzing the (often inac- curate) work of their predecessors. As the work of previous writers, whether satisfactory or other- wise, is duly tabulated in my Reports, so that others may judge of its value as well as I, it is not fair (as is often done) to quote from these Reports as on my authority. I was simply the his- torian, not the original writer. In the First Report I was a novice in the scientific world, and rarely ventured on criticisms ; in the second, I allowed myself with more confidence to state my own conclusions, because I found that others had not enjoyed the remarkable facilities of comparing types which fell to my lot, and which fin many instances) cannot be renewed. Since that time, Nuttall, Gould, Rich, Judge Cooper, and especially Hugh Cuming, have been called to another world ; their collections INTRODUCTION. Vli have changed hands, and fresh causes of error have crept in. The present condition of the Cumingian Collection has been faithfully described by Dr. Gray in the Proceedings of the Zoological So- ciety ; and those who will take the trouble to compare his review of the Calyptrdeidae, after the destruction of original labels conse- quent on Reeve's Monograph, with that which I gave in the Mazatlan Catalogue, while these labels were still fixed to the shells, will appreciate the advantages which I formerly enjoyed. Readers who may discover any unconnected errors in this volume, or in any of my other works, are urgently requested to apprise me of them (Box 193J P. 0., Montreal, C. E.), in order that they may be corrected in the Report of the Mollusca which Prof. Whitney has requested me to prepare for the Cali- fornia Geological Survey. PHILIP P. CARPENTER. MONTREAL, July 17, 1872. LIST OF PAPERS Otf AMERICAN MOLLTJSOA PUBLISHED IN EUROPEAN WORKS BY P. P. CARPENTER. REPRINTED. A. Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. Page I.1 From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864. Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864. B. Review of Prof. C. B. Adams' "Catalogue of the Shells of Pan- ama," from the Type Specimens. Page 173. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, June 23, 1863, pp. 339—369, C. Diagnoses of New Forms of Moll asks collected at Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. By Mr. J. Xantus. Page 207. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XIII., pp. 311—315, April, 1864. Ibid. (Nos. 15—36) pp. 474—479, June, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XIV. (Nos. 37—52), pp. 45— 49, July, 1864. D. Contributions towards a Monograph of the Pandoridse. Page 223. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 596 — 603, November 22, 1864. 1 The references are to the bottom paging. (ix) X LIST OF PAPERS. E. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver trict. Page 233. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XIV. (Nos. 5—37), pp. 423—429, December, 1864. Ibid. Vol. XV. (Nos. 37—56), pp. 28—32, January, 1865. F. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver Dis- trict. Page 247. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 201 — 204, February 14, 1865. G Diagnoses of New Species and a New Genus of Mollusks, from the Reigen Mazatlan Collection ; with an Account of Addi- tional Specimens presented to the British Museum. Page 253. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 268—273, March 14, 1865. H. Descriptions of New Species and Varieties of Chitonidae and Acmaeidse, from the Panama Collection of the late Prof. C. B. Adams. Page 263. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 274—277, March 14, 1865 I. Diagnoses of New Species of Mollusks, from the West Tropical Region of North America, principally collected by the Rev. J. Rowell, of San Francisco. Page 269. From the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 278—282, March 14, 1865. K. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollnsca, from the West coast of North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett. Page 27 7. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series, Vol. XV., pp. 177—182 (Nos. 373—386), March, 1865. Ibid, pp. 394—399 (Mangelia variegata to end), May, 1865. LIST OP PAPERS. Xi L. Diagnoses of New Forms of Mollusca, collected by Col. E. Jewett, on the West Tropical shores of North America. Page 291. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Third Series Vol. XV., pp. 399—400, May, 1865. M. Diagnoses des Mollusques nouveaux provenant de Californie et faisant partie du Musee de PInstitution Smithsonienne. Page 297. From the Journal de Conchyliologie, Vol. XII. (Third Series, Vol. V.) pp. 129—149, April, 1865. N. On the Pleistocene Fossils collected by Col. E. Jewett, at Santa Barbara, California; with Descriptions of New Species. Page 319. From the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Third Series, Vol. XVII., pp. 274—278, April, 1866. NOT REPRINTED. o. Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with Regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1856, pp. 159— 3C8. Published in 1857. Extra copies with title-page, list of plates with references to figures (4 pages), dated 1857. Not reprinted, but referred to under "0" in the general index. P. Catalogue of the Reigen Collection of Mazatlan Mollusca in the British Museum. Each sheet dated: July, 1855 — June, 1857. The Bryozoa, by G. Busk, Esq. Printed by order of the Trustees at the Oberlin Press, Warrington. 552 pp. First Edition, with Preface as arranged by Dr. J. E. Gray, on sale at the British Museum, price 8s. Second Edition, with Author's Preface, accompanying dupli- cate collections of the shells, published simultaneously. Xll LIST OF PAPERS. NOT REPRINTED (continued}. Q. Descriptions of (supposed) New Species and Varieties of Shells, from the Californian and West Mexican Coasts, principally in the Collection of H. Cuming, Esq. Proceedings Zoological Society, Part xxiii, 1855, pp. 228—235. ft. Notes on the Species of Hipponyx inhabiting the American Coasts, with Descriptions of New Species. Ditto, Part xxiv, 1856, pp. 3—5. s. Description of New Species of Shells collected by Mr. T. Bridges in the Bay of Panama and its vicinity, in the Collec- tion of Hugli Cuming, Esq. Ditto, pp. 159—166. T. Description of New Species and Varieties of Calyptr aides, Tro- chidce and Pyramidellidce, principally in the Collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. [From American and other seas.] Ditto, pp. 166—171. u. Descriptions of Shells from the Gulf of California, and the Pa- cific Coasts of Mexico and California. Part II. By A. A. Gould, M.D., and Philip P. Carpenter. Ditto, pp. 198—208. V. Monograph of the Shells collected by T. Nuttall, Esq., on the Californian Coast, in the years 1834-5. Ditto, pp. 209—229. w. First Steps towards a Monograph of the Recent Species of Petalo- conchus, a genus of Vermetidce. Ditto, pp. 313—317. (With wood-cuts.) X. First Steps towards a Monograph of the C&cidce, a Family of the Rostriferous Gasteropoda." [Chiefly from the American seas.] Ditto, Part xxvi, 1858, pp. 413—444. A. SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT PRESENT STATE OF OUR KNOWLEDGE WITH REGARD TO THE MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. BY PHILIP P. CARPENTER, B.A., PH.D. From the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, for 1863, pp. 517—686. Published in August, 1864. Extra copies, with title-page, dated 1864. (i) Supplementary Report on the Present State of our Knowledge with regard to the Mollusca of the West Coast of North America. By PHILIP P. CAEPENTEE, B.A., Ph.D* THE object of the present Report is (1) to correct the errors which have been observed in the first Report ("Report &c." 1856, pp. 159-368) ; and (2) to point out the fresh sources of information which have been rendered avail- able since that period. For convenience of comparison, the paragraph num- bers refer to those of the first Report in the corrections, and are continued from them in the addenda. In the bibliographical portion, the criticisms by the writer of this Report are inserted in [ ] ; a distinction not always attended to in the former volume, in consequence of which erroneous names and local- ities have been attributed to the reviewer, instead of to the authors quoted. . 22. Introduction. — (Line 4 from bottom.) The river Willamette flows northwards (Gld.). 23. Early Writers. — The only Californian shell described by Linnaeus is Turbo sanguineuS)=T. coccineus, Desh. ; v. Hani. Ips. Linn. Conch, p. 334. The types are too much worn to decide whether they came from the North Pacific or (as is more probable) from the Mediterranean. In Gmelin's edition of Linnaeus, Lipsise, 1788-1790, — which is, in great measure, a translation from a German work published a few years in advance [teste Hanley], — the following species are assigned to the " West Coast of America," probably on the authority of Martyn : — page 3529, Murex foliatus : 3702, Patella pecten : 3712, Patella catyptra. The last two seem exotic. Many West-coast species had found their way into English collections during the last century, at a much earlier date than was expected at the time of the first Report. They were mainly derived from the voyages of Capt. Cook and other circumnavigators. Capt. Cook was accompanied by Solander, as naturalist, at the instance of Sir Joseph Banks. His shells passed into the hands of Mr. Humphrey, the dealer, at whose death the remainder, a thousand boxes, became the property of the elder Sowerby, and (in part) of Mawe [teste Hanley]. They took their chance of being figured or described by the early conchologists. The localities are (as might be expected) often interchanged, but have been quoted by later authors, who have not thought fit to avail themselves of more correct sources of information. The first accurate delineations are by Thomas Martyn, in his ' Universal Conchologist/ London, 1784. Those who only know this book from Chenu's reprint, Paris, 1845, can form but a poor idea of the exquisite beauty of the original work. Of this, very few copies are accessible ; but it may be consulted at the British Museum, the Royal Society, and the Royal College of Surgeons. No. Plate. Fig. 16 5 3. Patella tramoserica, Mart. N. W. C. America, very rare. [N. Zealand.] 18 6 1. Patella calyptra, Mart. N.W. Coast of America, very rare. [Not identified : resembles Crep. adunca, without deck. Hani, con- siders it a Hipponyx, like austraUsA 31 8 4. Trochus invequalis, Mart. Friendly Isles, common. [Does not closely resemble the Japan and Vancouver species,=Pachypoma ffibberosum, Chemn.] 32 10 1. Trochus canaliculatus, Mart. N. Zealand, rare. 33 10 2. Trochus annulatus, Mart. N. Zealand, very rare. 34 10 3. Trochus costatus, Mart. St. George's Sound, rare. [=Calliostoma filosum, castaneum, ligatum. and modestum.] * In consequence of the expected arrival of fresh materials, this report has been corrected and continued up to the period of going to press. Warrington Free Museum and Library, Aug. 1st, -1864. 3 . 518 REPORT— 1863. No. Plate. Fig. 43 13,14 1. Buccinum liratum, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [=-F. de- cemcostutm (Say), Midd., =MidckndorJfii, Cooper.] 44 13 2. Buccinum plicatum, Mart. [nonLinn.] St. George's Sound, common. [=crispatum, 4- compositurn, Chemn., =lactuca, £c., Esch.l 46 15 1. Buccinum lima, Mart. St. George's Sound, rare. [Probably P. decem- costata, Midd. ; the variety with numerous ribs and flattened spire.] 47 15 2. Buccinum saturum, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Like Chr. liratus, with keels evanescent.] 62 20 2. Haliotis pulcherrima, Mart. St. George's Sound, most rare. [Pacific Is.] 66 24 1. Purpura foliata, Mart. North-west Coast of N. America, rare. 76 26 4. Trochus pulligo, Mart. Sfc. George's Sound, common. 80 28 2. Pectunculus corbis, Mart. Pulo-Condore, most rare. [=Cimft'«m JVwtf- fo/&Y, Conr., teste Desh. Cum. The figure is not so accurate as most of the others ; but the colouring is characteristic.] 153 53 1. Pecten ruUdus, Mart, [non Hds.] Newfoundland, rare. [=P. Islan~ dicus, Mull.] Many of the figures of Martyn were reproduced by Chemnitz, in his com- prehensive continuation of Martini's ' Conchylien Cabinet,' 1780-1705. Un- happily, though often quoted for generic and specific names, he did not adopt the binomial nomenclature (except in vol. xi.), but described each shell in two or more words, as it happened. For this reason he appears to have had no scruple in altering previous designations, as follows : — 1538, 1539. Murex Purpura alata, " Mart. Conch. Un. vol. ii. f. 66, Leaved Purpura foliata from N.W. coast of America." 1634 . . Murex Glomus cereus, seu Cereus conglomcratus, " Mart. vol. ii. f. 43, Ridged Buccinum liratum from King George's Sound." Yign. 21, f. A, B. Buccinum compositum, " Mart. Un. Couch, vol. ii. f. 44 ; Plaited Buccinum from King George's Sound." Vign. 23, f. A, B. Trochus gibberosus Nov& Zelandics. "Forster's Cat. no. 1374; La Raboteuse de la nouvelle Zelande. — Mart. Un. Conch, vol. i. f. 31 ; Rugged Trochus inesqualis from Friendly Is." 1579, 1580. Trochus doliarius, " Mart. vol. i. f. 32, Fluted Trochus canaliculatus from N. Zealand." 1581, 1582. Trochus virgineus, "Favanne, Conch, pi. 79. f. 1. vol. ii. p. 342 ; id. Cat. Rais. no. 1352, p. 269; Le Sabot Magellanique. — Mart. Un. Conch, vol. i. f. 33; Ringed Trochus annulatus from N. Zealand. — Cab. Mus. Portl. no. 1240; the Purpled-edged Trochm; item, no. 1970, a large and fine specimen of the Purple-edged Trochus from the N.W. coast of America; rare." [= T. ccelatm, var. /3. Gmel., teste Dillw. vol. ii. p. 800.] 1802,1803. Buccinum crispatum. "The furbelowed Whelk." [=j&. pticatum, Mart., non Ln.] 1841, 1842. Murex amplustrf. N.W. coast of America. [This erroneous locality is copied from the Portland Cat.. The species is quoted from Buc- cinum (Latirus) aplustre, Mart., no. 3. pi. 1. f. 3, where it is rightly assigned to the Friendly Is. =M. araus. var. y. Gniel., teste Dillw. vol. ii. p. 735.] The assignment of West American species to New Zealand, begun by Martyn, has continued a source of error to the present time. It occurs in Dr. Gould's 'Exploring Expedition Mollusca,' in the Cumingian Collection, and in the British Museum. In the l Travels in New Zealand,' by Ernest Dieffenbach, M.D.. London, 1843, vol. i. pp. 228-264, is given a " Catalogue of the Species of MolluBca and their Shells, whi<-h have hi>horto been recorded as found at New Zealand," &c., by J. E. Gray. Ihe author -jjrwnisea that some oi' the species [marked *] 4 ON MOLLTT?CA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 519 assigned by the older writers may be found erroneously placed. The follow- ing- are probably from the West coast of North America, with the synonymy as understood by Dr. Gray : — Page. No. 229 8. Murex foliatm, Gmel. 3329. = M. purpura data, Chemn. x. pi. 169. f. 1538- 9; Wood's Cat. f. 13. Purpura foliata, Mart. U. C. ii. 66.— Hub. N. Zealand, Humphreys. King George's Sound, Martyn. ["=3f. triptervs, Kien. : non M tripterus, Bora et auct. =trialatus, Kien." teste Hani.] 229 9. Murex lyratus, G nel. 3531.=3f. glomus cereus, Chem. x. pi. 169. f. 1634. — Buccinum lyratum, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 43. — Hob. N. Zealand, King George's Bay, Martyn. 233 43. Purpura lamellosa,= Buccinum I, Gmel., Wood's Cat. f. 6Q.=Btic. pli- calwn, Martyn, U. C. ii. f. 41. =Buc. compositum, Chemn. x. 179, vign. 21. f. A, ft. = Buc. crispatum, Chemn. xi. 84, pi. 187. f. 1802-3. Murex cr., Lam. 174. — Hob. N. Zealand, King George's Sound, Chemn., Mar- tyn. Coast of Columbia. 237 *71. Ziziphinus canaliculatus. Troclius c.. Martyn, U. C. pi. 32,= Tr. doliarius, Chemn. x. f. 1579-80 ; Wood's Cat. f. 96.— Hab. N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher, R.N. *72. ZizipJnnus annulatus. Trochus a., Martyn, U. C. pi. 33. = T. virgineus, Chemn. x. f. 1581-2 j Wood's Cat. f. 98. = Tr. ccelatus, £., Gmel.— Hab. N. Zealand, Martyn. California, Capt. Belcher. 243 113. Bulla Quoyii, Gray, n. s.=J?. striata, Q. & G., Voy. Astr. ii. 354, pi. 26. f. 8, 9, non Lam. — Hab. N. Zealand, Quoy, Stanger. But the first authentic information on the molluscs of the North-western coast is given in the ' Voyage Round the World, but more particularly to the N.W. Coast of America,' by Capt. George Dixon, London, 1789: to which is added a Natural History Appendix. Page 355, fig. 2. Solen patulus *. Cook's River. [= Machara Nuttalli, Conr.] In the ' Conchology, or Natural History of Shells/ by George Perry, Lon- don, 1811, a work of no little pretension, yet singularly inaccurate, are figured the following species, but without authorities for the assigned localities : — * As this extract is probably the first description on record of molluscs from the Pacific shores of N. America, by the original collector, and as the book is rarely to be met with, it may be interesting to quote the passage : — " At the mouth of Cook's River [lat. 59°-61°] are many species of shell-fish, most of them, I presume, nondescript ; and of all which I should have endeavoured to have got specimens, had business permitted. Among the bivalves we noticed some of a large spe- cies, of the Cardium or cockle-genus \_Cardium corbis, Mart.], half-a-dozen of which would have afforded a good supper for one person ; but, for a repast of that kind, our men pre- ferred a large species of the Solen genus, which they got in quantity, and were easily dis- covered by their spouting up the water as the men walked over the sands where they in- habited : as I suppose it to be a new kind, I have given a figure of it in the annexed plate [Solen patulus ; accurate external and internal views, size of life]. 'Tis a thin brittle shell, smooth within and without : one valve is furnished with two front and two lateral teeth [the ' laterals ' are the nymphse for the ligament] ; the other has one front and one side tooth, which slip in between the others in the opposite valve : from the teeth, in each valve, proceeds a strong rib, which extends to above halfway across the shell, and gradually loses itself towards the edge, which is smooth and sharp. The colour of the outside is white, circularly, but faintly, zoned with violet, and is covered with a smooth yellowish-brown epidermis, which appears darkest where the zones are : the inside is white, slightly zoned, and tinted with violet and pink. The animal, as in all species of this genus, protrudes beyond the ends of the shell very much, and is exceeding good food. — A fine specimen of this kind is in the Collection of John Swainson, Esq., of the Custom House, London. — We saw also, on this coast, a kind of muscle, in colour and shape much like the common eat- able muscle of Europe, but differed in being circularly wrinkled, and a great deal larger \_Mytilus Californianus, Conr.]. One valve I saw at Queen Charlotte's Islands measured above nine inches and a half in length. — With pieces of these muscles, sharpened to an ex- quisite edge and point, the Indians head their harpoons and other instruments for fishing They fasten them on with a kind of resinous substance." — Dixon s 'Voyage.' 5 520 REPORT— 18C3. 9 4. Poh/plex gracilis \ = TropTion mufticostatus, Esch.]. N.Zealand. 29 5. Melania striata. New California. [All the figures of ' Melania ' on this plate represent large B-ulimi, perhaps from S. America.] 85 4. Cerithium reticulatum. IS ew California. 44 2. Haustrum pictum \_ = Purpura planospird^. East Indies. 44 3. Haustrum dentex [ = P- cohimellaris}. Nootka Sound: only 2 sp. known, 44 4. Haustrum tuberctdatum [ = P. patulu, jun.]. ? — 41 3. Olica Leveriana [ = O. porphyria~\. ? — 47 2. Trochus decarinaius [==• Calliostoma canalicidatum]. N. Zealand. 68 2. Venus radiata [ = Callista lupinaria]. N. Zealand. The common Calif ornian Haliotis was, it seems, first described in the •Zoological Miscellany/ by Dr. W. E. Leach, vol. i. 1814*. Page 131, pi. 58. Haliotis- Cracherodii, Leach. California. Solander made use of the materials he had collected in Cook's Voyage, in compiling a work on Conchology of considerable merit. Dillwyn made a copy of it, and used it in preparing his own, allowing priority to its specific names ; but it was never published. The types were lately parted-with by the Lin- nean Society, who had determined not to keep any collections except those of Linnaeus. The ' Descriptive Catalogue of Recent Shells,' &c., by L. W. Dill- wyn : London, 1817, is considered by Dr. Gray to be the best conchological work arranged according to the old system. The following are quoted from the West Coast : — Vol. Page. i. 301. Mytilus frons, Linn. = Ostrea frons, Sol. Callone. Acapulco, Humphreys ; West Indies, auct. i. 469. Cyprcca pustulata, Sol. Acapulco. ii. 617. Buccinum plumbeum, Chemn. California. [Monoceros, PS. America.] Following Dillwyn, and nearly eclipsing his fame through the originality and excellence of his classification, appeared Lamarck's ' Animaux sans Ver- tebres,' 1818-1822. Coordinate with or preceding this work are his Articles in the ' Annales du Museum ' and the ' Encyclopedic/ The fresh sources of his information are quoted in the first Report, p. 169. In Delessert's ' Recueil,' 1841, are figured PI. 2, fig. 1. Solen ambiguus, Lam. [ = £ rudis, C. B. Ad.] "Les mers d'Amerique." PI. 19, fig. 2. Cytherea semilamellosa, Gaudichaud [= C. lupinaria]. China Seas. In Deshayes' invaluable edition of the ' An. s. Vert.,' Paris, 1835-45, are quoted a variety of West Coast species which have already appeared under their original authorities. The following may be added : — Vol. Page. viii. 2o2. Sulimus Mexicamis, ~L&m. = Helix vittata, Fer. Mexico. ix. 33. Haliotis Californiensis, Swains. = If. glabra, Desh. California. ix. 357. Pleurotoma tubercidifera, Br. & Sby. California. ix. 684. Murex radix, Gme\.=M. melanomathos (pars), Dill w. Acapulco. ix. G05. Murex foliatus, Gmel.=Jf. tripterus, Kien. N.W.America. "? India." The last of the early writers whose works should here be quoted, and whose ideas on the relations of genera were considerably in advance of the age, though somewhat fanciful, is Swainson, in his 'Zoological Illustrations/ 1820-1833; 'Appendix to the Sale Catalogue of Mrs. Bligh's Shells/ 1822; and aricosa~\. 279. Cerithium fragaria \_ = Rhi nod avis gemmata, lids.]. 282. Cerithium varicosum [= Cerithidea caricosa, Sby.]. 308. Strombus cancellatus. Closely resembles jRostellaria fissurella, from Grignon. [Probably E. Indian.] 838. Conus scalaris [= C. gradatus (Mawe), Wood's Suppl.]. 270. Solarium bicanaliculdtum. Small species, like S. Herberti, Desh. Enc. 265. Natica JBonplandi. [The figure exactly represents Neverita palula, Sby.] 266. (Add) Natica uber, Val. Cumana. 317. Purpura semi-imbricata, Lam. [An. s. Vert. vol. x. p. 84, no. 39 ; not since identified from the brief description. Perhaps =Cuma costata, Blainv.] 287. Fusvs turris \_ = F. Dupetithouarsii, Kien.]. 290. Fmus Magellanicus " —Buc. Geversianum, Pallas, —Murex Peruvianus, Enc. Meth." 295. Ficula Jicoidcs [? = decussata]. 296. Pyrula spirata [? =Rapa, Jim.]. 25. Coquille. — All the limpets quoted are South American. 26. EsJischoltz. — The following observations may be useful to the student : Page. 10. Murex ferruginem [ = Purp. crispata, Chemn.. var. ; varices few, scarcely frilled]. 11. Murex lactuca \ = l\irpura crispata, Chemn.]. 11. Murex multicostatus [is not Trophon clathratus, as supposed bv Midd. ; but pro- bably = T. Gunneri. It resembles T. laciniatum, Mart. (Falkland Is. ) on a small scale ; varices coronated, without spiral sculpture]. 16. Acmcea. [Genus described in the Appendix to Kotzebue's §econd Voyage, 1830. p. 350 ; somewhat before Tectura, teste Woodward.] 18. Acmcea mamiUata. [The ' crowded tubercles' were perhaps due to nullipore.] 19. Acmcea cassis [if a northern shell, is perhaps the strongly ribbed var. of peUa • but the figure accoi'ds best with the Cape Horn species, P. cenea, Mart.]. 20. Acmcea digitalis [is perhaps distinct from the variable persona ; but passes into it by easy transitions]. 7 522 KEPORT— 1863. Page. 21. Fissurella aspera [=Glyphis Lincolni, Gray, = cratitia, Gld. But Gl densida- fhrata, Eve, is probably distinct ; Sta Barbara, Jewett, Cooper']. 27. Tanlcerville Cat., 1825. — The following species are also from the West Coast. The prices are added from the British Museum copy, as a record of their former rarity : — No. App. page. Price. 70 10s. Solen ambiguus. 101 15s. Tellina operculata. 162 5s. Tellina jmnicea. 206 £10 10s. LucinaChildreni [described by Gray in Ann. Phil.l824;v. also Zool. Journ. vol. i. 1825, pp. 221-2. There is no authority for the statement that it came from Brazil. The Br. Mus. specimens are from " Mus. Cracherode/' and are probably West Coast. The only known locality is Cape St. Lucas.j 1293 30s. T ochus anmdatus. 1294 20s. Trochus doliarius. 1690 10s. Murex crispatns. 1842 los. Purpura patula. 1855 20s. Purpura planospira, 1896 45s. Harpa crenata. 2240 15s. Cyprcea spadicea. 2251 2s. Cyprcea albitginosa. 2330 xxxii 15s. 6'iva splendidula. Hal.*— 2332 xxxiii 2s. 6d. Oliva biplicata. West Coast North America. 2333 xxxiv 2s. Oliva columellaris. ? — 2347 £5 5s. Conus regius. The „ in Rep., p. 174, should have been omitted, except at no. 808, p. vi. No. 1401 is described, on p. xii, as from Newfoundland. No. 1786 should have no page-reference. In the ' Zoological Journal/ London, 1824-1829, appear descriptions of the following species : — Pag'- Vol. i. March 1824, 60. Natica patula, Sby. "Brought from S. America by M. de Humboldt. 2 specimens only known."* „ Oct. 1824, 369. Cyprcea subrostrata, Gray. Nehoue (Mus. Sby.). ['Probably fossil' (Gray) : a white, smooth spe- cies, not to be confounded with Trivia subrostrata.~] „ Jan. 1825, 510. Cyprcea albuginosa, Mawe, pi. 7. f. 2 ; pi. 12. f. 2. Cali- fornia. Named, without description, in Mawe's Cat. (= C. poraria, var., Duel. : Z. J. iv. p. 68.) 513. Cyprcea pustidata, Sol. S. Coast of Mexico. China. Vol. iii. Jan. 1827, 70. Hinnites giganteus (Sby.). P— [ = ZT. Poulsoni, Conr. Calif. ] = ffinnita gigantea, Gray, Ann. Phil. Aug. 1826. —Lima gigantea, Id. in loc. cit. [non J. Sby.] „ Sept 1827, 363. Cyprcea subrostrata, Gray [bis, Trivial. ?— 364. Cyprcea radians, Lam. = C. oniscus, Dillw. = C. pedi- ' culus, p., Gmel.-f C. costata, Dillw. W. Coast of Mexico, ? Adriatic. 365. Cyprcea Californiana, Gray [ Trivia]. California. Vol. iv. Jan. 1828, 145-162. Monograph of Ovulum, by fer. B. Sowerby, containing the species afterwards figured in the Spec. Conch. 28. Beecheifs Voyage. — Increased study has supplied the following cor- rections : — * At p. 511, note *, Dr. Gray states that the Natica patula, Barnes, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., Sept. 1824, i. 133, is " the shell described under that name by Sby. As them is another N. patula [? ubi], must be called by Mr. Barnes's MS. name of N. helicoides? Also that Dolium dentuium, Barnes, loc. cit. =22. ringenst Sby. 8 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 523 Page. Z. J. 372. Naticapallida [=Lunatia caurina, G\&.,-±soluta, Gld.]. 372. Natica otis. [V&r. = Polimcesfusca, Cpr.] 372. Natica clausa [=JV. Beverlii, Leach, MS. in B. M.]. 378. Fusm lapillus= Hue. subrostratum, Gray. [Resembles the smooth, stumpy form of Purpura plicata, Mart. : " perfectly distinct," teste Hani.] 379. Conus arcuatus [as figured in Z. B. V., is a very different shell from that in Mus. Cum. and the monographs ; the latter is allied to C. tornatus], 379. Conus interruptus [resembles the broad form of C. mahogani]. Z. B. V. 130. (Add) Oliva semistriata, Gray, pi. 36. f. 10. Hob. ?— [Panama, &c.] 1 19. Conus Ximenes [scarcely differs from C. mahogani, var. in Mus. Cum.]. 132. [Should be] Aqaronia [et passim]. 147. (Add) Mouretia Peruviana, Sby. (P. Z. S. 1835, p. G) pi. 39. f. 6, 6'. [Also Margarita Bay, teste Pease.! 148. Patella Mazatlandica. [This is the Sandwich Islands species, =P. exarata, Nutt., teste Haul. The large specimens quoted are pro- bably P. talcosa, Gld.] 150. CJiama echinata. [Further series of specimens make it doubtful whether this be not a distinct species from C.frondosa, var. The original sculpture has not yet been detected.] 151. [Should be] Cytherea biradiata. 152. (Add) Cardita borealis, Conr. (=="Arcturus rudis, Humphr.") pi. 44. f. 1. [Probably from near icy Cape. Mus. Belcher.] The types of the species described from this important voyage have been scattered. Some have been identified from Admiral Sir E. Belcher's Collec- tion, which he kindly allowed me to examine for that purpose ; others are in the possession of Mr. Hanley ; but many appear hopelessly lost. 29. Wood's Ind. Test. — In Hanley's Revised Edition of this important work (London, 1856), several new localities are added from the writer's varied experience, and the synonymy is most carefully elaborated. No other book contains such a mass of trustworthy information on the old species in so small a compass. The following are quoted, either as original authorities, or for locality or synonymy : — Page. Fig. 2 10. Chiton ttmicatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 2. f. 1 \_ = Katherina Douglasite, Gray]. Sitka. 3 18. Chiton Imeatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 2. f. 4, 5. Sitcha, North Calif. [Mr. Hanley believes that Sitka is the island in lat. 58°, and that Sitcha is in the district now known as Wash- ington Territory, olim Oregon.] 3 20. Chiton sukatus, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 3. f. 1. Galapagos. 19 16. Solen maxima*, Wood, Gen. Conch. 1815, pi. 31. f. 3 [ = £ patulus, Dixon. N.W. America], Sandw. Is. 21 8. Tellina rugosa, Born. Is. of Opara, New California. [Pacific Is.] 27 73. Tellina muricata, Chemn. = Zwcma scabra, Rve. Mexico. 82 97. Conus pusillus, Wood : non Chemn. nee Lam. [nee Gld.] = C.punc- ticulatus, var., Lam. (quasi Brug.) Mexico. 88 31. Cyprceaonyx, Gray (quasi Lin.) =zC.adusta, Chemn. [Pacific Is. The San Diegan shell is closely allied, —Luponia spadiceaJ[ 'Calif.' 89 35. Volutaincrassata,Dillw.; posterior to O.angulata^&m* Centr.Am. 183 14. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach —Jf. glabra, Schub. 1829, non. Chemn.. et auct. Calif. Suppl. 201 3. lellina lutea, Gray = T. alternidentata, Br. & Sby. = Z Guilfordia- Gray, in Griff. Cuv. pi. 19. f. 2. Icy Cape. 202 1. Donax scalpellum, Gray, Ann. Phil. 1825, ix. 166 ^ =Z>.. elongate. Mawe, Conch, pi. & £ 6, 1823. Calif. 9 524 REPORT — 1863. Page. Fig. BeppL "202 2. Donax stuUorum, Mawe, 1. c. pi. 9. f. 7 ; = Trigona st, Grny, Anal vst, 1838. ? S. America [ = Tr. crassatelloide's, j un. Calif.]. 204 5, Chama crassicostata=. Venericardia c., Sby., Tank. Cat. p. 4. = Car- dita Cuvieri, Brod., P. Z. S. 1832. = C. Michelini, Val. Acapulco. 205 11. Area pectimformis, Gr&y(Pectunculus), non Lam. = P. iiicequalis, Sby. 208 6. Conus qradatus, Mawe. Calif. [= C. scalaris, Val. 1 Pan. 211 25. Valuta lens, Mawe. Pan. 211 26. Valuta harpa, Mawe, Conch. Front, f. 2. 1823; = V. nucleus, Lam. ' S. Pacific. 211 33. Voluta nux, B.M. = Oliva biplicata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Calif. 212 38. Voluta tenebrosa, Mawe=O. undatdla, Duel. (Lam.) Pan. 212 4. Buccinum tenue, Mawe = Cassis Massena, Kien. Galapag-os. 212 7. Buccinum distortum, Swains., Bligh's C&t.= Columbella tnumnhalis Duel. [Clavella]. W. Columbia. 213 10. Buccinum brevidentatum, Mawe=P«r^?. cornigera, Blainv. = P. ocel- lata, Kien. W. Columbia. 213 11. Buccinum denticulatum, Mawe ) =Monoceros lugubre, Sby. Gen. 213 12. Buccinum armatum, Mawe j Calif. 213 13. Buccinum tectum, Mawe=Pwrj??. callosa, Sby. Gen., non Lam.=P. anguliferttj Kien. (Ducl.)= Cuma sidcata, Swains. Mai. Pan. 213 15. Buccinum planaxis, Mawe=P/. planicosta, Sby. = P. canaliculata, Duval, Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 107. Pan. \_Purp. canaliculata, Duel., is quite distinct.] 214 25. Buccinum elongatum, Mawe= Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat.=a T. zebra, Kien. Pan. 215 15. Strombus bituberculatus, B.M., non auct. = $£;*. Peruvianus, Swains.. Phil. Mag. 62. W. Columb. 216 3. Murex rigidus, B.M.==^^^c. nodatum, Martyn= Murex n., Gmel., Dillw.= Turbinetta rigida, Gray. Pan. [Probably the Pacific sp.l 217 10. Murex sanguineus, Mawe= Turbinella varicosa, Rve. Galapag-os. 217 14. Murex salmo, ^la,we—Fasciolaria^ranosa, Kien., as of Brod., P"Z. S. 1832. Panama. 218 1. Trochus vndosm, Wood= T. undatus, Mawe, Conch, no. 146 (not described) ; = T. balcenarum, Val. Calif. 219 4. Trochus pellis-serpentis, Mawe = Tegula elcgans, Less. , 111. Zool. pi. 50 ; = Tr. strigilatus, Phil, (quasi Anton) Abbild. pi. 2. f. 9. Pan. 225 45. Turbo saxosus, Ma,we=;Marmorostoma undulata, b wains., Zool. 111. s. 2. Pan. 233 6. Haliotis corrugata, Mawe, Conch, no. 181. ?=//. nodosa, Phil. Abbil. pi. 2. Calif. 233 3. Patella peziza, Gra,y=Dispotia+ \ [=£. pattida, Br. & Sby.]. 50, 244. Natica (Lunaha) soluta ( L J J 30, 244. Natica (Lunatia) algida ; " R. Negro," E. E. Shells ; " Oregon," E, E. Moll. [vere: = young of L. Lewisii, Old., July 1847, =L. Aem/fea,Midd., 1849], f>2. Lacuna carinata, Old., Nov. 1848 [L. soKdula, Lov., 1846. Finmark]. 62,245, Litorina patttla, Gld. [non Jefir,], Mar. 1849,= L. planaxis [Nutt], Phil., 1847. 52, 63. Litorina kpida, scutulata, et plena, [are shown by large series to be varieties of one species]. 99. Litorma cincta, Gld., Aug. 1847, Puget Sd. [=£. Sitchana, Phil., 1845. This species appears to have been overlooked in the E. E, Moll.] 61. Cerithitim irroratum, Gld. [= C. obesuni, Sby. sen., teste H. Cuming. Tho type proves this to be an E. I. species, and not the Pauamic C. stercus- muscarum, VaL, as supposed by Dr. Gld. : v. C. B. Ad. in loco]. C2. Oerithium filosum, Gld., May 1849 [=*Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd., 1849, (Bittium). Comp. C.Jilosum, Phil., Z. f. M. 1848, p. 84. California], 04, 245. Fusus (Eela) fidicida. (54, 245. Fusus (Tropfion) Orpheus [(non Baird.)= T. Fabricii, Moll., in Br. Mus.] 07, 245. JSuccinum (Nassa, s. g. Tritia) fossatum. Casia in Ind. p. 253. [= JV1 eleffans, Rve., 1842, non Dujardin : —Zaphon e., Add.]. 70,245. Nassa (Tritia) mendica^N. Woodwardi, Fbs., 1850 [from types :+N. Gibbesiij Coop.]. 71, 245. Columbella (Alia) gausapata. [Belongs to the Nassoid group, Amycla.~\ 75, My a prwcisa \_ = M. truncata. Scarcely even a variety j but approaches the form AldrovandiJ] 76, 245. Lutraria (Tresus) capax. [Dr. G. revives his excellent name ; L. maxima, Jonas, 1844, being anterior to Midd. Conrad's name, Schizothcerus Niittallii, is, however, very much earlier.] 77, 246. Ostcodesma (Lyonsia) bracteatum [+O. nttiaum, Gld., in different states of preservation, =L. Catifornica, Conr. The " golden nacre " of O. brac- teatum is due to incipient decay, r,s generally happens in Anomiads]. 83, 246. Cardita (Actinobolus) ventricosa. [Appears to be a local variety of the ancient Miocene species, Venericardiaborcalis^-^-C. occidentalis, Conr., + C. suUenta, Conr. (fossil) probably.] 83. Cardium blandum, 1850. [A finely grown ?var. of C. Californiensc, Desh., 1839, Midd. (non C. Californianum, Conr., 1837, — corbis, var.) = C.pseudo- fossile, Rve., 1844. The name is so like the preoccupied Californianum that it may advantageously be dropped.] 85. Venus rigida, 1850 [non Dillw. 1817. It is fortunate that the name is not needed, as the author has joined two very different species, both of which have other names. The original Latin diagnosis applies- to the- rough northern form of Tapes staminea, Conr., which is the Saxidomus Petitii of Desh., and includes V. ruderata, Desh. But the "specimen, 3f in. long," which modified the description in the E. E. Moll., and is- figured at f. 538, proves to be the adult form of Tapes tenerrima, Cpr., P. Z. S. July 1856, which is a Californian and not a Panamic species, as had been supposed from Col. Jewett's label]. 87, 246. Anodonta corjnata — A. Oregonensis, Lea (probably). 87. Anodonta feminalis \_—A. an^ulata, var., teste Lea]* 2 17 S32 REPORT— 1863. Otia, Page. 93. Mi/filus (Modiola) Jt-abeUatus. [The northern form of Modiola recta, Com. The " specimens from lh3 Gulf of California " must have been M. lira- zilicnsis, intermixed by accident.] 94. Mytilus trossuhts [is scarcely a variety of M. edulis, which is very abundant along the coast, under its usual modifications of form and colour: but generally of small size]. 95. Pcctcn hericeus, Gld. [ = P. hastatus, Sby. sen.]. 97, 246. Terebratitla ( Waldheimici) pidvinata. 97, 246. Terebratula (Terebratvlla) caurina. E. E. Moll. Page. 113. Planorbis corpulentus is of Say. 143. Melania plicffera is of Lea. 436. Anodonta angulata is of Lea. 206. Scalaria ?australis [is abundantly confirmed from the Vancouver district. It should be called Opulia borealis, Gld.]. 244. Purpura ostrina, Gld., 'Otia,' p. 225 [is an aberrant smooth var. of P. lapillus, Coop., non Ln. ; the normal state being P. saxicola, Val.]. The following species, described in the * Otia ' and ' E. E. Moll.' as from * N. Zealand ' and an unknown locality, are really from Puget Sound. Otia, Page. 66, 245. Trochus pupillus, Gld., March 1849: N. Zealand (Ziziphinus in Index) : = Margarita calostoma, A. Ad., 1851. Comp. T. modesius, Midd. [which is, however, =ligatus, Gld., = costatits, Mart. This species is named in the B. M. Col. " M. costellata, Sby.," but is distinct, teste A. Ad. & Mus. Cum.]. 64,245. Fusus (Neptunad) incisus, Gld., May 1849. Hab. ?— [=Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense, Midd., 184Q,=£uccinum dirum, Rve., 1846.] B. A. Eep. Page. 210. Venus calcarea [is correctly described by Dr. G. as from N. Zealand; although quoted by him as the Oregon analogue of V. mercenaria], 211. Tellina Callfornica, Conr. [ = J/«cowa inconspicua]. 211. Triton fiyrinum [is from Central America, not] Puget Sd. 211. Pectcn Fabricii, Phil, [is the young of Islundicm : Dr. G.'s shells are the young of P. ("ruJridus, ?var.") Hindsii]. 211. Fusus cancellinus. [Dr. G.'s shells are Ocinebra, var. asperaJ] 212. Purpura lagena, Gld. [MS., is probably saxicola, var.]. 213. Pecten Townsendi [has not been identified], 213. Venus ampliata [is believed by Dr. G. to have been first designated by him as a species, afterwards proved = riyida (Petitii), var.]. 44. Middendorff. — The synonymy given in Hep. pp. 214-222 is that of the author, not of the writer of the Report, who is by no means prepared to accept the learned doctor's identification of species. The three Chitons quoted with doubt from Tilesius have not been confirmed, as from Kamtschatka, by any other writer. The Ch. giganteus has the aspect of the large Ischnoclriton Magdalensis ; the Oh. muricatus belongs to the LopTiyrus group, which is not known so far north ; and the Ch. setosus has also a S. American aspect. The treatise " De Chitone Giganteo Camtschatico additamentum ad Zoographium llosso-Asiaticum, auctore Tilesio," was read March 19, 1823, and publi.-Ouvl in 1824. It contains a very valuable and (for that period) remarkable account of the anatomy of Chitons, but it does not profess to name and describe species in the modern sense. The names, therefore, had better be dropped. Midden- dorfFs new species were first described in the ' Bulletin de la Classe Physico- 3Iathematique de 1'Acade'mie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbonrg,' a work of which few complete copies are known in England, under the follow- ing dates. April -20,, 1847: roL vi. No. 8 (total number 128). 18 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 533 Column. 116. Chiton Stelleri, n. s.,= C. amiculatus, Sbyv Rve., non Pallas. 117. Chiton Pallasii, n. s. 117. Chiton Brandtii, u. s. 118. Chiton Mertcnsii, n. s. 118. Cliiton Eschscholtzii, n. s. 1 19. Chiton Wosnessenskii, n. s. [A typical Mopalia : mantle indented behind.] 120. Chiton Merckii, n. s. [=C7t. ligtwsus, Gld., July 1846:= Mopalia Monterey en- sis, Cpr.]. 120. Chiton limdus, n. s. 121. Chiton scrobiculatus, n. s., California. 121. Chiton Sitchensis, n. s. Nov. 1847 (read April 28) : vol. vi. No. 20 (total number 140). 317. Patella (?Acma>a) ancyloides, n. s. [Probably a delicately grown young patina : the diagnosis, however, suits textilis. Name afterwards altered to per- sonoides, to distinguish from Propilidium ancyloide, Fbs.] 318. Patella (?Acmcea) ceruginosa, n. s. [Probably =textilis, Gld., 1846; but the figure is more like scabra, Nutt.] 318. Patella (? AcmeeaJpHeolus, n. s. [Probably the young of A. pelta ; but assigned in Mus. Cum. to a very different shell, =A. rosacea, Cpr.] 318. Patella (?Acmeea) Asmi, n. s. [A specimen of A. pelta, in Dr. Cooper's col- lection, began life as A. Asmi.] 319. Patella (?Acm(ca) cceca; genuina, vertice erecto, Atlantic. 319. Patella (?Acnuea) cceca, var. concentrica j vertice subinflexo ; with crowded lamellae of growth. 1849 ; read Oct. 6, 1848 : vol. vii. No. 160. " Vorlaufige Anzeige einiger neuer Konchylien aus den Geschlechtern : Litorina, &c.; von Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff." 241 no. 1. Litorina yrandis. [The specimens in B. M. and Mus. Cum. appear to represent a large var. of L. litorea.~\ 242 2. Litorina Kurila (like tenebrosa). 242 3. Litorina subtenebrosa. [Probably an extreme var. of L. Sitchana.~\ 243 4. Tritonium (Fusus) antiqmtm, Lnv var. Behringiana. 243 5. Tritonium (Fusus) Behringii. 243 6. Tritonium (Fusus) Baerii. 244 7. Tritonium (Fusus) Sitchense [probably = Chr. dims, Rve., var. ; but stated to be " e livido viridescente ; columella saepius umbilicata"]. 244 8. Tritonium (Fusus) liiridum [= Vitularia aspera, Baird, smooth form]. 244 9. Tritonium (Buccinum) simplex. 244 10. Tritonium (Buccinum) Ochotense. 245 11. Tritonium (Buccinum) undatum, Linn., var. Schantarica. 245 12. Tritonium (Buccimim) ooicles. 245 13. Bullia ampullacea [is the genus Volutharpa of Fischer]. 246 15. Natica herculcca, North California [=L. Leivisii, Gld., July 1847], 246 16. Margarita arctica, Leach, var. major. In the text of the 4to volumes, the following corrections are suggested, the numbers referring to the page in the B. A. Report which contains the abstract. Report, 215. Acmcsa scutum, D'Orb. [is quite distinct from A. persona, Esch. The latter, as figured by Midd., is a very young shell, not certainly be- longing to the species]. 216. Turritella Eschrichtii. [=Bittium .filosum, Gld., May 1849. There being no month-date to Midd.'s species, the excellent name of Gld., which may also be of Phil. 1848, should be retained.] 216. Trochus ater and maestus [are well-marked South American species. Probably the shells intended are Chlorostoma Junebrale, A. Ad., and its congeners.] 216. Trochus eiiryomphalus [= Phorcus pulligo, Mart.,teste Dohrn]. 216. Trochus modestus, Md. [==//o.sz«s,Wd., = Calliostoma costatum, Martyn]. 216. Trochus (Turbo) Fokkesii [is from the peninsula of Lower Cal.]. 216. Natica flava, Gld. [" is entirely different from any of the synonyms under it," teste Gld.]. 19 534 REPORT — 1863. Aiepoit, 216. Scalaria Ochotensis [appears an aberrant Opalia; but is the genus Adrsa of Mb'rch, closely allied to Mesalia, teste A. Ad.]. 216. Crepidula Sitchana [is figured like the young of grandis ; but the specimens in Mus. Cum., when compared with the similar stage of C. excavata, display no differences either inside, outside, or in the nuclear whorls]. 216. Crcpidula minuta [appears the young of C. nacicelloides, Nutt.] 216. Crepidula grandis [fossil at Sta. Barbara, = C. princeps, Conr. Can hardly be distinguished from very fine specimens of C. fornicuta, sent from Halifax, Nova Scotia, by Mr. Willes]. 217. Trichotropis cancellata, lids, [is quite distinct from T. borealis]. 217. Pur pur a decemcostata, ~Midd.i=P.canaliculata, Duel. Var. = P. at" tenuata, Rve. Var. = P. analoga, Fbs. ] 217. Tritonium (Trvphon) clathratum, Ln. [is distinct from the shouldered M. midticostatus, Esch.,= Gunneri, jLov.]. 217. Tritonium (Fusus) decemcostatum [=C%r. Middendorffii, Cooper = Chr. liratus, Martyn.] 218. Tritonium (Buccinum} cancellation [Midd., non] Lam. [=Pn'ene Oreyonensis, Redf. P. cancellata is the Cape Horn species. Some specimens in alcohol in Sir E. Belcher's collection, however, said to be from Icy Cape, greatly resemble the southern shell]. 218. Tritonium (Poltia) scabrum [is exclusively a S. American shell. Dr. M.'s shell may have been Ocinebra, var. asperd], 218. Pecten rubidus, Hds. [non Martyn, = P. Islandicus, Mull. Midd. 's pi . 13. f. 1-3 are marked in expl. of plates " Islandicus, var. Behringiana ; " they are probably (" rubidus, ?var.") Hindsii. But the figs. 4-6 are certainly the young of Hinnites giganteus~\. 219. Venerupis gigantea. [Decorticated specimens of Saxidomus sqitahd-m.~] 219. Petricola gibba. [Elongated form ofcylindmcea, Desh., = carditoides^oz J 219. Machcera costata. [The figures represent M. patula, Dixon.] 220. Cingida minuta [" is quite distinct from Hydrobia ulvce" teste Gld.]. 220. Velutina cryptospira. [Probably a LamellariaJ] 220. Purpura Freycinettii, Desh. [is quite distinct from attenuata, Rve. It is doubtful whether Midd.'s shells belong to Desh.'s species]. 221. Terebratula frontahs, Midd. 1851, named in 1849, [may be the young of Waldheimia Coreanica, Ad. & Rve., 1850, = Terebratella miniata, Gld., 1860, teste A. Ad., Rve.]. 221. Astarte lactea, Gld. [is distinct from A. Scotica, teste Gld.]. 221. Tellina fusca, Say [is distinct from T. solidula, though it may= T. bal- thica ; teste Gld. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby., is distinct from both]. 222. Lyonsia hyalina [is distinct from L. Norvegica']. 222. Machcera costata, Say. [Dr. Gould does not believe that any of Midd.'s synonyms belong to this species. Solcn medius, in Br. Mus., appears ^= S. ambiguus, Lam., as figured by Swains. It is not a MachteraJ] 45. Samarang. — Litorina castanea, Ad. & Eve., 1850. " Eastern Seas," p. 49, pi. 11. f. 8 [appears identical with L. Sitchana, Phil.]. 46. E. B. Philippi. — Columbella tceniata, Phil., 1846 [is probably identical with Anachis Gaskoinei, Cpr. But C. tceniata, Ad. & Rve., 1850, is perhaps a Nitidella']. 47. The " Mexican War Naturalists." — These were Major Rich and Lieu.}. Green. Col. E. Jewett was not connected with the war, as would be supposed from the introduction to Dr. Gould's pamphlet. The following corrections apply to the new species tabulated in Rep., pp. 226-228. The species of Gould bear date April 1852 (tesie Otia, p. 184) and Nov. 1851 (Otia, p. 210) ; the others, July 1856. No. 3. Corbula poly chroma [=C. biradiata, var.]. 7. Tettina lersa \ = Macoma nasuta, jun. CaL, not Pan.], 20 ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 535 No. 8. Tellina pura [=3f. Mazatlanica, jun. Desh., Mus. Cum.]. 11. Donax Jlexuosus [=_D. Lamarckn, Desh., in B. M.]. 13. Gnathodon mendicus [=6r. trigonum, Pet., May 1853]. 15. Eaeta undulata [is distinct from Harrella elegans]. 20. Cardium luteolabrum \_—C. quadragenarium, Conr.]. 21. Cardium cruentatum \_ = Liocardium substriatum, Conr.]. 27. Modiola nitens [ = M. subpurpureus, Mus. Cum., and is not fromCal.]. 28. Adula falcata. [The locality of Mr. Cuming's specimens has not been con- firmed. For "species," in note, read "specimens."] 31. Lima tetrica. [The specimens from the Mediterranean, VV. Indies, Gulf Cal.; and Pacific Islands were all named L. squamosa by Mr. Cuming.] 33. Bulimus vesicalis (nom. preoc.) = B. suffiatus, ' Otia,' p. 184. 40. Nacdla paleacea. [Col. Jewett's specimens appear distinct from N. depicta}Hds.^\ 41. Troclius marcidus. [This shell was called Omphalius Pfeifferi by Mr. Cuming, from the resemblance of the figure, in which the umbilicus appears keeled ; but the shell marked 'type/ answering to the diagnosis, along with l Chloro- stoma' maculosum, A. Ad., are scarcely varieties of Phorcus pidligo, Marty n. The finest series is in the B. M.] 43. Livona picoides [has been heard of, but not seen since the explorations of Col. J. Dr. Gld. still considers the species distinct : among the very dissimilar varieties from the W. Indies (vide suite in B. M.) it would probably not have been singled out as a species, but for the theory of the author]. 45. Crucibidum Jewettii [should be cvrrugatum, P. Z. S.]. 47. Modulus dorsuosus. [Col. J. now thinks that the supposed Acapulco specimens are W. Indian, —lenticularis, Chem. When dead, the forms from the two oceans can hardly be distinguished ; but the aspect of his shells is Caribbeean.] 54. Conus ravus [= C." Calif ornicus, H'ds.]. 56. Conus pusillus, Gld. [non Chem. —nux, small var., teste Cuming]. 57. Obeliscus achates [_ = O. clavuhis, A. Ad., 1854]. 65. Columbetta Sta.-Uarbarmsis [so named to correct the statement that California was above the limit of the genus, proves to be a Mexican shell, and was probably obtained at Acapulco. Having been redescribed by Reeve from perfect specimens, it may stand as C. Reevei]. 66. Nitidella Goiddii. [Not to be confounded with Col. Gouldiana, Agass., which is probably Amycla.^ 67. Fusus ambustus [is a Californian species. The type stands in Mus. Cum. as F.fragosus, Rve., but does not answer to the diagnosis. The typical fragosus is marked fragosus, var. F. ambustus appears absolutely identical with jP. clavatus, Brocc'hi, Mediterranean. Some of the diagnostic marks are not con- stant in the specimens], Col. Jewett went to Panama, as a private collector, in January 1849, spending ten weeks in that region, including Taboga. This was two years before Prof. Adams's explorations. Thence he sailed to San Francisco, where he spent four months in exploring the shore for about 50 miles from the head of the bay. After labouring for a week at Monterey, he spent ten weeks at Sta. Barbara and the neighbourhood, thoroughly exploring the coast for fifteen miles as far as Sta. Bonadventura. It was here, at the " Rincon," after a violent southern storm, that he obtained the specimens of Livona picoides, as well as many other rare species that have not been obtained by any other explorer. " The storm tore up the kelp to such a degree that it formed a bank for many miles on the beach, from 10 to 20 feet broad, and at least 4 feet deep. Many of the plants were more than 60 feet long and 5 inches in diameter, having the appearance of vast cables." Before his return to the east, he also collected at Mazatlan (wherd0 he obtained some species not included in the B. M. Catalogue) and at Acapulco. There can be no doubt of the accuracy of the Colonel's observations at the time they were made. Unsurpassed in America as a field-paktoutologist. possessed of accurate 21 536 REPORT— 18G3. discrimination, abundant carefulness, and unwearied diligence and patience, no one was better fitted to collect materials for a scientific survey of the coast. 13 ut, unfortunately for his (as for the Nuttallian) shells,he did not describe them at the time himself. They were subjected to all the derangements caused by frequent changes of residence, and transmission to various naturalists for identification. As we know what errors creep into the collections of the most learned under such circumstances, it is not surprising that they should now have lost much of their geographical value. After several days spent in a very searching elimination of the west-coast shells from his general col- lection, I was driven to the conclusion that several labels had become mis- placed. This was so clearly the case as to certain N. England and W. Indian species interchanged with Pacific specimens, that it might also affect (e. y.) Sta. Barbara and Panama specimens as compared with each other. The kelp driven up by the great storm may have travelled from remote localities ; which will account for tropical shells having been found at Sta. Barbara, as W. Indians occasionally are even on our own shores. It is possible also, as the Californian seas have as yet been but little dredged, that deep-water species live there which as yet are known only in the tropical province. Already some Gulf species have been thus obtained at Stpi Diego and Catalina Island by Dr. Cooper, just as Mr. M'Andrew dredged Mediterranean species on the coast of Norway. But facts of such importance should rest on better evidence than chance shells picked on a beach, and subjected to dangers of altered labels afterwards. What was regarded by Dr. Gould as of authority is cata- logued, according to his determinations of species, on pp. 226-231 of the first Report. The following is a list of the species which I found in the collection3, divided simply into the temperate and the tropical faunas. Species of the Temperate Fauna, collected ly Col. Jewett £. Pholadidea penifa, ovoidea. Saxicava pholadis. Schizotheirus Nuttallii. Cryptomya Californica. Lyonsia Californica. Solen Psicarius, var. rosaceus *f. Machaera patula. Solecurtus Californianus, subteres. Macoma nasuta, secta. Lutricola alt a. Semele decisa, rubrolineata. Donax Californicus, flexuosus*. Standella PCalifornica. Trigona crassatelloides. Psephis tantilla*. Amiantis callosa. Chione succincta, fluctifraga, simillima. Tapes staminea, tenerrima*. Saxidonms squalidus. Petricola carditoides. Rupellaria lamellifera. Lazaria siibquadrata*f. Chama pellucida. Lucina Californica. Diplodonta orbella. Mytilus Californianus, edulis. Modiola modiolus, recta, fornicate *f« Leda caelata. Pecten hastatus, latiauvitus, (Pventrico- sus, var.) jequisulcatus*t, squairo- sus*t, paucicostatus*f. Amusium caurinuni, jun. Hinnites giganteus. Bulla nebulosa. " Tliis collection belongs to his daughter, Mrs. Boyce, of Utica, N.Y. The Coloncl'3 invaluable collection of U. S. Palaeozoic fossils (probably the largest made by any indivi- dual's own hand) may be consulted at the State Museum in Albany, and will probably find its ultimate destination at one of the principal colleges. A large number of the fossils described by Prof. Hall were from this collection, though often without acknow- ledgment. Only a small proportion of the types of the celebrated ' Paleeontology ' are to be found in the State Collection, which was subjected to disastrous and very extensive curtailment before Col. J. entered on his present duties as curator. * These species and marked varieties were first found by Col. J. t Of these forms, either not seen or not distinguished by Dr. Gould, the diagnoses arc written, and will probably be found in one of the scientific periodicals for 1864. J Unless otherwise stated in the list, Keport, pp. 228-231, it may be presumed that these species were from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. 22 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 537 Tornatina cerealis*, culcitella *. Cylichna (Fcylindracea, var.) attonsa*f. Vol vula cylindrical- Cryptochiton Stelleri. Mopalia muscosa. Nacella incessa, paleacea*. Acmaea patina, pelta, persona, scabra, spectrum, Asmi. Scurria mitra. Fissurella volcano. Glyphis densiclathrata. HaliotisCracherodii,rufescens,splendens. Phasianella(?compta,var3.)punctulata*t, pulloides*t, elatior*f. Pomaulax undosus. Trochiscus Norrisii, convexus*f. Calliostoma canaliculatum, costatuin. Li von a picoides *. Homaloporaa sanguineum. Chlorostoma funebrale, Pfeifferi. Crucibukmi spinosum. Crepidula adunea, dorsata, rugosa. Hipp onyx tumens *f. Serpulorbis squami gents. Eittium esiiriens*f, fastigiatum*t. Cerithidea sacrata. Litorina planaxis, scutellata. Amphithalamus inclusus *f. Lacuna unifasciata *. Hadius variabilis. Luponia spadicea : Trivia Califoraica. Erato columbella, vitellina. Drillia inermis, moesta *f . Daphnella filosa*f. Mangelia variegata*f; angulata*f. Myurella simplex *f. Conns Californicus. Odostomia gravida*, inflata*f. Chenmitzia tenuicula *, torquata * (et ?var. stylina *t), virgo *f, aurantia *f, crebrifilata *f, tridentata *f. Dunkeria laminata *f. Eulima Thersites *f. Opalia bullata *f. Lunatia Lewisii. Cerithiopsis ? tuberculata, fortior *f, purpnrea *t. Marginella Jewettii *, Ppolita, regu]a- ris *f, subtrigona*f. (Volvarina varia, serrata; perhaps im- ported, or label changed.) Olivella biplicata, bseticaf [=petiolita, Gld.,-f anazora, Gld., MS. (non Duel.) = rufifasciata, teste Cum., by error], Purpura crispata, saxicola. Nitidella Gouldii *. Ocinebra Poulsoni. Pteronotus festivua. Columbella carinata, Hindsii. Amycla ? Californiana, gaueapata, tube- rosa *f. Nassa perpinguis, mendica. PAnachis penicillata *f. Siphonalia fuscotincta *f. Species of the Tropical Fauna, collected by Col. Jewett Pholas crucigera [=lanceolata]. Dactylina laqueata. Corbula bicarinata, biradiata, nasuta, tennis, ovulata §, nuciformis §. Sanguinolaria miniata *§. Psammobia casta. Telliria felix, puella *, punicea, " ru- bella." Heterodonax bimaculatug etvars. §. Strigilla carnaria (white and red vars.)§ pisiformis§, sincera. Seniele pulchra §, venusta §. Iphigema altior. Douax transversus, navicula, gracilis, carinatus, rostratus §, punctatostria- tus §, v. caelatus §. assimilis. Mulinia augulata. Harvella elegans. Trigona planulata ||, Hindsii §. Dccinia l)uukeri. Callista aurantia, chionaea, circinata §, tortuosa, lupinaria)), ro.sea||, v. puella§. Chione amathusia, suoillata, neglecta. * Anomalocardia subimbricnta, subrugosa. Tapes grata, -f-vars. discors, fuscolineata. Petricola pholadiformis, var. Cras^atella gibbosa. Venericardia laticostata, radiata. Lazaria affinis. Chama frondosa, spinosa. Cardium consors §, senticosum, proce- rum, obovale. Hemicardiumbiangulatnm §, graniferum. Liocardium apicinnm §. Codakia tigerrina ||5|. Lucina eburnea §, excavata §, pectinata. Felania tellinoides §, var. Modiola Brasiliensis, capax. Lithophagus aristatus. Area grandis, tuberculosa. * Unless otherwise specified, either by §, |), or locality-marks in Kep. pf>. 228-231, these species may be presumed to have come from the Panama district. The&e species were probably from Acapulco. Probably from Mazatlan. Another specimen, 3'78 iru across, is marked " Sta. Barbara " oa the shell, 23 538 REPORT 18G3. Scapliarca bifrons *, emarginata, labiata, nux. Noetia reversa. Bjssoarca Pacifica, mutabilis. Barbatia alternata, aviculoides, gTadata, illota, solida. Pectunculus inaequalis, maculatus, par- cipictus §, Ppectinoides §. Leda Elenensis, polita. Pinna maura, tuberculosa. Avieula sterna. Bryophila setosa *. Isognomon Chemnitzianum. Pecten ventricosus, subnodosus §. Lima angulata §. Spondylus calcifer. Ostrea palmula. Anomia lampe. Bulla Adamsi, Quoyi §. Siphonaria gigas, lecanium§ et vara. maura, palmata §. Patella Mexieana. Acmaea mesoleuea, mitella, vernicosa. Fissurella riigosa, nigropunctata, ?ina- erotrema $. Gh'phis ina3C[iialis, alta. Phasianella perforata. CaUopoma saxOvSiim. Senectus squamigerus §. Uvranilla inermis. Calliostoma lima, Leanum f . Tegula pellis-serpentis. Oni phallus Panamensis, corooulatus *, Nerita Bernhardi, scabricosta. Neritina picta, Gnavaquilensis, Interme- dia [" =globoea, '&VL"]. Crucibulum imbricatum, spinosum, um- brella, radiatum, pectinatum *, corru- gatum *. Galerus conicus, mamillaris. Crepidula aculeata §, excavata, incitrva. Hipponyx barbatus, Grayanua. Aletes centiquadrus. Vermetus eburneus. Bivonia contorta, albida. Petaloeonchus macrophragma. Turritella goniostoma. Cerithium maculosum, uncinatum, me- diolaeve, intemiptum, alboliratum. Rhinoclavis gelnmata. Cerithidea Montagnei, varicosa. Litorina aspera, conspersa, Philippii. Modulus eatenulatus, Pdisculus. Rissoina firmata*, fortis*, exp?msa*fjf, stricta §; Janus *, Woodwardii i(. Planaxis mgritella, planicostata. Hadius avena §, similis. Carinea emarginata, jun. Aricia punctulata. TrivLa pustulata, puila, Pacifica§. Erato scabriuscula §, MaTigen'a?. Strombus galeatus, gracilior, granulatns* Terebra robusta. Euryta fulgurata, aciculata §. Pleurotoma funiculata. Drillia albovallosa, aterrima, Pexarata §f incrassata, nigerrima, rudis, bexagona, Pgracillima, var. Mangelia subdiaphana §, hamata*tr eerea*t, Ppulcliella. Cithara stromboides§ [? =triticea;Kien.]. Daphnella casta §. Conns gladiator, mahogani, nux, purpiv- rascens, regularis. Solarium granulatum, Torinia variegata. Obeliscus achates *|f. Chemnitzia caelata*f. Scalaria llind.-ii *. Alora Gouldii *. Cancellaria bulbulus, claratula, deeus- sata; goniostoma, tessellata, mitrifor- mis. Natica marocoana et vars., Souleyetiana, zonaria §, catenata §. Polinices oti^^ uber. Nevcrita patula ^. Ficula ventricosa. Malea ringeas. Bezoardica abbreviata. Levenia coarctata. Persona ridens [? = ] constrictus* Triton lignarius, tigrinus, ? pileare, jun. Priene nodosa. Ptanella caelata, nitida, triquetra, pyra- midalis [like anceps and producta, Bye.]. Fasciolaria granosa, tulipa, jun. [Pirn- ported]. Latirus castaneus, ceratus, rudis, tuber- culatns. I^eucozonia cin^ulata. Mitr-a lens, tuniculata, nucleola. Strigatella tristis. Lyri'd harpa. Marfrinella eferuleseens, polita (?§). Persicula imbricate §. Volvarinatriticea §, varia§, serrata§, fus- ea § [some of these are assigned to Sta. Barbara. West Indian specimens may have been intermixed: vide Cape St. Lucas list, infrii]. Oliva angulata,' porphyria. OliTella anazora, gracilis §, ineonspicua, semistriata, tergina, volutella, zonalis, Zanoeti. Agaronia testacea. Harpa crenata. Purpura biserialis, melo, patula, triangu- laris, triserialis. Cuina tecta^ kiosquifonnia. 24 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 539 Pyrula patula. Engina Reeviana, crocostoma. Anachis Californica .*§, coronata, costel- lata, fluctuata, lyrata, nigricans, parva, pygmaea, diminuta #, rugosa, varia. Strombina bicanalifera, gibberula, re- eurva. Pisania gemmata, insignia, pagodus, ringens, sanguinolenta. Northia pristis. Clavella distort*. Murex recurvirostris, [?=] nigrescens dubia, vibex, "pin- Bhizocheilus mix. Vitularia salebrosa. Ocinebra erinaceoides. Monoceros brevidentatum. Sistrum carbonarium §. Nitidella cribraria. Columbella festiva, fuscata, labiosa, major, Reevei*§, imcinata§, Pmille- pimctata, var.§ Conella coniformis. Truncaria modesta. Nassa collaria*, corpulenta, crebristri- ata, luteostoma, pagodus, scabrius- cula, tegula, versicolor, complanata, Muricidea alveata* Stimpsoniana *, nodicincta. niger, Phos gaudens. This list, of about 133 species from the northern and 328 from the southern fauna (nearly twice as large as that sent by Dr. Gould and printed in the first Report, and yet not containing several species there quoted), is an instructive instance of what may be accomplished in about three-quarters of a year, simply by picking up shore-shells. It contains about 48 species in the northern and 22 in the southern faunas not previously described. Besides the recent shells, Col. Jewett brought home a very interesting series of Pliocene fossils from the neighbourhood of Sta. Barbara. Almost all of them are species known to inhabit neighbouring seas, and are chiefly northern forms. Of some no recent specimens have yet been found in such perfect condition. The following is a list of the species, which is of the more value as they have not been intermixed with those of any other locality, and the spot does not seem to have been discovered by any succeeding geological explorer. It was two miles from the coast, and 150 feet high. Schizotheirus Nuttallii. Mactra planulata. Chione succincta *. Pachydesma crassatelloides. Psephis tantilla, Psalmonea. Rupellaria lamellifera. Cardium graniferum *. Venericardia v. ventricosa f. Lucina Californica. Pecten floridus *. Hinnites giganteus. Planorbis, sp. Calliostoma costatum. Margarita pupilla f. Omphalius aureotinctus. Gal eras fastigiatus f. Crepidula grandisf [^k?^ Com:, 3-5 inches long]. Crepidula adunca. ,, navicelloides. Tumtella Jewettii, n. s. Bittium rugatum, n. s. „ armillatum; n. s. „ filosum f. Lacuna solidula f. * These species are of a southern type, t These forms rank with the northern fauna. Chrysallida, sp.* Opalia (Pcrenatoides, var.) insculpta*, n. s. Lunatia Lewisii. Natica clausa f. Priene Oregonensis f. Olivella biplicata. Columbella carinata. Amycla gausapata. „ tuberosa, n. s. PTruncaria corrugata. Nassa fossata. „ mendica. Purpura crispata. Ocinebra lurida. Trophon tenuisculptus f , ?n. s. [may prove identical with T. Jimbriatula, A. Ad., Japan]. Trophon Orpheus f. Fusus ambustus. Pisania fortis *, n. s. Chrysodomus carinatus f, Brit. Mua. [probably = despectus, var. ] . Chrysodomus tabulatus, jun.f, n. s. .. dims f. series. Tlie rest belong to the present Californian 25 540 REPORT 1863. The following fossils were also col- lected by Col. Jewett : — Purpura crispata I San Francisco, 160 ft. „ ostrina ( above the Bay. Tellina congesta, Conr. Monterey. Scalaria : can scarcely be distinguished from planicosttita, Kien., in Brit. Mus. (?=Gr(Klandica) : Panama, The collections of Major Rich, having been tabulated by Dr. Gould simply as from Upper or Lower California, I had expected to find of but little geo- graphical value. They proved, however, to be of peculiar interest. Major Rich had been one of the naturalists in the U. S. Expl. Exp., and his warlike occupations did not prevent his remaining long enough at particular stations to pay close attention to the Molluscs. His forte lay in procuring shells in the best possible condition ; and a study of them was very serviceable in explaining the dead shore-shells usually obtained from other sources. For- tunately, he was quite aware of the importance of geographical accuracy, and arranged those obtained at different places in separate drawers. The " Upper Californian " collections were made at Monterey, San Francisco, San Diego, and San Pedro ; the " Lower Californian," in the Gulf, principally at La Paz, partly at San Jose and Mazatlan. At the latter place he met M. Reigen, who had filled his house with decomposing molluscs to such an ex- tent as to induce the neighbours to have recourse to the police. From him he obtained many species not in the Brit. Mus. Cat., and probably sent to Europe in the Havre collection. Major Rich's beautiful series may be consulted at his residence, opposite the British Legation, Washington, D. C. ; and are designed ultimately for one of the public museums in the neighbourhood. The following is a list of the species : — Shells collected by Major Rich, from the Californian Fauna. Pholadidea ovoidea 1 2. Parapholas Californica l. (The young is very acuminate, with imbricated cups, as in P. calva.) Netastoma Danvinii x. Saxicava pholadis l 3. Platyodon cancellatus 4. Schizotheirus Nuttalli 4. Cryptomya California l. Thracia curta *. Lyonsia Californica *. Mytilimeria Nuttalli l. (Very fine, with ossicle.) Solen sicarius 3. Macha3ra patula l. Solecurtus Californianus 8. Sanguinolaria Nuttalli 4. Psammobia rubroradiata l. Macoma nasuta x, secta l *. Scrobicularia alta 4. Semele decisa l. Cumingja Californica l- Donax Californicus T. Mactra Californica 1. Pachydesma crassatelloides l *. Amiantis callosa 4. Chione succincta 4. Tapes staminea et vars. 1 2 4, lacini- ata 1 *. Petricola carditoides l. Rupellaria lamellifera l, Chama Buddiana 4. Cardium Nuttalli 4. Lucina Califomica *. Diplodonta orbella 4. Kellia Laperousii \ Mytilus Californianus1, edulis1, v.glome- ratus *4. Septifer bifurcatus1*. Modiola modiolus l. Lithophagus attenuatus l. Adula falcata1*. Pecten v. requisulcatus 4, monotimeris 4. Hinnites giganteus l. Placunanomia macroschisma l. Bulla nebulosa4. Katherina tun* ata l. Mopalia muscosa l, Hindsii l. Nacella incessa 2. Acmcea persona a, pelta 2, spectrum2, sea- bra 2, et var. limatula f2. Lottia gigantea a. Scurria mitra 2. Fissurella oraata 4 2. 1 Monterey. Fresh specimens of seven species from the southern fauna were also obtained at Monterey, probably from commerce. - San Diego. 3 San Francisco. * These species were flrsfc found by Major Rich. 26 4 Uear San Pedro. ON MOLLUSCA 07 THE IVEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 541 Glyphis densiclathrata 2. Lucapiaa crenulata l (one spec. Catalina Is.). Haliotia rufescens l 4, Craclierodii l 4, Kamtscliatkana l 4. Pomaulax undosus4. Trochiscus Norrisii 2 (and Catalina Is.). Calliostoma canaliculatum 1, annula- tum l, costatum l. Oniphalius fuscescens4. Clilorostoma funebrale *, brunneum J, Pfeitferi *. Crucibulum spinosum 2. Crepidula rugosa -, adunca -, explanata a. Hipponyx Pantiquatus2, Ftumens1. Serpulorbis squamigerus 2. Spiroo-lyphus iituella * *. Litorina planaxis *. Trivia Californica l. Conns Californicus 4. Eanella Californica4. (Xivella biplicata *, baetica *. Purpura, vars. ostrina l, emarginata l. Cerostoma Nuttalli4. Nassa mendica 1) perpingius *, fossata4. Helix, three sp. Shells collected ~by Major Rich, near La Paz (west shore of the Gulf of CaL), (Tliracia) Cyathodonta plicata. Sanguinolana miniata. Tellina Cumingii. Strigilla carnaria. Heterodouax bimacnlatus. Iphigenia altior. Donax navicula, punctato-str., rostratus. Standella fragilis (common). Mulinia angulata. Trigona argentina, radiata, planulata. Dosinia ponderosa. Callista concinna, cliionaea. Chione succincta, amathusia, gnidia, pulicaria, var. Anoraalocardia subimbricata. Tapes grata, histrionica. Lazaria Californica. Chama spinosa, producta, corrugata. Cardium censors, biangulatum. Liocardium elatum. Codakia tigerrina (two fine specimens). Cyrena olivacea, Mexic&^ia. Anodonta glauca. Mytilus multiformis. Modiola capax. Area multicostata. Barbatia Heeviana, solida. Pectuncnlus giganteus. Pinna rugosa. Margaritophora fimbriata. Isognornon Chemnitzianum. Pecten ventricosus, subnodosus. Lima tetrica *. Janira dentata. Ostrea amara (Maz. Cat. 215. Is. Cres- tona, entrance of Gulf), Virginica (more pearly than the Atlantic shells, teste Rich). Anemia lampe. Bulimus sufflatus *, excelsus *, pallidior. Physa elata *, aurantia. Patella Mexicana. Acmaea atrata, mesoleuca. Fissurella rugosa, virescena. Glyphis alta, inteq^ualis. Haliotis splendens (three fresh specimens from a resident at San Jose). Callopoma fluctuosuin. CJvauilla olivacea. Oniphalius rugosus, coronulatus. Nerita scabricosta, Bernhardi. Neritina picta. Crucibulum spinosum, imbricatum, pec- tinatum, umbrella. Galerus mamillaris, conicus. Crepidula aculeata, onyx, nivea, ungui- formis, arenata. Hipponyx Grayanus, serratus, anti- quatus. Aletes centiquadrus. Spiroglyphus Iituella (on Cr. umbrella). Turritella goniostoma, tigrina. Cerithium maculosum,stercus muscarum. Cerithidea Montagnei. Litorina fasciata, conspersa. Modulus catenulatus, disculus. Cyprsea exanthema. Aricia arabicula. Luponia Sowerbii, albuginosa. Trivia sanguinea, radians, Solandri, pus- tulata, Pacifica. Strombus granulatus, gracilior. Euryta fulgurata. Pleurotoma funiculata, maculosa. Drillia Pinermis. Conus puncticulatus, gladiator, purpu- rascens, regularis, arcuatus, mix. Solarium granulatum, v. quadriceps. Cancellaria obesa, cassidiformis, solida, goniostoma, Pcandida. Natica maroccana, zonaria. Polinices Kecluziaua, bifasciata, otis. Neverita patula. Sigaretus debilis. Oniscia tuberculosa. Levenia coarctata. Bezoardica abbreviata. Priene nodosa. Turbinella caastus. Fasciolaria princeps. 27 542 REPOUT— 1SG3. Leucozonia cingulata. Mitra lens. Oliva porphyria, Melchersi, Cumingii, subangulata. Olivella tergina, gracilis, volutella (seve- ral taken alive). Agaronia testacea. Purpura patula, biserialis, triangularis, muricata, planospira J. Nitidella cribraria. Columbella fuscata, var. Conella cedo-nulli. Nassa luteostoma, scabriuscula, corpn- lenta. Pyrula patula. Fusus Dupetithouarsii. Siphonalia pallida. Strombina (? new, deep water, San Jose). Pisania sanguinolenta, insignis. Murex plicatus, recurvirostris. Phyllonotus nigritus, brassica, princeps, bicolor. Muricidea dubia. Lieut. Green having been obliged to pack up his collection and leave home on professional duty, I was not able to make any critical examination of it, Capt. Dupont also, of Delaware, was one of the " Mexican-war naturalists," and made a large collection of La Paz shells during his campaign ; but I had no opportunity of seeing them. Dr. Gould notes the following corrections in Lieut. Green's list, pp. 231- 234 :— Semele flavicans should bejlarescens. \ Donax abruptm should be obesus. 50. Kellett and Wood. — The locality-marks, on further study, display still greater inaccuracies. Nassa Woodwardii, Fbs., Sandwich Islands [is the adolescent state of a very abun- dant Vancouver and California!! shell, = & mendica, Gld.]. Nassa Cooperi, Fbs., Sandwich Islands. [The type is immature and in poor con- dition; but it is a rare Californian species, since found by Dr. Cooper.] Trochita spirata [has not been confirmed from Gulf Cal., but appears in Brit. Mus. from St. Vincent, Cape Verd Is., on the excellent authority of Macgillivray, who did not visit the West Coast. The Cumingian specimens were from K. and W. ; but the "spirata, var.," from Magellan and Peru, are simply turrited forms of T. radians]. Chlorostoma aureotincta [=(?. nigerrima (Gmel.), Mus. Cum.; but it is unlikely that Gmelin knew the species. It is not quoted by Desh. (Lam. ix. 157) : but the Trochus infauce nigcrrimus, Chemn. f. 1526, = T. melanostomus, Gmel., is a Risetta.'] Margarita purpurata et Hillii [are South American shells]. Purpura analoga [is the rough irregular form of P. canaliculata=deccmcostata~}. „ fuscata, Fbs. [of which one brown and one whitish specimen (immature) are preserved in the Brit. Mus. as types, is the large, smooth, rather elevated var. of saxicola. It belongs to the Vancouver district]. Purpura, like decem-costatus and Freycinetii [is the normal state of saxicola. The banded smooth var. is named in Brit. Mus. "?7?«c. striatum, Martyn, Un. Conch, no. 7," but does not agree with the figure]. Fuws Kellettii. [This Siphonalia, after long remaining unique in the Brit. Mus. Col., has been twice confirmed from the San Diegan district by the Smithsonian collectors. Dr. Cooper's living specimen is 6-25 in. long j and one specimen was dredged by A. Ad. in the seas of South Japan.] 51. Iteiyen. — The type collection, presented to the Brit. Mus., contains about 8900 specimens. The first duplicate series, containing about 6000 shells, was presented to the State of New York at the urgent request of Dr.. Newcomb (well known for his researches in Achatinella, made during his professional residence in the Sandwich Islands), and is arranged in the Albany Museum. Three other typical series were prepared for the Museums of Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg, and offered on the same terms, viz. that they should be arranged by the author, and preserved intact for the free use J Dead shells at La i'az j two fresh specimens in deep water from San Joie ; ditto, Lieut. Green. 28 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 543 of students ; but the donations were severally declined by the respective governments. They have since been offered to the Museums of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. ; M'Gill University, Montreal, C. E. ; and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. ; and accepted on the same con- ditions *. The writer of the Brit. Mus. Catalogue spared no pains in his endeavours to verify the previously described species of Prof. C. B. Adams ; yet a subsequent comparison of types has developed very unexpected coinci- dences. Those who will take the trouble to compare the two diagnoses in the synonyms now given will add one to the many proofs of the uncertainty of the senses in observation, and the inaccuracy of language in description. The following corrections and additions should be made to the list in the British Association Eeport, pp. 243-264. 18. Parapholas acuminata is united to P. calva by Tryon, Mon. Phol. 23. The specimens obtained from Madagascar by Sir E. Belcher in the Voy. Sa- marang appear absolutely idenlical. 24. Petricola robusta. The West Indian form of this species is the Choristodon typicum of Jonas ; Mus. Cum. 35. Sphcenia fragilis is perhaps *S'. luticola, Val. 38. Solecurtus politus ? = S. Carpenteri, Dkr. 40. Should be Semele favescens, Old. 41. Semele ?venusta should be S. bicolor, C. B. Ad. Panama. C. S. Lucas. 46. Should be Sanc/uinolaria miniata, Gld., as in first Report. 48. Should be TelUna purpurea, Brod. & Sby., teste type in Mus. Hani. 49. = T. pur A, Gld., nom. prior. 54. Quite distinct from TelUna alternata, Say. 56. Tellina ?eburnea proves to be the type of a new generic form, probably belonging to Kelliadce, viz. Cycladella papyracea. A perfect specimen, since found, is in Mr. Hanley's collection. 65. Tellidora Burnett is not L. cristata : v. antea, p. 528. 66, =Strigilla fucata, Gld. (not miniata). Specimens received from different stations on the Pacific Coast vary very greatly in colour and markings. 68. The fragment of " ??Psammobia " is perhaps part of a Lepas-vslve. 71 and 72. The names of these shells have been altered and re-altered in Mus. Cuming, as will be seen by comparing Brit. Mus. Maz. Cat., p. 43, with the note, p. 548, and with the present arrangement. Mr. Hanley states that no. 72, D. culminatus, Cpr., is his true carinatus ; therefore 71, D. carinatus, Cpr., and of most collections, must stand as D. rostratus, C. B. Ad., teste type- valve in Mus. Amherst. The two species uniformly retain their dis- tinctive characters. 78. Should be Mactrella exoleta= Lutraria ventricosa, Gld., from type. 81. Should be Gnathodm mendicus, Gld. 83. T. Hindsii is distinct, teste Hani. 85. T. argentata, Sby., 1835, = T. aquilatem, Desh., 1839. 92-99. The generic name should be Callista. * A few of the duplicate sets having been sent in exchange to one of the principal scientific dealers, he advertises a list of species in which he not merely alters the nomen- clature, giving " Monoceros " cingulatum, " Pollia" insignis (with "Pisania" gemmatd), " Trochus" olivaceus (with " Imperator" unguis), " Cerithiwn " montagui (for Cerithidea Montagnei], Cytherea " dione" (for Dione lupinaria), "Astarte" DunJceri, " Cytherea" Columbiensis, &c., but inserts Californian species (" ZizipMnus filosus" " Cardium Nutali ") as though from the Gulf, and adds others not known at all in the West Coast faunas, as " Columbella lamgata" " Patella plumbea," and " Chiton reticulata" All these, with such shells as Olwa Cumingii, which belong to other regions on the Mexi- can coast, would be accredited by the reader on the supposed authority of " Carpenter's Catalogue." In these times it appears that naturalists must be content to resemble the dealers in patent medicines, and guard the accuracy of their works ! With regard to the Mazatlan collections (now scarce), none can be trusted unless they present an seal, with the initials of the author. 29 5-14 REPORT— 1863. 98. CalKsta altemata has a very different aspect from the ordinary C. circinata ; but several of the Pacific shells afHliate more naturally to the West ludianform. regard Circes. At this distance of time, a written locality-ticket would have had more authority. 105. The hinge proves that this species is distinct from the true V. crenifera, Sby. It has been named V. siigillata by live., Conch. Ic. sp. 43. It 'was also brought by Kellett and Wood, and is allied to V. pulicaria. 110. Among the Panama varieties of this very variable species is Venus fuscolineata. T. grata takes the place of the Californian T. staminea, which is sometimes erroneously given as a synonym, and is not straminea, as often quoted. 116. It appears that Gouldia (Thetis, C. B. Ad., olim, non Sby. nee II. & A. Ad.) is congeneric with " Circe" minima, not with the Astartids. Prof. Adams's fresh specimens of his 6. Pacifica prove to have the Crassatelloid internal ligament, and represent one of the many remarkable forms of that group. 117. Fresh specimens of G. variam, from Cape St. Lucas, have also the internal ligament, and must rank under Crassatella until that genus has been naturally divided. 118. Lazaria Calif ornica. A well-marked group of species from the West Coast. 121. The purple and orange specimens, here treated as the adolescent state of Chama Mexicana, are certainly the Ch. echinata of collections, and may possibly prove a distinct species. A large series sent from Socoro Is. by Mr. Xantus confirms this view ; but all the specimens seen are decorticated or incrusted. 1216. This is the Chama Buddiana of C. B. Ad., and probably distinct. 134. The specimens of Cardium graniferum in Mus. Cam., from St. Thomas, W. I., appear exactly identical. 136. The specimens from the Pacific coast, some of which are of very large size, have generally a red tinge round the inner margin ; as have also the Fiji specimens brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. In other respects they exactly accord with the W. Indian. The Pacific shells are generally called C. exasperata, Rve., a name first given to the rough Caribbean variety from Honduras, &c. 137. Codakia punctata. This shell also, brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp. from the Fiji Is., is found sparingly along the American shores, and has the same coloured margin. 142. May possibly prove identical with L. bella, Conr., S. Diego. 150. The Lucina orbella of Gould, = Sphcerella tumida, Conr., MS., is the northern form; uniformly larger and smoother than Diplodonta semiaspera. This last is fully confirmed from both oceans. 152. " Felania" serricata appears congeneric with Miltlia, H. & A. Ad., = Mittreaf Gray, the type of which (M. Childreni) is a Gulf species. 154. Lasea rubra* Mr. J. G. Jeffreys does not consider the Brit. Mus. specimen identical with the British. The Mediterranean specimens are much more unlike. A colony of fresh shells from & burrow at Cape St. Lucas, when examined, under the microscope, side by side with Ilfracombe specimens, did not present even varietal differences. The species also appears on the Cali- fornian and Japan coasts. Similar and perhaps conspecitic forms are found on most coasts : among them is Poronia Petitiana, Chen. Conch. 111. p. 2, pi. 1. f. 2 ; Callao, not rare, Petit. 150, For this species, corbuloides, and other angular forms, the name Bornia may be revived in a restricted sanse. (A. Ad.) 157, 158. Mr. A. Adams, who is about to make the Kelliads a special study, thinks that these intermediate forms would rank better with Montacuta or TeUin.ya 166. This is almost certainly =Anodonta ylauca, Val. 168. Dr. D unker renamed this shell M. Adamsianus, P. Z. S. Nov. 1856. 177. The subgerius Aiula may be enlarged to include this and other nestling ?Lithopha(/i, which often adhere by byssus, like Modiola. 178. Liosolenus is quite distinct from Mijtilimeria, which appears simply an aber- rant form of Lyonsia. Other " Lithophayi" probably rank with it. 30 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 545 180. Arcasemlis is fromW. Africa (not " E.Indies".): one of the many representative species between the two West Coasts. 185. Noetia reversa, Gray. 7.86. Argina brcvifrons, Sby. 188. This is the young of Barbati* alternate*. 191-195 belong to the"^ group Barbatia. 193. =Barbatia Tabogensis, from type. 203. The young of this shell is Aiicula libella, Rve. Dr. Gould protests against some of the interpretations here given to his views. 204. The W. American pearl-oyster should stand as M. jimbriata, Dkr. It has been redescribed as M. barbata, Rve. 212. Dr. Gould protests against the Pacific shells being regarded as O. Virginica. Mr. Hanley adheres to his original opinion. Fossils sent from the Sand- wich Is. by Mr. Pease (0. Sandwichensis, Pse.) appear scarcely to differ. 2146. The O. palmula appears a distinct species. 215. This species is identical with O. no. 384 of C. B. Ad. It may take the name of O, amara from its " bitter flavour." 224. Sulla Adamsi—B. punctulata, C. B. Ad., non A. Ad. 229. Haminea cymbiformis is closely allied to H. virescens, Sby. 239. Siphonaria lecanium. S. maura, Sby., is one of the varieties of this species. The S. palmata may prove distinct. S. ferruginea, Rve., is probably de- scribed from the intermediate form. 242. lanthina striulata. Name given in ignorance of striolata, Ad. and Rve. j and not needed, teste Rve. 245. The Denialium hyalinum of Phil, is probably the young of D. semipolitum : this species is distinct. 247. The Dent, pretiosum of Nutt. is a northern species j this is most likely D. lac- teum, Phil. 248-250. This typical group of Chitonids retains the Linnean name in Dr. Gray's arrangement ; and as he first pointed out the generic distinctions in the family, his judgment is to be preferred. 252-254, 256. These species belong to Ischnochiton, Gray. 255. Lepidopleurus, Risso, has sculptured valves and scaly margin, and is probably synonymous with Lophyms, H. and A. Ad. The name may be retained for the "' Lophyroid " Ischnochiton here described, the peculiarities of which have been confirmed by adult specimens in Mus. Cuming, and by other species. 257. Chiton, H. and A. A(L,=:Acanthoplettra (Guild.), Gray. 262. = Nacella pcltoides, n. s. (described from Cape St. Lucas specimens). 263. The true Lottia pintadina of Gld. (teste figured types) consists entirely of varieties of A. patina. 265. The " large flat shell " referred-to is Tecturella grandis, Gray, Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1861, p. 137. Tecturella is preoccupied by Stimps. Gr. Manan Invert. It being needful to divide the old genus Acmaa, Lottia may be used for this section. By reviving synonyms as sectional names, when a genus is divided, good names may be retained in a restricted sense, and the burden of a spu- rious nomenclature lessened. The species is Lottia gigantea (Sby. Gen. j. 269. Scutellina navicelloides, Cpr.,= Crepidula osculans, C. B. Ad. 280. This should stand as Gadinia stellata, Sby., that name having been given to the normal form, Rep. pi. 7. f. 3a, of which pentegoniostoma, f. 3/\| is only an accidental variety. 282. Callopoma Fokkesii=;tessellatum, Rve., is the Lower Californian form, and probably distinct. 28-1&. = Turbo phasianella, C. B. Ad., non Melaraphe phasianella, Phil. 289. The first name is T. eximius, Rve., P. Z. S. 1842, p. 185 ; Mke.'s shell bearing date 1850. It appears identical with " Javanicus, Lam.," in Mus. Cum., and is extremely like " speciosus, Japan." Trochus being now generally retained for the Niloticus group, which contains the largest forms, it is best to revive Swainson's excellent name Calliostoma for the " Ziziphinus "group. A specific name should not be used for a genus, where a distinctive name has already been accurately described, 1863. 546 REPORT— 1863. 290. Calliostoma M' Andrea is the normal state, of which C. Leanum is the pale variety. 292. Mr. Pease considers that T. Byronianus represents a Polydonta from the Pacific Islands. 313-316. The non-pearly Liotia are Conradia, A. Ad. 322, 323. Mr. A. Adams thinks that the " Eihalia " amplectam is probably the young of " Teinostoma" a., as suggested in Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 253. 338. Crepidula adunca, Cpr. (non Sby.,=softVa. H.d.s., = rostrifonms, Gld.). The tropical shell is C. uncata, Mke.~ = (7. rostrata, C. B. Ad'., Rye. 341. Should stand as C. squama : v. note on C. B. Ad. no. 351. 354. Vermetus eburneus, Rve.,= V. ?glomeratm, C. B. Ad., non Lam. The note to Ccecum, Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 314, should read : — " Of a fourth group, Meioceras, three species are known from the Caribbean Sea, one of which is fossil at Grignon. The earliest Crecid is the Eocene genus Strebloceras." Vide Mpn. Cfecidaj in P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 413-444. 387. Cerithimn irroratum, Gld. (teste type sp. in Mus. Smiths.), is a very distinct East Indian species, = C. obesum, feby. sen. 388. This is not the C. interruptum of C. B. Ad., Sby., and Mus. Cum. (Jiodie), which latter is the roughened form of C. stercus muscarum, Vol. C. Galla- paginis is the rough form of C. interruptum, Mke. 389. Vertayus should be changed into Rhinoclavis, Swains. ; v. note to 289. 391-393. The genus Triforis should be removed to Cerithiopsidce. The true lt Triforis" infrcquens of C. B. Ad. is a dextral shell, = Cerithiopsis tuber- cidoides, no. 557. The shell here doubtfully affiliated is probably a variety of T. inconspicuus. 398. Litorina Pliilippii=L, ?parwila, C. B. Ad., non Phil.,=Z. diibiosa, C. B. Ad., nom. prov. 399. = Litorina pullata, Cpr. ; described from Cape St. Lucas specimens. 409. Probably = Rissoina jirmata, C. B. Ad.,-f-K. scalariformis, C. B. Ad. 411. " Not a Barleeia" teste Jeffr. MS. It seems, however, too closely allied tc -B. rubra to create afresh genus for it, unless the animal should display differ- ences. 412, 413. Belong to Fenella, A. Ad.* F. excurvata=? Itissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad., non Alder. 417. Fresh specimens prove this to be not a dead Hydrobia ulvce, but a Barlecia. It appears on the Californian coast, as £. subtcnuis. 418, 421. Are very similar, and possibly conspecific forms of Cythna, A. Ad. 422. Is a Gemetta, teste A. Ad. 426, 427. Belong to Styliferina, A. Ad. 430 ct seq. Some of these forms may rank with Gottoina, A. Ad., and thus approach Fossarus. 437. Luponia spurca. This shell is quite distinct from L. albuyinosa, to which it was supposed to belong by Dr. Newcomb. It is probably a ballast specimen. 438. Quite distinct from the Panamic A. punctulata. 445, 446. Cancellariadfs should be removed to Proboscidifera, teste A. Ad. 450-452. Mr. Reeve unites all these species, with several others, to M. rariegata ; which is certainly the easiest way of meeting the difficulty. 453. Myurella rufocinerea= T. rudis, Gray, teste Rve. 477. Conns reyalitatis-^ C. purpurascens, var. Most Cones vary in the same manner. 484. Torinia variegata. Mr. Hanley restores to this shell the uncomfortable name of Chemn. (perspectiviuncida), and unites to it areola, Desh. A careful com- parison with shells from the Pacific Islands (teste Pease's specimens) proves them to be completely identical. The *' specific " names of Chemn., when simply the second word of the diagnosis, can hardly claim precedence. 486. The genera in this family have lately been revised by Mr. A. Adams. A large number of his Japanese groups are here represented. This species * The generic names here given were assigned by Mr. A. Adams, who kindly examined the figures of the minute Mazallan shells, all of which have been drawn under the micro- scope. 32 i OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA, 5 i7 ngrees with Pi/rami'della, sp. ind., C. B. Ad., no. 293 (not 294), and may b* quoted as Obeliscus AdamsiL 487, 488. Belong- to Evalea, A. Ad. 489. Is a Syrnola, A. Ad. 492. The peculiar appearance of the a.pex is due to decollation, as proved by the discovery of an adolescent and several adult specimens. It -probably belongs to Dinla, A. Ad., and= Cingula paupercula, C. B. Ad., no. 253. 498-500. Belong to Miralda, A. Ad. Parthenia quinquecinda = ? Cingula turrit nf C. B. Ad.,4.jR&sa0 notabilis, C. B. Ad. 501, 502. Belong to Oscilla, A. Ad. Parthenia exarata^? Cingula terebeUum,C.ft.A. aterrima. 182. Pleurotoma rustica, C. B. Ad., = worn specimens of D. Melchersi, no. 164. 191. Manqelia neglecta, probably —M. acuticostata, M. 473. 194, 195, 201 belong to Cerithiopsis. 196. Cerithium famelicum must stand for the "West Coast Uncinoids, M. 383 ; tbo Cumingian shell, and two out of ten in the type-series, belong to C. me- diolave, M. 382. 198, 199, 200 are various forms of C. stercus muscarum, Val. ; quite distinct from C. interruptum, Mke., and C. irroratum, Gld. 203. Does not correspond with the diagnosis, and must stand as Chrysallida pau- percula, a very distinct species. 208. Is scarcely a variety of Triforis alternatus, no. 207. 209. Both the specimens are dextral,= Cerithiopsis tuberculoides, M. 557. 210. Turritella Banksii, C. B. Ad. (non Rve.} = T. goniostoma, jim., M. 379. 217. A dead, stunted specimen of Ccecum undatum, M. 371. 220. Chemnitzia acuminata is a very broad but typical species ; not Clirysallida. 221. Chemnitzia affinis, Mus. Cum. and M. 523, has sufficient correspondence with the diagnosis ; but the type= Ch. undata, M. 531. 222. Chemnitzia clathratula. The type-series contains Chrysallida clathratida, M. 513 and Mus. Cum.,+ CAr. communis + Chr. effusa, M. 510,+ Dunkeria subanyulata, M. 537. 223. Chemnitzia communis, the type of Chrysallida, M. 507, Cpr. (vix A. Ad.). The type-series also contains Chr. effusa+Chr. telescopium, M. 508, + jDww- keria subangulata,-}-?do. var. 225. Chemnitzia major ranks with Dunkeria. 227. Chemnitzia Panamensis contains also Ch. Adamsii, M. 519, -\-Ch. ? gracillima, M. 530. 228. Chemnitzia similis, like aculeus ; differs from Ch. ?similis, M. 520, which per- haps = Panamensis, var. 230. Chemnitzia turrita^ZSl, " Rissoa, sp. ind." 231, 235, 237, 238. These species of " ?Litorina " belong to Fossarus. 233. Litorinaatrata-\- (adult) 257, ?Adeorbis abjecta, are the same (variable) species of Fossarina, A. Ad. 239. Litorina parvida, C. B. Ad. (non Phil.),=Z. Philippii, M. 398. 244. Rissoa Jirmata+()\mJ) 250, R. scaliformis=jRissoina, sp. M. 409. 246. ?Rissoa inconspicua, C. B. Ad. (non Aid.), does not accord with the diagnosis, but is identical with Akania tumida, M. 414. 249. Rissoa notabilis -\-Cingida ?turrita belongs (with 252 and 254) to another suborder, =Parthenia quinquecincta, M. 498. 252. VCinffula inconspicua= CJirysallida ovulum, M. 512. 253. Cingula paupercula = ? Odostomia mamillata, M. 492, = Diala. 254. Cingula terebellum—Parthenia exarata, M. 501. 261. Vitrinella minuta. The original type accords better with Ethalia. 266. Vitrinella regularis is also an Ethalia. 269. Vitrinella valvatoides. Probably an Ethalia. 270, 271. Are apparently vars. of Solarium granulatum. 272. May be distinguished as loyinia rotundata, frtfni its great superficial resem- blance to Helix rotundata. 275. Trochus Leanus is a pale var. of Calliostoma M'Andreee. 276. Trochus lima can scarcely be distinguished from C. Antonii, Mus. Cum., dredged in the Japan seas by Mr. A. Adams. 277. Trochus lividus, C. B. Ad.,=Modulus disculus, M. 403. 280. Trochus re1iculatus= Omphalius viridulus, M. 292. 281 . Turbo Buschii, C. B. Ad., = Uvanilla inermis, M. 287, = T. varicgatus, Gray, MS. in Brit. Mus. The true U. Bmchii is coloured outside like U. olivacea, but with a white base like U. inermis. St. Elena, Hds. in Brit. Mus. 282. lurbo phasianetta, C. B. Ad., is probably the perfect form of Phasianclla} ?var. 36 ON MOLLUSC A OF THE WEST COAST OP XORTH AMERTCA. 551 striulata, M. 2836. Its operculum proves it to be a true Phasianella, and not Melaraphe phasianella, Phil., of Add. Gen. 283. Turbo rutilus, the worn remains oi what perhaps was once Pomaulax undosus, brought in ballast from Lower California. 239. Scalaria, sp. c, = Opalia funicuhita, jun., M. 569. 290. Eulima [Leiostraca] iota appears distinct from L. retexta, M. 555. 292. Eulima [^Mucronalia] so itaria= Leiostraca, sp. a, M. 552. 293. Ptframidella, sp.,= 0fe/*Vet« Adamsii, M. 486. 296. Natica lurida, C. B. Ad., = pale var. of N. maroccana. 297. Natica otis, C. B. Ad. (non Br. and Sby.), = Polinices " Salangonemis" C. B. Ad., no. 298. 299. Natica Souleyetiana, C. B. Ad., closely resembles N. maroccana, with larger umbilicus. 300. Natica virginea, C. B. Ad., + 302, N., sp. ind. b,= Polinices uber, M. 576. 301. Natica) sp. a, = maroccana, var. unifasciata. 318. ?? Tnmcatetta dubiosa is probably a Paludinella. 321. Sulla punctulata-B. Adamsii, M. 224. 322. Sulla, sp. = Tornatina carinata, M. 223. 323. Vermetus ?glomeratus, C. B. Ad.,= V. eburneus, Rve., M. 354. 324. Vermetus Panamensis, C. B. A.d.,=Aletes centiquadrm, M. 352. 325. Stomatella injlata is a Lamellaria. 326. Hipponyx ?subrufa, C. B. Ad.,= ZT. Grayamis, jun., M. 35Q,+?barbatus, jun. 327. Hipponyx ?barbata, C. B. Ad. The type-series contains H. barbatus, M. 349, +H. Gray anus +Dim tuberculosa, C. B. Ad., probably = P. maura, jun. 398. Lithodomus, sp., includes Z. aristatus, M. 176, Z. attenuatus, M. 173, and Z. ?plumula, jun., M. 175. 399. Modiola semifusca, C. B. Ad.,=7J/. Braziliensis, M. 171. More like the Atlantic shells than are those from Gulf Cal. A specimen, undoubtedly from N. Zealand, is pronounced conspecific by Mr. Cuming. 400-404. Modiola, sp. ind., contains M. capax, M. 170, J/ytf. multiformis [= Adam- sianus, Dkr.], M. 168, several vars., and Adula cinnamomea, var. M. 177. 405. Chama Buddiana (in poor condition) = Ch. (?frondosa, var.) fornicata, M. 121 b. 406. Chama ?cormigata, small valve ; large one ? = Ch. Mexicana, reversed. 407. Chama echinata. C. B. Ad., ?— Mexicana, ]\m.,+Buddiana, jun 414. Area ?aviculoides, C. B. Ad., appears a young Scapharca. 419. Arcapholadiformis — Sarbatiagradata, var. 422. Area shnilis, scarcely a variety of A. tubercidosa, no. 425. 432. Cardium planicostatum, C. B. Ad., may be a worn valve of Hemicardia bian- gulata, but more resembles a ballast specimen of the W. Indian H. media. 435. Venus ?amathusia, C. B. A.d., = Anomalocardia subimbricata, M. 113 436. Venus discors— Tapes grata, M. 110, var.,+ T. histrionica, M. 109. 442. Venus, sp. b,= Chione sugillata, Eve. ( = ?crenifera, M. 105). 450. Gouldia Paci/ica, M. 116, does not belong to the Professor's genus, but is a form of Crassatetta. 451. Cyrena maritima. ll The discovery of Cyrena in brackish water is a fact of some importance to geologists, which was duly appreciated by D'Orb " (T. Prime, in Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1861, p. 314.) 457. Donax rostratus, C. B. Ad. (non Gld., MS., and from it Cpr. in M. Appendix, p. 549), teste type-valve =D. carinatus, Mus. Cum. olim, and from it M. 71 ; non^Z). carinatus, Mus. Cum. hodie, and type, teste Hanl.,=i>. culminahis, M. 72. 459. Tel/ina cognata— Psammobia casta, Eve., teste Cuming. 465. Tellina felix. The affiliation of this shell to Strigillafucata, Gld., MS., was doubtless due to an accidental error in labelling. No. 476 is th" e same species, dead. 468. Tellina piiella. Resembles T. felix, not ??puella, M. 59. 471. Tellina simulans. The type-valve exactly accords with the Professor's W Indian specimens. 473. Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad.,-versicolor, C. B. Ad., MS. on label. Larger than most W. Indian specimens, which exactly accord with the Acapulcans, and are varieties of Heterodonax bimaculatus. The Panamic shells resemble the Lower Califorman, which are Psammobia Paci/ica, Conr. 477. Petricola cognata. Perfect specimens are P. pholadiformis, teste Cum 478. Saxicava tennis, Sby., C. B. Ad., H. and A. Ad.,='Petricola tennis, H. and A. Ad. Gen. pp. 349-441, and better accords with the latter genus. 479,482. Cumingia coarctata = lamellosa, var. M. 42. 480, 481. Cumingia trigonularis, M. 43. 483. Cumingia, sp. c, = M. 45, and, if not described, may stand as C. Adamsil 484. Cuminyia, sp. rf, = M. tablet 107, p. 31. 38 ON MOLLUSCA CVF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 553 485. Ampliidesma bicolor = Semele ?renusta, M. 41 (non A. Ad.)- 487. Ampliidesma proximum, probably =486, ellipticum, var. : not Semele proximo,, M. 4Q, = S.Jlavescens, Gld., M. p. 54S. 489. Ampliidesma striosum, resembles Semele pulchra, no. 488. 491. Ampliidesma ventricosum. Scarcely perfect enough to distinguish the genus. The valve outside resembles Macoma solidula. 497. Anatina alta. A valve of Periploma ; probably one of the Gulf species. 498. Pandora cornuta, named and described from a fractured growth ; resembles Clidiophora claviculata. 499; 500 are varieties of the same species of Azara, of which perhaps no. 50i is an extreme form. 506. Corbula rubra= C, biracliata, jun., no. 503, M. 31. No. 509 are dead valves of the same,= C. poly chroma, Cpr. 508. Corbula, sp. a, resembles C. pustulosa, M. 32. 510. Solecurtus affinis, probably = S. Caribbceus = Siliquaria gibba, Spengl., S.I. Check-List, no. 222. The W. African specimens are affiliated to the same species by Mr. Cuming. The Mazatlan shells, M. 37, have a different aspect, but closely resemble the Ariquibo specimens in Mus. Amherst. 511. Solen rwlis is named Sokna obliqua, Spengl., in Mus. Gum. It appears iden- tical with Ensatella ambiaua, Lam., as figured by Deless. ; but S. amlit/ua (Lam.), Swains., is slightly different, am I better agrees with the dead valves of " & medius, Alatska," in Brit. Mus. These may, however, be only ballast- valves. As S. ambigua, Lam., was described from America, and the form is not known elsewhere, it probably represents the Panamic shell. 515. Pholas, sp. a, = laqueata. teste Cum. 516. Pholas, sp. b, closely resembles Daetylina dactylus; also La Paz, teste Rich. The following species were collected by Prof. Adams, but do not appcr.r in his Catalogue ; they were found either mixed with others in the Amherst Museum or in the shell- washings of hjs duplicates*. 528. Coecum clatliratum. 529. Lepidopleurus tenuisculptus. 530. Ischnochiton Elenens.s, 531. Cerithiopsis, n. s. 532. Lucina capax. 533. Kellia suborbicularis, 534. Sphaenia fragilis. 535. Tellina lamiiuua. 536. Crenella inflata. 518. Mumiola ovata. 519. Chrysallida effusa. 520. Chrysallida telescopiunu 521. Chiysallida fasciata. 522. Chrysallida, n. s. 52->. Leiostraca retexta. 524. Eulima yod. 52o. Volutella margaritula. 520. Caecum semilaeve. 527. Caecum subquadratum. 55. British Museum Catalogues. — To the list of Deshayes, Cat. Veneridce, may be added — Page. 7. Dosinia ponderosa, Gray,= Cy^ gigantea, Sby.,= Venus cycloides, D'Orb. [Gulf] California. 135. Chione callosa [Desh. et auct. K\it.,= Ch.Jluctifraga, var., quite distinct from Callista (Amiantis) callosa'], Conr. 147. Chione astartoides, Beck, Greenland. [1849. = Tapes fluctuosa, Gld., 1841 ; teste Gld., Otia, p. 181. Midd.'s figures more resemble V. Kennerleyi, jun.] The authorities are rarely given for localities quoted in this elaborate work. The same species often occur under different names. The Veneridce * With regard to the speciee which have received different designations in the Eeigen and Adamsian catalogues, whether those names be retained of which the specimens exist, and have been widely distributed, in accordance with the diagnoses, or whether the prior- ones be adopted of which the unique types do not represent the descriptions, is a matter of little moment to the writer of the Brit. Mus. Cat. He spared no pains in making-out his predecessor's species before describing his own, and has offered the best attainable ligfc of the parallel forms in the review here quoted. 39 554 IMPORT— 1SG3. in the Brit. Mus. Coll. have received Deshayes' autograph names, in accord- ance with this Catalogue, generally on the back of the tablets. In the Brit. Mus. Catalogue of Volutidce *, 1855, Dr. Gray arranges tho W. Coast species thus : — Page. Jfo. 17 7. Lyria (Enatd) Harpa, Adams, 167 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 61 ; Hob. Peru, = Valuta Harpa, Barnes, Sby., Conch. Thes. [= Voluta Barnesii, Gray, Zool. Journ. vol. i. p. 511, note.] 18 10. Lyria (Enceta) Cumingii, Brod. (loc. cit.~). Central America, S. Salvador, Gulf Fonseca. 56. Sailor's Coll. — Pecten ?senatorius may be a form of sericeus, Hds. 57. Gould's Collections. — " Planorbis ammon, = Tras7cei, Lea. P. yraci- lentus '? = Liebmanni, Dkr., or Haldemanni" teste Gld. MS. The collec- tions of Mr. Blake and others will be found under the " Pacific Railway Explorations," v. postea, par. 98. 53. Bridyes. — Some ot' the species described as new on Mr. Cuming's authority appear, on farther comparison, to be identical with those before known. ? Scrobicufaria producta—Lutricola^ Dombeyi, Lam. Strigilla disjuncta appears to the author identical with S. sincera, Hani. [" Quite distinct," PI. Cuming.j Lyansia diaphana=L. inflata, Conr. Calliostoma M'Andrece = nonnal state of C. Leamim, C. B. Ad. Natica cxcavata+N. Haneti, Reel., appear varieties of N. Elena, Reel., the analogue of lineata, Chemn. Add Aiwa (" Tnchotropis") Gouldii, H. and A. Ad., P. Z. S. 1856, p. 369; 1861, p. 272. 59. Pro?,. Zool. Soc. — The following additional synonyms have been ob- served in the list, Rep. pp. 285-288 :— R'ge. 18'j5 4:-». Vt-mts lt*tcodon+ Californicnsis [= Chione sitccincta, Val. 1833]. ,, 110. Pecten circularis [? = ventricosus, jun.]. 1850 24 PL 8. f. 4. (Add) Cuming-ia smrilis, A. Ad. N.W. coast of America. „ 37. Gena varia, A. Ad. Mindoro, 9 fms., Cuming ; Australia; Acapulco, on the sands, Moffat. [Clearly imported.] 1851 153. Infundibuliim Catifornicum [is a Pacific shell =7. cfiloromphalus, var.]. „ 168. '/Azinliinus Californicus [= Calliostoma ezimium, Rve.]. „ 190. Margarita calostoma [ = 3/. pupitta, Gld.,=costellata, Brit. Mus. Col., non Sby.]. 1853 185. Pseudolioa Kellettii, A. Ad. [ = Macron (Zemira) Kellcttii, Mus. Cum. r = Pusio trochlea, Gray, MS. in Brit. Mus. Cerros Is., Ayres]. 1 854 316. Chlorostoma funebrale [ = Tr. marginattts, Nutt. (non Rve.) ; = T. moestm, auct. nonnul. ; non Jonas]. 359. Tellina Mazatlanica [=2! pura, Gld., 1851]. 1855 231. Chiton Montereyensis \=.Mopalia lignosa, Gld., 1846 :—Merekii> Midd.. 1847]. „ 231, 232. Ch. Hartwe.gii and regularis belong to Isdmochiton. * In Donovan's 'Naturalist's Repository,' vol. ii. 1834, p. 61, appears (without authority) " Valuta Dufresnii, Don., California, S. America." t This belongs to a group of species in which the cartilage is semi-internal, intermediate between Scrobicularia ( = Lutricoltt) and Macoma. They are arranged under the former group in Add. Gen. ii. 409, as "subgen. Capsa, Bosc." That Lamarckian name being in common use for Ipkigenia, Schum., and being also employed for Asaphis and Gastrana, it adds to the confusion to use it for a fourth group. The bulk of Blainville's old genus having migrated to Lutraria and Scrobicularia, his name may bo revived for this group not otherwise provided-for. The species was redescribed in consequence of Duwliyi having been lei't among the true Tellens in. Mus. Cum. 40 ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OP NORTH AMERICA. OIX* Page. 1855 2.;4. Cattopoma depression [ = Senectus funiculatus, Kien. : not American], The following species appear in later numbers of the Proceedings : — 1S5G .360. Mytihn Adamsianm, Dkr. [=3/. multiformis]. Panama, Cuming* „ 365. Volsella splendida, Dkr. California. Dr. Gray, in his elaborate article on the divides, 1858, pp. 38 et seq., gives 0. julieta, Duel., 0. araneosa, Lam., and 0. venulata, Lam., as syno- nyms of Strephona reticularis, Lam. ; and quotes as " species (?) more or less allied to it," 0. polpasta, Duel., 0. splendidula, Duel., " O.jaspidca,l)iid.,= 0. Dmlosii, Rve." [?], 0. Tcaleontina, Duel. (Gallapagos), 0. Curningii, Rve., and Oliva Schumacheriana, Beck, "California: front of pillar-lip brown" [?=(9. Cumingii, var.]. For 0, volutella, Lam. (including 0. razamola, Duel.), he constitutes tho genus Ramola. For 0. undatella, Lam. (including 0. tTiieroglypliica, Rve., 0. nodulina, Duel., and 0. ozodina, Duel.), and similar species, he forms the genus A.nazola. The restricted genus Olivella is altered to Olivina, and includes (from the West Coast) 0. gmcilis,$by., 0. anazora,Ducl., 0. tergina, Duel., 0. lineolata = dama, Goodall*; and, in a section, 0. columellaris, Sby., 0. semisulcata, Gray, and 0. zonalis. Lam. The California!! species, 0. biplicata, Sby., = 0. nux, Goodall, in Wood, is placed in the genus Scaphula. This is constituted for an animal, " Olivancilld auricuJaria," D'Orb., on which, in his work on S. America, he figures the shell of 0. biplicata (teste Gray). The shell might in some way have become mixed with S. American specimens ; but as D'Orb. could not possibly have there observed the living animal, the genus should be restricted to the latter. The shell of 0. biplicata is very peculiar, and has not been found south of San Diego. D'Orbigny's genus is Olivancillaria. Page. 1850 280. Terebra strigata, Sby., Tank. Cat. Panama, Real Lejos. =£uecmum elongatum, Gray, Wood, = Terebra zebra, Kien.; = Terebra flammea, Less. „ 287. Terebra Salleana, Desh. Mexico [?ubi], Satte. ,, 302. Terebra Petiveriana, Desh. (Pet. Gaz.pl. 75. f. 5). Panama. Mus. Cum. „ 303. Terebra tpecillata, Hds. "Probably two species here figured." San Bias, Mexico. „ 303. Terebra larviformis, Hds. "Probably two species here figured." St. Elena, Monte Christi. „ 307. Terebra formosa, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum. „ 307. Terebra incomparabilis, Desh. [=T. flammea, Lam., teste Rve., P. Z. S. I860, p. 450]. Panama. Mus. Cum. „ 308. Terebra insignia, Desh. Panama. Mus. Cum. „ 428. Spondylm Victoria, Sby., pi. 40. fig. 8. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum. ., 42 x Murcx t&niatus, Sby., pi. 4v». fig. 3. Gulf of California. Mus. Cum. 133 J 3/0. Leda Taylori, Hani. Guatemala. Mus. Cum., Taylor. „ 440. Leda Hindsii, Hani. ? Gulf of Nicoya. Mus. Cum., Hani., Mete. „ 448-450 I Review of Deshayes' ' Monograph of the Terebridee,' 1859, by Mr. ' j Reeve. His synonyms are quoted under par. 62, ' Conch. Ic.' 1862 239 5 JBursa fusco-costata, Dkr. California, Mus. Cum. [No autho- rity.] Like JJ. bitubercularis, Lam. * Many of the names given to the shells in Wood's Suppl. were arbitrarily altered by P'*. Goodall, as the work passed through the press (teste Graji). However, if the first , they will be allowed the right of precedence, 41 556 REPORT — 18(33. In the P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 145-181, is the first part of the long-expected "Review of the Vermetidce" by Otto A. L. Morch. The species of the West Coast are arranged as follows : — Pa "6. 8 pi l.ji 4. Stcphopoma pennatum, March, pi. 25. f. 3-8. I Realejo, on Cattop:in* Io2 .. Stephopoma pennatum, ?var.i/s/»w0sa,pl.25.f.9,10. •( and Cruciluhmi. 153 5. Siphonium (.Dendropomd) meyamastum, Morch, pi. 25. f. 12, 13, •• r('*U- fornia ; burrowing in Huliotis nodosus, Rve." [Not a Caliibruian species.] . . Siphonium (Dendropoma) megamastum, var. centiquadra, Morch. " =Aletes centiqttadrus, var. imbricatus, Maz. Cat. p. 302,'" Morch foon Cpr.]. California, burrowing in Haliotis splendens [a strictly Califor- niau species, not found on the Mexican coast]. 1&4 6. Siphonium (Dendropoma) lituetta, Morch. California ; deeply imbedded in Haliotis splendens ; Mus. Cum. ? = Stoa ammonitiformis, M. de Serres. =iSfriroy?yphu8, sp., Cpr., B. A. Report, p. 324. [Found on shells from Washington Ter. to Cape St. Lucas (also Socoro Is., Xantm) ; but it has not been observed on the Mexican or Central American coast.] 164 20. , Siphonium margaritarum, Val. Panama, Vol.; Mazatlan, Reiyai. " = Aletes margaritarum, Maz. Cat. p. 303," [teste Morch, non Cpr.*]. 177 ^36. Vermiculm pellucidus, Brod. and Sby., pi. 25. f. 17-20. Var. a. planorboides — Serpula regulans, Chenu. Hob. ? — 9 on ?Maryari* tifera. Mus. Cum. Var. aa. laquearis. W. Columbia, Gaming. 178 . . Var. /3. cinnamomina. W. Columbia, Cumin g. . . Var. y. volubilisj Morch, pi. 25. f. 18, 19.= Vermetus eburneus, Rve.,= V. lumbricalis, Knight. Hob. ?—. Mus. Cum. . « • « Var. 8. volubilis (adulta) picta, Morch, = Verm, eburncus, Maz. Uat. p. 304. W. Columbia, Cuming ^ Puntarenas, Oersted, Journ. Conch, viii. p. 30. . « • • Var. f. crassa, Morch, = Serp. Panamensis, Chen. 111. pi. 10. fig. 5 = Vermiculus eburneus, Morch, Journ. Conch, viii. 30. Puntareuas, Oersted. "Fossil at Newburn, N.C.," Nuttatt [teste Morch]. 179 „. Var. ^. tigrina, Morch. W. Columbia, Cuming. . . Var. 77. castanea, Morch. On Murex melanoleucus, Morch. . . Operculum : W. Columbia, Cuming. Var. 1, from var. 8.= Vermetus Hindsii, Gray, Add. Gen. fig. ?8, a, 6. Puntarenas, Oersted. 180 . . Var. 2, discifer, from var. 8. Puntarenas, Oersted. .. . . Var. 3, from var. €. PI. 25. f. 17. Var. 4, subgranosa, from var. 77. Puntarenas, Oersted. 181 38. Vermiculus efusus, Val., = " Vermetus e., Val." Chen. HI. pi. 5. fig. 4, a-c. =: Siphonium e., Chen. Man. fig. 2301. " Fig. 4 of Chen, t is from specimen figured in Voy. Ven. as V. centiquadrus." In the second part of Morch's "Review of the Vermetidce" 1861, pp. 326-365, occur the following. A portion of the genus Bivonia is united to Spiroylyphus. Petaloconchus, Ahtes, and part of Bivonia are united to Ver- metus, Morch (non auct.). The name Aletes appears to be used in a varietal sense, in no respect according with the subgenus as described by the author. * I was perhaps wrong in referring the Mazatlan shells to Val.'s species ; but if Mr. Morch is right in his own determination, the Mazatlan synonymy and locality must be expunged. There was no evidence of a typical Siphonium when the Reigen Catalogue was published, nor have I seen such from the whole coast, unless ih> minute operculum hy Brit. Mus. Col., tablet 2537, be supposed the young. Morch says, " the lid is unknown." The operculum of the similar Mazatlan species, on which the subgenus Aletes was founded, is described in Maz. Cat. p. 302. f " Cpr.'s observations respecting Chenu's plates (Maz. Cat. p. 306, lin. 18) are in part erroneous, it being overlooked that Chenu has two plates marked ' V.' :" note *, p, C37t 42 ON MOLLTJRCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 557 Spirxfflyphus alLidus, ?Cpr. Mazatlan, Reirjen. Operculum g et ?/, Maz. Cat.' p. -Ml. = Bivonia albida, Cpr., Maz. Cat. p. 307. Operc. g is with- out doubt of Spirofffyphu-s, and not of Bivonia, var. indentata. Operc. / is truly congeneric, and perhaps conspecih'c. 344 4. Vermetus (Thi/lcicjdu') contortus,C])Y.* Gulf Calif. Mas. Cum. Var. «. repent (Tnylacodits). Gulf Ca if., on Mart/aritifera, Mns. Cam. " This species is perhaps a state of V. (Petaloconchus) macrophraj- ma." [Morch: uon Cpr.] f 345 .. Va,r.p.favosa(Thu7acodus). Calif., on Crucibulum. M us. Cum. . » . • Var. y. ' cantor tula ( Thylacodus), Gulf of California. ,. .. Formal. ?Thyldcodus contortus, var. indent ata, Cpr. "Corre- sponds to forma 1, electrina, of Vermetus varians, D'Orb." Var. 6\ indentata (Vermetus), [Morch, non Cpr.]. Sonsonate, on Spon- dylus limbatus, Rve., non Shy. Oersted. 346 . . Var. € . corrodens ( Vermetus}. Is. Sibo (PQuibo), Spengler, on Pur- pur a lineata. 359 20. Vermetus (?? •Strebloceras) anellum, Morch. California, on Haliotis tttber- culatus, live. [Not a Californian .Haliotis. The diagnosis, howeve**, exactly accords with aCalifornian shell, which is perhaps the young- of' S. squamiaerus. It has no resemblance to Slreolocerax, Cpr., P. Z. S. 1858, p. 440, which is a genuine C«cid.J 860 21. Vermetus (Macrophragma) macrophragma. Mazatlan, &c.=Petaloconcht s m. , C pr. Realej o, ' Oersted. 362 24. Vermetus (Aletes) centiquadrus, Val. Puntarenas, Oersted + V. , effusuz, Val. (the same specimen). « . . . Var. a. maxima— V. Punamensis, Chen. pi. 5. f. 1. Panama, C. B. Ad. ; Mazatlan, Melchers. Var. /^. Punctis impress-is destituta,= V. Peronii, Val.^ 363 . . Var. y. siphonata. Puntarenas, Oersted— V. Peromi, Rouss. Var. d. tulipa. Gulf of California, on piece of black Pinna, Mus. Cum. [The Pinna niyrina is from the E. !•]= V. tulipa, Rouss. . , . . Var. e. Bridgesii. Panama, on Margaritifera, Mus. Cum. The conclusion of the paper is in P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 54-83. 58 4. Bivonia sutilis, Morch. Central America, on Anomalocardia subimbricatu, Mus. Cum. . . . . Var. at. ?major. On Pinna, probably Central America, Mus. Bunker. Var. /3. triquetra. Mazatlan, on valve of Placunanomia, Mus. Semper. Like B. triquetra, " var. typica." 70 8. Thylacodes cruciformis, Morch. California, on Crucibulum ? umbrella, Desh., var. Mus. Cum. Analogue of 7, T. Rusei, Morch, from the east coast. Var. a., lumbricella. Voy. Ven. pi. 11. f. 2. California, crowded on Margaritifera. Mus. Cum. .. .. Var. /3. erythosclera. CaL, on young Margaritifera. Mus. Cum. Very like Biv. Qttoyi, var. variegata. [This species is on shells from the Mexican, not the "Californian " fauna J 76 16. Thylacodes squamigera, C-pi\,= Aletes sg., Cpr., P.Z.S. 1856, p. 226. Sta. Barbara, Nutt. [Serpttlorbis, not Aletes} teste Cooper]. * Mr. Morch has not seen any laminae inside, but, from the 3-5 spiral lirse on the columella, believes they will be found. The opercula supposed to belong to this species (Maz. Cat. p. 311) Mr. M. thinks more probably those of Spiroglyphus albidus. He states (erroneously) that the shell was not opened by the describer. f Morch supposes that Bivonia contorta, Cpr., may be the adult of Petaloconchus macrophragma, and that both may be forms of Aletes centiquadrus. The nuclear por- tions are, however, quite distinct, and the three shells appear, from beginning to end, as far removed as any ordinary Vermetids can be from each other. J The writer doubts respecting this species, and think% the shell on which it is para- sitical to be a Melo, and not Strombus galea, simply because named after Peron, who did not visit this dislnuu 43 558 BEPORT— 18G3. Page, gp. 70 1(3 Yar. a. pcnnafa,-=- V. mar gar if arum, Val. Yen. pi. 11. f. 2. (fig. min.), Cal. Mas. Cum. [Affiliated to_the Californian species on supposi- titious evidence, and probably distinct. These appear to be from the tropical fauna.] Analogue of the W. Indian T. decussatus, Gmel. 73 21. ?Thylacodes oryzata, Morch. Probably W. Central America, from the adhesions; but "China: " Mus. Cum. , . . . Var. at,, annulata. Panama. Mus. Cum.* In P.Z.S. 1861, pp. 229-233, is given a " Catalogue of a Collection of Terres- trial and Eluviatile Molluscs, made by 0. Salvin, Esq., M.A., in Guatemala: ~y the Eev. H. B. Tristram." But few of the 49 species occur in Mexican collections ; none are identical with "W. Indian species, except such as are of universal occurrence in tropical America ; and the 16 new species show close generic affinities with, the shells of the northern regions of S. America. The shells have been identified from the Cumingian celieetion. The new species are described, and some of them figured. Page. No. PL Fig: 230 1 .... Helix GhiesbregUi, Nyst. The largest Helix in the New World. 2 . . . . He1 ix eximia, Pfr. . • 3 . . . . Helix LalU ana, Pfr., var. « . 4 . . . . Helix eun/omphala, Pfr. Closely allied to the S. American //. taxata. 5 . . . . Helix coactiliata, Fer. 6 . . . . SvUmus Pazianus, D'Orb. 7 . . . . Bulimus Moricandi, Pfr. . . 8 . . Bulimus Hondiiratianus, Pfr. 9 . . Bnlimus Dysoni, Pfr. 10 26 8. Bulimus semipeUucidus, n. s. Allied to B. discrepctns, Sby. . . 11 . . . . Succinea ?putris, Ln. . . 12 . . . . Glandina Ghiesbreghti, Pfr. 13 . . . . Glandina Carminensis, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica. . . 14 . . . . Achatina, sp. ind. . . 15 . . . . Achatina octona, Lam. . . 16 . . . . Spiraxis Lattrei, Pfr. 17 . . . . Spiraxis Shuttleworthii, Pfr. 231 18 . . . . Spiraxis Cobanensis, n. s. 19 . . . . Spiraxis, sp. ind. . . 20 . . . . Leptinaria Emmelince, n. s. 21 . . . . Leptinaria Elisa, n. s. . . 22 . . . . Cylindretta Ghiesbregliti, Pfr . . 23 . . . . Cyhndrella Salpinx, n. s. • . 24 . . . . Physa Sowerbyana, D'Orb. .. 25 .. .. Physa purpurostoma, n. s. Lake of Duenas. 26 . . . . Planorbis corpulentus, Say. 232 27 . . .. Planorbis tmnidus, Pfr. [Comp. P. tumens, Maz. Cat. 238.] . 28 . * . . Planorbis Wyldi, n. sp. Lake of Duenas. 29 . . . . Planorbis Duenasianm, n. s. Lake of Duenas. . . 30 . . . . Planorbis, sp. nov., in Mus. Cum. . . 31 . . . . Segmentina Donbilli, n. s. Lake of Duenas. .. 32 .. .. Melampus fasciatus, Chem. Salt-marshes on coast. . . 33 . . . . Adamsiella Osberti, n. s. * The present posture of binomial nomenclature is well illustrated in this most elabo- rate paper, which few naturalists have professed to understand. The shell of which tha operculum-spine is figured in plate 25. f. 16, is quoted as " Siphonium (Stoa) subcre- natum, v. spinosa" The shell described in Maz. Cat. p. 307 is quoted as " Vermetus (Thylacodus) contortus, var. y. contortula (Thylacodus}, forma 1, Thylocodus (?) con- tortux, var. indentata, Cpr." Perhaps the sentences of Klein and the early writers are more easy to understand and remember. The Chilonida of Middendorff (v . First Keport, p. 214) are simple in comparison, 44 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 559 Page. No. PI. Fig. . . 34 . . . . Cistula trochlearis, Pfr. 3?* , , . . Chcindropoma rubicundum, Morelet. 30 .. .. Mcgalomasto masimulacrum, Morelet. Described from Costa Rica. 37 . . . . Cyclophorus ponderosus, Pfr. 38 . . . . Cyclophorus translucidus, Sby. 233 39 26 11. Macroceramus polystreptus, n. s. 40 26 9, 10. Helicina Sakini, n. s. Like H. turbinata, Wiegni. Mexico. 41 . . . . Helicina amcena, Pfr. 42 . . . . Helicina Oiveniana, Pfr. . . 43 . . . . Helicina merdigera, Salle. Described from Nicaragua. „ . 44 . . . . Helicina Lindeni, Pfr. . . 45 . . . . Helicina chryseis, n. s. Mountain forests of Vera Paz. e .46,47,48. . . . Paludinella, 3 species apparently undescribed. . . 49 . . . . Pachycheilus CO-MMUS, Morelet. Larger than in previously noted habitats. The vol. for 1863 contains Dr. Baird's descriptions of new species from the Vancouver collections of Lord and Lyall, which will be tabulated, infra, par. 103 ; and the Eeview of Prof. Adams's Panama shells, which has already been quoted. 60. Sowerby, ' Conchological Illustrations,' 1841. — The following are addi- tional localities or synonyms : — Ko. Fig. 2 46. Cardium Indicum [is exotic ; closely allied to C. costatum~\. 56 18. Cardium maculatum, Sby. Cal., &c. = C. maculosum, Sby. (preoc.). 90 .. Murex imperialis, Swains. Cal. =M. pomum, var. Gmel. [Perhaps dis- tinct ; may be the W. I. analogue of bicolor.~] 91 38. Murex erythrostoma, Swains. Acapulco. [?=bicolor, var.] 45 102. Cyprcea albuginosa, Gray. Mexico, Ceylon. [The Ceylon shell is pro- bably poraria, sp. 44.] 1 45. Erato scabriascida, Gray. Acapulco. —Marginella cyprceola, Sby. 62 40. Fissurdla Lincolni, Gray, MS. [An extremely fine specimen ( supposed fl unique ") of Glyphis aspera, Esch. Mr. Lincoln is also quoted for the " finest of the four known specimens " of Lucapina crenulaia. sp. 19, f. 31,38: "Monterey."] 54 [Erase this line in the former Report, and substitute as follows : — ] 55 JSulimus umfasciatus, Sby. Galapagos. ' Thesaurus Conchyliorum,' G. B. Sowerby, &c. To the list in Rep. pp. 288, 289, may be added:— Page. PI. Fig. 51 12 23. Pecten circularis, Sby. Cal., St. Vincents. [The name may stand for the W. Indian shell, the Californian being P. ven~ tricosus, jun.] 57 12 20, 21. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. Cal. +"P. mesotimeris, Conr." 261 59 144. Tellina sincera, Hani. N.W. Coast America. [= Panama.] 769 165 36-38. Venerupis cylindracea, Desh. C&l., = Petricola Californica, Conr., + P. arcuata, Desh., + P. subglobosa, Sby. 865 179 59-77. Cerithium ocellatum, Brug. Gulf Cal., &c. = C. irroratmn [C. B. Ad. (Gld. MS.) ; non] Gld. E. E.,= C. interruptum [C. B. Ad. : non Mke, necl Gld. Sp. Fig. 47 43,44. Conus* interrupts, Mawe, Wood. [Slender, coronated sp.] non Br. and Sby. Hab. ?— * Mr. Sowerby remarks, " As the collector's great object is to Jcnoiv the shells, I have preferred, in most cases, giving the species as they stand, stating the alleged differences, and leaving the final decision to individual taste." He further states, with regard to some groups, that " the characters of the shells are very uncertain, and the intentions of the authors still more so." The names, references, and localities are given on lists to face the plates, and the diagnoses separately, with a copious index. An attempt also u made to 45 500 REPORT — 18C3. 8p. Pig. (J-i 80. Comts tiaratus, Brod. Galapaeos. 79 128,129. Conns puncticulatus, Brug. Salango, St. Elena, W. Col., .. 130. Conus puncticulatus, \&r.,=papillosus, Kien. 391. Conus puncticidatus. [Mazatlan.] 392. Conus puncticulatus , ?KSratm, Gld. Hab. ? — * [Gould's species is from California, but the name is attached to a very different shell in Mus. Cum.] * Several species occur in the recent monographs without locality, which are well known to inhabit the W. Coast. This is partly due to the writer not thinking it ncces- t>ary to refer to published books for information, and partly to the changes which have of late years been made in the principal authority, viz. the Cumingian collection. By the redistribution of species into the modern genera, the student is greatly aided in his search for special forms ; but, for the sake of uniformity, the autograph labels of collectors or describers of species are generally rejected, the names being either in the handwriting of the clerk or from the printed index in the monograph, and rep resenting only the judg- ment of the latest worker, which may or may not be correct, i^iionvms, whether real 4 49 5fi4 REPORT— 1863. 11. Modiola capax, Conr. Galapagos, Cumin g. [Lower] California, Nuttall. Mazatlan, Carpenter. [Reigen is the authority for the shells described in the Maz. Cat., not Cpr.] 17. Modiola Braziliensis, Chera. " Brazil." [At f. 31, which appears the true Brazilian shell, we are informed that this specimen is a " variety from Guayaquil."] .. Modiola nitens, " Cpr. Cat. Reigen Col. Brit. Mus. California." [The shell was erroneously described as from " California " in P. Z. S., and does iiot appear in the Reigen Mazatlan Cat. : —M. subpurpiireus, Mus. Cum.] 5. Lithodomus cinnamominus, Chem. Philippine Is. and St. Thomas, W.I. \_ = L. cinnamomcuSj Maz. Cat. 177. Probably an Adula.~\ 8. Lithodomus Ciimingianus, Dkr., MS. "North Australia and Mazatlan.'' [The species is figured from the Mazatlan specimen, which may probably be the adult form of L. calyculatus, Cpr.* The cup is not 'distinct, ' but shows a tendency to the peculiar formation described in Maz. Cat. no. 174. Rve.'s diagnosis, however, appears written from Dkr.'s Australian speci- mens, so labelled in Mus. Guru. — a very distinct species, without incrus- tations. The name was given by Mr. Coming to a large Chilian species brought by the U. S. Expl. Exp.] 12. Lithodomus Gruneri, Phil. MS. in Mus. Cum. "N. Zealand." [The species =L. falcatus, Gld., and is certainly from California, where it is found in the rocks with Pholadidea penitaJ] 13. Lithodomus teres, Phil. "Mazatlan." [The specimens in Mus. Cum. are labelled " Cagayan, Phil-."~\ 14. Lithodomus coarctata, Dkr. Galapagos, Cuming. \_=Crcnt>lla c.,Maz. Cat. 17".] 16. Lithodomus caudigerus, Lain. "West Indies" [without authority]. "The calcareous incrustation produced beyond the ant. extremity is no specific characteristic." [Vide reasons for contrary opinion, Maz. Cat. no. 176: — L. aristatus. Dr. Stimpson has seen Lithophagus arranging its peculiar incrustation with its foot.] 24. Lithodomus pessulatus, Rve. (Oct. 1857). Hab. ? — [The unique sp. figured is labelled " Mazatlan " in Mus. Cum. It resembles plumula, with ventral transverse rugae.] 26. Lithodomus subida, Rve. Hob. ? — [=Z. plumula, var.J 6. Avicula Cumingii, Rve., March 1857. "Ld. Hood's Is., Pacific Ocean, attached to rocks, 10 fms., Cuming" \?=zMargaritiphora fimbriata, Dkr., var.] 9. Avicula barbala, Rve. Panama, under stones at low water, Cuminy. \_ = M. fimbriata, l)kr., = 3/. Mazatlanica, Hani.] "Diners from Cuming ii in regular sequence of scales, developed only at margin, and yellowish tone of colour." 67. Avicula heteroptera, Lam. N. Holland. " —A. sterna, Gld." [Gould's species is from Gulf Cal. ; but in Mus. Cum. it is marked inside " semisugitta.'''~\ 4. Placunanomia foliata, Brod. Is. Muerte, Bay Guayaquil. " May = ec/i^ato, W. I., but has very much larger orifice." 7. Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. "Onalaska, Owning" [who never was there]. Kamtschatka, Desh. [Vancouver district, abundant.] 7. Thracia pltcata, Desh. "Mr. Cuming has specimens from California and St. Thomas, W. I." [Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.~] Melania. [Various species are described from " Central America," &c., which or supposed, are rejected altogether. Thus shells sent to Mr. Cuming, with authentic name and locality attached, may appear soon after without any, or with erroneous, quotation. The error is rendered graver by appearing with the weighty authority of " Mus. Cum." * The species described in the Brit. Mus. Cat. seldom appear in the monographs, unless there happen to b3 a specimen in Mus. Cum. Soms of the monographers often content themselves with figuring the shells that come most easily to hand ; and do not «eem to consider it a part of their work to pass judgment on previously described species, or to concern themselves with what are small or difficult. 50 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5C5 may or may not belong to the Pacific slope. They should be studied in connexion with U. S. forms, but are not here tabulated.] 50. Melanin Buschiana, live. " California." [No authority. Very like tho young- of J/. scipio, Gld.] S67. Melanin m'grina, Lea, MS. in Mus. Cum. "Shasta, California." 08. Cancellaria funicidata, Ilds.,= C. lyrata, Ad. and Rve. Gulf Magdalena. 66. Litorina irrorata, Say. " Sitcha." [The " Sitcha" shell isZ. modesta, Phil. Say's species is the well-known form from the Gulf of Mexico.] 6. Terebra strigata, Sby., + e/0m7«£a,Wood., =flammea, Less.,= zebra, Kien. "Pa- nama, Galapagos, and Philippines, Cuming; Moluccas, &c." [Painting in stripes.] 10. Terebra robusta, Hds. Panama, &c. [ = T. Loroisi, Guer., teste Rve. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 450. Painting splashed.] 12. Terebra variegata, Gray. u Mouth of the Gambia, Senegal, Mazatlan, Co- lumbia. It is well known to those who have studied the geographical distribution of animal life, that the fauna of the West African seas, north of Sierra Leone, is in part identical with the fauna of the seas of California and the W. Indies ; and geologists, among whom was the late Prof. E. Forbes, have laboured, not unsuccessfully, to account for this phenomenon." [ Vide Maz. Cat. p. 157, B. A. Rep. p. 365. In the pre- sent instance, however, there will be more than one opinion as to the identity of the species here quoted.] + T. africana, Gray, -f- T. Hupei, Lorois, -4- T, inte'rtincta, Hds.,-f T. marginata, Desh., + T. albocincta, Cpr., + T. Hindsii, Cpr.,-f T. subnodosa, Cpr. 72. Terebra armillata, lids. " Panama, Galapagos. Somewhat doubtful whether this is not a var. of T. variegata" [If the others are, probably this is. Those species of Hinds, which Mr. Reeve has not altered, are 'not here repeated.] 32. Terebra dislocata [as Cerithiuni], Say. " Southern U. S. and California." [No authority given for Cal.] 84. Terebra rttdis, Gray, " —M. rufocinerea, Cpr. S. Carolina, Jay. Somewhat doubtful whether this is not a var. of dislocata." [The T. rufocinerea is one of the difficult Mazatlan shells, and should share the fate of T. Hindsii and T. subnodosa.] 85. Terebra cinerea, Born. " W. Africa, Hennah ; Japan, Hds. ; Philippines, Cuming] W. I., C. B. Adams; Mazatlan, Cpr." [i. e. Reigen. The same remarks apply to this group as to variegata, &c.]+ T. castanea, Kien., non Hds.,+ T. Inurina, Hds.,4- T. luctuosa,ilds.,+ T. stylata, Hds.,+ T. Jamai- censis, C. B. Ad. 40. Terebra aspera, Hds.,+ T. Petiveriana, Desh. Panama, S. A., Cuming, Bridges, "2. Calyptraa tortilis, Rve. Galapagos, Owning. 8. Calyptrtea alveolata, A. Ad., MS. Galapagos, Cuming. 4. Crepidida excavata, Brod. Chili [?], Cuming. C. Crepidida nautiloides* , Less., MS. in Mus. Cum. f has neither form nor texture of Phasianella. [The aberrant form is due to the figured specimen being quite young; the adults in Brit. Mus. Col. prove the texture, colouring, and operc. to be normal.] Genus Simpulopsis. This group, intermediate between Vitrina and Succinea, ia stated to be peculiar to Brazil and Mexico, where Vitrina is not known. In the Monograph of Terebratulidce, which is prepared with unusual care, and the general introduction to which is well worth attentive perusal by all students, occur the following species which bear upon the West Coast fauna or synonymy : — 2. Terebratula (Waldheimia) dilatata, Lam., = 71 Gaudichaudi, Blainv. "Str. Magellan," teste Gray, in Brit. Mus. Cat., without authority. [The E. E. specimens varied considerably in outline ; and according to Darwin, and what we know of the variations of fossil species, it is quite possible to believe that this and the next species had a common origin. The great development of this most interesting form, in the cold regions of South America is extraordinary.] i 3. Terebratula ( Waldheimia) ytobosa (Val.), Lam., from type. = T. Calif ornica, Koch. "California, Coquimbo. Californian form well known; small specimen in Mus. Taylor, marked M^'mna, Brod. W. Columbia, Cuming. [= V. Pinacatcnsis, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Guaymas. The peculiar smoothing-off of the central sculpture in the adult may be varietal. It is improbable that Lam. was acquainted with the species.] 83. Venus cremdata, Chem.,=crenata, Grnel. W. I. = V. eximia, Phil., 4- V. cre- nifera, Sby., 4- V. Portesiana, D'Orb. [Not to be confounded with the V. crenifera, Maz. Cat. : has a small Cyprinoid lateral tooth, but no radiating ribs near hmule, nor long anterior tooth t.] 35. Venus Calif ornicmis, Brod.,= V. leucodon, Sby. Guaymas, Gulf Cal., sandy mud, low water, [teste] Cuming. Mus. Cum. [= V. crassa, Sloat, MS. in Mus. Smiths. Not V. Califormana, Conr.,= V. simillima, Sby. This species, with V. neglect a, compta, &c., having the mantle-bend nearly obsolete, approach Anomalocardia subimbricata, and with that species form a natural group, differing from the typical Venus as Lioconcha does from Callista:= V. succincta, Val.] 41. Venus Kennerkyi, Cpr., MS. J in Mus. Cum. Hob. — ? [Puget Sound, Kennerlcy.~\ 43. Venus sugillata, Rve. California, Mus, Cum. Characterized by the shining purple umbos, finely latticed sculpture, dark-stained lunule and liga- mentary area. [ = " V. crenifera, Sby., teste Rve.," Maz. Cat. no. 105, in all essential characteis. Differs in the long anterior tooth being still * Through the kindness of Mr. Reeve, with a view to the completion of this Eeport, I was enabled to compare the figured specimens in this genus with the text, and with the shells of the Smithsonian collection, before they were distributed. The bracketed notes in the text are based on this examination. They are given with unusual detail, because of the unique opportunity of throwing some light on a confessedly difficult family. t The characters of the teetli and pallial line frequently afford satisfactory diagnostic marks between critical species, which are often orerlooked by monographers. $ The descriptions of Dr. Kennerley's shells had long been written, and would have been published but for the American war. The localities of all the West Coast shells sent from the Smiths. CoL to Mr. Cuming were dulj marked in the accompanying catalogues, 55 G70 REPORT— 1863. longer, and in the purple colour. This, however, in the figured speci- men, has been brought-out by the free use of acid, and the markings have been considerably obliterated by the " beautifying " process.] 44, Venus similUma, Sby. San Diego, CaL "Resembles V. compta in detail of sculpture " [but perfectly distinct, belonging to the amutlnma group. It shows the evil of the very brief diagnoses of the earlier conchologists that so discriminating an author as Mr. Conrad should have taken this shell for the V. CaUforniensii, Brod. ; and, quoting it (lapsu) as V. Cali- forniana, redescribed the true V. Californiensis as V. Nuttallii. It is 'known by the great closeness of the fine sharp ribs.] 46. Venus — crenulata, no. 33, very distinct var. Gulf Cal. ; more globose, interior purple rose. [This was sent as " Cape St. Lucas, Xantus" It appears truly distinct from the "W. I. crenulata, and to be the normal form of which pulicaria, no. 26, is an extreme var. Inside, and outside in the adolescent state, they agree exactly ; differing outside, in the adult, in snioothed-ofr'ribs and more distinct V -markings. Mr. Reeve, however, still thinks it more like crenifera. It may stand as " ? var. Klacina"~\ 47. Venus ffibbosula, Desh., MS. in Mus. Cum. Hob. ? — [Guaymas : = V. Cortezi, Sloat. This is the more rounded and porcellanous form of V.Jktctifraga, = V. Nwttalli of Brit. Assoc. Report, and Nuttallian paper in P. Z. S. 1856, p. 21 ; but not the true V. Nwttalli, Conr., v. infra, no. 49. Interior margin very finely erenated on both sides of the hinge.] 43. Venus compta, Brod. Bay of Sechura, Peru, coarse sand and mud, 7 fms., C timing. [This rare species seems to represent V. Californiensis in the South American fauna. It is well distinguished by its shouldered form, produced ventrally, and by the Circoid pallia! line, far removed from the- margin. Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths.] 49. Venus Nifttalli, Conr. * California. [Named from type, teste Conr. ip«., v. antea, p. 520. This is the dull northern form of V. sitccincta, a.*fffncti- frayu is of yibbosttla, the species appearing nearly in the same parallels in the Gulf and on the Pacific coast, but not found in the Liverpool Reigeu Co1.; nor at Cape St. I.ucas. In all essential characters, Nuttalli( though pointed) an 1 Cafiforniensis (though rounded) appear the same; but Mr. Reeve s'ill thinks otherwise. The figured specimen has been altered with acid. The F. excacata is not noticed by Mr. R.j 51. Venus mundulus, Rve. Hetb. ? — [This shell was obtained by Dr. Stimpson in the N. P. Expl.Exp., and bears the Smiths. Cat. number " 1845. San Francisco, very common at low water," = Tapes dirersa, Sby. Jan. This is the highly painted, finely sculptured state of T. stamiwu, Com*, (not '• T. straminea, Conr." Sby.,= T. grata < var.) The abnormally ridged form is V. ruderata, Desh. Conch. Ic. sp. 130. By its large pallia! siuus and bifid teeth it is a true Tapes.'] 62. Venus intersecta, Sby. Puerto Puero [PPortrerol, Centr. Am., Owning* [The shell is exactly identical with no. 19, asj.erriina—cardioidbs; but the ngure might mislead, the colour-lines appearing as rib-*.] 64. Venus siibrostrata, Lam.* vi. p. 343, = V. neylecta, [Gray": Sl>v. Unit. MftznUan and West Indies. " Lam. having cited a figure of th° China species, V. La- marcJiii, the species was lost sight of till Sby. renamed it." [T he La nun •ck- ian species was probably West Indian. V. negtecUi closely resembles the young of V. Californiensis, but has the ligamental area smooth only on one valve, instead of both.] 69. Venus Stutchliwui (Gray), Wood, Sindwich Is. Comes very near to the Californian V. callosa, [Sby., non] Conr., of wh'ch specimens have been found also at the Sandwich Is. \_V. Stittcltbun/i is the New Zealand species, which may easily be confounded with the Califomian. Although both may be obtained at the Sandwich Is., there is no evidence that either * In critical species, when it is impossible to be positive which of two or more was intended by an old author, it appears best to retain the name of the first discriminator. The old name belongs to the general form : the discriminator ought to retain it for ft part j but if that has not been done, it avoids confusion to drop it. 56 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 571 lives there. The shell here figured is beaked like Nuttatti, no. 49 ; lu- nule very faint ; concentric ridges very faint, but sharp ; radiating ribs verv coarse. Inside deeply stained ; margin not ere lated on the sharp anterior edge, though faintly on the lunule ; hinge-teeth stumpy.] CO. Venus musearia, Rve. Hob. ?— [Has the aspect of a West Coast species, between cardioides and fine var. of staminea ; sinus large ; teeth strong, not biiid ; lunule with radiating ribs.] C8. Venus undtitella, Sby. Gulf Calif. [Not a satisfactory species, the type havin Conus regius, Chem.,= C. princeps, Ln., W. Mexico. 212f 1 100 11* \ Conus Larymierti> Kien- Mexico, [Coast not stated.] 58 0\ MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 573 Page. PL Fig. 21o. 98. 2. Conus Philippii, Kien. Mexico. [Coast not seated.] 65. 27. 3. Pleurotoma triticea, Kien. Indian Ocean. [Probably Cithara stromboides, Val. ; Cape St. Lucas.] 45. - 9. 2. Columbetta suturalis, Gray (Griff, pi. 41. f. 2)=C. costata, Duel. Mon. pi. 12. f. 1, 2. Pacific, Coasts of Peru \_ = Anachis Jiuc- tuata, oby.]. 46. 16. 4. Columbetta bicolor, Kien. jHii&. ? — [=-4. rugosaJ] 64, 65. (German Authors.} Pfeiffer. — Everything relating to the land- shells of North America will be found so thoroughly collated in the works of Mr. Binney (v. infra), that it is only judged needful to present here the most important references to the writings of the great authority on the Pulmonata. The student must necessarily consult the ' Symbolae ad Histo- riam Heliceorum, Cassel, 1841 ' et seq., which contains the following ori- ginal authorities : — 1846. p. 89. Achatina California, Pfr. Monterey, Cal. 91. Achatina (Glandina) turris, Pfr. Ifab. ? — [Genus altered to Oleacina, Mon. Hel. iv. p. 640. Maz. Cat. 231.] In the same author's great work, ' Monographia Heliceorum Viventium/ Lipsiae, 1847-8, occur — Page. Vol. I. 1847. 324. Helix Sagraiana, D'Orb. Cuba, California. [Sowerby's error, copied by succeeding writers. The species is ex- clusively Cuban.] 338. Helix J/d Us, Gray. Oregon. = H. Nuttattiana, Lea. 339. Helix Califo niensis, Lea. California. + H. Nicldiniana, Lea. [Quoted as a distinct species in Vol. IV. p. 269.] (Vol. 3. 229. = //. arboretorwn, Val.) 341. Helix I'ownsendiana, Lea. California. (Vol. 3. 229. =H. pedestris, Gld.,+nwto, Gld.) 428. Helix Orenonensis, Lea. Oregon. (Vol. 4. 227. =H. Dupetithouarsii, teste Pfr.) Vol.11. 1848. 101. Bulimus Mexicanus, Lam. Tabasco, Mexico. = H. (Cochlo- gena) vittata, Fer. (Vol.4. 402. = Orthalicus M., Cpr.) 143. Bulimus zebra, Mull.* Mexico. &c . = Zebra Miilleri, Chem. = lJulimus undatus, Brug. * = Orthalicus livens, Beck*, 4- B. princeps, Brod. + -Z>. melanocheilus, Val. 231. Bulimus (Cochlogena) melania, Fer. California. =Melania striata, Perry = B. borinus, Brug. Vol. ill. 1853. 127. Helix Pandora, Fbs. St. Juan del Fuaco. (Vol.4. 347. =//. Damascenus, Gld.) 415. Bulimus Humboldti, Rve. = B. Mexicanus, Val. [? non Lam.] Mexico. 422. Bulimus Californicus, Rve. California. Vol. IV. 1859. 89. Helix Mazatlanica, Pfr., n. s. (Mai. Blatt, Apr. 1856, p. 43.) Mazatlan. 268. Helix exarata, Pfr., n. s. California. 270. Helix reticulata, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt. May 1857, p. 87). Cal. 276. Helix Monnotmm, Pfr. Mormon Island, California. 347. Helix cultellata, Thomson. Contra Costa Co., California. 350. Helix arrosa, Gld. Hab.? — [ California.] -4- eera^'no^ a, Gld. 420. Bulimus chordatus, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt., April 1856, p. 46.) Mazatlan. 472. Bulimus Ziegleri, Pfr. (Mai. Blatt., Dec. 1856, p. 232.) Mexico. '—Orthalicus Z., Cpr. * These appear as three cli-Hnct species in Vol. IV. p. 588-9, with the addition of B. longus, Pfr. (= Orthalicus L, ALaL Blatt., Oct. 1856, p. 187.) 59 574 REPORT — 1863. In the 'Honographia Pneumonopomorum Yiventium, .. Solen snbteres, Conrv ? = £ Dombei, ? -f Cahfornianus. Upper Cal. 28. Littraria lineata. Say;= (Cryptodon) Nuttallii [teste Hani., non] Conr, 61 076 REPOBT-— 18-7*. Page. 72. Tellina incompicua, Br. and Sby., r = Sanguinolaria [ Calif orniana} Conr., nonl fusca, Conr. [=the Eastern species]. In the Appendix are the following species, of which small figures are given to correspond with those in Wood's Ind. Test : — Papc. PL Fie. 339. 13. 50. Periploma obtusa, Hani. W. America. 341. 12. 5. Amphidesma proximum, C. B. Ad., = -4. corrugatum, Ad. Mexico. 373. 18. 51. ^4m* Reeveana, D'Orb. W. America. = A. squamosa, var., D'Orb. = ^4. Ilelbinyii, Rve. 388. 24. 40. Meleagrina Mazatlanica, Hani. Mazatlan [— M. fonbriata, Dkr.]. The following are extracted from the * Journal de Conchy liologie/ Paris, 1850 :— Page. PL Fig. No. 1. Feb. 1850. 57. 3. 4. Columbella Haneti, Petit. ? Mazatlan. 4. Dec. 1850. 410. Observations on Nerita scabricosta, Lain., by Petit. West Coast of N. America. Vol. 3. 1852. 57. 2. 11. Mitra Haneti, Petit. Mazatlan. 4. 1853. 53. 2. 11,12. Natica Taslei, Reel. Mazatlan. 4. 1853.84,166.6. 13-15. Gnathodon trigonum, Petit. Mazatlan \_ — M. mendica, Old., 1851], 4. 1853. 119. 5. 12. Recluzia Rollandiana, Reel. [Genus de- scribed.] Mazatlan. 4. 1853. 154. 5. 9,10. Natica Moquiniana, Reel. PWest Coast of America. Series II. Vol.2. Oct. 1857. 171. AdeorUs Verrauxii, Fischer. ) p.vi.. 285. 6. Skenea Verrauxii, Fischer. ( L 292. Review of the Brit. Assoc. Report and Brit. Mus. Reigen Catalogue, by Fischer. Vol. 9. 209. Review of the Smithsonian Check Lists, by Fischer. The following species are figured in Chenu's ' Illustrations Conchyliolo- giques ' ; but no authority is given for the localities, nor etymology for the remarkable names : — Page. PL Fig. 8. 2. 19, 20. Oli>:a sebuia, Duel. Acapulco. 13. 7. 3, 4, 21, 22. Oliva caldania, Duel. California. 13. 7. 5, 9, 23, 24. Oliva razamola, Duel. California. 17. •lie i' o ir» 11 > Olivia azemula, Duel. California. | lo. 1, J, 1U, 11. \ 19. 16. 7, 8. Oliva mantichora, Duel. California. 19. | J7* 7% I Oliva pindarina, Duel. California. 28. 27. 9, 10. Oliva todosina, Duel. California. An excellent commentary on the above species, and on the difficult genus to which they belong, is supplied in the * Revue Critique du genre Oliva,' by M. Ducros de St. Germain, Clermont, 1857. It was written, not from the well-known London collections, but from a very large series containing all the types figured by Duclos. The following is the author's arrangement of the West Coast forms, excluding citations of well-known species. No. Page. 25. 49. Oliva angulata does not include azemula, Duel., as Rve. says; that being a var. of ponderosa-\-eri/throstoma. 20. 50. Oliva Maria, n.s., pi. 2. f. 26, a, b ; intermediate between Julirtta and an- ffulata. California, teste Duclos. [Appears to be one of the vars. of Cumingti. ] 28. 52. Oliva reticHlaris. To the typical W. Indian shells are united tho^e from California, Panama, Madagascar, Japan, N. Holland, N. Zealand, &c. 62 ON MOULUSCA OP THE WEST COASf OP NORTH AMERICA. 577 bo. Fage. The synonymy includes venulata-\-araneosa-\-Cumin()ii-{'Wiola (Duel. non I Jam.)' + pindarina + fusiformi> + timoria -\- obesina -f tisiphona -f memnonia-\-aldinia -}-oni*ka-{- caldania -f- harpularia -\- Candida -\- ustulata. C3. 83. Oliva ftberiee, Rve. Mazatlan, J?d. Verreaiuc. = [testacetf, var.] G/. -8c>. (X'u3« Dcsliayesiana, n. s. Atlas, pi. 3. f. 67, «, 5 : intermediate between Bra-iliensis and auricularia* California, teste Duclos. [Certainly not from the West Coast.] 63, 87. Oliva volutetta, Lam.-t-razamola, Duel. 71. 89. Oliva undatella, Ifam^nedulina, Duel. ; but not ozodona, Duel., as Rve. says. 73. 89. Oliva lineolata. Gray in Wood's Ind. Test. =purpurata, Swain s.=dama, Duel. [i. e. dama, Goodall in Wood, = lineolata, Gray MS. in B. M., Zool. Beech. Voy.J 75. 91. Oliva selasia, Duel. Acapulco j teste Duel. " We know nothing of this remarkable shell but the specimen figured by the author." 85. 96. Oliva mutica, Say -\-ntJifasciata, Rye. [assigned by error to the- California!! O. bcetica, va,r.^-\-Jimbriaia, Rve. In the most recent and among the most valuable of the contributions to our knowledge of local faunas, ' Mollusques de 1'ile de la Reunion, par M. G. P. Deshayes,' Paris, 1863, occur very unexpectedly the following species connected with the West Coast, either by name or by identity. The list of 530 species from this little island, which the researches of M. Maillard has brought to light, contains several West Indian forms and a large number known in the Central Pacific and even the Sandwich Islands. No. Page. 38. 16. Chama imbricata, Brod. 47. 19. Lucina tujerina, Ln. " Common on sands, with Capsa deflorata, as at the Antilles." 65. 23. Modiola cinnamomea, Chem. [Botula, Morch, teste A. Ad.] 110. 40. Chiton sangmnem, Desh. pi. 6. f. 4-7. [Non Ch. sanyumeus, Rve. As the West Coast shell = Ischnochiton limaciformis, Sby., the Bourbon species may retain its name, especially if, as is probable, it belongs to another genus.] 197. 68. Solarium [Torinia] varieyatum, Lam. 216. 74. Turbo phasianellus, Desh. Minute edition of T. petholatus ; nacreous. [Not congeneric with T. phasianella (Phil.), C. B. Ad., Panama sheila, no. 282.] 233. 79. Natica Marocchimsis, Lam., Q. and G. Astr. pi. 66. f. 16-19. [? = ma- roccana, Chem.] 307. 95. Cerithium wncinatum, Gmel. Thes. Conch, pi. 180. f. 78, 79. [?= C. un- cinatum (Gmel.), Sby.] 393. 114. Purpura patula, Lam. fl^inn.]. 403. 115. Purpura^ ochrostoma (Bl.), Rve. [Sistrum\. 405. 115. Purpura (Coralliophila) madreporarum,Sl>j. [? Rhizocheilus. =s.Lepto- conchm monodonta, Quoy, teste Gld. Otia, p. 215.] 446. 132. Terebra luctnosa, Hds. 560. 140. Cerithium Gallapac/inis (A. Ad.), Sby. Thes. [Sby.'s species = inter- ruptum, Mke., non C. B. Ad., no. 198, rough var.] * 93. Smithsonian Institution. — At the time of the first Report, the tempe- rate fauna of the West Coast was only known through sources liable to error, the collectors having visited other regions besides Oregon and California, and the species described by American authors being but imperfectly understood in this country. The large accession to the number of authentic species, the important elimination of synonyms, and the assignment of ascertained loca- * The review of the remainder of the first Report, nos. 69-92, will be postponed till after the production of the new materials, which are almost entirely from American sources. 63 578 REPORT-— 1863. litics, which are placed on record in this Report, are due almost entirely to the stimulus afforded to science in general, and to this branch especially, by the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D. C. The fund bequeathed by Mr. Smithson, " for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men/' having been declined by the Universities to which it was offered in the Old World, is held (in trust only) by the U. S. Government *. It is administered by a permanent body of Regents, according to a constitution drawn-out at their instance by the Secretary, Prof. J. Henry, LL.D. It may be safely stated that to his unswerving consistency, cautious judgment, and catholic impartiality it is mainly owing that, during various political and social changes, the Institution has not only steered clear of all party bias in the United States, but has distributed its advantages with equal hand on both sides of the Atlantic. The Natural History department is under the special superintendence of the Assistant- Secretary, Prof. Spencer Baird, M.D., whose indefatigable zeal, fertility of resource, and thorough knowledge of the re- quirements of the science have enabled the Institution, by a comparatively small outlay, not only to amass in a few years an enormous store of accurate materials, but also to eliminate from them a series of publications on various important branches of American zoology. The contributions of the Smith- sonian Institution to our knowledge of the West Coast fauna may be consi- dered under [A] its collections and [B] its publications. [A] Smithsonian Collections. — According to the present law, all collections made in expeditions fitted out by the Government become the property of the Smiths. Inst., with liberty to exchange duplicates. Its museum, therefore, is rich in types ; and its liberal policy allows of all duplicates being trans- mitted to public collections, to schools of science, or to individuals engaged in special departments of study. Not being forced into an unalterable plan of operations, like many leading museums of the Old World, permission was given to send nearly the vwhole of the molluscs to this country, that they might be compared with the Cumingian, the Brit. Mus., and other leading collections t. The importance of thus establishing a harmony of nomencla- ture for species on both sides of the Atlantic can scarcely be over-estimated. The previous want of it can be abundantly seen by comparing paragraphs 39, 43, 54, &c., in the first and in this Report. The West Coast collections belonging to the Smiths. Inst. are mainly from the following sources : a. The United States Exploring Expedition, under Capt. (afterwards Admiral) Wilkes, 1837-1840, v. par. 43. b. The North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Capt. Rogers, 1853-1855. Collector, Dr. Stimpson. e. The Pacific Railroad Expedition, 49th parallel, under Governor J. J. Stevens, 1853-54. Collections made in Puget Sound by Dr. Suckley, and at Columbia River by Dr. J. G. Cooper. Dr. Suckley also collected at Panama. * The war has but to a limited extent curtailed the funds and interfered with the operations of the Institution. t The Cunard Steamship Company have most liberally conveyed these stores across the Atlantic, free of cost. The British and American Governments have allowed special facilities for passing the Custom Houses without derangement. Similar acts of liberality and courtesy are continually afforded to the Smiths. Inst. — The materials for this Keport have been placed unreservedly in the hands of the writer, although he went to Washing- ton as a complete stranger, and with no other introduction than his published writings. 64 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 579 d. The Pacific Ilailroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 1853. Collector, Dr. A. L. lieermann. e. The Pacific Railroad Survey, under Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, 185-5. Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry. /. United States and Mexican Boundary Survey, under Major W. H. Emory, 1852. Collector, Arthur Schott. g. Colorado Expedition, under Lieutenant J. C. Ives. Collector, Dr. J. S. Newberry. h. The United States North- West Boundary Survey, under Com. A. Camp- bell. Collectors, Dr. Kennerley and Mr. George Gibbs. Besides the above official explorations on the American side, during a period in which the British Government only fitted out a single expedition coordinate with A, the Smiths. List, has received a large number of pri- vate collections from their correspondents, of which the" following are the principal : — *'. Mr. Jas. G. Swan, from Port Townsend, Cape Flattery, Neeah Bay, and the neighbouring shores of Vancouver ; at intervals, during many years. j. Dr. J. G. Cooper, early private collections from Shoalwater Bay and various stations in California and from Panama ; and lately the dredged collections of the California State Geological Survey, of which a portion were sent in advance by Dr. Palmer. Jc. California Academy of Natural Sciences, duplicates of their collection, with the privilege of inspecting unique specimens. I. Dr. E. Vollum, U.S.A., from Fort Umpqua. m. Lieutenant W. P. Trowbridge, from coast of Oregon and California. n. Dr. J. A. Yeatch, from the peninsula of Lower California, and especially from Cerros Island. o. Mr. A. S. Taylor, from Monterey. jp. Mr. Andrew Cassidy, from S. Diego. q. Rev. J. Rowell, now of San Francisco, from various stations in both faunas, and especially from Sta. Crux, and the Farallones Is. r. Mr. John Xantus, of the U. S. Coast Survey, from Cape St. Lucas. Speci- mens were received through him from Socorro Island (one of the Revilla- gigedo group), Tres Marias and Margarita Island. s. Captain C. P. Stone, from Guaymas and the northern part of the Gulf of California. t. Captain C. M. Dow, from the coast of Central America. u. Dr. J. H. Sternberg, from Panama. v. Dr. J. H. Frick, Mr. James Hepburn, and others, from San Francisco. .u. Mr. C. N. Riotte, U. S. Minister to Costa Rica, from Pimtas Arenas. {v. Mr. W. H. Pease, of Honolulu, collections made by his agents at various stations on the coast, particularly at Margarita Bay. Collections have also been received from various expeditions already tabu- lated in the first Report ; and from stray quarters not here included because their accuracy may admit of doubt. The species received from the most im- portant of these sources will be enumerated in their order ; of the remainder, exact lists may be consulted by the student in the Smithsonian Catalogues, and the combined results will be found tabulated as ' Pacific Railroad Expe- ditions ' or ' Smithsonian Collections.' [B] Smithsonian Publications. — These may be classed under three heads.. (1.) Works published by the U. S. Government, with more or less of assist- ance derived from and through the Smiths. Inst. (2.) The 'Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,' printed in 4to, and answering to the 'Trans- 5 65 >80 REPORT— 18C3. actions' of English learned societies; and (3.) The 'Miscellaneous Collec- tions,' in 8vo, answering to the * Proceedings ' of the societies : — (1.) The series of ten 4to volumes, called ' Pacific Railroad Reports,' con- tains a complete resume of the natural history of the western slope of North America. The Recent and Tertiary Fossil Mollusca will be analyzed in the following pages. Accounts have also been published of the natural history of other expeditions. — The annual volumes of ' Reports of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution,' published by the U. S. Government, contain exact accounts of the assistance rendered to the expeditions by the Smiths. Inst., as well as lectures and articles on special subjects. In these will be found full particulars of the principles which regulate the natural-history workings of the Institution*. (2.) The only paper bearing on our present inquiry as yet published in the ' Contributions ' is on the " Invertebrata of the Grand Manan," by Dr. "W. Stimpson, which should be consulted by all who desire to institute a compa- rison between the sub-boreal faunas on the two sides of the Atlantic. (3.) The ' Miscellaneous Collections ' are all stereotyped, and very freely circulated. Among them will be found " Directions " for collecting specimens of natural history, with special instructions concerning the desiderata on the Pacific coasts. These have been widely distributed among the various go- vernment officials, the employes of the U. S. Coast Survey, and the variously ramified circulating media at the command of the Smiths. Inst. ; and have already borne a fair share of important results, although the war has greatly impeded the expected prosecution of natural-history labours. " Check Lists " have been published " of the Shells of North America, by I. Lea, P. P. Carpenter, W. Stimpson, W. G. Binney, and T. Prime," June 1860. No. 1 contains the Marine Shells of the " Oregonian and Californian Province," and No. 2 of the " Mexican and Panamic Province." They are chiefly com- piled from the first British Association Report, with such elimination of sy- nonyms and doubtful species, and addition of fresh materials, as had become available up to the date of publication. They were not intended to be quoted as authorities ; and so rapid has been the accumulation of fresh information that no. 1 is already out of date. In the " Terrestrial Gasteropoda," by W. G. Binney, list no. 1 contains the " species of the Pacific coast, from the ex- treme north to Mazatlan," to which many additions have since been made. In the list of " Fluviatile Gasteropoda," also by W. G. Binney, " the letter W distinguishes those confined to the Pacific coast, WE is affixed to those found in both sections of the continent, and M designates the Mexican species. From the starting-point of this list considerable progress has already been made. In the brief list of " Cyclades, by Temple Prime," the Mexican and Central American species are similarly designated; but the western species and those common to the Pacific and Atlantic United States are not distinguished. In the list of " Unionida3," by Dr. I. Lea, whose life- long devotion to the elucidation of that family is everywhere gratefully acknowledged, the Pacific species are designated by a P. The large series * The ' Lectures on Mollusca,' in the Vol. for 1860, pp. 151-283, will perhaps be found useful as a digest of classical forms. It was to have been illustrated with copies of woodcuts, kindly promised by Dr. Gray, and since placed at the disposal of the Smiths. Inst. by the courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum ; but, unfortunately, the blocks were not to be found at the time. They will appear, however, in forthcoming Smithsonian publi- cations. The 'Lecture on the Shells of the Gulf of California,' in the Arol. for 1859, pp. 195-219, contains in a popular form, much of the information distributed through the Ih-it. Mus. Maz. Cat. 66 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 581 of specimens, representing varieties and ages, in Dr. Lea's private collection {ire well deserving of close study. Their owner shares the liberality of Mr. Curaing in making them available for all purposes of scientific inquiry. The Smiths. Inst. has just issued from the press the first part of the ' Bibliography of North American Conchology, previous to the year I860,' by W. GK Binney, containing references to all printed information on North American shells by native writers. It is divided into " § A. American descrip- tions of North American molluscs ; § B. American descriptions of foreign molluscs ; § C. Descriptions of foreign species by American authors in foreign works." The work is prepared with unusual care and completeness, and with the accurate judgment which characterizes all Mr. Binney's writings. It contains, under every separate work or paper, " a list of species therein described or in any important manner referred-to, together with their syno- nymy, locality, and the volume, page, plate, and figure relating to them." The second part, containing similar references to American species described by European writers, is now passing through the press. Mr. Binney has most kindly sent the proofs to the writer (as far as p. 287), which have been freely used in preparing this Report, and have supplied various important sources of information. It undertakes to provide for the whole ^orth American continent what has been here attempted for the West Coast ; and in much greater detail, as not only the first description, but all subsequent quotations are duly catalogued. It may be regarded as a complete index of references to all works on North American malacology. The student, in making use of it, will remember that it is only with the Pulmonates that Mr. Binney professes an intimate acquaintance. For these the work may be regarded as complete. But, in other departments of the science, only those shells which are assigned by the authors to North America are quoted ; consequently a large number of species are passed-over which are truly American, but are assigned to other places, or described without locality. Also, species really belonging to other faunas, but falsely attributed to North America, duly appear as though genuine ; and the additional localities frequently assigned by the authors (which are often the real habitats) are seldom quoted. More- over the citations stop at Mazatlan ; consequently, the tropical fauna of the West Coast is but imperfectly represented. Lastly, the authors are not pre- sented in chronological or indeed in any other ostensible order ; but it is pro- mised that the necessary information will be given in the index on the com- pletion of the work. The student will further bear in mind that for many reasons no second-hand reference can serve the same purpose as a consultation of the original book. With these cautions the work will be found invaluable by all who are engaged in working-out American species ; and great thanks are due to Mr. Binney for undertaking the extreme labour of its compilation, and to the Smiths. Inst. for supplying the expense of its publication. Probably no such work has yet been printed on the malacology of any other country. Lastly, there is now in preparation a complete series of hand-books on North American malacology, copiously illustrated with wood engravings, and containing a digest of all that is known in each department. The marine shells of the Atlantic are being described by Dr. Stimpson, who is now also engaged in the dissection of the Freshwater Rostrifers ; the marine shells of the Pacific are placed in the hands of the writer ; the Pulmonates will be thoroughly worked-out by Mr. Binney, the Melaniala? by Mr. Try on, and 67 582 KEPOUT — 1 CG3. the Cy clad id re by Mr. Prime. Thus it appears that the malacologists have been unusually zealous in advancing their before somewhat slumbering study ; and that the Smiths. Inst. has displayed unexpected liberality in preparing and issuing from the press works of a comprehensive character, for the " in- crease and diffusion of what will hereafter be regarded as an important branch of "knowledge among men." 94. North Pacific Exploring Expedition. — In the year 1853, Dr. W. Stimpson, well known in very early life for his dredging-researches and ob- servations on the marine animals of the Atlantic coast, accompanied Captain King-old as naturalist to the IT. S. " North Pacific Exploring Expedition." Its principal object was to obtain more correct information with regard to the Japan seas and the extreme north of the Pacific, and it was only incidentally that it visited the Californian province. However, Dr. Stimpson's extensive dredgings in the fiords of Japan developed the interesting fact, that while the southern shores presented a fauna essentially Indo-Pacific in its character, and abounding in the usual Cones, Cowries, Olives, &c., the northern slopes of the same islands presented an assemblage of forms far more analogous to the fauna of the Sitka and Vancouver region, and containing many species common to the American coast. During the course of the voyage dredging- collectionsf were made by Dr. Stimpson at Madeira, Cape of Good Hope, Sydney Harbour, Coral Seas, Port Jackson, Hong Kong (also by Mr. Wright; New Ire- land, Lieut. Van Wy eke; Gasper Straits, Squires ; vicinity of Canton, presented by Mr. Bowring ; interior of Hong Kong, Wright) ; China Sea ; Whampoa ; Bonin Island; Loo Choo Island; Ousima; Katonasima Straits; Kikaia; Kikaisima ; Kagosima [alas !] ; Hakodadi ; Taniogesima (also Wright, Kent, Kern, Boggs, Carter); Simoda; Niphon (also Brook); Arvatska Bay, Kanit- schatka; Amincheche Island, Avikamcheche Island, Behring Straits; Scnia- vine Straits, Arctic Ocean (also Captain Rogers) ; San Francisco; (Puget Sound and Shoalwater Bay, Dr. Cooper, Cat. no. 1849-1856); Tahiti (also Captain Stephens, Kern), Hawaii (also Garrett ; Sea of Ochotsk, Captain Stevens). All these were duly catalogued, with stations, depths, and other particulars, and living animals preserved in spirits after being drawn. The expedition appears to have returned in 1856. Although Dr. Stimpson devoted his chief attention to articulate animals, and molluscs occupied but a subordinate share of his attention, it is safe to say that in this short period he collected more trust- worthy species of shells, with localities, than were received at the Smiths. Inst. from the united labours of the naturalists of Captain Wilkes's celebrated expedition. Through some unaccountable cause, certain of the most valuable boxes were "lost" between New York and Washington ; the remainder were placed in the hands of Dr. Gould for description, with the MS. catalogue, a copy of which forms the " Mollusca, Vol. I.," nos. 1-2003, of the Smiths. Mus. Fortunately, Dr. Gould embraced the opportunity to bring the un- certain shells to London, and compare them with the Cumingian Collection. t A fuller account of this expedition is here given than is justified from its contrilml ions to the W. American fauna, because no other information respecting it is as yet availabta to the malacological student. 68 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NOPvTII AMERICA. 583 rhus a large body of species, named from, types, was prepared for the New World ; but, unfortunately, through, imperfect packing and the practice of marking by numbers only, much of the value of this identification was lost. The new species were described by Dr. Gould in the ' Boston Proc. Soc. Wat. Hist.,' 1859-1861; and on completion of the series, the author collected the papers embodying the new species of the two great scientific expeditions, as well as his other scattered publications, and issued them in a most valuable book, entitled ' Otia Conchologica : Descriptions of Shells and Molluscs, from 1839-1862,' Boston, 1862; with "Rectifications," embodying such changes of nomenclature and synonyms as he desired to represent his matured views. In quoting Dr. Gould's writings, therefore, this table should always be con- sulted. A considerable portion of the specimens have been returned to the Smiths. Inst., of which the larger species are mounted in the collection, and the smaller ones have been sent to the writer to compare with those collected by Mr. A. Adams, which were unfortunately being described in the London journals almost simultaneously. The war has unhappily postponed the in- tention of publishing the complete lists of species collected and identified with so much accurate care. The following, however, have already been deter- mined by Dr. Gould from the region in which American species occur. The list is given entire (so far as identified), because species as yet known only on one coast of the North Pacific may hereafter be found on the other. It contains (as in the comparison of the Caribbean and West Mexican fauna) (a) species certainly identical, (6) probably identical, (c) " interesting ana- gues," and (d) representative forms. B.I.Cat. no. 12(53. Crepidula hystryx, var. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. [=aculeata, Maz. Cat. no. 334.] 1319. Poronia rubra, Mont. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [Tide Maz. Cat. no. 154.] Among sea- weeds and barnacles in 2nd and 3rd leve s ; rocky shore. 1339. Natica marochiensis [? maroccana ; v. Maz. Cat. no. 570]. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Dead on shore. 1344. Acmcca ? Sieboldi ; very near patina. Kagosima Bay, Japan. Rocks at 1. w. 1351. Turi.na varieyata, Lam. Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Vide Maz. Cat. no. 484.] Dead on shore. 1414. Nasm yemmidata, Lam. [non C. B. Ad.] Kagosima Bay, Japan. 5 fm. sd. 1476. Acar \_Barbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Taniop;esima, Kagosima Bay, Japan. [ Tide Maz. Cat. no. 194.] Dead in ten fm. ; sand and shells. 407,476. Acar \_Uarbatia] gradata, Brod. and Sby. Port Jackson. 1502. Lima squamosa, Lam. Taniogesima, Japan. \_ — L. tetrica, Gld., teste Cum."] The remaining species from these localities are either local or belong to the Philippine and Polynesian fauna. At Simoda and Hakodadi we enter on a mixed fauna. 1574. Haliotis discus, Rve. Simoda and Hakodadi. Rocks at low water, four fm. " Kamtschatkana seems to be the small growth of the same." [It ia locally abundant, however, on the West Coast ; while discus has never been found there, and is much flatter.] 1577. Lufraria [&hizoth&nu Nidtallii, Conr.] Hakodadi Bay. Eight fm. sand. 1579. Cytkerea petechialis, Lam. Hakodadi Bay. Sand, 4th level. 1582. Tritonium \_CJirysodomus] antiquum, Ln. Hakodadi Bay (also Okhotsk and Arctic Oc., 1779). Low- water mark and laminarian zone, on weedy rocks. 1585. Tritonium [Priene] Oreyonense, Redf. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore, and in twenty fm. Also no. 1955. 1588. Tellina Bodegensii, Hds. Hakodadi Bay. Dead on shore. 1589. Mi/a arenaria, Ln. Hakodadi Bay. 1592. Mercenaria orientalis, Gld. [A West Atlantic type, probably =M. Siimp- Otia; p. 169.] Hakodadi Bay. Six fm, sand. 69 584 REPORT— 18G3. 1596. Mentis rigida, Gld. [MS. non Old., Otia, p. 85,= Tapes, var. Petitii. The Japanese shell is Adamsii, Rve., from type]. Ilakodadi Bay. Four to ten fm. sand. The above occur in connexion with local and with diffused tropical species. 1601. Euthriaferrea, live. Simoda. Among stones and pebbles, 3rd level. [Al- most identical with the Cape Horn species, JE. plumbea, Phil.] 1630. Tritonium \_Chrysodomus} cassidarictfortnis, live. East Coast of Japan, lat. 37°, and Hakodadi. Twenty fm., black coarse sand. 1632. Chiton "largest" [? Cryptochiton Stelleri]. Ilakodadi. On large stones and under shelving rocks, low-water mark. 1634. Pecten, like [ = ] Islandicus. Hakodadi. Ten fm. shell-sand. 1635. Sanguinolaria Nuttallii, Conr., = decora, lids. Ilakodadi. " Possiblv= Sole- tellina obscurata, Desh." Sand, low-water mark. 1637. Macoma lata, " Gmel. in Mus. Cum.,= calcarea, Chem.,=proxima, Brown, = sordida, CoMth.^Suensoni, Morch." Ilakodadi. 4th level, sandy mud. 1639. Litorina Grcenlandtca, Chem. Ilakodadi. Hocks, 1st level. 1648. Cardium pseudofossile, Hve., = blaHdum, Gld., perhaps = Californicnsi ', Desh. Hakodadi. Twentv fin. sand. 1051. Ttrebratida \_Waldieimia~} Grayi, Desh. Ilakodadi. Sb ell y gravel, 8-15 f»i. 1665. Leda arctica, Brod. [=1^. lanceolata, 3 . Sbv.]. Hakodadi. Saudy mud, 4-12 fm. Seniavine Str., 10-30 fm. 1674. Drillia inennis, Hds. Hakodadi. Shelly sand, 4-10 fm. 1700. Pecten Yessoensis, Jay. [Probably a var. of Amusium caurmumJ] Hakodadi. Weedy mud, 4 fm. 1702. Cardium (Serripes) Grcenlandicum. Awatska Bay, Kamtschatka. Mud, 12 fm. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean. 1703. Yoldia thraciceformis, Storer. Hakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. 1704. Mytilus edulis. Hakodadi. Also Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., and Arctic Ocean. Low-water mark, and in 3rd and 4th level. 1705. Cardium Calif omiense, Desh. Ilakodadi. Mud, 12 fm. [= no. 1648.] 1706. Mya truncata. Hakodadi ; also Avikamcheche Is. Mud, 6-15 I'm. Alro Arctic Ocean, in mud, 30 fm. 1708. Buccinum glaciate. Hakodadi, and Straits of Seniavine, at Aminchecho Is., Behring Str. 1710. Tritonium [Chrysodomw~] antiquum+ deformis, Hve.; and vars. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is. Gravel, 4 fm. 1711. Buccinum tortuosttm, Rve., = 6Ta/an/orme-f-vars. Straits of Seniavine. 1714. Mya ?arenaria. Hakodadi and Avikamcheche Is. 1715. Bullia [ Volutharpa~]ampullacea, Midd. Hakodadi. Gravel, 5-6 fm. 1716. Lanistes Icevigata, Gray (^discors, Ln., teste Dkr. in Mus. Cum.). Mud, 20 fm. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean ; common, in nests, 30 fm. ; no. 17ot). 1717. Trichotropis midticaudata [?=Tr. coronata, Otia, p. 121: related to insignia^ Midd., teste A. Ad.]. Hakodadi. Gravelly mud, 15 fm. 1718. \Lepeta'] caca, var. concentrica, Midd. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean. 1719. Trichotropis bicarinata, Sby. Hakodadi. Not uncommon in laminarian zone. Arctic Ocean ; common. 1720. Macoma proxima, Brown. Hakodadi; mud, 5-25 fm. Awatska Bay. Arctic Ocean ; common, no. 1727. 1721. Macoma edentula, Brod. and Sby. Hakodadi. Avikamcheche Is. 1722. Crepidula grandis, Midd. Hakodadi. Okhotsk, 15 fm. : no. 2002. 1723. Venus Jluctuosa, Gld., 1841. ? = astartoides, Beck, 1849. Hakodadi and Arctic Ocean : not uncommon. Mud, 5-10 fm. 1725. Cardita (Actinobohis) borealis, Conr. Avikamcheche Is., Behring Strait? ; mud, 5-30 fm. Awatska Bay ; 10 fm. mud. Arctic Ocean ; common. 1726. Saxicava pholadis} I^.^ruyosa+dintorta. Avikamcheclie Is., Arctic Ocean. Awatska Bay; on shells, &c. Lam. zone ; no. 1729. 1728.. Margarita obscura, Couth. Awatska Bav, Kamtschatka. Mud, 10 fm. 1732. Bela turricida., Mont Awatska Bay -, mud, 6-15 fm. Also Seuiaviae Str,; no. 1782. 70 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5 5 S.I. Cat. no. 1733. Yoldia Umatula, Say. Awatska Bay and Arctic Oc. Mud, common, 5-20 fm. 1734. Nation clausa, Brod. Awatska Bay. Mud, 5-15 fm. 1735. Yoldia myalis (or hyperborea). Awatska Bay. Mud, 10 fin. 1730. Leda minuta. Seniavine Str. ; Arctic Oc., near Behr. Str. Mud and pebbly sand, 15-30 fm., coarse striae. 1737. Leda minuta, var. Ditto. Mud and pebbly sand, 5-20 fm., fine striae. 1740. Modiolaria corrugata. Ditto. Mud, in nests, 30 fm. 1741. Rhynchonella psittacea. Ditto. Gravel and sponges, 20-30 fm. 1742. Margarita striata, Leach. Ditto. Shelly gravel, common, 15-30 fm, 1744. Admete arctica, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 30 "fin. 1745. Admete viridula, Couth. Ditto. Gravel, 4 fm. ; mud, 10-30 fm. 1747. Velutina haliotoidea. Ditto. Gravel, 10-25 fm. 1748. Margarita argentata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. ; shelly, 15- 25 fm. 1749. Turritella (sp.), Migh. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. ; clean gravel, 4-20 fm. 1750. Trichotropis bicarinata. Ditto. Pebbly mud, 5-G fm. 1751. Lunatia pallida, Brod. Ditto. Mud, 10-30 fm. 1752. CylicJma triticea, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 15-30 fm. 1753. Velutina {Mornlia} zonata [Gld. Inv. Mass.]. Ditto. On stones, 5 fm. 1754. Nucula tennis, Mont. Ditto. Mud, common, 20-30 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5-20 fin. Also Hakodadi j sandy mud, 10 I'm. ; no. 1687. 1756. Trophon clathratus, Linn. Ditto. Mud, :.'0-30 fm. ; gravel, 4 fm. 1757. Lunatia septentrionalis, Beck. Ditto. Gravelly mud, common, 20 fm. ; gravel, 4 fm. 1758. Amicula vestita, Sby. Ditto. Gravel, common, 10-40 fm. 1759. Scalaria Grocnlandica, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 1760. Lunatia pallidoides. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 1761. Chrysodomus Islandicus, Chemn. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 1762. Patella \Lepeta~\ Candida, Couth. Ditto. Mud, 30 fm. 1763. Chiton albus, Linn. Ditto. On shells in mud, 30 fm. 1765. Chrysodomus Schantaricus, Midd. Ditto. Mud, 20-30 fm. 1770. Astarte lactea, Br. and Sby. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. 1771. Pecten Islandicus, Chemn., var. Arctic Oc. Mud, 30 fm. 1773. Buccinum ?undatum (probably bicarinate var. of glaciate}. Arctic Ocean. 1774. Buccinum tundatum, var. pelagica. Arctic Ocean. 1775. Buccinum ?Ochotense, Midd. Arctic Ocean. 1776. Buccinum angulosum, Gray (= ylaciale, var.). Arctic Ocean. 1777. Buccinum ? tenue, Gray. Arctic Ocean. 1778. Mangclia, like simplex, Midd. Arctic Ocean. 1781. Bela rufa, Mont. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, common, 5 fm. 1783. Turritella erosa. Seniavine Sto Mud, 10-20 fm. 1784. Lyonsia Norvegica, Chem. Seniavine Str. Pebbly mud, 5 fm. 1785. Trichotropis imignis, Midd. Seniavine Str. Gravel, 10 fin. 1789. Bela decussata, Couth. Seniavine Str. Sandy mud, 10-20 fni. Also Awatska Bay ; no. 1730. 1790. Yoldia myalis, Couth. Seniavine Str. Mud, 10-20 fm. ; pebbly mud, 5 fni. 1791. Bela harpidaria, Couth. Pebbly mud, 5 fm. 1793. Margarita helicina, Fabr. Behring Str. Clean gravel and algse, 5 fm. 1796. Turtonia [? minuta, Fabr.]. Behring Str. Common on sponges, 20-40 fm. 1798. Lunatia \_Acrybia~] aperta, Lov. Kamtschatka. 1799. Modiolaria nigra, Gray. Arctic Ocean. 1821. Chamalobata [ — exogyra, Jay, non Conr.]. China Sea, west of Formosa, Shell- gravel, 30 fm. 18"36. Purpura emarginata, Desh. San Francisco. On rocks in 4th level. 1837. Litorina plena, Gld. San Francisco. On rocks in 3rd and 4th levels. 1838. Acmcea textilis, Gld. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides. 18386. Acmcea patina, E*ch. San Francisco. On piles and rocks between tides. 1839. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. San Francisco. On sandy beaches. 1840. Macoma nasuta, Conr. S«n Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fm. 1841. CardiumNuttallii, Conr. San Francisco. Common in sandy mud, 1. w. 10 fin, 71 586 REPORT— 1863. S.I. Cat. no. ]S4o. Mytilm edidis, var. San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level. 18-14. Mytilus Calif ornianus, Conr. Near entrance to San Francisco. On rocks and gravel, 4th level. 1845. Tapes diversa, Sby. San Francisco Bay. Very common, low-water mark [= V. staminea, Conr., var., = V. mundidus, Rve. j v. antea, p. 570J. 1846. Chiton \_Mopalia] muscosm, Gld. Entrance of San Francisco Bay. Not uncommon on rocks at low-water mark. 1847. Oryptodon [Schizoth&nts] Nuttallii, Conr., jun. San Francisco. One sp. 1848. MacJuera lucida, Conr. San Francisco. Common. [ = M. patula, Portl.] The shells brought back by the Expedition from Puget Sound and Shoal- water Bay were collected by Dr. Cooper, whom Dr. Stimpson met at San Francisco, and are not here catalogued, as they appear again in his own collections, v. infra, par. 101. 1SG9. Lithophaffiis cinnamomem. China coast, lat. 23|°. Dead, 25 fin., sand. 11)24. Helix tudiculata. Bin. Petaluma, CaL; under stems in open grove of scruboak. 100(3. Mytilus splendens, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. Rocks below tide-marks, com. 1957. Anomia olivacea, Gld. Hakodadi Bay. On shells or gravelly sand, 10 fm. 1958. Cerastoma foliatum, var. Eurnettn, Ad. and Rve. Hakodadi "Bay and N. E. part of Niphon. Low-water mark, on rocks and boulders. lr»")9. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. N. E. shore of Niphon. See no. 1574. 1HGO. Ptirpura Freycmettii, Desh. N. E. shore of Niphon. Common on rocks. ltX>l. Ptirpwa Freycinettti, var. with muriciform lamelke. N. E. shore of Niphon. lfK> . Placunanomia macroschisma, Desh. West Coast of Jesso. Gravel, 30 fin. 10GS. Terebmtida pulvinata, Gld. Arctic Ocean. Gravel, 30 fm. 20JO. Puncturetta noachina, Linn. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm. 2 *)1. Astftrfe Ittctea, Brod. and Sby. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 20 fm. 2J03. Terebratida yhbosa, Lam. Sea of Okhotsk. Gravel, 36 fm. [Perhaps Cali- farnica, Koch.] The following, from among the new species described by Dr. Gould in his ' Oda Conch.,' belong to the same province, and to forms which may be ex- pected to appear on the northern shores of West America. They were first published in the Proc. Bosk Soc. Nat. Hist., under the dates quoted : — Otia.p. Bost. Proc.S.N.H. 109. 1859. June. Natica severa, Gld., like heros, but with umbilicus resembling unifasciata. Hakodadi, W. S. 109. „ „ Natica russa, Gld., like clausa* Arctic Ocean, W. S. 115. „ Dec. Patella pattida, Gld. Hakodadi. On stones and gravel, 10 fm. 115. „ „ Patella grata, Gld. N. E. shore of Niphon. 115. n „ Acmcea dorsuosa, Gld., like patina, var. monticida [monticola], Nutt. Hakodadi, on rocks of 2nd and 3rd lamin. zone. W. S. 117. n „ Cliiton (Leptochitori) concinmis, Gld., like albus, but with lines of punctures. Hakodadi, W. S. 118. „ „ Oiiton (Acanihoch&tes) ac-hates, Gld. Kikaia, Hakodadi, W. S. 113. 1859. Dec. Chiton (Mdpalia) Stimpsoni, Gld., like Blainvittei, without an- terior radiating lines. [" On stones, clean bottom, 25 fm., and under stones and rocks, low-watermark." — Smiths. Cat. no. 1646. Not to be confounded with M. Simpsoni. Gray.l Hakodadi, W. S. 120. 1860. Sept. Terebratufa \?Waldheimia~] tranxversa, Gld., like Grayt, with shorter internal suppoiis : [=Crr«t/>, teste A. Ad.] Hakodadi, W. S. ]20. „ „ Terebmtella miniata, Gld., like Zelandiea* Apophyses united to central crest. [= Waldheiinia Kweanica, Ad. and Rve., teste Rve. from type. " On pebbles, clean bottom, 30 fm." Smiths. Cat. 1597/1 Hakodadi, W. S. 120. „ tt Rhynchonella lucida, Uld. ; in aspect like T. vitrea, jun. 121. i) n Trichotropis (Iphinoe) coronata, Gld. ; like T. ciliata, Kmger, Straits of Semiavine, Arctic Ocean, 20 fm. mud. \Y. S. 72 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 587 Otia,p. Bost. Proc. S.IST.H. 122. I860. Sept. Buccinum Stimpsoni, Gld.; like undatum, but quite distinct. Avikamcheche Is., Behring Str., W. S. Arctic Ocean, Rod- gers. [ Not B. Stimpsoniamim, C. B. Ad.] 123. „ „ Neptimea (Sipho) terebralis, Gld. ; like Icelandica. Arctic Oc. 125. „ „ Trophon incomptus, Gld. ; like crassus. Hakodadi, W. S. 134. „ Oct. Bela turgida, Gld. Kamtschatka, W. S. 153. 1861. Mar. Margarita ianthina, Gld. j like Schantarica. Arctic Ocean. 154. „ „ Margarita albula, Gld. j like an overgrown arctica. Arctic Ocean., W. S. 154. „ „ Margarita mustelina, Gld. Hakodadi j low water, W. S. 159. „ „ Gibbula redimita, Gld. ; like nivosa, A. Ad. Hakodadi, W. S. 162. Lyonsia ventricosa, Gld. ; shorter than Norveqica. Hakodadi, 2-6 fin., sandy mud, W. S. [" ? = navicula, jun." A. Ad.] 102. .. Lyonsia (Pandorina) flabellata, Gld. ; like arenosa. Arctic Ocean, W. S. 162. „ „ T hear a lubrica, Gld. Hakodadi ; common in mud, 6 fm., TV. S. 163. „ „ Panopcea fragilis, Gld. Hakodadi, W. S. 163. „ „ Panopcea ?generosa, var. sagrinata. Awatska Bay, Kamts- chatka, W. S. ["Epidermis projects £ in., as in Glycimeris, Mud, 12 fm." Smiths. Cat. 1701.] 164. „ „ Corbula venusta, Gld. Hakodadi, 5-8 fm., shelly sand, W. S. 165. „ „ Solen strictus, Gld. ; like corneus. Hakodadi, W. S. 165. „ „ Solen gracilis, Gld. [non Phil.] Hakodadi, sandy beaches, W. S. 165. „ „ Machcera sodalis, Gld. ; like costata. Hakodadi, W. S. 165. „ „ Solemyapmilla, Gld.; like velum. Hakodadi, 5 fm., mud, W.S. 167. „ „ TeHinahibrica,Gld.; like felix and fabagetta. Hakodadi, 6 fm., sandy mud, W. S. 168. „ „ Saxidomus aratm, Gld. ; like V. maxima, Phil. San Francisco. [Described as 4'5 in. long, yet] smaller than Nuttallii. ["Open bays at Sir F. Drake's ; 1. w., sand." Smiths. Cat. 1842.] 169. „ „ Venus (Mercenaria) Stimpsoni. Gld. j like the Atlantic forma. Hakodadi, 6 fm., W. S. 170. „ „ Mysia (Felania) usta, Gld. j like an Astarte. Hakodadi, 8 fin., I sandy mud, W. S. 173. „ Apr. Montacata divaricata, Gld. Hakodadi, on Spatangtts-spmes,W. S. 175. „ ,. Nucida (Acila) insignis, Gld. ; like mirabilis : [identical, teste A. Ad.] E. Japan, lat. 37°, and Hakodadi, W. S. [« 20 fin. black coarse sand."— Smiths. Cat. 1628.] 177. „ „ Mytilus coruscus, Gld.* Hakodadi ; common on rocks between tide-marks, W. S. [?=M. sphndens., no. 1956.] 177. „ „ Pecten Itetus, Gld. ; resembles generally P. senatorius, is still more like P. [Amusiwn] caurinm. Hakodadi, shelly mud, 10 fm., W. S. [Non P. Icctus, Gld., in U. S. Expl. Exped. Shells, Otia, p. 95, = P. Diffenbachii, Gray, teste Cuming.] 95. The United States Expedition to Japan, under Commodore M. C. Perry, 1852-4, was not undertaken for scientific purposes ; and no special provision was made either for collecting or describing objects of natural history. A large number of shells, however, were obtained, and identified by Dr. Jay of New York. In Vol. II. of the < Narrative of the Expedition, , Conr., n.s. „ 6. 8. Cardita planic'ntit, Lam., = Venericardia ascia, Rogers. First discoA-ered in Maryland in 1829, by Conr. ; occurs abundantly in Md., Va., AL, and is quite as characteristic of the Ameri- can as of the European Eocene period. „ 7. 9. Natica?cetites, Conr., 1833. „ 7. 10. Natica?gibbosa, Lea, 1833, or N. semilunata, Lea; also found ft Claiborne, Al. „ 8. 11. Natica alveata, Conr., n.s. ;; 12. 12. Turritelia Ucasana, Conr., n. s. Allied to T. obnrfa, CoBT.,= 7'. lineata, Lea, from Claiborne, Al. n 9. 13. Volutatithes [? Volutilithes] Californiana, Conr., n.s. Resembles V. Say ana, Conr. „ 13. 14. ? Busy can H?akei, Conr., n.s. „ 11. 15. Clavatula Cali^ornica, Conr., n.s. Allied to C. pronda, Conr., of Claiborne Eocene. II. Miocene and Recent Formations (from various localities). III. 15. 16. Cardium mo'lestum, Conr., n.s. San Diego. [May be Hemicar- dimn bianyidatum, jun.] „ 19. 17. Nucida decisa, Conr., n.s. Resembles N. divaricata of the Ore- gon Miocene. [Closely allied to N. castrensis, &c., but too im- perfect to determine.] San Diego. III. 16. 18. Corbida Diegoana, Conr., n.s. San Diego. „ 20. 19. Meretrix umomeris, Conr., n.s. Monterey Co. „ 27. 20. Meretrix decisa, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. „ 22. 21. Meretrix Tularena, Conr., n.s., [in list, "Tularana" in text]. From a boulder in Tulare Valley. [Comp. Tapes gracilis, Gld.] „ 28. 22. Tettina Diegoana, Conr., n.s., San Diego. 14 18 I I Tellina congesta. Conr., n.s. [Appears a Heterodonax, allied to &' 21 1 ^' ) bimacidata, Lam.] Abundant at Monterey, Carmellb, and San ( Diego. „ 17. 24. Tellina Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [?= T. gemma, Gld.] Recent formation. San Pedro. „ 29. 25. Area microdonta, Conr., n.s. Resembles A. arata, Say, of the Maryland Miocene. Miocene, ? Tulare Valley. * The existence of Eocene strata on the Pacific slope is ascertained by a single boulder of very hard sandstone, which, though very small, furnished fifteen species. Of these, three correspond with forms from Claiborne, Alabama ; and the " finger-post of the Eocene" appears in its usual abundance. Mr. Conrad characterizes the specimens as " beautifully perfect ;" which would not have been supposed from his descriptions and figures. They " seem to indicate a connexion of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans during the Eocene period ;" and the author expects that " when the rock shall have been disco- vered and investigated in situ, fresh forms will be obtained, with which we are already familiar in eastern localities." 75 590 REPORT— 1863. Plate Fig. No IV. 31. 20. Tapes diversum, Sby. \_= Tapes stanwica, Conr., var. Peiiiii, (III. in text). Desh.] Recent formation. San Pedro. III. 25. 27. Saxicava abrupta, Conr., n.s. [Probably the shortened form of Petricola carditoides, Conr.] Recent formation. San Pedro. n 24. 28. Petricola Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Allied to P. ventricosa, Desh.] Recent formation San Pedro. IV. 33. 29. Schizothcerm Nuttalli,Com.,"n.s"=Tresus cajwx, Gld. Recent formation. San Pedro. III. 23. 30. ?Lutraria Traskei, Conr., n.s. [Not improbably = Stundomtts Nttttallii, Conr., jun.] PMioceue. Camiello. V. 45. 31. Mactra Diegoana, Conr., n.s. Like M. albaria, of the Oregon Miocene. [Resembles Mulinia angulata, Gray.] ? Miocene. San Diego. „ 35. 32. Modiolac(mtracta,ConT.,-n.s. [Very like M. recta, Conr.] ? Mio- cene. Monterey Co. Recent formation. „ 40. V33. Mytilus Pedroanus, Conr., n.s. [Probably —M. edulis, jun.] Recent formation. San Pedro. ,, 41. 34. Pecten Deserti, Conr., n.s. [Resembles P. circularis.~] Mio- cene. Carrizo Creek, Colorado Desert. „ 34. 35. Anomia sttbcostata, Conr., n.s. \? = Placunanomia macroschisma.~] Miocene. Colorado Desert. Allied to A. Ruffini. n 36-38. 33. Ostrea vespertina, Conr., n.s. [Resembles O. lurida, var.] Mio- cene. Colorado Desert. Like O. subfalcata, Conr. 37. Ostrea Heermanni, Conr., n.s. Colorado Desert. „ 43. 38. Penitella spelcea, Conr., n.s.* Recent formation. San Pedro. ,, 44. 39. Fissurella crenulata, Sby. [=Lucapina c.~] Recent formation. San Pedro. VI. 52. 40. Crepidula princeps, Conr., n.s. [= C. grandis, Midd.] Recent formation. Santa Barbara. V. 39. 41. Narica Diegoana, Conr., n.s. ? Miocene. San Diego. „ 42. 42. Trochita Diegoana, Conr., n.s. [Like T. ventricosa j but may be Galerus contortusJ] PMiocene. San Diego. „ 46. 43. Crucibulum spinosum, Conr., n.s.t Recent formation. San Diego. VI. 49. 44. Nassa interstriata, Conr., n.s. [=JVi mendica, Gld.]. Recent fonnation. San Pedro. „ 48. 45. Nasta Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Amycla gausapata and its congeners.] J Recent formation. San Pedro. „ 51. 46. Strephona Pedroana, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Olivetta baticaJ] Recent formation. San Pedro. . „ 50. 47. Litorina Pedroana, Conr., n.s. \_=L. plena, Gld.] Recent forma- tion. San Pedro. n 47. 48. Stramonita petrosa, Conr., n.s. [Is perhaps Monoceros lugubre.~\ ?—. Tulare Valley. * Mr. Conrad regards the " coriaceous cup as characteristic of the genus." It appear a subgenus of Pholadidea, differing in the form of the plate. Mr. Try on, " Mon. Pho lad.," p. 66, restricts it to the Penitella penita, which (according to his diagnosis) ha; one central and two anterior dorsal plates. The closely related P. ovoidea he leaves u the original genus, as having "two dorsal accessory valves," although lie allows that "its position cannot be accurately determined on account of the loss of its dorsal valves." Conrad's fossil has the shape of P. ovoidea ; but although he says that it is " widely dis- tinct" from P.penita, I am unable to separate it from the ovoid form of that species, which will be found in the Smithsonian series. t This is certainly Sowerby's species, to which Conrad gives a doubting reference. In the text he gives it as " spinosum, Conr.," in his table marking it as " nov. sp." J Conrad compares N. interstriata to N. trivittata, Say, and N.Pedroana toN. lunatd, Say, and states that the two Atlantic species are "associated with each other both in the sea and in the Miocene deposits of Virginia and Maryland." As the two correlative species 8^*0 found together, living and fossil, on the Pacific side, there is presumptive evidence for their having descended from a common stock. 76 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 591 VI. 54. 49. tGratelupia mactropsis, Conr., n.s. [? = Donax punctatostriatus.'} ? Miocene. Isthmus of Darien. Resembles G. Hydeana, Conr. Eocene. w 55. 50. Meretrix Dariena, Conr., n.s. [Comp. Cyclina subquadrata.'} PMiocene. Isthmus of Darien. „ 53. 51. Tellina Dariena, Conr., n.s. PMiocene. Isthmus of Darien. VII 57. 52. Natica Ocoyana, Conr., rr.s. [Marked 51 on plate : err.] Oeoya or Pose Creek. „ 67. 53. Natica geniculata, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. Resembles N. alveata. „ 62. 54. Bullajugnlaris, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. „ 69. 55. Pleurotoma transmontana, Conr., n.s. [Marked 60 on plate : err. Closely resembles Chrysodomus dims, Rye.] Ocoya Creek. 56. Pleurotoma Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. [Omitted in the text.] Ocoya Cr. „ 72. 57. Syctopus [Ficula.] Ocoyanus, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. VIII. 73. 58. Turritetta Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. „ 76. 5£. Coins arctatus, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. „ 75. 60. Tellina Ocoyana, Conr., n.s. Ocoya Creek. „ 77. 61. Pecten Nevadanus, Conr., n.s. Very like N. Humphreysii, Mary- land, Miocene. Ocoya Creek. TX. S3. 62. Pecten calilliformis, Conr., n.s. Very like P. Madisonius} Say, Virginia, Miocene. Ocoya Creek. The following species are not described in the text, but quoted in the list. Vide p. 320 :— VIII. ?78. 63. Cardium, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 64. Area, sp, ind. Ocoya Creek. ,. ?80. 65. Solen, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. ,. rc^l. 66. Dosinia, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. ,', ?79. 67. Venus, sp. ind. Ocoya Creek. 68. Cytherea ?decisa, Conr. Ocoya Creek. 69. Ostrea, sp. ind. San Fernando. 70. Pecten, sp. ind. San Fernando. 71. Turritetta biseriata, Cour., ?n.s. San Fernando. VII. ?58. 72. Trochus, sp. ind. Benicia. „ P59. 73. Turritella, sp. ind. Benicia. „ ?71. 74. Buccinum ? inter striatum. San Pedro * 75. Anodonta Calif orniensis, Lea. Colorado Desert. Mr. Conrad, than whom there is no higher authority for American Tertiary fossils, considers the age of the Eocene boulder ascertained; and that "the deposits of Santa Barbara and San Pedro represent a recent formation, in which (teste Blake) the remains of the Mammoth occur : and the shells indi- cate little, if any, change of temperature since their deposition." But he acknowledges that the intermediate beds are of uncertain age. Those on Carrizo Creek he refers to the Miocene, some characteristic species being either identical with the Eastern Miocene or of closely related forms. In addition to the species tabulated in this Report, he quotes, as having been collected in California by Dr. Heermann, " Mercenaries perlaminosa, Conr., scarcely differing from M. Ducatelii, Conr. ; and a Cemoria, Pandora, and Cardita of extinct species, closely analogous to Miocene forms." The casts from Ocoya Creek were too friable to be preserved, and are figured and de- scribed from Mr. Blake's drawings ; these also are regarded as Miocene. The San Diegan specimens are too imperfect for identification ; they are referred to the Miocene by Conrad, but may perhaps be found to belong to a later * Several fossils are figured in plates vii. and viii., to which no reference is made in the toxt. It is unsafe to conjecture the genus to which many of them belong, but it is pre- nuraed that they relate to the indeterminate species here quoted. 77 593 REPORT — 18G3. age. The typos of these species in the Smithsonian Museum aA A ra* too -rn- perfect to determine specifically with any confidence ; and by no means ii* » suitable condition to allow of important conclusions being drawn from them. 98. The third article in the Appendix to the same volume of Reports contains a " Catalogue of the Recent Shells, with Descriptions of the New Species," by Dr. A. A. Gould. The specimens were (apparently) in the hands of Dr. Gould for examination when he prepared the MS. for the first Report; and some of them were included in the " Mexican War Collections," B. A. Report, pp. 227, 228. " The freshwater shells were collected in the Colorado desert and other localities ; the land and marine shells between San Francisco and San Diego." The following is the list of species as determined by Dr. Gould, pp. 330-336. The specimens belong to the Smithsonian Institution, where a large portion of them were fortunately discovered and verified. They were collected by W. P. Blake, Esq., and Dr. T. H. Webb. Plate. Fig. No. 1. Ostrea, sp. ind. Parasitic on twigs ; thin, radiately lineated witli brown. [=O. conchavhila, Cpr.] Another species, elongated, solid, allied to Virginica [var. ruf aides]. San Diego. 2. Pecten monotimeris, Conr. San Diego. 3. Pecten ventrtcosus, Sloy.,+tumidus, Sby. [Dead valves, of tha form a!ckra, which was in the collection. 78 OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5 3 Plate. Fig. No. 21. Lottia scabra, Gld. [non Nutt, Rve. : = spectrum, Nutt., Rve. ] San Francisco. 22. Lottia patina, Esch. San Pedro. 23. Scurria pallida. Gray, = Lottia mitra, Brod. [= Scurria mitra, Esch., = Z. conica, Old., anteaJ\ San Pedro. 24. Calyptreea hispida, Brod. [= Crucibulum spinosum, Sby.] San Pedro j San Diego. 25. Orepidula incurra, Brod.* San Pedro. 26. JM/0 nebulosa, Old. San Diego. 27. Bulla (Haminea) rirescens, Sbv. San Diego. XI. 29. 28. Sulla (Haminea) vesicula, Gl<£, n.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. [P. Z. S. 1856, p. 203.] San Diego, Slake. XL 27,28. 29. Bulla (Tornatina) incuUa,G\d.,u.s. Prel. Rep. 1855. S.Diego. [P. Z. S. 1856, p. 203. Appears to be a Utriculi Conrv pkil. Proc- 1856- San Luis Obispo. 73. V. 25. Pandora bilirata, Conr., p. 267. [Closely resembles Kennerlia bicarinata.~\ Santa Barbara. „ „ 24. Cardita occidental, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [?= C. ventricosa, Gld.l Santa Barbara. „ „ 23. Diadora crucibuliformis, Conr., 1855, p. 267. [? = Pundweila cueidlata, Gld.] Santa Barbara. Fossils of Gatun, Isthmus of Darien. 72. V. 22. Malea ringens, Swains. Gatun. „ „ 19. TurriteUa altilira, Conr. Gatun. „ „ 20. Turritella Gatunensis, Conr. Gatun. „ n 20. Triton, sp. ind. Gatun. n „ 21. ? Cytherea Dariena, Conr. [The figure does not appear conspe- cific with that in the Blake collection, no. 50.] Galun. The northern fossils are supposed by Mr. Conrad to be of the Miocene period, and not to be referable to existing species. Those from Sta. Barbara, however, are clearly of a very recent age, and probably belong to the beds searched by Col. Jewett. But by far the most interesting result of Dr. Newberry's ex- plorations was the discovery of the very typical Pacific shell, Malea ringens, in the Tertiary strata on the Atlantic slope of the Isthmus of Darien, not many miles from the Caribbean Sea. The characters of this shell being such as to be easily recognized, and not even the genus appearing in the Atlantic, it is fair to conclude that it had migrated from its head waters in the Pacific during a period when the oceans were connected. We have a right, there- fore, to infer that during the lifetime of existing species there was a period when the present separation between the two oceans did not exist. We may conclude that species as old in creation as Malea ringens may be found still living in each ocean ; and there is, therefore, no necessity for creating " representative species," simply because, according to the present configu- ration of our oceans, we do not see how the molluscs could have travelled to unexpected grounds. 100. In vol. vii. of the Pacific Railroad Reports, part 2, is the Geological Report, presented to the Hon. Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War, by Thos. Antisell, M.D. He states reasons for believing that during the Eocene period the Sierra Nevada only existed as a group of islands ; that its final uplifting was after the Miocene period ; and that during the whole of that 80 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 59? period the coast-range was entirely under water. The Miocene beds ar* above 2000 feet in thickness, and abound in fossils generally distinct from those of the eastern strata. There is nothing in California answering to the Northern Drift of the countries bordering on the Atlantic. The molluscs of Dr. AntiselTs Survey were described by Mr. Conrad, pp. 189-196. He remarks that " the fossils of the Estrella Yalley and Sta. Inez Mountains are quite distinct from those of the Sta. Barbara beds, and bear a strong resem- blance to the existing Pacific fauna. The Miocene period is noted, both in the eastern and western beds, for the extraordinary development of Pecti- nidce, both in number, in size, and in the exemplification of typical ideas." It also appears to be peculiarly rich in Arcadce, which are now almost banished from that region, while they flourish further south. The large Amusium caurinum and the delicate Pecten hastatus of the Vancouver district, as well as the remarkable Janira dentata of the Gulf, may be regarded as a legacy to existing seas from the Miocene idea; otherwise the very few Pectinids which occur in collections along the whole West Coast of North America is a fact worthy of note. Mr. Conrad has " no doubt but that the Atlantic and Pacific oceans were connected at the Eocene period;" and the fossils here described afford strong evidence that the connexion existed during the Miocene epoch. All the species here enumerated (except Pecten deserti and " Anomia subcostata ") were believed to be distinct from those collected by the preceding naturalists. Dr. AntiseWs Californian Fossils. Page. Plate. Fig. 190. II. 1,2, Hinnites crassa, Conr. [?=1T. yigantea, Gray.] Sta. Mar- ti, err. typ.] garita. „ I. 1. Pecten Meekii, Conr. San Raphael Hills. „ Pecten deserti, Conr. Blake's Col., p. 15. Corrizo Creek. '„ III. 1. Pecten discus, Conr. Near Sta. Inez. 191. I. 2. Pecten mag nolia, Conr. [Probably = P. Jeffersonius, Say, Vir- ginia.] Near Sta. Inez. „ III. 2. Pecten altiplicatus, Conr. San Raphael Hills. „ III. 3, 4. Pallium Estrellanum, Conr. [JamraJ] Estrella. „ I. 3. Spondylus Estrellanus, Conr. \?Janira.~\ Estrella. 192. V. 3, 5. Tapes montana, Conr. San Buenaventura. „ VII. 1. Tapes Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. )} IV. 1, 2. Venus Pajaroana, Conr. Pajaro River. ;; IV. 3,4. Arcopagia unda, Conr. Shore of Sta. Barbara and Estrella. [Closely resembles A. biplicata ; ? — Lutricola alta.~\ „ VII. 4. Cyclas permacra, Conr. Sierra Monica. Resembles C. pan- duta, Conr.,=Zwcwa compressa, Lea. „ VI. 6. Cyclas Estrellana, Conr. Estrella. „ V. 1. Area Obispoana, Com-. San Luis Obispo. 193. V. 2, 4. Parliy desma Inezana, Conr. [Like P. crassatelloides."] Sta, Inez Mts. „ VI. 1, 2. Crassatella collina, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts. „ II. 3. Ostrea subjecta, Conr. "Maybe the young of O. Panzana." Sierra Monica. ,. II. 4. Ostrea Panzana, Conr. Panza, Estrella, and Gaviote Pas». H Dosinia alta, Conr. Salinas River. „ VII. 2. Dosinia lonaula, Conr. Salinas River. 194. VI. 4. Dosinia montana, Conr. Salinas River. „ VI. 5. Dosinia subobliqua, Conr. Salinas River. Alsa it small Vennsr a Natica, and a Pecten. M VIII. 2, 3. Mytilus Inezensis, Conr. Sta. Inez. n V. 6. Lutraria transmontana, Conr. Allied to L. papyria, Conr: Los Angeles ; also San Luis. 6 81 5C6 REPORT— 1863. Paje. Plate. Fig. 3. VI. 3. Axinea Barbaremis, Conr. Los Angeles. [?=mfermedt'us.] n VIL 3. ? Mactra Gabiotensis, Conr. Gaviote Pass. May be a tick* zodesma. Associated with Mytilus sp. and InfundibuluK Gabiotensis. n VII. 5. Glycimeris Estrellanus, Conr. Panza and Estrella VaUeys Allied to Panop&a reflexa, Say. [? = P. yenerosa, Old.]" 195. Perna montana, Conr. S.Buenaventura. Allied to P. ma.t'tllata „ VII. 3. Trochita costellata, Conr. Gaviote Pass. w VIII. 4. Turntella Inezana, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts. „ VIII. 5. Turritella variata, Conr. Sta. Inez Mts. ,. X. 5, 6. Natica Inezana, Conr. \?Lunatia Lemsii.~\ Sta. Inez Mts. As before, the fossils appear to be in very bad condition. The succeeding palaeontologists who have to identify from them are not to be envied. Theii principal value is to show what remains in store for future explorers. The extreme beauty of preservation in the fossils collected by Col. Jewett, rivalling those of the Paris Basin, and sometimes surpassing the conspecific living shells, makes us astonished that so large a staff of eminent men, employed by the Government, made such poor instalments of contribution to malacolo- gical science. The plan, too often followed, of remunerating naturalists, not according to the skilled labour they bestow, but according to the number ot " new species " they describe, is greatly to be deprecated. Further knowledge concerning the old species may be more important in scientific inquiries than the mere naming of new forms. It is generally a much harder task to per- form, and, therefore, more deserving of substantial as well as of honourable acknowledgment. 101. The shells collected on the North Pacific Railroad Survey were in- trusted to W. Cooper, Esq., of Hoboken, New Jersey, for description : Dr. Gould being occupied with preparing the diagnoses of the N. Pacific E. E. species. Judge Cooper was at that time the only naturalist in America known to be actively engaged in studying the marine shells of the West Coast, of which he has a remarkably valuable collection. He had rendered very valu- able service to the Smithsonian Institution by naming their specimens. Un- fortunately, there is such great difficulty even in New York city (of which Hoboken is a suburb) in obtaining access to typically named shells, AS well us to many necessary books *, that, notwithstanding the greatest care, errors of determination are almost sure to arise. The " Report upon the Mollusca collected on the Survey, by Wm. Cooper," forms No. 6 of the Appendix, pp. 369-386, and errata. (Unfortunately the * Both Judge Cooper and Dr. Lea informed me (1860) that they had not been able even to see a copy of the plates to the U. S. Expl. Exped. Mollusca. Through special favour, I was enabled to obtain a series of the proofs to work by. The Smithsonian Institution, though intrusted with the keeping of the collections, was not favoured with a copy until after the war began, when the whole series was granted by Congress. Judge Cooper had derived great assistance from the British Association Report, and has communicated many corrections iu it. In the alterations of synonymy, and in defining the limits of specific variation, I have had the benefit of his counsel and ex- perience; and have rarely felt compelled to differ from him. liaving himself collected extensively in the West Indies, he had excellent opportunities of comparing fresh specimens from the now separated oceans. I was fortunate enough to meet his son, Dr. J. G. Cooper, at the Smithsonian Institution, and to examine the types of the species he collected (which are here enumerated) with the advantage of his memory and knowledge. His later contributions to the malacology of \V. America will be afterwards enumerated: his valuable Treatise on the Forests and Trees of North America will be found in the Smithsonian Reports, 1858, pp. 240-280. 82 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 507 work had been carelessly printed.) It contains the following species, tho 1 )calities quoted in the text from other sources being here omitted : — oGU. Murex foliatus, Gmel., = 7J/. monodon, Esch. (Cerostoma). San Diego, ? fossil, Cassidy. 9J Murex festivus, Hds. Dead. San Diego, Cassidy. „ Triton Oregonensis, Redfield (non Jay/ nee Say) =71 cancellation, Midd., Rve., non Lam. Straits of De Fuca, Suckley, Gibbs, J. G. Cooper. 370. Clirysodomus antiquus, var. Behringiana, Midd., one specimen. Straits of Do Fuca, Suckley. [Comp. Chr. tabulatusJ] f) Chrysodomus Middendorffi-i, Coop., n. s.,= Tritonium decemcostatum, Midd. One specimen on the shore of Whidby's Island. Straits of De Fuca, J. G. Cooper. [ = JBuc. liratum, Mart. This being a remarkable instance of a "representative species," it requires to be minutely criticized. Judge Cooper compared his specimen with 130 eastern shells*, and noted the differ- ences with great fulness and accuracy. A series of Middendorff's Pacific shells having been brought to England by Mr. Damon, and sold at high prices, I made a searching comparison of one of them with the eastern specimens furnished me by Judge Cooper and other most trusty naturalists. According to the diagnosis of Middendoiffii, it should be referred to C. de- cemcostatus, Say, and not to the De Fuca species, as it agrees in all respects with the eastern peculiarities quoted, except that the riblets near the canal are rather more numerous and denned. As it might be suspected that Mr. Damon's shells were mixed, I have made a similar comparison with a shell from the N. W. coast, sent to the Smiths. Inst, by Mr. Pease, and with the same result. On examining the specimens in the Cumingian Collection, in company with A. Adams, Esq., we were both convinced that the eastern and western forms could not be separated. In the similar shells collected by Mr. Adams in the Japan seas there are remarkable variations in the de- tails of sculpture.] 371. CJirysodomm Sitchensis, Midd. ^—incisus, Gld., = cftr«s, Rve.]. Str. De Fuca, Suckley, Gibbs. „ Nassa mendica, Gld. Puget Sound, Suckley. „ Nassa Gibbsii, Coop., n. s. "Resembles N. trivittata more than N. mendica." Port Townsend, Puget Sound. [In a large series, neither Dr. Stimpson nor I were able to separate Cis species from N. mendica. Similar variations are common in British Nassce. Picked individuals from the Neeah Bay- series would probably be named triwttata, if mixed with eastern shells.] „ Purpura lactuca, Esch. , + M. fevqugineus, Esch., = P. septentrionalis, Rve. Puget Sound, Suckley, Gibbs; Shoalwater Bay, Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper. "Abounds on rocks and oyster-beds in Shoalwater Bay, the form and amount of rugosity depending on station. The oyster-eaters are smooth even when young." — J. G. C. G72. Purpura ostrina, Gld., = P. Freycinetii, Midd., non Desh. +P. decemcostata [Coop., non] Midd. Rocks above low- water mark ; from mouth of Hood's Canal to Str. Fuca ; Puget Sound, common, J. G. Cooper. „ Purpyra lapittus [Coop., non] Linn. [=P. saxicola, Val.] Str. De Fuca, Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. "Found with P. ostrma, and equally common." [Some varieties run into the New England form of P. lapilhis, sufficiently nearly to justify the identification ; but the bulk of the specimens are easily distinguished by the excavated columella, They pass by insensible grada- tions to P. ostrina, Gld., which is a rare and extreme variety. Many of the shells called P. Freycinetii by Midd. are certainly referable to this species. Some forms pass towards the true P. Freycinetii, Desh., while others are equally close to the very different P. emaryinata, Desh.] „ Purpura emarcfinata, Des'h., = P. Conradi, Nutt. MS. "Upper California," Trask -, San Diego, Trotcbridae. [This appears to be exclusively a southern form = saxicola, var.] „ Monoceros engonatum, Conr., = Jf. unicarinatum, Sby. San Pedro, Dr. Tra*k 873. Monoceros hipilloicles, Conr.,=J/.^w«cfrtfwH; Gray. San Pedro, Dr. Tra*k. 83 598 REPORT— 18C3. Fnge. 373. Columbella gausapata, Gld. Str. de Fuca, Sucklcy. „ Columbella valaa [Cooper, non] Gld. [ = Buccinum corrugatum, Rve.] Str. de Fuca, Suckley. „ Natica Leivisii, Gld.,=JV. herculea, Midd. Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper, Suck- ley. "Shell sometimes remarkably globose, sometimes with spire nmcli produced." W. C. "Abundant throughout the N.W. sounds, and col- lected in great numbers by the Indians for food. In summer it cravls above high-water mark to deposit its eggs " in the well-known sand-coils, which are "beautifully symmetrical, smooth, and perfect on both sides." — J.G.C. „ Potamis pullatus, Gld. A variable species. U. Cal., Trask. 374. Melania plicifera, Lea. Very common in rivers, W. T., J. G. Cooptr, „ Melania silicula, Gld. [ = one of the many vars. of M. plici/era, teste Lea], In rivers, W. T., Nisqually and Oregon, J. G. Cooper. „ Melania Shortaensis, Lea, MS. \_=Shastaensis) Lea]. Willopah River, J. G. Cooper. „ Amnicola Nuttalliana, Lea, Phil. Trans, pi. 26. f. 89. Columbia River, J. G. Cooper. „ Amnicola seminalis, Hds. U. Cal., Trask. [Belongs to Dr. Stimpson's new- genus, Flutmnicola.l „ Turritella Eschrichtii, Midd. [=£ittium Jilosum, Gld.]. Puget Sound, Sitct> ley, Gibbs. „ " Litorina rudis, Gld., Stn." [Cooper, non Mont.]. Shoalwater Bay, De Fuca, J. G. Cooper, Suckley, Gibbs. " Very abundant on the N.W. coast, where it presents the same varied appearances as our eastern shell." — W. C. [To an English eye, it appears quite distinct. L. rudis, Coop., with ,wi- tenebrosa, Midd., and modesta, Phil., are probably vars. of L. Sitkana, Phil., -L. sulcata, Gld.l „ Litorina scutulata, Gld. On rocks, from the head of Puget Sound to De Fuca, J. G. Cooper. „ Litorina planaxis, Nutt. [=£. patula, Gld.]. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell. 375. Tr chusjilosus, Wood,= T. ligatus, Gld.,= T. modestus, Midd. Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper] U. Cal., Trask. \=T. costatus, Mart.] „ 2rocftus Schantaricus [Coop., non] Midd. \_=zMarg. pupilla, Gld.., = M. calo- stoma, A. Ad.] Str. de Fuca, J. G. Cooper, abundant. „ Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Nootka Sound, Capt. Russell, teste Trask. „ HaKotis corrugata. San Diego, Cassidy. „ Ilaliotis splendens. San Diego, Cassidy. „ Haliotis rufescens. San Diego, Cassidy. „ Haliotis Cracherodii. (None of the rare var. Calif orniensis.} S. Diego, Cassidy. „ Fissurella nigropunctata, Sby. Two specimens sent by Dr. Trask as coming from Catalina Is., U. Cal. [Pimported]. „ Fissurella aspera}lEsch.,? = cratitia, Gld., ? = densiclathrata, live. \_=Lincolni, Gray. This is certainly Gould's species from type ; but Reeve's shell is southern, and appears distinct.] U. Cal., Lieut. Troivbridge. 376. Nacella instabilis. Acmcea pelta. Acmcea persona. Acmcea spectrum. Acmcea scabra. Acmcea ceruginosa. The few shells collected of this family are mostly imper- fect, but appear to belong to the species quoted : for the synonymy of which, reference is made to the Bri- tish Association Report. j Still fewer materials, among which the quoted species r. I were identified. [The " submarmoreus" both of Scurria mitra. Chiton muscosus. Chiton submarmoreus. Chiton tunicatus. T Midd. and Coop., may prove to be Tonicia lineataf Chiton lianosus. ) var.] Chiefly from Oregon. Helix fidelis, Gray,= Nuttalliana t Lea. Forests W. of Cascade Mountain, W. *T., J. G. Cooper. Helix Zownsetidiana, Lea. " Common in open prairies near the sea, but not near Puget Sound," W. T., J. G. Cooper. 84 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 5D9 Page. 376. Hdix Columbiana, Lea,=fo&zosa, Gld. "In wet meadows from Vancouver to the coast, not near Puget Sound," W. Tv J. G. Cooper. 877. Helix Fancouverensis, Lea \_+sportetta, Gld., teste Bland]. "West of Cas- cade Mountain ; most abundant under alder- gro ves j also on Whidby's Island," W. T., J. G. Cooper. „ IMiv devia, Gld.,=Basikervillei, Pfr. Two sp. in damp woods, near Van- couver, W. T., J. G. Cooper. ,, Hdix tudiculata, Binn. Rare, with the last, Vancouver ; also Washington Territory, J. G. Cooper. „ Succinea NuttaUiana, Lea. Rare and dead, at Vancouver, J. G. Cooper. „ Umax Columbianus, Gld. "Abundant in dense, damp spruce-forests, near Pacific coast; grows to 6 inches, and is smooth, not rugose, when living," J. G. Cooper. 878. Limncga umbrosa, Gld. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper. „ Limnaea emarginata, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper. „ Limmcajuguiaris, Say. Lake Oyosa, Okanagan River, J. G. Cooper. „ Physa elongata, Say. Near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. „ Physa heterostropka, Say. Ponds in W. T., J. G. Cooper. „ Physa bullata, Gld. MS. Lake Oyosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper. „ Ancylus caurinm, Coop., ?n.s. ["? = A. Nuttalli, Hold.," Coop. MS.] Black River, near Puget Sound, J. G. Cooper. „ Planorbis corpulentus, Say. Lake Oyosa, W. T., J. G. Cooper. „ Planorbis trivolvis, Say. Exceedingly abundant in shallow lakes near Van- couver, W. T., J. G. Cooper. „ Planorbis planulatus, Coop., n. s. "A small carinated species, found only in lakes on Whidby's Island," /. G. Cooper. [Comp. P. opcrcularis, Gld.] 379. Sulla nebulosa, Gld. Bav of S. Pedro, Trask. „ Sulla tenella, A. Ad., in Sby. Thes. pi. 134. f. 104 [?]. Puget Sound, one sp., Snckley. [?=Haminea hydatisJ] ff Ostrea edulis, Coop, [non Linn. :=O. lurida, Cpr.]. De Fuca and Puget Sound, Gibbs -, Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. "Small in Puget Sound; finer in Shoalwater Bay, which supplies S. Francisco market ; large at Vancouver's Island ; very large near mouth of Hood's Canal." „ \Placuri\anomia macroschisma, Desh. De Fuca, Gibbs', Nootka Sound, Copt. Russell. „ Pe?ten caurinus, Gld. De Fuca, Suckley. One of the specimens measures 2 } inches in circumference and 8 in. across. 830. Pecten rentricosus, $b\.,~\-tumidus, Sby. [= ?var. aquisulcatus, Cpr.]. Upper Cal., Trask\ San Diego, Cassidy. , Mytffus edulu, Ln. Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. " As abundant as in Europe and N. England, with the same variations, and when eaten occasionally causing urticaria." — J. G. Cooper. , Mytilm Cahforniamts, Conr. Puget Sound, Port Townsend, Stickley, Gibbs j Upper Cal, Trask. One specimen is 9£ inches long. n Modiola capax [Cooper, non] Conr. [ = Jf. modiolus, Ln.]. Not common. Str. de Fuca, Gibbs, Cooper. „ ModiolafiaMlata^ Gld. Puget S. and Str. de Fuca, Gibbs. [ = 3f. recta, var.] „ Lifhophaaus, sp. ind., like falcatus. [Probably Adula stylina, Cpr.] Rocks near mouth of Umpqua B-iver, Oregon, Dr. Vollum. 331. Area grandis, Coop, [non Brod. and Sby.,= A. multicostata, Sby.]. One sp. living. San Diego, Cassidy. n Marffaritana margariti/era, ~Le&, = Alasmodonta falcata, Gld. River Chehalis, &c., W. T., Cooper; Shasta River, Or., Trask. After careful comparison with eastern U. S. specimens, and those from Newfoundland and Europe, Judge Cooper agrees with Dr. Lea that the N.W. shells are at most a slight variety. " The most abundant of the freshwater bivalves, and the only one yet found in the Chehalis, the streams running into Puget Sound, and "most branches of the Columbia. No species is found in the streams running into Shoalwater Bay. Eaten by the Indians E. of the Cascade Mountains/' J. G. C, 85 600 KEPORT-— 1863. Page . 381. Anodonta angulata, Lea,+A feminalis, Old. Plentiful in Yaldma Hirer, W. T., Cooper. A series of specimens of var'ous ages leads Judge Cooper to endorse Dr. Lea's opinion of the identity of the two species. „ Anodonta Oregonensis, Lea. Rivers of W. T., Cooper. „ Anodonta Wahlamatensis, Lea. Lagoons in Sacramento River, Dr. Trash. 382. Cardium Nuttalli, Conr. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper; San Franc., Dr. Bigelow, Trask. "The most abundant clam of Shoalwater Bay, inhabiting sandy mud, a few inches below the surface. The Indians feel for them with a knife or sharp stick with great expertness. In July many come to the surface and die, f from the sun's heat. „ Cardium quadragenarium, Conr. One valve. San Luis Obispo, Dr. Antisell. „ Lucina Calif arnica, Conr. San Diego, Cassidy. )} Cyclas, sp. ind. Whidby's Island ; pools near Steilacoom, Cooper. „ Venu^ staminea, Conr.,+ Venerupis Petitii, Desh.,+ Venus rigida, Old. [pars], + Tapes diversa, Sby. Shoalwater Bay and Puget Sound, Cooper, Suck- ley ; San Francisco, Trask ; San Diego, Lieut. Trowbridgc. [To the above synonymy, by Judge Cooper, the large series of specimens in the Smithsonian Mus. compels an assent. He considers Tapes straminca, of Sby. Thes., to be a variety of V. histrionica, but it more probably = T. grata, as Dr. Gould appears to have considered it, having copied Sowerby's error. Conrad named it, not from the colour, as was supposed when quoting it as " straminea" but from the thread-like sculpture (teste Conr. ips.). Whatever be the form, colour, or sculpture of the shell, Judge Cooper remarks in all the same characters of teeth and hinge j we may add also, of the pallial sinus.] 883. Saxidomus Nuttallii [Coop., non] Conr.,+ Venerupis gigantea, Desh.,-f Vemts maxima, Phil. [?]. Near Copalux River, south of Shoalwater Bay, com- mon at Puget Sound, Cooper ; Bodegas, Cal., Trask. " Much superior to the Atlantic quahog as food, but called by the same name. Its station is in somewhat hard sand, near l.-w. mark,",/. G. C. [Judge Cooper regards all the Saxidomi of the coast, except S. aratus, as one species. The southern form, " with rough concentric striae and brown disc, is Conrad's species ; " others from Oregon are much smoother, without regular stri;e." The.-e are & squalidus, Desh. Dr. Cooper found " a fossil variety, in coast-banks 10 feet above sea-level, which is well figured in Midd. and (less distinctly) by Desh. A Californian specimen measures 4-8 in. across. " The fossils, through disintegration, often assume the aspect of Venus Kennerleyi, the former margins remaining as varical ridges, while the softer interstices have perished.] „ Venus lamellifera, Conr.,= Venerupis Cordieri, Desh. San Diego, Cassidy, 884. Lutraria maxima, Midd., — L. capax, Gld. [ = Schizotheerus Nuttalli, Conr.] Shoalwater Bay, Cooper. San Francisco, Trask. " Lives buried nearly 2 feet in hard sand, near 1. w. mark, its long siphons reaching the surface; also in many parts of Puget Sound up to near Olympia. It is excellent food, and a chief article of winter stores to the Indians, who string and smoke them in their lodges. Length, 7f in. The burrows are found in the cliffs, 10 fert above high water, with all the other Mollusca now living ; and two, not now found, were then common [viz. ?...]. The Indians have no tradition as to the elevation, and the ancient trees show no signs of the irregular upheavings which raised the former levels of low water, by successive stages, to a height now nearly 100 feet," J. G. C. „ Tellina nasuta, Conr. Common, from L. Cal. to the Arctic Seas. Shoal- water Bay, Cooper-, Puget Sound, SucJdcy; San Francisco, Trask. „ Tellina edentula [Cpr., Coop., not Brod. and S\>y., = Macoma secta, var. edulis, Nutt,]. Puget Sound, Gibbs. „ Tellina Bodegensis, lids. Shoalwater Bay, rare, Cooper; mouth of Umpqua River, Vollum. 885. Sanguinolaria Californiana, Conr. "Common at the mouth of the Columbia and other rivers, and high up salt-water creeks/' Cooper. \_ = inconspicua} Brod. and Sby.] 86 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 601 _ Solen sicarius, Gld. One dead shell, near Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Cooper. " Probably abundant on the mud-flats near the mouth of the Nisqually River," j. G. C. 9f Machcera patula, Portl. and Dix. (Coop, errata ; Nuttalli in text), = Solen maximus, Wood, non C\i?mn.,= Solecurtus Nuttallii, Com., = Macha;ra cos- tata, Midd., non Say. Washington Ter., Cooper. "Burrows a few inches from the surface, at the edge of the usual low tide ; is justly considered (except the oyster) the best of the many fine eatable molluscs of the coast. It is the only truly marine mollusc found near the Columbia River ; extends northwards wherever the beach is sandy, but not known in the Straits of de Fuca," J. G. C. 9t Mya cancellata, (Platyodon) , Conr. Dead valves, St. Luis Obispo, Dr, Antisell, „ Sph(snia California, (Cryptomyd), Conr. San Francisco, Trask. 886. MytiUmeria Nuttalli, Conr. A group, nestling in a white, friable, arenaceous substance, was obtained at San Diego by Lieut. Trowbridge. n Pholas [Pholadidea] penita, Conr., = P, concamerata, Desh. From worn rock which drifted into Shoal water Bay, attached to the roots of Macrocystis, the giant seaweed, Cooper ; De Fuca, Suckley; mouth of Umpqua River, Oregon, Dr. Vollum. The above list must be considered as a resume, not merely of the shells of the N. P. Railroad Survey, but also of all those examined by Judge Cooper, from the Smithsonian Museum and from his own private collection. It is pecu- liarly valuable as preserving the notes concerning station, &c., of the original explorers, and has therefore required a more lengthened analysis. The land-shells collected byDr. Newberry in the Pacific Railroad Survey were described by W. G. Binney, Esq., with his accustomed accuracy. His paper will be found in the Reports, vol. vi. pp. 111-114. The following are the only species enumerated : — 1. Helix Jidelis, Gray, Chem., Pfr., Rve., = ^T. Nuttalliana^ Lea, Binney, sen., De Kay. Portland, Oregon, Newberry. Local. 2. Helix infumata, Gld., Proc. Bost. N. H. S., Feb. 1855, p. 127. Hills near San Francisco, Newberry. Extremely rare. .3. Helix ceruginosa, Gld., var. /3. loc. cit. North of San Francisco, Newberry. Rare. 4. Helix Dupetithouarsi, jun., Desh., Chem., Pfr., Rve.,= jy. Oregonmsis, Lea, Pfr. San Francisco, Benicia, Cal. ; Klamath Lake, Oregon; Newberry. " One of the commonest and most widely distributed species of the Pacific region." 102. The U. S. Government also sent out a " North-west Boundary Com- mission," in charge of Archibald Campbell, Esq. The natural-history arrangements were superintended by the Smithsonian Inst., and Dr. C. B. R. Kennedy was appointed naturalist to the Expedition. At his request, I undertook to prepare a Report of the Mollusca, to be published and illustrated in a form corresponding to the Pacific Railroad Reports; Dr. Alcock kindly undertaking to dissect the animals, and Mr. Busk to examine the Polyzoa. Dr. Kennerly died on his return from a three years' exploration ; and the civil war has thus far delayed any further publication. The materials have, however, been thoroughly investigated. They consist principally of dredg- ings in Puget Sound. On reference to the maps published by the U. S. Coast Survey, it will be seen that this inland sea consists of a remarkable labyrinth of waters, fiord within fiord, and only indirectly connected with the currents of the Pacific Ocean. It might therefore be expected to furnish us with the species of quiet migration, and perhaps with those still living from a period of previous altered conditions. No doubt it will furnish new materials to reward the labours of many successsive naturalists. The pre- 87 602 REPORT— 1863. maturely closed investigations of Dr. Kennerley are only the beginning of a rich harvest. Dr. George Suckley, late assistant-surgeon of the U. S. army, was appointed to complete the natural-history work, after his lamented death. A complete list of the species collected will be found in the fifth column of the Vancouver and Californian table, v. infra, par. 112. The particulars of station, &c., and all the knowledge which the laborious explorer had col- lected, are lost to science. It is quite possible that some of the species here accredited to Puget Sound were obtained in neighbouring localities in the Straits of De Puca. The specimens are in beautifully fresh condition, and of most of them the animals were preserved in alcohol. The following are the shells first brought from the Vancouver district by the American N. W. Boundary Commission, the diagnoses of new species being (according to custom) first published in the Proceeding's of the Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia. No. 1. Zirphcea crispata. Two living specimens of this very characteristic Atlantic sp. 2. Saxicava pholadis. Several living specimens. 3. Sphania ovoidea, n. s. One sp. living. 4. Cryptomya Californica. Several living sp. 5. Thracia curta. One specimen. G. Mytilimeria Nuttallii. Three sp. living at base of test of Ascidian. [The animal appeared too peculiar to venture on a dissection. It has been entrusted to Dr. Alcock, of the Manchester Museum.] 7. Ne&ra pectinata, n. s. One sp. living. S. Kennerliafilosa, n. s. and n. subg1. Several living specimens. 9. Psammobia rubroradiata. One Afresh specimen of uniform tint. 10. Macoma (?v.) expansa. Adult broken ; young living. Belongs to a group of forms classed together by some writers under lata or proximo, but the cha- racters of the hinge and mantle-bend have not yet been sufficiently studied. 11. Macoma yoldiformis, n. s. One valve. 12. Angulus modestus, n. s., but closely allied to the eastern A. tener, Say. Two sp. living. 126. Angulus (?modestus, var.) obtusus. Several fresh specimens. 13. dementia subdiaphana, n. s. Very rare, living. Intermediate between de- mentia proper and the prora group of thin Callistee. 14. Psephis Lordi, Baird. Several living sp. from which the subg. was eliminated. 15. Venus Kennei'lyi, Rve. Very rare. One sp. living. Some of the shells called V. astartoides by Midd. may be the young of this. 16. Petricola carditoides. Several fresh specimens. 17. Astarte (? var.) compacta. One sp. living ; may hereafter be connected with A. compressa. 18. Serripes Grcenlandicus. Several young living specimens. 19. Lucina tenuisculpta, n. s. Two living specimens, of which one had the surface disintegrated. 20. Cryptodon serricatus, n. s. One living sp. 21. Kellia Laperousii. A few living specimens. 22. Kellia suborbicularis. A few living specimens. 23. Lasea rubra. One sp. living. 24. Pythina rugifera, n. s. Two living sp. Intermediate between Pytltina and Kellia. 25. Tellimya tumida, n. s. One sp. living. 26. Modiolaria lavigata. Two living sp. 27. Mo'diolaria marmorata. One sp. living. (A shell in the U. S. E. E. Col., though marked "Fiji" in Dr. Gould s MS. list, probably came from Puget Sound, being thus confirmed.) 28. Nucula tennis. Two sp. living*, 29. Acila castrensis. One sp. living. 30. Leda fossa, Baird. One normal sp. living. * These species were kindly determined by Mr. Hanley. 88 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 603 No. 31. Leda minuta, Linn. One sp. living*. 32. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Two sp. living*. 33. Yoldia amygdala. One sp. living*. 34. Haminea hydatis. Two sp. living. 35. 36. Two species of Tectibranchiates, not yet worked-out by Dr. Alcock. 37. Tornatina eximia, Baird. Abundant, living. 38. Cylichna (?var.) attonsa. One living sp. Probably a variety of cylindracea. 39. Dentalium rectius, n. s. Very rare, dead. 40. Acanthopleura scabra. One young living sp. 41. Mopalia Grayii, n. s. One living sp. 42. Mopalia Hindsii. One living sp. 43. Mopalia smuatan. s. Two sp. living. { A well.marked ^ ^ . 44. Mopaha tmporcata, n. s. Two sp. living, j 45. Ischnochiton ( Trachydermori) trifidus, n. s. One living sp. 46. Ischnochiton (Trachydermoti) flectens, n. s. One living sp. 47. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) retiporosus, n. s. One living sp. 48. Ischnochiton (Lfyidopkurus) Mertcnsii. Rare, living. 49. Lepeta ceecoides, n. s. Three sp. living. 50. Calliostoma varieyatum, n. s. One living sp. 61. Margarita ? Vahlii. Three sp. living, = M. pusilla, Jeffr., teste A. Ad. 516. Margarita (? v.) tenuisculpta. Perhaps a var. of Vahlii, but sculptured. Several living specimens. 62. Margarita lirulata, n. s. Several living specimens, forming a Darwinian group, of which var. «. wbelevata, var. j3. obsoleta, and ?var. y. conica might pass for species from single specimens. 53. Margarita infiata, n. s. Two sp. living. 54. Me?aUa lacteola, ?n. s. Two sp. living, but eroded. May prove a var. of lactea, but with different sculpture. 54J. Mesalia (?lacteola, var.) subplanata. Two sp. living, but eroded. 55. Lacuna vincta. One fresh specimen. 56. Rissoa compacta, n. s. Not uncommon, living. 57. Drillia incisa, n. s. Two fresh specimens. 08. Drillia cancellata, n. s. One adolescent specimen. 59. Mangelia levidensis, n. s. One fresh specimen. 60. Mangelia angulata\. One fresh specimen. 61. Bela excurvata, n. s. (Like Trevelyana.} One fresh specimen, 62. Chemnitzia (? v.) aurantia\. One fresh specimen. 63. Chemnitzia torquata\. Two fresh specimens. 64. Chemnitzia tridentata^. Two fresh specimens. 65. Eulima micans, n. s. One fresh specimen. 66. Velutina lavigata. Several fine living specimens. 67. Ocinebra interfossa. Rare, dead. 68. Nitidella Gouldift. Two living specimens, proving the genus. 69. Trophon multicostatus. Two fresh specimens. 70. Chrysodomm ?tabulatus, jun. One young sp. 71. Chrysodomus rectirostris, n. s. One living sp. 72; 73. Two species of Cephalopods, not yet affiliated. Besides adding more than 70 marine species to the Vancouver branch of the Californian fauna, from specimens in good condition, without a single bal- last or exotic admixture, the confirmation of many species, which before rested only on the uncertain testimony of the U. S. E. E. labels, and the affiliation of others which, on the same testimony, had been wrongly assigned to distant and erroneous localities, was no slight benefit to science. The land and freshwater species of the Expedition will be found tabulated, with others, in the separate lists ; par. 115. 103. While the American, naturalists were thus actively engaged in ex- f These species were first found by CoL Jewett at Sta, Barbara. Vide p. 537. 89 604 REPORT — 18G3. ploring the regions south of the political boundary, similar explorations, on a less extensive scale, were being made under the direction of the British Government. The naturalist to the British North American Boundary Com- mission, during the years 1858-1862, was J". K. Lord, Esq., F.Z.S. He made a very valuable collection of shells in Vancouver Island and British Columbia, the first series of which was presented to the British Museum. The new species were described by W. Baird*, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., in a paper com- municated to the Zool. Soc., and published in its ' Proceedings,' Feb. loth, 1863, pp. 66-70. — Another series of shells, from the same district, was pre- sented to the Brit. Mus. by the Lords of the Admiralty, collected by Dr. Lyall, of H. M. Ship * Plumper.' Two new species from this collection were described by Dr. Baird, in a separate paper, P. Z. 8., Feb. 10th, 1863, p. 71. The new species from Mr. Lord's collections have been drawn on stone by Sowerby. The figure-numbers here quoted correspond with the proof-copy kindly fur- nished by Dr. Baird. — A third series was collected by Dr. Forbes, R.N., in the same Expedition. After Mr. Cuming had made his own selections, this passed into the ordinary London market. It contained several species of peculiar interest. The following are the (supposed) new species of the Survey : — P.Z.S. Plate I. Page; No. Fig. 66 1 1. Chrysodomus tabulatus, Baird. One broken specimen, Esquimalt Harb., Vancouver Island, Lord. [One perfect shell, Neeah Bay, SwnnJ] . . 2 2. Vitularia aspera, Bd. Several living specimens, Esquimalt Ilarb., Vane. Island, Lord. [Belongs to a group of grooved muricoid Pur- purids, intermediate between Rhizockeilus and Ceroatoma, for which the submenus Ocinebra may be reconstituted. These shells are the rough form of Ocinebra hi-rida, Midd.] 07 3 3. Chemnitzia Jranco>rverensis, Bd. \_-torqnata, Gld.]. Esquimalt Havb., Vane. Island, Lord. From the crop of a pintail Duck. [The artist has failed to represent the peculiar character of the species, •which is, that the ribs end above the periphery, so that a smooth belt appears round the spire above the sutures.] .. 4 4. Amnicola Hindsii, Bd. Seven sp.. River Kootanie East; nine sp., Wigwam River, west slope of Rocky Mts., 4626 ft, high, Br. Col., Lord. Resembles Palitdma [Fhimimcola]seminalis, Hds. .. 5 5. Bullina ( Tornatina) eximia, Bd. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Lord. Alive in 12 fin. ; dead in Duck's stomach. [Not JBuUina, Add. Gen.] 68 6 6. Succinea Haivkinsii, Bd. Six sp. Lake Osoyoos, Brit. Col., Lord. 7 7. Limnaa Sttmassii^, Bd. Like L. elodes, Say. Plentiful. Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Brit. Col., Lord. [Extremely like L. palustris.'] 8 8. Physa Lordi, Bd. Plentiful. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Lord. [Larger than Ph. humerosa, Gld., and with strong columellar fold.] 69 9 9. Ancylus Kootaniensis, Bd. Six sp., River Kootanie East; five sp., River Spokane, British Columbia, Lord. * It is due to the memory of Dr. Kennerley, as well as to the other naturalists con- nected with the various American surveys, and the officers of the Smiths. Inst., who so generously entrusted to the writer their unique specimens for comparison with .the London museums, to state, that (with two exceptions) the new marine species of the British Survey would have been published long before the appearance of Dr. Baird's paper, but for the derangement of the U. S. natural-history publications, consequent on the secession movement. Although the Smithsonian Inst. had offered to present to the Brit. Mus. their first series of duplicate specimens from these expeditious, which was exhibited at the Manchester Meeting of. the Brit. Assoc., where this Report was called for, no notice was given to the writer of the valuable results of the British survey; and it was only through the private kindness of Drs, Sclater and Buird that he was prevented from adding to the list of &YUOI vuis, already, alas! so numerous and perplexing. f These species are named after places, not after persons, ae would be supposed by the terminations. q ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 605 P.7.S. Plate II. P..ge. No. Fig. 69 10 10. Chione Lordi, Bd. From a Duck's stomach. Plentiful. Esquimalt Hark, V. I., Lord, ,. 11 11. SpJicerium (Cyclas) tumidum, Bd. Plentiful. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, British Columbia, Lord. .. 12 12,13. Sphcerium {Cyclas) Spokanft, Bd. Two sp., River Spokane j two young sp., Kootanie River, British Columbia, Lord. [Closely re- lated to tumidum, but more delicate. ] 70 13 14. Lyonsia saxicola, Bd. Holes in rocks in Esquimalt Harb., V. I., Lord. Japan, teste A. Ad. Closely resembles L. navicula, Ad. and Rve. [Abundant, and very variable in outline, sometimes like Saxicava pholadis, sometimes like Mytilimeria. Neeah Bay, SwanJ] . . 14 15. Crassatella EsquimaUi^, Bd. One sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Lord. [A true Astarte, with external ligament, with one ant. lat. tooth in one valve, and one post. lat. tooth in the opposite, well developed. This character was noticed by J. Sby. in constituting the genus, but becomes obsolete in the typical species. The same peculiarity of margin is seen in Crassatella. The external rugae are singularly irregular, and not always continuous.! 71 15 Leda fossa, Bd. 10-15 fm. j one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. L, Li) all. [=£. foveata, Baird, MS., on tablet.] 71 16 Nucida jLyallii, Bd. 8-10 fm. ; one sp. Esquimalt Harb., V. I, Lyall. Resembles N. divaricata, Hds., N. castrensis, Hds., N. mirabilis, Ad. and Rve., and especially N. Cobbokhee from the Crag. [In the early stage, the sculpture has several angles, afterwards only one. Both Dr. Kennerley's and Dr. Lyall's specimens appear to be = Acila castrensis, Hds.] The Vancouver Collections having been deposited in separate drawers, except the series mounted for the table-cases, permission has been given (with the kind assistance of Dr. Baird) to examine them minutely, and pre- pare a revised list of the species. The marine shells will be found in the sixth column of the general Vancouver and Californian Table. The fol- lowing require special mention. No. 17. " Teredo Jimbriata" teste Jeffr. j out of block of wood from Nai-ni-mo Harb., V. I., Lord. Teredo. Shelly tube of large sp. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. 18. Netastoma Darwim'i. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One adult but injured speci- men. [For this singular Pholad, with duck-bill prolongations of the valves, a subgenus of Pholadidea is proposed, as its characters do not accord with Jouanettia, under which it is placed in the Cumingian Collection.] 19. " Saxicava ruf/osa." Several typical specimens ; Esquimalt Harb., Lord, taken out of interior of hard stone, into which they appear to have bored. 20. " Callista ?pannosa." Esquimalt Harb.; Lord. One young sp. [=sSaxidomtu squalidus, jun.] 21. " Tapes riyida" Esquimalt Harb., Lord, common. [An instructive series, some with very close and fine, others with distant, strong ribs. Some have ribs large and rounded, approaching the sculpture of Cardia. Some change suddenly from one form to another. = T. staminea, var. PetitiiJ] 22. u Cardiwn Calif orniense, Desh." 8-15 fm. Vancouver Is., Lyall. [=var blandum. Tablet contains also young sp. of C. corbis.l 23. uCardita ventricosa, Gld." 8-15 fm. Vane. Is., Lyall. [Not ventricose, exactly resembles the East Coast specimens of Ten. borealis dredged by Dr. Stimpson.] 24. "Anodonta cognata, Gld." [=A. Oreaonmsis, Lea.] Lake Osoyoos,Br. Col. Lord. Twosp. Also Freshwater Lake, Nootka Sound, Lyatt. ,: Anodonta ?Ore(/onensis, jun. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, V. L, Lord; one sp. 25. Anodonta ? Nuttalliana. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is., Lord; one,«p. Uo. Anodonta Wahlamatensis. Freshwater Lake, Nootka, Vane. Is,; L nlj four ep 91 606 REPORT— 1863. No 26. Anodonta ? Wahlamatensis, jun. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Brit. CoL, Lord; one specimen. 27. Anodonta angulata. Fort Colville, Columbia R.,Zor^; one specimen [irregu- lar and much eroded. The hing;e-line is waved and a false " tooth " pro- duced, in consequence of which it has been named] " Alasmodon" 28. " Pecten rubidm, Hds." Vane. Is., Lyall. [Hinds's type in Br. Mus. appears the ordinary form, of which P. hastatus= hericeus is the highly sculptured yar. This shell, which is more allied to Islandicus, may stand as P. Hindsii,~] 29. Hinnites giganteus. Island 3 miles above Cape Mudge, Lyall. 30. Ostrea lurida. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Dredged-up by Indians in small hand- nets with long handles, in 2-3 fm., on mud-flats. 31. " Placunanomia cepio, Gray." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. On island rock, between tide-marks. [=-?• macroschisma, smooth, hollow form.] 32. " Chiton (Plati/semtts) Wossmssenskii, Midd.,= C. Ilindsii, Rve." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One very fine specimen. [Quite distinct from Mopalia Hindsii (Gray) ; differs but slightly from M. muscosa, Gld.] 33. "Chiton ? Icevigatus" Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One specimen. \_=Ischno- chitonfactens. ] 34. " Chiton dentiens, Gld., ? = marginatus." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Two spe- cimens. [ = Ischnochiton psendodentiens. Not congeneric with the British Leptochiton cinereus=marginatusJ\ 35. Acmwa "mitella, Mke." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [Probably A. pelta, jun. Not sculptured, as is the tropical species.] 36. " Acmcea ? testudinalis, jun." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One young sp. [with extremely close fine striae ; colour in festoons of orange-brown pencilling on white ground. Might stand well for A. testudinalis, but probably = A. patina, var. pintadina.~\ 37. Margarita " costettata, Sby." Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [ = 3/. pupilla, Gld.] 38. Crepidula lingulata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Three young sp. [Apex smooth, imbedded, passing into the acukata type. The species probably = C. dorsata, Brod.] 39. (t Melania silicufa, Gld., ? = rudens, Rve." Attached to weeds and float'ng sticks in swift stream on prairie, at Nisqually, W. T., Lord. [ mpKeifera, small var.] 40. Priene Oregonensis. Port Neville, 6 fm., Lyall. [Very fine ; but opercula probably misplaced.] 41. " Nitidella*" gausapata, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. [A beautiful series of highly painted specimens. Operculum Nassoid, not Purpuroid ; therefore ranks' under Amy da. ] 42. tl Vitidaria lactuca." Vancouver's Island, Lyall. [A fine series of Pur pur a crispata and vars., among which is a lilac-tinted specimen.] 43. Purpura decemcostata, Vane. Is., Lyall. [ = canaliculata. Operc. as in Ocinebra lurida.'] 44. " Fusus Orpheus " [Bd., not] Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. Five sp., with crabs. [= Ocinebra interfossa, very fine.] 45. Trophon Orpheus, Gld. Esquimalt Harb., Lord. One fresh specimen. 46. Helix Townsendiana, very fine. Sumass Prairie, Fraser River, Lord. 46A. " Helix Townsendiana, small var." Fort Colville, Columbia R. ; also sum- mit of Rocky Mts., Lord. 47. Helix fidelis, typical, jun. and adult. Vane. Is., Lord. 476. Helix fidelis. Large but very pale var. Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord* 48. "Helix Thouarsii, jun." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. 49. "Helix labiata— Columbiana, var." Vancouver Is., Lord, [closely resembling H. rufescens']. 50. " Helix vellicata, Fbs." Sumass Prairie, Fraser R., Lord. [= Vancouverensis.] 61. Helix [like rotundatal. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Two specimens. 52. Zonites [like excavata\. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. One specimen. 53. Zonites [like electrina]. Fort Colville, Columbia R., Lord. Seven specimens. 51. Pupa, sp. ind. jun. Lake Osoyoos, British Columbia, Lord. One specimen. TGenus~not found before, north of California.] 92 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NO11TII AMERICA. COT No. 65. " Succinea rusticana, Gld." Sumass Prairie, Eraser B., Lord. [Scarcely to be distinguished from the European S. putris.~\ 06. "Planorbis corpulentus, Say." Lake Osoyoos; Syniakwateen; Marsh, Koo- tanie East, Brit. Col, Lord. 57. Planorbis ? subcrenatus, var. Snmass Prairie, Brit. Col., Lord. 58. " Limncea stagnalis" typical, fine, and abundant. Lake Osoyoos, Fraser B., Lord. 68. Limncea stagnalis^ long narrow spire, mouth swollen, closely fenestrated. Marshy stream, Syniakwateen, Lord. CS. "Limncea ?desidiosa, Say." Lake Osoyoos; three sp., Lord. [Exactly le- sembles a var. of the widely distributed L. cataracta, which was found in profusion in the Madison Lakes, Wise.] 60. "Limncea ?desidiosa, Say." Syniakwateen, Brit. Col., Lord. One sp. [Very turrited, whirls swollen; epidermis finely striated. The same species occurs as " L. megasoma, Say. Lake Osoyoos."] 61. (f Physa heterostropha, Say." Sumass Prairie, Fraser B. A variety from Lake Osoyoos, Lord. 62. Physa [probably young of Lordi, but with orange band inside labrum.] Koo- tanie R. East, "Brit. Col., Lord. One sp. Besides the shells preserved in the National Collection, the following species were also brought by the Expedition : — C3. Terebratula wiguiciduSj n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One adult specimen, Mus. Cum. [Extremely interesting as being the only sculptured species known recent. The young shells from California were naturally affiliated to Terebratella caput-serpentis by Messrs. Reeve and Ilanley ; but the adult has the loop similarly incomplete.] C4. Rhynconella psittacsa. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen, Mus. Cum. C5. Darina declivis, n. s. Vane. Is., Forbes. One specimen. [The only other species of Darina is from the West Coast of S. America.] C6. dementia svbdiaphana. Vane. Is., Forbes. One broken sp. 07. Saxidomus brevisiphonatus, n. s. This unique shell is marked "Vancouver Island " in Mr. Cuming's Collection, and is believed by him to have formed a part of Dr. Forbes's series. The shape resembles Ccdlista, without lunule. The mantle-bend is remarkably small for the genus. 68. Melania, n. s., teste Cuming. Vane. Is., Forbes. [Two specimens, with very fine spiral stria?, sent to Philadelphia for identification.] C9. Mesalia lacteola. Vane. Is., Forbes. One sp., Mus. Cum. 70. Pteropoda, several species, of which two are new, teste Cuming ; but they may have been collected on the voyage. Forbes. The collections made on the British Survey are peculiarly valuable to the student in consequence of the great perfection of the specimens. They have generally been obtained alive, and are often the finest known of their kinds. The occurrence, however, of a specimen of the tropical Orthalicus zebra, marked " Vancouver's Island," in Mr. Lord's collection*, is a useful lesson. When such reliable data are thus fonnd possessed of adventitious materials, it will not be regarded as a slight on the collections of the most careful naturalists when specimens are regarded as of doubtful geographical accuracy. In Dr. Lyall's collections there also occur specimens of the well-known Patella MageUanica and Trophon Magellanicus, duly marked " Vancouver's Island/' though no doubt collected in the passage round Cape Horn. The naturalists of the American Expl. Expeditions generally travelled across the continent. 104. The latest exploration undertaken for State purposes is also for our present object by far the most important, both as relates to the number of • Mr. Lord writes, " The fact of my having found this shell, alive, on Vancourer Island is beyond question. How it got "then* I do not pretend to say j it was very pos- sibly brought by some ship," 93 608 REPORT— 18C3. species authentically collected and the thoroughly competent and accurate manner in which the necessary information is being recorded. It is no longer left to the great nations bordering on the Atlantic to send exploring expe- ditions to the Pacific. The State of California, only born in 1850, has so rapidly attained maturity that when she was barely ten years old she con- sidered science a necessary part of her political constitution, and organized a " State Geological Survey," under the direction of Prof. Whitney. To this survey Dr. J. G. Cooper (whose collections for the Pacific Railway Explora- tions have already been reported, vide pp. 597-601) was appointed zoologist, and Mr. \V. M. Gabb (formerly of Philadelphia) paleontologist. The friendly relations established with both these gentlemen at the Smithsonian Institu- tion not only put them in possession of the special desiderata on the present branch of inquiry, but have resulted in unreserved interchange of facts and opinions, by means of which a large instalment of the malacological results of the Survey can be embodied in this Report. Dr. Cooper has not only ex- plored the whole coast and the neighbouring islands from Monterey to San Diego, but has dredged extensively from shoal-water to 120 fathoms, keeping accurate lists of all acquisitions from each locality. Having an artist's pencil as well as a naturalist's eye, he has drawn the animals from life, and already subjected many of them to dissection. The war has to some extent suspended the operations of the survey; but it is confidently expected that the State will do justice to herself by issuing, with suitable illustrations, the full results of her officers' labours. The first public notice of the mol- luscs appears in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N.S., Nov. 3rd, 1862, pp. 202-207. Here Dr. Cooper, speaking of the new species, writes with a modesty which is not always credited to American naturalists by Europeans, — "As they may have been collected either by the N.W. Boundary Survey or at Cape St. Lucas, it has been considered safest, in order to avoid confusion, to send specimens or drawings of them to [the writer], that he may compare them with the above collections, and decide whether they are really new." He gives valid reasons, however, for describing the following soft Mollusca. Unfortunately for French and German naturalists, the diagnoses are in English only. Page. 20'2. Strategic (n. g.) imrmis, n. s. More highly organized than any other genus of Opisthobranchiata ; creeps slowly among the grasses in the muddy parts of San Diego Bay, looking like a large caterpillar. Not uncommon. 203. Pletirophyllidia Californica, n. s. Closely resembles P. lineata of S. Europe. " From the distance of locality there can, however, be no identity of species." [?] Numerous in Dec., crawling and bun-owing on sandy flats in San Diego Bay; none in Jan., after the floods. [Dr. Cooper writes that the body of fresh water was so great in some places as to kill the marine molluscs for a considerable distance beyond the estuaries, and thus mate- rially alter the pre-existent fauna.] 204. Doris Monterey ensis, n. s., 6-10 fm., adhering to sandstone. Monterey Bay, very rare. Small specimens in San Francisco Bay, Frick. 204. Doris (Asteronotus) sanguined, n. s. Under stones in San Diego Bay ; rare. 204. Doris (? Asteronotus) alabastrina, n. s. Under stones in S. Diego Bay. One sp. 204. Doris (? Actinocyclus) Sandiegensis, n. s. Very active among grass on mud- flats near low- water mark, San Diego Bay ; common before the flood. 205. jEolis (? Flabdlina) opalescens, n. s. Common among grass in San Diego Bay. 205. Atolis (? Phidutna) iodinea, n. s. Among algae on rocks outside San Diego Bay. 207. Tritonia Palmeri, n. s. San Diego, common " in same localities as the Di- phyttidia. Named after Mr. Edward Palmer, a zealous naturalist, who assisted me while at San Diego." 94 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NOETH AMERICA. €09 Dr. Cooper's second paper " On New or Rare Mollusca inhabiting the Coast of California," in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., Aug. 17, 1863, contains (English) descriptions of the following species. He observes that " Santa Barbara and tianta Barbara Island are very different in the groups of animals inhabiting them, although the island is only thirty-five miles from the mainland. Catatina Island is twenty-four miles from the mainland, and the molluscs are very different from both the mainland and the other islands, being the richest locality on our shores." Page. 57. Aplysia Calif ornica, Cp. ; for which is constituted a subgemis, Neaplysia ; 15 inches by 5*. Three specimens j San Pedro beach, after storm j stomach full of algae. Fig. 14. 68. NacarchiWf Cp. Pr. Cal. Ac., Apr. 1863. „ Navarclms inermis, Cp.,= Strategus i., Cp., anted. Catalina Island, 10 fms., in seaweed. 1 specimen. „ Doris albopunctata, Cp. Santa Barbara, 20 fm., rocky bottom. Catalina Island, rocks, 1. w. „ Doris Monterey ensis, Cp. Santa Barbara Island, rocks, 1. w. „ Doris sanguined, Cp. 4 sp. with the last. " Stellate structure not discovered." „ Doris Sandiegensisy Cp. 2 sp., with the last. " All these species belong to Doris, typical." 69. Triopa Catalince^, Cp. 4 sp., on algae among rocks, 1. w. Catalina Island. „ Dendronotus iris, Cp. Several sp. thrown on beach by storm, Santa Barbara; 1 sp. dredged on seaweed, 28 fm. Verv variable in colour. ? — "Dendrono- tus, sp.," aid., E. E. Moll. „ sEolis fiarbarensis, Cp. 1 sp., 16 fm., rocky bottom, Santa Barbara. CO. Flabettina opaleseens, Cip.,=sEolis o., Cp., antea. "With the last: also shore of Santa Barbara Island, rare. „ Phidania iodinca, G]).,=JEolis i., Cp., anted. Santa Barbara, beach, 1 sp. „ Chiorcera leonina, Gld. 1 sp., in 20 fm. Santa Barbara. Sept. 7th, 1863. Dr. Cooper described a very interesting new genus of Pulmonates, only found at the head of one ravine in Santa Barbara Island, with " myriads of Helix Kellettii [ = #. Tryoni, v. note *, p. 116], and two other species, probably new." Full particulars of its habits are given. It has the mantle of Limax, dentition of Heliddce, and shell resembling Daude- bardia and Homalony.v \_ = 0malonyx, D'Orb.]. 62, 63. Binneya notabilis, Cp. 3 living and 18 dead shells. Fig. 15 (five views). Jan. 18th, 1864. The remaining land-shells of the Survey were described (with Latin diagnoses) by Dr. Newcomb, in a paper communicated to the Academy by Dr. Cooper. Specimens of many of them will be found in the Cumingian Collection. 116. ILlix Tryoni, Newc. Santa Barbara and S. Nicholas Islands, abundant ; living. " = H. Kellettii, Cp., p. 63." „ Helix crebristriata, Newc. San Clemente Island ; abundant. " Closely allied to JFL intercisa, and very variable." 117. Helix rufocincta, Newc. Catalina Island, asstivating under stones; rare. S. Diego ; 1 dead sp. Outline like H. Pytyonesica : umbilicus open or nearly closed. „ Helix Gabbii, Newc. San Clemente Isl. 1 sp., like H. facia. 118. Helix facta, Newc. Santa Barbara Isl., very common • San Nicholas Isl., rare. Somewhat like H. Rothi. „ Helix Whitneyi, Newc. Near Lake Taho, Sierra Nevada, 6100 feet high. 3 sp. under bark, near stream, with H. Breweri and H. chersina. Resembles H. driatella. * Molluscs, as well as trees, assume giant proportions in California : e. g. Schizotkcerus (with siphons) 16 in., Amusium 8 in., Lunatia (crawling) 10 in., Mytilus 9 in., &c. t Vide note t, p. 604. 1863. 610 REPORT— 1863. 118. Helix Breweri, Newc. Near Lake Talio ; 8 sp. (Also 1 sp. from mountains in Northern California, Prof. Brewer.) Like H. arborea. „ Helix Duranti. Newc. Santa Barbara Isl. " Like Planorbis albus=hirsutus. Gld." Dr. Newcomb also identified the following species in the State Collection : — 119. Helix arrosa, Gld. Common near mouth of S. Francisco Bay. „ Helix arrosa, yellow var. Santa Cruz, Rowell. „ Helix ? Calif omiensis, Lea, or fNickliniana, Lea; var., Cooler. „ Helix Carpenteri, Newc. Broken dead shell, head of S. Joaquin Valley, Galb. „ Helix Columbiana, Lea. Near S. Francisco. „ Helix chersina, Say. Very large, near Lake Taho, Cooper. „ Helix Thouarsii, Desh. Pt. Cypress, Monterey, Cooper. „ Helix exarata, Pfr. Mt. Diablo, Brewer ; Santa Cruz, Rowell. „ Helix fidelis, Gray. Humboidt Bay and mountains, lat. 42°, Brewer. Black var., Fnck. „ Helix infumata, Gld. Near Ballenas Bay, Rowell. „ Helix Kelkttii, Fbs. S. Diego, Catalina Isl., fine var., Cooper. „ Helix loricata, Gld. Near Oakland, Newcomb. „ Helix Newberryana, Bin. Temescal Mountains, near Los Angeles, Brewer. „ Helix Nickliniana, Lea. Common near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper. >y Helix sportella, Gld. Near S. Francisco Bay, Cooper. „ Helix Mormonum, Pfr. San Joaquin Valley, Gabb ; north to Mt. Shasta, Brewer. „ Helix Traskii, Newc. Mountains near Santa Barbara, Brewer. May be = 12. Thouarsii, var. „ Helix tudiculata, Bin. Near S. Diego and S. Pedro, Cooper. „ Helix Vancouver ensis, Lea. De Fuca, Gabb : perhaps extends south to Ilum- • boldtBay. Dr. Palmer sent a valuable consignment of shells collected by him between San Diego and S. Pedro to the Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Cooper obtained permission to send the first series of duplicates, duly numbered, for identi- fication, to the Smithsonian Institution. This invaluable series was lost in the "Golden Gate/' The gold was recovered, and much of it stolen ; the far more precious shells remain, unnaturally located, in their native element — a puzzle, perhaps, to palaeontologists in some coming age. Other series, though not so complete, have since been received in safety; and through the libe- rality of the Californian Survey and of the Smithsonian Institution, as well as through the energy and kindness of Dr. Cooper, they are already being dis- tributed to the Cumingian Collection, the British Museum, the museums at Cambridge, Mass., Philadelphia, Albany, Montreal, &c., as well as to the col- lections of working naturalists. The stations being now discovered, it is to be hoped that in a few years Californian shells will cease to be objects of great rarity in this country. At the request of Dr. Cooper, in order that he might proceed with other departments of his labours, all the new species which have been seen in England have been described in conjunction with those from other sources. On those which are only known here by the beautiful drawings sent by the collector, it would be unsafe and premature to impose a name. The diagnoses are being published in the Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S., and should be accredited to the zealous zoologist of the Survey, rather than to the mere artist-in- words who endeavours to represent their forms to the reader. It will be understood that the lists now to be presented, though corrected to the date of going to press, are still incomplete; and that the information has been 96 ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 611 compiled from Dr. Cooper's letters received at different times, without oppor- tunity for his revision. Should errors, however, have escaped detection, they will, no doubt, be corrected, and omissions supplied, in the forthcoming Re- ports of the Survey. The species either new to science, or now first found in the Calif ornian branch of the fauna, are as follows : — No. 1. Defrancia intricata. S. Diego, on Phasianella compta, &c. Maz. Cat., no. 13. 2. Terebratula unguiculus. Monterey to S. Diego : young shells in 6-20 fin. : not rare. 3. Terebratella ?caurina. Catalina Is., 80 fin. ; living; rare. 4. Waldheimia Grayi. Catalina Is., 120 fin. 5. Zirphcea crispata. Fragments from S. Diego appear (very unexpectedly) to belong to this northern species. 6. Corbula luteola, n.s. S. Pedro — S. Diego ; common near shore. 7. Necera pectinata. Santa Barb., Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Puget Sd., Kennerley). 8. Kennerlia bicarinata, n.s. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. ; rare^ 9. Entodesma inflata, Conr., = diaphana, Cpr. Near S. Diego ; 1 valve (Palmer), 10. Plectodon scaber, n.g. and n.s. Cat. Is. j 2 similar valves, 40-60 fm. 11. Macoma inquinata. S. Francisco j rare. 12. Macoma yoldiformis. S. Diego. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 13. Macoma indentata, n.s. S. Diego. 14. Angidus variegatus, n.s. Mont., Cat. Is., 20-60 fin. ; rare. (Neeah Bay, Swan.) 15. Arcopagia lamellata. S. Diego. =Maz. Cat., no. 58. 16. (Edalia ( Cooperella) scintilla formis, n. subg., n.s. S. Diego. Santa Barbara Is. 17. Semele rupium. Catalina Is. ; not rare. (Also Galapagos.) 18. Semele pulchra. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco.) 19. Semele incongrua, n.s. Catalina Is., 40-60 fin. ; common. 20. Psepnis salmonea, n.s. S. Diego, Cat. Is., 30-40 fin. j rare. 21. Psephis Lordi. Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. ; common. (Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 22. ?Astarte ftuctuata, n.s. Cat. Is. j 2 similar valves ; 40 fin. (Very like the Crag fossil, A. omaria, jun. ; but Dr. Cooper considers it a Crassatella.) 23. Venericardia borealis. Cat. Is., 120 fm. The typical, flat New England form. The small swollen var.,= V. ventricosa, Gld!, is also found at Cat. Is., in 30-40 fm. 24. Miodon prolongatus. (Neeah Bay, Swan.) Identified from tracing- only. 25. Trapezium. One extremely young sp.= Maz. Cat., no. 120 (not like T. Du- perryi). S. Diego. 26. Chama ?spinosa. S. Diego. (One young valve sent.) 27. Cardium (?modestum, var.) centifilosum. Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. [The differences between this and the Eastern Pacific shell are probably only varietal.] 28. Hemicardium Uangidatum. Cat. Is., living in 10-20 fm. (Also Acapulco, Panama.) 29. Liocardium elatum. S. Diego ; very large (Maz. Cat., no. 124). 30. Lucina tenuisculpta. S. Diego, living in 4fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) Var., dead in 120 fm., Cat. Is. (approaching L. Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat., no. 144). 31. Lucina borealis. Cat. Island, 120 fin. " =Z. acutelirata, Conr., foss. E. E." [Exactly agrees with British examples.] 32. Cryptodonflexuosus. Cat. Is., 120 fm. Ditto. 33. Kellia suborbicidaris. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 30-40 fm. Ditto. 34. Kellia (var.) Cliironii. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.) 35. Lasea rubra. Cat. Is., shore (typical). 36. Leptoh meroeum, n.s. S. Diego. 37. Tellimya tumida. S. Diego. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 38. Pristes oblongus, n.g., n.s. S. Diego. 39. Crenella decusmta. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm. j not rare. (The ordinary British, not the New England form.) 40. Barbatia gradata. S. Diego ; Maz. Cat., no. 104. 41. Axinaia intermedia. Monterey — S. Diego, Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. [Scarcely differs from the South American shell. It is the A. Barbarensis, Conr., of Pac. R. R. fossils, teste Cooper."} 7 97 612 REPORT — 18G3. 4± Acila casti-enns. Cat. Is., 40-60 fm. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 43. Leda cuneata, teste Hani. Mont. — S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 10-60 fm. 44. Leda hamata, n.s. Santa Barbara ; Cat. Is., 20-60 fm. ; common. 45. Verticordia ornata, D'Orb. Santa Barbara j Cat. Is., 20-40 fm. [Exactly ac- cords with the Japanese species, novemcostata, teste A. Adams.] 46. Bri/ophila setosa. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.) Identified from tracing, no. 980. 47. Lima oriental-is (in Mus. Cum., = dehiscens, Conr., teste Cooper). Mont. — San Diego ; Cat. Is., beach to 20 fm. ; common. 48. Limatida subauriculata. 40-120 fm., Cat. Is. ; not rare : 1 valve in 4 fm., San Diego. [Exactly agrees with British specimens.] 49. Janira dentata. Monterey, S. Diego, beach to 20 fm. (Also Cape St. Lucas, 50. Cavolina telemus. Cat. Is. ; dead in 30-60 fm. (Also Vancouver, Lyall.) 61. Tornatina carinata. S. Diego. (Also Mazatlan, Reu/en.) 62. Pedipes liratm. S. Diego. (Also Cape St. Lucas, Xantus.) 63. Dentalium (var.) I-ndianorum. Mont. — Cat. Is., 20 fm. ; common. [Probably a striated var. of pretiosum, which Sowerby doubtfully, and Dr. Baird con- fidently, affiliate to D. entale.~\ 54. Dentalium semipolitum. S. Diego. (Also La Paz.) 55. Dentalium hexagonum. S. Diego. (Also W. Mexico.) 56. Acanihochites avicula, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fin. j rare. 67. Acanthnpleurajluxa, n.s. Cat. Is. 68. Ischnochiton veredentiens, n.s. Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 69. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) pectinatus, n.s. Cat. Is., beach. 60. Ischnochiton (Lepidopleurus) scabricostatus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 61. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) pseudodentiens. S.Diego. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 62. Ischnochiton (Trachydermon) gothtcus, n.s. Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 63. Leptochiton nexus, n.s. Cat. Is., 20-80 fm. 64. Nacella (?paleacea, var.) triangularis. Monterey. 65. ? Nacella subspiralis. Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. [May be the young of the long-lost Patella calyptra, Mart. ; unless that be a broken Crepidula atiunca.~\ 66. Scurria (? var.) funicidala. Monterey ; rare. 67. Puncturella cucullata. Monterey. (Also Puget Sound, U. S. E. E.) 68. Puncturella Cooperi, n.s. Cat. Is., 30-120 fm. j not rare. 69. ?Imperator serratus, ??n.s. Monterey; Cat. Is., 10-20 fin. [Dr. Cooper thinks this shell probably the young of Pomaulax^] 70. ?Leptonyx bacula, n.s. Cat. Is., beach, dead. 71. Gibbula optabilis, n.s. S. Diego. 72. Calliostoma supragranosum, n.s. S. Diego. 73. Calliostoma gemmulatum, n.s. S. Diego. 74. Calliostoma splendens, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm. 75. Margarita (?var.) salmonea. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 6-40 fm. [Intermediate be- tween undulata and papilla.'] 76. Margarita acuticostata. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara, Jewett.] 77. Solariella peramabilis, ?n.s. Cat. Is., 40-120 fm. ; living. [Difiers but slightly from 8. aspecta, Japan, A. Ad.~] ; 78. Ethalia supravallata, n.s., and ?var. invattata. S. Diego. 79. Liotia fenestrata, n.s. Cat. Is., beach to 40 fm. ; dead. 80. Liotia acuticostata, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 81. Crepidula excavata, var. jun. Santa Barbara Island. 82. Galerus contortus, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego, 20-40 fm. 83. Jlipponyx serratus. Santa Barbara Island ; 1 sp. Maz. Cat., no. 840. 84. Ctecum crebricinctum, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego ; Cat. Is., 8-20 fm. 85. Cescum Cooperi, n.s. S. Diego. [Two fine species of the Anellum group.] 86. Turritella Cooperi, ?n.s. S. Diego j Cat. Is. ; common. [May prove identical with one of Conrad's imperfectly described fossils in P. R. E. E.] 87. Mesalia tenuisctdpta, n.s. S. Diego j shoal water. 98 ON MOLLTTSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 613 Ko. 88. Bittium armittatum. S. Diego. [Fossil, Santa Barbara, Jeivett."] 89. Bittium asperum. S. Diego ; Cat. Is., teach to 40 fm. [Fossil, Santa Barbara. Jeivett.~] 90. Isapis fenestrata, n.s. S. Diego. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.) 91. Isapis obtusa, n.s. Mont. — S. Diego j Cat. Is., 10-20 fm. 92. Rissoina interfossa, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., 8-10 fm. 93. Rissoa acutehrata, n.s. S. Diego *. 94. Fenella pupoidea, n.s. Mont., 20 fm. ; rare. i 95. ?Amphithalamus lacunatus, n.s. S. Diego. 1 immature specimen. 96. Diala acuta, n.s. Mont. ; Cat. Is., beach to 10 fin. 97. Diala marmorea, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego j very rare. 98. Styliferina turrita, n.s. S. Diego. 99. Jeffreysia translucens, n.s. S. Diego. 100. Cythna albida, n.s. S. Diego. 101. Trivia Solandri. Santa Barbara and St. Nicholas Is. ; common. 102. Obeliscus ?variegatus. S. Diego. (Also La Paz; Cape St. Lucas.) 103. Chrysallida pumila, n.s. S. Diego ; Cat. Is. 104. Chrysallida cincta, n.s. Sta. Barbara Is. j very rare. 105. Chemnitzia chocolata, n.s. S. Diego. 106. Chemnitzia (?tenuicula, var.) subcuspidata. S. Diego. 107. Eulima micans, n.s. S. Diego. Cat. Is., 30-40 fin. (Also Puget Sound, Kennerley.) 108. Eulima compacta, ?n.s. S. Diego. [ i Dr. Cooper has not decided whether 109. Eulima rutila, ?n.s. Monterey, j j these be distinct species. 110. Scalaria bettastriata, n.s. Monterey. 111. Scalaria subcoronata, n.s. Monterey. 112. Scalaria crcbricostata, n.s. Monterey, S. Diego. 113. Scalaria ?Cumingii. S. Diego. 114. Scalaria ?Indianorum, var. S. Diego. [Probably conspecific with the Van- couver shells.] 115. Opalia borealis. Farallones Is. (Also Neeah Bay, Swan.) 116. Opalia spongiosa, n.s. Monterey. 117. Opalia retiporosa, n.s. Cat. Is.,' rare and dead in 40 fm. 118. Cerithiopsis columna, n.s. Monterey. 119. Cerithiopsis assimilata. Cat. Is. = Maz. Cat., no. 563. 120. Triforis ?adversa. Cat. Is., 10-40 fm., very rare. [The specimens sent can- not be distinguished from the Herm shells.] 121. Priene Oreaonensis. "Comes south to Monterey/' 122. Nassa insculpta} n.s. Cat. Is., living in 40 fm., rare. 123. Amycla undata, n.s. Cat. Is., not rare in 40 fin. 124. Amycla chrysalloidea, n.s. S. Diego, shoal water. 125. Anachis suUurrita, n.s. S. Diego. 126. Trophon triangulatus, Pn.s. Cat. Is., 60 fm. [Resembles the young oi? Murtx centrifugusJ] 127. Argonauta argo. " Hundreds on beach at Sta. Cruz Is." 128. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. San Clemente Is. 129. Onychoteuthis fusiformisy Gabb. San Clemente Is. 130. Ommastrephes gic/anteus, D'Orb. San Clemente Is. 131. Ommastrephes Ayresii, Gabb. San Clemente Is. "Hundreds on the beach.'1' Besides the above, several species are now satisfactorily assigned to the fauna, the evidence for which was before considered doubtful. Such are — 132. Waldheimia Calif orniccij Koch [non a,uct.,=globosa, Patagonia]. 120 fm. Catalina Is. 133. Clidiophora punctata. S. Diego to Sta. Cruz ; valves common, but rare living. 134. 135. Standella Calif ornica, planulata, et ?nasuta. Conrad's types being lost, and his species imperfectly described from very young specimens, a difficulty * Most of the minute shells from S. Diego, quoted without station, were found in the ehell-washings of the consignments from Dr. Cooper and Dr. Palmer. 99 614 IIEPORT— 1863. B» attends their identification. Dr. Cooper found very large valves (resembBriff Schizothcerits) in abundance, but much deformed by the entrance of sand, and apparently killed by the fresh waters of the great flood. The large shells belong to two very distinct species, which are probably those of Conrad ; among the small shells is perhaps a third, which may be Dr. Gould's sup- pressed nasitta. 136. Raeta undulata. This remarkable reverse of the Atlantic R. canaliculata is also confirmed by rare valves from the S. Diegan district. It is not con- generic with Harvella elegans, to which it bears but a slight external resem- blance. 137. lapes tenerrima. Large dead valves of this very distinct species were found with the Standellce, and confirm Col. Jewett's young shells described as from Panama. 138. Pecten paucicostatus. Sta. Barbara Is. [Described from Col. Jewett's valves.] 139. Bulla Quoyii. S. Diego. Maz. Cat. no. 226. 140. Tnmcatella Californica. S. Diego. 141. Acmfea rosacea. Monterey to S. Diego. This shell is named pileolus, Midd., in Mus. Cuming, but does not agree with the diagnosis. It can hardly be distinguished from Herm specimens of A. virginea. It was first brought by Col. Jewett, but referred to Panama. 142. Ampliithalamus inclusus. S. Diego. [Several specimens of this minute but remarkable new genus confirm a solitary shell in Col. Jewett's mixed collections.] 143. Myurella simplex. Very variable in sculpture, as befits the species which forms the northern limit of a group common between the tropics. Col. Jewett's shell was in poor condition, and supposed to be the young of a Gulf species. 144. Voharina varia. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [Sta. Barbara, Jewett ; also C. S. Lucas.] 145. Nassa Coopcri, Fbs. S. Diego, Cat. Is. [This Kellettian shell has a double right to its name, now that Dr. Cooper has ascertained its habitat.] The information on station, &c., which Dr. Cooper has sent with regard to previously known species, will be found incorporated in the general table of the fauna. The following notes, extracted from his letters, are too valuable to be omitted : — Haliotis Cahforniensis. " This form is so rare that I think it only a var. of Cracherodii" Haliotis. Several specimens from the Farallones present characters inter- mediate between corrugata, rufescens, and Kamtschatkana. It is not yet ascertained whether they are hybrids or a distinct species. " Livona picoides I have not found, though I have seen fresh ones from Pt. Conception." " ?Serpulorbis squamigerus. Common south of Pt. Conception; has no operculum." [The young begins like V. artettum, Mb'rch.] Macron lividm. Point Loma, S. Pedro, common ; extends northwards to the Farallones. [ = Planaxis niaritella, Newcomb, MB.; non auct.] tl Olivella semistriata, Gray, fide Newc., is a species found N. of Monterey onlv." [As Dr. Gray's species is from Panama, that of Newcomb is probably O bcetica.'] "Nassa interstriata, Conr., foss. (?= N. paupera, Gld.) ; resembles N. fossata, Gld. (=J3. ekgans, Rve.*), but distinct. Common south from Sta. Barbara." [Probably —N. perpinguis, Hds. N. paupera is quite distinct, = N. striata, C. B. Ad., teste Cuming.] t{ Fissurella wolacea I have seen from Catalina Is." [Esch.'s shell is generally considered S. American. ? May Dr. Cooper's be a form of volcano. .] Acmcea. With regard to limpets and other variable shells, Dr. C. writes :— a From my examination of large numbers of specimens, I am more and more compelled to believe that hybrids are very frequent between allied * 2iassa elegan* was first published, by J. Sowerby, in the Min. Conch. 1824. 100 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 615 species, and that the comparatively few links that are met-with in large series of two forms should not be allowed to unite them, hut be considered as hybrids." Lunatia Lewisii. Abundant on beach. [One sp. measures 5f in., and the animal of a much smaller one (4 in.) is 11 inches long.] Ostrea. " The same species throughout to S. Franc. : S. Diego," Cooper. [Be- sides the typical northern shell, O. lurida, are well-marked Pvars. laticaudataj rufoides, and expansa.~] There are also several species which are quoted in Dr. Cooper's letters, or appear from his sketches to be quite distinct, or at least new to the fauna : but they have not yet been sent for identification. Among these the following are the most important. The MS. numbers refer to the tracings which Dr. Cooper kindly copied from his original drawings. Where a " — " appears, the information is derived from his letters only. MS. No. 402. Allied to ?Thracia. — Cyathodonta, probably plicata, Desh. (Cape St. Lucas, Xantus). 6200. Figure accords exactly with Venus toreuma, Gld. Catalina Is., beach. 1058. Figure accords with Lioconcha hieroqtyphica. Catalina Is., 120 fin. 1060. Resembles Sunapta. Catalina Is., 40 fin. 676. Resembles Crassatella Pacifica. 874. Lucina. 983. Nucula, with concentric sculpture. Sta. Barbara, 15 fm. — Yoldia. One fresh valve of a large and remarkable species, 2-6 by 1-2 in,, with fine concentric sculpture, very inequilateral. Sta. Cruz ; on beach. 751a. ?Ianthina. 1077, 1078. Chitonidee. Two highly sculptured species. Sta. Barbara, 12 fm. — ?Gadinia. Cat. Is., Cooper; Farallone, Is., Rowdl. "The animal differs in having pectinated flattened tentacles. It may be the type of a new o-enus Rowellia." 466. Emarginula. [The first appearance of the genus on the W. American coast.] 415«5. Glyphis. 354«. Like Haplocochleas. Sta. Barbara, 15 fin. 564. Like Pyrgola. 40 fm. — Trivia sanguined. Dredged dead in Cat. Is. — Trivia. " Thinner and larger than sanguinea. Common in Lower Cal." [?=s Pacifica.'} — " Terebra specillata" One sp. near S. Pedro. — Pleurotomidce. Several species are represented only by single specimens. Among them are 588. Drillia. 1021. Drillia, 2 in. long, shaped like Mitra. One worn sp. Catalina Is.. 120 fin, 1020. Drillia, reversed. Catalina Is., 60 fm., living. 479rt. Clathuretta (large). Sta. Barb.. 20 fm. 663. Clathuretta, 15 fm., Sta. Barb. 1852. ?Clathurella, 40 fm. 1053. ?Daphnella,6()fm. 419, 426. Two species of shells resembling Daphnella. 1055. ?£ela, 80 fm. 423a. Mangelia, 15 fm., Sta. Barb. 3976. Shape of Cithara, without ribs. Catalina Is., beach. 1028. "?Aclis," reversed. One sp., Cat. Is., 120 fm. [The figure more resembles a young Vermetid. J 463. " Cancdlaria ? Tritonice, Sby. Agrees with Dr. Newcomb's specimen." g. Diego, one dead on beach, 2£ in. long. 817. Cancdlaria. Fragment of a second species equally large. 1038. Sigaretus. 40 fm., dead, Cat. Is. 1050. Lamellaria. 10 fm., Sta. Barbara. (385a; 464, 818.) Naticida. 3 sp. 101 616 REPORT— 1863. 676. Possibly a scaly var. of Monoceros engonatum ; like the Purpura, var. inibri* cata, of Europe, but of different colour and texture ; ^ — spiratum, Blainv. 1001. Figure resembles Vexittafuscolincata, Pse. Sandwich Is. « Aassa, smooth, with thick lip." Cat. Is., 30 fin. [Comp. insculpta."] — ? Macron Kellettn. Cat. Is., dead, in 60 fin. — Chrysodomus Habulatus. Cat. Is., 120 fin., young, dead. — Fusus, " like geniculus, Conr." Farallones Is. 411. Trophon, like multicostatus. 6156. Muricidea. Cat. Is., 40 fm. [The young shells called Trophon, TypJiis, &c., by Dr. Cooper can scarcely be identified without a series, and from tracings only.] 515rf. ?Typhis. Sta.lBarb., 15 fm. 520. Pteronotus centrifugus, jun. S. Pedro ; rare on beach. 3846. Muricidea, like alveata. Mont.— S. Diego. 956. ?Siphonalia. Monterey, Sta. Barb., beach. In Prof. Whitney's Preliminary Report on the Survey, Proc. Cal. Ac. p. 27, 3Iay 4th, 1863, he states approximately as the result of Dr. Cooper's mala- cological labours, up to the close of 1862 : — No. of species in the collection 335 Of which are new to California, and believed to be undescribed 123 Other supposed Californian species not yet collected 65 In a Survey conducted with such care, even negative evidence is of some importance, though not conclusive. Dr. Cooper has not been able to obtain the following species : — Discina Evansii. Strigilla carnaria. [Mr. Nuttall's specimens were probably Atlantic.] Venus dispar. Trapezium Califomicum. [ — Duperryi,— Gumiacum.~\ Lucina bella. [Perhaps —pectinata, Cpr. ; but the type seems lost.] Modiola miens. [Probably an error in the Cumingian label.] Mytilus glomeratus, u = edtdis, var." [Perhaps an accidental var. from being crowded on a floating stick.] Earbatia pernoides. [Very probably an error in Dr. Gould's label.] Area multicostata. " Must have been brought to S. Diego." Pecten purpuratus. [Ascribed to the fauna from abundant valves marked " Cal." in the U. S. E. E. collections, but certainly from S. America. Dr. Cooper has unfortunately not been able to discover any of the species described by Hds.] Radius variabilis. " Doubtless exotic." Polinices perspicua. " Probably Mexican." Eanetta triquetra. " Probably Mexican." [Guaymas.] 105. Having now presented to the student an analysis of all that is yet known of the results of public surveys, it remains that we tabulate what has been accomplished by private enterprise. Mr. J. Xantus, a Hungarian gen- tleman in the employ of the United States Coast Survey under the able direction of Professor Bache, was stationed for eighteen months, ending July 1861, at Cape St. Lucas, the southern point of the peninsula of California. It is a source of great benefit to natural science that the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution is also one of the acting members of the Coast Survey Board ; and that a harmony of operations has always existed between the directors of these two scientific agencies in Washington. The publications of the Coast Survey have earned for themselves a reputation not surpassed by those of the oldest and wealthiest maritime nations. For obtaining data on geographical distribution, Cape St. Lucas was a peculiarly valuable station, being situated near the supposed meeting-point of the two faunas (v. B.A. 102 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 617 Rep. p. 350); and also, not being a place of trade, or even an inhabited district, likely to be free from human importations, although we should be prepared to find dead exotics thrown on its shores both by northern and by tropical currents. In his solitary and what would otherwise have been monotonous life,. Mr* Xantus found full employment in assiduously collecting specimens in all available departments of natural history ; having received ample in- structions, and the needful apparatus, from the Smithsonian Institution. The bulk of the shells at first received from him were worn beach speci- mens ; but afterwards several species were preserved, with the animals, in alcohol. Mr. Xantus generously presented the^first series of the molluscs to the Smithsonian Museum, reserving the second for his native land. The first available duplicates of the shells not occurring in the Reigen collection will be found in the British Museum or in the Cumingian cabinets*. Although the whole series would have found little favour in the eyes of a London dealer or a drawing-room collector, it proved a very interesting commentary on the Reigen and Adams Catalogues : it added about sixty new forms to the accu- rately located species of the marine fauna, besides confirming many others, which rested previously on doubtful evidence ; and disproved the intermixture of northern species, which, from the map alone, had before been considered probable. The collection is not only essentially tropical, but contains a larger propor- tion of Central American and Panama species than are found in the Reigea Catalogue. This may partly be due to the accidents of station, and partly to this projecting southern peninsula striking the equatorial currents. It must also be remembered that the Reigen Catalogue embraces only the Liverpool division of his collection ; and that many more species may have existed in. that portion of the Havre series which did not find its way to the London markets. Mr. Xantus also obtained individuals of identical species from Margarita Island, and a series containing living specimens of Purpura piano- spira (only thrown up dead on the promontory), from Socorro Island, one of the Revilla-gigedo group. A very few specimens of Haliotis and of Pacific shells may have been given to him by sailors or residents : they were not distinguished from his own series in opening the packages. The collection is not yet complete. In consequence of the French occupation of Mexico, it was with difficulty that Mr. Xantus himself " ran the blockade" at Manza- nello ; and he was compelled to leave there thirty-one boxes of shells, alco- holics, &c., subject to the risks of war. The Polyzoa were placed in the hands of Mr. G. Busk for examination, and the alcoholics were intrusted to Dr. Alcock, the Curator of the Manches- ter Natural History Society. Neither of these gentlemen have as yet been * During the period that Mr. Xantus was out of employment, owing to the derange- ments of the war, a portion of the duplicates were offered for sale, and will be found in some of the principal collections. 103 S18 REPORT— 1863. able to report concerning them. The first notice of the shells appeals in the Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, Dec. 1859, pp. 331, 332. The new species are described in the * Annals and Magazine of Nat. Hist./ 1864, vois. xiii. and xiv., as follows : — A.N.H. Vol. XIII. Sp. Page. 1. 311. Asthenotharus villosior, n.g. 1 living sp. and fragm. 2. „ Sokmya valwdus. 1 living sp. 3. „ Tellina (Peron&oderma) ochracea. 1 sp. 4. 312. Psammobia (? Amphichcena) regularis. Valves. 5. „ Callista poUicaris. 1 sp., living (= C. prora, var., teste Eve., C. I. f. 45). 6. „ Callista (?pannosa, var.) pitella. Extremely abundant, living. Also Acapulco, Jeicett. (Very variable, yet always differing from the typical South American shells.) 7. 313. Liocardium apicinum. Extremely abundant, living. Also La Paz j Aca- pulco, Jeivett. 8. „ Lucina lingualis. Extremely abundant, valves. 9. „ ? Crenella inflata. Valves ; very rare. (An aberrant form.) Also Panama, as. Ad. 10. 314. Bryophila setosa, n.g. Abundant ; living among sea- weed, on Purpura planospira. Also California, Cooper. 11. „ ?Atys casta. Rare : allied to Cylichna. 12. „ Ischnochiton parallelus. Rare ; living. 13. „ Ischnochiton (?var.) prasinatus. 1 living sp. Possibly a form of paral- lel™. 14. 315. Ischnochiton serratus. 1 living sp., like Eknensis. 15. 474. Nacetta peltoides, = Nacella, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 262. 16. „ AcmcBa (?var.) atrata. Intermediate between P. discors, Phil., and P, floccata, Rve. Also La Paz, Margarita Bay. 17. „ Acm&a strigillata. Intermediate in characters and station between A, patina and A. mesokuca. Also Margarita Bay. 18. 475. Glyphis saturnalis. Not uncommon ; living. 19. „ Eitcosmia variegata. (Probably a subgenus of Fhasiauella.) Rare, dead. 20. „ Eucosmia (?variegata, var.) substriata. Very rare. 21. ,, Eucosmia punctata. 1 sp. 22. 476. Eucosmia cyclostoma. 1 sp. 23. „ Hapkcochliascyclophoreus,ii.g. (PRelated to Ethalia. ) Very rare, dead. 24. „ Narica aperta. 1 sp. 25. ,, Fossarus parcipictus. 3 sp. 2^>. 477. Fossarm purus. 1 sp. 27. „ Litorina puUata,= Litorina, sp. ind., Maz. Cat., no. 399. Abundant. 28. „ Litorina (Philippii, var.) penicittata. Like the W. Indian L. (ziczac, var.) lineata. Abundant. 29. „ Rissoa albolirata. 1 sp. 30. „ Fenella crystattina. 1 sp. 31. 478. ?Hydrobia compacta. May be a JBarleeia. 1 sp. 32. „ Hyala rotundata. 1 sp. 33. „ ?I)iala ekctrina. 1 sp. 34. „ Acirsa [teste A. Ad.] menesthoides. 1 sp. 35. „ Cythna asteriaphila. Imbedded in a star-fish, like Stylina. 1 living sp. 36. „ Bittium nitens. 1 sp. Vol. XIV. 37. 45 Mangelia mbdiaphana. 1 sp. od. 46 Drillia appressa. 1 sp. SO. „ Cithara fusconotata. very rare. 40. „ Obeliscus variegatus. 2 worn sp. Described from a fresh Guaymas shell, Mus. Cal. Ac. 41. „ (Odostomid) Evalea aquisculpta. 1 sp. 42. 47. (Odostomia) Evaka delicatnla. lap. 43. ,, Chrysallida angusta. 1 sp. 104 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST (>V NORTH AMERICA. 610 A. K H. Vol. XIV. Sp. Page. 44. 47. Eulima fuscostrigata. 1 sp. 45. „ Opalia crenatoides. 1 perfect and a few rubbed specimens. This, and the Santa Barbara fossil, O. ?var. iwctdpta, are so close to the Por- tuguese O. crenata, that additional specimens may connect them. 46. „ Truncaria eurytoides. Common; rubbed. Also Guacomayo, in the Smithsonian Museum. 47. 48. Sistrum (?ochrostoma, var.) rufonotatum \ connected with type by a few intermediate specimens. Rare ; dead. 48. „ ?Nitidella milkpunctata. Also Guacomayo, Mus. Smiths. Very rare, dead. 49. „ Nitidella densilineata. Very rare ; dead. 50. „ ?Anachis tincta. 1 sp. 51. 49. Anachts fuscostrigata, 1 sp. 52. „ Pisania elata. A few worn specimens ; like Peristernia, without plait. The following table contains the species previously described, with the ad- dition of the other localities in which they are known to occur. The numbers in the first column are those in Prof. C. B. Adams's Panama Catalogue : a P in the same column signifies that the species has been found at Panama by other collectors. The second column contains the shells of La Paz, col- lected by Major Eich and others, and are marked by an italic P. In the third column, A shows that the shell has been found at Acapulco, on good authority ; and C, that it is known at other stations on the Central American coast. The fourth column exhibits the corresponding numbers of the species in the B. M. Reigen Catalogue; and G shows that the shell has been found in the Gulf district by other collectors. In the fifth column, Cal. stands for Upper, and L for Lower California ; Marg. for Margarita Bay, Gal. for the Galapagos, E for Ecuador and the tropical shores of S. America, and WI for the West Indies. The sixth column continues the numbering of the species from the list in the ' Annals.' Pan. Cat. La Paz. Aca- pul. Maz. Cat Other habitats. No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. 517 A 14 E 53 Discina Cumingii. On Margaritiphora. P 22 E 54 Gastrochcena ovata. In Spondylus. A 23 Marg. 55 Saxicava pholadis. In Spondylus. 56 JEucharis, sp. ind. 1 dead valve, resembling W. Indian species. P 35 57 Sphcenia fragilis. In Spondylus, G 58 Tkracia squamosa. 1 broken pair. P L 59 Thracia (Cyatliodonta) phcata ("PsstfrwwcaMt, Migh."). 1 sp., jun. P G 60 Lyomia inftata. 1 sp. 36 E 61 Lyonsia picta. 1 valve. 463 P C 55 62 Tellina Cumingii. 1 pair. 469 A E 63 Tettina rubescens [ = Hanleyi]. Smashed valre. 472 64 Strigilla smcera. 1 valve. A 67 65 Strigilla lenticula. Valves. P 66 Lutricola viridotincta. 2 valves. 485 41 67 Semele bicolor. Valves. G Marg. 68 Semele Californica, var. Valves. 40 L 69 Semele flavescens. Rare. 480 473 P A A 43 E WI 70 71 Cumingia trigonularis, jun. In Spondylus. Heterodonax bimaculatus. Abundant ; normal, and numerous vars. 105 620 BEPORT— 1863. Pan. Cat. La |Aca- Paz.j pul. Maz. Cat Other habitats. No. List of Cape St. Luca» Shell?. A 756 (Mar.) 72 Donax, var. ceelatus. Valves. 76 73 Donax ?Cotiradi, jun. 456 C 77 L 74 Donax ?navicula, jun. 493 P C 80 75 Mulinia angidata. Valves. P 79 WI 76 Standella fragilis. 1 sp. living, and numerous adult valves. 446 P C 83 E 77 Trigona radiata, jun. 78 Trigona nitidula, Sby. Several living; sp. agree exactly with Sby.'s figure. [Perhaps Lam.'s Mediterranean shell is different.] 448 C 90 E 79 Dosinia Durikeri. Rare. P 88 KMar. 80 Dosinia ponder osa. Several pairs [jun. = distorts]. 444 A 92 81 CaUista aurantia. 447 P A 93 E.Mar. 82 Callista chioncea. C 96 Marg. 83 CaUista vidnerata. Living, and dead valves. 98 E 84 Callista (?var.) alternate. 1 living. L 85 Amiatitis callosa. Rare, living [= C. wo6i7*s,Rve.]. P G L.Mar. 86 Chione mccincte. Very rare. P C E 87 Chione pulicaria, var. Ulacina. Valves, abundant. P A E 88 Chione neglecta. Living and valves. 106 886 Chione undatcUa -\-\QI. bilineata, Rve. (pars). Very rare. [Probablv = ncalecta, var.] 435 P C 113 E 89 A-iomalocardia subimbriccta. Valves. 111 90 Tapes squamosa. 1 sp. P A 24 E 91 Petricola robusta. In Spondylus. 27 92 Rupellaria linguafelis. 117 E 93 Crassatella varians. Living. Large and abundant. 492 C E 94 CrassateUa oibbosa. Valves. P 118 95 Lazaria Californica. Very rare. C 96 Venencardia crassa. 1 valve. 405 C 1216 97 Chama Buddiana, jun. On syenitic rock. 407 A 121 E 98 Chama echinata, Brod. Living, from Socorro Is. P C 121 Marg. 986 Chama frotidosa, var. 123 L 99 Chama ?exof/yra. Worn valves. P A 122 Gal. 100 Chama spinosa. 1 sp. 433 P A C 125 E E.Mar. 101 102 Cardium consors. Valves. (Very fine at Acapulco.) Cardium procerum. Valves. 4:34 126 E 103 Cardium senticosum. Valves. P P A L 104 Hemicardium biangulatum. Valves. P C 136 WI 105 Codakia tigerrina. Living, very large, and young valves. ' [Of the Pacific Is. type.] P P P A 137 147 Pac.Is. E 106 107 Codakia ?punctata, jun. Lucina eburnea. Living, rare. P A 140 108 lAicina excavata, 1 valve. 145 109 Lucina prolongata. Valves. 143 110 Lncina cancellaris. Valve. C G 111 112 113 Diplodonta subquadrata. 1 sp. ])iplodonta calculus. Several living sp. Miltha Childreni. [A few fresh specimens correct the habitat " Brazil," previously assigned to this extremely rare and remarkable shell, which ap- pears to be a gigantic Felania.~\ P A 153 114 Kellia suborbicularis. In Spondylus, A 154 115 Lasea nibra. 6 sp. living. ? C 167 116 Mytilns palliopunctatw. Fragment. P P A 168 117 Mytilus multiformis. Abundant. P 169 118 Septifer Cumingianus. Common. 106 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 621 Pan. La Cat. jPa*. Aca- pul. Mass. Cat. Other habitats. No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. P A 170 L.Mar. 119 Modiola capax. A few living sp. " Gal." [?]. A 172 Gal. 120 Crenella coarctata. In Spondylus. P A 176 121 Lithophagus aristatus. In Spondylus. P A 175 122 Lithophagus plumula. In Spondylus. P C 181 123 Area midticostata. Adult valves, and jun. living. P C 189 E 124 Byssoarca Pacifica. Hare. 418 A WO E 125 Byssoarca mutabilis. Valve. 420 P E 126 Barbatia Reeviana. Valves. 192 127 Barbatia vespertilio. Valves. 424 C 193 128 JBarbatia illota. Valve. 423 P 195 E 129 Barbatia solida. Eare. 416 A 194 E.Mar. 130 Barbatia gradata. Valve. P G 131 Axincea gigantea. Large valves, and jun. living. 696 132 Axincea, sp. ind. 201 E 133 Pinna lanceolata. Fragment. 395 200 134 Pinna maura. 1 sp., jun. P P A 202 135 Pinna rugosa. 1 sp., Jun. 391 P C 204 136 Margaritiphorajimbriata. Living. E 137 Avicida Peruviana. Valves. 393 P A 205 138 Isognomon Chemnitzianus. Common, living. 206 139 Isognomon Janus. 4 sp. living. [One has closej ligament-pits, passing into costellatus, just as no. 138, var. passes into incisus.~\ P A G E 140 Pecten subnodosus. Several valves, and 1 living. [P. intermedia is only a var. of this species.] 387 P A 207 E.Mar. 141 Pecten ventricosus. Valves. [The young is P. circularis^ Sby., pars.] P G 142 Janira dentata. ~\ ery plentiful. P 143 Lima tetrica. 1 living, and valves [=Z. squamosa, teste Cuming. W. I., Mediter., Pac. Is.]. 390 Gal. 144 Lima arcuata. 1 fresh pair. [Can hardly be separa- ted from L.fragilis, Gal., Pac. Is., in Mus. Cum.] 385 208 145 Spondylus calcifer. Valves. Bed var., and speci- 386 381 C A 210 211 men changing into purple. 146 Plicatula penicillata. 1 sp. on Fasciolaria. 147 Ostrea iridescens. A few living. 383 P 212 Marg. 148 Ostrea ? Virginica, jun. 213 E 149 Ostrea Columbiensis. Valves. 384 P 215 Marg. 150 Ostrea amara. On Pomaulax. Oal. ] 51 Cavolina Helemus. Fragment. (Pelagic.) 1 ^>^ \ 156 ( [Nudibranchs and Aplysia. Not yet determined. 321 P A 224 E 157 Bulla Adamsi, and var. Common. 225 L 158 Bulla nebulosa. Rare. A 226 L.Gal. 159 Bulla Quoyi. Very rare. L 160 Haminea vesicula. Plentiful, living. 229 ?L 161 Haminea cymbiformis. 1 sp. [Closely related to H. virescens.~] i 240 Marg. 162 Siphonaria lata. 1 sp., dead. L 303 Ranella Californica. Very rare. Grows 4 inches long. 151 A 582 Gal. 304 Latirus ceratus. 2 dead sp. P 584 E 305 Fasciolaria princeps. 2 dead sp. 18 A 306 Mitra crenata, Rve., teste Dohrn. lap. [?=nu- cleola.~\ 19 307 Mitra solitaria, C. B. Ad. 1 sp. 20 586 Gal.E 308 Strigatella tristis. Rare. A G E 309 AZiieta harpa. 1 sp. P 589 310 Volutetta margaritula. Off Spondylus ; common. 14 587 311 Mar ginella minor. OS Spondylus; rare. 110 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 625 Pan. Cat. La Aca- Paz.i pul. Maz. Cat. Other habitats. No. List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. A 312 Volvarina varia. Rare. [Cannot be distinguished A ?WI 313 314 from some W. I. specimens.] Persicula imbricata. 1 sp. [Can scarcely be sepa- rated from interrupta, jun. Also Guacomayo.] Persicula phrygia. Rare. [Closely allied to fru- mentum. Differs from the W. I. sagittata by having the painting in loops instead of zigzag, and an orange callosity over the sunken spire, bordered by a spotted sutural line.] 36 P G Marg. 315 Oliva porphyria. 1 sp. ?33 P A 591 316 Oliva Melchersi, var. Rare. P ?592 Marg. 317 Oliva subangulata. Very common, dead. [This species, very rare elsewhere, is known by the shouldered shape, toothed paries, and violet- stained mouth and columella.J P 600 318 Olivella dama. Rare ; dead. P C 596 319 Olivella tergina. Rare ; dead. 39 A 595 320 Olivella undatella. 3 sp. ; dead. C 601 321 Olivella zonalis. Rare ; dead. 598 ?WI 322 Olivella v. aureocincta. 3 sp. ; dead. A 597 E 323 Olivella anazora. Very rare ; dead. Perhaps a var. of 34 P A 324 Olivella gracilis. Extremely abundant. [With many varieties : among which is one with dark median and sutural bands and light spire ; an- other with dark spire ; another pure white, of which the young is inconspicua, C. B. Ad. The Acapulcan varieties are somewhat different.] A G 325 Harpa crenata. Dead. 76 P A 606 E.Mar. 326 Purpura biserialis. Abundant. P A 607 327 Purpura trisenalis. Common. 69 P A 608 Gal. 328 Purpura triangularis. Not uncommon. P A 603 G.Mar. 329 Purpura patula. Common. Also West Indies. P P C 605 E 330 Purpura muricata. Rare j dead at C. S. L. ; living at Socorro Island. P Gal. 331 Purpura planospira. Dead shells at C. S. L. and La Paz ; abundant and fine at Socorro Island. 74 107 A 611 Gal. 332 333 Rhizocheilus m&r+tall var. [= Calif ornicus.~j Sistrum carbonarium. Living ; plentiful. 89 P A 613 WI 334 Nitidella cribraria. Abundant. 94 A 615 E 335 Columbella major. Rare. 86 P A 617 E 336 Columbella fuscata. Abundant. A 337 Columbella f estiva. Not rare. 90 P Gal. 338 Columbella h&mastoma. Not rare. E 339 Columbella solidula. Abundant *. A E 340 Columella Reevei [= Sta. Barbarensis, Cpr. (error)]. E 341 Columella baccata. Rare. P 342 Conella cedonulli. 1 sp. P 624 L.Mar. 343 Nassa tegida. Rare ; pale var. 55 C 632 344 Nassa versicolor. Rare ; dead. ^ 45 P A 345 Nassa corpidenta. Very rare. * The young shell is thin, semitransparent, with Alaboid tuberous vertex. The nuclear partis rather more tumid than the next whirl, and set slanting as in some Chrysodomi. Adolescent, whirls smooth, except a sutural line. Sculpture of adult gradually developed, with spiral lines, sometimes all over, sometimes only anteriorly and posteriorly. Last whirl sometimes with blunt radiating riblets, but generally smooth. Siphonal notch deeply cut back, as in Strombina, to which the species may belong. 1863. 626 REPORT — 1863. Pan. Cat, La Paz. Aca- pul. Maz. Cat. Other habitats. No. — i List of Cape St. Lucas Shells. P Gal. 346 Fusus Thouarsii [-{-Novce-JIollandice, Rve.]. Rare j dead. P 639 E 347 Siphonalia pallida. Very rare. 109 Gal. 348 Engina Reeviana. 1 sp. P A Gal. 349 Engina wocostoma. 1 sp. P C 647 350 Anachis coronata. Very rare. 652 E 351 Anachis tatniata [= Ga*koinei]. Very rare. 99 352 Anachis pidchrior. Very rare. G 353 Anachis tpallida, Phil. Very rare. 98 E 354 Anachis ?parva, var. Dead shells : may be pyy- mfca, rar. 650 355 Anachis serrata, A few perfect specimens. (100 ) A (651 ) (E) 356 Anachis pygmcea (var. auriflua). Rare. P C 657 357 Strombina macidosa. Very rare. 87 E 358 Strombina gillenda. Very rare. 64 P A 662 359 Pisania sang-uinolenta. Dwarf var. ; common. 60 A 360 Pisania litgiibris. Rare; dead. P C 664 361 Murex plicatiis. Rare ; dead. 140 P A 665 362 Murex recurvirostris. 1 spv dead. P A 669 363 Phyllmotus bicolor. Rare. 136 P P A A 671 673 364 365 Phyllonotus princeps. Rare ; dead. Muricidea ditbia. Rare ; dead. 366 Argonauta argo. 1 large sp. of the ?var. papyracea. Pelagic. 367 Octoptis, sp. Pelagic. As would be expected, the bulk of these species (203 out of 367) are the same as have been already enumerated in the Reigen Catalogue. Of thoso which do not appear in the Mazatlan lists, no fewer than 37 appear in the Panama collections (beside 10 others, known to inhabit the equatorial region). Of those not quoted from Mazatlan, 34 are also found in the Acapulco region, and 30 at La Paz. Of the whole number, 79 have also been found in South America, and 28 in the Galapagos. 38 have also been found in Margarita Bay, of which Pijrazus incisus and Siplionaria cequilirata are Lower Californian rather than Gulf species ; but only 13 belong to that portion of the Lower Californian fauna which is known to reach S. Diego, exclusive of the same number of Gulf species, which also stray into the S. Diegan district. There are also 10 species, which (with more or less distinctness) represent "West Indian forms. Of these, five, viz. Heterodonax bimaculatus, Erato Mauyerice, Volvarina varia, Persicula imbricata and plirygia, are new to the Gulf fauna : the other five appear in the Reigen Catalogue. 106. The most extensive collections in the Vancouver district, both as far as the number of species and of specimens is concerned, have been made for the Smithsonian Institution by Mr. J. G. Swan, teacher at the Indian Reserve, Neeah Bay, "W. T. For several years * valuable consignments have been received from him of shells collected at Cape Flattery, Port Townsend, and other stations. Latterly he has trained the native children to pick up shore- shells in large quantities. The labour of sorting and arranging these has been enormous; it has, however, been repaid not only by observing the * In consequence of boxes having been received at different times, through the accidents of transit, it has not always been possible to ascertain with certainty to whom, among simultaneous collectors, should be allowed priority in the discovery of new species. 112 OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 627 variations of form in large numbers of individuals, but by the discovery of several new species and the addition to the district-fauna of many others. The duplicates are made-up in series for distribution by the Smithsonian Institution ; and, though of the worst quality from a " collector's " point of view, they will be found very serviceable by real students, being carefully lamed in accordance with this Eeport. He has now received a dredge, con- structed for him by Dr. Stimpson; and if he succeeds in training the young Indians to use it, there is little doubt that a rich harvest of fresh materials will shortly be obtained. Some of the collections were made on the neigh- bouring shores of Vancouver's Island, among which vvas a large series of Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem., with attached Bivonia, Doth of an essentially Eastern Pacific type, the former having been brought from Japan by Mr. A. Adams. The Indians have taken a fancy to the opercula of this shell for the purpose of ornamenting their canoes. As it is an article of trade among themselves, it is remarkable that so large a shell should have so long escaped the notice of collectors. Dead specimens have been washed-up in California; but it is not known even to enter the Straits of De Puca alive. The shore- pickings of the Indian children, which have already added 25 species to science, are singularly free from ballast-importations, although they present a few (supposed) extra-limital shells, probably washed-up by the ocean currents. The following are the species new to the Vancouver fauna ; the remainder will be found tabulated in the 7th column of the general Table, par. 112, infra. No. 1. Waldheimia Coreanica, valves. 2. Xylntrya pennatifera, teste Jeffr. 8. Clidiophora punctata, one worn valve. 4. Macoma ? edentula. Two living shells may be the young of this species, or an extreme var. of inquinata. 5. Mara salmonea. Plentiful. 6. Angulus variegatus. Rare. 7. Semele rubrolineata. One large valve may belong to this species, or (moro probably) be distinct and new. 8. Standella ? Californica. One young- valve. 9. Miodonprolongatus,K. subg., n.s. "Several valves of this curious shell, inter- mediate between Litcina and Venericardia, accord with forms not before eliminated, from the Coralline Crag and Inferior Oolite. 10. Lazaria siibquadrata. One valve. 11. Diplodonta orbella. Very large valves. 12. Kellia (var.) Chironii. A few valves. 13. Adula stylina. Plentiful. 14. Axinaa (? septentrionalis, var.) subobsokta. Numerous valves. 15. Siphonaria Thersites, n. s. Rare, dead. Like tristensis and other Cape Horn au:l N. Zealand types. The genus was not known north of Margarita Bay. 16. Mopalia (Kennerleyi, var.) Sioannii. One sp. and valves. 17. Ischnochiton (Trachyderm&ti) Nuttallii* One sp. 18. Haliotis Kamtschatkana. Rare. 19. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. Living ; plentiful. 20. Leptonyx sanguinem, Linn. Very plentiful. (Japan, A. Ad. \ — Homalapeuw sanguineum, antea p. 588 (nom. preoc.) ; Mediterranean, Philippi.} 21. Chlorostoma funebrale (et var. subapertum. One sp.). 22. Cattiostoma canaliculatum. Living ; abundant. 23. Margarita cidaris, n. s. One fresh specimen, with aspect of Turcica* 24. Margarita Jielicma. Very rare. 25. Gibbida parcipicta. One sp. 2(>. Gibbula succincta, n. s. Rare. 27. Gibbida lacunata, n. s. One sp. 8 113 628 REPORT— 1863. No. 28. Gtblntla ftmiculata, n. s. Very rare. 29. Ripponyx cranioides, n. s. Plentiful. oO. Bii'onid compacta, 11. s. Frequent on PacJiypoma-, externally resembles loconchm macrophragma. 31. Sittium (?var.) esuriens. Common, dead. 32. Lacuna porrecta, n. s. Plentiful, with intermediate Pvars. excequata and effusa. 33. Lacuna (?soltdtda, var.) compacta. Rare. 34. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Not common j resembles the Japanese i. decorata. 35. Isapis fenestrata, n. s. Very rare. 3(J. Almnia reticulata, n. s. Very rare. 37. Alvania fiLosa,) n. s. One specimen. 38. ?Assiminea subrotundata, n. s. One specimen. 39. ? Paludinella, sp. One specimen. 40. Mangdia crebricostata, n. s. Very rare. 41. Mangdia interfossa, n. s. Several dead specimens. 42. Mangdia tabulata, n. s. Several dead specimens. 43. Daphndla effusa, n. s. One broken specimen. 44. Odostomia satura, n. s. and ?var. Gouldii. Very rare. 45. Odostomia nuciformis, n. s. and ?var. avellana. Very rare. 40. Odostomia inflata. Very rare. 47. Odostomia tenutscidpta, n. s. Very rare. 48. Scalaria Indianorum, n. s. Bare. 49. Opalia borealis. Very common. This fine species, indicated by Dr. Gld. fE« E. Mol., p. 307) under Scalaria australis, closely resembles O. Ochotensia, Midd. It is not referred to in the ( Otia/ and the locality was naturally suspected. 50. Cerithiopsis munita, n. s. Rare. 51. Cerithiopsis columna. Very rare. 52. Cerithiopsis tubcrculata. ) Rare. No differences have been detected on comparing 53. Triforis adversa. \ the Herm and Neeah Bay specimens. 54. Trichotropis inermis. A few specimens differ from the decorticated T. cancel- lota, and agree with Hinds's diagnosis. 55. CanceUaria modesta, n. s. One sp. and fragment. 56. Velutina prolongata, n. s. Very rare. 57. Olivetta biplicata. Very fine and abundant. 58. Pwrpura (v&r,)fuscata. Forbes's species, the locality of which was before un- certain, is here connected by easy transitions with the normal saxicola. 59. Colwnbdla (var.) ?Hindsii. Maybe a stunted form of A. yausapata. 60. Amycla tuberosa. Rare, 61. Chrysodomw tabidatus. One beautiftilly perfect specimen; described and figured from Mr. Lord's broken shell, sent simultaneously. The following appear to be due to currents : — 62. Pachydesma crassatelloides. Fragment. 63. Fissurella volcano. One broken specimen. 107. A collection of shells received from the Farallones Islands by Mr. R. D. Darbishire, of Manchester, soon after the publication of the first Report, contained several species at that time new to science, but in too imperfect a condition for description. Among them were — ifaartesia intercalata, Maz. Cat., no. 19. Burrowing in Haliotis n/fescens. Odostomia inflata, n. s. Young shells, abundant, in Haliotis ntfesceru. Ocitiebra lurida. Ocinebra interfossa, n. s. Collections from the same locality were afterwards sent by the Rev. J. Rowell, and are tabulated with the rest of the Smithsonian series in the 4th .column of the general Table, par. 112. 114 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 629 108. In 1860, previously to the commencement of the Californian Geo- ogical Survey, Dr. J. G. Cooper joined a military expedition across the Rocky .ountains, under the command of Major Blake, U.S.A. Having forwarded us notes, and specimens to Judge Cooper, they were placed in the hands of T. Thomas Bland, of New York. He prepared a " Notice of Land and freshwater Shells, collected by Dr. J. G. Cooper in the Rocky Mountains, &c.," hich appears in the 'Ann. Lye. N. H. of N. York,' 1861, pp. 362 et seq. Ve have here the judgment of one of the most distinguished students of merican land-shells, whose labours on the tropical forms have accumulated 'acts so important in their bearing on the Darwinian controversy *. The fol- owing is an outline of the Report, which is peculiarly valuable for the copious otes on the station and distribution of species : — o. Helix Townsendiana, Lea. " Both slopes of the Bitter Root Mountains, from 2200-5600 ft. high. Large var. at the base of the range to 4800 ft. Small var. in dry prairie at junction of Hell-Gate and Bitter Root Rivers; also in Wash. Ter., west of the Coast Mountains. The most wide-spread of the species," J. G. C. ; Puget Sound, Cape Disappointment, teste inland. 2. Helix Midlani, n.s., Bland. " Under logs and in dry pine-woods : dead, Coeur d'Alene Mission : living, west side of Bitter Root Mountains," J. G. C. j St. Joseph's River, 1st Camp, Oregon, teste Binney. Closely allied to H. Co- lumbiana, Lea, = labiosa, Gld. A beautiful hyaline var. was found under a stone, by the Bitter Root River, 4000 ft, high. Helix polygyrella, n.s., Bland. " Moss and dead wood in dampest parts of spruce-forests ; common on the Coeur d'Alene Mountains, especially eastern slope," J. G. C. Entirely unlike any other N. A. species, and having affi- nity with H. polygyrata from Brazil. 4. Helix Vancouverensis, Lea, = H. concava, Bin. sen. olim, non postea, nee Say ; = H. vellicata, Fbs., certainly ; =H. sportella, Gld., probably. " West side of Coeur d'Alene Mountains, W. T., in forests of Coniferae, such as it in- habits west of the Cascade Range. Between these two ranges, for 200 miles, is a wide plain, quite uninhabitable for snails, on account of drought. This sp. and H. Townsendiana probably travel round it through the northern forests in lat. 49°," J. G. C. Also Crescent City, Cal., Newcomb; Oregon City, Whidby's Is., W. T. ; Mus. Bland. Found on the Pacific slope, from Puget Sound to San Diego. 6. Helix strigosa, Gld. " ^Estivating under pine-logs, on steep slope of shale, containing veins of lime, 4000 ft. high, near Bitter Root River, Rocky Moun- tains," J. G. C. ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska ; Rio Piedra, W. New Mexico ; teste Bland. One sp. reached N. York alive, and deposited six young shells. [?May not these have been abnormally hatched in the body of the parent, from the unnatural confinement.] 6. Helix Cooperi, Binn., jun. " East side of Mullan's Pass, Rocky Mountains, W. T., at an elevation of 5500 ft," J. G. C. ; Black Hills of Nebraska, Dr. V. Hayden ; Big Horn Mountains, Nebraska j west side of Wind River Mountains ; Rio Piedra, W. N. Mexico, teste Bland, Passes bv varieties towards H. ' ~" " - • - - - - • - igosa, Gld. Hayden's shell from Bridger's Pass,Nebr., referred to by Binn., jun., Journ. A. N. S. Phil. 1858, p. 115, as H. solitaria, var., is the young of this species. 7. Helix solitaria, Say. Both slopes of Coeur d'Alene Mts., 2500 feet high, J. G. C. Also Prairie States, teste Bland. 8. Helix arborea, Say. " Damp bottom lands, along the lower valley of Hell-Gate River, 4500 ft. high," J. G. C. Found from Labrador to Texas, and from Florida to Nebraska ; also on the River Chama, N. Mex. ; also Guadaloupe, teste Beau and FerussaCj letter to Say, 1820 j teste Bland. * Vide " Geographical Distribution of the Genera and Species of Land Shells of the West Indies, &c.," by Thomas Bland. Reprinted from Ann. LTC. Nat. Hist., vol. vii !New York 1861. 115 630 REPORT — 1863. No. 9. Helix striatella, Anth. With H. arborea, J. G. C. From Canada E. to Kansas, and from Pembina (Red River N.) to Virginia ; teste Bland. 10. Succinea rusticana, Gld. " Rocky Mountains of Bitter Root Valley, 2500- 4500 ft," J. G. C. The freshwater shells collected on the Rocky Mountains by Dr. Cooper were determined, with the assistance of Dr. Lea and of Messrs. Binney and Prime, as follows : — 11. Limneea fragilis [as of] Linn. [Binney]. Hell-Gate River; Missouri River, above the Falls. [=Z. paliistris, auct] 12. Limntea humilis, Say. Hell-Gate River. 13. Limneea bulimoides, Linn. [Binney]. Missouri River, above the Falls. 14. Limneea desidiosa, Say. Missouri River, above the Falls. 15. Physa hypnorum, Linn. Hell-Gate River. 16. Physa heterostropha, Say. Hell-Gate River ; Missouri River, above the Falls, 17. Planorlis trivolvis, Say. Hell-Gate River. 18. Planorbis ?parvtts, Say. Hell-Gate River. 19. Ancylus, sp. ind. 20. Melania plicifera, Lea. Hell-Gate River. 21. Leptoxis, sp. ind. 22. Amnicola, sp. ind. 23. Sphcerium [ Cyclas] occidentals, Prime. Hell-Gate River. 24. Sphcerium [ Cyclas\ striatinum, Lam. Missouri River, above the Falls. 25. Unio luteoluSj Lam. 26. Margariiana margaritifera, Linn. Missouri River, above the Falls ; also Spokan River, below Lake Cceur d'Alene,=-4./a/c#£Ms, Gld. ; the purple var. hitherto only found on the Pacific slope. 109. The land-shells of the peninsula of California present points of great interest to the student of geographical distribution. While those of the eastern shore of the Gulf belong exclusively to the Mexican or Central Ame- rican fauna, those of the western present in their general features that form of the South American type which belongs to the region of the Andes. The contrast between the Glandinae and painted Bulimids of Mazatlan, and the small dull forms, or solid white shells of the peninsula, is evident even to the superficial observer. They are catalogued by Mr. Binney in the ' Proc. Ac. Nat. So. Philadelphia/ 1861, pp. 331-333, and are as follows, outline-figures being given of the new species : — No. 1. Helix areolata, Sby. Cerros Is., Dr. Veatch. 2. Helix Pandorce, Fbs. Margarita Is. (Binney). 3. Bulimus excelsus, Gld. La Paz. (Mus. Cal. Acad. N. S.) 4. Bulimus vesicalis, Gld. Lower California. [Altered in < Otia/ p. 184, to B. sufflatus', nom. preoc.] 5. Bulimm pallidior, Sby.^vegetus, Gld. With B. incendem, v. infra. (S. Ame- rica, Cuming.) [Cape St. Lucas List, no. 166.] 6. Bulimus proteus, Brod. One large and many young specimens ; Cape St. Lucas, Xantm. (Mountains of Peru, teste Pfeiffer.) [C. S. L., no. 167.] 7. Bulimus Xantusi, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 4 sp. Xantus. [No. 168.1. 8. Bulimus artemisia, n.s. Promontory of St. Lucas. 1 sp., on small species of Artemisia ; Xantus. [C. S. L., no. 169.] 9. Bulimus jnlula} n.s. Todos Santos Mission and Margarita Is., in rocky spots under mosses, not uncommon, Xantus. Resembles B.sujflatus,jun. [No. 170.] 10. Bulimus incendens, n.s. In great numbers with B. pallidior, Sby., climbing high " copal " or copaiva trees, on dry hills 800-1000 ft. high ; Cape St. Lucas, Margarita Bay, Xantus. Resembles B. excelsus, Gld. [No. 171.] 11. Pedipes lirata, Binn. Cape St. Lucas, Xantus. [C. S. L., no. 172.] 116 OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 631 110. At the time of the preparation of the first Report, not a single naturalist was known in Europe to be resident on the western slope of North America, to whom communications could be addressed on the subject of it. There was, however, even at that time, a " Californian Academy of Natural Sciences," which met at S. Francisco, and published its ' Proceedings.' This Academy is now in a flourishing condition, under the presidency of Col. L» Ransom. The general zoological department is under the care of Dr. J". G, Cooper; the shells under that of Dr. J. B. Trask, Vice- President of the Academy, whose name has already appeared in Judge Cooper's Report, anted, p. 597 ; and the fossils under that of Mr. "W. M. Gabb. The corresponding secretary is Dr. W. 0. Ayres ; and the librarian Prof. J. D. Whitney, the director of the State Geological Survey. Already the nucleus has been formed of a very valuable collection, many of the critical species in which have been sent to England for identification. The coasting- trade between S. Francisco and many stations in L. California, the Gulf, and the Mexican coast, offers pecu- liar facilities for obtaining valuable information. Two of the contributprs to the Californian Academy require special and grateful mention. Dr. Wesley Newcomb (whose labours had greatly enriched the State Collection at his native city, Albany, New York, and whose researches among the Achatinellce in the Sandwich Islands are well known) is stationed at Oakland, near Fran- cisco, and has already furnished valuable papers, an abstract of which is here given, as well as emendations and additions to the British Association Report, which are included in their appropriate places*. The Rev. J. Rowell has long been a regular correspondent of the Smithsonian Institution, and has sub- mitted the whole of his West-coast collections for analysis. He has dis- played peculiar industry in searching for small species on the backs of the larger shells, especially the Haliotids of the Californian coast, and the Ostrea iridescens, which is imported in large quantities from Acapulco for the San Francisco market f. In the < Proc. California Ac. Nat. Sc.,' vol. i. pp. 28-30, Feb. 1855, Dr. J. B. Trask published descriptions of Anodonta Kandalli, Trask, Upper San Joaquin ; Anodonta triangularis, Trask, Sacramento River ; Anodonta rotund- ovata, Trask, Sacramento Vallejr ; AlasmodontaYubaensis, Trask, Yuba River. In the < Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,' vol. vii. 1860, p. 146, Dr. Newcomb describes the first Pupa found on the Pacific slope, viz. Pupa Rowellii, Newc. Near Oakland, Cal. " Approaches nearest to P. ovata, Say." * The " Chiton amiculatus" Newc., MS., = Cn/pfochiton Stelleri. " Rare near S. Fran- cisco ; somewhat more abundant in the Bay of Monterey." His " Panopasa generosa" in the Albany Museum, was found to be Schizothcerus Nuttallii. t As an instance of the way in which mistakes arise, may be placed on record a series of shells sent to Mr. Rousseau, of Troy, New York, by Mr. Hilman, formerly of that city, now a resident at San Francisco. They were sent as Californian ; yet, of the thirty- four species which it contained, only one could be called a native of that province. All the rest were tropical, and of that peculiar character which belongs to Acapulco. No doubt, the gentleman had obtained them from a trader to that city. If only a few species had been sent, mixed with Californian shells, they might have puzzled the learned ; for they were obtained, on the spot, by a gentleman of known integrity. As it was, the magnitude of the error led to its discovery : but in how many similar cases such error is thought impos- sible!— Strigilla earn aria ; Donax carinatus, puncto-striatus ; Heterod. bimaculatus; Cal- lista aurantia, chioncea ; Petr. robusfa ; Card, consors, biangulatum ; Liocard. apicinum ; Trigona radiata, Hindsii; Anom. subimbricata; Lima tetrica; Siphonaria gigas, lecanium-, Patella discors, pediculus; Fiss. rugosa; Cruc. imbricatum, spinosum, umbrella; Crcp. acirfeata; Hipp, antiquatus, barbatus; Cerith. uncinatum; Modulus disculus', Nat>ca maroccana, catenata ; Pohnices uber ; Leuc. cingulata ; JEneta harpa ; Purp. triangularis. The single shell from the temperate fauna is Glyphis aspera, 117 632 REPORT — 1863. In the 'Ann. Lye. N. H. New York,' 1861, p. 287, the Eev. J. Rowell, of San Francisco, describes the second species of Pupa* discovered on the western slope, viz. " P. Califomica, How., San Francisco : plentiful." On February 4th, 1861, Dr. Wesley Newcomb published (Latin) dia- gnoses of the following Californian Pulmonates in the ; Proceedings of the Cal. Ac. Nat. Sc.,' vol. ii. pp. 91-94. A second Part bears date March ISth, pp. 103, 104. Page. 91. Helix Bridgesii, Newc. San Pablo, Cal. Isp. Distinct from all described forms. „ Helix Traskiiy Newc. Los Angelos, Cal. " Distinguished from H. Thonarsii at a glance." 92. Vitrina Pfeiferi, Newc. Carson Valley. More rounded than diaphana, Drap. 94. Pisidium occidental, Newc. Ocean House, S. Francisco, Rowell. 103. Helix Carpetiteri, Newc. Tulare Valley, Mus. Cal. Ac. Belongs to the Cy- clostomoid group, and has the aspect of a desert species. [Quite distinct from H. Carpenteriana, Bland, Florida.] „ Helix Ayresiana, Newc. Northern Oregon ; Mus. Cal. Ac. Resembles H. reticulata, Pfr., a Californian species not identified by the author. 104. Physa costata, Newcomb. Clear Lake, Cal., Veatch, Mus. Cal. Ac. In the < Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1861,' pp. 367-372, Mr. W. M. Gabb published " Descriptions of New Species of American Tertiary Fossils," in which occur several Californian shells. The authorities for the localities are not given, and the diagnoses are in English only. Considerable confusion often arises from the study of tertiary fossils without knowledge of recent shells, and vice versa. Mr. Gabb's writings on the Cretaceous fossils of Ame- rica display an ability with which this paper is perhaps not commensurate. Some errors which had been found very difficult to understand are here cor- rected by the author himself, who regrets the incompleteness of his earlier work. 368. Turbonilla aspera, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, Miocene. [=ltt#n0n,sp.,teste Gabb, MS.] „ Modelia striata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara, ? Miocene. [ = Lacuna carinata, Gld. teste Gabb MS. and specimens. Mr. Gabb considers that Litorina Ptdroana Conr., is the same species, which is probably not correct.] 369. Sphenia lilirata, Gabb. Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Saxicaxa arctica, jun., var. ; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.] „ Venus rhysomia, Gabb. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [=zPsep1ns tantilla, Gld., teste Gabb MS. and specimens.] 871. Cardita monilicosta. ? Miocene, Sta. Barbara. [Description accords with Venericardia ventricosa, Gld. jun. ; but Mr. Gabb considers it a good species.] „ Morrisia Hornii. ? Miocene. Sta. Barbara. " First pointed out Dy Dr. Horn in a rich fossiliferous marl, and not uncommon." In the « Proceedings of the Calif. Ac, Nat. Sc.' for April 7th, 1862, pp. 170- 172, Mr. W. M. Gabb published detailed English " Descriptions of two Specie , of Cephalopoda in the Museum of the Academy," of which one, Onychoteuthis •fusiformis, is said to be from Cape Horn, the other from California. 170. Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Common near San Francisco. Also abundant in Scammon's Lagoon, Lower California, Capt. C. M. Scammon. Arms more than seven feet long, Dr. W. O. Ayres. " Differs from O. megalocyathns, * That the race of small Pupa is very ancient on the North American continent, as in Europe, is evident from the very interesting discovery, by Prof, pawson, of a fossil Pupt>, in situ, nestling in an upright tree, fossilized in the* Nova Scotian coal-beds; which can scarcely be distinguished, even specifically, from some living forms. 118 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 633 Page. Couth., E. E. Moll. p. 471, in absence of lateral membrane, size of mouth and cupules,' and general coloration." 171. Onychoteuthis fusiformis, Gabb. u Cape Horn/' Mus. Ac. [San Clemente Is., Gal., Cooper, MS.] From- the ' Proc. Cal. Ac. N. S.,' 1863, p. 11, it appears that at least one mollusc, a Teredo or Xylotrya, has already established for itself an economic celebrity. Piles have been entirely destroyed in six months from the time they were placed in the water. On March 2, 1863, Mr. Auguste Remond published, in the same Journal, English " Descriptions of two new Species of Bivalves from the Tertiaries of Contra Costa County: " — 13. Cardium Gabbii, Rem. Late tert. deposit near Kirker's Pass, in shelly sand, with Tapes regular-is, Gabb, and Murex ponderosus, Gabb, both extinct. " Easily recognized by heavy hinge and enormous laterals j lunule cari- nated." [? Liocardiwn.~\ „ Ostrea Bourgeoisii, Rem. Same locality. On April 20, 1863, Dr. Cooper described (in English) the following mol- lusc, of which the only species previously known is from Cuba : — 21. Gundlacliia Californica, Rowell. Fig. 5 (three views). Fifty specimens on water-plants in clear, stagnant ponds, at Marysville, leather River, Roicell. On January 8, 1864, Dr. Newcomb described (in Latin) the following, with other Pulmonates from the State Survey, already tabulated in p. 609 : — 115. Helix Hillebrandi, Newc. Tuolumne Co., Cal. One recent and several fossi shells, M. Voy. Like H. Thouarsii, but depressed and hirsute. The latest contribution to the malacology of California is one of the most interesting. It is described (in Latin) by Dr. Newcomb, Feb. 1, 1864 : — 121. Pedicularia Californica, Newc. One specimen from coral growing on a mon- ster Ecliidnocerus, very tieep water, Farallones Is., D. N. Robinson. " As beautiful as P. eleyantissima, Desh., from Is. Bourbon." [Mr. Pease also ob- tained a deep-water Pedicularia from coral in the Pacific Is., which Mr. Cuming affiliated to the Mediterranean P. Sicula. Dr. Gould (Otia, p. 215) also describes P. decussata, coast of Georgia, 400 fm., U. S. Coast Survey.] 111. The following descriptions of species, and notes on habitats and synonymy, have been collated from various American scientific periodicals, chiefly by the assistance of Mr. Binney's ' Bibliography.' In the ' American Journal of Science and Art,' 0. S., vol. xxxviii. p. 396, April 1840, Dr. A. A. Gould records the following species, said to be from " California." His Trochus vittatus is not known : — Murex tricolor et bicolor. Trochus vittatus. Cardium Califomianum. \ Bulimus undatus. In the ' Annals of the New York Lyceum of Natural History/ vol. iv 1846, No. 5, p. 165, Mr. John H. Redfield first described Triton Oregonense. Straits of San Juan de Fuca : plate 11. fig. 2. In the ' Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,' 1848, vol. iv. p. 121, Mr. T. A. Conrad described new genera, and gave notes oc Parapholas Californica, Cryptomya Californica, and Psammobia Calif arnica, altering Osteodesma hyalina (nom. preoc.) into Lyonsia Floridana. In the same work, March 1854, vol. vii., Mr. Conrad described Cyathodonta undulata, He also states that Gnctthodon trigonum. Petit, is probably identical with G Lecontei, Conr. [?] (nom. prior), and alters genus Triyonella to Pachydesma. 119 634 REPORT— 18G3. In the o and S. Pedro. I. The islands : in the 4th column, generally the Farallones ; in the last, the" Sta. Barbara group. H. Species obtained from the bucks of Haliotids ; locality unknown j probably Lower California. fr. Fragments only. fos. Only found fossil. Nutt. Jew. B. A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. | Defrancia intricata — — D — — — — D BD 2. Rhynconella psittacea 3. Terebratula unguiculus .... 4. Waldheimia pulvinata — — P C — P V V V MB I Q Grayi __ I 7. Terebratella Coreanica 8 - caurina — — P — P V V V pi 9. Xylotrya pennatifera 10 — - — fimbriata — — i V V Guide to the Diagnosis of the Vancouver and Californian Shells. Class POLYZOA. Family Discoporidce. Defrancia intricata, Busk. Maz. Cat. no. 13. From Southern fauna The re- maining species in this class have not yet been determined. Class PALLIOBRANCHIATA. Family Lingulidce. 1. Lingula albida, Hds. Voy. Sulph. ; Rve., Hani., Davidson et auct. 20 fin. c. Cp. Family Rhynconellidce. 2. Khynconella psittacea, Linn. auct. E. & \V. Atlantic : circumpolar. Family Terebratulidee. 3. Terebratula unguiculus, n. s. Like Terebratella caput serpentis in size, shape, and sculpture ; but loop incomplete in adult, as in T. vitrea. 6-20 fin. not r. Cp. 4. Waldheimia pulvinata, Old. E.E. Smooth, subglobular, ashy. 80 fm., living, Cp., CI. C. ? Waldheimia California, Koch, non auct. Colour ashy. Intermediate between Coreanica and alobosa, Lam., Rve. (which is Californica, auct. non Koch). 0. Waldheimia Grayi, Davidson. Very transverse, reddish, deeply ribbed. of ( . 7. Terebratella Coreanica, Ad. & Rve. Voy. Samarang. Old. J\in.?=frontalis, Midd., Asia. Size of (jlobosa; reddish. 8. Terebratella caurina, Gld. E.E. Like dorsata ; subtriangular, ashy, with strong or faint ribs. Class LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Familv Teredidte. 9. Xylotrya pennatifera, Blainv. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1860, p. 126. 10. Xylotryafimbridta, Jetfr. in / * Tj«JLi , .~ T «™ m,;i Ilanl., non Lam. Phil. Ann. Nat. Hist. 18GO, p. I26;mjpalntittatat Fbs. & 122 ON MOLLUSCA OP THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 637 Nutt. Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 11 Zirphrea crispata B B B B B D M B B c D M "c CL P P C C C VOFMB H I MCH PF FD F OFM P P P P P P P P V V V PV V V V V D/K MD M C D D D FBI B D D BI 13 ovoidea 14. Netastoma Darwinii .... 15 Martesia intercalata 16. Parapholas Californica. . . . 17 Saxicava pholadis 18 Glycimeris generosa .... 19. Mya truncata 20. Platyodon cancellatus .... 21. Cryptomya Californica . . 22. Schizothaerus Nuttalli .... 23 Darina declivis 24 Corbula luteola 25. Sphsenia ovoidea 26 Nesera pectinata Family Pholadidfe. 11. Zirphesa crispata, Linn. auct. E. & W. Atlantic and circumpolar. 12. Pholadidea penita, Conr. Hani. auct. = concamerata, Desh. Shape from elongate to ovoid ; umbonal reflexion closely adherent. 13. Pholadidea ovoidea, Gld. Otia. Umbonal reflexion with anterior opening. 14. Netastoma Darwinii, Sby. New submenus : valves prolonged, like duck's bill instead of cups. Surface with concentric frills. Quoted from " S. A." 15. Martesia intercalata, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 19. From Southern fauna. 16. Parapholas Californica, Conr. Hani. auct. = P. Janellii, Desh. Very large j with layers of thin, short cups. Family Saxicavida. 17. Saxicava pholadis, Linn. auct.-J-var. arctica, Linn. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 23-f-var. gastrochcenoidea, ovoid and gaping like Maz. Cat. no. 21-fvar. legumen, Desh., elongate, cylindrical, scarcely gaping. 18. Glycimeris generosa, Gld. E.E. Perhaps = Panopcea Faujasii, S. Wood, Crag Moll. : pipes like Saxicava. Family Myada. 19. Mya truncata, Linn. auct. = M. prcecisa, Gld.v Atlantic : circumpolar. 20. Platyodon cancellatus, Conr. Hani. Pipe-ends 4-valved. Low water : common. Sold in S. Francisco market, Cp. 21. Cryptomya Californica, Conr. Outside like young Mya; mantle-bend nearly obsolete. Subfamily Lutrarinee. 22. Schizotharus Nuttalli, Conr. -f Tresvs maximus, Midd. Gray=Z. capax, Gld. Shape from ovoid to elongate ; very large and tumid ; beaks swollen ; hinge- sides channeled ; mantle-bend joined to ventral line. 23. Darina declivis, n. s. Outside like Macheera. Cartilage-pits produced, gaping. Family Corbulida. 24. Corbula luteola, n. s. Shape of young biradiata ; small, ashy yellow. Com. Cp. 25. Sphania ovoidea, n. s. Siphonal area small ; front excurved ; mantle-bend large. 26. Necera pectitwta, n. s. Principal ribs about 12 : beak smooth. Like sulcata, 40-60 fm. Cp. 123 638 REPORT— 18G3. Nutt Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 27. Clidiophora pimctata .... 28 Kennerlia filosa B — — — ' P — V D , „ I 30. Periploma argentaria .... 3i Thracia curta D B — — — P — v D 39 Lyonsia Califomica B B PC P v MD 83. Entodesma saxicola . . 34. intiata 35. Mytilimeria Nuttalli 86 Plectodon scaber . C r I D P V V V D I 37 Solen sicarius P P P v 37 b. v. rosaceus B ___ D 38. Solecurtus Californianus . . 39 • — subteres B B B B C n — — — — D D 40 Machsera patula OB F Of! VOF v D 41. Sanguinolaria Nuttalli .... 42. Psammobia rubroradiata . . D C c ! P — V DI D Family Pandoridce. 27. Clidiophora punctata, n. g. (Type of genus = Pandora claviculata, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 228.) Teeth f , posterior long, with ossicle. Conr. sp. j like Cl. trilineata, out teeth more divergent ; inside strongly punctate. 28. Kennerliafilosa, n. s. New subgenus of Pandora with ossicle : outer layer ra- diately grooved. Shell "beaked. 29. Kennerlia bicarinata, n. s. Not beaked ; 2 post, keels in convex valve. 40-60 fm. r. Cp. May prove=P. bilirata, Conr. Family Anatinida. 30. Periploma argentaria, Conr. Hani. Large, subquadrate. 31. Thracia curta, Conr. Hani. Strong, subovate. 32. Lyonsia Califomica, Conr. Hani. -\-bracteata-{-nitida,Gld. Outline variable : often close to Atlantic L. Floridana : striated external layer fugacious. 33. Entodesma saxicola, Baird. Subgenus of Lyonsia : animal nestling, irregular. Close to E. cuneata, Ad. & Rve. Form protean : brittle, thick, lurid, with enormous ossicle. Var. cylindracea has the form of Saxicava pholadis. 34. Entodesma inflata, Conr. = diaphana, Cpr. P.Z. S. 1855, p. 228. From Southern fauna. Like picta, but pale, without pinch. 35. Mytilimeria Nuttalli, Conr. Hani. ? Subgenus of Lyonsia : rounded, with spiral umbos. 36. Plectodon sealer, n. g.,n. s. Shape of Theora : dorsal margins twisted-in spirally inside umbos. Lateral teeth laminated, with internal cartilage hidden, ap- pressed. 2 r. valves, 40-60 fm. Cp. Family Sotenida. 37. Solen sicarius, Gld. Otia. Nearly straight, rather short, truncated. 376. Solen ? var. rosaceus. Straight, narrower, longer, smaller j glossy, rosy. Family Solecurtida. 38. Solecurtus Californianus, Conr. Hani. May be a var. of the Peruvian VDombcyi. Yellowish ash, with ventral parallel grooves. A ?var. without grooves closely resembles gibbus. 30. Solec'trtiw sxbteres, Conr. Hani. Small, compact, with violet rays. 40! Machcera patula, l)ixon=& maximus, Wood=:ffrandis, Gmel. = &'%wa Nuttalli ?+lucida, Conr. (var. jun.) Asia. Family TellinidcB. 41. Sanyuinolaria Nuttalli, Conr. Haul. = Psammobia decora, Hds. Flat, rounded. 42 Psammobia rubro-radiata, Nutt. • Large : shape of vespertina : rayed with lilac. 124 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. Ooy Nutt. Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 1 43. Macoma secta D 0 OD 0 B B C 00 O OF C MIL PO VPOF 0 OF D DL F O D P P P P P P P P V V V V V V V v v V V D D D MD F FM D MI D M D D DI DI 43 b. v. edulis 45. yoldiformis 47. inquinata 48. v. expansa 49 inconspicua ....... 50. Angulus modestus 506 obtusus 51 — — — variegatus 52 Gouldii 53. Maera salmonea .... 54 Tellina Bodeo-ensis 55. Arcopagia lamellata .. 56. (Edalia subdiaphana 57. Cooperella scintilleeformis . 58. Lutricola alba 43. Macoma secfo, Conr. Hani. Large, flat, rounded, glossy; winged behind ligament. 43 b. Macoma var. edulis, Nutt. Northern form, less transverse ; texture dull. 44. Macoma indentata, n. s. Like secta, jun., but beaked, indented, and ventrally produced. 45. Macoma yoldiformis, n. s. Small, white, glossy, very transverse ; ligament-area scooped-out. 46. Macoma nasuta, Conr. and. -\-tersa, Gld. Large, beaked, twisted; mantle- bend touching- opposite scar in one valve. From Kamtschatka to S. Die-zo. Cape Lady Franklin, 76°, Belcher, 1826. 3 ft., mud, between tide-marks, Lord. 47. Macoma inquinata, Desh. P. 7*. S. 1854, p. 357. Like degraded nasuta ; mantle- bend a little separated from scar in both valves. 47 b. Macoma ?edentula, Brod. & Sby. jun. ; or an abnormal var. of inquinata. 48. Macoma ?var. expansa. Scars like lata and calcarea in Mus. Cum., but teeth not bifid, very thin, glossy. Greenland. Scarcely differs from lata, Desh. in B. M. 49. Macoma inconspicua, Br. & Sby. = Sang. Calif orniana, Conr. Probably = " Fa- bricii=fragilis, Fabr." in Mus. Cum. Like thin, flat solidula : pink ; var. Like tener, Say; but with callus large, white. 8-15 fm. Lyall. 60. Angulus modestus, n. s. (Subg. of Tellina.) between mantle-bend and scar. "White. 50 b. Angulus ?var. obtusus. Inside like modestus ; but beaks obtuse. 51. Angulus variegatus, n. s. Shape of obtusus : no callus ; rayed with pink and yellow. 20-60 fm. r. Cp. 52. Angulus Gouldii, Hani. MS. in Mus. Cum. Small, white ; ant. ventr. side swollen. 53. Mcera salmonea, n. s. (Scarcely differs from Angulus.} Small, subquadrate, glossy, salmon-tinted. Beach-20 fm. Cp. 54. Tellina Bodegensis, Hinds, Voy. Sulph. Large, strong, transverse, with con- centric grooves. 55. Arcopagia lamellata, Maz. Cat. no. 68. One fine pair in shell washings. 56. (Edalia subdiaphana, n. g., n. s. Thin, swollen, shape of Kellia, ligament sur- rounding beaks : hinge with 5 bifid teeth (3-2) ; no laterals ; large mantle- bend. 57. Cooperella scintillceformis, n. s. New subgenus of (Edalia. Cartilage semi- internal : only 1 tooth bifid. 68. Lutricola alta, Conr. (Tellina). For this group (= Capsa, "Bosc," Add. non Lam.), scarcely agreeing with either Macoma or Scrobicularia, Blainville's 125 640 REPORT 18G3. Nutt. Jew. B. A. Sin it hi. Ins. Ki-n. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 59 Semele decisa . . D D c D I D T) v D D 63. mcongriia 64. Cumingia Californica .... 65. Donax Califomicus 66 flexuosus B B D B c DL — — I DI D 67 navicula D D 68. Heterodonax bimaculatus 69. Standella Californica (396. nasuta D B B 0 L F — — V/K D D ?D 70. planulata B D 71. falcata p P v 72 Raeta undulata . . T, D 73. Clementia subdiaphana . . 74 Amiantis callosa . . B B f! L P V — D 75. Pachydesma crassatelloides 76. Psephis tantilla BD B B C FM o P y Y D I synonymic name may be revived in restricted sense. Sv)ecies=bian(julata) P. Z. S. 1855, p. 230. 59. Semele decisa, Com*, auct. Large, rough, like Peruvian corntaata, but truncated. 60. Semele rupium, Sby. Smaller, rough, swollen; with smaller mantle-bend. Galapagos. Not r. Cp. 61. Semele rubrolineata, (? Conr.). Flattened, same shape, with faint sculpture each way, and pink rays. [Conrad's lost shell may be young decisa.^ 62. Semele pulchra, Sby. Transverse, crowded concentric sculpture, with radiating lines at sides. Southern fauna. 63. Semele incongma, n. s. Like pulchra, with concentric sculpture differing in r. and 1. valves : fine radiating striae all over. 40-69 fm. c. Cp. 64. Cumingia Californica, Conr. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 44. 65. Donax Calif ornicus, Conr. (non Desh.) = obesus, Gld. (non Desh.). Smooth, stumpy : outline and colour variable. 66. Donax flexuosus, Gld. Like punctostriata jun. with stronger keel, and no punctures. 67. Donax navicula, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 77. From Southern fauna. 68. Heterodonax bimaculatus. Broad var., generally violet, = Psammobia Pacifica, Conr.= Tellina vicina, C. B. Ad. Cape St. Lucas, Acapulco, W. Indies. Family Mactrida. 69. Standella Californica, Conr. (non Desh.). Large, shaped like Schiz. Nuttalli, but beaks narrow. Mantle-bend separate from ventral line. 696. Standella ? var. nasuta, Gld. (suppressed). Revived for young shells between Californica and planulata, till more is known./ 70. Standella planulata, Conr. Nearly as large ; shape approaching Mactrella exoleta. 71. Standella falcata, Gld. Otia. Shape like planulata, but flatter. 72. llaeta undulata, Gld. Otia. Like the Atlantic R. canaliculata, but reversed. Rare at S. Pedro, Cp. Family Veneridce. 73. ? Clementia subdiaphana, n. s. Plinge normal, verv thin, ashy. 74. Amiantis callosa, Conr. (not auct.). Subgenus of Callista: hinge-plate rough- ened as in Mercenaria : mantle-bend as in Dosinia. L. w. com. Cp. 76. Pachydesma crassatelloides, Conr. auct. Subgenus of Trigona, with fewer teeth : jun. = stultorum, Gray. 76. Pscphis tantilla, Gld. Otia. Subgenus of Vmus : animal ovoviviparous. Teeth elongate, approaching Pachydesma. Small, with purple spot. 12-20 fin. c. Cp, 126 ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST CO.AST OF NOTiTH AMERICA. 641 Nutt. Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 77. Psephis Lordi __ P V V I __ _ DI 79. tellimyalis II 80. Venus Kennerleyi _ ___ , P _ V _^ 81. Chione succincta .... BD D 0 D 82. excavata D D D o L ___ D 84. fluctifraga V D c D D 85. Tapes tenerrima B F F v D 86 laciniata M D D 87 staminea . DO F F FD FD 87 6. var. Petitii c VPOM P v v FM 87 c. var. ruderata 88. Saxidomus aratus — — F V FD 89. Nuttallii D D o FD 90. squalidus F o VPOF P v v 91. brevisiphonatus .... 92. Rupellaria lamellifera .... 93. Petricola carditoides .... D BD BD M MB c c c D F LH P V V M M D R B c MD FMD 77. Psephia Lordi, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863. Teeth normal : pure white. 20-40 fm. c. Cp. 78. Psephis salmonea, n. s. Very small, rounded, teeth elongate : salmon-coloured. 30-40 fm. r. Cp. 79. Psephis tettimyalis, n. s. Shape of Tellimya : central tooth minute j outside teeth long. 80. Venus Kennerleyi, Rve. Large, transverse, flattened, ashy: strong cone. ribs. Young like astartea, Midd. (notfrtctuata, Gld.). 81. Chione succincta, Val. = Calif orniensis, Brod. = Nuttatti, Conr. Cone, ribs smooth. 82. Chione excavata, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 216. Scarcely differs from cancellata. Possibly exotic. 83. Chione simillima, Sby. Finely sculptured each way. 84. Chione fluctifraga, Sby.+callosa, Sby. Like Stutchbnryi : swollen, irregular. 85. Tapes tenerrima, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 200, (jun.)= V. rigida, Gld. pars, f. 538. Very large, thin, flat ; long pointed sinus. 86. Tapes laciniata, n. s. Large, swollen, brittle, ashen ; sculpture pectinated. 87. Tapes staminea, Conr. Strong, shape of decussata ; sculpture close ; yellowish. Var. diversa, Sby.=mundulus, Rve. More swollen, clouded with chocolate. Var. Petitii, T)esh.=rigida, Gld. pars. Dead white, sculpture stronger faint, open or close. 2 ft. deep in mud, between tides, Lord. Var. tumida, Sby. "Very swollen. Var. orbella, rounded, globose. Var. ruderata, Desh. Con- centric sculpture laminated. 88. Saxidomus aratus, Gld. Otia. Very large, oval, with regular concentric ridges. 89. Saxidomus Nuttallii, Conr. auct. Transverse, subquadrate, irregularly grooved. 90. Saxidomus squalidus, Desh. Large, variable outline, broader, scarcely sculp- tured. 91. Saxidomus brcvisiphonatus, n. s. Smaller, Callista-shaped ; close, faint concen- tric lines over distant waves ; mantle-bend very small. Family Petricolidce. 92. Rupellaria lamellifera, ConT. = Cordieri, Desh. With large concentric laminas. No radiations. 93. Petricola carditoides, Conr. + Californica, Com\+cylindracea, Desh.+arcuata, Desh. -\-gibba, Midd. Of various aspects, like Saxicava. Normally shaped like Cypricardia, with fine sculpture like Naranio. Family Chamidce. 94. Chama exogyra, Conr. Reversed ; texture opaque ; rudely frilled. 95. Cliama pettucida, Sby. Dextral, texture porcellanous, rosy j closelv frilled. S.A. 1863. 107 643 SPOET — 186& JNutt. Jew. B. A. i! Smiths. Ins. II Ken. Lord. Swan.! Cooper iHJ. Uhama spinosa 07. Cardium corbis OB 15 D B/, B oc p c VPOF D H D P P P P P P V V V V V V V V ?D t 1 I T) D I PC I I MUI I 1 DI 98. quadragenarium f)9 . — var blanduni 100. var. centifilosum .... 101. Hemicardium biangnlatimi 102. fcjerripes Groenlandicus. . . . 103. Liocardium elatum 104. — — substriatum . . . 105. Astarte compacta 106. Esquimalti .... 107 fluctuata 108. Miodon prolongatus D D D p 109. Venericardia borealis .... 109 b. var. ventricosa .... 110 Lazaria subquadrata 111. Lucina Nuttallii 112 Californica . . . 113. bclla 114. tenuisculpta 96. CJiama spinosa, Sby. Ridges broken into close short spines. Maz. Cat. no. 122. Family Cardiadee. 97. Cardium corbis, Mart.=JVw#o//z-}- Calif ornianum, Conr. Large, earthen, rather nodulous ; posterior margin strongly indented by 2 first ribs. Asia. 8-15 fm. Lyall. Jun. in stomach of starfish, 12 fm. Lord. 98. Cardium quadraaenarium, Com.=luteolabrum (=xanthocheilum), Old. Very large ; 40 ribs, with aculeate spines. 99. Cardium var. blandum, Gld. Otia. Delicate form of the Asiatic pseiidofossfle, Rve. = Calif orniense, Desh. Transverse; close, flat ribs; margin regular. 8-15 fm. tyall 100. Cardium var. centifilosum. Probably=modestfMm, Ad. & Rve. ; but rounder, ribs sharper and more distant. Belongs to subg. Fulvia, Gray. 30-40 fm. Cp. 101. Hemicardium biangulatum, Sby. Southern fauna. 10-20 fm. living. Cp. 102. Serripes Groenlandicus, Chem. auct. Boreal. Rounder than S. Lapcrousii. 103. Liocardium elatum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 124. Gulf fauna. Very large, Cp. 104. Liocardium substriatum, Com'.=cruentatum, Gld. Almost identical with the Peruvian Elenense. Family Astartida. 105. Astarte compacta, n. s. Like compressa, but closer ; dorsal margins straight, at right angles. 106. Astarte Esquimalti, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 70. Subtrigonal ; ribs irregular. 107. ? Astarte fluctuata, n. s. Very close to Omalii, jun. of Coralline Crag. 2 right v. 30-40 im. Cp. 109. Venericardia borealis, Conr. N. Atlantic, from Miocene. 120 fm. Cat. Is. Cp. 109 b. Venericardia var. ventricosa, Gld. Small, swollen. 30-40 fm. Cp. 110. Lazaria subquadrata, n. s. Hinge of Lazaria: outside like Cardita varic(/ata,j\in, Family Lucinidee. 111. Lucina Nuttallii, Conr. Hani. Like muricata, with more delicate P "ulpture. 112. Lucina Californica, Conr. Dosinoid, with waved lunule. Jun. ? = L. Artemldis, P. Z.S. 1856, p. 201. 113. Lucina bella, Conr. Shell not known ; maybe =zpectinata, Maz. Cat. no. 142. 114. Lucina tenuisrul> fa. n. s. Like Mazatlanica, Cat. no. 144, more convex, with finer sou1 p lure. 4 I'm. living, Cp. The island var. is intermediate. 120 I'm. dead, C>. ON MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 643 Nutt Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 115. Lucina borealis B MD C PC B B B C C C M B B C C c c F F C P C D M M H PFC PC FH VH M P P P P P P P P P V V V V V V V V V V V I I I? D D DI I D D D FDI F DI D M 116. Cryptodon flexuosus 118 Diplodonta orbella 119 Kellia Lap6rousii » . 1196. var. Chironii 120 rotundata 121 • suborbicularis 122 Lasea rubra 124. Lepton meroeum 125 Tellimya tumida 12(5. Pristes oblonons 127. Mytilus Califomianus . . . . 128. edulis 128 b. var. glomeratus . . 129. Septifer bifiircatus 130 Modiola capax 132 fornicata 133. recta D 115. Lucina borealis, Linn. auct. -\-acutilineata, Com*. Widely diffused, from Coral- line Crag. Philippines, teste Cuming. 30-120 fm. Cp. 116. Ci'yptodon+flexuosus, Mont. auct. Atlantic, circumpolar. Cat. Is. 120 fm. Cp. 117. Cn/ptodon serricatus, n. s. Small, circular, flat; epidermis silken. ? Cat. Is. Cp. 120 fm. Family Diplodontidte. 118. Diplodonta orbella, Gld. Otia.=(J/*/««) Splicer ella tumida, Conr. Family Kelliada. 119. Kettia Laperousii, Desh. Woodw. Typically large, strong, transverse. 119 b. Kellia var. Chironii. Thinner, less transverse, margins rounded. 120. Kellia rotundata, n. s. Larger, flatter, and less pearly than suborbicularis. Margin circular. 121. Kettia suborbicularis. Mont. auct. Maz. Cat. no. 153. N. Atlantic : W. Mexico. Exactly accords with British sp. 30-40 fm. Cp. 122. Lasea rubra, , Mont, auct. Maz. Cat. no. 154. N.Atlantic: W. Mexico. Exactly accords with British sp. 123. Pi/thin i rw/ifera, n. s. Large, thin, slightly indented ; teeth minute j epidermis shaggy. 124. Lepton meroeum, n. s. Small, shaded like Sunapta. 125. Tellimya tumida, n. s. Between bidentata and substriata : ossicle minute. 126. Pristes oblongus, n. g., n. s. Like Tellimya, with long marginal teeth, serrated near hinge. Family Mytilidce. 127. Mytilus Califomianus, Conr. 9 in. long : stained with sienna : obsoletely ribbed. 128. Mytilus edidis, Linn. o,\ict.=trossulm, Grid. Abundant on whole coast, with the usual Atlantic vars. Between tide-marks, Lord : also brown var. on float- ing stick. 128 5. Mytilus ? var. glomeratus, Gld. Otia. Short, stumpy, solid, crowded. 129. Septifer bifurcatus, Rve. Outside like Mytilm b. Conr. from Sandw. Is. 180. Modiola capax, Conr. Maz. Cat. no. 170. From Southern fauna. 131. Modiola modiolus, Linn. auct. Circumboreal. 8-15 fm. jun. Lyall. 132. Modiola fornicata, n. s. Short, swollen, like large M. marmorata j but smooth, not crenated. 133. Modiola recta, Conr. 6 in, long, thin, narrow, rhomboidal. Chaff-like hairs- over glossy epidermis. 9 129 644 REPORT 18G3. NuttJJew. B. A. Smiths. In-. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 133 b. Modiola var. flabellata. . 134. Adula falcata 135. stylina 136. Lithophagus plumula. . . . 137. attenuatus 138. Modiolaria laevigata 139. marmorata 140. Crenella decussata 141. Area multicostata 142. Barbatia gradata 143. Axinaea intermedia 144. var. subobsoleta 145. Nucula tenuis 146. Acila castrensis 147. Leda cselata 148. cuneata 149. minuta 150. fossa 151. hamata . M M VP FM OFM M H \) GDI V D MDI I MD MDI BI 133 b. Modiola v&x.flabellata, Gld. Northern form, somewhat broader. 134. Adula falccita, Gld. Otia. Subgenus enlarged to include species intermediate between Modiola and Lithophagus : shape of latter, byssiferous like former, nestling in crypts. Sp. = Gruneri, Phil. MS. Shape not always falcate: chestnut, rugose. 135. Adula stylina, n. s. Shorter, broader ; epidermis brown, glossy. 136. Lithophagus plumula, Hani. Maz. Cat. no. 175. From Southern fauna. 137. Lithophagus attenuatus, Desh. Maz. Cat. no. 173. From Southern fauna. 138. Modiolaria lavigata, Gray. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Cir- cumboreal. 139. Modiolaria marmorata, Fbs. & Hani. Exactly accords with Atlantic speci- mens. Circumboreal. 140. Crenella decussata, Mont. Exactly accords with Atlantic specimens. Circum- boreal. 10-40 fin. not r. Cp. Family Arcadcz. 141. Area multicostata. Sbv. Maz. Cat. no. 181. ( -& a ,v ,. 142. Xarbatia gradata, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 194. f From Southem fauna- 143. Aiinaa intermedia, Brod. = Harbarensis, Conr. fossil. Closely accords with the Peruvian specimens. 40-60 fm. Cp. 144. A'rinnea (? septentrionalis, Midd. var.) subobsoleta. Sculpture much fainter than in Middy's fig. Family Nucididas. 145. Nucula tenuis, Mont. auct. Agrees with var. lucida, Gld. Circumboreal. 146. Acila castrensis, lids. Sulph. +£?/«/&, Baird. Subg, of Nucula with divari- cate sculpture ; only known in Crag and N. Pacific. 40-60 fm. Cp. 147. Leda ccdata, lids. Sulph. Swollen, strongly sculptured : teeth veiy numerous. 10-60 fm. Cp. 148. Leda cuneata, Sby. D'Orb. testeHanl. {Scarcely differs from commutata, Phil. in Mus. C\im.) = inoniata, A. Ad. Chili. 0-60 fm. Cp. 149. Leda minuta, O. Fabr. teste Hani. Circumboreal. Agrees with Norwegian specimens of " caudata, Don." teste M'Andr. 150. Leda fossa, Baird, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 71. Between minufa and jwntefa. Sculp- ture nearly obsolete. J61. Leda hamata, n. s. Like Stcenstrvpi and permdoides, but very hooked, sculp* ture strong. 20-60 fm. c. Cp. 130 OX MOLLUSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 645 Nutt Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 152. Yoldia lanceolata 153. amygdala BD BD C B B B D D Cjn. C P* P C C 0 C H D D DL VO PM VPO P P P P P P P V V V V V V V V y BI ?C MDI DI M BD I D D MD D F 155. Bryophila setosa .-. . . 156. Lima orientalis 157. Limatula subauriculata . . 158 Pecten hastatus 159. ?var. Hindsii 160. var. aequisulcatus . . 161. paucicostatus 162. ?var. latiauritus .... ] 62&. monotimeris 163. Amusium caurinum .... 1 64. Janira dentata 165. Hinnites giganteus 166. Ostrea lurida 152. Yoldia lanceolata, J. Sby. Hani. = arctica, Brod. & Sby. (Not Adrana L, Lam. G. Sby.) With ant. diagonal lines. 153. Yoldia amygdala, var. teste Hani. Like lanceolata, without posterior wing, and anterior sculpture. Family ? Trigoniadce. 154. Verticordia ornata, D'Qrb.=novemcostata, Ad. &Rve. Samarang. Exactly accords with Chinese types. S. A. 20-40 fin. Op. Family Aviculidce. 155. Bryophila setosa, n. g., n. s., Ann. N. H. 1864, p. 10. Like minute, broad Pinna, Animal ovoviviparous. Sta Barbara, 20 fin. Cp. Family Pectinidce. 156. Lima orientalis, Ad. & Eve., Samarang, in Mus. Cum.= dehiscens, Conr. fossil, teste Cp. Very close to young of L. hians, var. tenera. Beach to 20 fm. c. Cp. 157. Limatula sulauricidata, Mont. Fbs. & Hani. Circumboreal. Fossil in Crag. Islands, 40-120 fin. not r. ; S. Diego, 1 valve, 4 fin. Cp. 158. Pecten hastatus, Sby. = hericeus, Gld. Elongated ; a few principal ribs serrated ; ^ ears unequal. In var. rubidus, Hds. (non Mart.), the ribs are equal, not serrated. 159. Pecten (?var.) Hindsii. Broader; ribs close, small, smooth, bifurcating. Passes from hastatus towards Islandicus. 160. Pecten cequisidcatus, ? n. s. Thinner and flatter than ventricosus, with narrower ribs. 161. Pecten paucicostatus, ? n. s. Somewhat resembling very young caurinus ; but ribs fewer, stronger. 162. Pecten latiauritus, Conr. (pars). Ribs sharply denned, with sharp concentric laminae. Possibly an extreme form of lQ2b.Pecten monotimeris, Com. = tunica, Phil. -\-Iatiauritus, Conr. pars. Passes into Amusium. Very slanting, thin, with faint ribs. 163. Amusium caurinum, Gld. E. E. Large, flat, thin, very inequivalve. Var. = Yessoensis, Jay. Japan. 164. Janira dentata, Sby. = excavata, Val. Ven. Like media. From the Gulf fauna. Beach-20 fm. Cp. Family Spondylida. »65. Hinnites giganteus, Gray, Analyst. = Poulsoni, Conr. Very large, Spondyloid : ligament as in Pedum, strongly adherent along the ears. Family Ostreidtc. 66. Ostrea lurida, n. s. Shape of edulis : texture dull, lurid, olivaceous, with purple stains. 2-3 fin. on mud flats, Lord. 131 646 REPORT— 1863. Nutt. Jew. B.A. Smiths. lus. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 1666. Ostrea var. laticaudata . . — 1(36 D 242. paleacea B 242 b. var. triangularis . . 243. Acmsea patina f! n n VFM P v v M FA1BI 244. pelta n f! n VFM P V y FA1 BI 244 b. var. Asmi B I M 245. persona o f! n YF P y y FBDI 246. scabra T) 0 0 Dili MDI 247. spectrum T) f! r, FDH MBD 248. rosacea B MD 249. Lottia gigantea n FMIL MBDI 250. Scurria mitra . . M r, pn VPF P y y MI 250 b. ?var. funiculata . . M 236. Leptochiton nexus, n. s. Like asellus : scarcely sculptured : mantle-margin with striated chaffy scales, like Magdalensis. interspersed with transparent needles. 20-80 fin. Cp. 237. Acanthochites avicula, n. s. Like arragonites, but valves sculptured in large snake-skin pattern. 8-20 fm. r. Cp. Family Patellidez. 238. Nacella imtabilis, Old. E.E. Large : shape of compressa. 239. Nacella incessa, Hds. Sulphur. Small : Ancyloid. 240. ? Nacella subspiralis, n. s. Shaped like Emarginula rosea, and may be a Sciitcl- lina. 10-20 fm. Cp. 241. Nacella depicta, Hds. Sulphur. Small, long, flat, smooth : colour in rays. 242. Nacella paleacea, Gld. Otia. Narrower, brown, striated at each end. 2426. Nacella ?var. triangularis. Shorter: apex raised: scarcely striated : whitish ^ with brown spots. Family Acmaidee. (For synonyms, v. Reports in loci?*) 243. Acmaa patina, Esch. Large, blackish or tessellated: with very fine distant striae. Between tides, Lord. 244. Acmeea pelta, Esch. More conical; border narrow; smooth, with blunt ribs often obsolete. Between tides, Lord. 244 b. Acmeea ?var. Asrrn, Midd. Stout, small, black, conical. Probably an ab- normal growth of pelta, jun. (1 sp. beginning on pelta) Cp. £-15. Acmesa persona, Esch. Smaller: apex posterior: colour blotched or freckled : sculpture in irregular ribs. Maz. Cat. no. 266. Var. umbonata, arched, with narrow distant ribs. Var. digitalis, apex near margin. Var. textilis, apex far from margin, approaching pelta. 246. Acmcea scabra, mitt. Rve. Outside with close rows of fine granules : orange- red tint, glossy. Var. limatula, sculpture stronger, border black : perhaps = Maz. Cat. no. 265. 247. Acmaa spectrum, Nutt. Rve. Flattened, with verv strong ribs, irregular. 248. Acmeea (?pileolus, Midd. var.) rosace?. Pink, small : like Herm specimens of virginea. 249. Lottia gigantea, Gray. Genus reconstituted : mantle with papillae interrupted in front. Shell large, flat, dark, lustrous (= Tecturclla (jrandis, Smiths. Inst. Check List). 250. Scurria mitra, Esch. Papillje all round the mantle. White, conical : young sometimes faintly sculptured. In dead clam, 12 fm. Lord. 250 b. Scurria ? var. funiculata. With rounded riblets; somewhat aoduloua. 136 ON MOLLTTSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 251. Lepeta caecoides 252. Gadinia (Rowellia) 253. Fissurella volcano 254. Glyphis aspera 255. — — densiclathrata 256. Lucapina crenulata 257. Puncturella cucullata 258. galeata 259. Cooperi 260. Haliotis Craclierodii 261. splendens 262. corrugata ! 263. rufescens 264. Kamtschatkana 265. Phasianella compta 266. Pomaulax undosus 267. Pachypoma gibberosum . . Kutt. .Tew. 1>. A. li-M.'.-ths. In*. Ken. M ?B D M B C C C BD C oc C C p p C C C C C C C FDIL DIL D D FI D L M ~ Lord. Swan. V ?v Cooper. I DI M T MI MDI I M DI MDI 1)1 MB 251. Lepeta cteco'ides, ?n. s. Like cceca, but apex turned back. Farallone I/,, teste R. D. Darbishire. Family Gadiniadce. 252. Rotvellia, sp. Genus proposed by Cooper : tentacles flattened, pectinated. Cat. Is. Cp. Far. Is. Row. Family Fissurellidee. 253. Fissurella volcano, Rve. = ornata, Nutt. Approaches Peruviana : hole variable. 254. Glyphis aspera, Esch.=Zwco/w, Gray=cro&Yw, Gld. Large, coarsely sculp- tured, with colour-rays. 255. Glyphis densiclathrata, Rve. Smaller : with closer, finer sculpture. 256. Lucapina crenulata, Sbv. Tank. Very large : internal. 257. Puncturella cucullata, Gld. E.E. Large, with strong, variable ribs, 15-40. Hole simple. 258. Puncturella galeata, Gld. E.E. Scarcely differs from noachina, but tripartite process more strongly marked. 259. Puncturella Cooperi, n. s. Outside like galeata, but without props to the lamina. 30-120 fin. not r. Cp. Family Haliotidce. 260. Haliotis Cracherodii, Leach, auct. The trade species, smooth, dark olive : holeg 5-9. Var. Califomiensis, holes 9, 10, 11. 261. Haliotis splendens, Rve. Flatter, grooved, lustrous. Holes 4-7. Below tide : on rocks, Cp. 262. Haliotis corrugata, Gray. Large, arched, very rough. Holes 3-5. Below tide : on rocks, Cp. 263. Haliotis rufescens, Swains. Large, flatter, waved, rich orange-red. Holes 3-5. Below tide : on rocks, Cp. 264. Haliotis Kamtschatkana, Jonas. Small, thin, arched, waved. Holes 4, 5. Below tide : on rocks, Far. Is. Cp. Family Trochidee. 265. Phasianella compta, Gld. Otia. Maz. Cat. no. 284. Like puUus, a little longer and natter ; but operc. bevelled and striated, r Var. puttoides, exactly like Herm shells : ? var. elatior, dwarfed, longer and flatter : var. punciwata, with close rows of dots ; pillar chinked. 8-20 fin. Cp. 266. Pomaulax undosus, Wood. Very large : operculum with 2 ridges. 267. Pachypoma gibberosum, Chem. ?=in(equale} Mart. Large, rough : operc. swollen, simple. (Dead.) 137 653 REPORT— 18G3. Nutt.l Jew. B. A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 268. ? Imperator serratns .... 269. Leptonvx sanguineus .... 270. bacula M M C B M M M M B B M C M M 0 C C c D C C C c c c c OFMI FI L FMDI L D M VFMI M P P "v V V V V V V V MI MI I I MI 11 D DI MD DI M D I DI M 272. acuticostata 273. Ethalia supravallata .... 273 b. var. invallata .... 274. Livona picoides 275. Trochiscus Norrisii 276. convexus 277. Chlorostoma fimebrale . . 2776. var. subapertum .... 278. gallina 279. brunneum 280. Pfeifferi ' 281. aureotinctum 282. Omphalius fuscescens .... 283. Calliostoma canaliculatum 284. costatum 285. annulatum 286. varie^atum 268. ? Imperator serratus, n. s. Small, finely sculptured, base stellate, nucleus Plan- orboid : operc. Hat, with more whirls. 10-20 fm. = 266 or 267 jun. teste Cp. 269. Leptonyx sanyuineus, Linn. n. g. Like Collonia, not umbilicate. Operc. with horny and shelly layers, many whirls, outside flattish, not ribbed, margin broad. Species red 'or purple, lirate. Bch.-20 fm. Cp. 270. Leptonyx bacula, u. s. Small, ashy, Ilelicina-shaped, nearly smooth. Bch. d. Cp. Genus=IIomalopoma, p/537 : nom. preoc. 271. Liotia fenestrata, n. s. Small. Strongly ribbed each way. Bch.-40 fm. d. Cp. 272. Liotia^ acuticostata, n. s. Small. Sharply keeled, without radiating sculpture. 10-20 fin. Cp. 273. Ethalia supravallata, n. s. Minute : with keel and furrow near suture. 2736. .Ethalia ?var. invallata. Without keel. 274. Livona picoides, Old. Otia. Probably the remnant of an ancient colony of pica. 275. Trochiscus Norrisii, Sby. Tank. Nucleus as in Solarium : perhaps a Probosci- difer, though pearly. 276. Trochiscus convexus, n. &. Small, subturrited, whirls swollen : umbilicus with 2 ribs, the outer crenated. 277. Chlorostoma funebrale, A. Ad. P. Z. S. 1854, p. SI6=marginatum, Nutt. non Rve. Blackish, often puckered near suture. 2776. Chlorostoma funebrale, var. subapertum, with umbilical pit. 278. Chlorostoma gallina, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271. Olive, dashed with purple. Var. pyriformis, Old., umbilicus partly or wholly open. 279. CJilorostoma brunneum, Phil. Auburn : finely striate : Gibbuloid aspect. The young (teste Cp.) has a basal rib. 280. Chlorostoma Pfeifferi, Phil. Like brunneum : outside Ziziphinoid : umbilicus keeled. 281. Chlorostoma aureotinctum, Fbs. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 271 =nigerrimum, Gmel. ? Mus. Cum. Gibbuloid : with distant grooves and fine sculpture ; mouth orange- spotted. 282. Omphalius fuscescens, Phil. Almost identical with liyulatus, Maz. Cat. no. 293. 283. Calliostoma canaliculatum, Mart.=6fo/ 1 309. adunca B on P P V v NT>T 310 ni°"osa B B r o 1)1 311 navicelloidcs M r OI v y I 311 b. var. nummaria .... p V 311 c. var. explanata C M V V 312. Galerus fastigiatus p P v y 313. contortus MPI 314. Hipponvx cranioides .... _ V 315. antiquatus ?B ?MT 316. serratus 1 317. tumens B MT>T 318. Serpulorbis squamigerus . . 319. Bivonia compacta . . [gma B B c D — — V D 320. Petalocouchus macrophra- 321. Spiroglyphus lituella .... D B — — C — = = • = Order PECTINIBRANCHIATA. Suborder ROSTIUFERA. Family Crucibulum spinosum, Sby. Maz. Cat. no. 344. From Southern fauna. Crepidula aculeata, Gmel. Maz. Cat. no. 334. From Southern fauna. Round the world. Crepidula ? dorsata, Brod., var. lingulata, Gld. E.E. = var. Wofaita, Ma/. Oat. no. 336= C. bilobata, Rve. Appears identical with the S. American shells. Crepidula excavata, Brod. Maz. Cat. no. 337. S. American. Crepidula adunca, Sby. Tar\k.=solida, IIds.=rostrifonms, Gld. E.E. Dark liver, rough epidermis, solid deck with produced sides. [Not uncata, Mke.= rostrata, C. B. Ad., Rve.=acfemca, Maz. Cat. no. 3o8.J .Between tides, Lord] 10 fm. Cp. Crepidula rugosa, Nutt. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 224. Probably northern var. oi unyx, Sby. Maz. Cat. 340, with epidermis less shaggy. Crepidula navicelloides, Nutt. Shape of squama, with nucleus of unrjuifonnis (Maz. Cat. no. 342). Rounded rar. in hollow bivalves=mw?y/i«/-wi, Old. Var. drawn out in layers like Lcssomi—fimbriata, Rve. Var. elongated in crypts, scooped by crab or bivalve=erp/a«ata, Gld. =exudata, Nutt.=per- forans, Val. Galerus fastigiatus, Gld. E.E. Like mamillaris, nucleus large, immersed. Large, in 8^-15 fm. Lyoll. Galerus contortus, n. s. Whirls twisted : nucleus minute, prominent. 20-40 fm, Cp. Family Capulida. Hipponyx cranioides, n. s. Large, rough, flat, intermediate between planatus and Hipponyx antiquatus, Linn. Maz. Cat., no. 347. From Southern fauna. Hipponyx serratus, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 346. From Southern fauna. Hipponyx tunwns, n. s. Growth like Helcion : sculpture more open than barbatus. Family Vermetidce. ai8. Serpulorbis squamigerus, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 226 (not Aides). Large, scaly. Verm, anellum, Morch, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 359, is perhaps the young. 319. Bivonia compacta, n. s. Entirely open within : but colour and growth like 31'U. I'etaloconchus macrophraqma, Cpr. Maz. Cat. no. 359. From Southern fauna. 321. Spiroglijphus litwlla, Moich, P. Z. b. 1861, p. 154 140 305. 306. 807. 309. 810. 311. 812. 813. 314. 315. 316. 317. ON MOLLTJSCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. bbb Nutt. Jew. B.A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 322. Caecum crebricinctum .... 323 Cooperi — — — — — — — MDI DI 324 Turritella Cooperi 325. — — Jewettii — B/» — D ?fos. — — — DI 326 Mesalia lacteola P v 326 b. var. subplanata . . 327 tenuisculpta — — — — - P V D MB 0 0 CF FD 329 Bittium filosum p P P v v 329 b. ?var. esuriens .... 330. attenuatum — B M v MD 331 quadrifilatuni D B 332 asperum B/!s DI 333 armillatum . . . B'A D 334. fastioiatum B 335 Litorina planaxis , . . 0 e 0 FBI MDT 336. Sitchana o PO P v v 324. Turritella Cooperi, n. s. 325. Turritella Jewettii, n. s. 326. Mesalia lacteola, ? n. s. Family Ccecidce. 822. CfPcum crebricinctum, n. s. Large, with aspect of Elephantulum, but very fine close annular sculpture ; plug subungulate. 8-20 fm. Cp. 323. Ccecum Cooperi, n. s. Small, with 30-40 sharp narrow ring-;. Family TurriteUidce. Extremely slender, with many narrow whirls, c. Oi', Like sanguinea, with very faint sculpture. __ May be a local var. of the circumpolar lactea, with altered sculpture : distinct, teste Cumino;. 326 b. Mesalia ?var. subplanata. Sculpture fainter : whirls flattened. 327. Mesalia tenuisculpta, n. s. Very small, slender, whirls rounded, lip waved. Shoal-water, Cp. Family Cerithiadce. 328. Cerithidea sacrata, Gld. E.E.= Ca/z/brmca, Nu.it. -\-pullata, Gld. Variable in shape and sculpture : passes into Mazatlanica, Maz. Cat. no. 395. 329. * Bittium filosum, Gld. E.E.=jKsc/«7cAfoY, Midd. Strong, broad, grooved. S29&. Bittium ?var. esuriens. Like starved filosum, very narrow, adult scarcely sculptured. 330. Bittium attenuatum, n. s. Like plicatum, A. Ad., or drawn-out esuriens, with threads instead of grooves. 331. ^Bittium quadrifilatum, n. s. Broad : 4 threads, equal from beginning, coiling over strong radiating ribs. 332. * Bittium asperum, n. s. Same aspect : upper whirls with 2 strong and 2 faint keels over less prominent ribs. Bch.— 40 fm. Cp. 333. * Bittium armillatum, n. s. Same aspect : 3 nearly equal rows of knobs. 334. Bittium fastigiatum, n. s. Small, slender : apex normal : sutures indented, anterior rib strong. Family Litorinidce. 335. Litorina planaxis, Nutt. Phil. =£?«£«/«, Gld. E.E. Outside plain; columella scooped. 336. Litorina Sitchana, Phi\.=sulcata, G\d..=rudis, Coop. Rounded, flat, with spiral ribs. Var. modesta, Phil, (pars) has sculpture mint : subtenebrosa, Midd., is perhaps a degraded var. Rocks between tides, Lord', 8-10 fm. Lyall [?]. * These species have so peculiar a nucleus that they can scarcely rank near Ceri- iluwin or Jtiissoa : perhaps they are related to Aiaba. The nucleus of esuriens and ttttemtatum has not been seen. 141 656 REPORT — 1863. Nutt. Jew. B. A. Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Coocer. 1 337 Litorina scutulata B PF POFMI P v y MDI 338. ? Assiminea subrotundata 339 P Paludinella -— v v 340. Lacuna vincta 341 porrecta — — — — P — V v — 342. solidula P 10 P v v 342 b. var. compacta .... 343. variegata — — V v — R B I DI 345. Isapis fenestrata v DI 346. obtusa T MBDI 347. Rissoina interfossa MI 348. Rissoa compacta P y 349. acutehrata 350. Alvania reticulata — — — — — V D 351. filosa V 352. Fenella pupoidea M 353. Barleeia subtenuis DI DI 353 b. ?var. rimata D D 354. haliotiphila H 355. Amphithalamus inclusus — B — - — — — D 337. Litorina scutulata, Gld. E.E.+lepida, Gld. Var. =p/quata, same shape but flattened. 342. Lacuna solidula, ~Lov.=carinata, Gld., not A. Ad.= Vodelia siriata, Gabb. Solid, variable, chink small ; sometimes keeled or angular. 342 b. Lacuna ?var. compacta. Very small, narrow, orange, scarcely chinked. 343. Lacuna variegata, n. s. Very tall, elliise, irregular \vith wide chink : clouded or with zigzag stripes : like decorata, A. Ad. 844. Lacuna unifasciata, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 205. Small, glossy, generally with a coloured keel, sometimes broken into dots. Var. aurantiaca, keel obsolete, resembling the chinked Phasianellce. 8-10 fin. Cp. 345. Isapis fenestrata, n. s. Like oroidea, with sharp distant ribs. 346. Isapis obtusa, n. s. Whirls flattened behind : ribs swollen, uneven. 10-20 fin. Cp. Family Rissoida. 347. Rissoina interfossa, n. s. With 5 sharp keels crossing 14 strong ribs. 8-10 fm. 348. Rissoa compacta, n. s. Sculptured like Beanii, with short broad whirls. 349. Rissoa acutelirata, n. s. Alvanoid : 15 sharp, distant, spiral riblets, travelling over 18 sharp distant ribs, obsolete in front. 350. Alvania reticulata, n. s. Open network : radiating threads travelling over 19 stronger distant spiral threads. 351. Alvania jilosa, n. s. Turrited : pillar purple-stained : 18 close spiral striae, passing over very faint waved riblets. 852. Fenella pupoidea, n. s. Variegated, truncatelloid shape. 20 fm. rare, Cp. 853. Barleeia subtenuis, n. s.=Ifydrobia ?ulvee, Maz. Cat. no. 417 ; but with normal Barleeoid operculum. On grass, Cp. 353 b. Barleeia ?var. rimata. Whirls more swollen : base chinked. 354., Barkcia haliotiphila, n. s. Longer, narrower, much smaller. On If. splendent. 355. Amphithalamus inclusus, n. g., n. s. Habit of minute Nematura ; labrum n"t contracted, but labium in adult travels forward to meet it; leaving a chamber behind. 1\ ucleus cancellated : base bluntly ribbed. 142 ON MOLLL'SCA OF THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA. 657 Nutt. Jew. B.4. 1 Smiths. Ins. Ken. Lord. Swan. Cooper. 356. PAmphithalamus lacunatus 35". Truncatella Califbruica . . 358. Jetfrevsia Alderi — ?B C B B B B B B — / C C C 0 C D II % L L M D P — V D D D D MB MI D DI DI I DI MDI D BDI D M D 359. — translucens 360. Cithna albida 361. Diala marmorea 36^ acuta — 363 Stvliferina turrita . . 364. Had ins variabilis 365 Luponia spadicea 306. Trivia Californica ft ;7 Solandri 368. Erato vitellina ft09. coluinbella 370. Myurella simplex 371. Drillia inermis 372. incisa 373. moesta 374. torosa . .... 374 b. ?var. aurantia .... 356. ? Amphithalamus lacunatus, n. s. Same nucleus ; base chinked, not keeled. (Adult not found.) Family Truncatellidce. 357. Truncatella Californica, Pfr. Pneum. Viv. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 7. Family Jeffreysiad