PALAONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
VOL. LIII.
PALMOZOIC PHYLLOPODA.
Parr IV (Conctuston).
GENERAL TITLE-PAGE; PAGES i—xv, 175, 176 (REPRINTED),
177—211; Puatres XXVI—XXXI.
CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Parr I.
Pacers 1—72; Puates I—XI1V.
CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Part IV.
PAGES: 277—360; PLATES XX VI—XX XIX.
INFERIOR QOOLITE AMMONITES.
Part XI (Suprprzemunr No. 2).
PAGES xxxili—lxiv; PLatEs V—XIV.
Issugp ror 1899.
| California Academy of Sciences
Presented by Paleontographical Society 3
December , 1906 -
MELEE S: 22. TF,
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
California Academy of Sciences Library
http:/www.archive.org/details/monographof531899pala
PALMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
VOUS bi.
CONTAINING
THE PALASOZOIC PHYLLOPODA. Part IV (Conciusion). By Prof. T. Rurerr Jones and Dr. H.
Woopwarp. Six Plates.
THE CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA. Part I. By Mr. H. Woops. Fourteen Plates.
THE CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. Part IV. By Dr. WHEELTON Hinp. Four-
teen Plates.
THE INFERIOR OOLITE AMMONITES. Part XI. By Mr.S.S. Buckman. Ten Plates.
ISSUED FOR 1899.
DECEMBER, 1899.
THE PALASONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY was established in the year 1847,
for the purpose of figuring and describing the whole of the British Fossils.
Each person subscribing ONY Guinea ts considered a Member of the Society, and is
entitled to the Volume issued for the Year to which the Subscription relates.
Subscriptions are considered to be due on the First of January in each year.
The back volumes are in stock. Monographs which have been completed can
be obtained, apart from the annual volumes, on application to the Honorary Secretary.
Gentlemen desirous of forwarding the objects of the Society can be provided with
plates and circulars for distribution on application to the Honorary Secretary, the
Rev. Professor ''uomas Wirrsuire, M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S., 25, Granville Park, Lewisham,
London, 8.E.
A List of completed Monographs ready for binding as separate volumes will be
found on page 23.
‘he Annual Volumes are now issued in two forms of Binding: st, with all the
Monographs stitched together and enclosed in one cover; 2nd, with each of the
Monographs in a paper cover, and the whole of the separate parts enclosed in an
envelope.
Members wishing to obtain the Volume arranged in the Laver FORM are requested
to communicate with the Honorary Secretary.
Pals
Che Council, Secretaries, amd 4tembers
OF THE
PALHONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY ;
AND
I. A CATALOGUE OF THE WORKS ALREADY PUBLISHED ;
II. A CLASSIFIED LIST OF THE MONOGRAPHS COMPLETED, IN COURSE OF PUBLICATION,
AND IN PREPARATION, WITH THE NAMES OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AUTHORS ;
III. tHE DATES OF ISSUE OF THE ANNUAL VOLUMES ;
IV. A GENERAL SUMMARY, SHOWING THE NUMBER OF THE PAGES, PLATES, FIGURES,
AND SPECIES IN EACH MONOGRAPH 3;
V. A STRATIGRAPHICAL LIST OF THE BRITISH FOSSILS FIGURED AND DESCRIBED IN THE
YEARLY VOLUMES,
Council and Officers elected 16th June, 1899.
resident.
Dr. HENRY WOODWARD, F.R.S.
Vite-Aresidents.
Str A. Gertie, F.R.S. | Pror. R. Jonzs, F.R.S.
W. H. Hupisston, Esq., F.R.S. Rev. G. F. Wuipsorne, F.G.S.
Council.
Rev. Pror. Bonney, F.R.S. | Dr. J. S. Poenf, F.G.S.
Rev. Rk. A. Busey, I.G.S. | A. W. Rows, Esa., F.G.S.
Rev. A. Futur, M.A. | F. W. Rupuer, Hsa., F.G.S.
W. Hitt, Esea., F.G.S. ID. IDE al, COM, Moto.
J. Hopkinson, Esq., F.G.S. Pror. W. J. Souuas, F.R.S.
Dr. G. J. Hinpn, F.R.S. A. Srranan, Ksa., F.G:S.
Rr. Rev. J. Mircuinson, D.D. H. Woops, Ksa., F.G.S.
Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, LL.D., F.R:S.
Treasurer.
R. Ernertpes, Esa., F.R.S., 14, Carlyle Square, Chelsea. S.W.
PHonoraty Secretary.
Rey. Pror. 'l. Wiursuire, M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S., 25, Granville Park, Lewisham, London. S.E.
Wotal Secretaries.
Bath—Xry. H. HW. Wrxwoop, M.A., F.G.S. Gloucester—S. S. Buckman, Esa., F.G.S.
Berlin—Mussns. FrreEDLANDER & Son. Hertfordshire—J. Hopkinson, Esa., F.G.S8.
Burmingham—W. R. Hueues, Esq., F.L.S. Liverpool—G H. Morton, Esq., F.G.S.
Cambridge—i. Woops, Esa., F.G.S8. Oxford—Proressor W. J. Souras, F.R.S.
Durham—--Keyv. A. Wars, l.G.S. Sydney—l1. Duane, Esq., F.L.S.
Glasgyow—M. Laurin, Esa, M.A,
LIST OF MEMBERS.*
CORRECTED TO SEPTEMBER, 1899.
Her Mosr Gracious Masrsty THE QUEEN.
Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
Adelaide Public Library, Australia.
Adlard, R. E., Esg., Bartholomew Close. E.C.
Agassiz, Alex., Esq., Cambridge, U.S.A.
Albert Memorial Museum, Queen Street, Exeter.
Allen, E. G., Esq., 28, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. W.C.
Allen, H. A. Hsq., F.G.S., 28, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Allendale, E. J. A., Esq., Creswick, Victoria, Australia.
Ambhurst College, Mass., U.S.A.
Amsden, Mrs. E. B., Holmwood, 260, South Norwood Hill. S.E.
Arlecdon and Frizington Free Library, Freziugton, Cumberland.
Asher and Co., Messrs., 18, Bedford Street, Covent Garden. W.C.
Atheneum Library, Liverpool.
Balston, W. E., Esq., F.G.S., Barvin, Potters Bar.
Banks, W. H., Esq., Hergest Croft, Kington, Herefordshire.
Bardin, Mons. le Prof. L., Université d’Angers, Maine et Loire, France.
Barking Public Library, Barking.
Barnes, J., Esq., 1, Trafalgar Street, Lower Broughton, Manchester.
Barnsley Free Library, Barnsley.
Barthes and Lowell, Messrs., 14, Great Marlborough Street. W.
Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution, Bath.
Bather, F. A., Esq., F.G.S., British Museum (Natural History). S.W.
Battersea Public Library, Lavender Hill. S.W.
Bedford, J., Esq., Woodhouse Cliff, Leeds.
Bedford Literary Institute, Bedford.
Belfast Linen Hall Library, Donegall Square North, Belfast.
Bell, W. H., Esq., F.G.S., Cleeve House, Seend, Melksham.
* The Members are requested to inform the Secretary of any errors or omissions in this list, and of any delay in
the transmission of the Yearly Volumes.
Bell and Bradfute, Messrs., 12, Bank Street, Edinburgh.
Bergen, Museums Bibliothek, Norway.
Berkeley, Earl of, The Heath, Bear’s Hill, near Abingdon.
Berthand, Prof., Faculté des Sciences, Lyons.
Bethnal Green Free Library, London Street, Bethnal Green. E.
Bibliothéque de Keole des Mines, Paris.
Bibliothéque du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Bibliothéque du Palais des Arts, Lyons.
Bibliotheque Communale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, per Mons. Martel, Conserv. Adjoint.
Birkenhead Free Library, Birkenhead.
Birley, Miss Caroline, 14, Brunswick Gardens, Kensington. W.
Birmingham Free Library, Ratcliff Place, Birmingham.
Birmingham Library (C. E. Searle, Lidrarian), Union Street, Birmingham.
Blackburn Free Library, Blackburn.
Blackmore, Humphrey P., M.D., F.G.S., Salisbury.
Blake, W., Esq., Bridge House, South Petherton, I]minster.
Blanford, W. T., Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., 72, Bedford Gardens, Campden Hill. W.
Blathwayt, Lieut.-Col. Linley, Eagle House, Batheaston, Bath.
Blyth, C. E., Esq., Birdingbury Hall, near Rugby.
Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Bompas, G. C., Esq., F.G.S., 121, Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park. W
Bonney, Rev. Prof. T. George, D.Sc., F.R.S., 23, Denning Road, Hampstead. N.W.
Bootle cum Linacre Free Public Library, Bootle, Liverpool.
Boston Society of Natural History, Boston, U.S.A.
Bradford Technical College, Bradford.
Bradley, F. L., Esq., Bel Air, Alderley Edge, Cheshire.
Brenchley Trustees, Museum, Maidstone.
Brentford Free Public Library, Brentford.
Brighton aud Sussex Natural History Society, Brighton.
Bristol Museum and Reference Library, Queen’s Road, Bristol.
Bristol Naturalists Society, Geological Section., per H. Pentecost, Esq., Clifton College,
Chifton, Bristol.
British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, Geological Department. S.W.
British Museum, Printed Book Department. W.C.
Bromley Naturalists Society, 99, Widmore Road, Bromley, Kent.
Bromley Public Library, Tweedy Road, Bromley, Kent.
Bromley St. Leonard Public Library, Bow Road. E.
Bruce, J. Esq., Hill Crest, Whitby, Yorkshire.
Buchan-Hepburn, Sir Archibald, Smeaton-Hepburn, Preston Kirk, East Lothian. N.B.
Buckman, 8. 8., Esq., F.G.S., &c., Local Secretary, Ellborough, Charlton Kings, Cheltenham.
Bullen, Rey. R. Ashington, St. Martin’s Rectory, Little Stukeley, Huntingdon.
Burslem Public Library, Burslem.
Buxton Free Library, Town Hall, Buxton.
Camberwell Public Library, 20, High Street, Peckham, S.I.
Cambridge University Library, Cambridge.
Cambridge Philosophical Library, New Museums, Cambridge.
Canada Geological Survey, Sussex Street, Ottawa, Canada
Cardiff Free Library, Cardiff.
Carlisle Free Library, Carlisle.
Cash, Wm., Esq., F.G.S., L.S., R.M.S., 35, Commercial Street, Halifax, Yorkshire.
Chadwick Museum, Bolton.
Charterhouse School, Godalming.
Chelsea Public Library, Manresa Road. S.W.
Cheltenham College, Cheltenham.
Cheltenham Natural Science Society, Cheltenham.
Cheltenham Permanent Library, 5, Royal Crescent, Cheltenham.
Chester Society of Natural Science, Chester.
Chesterfield Free Library, Chesterfield.
Chicago, Library of, U.S.A.
Christ Church Free Public Library, Blackfriars Road, Southwark. S.E.
Christiania, Library of University of, Norway.
Christ’s College, Library of, Cambridge.
Chiswick Free Public Library, Chiswick, Middlesex.
Cincinnati Public Library, U.S.A.
Clarke, Mrs. Stephenson, Brooke House, Hayward’s Heath, Sussex.
Clifton College, Clifton, Bristol.
Clothworkers’ Company, Mincing Lane. E.C.
Clough, C. T., Esq., F.G.S., Museum, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Cobbold, E. S., Esq., Church Stretton, R.S.O., Shropshire.
Coomary-Swamy, A. K., Esq., Walden, Worplesdon, Guildford.
Coombs, J. Ashton, Esq., F.G.S., Albion Lodge, Gloucester Road, Cheltenham.
Cornell University, Ithaca, U.S.A.
Corporation of London, Library Committee of, Guildhall. E.C.
Coventry Free Public Library, Coventry.
Cradock, C. M., Esq., Mayfield, Stockton-on-Tees.
Craig, R., Esq., King Cottage, Beith, Ayrshire. N.B.
Crosfield, Miss Margaret, Undercroft, Reigate.
Croston, J. W., Esq., F.G.S., 29, Ostrich Lane, Prestwich.
Croydon Free Library, Croydon.
Cullis, F. J., Esq., F.G.S., Tuffley, Gloucestershire.
Darlington Public Library, Darlington.
Darwin, W, E., Esq., F.G.S., Ridgemont, Bassett, Southampton.
Dawkins, Prof. W. Boyd, F.R.S., G.S., Woodhurst, Wilmslow Road, Fallowfield, Manchester,
Day, Rev. Hen. George, M.A., 55, Denmark Villas, West Brighton.
Deane, Henry, Esq., F.L.S8., Local Secretary, Railway Department, Sydney, New South Wales.
Delgado, Signor J. F. N., Direccao dos Trabalhes geologicos, 118, Rua do Arco a Jesus,
Lisbon.
Derby, Free Library and Museum, Derby.
Derham, Walter, Esq., 76, Lancaster Gate, Bayswater. W.
Devonport Free Public Library, Devonport.
Devonshire, Duke of, F.R.S., Devonshire House, Piccadilly. W.
Dewalque, Prof., F.C.G.S., Liége.
Dewsbury Public Free Library, Dewsbury.
Dickinson, W., Esq., F.G.S., Warham Road, Croydon.
Dickson, Edw., Esq., 11, West Cliff Road, Birkdale, Southport, Lancashire.
Donald, Miss, Quarry Hill, near Mealsgate, vid Carlisle.
Doncaster Borough Free Library, Doncaster.
Dorlodot, Rev. H. de, D.D., Prof. Cath. University, Louvain, Belgium.
Dorset County Museum Library, Dorchester,
Dowson, E. T., Esq., F.R.M.S., Geldeston, Beccles.
Dresden Nat. Society, Isis.
Drew, Dr. J., F.G.S., Montrose, Battledown, Cheltenham.
Dudley and Midland Geological and Scientific Society and Field-Club.
Dundee Free Library, Dundee.
Dundee Naturalists Society, University College, Dundee.
Durham, the Dean and Chapter of (by C. Rowlandson, Esq., the College, Durham).
East, G, E., Esq., jun., 150, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee. S.E.
Edinburgh Geological Society, 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh.
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, Argyle Square, Edinburgh.
Edinburgh Public Library, Edinburgh.
Edmonton Publie Library, Edmonton, Middlesex,
Edwards, S., Esq., F.Z.S., Kidbrooke Lodge, Blackheath. S.E.
Epsom College, Epsom.
Etheridge, R., Esq., F.R.S., G.S., &c., Treasurer, 14, Carlyle Square, Chelsea. S.W.
Eunson, J., Esq., F.G.S., 43, Abington Street, Northampton.
Evans, Sir John, K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., G.S., Nash Mills, Hemel Hempstead.
Eyre and Spottiswoode, Messrs., 5, Middle New Street. E.C.
Florence, Gambinetto di Geologia, per Prof. C. de Stefani.
Folkestone Public Library and Museum, Folkestone.
Foulerton, Dr. J., 44, Pembridge Villas, Bayswater. W.
Fraser, John, Esq., M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S.Edin., F.G.S., Chapel Ash, Wolverhampton.
Friedlander, Messrs., Local Secretaries, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin,
Fritsch, Prof. K. von, Halle.
Fulham Free Public Library (F. T. Barrett, Librarian), Fulham. S.W.
Fuller, Rev. A., M.A., The Lodge, 7, Sydenham Hill. S.E.
Galashiels Public Library, Galashiels, N.B,
Gardner, J. S., Esq., 29, Albert Embankment, Lambeth. S.E.
Garnett, C., Esq., Rownham House, Clifton, Bristol.
Gascoigne, Major Trench, Lotherton Hall, Aberford, Leeds.
Gateshead-on-Tyne Public Library, Gateshead-on-Tyne.
Gatty, Charles Henry, Esq.. LL.D., F.L.S., F.G.S., Felbridge Place, East Grinstead.
Gaudry, Prof., Membre de l’Institute, F.M.G.S., Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Geikie, Sir Archibald, LL.D., F.R.S., Vice-President, Director-General of the Geological
Survey of the United Kingdom, Museum, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Geneva, Museum of Natural History.
Geological Society of France, 7, Rue des Grands Augustins, Paris.
Geological Society of Liverpool.
Geological Society of Manchester, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.
Geologists’ Association, University College. W.C.
Gibson, Miss, Hill House, Saffron Walden.
Gilmour, M., Esq., F.Z.S., Saffronhall House, 1, Windmill Road, Hamilton. N.B.
Glasgow Geological Society, 207, Bath Street, Glasgow.
Goss, W. H., Esq., F.G.S., Stoke-on-Trent.
Great Yarmouth Public Library, Great Yarmouth.
Guilles-Allés Library, Guernsey.
Haileybury College, near Hertford.
Halifax Free Public Library, Halifax.
Hammersmith Free Public Library, Ravenscourt Park, Hammersmith. W.
Hampstead Public Library, Finchley Road, Hampstead. N.W.
Handsworth Public Library, Birmingham.
Hannah, R., Esq., F.G.S., 82, Addison Road, Kensington. W.
Harker, Alfred, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Harlesden Public Library, Craven Park Road, Harlesden. N.W. (A. S. Newland,
Librarian.)
Harley, Dr. John, F.L.S., 9, Stratford Place. W.
Harmer, F. W., Esq., F.G.S., Oakland House, Cringleford, near Norwich.
Harris, G. F., Esq., F.G.S., Nithsdale, 91, Brigstock Road, Thornton Heath, Surrey.
Hartley College, Southampton.
Hawell, Rev. John, M.A., F.G.S., Ingleby Greenhow Vicarage, Middlesbrough.
Hawick Public Library, Hawick. N.B.
Hawkshaw, J. Clarke, Esq., 33, Great George Street, Westminster. S.W.
Hedderley, J. S. Esq., Bulcote, near Nottingham.
Heginbottom Free Library, Ashton-under-Lyne.
Heidelburg Library.
Hereford Public Library, Hereford.
Hicks, Dr. H., F.R.S., Hendon Grove, Hendon. N.W.
Hill, Rev. Edwin, M.A., F.G.S., The Rectory, Cockfield, Bury St. Edmunds,
Hill, Wm., Esq., The Maples, Hitchin.
Hind, Wheelton, Esq., M.D.Lond., F.R.C.S., F.G.S., Roxeth House, Stoke-on-Trent.
Hinde, Geo. J., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Avondale Road, South Croydon.
Hodges, Figgis and Co., Messrs., 104, Grafton Street, Dublin.
Holeroft, C., Esq., The Shrubbery, Summerhill, Kingswinford, near Dudley.
Hopkinson, John, Esq., F.L.S., G.S., Local Secretary, The Grange, St. Albans.
Horen, Dr. F. Van, St. Trond, Belgium.
Host, M., Copenhagen.
Hove Public Library, Hove, Brighton.
Howse, H. G., Esq., M.S., F.R.C.S., 59, Brook Street, Grosvenor Square. W.
Hudleston, W. H., Esq., F.R.S., G.S., &c., Vice-President, 8, Stanhope Gardens. S.W,
Hughes, Prof. T, M‘K., M.A., F.R.S., &c., Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge.
Hull, Prof. Edw., LL.D., F.R.S., 20, Arundel Gardens, Notting Hill. W.
Hull Public Library, Hull.
Hurst, H. E., Esq., Kalgoorlie Lodge, 36, South Norwood Hill. S.E.
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India, Geological Survey of.
Ipswich Museum, Ipswich. (F. Woolnough, Esq., Secretary.)
Isle of Man Natural History Society, Ramsey, Isle of Man.
Jchns Hopkins University, U.S.A.
Johnes, Mrs., and Lady E. Hills, Dolan Cothy, Llandeilo, R.S.O., South Wales.
Johnson, E., Esq., 6, Bickenhall Mansions, Gloucester Place. W.
Jones, Professor T. Rupert, F.R.S., G.S., Vice-President, 17, Parson’s Green, Fulham. S,W.
Jukes-Browne, A. J., Esq., Etruria, Keut’s Road, Torquay.
Justen, F. W., Esq., 37, Soho Square. W.
Keighley Mechanics’ Institute, Keighley.
Kendal Literary Institution, The Museum, Kendal, per T. W. Milward, Esq., Hon. Sec.
Kettering Public Library, Kettering.
Kilmarnock Library, Kilmarnock. N.B.
King’s School, Library of, Sherborne.
Kingswood School, Bath.
Kirkcaldy Naturalists’ Society, 6, James Grove, Kirkcaldy. N.B.
Kirberger and Kesper, Amsterdam.
Kirkby, J. W., Esq., Kirkland, Leven, Fife.
Kitchin, F. L., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., F.G.S., Geol. Survey of England, 28, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Kitson, R. H., Esq., B.A., F.G.S., Elmet Hall, Leeds.
Lake, P., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Lancaster Public Library, Lancaster.
Laurie, Malcolm, Esq., M.A., Local Secretary, 86, Castle Street, Glasgow.
Lausanne Musée Géologique, Switzerland.
Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds.
Leeds Public Library, Leeds.
Lefevre, Mons. T., 10, Rue du Pont Neuf, Brussels.
Leicester Town Museum, Leicester.
Leigh, Hon. Dudley, 8, Hertford Street. W.
Leighton, T., Esq., 16, New Street Square, Fleet Street. .C.
Leipzig, Museum of.
Le Marchand, Mons., Rouen.
Leyton Public Library, Leyton, E.
Linnean Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly. W.
Lister, Arthur, Esq., Leytonstone. N.K.
Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle, Westgate Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Literary and Philosophical Society of Sheffield.
Liveing, Professor G. D., M.A., F.R.S., Cambridge.
Liverpool Free Public Library, Liverpool.
London Institution, Finsbury Circus. E.C.
London Library, St. James Square. S.W.
ll
Loughborough Free Public Library, Loughborough.
Lubbock, Sir John W., Bart., M.P., F.R.S., L.S., &c., 15, Lombard Street. E.C.
Lyons, Lieut. H. G., R.E., F.G.S., Wady Halfa, Upper Egypt.
Mackenzie, G. W., Esq., 13, William Street, Lowndes Square. S.W.
Madras Government Museum (per Messrs. Williams and Norgaie).
Major, Charles H., Esq., Cromwell House, Croydon.
Malton Field Naturalists’ and Scientific Society, Malton, Yorkshire.
Manchester Free Library, Manchester.
Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 16, George Street, Manchester.
Mansel-Pleydell, John C., Esq., F.G.S., Whatcombe, Blandford, Dorset.
Mansfield Free Public Library, Mansfield.
Marburgh, University of.
Marr, J. E., Esq., M.A., F.R.S., St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Mason University, Birmingham.
Melbourne Public Library.
Mennell, H. T., Esq., F.L.8., The Red House, Croydon.
Meyer, C. J. A., Esq., F.G.S., 107, North Side, Clapham Common. S.W.
Middlesbrough Free Library, Middlesbrough.
Middleton Free Public Library, Middleton, near Manchester.
Millom Free Public Library, A. Hutchinson, Librarian, Millom wid Carnforth, Cum-
berland.
Milne-Edwards, Prof. A., Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Mitchell Library, 21, Miller Street, Glasgow.
Mitchinson, Rt. Rev. J., D.C.L., D.D., Canon of Gloucester and Master of Pembroke
College, Oxford.
Molyneux, T., Esq., Earlestown, Lancashire.
Mond, Robert, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., F.G.S., Winnington Hall, Northwich.
Mons, Museum of, Belgium, per Prof, C. A. Houzeau, Ryon, pres Mons.
Morton, George Highfield, Esq., F.G.S., Local Secretary, 209, Edge Lane, Liverpool
Munich Royal Library.
Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Nantes, Musée d’Histoire Naturelle.
National Library, Dublin.
Newberry Library, Chicago, United States, America.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne Public Library, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Newport Free Library, Newport, Monmouthshire.
Nicholson Institute (Library of), Leek, Staffordshire.
Norfolk and Norwich Library, Norwich.
Norwich Free Library, Norwich.
Norman, Rev. Canon A. M., M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., The Red House, Berk-
hamsted.
North Devon Athenzum, Barnstaple.
North Staffordshire Field Club, Hanley, Staffordshire.
Northampton Natural History Society, Northampton.
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Nottingham Free Library, Nottingham.
Nutt, D., Esq., Strand. W.C.
Oldham Free Public Library, Oldham.
Oldham, Mrs., 96, Lexham Gardens, Kensington. W.
Oswestry Free Public Library, Oswestry.
Owens College Library, Manchester.
‘Paisley Philosophical Institution, Paisley.
Parkinson, J., Esq., F.G.S., 251, Camden Road. N.
Peabody Institute, Baltimore, America.
Penruddocke, Charles, Esq., Compton Park, near Salisbury.
Penton, Edw., Esq., F.G.S., 1, Mortimer Street. W.
Peterborough Natural History, Scientific, and Archeological Society, Peterborough.
Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 207, Bath Street, Glasgow.
Phené, John S., Esq., LL.D., F.S.A., G.S., 32, Oakley Street, Chelsea. S.W.
Plymouth Free Library, Plymouth.
Plymouth Institution, Library of, Atheneum, Plymouth.
Pontypridd Free Library, Pontypridd.
Poole Free Library, Poole.
Poplar Public Library, 126, High Street, Poplar. E.
Portal, Wyndham S., Esq., Malshanger House, Basingstoke.
Portis, Dr. A., Professor of Geology, The University, Rome.
Portsmouth Free Public Library, Portsmouth.
Preston Free Library, Preston.
Price, F. G. H., Esq., 17, Collingham Gardens, South Kensington. S.W.
Pruen, J. A, 5 Tab, M.A., F.R.G.S., Romsdal, Guildford.
Pryor, M. R, Esq., Weeton Manor, Stevenage, Herts.
Queen’s College, Belfast.
Queen’s College, Cork (by Messrs. Hodges and Smith).
Queen’s College, Galway.
Queensland Museum.
Radcliffe Library, Oxford.
Reading Public Library and Museum, W. H. Greenhough, Librarian, Reading.
teed, F. R. Cowper, Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Trinity College, Cambridge.
Reynolds, S. H., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., University College, Bristol.
Richmond Public Library, Richmond, Surrey.
Ripon, Marquis of, 9, Chelsea Embankment. S.W.
Roberts, Isaac, Esq., D.Sc., F.R.S., Starfield, Crowborough, Sussex.
13
Roberts, Sir Owen, M.A., D.C.L., F.S.A., 48, Westbourne Terrace. W.
Rochdale Free Public Library, Rochdale.
Robertson, G., and Co., 17, Warwick Square, Paternoster Row, E.C.
Roscoe, Phillip, Esq., 28, Denning Road, Hampstead. N.W.
Rotherhithe Public Library, Lower Road. S.E.
Rowe, A. W., Esq., F.G.S., M.S., M.B., 1, Cecil Street, Margate.
Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam.
Royal College of Science for Ireland, Stephen’s Green, Dublin.
Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. W.C.
Royal Geological Institution of the German Carl Ferdinand University, Prague, Austria.
Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, Penzance.
Royal Institution of Cornwall, Truro.
Royal Institution of Great Britain, Albemarle Street. W.
Royal Institution, Liverpool.
Royal Institution of South Wales, Swansea.
Royal Irish Academy, 19, Dawson Street, Dublin.
Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Roval Society of London, Burlington House. W.
Royal Society of New South Wales.
Rudler, f. W., Esq., F.G.S., Museum Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Rugby Publie Library, Rugby.
Rylands, T. G., Esq., F.1..S., G.S., Highfields, Thelwall, near Warrington.
St. Albans Public Library, St. Albans.
St. Dunstan’s College, Catford. S.E.
St. George, Hanover Square, Public Library, Buckingham Palace Road, S.W.
St. Helens Free Public Library, The Gamble Institute, St. Helens. :
St. John’s College, Cambridge.
St. Leonard, Shoreditch, Public Library, 236, Kingsland Road. N.E,
St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields Public Library, 115, St. Martin’s Lane. W.C.
St. Peter’s College, Cambridge.
Salford Borough Royal Museum and Library, Peel Park, Manchester.
Salisbury Free Library, Salisbury.
Sampson Low and Co., Messrs., Crown Buildings, 188, Fleet Street. .C.
Saunders, James Ebenezer, Esq., F.L.8., G.S., 4, Coleman Street. E.C.
Scarborough Philosophical Society, Scarborough.
Science and Art Department, South Kensington. S.W.
Scientific Society, Midland Institute, Birmingham.
Scott, H. D., Esq., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., &c., Old Palace, Richmond, Surrey.
Seguenza, Prof., Messina.
Semple, Dr. Andrew, F.C.S.E., Caledonian United Service Club, Edinburgh.
Sheffield Free Public Library, Sheffield.
Shrewsbury Free Library, Shrewsbury.
Sidney Sussex College Library, Cambridge.
Simpkin, Marshall, and Co.. Messrs., Stationers’ Hall Court. E.C,
Simpson, Rev. A., B.A.. B.Se.. F.G.S., 28. Myrtle Park, Crosshill, Glasgow.
Sladen, W. P., Esa., ¥.G.S.. 13. Hvde Park Gate. S.W.
Smith, Mrs. Emma, Hencotes House, Hexham.
14
Smith, B. Woodd, Esq., F.S.A., F.R.A.S., F.Z.S., Branch Hill Lodge, Hampstead Heath. N.W.
Smithe, Rev. F., M.A., LL.D., F.G.S., Churchdown, Gloucester.
Sollas, Professor W. J., D.Se., F.R.S., Local Secretary, 169, Woodstock Road, Oxford.
Somersetshire Archzological and Natural History Society, Museum, Taunton.
Sorbonne Laboratoire de Géologie, Paris.
Southport Free Library, Southport.
South Shields Free Public Library, South Shields.
Spicer, Henry, Esq., jun., F.G.S., F.L.S., 14, Aberdeen Park, Highbury. N.
Stanley, W. F., Esq., F.G.S., Cumberlow, South Norwood. S8.E.
Stebbing, W. P. D., Esq., 169, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde Park. W.
Stirrup, Mark, Esq., F.G.S., High Thorn, Stamford Road, Bowdon, Cheshire.
Stobart, W. C., Esq., Spellow Hill, Leeds, Yorkshire.
Stockholm Royal Academy of Science, Stockholm.
Stockport Corporation Museum, Stockport.
Stoke Newington Public Library, Church Street, Stoke Newington. N.
Stoke-upon-Trent Free Library, Stoke-upon-Trent.
Stonyhurst College, Blackburn.
Strahan, A., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., Geological Survey Office, 28, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Strangways, C. Fox, Esq., F.G.S., Museum, Jermyn Street. S.W.
Streatfield, H. S., Esq., F.G.S., Ryhope, Sunderland.
Strickland, Sir C. W., Hildenley, Malton.
Sunderland Corporation Museum, Sunaerland,
Sunderland Subscription Library, Fawcett Street, Sunderland.
Swansea Public Library, Swansea.
Sykes, Rev. W. Slater, Millom, Carnforth.
———————
Tasmania, Royal Society of.
Thomas, H. H., Esq., M.A., F.G.S., 1, Rosborough Road, Harrow-on-the- Hill.
Thornaby-on-Tees Public Library, Thornaby-on-Tees.
Toronto University.
Torquay Natural History Society, Museum, Babbacombe Road, Torquay.
Trautschold, Dr., Moscow.
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Tunbridge Wells Natural History and Philosophical Society, Tunbridge Wells.
Twelvetrees, W. H., Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S., Elphin Road, Launceston, Tasmania.
University College, Gower Street, London. W.C.
University Library, Aberdeen.
University of Bale, Switzerland.
Jniversity Library, Bordeaux.
University of Edinburgh,
University of Glasgow.
—
University Library, Leipzig.
University of Marsburgh.
University Library, Rennes, France.
University of Sydney, New South Wales.
University Library, St. Andrews.
15
University Library, Toulouse.
University Library, Tubingen.
University Library, Upsala.
Upton, C., Esq., Tower House, Stroud, Gloucestershire.
Vicary, William, Esq., F.G.S., The Priory, Colleton Crescent, Exeter.
Victoria Public Library, per S. Mullen, Esq., 48, Paternoster Row. E.C.
Volney, The Dean of the Faculty of Sciences of, Angers, France.
Walcott, C. D., Esq., U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, United States, America.
Walker, B. E., Esq., Canadian Bank of Commerce, Toronto, Canada.
Walker, Rev. F. A., Dues Mallard, Cricklewood. N.W.
Wandsworth Public Library, West Hill, Wandsworth. S.W.
Ward, Henry, Esq., F.G.S., Rodbaston, Penkridge.
Wardle, Sir Thos., F.G.S., St. Edward Street, Leek.
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Watson, Rev. R. B., B.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.C., Manse, Cardross, Dumbarton,
Scotland.
Watts, Rev. Arthur, F'.G.S., Local Secretary, Rectory, Witton Gilbert, Durham.
Watts, Professor W. W., M.A., F.G.S., Mason College, Birmingham.
West Ham Public Library. E.
West Hartlepool Public Library, West Hartlepool.
Westminster Public Library, Great Smith Street. S.W.
Weston Park Public Museum, Sheffield.
Whidborne, Rev. G. F., M.A., F.G.S., Vice-President, The Priory, Westbury-on-Trym, near
Bristol.
Whitby Literary and Philosophical Society, Museum, Whitby.
White, C., Esq., Holly House, Warrington.
Whitechapel Free Public Library, 77, High Street, Whitechapel. E.
Williams and Norgate, Messrs., Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. W.C.
Willis and Sotheran, Messrs., Strand. W.C.
Wiltshire Archeological and Natural History Society, H. E. Medlicott, Esq., Hon. Sec.,
Sandfield, Potterne, Devizes.
Wiltshire, Rev. Prof. Thomas, M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S., F.R.A.S., F.L.8., Honorary Secretary, 25,
Granville Park, Lewisham, Kent. S.E.
Winchester College Natural History Society, Winchester.
Winwood, Rev. Henry H., F.G.S., Local Secretary, 11, Cavendish Crescent, Bath.
Wolley-Dod, Rev. Charles, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire.
Wolverhampton Free Library, Wolverhampton.
Wood, J. G., Esq., M.A., LL.B., F.G.S., 115, Sutherland Avenue. W.
Wood Green Public Library, Wood Green.
Woodd, A. B., Esq., Little Dene, Dennington Park Road, West Hampstead. N.W.
Woods, H., Esq., F.G.S., Local Secretary, St. John’s College, Cambridge.
Woodward, Henry, Esq., LL.D., F.R.S., President, British Museum. S.W.
Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge.
Worcester Public Library and Hastings Museum, Worcester.
16
Workington Public Library, Workington, Cumberland.
Wright, Joseph, Esq., F.G.S., 4, Alfred Street, Belfast.
Wurzburg, the Royal University Library of.
Yorkshire College of Science, Leeds.
Yorkshire Philosophical Society, Museum, York.
Yule, Miss A. F., Tarradale House, by Muir of Ord, Ross-shire. N.B.
Zoological Society of London, 8, Hanover Square. W.,
§I. CATALOGUE OF WORKS
ALREADY PUBLISHED BY
THE PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY :
Showing the ORDER of publication ; the Yuars during which the Society has been in
operation ; and the Conrents of each yearly Volume.
Vol. L. Issued for the Year 1847 The Crag Mollusca, Part I, Univalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood, 21 plates.
”7
7
I.
IIi1.*
IV.
VAG
9
Bell, 38 plates.
The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. I, Part I, Chelonia, &c., by Profs. Owen and
1845
jake Eocene Mollusca, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mx. F. E. Edwards, 9 plates.
{ The Entomostraca of the Cretaceous Formations, by Mr. T. R. Jones, 7 plates.
The Permian Fossils, by Prof. Wm. King, 29 plates.
The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. I, Part II, Crocodilia and Ophidia, &c., by Prof.
Owen, 18 plates.
The Fossil Corals, Part I, Crag, London Clay, Cretaceous, by Messrs. Milne Edwards
and Jules Haime, 11 plates.
1849 4
The Mollusca of the Great Oolite, ‘Part I, Univalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett, 15
plates.
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part III, No. 1, Oolitic and Liassic, by My. Davidson,
15 plates.
1850
The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations, by Prof. Owen, 39 plates.
The Fossil Corals, Part II, Oolitic, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime, 19
plates.
The Foseil Lepadidie, by Mr. Charles Darwin, 5-plates.
L
S Crag Mollusca, Part II, No. 1, by Mr. 8. V. Wood, 12 plates.
1851
rp The Fossil Corals, Part III, Permian and Mountain-limestone, by Messrs. Milne
Edwards and Jules Haime, 16 plates.
| The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part I, Tertiary, by Mr. Davidson, 2 plates.
1852 4 The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part II, No. 1, Cretaceous, by Mr. Davidson, 5 plates.
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part III, No. 2, Qolitic, by Mr. Davidson, 5 plates.
The Eocene Mollusca, Part II, Pulmonata, by Mr. F. HE. Edwards, 6 plates.
L The Radiaria of the Crag, London Clay, &c., by Prof. E. Forbes, 4 plates.
* The Volume for the year 1849 consists of two separate portions, each of which is stitched in a paper cover, on
which are printed the dates 1848, 1849, and 1850. The one portion contains ‘Cretaceous Entomostraca’” and ‘Permian
l’ossils ;’ the other, ‘London Clay Reptilia,’ Part II, and ‘ Fossil Corals,’ Part I
Vol. VII.
”
”
3
9?
VIII.*
IX.+
, Gh
XII.
XITI.
XIV.
BXSVie
17
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
¢ The Fossil Corals, Part IV, Devonian, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime, 10
\ plates.
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Introduction to Vol. I, by Mr. Davidson, 9 plates.
Issued for the | The Mollusca of the Chalk, Part I, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe, 10 plates.
Year 1853) The Mollusca of the Great Oolite, Part II, Bivalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett, 8
plates.
| The Mollusca of the Crag, Part II, No. 2, Bivalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood, 8 plates.
L The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part I, Chelonia, by Prof. Owen, 9 plates.
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. I, Part II, No. 2, Cretaceous, with Appendix and Index
to Vol. I, by Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part II, Dinosauria, by Prof. Owen, 20 plates.
The Mollusca of the Great Oolite, Part III, Bivalves, by Messrs. Morris and Lycett, 7
plates. ;
18544 The Fossil Corals, Part V, Silurian, by Messrs. Milne Edwards and Jules Haime, 16
plates.
The Fossil Balanide and Verrucide, by Mr. Charles Darwin, 2 plates.
The Mollusca of the Chalk, Part II, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe, 6 plates.
The Eocene Mollusca, Part III, No. 1, Prosobranchiata, by Mr. F. E. Edwards, 3
plates.
——
¢ The Mollusca of the Crag, Part II, No. 3, Bivalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood, 11 plates.
The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part III, by Prof. Owen, 12 plates.
The Eocene Mollusca, Part III, No. 2, Prosobranchiata, continued, by Mr. F. E.
1855 4 Edwards, 4 plates.
| The Mollusea of the Chalk, Part III, Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe, 11 plates.
| The Tertiary Entomostraca, by Mr. T. R. Jones, 6 plates.
L The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part I, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
The Fossil Crustacea, Part I, London Clay, by Prof. Bell, 11 plates.
1856 The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part IV, Permian, by Mr. Davidson, 4 plates.
1 The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 1, Carboniferous, by My. Davidson, 8 plates.
The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations, Part IV (Supplement No. 1), by Prof. Owen.
11 plates.
L The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. 1 (Supplement), by Prof. Owen, 2 plates.
The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part III, by Dr. Wright, 14 plates.
y :
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 2, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
= || I bf
1857 4 The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations (Supplement No.1), by Prof. Owen, 4 plates.
| The Reptilia of the Wealden Formations (Supplement No. 2), by Prof. Owen, 8 plates.
| The Polyzoa of the Crag, by Prof. Busk, 22 plates.
The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part II, by Dr. Wright, 12 plates.
¢ The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I, Part IV, by Dr. Wright, 7 plates.
| The Hocene Mollusea, Part III, No. 3, Prosobranchiata continued, by Mr. F. E.
| Edwards, 6 plates.
1858 { The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations (Supplements No. 2, No. 3), by Prof. Owen,
{ 7 plates.
L The Reptilia of the Purbeck Limestones, by Prof. Owen, 1] plate.
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 3, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson, 10 plates.
The Reptilia of the Oolitic Formations, No. 1, Lower Lias, by Prof. Owen, 6 plates.
| The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. 1, by Prof. Owen, 1 plate.
L The Eocene Mollusca, Part IV, No. 1, Bivalves, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood, 13 plates.
[ The Fossil Brachiopoda, Part V, No. 4, Carboniferous, by My. Davidson, 20 plates.
1859
( The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. II, Part V, No. 5, Carboniferous, by Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
| The Reptilia of the Oolitic Formations, No. 2, Lower Lias, by Prof. Owen, 11 plates.
1860 4 The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. 2, by Prof. Owen, 1 plate.
| The Fossil Estheriz, by Prof. Rupert Jones, 5 plates.
| The Fossil Crustacea, Part IT, Gault and Greensand, by Prof. Bell, 11 plates.
The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. II, Part I (Asteroidea), by Dr. Wright, 13
1861 plates.
Supplement to the Great Oolite Mollusca, by Dr. Lycett, 15 plates.
** This Vol. is marked on the outside 1855.
+ This Vol. is marked on the outside 1856.
Vol. XVI.
sp 2
ay JOU
5 2D
5 OME.
yy OCB
55 SXIIT.*
a>. O.4 I es
Issued for the
Year 1862 |
”
”?
18
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
¢ The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part I, by Dr. Wright, 11 plates.
The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part I (Devonian and
Silurian), by Mr. J. W. Salter, 6 plates.
4 The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VI, No. 1, Devonian, by Mr. Davidson, 9 plates.
The Hocene Mollusca, Part IV, No. 2, Bivalves, by Mr. S. V. Wood, 7 plates.
lL The Reptilia of the Cretaceous and Wealden Formations (Supplements), by Prof. Owen,
10 plates.
( The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part II, by Mr. J. W.
| Salter, 8 plates.
1863 1 The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VI, No. 2, Devonian, by Mr. Davidson, 11 plates.
| The Belemnitide, Part I, Introduction, by Prof. Phillips.
L The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, Part I, by Prof. Owen, 16 plates.
r The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. If, Part II (Liassie Ophiuroidea), by Dr.
Wright, 6 plates.
| The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part III, by Mr. J. W.
| Salter, 11 plates.
1864 4 The Belemnitide, Part II, Liassic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips, 7 plates.
| The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part I, Introduction, Felis spelea, by Messrs. W. Boyd
| Dawkins and W. A. Sanford, 5 plates.
Title-pages, &e , to the Monographs on the Reptilia of the London Clay, Cretaceous,
L and Wealden Formations.
{ The Crag Foraminifera, Part 1, by Messrs. T. Rupert Jones, W. K. Parker, and
H. B. Brady, 4 plates.
1865 j Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part I, Tertiary, by Dr. Duncan, 10 plates.
The Fossil Merostomata, Part I, Pterygotus, by Mr. H. Woodward, 9 plates.
L The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 1, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson, 12 plates.
( Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part IV, No. 1, Liassic, by Dr. Duncan, 11 plates.
| The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part IV (Silurian), by Mr.
1866 4 J. W. Salter, 6 plates.
| The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 2, Silurian, by M1. Davidson, 10 plates.
L The Belemnitide, Part III, Liassic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips, 13 plates.
( Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part I, by Mr. E. W. Binney, 6 plates.
Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part IV, No. 2, Liassic, by Dr. Duncan, 6 plates.
The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part II, by Dr. Wright, 14 plates.
1867+ The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part I, by Messrs. J. Powrie and H. Ray
| Lankester, 5 plates.
The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part II, Felis spelea, continued, by Messrs. W. Boyd
L Dawkins and W. A. Sanford, 14 plates.
Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part II, No. 1, Cretaceous, by Dr. Duncan, 9 plates.
[ The Fossil Merostomata, Part II, Pterygotus, by Mr. H. Woodward, 6 plates.
|
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. III, Part VII, No. 3, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson, 15 plates.
1868 {+ The Belemnitide, Part IV, Liassic and Oolitic Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips, 7 plates.
| The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay, No. 3, by Prof. Owen, 4 plates.
| The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part III, Felis spelea, concluded, with F. lynx, by
U Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Sanford, 6 plates.
( Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part II, No. 2, Cretaceous, by Dr. Duncan, 6 plates.
| The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part III, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
J The Belemnitidee, Part V, Oxford Clay, &c., Belemnites, by Prof. Phillips, 9 plates.
1869 , The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part I (concluded), by Messrs. J. Powrie and
| HK. Ray Lankester, 9 plates.
| The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, Part II, by Prof. Owen, 4 plates.
\ The Crag Cetacea, No. 1, by Prof. Owen, 5 plates.
( The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part II, by Mr. E. W. Binney, 6 plates.
| The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part IV, by Dr. Wright, 10
- plates.
1870 + The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IT, Part VIL, No. 4, Silurian, by Mr. Davidson) 1ahulanedt
| The Eocene Mollusca, Part IV, No. 3, Bivalves, by Mr. S. V. Wood, 5 plates.
The Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations, by Prof. Owen, 4 plates.
* These Volumes are issued in two forms of binding; first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in
one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope.
The previous Volumes are not in separate parts.
Vol. XXV.*
ny ON" as
» &XVIIL*
py 2D. \/IUN
3 DX.
A) 2-G:O:Gu
Fy 20:03:45.
5p BOOMs
Issued for the
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
{ The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part III, by Mr. E. W. Binney, 6 plates.
The Fossil Merostomata, Part III, Pterygotus and Slimonia, by Mr. H. Woodward,
5 plates.
Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, Part I (Univalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood, with an
Introduction on the Crag District, by Messrs. S. V. Wood, jun., and F. W.
Harmer, 7 plates and map.
Year 1871 1 Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Iguanodon), No. IV, by Prof. Owen,
3 plates
| The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part IV, Felis pardus, &c., by Messrs. W. Boyd Dawkins
and W. A. Sanford, 2 plates.
| The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part V, Ovibos moschatus, by Mr. W. Boyd Dawkins.
L 5 plates.
( Supplement to the Fossil Corals, Part III (Oolitic), by Prof. Duncan, with an Index
to the Tertiary and Secondary Species, 7 plates.
1879 J The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part V, by Dr. Wright, 5 plates.
oe | The Fossil Merostomata, Part IV (Stylonurus, Eurypterus, Hemiaspis), by Mr. H.
1 Woodward, 10 plates.
L The Fossil Trigoniz, No. I, by Dr. Lycett, 9 plates.
( The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol I, Part VI, by Dr. Wright, 8 plates.
| Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part I (Tertiary and Cretaceous), by
Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
1873 4 Suppiement to the Crag Mollusca, Part IT (Bivalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood, 5 plates.
| eApeleneny to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Iguanodon), No. V, by Prof. Owen.
plates.
[ Supplement to the Réptilia of the Wealden (Hyleochampsa) No. VI, by Prof. Owen.
The Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part I, by Prof. Owen, 2 plates.
( The Post-Tertiary Entomostraca, by Mr. G. 8. Brady, Rev. H. W. Crosskey, and Mr.
| D. Robertson, 16 plates.
1874 4 The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part I (Cypridinade), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones
| and Messrs. J. W. Kirkby and G. 8. Brady, 5 plates.
The Fossil Trigoniz, No. II, by Dr. Lycett, 10 plates.
The Flora of the Carboniferous Strata, Part IV, by Mr. E. W. Binney, 6 plates.
1875 The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part VII, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
: The Fossil Trigonie, No. III, by Dr. Lycett, 8 plates.
The Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part II, by Prof. Owen, 20 plates.
(The Carboniferous and Permian Foraminifera (the genus Fusulina excepted), by Mr.
| H. B. Brady, 12 plates.
1876 d Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part II, No. 1 (Jurassic and Triassic)
by Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
| Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Poikilopleuron and Chondrosteosaurus)
IL No. VII, by Prof. Owen, 6 plates.
Supplement to the Eocene Mollusca (Bivalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood, 2 plates.
The Fossil Trigonie, No. IV, by Dr. Lycett, 13 plates.
1877 The Eocene Mollusca (Univalves), Part IV, by Mr. S. V. Wood, 1 plate.
: The Carboniferous Ganoid Fishes, Part I (Paleoniscide), by Dr. Traquair, 7 plates.
The Fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, Part III, by Prof. Owen, 2 plates.
l The Fossil Elephants (E. antiquus), Part I, by Prof. Leith Adams, 5 plates.
( The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part VIII, by Dr. Wright, 8 plates.
Index and Title Page to the Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. I (Echinoidea), by Dr.
Wright.
The Fossil Merostomata, Part V (Neolimulus, &c.), by Dr. H. Woodward, 6 plates.
| Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part II, No. 2 (Jurassic and Triassic),
1878 4 by Mr. Davidson, 13 plates.
‘© | The Lias Ammonites, Part I, by Dr. Wright, 8 plates.
The Sirenoid and Crossopterygian Ganoids, Part I, by Prof. Miall, 6 plates.
Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Goniopholis, Petrosuchus, and Sucho-
saurus), No. VIII, by Prof. Owen, 6 plates.
L The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part A (Preliminary Treatise), by Prof. Boyd Dawkins.
* These Volumes are issued in two forms of binding; first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in
one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope.
The previous Volumes are not in separate parts.
20
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
( The Eocene Flora, Vol. I, Part I, by Mv. J. 8. Gardner and Baron Ettingshausen, 5 plates.
1 Second Supplement to the Crag Mollusca (Univalves and Bivalves), by Mr. S. V. Wood,
6 plates.
Vol. XXXIII.* Issued for the | The Fosaill ‘Taisonins No. V (Conclusion), by Dr. Lycett, 1 plate.
Year 1879 ) The Lias Ammonites, Part II, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
| Supplement to the Reptilia of the Wealden (Goniopholis, Brachydectes, Nannosuchus,
Theriosuchus, and Nuthetes), No. IX, by Prof. Owen, 4 plates.
L The Fossil Elephants (H. primigenius), Part II, by Prof. Leith Adams, 10 plates.
( The Hocene Flora, Vol. I, Part II, by Mr. J. 8. Gardner and Baron Ettingshausen,
H 6 plates.
| The Fossil Echinodermata, Oolitic, Vol. II, Part III (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea),
| by Dr. Wright, 3 plat ‘
y ONY Le right, pilates.
9 SON » 1880 1 Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. [V, Part III (Permian and Carboniferous),
by Mr. Davidson, 8 plates.
| The Lias Ammonites, Part III, by Dr. Wright, 22 plates.
The Reptilia of the London Clay, Vol. II, Part 1 (Chelone) by Prof. Owen, 2 plates.
( The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. I, Part LX, by Dr. Wright, 6 plates.
Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, Part IV (Devonian and Silurian,
from Budleigh-Salterton Pebble Bed), by Mr. Davidson, 5 plates.
eau The Fossil Trigonie (Supplement No. 1), by Dr. Lycett.
2) BOON » 1881 The Lias Ammonites. Part IV, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, Part III (Conclusion), by Prof. Owen, 13 plates.
The Fossil Elephants (EH. primigenius and E. meridionalis), Part III (Conclusion),
L by Prof. Leith Adams, 13 plates.
( The Eocene Flora, Vol. I, Part III (Conclusion), by Mr. J. S. Gardner and Baron
Ettingshausen, 2 plates.
| Third Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, by the late Mr. 8. V. Wood, 1 plate.
XXXVI* 1889 4 The Fossil Echinodermata, Cret., Vol. I, Part X (Conclusion), by Dr. Wright, 5 plates.
a j Pa ~* | Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. 1V, Part V (Conclusion), by Dr. Davidson.
Do., Vol. V, Part I (Devonian and Silurian), by Dr. Davidson, 7 plates.
The Lias Ammonites, Part V, by Dr. Wright, 22 plates.
( The Hocene Flora, Vol. II, Part I, by Mx. J. 8. Gardner, 9 plates.
The Trilobites of the Silurian, Devonian, &c., Formations, Part V (Conclusion), by the
late Mr. J. W. Salter.
XXXVIL* 1883 i The Carboniferous Trilobites, Part I, by Dr. H. Woodward, 6 plates.
; 7, “ } Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. V, Part IL (Silurian), by Dr. Davidson,
10 plates.
The Fossil Trigonizw (Supplement No. 2), by the late Dr. Lycett, 4 plates.
The Lias Ammonites, Part VI, by Dr. Wright, 8 plates.
p The Kocene Flora, Vol. I, Part II, by Mr. J. 8. Gardner, 11 plates.
The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part I, No. 2 (Conclusion), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones,
Mr. J. W. Kirkby, and Prof. G. S. Brady, 2 plates.
py LOONIE? » 18844 The Carboniferous Trilobites, Part II, by Dr. H. Woodward, 4 plates.
Supplement to the Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. V, Part III (Conclusion), by Dr. Davidson,
4 plates.
L The Lias ANOReS Part VII, by Dr. Wright, 10 plates.
( The Eocene Flora, Vol. II, Part IIL (Conclusion), by Mr. J. S. Gardner, 7 plates.
| The Stromatoporoids, Part I, by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson, 11 plates.
», SXXITX* » 1885 4 The Fossil Brachiopoda (Bibliography), Vol. VI (Conclusion), by the late Dr. Davidson
and Mr. W. H. Dalton.
The Lias Ammonites, Part VIII (Conclusion), by the late Dr. Wright, 1 plate.
( The Morphology and Histology of Stigmaria Ficoides, by Prof. W. C. Williamson,
15 plates.
XL» , } The Fossil Sponges, Part I, by Dr. G. J. Hinde, 8 plates.
” ; » 18865 The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 1, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston.
The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part I, by Mr. S. S. Buckman, 6 plates.
The Pleistocene Mammalia, Part VI, by Prof. Boyd Dawkins, 7 plates.
The Fossil Sponges, Part II, by Dr. G. J. Hinde, 1 plate.
XLL* 1887 The Paleozoic Phylopoda, Part I, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward, 12 plates.
as ; 23 ‘ ) The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 2, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 6 plates.
The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part II, by Mr. 8. S. Buckman, 8 plates.
* These Volumes are issued in two forms of binding; first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in
one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope.
, gray i , E P
21
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
(uke Stromatoporoids, Part II, by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson, 8 plates.
The Tertiary Entomostraca (Supplement), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Mr. C. D.
Sherborn, 3 plates. '
The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 3, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 5 plates.
Vol, XLII.* Issued for the J The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part III, by Mr. S. 8. Buckman, 10 plates.
Year 1888 | The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part I, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne,
4 plates.
Title-pages to the Monographs on the Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck (Supple-
ments), Kimmeridge Clay, and Mesozoic Formations, and on the Cetacea of
L the Red Crag.
( The Cretaceous Entomostraca (Supplement), by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. G. J.
Hinde, 4 plates. Sean i
‘ The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 4, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 5 plates.
9 I “ 1682 The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part IV, by Mr. 8.8. Buckman, 13 plates. __
| The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part II, by the Rey. G. F. Whidborne,
lL 12 plates.
~The Stromatoporoids, Part III, by Prof. Alleyne Nichoison, 6 plates.
[ The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part I (Asteroidea), by Mr. W. Percy
Sladen, 8 plates.
35. AIA Se » 18904 The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part V, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman, 8 plates.
| The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part III, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne,
| 9 plates.
Title-pages to the Supplement to the Fossil Corals, by Prof. Duncan.
( The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 5, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 4 plates.
| The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part VI, by Mr. 8S. S. Buckman, 12 plates.
» XLV.* » 1891 4 The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Part IV (Conclusion of Vol. I),
| 7 plates.
IL i 5 Vol. II, Part I, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne, 5 plates.
( The Stromatoporoids, Part IV (Conclusion), by Prof. Alleyne Nicholson, 4 plates.
| The Palzozoic Phyllopoda, Part II, by Prof. 1. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward, 5 plates.
XLVL* 1892 The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 6, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 6 plates,
2 : 22 “) The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part VII, by Mr. S. S. Buckman, 20 plates.
| The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part II, by the Rev. G. F.
L Whidborne, 5 plates.
¢ The Fossil Sponges, Part III, by Dr. G. J. Hinde, 10 plates.
The Fossil Echinodermata, Cretaceous, Vol. II, Part Il (Asteroidea), by Mr. W. Percy
Sladen, 8 plates.
The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part VIII, by Mr. 8. S. Buckman, 16 plates.
The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part ILI, by the Rev. G. F.
Whidborne, 7 plates.
», SLVII.* » 1893
Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part I, by Dr. W. Hind, 11 plates.
The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part IX, by Mr. 8.58. Buckman, 11 plates.
The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, Part II, No.1, by Dr. R. H. Traquair, 4 plates.
|
The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 7, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 6 plates.
4p OUND LS » 1894 |
( The Crag Foraminifera, Part I, by Prof. T. R. Jones, 3 plates.
The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 8, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston, 8 plates.
|
ay DIUIDIG5s » 1895 4 Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part II, by Dr. W. Hind, 9 plates.
| The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. II, Part 1V, by the Rev. G. F.
L Whidborne, 7 plates.
The Crag Foraminifera, Part III, by Prof. T. R. Jones.
The Jurassic Gasteropoda, Part I, No. 9 (Conclusion), by Mr. W. H. Hudleston,
| 4 plates.
Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, Part III (Conclusion), by Dr. W. Hind
” L.* ” 1896 1 plate. . ,
The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part I, by Dr. W. Hind, 4 plates.
The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. III, Part I, by the Rey. G. F.
Whidborne, 16 plates.
* These Volumes are issued in two forms of binding; first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in
one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope.
22
CATALOGUE OF WORKS—Continued.
( The one Foraminifera, Part IV (Conclusion), by Prof. T. R. Jones.
| The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part II, by Dr. W. Hind, 13 plates.
Vol. LI* Heetedioe sue ; The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland, Part I, by Dr. A. H. Foord, 7 plates.
[ieee Devenian eeaee oe the South of England, Vol. Tit, Part 11, by the Rev. G. F.
Whidborne, 5 plates.
The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, Part III, by Prof. T. R. Jones and Dr. Woodward, 8 plates.
The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part III, by Dr. W. Hind, 10 plates.
LIL* 1898 4 The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part X, by Mr. 8. 8. Buckman, 4 plates.
2 : as | The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland, Part II, by Dr. A. H. Foord, 10 plates.
The Devonian Fauna of the South of England, Vol. III, Part II, by the Rev. G. F.
Whidborne, 17 plates.
(The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, Part IV (Conclusion), by Prof. T. R. Jones and
Dr. Woodward, 6 plates.
5, LIII.* 5 Ie J The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, Part I, by Mr. H. Woods! 14 plates.
| The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, Part IV, by Dr. W. Hind, 14 plates.
(The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, Part XI, by Mr. §. 8. Buckman, 10 plates.
* These Volumes are issued in two forms of binding; first, with all the Monographs stitched together and enclosed in
one cover; secondly, with each of the Monographs separate, and the whole of the separate parts placed in an envelope.
a eae
23
§ II. LIST OF MONOGRAPHS
Completed, in course of Publication, and in Preparation.
1. MONOGRAPHS which have been Comp.erep, and which may be bound as separate
Volumes, with directions for the Btnp1Ne :—
The Morphology and Histology of Stigmaria ficoides by Prof. W. C, Williamson. (Complete
with Title-page and Index in the Volume for the year 1886.)
The Eocene Flora, Vol. I (Filices), by Mr. J. S. Gardner and Baron Ettingshausen. (Complete
in the Volumes for the years 1879, 1880, and 1882. Title-page, Index, and directions
for the binding, will be found in the Volume for 1882.)
The Eocene Flora, Vol. Il (Gymnosperme), by Mr, J. S. Gardner. (Complete in the
Volumes for the years 1883, 1884, and 1885. Title-page, Index, and directions for the
binding, will be found in the Volume for 1885.)
The Crag Foraminifera, by Prof.'l. Rupert Jones, W. K. Parker, and H. B. Brady, assisted by
H. W. Burrows, C. D. Sherborn, F. W. Millett, R. Holland, and F. Chapman. (Com-
plete in the Volumes for the years 1865, 1895, 1896, and 1897. Title-page, Index, and
directions for the binding, will be found in the Volume for 1897.)
The Carboniferous and Permian Foraminifera (the genus Fusulina excepted), by Mr. H. B.
Brady. (Complete in the Volume for the year 1876.)
The Stromatoporoids, by Prof. Alleyue Nicholson. (Complete in the Volumes for the
years 1885, 1888, 1890, and 1892. The Title-page, Index, and directions for binding will
be found in the Volume for the year 1892.)
The Tertiary, Cretaceous, Oolitic, Devonian, and Silurian Corals, by MM. Milne-Edwards
and J. Haime. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1849, 1851, 1852, 1853, and
1854. The Title-page and Index, with corrected explanations of Plates XVII and XVIII,
will be found in the Volume for the year 1854.)
Supplement to the Tertiary, Cretaceous, Liassic, and Oolitic Corals, by Prof. Martin Duncan.
(Complete in the Volumes for the years 1865, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1872, and 1890.
The Title-page, with directions for binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1890.)
The Polyzoa of the Crag, by Mr. G. Busk. (Complete with Title-page and Index in the
Volume for the year 1857.)
The Tertiary Echinodermata, by Professor Forbes. (Complete with Title-page in the Volume
Jor the year 1852.)
The Fossil Cirripedes, by Mr. C. Darwin. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1851, 1854,
and 1858. The Title-page will be found in the Volume for the year 1854, and the Index
in the Volume for the year 1858.
The Post-Tertiary Entomostraca, by Mr. G. S. Brady, the Rev. H. W. Crosskey, and Mr. D.
Robertson. (Complete, with Title-page and Index, in the Volume for the year 1874.)
The Tertiary Entomostraca, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. (Complete, with Title-page and Index,
in the Volume for the year 1855.)
Supplement to the Tertiary Entomostraca, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. (Complete, with Titie-
page and Index, in the Volume for the year 1888.)
The Cretaceous Entomostraca, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. (Complete, with Title-page and
Index, in the Volume for the year 1849.)
Supplement to the Cretaceous Entomostraca, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. G. J. Hinde.
(Complete, with Title-page and Index, in the Volume for the year 1889.)
The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part I (Cypridinade and their allies), by Prof. T. Rupert
Jones, Mr. J. W. Kirkby, and Prof. G.S. Brady. (Complete in the volumes for the years
1874 and 1884. The Title-page and Index will be found in the Volume for the year 1884.)
24.
The Fossil Estheriz, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. (Complete, with Title-page and Indez, in the
Volume for the year 1860.)
The Paleozoic Phyllopoda, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Dr. H. Woodward. (Complete,
in the Volumes for the years 1887, 1892, 1898, and 1899. The Title-page and Index,
with directions for the binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1899.)
The Trilobites of the Cambrian, Silurian, and Devonian Formations, by Mr. J. W. Salter.
(Complete in the Volumes for the years 1862, 1863, 1864, 1866, and 1883. The Title-page
and Index, with directions for the binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1883.)
The Fossil Merostomata, by Dr. H. Woodward. (Complete in the Volumes for the years
1865, 1868, 1871, 1872, and 1878. The Title-page and Index, with directions for the
binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1878.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda (Tertiary, Cretaceous, Oolitic, and Liassic), Vol. I, by Mr. T. Davidson.
(Complete in the Volumes for the years 1850, 1852, 1858, and 1854, The Index will be
found in the Volume for the year 1854, and correcteé Title-page in that for 1870.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda (Permian and Carboniferous), Vol. II, by Mr. T. Davidson. (Complete
in the Volumes for the years 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1860, The Index will be found
in the Volume for the year 1860, and corrected Title-page in that for 1870.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda (Devonian and Silurian), Vol. III, by Mr. T. Davidson. (Complete in
the Volumes for the years 1862, 1863, 1865, 1866, 1868, and 1870. The Title-page and
Index will be found in the Volume for the year 1870.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. IV, by Dr. T. Davidson. Supplements: Tertiary, Cretaceous,
Jurassic, Triassic, Permian, and Carboniferous. (Complete in the Volumes for the years
1873, 1876, 1878, 1880, 1881, and 1882. The Title-page and Index, with directions for
the bindiny will be found in the Volume for the year 1882.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. V, by Dr. T. Davidson. Supplements : Devonian and Silurian.
Appendix to Supplements, General Summary, Catalogue and Index of the British Species.
(Complete in the Volumes for the years 1882, 1883, and 1884. The Title-page, with
directions for the binding will be found in the Volume for the year 1884.)
The Fossil Brachiopoda, Vol. VI, by Dr. T. Davidson and Mr. W. H. Dalton. Biblio-
graphy. (Complete in the Volume for the year 1885.)
The Eocene Bivalves, Vol. I, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood. (Complete, with Title-page and Index, in
the Volumes for the years 1859, 1862, and 1870. The directions for the binding will be
found in the Volume for the year 1870.)
Supplement to the Eocene Bivalves, by Mr. 8. V. Wood. (Complete, with Title-paye and
Index, in the Volume for the year 1877.)
The Eocene Cephalopoda and Univalves, Vol. I, by Mr. F. E. Edwards and Mr. 8. V. Wood.
(Complete in the Volumes for the years 1848, 1852, 1854, 1855, 1858, and 1877, The Title-
page, Index, and directions for the binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1877.)
The Mollusca of the Crag, Vol. I, Univalves, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood. (The Text, Plates, and
Index, will te found in the Volume for the year 1847, and the Title-page will be found in
the Volume for the year 1855.)
The Mollusea of the Crag, Vol. II, Bivalves, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood. (Complete in the Volumes
for the years 1850, 1858, 1855, 1858, and 1878, The Title-page will be found in the
Volume for the year 1873, and the Index will be found in the Volume for the year 1855,
and a Note in the Volume for the year 1858).
The Mollusca of the Crag, Vol. III, Supplement, by Mr. S. V. Wood. (Complete in the
Volumes for the years 1871 and 1873. The Title-page and Index will be found in the
Volume for the year 1873.)
Second Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, by Mr. 8S. V. Wood. (Complete, with Title-page
and Index, in the Volume for the year 1879.)
25
Third Supplement to the Crag Mollusca, by Mr. 8. V. Wood. (Complete, with Title-paye and
Index, in the Volume for the year 1882.)
The Great Oolite Mollusca, by Professor Morris and Dr, Lycett. (Complete in the Volumes
for the years 1850, 1853, and 1854, The Title-paye and Index will be found in the
Volume for the year 1854.)
The Gasteropoda of the Inferior Oolite, by Mr. W. H. Hudleston. (Complete in the Volumes
Jor the years 1886, 1887, 1889, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1895, and 1896. The Title-page,
Index, und directions for the binding will be found in the Volume for the year 1896.)
The Fossil Trigoniz, by Dr. Lycett. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1872, 1874,
1875, 1877, and 1879. The directions for the binding will be found in the Volume for the
year 1879.)
Supplement to the Fossil Trigoniz, by Dr. Lycett. (Complete in the Volumes for the years
1881 and 1883. The Title-page, Index, with directions for the binding, will be found in
the Volume for the year 1883.) ;
Carbonicola, Anthracomya, and Naiadites, by Dr. Wheelton Hind. (Complete in the Volumes
Jor the years 1894, 1895, and 1896. The Title-page and Index will be found in the
Volume for the year 1896.)
The Oolitic Echinodermata, Vol. I, Echinoidea, by Dr. Wright. (Complete in the Volumes
for the years 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, and 1878. Title-page, Index, and directions for
the binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1878.)
The Oolitic Echinodermata, Vol. II, Asteroidea, by Dr. Wright. (Complete in the Volumes
for the years 1861, 1864, and 1880. Title-page, Index, and directions for the binding,
will be found in the Volume for the year 1880).
The Cretaceous Echinodermata, Vol. I, Echinoidea, by Dr. Wright. (Complete in the Volumes
for the years 1862, 1867, 1869, 1870, 1872, 1873, 1875, 1878, 1881, and 1882. The
Title-page and Index, with directions for the binding, will be found in the Volume for the
year 1882.)
The Cretaceous (Upper) Cephalopoda, by Mr. D. Sharpe. (Complete in the Volumes for the
years 1858, 1854, and 1855, but wants Title-paye and Index.)
The Lias Ammonites, by Dr. Wright. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1878, 1879,
1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, and 1885. The Title-page and Index, with directions for
the binding, will be found in the Volume for the year 1885.)
The Fossils of the Permian Formation, by Professor King. (Complete, with Title-page and
Index, in the Volume for the year 1849. Corrected explanations of Plates XXVIII and
XXVITT¥ will be found in the Volume for the year 1854.)
The Reptilia of the London Clay (and of the Bracklesham and other Tertiary Beds), Vol. I,
by Professors Owen and Bell. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1848, 1849, 1856,
and 1864. Directions for the binding, Title-paye, and Index, will be found in the
Volume for the year 1864.) Part I of Vol. II, containing Chelone gigas (to be found in
the Volume for the year 1880), can be added.
The Reptilia of the Cretaceous Formations, by Prof. Owen, (Complete in the Volumes for the
years 1851, 1857, 1858, 1862, and 1864. Directions for the binding, Title-page, and
Index, will be found in the Volume for the year 1864.)
The Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations, by Professor Owen. (Complete in the
Volumes for the years 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1862, and 1864. Directions
for the binding, Title-pages, and Index, will be found in the Volume for the year 1864.)
The Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations (Supplements 4—9), by Professor
Owen. (Complete in the Volumes for the years 1871, 1873, 1876, 1878, 1879, and 1888.
Directions for the binding, Title-page, Preface, and Table of Contents, will be found in
the Volume for the year 1888.)
ms
26
The Reptilia of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, by Protessor Owen. (Compiete im the
Yolumes for the years 1859, 1860, 1868, and 1888. Directions for the binding, Title-
page, Preface, and Table of Contents, will be found in the Volume for the year 1888.)
The Reptilia of the Liassic Formations, by Professor Owen. (Complete in the Volumes for
the years 1859, 1860, 1863, 1869, and 1881. Directions for the binding, Title-pages,
and Index, will be found in the Volume for the year 1881.)
The Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations, by Professor Owen. (Complete in the Volumes for
the years 1873, 1875, 1877, and 1888. Directions for the binding, Title-page, Preface,
and Table of Contents, will be found in the Volume for the year 1888.)
The Red Crag Cetacea, by Professor Owen. (Complete im the Volumes for the years 1869 and
1888. Directions for the binding, Title-page, Preface, and Table of Contents, will be
found in the Volume for the year 1888.)
The Fossil Mammalia of the Mesozoic Formations, by Professor Owen. (Complete, with Title-
page and Table of Contents, in the Volume for the year 1870.)
The Fossil Elephants, by Professor Leith Adams. (Complete in the Volumes for the years
1877, 1879, and 1881. Directions for the binding, Title-page, and Index will be found
in the Volume for the year 1881.)
2. MONOGRAPHS in course of Pusiication :*—
The Fossil Sponges, by Dr. G. J. Hinde.
The Cretaceous Lamellibranchia, by Mr. H. Woods.
The Carboniferous Lamellibranchiata, by Dr. Wheelton Hind.
The Trilobites, by Dr. H. Woodward.
The Inferior Oolite Ammonites, by Mr. S. S. Buckman.
The Belemnites, by Professor Phillips.+
The Carboniferous Cephalopoda of Ireland, by Dr. A. H. Foord.
The Sirenoid and Crossopterygian Ganoids, by Professor Miall.
The Fishes of the Carboniferous Formation, by Dr. R. H. Traquair.
The Fishes of the Old Red Sandstone, by Messrs. J. Powrie and E. Ray Lankester, and
Professor Traquair.
The Pleistocene Mammalia, by Messrs. Boyd Dawkins and W. A. Sanford.
The Fauna of the Devonian Formation of the South of England, by the Rev. G. F. Whidborne.
3. MONOGRAPHS which are promised or are in course of PREPARATION :*—
The Fossil Cycadex, by Mr. A. C. Seward.
‘The Graptolites, by Prof. Lapworth.
The Carboniferous Entomostraca, Part II, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones and Mr. J. W. Kirkby.
The Wealden, Purbeck, and Jurassic Entomostraca, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, and Messrs.
C, D. Sherborn and F. Chapman.
The Cambrian Fossils, by Dr. H. Hicks,
The Silurian Fish Bed, by Dr. Harley.
The Fossils of the Budleigh Salterton Pebble Bed, py the Rev, G. F. Whidborne.
* Members having specimens which might assist the authors in preparing their respective
Monographs are requested to communicate in the first instance with the Honorary Secretary.
+ Unfinished through the death of the Author, but will be continued by Mr. G. C. Crick.
§ III. Dates of the Issue of the Yearly Volumes of the
Palzeontographical Society.
Volume I for 1847 was issued to the Members, March, 1848.
of II ,, 1848 ‘s 5 5a July, 1849.
5A III ,, 1849 35 5 August, 1850.
., TV eee S50 a 5 = June, 1851.
Bs Ve. SS _ ee June, 1851.
Fr Wil 5,5) 1852) i x 5 August, 1852.
A Vili wisas 3 x 7. December, 1855.
a VI ssa iy a May, 1855.
A Xe 1855 93 a Po February, 1857.
% Oe S56 Be nA My Apri, 1858.
39 YAIE G5. dltskty/ 5 - - November, 1859.
55 MOH 1sb8 es 5 6 March, 1861.
SS ME; 1859 ri = 2 December, 1861.
3 XY SS S60 55 3 59 May, 1863.
35 MVS, LS6l ae - . May, 1863.
mn XVI S62 Ks 5 ne August, 1864.
3 VIL 1863: 4 ns . June, 1865.
one Ce G64 re s. rf April, 1866.
7 Dele S65. A i ie December, 1866.
5 KX -5, 1866 Ry be 55 June, 1867.
5 SOS S67 - ‘; x June, 1868.
3 XX USGS 55 he ‘S February, 1869.
me) OL Gs | S69 5 Fi a January, 1870.
VS, 1870 = 3% & January, 1871.
+ DOA Fee silty 5 re fe June, 1872.
woe Ee 1872 = ra A October, 1872.
OVI SS 1873 re Bs 3 February, 1874.
AON LT 1874 _ bi July, 1874.
DODO ee ates) R ua 53 December, 1875.
5 XXX G, S76 _ e oe December, 1876.
55 D2: O. 0 Cae tv e7/ i se a February, 1877.
ee NT 1878 Ff ze - March, 1878.
row LE 6, 6 (LS79 e He . May, 1879.
Ee MLY = 1880 3 a3 5 May, 1880.
PEAKE 4, 1881 sy a May, 1881.
PEE OVE. 5, S82 - 5s - June, 1882.
Oe VIE | «1883 5 PA - October, 1883.
»yXXXVIII ,, 1884 5 a 3 December, 1884
we (S85 - aS me January, 1886.
5 XL ,, 1886 5 nes March, 1887.
: Meine LSSz if io me January, 1888.
a XLII ,, 1888 Fe a 23 March, 1889.
Volume XLIII for
me,
9
?
%
XLIV
BCL
>. Cina
xa
SGV LL
ODD
ib
LI
LI
LMI
3
a)
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
was
3)
28
issued to
the
Members,
March, 1890.
April, 1891.
February, 1892.
November, 1892.
December, 1893.
November, 1894.
October, 1895.
October, 1896.
December, 1897.
December, 1898.
December, 1899.
29
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eg on Joon | 889° JOON cosn7 jolon YILYA Ut SIVA AY} JO Saqrq. yotyn LOf SIRI IY} JO sayeq
oak A ae “m IIE IL 1
a a
‘panuyuos— (G68 ‘UAANAOUC 9 dn) suaaNayY AHL OL G4assl sHaVUDONO|Y AHL AO XUVWWAG
32
§ V. SrratigkaPHicaL Tass evhibiting the Britisu Fossits already figured and described
in the ANNUAL VoLuMEs (1847—1899) of the PALHONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
| PROTOZOA. RADIATA. ARTICULATA.
—s wp) — = . _
ion! c n : é mn
mil a, Wee al) Sid 4 F Sao 9 ee i ae
a 2 5: = & gS. | 3 S zl 26
< ea = ak a "s 7 8 a =| 5s a)
iS 42 22 2 &, nS S S 2 joules
ely ans E ie 5 a Be |S 3 = Sa
Be ea all ee a Stealer ares oa |e 5 = Ze
| es = a rs oO > av} = aU
5 es} ) a
Pleistocene ...... a |r atacand he eee { ee
| 1865
ae 895 oe 1851
Crag eeeccneverecece | eee 1896 1849 1852 1854 1888
(|1879 ) 1897
| 1880 |
1882 1849 y 1851 1855
SZ 2
Eocene eeecccce 4 11883) 0" | 185 1854 TFS 90 |} Sedpsg fa 1856
| 1884. |
| | 1867
| 869)"
| 1870")
| 1872 |
1849) | | 1873 | 1851 1849
Cretaceous ...... seed {iss 4 1875 f 1854 1839] vv: | cree | tte eee 1860
hes | 1878 |
| 1881 |
| 1882 | |
; 1890 |
{| 1893 } |
Wealdentiancaieullicesallitecen, Sid Leal) uetes nelle ann cnes taeda cee 1860
1855, 1856,
‘ti Nevaaaul 1851 1857, 1858, Z |
Oolitieyreeseeee | 1893 | 1872 1861, 1878, 1851 1860
| 1880 |
: 1851 1855, 1856,
IGE ETO, oanonsbeae 1893 | 1866 1858, 186i,
1867 1864
USEC Er aNee cob k ea | 1GSG) Se eecers: 1860
|
: | 1849) 1849 3
P ¢ S44 i
ermian ... cess. /1849 1849 Here 1852 USA OTA iP a ecane. 1849 i860
(1867 }
| |1870) | 1874. ee 1872
( bonifer s 87 87 7 852 =~ oa :
arboniferou 1871 C1887|§1876\| soz.) een |e { 1881) 18081 f 1876 } __ 1883, 1884
Ulisse) | (1853 meee Bs
Ane OF | 1865
| . | | O00 1895 1868 |
Devonian ......... 1887 | 4 1888 b L898) A, wesacee | 1888 1860 1872 | 1862, 1888
| 1890 | S725 ("1
(1892 ) | ves |
esa 1887, ( 1868
Sean 1886 } 1885 1892 1871 6 1862, poet
rid ea 1887 1890 1898 1872 | {i864 1866
‘ 1899, | 1878
|
‘ : 1886 , 1887)
ambriar a 7
Cambrian,........ 1887 } 1890 ) 2 2
ion = z a a) =
b _—
(1864
1867
1868
| | 1871
Pleistocene ...... IST SPR oe aa = IP eves Dull | le Wetter + 1877
| | 1878
| | 1879
| | 1881
oe 1847, 1850, (1886
“a ise eee EGS, 1855, | | 71869
AG wssaee eeeeeeees 1879 1871, 1873, i seevee | 1881
: 1879, 1882 1888
| (1852, 1854,
1852) | J 1855, 1858, < |
Moderne sce... ‘fee | 4 1859, 1862, 1848 1848, 1849, 1856, 1880
| (1870, 1877
~, .| (1872, 1875, 1853 ee ee
1852,1854, ] | Ma eel Y 1851, 1857, 1858
Cretaceous......... 1873, et Hs 7, 1879, } jis! 1862, 1873, 1888
1899 1855 aoeien
1855, 1856,
1857, 1862,
WVGalldenteaeee tone Mer ininr (MPC ste ccc, 0) IE rere 4 1871, 1873,
| 1875, 1876,
re 1878, 1879
(1850, 1853, ) | LI! SEAniae
| es | (1850, 1861, } (ae ae? |
| | 1874, 1875, 1868, 1869, | | Chay), 1889, |
'1850,1852,) | | 1877,1879, | | | 1886, 1887, | | Seen aces |
Ooliticusss see. 1876,1878, + 2 1883, 1886, + |{ 188%, 1889, | + | SARE ace, | 1870
1884 J| | 1887,1888, | | | 1890, 1891, | | eee eee
| | 1889, 1891, 1892, 1894, (Great Oolite) ||
1892, 1894, 1898, 1899 | J 1875, 1888
| (1895, 1896 _) | ( 1863, 1864,
| I
ispO Mooi Coreen ers alilbnses’ sere | 1859, 1860,
Wiiaesic’ ...sgeceseee 1876,1878, | Ui aes Seat ab hs gee etal MLC 1863, 1869,
sae 1879, 1883 1880, 1881, || gee ah
| 1882, 1883, ues
(1884, 1885 |]
Triassic............ ae 1876, 1878 US79s gy C7 ts |e eee: 1870
Permian ......... TG teaciaea 1849 1849 | 1849 1849
5 |
Carboniferous ... | : | 1896, 1897, { ae 1877
1860,1880) (| | ie98, 1996 1898
1884 J} | Can |
| ¢1895 1862,1863, 1890, 1891, | £1867
Devonian ......... fae 1881,1882, }| + 1892, 1893, 1889 1869
U 1884.,1893 1896, 1897 | | 1894.
1865,1866, |
ae 1868,1870,
Siltirianwescceneers. 1881,1882,
Cambrian ......... HAG 1883
Nore.—The numbers in the above List refer to the Volumes issued for those Dates.
Or
PALAMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
INSTITUTED MDCCCXLVIL.
VOLUME FOR 1899.
LONDON:
A MONOGRAPH
OF THE
BRITISH = PALASOZOIC =PHYLLEOPODA
(PH YLLOCARIDA, Packarp).
BY
PROF. T. RUPERT JONES, F.B.S., F.G.S., &c.,
AND
DR. HENRY WOODWARD, F.RB.S., F.G.S8., &c.
PARTE:
(CONCLUSION.)
GENERAL TITLE-PAGE; PaGEs i—xv, 175, 176 (REPRINTED), 177—211; Pirates XXVI—XXXI.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
1899,
‘
>
®
pee § oan
Pies e OF a dete ar. 4% * .
ES Ss ERI RRS te tee ae
PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C., AND 20, HANOVER SQUARE, W.
PALMONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
INSTITUTED MDCCCXLVII.
LON DON:
MONOGRAPH OF THE BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOPODA.
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.
The Monograph of the British Paleozoic Phyllopoda will be found in the Volumes of the
Paleontographical Society for the years 1887, 1892, 1898, and 1899.
Cancel the Title-pages of Parts I, II, III, and IV in the Volumes for the years 1887, 1892,
1898, and 1899, and swbstitute the General Title-page given in the Volume for the year 1899.
Cancel page of Addenda et Corrigenda in Part II, and pages 175 and 176 in Part IIT, and substitute
pages 175 and 176 (reprinted) in Part IV.
ORDER OF BINDING AND DATES OF PUBLICATION.
ISSUED IN VOL.
PAGES LATE D
12 s FOR YEAR PUBLISHED
Directions for Binder = 1899 December, 1899.
General Title-page — ne,
Contents, i = =e
List of Genera and Species, — —
lll, 1V
List of Phyllocarida, v—viii — ane
List of Illustrations, ix — —-
Addenda and Corrigenda, —_ i
X—XV
1—72 I—XII 1887 January, 1888.
73—124 XITI—X VII 1892 | November, 1892.
125—176 XVITI—X XV 1898 December, 1898.
177—211 XOXGV OXON 1899 December, 1899.
A MONOGRAPH
OF THE
BRITISH PALASOZOLG PHYLLOPODA
(PH YLLOCARIDA, Packarp).
PROF. T. RUPERT JONES, F.B.S., F.G.S., &c.,
DR. HENRY WOODWARD, F.R.S., F.G.S8., &c.
LiO N DON:
PRINTED FOR THE PALAZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
1888—1899.
PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C., AND 20, HANOVER SQUARE, W.
CONTENTS:
List OF GENERA AND SPECIES DESCRIBED AND FIGURED IN Parrs I—IV (1888, 1892,
1898, 1599) or THIs MonoGRraPu
List oF THE Patmozoric PoytiocaRipa (Dithyrocaris anD ALLIED ForMs) DESCRIBED
AND FIGURED IN Parts I—IV (1888—1899)
List oF THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS MonoGrapi (1888—1899)
ApprnbDa ET CorrigenDA FoR Parts I—III (1888—1898)
Pages 1—211; Prares I—XXXI.
PAGES
il
Vv
1X
X—XV
ill
LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES DESCRIBED AND FIGURED IN THIS
MONOGRAPH (1888—1899).
IN PART I (1888).
Genus 1.—Ceratiocaris : ‘
1. Ceratiocaris leptodactylus (I‘Coy)
2. = Murchisoni (Agassiz) .
3. — valida, Jonesand Wood-
ward
4. — tyrannus, Salter
5 — gigas, Salter
6. — Halliane, J. and W.
We — Pardoéana, La Touche .
8 — canaliculata, J. and W.
9. —_ Ludensis, H. Woodward
10. — papilio, Salter
LiL a stygia, Salter
12. — longa, J. and W.
13: — robusta, Salter
14, — patula, J. and W.
15. — angusta, J. and W.
16. — minuta, J. and W.
Ife a inornata, MW‘Coy
18. _ Ruthveniana, J.and W.
19. — Oretonensis, H. W.
20. — truncata, H. W.
21. — solenoides, M*Coy
22. — gobiformis, J. and W.
DB}. — Salteriana, J. and W. .
24, — laxa, J. and W.
25. — compta, J. and W.
26. —— cassia, Salter
27. — cassioides, J. and W.
28. — ? longicauda (D. Sharpe)
29. _ decora (Phillips)
30. — ? lata, Salter
31. — ? insperata, Salter
32. — sp. :
33. — perornata, Salter
34. et a 8pp:
PAGE
9
14,
16 |
fo)
pe
0N NM WS b&
for) bo
47
ie
ay Wey (0
Ou Su Ou ox
Cr On
S
>) TS) |
ce ~“I
59
Q co
wo x
63
DD
ee
124
> Oe De
PAGE
Genus 2.—Xiphoearis, Jones and Woodward 65
1. Xiphocaris ensis (Salter) . 65
Genus 3 —Physoearis, Salter : 22 66
1. Physocaris vesica (Salter) 7 66
Genus 4.—Emmelezoe, J. and W. . 68
1. Emmelezoe elliptica (1/‘Coy) ap life)
2. — erassistriata, J.and-W. 70
3. a tenuistriata, J. and W. 70
4. — Maccoyiana, J. and W. fA
IN PART II (1892).
Genus 5.—Hymenoearis, Salter . 73
1. Hymenocaris vermicauda . 74
2 _ ? lata, Salter 79
Genus 6.—Lingulocaris, Salter. By tsi)
1. Linguloearis lingulecomes, Salter . 81
2h — siliquiformis, Jones . 81
3} — Salteriana, J.andW. . 82
4., = Sp. : . 83
Genus 7.—Saccocaris, Salter : - 4
1. Saceocaris major, Salter. . 84
a -— minor, J. and W. . 86
Genus'8.—Caryocaris, Salter. ess
lL. Caryocaris Wrightii, Salter oo
oy — Marrii, Hicks . 92
3: _ Salteri (J/ Coy) 5 GB:
Genus 9.—Aptychopsis, Barrande on
1. Aptychopsis prima, Barrande . LOO
— — var. secunda,
J.and W. . 100
2 — Barrandea, J. and W.. 101
3. _ cordiformis, J. and IV.
(anatina, Salter) . 1038
4. — lata, J. and W. . Los
5. - glabra, H. Woodward 104
Iv LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES.
Genus 9, continued— PAGE
6. Aptychopsis Wilsoni, H. W. 2 105
if — Lapworthi, H.W. . 106
8. — ovata, J. and W. lOs
9. — Salteri, H. W. + 169
10. - subquadrata, J.and W. 110
1: — angulata (Baily) 2)
HS). — oblata, J. and W. 5 JL
Genus 10.—Peltocaris, Salter. 5 Ue
1. Peltocaris aptychoides, Salter . 118
2. — anatina, Salter (Marrii,
J. and W.) . 114
3. — patula, J. and W. 5 ne |
4. — Carruthersil, J. and W. . 116
i5). — ? Harknessi, Salter 5 Waly
Genus 11.— Pinnocaris, R. Etheridge, jun. 117
1. Pinnocaris Lapworthi, R. L., jun. 118
Genus 12.—Discinoearis, H. Woodward . 119
1. Discinoearis Browniana, H. W. , iis)
2. — ovalis, J. and W. 5 i
3. — undulata, J.and W. . 122
4 — gigas, H. W. lo
IN PART III (1898).
Genus 13.—Dithyrocaris, Scouler 129
1. Dithyrocaris glabra, Woodward and
Etheridge . 136
2). —_ ovalis, W. and LE. . 140
3. = granulata, W.and E. 142
4. — testudinea, Scouler . 145
5. — Scouleri, J/‘Coy . 155
6. == funiculata, Jones and
Woodward , BSS
ae |
— insignis, J.and W. . 159
— — var. multiju-
gata, J.and W. 162
8. — Colei, Portlock . 1638
9. Dithyrocaris orbicularis, Portlock .
10. -~ tricornis, Scouler
IN PART IV (1899).
11. Dithyrocaris Belli, H. Woodward
12) — lateralis, JZ‘Coy
13. —- Dunnii, J. and W.
14. — Neilsoni, J. and W.
15. = Sp.
16. = sp.
17. Rhachura (Dithyrocaris 2) a
venosa, Seudder 2
18. Dithyrocaris carbonaria, Meek ay
and Worthen | &
IQ). —- Kochi, Ludwig
20. — breviaculeata,
Ludwig
2k -- Kayseri, J. J.
Clarke
Genus 14.—Chenocaris, J. and W.
1. Chenocaris tenuistriata (JL‘Coy)
2. — Youngii, J. and W.
Genus 15.—Calyptocaris, J. and W.
1. Calyptocaris striata (H. Woodward)
2. — ? Richteriana, J. and W.
Genus 16.—Mesothyra, Hall
1. Mesothyra Neptuni, Hall
2. — oceani, Hall and Clarke
Genus 17.—Ptychocaris, Novak .
1. Ptychocaris Jaschei (Rémer)
Genus 18.—Lebescontia, Jones and Wood-
ward .
1. Lebescontia enigmatica, J. and W.
Ne — occulta, J. and W.
Genus 19.—Hibbertia, Jones and Woodward
1. Hibbertia orbicularis, J. and W.
| Genus 13, continued— PAGE
168
170
17%
184.
186
187
187
188
188
190
191
191
192
178
178
181
182
182
183
192
192
193
193
193
199
199
203
205
LIST OF THE PALAZOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA DESCRIBED IN THIS MONOGRAPH
(Parts I, II, III, ann IV, 1888—1899).
NO.
:
4.
PEPER COCTALIOCATIS .o...1.s00s eee ss cts sceleaeeasees 9
= Ceratiocaris leptodactylus (M‘Coy)... 14
— Murchisoni (Agassiz) . e 16)
— valida, Jones and Woodward) .. 20
— Gyranmnus; Salen ceepeesseee: ea. 22)
— gigas, Salter ... 5 Pas
— Ealilianadnaid Worn ens. nc. 26
=— Pardoéana, La Touche... ........ 80
— canaliculata, J. and W. ......... 81
— Ludensis, H. Woodward......... 32
= papilio, Salter ......... on OSs
— SUV P1A SCL CI ear eahieslademceeecin- 38
-- NOM Gaye) OND. 5. cence te seinen 43)
— robusta, Salter... ... 0.0: . 44
— Patwlaa7G Wi ccenaerncaits AG,
_ angusta, J.and W.......... » 47]
— emai, df, C6! Vs coocooreosooose 47)
— qmornata, DCoy) .siccs. ss. . 48
— Ruthveniana, J. and W.......... 49,
= Oretonensis, H. W. .. 90
— truncata, H.W. ... 5 il
— Solenoides, Uf Coy .......0...000 52
— gobiformis, J. and W............. 54
— Salteriana, J. and W............. 55
— LAX Aspe Mig eee ines sioa nace 56
— compta, J. and W. 57
os CARBIDE GLE CIE Mets deci tuloss acon sels 58)
— cassioides, J. and W. ............ 59)
— longicauda (D. ea stig 080 61,
— decora (Phillips)... . 63
— ADRS WLLOTs rive. sockcacacdadss ethos 63)
— mmeperata, Salter ...c..s0c0.06. a0 64
= sp.. Poros ein meee
— perornata, Waite ee tp Me, 64
== UF .Séccopbean oficos res Mere eaEae ane rarer 124)
== Tf pocadtisopasasuttn Me ceson SeOee CO SREAane 124
GENUS AND SPECIES.
PAGE,
TENSE AT DL @isss):
NU MBER
OF
SPECIMENS
|
Many
_ Many
bo bo
mr COD bo
STAGE AND LOCALITY.
PLATES AND FIGURES.
a
L
Cambrian, Garth
Silurian, Ludlow
e Ludlow
ve Ludlow
ms Ludlow; and Helm
Knot, Dent
Me Ludlow, Knighton,
and Dudley
oe Ludlow
Be Ludlow.
os Ludlow.
3 Ludlow.
Benson Knot)
(Kendal), Lesmahago, -
and Ludlow
Silurian, Ludlow
s Lesmahago, Lud-|X, 10; XI, 3, 9, 12, 15.
low
ie Ludlow MO, Wie
a5 Lesmahago x O.
i Ludlow xe ar JCI I).
ie Kendal and Les-|X, 2 5,
mahago
Kendal xG.B
Carboniferous Lime- } | IX, 4.
stone, Oreton, Wor- + be ih
centersiire
Silurian, Benson
Kendal
ms Benson Knot
M Ludlow and
Dudley
3 Lesmahago
Fa Ludlow
- Ludlow
3 Ludlow
a Portugal
i Mepeonne Lud-
low ?
J Penmorfa
Silurian, Onny River
7 Benson Knot,
HEXS 4, Gi; Xe de
(eo 7s NU, 1S Sous le 2h sand
Ar IN DO. Vino.
IVI, 3?; XI, 2,5.
Vii, 419); X 8'P
MDL vo JING Be We aie NAL ib 2.
Wil, 1@); Wak.
Til, 2,38, 5, 6, 8;
1X, 4.
Ps, DV ee Vecoe
Vee var
We al,
IDs, @, Be
Ne-eleXele
cuts, figs. 1 and 2, p. 12.
Knot,|V III, 4, 5, 7—10.
Vill easel |
Nin, l= 8
PG tera D.C
[WATS ii:
Not figured.
Not figured.
|Not figured.
Kendal
os Moffat, Dumfries-, MVS.
shire
xf Skelgill Beck,
Ambleside
XVIL, 12.
WAU, 10.
IIL, 9; IV,7 VII, 4—6.
Xels 16.
Not figured.
Not figured.
vi
NO.
GENUS AND SPECIES.
LIST OF PHYLLOCARIDA.
OF
SPECIMENS.
| NUMBER |
moe bo
De
3.
4,
Genus 2.—Xiphoearis, Jones and Woodward
1. Xiphocaris ensis (Salter)
\Genus 3.—Physocaris, Salter
| 1. Physocaris vesica (Salter)
Genus 4.—Emmelezoe, J. and W.......
1, Emmelezoe elliptica (If Coy)
erassistriata, J. and W.
tenuistriata, J. and W.
Maccoyiana, J. and W.
IN PART Il (@s92).
Genus 5.—Hymenocaris, Salter
l. Hymenocaris vermicauda
? lata, Salter
Genus 6. —Lingulocaris, Salter
1s Lingulocaris lingulecomes, Salter
siliquiformis, Jones
hnsenos W a0 MV conooopacee
OG e535 480995 Soap Arab ooboowadscoo cnb00E
|Genus 7.—Saccocaris, Salter..
L Saccocaris major, Salter
Genus 8.—
ene 9.
Caryocaris, Salter
Salteri (Al‘Coy) .
Aptychopsis, Barrande ......... ate
1. Aptychopsis prima, Barrande, and var. se-
Cunid arr 1a71d eee -1008
Barrandea, and var.
J. and W. :
cordiformis, J. and W. (anatina,
Salter)
lata, J. and Was eM tooroa dio.
Wilsoni, H. We. eee
Lapworthi, H. W.
ovata, J. and W.
Salteri, H. W..
subquadrata, Af ag Ww.
angulata (Baily)
oblata, J. and W.
STAGE AND LOCALITY. PLATES AND FIGURES.
ee wee tet cee eet eee see eee
Pee cee ree see erm eee
Silurian, Leintwardine, Wf Ha
Ludlow
B Ludlow VII, $; and cut, fig. 3.
= Benson Knot and VIII, 1.
Helm Knot
- Presteign Val:
- Ludlow IVII, 9.
a Leintwardine, (VIII, 2.
Ludlow |
Lingula-flags, | Tremadoe. XIII, 1—14.
&e. |
[remadoe Flags, Cah Cut, fig. 4
So bm 2h
Lingula- fl Vers, (Cerio, Cae, jXCIAY, J, 2
minor, J. and W...
1. Caryocaris Wrightii, Salter
WiarrityeLicis)=eeaeneee: AOR rs 92
Cor ee bo
ieemadee Fiags, Por tmadoc XLV, 33,
and Maentrog |
Lower Silurian, Angers, XIV, 5
France |
Lingula-flags, Maentrog IXIV, 6.
se
bien er Silurian, Arenig. IXIV, 7—9, 10°.
|
y|Skiddaw Slates, Keswick (XoDVi lie
Arenig Series, Huy, Belgium Cuts, figs. 5 and 6, Pp. 91.
Skiddaw Slates ane Arenig XIV, 1618)
Schists
Silurian, Redesdale, Vic- Not figured.
toria |
Cambrian, Soiant, Caernar- X VII, 9—11.
vonshire |
Silurian, Bohemia Cuts, figs. 7 and 10, p. 109.
Dobbs Linn, Moffat, XV, 1 and 14.
Dumfriesshire
55 Ulverston: XV, 2
”
ia Dumfriesshire XV, 6.
Selkirkshire Gh aera ba
Dumfriesshire DCM, LAS ILS}, 1
is Moffat and Skel- XV, 3, 7—10, 22.
gill, Ambleside
Dumfriesshire XV; 4,5; and cut, fig. 9
be Caermarthenshire XVII, 6; and cut, fig. 8.
ss Tipperary NOW, 20).
- Tipperary Weds cay ceo!
¥ Balmangan Bay|XV, 18, 21, 23.
and Moffat |
LIST OF PHYLLOCARIDA. vii
& F |
No. GENUS AND SPECIES. FAGE.| 2 & z STAGE AND LOCALITY. | PLATES AND FIGURES.
= & |
Genus 10.— Peltocaris, Salter ..... 2 : |
1. Peltocaris apty choides, STANCE e Repo meres: 113) 6° |Silurian, Moftat XVI, 1—3. |
2. — anatina, Salter (Marrii,J.andW.) 114. 6 e SkelgillandMoffat XVI, 4—9. |
3. — PGA el A7td! WV cog ons sacsenaateee oe 116 2 as SkelgillandMoftat XVI, 10, 11.
4. — Carruthersil, J. and W. ............L16) 2 = Irelandand Moffat XVII, 7.
i, == IJBlayeteneee NAIOP son cpa enoossddacoaten 117| 1 Fs Dumfriesshire Not figured.
Genus 11.—Pinnocaris, R. Kiheridge, jun. ......... 117]
eeimnocaris Lapworthi, R. L., jun. .........+6 118 Several] - Girvan, Ayrshire Xv, 24.
Genus 12.—Discinocaris, Lil, \WOOTGORE soanna0ae 20° 119) oe
7, Diseinocaris Browniana, A. W. ............... 119 Several > Moffat-and Skel-/XVI, 12—19, 21—23.
gill Beck |
2. oo Oyewis, Oo Gad! Who coecnuncsconecdane LI) ] * Moffat IXVI. 20.
3. = undulata, Ji ad W......00-0-- 122 Lo . 4, Moffat |XVI, 24.
4, — PUP AR HELO W soi doescanecee Re ena Dealt Ss Moffat a Skel-/X VII, 1—5.
vill Bee |
IN PART III (1898). | |
Genus 13.—Dithyrocaris, Scouler ..129 | : — |
1. Dithyroearis glabra, Woodward and Ethe- | 4q\ 36 Vast on (DEVIL, 1025 eke eae
Tid Clee ane ote sl BO| (vena raness, an OCA Malihs-O- Lo)
(| 7 Redesdale ) ; aie
2. — ovalis, W.and E. .............140| 1 |East Kilbride OVALS:
3. _ granulata, W. and £.............142) 6 |Hast Kilbride XVIII, 4—6; XIX, 5, 6; xx)
| 1-3.
( 17 East Kilbride ) XIX,7—9; X XI, 1—6,10; OO
: . =| 4 Carluke 3h 5 oan fn {36 XXIV, 7
@ Ya . i YA, . S 5)
4. —_ testudinea, Scouler...............145] 24 Paeieocs ) XKVII, 3: XXVIIL, 1s?
( 1 Paisley XXIX, 10—14; XXXI, 1— 4.
E = : De zl 1 Tyrone - V, |
oF = Seowlent, Coy) 2.5. c.0cccs022s. 155} 24 iB osbinehehins } LOGIE IS 2:0: (iG) |
6. _— fUMICUAtA, SP. NOV, 2,-2.5... 158 2§ ; Tyrone |. } XXII, 6. |
(G@IMBIgIs; SP 0Ve- 7s. ceesnecee 159° 41 ¢| 1 East Kilbride XXV, 8—5; XXVII,1; XXX,1)
iG - (and var. multijugata, nov....... 162s { 30 Eecup i ee ae Pas!
| 9 Tyrone and Derr 2.O.G 05 5 leg ;
8. — Colei, Por tlock srcteliaeseForslapayejs jeletaletele a Til il 9 Roxburghshire Mf y ; 2, 4; OQ 9; XXVis 5
9. -- orbicularis, Portlock ............ 168 1 |Londonderry — XXIV, 3
(| 3 East Kilbride 7, XOX 4 5 XXIV ip 5, 6
10. — GICOLMIS SCOWLETE essen scenes se 170 5 | 1 Redesdale XXV 9: XXVII 9 i,
| 1 Paisley “tek ao .
IN PART IV (1899). | |
| oe
1L. Dithyrocaris Belli, H. Woodward ............ 77k Gonads (Devonian) : XVIII, 8.
alis, M'C. ga) || EDerby XX, 5,6.
12. — lateralis, M‘Coy | ( 184 DA a Bo nelanne }IXXIIL, 5,
aia 2 Redesdale ie 9 10. ck 102
13. = DMM SPs NOV. 6...:0.00- 186 af Tanabe 5 ae , 10; XXIX, 1, 2.
14. — Neilsoni, sp. nov. # 187, 3 |East Kilbride XXIX, 3.
15. — sp. (? testudinea, Scowler) z 187-$§ 1 |East Kilbride XXI, 10.
16. — sp. (? testudinea, Scowler)\ §} 188 1 (Leet Water,Coldstream Not figured.
IVF i (Rhachura) venosa, B. 2 |Coal-measures, Illinois MIs:
Scudder .......... ....|t2| 188 | certs, Se
18. = carbonaria, Meek and |& | 2 and Coal-measures, Illinois XXIX, 5
WORE ON rca ieincain een 190) more | A,
19. == Kochi, Ludwig .......000+ 191| 1 (Devonian, Nassau XXIX 7,8
20. — breviaculeata, Ludwig .. 191, 1 Devonian, Nassau XAIX, 9
21. — Kayseri, J. I. Clarke ... 192, 1 |Devonian, Wildungen Not figured.
N.B.—Nos. 1 to 10 and 12 to 18 are all of Carboniferous age.
Vili
LIST OF PHYLLOCARIDA.
a 2 |
& a
NO. GENUS AND SPECIES. PAGE.| 3 a 5 STAGE AND LOCALITY. PLATES AND FIGURES,
2 8 |
Genus 14.—Chenocaris, Jones and Woodward...... 178
7 Settle 4
1. Chenocaris tenuistriata (M‘Coy)............... 178 10 4G Tower 1Cork § XX1, 8,9,11; XXIV, 8; XXX,
arboniferous 2 Visé 5.
2. _ Wouncitsepy nove ss. seceaet cece 181; 1 Carboniferous, Robroyston |X XII, 1.
Genus 15.—Calyptocaris, J. and W. ............ «. 182
1. Calyptocaris striata (H. Woodward) ......... 182) 1 Carboniferous, Lanark ONG 7
2. — ? Richteriana,sp. nov. ............ 183} 1 §(Devonian, Saalfeld XOXGTHIN
Genus.16.—Mesothyra, Hall.................0c0ccc000 192 |
1. Mesothyra Neptuni, Hall and Clarke......... 192 Several) Devonian, North Not fi Ff
2. o oceani, Hall and Clarke ......... 193 Several America i Ob MBUTEE:
Genus 17.—Ptychocaris, Novak .............000..... 193
1. Ptychocaris ? Jaschei (Rémer)..................193 1 Hercynian, Hartz XOXGEXG 5 e'G:
Genus 18.—Lebescontia, J. and W...................199
1. Lebescontia enigmatica, ae et eel TMOVWnsoncce 199} 3 Lower Silurian, Brittany |Cuts, figs. 11—13.
2. — occulta, sp. nov. sesseseseeeee 208] 1 |Carboniferous, Scotland Cuts, figs. 14—16B.
Genus 19.—Hibbertia, J. and [rsa ae Cee oe 205
1. Hibbertia orbicularis, gen. et sp. nov.......... 205 1 Lower Carboniferous, XOXGV erst
| Burdiehouse
|
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN THIS MONOGRAPH (1888—1899).
PLATES I—XII (1888); XIII—XVII (1892); XVIII—XXV (1898) ;
XXVI—XXXI (1899).
WOODCUTS IN PART I (1888).
Fias. PAGE
1 and 2. Abdominal segments and caudal spines of Ceratiocaris stygia, Salter, and C. papilio,
Salter . ‘ ; ; : ‘ eer
3. Carapace and abdomen of Physooaris vesica (Salter) ; ‘ : - On
WOODCUTS IN PART II (1892).
4. Hymenocaris lata, Salter; after Salter. : 5 : ~ 80
5 and 6. Caryocaris Wrightii, Salter, from Huy, Bean ; ; i 5 wil
7. Aptychopsis prima, Barrande, from Bohemia : ; ‘ . 100
8, 9, and 10. Aptychopsis Salteri, Woodward, A. ovata, J. and W., and 4. prima, Barrande ;
outlines compared : 5 : ; ‘ 5 - 109
WOODCUTS IN PART III (1898).
Not numbered sections of quarry at Congleton Edge : . 154 and 155
WOODCUTS IN PART IV (1899).
Not numbered section of quarry at Congleton : : oe ahy
11, 124,128, and 13. Lebescontia xnigmatica, J. and W., from Brittany y ‘ w99
14, 15,164, 168. Lebescontia occulta, J. and W., from Scotland . : : . 203
x
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
Part I.
Page 11. After the 16th line from the top add 1885, J. M. Clarke. The Higher Devonian
Fauna of Ontario County, New York, pp. 48, 44.
Pages 16 and 19. PI. 1V, fig. 8, is Ceratiocaris tyrannus (not C. Murchisonz).
Pages 20 and 21. PI. VI, fig. 11, is Ceratiocaris tyrannus (not C. valida).
Page 23. Before the 10th line from the bottom add:—A specimen of C. tyrannus from the
Upper Coldwell beds, near Troutbeck, Westmoreland, is in Professor Tornquist’s collection, Lund.
Page 25. In the last two paragraphs lines 2nd and Sth from the bottom may refer to Ceratio-
caris tyrannus rather than to CO. gigas or C. Murchisont.
Page 37. Add to the foot-note—and ‘Mem. Geol. Sury.,’ Explan. Sheet 23 (1879), pp. 9, &e.
Page 44. The 4th paragraph from the bottom refers to Ceratiocaris patula (not to C. robusta).
Page 45. In the paragraph of lines 10 to 6 from the bottom, for telson read style.
Pages 61 and 72. Plate XI, fig. 16, may belong to the genus Hlymocaris, Beecher, as suggested
at p. 62.
Pages 62 and 72. Ceratiocaris? lata belongs most probably to Hymenocaris.
We have to add that in the Lee Collection, British Museum, there are—
I, 1168. From the Upper Ludlow beds of Logan Water, portions of the tail-pieces of Ceratio-
caris papilio.
J, 1169. From the Lower Ludlow of Leintwardine, near Ludlow, the end of an abdomen,
telson, and cercopods of C. papilio.
I, 1167. From the Lower Ludlow of Church Hill, Leintwardine, the inside exposure of a left-
hand valve of C. Halliana.
I, 1170. From the same locality a nearly perfect specimen of C. Halliana, young.
J, 1168. From the Lower Ludlow beds, Ludlow—C. cassia
x1
Part II.
Page 95, heading, for Canyocarts Satter! read SuTURAL CARAPACES AND OTHERS.
,», 97, line 16 from the bottom, add and vol. vi, pl. elxxxiii, figs. 1, 2.
woo. » 3 Es for Regiones D et E read Regis D E.
» 101 ,, 2 from the top, for Butowitz read Bubowitz.
» 101 ,, 7 from the bottom, after vertical insert (dorsal).
» 103 ,, 13 from the top, for conDIFORMIS, sp. nov., read ANATINA (Salter, 1873).
PeLOom,, 29 5 Sor anatina is probably read Marrii is.
» 103 ,, 7 from the bottom, delete Coll. Marr.
» 107 ,, 13 from the top, for Inverleithen read Innerleithen.
Pini ) imsert Clingani-shales after No. 9.
sp LINO ey as a for Lower read Upper.
eras | 5). ORS 55 for 1860 read 1862.
» 9» 9 2 from the bottom, for Lower read Upper.
ets 5. 9 = msert — — Nicholson, 1879. Paleontology, edit. 2, p. 348,
fig. 208 d.
po: DI is delete and 9.
op JUS gg 1 es for ANATINA, Salter, 1873, read Maruti, sp. nov.
,, 115, heading, for ANATINA read Marrit.
», » line 4 from the top, insert by us after thought.
59 Yoo Mepeiee! ~ for mudstone of the Coniston series read band of the Skelgill shales.
59 JUG 5 KS 6 after from insert the Skelgill beds of.
ng AIL yy 208} ae for A. Z. read the Argenteus-zone of the Middle Skelgill Beds.
Males: 55, 2 s for Coniston mudstone vead the Argenteus-zone of the Middle Skelgill
Beds.
PEGs. ape for A.Z. read the Argenteus-zone of the Middle Skelgill Beds.
» 124 ,, 14 5 for graptolitic shale read mudstone of the “ barren band”’ of the Lower
”
Skelgill Beds.
2 from the bottom, for 8, 9, and 10, read 9, 10, and 11.
Parr IIT.
Page 125, line 5 from bottom, for Robroystone read Robroyston.
ee Cees 0 3 Jor Limestone read Ironstone.
,, 126, ,, 9 from top, after limestone insert , Carluke.
” ”
” ”
” ”
9 ”
lines 17 and 16 from bottom, read strata under the Main Limestone series at Craigenglen,
Campsie.
line 5 from bottom, for D. insignis add also Kilbride as a locality.
127, first line, for Cheenocaris read Calyptocaris.
line 9 from top, after shales add over the Calderwood Cement-limestone, East Kilbride.
a6 7 after Ireland. add The Cock of Arran.
“The Cock of Arran” is a large fragment of fallen rock lying on the “ Raised Beach,” and is
so named because it was at one time supposed to resemble that bird. It gives its name to the local
xl
farm, and is shown on the maps and mentioned in the guide-books. It is referred to in the ‘Trans.
Geol. Soc. of Glasgow,’ vol. x, pp. 293, 296.
The tooth alluded to at p. 197, and shown in P]. XXVI, figs. 83 and 34, was got from one of the
red limestones on the beach. These belong to the Upper Limestone.—J. Nrrzson, in Letters.
Page 127, line 17 from top, for is read was.
» >, lines 18 and 19, read Calderside, Kirktonholme, and Glebe quarries, and elsewhere in the
parish of East Kilbride. Consult ‘Memoirs Geol. Survey Scotland,’ Explana-
tion of Sheet 38, pp. 28—30; and Patton, “‘ Geology of Hast Kilbride,” ‘ ‘Trans.
Geol. Soc. Glasgow,’ vol. vii, p. 809.—J. Nrtzsoy, in Letters.
» » line 19 from top, for two feet read eleven inches.
5 UA op 3 ‘ for Ironstone read Ironstones; and after Rutherglen add Lanarkshire
Coal-field.
,, 132, in the table, bracket 12 and 138 together, and 14 and 15 (not 12—14).
5, 1838, line 17 from top, read Nos. 12 and 13.
Se ee vain lO », Nos. 14 and 15.
be ae was a 45 for is read are.
» x » 8 from bottom, for Ch. read Calyptocaris.
,, 185, last line of the table, for Chenocaris read Calyptocaris. The bracket should not include
INow 277
,, 189, line 2 from top, after fluted add , showing the ventral aspect.
Eee ES: os add Aspect doubtful.
Be EO eG e add The granulation of the dorsal surface extends over the ridge also.
PN SaeG a add Probably ventral aspect.
» 5» 9 from bottom, énsert Additional specimens of Dithyrocaris glabra, Brit. Mus., Nos. 2,
3, 4, 5, 7, all from East Kilbride.
No. 2 in non-calcareous black shale. No. 3, two separate left valves. These have no fringe on
the ventral border, but the edge is turned up asa sharp rim along its front half. In very slightly
calcareous black shale. Nos. 4 and 5 in black shale slightly caleareous. No. 5 is a left valve,
together with the filmy relic of another similar valve, with a narrow fringe and very fine mesolateral (?)
ridge. No.7 aright valve, badly preserved as a light brown film. No. 8 (Pl. XXV, fig. 2) has a
delicate fringe, continued forward into the simple raised ridge. Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., No. 25, is
from “the shore east of Ardross Castle, Elie.’ In the British Museum there is a group of fifteen
loose pieces of black shale with fragments of D. glabra, of which seven are from Ardross and eight
from Castle Ardross.
“There are two places at Ardross where fossils are found. One is a little west of the remains
of the old castle, and the other about a hundred yards east of it. The latter place is where
Dithyrocaris and other crustaceans are met with. ‘Ardross’ and ‘Ardross Castle’ are used
indifferently for either or both spots. Ardross itself is a farmhouse, and nearest to the Dithyrocaris
locality. There is no village called Ardross. Elie is about a mile to the west, and is the nearest
post-town and railway-station.”—J. W. Kirxsy, July 5th, 1898.
Page 144, line 5 from bottom, add At its broken end in front the ridge overrides the edge of the right
valve, and its left side has been pressed at a steep angle to the
other valve.
» 145 ,, 12 from top, add Another D. granulata is Brit. Mus., No. 13, from East Kilbride. It
has a rugose mesolateral ridge.
ee ee oe ell add 10 after 6.
> 14655, ae A add The style is bayonet-shaped, with a midrib more or less recog-
X1ll
nisable on each face. The stylets are sulcate, their riblets or
costule between the furrows varying in number up to six.
Page 147, line 12 from top, insert The style has only a midrib; the stylets have three or four
costule. At the end of the third paragraph add ; and this accords
with the disturbed (probably twisted) state of the abdominal segments
outside the carapace.
6 » jor XXIX read XXXI.
PeeloOs |, 4 - after fig. 4 insert a, b, ¢, d.
7 delete the words between shows and part.
| Se, * delete impress of the.
Ms. oa Ll 98 add For a more correct description of the magnified figure see below.
Pe ees on delete the words between shows and that.
19 add P|]. XXXI, figs. 4a, b, c, d, being magnified figures of this specimen,
allow of a more correct description, thus :
Size-—Stylets possibly about 85 mm. long when perfect.
Characters.—This specimen, magnified two diameters, shows the ventral aspect of a part of the
last abdominal segment and of the trifid appendage. Parts of the dorsal face of each stylet are shown
in intaglio by the loss of the ventral moiety. A part of the head of the left-hand stylet has been
broken away, leaving an impression of its dorsal surface, shown by fig. 46. This figure (magnified
ten diameters) also shows the subsidiary oblique striz on the riblets of both faces, which are four on
the ventral and six on the dorsal face.
The minute lateral striz trend upwards, 7. e. backwards, on both faces, but are more delicate and
numerous on the riblets of the dorsal face. Marginal pittings, which were the bases of hairs, sete,
or spinules, are magnified in fig. 4c, from the right-hand stylet.
The ornament of chevron-like lines, with short, oblique, intermediate cross-lines is seen on a mag-
nified (30 diameters) part of the ultimate segments in fig. 4 d.
The style is straight, coarsely fluted above and bayonet-shaped below; the stylets are slightly
curved ; coarsely striate’ on the dorsal, and sulcate on the ventral face.
Page 151, line 22 from top, for fig. 1 read fig. la.
2 from bottom, add It retains part of the ventral fringe. There is the mark of a gastric
tooth in its place; and there are two separate teeth, obscured
” 9 99
with a shaly coating, in the slab.
» 5, last line, for Black caleareous shale read From the Cement-stone.
152, line 22 from top, add In hard dark-coloured calcareous shale.
153, tirst line, after 10 a,b, add c; for 11 read 11a, b; for 124, b, read 12 a—d.
line 11 from top, read which we were at first inclined to refer.
between lines 8 and 9 from bottom, insert Dithyrocaris testudineaa—Mus. Geol. Sury.
Scotland, No. 1, F. 22, and No. 8, F. #2, counterparts, not
figured. In hard, dark grey, non-calcareous shale, with
the tooth-mark strong, and a trifid obscure. One piece
marked Ardross, and the other Ardross Castle, Fife,
Lower Limestone Group.
also insert D. testudinea, B. M., No. 16, not figured, is an imper-
fect left valve, showing both the fringed ventral margin
and the dorsal crest (slightly separate), very much like
J EA DO. QOL LS saves al
9) ”
9 39
X1V
Page 154.—Woodecut. Later observations made at this quarry, which has been extended, give
the following section :
The sectron in the quarry at Congleton Edge, how Deas and Ceratiocaris were found in the strata
marked A*,
At the top. Grey-yellow clay, with blocks of grit: 0 to 5 feet.
Decomposed limestone, crowded with crushed shells of Orthis resupinata: 5 ft. 2 in.
Grit: 1 foot.
Grey shales: 3 feet.
A Shale with half-inch bullions: 9 inches.
Very sandy shales: 2 to 4 inches.
Shale with slightly calcareous bullions ; marine fossils: 5 ft. 7 in.
Rather darker shale, with two lines of bullions: 3 feet.!
Caleareous shales with Gonzatites: 8 inches.
Rather darker coarsely laminated shales, with Glyphioceras spirale, Posidoniella levis,
B. and plant remains: 1 foot.
Shale with calcareous buJlions and marine fossils: 4 feet.
Coal: + inch.
C Gannister grit with plant remains: 5 ft. 8 in.
Flaggy grit with thin black shale partings: 2 feet.
Shale: 3 to 4 inches.
Grit (Gannister): 1 ft. 6 in. to 2 feet.
Shale and thin grits: 1 ft. to 1 ft. 6 in.
Grit (Gannister) : 5 ft. 6 in.
Shale much squeezed: 2 feet.
Grit: 1 foot.
Coal: 4 inch.
Grit (Gannister) with plant remains: 11 feet.
Shale with many plants: 3 inches.
Grit: 1 foot.
Shale: 4 ft. 6 in.
Grit (Gannister): 3 ft. 6 in.
1 This is the horizon at which Dithyrocaris testudinea and Ceratiocaris Orelonensis were found.
XV
Page 154, lines 15, 20, and 26 from bottom, for Glyphoceras read Glyphioceras.
line 16 from bottom, for Ortonensis read Oretonensis.
9
bP)
155
173
18 As delete 10 (?).
16 from top, add 6—7 costule.
20 from top, add page 149.
10 » for species, From read species from.
12 i add A fragment of a valve of D. funiculata, with a trace of its marginal
cord, and a long rugose mesolateral ridge, is in the British Museum
(1. 280, No. 26). It is in a thin black, micaceous, calcareous shale,
consisting mainly of compressed little Ostracods, such as the
shales referred to at page 164, and like some of the “ oil-shales”’ of
Scotland. From Tyrone; marked “Tyrone, Sheet 58, No. 5.”
14 4 Sor 3 read 4.
21 . delete Nos. 39 a and 444.
2 from bottom, after mesolateral insert (see fig. 3 0).
7 from top, after 39 B add P|. XXX, figs. 4a, b.
8 * for 43 read 48.
S) % after veutral add with some remains of the left valve.
13 : after ridges read and from those of the ventral margin (fig. 40).
3 » jor3b read 3c.
10 from bottom, after and 9 add Museum of the Yorkshire College, Leeds, Nos. 43
and 40.
6 from top, after oblique insert to the dorsal ridge at an angle of 85°.
25 , for parallel to each other read divergent from each other.
24 “s read their relative position (though crushed, and obscure in the figure)
and the ornamental lines on the ultimate segment indicate the dorsal
aspect.
add In the three-spined caudal appendage the dorsal aspect is shown; for
the head of the style overlaps the heads of the stylets (more clearly
in the photograph than in the lithograph). The style is of a bayonet
shape with a median ridge. The stylets are sulcate, with four
costule, and have obscure indications of the bases of marginal hairs
”?
or sete.
In Explanation of Plate X XJ, line 21 from top, for Scouleri (?), M‘Coy, read testudinea, Scouler.
99
XXII, line 7 from top, for Cheenocaris read Calyptocaris.
”
DITHYROCARIS TRICORNIS. 175
retaining the carapace whole, having its dorsal and two mesolateral ridges, and
other characteristic features, including a reticulate and subaculeate ornament of
the surface.
Compare Pl. XXII, figs. 5d, e (for the ornament); Pl. XXIV, figs. 5 a,b (for
shape and outline).
This well-preserved specimen clearly exhibits the clypeiform test, with its
dorsal convexity (fig. 4b) when looked at sideways, and its suboblong and
angulate shape when viewed from front or behind (figs. 4c,d). Its dorsal ridge
and ornament are magnified in fig. 4 e.
From Kirktonholme, East Kilbride.
Pl. XXV, figs. 9a—c. Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotland, F. =, No. 20.
This is a large separate dorsal ridge, possibly belonging to D. tricornis or
D. Colei, or even to a different species.
Size-—Length probably about 60 mm. when perfect; width in the middle
5 mm.
Characters.—A long, narrow, fusiform, rugose ridge, with a flat narrow flange
along each side. Thus it matches such a dorsal ridge as belongs to D. tricornis
(Pl, XXIV, figs. 1 and 6) or D. Cole: (Pl. XXIV, fig. 2). The latter seems to
have had a rather longer carapace and ridge than the former, but its ridge is not
so thick.
The rugosity of fig. 9, Pl. XXV, has a slight difference of structure from that
of the other rugose ridges (Pl. XX, figs. 2b, 3g), due to the divisions of the
chevrons being more exactly alternate in their distances and in their extent over
the ridge, so that there appears to be almost a double row of rounded ruge
along this ridge. This, however, may have been the character of an individual,
not of a species (see D. granulata, Pl. XX, figs. 2b and 3 9).
In brownish calcareous shale. From the Calciferous Sandstone group at
Larriston Burn, near New Castleton, Roxburghshire.
If this dorsal ridge belonged to either D. tricornis or D. Colei, both species are
also represented in the Roxburghshire beds.
Pl. XXV, figs. 10 a—e. Maus. Geol. Surv. Scotland, F. +, No. 20.
The surface of the piece of hard shale in which the foregoing dorsal ridge is
embedded is covered with scattered carapaces of small Ostracoda, mainly if not
entirely belonging to Kirkbya plicata (figs. 10 a, side view; 10), edge view; and
10 c, end view.
My friend Mr. J. W. Kirkby tells me that from this locality (Larriston Quarry)
the Geological Surveyors of Scotland have obtained several good sets of Ostracoda,
which he has determined as Leperditia Oheni (and varieties), Kirkbya costata, K.
176 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
plicata, Kirkbya, sp., Argillecia xqualis, and Cytherella, sp. Also that K. plicata
and other species occur at other localities near New Castleton.
Mr. Dunn has favoured us with the following note on the succession of strata
comprised in the *‘ Redesdale Limestone and Shale.’” The late Mr. George Tate,
of Alnwick, divided the Carboniferous rocks of Northumberland into the—
1. Coal-measures : : . about 2000 feet.
2. Mountain-limestone Calcareous ; oe 900 _,,
Carbonaceous : Bee GIL7OX0) os
3. Tuedian at OOOnR
The ‘* Redesdale beds” belong to the base of the ‘‘ Calcareous”’ division, and
they are as follow:
1. Shale, containing “Leaf” ironstone nodules. Often replaced by red
Boulder-clay, 10 feet.
2. Redesdale Limestone, 14 feet.
3. Clayey Sandstone, containing Stigmaria with rootlets, 16 inches.
4, Yellow, fine-grained Sandstone, calcareous in many places, 9 feet.
5. Ironstone Shale, 30 feet. Near the top is an ironstone band, about 4 inches
thick, and full of organic remains. Fossiliferous ironstone nodules, sometimes in
beds, are scattered throughout this shale.
6. Sandstone, 60 feet. A coal-seam,’ 14 inches thick, occurs in this sand-
stone.
From the Shales and Ironstones of Redesdale Mr. J. Dunn has collected
Dithyrocaris glabra, D. tricorms (Pl. XXII, fig. 5), D. Dunnii (tail-pieces,
Pl. XXIII, figs. 9 and 10), several gastric teeth of Dithyrocaris (Pl. XXVI,
figs. 21—26, 35, 36), Trilobites (Phillipsia, &c.), and some Fish remains, besides
other fossils, obscure and fragmentary.
' See also G. A. Lebour’s ‘ Outlines of the Geology of Northumberland, 1878, pp. 38, &e.
DITHYROCARIS BELLI. uray
PARE TY:
11. Drrayrocaris Brett, H. Woodward, 1871. Plate XVIII, figs. 8 a, b, c.
Dirnyrocaris striarus, H. Woodward, 1871. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1870,
Sections, p. 90.
— Beuxi, H. Woodward, 1871. Geol. Mag., vol. viii, p. 106, pl. jil,
fig. 5.
ar = ae 1872. Canadian Naturalist, vol. vi, pp. 18,
19.
— — 9. A. Miller, 1877. Americ. Palwoz. Foss., p. 217.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaur. Dev.-Carb., p. 27.
= — Packard, 1883. Monogr. North-American Phyll. Crust.,
p. 452.
= — Etheridge, Woodward, and Jones, 1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc.
for 1886, p. 65.
_ — Hail and Clarke, 1888. Geol. Surv. New York, Palzon-
tology, vol. vii, p. 194.
Mersoruyra Beir, 8. A. Miller, 1889. N.-American Geol. Paleont., pp. 545
and 556.
Diruyrocaris Beni, A. W. Vogdes, 1893. Bibliogr. Paleoz. Crust., p. 382.
Size.—Length (imperfect) 33 mm.; breadth of the two valves, shifted one on
the other partially, 25 mm.; breadth of single valve probably 13 mm.
Specific Characters.—Two valves, both imperfect anteriorly. The right valve
shifted forwards and partially overlapping the other at the dorsal edge; its hinder
border obscure. The left valve has its posterior spine and postero-ventral region
fairly exposed, with its serrated margin (fig. 8p).
Hach valve bears a slightly curved mesolateral ridge, marked with chevrons
pointing backwards (downwards in figs. 8 a,b). The two mesolaterals are brought
close together in front by the oblique shifting of the valves one on the other.
The surface of the valves is ornamented with numerous delicate riblets, parallel
with the mesolateral ridge and the ventral margin; some die out without reaching
the posterior region. The interstices between the riblets are filled with a trans-
verse and oblique irregular reticulation (fig. 8c). An outer or second lateral
ridge near the ventral margin is just visible, but rather more distinctly on the
right than on the left valve.
No eye-spot is present, but a slight unevenness of the surface between the
incurved ridges near the posterior end seems to have been taken for it in the
24
178 BRITISH PALHOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
reversed figure given in the ‘Geol. Mag.,’ 1871, pl. iii, fig. 5. In the ‘ Fifth
Report on Palzoz. Phyllopoda,’ 1887, p. 65, it was suggested that it is possible
that the figure represents two opposite valves reversed and one overlapping the
other on their inner margins.
This unique specimen (British Museum, No. 25) is in grey, finely laminated
sandstone (not calcareous); from the Middle Devonian, Gaspé, Province of
Quebec, Canada.
CH@®NooaRIS,' gen. nov.
This differs from Dithyrocaris in not having a dorsal overriding ridge, and in
its valves folding down at the sides; gaping, however, and not quite closed along
the ventral region, so far as known at present.
1. CH#nocaRis TENUISTRIATA (M‘Coy, 1844). Plate XXI, figs. 8, 9, ll a—f;
Plate XXIV, fig. 8; Plate XXXI, fig. 5.
DITHYROCARIS TENUISTRIATUS, R. Griffith, 1842. Notice respecting the Fossils of the
Mountain-Limestone of Ireland,® p. 22 (Table).
Nomen nudum ex Maccoyii manuscripto.
? AVICULA PARADOXIDES, De Koninck, 1842. Descript. Anim. Foss. Terrain Car-
bonif. Belgique, p. 139, pl. vi, fig. 6.
DITHYROCARIS TENUISTRIATUS, MW‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Char. Foss. Carb. Limest.
Ireland, p. 164, pl. xxiii, fig. 3; and 1862, edit.
2, p. 234.
AVICULA PARADOXIDES, Bronn, 1848. Index Paleont., vol. i, p. 140.
DiTHYROCARIS TENUISTRIATUS, Morris. Catal. Brit. Foss., edit. 2, p. 107.
= — Salter and Woodward, 1865. Chart Foss. Crust.,
p- Li, fgodise
— = R. Griffith, 1866. Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin, vol.
ix, pp. 68 and 100.
— — H. Woodward, 1871. Geol. Mag., vol. viii, p. 106,
pl. ili, fig. 4, and p. 521; and Report Brit.
Assoe. for 1871 (1872), p. 58.
e. — — J. Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,
vol. iii, Appendix, p. 80.
? -— -— J. R. S. Hunter, 1875. Paleont. Carbonif. Strata*
W. Scotland, part 1, p. 39.
1 Xaivw, I gape; and xapis, a shrimp.
2 Or 1842 according to Griffith.
3 M‘Coy is referred to at p. 8 as having named this and other new species.
* The specimen here referred to is said to have come from the ‘“‘Gannister Limestone and
Shales, Upper Limestone series, Carluke.”
CHANOCARIS TENUISTRIATA. 179
Dirnyrocaris Tenvuistriatus, H. Woodward, 1877. Catal. Brit. Foss. Crust., p. 73.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaur. Dev.-Carb., p. 249.
— — Packard, 1883. North-Amer. Phyll., p. 452.
— — E., W., and J., 1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1886,
p. 64.
_ — Etheridge, 1888. Foss. Brit., vol.i, Palseoz., p. 238.
The reference of this species to de Koninck’s Avicula (?) paradoaides, as
probably the same, was suggested in the ‘Geol. Mag.,’ 1871, p. 106; but since
de Koninck’s determination of his fossil is avowedly doubtful and provisional, and
as we have not the original before us, and the figures are unsatisfactory, we can-
not take it as the published “type.’’ An important remark by Prof. L. G. de
Koninck about his fossil is thus given in the ‘ Description des Animaux fossiles
qui se trouvent dans le Terrain Carbonifére de Belgique,’ par L. de Koninck,
Texte, 4to, Liége, Paris, and Bonn, 1842-4, p. 1389. ‘15. Avicula paradoxides,
pl. vi, figs. 6 a, b, c. Nous sommes loin d’étre certain si cette espéce appartient
réellement au genre auquel nous la rapportons,’ and in which he placed it not
knowing any other genus to which its form has any analogy. From the Upper
Carboniferous Limestone of Visé, very rare.
Sir Richard Griffith used the name D. tenuwistriatus in 1842, from M‘Coy’s
information. Sir Frederick M‘Coy’s description of the species, at p. 164 of his
‘Synopsis Char. Carb. Fossils of Ireland,’ is as follows :
“Valves elongate, ovate, rounded anteally, obtusely pointed retrally, convex; mesial ridge
large, running nearly the entire length of the valve; two smaller ridges close to and parallel with the
inner margin; about one fifth of the length from the anterior end, and situate between the mesial
and internal ridges, there is a short sigmoidal ridge, and a fifth one at the anterior end defines, for a
short way, the line which separates the flat external margin from the convex part of the valve;
surface finely and regularly striated longitudinally.
“This species differs from all others of the genus in the want of the retral spine to the valve ; it
is also much more convex than any of its congeners; fragments may be discriminated by the regu-
larity and fineness of the striz. Length of the valve one inch, width five lines.”
The upper one of the two figures given as “fig. 3,” in M‘Coy’s pl. xxiii, is
here repeated in Pl. XXIV, fig. 8. The locality for this specimen is stated by
Sir Richard Griffith (‘ Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin,’ vol. ix, p. 68) to be Little
Island, Cork; and at p. 100 it is referred to the Lower Carboniferous Limestone.
Pl. XXI, fig. 8. Brit. Mus., No. 32938, No. 23.
Size.-—Length of valve 40 mm.; breadth of valve 14 mm.
Characters.—This is a left valve, oblong, convex along the middle; obliquely
rounded in front; partly rounded behind, but showing a postero-ventral spine
(damaged), and a notch (broken, and obscured by matrix). Surface apparently
180 BRITISH PALMOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
smooth, having probably lost the thin external ornamented coat. Ventral margin
depressed and apparently simple (but other specimens show that it turned in at
the edge). Dorsal margin quite simple and straight as far as it is preserved.
Along the middle of the valve is a raised ridge (mesolateral) without visible ruge.
At its front end it curves gently towards the antero-dorsal corner of the valve,
and almost touches the middle of the somewhat sigmoidal cephalic ridge. Near
and parallel to the middle part of the dorsal margin is a thin ridge (juxta-
dorsal), disappearing forward among some feeble elevations accompanying a
faint nuchal ridge. In grey Carboniferous Limestone from Visé, Belgium.
Variety (?).—Mounted with the foregoing there is a smaller specimen of a left
valve of the same species, also from Visé (in cream-coloured limestone, with a
small Gasteropod and other little fossils). This presents the same features as fig.
8, but differs in size and proportions; its ventral edge is more broadly depressed,
and its median convexity is proportionally greater.
Size.—Length 13 mm.; breadth 7 mm.
Pl. XX], fig. 9. Brit. Mus., No. 44987, No. 24.
Size.—Length of valve, imperfect, about 380 mm.; breadth of valve about 12
mm.
Characters.—A left valve, similar in general features to fig. 8, but not so
obliquely rounded in front; imperfect behind. The little cephalic ridge ends
behind in a small smooth knob. The surface is ornamented with numerous,
delicate, closely-set striz, curving round the front part of the valve, parallel with
its border, and passing along the ventral region. The thin ridge near the dorsal
border dies away forwards among numerous, small, sinuous striz, irregularly
parallel, and passing away backwards into the longitudinal striz of the dorsal
region, which are not very distinct in this specimen.
A part of a smaller valve is attached to this little piece of limestone.
This specimen (fig. 9) has been described and figured in the ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ vol.
vii, 1871, p. 106, pl. iii, fig. 4. It is from the Carboniferous Limestone of Settle,
West Yorkshire. Collected by the late Mr. J. H. Burrow.
Pl. XXI, figs. 11 a—f. Mus. Univ. Cambridge.
Size.—Length of valve, imperfect, 35 mm., probably 39 mm. when perfect;
breadth of valve 15 mm.
Characters.—This is a right valve, presenting the characteristic features of
fig. 8, but slightly broader, and with more distinct ornament of the surface.
Near the ventral margin the striz are simple, though divergent (fig. 11 d); along
the mesolateral ridge they run up on both sides and coincide with the angular
lines of obscure chevrons (fig. 1l e; better seen in another specimen, not figured),
CHAINOCARIS YOUNGII. 18]
which essentially constitute angular rugee pointing backwards, as in Dithyrocaris.
At places on the surface one set of striz cross another set, making a definite
reticulation (fig. 11 ¢) near the mesolateral ridge; see also fig. 8a, Pl. XVIII;
elsewhere, in the front part of the valve, one set retain and the other lose their
continuity (fig. 11 f). In this latter case the striz form continuous parallel lines,
with interspaces partially and irregularly traversed by short oblique lines (fig.
11 f). Compare Pl. XVIII, figs. 8b and 8c; also compare F. A. Rémer’s
D. (?) Jaschei, 1855 (Pl. XXIX, fig. 15 ¢).
The specimen under notice exhibits the inturned edge of the ventral margin
very clearly, as shown in figs. 116 and 11 ¢; it has a strong rim along the angle
of its bend, and another (slighter) along its lower or inner edge.
From the Carboniferous Limestone of Settle, Yorkshire. J. H. Burrow Coll.
Pl. XXXI, fig. 5. Mus. Univ. Cambridge.
A small and imperfect left valve, here enlarged 3} diameters, to show its
ornament of delicate, regular, parallel, longitudinal striz, reaching up to the
anterior region, and curving inwards to the middle ridge, and parallel to the
edge of the valve in the postero-ventral region.
From Settle (Burrow Coll.).
2. Caznocanis Youneit, sp. nov. Plate XXII, figs. 1 a—e. Dr. John Young’s
Coll. (Robroyston).
Size—Length 6 mm.; width 3 mm.; thickness of carapace, with the valves
partially closed (figs. 1 ¢ and d), 2°4 mm.
In its general aspect this little specimen closely resembles Ch. tenwistriata, PI.
XXI, figs. 8,9, and 11. ‘The relative position of the two moieties of the carapace
(Pl. XXII, fig. 1) may indicate the natural stable condition in the hfe of the
animal, or may be due to the imperfect closing of the valves of this species, filled
in with the matrix of black shale. In its small size this specimen differs
from those described in the preceding pages: its cephalic ridge is not so
sigmoidal, and, owing to a curved sulcus behind it, seems to be raised on
a cushion-like elevation; its surface is not at all striate, but punctulate,
especially near the mesolateral ridge, which is a prominent feature in this, as in
the other specimens. This ridge has minute lateral notches, formed by the inter-
spaces of the pitting being exaggerated into little buttresses of the ridge (fig. 1 e) ;
and these are very analogous to the junctions of the oblique striz with the ridge
in Pl. XXI, fig. 11 e, and not quite so closely to those in Pl. XXII, fig. 4.
Owing to the distinctive features described above, we regard this as a new
182 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
species, named after Dr. John Young, F.G.S., Under-keeper of the Hunterian
Museum, University, Glasgow, who possesses the specimen.
From Lower Carboniferous series. In the Upper Limestone group, at Robroy-
ston,! Lanarkshire; with black, non-caleareous shale, about 300 fathoms below
the Ell Coal.
At Robroyston, about three miles north-east of Glasgow; the strata are under
the Upper Limestone, in the Possil Ironstone series.
CaLyProcaRris,” gen. nov.
This phyllopod differs from Dithyrocaris in having had a bivalved shell capable
of being closed. Its costulate ornament approximates to that of D. Belli.
1. Catyrrocarts srriata (H. Woodward), 1871. Plate XVIII, fig. 7.
Diruyrocanris striatus, H. Woodward, 1871. Report Brit. Assoc. for 1870,
Sections, p. 91.
P — striata, Woodward and Etheridge, 1873. Memoir Geol. Surv.
Scotland, Explan. Sheet 23, Appendix, pp. 49, 57,
100; Geol. Mag., 1874, p. 109, pl. v, fig. 6; Report
Brit. Assoc. for 1873, Sections, p. 92.
= — Armstrong and others, 1876. Catal. W.-Scotl. Fossils,
» ZY).
- — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaur. Dev.-Carb., p. 249.
= — E., W.,and J.,1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1886, p. 65.
— — W. W.and J.,1899. Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. vi, p. 28.
— — — 1899. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1898, p. 520.
CALYPTOCARIS STRIATA, — 1899. Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. vi, p. 29.
— — = 1899. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1898, p. 521.
Size.—Lenegth of valve probably 30 mm.; breadth of valve is 15 mm.
Specific Characters.—This imperfect bivalved test has been filled with matrix,
and the hinder moiety has been broken away, ‘The remaining front part repre-
sents the exterior of the left valve; the hinder moiety shows the inside of the
right valve as far as it reaches; the posterior border of both valves is absent.
The front end of the left valve is obliquely truncate, with rounded corners ; and
it formed apparently one side of an open angle between the antero-dorsal regions
of the two valves when they were perfect and open. ‘The surface bears eight or
nine longitudinal riblets; those on the ventral region are parallel to the curved
A description of this locality is given at p. 88 of the ‘Catalogue Western-Scottish Fossils,’
1876. D. tenuistriata, at pp. 45 and 89, probably refers to this fossil specimen.
2 hadvzro, I close or hide; and xapis, a shrimp.
CALYPTOCARIS RICHTERIANA. 183
margin; those on the middle and dorsal regions are straight. No gastric nor
optic ridges are visible.
The transverse fracture shows the thinness of the compressed fossil (scarcely one
millimetre).
The former reference of this little fossil to Dithyrocaris is probably incorrect,
as intimated in the ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ 1874, p. 109, although its longitudinal riblets
are not without analogies in D. Belli (Pl. XVIII, fig. 8, and ‘Geol. Mag.,’ 1871,
p. 106, pl. i, fig. 5). Nor does it fall in with the Ceratiocaride, although it has
some likeness to Veratiocaris Salteriana, J. & W., ‘ Monograph,’ 1888, p. 59,
Pl. VII, figs. 1, 2,3. The ornament of several parallel, slightly curved ridges
along the lateral moieties of the test are seen in Packard’s figure of Lepiduwrus
Collen, ‘ North American Phyll.,’ pl. xv, fig. 2.
Tropidocaris and Rhinocaris’ (other Phyllocarids related to Ceratiocaris) have
carapace-valves bearing longitudinal riblets, but much coarser than those of
either C. striata or D. Belli, and the valves themselves differ in shape considerably
from those of the two latter forms. Compare also Ptychocaris, Novak, ‘ Sitz.
Bohm. Ges. Wissensch.,’ 1885, p. 345, pl. o, figs. 4—8, with its numerous strize
and pitted interspaces.
This unique specimen (Mus. Geol. Surv. Scot. m 576, F $§, No. 15) was
collected from a “ greenish-grey ”’ (now reddish), flaggy, calcareous shale of the
Lower Red Sandstone, of the Calciferous Sandstone series at the Carmichael
Burn, near the Manse, four and a half miles south-east of Lanark.
We have to notice that a granular band, 1 mm. wide, is associated with the
border of the valves, looking as if some soft material had been squeezed out from
between the valves, and had helped to form a concretionary border there. It is
included in the left-hand margin in the figure of the carapace.
2. Catyprocaris? RicHTERIANA, sp. nov. Plate XXII, fig. 2.
Size-—Leneth 6 mm.; width 3°2 mm. Imperfect.
Characters.—This figure is copied from a sketch made by our friend Mr.
J. W. Kirkby, who recognised it (in 1864) in some hard red shale of the so-
called ‘‘ Cypridinen-Schiefer ”” (Entomis-shales), sent by the late Dr. R. Richter
from Saalfeld, Sachsen-Meiningen.
The surface is coarsely striate, and has three longitudinal riblets; unfortu-
nately the outline is imperfect, and there are no characteristic cephalic eminences.
It may indeed have some relationship with Chenocaris as well as with Calyptocaris.
It is here introduced as indicative of the wide range of the costulate forms.
1 Hall and Clarke, ‘ Paleont. New York,’ vol. vii (1888), pp. 184, 195, pls. xxx and xxxi.
184 BRITISH PALASOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
Though not a perfect valve, yet it has distinct characters of its own, sufficient
to induce us to give it a name, so that it may be noted and catalogued by our
friends in Germany. It is named after the above-named worthy geologist, who for
many years worked at the history of the Entomostracous Crustacea and other
fossils of the Devonian and Permian strata.
Caudal Extremities of Dithyrocaris, §¢., some of them Foreign.
Several have been already described as belonging to known species in the
preceding pages, as indicated by the following Table.
(For the proportional characters of style and stylets see the Table at p. 134.)
PLATE FIG. SPECIES. PAGE PLATE FIG. SPECIES. PAGE
XIX. : : 4 nes wt 38 XOXCIEXG 3b
3 td ae 8 \ D. Neilsoni ... ao Sm
— 4. — a sae 188) | — Bia
XOXeI, 4, D. testudinea ... ... 149 = 4 Rh. venosa oe Boo teks!
a 5 = 50 | = 5
4 ahs sal | : \ D. carbonaria ... 190
— 10 = we cee) clita _- 6
eS ae | a | Doh‘ .. ee
— 3 D. Colei oe Peeloo — 8
ee fa — 9 D. breviaculeata one OM
— 5 D. lateralis... ee Sor — 10
-— 6 = 7 son JUS — iu
— Of D. testudinea ... alts (0) | —- 12 D. testudinea ... nels
— 8 — ie: ee il = 13 |
—- 9 a 14
10 \ DS Dunni. sae atc W863 LS
= a t. ? Jaschei ... ws SS
= lt WDiglabra” .. AO = a gee ec
SOV: iL XOOMME 4 D. testudinea ... lO)
G D.tricvrnis ... she eae, 6
= | a B , ] is nets niete 162
— 7 D. testudinea ... Sees Ga = 7 \ De
XEXGV:. 6 D. Scouleri ... eella6 Sp. D.? ee we SS
XXIX. 1) fe D. Kayseri... on,
= ree M. Neptuni ... ... 192
= 3a D. Neilsoni .... a SY: M. oceani ye a talSs
12. Dirayrocaris LATERALIS, M‘Coy, 1851. Plate XXIII, figs. 5 and 6.
Specific Characters. —'This is a well-marked three-spined tail-piece; first
described by M‘Coy, in 1851, as a specimen from Derbyshire, and now also recog-
nised from Roxburghshire. Its relationship to the known species of Dithyrocaris
is not clear; but it may have belonged to a large form of D. testudinea (compare
Pl. XXI, fig. 5), or a small form of D. tricornis (see Pl. XXIV, fig. 6).
DITHYROCARIS LATERALIS. 185
Pl. XXIII, fig. 6. Mus. Univ. Cambridge.
Diruyrocaris LATERALIS, M‘Coy, 1851. Brit. Pal. Foss. Cambridge Mus.,
fase. 1, p. 182, pl. 81, fig. 36.
= — Morris, 1854. Catal. Brit. Foss., edit. 2, p. 107.
— os E., W., and J., 1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1886,
p. 64,
= = Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., vol. i, Paleoz., p. 238.
Size and Characters.—A trifid caudal appendage, showing the dorsal aspect ;
both the telson (style) and the cercopods (stylets) are imperfect at their proximal
ends; but they measure, approximately—the style, 25 mm.; the stylets, 36 mm.
in length. The former is bayonet-shaped, with a mid-rib; the latter, coarsely
striate or sulcate, with four costule, are longer than the style. This trifid may
possibly belong to Dithyrocaris testudinea or a closely allied form. The figure
referred to above as given in the ‘ Brit. Pal. Foss. Cambridge’ is partly a restora-
tion, not quite matching the specimen in the University Museum.
“From the black beds over the Main Limestone of Derbyshire.” W. Hopkins
Coll.
The following remarks on this specimen (fig. 6) are given in M‘Coy’s ‘ Pal.
Foss. Cambridge Mus.,’ fase. 1, 1851, p. 182:
“T have examined four species [of Dzthyrocaris| from the Carboniferous rocks of Ireland, but
the only British example I have seen is a specimen in the collection [Cambridge] from the black
Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, indistinctly preserved, but most probably the tripartite tail
of a new species, allied to D. Oolei (Portl.), ‘Geol. Rep.,’ pl. xii, and to the D. Scouleri (M‘Coy)
figured in my ‘Synopsis of the Carb. Foss. of Ireland,’ pl. xxiii, fig. 2, from the black shales of
Aughnaclough, Clogher.
“In this species the central angularly ridged spine is about ten lines long ; the two lateral
spines about one inch five lines long, coarsely suleated longitudinally with only three or four strong
ridges; this great excess of the lateral over the medial spine seems to characterise the species very
well, and I would provisionally eall it Dithyrocaris lateralis (M‘Coy) ; when imperfect, the coarseness
of the few large sulci of the lateral spines easily distinguishes those parts from the two figured species
alluded to.”’
Pl. XXIII, fig. 5. Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., m A260. Nom Zoe teenie
m 4268’ (counterparts).
Size and Characters.—This trifid tail-piece closely corresponds with M‘Coy’s
D. lateralis ; but shows the ventral aspect. The style is bayonet-shaped, measuring
31 mm. in length; the stylets are 42 mm. long, striate; all have adventitious
granulations. ‘heir proximal ends are more perfect than in the Cambridge speci-
men of D. lateralis.
From Tweeden Burn, 250 yards above its mouth, near New Castleton, Rox-
burghshire.
25
186 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
This specimen is embedded in a hard black shale of the Cement-stone,
micaceous and calcareous, containing obscure small Ostracods. It is associated
with three other pieces of the same shale, including its counterpart; m 4269?
shows another, but imperfect trifid; m 4270’ contains the fragment of a small
dorsal rugose ridge. This is 15 mm. long, and represents probably two-thirds of
the original, and is evidently the relic of some small or immature carapace, only
about 20 mm. in length.
13. Dirayrocaris Dounnu, sp. nov., J. and W. Plate XXIII, figs. 9 and 10;
Pl. XXIX, figs. 1 and 2.
Pl. XXIII, figs. 9 and 10. Dunn Coll., 22 and 22. (Redesdale.)
Style 10 mm. long; 6 mm. broad at top (head or caudal
Size.—Fig. 9 78 plate). Ventral ? aspect.
Stylets broken (fragments 11 mm. long).
5 thes, IOS plate). Dorsal aspect.
Style 10 mm. long; 5 mm. broad at top (head or caudal
:
Stylets broken (fragments 8 mm. long).
Specific Characters.—The two specimens (figs. 9 and 10) serve as the type of
the species. They were collected by Mr. John Dunn, of Redesdale, from the
“deaf” nodules in the Redesdale shales.’ A part of the last abdominal segment,
much crushed, is retained in each specimen, smooth, with a broad, flat, trifid tail
attached. ‘'hey are peculiar on account of the broadly triangular style and the
narrow stylets, originally rather longer than the style, and obscurely sulcate.
Pl. XXIX, fig. 1. Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., F %, No. 16. (Larriston Burn.)
- fig. 2. Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., F %, No. 19. (Harelow Hill
Quarry.)
Style imperfect, 20 mm. long; 7 mm. wide at the top.
Size.—Fig. 1 '
ee = Stylet (the most perfect) 30 mm. long.
Fig
39 o°
Style imperfect, 30 mm. long (not much longer originally); 10
2 mm. wide at the top.
Stylets broken.
Characters.—These two imperfect specimens, though much larger, seem to be
closely related to D. Dunnii (Pl. XXIII, figs. 8 and 9), by the relatively short and
' See page 176. The ironstone nodules in the uppermost bed of shale are called ‘“ deaf’’ when
they have become oxidised.
DITHYROCARIS NEILSONT. 187
broadly triangular styles. Better specimens, however, are desirable for definite
determination.
Fig. 1, from the dark-coloured calcareous shale of the Calciferous Sandstone
group at Larriston Burn, six miles north of New Castleton, has the head of the
style crushed, but obscurely striate as if masked with the dorsal face of an ultimate
segment, broken and displaced. The stylets are coarsely striated, one of them long
and curved, has 8 or 9 costule; the other has left only an impression of part of
its proximal end. Together with it is a portion of a strong oblique rugose ridge.
Fig. 2, from the dark-coloured calcareous (?) shale of the Calciferous Sandstone
group at Harelow Hill Quarry, Penton, Cannobie, has the head of the style pyri-
form, longitudinally striate, narrowing and sulcate below. There is an obscure
fragment of one stylet.
14, Dirgyrocaris Naeinsoni, sp. nov., J. and W. Plate XXIX, figs. 3a, 3),
3c. Neilson Coll., K.
Style 22 mm. long (including the head).
cae { co 23 mm. on :
Fig. 3b—Stylet 26 mm. long.
Style (broken) 18 mm. long; 3 mm. wide near the top.
Stylet 15 mm. long.
93
7 Fig. 3ef
Specific Characters :
Fig. 3 a.—These are three slender caudal spines of nearly equal length, all
suleated. Dorsal aspect. The style has a mid-ridge. ‘The others are not quite
perfect at the top.
Fig. 36.—There is one stylet, slender, not quite perfect, shghtly curved, and
suleate; the other is lost. The style is bayonet-shaped.
Fig. 3 c.—Caudal spines apparently sulcate; dorsal aspect.
All in black shale, some with adventitious granules. Small Molluscan shells
lie in the shale.
Compare these with the trifid shown in Pl. XXIII, fig. 7, which is of still
smaller size, but has the style longer than the stylet.
From East Kilbride.
15. Sp. Pl. XXI, fig. 10. Brit. Mus., No. 594541, No. 22.
Characters and Size.-—Caudal segments and appendages. Ventral aspect. The
ultimate segment, tapering from a breadth of about 12 mm. at top to6 mm. below:
188 BRITISH PALMOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
broken across in two places, and damaged by crush at the upper end, was probably
25 mm.long. It is marked with long linear chevrons, pointing obliquely down-
wards (backwards) from the sides, and meeting along the middle (characterising
the ventral aspect). The interstitial spaces bear delicate, transverse, sinuous
lines. A fragment of the crushed penultimate segment remains.
There are remains of three broad tail-spines (the fragments being 5, 5, and 7
mm. long). The middle one (style) is suleate and flattened. The stylets are
strongly striated with six costule; they are broader than the style. The heads
of all three are crushed together under the terminal arch of the ultimate segment
(more clearly seen in the photograph).
This specimen differs from that in fig. 4 (ventral aspect) of the same plate,
and fig. 4, Pl. XX XI, in both size and shape, being larger. Nevertheless it is
probably closely related to it (D. tesiudinea).
Some resemblance to the above-described may be seen in the smaller segments
and trifid appendage of the Upper Silurian Ceratiocaris compta (pl. VII, figs.
10 a, b, p. 57, ‘ Monogr. Foss. Phyllop.,’ Pal. Soc., 1888). In this, showing its
dorsal surface, the oblique lines of ornament converge forwards (upwards on the
ficure), and not backwards.
The specimen under notice has some points of agreement with that shown in
M‘Coy’s figure of his D. Scouleri (see Pl. XXV, fig. 6a), but we do not associate
it with that species, for the relative measurements of the few perfect portions do
not agree closely enough, and there are doubtful details in the fig. 6 a.
From East Kilbride. Paton Collection.
16. Sp. (?) Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., F aim» No. 22 m, 998 B (not figured).
A caudal extremity consisting of two abdominal segments and three tail-spines,
showing the ventral aspect. They are all very much crushed, but the fragmentary
segments show linear ornamentation lke that in fig. 10, Pl. XXI. The spines are
coarsely striate, as also in fig. 10.
From the Calciferous Sandstone group; Leet Water, below Hirsel, Cold-
stream. In dark grey, micaceous, calcareous shale.
L7. Raacnura (Dirnyrocaris?) venosa, Scudder, 1878. Plate XXIX, fig. 4,
(Copied from Scudder’s fig. 3, op. cit. infra.)
Ruacuura venosa, Scudder, 1878. Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. xix,
pp. 296—299, pl. ix, figs. 3, 3a.
== — Packard, 1883. Monogr. N.-Amer. Phyllop., p. 452.
DITHYROCARIS VENOSA. 189
Racuura venosa, H., W., and J.,1888. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887, p. 63.
— — Packard, 1889. Proc. Boston Soc. N. H.,! vol. xxiv, p. 212.
— — Muller, 1889. N.-Amer. Geol. Pal., p. 556.
— — Vogdes, 1893. Bibliogr. Pal. Crust., p. 405.
At page 299 of his memoir on this interesting fossil, the author writes:
“Impression of a dorsal shield in the same nodule . . . showed that it possessed a carapace
resembling that of Dithyrocaris in general form. It was broadly rounded in front, and its periphery
had a broad flat margin, which was covered, at least laterally, with very frequent, delicate, but
distinct, slightly incurved, uniform ridges, nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, and to
one another. The specimen is too [much] broken to show anything of the eyes or of any other
feature excepting two low longitudinal ridges marked by a sharp carina, slightly curved, opening
inward, one in the middie of either lateral half of the body.”
‘he measurements appear to be as follow in comparison with those of M‘Coy’s
D. Scoulert (Pl. XXV, fig. 6a), and the caudal extremity in Pl. XXI, fig. 10:
M‘Coy’s D. testudinea,
Rhachura venosa. D. Scouleri. Pl. XXI, fig. 10.
Breadth of carapace, 50 mm. . : 35 —
Breadth of its margin 5°5 mm. : : = =
Greatest distance of lateral ridge from the inner edge of the margin
on one side, 10 mm.; on the other, 85mm. . : : — —
Length of abdominal fragments and appendages (two), 48 mm. 32 45?
Length of antepenultimate segment, 7 mm. ; — 6?
Breadth of antepenultimate segment, 9°5 mm... , é — 15
Length of penultimate segment, 13 mm. : —- =
Breadth of the same posteriorly, 8°75 mm. ; — =
Probable length of the last segment, 5 [13 P] mm. 15 25 P
Length of caudal appendage [style], 26 mm. : 25 10?
Breadth of the same at the base, 3 mm. 5 3
Breadth of the same in the middle, 2°5 mm. 3 Die
Breadth of the same at the broken tip,l'2 mm. . —
Length of the other appendage [stylet], broken and ielecen: 26? mm. = =
The illustration (pl. ix, fig. 3, nat. size, and fig. 3a magnified) accompanying
Mr. Scudder’s descriptive memoir represents the ventral aspect of two broken
abdominal segments, and two caudal spines (a style apparently and a broken
stylet, both suleate). ‘The shield or carapace is not illustrated. From the com-
parison of the measurements tabulated above, this specimen appears to belong to
a distinct species, but of its generic status we cannot offer an opinion, except that
it is probably a Dithyrocaris. At page 297, Mr. Scudder states that the lines of
ornament on the dorsal surface of the abdominal joints of Ihachura are ordinary
raised ridges; or, if in reverse, they appear as impressed lines or furrows which
1 Dr. A. S. Packard has here given some notes on two specimens of this Phyllocaridan obtained
by Dr. R. R. Gurley from the Middle Coal-measures of Danville, Hhnois. The fragments of the
carapace indicate that it was “of a general oval-triangular shape,” and ‘“‘a little over three inches
long.” Two bayonet-like spines attached to the terminal segment are 15 mm. long.
190 BRITISH PALAHOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
branch more or less from one another. On the antepenultimate they ‘‘ con-
verge by running, in a curving course, towards the anterior outer embossed angles
of the segment,’ or join others that do.”
The specimen came from a black limestone of the Coal-measures at Danville,
[llmois. Referred to ‘* No. 14” bed of the Coal-measures of Vermilion County,
Illinois, in Bradley’s ‘ Geology of Illinois,’ vol. iv, pp. 224-7.
18. Dirayrocaris carponaria, Meek and Worthen, 1870. Plate XXIX, figs. 5a, b,
and 6. (Copied from M. and W., figs. 1 a and 1 8, op. cit. infra.)
DivHYROCARIS CARBONARIUS, Meek and Worthen, 1870. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, vol. xxii, p. 55.
= == — 1873. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol.
v (Geol. and Paleont.), p. 618,
pl. xxxu, figs. La, 16.
— — C. A. White, 1884. Thirteenth Rep. Dept. Geol.
Nat. Hist. Indiana, p. 178, pl. xxxix, fig. 2.
— (carBonaRta, fide J. P. Lesley), C. E. Hall, 1876. Proceed.
Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. xvi, No. 6, p. 56.
— caRBonaRIA, S. A. Miller, 1877. Pal. Foss. America, p. 217; and
1589, North-Amer. Geol. and Paleont., p. 545.
-- _ E., W., and J., 1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1886
(1887), p. 63.
— — J. P. Lesley, 1889. Dict. Foss. Pennsylv., p. 212.
— — A. W. Vogdes, 1898. Bibliogr. Paleoz. Crust.,
p: 382.
In fig. 6 (M. and W.’s fig. 1 b, nat. size); ventral aspect :
Sine Style (including head or caudal plate) 22 mm. long, and 4 mm. wide at
the top.
Stylets 22 mm. long when perfect, and 4 mm. wide.
Characters.—The proximal parts of a caudal trifid. The spines appear to
have been relatively short and thick. The style is bayonet-shaped and smooth ;
sectional areas are given with M.and W.’s fig. 1 a for the upper and lower portions.
The stylets are coarsely striate on the proximal moiety, with 5—7 costule; and
have only smooth mid-ribs on their distal halves. The style was probably rather
shorter than the stylets, but they are all broken at the tips.
From the Middle Coal-measures at Danville, Illinois; and the Coal-measures
of Warren County, Pennsylvania.
1 Analogues of these radiate knobs may be seen in the abdominal segments of Ceratiocaris
Murchisoni, fig. 4a, pl. iii, ‘ Monogr. Brit. Pal. Phyll.,’ part 1, 1888.
DITHYROCARIS BREVIACULEATA. 191
19. Diruyrocaris Kocut, Ludwig, 1864, Plate XXIX, figs. 7,8. (Copied from
Ludwig’s figs. 1 and 1 a, nat. size, op. cit. infra.)
Diruyrocanris Kocui, Ludwig, 1864. Paleontographica, vol. xi, p. 309, pl. |, figs.
il, he, i, Ibe.
= — J. M. Clarke, 1884. N. Jahrb., 1884, vol. ii, p. 185.
= — E., W., and J., 1887. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1886, p. 66.
: Style and head (caudal plate) 25 mm. long.» As figured, with
Size.—Fig. 7 | ; ee
Stylets 24 mm. long. Dorsal aspect. ends restored.
Pl. XXIX, fig. 7, 1s Ludwig’s figs. la (nat. size) and 1c; fig. 8 is his figs. 1
(nat. size) and 1b.
The stylets coming out below the caudal plate and spreading out sideways,
appear to reach further than the style.
Characters. —These caudal spines are strong and more or less bayonet-shaped.
The style is rather shorter than the stylets. Allare represented as having on both
faces a central ridge, with striz on the sloping sides, pointing obliquely down-
wards and towards the middle. On the style and stylets the ridge is rugose on
the dorsal surface; so is the ridge of the style on the ventral face, and possibly
that of the stylets also.
Devonian. From the Goniatite-shales, near Herborn, in the Dillthal, Nassau.
20. Dirnyrocaris BreviacuLeata, Ludwig, 1864. Plate XXIX, fig. 9. (Copied
from Ludwig’s fig. 2, nat. size, op. cit. infra.)
DITHYROCARIS BREVIACULEATA, Ludwig, 1864. Paleontogr., vol. xi, p. 310, pl. |,
fig, 2.
= = J. M. Clarke, 1884. Neues Jahrb., 1884, vol. ii,
p. 185.
== = E., W., and J., 1888. Rep. Brit. Assoe. for 1886
(1887), p. 65.
mm, long.
Stylets 15 mm. long.
Characters.—The figure shows the ventral surface; the style mid-ribbed and
transversely striate; and the stylets with mid-ribs simply. The style is shorter
than the stylets, and the latter are spread out sideways. ‘his trifid seems to
have the same essential features as those of D. Kochi, Ludwig; but it is smaller
and the style is relatively blunter and shorter.
Devonian. From the Spirifer-sandstone of Butzbach, Nassau.
Style (including the head, which is 6 mm, long and 5 mm. wide) 15
Size
192 BRITISH PALASOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
21. Dirnyrocaris Kayseri, J. M. Clarke, 1884. ‘Neues Jahrb. f. Min.,’ &c.,
1884, p. 185, pl. iv, fig. 6.
This, one of the largest sets of tail-spines known for the genus, is much
crushed and imperfect. The best-preserved stylet measures at least 50 mm. in
length, and is 12 mm. wide near its top. The style was very much larger and
longer (the fragment is 100 mm. long, and nearly 20 mm. wide at top, and 7
mm. wide at its broken end. All three spines are uniformly convex, tapering to
sharp ends, and are delicately striate longitudinally.
From the Upper Devonian of Wildungen, Germany.
Mzsornyra.—Some very large forms of an allied genus, from the Devonian
strata of North America, must be here referred to. The genus Mesothyra differs
from Dithyrocaris especially in having a narrow plate along the hinge-area between
the dorsal edges of the two valves.
1. Mersorpyra Neprunti, Hall, 1863.
Diruyrocaris neprunt, Hall, 1863. Sixteenth Annual Report of the New York
State Cab. of Nat. Hist., Appendix D,
p. 10, pla, fig:
— — — 1876. Paleontology of New York, vol. v, part 2
Illustrations of Devonian Fossils (published in
advance of the Pal. New York), pl. xxiii, fig. 6.
_ — Miller, 1877. Amer. Pal. Foss., p. 217.
-- Packard, 1883. Monogr. N.-Amer. Phyllop.; Twelfth
Ann. Report U.S. Geol. Surv., p. 452, fig. 78.
— oo E., W., and J., 1888. Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1887, p. 65.
Mesotuyra NEpTUNI, Hall and Clarke, 1888. Paleont. New York, vol. vii, with
Supplement to vol. v, part 2, p. 191, pl. xxxii,
fig. 7; and pl. xxxii, fig. 1.
- Miller, 1889. North American Geol. and Palezont., p. 556.
— — Vogdes, 1893. Bibliogr. Pal. Crust., p. 299.
—- — Olarke, 1893. American Naturalist, Sept. Ist, 1898, p. 796.
caudal plate (27 mm. wide) and telson [style] 81 mm. long.
| Cercopods [stylets] 110 mm. long.
Size 4 Style (from its joint in the caudal plate) 75 mm. long,
| and 15 mm. wide at top. As figured.
Stylets 120 mm. long, and 15 mm. wide at top.
PTYCHOCARIS JASCHEI. 193
Characters.—Style (telson) broad, stout, and tapering; shorter than the
stylets. The inner margin of the stylets is fringed with sete.
2. Mesoruyra ocBANI, Hall and Clarke, 1888.
Diruyrocaris neptuNI, Hall, 1876. Imllustr, Devonian Foss., pl. xxii, figs. 1—4,
pl. xxiii, figs. 1—3.
= — E£E., W., and J., 1888. Report Brit. Assoc. for 1887,
p. 65.
Mesoruyra ocEANI, Hall and Clarke, 1888. Geol. Surv. New York, Paleont.,
vol. vii, p. 187, pl. xxxii, figs. 1—6; pl.
xxxiil, figs. 1—7 ; pl. xxxiv, figs. 1—5.
Carapace-valve (including posterior spine) 140 mm. long, and 60 mm.
wide.
Caudal plate and telson [style including head] 67 mm. long.
Cercopods [stylets] 70 mm. long.
Carapace-valve 150 mm. long, and 65 mm. wide.
Style 72 mm. long; wide at head, 24 mm. As figured.
LStylets 84 mm. lone; wide at top, 13 mm.
Characters.—Stylets vary in length, but are longer than the style. Sete are
attached to the inner margin of the stylets.
Size
,
|
One Devonian specimen that has been referred to Dithyrocaris may be here
noticed.
Prycuocaris? Jascuet (Ff. A. Roemer, 1855). Plate XXIX, figs. 15 a—c; and 16a, b.
Dirayrocaris Jascuet, 7, A. Roemer, 1855. Paleontographica, vol. v, p. 8, pl. ii,
figs. 13a—e; and vol. xiii, 1866, p. 219, referring to
Roemer’s Beitrag III, pl. xvii [ii], fig. 13 (misspelt
Ditryocharis).
Dirnyrocaris ? Jascuet, Kayser, 1878. Abhandl. Geol. Specialkarte von Preussen
und Thiringischen Staaten, vol. ii, Heft 4, p. 7,
pl. i, figs. 18, 18 a.
— JascHeE!, J. UM. Clarke, 1884. N. Jahrb., 1884, vol. i, p. 185.
_— ? as E., W., and J., 1888. Report Brit. Assoc. for 1887,
p. 66.
Prycuocaris? JascHeEt, H., W., and J., 1889. (After Novak.) Rep. Brit. Assoe.
for 1888, p. 124.
26
194 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
Roemer’s figures (reproduced P]. XXIX, figs. 15a—c) of this obscure fossil may
possibly be referable either to a portion of a bivalved carapace, with a median
dorsal ridge (or hinge-line), or to a single convex valve, with a lateral longi-
tudinal ridge such as that of Ptychocaris ; in either case filled with matrix, and
broken across. Being convex and ridged on one face, and nearly flat on the
other, it shows a flattened subelliptical (Roemer’s) or suboval (Kayser’s) section.
It has an ornament of straight and inosculating striw, connected by oblique striz,
sinuous and traversing the interspaces. This is analogous to the irregular inter-
linear meshwork in Pl. XVIII, fig. 8, and Pl. XXI, fig. 11.
Dr. Kayser’s figures give this little fossil straighter sides, with the ridge
oblique, and the section more of a flattened oval shape. ‘The surface bears longi-
tudinal striz, parallel to the sides, and on one side to the ridge, but slightly
oblique to it on the other.
From the Hercynian Limestone (latest Silurian or earliest Devonian) in the
Klosterholz, near Ilsenberg, Hartz.
The late Ottomar Novak, in 1888 informed us that this fossil, as figured by
Kayser, shows some resemblance to his Ptychocaris,’ which occurs in the equiva-
lent horizon, namely, the ‘ Hereynian ” of Beyrich and Kayser =“ Etages F, G,
and H”’ of Barrande.
The Gastric Teeth of Dithyrocaris.
In the ‘Geological Magazine,’ vol. 11 (1865), a paper by one of us “On some
Crustacean Teeth from the Carboniferous and Upper Ludlow Rocks of Scotland ”
describes and illustrates some of these curious little fossils. At page 401 it is
stated that “So long ago as 1843 the late General Portlock (at that time a
captain of the Royal Engineers conducting the Geological Branch of the
Ordnance Survey. of Ireland), in his ‘Report on the Geology of the County of
Londonderry,’ figured the teeth of Dithyrocaris in pl. xii, fig. 6, of that work;
and at page 315 he observes, ‘‘ Fig. 6 represents bodies which are frequently
found on the specimens of this crustacean, and in this instance together, as
represented in the figured specimen, they each exhibit a single row of tubercles,
and were in all probability connected with the masticatory apparatus, which it is
probable, therefore, was highly developed in this large species.” ‘lhe figure here
referred to was reproduced in the ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ pl. xi, fig. 8; but is now much
more accurately drawn (from the original specimen) in Pl. XX VI, fig. 44. We
' “Sitzungsb. bohm, Ges. Wiss.,’ 1885, pp. 8483—346, and plate. This Phyllocarid is related to
both Ceratiocaris and Dithyrocaris.
GASTRIC TEETH. 195
further extract from pages 401-2 of the above-mentioned paper, “ Figs. 3—6
represent the teeth of Dithyrocaris collected by Mr. James Armstrong and Mr. J.
Bennie from Campsie and Hast Kilbride, Lanarkshire, and Orchard Quarry, near
Thornliebank, Renfrewshire.
**Mr. Bennie was so fortunate as to obtain, at Lickprivick Quarry, East
Kilbride, Lanarkshire, a portion of a carapace (pl. xi, fig. 6), upon the under side
of which he discovered the long-looked-for teeth in situ (figs. 6a, b). This dis-
covery 1s the more acceptable, because the teeth have never yet been met with at
Carluke, where the carapaces are found, although the Carboniferous beds have
been diligently searched for fossils by Dr. Rankin for at least thirty years ; whilst
the localities already named as yielding the detached teeth do not furnish remains
of the carapace.
“The teeth, with one or two exceptions, always occur in ironstone nodules,
and the best specimens are those which have been weathered out. .... It
is probable that the soft parts of the animal (which contained the teeth), having
been, after death, detached from the carapace, became the nucleus for a concre-
tion, such as the phosphatic and ironstone nodules in many other strata. Differences
in flotation, and in the force of currents, would account for the scattering of the
several parts of the animal.
‘Mr. Armstrong informs us that the Dithyrocaris tooth from Campsie (pl. xi,
figs. 4 and 4) occurs in a bed of black shale, overlying the ‘ Hosie Limestone’
of the Lanarkshire Carboniferous series, which is about 670 fathoms below the
‘ Kll Coal,’ . . . . the horizon usually taken by the Glasgow geologists m giving
the position of Carboniferous fossils. No other specimen is recorded from this
locality.
“Its associated fossils are Nucula gibbosa, N. lineata; Leda longirostris,
DL. attenuata ; Nautilus subsulcatus ; Goniatites Gilbertson, G. vesica ; a profusion
of Spirifera Urei, Orthoceras pygmeum, and a large Cythere (?).
«Those from Orchard Quarry, near Thornliebank, Renfrewshire (pl. xi, figs. 3
a, b, and 5, 5a), are from a bed of shale about 300 fathoms below the Ell Coal.
The common fossils in this bed are several species of Cypricardia, Leda, Orthoceras,
Productus costatus, Bellerophon Urei, B. Leveilleanws, Macrocheilus, Plewrotomaria
monilifera. No trace of carapace has been discovered at either of these localities.
‘The specimen with the teeth attached to the portion of the carapace, from
East Kilbride (pl. xi, fig. 6), was found in shale associated with Brachiopoda,
corals, Xe. The teeth are common at Orchard Quarry, but only a single
specimen has been met with either at Lickprivick or Campsie.”
These teeth, so fully represented in Pl. XXVI, more nearly resemble those of
the lobster than those of Apus in their relative size, solidity, and form (see
H. Woodward’s paper on “ Crustacean Teeth, &c.,” in the ‘ Geological Magazine,’
196 BRITISH PALASOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
already quoted above; and the article ‘‘ Crustacea,” ‘ Encyclopeedia Britannica,’
vol. vi, 1877, p. 639, fig. 13; also Huxley’s ‘‘ Crayfish,’ 1888, pp. 56—60;
Rolleston’s ‘ Forms of Life,’ 2nd edit., by Mr. H. Jackson, 1888, pp. 181—184,
with full references to other observers; and Howse’s ‘Atlas of Biology,’
plex):
In studying these little fossil teeth they should not le crosswise, as in our
Pl. XX VI, but the narrow and lowest (hinder) end of the tooth (pointing towards
the pylorus of the stomach) should be placed downwards, and the convexity will
be noticed on one side or the other. ‘The cusps on the broad end (pointing
towards the cardiac part of the stomach) are thick and high, those at the narrow
end are low; the hinder (pyloric) part of the tooth being more contracted and
depressed than the other (cardiac) half, as is markedly the case in the lobster
(Homarus vulgaris) and crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis).
Our specimens are divisible into two groups: No. 1, those that have a con-
vexity on the left hand, as fig. 34, when the narrow or hinder (pyloric) end is
placed downwards; and No. 2, those that are convex on the right, as in fig. 20,
when so placed. The anterior (cardiac) end of the tooth in Pl. XXVI, fig. 34,
points to the right hand of the reader; and in fig. 20 it points to his left hand.
For convenience, and indeed according to their relative position in the lobster’s
stomach, we term No. 1 group the sinistral, and No. 2 the dewtral teeth. Both
kinds are present together in fig. 44, the sinistral tooth lying upon and against its
deatral fellow.
These, looking like molar teeth of some sort of the higher animals, have a
crown consisting of six or seven cusps on a slightly curved solid basis, thickest in
the middle. Four of the cusps on the front (cardiac) half are thick and promi-
nent; but on the other (pyloric) half, two or three seem to have been worn down,
leaving a more or less flattened or hollow surface: for instance, figs. 18, 23, 25,
and 34 of the left teeth; and figs. 20, 21, 40, and 43 of the right teeth.
There is another tooth in the lobster, namely, the narrow, blunt, hook-like,
overhanging median tooth (bifid in the crayfish), which works between the hinder
flattened surfaces of the two side teeth below.
We have no evidence, however, in Dithyrocaris of the upper intervening median
tooth, such as is associated with a similar flatness in the hinder part of the side
teeth in the stomach of the lobster and crayfish.
The illustrations of Pl. XXVI were made before we had assorted the teeth in
the manner above mentioned. We now find that they fall into the following
arrangement, as rights and lefts :
GASTRIC TEETH. 197
DEXTRALS. SINISTRALS.
a =
nA Right As placed on Ss Right As placed on
a fone position. the plate. e position. ue lake
= 'ymbols > ay Symbols =
g Na P | ( aes)
= fea
Ike 9,
2. Orchard Quarry. 10, ; Cowlands Quarry.
3. =
19; } Dolly Quarry.
5} Campsie.
14, | Orehard Quarry.
7 }Orehard Quarry.
sl
Redesdale.!
Li }Orchard Quarry. 24. ee
25.)
Redesdale.!
1g, | Orebard Quarry. 26.)
19 31 }Cock of Arran.
ap, | Neweastle-on-Tyne.
35. ;
36, | Redesdale.
39 | Redesdale.!
fs: 41. Orchard Quarry.
27. Orchard Quarry.
42, Ececup.}
30.\ ako
3 \ wast Kilbride. One)
LJ in -Londonderry.!
32. Orchard Quarry. 44. |
af Orchard Quarry.
39 1 At these localities the gastric teeth are found
40, fOrebard Quarry: under two conditions; some free, and others still
43. Dunbar. within the carapace, as shown by their protruding
One through the valves.
in }Londonderry.!
44,
(All on Pl. XXVI are magnified two diameters, except figs. 1—7.)
By way of making it easy to recognise the relative position of these gastric
teeth in the original stomach, as pointing fore and aft (that is, from its cardiac or
front to its pyloric or hinder division), we introduce a simple symbol. The
crescent refers to the curvature of the tooth, and the little angle, or angular sign,
shows at which end the coarser cusps rise out of the tooth.
=>
Thus ) means a dextral convexity, with the high cusps forward, or towards
a
the cardiac extremity of the stomach ; and 6 indicates the sinistral position. On
the plate (Pl. XX VI) the dextral teeth occur as A7_\ and the sinistrals as (A.
There are probably distinctions due to the relative age of individuals in the
collection, but we cannot point with certainty to any specific differences among
the figured specimens, except that figs. 33, 34, and 35, 36 (not quite perfect),
198 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
having a greater length of tooth, with very distinct and elevated cusps, may pro-
bably have belonged to a species of larger growth.
For a description of the Gastric Teeth of Ceratiocaris, compared with those
of Dithyrocaris, see ‘ Geological Magazine,’ dec. 3, vol. v (1888), pp. 145, &e., with
illustrations.
NOTES ON DITHYROCARIS.
1. The more simple forms of Dithyrocaris, with ovate-oblong and smooth or
somewhat granulated valves, supply 53 out of the 144 known British specimens of
the genus. These, represented by Nos. 1, 2,and 3 (D. glabra, 46; ovalis, 1; and
granulata, 6) in the table at page vu, should probably be regarded as forming a
special group in the genus.
2. D. Scouleri (No.5), having doubtful features in some respects (see page 156),
had probably a smooth surface, but differs much from the foregoing in form.
3. D. testudinea (No. 4) has a speciality in its peculiar ornament of oblique and
sinuous striz passing all over its test (page 145). This is an abundant form,
there being 24 known out of the 144 British specimens of Dithyrocaris.
4, The reticulate pattern, with modifications, characterises five British species,
of which D. isignis (No. 7) presents the greatest number of known specimens
(36). The Irish D. Colet (No. 8) is next most plentiful, but with only 11 speci-
mens. The reticulation is faint in D. funiculata (No. 6), Pl. XXII, fig. 6;
stronger and irregular in D. insignis (No. 7), Pl. XXV, figs. 3 and 5, Pl. XXX,
figs. 3 and 4, and Pl. XXXI, fig. 8. In D. Cole (No. 8), in D. tricormis (No. 10),
and probably in D. orbicularis (No. 9), the reticulation is emphasised by some of
its meshes being produced at the angles into short triangular spines, Pl. XXII,
fies. 4,5 a, 5d, 5e, and Pl. XXVII, fig. 4:e.
5. Short cross-lines between longitudinal strie, as in Pl. XXXI, figs. 2 and 4d
(D. testudinea) ; and an interstitial network, shown in Pl. XVIII, fig. 8, is present
in the Canadian D. Bell.
6. Minute punctation, such as is common in crustacean tests, 1s seen in many
specimens, both of the smooth and the reticulate kind. Thus Pl. XVIII, figs.
land 3 (glabra and ovalis); Pl. XX, figs. 2 and 3 (granulata); Pl. XXVIII, figs.
3 and 5c (cast), Pl. XXIV, figs. 11 6 and 12 d, and Pl. XXXI, figs. 1—3
(testudinea); Pl. XXV, figs. 83—5, Pl. XXVII, fig. 1c, Pl. XXX, fig. 3d, and
Pl, XXXI, figs. 7b and 8c (insignis); and Pl. XXVII, fig. 2c (tricornis).
LEBESCONTIA AINIGMATICA. 199
SOME ALLIES OF DITHYROCARIS.
I. LEBESCONTIA ANIGMATIOA, gen. et sp. nov. Woodcuts, Figs. 11—13.
This was referred to in the ‘Seventh Report on Paleozoic Phyllopoda,”
‘Report British Association for 1889’ (1890), page 65, as having been collected
by M. Paul Lebesconte, of Rennes, from the Lower Silurian rocks of Brittany and
neighbourhood, thus :—‘* M. Lebesconte’s Collection, above mentioned, comprises
two specimens of Dithyrocaris, one from Coésmes (Ille-et-Vilaine) and one from
Renazé (Mayenne), both in the ‘ Schiste ardoisier supérieur (Faune 2de, Barrande),’
above the Gres de May.”
These are specimens in rather hard, dark-blue, slaty, argillaceous schist,
slightly micaceous. One of them (from Coésmes) shows a hollow impression,
45 mm. long by 30 mm. wide, and nearly 2 mm. deep at one part of the
border—apparently the hollow mould of a flattened bivalve or shield-like form
allied to Dithyrocaris, Fig. 11.
The other specimen (from Renazé), of similar slate, has a slight convexity of
Fie. 11. Fie. 124. Fie. 12 B. Fie. 13.
Fie. 11.—Lebescontia xnigmatica, gen. et sp. nov. Two flattened valves or moieties. Lower Silurian, Coésmes,
Brittany. Magnified 14 diam, : ;
Fias. 12 a, B.—Lebescontia «xnigmatica. A. Dorsal aspect. Lower Silurian. Magnified 1} diam. B. Raised
or thickened dorsal ridge. Magnified 7 diam, Lower Silurian, Renazé, Anjou. ‘
Fic. 13.—Lebescontia xnigmatica. Crushed right valve. On the back of the same specimen of slate that
contains Fig. 12. Magnified 14 diam. Lower Silurian, Renazé, Anjou.
200 BRITISH PALMOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
organic origin on each face, but not exactly corresponding one with the other in
position, size, or shape. One side shows a distinct form (Figs. 124, 12), like
that of the dorsal edge of a compressed bivalved form (50 mm. by 23 mm.) ; the
other side shows a flatter and less shapely organism (Fig. 13), like a portion of
the crushed valve of a Dithyrocarid.
Fic. 11.—The concave specimen on the slaty schist from Coésmes shows either
an impression of the outside of two expanded valves, or at least partially (as
indicated to some extent here and there by traces of a black shining film) the
inside of the two valves. The cast of matrix once filling the cavity, and bearing
probably some other details of the animal’s structure, has been lost.
This has some analogy to specimens of flattened valves of Dithyrocaris illus-
trated in Pls. XVIII and XXVIII.
In the two flattened valves (Fig. 11) the dorsal edges are in contact ; not quite
clearly defined, however, one from the other, on account of a partial overlap, or
some other discordance, along the middle line. They open out one from the other
at the ends, but more definitely at one end than the other. Both of the extre-
mities have been damaged.
Being greatly though unequally flattened by pressure, they present an aspect
comparable, as far as general outline is concerned, with fig. 5a, Pl. XXVIII,
which is an impression of the outer surface of the expanded valves of Dithyrocaris
testudinea; also to some extent with figs. 3a and 6 of Pl. XVIII, illustrating the
outside aspect of the expanded valves of D. ovalis and D. granulata. The fuller
lateral curve, however, is in the anterior rather than in the posterior portion.
The upper end in Fig. 11 has a serrated edge, which has only a feeble homologue
in figs. 1, 4, and 6 of Pl. XVIII, and in fig. 3 of Pl. XXII.
At the lower end of Fig. 11 each valve narrows much more quickly than in any
of our other figured species of Dithyrocaris, and does not bear clear evidence of
the usual ventral terminal spines; if ever present, they have been lost, or crushed
out of recognition.
The longitudinal foldings or wrinklings of the test in each valve are probably
homologous with those in Calyptocaris striata, Pl. XVII, fig. 7, and C. Richteriana,
Pl. XXII, fig. 2. The ends of the valves in these two figured species are too im-
perfect for comparison with those of Lebescontia.
Fics. 12 a and 12 s.—On the hand-specimen from Renazé, the more distinct fossil
of the two, lying back to back, suggests at first sight a comparison with the dorsal
aspect of a closed bivalved test of some Dithyrocarid, compressed, but retaining
some lateral convexity (Fig. 124). It has a terminal appendage, or blunt spike,
overlying a displaced portion of the hinder end of the right valve. The posterior
process differentiates this form from Fig. 11, unless it has been lost in the latter.
The upper end of Fig. 12a retains no evidence of the denticulate margin
LEBESCONTIA AINIGMATICA.. - 201
seen in Fig. 11. The surface of the valves is longitudinally wrinkled and striate,
as in Fig. 11. |
The hinge-line is straight, and shows a thick subcylindrical body, crenulate
or marked with small alternately hght and dark triangles. Its anterior moiety,
having been broken away, has left in the matrix an impression of the oblique
segments of this seemingly quasi-spiral, rod-like structure, which at first sight
seems to be the edge of the right valve.
In such other Dithyrocarids as figs. 1,2, and 3 of Pl. XX, figs. 1, 2, and
ppol hl XXIV, figscl; 245-6, anda9of Pl. XXV,and fig. 3 of Pl. XXX; we
find a narrow rugose hinge-plate or dorsal ridge having little or no analogy to this
dorsal rod-like structure in Figs. 12 4 and 12 8.
Perhaps this long, narrow, subcylindrical body may be the remains of the
straight intestinal canal, distended with food at the time of the death of the little
animal.’ Barrande has described and figured the dorsal aspect of a specimen of
Trinucleus Goldfussi with the intestinal canal open throughout its length ; and of
another, with the contents of the intestine indicating its whole extent, ‘‘ Syst. Silur.
Bohéme,” ‘ Recherch. Paléont.,’ vol. i, 1852, p. 629, pl. xxx, figs. 38 and 39. In
a Scotch specimen we have lately found an analogous structure, formed by the
union of narrow folds on the dorsal margins, see Fig. 14. (See Notw at page 203.)
Fic. 13.—This seems to be a much-crushed and imperfect right-hand valve of
a Dithyrocarid, with two raised lines, one of them apparently dorsal, and the
other (mesolateral) near the ventral margin, which is partly broken away, but once
ended with a strong spine. Another but smaller spine is present on the posterior
border. The anterior margin is strongly dentate, as in Fig. 11.
As already stated, although occupying the back of the hand-specimen on which
Fig. 12 a is embedded, it does not appear to belong to the Jatter, not being exactly
behind it, and being flatter, and differently shaped.
Combining the evidences given by these specimens, although they are some-
what obscure on account of imperfection, distortion, and embedment (Figs.
11—13), we may conclude that they are the relics of some kind of bivalved
or shield-like Phyllopod, near to but not identical with Dithyrocaris.
Fig. 11 has the general contour of such a test, with some trace of anterior
prickles, but no posterior spines (possibly they may have been lost). Fig. 124,
differently posed, shows no prickles at its imperfect front end, but has a posterior
spine and a curious dorsal structure (Fig. 128). The longitudinal ridges, folds, and
striz present in all three, Figs. 11, 12, and 18, are also found in some Dithyrocarids.
Hence it is proposed to arrange this fossil, though difficult of interpretation,
1 It has been suggested as a possible interpretation of the cylindrical body on Fig.12 a,and enlarged
in Fig. 12 8, that it may bea part of some other organism accidentally associated with the valves of
Lebescontia, such as a crinoid stem or a serpulite tube ; both of which kinds are found in these schists
(of course altered in character, as such slate fossils usually are).
27
202 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
asa new genus of the Dithyrocaride under the appellation of LrsescontiA, after the
well-known geologist of Rennes, who discovered it in the Lower Silurian schists of
Brittany, and lent the specimens to one of us several years ago for examination and
description. Its obscure and complex character suggests #NIGMATICA for its
specific name. The locality and geological horizon indicate that these specimens
are the oldest known individuals of this group of Phyllopoda.
In the Report of the ‘ Association Frang¢aise pour |’Avancement des Sciences,
Congrés de Nantes, 1875,’ MM. Gaston Le Goarant de Tromelin and Paul
Lebesconte gave an account of the Paleozoic Formations of the north-west of
France, with lists of the Silurian fossils of the Departments of Maine-et-Loire,
Loire-Inférieur, and the Morbihan (‘ Compte-rendu du Congrés,’ &c., published
in June, 1876, pp. 601—687).
The paleozoic rocks of the ‘ massif breton ou armoricain,” which constitutes
the great peninsula of North-western France, have been studied in more or less
detail by many geologists, and the memoir mentioned above refers to their work,
and gives the result of the special researches by MM. de Tromelin and Lebesconte
up to 1875. In 1889 M. Lebesconte kindly lent his collection of the palzeozoic
fossils of Brittany to one of us, and the phyllopodal specimens here figured and
described were noticed among them as being probably allied to Dithyrocaris.
In the ‘Memoir’ by de Tromelin and Lebesconte no particular fossils are
recorded from Coésmes, Dép. Ille-et-Vilaine (Brittany) ; but in the Collection
above referred to there are obscure remains of Molluscan bivalves, of Trilobites
and Eurypterids, also the Dithyrocarid under notice, and one or more specimens
of Coleoprion.
Renazé, whence one of our specimens came, is just south of Brittany, in the
ancient province of Anjou, not far from the border of the Département de Maine-
et-Loire, but in the Dép.de la Mayenne. It is in a line with the slate quarries of
Riadan* and Coésmes (Ille-et-Vilaine). In Table A of MM. de Tromelin and
Lebesconte’s ‘ Memoir’ the following fossils are recorded from the slaty schist of
Renazé :
b)
Calymene pulchra, Barrande.
Dalmanites socialis, var. prozeva,
Barr.
Trinucleus Goldfussi, Bary.
= ornatus, Sternberg, sp.
Ampyx tenellus, Barr.
Ilenus Beaumonti, Jtouwault, sp.
Acidaspis Buchi, Barr.
Serpulites Letellieri, Tromelin.
Ctenodonta Cize, Sharpe, sp.
— Pongerardi, Rowault. — Eschwegei, Sharpe, sp.
' In the ‘ Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association,’ vol. xxi, pt. 8 (July, 1899), p. 111, the
Riadan Slates are referred to the Middle Ordovician Series by Dr. C. Barrois; and at page 1382 he
refers to ‘ Bull. Soe. Géol. France,’ ser. 8, vol. xiv (1886) ; and ‘Annales Soc. Géol. du Nord,’ vols. i
to xvii, Lille, for literature on the Geology of Central Brittany.
LEBESCONTIA OCCULTA. 203
Orthis Berthoisi, Rouault. Encrinites Andegavensis, Tom. and
— munde, Sharpe. Leb.
— noctilio, Sharpe. Petraia ? insolita, Troim. and Leb.
— Rubeiroi, Sharpe.
In M. Lebesconte’s Collection the following, besides the Dithyrocarid, were
observed from Renazé:—genal and pleural spines of Trilobites, Eurypterid
fragments, Crinoid stems (Triacrinus), part of an arm of an Asteriad (Loriolaster ?),
Pteropodal (?) shells, also remains of Brachiopods and of Molluscan bivalves.
Nore.—lIt is possible that Fig. 12 4 does not represent a truly bivalved test,
but that the two moieties of a flat carapace have been squeezed horizontally into
a narrow boat-shape.
II. Lesrsconria occutta, sp.nov. Woodcuts, Figs. 14, 15, and 16.
Fig. 15. "ae Ph on (aN Fie. 14. 74
wn)
Fig. 16B.
Fie. 14.—Lebescontia occulta, sp. nov. Right moiety of carapace, magnified 1} diam.
Fic. 15.—Lebescontia occulta, sp.nov. Counterpart, showing the impression of the right valve, Fig. 14; probably the
loss of the outermost film has exposed the striw more distinctly ; magnified 1} diam.
Fies. 16 a, B.—Part of the structure of the dorsal margin, where the arrow points in Fig. 14; magnified 10 diam.
Since describing M. P. Lebesconte’s Breton specimens, Figs. 11, 12,13, at
page 199, we have met with, among some Carboniferous fossils lent to us by Mr.
204 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
John Smith, of Kilwinning, two counterparts! of a dithyrocaridal valve, which
has a remarkable similitude in some respects to L. enigmatica.
1. Fig. 14 represents a nearly perfect right-hand valve in its lateral aspect. It
is 75 mm. long by 15 mm. broad, of a pod-like shape,’ nearly straight dorsally, and
shallow-elliptical on its ventral margin. This is most convex in the middle, and
narrows more obliquely at the compressed anterior extremity ; the edge, however,
is broken away at both ends. The middle third of the ventral border is markedly
smooth, being probably a flange, turned in and pressed flat. A delicate rugose
ridge lies along and within the middle part of the ventral edge, with a rather less
curvature, and with its ends running into that border at about a fourth of the
length of the valve from each of its extremities.
The dorsal edge is neatly bent along its length into a narrow fold (Fig. 16 8),
which possibly overlaps a corresponding fold of the other valve, with some
matrix intervening. Where broken, this arrangement has the appearance of a
gutter filled with dry mud. It is not subcylindrical as in the analogous structure
in L. xnigmatica (Fig. 12, page 199), but flattened. As a junction of the two
valves, it is not compatible with a free motion of one or the other; but rather
indicates a nearly flat and shield-like condition of the carapace. The upper
part of this flat gutter-like hinge-structure may possibly be homologous, in some
degree, with the middle piece in the Rhinocaris and Mesothyra of North America.
On the surface of the valve four or five oblique folds of limited extent mark
the anterior moiety ; and the remainder seems to be smooth, except for some very
faint strize, which are far better pronounced in Fig. 15. There is a definite
posterior elongation of the dorsal border, as a stout process, not unlike, but more
slender than, that shown in Fig. 124. It has been almost lost in Fig. 15.
2. The other counterpart (Fig. 15) is more imperfect at the ends than Fig. 14,
and measures 55 mm. by 15 mm. It agrees with Fig. 11 in general shape, and in
showing a straight and peculiarly folded dorsal margin. The short oblique
crumpling, on the front part of the valve, and the little rough ridge (impression)
near the ventral margin, and which may represent the mesolateralin Dithyrocaris,
are characteristic. The surface also exhibits numerous delicate, curved, parallel
striz, starting as 1t were in the antero-ventral region, at first crowded, and nearly
parallel with the ventral edge, but turning upwards and backwards, and feathering
off, with widening interspaces, towards the dorsal border. This delicate sculp-
turing must have been nearly lost on the other counterpart (Fig. 14) by the
removal of an outer film of the shell.
' A specimen consisting of two counterparts, and in so far analogous to Figs. 14 and 15, was
figured in Pl. XXI, figs. 7 a, 7b, and described at p. 158 as casts of the left-hand moiety of a cara-
pace of probably Dithyrocaris Scouleri.
* Somewhat like that of Rhinocaris bipennis, J. M. Clarke, ‘ Geol. Survey State of New York,’
1896, p. 69.
HIBBERTIA ORBICULARIS. 205
These (Figs. 14 and 15) very rare representatives of a peculiar form occur
in a hard, bluish, calcareous shale, with numerous fragments of shells. Several
Posidonomy lie on the back of one counterpart, and Aviculopecten abounds on the
bed-plane at the back of the other. Mr. John Smith collected them at the Linn,
Dalry, in the “ Upper Limestone” series, twenty miles south-west of Glasgow.
The presence of a peculiar hinge-structure is a striking feature, as in L. xnig-
matica; the pod-shape, though narrower and more graceful,—the striz more
strongly represented than in Fig. 13,—the mesolateral, smaller than in Fig. 15, are
links between the two species, and supply distinctive characters for this one,
which may be termed occutra, for it is not yet defined in a clear light.
The longitudinal crumple or fold of the dorsal edge may be hidden in the
middle line of Fig. 11, and underneath that of Fig. 12a. It do23 not s2em to be
traceable in any species of Dithyrocaris. It might possibly have some analogy to
the mid-dorsal, longitudinal, thin piece, which is part of and intermediate to the
junction-line in the valves of the Rhinocaride.*
III. Hipsertia orsicoraris, Jones and Woodward. Plate XXV, figs. 8a, 8D.
HIBBERTIA ORBICULARIS, Jones and Woodward, 1899. Geol. Mag., dec. 4, vol. vi,
p- 390, pl. xv, fig. 4.
This small Crustacean shield was presented to the British Museum many
years ago by our late friend Dr. John Millar, F.G.S., of Bethnal House, Bethnal
Green. The specimen is embedded in a finely laminated, micaceous, non-cal-
careous shale (bluish-grey in section), and bears the label ‘* Coal M., Burdichouse.”
It was at first believed to be one of Dr. Hibbert’s types from Burdiehouse, but
nothing like this fossil was found to have been figured or mentioned in Dr. 8
Hibbert’s memoir? on the strata and fossils of Burdiehouse; therefore its occur-
rence there, as shown by its old label, is of great interest.
It was described and figured in the ‘Geological Magazine’ for September,
1899, as indicated above.
Generic and Specific Characters.—A nearly circular shield, 14 mm. broad by
15 mm. long, having an opening behind, which is bounded by two acute incurved
angular spines, forming the backward extremities of the concentric shield or
buckler-like test. The periphery of the concentric part of the test is turned up
sharply as a thin rim in the fossil, leaving a uniform narrow groove behind it,
1 See Mr. J. M. Clarke’s description of this ‘median plate” in ‘The American Naturalist,’
September 1st, 1893, pp. 793—801, and the ‘ Fifteenth Annual Report of the State Geologist, New
York,’ 1896, p. 69.
2 «Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh,’ vol. xiii (1836), p. 280, plates.
206 BRITISH PALMOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
from which the field of the buckler rises with a gentle swelling over and along
the crescentic area, except where the edge falls in for a little space just on the
centre of the front border. Where the buckler becomes slightly depressed and
the narrow groove along the margin is interrupted or perhaps injured there is an
obscure impression of what may be a jointed antennary organ in front. The
surface of the two lateral areas of the buckler have a finely granulated ornamen-
tation, which is most marked just within the peripheral rim of the carapace, and
is limited by two thin parallel granulated ridges, each starting from the incurved
posterior angles of the shield, the longest being 7 mm. and the shortest only 4
mm. in length; the intervening space of 5 mm. in breadth, marking the centre
of the carapace, is devoid of the granulated ornament seen on the other parts of
the shield, and has only a small spine-like impression 3 mm. long, and extending
for three quarters of the entire length of the shield as a curved irregular incised
line. There are some other markings, too obscure for interpretation; also a
shght posterior projection on the central line, doubtfully representing part of a
lost series of caudal segments.
The presence of the two corresponding angles, and the narrow posterior
opening between them, suggest affinities with Dithyrocaris (cf. D. Scouleri as
represented by M‘Coy, Pl. XXV, fig. 6a, with its two raised lateral ridges), but in
most of the members of this group the lateral portions of the shield are less
circular in outline, and in many the surface-ornamentation is composed of linear
or reticulate, and only occasionally of granulate markings. Compared with the
shield of Apus or Lepidurus,' the general outline is much alike, but the granulated
mesolateral ridges continued forward from each of the posterior angles in
Hibbertia are not present in Apus, whereas the median ridge so conspicuous in
both Apus and Dithyrocaris is apparently quite absent in Hibbertia, or is not pre-
served in the fossil. Contrasted with the anterior (cephalic) buckler in Limulus,
the shield of Hibbertia is seen to be nearly circular, whilst that of Limulus is
semicircular; the posterior angles of the shield of Hibbertia are contracted
together and directed somewhat inwards at their extremities, whilst in Limulus
they are wide apart and directed rather outwards. The mesolateral (ocular)
ridges are present both in Hibbertia and in Limulus ; but in Limulus they form a
smooth, curved, broad line, not a nearly straight ridge as in Hibbertia.
The granulation on the lateral areas of the shield and on the ridges is also
strange to Apus, and more closely resembles that seen in some species of the Car-
boniferous genus Cyclus (cf. Cyclus Johnsoni, H. Woodw.,’ and C. testudo, Peach,
1 See Dr. S. A. Packard’s ‘ Monograph of the Phyllopod Crustacea of North America,’ 1883,
pl. xvi, fig. 1, Z. glacialis.
2 See “‘ Contributions to our Knowledge of the Genus Cyclus from the Carboniferous Formation
of various British Localities,” by H. Woodward, ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ dec. 4, vol. i, 1894, pp. 580— 539, pl. xv.
EE —_—
HIBBERTIA ORBICULARIS. 207
the former from the Coal-measures of Coseley, near Dudley, the latter from the
Carboniferous shales—so rich in Crustacea, Arachnida, &c.—of Eskdale on the
Scottish borders).’
None of the earlier fossil forms of Limuloid Crustaceans hitherto figured and
described, of which a series may be studied on pl. xxxi, figs. 1—8,‘ Monograph of
the Merostomata,’ Paleont. Soc., part v, 1878, aid us in finding a suitable form for
comparison with the shield of Hibbertia, nor do the larval stages of the recent
Inmulus greatly assist in this direction (op. cit., pl. xxiii). We are therefore
reduced to the conclusion that Hibbertia may be more conveniently placed along
with and near to those forms referred to the genus Cyclus than with any other
group. Under these circumstances we preferred to regard it as characteristic of a
distinct genus; and named it after Dr. Hibbert, with whose discoveries in the
Lower Carboniferous strata at Burdiehouse it is most closely associated.
From the paper on Cyclus by H. Woodward, already referred to, we make
the following extract (pages 534 and 535), to show the conclusions arrived at by
the writer as to the affinities of the curious little forms included in the genus
Cyclus. To the same family our specimen from Burdiehouse must now be added
under the name of Hibbertia.
‘“* The presence of antenne and biramous swimming-legs prove undoubtedly
that Cyclus wasa Crustacean. The large size of the former and the homogeneous
nature of the rest of the appendages (all biramous swimming-legs, with possibly
masticatory bases), taken in connection with the large, slightly bivalved carapace,
suggest that it is an Entomostracan and probably one of the Puytioropa, with a
broad cephalic carapace like that possessed by Apus and by Daphnia; with large
swimming second antenne like the latter, and possibly with a pair of stalked eyes.
Cyclus, however, differs from the Cladocera in being flattened dorso-ventrally, and
from the lowest Crustacea in not apparently possessing any true jaw-parts—the
head, with the labrum and mouth, being bent further back than in the living
Entomostraca. These differences may either indicate very lowly characters or
very much specialised ones. ‘Two views suggest themselves :
(1) That these animals were small, free-swimming Phyllopods, with expanded
cephalic shield, swimming second antenne, and biramous limbs, the bases of which
served as masticatory organs, no true jaws having yet been developed; the back-
ward position of the mouth may have been brought about in order to allow as
many appendages as possible to serve as jaws, as is seen in Limulus. Or, possibly,
the beast could attach itself, like a living Daphnia, by a cement-gland on the
dorsal side of the head, in which case it might be an advantage to have the mouth
as near the freer end as possible and close to the swimming legs, which were, by
their movements, producing the foot-currents.
1 «Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh,’ vol. xxx (1883), p. 227, pl. xxviii, figs. 9—9 d.
208 BRITISH PALAOZOIC PHYLLOCARIDA.
(2) The other view is that these animals were ecto-parasitic Phyllopods,
although they had not lost their power of free movement, yet had become special-
ised in the form of their body, which is flattened ventrally and only slightly
convex above, the whole animal being expanded horizontally, unlike most other
Phyllopods. This view might account for the two large round structures seen on
the ventral surface, situated one on either side of the body, and close to the
anterior margin of the shell. These might possibly represent a pair of ventral
suckers, such as are seen in the modern fish-lice; these structures, whatever they
may be, are evidently enormously developed, and possess great muscles, which
produce prominent modifications of the dorsal shield, where they are attached.
The great labrum might possibly represent the suctorial tube of Argulus, under
cover of which are concealed the reduced mandibles, &c.
“Some of the specimens show curious oblique scars on the coxe of the legs,
which may indicate the points of attachment of spines or sete to enable the
parasite to stick to its fishy host.”
Norr on Lebescontia occulta (see pages 203—205).
Mr. John Smith, of Kilwinning, informs us (September 5th, 1899) that the
‘Linn, Dalry,” where he got the remains of Lebescontia occulta, is the “ Linn
Spout, one mile south-west of Dalry,” in the ‘Catalogue of Western-Scottish
Fossils,’ 1876, page 77; and he refers us to the paper on “‘ The Upper Limestone
of North Ayrshire,” by Mr. Robert Craig, of Beith,‘ Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,’
vol. vill, pp. 28—35. At page 32 the “ Upper Linn Limestone ”’ is described, the
section at Linn Spout being—
Feet. Inches.
1. Limestone ; ‘ : : : : 35 0)
2. Shale, very fossiliferous 5 )
8. Limestone ; : il 0)
4, Shale, full of Posidonomya punctatella 0 8
5. Limestone 1 2
6. Shale, indurated . l 3
7. Coal, from 2 feet to ; 5 . ; : 5 O
49 10
The Levdescontia was collected by Mr. J. Smith in the shale, No. 4, abounding
with a fossil shell formerly known as Estheria punctatella, Jones. See the ‘ Trans.
Geol. Soc. Glasgow,’ vol. ii (1867), p. 71, and vol. ix (1891), pp. 85—87. Hence
this shale has been known locally by the inaccurate name of the “ Hstheria-bed.”
It is regarded by some as of estuarine origin.
INDEX.
Synonyms are printed in italies.
PAGE
America, Devonian Phyllopods from North
Aptychopsis ...
angulata
Barrandiana a8,
— var. brevior
cordiformis [anatina]...
glabra ...
Lapworthi
lata
oblata ...
ovata
prima Se
— var. longa
var. secunda
Salteri...
subquadrata
Wilsoni
Argas testudineus
Argus testudineus
Aristozoe
Aspidocaris
Avicuta paradowides ...
192, 193
io D597
110
101
99, 101
103
104.
106
104.
gut
108
... 100
99, 100
99, 100
Belgium, Carboniferous Phyllopods from
Brittany, Silurian Phyllopod from ...
Callizoe
Calyptocaris .,.
Richteriana
striata ...
Canada, Devonian Phyllopods from
Cardiocaris
179, 180
199
Caryocaris
Marrii
Salteri
Wrightii ...
Ceratiocaride
Ceratiocaris
= angusta...
Ceratiocaris aptychoides
attenuata
Ceratiocaris canaliculata
= cassia
Ceratiocaris cassia
Ceratiocaris cassioides
== compta...
— decora ...
Ceratiocaris elliptica...
—- ensis
Ceratiocaris gigas
— gobiformis
Halliana
inornata
Ceratiocaris inornata
Ceratiocaris insperata
lata
Ceratiocaris lata
Ceratiocaris laxa
-- leptodactylus
Ceratiocaris leptodactylus
Ceratiocaris longa
— Ludensis
minuta ...
Murchisoni
Ceratiocaris Murchisoni
of 3
68, 70, 71
5)
26
43
32
47
. 16, 17
14, 20, 22, 24, 26, 30,
WO,
28
210
Ceratiocaris Oretonensis
— papilio ...
Ceratiocaris papilio ...
Ceratiocaris Pardoéana
— patula ...
= perornata
= robusta ...
_ Ruthveniana
—_ Salteriana
Ceratiocaris Salteriana
Ceratiocaris solenoides
— spp.
Ceratiocaris stygia
Ceratiocaris stygia
= truncata
— tyrannus
Ceratiocaris tyrannus
Ceratiocaris valida
Ceratiocaris vesica
Ceratiosolen rectus
Chenocaris ae
_- tenuistriata
— Youngii...
Colpocaris “iss
Congleton edge, sections at
Crescentella ...
Cryptozoe
Cultellus rectus
Cytheropsis
Devonian Phyllopods
Dipterocaris ...
Diseinoearis ... ie
— Browniana
— gigas
— ovalis
— undulata
Dithyrocaris ... ae
Dithyrocaris aptychoides
Dithyrocaris Belli
— breviaculeata ...
— carbonaria
— caudal appendage of ...
— Colei
-= Dunnii
_ funiculata
— gastric teeth of
64,
... Xlv, L54, 1é
178, 183, 189—193
5,285
2,119 |
2, 129,
INDEX.
PAGE |
50 |
35
38
30
46
64
44
49
55
59
52, |
124
22
38
Co
t
Cr
On
bo bw WwW be
IOUS) |
122
121 |
1)
130
118
alee
191
190 |
184 |
163
186 |
158 |
194 |
PAGE
Dithyrocaris glabra ... wes Te «. 136
= granulata ae Sh .. 142
— insignis Aor Aen oe lee
== — var. multijugata ... 162
= Kayseri oy see os Oe
= Kochi. se 500 ..» fot
— lateralis one oF .. 184
Dithyrocaris Murchisoni ... Re ve
Dithyrocaris Neilsoni ae ksi a 8M
— notes on ds ee oo SB
= orbicularis ... re ... 168
— ovalis ... see a as 140
— Scouleri S08 occ Seer
— some fossil allies of ... .«. SD
— SPPse- tie 200 187, 188
_ Dithyrocaris striata ... sist Yes v.22
— tenuistriata ... stn wwe LS
| Dithyrocaris testudinea — ... ee a» 146
Dithyrocaris testudinea 155, 158
_ Dithyrocaris tricornis af. ack 170
— some allies of ... 125, 199
Echinoearis. ... at ee ae a 3
_ Ellipsocaris 2, 95
Elymocaris... wos a a oat 3
| Emmelozoe ... a 3, 68
— erassistriata... a 2 40
= elliptica ... ae car a) oS
= Maccoyiana ... ae sine ee
| — tenuistriata ... ta re ih)
Estheria ss mae Fak Bie ac 3
Gastrie teeth of Dithyrocaris ae .. 194
_ Hartz, Devonian Phyllopods from the 191, 198
Hibbertia _... me es ee we 206
— orbicularis 0 a -». 205
Hymenocaris ... sit oes ves dis
Hymenocaris lata... bac a Rorme (0%33
Hymenocaris lata... ae te sot ae
Hymenocaris major ... oF pate ao) isk!
— — Salteri keine
Hymenocaris vermicauda ... re cae) nen
Illinois, Carboniferous Phyllopods from 189, 190
Kirkbya plicata ie aes ais mao. luce
INDEX.
211
PAGE
Physocaris 3, 66
— vesica . 66
Pinnoearis ae Pamlelug
— Lapworthi 118
Protocaris ... ue se Ao a 2
Pterocaris He 2
Pterygotus leptodactylus 14, 44:
Ptychocaris i 3
— Jaschei ... 193
Redesdale Limestone and Shale, section of
the 176
Rbachura wa — 2
— (Dithyrocaris) venosa 188
| Saalfeld, Devonian Phyllopod from 183
Saccocaris 83
— major 84
— minor ae on “00
Scotland and elsewhere, species of Dithyro-
caris in ... e 125-7
_ Carboniferous horizonsin Western 128
| Sections of the Carboniferous strata at
Congleton Edge .. X1v, L54, 155
| Silurian (Lower) Phyllopod 1G)
Solenocaris 3
| Spathiocaris ... fuego
Table of the Carboniferous horizons in
Scotland... oe LS
— caudal extremities of Dz-
thyrocaris, &¢. 184
— distribution of Dithyrocaris
and allied genera 135
-- gastric teeth of Dithyrocaris 196
— known genera of fossil Phy|-
locarida ... ee peer a3;
-- species of Dithyrocaris 132
— styles and stylets of Dithy-
rocaris 134
Teeth, gastric, of Dithyrocaris 194
Tropocaris... ae 1 ted gis 3
Xiphocaris . 8, 65
ensis 65
PAGE
Leaia .., 3
Lebescontia 198
_ enigmatica 198
= occulta ... 203
Leptocheles leptodactylus 14
— Murchison IS}, 17
Lingulocaris ... a 3, 80
— linguleecomes .. 81
Lingulocaris linguleecomes 81
Lingulocaris Salteriana 82
— siliquiformis 81
— Sp. 83
Lisgocaris ... tes bss oe oe 2
List of the British Paleeozoic Ceratiocaride 13
— fossil species of Dithyrocaris
from Scotland and elsewhere 125
— Paleozoic Phyllocarida described
in Parts I and II Vv
— Palwozoic Phyllocarida described
in Parts III and IV... vii
Mesothyra Belli er
Mesothyra Neptun. ... 192
— oceani 193
Myocaris 3
Nassau, Devonian Phyllopods from 190, 191
Notes on Dithyrocaris 197
Nothozoe 3
Onchus decorus 63
— Murchisoni 16
Orozoe 3
Orthonotella ... 3)
Peltocaris BE a 2) 112) |
— anatina | Marrii] 114 |
— aptychoides 113
Peltocaris aptychovdes 116
Peltocaris Carruthersii 116_
— Harknessi 117
= patula 116
Phasganocaris 3
Pholadocaris ... Si oD .. 2, 95
Phyllocarida ... 4, 6 |
PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C., AND 20, HANOVER SQUARE, W.
PLATE XXVI.
Intustratine THE Masticatory Apparatus or Gastric TEETH oF Dithyrocaris.
See pp. 194—198.
(Figs. 2—8 of natural size. Figs. 1 and 9—44 magnified twice the natural size.)
Fie.
1. Dextral. Copied from ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ 1865, pl. xi, fig. oe Orchard:/(Quathy, Thopaliébaneaee
3. | “ i fig. ov miles from Glasgow, Renfrewshire.
4. Dextral & ie re i
5. ‘ i? fic. re Lower Marine series, Campsie.
Dextral 5 » AS: a } Orchard Quarry, Thornliebank.
; ” ” g.
8. Both Dextral and Sinistral, but not distinct. Copied from ‘ Geol. Mag.,’ 1865, pl. xi, fig. 8.
Lickprivick Quarry, two miles south-west of East Kilbride.
Sinistral. Museum Geological Survey of Scotland, No. 5, F22. Lower Limestone Group.
Cowden’s Quarry, Dunfermline.
ae Sinistral. Museum Geological Survey of Scotland, No. 2, F 22. Lower Limestone Group.
12. f Dolly Quarry, Drumford, Dunfermline.
13.) Dextral
14. | (Base of the tooth ironstone)
British Museum, No. 32, 59,776. Orchard Quarry, Renfrewshire.
a | Dextral
17.\ Sinistral. British Museum, No. 38, 1. 754. Orchard Quarry, Kenfrewshire.
18. { (Base of tooth ironstone.)
19.\ Dextral. British Museum, No. 31, 42,513. Coal-measures, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
20. { (Base of tooth slightly calcareous.)
21. Dextral
22. Dextral, reversed. (Base of tooth calcareous)
23.) Sinistral
24 J (Calcareous base) -Dunn Collection, marked C.12. Redesdale.
26, 2g, | Sinistral
27. Dextral |
8 (?). - Neilson Collection, marked L. Orchard Quarry, Renfrewshire.
29) Sinistral |
30. | Dextral. Neilson Collection, marked K. East Kilbride.
31. J (Calcareous base.)
32. Dextral. Neilson Collection, marked L. Orchard Quarry, Renfrewshire.
33. | Sinistral. (Reddish specimen with non-caleareous base of tooth.) Neilson Collection, marked N.
34. ! Cock-of-Arran Upper Limestone series.
a hee Dunn Collection, marked C.12. Redesdale.
a7 . ¢Dextral
38. f |
39.5 aril Neilson Collection, marked L. Orchard Quarry, Renfrewshire.
40. | extra |
41. Sinistral
12. Sinistral. Yorkshire College Museum, Leeds. Eccup, Yorkshire.
13. Dextral. Neilson Collection, marked M. Encrinital Limestone, Skateraw, Dunbar.
44. Both; sinistral lying on the dextral tooth. Mus. Pract. Geol., 6264. Tyrone or Londonderry.
==
PLATE XXVI,
6 ey
T RJ. direxit Geo.West & Sons lith. et irrp
BRITISH FOSSIL PHYLLOPODA.
PEATE Daal
Fig. 1 a.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp.nov. Postero-ventral portion
of aright-hand valve. x 2. Neilson Collection, marked B. Hast
Kilbride.
Fig. 1 b.— Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. Part of the ornament ; (Page 160.)
of the valve. x 10.
Fig. 1 ¢.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. Part of the ornament
of the valve. x 60.
Fig. 2a.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Natural impression of the
=
postero-ventral portion (with its inturned edge) of the right valve.
Nat. size. Mus. Pract. Geol. Counterpart of Plate XXIV, fig. 1.
Kirktonholme, Kast Kilbride.
Fig. 2b.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Ornament from the sides of
the thin ridge near its junction with the postero-ventral margin.
x 30.
Fig. 2c.—Part of the same. x 50.
Fig. 3 a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. An isolated dorsal crest. Nat.
size. Neilson Collection, marked H. Kirktonholme, Kast Kilbride.
Fig. 36—D. testudinea, Scouler. Part of the ornament.
x 15.
Fig. 4.a.—D. tricornis, Scouler. A nearly perfect carapace of a
small individual. Nat. size. Neilson Coll., marked F. Hast Kilbride.
4.b.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Side view. |
4.¢.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Front view. x d+.
4 d.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Hind view. |
ig. 4e.—D. tricornis, Scouler. Ornament at the dorsal and
juxtadorsal ridges. x 30.
Fig. 5.—D. Colei, Portlock. A small specimen. Nat. size. Mus. Pract.
Geol., 6260. Londonderry. (Page 168.)
PLATE XXVII
30
qa
X30
x15
Geo. West & Sons lith. et imp.
T.RJ. direxat
FOSSIL PHYLLOPODA.
BRITISH
PAE xex Vane
Fig. la.—Dithyrocaris testudinea, Scouler. 15,
Fig, 2.—D. testudinea, Scouler. The hinder portion of a right valve.
x 24. Neilson Collection, marked C. East Kilbride. (Page 151.)
Fig. 3a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Posterior fragment of a left-
hand valve. Xx 3. Neilson Collection, marked H. Hast Kilbride. 7 (Page 152.)
Fig. 3 b.—Ornament of the mesolateral ridge. x 80.
Fig. 4.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Left valve, deformed by pressure. Xx 24.
Mus. Geol. Surv. Scotl., F 22, No. 10. Lickprivick, two miles south-west of
Hast Kilbride. (Page 152.)
Fig. 5a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Natural impression of the
(Page 151.
outside of the two valves of an open carapace, together with a part
of the inturned ventral edge. Mus. Sc. Art Edin., No. 10. Hast
Kilbride. (Page 152.)
Fig. 5b.—Part of the ornament of the valve as seen in the
impression near the ventral margin, and the straight-lined sculpture
of the inturned edge. X 10.
Fig. 5¢c.—Part of the ornament of the valve (amperfect), giving
casts of small pits. x 50.
PLATE XXVIII.
lith. et imp
Sons
Geo West &
T.R.J, direxit.
BRITISH FOSSIL PHYLLOPODA.
PLATE XXIX.
Fig. 1—Dithyrocaris Dunnii, sp. nov. A trifid tail, imperfect. Nat. size. Mus. Geol. Surv.,
Scotland, FS. No.17. Larriston Burn. (Page 186.)
Fig. 2.—-D. Dunniit. M.G.S.Se., F ¥, No. 19. Harebow Hill Quarry, Penton, Cannobie.
Part of a caudal trifid. Nat. size. (Page 186.)
Fig. sap Neilsoni, sp. nov. Caudal appendages. Nat. size. ca (Page 187.)
Fie. 38
is @ Collection, marked K. East Kilbride.
Fig. 3¢
Fig. 4.—Rhaehura (Dithyrocaris?) venosa, Scudder. Copied from ‘ Proe. Boston Soc. N. H..,’
vol. xix, pl. ix, fig. 8. Caudal appendages, ventral aspect. Nat. size. Coal-measures, Illinois.
(Page 188.)
Fig. 5 a.—Dithyrocaris carbonaria, Meek and Worthen. Copied from ‘Geol. Surv. IIl.,’ vol. v,
pl. xxxii, fig. 1 a. Caudal appendages, ventral aspect. 1a. Coal-measures, Illinois. Nat. size.
(Page 190.)
Fig. 56.—D. carbonaria. Sectional area of thick part of the stylet (part of fig. 1 a).
Fig. 6.—D. carbonaria. Caudal appendages, dorsal aspect. Copied from M. and W.’s fig. 18.
Fig. 7.—D. Kochi, Ludwig. Copied from ‘Paleontogr.,’ vol. xi, pl. 1, fig. 1a. Devonian,
Herborn, Dillthal, Nassau. Caudal appendages. Dorsal aspect. Nat. size. (Page 191.)
Fig. 8.—D. Kochi. Copied from Ludwig’s fig. 1. Caudal appendage. Ventral aspect. Nat.
size. Devonian, Herborn. (Page 191.)
Fig. 9.—D. breviaculeata, Ludwig. Copied from ‘ Paleontogr.,’ vol. xi, pl. 1, fig. 2. Caudal
appendage. Ventral aspect. Devonian, Butzbach, Nassau. (Page 191.)
Fig. 10a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. An ultimate abdominal segment. Dorsal
aspect. Neilson Collection. J. Hast Kilbride. x 3.
Fig. 10 6.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ventral aspect. x 3.
Fig. 10 e.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Sectional area. x 3.
Fig. 11 a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ventral aspect. x 3.
Fig. 11 6.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ornament. x 100.
Fig. 12 a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Dorsal aspect. x 3.
Fig. 12 6.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ventral aspect. xX 3. (Page 158.)
Fig. 12¢.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Sectional area. x 3.
Fig. 12 d.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ornament. x 20.
Fig, 138 a.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Dorsalaspect. x 3.
Fig. 13 6.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Ventral aspect. x 3.
Fig. 13 c.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Sectional area. x 3.
Fig. 14.—D. testudinea, Scouler. Diagram of the lines on the outside of an
ultimate abdominal segment; the dorsal lines dark and the ventral lines dotted. x 3.
Fig. 15 a.—Ptychocaris ? Jaschei (Romer). Copied from ‘ Paleontogr.,’ vol. vy,
pl. ii, figs. 13a—c. Fragment. Nat. size. Devonian, Klosterholz, Hartz.
Fig. 15 6.—Outline of the sectional area.
Fig. 15c.—Magnified part of the ornament. (Page 193.)
Fiz. 16 a.—Copied from (Kayser) ‘Abhandl. Kart. Preuss.,’ vol. 11, Heft 4, pl. i,
figs. 13, 13a. Fragment. Nat. size.
Fig. 16 b.—Sectional area.
PLAT EH XXIX.
Xx 100
Goo.West & Sons lith.et irmp
T.RJ. direxit
BRITISH FOSSIL PHYLLOPODA.
—
PLATE XXX.
These specimens are all from the Lower Carboniferous Series near Eccup, Yorkshire, and are in
the Museum of the Yorkshire College at Leeds.*
Fig. 1.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. The inside aspect of a part of a
right valve, or impress of its outside. (The uppermost of the two specimens on
the slab of shale.) Nat. size. Yorkshire College Museum, Leeds. No. 38a.
(Page 161.)
Fig. 2a.—The outer aspect of an imperfect left valve. (On the same slab as
fig. 1.) Nat. size. (Page 161.)
Fig. 2b.—Part of the dorsal ridge of fig. 2a, taken at a little above the middle.
x 5. (Page 161.)
Fig. 3 a.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp.nov. A nearly perfect carapace. Nat. size.
Yorkshire Coll. Mus., No. 444; counterpart of No. 443. (Page 161.)
Fig. 36.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. The posterior termination of the
dorsal ridge. XX 5. (Page 161.)
Fie. 3¢.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. Part of the ornament at the anterior
ventral region of the right valve. Xx 10. (Page 161.)
Fig. 3d.—Dithyrocaris insigis, sp. nov. Part of the ornament of the mid-
ventral region. Xx 50. (Page 161.)
Mig. 3 e.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp.nov. Part of the ornament of the postero-
ventral region. Xx 10. (Page 161.)
Fig, 4a.—Dithyrocaris imsignis, sp. nov. An imperfect carapace of a small
individual. Nat. size. Yorkshire Coll. Mus., Leeds, No. 398. (Page 161.)
Fig. 4b.—Dithyrocaris insignis, sp. nov. Part of the ornament of Fig. 4a
on the ventral region just within the marginal fringe. x 15. (Page 161.)
* The ultimate disposition of these interesting specimens from the Lower Carboniferous strata at
Eecup is not yet known. Some may be deposited in the Yorkshire College at Leeds, and others in
the British Museum and the Museum of Practical Geology.
Some that were collected by Prof. P. F. Kendall, F.G.S., referred to in Pl. XXYV, figs. 1—5, page
159, have been presented to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road.
TB, direxiz.
BRITISH FOSSIL PHYLLOPODA.
PATE Xe,
Fig. 1.—Dithyrocaris testudinea, Scouler. Part of the ornament of Pl. XIX,
fig. 8, showing pores. xX 40. British Museum, I 109, No. 21. (Page 147.)
Fig. 2.—D. testudinea. Part of the ornament of Pl. XXI, fig. 3, showing
intermediate striation. X50. Mus. Edinb., No. 13. (Page 149.)
Fig. 3.—D. testudinea. Part of the ornament of Pl. XXI, fig. 6, showing pits.
X 40. Mus. Hdinb., No. 12. (Page 150.)
Fig. 4a.—D, testudinea, Scouler. Chima
Thickness 3°
99
Or
NUCULANA. re
Affinities. —This species is much smaller and less inequilateral than N. sca-
phoides (Pictet and Campiche). For its relations to N. scapha (d’Orbigny),
N. lineata (Sowerby), and N. angulata (Sowerby), see pp. 4, 7, 8.
Types.—I have not seen the type. The specimens figured by Gardner are in
the British Museum.
Distribution.—Lower Gault (zones ii, and iv to vii) of Folkestone. Gardner
records it also from the Folkestone Beds and the Upper Gault.
NUCULANA LINEATA (Sowerby), 1836. Plate I, figs. 28 a, b, 29, 30, 31 a—d, 32 a—e.
1836. Nucuna mingata, J. de C. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p. 342, pl. xvii, fig. 9.
1850. Lepa tingata, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 159.
1854. Nucuna tingata, J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
1868. Lepa tineara, 4. Briart and F. L. Cornet. Descript. Mineralog., Géol.,
et Pal. de la Meule de Bracquegnies (Mém.
Cour. et Mém. des Say. étrangers, vol. xxxiv),
p. 63, pl. vi, figs. 8, 9.
1884, — ~- J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 186,
pl. iv, figs. 13—16 (7 14).
1884. — scapHa, Gardner. Ibid., p. 188 (partim), pl. v, figs. 21, 22?
Non 1837. Nvcuta tineata, A. Goldfuss. Petref. Germ., vol. ii, p. 153, pl. exxiv,
fig. 17 (from the St. Cassian Beds).
— 1841. — — G. Minster. Petrefactenkunde, pt. iv, p. 83, pl.viii, fig. 9.
— 1875. Lepa ineara, J. F. Blake. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxi, p. 228,
pl. xii, fig. 12 (from the Kimmeridgian) ;
vol. xxxvi (1880), p. 235.
Description.—Shell small, oval, elongate, somewhat compressed, rounded
anteriorly, pointed posteriorly ; posterior part a little longer than the anterior.
Ventral margin slightly curved. Umbones not very prominent. Lunule often
indistinct. Escutcheon lanceolate. Surface ornamented with well-marked con-
centric ribs, which disappear or become indistinct near the postero-dorsal and
antero-dorsal extremities: some of the ribs cut the ventral margin obliquely near
its posterior end. Margins smooth.’ Teeth numerous, slightly bent.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length . ; Oe » 10. =, >) 3) mm
Height . : te = tebe: sa FAG Ee
Thickness : — . Oe a jet e35 mae
Affinities.—In this species the ribs are coarser and fewer, and the posterior
part of the shell is less sharply pointed and less compressed, than in N. Marizx
1 Gardner says “ the lip is strongly crenated internally.” I have seen no indication of this in
any specimen.
8 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
(d’Orbigny). For the relation of this to N. scapha (d’Orbigny) and N. phaseolina
(Michelin), see pp. 4, 9.
Remarks.—Specimens referred to N. scapha (d’Orbigny) by Gardner (vide
ante, p. 4), and stated to come from the Lower Greensand of Atherfield,
probably belong to this species. One example is figured on PI. I, fig. 32.
Types.—The types, and also the specimens figured by Gardner, are in the
Bristol Museum.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand (zone x); Greensand of Haldon (fide
Downes); Grey Chalk of Dover (fide Gardner).
Nucutana ancuLata (Sowerby), 1824. Plate I, figs. 33 a—c, 34a, b, 35a—d.
1824. Nucuta anauLata, J. de C. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. v, p. 120,
pl. eccelxxvi, fig. 5.
1850. Lepa aneurara, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 159.
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 205.
1866. — — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4),
pt. 8, p. 401.
1884. — -= J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 188,
pl. iv, figs. 17—19.
Description.—Shell small, more or less oval or triangular, moderately convex ;
somewhat rounded anteriorly, poimted posteriorly. Ventral margin regularly
curved, but slightly sinuous posteriorly. Umbones prominent, incurved; a ridge
extends from each umbo both anteriorly and posteriorly, limiting two depressed
areas. Ornamentation consists of fine concentric ribs. Anterior and posterior
portions of the hinge-line of nearly equal length; teeth narrow, elongate.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length . ; 5) : 5 : 4 mm.
Height. ; A, ‘ ayer) F Oo: 5,
Thickness : 3 : 3 ; Doe.
(2) is one of Sowerby’s types.
Affinities.—This species is similar to N. Marie (d’Orbigny), but is smaller,
more conyex, with the posterior part of the shell usually less elongated, and
the umbones more prominent.
Types.—In the British Museum. The specimens figured by Gardner are in
the Bristol Museum.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand.
NUCULANA. 9
NUCULANA PHASEOLINA (Michelin), 1836. Plate II, figs. 1 a—d, 2a, b, 3.
1836. Nuvcuta pHasrouina, H. Michelin. Mém. Soc. Géol. France, vol. iii,
p- 102, pl. xii, fig. 6.
1844. SUBRECURVA, A. d’Orbigny (non Phillips). Pal. Frang. Terr.
Crét., vol. iii, p. 170, pl. ccci, figs. 7—11.
1850. Lepa susrecurva, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 136.
1866. — puHasroLIna, F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét.
des Envir. de Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal.
Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 401.
1884, — _— J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. xl,
p. 185, pl. iu, figs. 22—24 (pl. v,
figs. 26—29 P).
Description.—Shell oval, rather high, convex, nearly equilateral; anterior
extremity broadly rounded ; posterior somewhat pointed and slightly compressed ;
ventral margin nearly parallel to the dorsal. Umbones prominent. Lunule
indistinctly defined. Escutcheon oval, deep, not sharply limited posteriorly.
Surface ornamented with numerous fine, close-set, concentric ribs, which are
indistinct or absent on the posterior part of the shell; a few of the later ribs cut
the postero-ventral margin obliquely.
Measurements :
Length . : 5 : : : 10°5 mm.
Height : : : ; ; : Cage
Thickness . : ; : ‘ Ue ee
Affinities —This species is similar to N. lineata (Sowerby), but is more equi-
lateral, relatively shorter, more rounded at the extremities, and the ornamentation
is finer.
Nuculana Neckeriana (Pictet and Roux) is larger and more convex than
N. phaseolina, and is apparently ornamented with lines of growth only.
Remarks.—Michelin’s figure and description are very unsatisfactory, and the
characters of his species can only be determined from the works of later writers
and from specimens in French collections. The average size of the French speci-
mens appears to be greater than that of the English.
Types.—I have not seen the type. D’Orbigny’s specimens are in the Museum
of Natural History, Paris. Gardner’s specimens are in the British Museum.
Distribution.— Lower Gault of Folkestone.
10 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Noucunana Vizprayuana (d’Orbigny), 1844. Plate II, figs. 4a—ec, 5a, b, 6—9.
1844, Nucuna Visrayeana, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iti,
p. 172, pl. ecci, figs. 12—14.
1850. Lepa Visraynana, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 186.
1852. Nucuna Visrayeana, F. J. Pictet and W. Roux. Moll. foss. Grés vert
de Genéve, p. 471, pl. xxxix, fig. 2.
1861. — SUBELLIPTICA, H. G. Seeley. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,
vol. vii, p. 120, pl. vi, fig. 4.
1861. — RHOMBOIDEA, Seeley. Ibid., p. 120, pl. vi, fig. 5.
1866. Lxzpa Visrayeana, Ff, J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4),
pt. 3, pp. 399, 401, pl. exxix, figs. 5, 6.
1884. — —_ J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl,
p- 187, pl. ii, figs. 17, 18, 25; pl. iv, figs.
26, 27.
Description.—Shell oval, rounded, convex centrally, compressed at the extre-
mities, nearly equilateral, but with the posterior part slightly longer than the
anterior ; extremities rounded. Ventral margin considerably curved at the median
part. Antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal margins with a considerable ventral
slope from the umbo. Umbones not prominent. Lunule indistinct. Escutcheon
lanceolate. Surface smooth. Margins smooth. Anterior adductor impression
somewhat quadrate; the posterior a little smaller and more rounded. Pallial
line slightly sinuous posteriorly.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
iiength % “lo 55. “one ee ae Oe ‘Oo mm.
Herght: .. 12 . 1075 Si. WO. eS ae ome
Thickness... 8° 14 16" 9G. ) 610 Oo 4:5 3
be)
Affinities.—See under N. Seeleyi, Gardner (p. 5).
Remarks.—As was pointed out by Gardner, Seeley’s N. subelliptica (Pl. II,
fig. 9), and N. rhomboidea from the Cambridge Greensand, are simply internal
casts of N. Vibrayeana.
Types.—I was unable to find the type in the d’Orbigny Collection at the
Museum of Natural History, Paris. The types of N. subelliptica, Seeley, and
N. rhomboidea, Seeley, are in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge. The
examples figured by Gardner are in the British Museum.
Distribution. —Lower Gault (zones v, vii, and viii) of Folkestone ; Cambridge
Greensand (derived).
NUCULANA., 11
3. Chalk Species.
Noucurana, sp., cf. stniqua (Goldfuss). Plate II, figs. 10a, b.
1837. Nucuta siztrqua, A. Goldfuss. Petref. Germ., vol. ii, p. 156, pl. exxy, fig. 13.
1846. — — 4d. E. Reuss. Die Verstein. der béhm. Kreideformat.,
Pid; paie-upl. cmv, te. tl.
1850. Lupa srnigua, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. 11, p. 236.
1877, = — A. Fritsch. Stud. im Gebiete der bohm. Kreideformat.
ii. Die Weissenberger und Malnitzer Schichten,
p. 117, fig. 18.
1885. Nucvunana siniqua, #. Nétling. Die Fauna der baltisch. Cenoman.-
Geschiebe (Paleont. Abhandl., vol. 11, pt. iv), p. 27,
pl. iv, fig. 15.
1889. Nucua sinigua, O. Griepenkerl. Die Verstein. der Senon. Kreide von
Konigslutter (Paleont. Abhandi., vol. iv), p. 57.
1889. Lepa sitigua, #. Holzapfel. Die Mollusken der Aachener Kreide (Pale-
ontographica, vol. xxxv), p. 203.
1892. — — F. Vogel. Verhand). der naturh. Ver der preuss. Rheinl.,
&c., vol. xlix, p. 73.
1893. — — A. Fritsch. Stud. im Gebiete der bohm. Kreideformat. v.
Priesener Schichten, p. 92.
1895. — — F, Vogel. Die holland. Kreide, p. 37.
1897. Nucutana, cf. strrqgua, H. Woods. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. liii,
p. 378.
Non 1842. Nucuta striqgua, H. B. Geinitz. Char. d. Schichten u. Petref. d. sichs.-
bohm. Kreidegeb., pt. 1, p. 77, pl. xx, figs. 28, 29.
Remarks.—There are two specimens in the Montagu Smith Collection (Wood-
wardian Museum), which agree well with the figures of N. siliqua given by
Goldfuss and Reuss—especially the latter ; but since, like the figured specimens,
they are in the form of casts, it is difficult to be sure of their identity. This
form may perhaps belong to the sub-genus Perrisonota, Conrad.’
Measurements :
Length : ; ; . 16 mm. (approximate).
Height : : ‘ : : oer
Type.—The type comes from the Aachen Greensand.
Distribution.—Chalk Rock (Reussianum-zone) of Cuckhamsley.
1 “American Journal of Conchology,’ vol. v (1869), p. 98, pl. ix, fig. 24.
12 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Family—NUCULIDA, Gray.
Genus—Nocuta, Lamarck, 1799.
(‘ Mém. Soe. Hist. Nat. Paris,’ p. 87.)
1. Lower Cretaceous Species.
Nucuna pLanata, Deshayes, 1842. Plate II, figs. 11 a, b, 12 a, b, 18, 144, b, 15.
1829. Nucuna ovata, J. Phillips (non Mantell). Geol. Yorks., pt. 1, pl. ii,
1866.
1884.
fig. 10, p. 122.
PLANATA, G. P. Deshayes. In A. Leymerie, Mém. Soc. Géol. de
France, vo). v, p. 7, pl. ix, figs. 3, 4.
optusa, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 163,
pl. ece, figs. 1—5 (named WV. planata
on pl. cece).
ImpREssa, F. J. Pictet and HE. Renevier. Foss. du Terr. Aptien
de la Perte du Rhone, &c. (Matér.
Pal. Suisse, ser. 1), p. 108, pl. xv,
figs. 5, 6.
puanaTa, Ff. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Moll. Foss. du Terr.
Crét. de Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal.
Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, pp. 404, 417,
pl. exxix, fig. 7.
— J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 126,
pl. v, figs. 1—4.
Description.—Shell oval; short and angular posteriorly, high and rounded
anteriorly; ventral margin considerably curved. Postero-dorsal margin nearly
straight. Lunule elongate, bounded by a blunt carina. Shell depressed in front
of the umbones. A faint ridge extends from the umbones anteriorly. Surface
with lines of growth only.
Measurements :
Length
Height .
Thickness
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
o7 20: , 145) 2 16:58 5 deka
175. 2 14°. 10" eee
oA
— = « ©0o.4-==. a2
1—3 are from Speeton; 4 and 5 from Atherfield.
1 In the genus Nucula I regard the posterior dorsal area as the lunule, and the anterior dorsal as
the escutcheon, since, except in position, they agree precisely with the lunule and escutcheon of other
genera. In this matter I am in accord with Sylvanus Hanley (Mon. “ Nuculide,” in Sowerby’s
‘Thesaurus Conchyliorum,’ vol. iii [1866], p. 147, foot-note).
NUCULA. 13
Affinities.—The characters in which this species differs from N. ovata, Mantell,
are—(1) the greater curvature of the ventral margin, (ii) the angular form of
the posterior end of the shell, (11) the absence of the constriction at the ventral
margin, (iv) the absence of the sinuosity at the postero-ventral angle, (v) the usually
more distinctly limited lunule. The characters i, 1, and v also serve to separate
N. planata from N. obtusa, Sowerby. In N. impressa, Sowerby, the shell is
smaller and relatively shorter, and the lunule more depressed and relatively wider
than in N. planata. N. Cornueliana, d’Orbigny,* appears to me to be very closely
allied to, if not identical with, NV. planata, and is regarded by Pictet and Campiche
as simply a variety of NV. planata ; they state that it differs from the latter in being
proportionately thicker, and in having the anterior part of the shell shorter, so
that the apical angle is a little smaller. In N. simplex, Deshayes, the posterior
part is much shorter than in N. planata. :
Types.—I have not seen the type. There are examples in the d’Orbigny
Collection in the Museum of Natural History, Paris. Specimens figured by
Gardner are in the Woodwardian Museum, and in Mr. Meyer’s Collection. A
specimen which is regarded as the original of Phillips’s N. ovata is preserved in
the York Museum.
Distribution.—Speeton Clay (C 8 and D 4) ; Crackers of Atherfield ; Perna bed
of Redcliff, Isle of Wight.
Noouta, sp. Plate II, figs. 16 a, b, 17.
1884. Nucuta Cornurntana, J. S. Gardner (non d’Orbigny). Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 129, pl. v, figs. 5, 6 (non 8—10).
Description.—Shell oval, rather convex, smooth except for growth-lines. Pos-
terior part short. Anterior extremity rounded. Postero-dorsal margin nearly
straight, forming with the ventral margin almost a right angle. Ventral margin
slightly curved. Lunule distinct, elongate.
Measurements :
Length : ; é 17 mm.
Height : : ; : ae
Thickness (approximate) . ; 1
1 D’ Orbigny, ‘ Pal. France. Terr. Crét.,’ vol. 111(1844), p. 165, pl. cece, figs. 6—10. De Loriol,‘ Anim.
Invert. Foss. du Mte. Saléve’ (1861), p. 84, pl. x, fig. 6. Pictet and Campiche, “ Foss. du Terr. Crét.
Ste. Croix” (‘ Mater. Pal. Suisse,’ ser. 4), pt. iii, p. 406, pl. exxix, fig. 8. Non J. 8S. Gardner, ‘ Quart.
Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. xl (1884), p. 129, pl. v, figs. 5—10.
14 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Affinities.—This form was referred by Gardner to N. Cornueliana, d’Orbigny,
but it differs from that in (1) the lesser curvature of the ventral margin; (2) the
longer postero-dorsal margin; (3) the greater ventral slope of the antero-dorsal
margin. It appears to me to be allied to N. simplex, Deshayes,’ but at present I
am unable to speak definitely of its affinities.
_ Distribution.—Claxby Ironstone (zone of Bel. lateralis) of Benniworth Haven ;
Lower Greensand of Potton.
Nocuta Lampuuest, sp. nov. Plate II, figs. 18 a,b, 19.
Description.— Shell oval, relatively short, rather convex in the umbonal region,
but somewhat compressed and tapering anteriorly ; extremities rounded. Ventral
margin gently curved. Umbones of moderate size. Lunule oval, not sharply
limited. Surface of shell smooth except for lines of growth.
Measurements :
(1) (2)
Length : : 22 : 17 mm.
Height ; ‘ 16 ; 3 13 Sy
Thickness 2 iu ; : 9
i 39
Affinities. —This species is relatively shorter, more rounded posteriorly, and has |
its lunule less distinctly limited than N. planata, Deshayes. It is relatively higher
in the umbonal region and tapers more anteriorly than N. ovata, Mantell.
Types.—In Mr. Lamplugh’s Collection.
Distribution.—Speeton Clay (D 4) of Speeton.
Nvcuta, sp. Plate II, figs. 20 a—d.
1884. Ntcura stmpxex, J. 8S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. x], p. 129,
pl. v, figs. 11—13.
Description.—Shell small, triangular, smooth, somewhat compressed. Um-
bones small. Apical angle small. Lunule distinct. Posterior part of shell very
1 «Mém. Soe. Geol. de France,’ vol. v (1842), pl. ix, fig. 5, p. 7. D’Orbigny, ‘ Pal. Frane. Terr.
Crét.,’ vol. iii (1843), p. 166, pl. cee, figs. 11—15. Pictet and Campiche,“ Foss. du Terr. Crét. de Ste.
Croix” (‘ Matér. Pal. Suisse,’ ser. 4), pt. iii, p. 407. Non Gardner, ‘ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. x]
(1884), p. 129, pl. v, figs. 11—13.
NUCULA. 15
short. Anterior extremity rounded. Antero-dorsal margin slightly curved.
Postero-dorsal margin short, nearly straight. Ventral margin gently curved.
Measurements :
Length : : : : ‘ 7 mm.
Height : ; : : DO es
Thickness . : : 3°20
be)
Remarks.—There are a few specimens of this small species in the British
Museum and one or two in Mr. Meyer’s Collection. One in the British Museum
was figured by Gardner as N. simplex, Deshayes, but it seems to me to be distinct
from that form—it is smaller, much more triangular, and has a smaller apical
angle. Until a larger series of specimens has been obtained I do not feel
justified in giving this form a distinctive name.
Distribution.—Lower Greensand of Atherfield and Shanklin.
Nucuta Mrvzrt, Gardner, 1884. Plate II, figs. 21 a—e.
1884. Nocuta MnYert, J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 180,
pl. v, figs. 14—16.
Remarks.—This form is at present very imperfectly known. It is small,
triangular, and high; with lines of growth, and a large lunule. Gardner states
that “it is most nearly allied to N. impressa of Blackdown,” but it seems to be
almost indistinguishable from N. antiquata, Sowerby.
Measurements :
(1) (2)
Length : ° 8:5 . ; 8°5 mm,
Height : 8 : ; 7
1 is the type specimen ; 2 is from Redcliff.
Types.—In the British Museum.
Distribution.—Lower Greensand of Atherfield; Perna-bed of Redecliff.
16
CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
2. Gault and Upper Greensand Species.
Noucuna protinata, Sowerby, 1818. Plate II, figs. 22, 23 a—c, 24—26, 27 a—c;
Non
1884.
1897.
1546.
1850.
Plate III, figs. 18 a, b.
Nvcuna Prectinata, J. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. ii, p. 209, pl. excii,
figs. 6, 7.
G. Mantell. Foss. 8S. Downs, p. 94, pl. xix, figs. 5,
G9:
H. Michelin. Mém. Soc. Géol. de France, vol. iii,
p- 102.
A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. ii, p. 177,
pl. ceciii, figs. 8—14.
— Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 188.
F. J. Pictetand W. Roux. Moll. foss. des Gres verts
de Geneve, p. 472, pl. xxxix, fig. 3.
J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
G. Cotteau. Moll. Foss. de l’Yonne, p. 84.
PoRTLANDIA PECTINATA, J. G. Chenu. Man. de Conchy]l., &c., vol. ii, p. 180,
fig. 907.
Nvcuta pectinata, &. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét.
de Ste. Croix (Mater. Pal. Suisse, ser.
4), pt. 3, pp. 413, 418, pl. cexxix,
fig. 13.
J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. xl,
p. 182, pl. iui, figs. 15, 16.
Rk. B. Newton. Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Antiq.
Field Club, vol. xviii, p. 90.
A, HE. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bdhm Kreideformat.,
pt. 2, p. 5, pl. xxxiv, figs. 1—5.
H. B. Geinitz. Das Quadersandstgeb. oder Kreidegeb.
in Deutschland, p. 160.
A, Alth. Geog.-pal. Beschrieb. der naichst. Umgeb.
von Lemberg. Haidinger’s Naturw. Ab-
handl., vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 171.
HE. Eichwald. Lethea Rossica, vol. ii, p. 586, pl. xxii,
fig. 17.
FE. Schmidt. Resultate du Mammuthexpedition.! Mém.
de |’Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Peétersb., ser. 7,
vol. xviii, No. 1, p. 152, pl. u, fig. 6.
H. B. Geinitz. Das Elbthalgeb. in Sachsen (Palzonto-
graphica, vol. xx), pt. 2, p. 57, pl. xvii, figs. 8—5.
A. Fritsch. Stud. im Geb. der bohm Kreideformat.
ii. Die Weissenberg. und Maluitz. Schichten, p. 117,
fig. 79.
NUCULA. 7
? Non 1852. Nucuna pectinara, R. Kner. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-
nat. Cl., vol. 111, p. 312.
— 1885. — — F. Nétling. Die Fauna der baltisch. Cenomange- ,
schiebe (Paleont. Abhandl., vol. ii,
pt. 4), p. 27, pl. iv, fig. 12.
— 1889. — — A. Fritsch. Stud. im Geb. der béhm. Kreideformat.
iil. Die Teplitzer Schichten, p. 78.
— 1898. = _ ~- Ibid. vy. Priesener Schichten, p. 91.
— 1897. — — A. Hennig. Revis. af Lamellibr. i Nilsson’s ‘ Petrif.
Suecana,’ p. 58, pl. iu, fig. 30.
Description.—Shell thick, triangular or somewhat rhomboidal ; convex, slightly
compressed anteriorly ; antero-dorsal border long, slightly convex; postero-dorsal
much shorter and concave; ventral margin curved, the are of the curve often
increasing towards the anterior extremity. Posterior extremity angular; anterior
rounded or shghtly angular. Umbones prominent, curved inwards and posteriorly ;
usually placed rather near the posterior end of the shell. Lunule deeply depressed,
broad, cordate, flattened, smooth except for growth-lines ; escutcheon long, nearly
smooth except for growth-lines. Surface ornamented with numerous (usually
50 to 52) radiating and rounded ribs, separated by narrower grooves; the
grooves, and sometimes also the ribs (especially on the earher portion of the
shell), are crossed by numerous growth-lines. There are often also a few distant
concentric depressions. A small rib is placed in the grooves of some of the larger
specimens. ‘Teeth: anterior about 22, posterior about 9. Adductor impressions
deep, near the margins; the anterior a little larger than the posterior. Margins
of valves rather coarsely crenulated.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Length . , : 2 ee) vert 26°5 20. 7 mui.
Postero-dorsal margin. oP Ray FE ales) 12 BB BOSSI np
Antero-dorsal margin. 5 ay Sele Dies SS «glee wae eee
Height . > As fe ROY 3 My 2 Paloma aslo
‘hickness : 2 : oo —— 15 aired UP ee oto ae
—
/
Affinities. —This species is distinguished from N. tenera, Miller,’ and N. pul-
villus, Miller,’ of the Aachen Greensand by its coarser ornamentation, its greater
length, broader lunule, &¢. From N. arduennensis, d’Orbigny, it is said to differ
in the deep lunule and the strong ribs.
Remarks.—Vhe specimens from the Plinerkalk of Hundorf, &c., and the
Planermergel of Luschitz, &c., which are referred to this species by Reuss, are
relatively shorter, and the umbones more acute; the examples figured by that
1 J. Miller, ‘Mon. der Petrefact. der Aachen Kreidef.,’ pt. i (1847), p.17, pl. ii, fig. 1. E.
Holzapfel, ‘‘ Moll. der Aachen Kreide” (‘ Paleontographica,’ xxxv, 1889), p. 200, pl. xxi, figs. 9—12.
2 Miiller, ibid., Supplement (1859), p. 11, pl. vii, fig.11. Holzapfel, ibid., p. 201, pl. xxi, figs. 7, 8.
3
18 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
author are apparently all casts, so that an exact comparison cannot be made.
Geinitz considers that specimens which he obtained from the Planerkalk of
Strehlen and Weinbéhla, and from the Plinermergel of Walkmiihle near Pirna,
belong to N. pectinata ; but they appear to differ from the English specimens in
that the posterior part of the shell is rounded and relatively longer.
The variations seen in different examples of this species are chiefly in the
proportions of length and breadth, and in the form of the curve of the ventral
margin, the latter giving to the shell a triangular or a rhomboidal outline.
N. striatula, Romer,' N. truncata, Nilsson,’ and N. Blochmanni, Geinitz,*> have
been regarded by Geinitz and Reuss as identical with N. pectinata, Sowerby.
Types.—The types, now in the British Museum, are labelled ‘‘ Sussex.” The
specimens figured by Mantell (except fig. 5) and those figured by Gardner are
likewise preserved in the British Museum.
Distribution.—Through all the zones of the Gault at Folkestone; Gault of
Burham, Aylesford, Black Ven, Devizes, Campton (East Bedfordshire), Ely and
Haddenham (Cambs.); Marls with Bel. minimus at Speeton; Upper Greensand
of Warminster (cast only seen).
Nucuta pecrinata, Sowerby, var. crere, Gardner, 1884. Plate III, figs. 14a, b, 15.
1884. Nucuna PECTINATA, var. CRETA, J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
vol. xl, p. 182.
Remarks.—This form appears to differ from N. pectinata, Sowerby, only in
being proportionately shorter. The surface of the shell, in the two specimens
which I have seen, is somewhat abraded, but I do not think that the ornamentation
differs from that of N. pectinata.
Without more examples I am unable to say whether this form is really distinet
from N. pectinata.
Measurements :
Length . ; 15 mm.
Height . : : : 1 ys
Thickness. ; ; : : : ey
Types.—In the Museum of Practical Geology (Nos. 6449, 6450).
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand.*
' «Die Verstein. der norddeutsch. Kreidegeb.’ (1841), p. 68, pl. vili, fig. 26 (the type comes
from the Plinerkalk of Strehlen).
2 *Petrif. Suecana’ (1827), p. 16, pl. v, fig. 6.
8 «Char. der Schicht. u. Petref. d. sachs. Kreidegeb.,’ pt. ii (1840), p. 50, pl. x, fig. 8.
+ Erroneously stated by Gardner to come from the Grey Chalk of Devon.
NUCULA. 19
Sub-genus—Acita, H. and A. Adams, 1858.
(‘ Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ vol. ii, p. 545.)
Nvovra (Acina) sivircata, Sowerby, 1836. Plate III, figs. 1, 2a—e, 3, 4, 5 a—c,
6—12.
1836. Nucuta Bivireata, J. de C. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p. 335, pl. xi, fig. 8.
1844. — — A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Franc. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 176.
pl. ceciii, figs. 1—7.
1844. — ORNATISSIMA, @’Orbigny. Ibid., p. 175, pl. cccii, figs. 9—12.
1854. — Bivineata, J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
1854. — ornatissima, Morris. Ibid., p. 217.
1855. — BIVIRGATA, G. Cotteau. Moll. Foss. de l’Yonne, p. 84.
1866. = -- F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét.
de Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3,
p. 418.
1866, — ORNATISSIMA, Pictet and Campiche. Ibid., p. 418.
1875. — BIvirGATA, A. J. Jukes-Browne. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol.
Xxxi, p. 299, pl. xv, figs. 4—8.
1884. -— — J. 8S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. xl,
p- 182, pl. iui, figs. 12—14; pl. iv,
figs. 20—22.
Description.—Shell oval, convex, angular posteriorly, rounded anteriorly.
Antero-dorsal margin slightly convex, postero-dorsal concave. Ventral margin
evenly curved. Lunule cordate, depressed, ornamented with transverse ribs;
central part elevated. Hscutcheon narrow, elongate, not sharply limited, orna-
mented with ribs. Surface of shell ornamented with numerous fine radiating ribs
crossed by delicate lamellae; the ribs diverge at an acute angle from a line
extending from the umbo in an antero-ventral direction. In some cases the ribs
diverge from two lines near together, forming an inverted W, thus M. New
ribs may become intercalated between the others, especially near the margins of
the valves of larger specimens. Margins of valves crenulated. Teeth: posterior
about six, anterior about twelve. Adductor impressions distinct, rounded, near
the margins; the anterior larger than the posterior.
Measurements :
GQ @ 3) © (5) (6) (7)
Length ; : a 196 165.147 15 18°5 23 18 mm.
Height : : 2 ise Ze lOe 2 13 Looe or es,
Antero-dorsal margin . 16 14 11 115 16 20 ia: +5,
Postero-dorsal margin . 9 8 7 7 Se ial Shs
Thickness . ; =] =|] > = 11 = a ss
20 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
6 and 7 are Gardner’s figured specimens of N. ornatissima and N. bivirgata
respectively.
Affinities. —The forms in which the ribs diverge from two lines (thus M) were
regarded by d’Orbigny as constituting a distinct species—N. ornatissima; the
only difference being in the form of the ornamentation, and this feature is not
constant: in some cases the ribs on the earlier part of the shell diverge from one
line, whereas on the later part they diverge from two lines, or the reverse ‘may
be the case. The adductor impressions are not so deep in N. livirgata as they
are in N. pectinata.
N. Dewalquei, Briart and Cornet,’ from the Meule de Bracquegnies, is very
closely related to N. bivirgata, but in the former the line from which the ribs
diverge is directed more anteriorly than it is in the latter species. N. Dewalquei
is stated by the writers mentioned to be longer in proportion to its width than
N. bivirgata ; I have seen no examples of the former.
N. picturata, Yokoyama,’ from the Upper Cretaceous of Poronai (Japan), is
also allied to N. bivirgata ; I have seen no specimen of that form, and the figures
do not enable me to make an exact comparison.
Remarks.—The variation in the proportions of length and breadth is fairly
considerable. In some cases the line from which the two sets of ribs diverge
cuts the ventral border of the valve near its middle point, but in others more
anteriorly, the position varying in different examples.
Types.—I have not seen the type; it 1s apparently lost. The specimens
figured by Gardner (except figs. 20—22) are in the British Museum; one
of those figured by Jukes-Browne (fig. 6) is in the Woodwardian Museum,
Cambridge.
Distribution—Lower Gault (zones v and vii) of Folkestone; also, perhaps,
Upper Gault, according to Gardner (?). Gault of Black Ven. Cambridge
Greensand.
1“ Descript. Min., Géol., et Paléont. de la Meule de Bracquegnies”’ (‘Mém. couron. et Mém.
des Sav. étrang. Acad. Roy. Belg.,’ vol. xxiv, 1868), p. 62, pl. v, figs. 26—28.
5”
2 “Verstein. aus der japanisch. Kreide,” ‘ Paleontographica,’ vol. xxxvi (1889), p. 18, pl. xxv,
figs. 1, 2.
——— OO
ee
NUCULA. 21
Nucuta ovata, Mantell, 1822. Plate III, figs. 16—18, 19 a, b, 20, 21a, b; Plate
IV, figs. 1a, dD. .
1822. Nucua ovata, G. Muntell. Foss. 8. Downs, p. 94, pl. xix, figs. 26, 27.
1888. — capsHForMIs, H. Michelin. Mém. Soc. Géol. de France, vol. iii,
pl. xii, fig. 8, p. 102.
1844. — ovata, A. d’Orbigny. Pa). Franc. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 178,
pl. cecil, figs. 1—3.
1850. — —- — Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 137.
1852. — _- FE. J. Pictet and W. Roux. Moll. foss. des Gres verts de
Geneve, p. 473, pl. xxxix, fig. 4
1854. — —_ J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
1866. i — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. des
Envir. de Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse , ser. 4), pt. 3
pp. 409, 417, pl. exxix, fig. 9.
1874. — Derancetl, F. G. H. Price. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxx,
p. 358, pl. xxv, fig. 7
1874. — ovata, Price. Ibid., p. 357, pl. xxv, fig. 6.
? 1878. = — O. Fraas. Aus dem Orient, pt. ii, p. 81.
1884. — — J.S8. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. x], p. 125,
pl. ii, figs. 1—3; pl. iv, figs. 28—80.
1884. _ CAPSEHFORMIS, Gardner. Ibid., p. 127, pl. iii, figs. 4, 5.
Non 1827. Nucuua ovata, S. Nilsson. Petrif. Suecana, p. 16, pl. v, fig. 5.
— 1829. — — Jd. Phillips. Geol. Yorks., pt. 1, pl. ii, fig. 10, p. 122.
= NEE — = W. Hisinger. Lethea Suecica, p. 59, pl. xviii, fig, 7.
— 1846. — — A. #. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreideformats pt. 2,
p. 8, pl. xxxiv, fig. 25.
— 1889. — — O. Griepenkerl. Die Verstein. der Senon. Kreide von
Konigslutter (Paleont. Abhandl.,
vol. iv), p. 56.
— 1893. — — A. Fritsch. Stud. im Geb. der bohm. Kreideformat.
v. Priesener Schichten, p. 92, fig. 103.
— 1897. — — A. Hennig. Revision af Lamellibr. i Nilsson’s ‘ Petrifacta
Suecana,’ p. 63, pl. 11, fig. 21.
Description.—Shell oblong or ovate-oblong, short posteriorly, compressed,
with a slight constriction near the margin opposite the umbo; central part of the
ventral margin straight and nearly parallel to the dorsal; anterior margin
rounded, forming an obtuse angle with the dorsal; posterior margin slightly
angular, but sometimes somewhat rounded. Umbones not much curved. A
slight depression usually extends from near the umbo to just below the posterior
angle, giving a slight sinuosity to the margin at that point. Lunule ovate, not
much depressed, sometimes ill-defined. Surface smooth, but with lines of
growth ; and in a few cases faint indications of radial ribs, seen chiefly near the
middle of the valve. Margins smooth. Adductor impressions shallow.
22 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Measurements :
GQ). 2) O27 31@ OOO)
Leneth : . do 29 Zl (260 “22:0 21 10 ls) mm:
Height a . . 21 20 17 oS oes oon.
Thickness . : . 14 12 = =] — AT 9 95”;
Affinities.—The larger forms of this species, described by Michelin as
N. capseformis, and subsequently named N. Derancei by Price, have been regarded
by some authors as distinct from Mantell’s N. ovata, but practically the only
difference is in size: in France a perfect gradation has been traced between
these two types; and a similar passage, although it is stated by Gardner not
to exist, can be seen in English specimens. In England the larger forms are
recorded by Price from zones i and ii only of the Lower Gault. WN. ovata
is related to . obtusa, Sowerby; the points which distinguish the two are
given on p. 23.
Remarks.—The variations in the relative proportions of the length, height,
and thickness are fairly great, as will be seen from the table of measurements.
The antero-dorsal border may be parallel to the ventral, or may slope more or
less obliquely to it. The posterior extremity is commonly somewhat angular,
but may be rounded. .
Types.—I have not been able to trace Mantell’s specimens. The examples
figured by Gardner and referred to above (except, perhaps, figs. 28 to 30) are in
the British Museum.
Distribution.—Through all the zones (except vil) of the Gault at Folkestone ;
Gault of Black Ven; Cambridge Greensand (derived); Upper Greensand of
Devizes.
Nuouta ostusa, Sowerby, 1836. Plate IV, figs. 2 a, b, 3, 4a—d.
1886. Nucuna optusa, J. de OC. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p. 342, pl. xvu, fig. 11.
1850. — — A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 163.
1854. — -= J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
? 1866. -- _ FE. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 8, pp. 415,
418, pl. exxix, fig. 15.
1884, — — J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 126,
pl. iv, figs. 1, 2.
Non 1844. _ — A, @ Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 1638,
pl. cece, figs. 1—5 (named J. planata
on pl. ccc).
or
NUCULA. 23
Description.—Shell oval or ovate-oblong, moderately convex, rounded an-
teriorly and posteriorly ; ventral margin evenly curved. Umbones not prominent,
placed posteriorly. Lunule indistinctly defined. Surface smooth, but with growth-
lines. Hinge with numerous small teeth—about eighteen on the anterior part,
and nine on the posterior,—the two parts forming an obtuse angle (about 133°).
Measurements : (1) (2)
Length . : ; ee Sal ; 20 smn,
Height . , : Pe is: : oe MART ot
Thickness : : ~ alls : . 4,
Affinities.—N. obtusa is closely allied to N. ovata, Mantell; it differs from the
latter (1) in being more oval, (2) in having the ventral margin more regularly
curved, (3) in the umbones being usually placed more posteriorly, (4) in the
absence of a constriction near the ventral margin, and (5) in the indistinct lunule.
Types.—The type is in the Bristol Museum. The specimen figured by
Gardner is in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand (zones vii to x); Greensand of Haldon
(fide Downes); Upper Greensand of Devizes and Warminster.
Nucvna tmpressa, Sowerby, 1824. Plate LV, figs. 5, 6a—-c, 7, 28a, b.
1824. Nucuna ivpressa, J. de C. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. v, p. 118, pl.
eccclxxy, fig. 3.
? 1836. — APICULATA, J. de C. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p. 342, pl. xvii, fig. 10.
1850. — IMPRESSA, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 163.
1854. = — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
21854. — aprcuLata, Morris. Ibid., p. 217.
1866. — IMPRESSA, FH. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 418,
pl. exxix, fig. 16.
1884. = aaa J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl,
p. 128, pl. iv, figs. 9—12.
Non 1846. Nucunta impressa, 4d. EZ. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreideformat.,
pt. 2, p. 6, pl. xxxiv, figs. 6, 7.
— 1867. — — £. Guéranger. Album Paléont. du Dép. de la Sarthe,
p. Lb; pl. xx, hes UG:
aS OMe = — A. Fritsch. Stud.im Gebiete der bohm. Kreideformat.
vi. Die Chlomeker Schichten, p. 56,
fig. 61.
Description.—Shell oval, rounded anteriorly, angular posteriorly; ventral
margin evenly curved, postero-dorsal margin slightly concave. Umbones placed
24 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
very near the posterior end. Lunule elongate, much depressed, sharply limited.
Surface with lines of growth. Margins entire. Anterior part of hinge-line with
about eighteen teeth, posterior part with seven.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Length . : » ASTON he USS eee 2 Ake . 9 mm.
Height . f 5 Ll Meee, o OBE: SG Se
Thickness. — ; = | 3 5:5), AND eon
Affinities. —This species is distinguished from N. obtusa, Sowerby, and N. ovata,
Mantell, by the sharply defined lunule and the angular posterior extremity ; it is
also a smaller form.
N. apiculata, Sowerby (Plate IV, fig. 8), from Blackdown, appears to me
to be only a variety of N. impressa ; it is somewhat shorter in proportion to its
height than the ordinary forms of N. impressa, and consequently has a more
rounded outline. Sowerby’s diagnosis of N. apiculata is ‘* Convex, smooth, trans-
versely obovate; posterior extremity pointed.” A specimen in the Museum of
the Geological Society of London (No. 1564, Fitton Collection) is, I believe, the
type, but is a little smaller than Sowerby’s figure. The only other example known
to me is in Mr. Meyer’s Collection. The late Rev. W. Downes’ considered N.
apiculata to be a synonym of N. antiquata, Sowerby; but that species is more
triangular in outline, the valves are much more convex, and the umbones more
prominent. |
Types. —One of the types (Sowerby’s lower figure) is in the British Museum.
One of the specimens figured by Gardner (fig. 12) is in the Bristol Museum; I
have not seen the others; they are stated to be in the Rev. W. Downes’ Collection,
now in the Exeter Museum.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand.
NucuLa aLBENsis, d’Orbigny, 1844. Plate IV, figs. 9a, 6, 10, 11, 12a, b, 18 4, b,
Aas. lova. by Oe rele
1844. Nucuna aLBensis, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 172,
pl. ceci, figs. 16—17.
1850. — _- — Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 187.
1866. —- — FE. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér, Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, pp. 411,
417, pl. exxix, fig. 11.
1884. -— aoa J.S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl, p. 128,
pl. iui, figs. 6—8 ; pl. iv, figs. 24, 25.
1 «Trans. Dev. Assoc.,’ vol. xii (1880), p. 486; and ‘ Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. xxxviii
(1882), p. 88.
NUCULA. 25
Description.—Shell subtriangular or more or less oval, compressed ; posterior
part very short and somewhat angular; anterior part usually tapering rapidly,
with the extremity rounded. Ventral margin curved evenly. Antero-dorsal
margin curved ; postero-dorsal nearly straight or slightly concave. Umbones not
prominent, curved. Lunule shallow, cordate, often not sharply defined. Anterior
area limited by a faint ridge. Surface smooth, but with lines of growth. Margin
smooth. Adductor impressions shallow.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Length . ; eee ee ke =, oe aor) 12am
Height . 5 toca. ee ee sh =e TO Py OPars.
Thickness a aa ye BY Oe 6 _
39
Affinities —N. Timotheana, Pictet and Roux,’ is shorter, and apparently more
compressed than is N. albensis; N. ovata, Mantell, is less compressed and more
rounded in outline; N. impressa, Sowerby, is more oval, and has a more depressed
and better defined lunule.
Remarks.—This species varies considerably in the proportions of length and
height—the shorter examples being more triangular, the longer more oval in out-
line. A form found in the Blackdown Greensand (Plate IV, fig. 17), of which
I have seen only a few specimens, approaches very closely the shorter types of
N. albensis, but I have not sufficient material to allow me to speak of its affinities
with certainty.
Types.—I have not seen the type; it appears to be missing from the d’Orbigny
Collection in the Museum of Natural History, Paris. Some of the specimens
figured by Gardner (figs. 6—8) are in the British Museum.
Distribution.—Lower Gault (zone vi) of Folkestone; Gault of Black Ven;
Cambridge Greensand (derived). ? Grey Chalk (fide Gardner).
Nvucuna cauLtina, Gardner, 1884. Plate IV, figs. 18 a—c, 19, 20, 21 a—e.
1884. Nucuna gauLrina, J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xl,
p. 134, pl. i, figs. 9—11, 26, 27.
Description.—Shell small, triangular, rather convex ; pointed anteriorly and
posteriorly. Ventral and antero-dorsal margins gently curved ; postero-dorsal
margin slightly concave. Umbones pointed, curved, placed very posteriorly.
Lunule cordate, sharply defined. Anterior area bounded by a ridge passing from
the umbo to the anterior extremity. Surface nearly smooth, but with lines of
* Moll. Foss. Grés verts de Genéve (1852), p. 476, pl. xxxix, fig. 7.
26 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
growth, crossed by very indistinct radial ribs. Margin crenulate. Hinge and
adductor impressions not seen.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length . = ko : 9 8 mm.
Height . 4 : 8 ; 7 : (aes
Affiuities.—This species is distinguished from N. impressa, Sowerby, by its
more triangular outline and larger lunule. It is less convex and proportionately
longer than, N. antiquata, Sowerby, and has less prominent umbones. It is
smaller, more pointed at the extremities, and has a deeper and more sharply
limited lunule than N. albensis, d’Orbigny.
Types.—In the British Museum.
Distribution.—Lower Gault (zones y, vi, and vil) of Folkestone.
Nocuta antiquata, Sowerby, 1824. Plate IV, figs. 22a—c, 23a, b, 24a, b, 25, 26.
1824. Nuvcuna antigvata, J. de C. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. v, p. 118,
pl. eccelxxy, fig. 4.
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 217.
1866. — — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 418.
i884. _— J. S. Gardner. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soce., vol. xl,
p. 134, pl. iv, figs. 3—8.
Description.—Shell very convex, triangular, posterior angle rounded, anterior
somewhat pointed ; ventral margin curved. Umbones prominent, curved, placed
very posteriorly. Lunule very broad, cordate, smooth, depressed, sharply
defined. An anterior area is cut off by a ridge passing from the umbones to the
anterior margin. Surface ornamented with fine, slight, radiating ribs crossed by
well-marked concentric growth-lines. Margins crenulate. Anterior part of the
hinge-line has about twenty teeth, and is bent almost at right angles to the
posterior part, which has about nine teeth; the anterior part is more than twice
the length of the posterior part. Adductor impressions rounded, the anterior
being the larger.
Measurements :
(1) (2 (3) (4)
Length . : : . Id «a Th veo O38 ali2eram:
Antero-dorsal margin oo ZO LOM eee eee oeelel oee
Postero-dorsal margin. 6 O
; AS, 45, Og
Height .. . ! Mapes ic een oto 8 Os
Thickness F ; : 9 fi
Or Or
ANOMIA. 27
Affinities —This species is distinguished by the convexity and triangular form
of the valves, and by the broad and deep lunule. WN. apiculata, Sowerby, was
regarded by the late Rev. W. Downes as a synonym of N. antiquata (see p. 24).
Types.—In the British Museum. The specimens figured by Gardner (except
fig. 6, which is in the Downes Collection) are in the Bristol Museum.
Distribution.— Blackdown Greensand (zones vii to x).
3. Chalk Species.
Nucuna, sp. Plate IV, figs. 27, 28.
1897. Nucuta, sp., H. Woods. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. liii, p. 378,
pl. xxvii, figs. 1, 2.
Remarks.—A species of Nucula is represented in the Montagu Smith Collection
(Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge) by eleven specimens ; it approaches closely
in form d’Orbigny’s N. Renauviana’ found in the Turonian of Uchaux, but
unfortunately all the specimens are internal casts, so that an exact determination
is impossible.
Measurements :
Length : : . 13 mm.
Height : 5 ee KO
Distribution.—Chalk Rock (Reusstanwim-zone) of Cuckhamsley.
Family—ANOMUDA, Gray.
Genus—Anomta, Linneus, 1758.
(‘Syst. Nat.,’ ed. 10, p. 700.)
1. Lower Cretaceous Species.
ANOMIA PSEUDORADIATA, d’?Orbigny, 1850. Plate V, figs. 1 a—e, 2, 3.
1836. Anomia raAvraTA, J. de C. Sowerby (non Risso). Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2,
vol. iv, p. 338, pl. xiv, fig. 5.
1 «Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét.,’ vol. iii (1844), p. 179, pl. eeciv, figs. 7—9. This is regarded by Pictet
and Campiche (‘ Foss. Terr. Crét. Ste. Croix,’ pt. ili [1866], p. 418) as a synonym of WV. impressa,
Sowerby.
28 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
1850. Anomia PsEUDORADIATA, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. 11, p. 84.
1854. — raDiaTa, J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 161.
Non ? 1846. — —_— A. EH. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreideformat.,
pt. il, p. 45.
— 1877. oa — ?A. Fritsch. Stud. im Gebiete der bohm. Kriedef. ii. Die
Weissenb. und Malnitz. Schichten, p. 142, fig. 142.
Description.—Shell oval, a little irregular, higher than long. Left valve
moderately convex, ornamented with numerous radial ribs, which on the adult
shell are more distinct and more wavy than on the younger part of the shell, and
of two sizes, the larger bemg distinctly granular. The radial ribs are some-
times crossed by concentric growth-lines. Umbo near the margin.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length yey : 205—. e AIL iaatrae
Height . 23. Se 2 WA
Afjjinities.—This species appears to be similar to A. subtruncata, d’Orbigny,’
from the Plainerkalk of Strehlen, &c., but in that form the shell is much more
regularly oval than in A. pseudoradiata.
Types.—In the Museum of the Geological Society (No. 2029), from the Hythe
Beds, near Sandgate.
Distribution —Crackers, &c., of Atherfield; Ferruginous Sands (upper beds) of
Shanklin; Hythe Beds, near Sandgate; Atherfield Beds of Hast Shalford,
Sevenoaks, and Redhill.
ANoMIA, sp. Plate V, figs. 4, 5a, b.
Description.—Shell more or less orbicular or oval, and rather inequilateral.
Left valve moderately convex with a rather prominent umbo at the margin ;
ornamented with radial ribs, which are slender, widely separated, only a little
elevated, and rather irregular.
Measurements :
(1) (2)
Length : , ; 7 : : ) mm.
Height . : ; 16 ; SiO” a6
Affinities.—In A. costulata, Romer,’ the umbo is not at the margin and is
somewhat spiral, and the ribs are more numerous; the last 1s also the case in
' A. truncata, Geinitz (non Linneus), ‘Char. d. Schicht. und Petref. sichs.-bohm. Kreidegeb.,’
pt. iii (1842), p. 87, pl. xix, figs. 4, 5; and “Das Elbtlalgeb. in Sachsen” (‘ Paleeontographica,’
vol. xx), pt. 2 (1872), p. 80, pl. vili, figs. 22,23. A. subtruncata, A. d’Orbigny, ‘ Prodr. de Pal.,’ vol. 1
(1850), p. 171.
* “Die Verstein. Nord-deutsch. Ool-geb. Nachtrag’ (1839), p. 24, pl. xvir, fig. 5,
ANOMIA. 29
A. intercostata, Zittel.! The ornamentation in this form resembles that of A. sub-
radiata, Reuss,’ but in that species the shell appears to be less inequilateral.
Remaris.—I have seen only two examples of this form; it appears to be quite
distinct from the other English species, and to resemble most A. subradiata,
Reuss, from the Plinermergel of Luschitz.
Distribution.—Crackers of Atherfield.
ANOMIA L&vIGATA, Sowerby, 1836. Plate V, figs. 6, 7a, b, 8a, b, 9.
» 1836. ANnomia Lm=vieaTta, J. de C. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p- 338, pl. xiv, figs. 6a, b.
21847. — _ A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 755,
pl. eecelxxxix, figs. 4—6.
1850. — _ -—— Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 84.
1854. — a J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 161.
Description.—Shell regular, nearly orbicular ; surface smooth except for lines
of growth. Left valve moderately convex; umbo small, at or near the margin.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length . 36 : : 22 . 14mm.
Height . ‘ 32 : 211 LOH oe
Types.—One of the types (Pl. V, fig. 6, and Sowerby’s fig. 6 a), from the Hythe
Beds of Lympne, is in the Museum of Practical Geology (No. 6414); I have not
seen the other.
Distribution.—Ferruginous Sands (upper beds) of Shanklin; Atherfield Beds
of Peasmarsh; Hythe Beds of Lympne; Lower Greensand of Punfield.
ANoMIA convEXA, Sowerby, 1836. Plate V, figs. 10a, b.
1836. Anomra convexa, J. de C. Sowerby. Trans. Geol. Soc., ser. 2, vol. iv,
p- 338, pl. xiv, fig. 7.
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 161.
Description.—Shell rather small, more or less orbicular or quadrate ; surface
smooth, or with fine ribs. Left valve very much inflated, with a rather prominent
umbo.
1 «Die Bivalven der Gosaugeb.,’ pt. ii (1866), p. 51, pl. xix, fig. 10.
9
2 «Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreideformat.,’ pt. ii (1846), p. 45, pl. xxxi, figs. 18, 19.
30 . CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Measurements :
Length : : ; . 14mm.
Height ; ; : ; Ex y Hoes
Remarks.—This species is imperfectly known at present. The only specimens
I have seen are in the Museum of the Geological Society, and in Mr. Meyer’s:
Collection. With regard to the type specimen, Sowerby remarks, “‘ The furrows
are produced by a Terebratula [? Rhynchonella] to which this specimen was
attached, and to which it consequently bears a great resemblance.”’
Types.—The type, from the Lower Greensand of Shanklin, is in the Museum
of the Geological Society (No. 2032).
Distribution.—Lower Greensand of Redhill (Reigate) and Atherfield; Ferru-
ginous Sands (upper beds) of Shanklin.
2. Gault and Upper Greensand Species.
ANomiA, sp.; cf. PsEUDORADIATA, d’Orbigny. Plate V, figs. 11 a, 0.
Remarks.—This form appears to differ from A. pseudoradiata, d’Orbigny,
only in having finer and less distinct ribs; the difference may perhaps be due to
the mode of preservation. At present I have seen only two specimens.
Distribution.—Gault of Black Ven (Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6440)
and Folkestone.
ANOMIA, spp.
In the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, there are several speci-
mens from the Upper Greensand of Devizes and Warminster ; some appear to be
closely related to A. levigata, Sowerby, others to A. pseudoradiata, d’Orbigny,
but they are not sufficiently well preserved to allow of exact determination.
3. Chalk Species.
ANOMIA ? TRANSVERSA, Seeley, 1861. Plate V, figs. 12 a, b.
1861. Awnomta? TRANsvERSA, H. G. Seeley. Aun. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3,
vol. vii, p. 123, pl. vi, fig. 8.
Description.—* Shell ovate, elongated, inflated. Umbo large, prominent,
inclining to the posterior end rather than central” (Seeley).
ANOMIA. 31
Measurements :
Length ; : ; 5 ly mm.
Height 12 ;,
Remarks.—This form may norliaps Ihe related to yi papyracea, d’Orbigny, but
without better specimens I am unable to make any definite statement con-
cerning it.
Types.—I have not seen the specimen figured by Seeley, but other examples to
which he refers are preserved in the Woodwardian Miscun: Cambridge.
Distribution. —Cambridge Greensand.
AnomIA Papyracea, @’Orbigny, 1847. Plate V, figs. 13—16.
1847. Anomra papyracna, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Franc. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 759,
pl. ececlxxxix, figs. 7—10.
1850. Awomya paprracea, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 171.
1881. Anomia papyracga, A. d’Orbigny, var. BURWELLENSIS, R. Etheridge. In
Penning and Jukes-Browne, Geol. Neighbourhood
of Cambridge (Mem. Geol. Survey), p. 145, pl. iu,
figs. 3, 4.
Description.—Shell more or less oval, longer than high, nearly smooth, but
sometimes with faintly marked concentric ribs. Left valve slightly convex ;
umbo small, near the margin. Right valve flat or slightly concave.
Measurements :
; (1) (2) (3)
Length . : 33 : : 39 : . 28mm.
Height. : 23 ‘ 25 ; sap al!
Affinities. —This species is Forel from A. levigata, Sowerby, by its
oval form and lesser convexity.
Types.—The type is not in the d’Orbigny Collection. The specimens figured
by Etheridge are in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge.
Distribution.—Totternhoe Stone (zone of Holaster subglobosus) of Burwell and
Reach.
32 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Family—ARCIDA, Lamarck.
Genus—Arca, Linnxus, 1758 (sensu stricto).
(‘ Syst. Nat.,’ ed. 10, p. 693.)
1. Lower Cretaceous Species.
Arca Durrntana, d’Orbigny, 1844. Plate VI, figs. 1 a, b, 2, 3.
1844. Arca Duprniana, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 207,
pl. cecx, figs. 9, 10.
1845. — ~- E. Forbes. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol. i, p. 246.
1850. — — . A.@Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 80.
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 185.
1855. = — — G. Cotteau. Moll. Foss. de l’Yonne, p. 86.
1866. — — F. J. Pictet and G. Oampiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét,
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3,
pp. 438, 468.
1867. — -= P. de Loriol. In A. Favre, Recherch. géol. dans
Savoie, &e., vol. i, p. 381.
1871. — — F. Stoliczka: Paleont. Indica, Cret. Fauna 8S. India,
vol. ili, p. 842 (Barbatia).
Description.—Shell elongate, very inequilateral, convex. Anterior margin
rounded. Ventral margin sinuous, roughly parallel to the hinge-line. Posterior
margin very oblique, nearly straight, forming sharply marked obtuse and acute
angles with the dorsal and ventral margins respectively. Umbones prominent,
moderately distant, with a prominent toothed carina extending to the postero-
ventral angle, and cutting off a depressed postero-dorsal area. Hinge-line long.
Hinge-area rather large. Ornamentation consists of numerous fine radial ribs—
more prominent at the anterior end—crossed by concentric growth-lines. Pos-
tero-dorsal area with four strong radial ribs which project posteriorly, giving a
toothed margin. ‘Teeth numerous, small, transverse, the terminal teeth slightly
oblique.
Measurements :
Leneth : ; : , : : , 2ow enim:
Height . . : nel Zio oe
Thickness 13
ARCA. 33
Affinities. —This species is distinguished by its prominent toothed carina and
strong postero-dorsal ribs. Its form is somewhat similar to that of A. Sanctex-
Crucis, Pictet and Campiche (see p. 34), but its posterior margin is more oblique.
It also appears to be related to Arca Dufrenoyi, d’Archiac,' but in that form
the antero-dorsal extremity is rectangular. The hinge of A. Dufrenoyi seems to
be unknown.
Types.—1 have not seen the type; it came from the Neocomian of Marolles
(Aube).
Distribution.—Perna-bed of Atherfield; Atherfield Beds of Hast Shalford and
Peasmarsh; Ferruginous Sands (upper beds) of Shanklin.
Arca Carteront, d’Orbigny, 1844. Plate VI, figs. 4a—c, 5 a—e.
1844. Arca Carreront, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 202,
pl. eccix, figs. 4—8.
1845. — — E. Forbes. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. i, p. 246.
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 185.
1866. — — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de
Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, pp. 436,
468, pl. exxx, fig. 9.
18538. — — W. Keeping. Foss., &¢., of Neoc. of Upware and Brick-
hill, p. 114, pl. v, fig. 7.
Description.—Shell oblong, very elongate and thick. Dorsal and ventral
margins straight and nearly parallel. Hinge-line extends to the most anterior
part of the shell, and forms with the anterior margin a right angle; the anterior
margin curves ventrally from the hinge-line. Posterior margin a little oblique.
Umbones of moderate size, widely separated, only slightly curved, with a low
rounded carina extending to the postero-ventral angle; between the carina and
the hinge-line is a second indistinct carina. Hinge-area very broad and large,
lozenge-shaped, with several (about seven) ligament-grooves. Ornamentation
consists of fine radial ribs. Hinge: the teeth near the umbo are small and
transverse, but towards the extremities they become more oblique and longer.
Measurements : (1) (2)
Length . : : . 40 ‘ >) 26 mam.
Height . Sue LO Fh held athe
Thickness i : Ser20 : oe
(1) From Upware. (2) From East Shalford.
1 «Bull. Soe. Géol. de France,’ ser. 2, vol. xi (1854), p. 214, pl. ii, fig. 9,
9)
34 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Affinities.—See A. Sanctze-Crucis (below). The external teeth are more oblique
in this than in most forms of Arca, in which respect it may be compared with
A. equidens, Tate.’
Distribution.—Lower Greensand of Upware. Atherfield Beds of East Shalford
and Peasmarsh. ? Perna-bed of Redcliff.
Arca Sanora-Crucis, Pictet and Campiche, 1866. Plate VI, figs. 6 a—c, 7 a—e.
1866. Arca Sancrz-Crucis, F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Cret.
de Ste. Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3,
p. 487, pl. exxx, figs. 10, 11.
Description.—Shell elongate, very convex in the umbonal region; wedge-like
posteriorly. Anterior margin rounded, more or less perpendicular to the hinge-
line. Ventral margin a little sinuous, more or less parallel to the dorsal. Poste-
rior margin nearly straight, and either at right angles or slightly oblique to the
hinge-line. Umbones prominent, iticurved, placed near the anterior third of the
shell. Carina rounded; postero-dorsal area depressed, sometimes slightly con-
cave, with one or two faint broad ridges. Hinge-area long and broad. Orna-
mentation consists of numerous fine radial ribs crossed by lines of growth.
Interior not seen.
Measurements :
(1) (2)
Length . : 5 : 31 3 : 25 mm.
Height . , : ? 17 : 2 A
Thickness . Gio ee Be ee oid are
(1) and (2) are from Upware.
Affinities. —This form agrees in many respects with A. Carteroni, d’Orbigny,
and it is likely that a large series of specimens would show a passage between the
two. At present I have seen only three or four examples of each. Arca
Sancte-Crucis appears to differ from A. Carteroni in being proportionately
shorter, in having the ventral margin sinuous and less parallel to the dorsal, and
in the umbones being more prominent and incurved.
It also appears to be similar to Arca autissiodorensis, Cotteau,’ but seems to be
less inflated and to have the posterior margin less oblique.
1 | > F
inieg, PD.
o
Y
4
Cucuntma GiaBra, H. B. Geinitz. Char. der Schichten und Petrefacten
des sachsisch. Kreidegeb., pt. 2,
p. 49.
&
58 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Non 1842. Cucunima oraBra, P. Matheron. Catal. méthod. et descript. des Corps foss..
du Bouches-du-Rhone, p. 161.
— 1843. — — 4H. B. Geinitz. Die Verstein. von Keislingswalda,
p. 14, pl. iti, figs. 4—7.
?— 1846. Arca (CucuLnmA) ataBra, A. FE. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreide-
format., pt. 2, p. 18, pl. xxxiv, fig. 44; pl.
xxxv,)figs. 1, 20 -
— 1847. — auaBra, J. Miller. Petref. der Aachen. Kriedeformat., pt. 1, p. 18.
— 1847. Cucunima GLaBra, Miller. Ibid., p. 19.
— 1858. Arca FriBRosa, J. Vilanova y Piera. Mem. geog.-agric. de Castillon,
pl. ii, fig. 13.
?— 1863. CucuLLma GLABRA, R. Drescher. Zeit. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., vol. xv,
p. 349.
?— 1875. Arca etasra, H. B. Geinitz. Das Elbthalgeb. in Sachsen (Palwonto-
graphica, vol. xx), pt. 1, p. 221, pl. xlix, figs. 1, 3.
?— 1881. — _ Frerosa, J. Kiesow. Schrift. d. nat. Gesellsch. Danzig, N. F., vol. v,
| p. 410.
?— 1885. Cucunn#a @naBra, F. Noétling. Die Fauna der baltisch. Cenoman-
geschiebe (Paleont. Abhandl., vol. ii), p. 25.
? — 1897. - — (Iponrarca) @eraBRa, &. Leonhard. Die Fauna der Kreide-
format. in Oberschlesien. (Paleonto-
graphica, vol. xliv), pp. 21, 51.
Description.—Shell subrhomboidal or more or less oval, a little inequilateral
and oblique; high, convex. Anterior margin curved, passing gradually into the
ventral margin, and joining the hinge-line at a slightly obtuse angle. Posterior
margin nearly straight, oblique, forming with the hinge-line an obtuse angle, and
with the ventral margin an acute angle more or less rounded. Umbones large,
with a rounded but usually well-marked carina extending from each to the
postero-ventral angle of the valves. Sometimes a thread-like ridge, crenulated,
passes from the umbo of the right valve to the middle of the posterior margin.
Hinge-area long, but comparatively narrow; with three or four, sometimes
more, ligament-grooves on each side. Ornamentation consists of numerous radial
ribs, sometimes raised and somewhat granular, crossed by concentric growth-lines.
Hinge-line long, with from five to eight central transverse teeth, and three or four
long lateral teeth, placed parallel or nearly parallel to the hinge-line, and striated.
Posterior adductor plate large. Anterior adductor impression smaller. Margins
of valves entire.
Measurements :
Q@ 312) ©) 4) (5) Ce Ce)
Length . : : . ta 5d:c47... 87°95 ~36 - (220521 mm:
Height . q 5 > 61 OP -aikersbra2 S0ra Saale soi.
Thickness ; é . 62 46 40 28 31 PAE tay
Hinge-line : . 60 44 35 27 25 L7G oe
Ajjinities —The forms described by Sowerby under the names Cucullea glabra
CUCULLAA. 59
and (©. fibrosa haye been considered by Briart and Cornet, Pictet and Campiche,
Pictet and Renevier, Downes, and others, to belong to the same species. Sowerby’s
glabra was a more rhomboidal example than his /ibrosa, but a large series of
specimens shows that there is no essential difference between the two.
One of the specimens figured by Goldfuss (fig. 1¢) as Arca glabra
(Sowerby) was regarded by d’Orbigny as distinct from the others (figs. 1 a, 6, d),
and named! by him Arca subglabra. This name has been since generally adopted
for the form found in the Aachen Greensand (Senonian). Goldfuss does not state
from whence his figured specimens came, but gives in the text, as localities of the
species, Quedlinburg, Coesfeld, Aachen, Kelheim, and Blackdown... J. Béhm?’
found, in the Museum of the Schloss Popplesdorf, examples labelled ‘* England”
which agree well with Goldfuss’ figures, and he believes that the figured
specimens really came from Blackdown, and are the true Cucullea glabra,
Sowerby. Briart and Cornet’ also regard Goldfuss’ glabra as identical with
Sowerby’s. The Blackdown specimens of C. glabra, Sowerby, certainly agree
closely with the figures of Goldfuss (except fig. 1 ¢, in which the lateral teeth are not
parallel to the hinge-margin, but this may have been a worn specimen) ; speci-
mens and: figures both differ considerably from the figures of the undoubted
Aachen form given by Holzapfel;* the last-named author, however, does not
appear to accept Bohm’s view, but takes the. glabra of Goldfuss as the type of
Arca subglabra, d’Orbigny.
Judging from Holzapfel’s figures and description, Cucullea subglabra of
the Aachen Greensand differs from C. glabra, Sowerby, in the shell being more
convex and relatively higher; the hinge-line relatively shorter; the lateral teeth
shorter, somewhat curved and not quite parallel to the hinge-line; the absence
or indistinct nature of the radial ribs; and perhaps also in the less distinct carina.
The arrangement of the teeth in C. glabra is similar to that in C. Miillevi,
Holzapfel,’ from the Aachen Greensand; but in that form the shell- is more
rounded than in C. glabra, it is without a keel, the area is smaller, the hinge-line
shorter, &c.
C. Mailleana (d’Orbigny) (see p. 63) is relatively longer, more oblique—owing
tothe greater proportionate length of the posterior margin, and is ornamented with
well-marked concentric groovés, the radial ribs being absent or indistinct.
1 ¢ Prodr. de Pal.,’ vol. ii (1850), p. 244.
2 “Der Griinsand von Aachen und seine Molluskenfauna,” ‘ Verhand|. des naturh. Vereines der
preussisch. Rheinl.,’ &c., vol. xliv (1885), p. 92.
3 “ Deseript. de la Meule de Bracquegnies,’’ ‘Mém. Cour. et Mém. des Say. ctrangers, Acad.
Roy. Belg.,’ vol. xxxiv (1868), p. 55,
4 “ Die Mollusken der Aachener Kreide ” (‘ Paleontographica,’ vol. xxxv, 1889), p. 206, pl. xxii,
figs, 3, 5.
5 Tbid., vol. xxv (1889), p. 209, pl]. xxiii, fig. 1.
60 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
C. Marceana (d’Orbigny), from the Cenomanian of Mans. is inore oval in
outline, the area and hinge-line are relatively shorter, and the surface of the shell
is smoother than in U..qlabra, Sowerby.
According to Geinitz C. glabra occurs in the Lower Quadersindstone (Ceno-
manian) of Koschiitz, Neiderschéna, and Goldenen Héhe (Saxony). All the
specimens obtained are apparently internal casts, so that comparison is very
difficult, but they appear to be relatively longer and more oblique thian.@. glabra,
Sowerby, and the umbo is sharper than in wax casts taken from Blackdown
specimens. ‘The same remarks apply to the Bohemian form referred bv Reuss to
this species.
Cucullea (Idonearea) Shumardi, Meek and Hayden,* from the lox Hill Group
of Upper Missouri, appears to be very closely related to C. glaiu, but without
seeing specimens [ am unable to state whether it is really distinet or not,
Remarks.—This is one of the commonest fossils in the Blackilown (rreensand.
In old specimens the radial ribs usually become obliterated. ani the shell is
then nearly smooth save for lines of growth. The appearance of tie ornamenta-
tion varies considerably according to the state of preservation of the shell. In
old forms the shell becomes, as a rule, relatively longer, more convex, and more
oblique. Before the adult state is-reached the lateral teeth are place: obliquely
to the hinge-line (PI. XI, figs. 10, 11). Two forms of this ‘‘species” may be
recognised :—(i) in which the shell is rhomboidal in outline, rather compressed,
and with a sharp carina (Pl. XII, figs. 3, 4); (i) in which the shell is of more
rounded outline, more inflated, and has only an indistinct carina (Vl. NI, fig. 8).
These two types can be seen in various stages of growth, but there are also some
examples which seem to be intermediate in character.
Types.—I1 have not seen the type, but the specimens figured by Sowerby as
C. glabra, CG. fibrosa, and C. carinata (all from Blackdown) are in the British
Museum.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand (especially zone x). Gault ot Folkestone.
1 «Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad.,’ vol. viii (1856), p. 86; Meek, ‘Invert. Cret. and Tert. Foss.
U. Missouri.’ (‘Rep: U.8. Geol. Surv. Territ.,’ vol. ix, 1876), p. 86, pl. xxvini. tivs. 15 a—9;
pl. xxix, fig. 4.
CUCULLAA. 61
CucuLLma opEsa (Pictet and Roux), 1852. Plate XII, figs. 6, 7a, b, 8a, b.
1852. Arca opeEsa, F. J. Pictet and W. Roux (non Sowerby). Moll. Foss. Grés
verts de Geneve, p. 464, pl. xxxviii, figs. 1, 2.
1866. — — F#.J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de Ste.
Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 459.
ei — — HF. Stoliczka. Paleont. Indica, Cret. Fauna S. India, vol. iii,
p- 843 (Lrigonoarca ?).
Non 1833. Arca opesa, G. B. Sowerby. Proc. Zool. Soc., pt. 1, p. 21 (figured Reeve,
Conch. Iconiea, vol. ii, 1843, pl. i, fig. 3).
Description.—Shell subrhomboidal, rounded, a little inequilateral and oblique,
much inflated. Posterior border slightly convex, forming an obtuse angle with
the hinge-line, and joining the ventral border at an acute but rounded angle.
Umbones prominent, well separated except in young forms. A prominent but
rounded carina extends from the umbo to the postero-ventral angle. Hinge-area
long, of moderate breadth, with numerous (often thirteen to eighteen) closely-set
ligament-grooves. Ornamentation consists of faintly marked radial ribs crossed
by lines of growth. Hinge with some central transverse teeth, and lateral teeth
which are parallel or nearly parallel to the hinge-line. Posterior adductor plate
well marked.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Length . : OD 47 43 28 22 mm.
Height . ; . 48 42°5 40 25°5 1877 ,,
Thickness : ‘ ~ wy AA, 37 PA 1 Pe
Hinge-line : 39 31 26 15 14a;
Affinities. —This is related to C. glabra, Sowerby, but can be distinguished
from that by its more inflated form, more prominent umbones, more rounded
outline; the ventral margin is placed more obliquely with regard to the hinge-
line ; the hinge-line is relatively shorter and the ligament-grooves more numerous ;
the radial ribs are less distinctly marked.
Remarks.—The name Arca obesa was pre-occupied by Sowerby for a recent
species dredged near the coast of West Columbia ; but since the fossil form is now
referred to the genus Cucullxa the specific name may be retained.
Types.—The types are from the Gault of the Perte du Rhéne.
Distribution.—Gault of Folkestone (zones vill, ix); and Aylesford. Cambridge
Greensand (derived). Chloritic Marl of the Isle of Wight and Warminster.
Upper Greensand of Devizes.
62 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
CUCULLEA NANA, Leymerie, 1842. Plate XIII, figs. 1 a—e, 2, 3.
1842, Cucunrma nana, A, Leymerie. Mém. Soc. Géol. de France, vol. v, p. 7,
pl. ix, figs. 1 a—d.
1844, Arca nana, d. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frane. Terr. Crét., vol. ii, p. 210,
pl. ecexi, figs. 8—12.
1850. — — — Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 138.
1866. — — F#.J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét. de Ste.
Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 472.
Description.—Shell rhomboidal, inflated, imequilateral. Anterior margin
forming about a right angle with the dorsal, and curving ventrally. Ventral
margin nearly parallel to the dorsal, slightly curved. Posterior margin slightly
convex or sinuous, a little oblique. Umbones of moderate size, curving forwards,
more or less well separated, placed near the anterior third, with a carina extending
to the postero-ventral angle; postero-dorsal area concave, but slightly raised near
the middle. Hinge-area long, broadest just in front of the umbones ; inner part
raised in front, with a parallel-sided groove and ridge on each side; lhgament-
grooves numerous. Ornamentation consists of numerous slightly elevated
concentric ribs, crossed by narrower radial ribs; at the anterior end of the shell
some of the radial ribs at intervals are more elevated and serrate. Hinge not seen.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Length : ; é 15 1225 12 9°5 mm.
Height . ; : ; 1G 9 9 6:75) | es
Thickness . ; ; 11S 8 9 if a
Affinities.—This species is closely allied to Cucullza subnana, Pictet and Roux,
but appears to differ in the form of the area, which is widest just in front of the
umbones, and tapers much more rapidly anteriorly than posteriorly.
Remarks.—In many English specimens the area is wider and the umbones
more distant than in the example figured by d’Orbigny; but others agree exactly
with his figure, and a series of specimens shows a gradual transition from forms
with a comparatively narrow area to those with a wide area.
Types.—Specimens, but probably not those figured, are in ‘he d’Orbigny
collection.
Distribution.— Gault (zones ii, vil, vill, ix, and x) of Folkestone. Cambridge
Greensand (derived).
CUCULLAIA. 63
Cucutn#a Marnunana (d’Orbigny), 1844. Plate XIII, figs. 4a—e, 5a, b.
1832. CucuLLzA GLaBra, A. Passy (non Sowerby). Géol. de la Seine-Infeér.,
p. 8 (of expl. of plates), pl. xiv, fig. 10.
1844. Arca Mariieana, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Franc. Terr. Crét., vol. iii, p. 229,
pl. ecexviii, figs. 3—7.:
1850. — —_ —_ Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 164.
P1852, — — R. Kner. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. Wissensch. Math.-nat.
Sce., vol. iii, p. 313, pl. xvii, fig. 25.
1866. — — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. Terr. Crét. de Ste.
Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 475.
1871. — — F. Stoliczka. Paleont. Indica, Cret. Fauna S. India,
vol. ii, p. 8343 (Zrigonoarea).
Description.—Shell oval or rhomboidal, convex, oblique, highest: posteriorly.
Anterior margin gently curved, relatively short. Posterior margin rather long,
oblique, slightly curved. Ventral margin with a considerable slope posteriorly,
forming an acute, but rounded, angle with the posterior margin. Umbones
rather small, with a carina extending to the postero-ventral angle. A curved
ridge passes from the umbo tojust above the middle of the posterior side. Hinge-
area rather narrow. Ornamentation consists of well-marked concentric grooves,
with faint radial ribs on the posterior and anterior portions of the shell. Lateral
teeth parailel to the hinge-line.
Measurements :
: (1) (2)
ees ere : 26 ‘ .. 2o mm.
Height ates ahs ea eo mie a
Thickness .. ”: : Hitches ; ay SS ys
Affinities. —This species can be distinguished from C. glabra, Sowerby, by the
great obliquity of the ventral margin of the shell, the shorter area, and the much
less distinct radial, and better-marked concentric, ornamentation.
The larger forms of C. obesa are readily distinguished from C. Mailleana.; in
the smaller the outline of the shell is more rounded, the posterior angle is less
sharp, the carina more rounded, and the concentric grooves less distinct than
in Mailleana. D’Orbigny compares this species with C. Cornueliana, but in that
form the ventral margin is more nearly parallel to the hinge-line.
In form, some examples of C. Mailleana resemble Arca Dumortieri, d’ Archiac,!
but the character of the ornamentation appears to be different.
1 «Bull. Soc. Géol, de France,’ ser. 2, vol. xi (1854), p. 213, pl. xi, figs. 8, 8 a—d.
64 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
Remarks.—Most of the English specimens have only a portion of the shell
preserved. I have collected examples from the Cenomanian of St. Catherine, near
Rouen (the locality of the types), which agree exactly with English specimens.
Types.—Specimens from Rouen, but not the types, are in the d’Orbigny
Collection at the Museum of Natural History, Paris.
Distribution.—Chalk Marl of Pinhay Cliff, Lyme Regis. Base of Chalk Marl
(zone of NSchlaenbachia varians) of Chard, Maiden Newton, Eggardon Hill,
and Titherleigh near Chard. Chloritic Marl of Maiden Bradley. Rye Hill Sand
of Warminster. Upper Greensand of Plush.
CucuLLEA, sp. Plate XIII, figs. 6a, d, ¢.
Cf. 1844. Arca GuErancert, A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Franc. Terr. Creét., vol. iii, p. 228,
pl. ecexvili, figs. 1, 2.
— 1850. — — a Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 164.
— 1866. — —- F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. du Terr. Crét.
, Ste. Croix (Mater. Pal. Suisse, ser. 4), pt. 3, p. 474.
— 1871. — _ F. Stoliczka. Paleont. Indica, Cret. Fauna S. India,
vol. 11, p. 848 (Lrigonoarca).
Description.—Shell oval or rhomboidal, high, convex. Anterior and ventral
margins curved. Posterior margin oblique; postero-ventral angle rounded ;
antero-dorsal angle sharp. Umbones rather small, close together, placed near
the anterior third of the shell. Carina rounded. Hinge-area narrow. Orna-
mentation consists of very fine radial ribs crossed by lines of growth.
Measurements :
Length . 5 : : : : ; : - oSmnim:
Height . : ; : : : 5 : oS (ae
Remarks.—The only example I have seen of this is a right valve in Mr. Meyer's
collection. It is similar to Arca Guerangeri, d’Orbigny, but is less inflated.
Only a small part of the hinge is seen.
Distribution.—Chalk Marl (Meyer’s Bed 10) of Dunscombe,
ISOARCA. 65
Genus—Isoarca, G. Minster, 1842.
[‘ Neues Jahrb. fiir Min., &c.,’ 1842, p. 98; ‘ Beitr. zur Petrefact.,’ pt. vi, 1843, p. 81.]
Isoarca Aqassizil, Pictet and Roux, 1852. Plate XITI, figs. 7a, b.
1842, Crromya crassicornis, LZ. Agassiz. Et. Crit. Moll. Foss., p. 36 (partim),
pl. viii f, figs. 1—4 (non 5—10).
1850. Isocarpra crasstcornis, A, d'Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 137
(partim).
1852. Isoarca Agcassizu, Ff. J. Pictet and W. Roux. Moll. Foss. Grés Verts de
Geneve, p. 466, pl. xxxviii, fig. 3.
1866. = — F. J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. Terr. Crét. Ste.
Croix (Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 3), p. 422.
1875. _ —- A. J. Jukes-Browne. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol.
xxxi, p. 800, pl. xv, figs. L—3.
1879. — canraBrieiensis [H. G. Seeley, MS.], # G. H. Price. The
Gault, p. 60 (nom. nud.).
The only examples which I have seen of this species are a few internal moulds
found in the Cambridge Greensand (derived).
Tsoarca opesa (d’Orbigny), 1844. Plate XIII, figs. 8 a—e.
1844. Nucuta opesa, A. d’Orbiyny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol, iii, p. 180, pl.
ecciv, figs. 1O—14.
1846. Isocarpra Orpianyana, dA. d’Archiac. Meém. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 2, vol.
il, Pp. S00 plo xv, pe de
1847. Nucuna rnoromaGensis, d’ Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. ili, p. 766.
1848. Arca 1socarprmrorMis, H. P. Nyst. Tableau Espeéces vivant et foss.
des Arcaces, p. 38.
1850. Isoarca opesa, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p. 168.
1866 = — HF.J. Pictet and G. Campiche. Foss. Terr. Crét. Ste. Croix
(Matér. Pal. Suisse, ser. 3), p. 423.
Non 1837. Nucuna onesa, A. Goldfuss. Petref. Germ., vol. il, p. 150, pl. exxiv, fig. 4.
Description.—Shell oval or slightly subquadrate, rounded, length greater than
height, much inflated, short anteriorly, long posteriorly; ventral margin
slightly curved. Umbones large, anterior, close together, curved forward.
Hinge-line about two-thirds the length of the shell. Hinge-area indistinctly
limited, short anteriorly, elongate posteriorly. Ornamentation consists of
numerous, very regular, closely-set, concentric grooves, with broader, flattish
interspaces ; and radial grooves which are less distinct than the concentric; the
| 9
66 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
whole forms a rectangular network, with pits at the intersection of the grooves.
Teeth numerous. Margins of valves smooth.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (3)
Length . ; 25 p ; 20 : , 15°5 mm.
Height . : DiS ip We : 18 ; ; 13 5b
Thickness 3 P| , : yay : IAL r
(1) and (3) from Ball Wood. (2) from Maiden Bradley.
Types.—From the Cenomanian of Rouen.
Distribution.—Chloritie Marl of Ball Wood, near Plush, and of Maiden Bradley.
Base of Chalk Marl (zone of Schlanbachia varians) of Cerne, near Chard.
Genus—PrcruncuLus, Lamarck, 1799.}
[‘ Mém. Soe. Hist. Nat. Paris,’ p. 87.]
1. Lower Cretaceous Species.
PECTUNCULUS MARULLENSIS, Leymerie, 1842. Plate XIII, figs. 9a—c, 10.
1842, PrEcrUNCULUS MARULLENSIS, Ad. Leymerie. Mém. Soc. Géol. de France,
Vol: Vv, p. 7, ple 1x, iperee
1844. --- — A. d’Orbigny. Pal. Frang. Terr. Crét., vol. iii,
p- 187, pl. ecevi, figs. 1—6.
1848. — MAROLLENSIS, H. G. Bronn. Index Paleont., vol. i, p. 938.
1850. = MARULLENSIS, A. d’Orbigny. Prodr. de Pal., vol. 11, p. 80.
2 2? 18828. — —_— W. Keeping. Foss., &c., Upware and Brick-
hill) p: 116; pl. v, fig: alae
Description.— Shell of moderate size, suboval or nearly orbicular, longer than
high, rather convex, compressed antero-dorsally and postero-dorsally. Anterior
margin rounded, posterior slightly subtruncate. Umbones of moderate size,
close together, nearly median. Hinge-area small. Hinge with from four to six
oblique teeth on each side. Ornamentation consists of numerous radial ribs, which
bear finer ribs, and are crossed by fine concentric ribs.
Measurements :
(1) (2)
Leneth ; : : 12°5 : 1 mmie
Height : : i : : Ons
(1) and (2) from Shanklin.
1 Dall considers that the name Glycimeris, Da Costa, should be adopted in place of Pectunculus
or Avinea. Until the necessity for this change has been definitely shown, I prefer to retain the name
which has been in general use for the last hundred years. Dall, ‘Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci.
Philadelphia,’ vol. ii, pt. iv (1898), pp. 571, 607. Cossman, ‘ Rev. Crit. Paléozool.’ (1899), p. 66.
PECTUNCULUS. 67
Affinities. —This is similar to P. sublevis, Sowerby, but is smaller, proportion-
ately less convex, and with less prominent umbones.
Remarks.—Three specimens from the Lower Greensand of Upware, which
were referred by Keeping (vide supra) to Pectunculus marullensis (and are
preserved in the Woodwardian Museum), seem to differ from that species in
having a subquadrate outline and more prominent umbones; the surface of the
shell in those specimens is worn, and it is consequently impossible to compare
satisfactorily the ornamentation. One example shows the hinge, but, unfortu-
nately, very indistinctly ; so far as I can see, the lateral teeth appear to be like
those of Cucullza rather than Pectunculus.
Types.—From the Neocomian of Marolles.
Distribution.—Ferruginous Sands (upper beds) of Shanklin.
2. Upper Cretaceous Species.
PECTUNCULUS sUBLavis, Sowerby, 1824. Plate XIV, figs. 1a—c, 2a, b, 8 a—d,
4 a—c, 5 a—e, 6, 7.
1824, PrctuncuLus suBLavis, J. de C. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. v, p. 112,
pl. eceelxxii, fig. 4.
1850. = — A. d’ Orbigny, Prodr. de Pal., vol. ii, p.163 (partim).
1854. — — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 220.
1868. — — A. Briart and F. L. Cornet. Descript. de la Meule
de Bracquegnies (Mém. Cour. et Mém. des
Sav. étrangers, Acad. Roy. Belg, (vol. xxxiv),
p- 61, pl. v, figs. 21—23.
PP 1883. — — W. Keeping. Foss., &c., Upware and Brickhill,
p» 215) ploy, fig..o:
Non 1837. — — A. Goldfuss. Petref. Germ., vol. ii, p. 160, pl.
exxvi, fig. 3.
— 1818. — — H. B. Geinitz. Die Verstein. von Kieslingswalda,
p- 14, pl. i, figs. 19—21.
— 1846. — — A, E. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreide-
format., pt. ii, p. 9, pl. xxxv,
figs LO wr,
— 1847. — —- J. Miller. Mon, Petr. der Aachen. Kreidef.,
Posi pea.
? — 1883. — — HI, Schroder. Zeitschr. der Deutsch. geol
Gesellsch., vol. xxxiv, p. 274.
Description.—Shell stout, convex, longer anteriorly than posteriorly, but
sometimes nearly equilateral; outline rounded or somewhat subquadrate ; usually
a little longer than high. Antero-dorsal part compressed, with a rounded
68 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
anterior border; posterior border subtruncate, dorsal part of it nearly straight ;
posterior extremity slightly angular. Umbones of moderate size. Hinge-line
long. Hinge-area moderately broad, with many ligament-grooves. Ornamenta-
tion consists of broad radial ribs separated by narrow grooves—the main ribs
bearing smaller ribs; this ornamentation is less distinctly marked antero-dorsally
and postero-dorsally, the change in passing to the former area being gradual, to
the latter rather sudden. At distant intervals there are lines of growth. Huinge-
plate stout, with two or three small transverse teeth ; and oblique, moderately long
lateral teeth (usually six to nine). Adductor impressions well marked; the
anterior subtrigonal, the posterior smaller and oval. Margins strongly crenu-
lated.
Measurements :
(5) Average of
(1) (2) (3) (4) 29 specimens.
Length . 24 . 22 ; J6 ~ 13:5> 2) 8-656 mime
1 16. 13) > Weods-ongere
Height” =) 22:96.) 2
(1—5) from Blackdown.
Affinities. —A species from the Aachen Greensand was described and
figured by Goldfuss as P. sublevis, Sowerby; but it has been shown by later
authors to be distinct from the latter; Rémer' and also Brauns,’ have referred it
to P. lens, Nilsson,® but the characters of that form are known only from
internal casts. Boéhm*has named the Aachen form P. du, but Holzapfel,’ in a
later work, refers it to P. Geinitzi, d’Orbigny,® the type of which is P. sublevis,
Geinitz,’ non Sowerby, from Kieslingswald. The Aachen species is rather
variable, but a comparison of several specimens.and of the good series of figures
given by Holzapfel, shows that it generally differs from P. sublevis, Sowerby, in
the following features :
(1) The average size of the adults is considerably larger, and the valves
are less inflated than in P. sublevis.
(2) The hinge-area is smaller and the external teeth shorter.
(3) The shell is more quadrate in form, and, as a rule, a little higher than long,
(4) The ribs are more flattened and are separated by striae.
' «Die Verstein. des norddeutsch. Kreidegeb.’ (1841), p. 68.
2 “Die senon Mergel des Salzberges., &c.,”’ ‘ Zeitsch. f. d. gesammt. Naturwiss.,’ vol. xlvi (1876),
p. 383.
> « Petrif. Suecana’ (1827), p. 15, pl. v, fig. 4; Hennig, ‘ Revis. af Lamellibr. i Nilsson’s “ Petrif.
Suecana,” ‘ Kongl. Fysiogr. i Lund Handl.,’ vol. viii (1897), p. 63.
* “Verhandl. des naturhist. Vereines der preuss. Rheinl., &e.,’ vol. xlii (1885), p. 93.
» “Die Mollusk. der Aachen. Kreide.,” ‘ Paleontographica,’ vol. xxxv (1889), p. 210, pl. xxiii,
figs. 11, 12; pl. xxiv, figs. 1—10.
° “Prodr. de Pal.,’ vol. ii (1850), p. 196.
7 “Die Verstein. von Kieslingswalda’ (1843), p. 14, pl. ii, figs. 19—21.
PECTUNCULUS. 69
In P. obsoletus, Goldfuss,' the shell is oblique, and more oval and rounded in
form than in P, sublevis.
P, subpulvinatus, V Archiac,’ from the Tourtia of Tournay, is also more oblique
and has the posterior border more rounded.
For the relation of this species to P. wibonatus, Sowerby, see p. 70.
The two examples described by Keeping (vide supra) from the Lower Green-
sand of Upware appear to differ from P. sublevis in being less inflated and
in having a higher area, but the specimens are not sufficiently perfect to allow me
to give a definite opinion on their affinities.
Types.—From Blackdown ; in the British Museum.
Distribution.—Greensand of Blackdown (zones xi and x11); Lower Gault (zone
vi) of Folkestone (fide Price).
PecTUNCULUS UMBONaATUS (Sowerby), 1817. Plate XIV, figs. 8 a—c, 9a—c, 10 a—e,
Te)
1817. Carpium umBonatum, J. Sowerby. Min. Conch., vol. ii, p. 128, pl. elvi,
figs. 2—4.,
1824. PrectuNcuLus umBonatus, J.de C. Sowerby. Ibid., vol. v, p. 118, pl. ecelxxii,
fiz. 3.
1854. = — J. Morris. Cat. Brit. Foss., ed. 2, p. 220.
1868. — = A. Briart and F. L. Cornet. Descript. de la Meule
de Bracquegnies (Mém. Cour. et Mém.
des Sav. étrangers, Acad. Roy. Belg.,
vol. xxxiv), p. 61, pl. v, figs. 19, 20?
Non 1837. -— — A. Goldfuss. Petref. Germ., vol. ii, p. 160, pl.
exxvi, fig. 2.
?— 1841. ~— -— F. A. Romer. Die Verstein. des norddeutsch.
Kreideformat., p. 68.
— 1846. — — A. BH. Reuss. Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreide-
format., pt. il, p. 9, pl xl,
fig. 20.
— 1857. — — J. W. Salter. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soe., vol.
xiii, p. 86. (For remarks on
this form see Jukes-Browne,
Geol. Mag., 1898, p. 29.)
Description.—Shell rather inflated and more or less circular or shghtly sub-
quadrate, usually a little higher than long, nearly equilateral. Anterior margin
1 « Petref. Germ.,’ vol. ii (1837), p. 160, pl. exxvi, fig. 4; Geinitz, “Das Elbthalgeb. in Sachsen”
‘ Paleontographica,’ vol. xx, pt. i (1873), p. 228, pl. xlix, figs. 7—11.
2 «Mém. Soc. Géol. de France,’ ser. 2, vol. xii (1846), p. 306, pl. xv, fig. 2.
70 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
generally evenly rounded, sometimes forming an obtuse but rounded angle with
the hinge-margin. Posterior extremity shghtly angular; dorsal part of the
posterior margin subtruncate, straight or slightly curved. Hinge-line long.
Umbones prominent, pointed; valves compressed in the postero-dorsal region.
Hinge-area broad, with several ligament-grooves. Ornamentation consists of broad
radial ribs bearing finer ribs, and separated by narrow grooves ; the ribs are crossed
by lines of growth and by faintly marked concentric ridges.’ On the anterior and
posterior parts of the valves the radial ribs are less distinct. Central teeth (two
to four) small, transverse ; lateral teeth (eight to ten) long and oblique. Anterior
adductor impression large, subtrigonal; posterior adductor a little smaller and
rounded. Margins of valves strongly crenulate.
Measurements :
(4) Average of
(1) (2) (3) 27 specimens,
Length . 18 7A 15 18°851 mm.
Height . 20 : 19 16 1929245:
(1—4) from Blackdown.
Affinities—This species differs from P. sublevis, Sowerby, in the shell being
less stout, more inflated, and usually higher than long; also in having a broader
hinge-area, more prominent umbones, and fewer ribs. It resembles P. novricus,
Zittel,’ in general form, but that species appears to be usually larger, with rather
less prominent umbones, fewer ribs, and less oblique lateral teeth.
The form from the Senonian of Coesfeld and Quedlinburg, which was referred
by Goldfuss (vide supra) to this species, has been regarded as distinct by Rémer,®
and named P. decussatus ; a fuller description, but without figures, is given by
Brauns.* I have seen no examples of that form. The name was changed by
d’Orbigny ° to subdecussatus, since decussatus had been used previously (1813) by
Sowerby for an Hocene species.
Types.——F rom Blackdown; in the British Museum.
Distribution.—Blackdown Greensand (zone vii, and occasionally beneath it).
Lower Gault (zones vi and vu) of Folkestone (fide Price). Folkestone Beds of
Copt Point, Folkestone.°
1 Seen in only a few specimens.
2 “ Die Bivaly. der Gosaugeb.,” pt. i, ‘ Denkschr. der k. Akad. der Wissensch. Math.-nat. Cl.,’ vol.
xxlv (1865), p. 167, pl. ix, fig. 9.
8 «Die Verstein. des norddeutsch. Kreidegeb.’ (1841), p. 69.
4 « Die senon. Mergel des Salzberges, &c.,” ‘ Zeitsch. f. d. gesammt. Naturwiss.,’ vol. xlvi (1876),
p- 383.
5 *Prodr. de Pal.,’ vol. ii (1850), p. 248.
° There are three specimens from this horizon in the Woodwardian Museum; the surface of the
shell is not perfectly preserved, but I have very little doubt that they are referable to this species.
LIMOPSIS. 71
PECTUNCULUS EUGLYPHUS, sp. nov. Plate XIV, figs. 13 a—e.
Deseription.—Shell inflated, nearly equilateral, outline rounded, length and
height nearly equal; posterior border (especially its dorsal part) less curved than
the anterior. Umbones large. Hinge-line moderately long. Ornamentation con-
sists (1) on the anterior part of the valves of numerous fine, rounded, radial ribs,
crossed by very faint concentric ridges and a few distant growth-lines ; the radial
ribs are separated by well-marked but narrow grooves with puncta; (2) on the
posterior part of the valves of broader, flatter radial ribs, crossed in a regular
manner by fine, rather closely-set concentric ridges.
Measurements :
Length . : : ; 22 mm.
Height . : : : : 22) 55
Affinities.— Pectunculus subpulvinatus, d Archiac, from the 'Tourtia of Tournay,
apparently differs from this species in the obliquity and greater convexity of the
valves, and in the ornamentation being somewhat coarser and of the same type on
the anterior and posterior parts of the shell.
P. euglyphus is more inflated than P. sublevis, and also differs in the character
of the ornamentation.
Types.— Three specimens in Mr. Meyer’s collection.
Distribution.—Chalk Marl (Meyer’s Bed 11) of Dunscombe.
Genus—Limopsis, A. Sasso, 1827.
[‘ Giornale Ligustico di Scienze,’ i, p. 476. |
LIMopsIS ALBIENSIS, sp. nov. Plate XV, figs. 1 a—d, 2—4.
1874. Pxrctuncuuvs, sp., Ff. G. H. Price. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxx,
p- 360 (in list from Bed ii).
1879. —— — (= Lvcina ornBictLarRis ?), Price. The Gault, p. 62.
Description.—Shell small, oval, shorter than high, somewhat inequilateral and
oblique, of moderate convexity, compressed postero-dorsally. Anterior and
ventral margins evenly rounded, posterior less curved and forming a blunt angle
with the hinge-line. Umbones of moderate size, pomted. Hinge-line long, more
extended posteriorly than anteriorly. Hinge-area long. Ornamentation consists
of broad, flattened concentric ridges, separated by sharp, narrow grooves. Radial
72 CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
ribs slender, faintly marked, sometimes indistinct in part, better marked near the
umbones and on the postero-dorsal region than elsewhere. Anterior teeth (about
five) short and nearly perpendicular; posterior (about six) more oblique, the
external being nearly horizontal. Margins entire.
Measurements :
(1) (2) (8)
Length . 5°) : : 4°25 : : 3°79 mm.
Height. 6:0 ; : Ard : : AP ONL.
Affinities—This appears to be similar to the form described as Pectunculus
insculptus, Reuss, from the Priesen Beds of Bohemia, but since the figures! of
that form show casts only it is difficult to determine its affinities. The hinge-line
in P. insculptus seems to be much more curved, forming a fairly sharp angle at
the umbo, and the teeth are also more numerous than in L. albiensis.
In P. reticulatus, Reuss,’ the radial ribs are much better marked than in
L. alliensis.
T'ypes.—In the Museum of Practical Geology.
Distribution.—Lower Gault (zones u1, i, and vi) of Folkestone.
Linmopsis, sp. Plate XV, figs. 5a—c, 6a—c.
1897. Linmopsts, sp., H. Woods. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. hii, p. 379, pl.
xxvil, figs. 7, 8.
Description.—Shell small, oval, convex, a little oblique, higher than long;
margins of valves not crenulate. Casts show fine radial striz, sometimes crossed
by a few shallow concentric furrows.
Measurements :
length . : : ; : : ; 8 mm.
Height . : : : : : 7
Remarks.—At present this species is known only from internal casts, so that
39
a complete description cannot be given; it seems, however, to be distinct from
other forms.” I have not been able to make out satisfactorily the hinge
1 Geinitz, ‘Char, der Schicht. u. Petref. d. sachs.-bohm. Kreidegeb.,’ pt. 111 (1842), p. 78, pl. xx,
fig. 17; Reuss, ‘Die Verstein. der bohm. Kreidef.,’ pt. ii (1846), p. 8, pl. xxxv, fig. 5; Fritsch, ‘Stud.
im gebiete der bohm. Kreidef.,’ v. Priesener Schichten (1893), p. 93, fig. 106.
2 Reuss, ibid., p. 8, pl. xxxv, figs. 7, 8.
* Compare with the following, most of which are known as casts only :
(i) LZ. calvus, Sowerby, ‘Trans. Geol. Soc.,’ ser. 2, vol. ii (1832), p. 417, pl. xxxviii, fig. 2;
Zittel, “* Die Bivalv. der Gosaugeb.,’’ ‘ Denkschr. d. k. Ak. d. Wissensch. Wien. Math.-nat. Cl.,’ vol.
xxiv (1865), p. 165, pl. ix, fig. 8.
(i) L. rhomboidalis, Alth, ‘ Haidinger’s Naturwiss. Abhandl.,’ vol. iii, pt. 2 (1850), p. 238,
pl. xii, fig. 17; J’avre, ‘ Moll. Foss. Craie de Lemberg’ (1869), p. 121, pl. xii, figs. 11, 12.
The figures are of natural size unless the amount of enlargement is stated.
PLATE I.
Genus Nucurana, Link.
FIGS.
1—3. N. spathulata (Forbes). (P. 1.)
1. The Type. Atherfield Clay, Atherfield. Mus. Geol. Soc., No. 2112.
2. Crackers, Atherfield. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, right
valve; 6, anterior of same; c, same valve x 2.
3. Same horizon, locality, &e. Left valve.
4, 5, N. subrecurva (Phil.). Speeton Clay, Speeton. Leckenby Collection,
Woodwardian Museum. (P. 2.)
4. a, left valve; 6, anterior view; ¢, dorsal. Figured by Gardner.
5. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
6, 7. N. speetonensis, Woods. Speeton Clay, Speeton. Museum of Practical
Geology, No. 6412. (P. 3.)
6. a, left valve; 6, ornament x 2.
7. a, left valve; b, dorsal view.
8—14. N. [? Yoldia| scapha (d’Orb.). 8—138, Atherfield Clay, Sevenoaks.
(P.3:)
8. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. a, right valve; b, dorsal view; c, ornament x 2.
Figured by Gardner.
9. British Museum, No. L 9280. Left valve.
10 1 — Right valves.
12. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. Left valve.
13. — — Right valve.
14. Speeton Clay, Speeton. Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
15—17. WN. Seeleyi (Gardn.). Speeton Clay, Speeton. (P. 5.)
15. The Type. Leckenby Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; 3,
dorsal view.
16. Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; 0, dorsal.
17. Bed C 3. Collection of G. W. Lamplugh. a, left valve; 6, dorsal outline.
18—24, N. solea (d’Orb.). Gault, Folkestone. (P. 5.)
18, 19. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valves.
20. Montagu Smith Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Interior of left valve x 2.
21—24. British Museum, No. L 4974. 21, 23, and 24, right valves; 22, left valve.
25—27. N. Marizx (d’Orb.). Gault, Folkestone. (P. 6.)
25. British Museum, No. L 4973. a, right valve; 6, dorsal outline; c, same x 2.
26. British Museum, No. L 4973. a, right valve; 6, same x 3.
27. Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
98—-32. N. lineata (Sow.). 28—31, Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 7.)
28. The Type, Bristol Museum. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
29. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. Left valve.
80. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
31. — — — a, outline of left valve; 6, same
x 2; c, same, dorsal, x 2; d, interior of another specimen, right valve, x 3.
32. Lower Greensand, Atherfield. Gardner Collection, British Museum, No. L 5109.
a, outline of right valve; b, same X 2; ¢, dorsal view X 2.
33—35. N. angulata (Sow.). Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 8.)
33. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. a, outline of right valve; 6, same X 4; ¢, another
specimen, dorsal view, x 4.
34. a, outline of right valve; b, same x 4.
35. The Types, British Museum, No. 43213. a, outline of right valve; b, same x 3;
c, dorsal view of another specimen x 3; d, interior of another specimen, right
valve, x 3.
PLATE I.
25a
29. 32d.
28b
Sla
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CRETACHOUS LAMBLIIBRANCHIA.
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PLATE II.
Nucutana (continued).
FIGS.
1—3. N. phaseolina (Mich.). Gault, Folkestone. (P. 9.)
1. British Museum, No. L 5106. a, left valve; b, dorsal view; ¢, posterior; d, left
valve x 2.
2,3. British Museum, No. L 4969. 2a, right valve; 2, same x 3; 3, left valve.
4—9, N. Vibrayeana (d’Orb.). 4—8, Gault, Folkestone. British Museum,
No, U 4071. (e009
4. a, right valve; b, same X 2; c, dorsal view x 2.
5. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
6—8. Left valves.
9. Cambridge Greensand (derived from Gault). The Type of WV. subelliptica, Seeley,
Carter Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve; natural internal mould.
10. NW. sp., cf. siliqua (Goldf.). Chalk Rock (zone of Het. Reussianum), Cuck-
hamsley. Montagu Smith Collection, Woodwardian Museum.
a, internal mould of left valve; b, mould of teeth x 3. (P. 11.)
Genus Nucuta, Lamarck.
11—15. N. planata, Desh. 11—13, Speeton Clay, Speeton. Leckenby Collec-
tion, Woodwardian Museum. (P. 12.)
11. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view. Figured by Gardner, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,
x] (1884), pl. v, f. 3.
12. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
13. Right valve, somewhat crushed. Figured by Gardner, zbid., pl. v, f. 2.
14. Crackers, Atherfield. Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; b, dorsal view.
Figured by Gardner, zbid., pl. v, f. 1.
15. Crackers, Atherfield. Leckenby Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
16, 17. N. sp. Claxby Ironstone (zone of Belemnites lateralis), Benniworth
Haven. Woodwardian Museum. (P. 13.)
16. a, left valve; 6, same, interior filled with oolitie ironstone; c, same, posterior ;
d, same, dorsal. Figured by Gardner (as WV. Cornueliana, d’Orb.), Qaart. Journ.
Geol. Soc., xl (1884), pl. v, f. 5, 6.
17. Richt valve.
18, 19. N. Lamplughi, Woods. Speeton Clay (D 4), Speeton. Collection of
G. W. Lamplugh. (P. 14.)
18. a, right valve; b, dorsal view.
19. Left vaive.
20. N. sp. Lower Greensand, Atherfield. British Museum. (P. 14.)
a, left valve, outline; 6, same X 2; e¢, same, dorsal view of both valves x 2; d, same,
posterior view X 2. :
21. N. Meyeri, Gardn. Lower Greensand, Atherfield. British Museum. The
Type. (P. Lo.)
a, left valve, outline; 6,same x 2; ¢, same, dorsal view of both valves x 2.
22—27. N. pectinata, Sow. Gault, Folkestone (except f. 24). (P. 16.)
22. Montagu Smith Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
23. Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve; 6, same, posterior view; c, same, dorsal.
24, Gault, Aylesford. Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
25. Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
26. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
27. Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; 6, posterior view; ¢, portion of ornamen-
tation of left valve enlarged.
PLATE I.
16a. : = 16 4.
Tip. i6b ’ WW
18a. 20b. 20d
E Wilson del.,W.H. Crowther lith. Weet, Newman imp.
CRETACEOUS WAMELEIRRAN CHIA.
PLATE Tt.
Nucuta (continued).
FIGS.
1—12. N. (Acila) bivirgata, Sow. Gault, Folkestone (except f. 12). (P. 19.)
1, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve x 1}.
2. British Museum, No. L 5907. a, outline of left valve; 6, same x 14; e, dorsal
outline. Figured by Gardner.
3. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve x 13.
4, British Museum, No. L 5907. Left valve x 14. Figured by Gardner.
— No. L 4972. a, right valve; 6, posterior end; ¢, dorsal x 13.
Nn
6. oo — Left valve x 14.
dle — — Median portion of left valve x 13.
8. = — Median portion of right valve x 1}.
9. — — Left valve x 13.
10. — No. L 5102. Hinge of right valve x 2.
11. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. Antero-ventral portion of left valve x 6.
12. Cambridge Greensand. Woodwardian Museum. Internal mould, right valve.
13. N. pectinata, Sow. Cambridge Greensand (derived). Woodwardian
Museum. Internal mould. a, right valve; b, dorsal view.
(P: 16.)
14,15. N. pectinatu, var. crete, Gardner. Greensand, Blackdown. Museum of
Practical Geology. The Types of var. cretz. (P. 18.)
14. a, right valve; 6, dorsal (No. 6449).
15. Left valve (No. 6450).
16—21. WN. ovata, Mant. Gault, Folkestone. (P. 21.)
16, British Museum, No. L 4968. Right valve.
17. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
18—20. British Museum, No, L 4968. 18, right valve. 19. a, left valve; 6, dorsal
view ; 20, right valve.
21. Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve; 8, dorsal.
PLATE I.
TA Brock del. WH.Crowther hth. West, Newman ump
CRETACHOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
PLATE, Ty:
Nucuta (continued).
FIGS,
1. N. ovata, Mant. Gault, Folkestone. British Museum, No. L 4968.
a, right valve; b, dorsal. (P. 21.)
2—4, N. obtusa, Sow. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 22.)
z. The Type, Bristol Museum. a, right valve ; 6, posterior view of same.
3. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6351. Right valve.
4. — — = Left valve. Figured by Gardner.
a, left valve ; 4, posterior of same; ce, dorsal of same; d, hinge x 2.
5—8. N. impressa, Sow. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 23.)
5. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
6. — — — _ a, left valve ; 6, dorsal ; c, posterior.
7. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum, Interior of right valve x 2.
8. Probably the type of WV. apiculata, Sowerby. Museum of the Geological Society,
No. 1564. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
9—16. VN. albensis, V’Orb. Gault, Folkestone. (P. 24.)
9. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 1638. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view.
10. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
11. Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
12. British Museum, No. 4963. a, left valve ; 6, dorsal view.
138. ae — — — —
14. Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; 6, dorsal view.
15. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. a, left valve; 6, dorsal view.
16. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
17. N. albensis? @Orb. Greensand, Blackdown. Wiltshire Collection,
Woodwardian Museum. Right valve. (P. 25.)
18—21. N. gaultina, Gardn. Gault, Folkestone. British Museum, No. 4970.
(E25)
18. a, right valve ; 6, posterior ; ¢c, dorsal.
19. Left valve.
20. Right valve.
21. a, left valve, outline; 6, same x 13; e, dorsal x 13.
2296. N. antiquata, Sow. Greensand, Blackdown. Wiltshire Collection,
Woodwardian Museum. (P. 26.)
22. a, left valve; 6, dorsal view ; ¢, posterior.
23. a, right valve; b, dorsal view.
24. a, dorsal view ; J, left valve.
25. Interior of right valve xX 2.
26. Right valve.
27,28. N.sp. Chalk Rock (zone of Het. Reussianuwm), Cuckhamsley. Montagu
Smith Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Internal moulds of
right valves. (P. 27.)
PLATE IV.
19 ; 21b
T.M.Brock del. WH.Crowther lifh West ,Newmem amp
CRHETACHOUS LAMBELLIBRANCHIA,
FIGS.
PEATE Ve
Genus ANoMIA, Linneus.
1—3. A. pseudoradiata, d’Orb. Lower Greensand. (P. 27.)
i.
6—9. A. le
6.
a |
(9.0)
Crackers, Atherfield. Woodwardian Museum. a, outline of left valve; 6, same
x 14; ¢, ornament of same x 6.
. Atherfield Beds, Redhill. British Museum, No. L 9288. Left valve.
. Atherfield. Museum of the Geological Society. Left valve (young specimen) x 13.
Crackers, Atherfield. (P. 28.)
. Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardiau Museum. a, left valve, outline ; b,same X 2.
vigata, Sow. Lower Greensand. (P. 29.)
Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6414. Hythe Beds, Lympne. ? Interior of
left valve. One of the Types.
. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6415. Atherfield Beds, Peasmarsh. a, left
valve; 6, dorsal view of same.
. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6417. Punfield. a, left valve; 0, dorsal.
. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. Ferruginous Sands, Shanklin. Left valve.
10. A. convexa, Sow. Lower Greensand, Shanklin. Museum of the Geological
Society, No. 2032. a, left valve; 6, dorsal view. (P. 29.)
ll. dA. cf. pseudoradiata, d@Orb. Gault, Black Ven. Museum of Practical
Dee SAS wore
Geology, No. 6440. a, left valve; b, portion x 3. (P. 30.)
msversa, Seel. Cambridge Greensand. Woodwardian Museum.
a, left valve; b, dorsal view of same. (P. 30.)
13—16. A. papyracea, VOrb. Lower Chalk—Totternhoe Stone (zone of Holaster
13.
14.
15.
16.
subglobosus). (P. 31.)
Woodwardian Museum. Burwell. Left valve. Figured by Etheridge. The
dorsal part of the shell is crushed, giving the umbo the appearance of being at
the margin.
York Museum. Reach. Left valve. Dorsal part of shell is crushed.
Woodwardian Museum. Burwell. Left valve. Figured by Etheridge.
Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
eae Aine aye
TM Brock del. WH Crowther hth. West, Newnian. imp
CRETACHOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
PLATE VI.
Genus Arca, Lamarck.
FIGS.
1—3. A. Dupiniana, @Orb. (P. 32.)
1, 2. Perna-bed, Atherfield. Leckenby Collection. Woodwardian Museum. 1 a, right
valve; 10, dorsal view of same specimen ; 2, linge of left valve x 1}.
3. Ferruginous Sands, Shanklin. Collection of C.J. A. Meyer. Ornamentation on
the right valve near the ventral margin below the umbones x 3.
4,5.
P
bi
Be
we
T.ABrock del. West, Newman imp
A.T.Holhek lth
CRETACHOUS LAMELULIBRANCHIA.
PAE exe
FIGS. y
1—3. Cucullea Forbesi (Pict. and Camp.). Perna-bed, Atherfield. (P.
1. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve. :
2. Woodwardian Museum. 4a, dorsal ; 4, anterior of right valve; c, part of d
3. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, hinge and area of left val
exterior of left valve. ;
Meo
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i
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PLATE X.
CucuLLaia (continued).
1—3. C. Cornueliana (d’Orb.). Crackers, Atherfield. (P. 50.)
1. Leckenby Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve; b, dorsal outline ;
c, ornamentation X 4.
2. Leckenby Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve ; 0, dorsal.
3. Woodwardian Museum. Hinge x 2.
4—7. OC. Fittoni (Pict.and Camp.). Crackers, Atherfield. (P. 52.)
4. Leckenby Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, outline of left valve; 6, same
x 13; ¢, posterior of same x 13; d, dorsal of same x 13.
5. Woodwardian Museum. Hinge and area x 2.
6. Leckenby Collection. Left valve.
7. Wiltshire Collection. Right valve.
8—10. OC. vagans, Keeping. Lower Greensand (Black-grit nodule), Upware.
Woodwardian Museum. (P. 52.)
8, Drawn from a wax mould of an external cast. Right valve.
9, Natural internal mould. Right valve. Figured by Keeping.
10. Ornamentation x 3.
11—14. ©. (Dicranodonta) donningtonensis, Keeping. Claxby Ironstone (zone
of Belemnites lateralis), Benniworth Haven. Woodwardian
Museum. (P. 54.)
11. a, left valve ; 0, dorsal ; ¢, interior.
12. Hinge of left valve.
13, Ornamentation X 3.
14. Right valve.
PLATE X.
T.A.Brock del. West, Newman imp.
AT. Hollick hth.
CRETACHKOUS LAMELULIBRANCHIA.
PLATE XI.
CucuLuaa (continued).
FIGS.
1,2. C. (Dicranodonta) donningtonensis, Keeping. Claxby Ironstone (zone
of Belemnites lateralis), Benniworth Haven. Woodwardian
Museum. (P. 54.)
1. a, left valve; 0, interior.
2. Right valve.
3,4. C. (Dicranodonta ?) obliqua (Keeping). Lower Greensand, Upware.
Woodwardian Museum. (P. 55.)
3. a, right valve, outline; b, same x 13; ¢, dorsal.
4. Left valve, interior.
5—7. C. venusta, Nyst. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 56.)
5. The Type, Bristol Museum. Left valve. a, dorsal outline; b, outline; c, same
x 2. ;
G. The Type, Bristol Museum. Left valve. a, outline; 6, same x 2.
7. Collection of C. J. A, Meyer. a, right valve x 3 (the outer layers of the shell
are absent, so that the apparent ornamentation diifers from that in figs. 5 and 6) ;
b, dorsal view of same X 3.
8—12. C. glabra, Parkinson. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 57.)
8. British Museum, No. 26926. a, left valve; 6, dorsal of same specimen; c, orna-
mentation x 6.
9. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve; 0, dorsal view.
10. Woodwardian Museum. Hinge of the left valve of a young form x 4.
11. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Hinge of right valve—later stage
than fig. 10O— x 2.
12. Woodwardian Museum. Hinge of right valve x 1}.
PLATE Xl.
aut
(SWI
Bre
\
T.A. Brock del. West, Newman imp
A..T. Hollick lith.
CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA.
PLATH XE:
Cuctutnma (continued).
FIGs.
I—5. CO. glabra, Parkinson. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 57.)
La, 6, 2. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valves.
3. Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve; 6, dorsal view of same specimen.
4. — — Left valve.
5. Elongate variety. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Left valve.
6—8. C. obesa, Pict. and Camp. Gault. (P. 61.)
6. Folkestone. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Young form. Right
valve.
7. Same locality and Collection. a, left valve; 5, dorsal view of same.
8. Cambridge Greensand (derived from the Gault). Woodwardian Museum.
Internal cast. a, left valve ; 6, posterior view.
PLATE XII.
as
T.A.Brock del West, Newman imp
W.H. Crowther lith.
CRETACEOUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA
FIGS.
1—3.
4, 5.
6.
Ze
8.
95 10;
PLATE XIII.
Cucuttma (continued).
CQ. nana, Leym. Gault, Folkestone. British Museum, No. L 4946.
(P. 62.)
1. a, left valve; 6, dorsal of same; c, same X 2; d, left x 2; e, anterior view x 1}.
(The umbo is slightly pressed in, and consequently in la, d, appears less sharp
than usual.)
2. Right valve x 2.
3. Left valve ; the posterior margin is slightly imperfect. x 14.
C, Mailleana (d’Orb.). (P. 63.)
4, Chalk Marl, Pinhay Cliffs. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer. a, left valve; 5, same,
x 14; c, same, dorsal, x 14.
5. Chloritic Marl, Maiden Bradley. Woodwardian Museum. With the shell partly
removed. a, right valve; 6, dorsal of same specimen.
C., sp. Chalk Marl (Bed 10), Dunscombe. Collection of C. J. A. Meyer.
a, right valve ; b, dorsal outline; ¢, ornamentation x 4. (P. 64.)
Genus Isoarca, Miinster.
I, Agassizi, Pict. and Roux. Cambridge Greensand (derived). Internal
mould. Figured by Jukes-Browne. Woodwardian Museum.
a, left valve; b, dorsal. (P. 65.)
I. obesa (d’Orb.). Chloritic Marl, Ball Wood. Museum of Practical
Geology, No. 6349. a, left valve; b, dorsal; c, ornamentation
GD (Us OSs)
Genus PEctuncuLus, Lamarck.
Pectunculus marullensis, Leym. Ferruginous Sands, Shanklin. Collec-
tion of C. J. A. Meyer. (P. 66.)
9. Left valve. a, x 2; b, interior; ¢, dorsal outline.
10. Left valve x 3 (another specimen).
10
imp
1an
West, New:
A
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rita
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om
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i
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PLATE XIV.
ProtuncuLus (continued).
FIGS,
1—7. P. sublevis, Sow. Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 67.)
1 a—c. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
2 a, b. Walton Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
3. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve. a, interior; d, dorsal;
c, exterior x 2; d, ornament of same x 5.
4. Same Collection. Young form. a, left valve; 6, same x 2; ¢, dorsal outline.
5. Same Collection. a, 6, right valve; e, dorsal outline.
6, 7. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6573. Left valves.
8—12. P. umbonatus (Sow.). Greensand, Blackdown. (P. 69.)
8. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, right valve; 0, outline of interior
of same; ce, dorsal outline.
9. Walton Collection, Woodwardian Museum. a, left valve x 13; 6, dorsal x 14;
¢, ornamentation xX 5.
10. Same Collection. a, left valve; 6, interior; ec, dorsal.
11. Wiltshire Collection, Woodwardian Museum. Right valve.
12. Museum of Practical Geology, No. 6572. Right valve.
13. P. euglyphus, Woods. Chalk Marl (Bed 11), Dunscombe. Collection of
C.J; A. Meyers (Ba71))
13. a, right valve, outline; b, dorsal outline of same; ec, ornamentation on anterior
part of shell x 4; d, ornamentation on posterior part of shell x 4; e, same
valve » 2,
imp
West, Newman
T.A Brock del
W.H. Crowther lth.
LAME LLIBRANCHIA.
RETACEKOUS
C
PALAONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
INSTITUTED MDCCCXLVIL.
VOLUME FOR 1899.
1/0 N DOWN:
A MONOGRAPH
OF THE
Pv ti Shee ean BONER ER EROUS
LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
BY
WHEELTON HIND, M.D., B.S.Lonn., F.R.G.S., F.G.S.,
MEMB, SOC. GEOL, BELGIUM.
PAR Ve
EDMONDIDA, CYPRINIDA, CRASSITELLIDA.
Paces 277—360; Puares XXVI—XXXIX.
LO UN DOAN:
PRINTED FOR THE PALZONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY.
1899.
PRINTED BY ADLARD AND SON,
BARTHOLOMEW CLOSE, E.C., AND 20, HANOVER SQUARE, W.
SEDGWICKIA. 277
Genus—Sepewionta, M‘Coy, 1844.
Synonyms :
Sepewrcoxta, M‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 61.
Doxasra (pars), W‘Coy, 1844. Ibid., p. 66.
Lyonsta (pars), d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de paléont., p. 128.
Srepewicxra, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 224.
— ? (SaneuinouitTEs), Meek and Worthen, 1865. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philad., p. 251.
— Meek and Hayden, 1865. Pal. of the Upper Missouri, Smithsonian
Cont. Knowledge, p. 38.
— (SANGUINOLITES ?), Meek and Worthen, 1868. Pal. of Illinois,
vol. iu, p. 537.
— ?, Hall and Whitfield, 1872. Pal. Ohio, vol. ii, p. 89.
_- Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 310.
— Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 290.
— Miller, 1889. N. Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 511.
Generic Characters.—Shell equivalve, inequilateral, more or less ovate and
gibbose. The anterior end is rounded, the posterior obliquely subtruncate,
umbones pointed and raised, dorsal slope much compressed and broad. Hinge
edentulous, or with a single small cardinal tooth in the left valve. Muscle-
impressions very faint; palliai line entire. Surface ornamented by regular,
well-marked, concentric small ridges in the anterior part, which gradually become
obsolete, so that the posterior two thirds of the valve is smooth.
Observations.—The genus was founded by M‘Coy, who described and figured
six species, two of which I am able to retain, but unfortunately the types of the
others are not preserved or are too fragmentary for identification. To these
must be added Venus centralis, M‘Coy, and Dolabra securiformis, M‘Coy, which
doubtless belong to the genus ; unfortunately, however, the type specimen of the
former has decomposed, and that name can no longer be retained, and the latter
is evidently the interior of S. gigantea.
M‘Coy says, ‘“‘The genus Sedqwickia (M‘Coy) is composed of a very elegant
little group of shells, having analogies which place them, as it were, between the
so-called Cypricardix of the older strata, the Avini (Sow.), and the Leptodomi
(M‘Coy).”
The genus Schizodus, to which the Avini are now referred, certainly has a
very close resemblance to Sedgwickia, but the latter genus is distinguished by its
characteristic surface-markings, the edentulous hinge or single small cardinal tooth,
smaller degree of obliquity, and the fact that the umbones are not at all proso-
gyrous. |
I have pointed out antea, p. 228, the unsatisfactory nature of M‘Coy’s genus
36
278 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Leptodomus, but am in agreement with that author in acknowledging the propin-
quity to Sedgwickia of some of the shells originally referred to that genus.
Messrs. Meek and Hayden have given an exhaustive summary of the characters
and affinities of Sedgwickia (op. sup. cit.) ; the shells which they, however, refer to
this genus are much more transverse than any British examples; and these
authors are inclined to refer to the genus several shells of widely different
affinities, such as Leptodomus costellatus, M‘Coy, Sanguinolites variabilis, M‘Coy,
and Leptodomus truncatus, M‘Coy. With regard to the first two of these, at any
rate, there are no grounds whatever for extending the genus to receive them.
I have grave doubts whether any of the three species included by these
authors in the genus really belong to it; and it would appear that they were
themselves in doubt, for their shells are named “ Sedgwickia Topekoensis ?”
* Sedgwickia ? concava,”’ and ‘* Sedgwichia ? altirostrata.” The former of these
is shown in the figure to have a well-marked escutcheon and lunule, characters
which are not present in Sedgwickia.
According to M‘Coy, the hinge in Sedgwickia is edentulous, and in several
species I can see no indications of hinge-teeth in casts, though I must confess
that my material was not very suitable for the demonstration of teeth if these
were very small; but in a specimen of Sedgwichia ovata, Pl. XXVII, fig. 2,
there is an unmistakable cardinal tooth, which is directed obliquely backwards, in
the right valve.
The presence of a small cardinal tooth in at least one species of the genus
emphasises the relationship between Schizodus and Sedgwickia which I have
referred to above, and may indicate the lines along which these forms evolved ;
but more accurate knowledge must be known about the Lamellibranchs of the
earlier paleeozoic rocks before anything can be definitely stated on this subject.
M‘Coy does not advance any evidence for his statement re Sedgwickia, “ They
are entirely without hinge-teeth, their hinge resembling that of Thracia,” all the
figures being those of exteriors. The statement itself, too, seems contradictory,
as the hinge of Thracia possesses a large cartilage socket and ossicle, which are
certainly not to be seen in Sedgwichia.
SEDGWICKIA GIGANTEA, M‘Coy, 1844. Plate XXVI, figs. 1—3; Plate XXVII,
fo 0,
SEDGWICKIA GIGANTEA, MZ‘Ooy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 62, pl. xi,
fig. 40.
DoLaBra SECURIFORMIS, M‘Coy, 1844. Ibid., p. 66, pl. xi, fig. 15.
LYoNSIA SECURIFORMIS, d@’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de paléont., p. 128.
— _- — — Ibid., p. 129.
SEDGWICKIA GIGANTEA. cS 279
SED@WICKIA GIGANTEA, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 224.
DoraBra SECURIFORMIS, Morris, 1854. Ibid., p. 202.
SeDewickra GIG@ANTEA, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 311.
CUCULLHA SECURIFORMIS, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 805.
SEDGWICKIA Gi@antEA, Kirkby, 1880. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxvi,
p. 586.
— — Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 290.
DovaBRA SECURIFORMIS, Htheridge, 1888. Ibid., p. 283.
Specific Characters.—Shell large, ovately rhomboidal, convex, slightly inequi-
lateral. The anterior end is well developed, and its border is elliptically curved,
and is continuous with the upper and lower margins. The inferior border is
markedly convex in front, but becomes almost straight behind, where it rises to
meet the posterior border. The latter is narrowed by the approximation of the
upper and lower margins, and is almost straight, obliquely truncate from above
downwards and backwards, making obtuse angles with the upper and lower
mareins. The hinge-line is curved, produced and depressed posteriorly. The
umbones are large, subcentral, raised, tumid, pointed, incurved, and contiguous.
The umbones rise gradually from the surface of the valve, which appears to have
been evenly convex over its greater extent, but compressed posteriorly. Passing
from the posterior edge of the umbo downwards and backwards obliquely towards
the posterior inferior angle is a ridge, which soon becomes lost on the surface of
the shell.
Interior.—Vhe anterior adductor scar is of moderate size, pear-shaped with
the apex prolonged upwards, and situated immediately within the antero-superior
angle of the shell; the posterior adductor is elongate and rough, situated in the
dorsal slope near the upper margin of the valve. The hinge-plate is edentulous,
small, and narrow, formed by a thickening of the free edge after the manner of
EHdmondia, but less developed. The pallial line is entire.
Heterior.—The anterior portion of the shell is ornamented with numerous
fairly large concentric ridges, separated by shallow sulci, which become entirely
obsolete about the junction of the middle and anterior thirds of the valve, from
which point posteriorly the valve is perfectly smooth except near the margin,
where faint lines of growth may at times be distinguished. Shell very thin.
Dimensions.—The type specimen, Pl. XXVI, fig. 1, figured by M‘Coy,
measures—
Antero-posteriorly . : : >. Ol mms,
Dorso-ventrally : . 40 mm.
A large crushed example, Pl. XXVI, fig. 2, from the Calciferous series of
Randerstone, Fife, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : : : = .@ On,
Dorso-ventrally : : ; . 52mm,
280 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
As both specimens are crushed, it is impossible to obtain an idea of the con-
vexity of the valves.
Localities —Scotland: Limestone No. 6, Randerstone, Fife, Calciferous
Sandstone series; and Magazine, Midlothian, Carboniferous Limestone series.
Ireland: Carrowmacrory, Templeboy ; and in arenaceous shale, Rahan’s Bay,
Dunkinealy.
Observations.—The type specimen is very imperfect and much crushed, as are
also all the specimens I have been able to examine from Randerstone, but there
can be little doubt that M‘Coy’s species was well established. I have fortunately
procured a fine cast of the interior of a pair of valves from Magazine, Pl. XXVI,
fig. 3, which enables me to give details of the interior, and also gives a good idea
of the shape of the shell. The hinge is represented in this specimen by a
hollow groove, showing that M‘Coy was correct in asserting that certain species
of this genus were edentulous.
Mr. Kirkby, referring to the Randerstone shells, says (op. supra cit.), ‘I
have several specimens of a large Schizodus-shaped shell from Limestone No. 6,
Randerstone, which evidently came very close to the Sedgwickia gigantea, M‘Coy.
The specimens which are all more or less crushed are thin-shelled, from three to
three and a quarter inches long, two inches wide, and have the anterior side
marked with the regular strong ridges parallel with the margin that are charac-
teristic of the genus, the remainder of the surface being comparatively smooth.”
I think there is no doubt that this reference is correct, for although much larger,
as far as may be judged from their crushed condition, they are identical in
character with the type.
It would appear that M‘Coy’s figure of 8. gigantea is largely ideal; the type
specimen preserved in the Griffith Collection of the Royal Museum of Science and
Art, Dublin, is very much crushed and imperfect. I have been kindly permitted
by the authorities to re-figure this specimen, Pl. XXVI, fig. 1.
I have placed the Dolabra securiformis, M‘Coy, as a synonym of S. gigantea, of
which it is an internal cast, and its figure, Pl. XXVII, fig. 10, is seen to be
identical with the very perfect specimen from Magazine, near Edinburgh, which is
represented on Pl. XXVI, fig. 3. The casts of S. gigantea do not exhibit any
marked traces of the peculiar external ornament, and are therefore somewhat
difficult to separate from specimens of Protoschizodus in a similar state of
preservation, especially if no trace of the hinge of the latter genus be visible.
SEDGWICKIA OVATA. 281
SEDGWICKIA OVATA, sp. nov. Plate XXVI, figs. 8—11; Plate XXVII, figs. 1—4.
? Lepropomus cosTEeLLatus, Kirkby, 1880. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxvi,
p- 568.
Specific Characters.—Shell transversely and triangularly ovate, gibbose, much
narrowed posteriorly by the approximation of the superior and lower borders.
The anterior border is semicircularly curved, passing without a break in the hinge-
line above and the inferior border below. The latter is gently convex, rising
behind to meet the posterior border at a well-marked obtusely blunted angle. The
posterior margin is narrow, obliquely truncate, and meets the hinge-line above at
an obscure obtuse angle. The hinge-line is arched in front, but extended and
compressed posteriorly. The umbones are swollen, pointed, incurved, con-
tiguous, and directed slightly forwards, elevated above the hinge-line, and
situated about the junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the valve.
The greater part of the valve is regularly swollen, and the umbo arises
gradually from the valve in front, but posteriorly it is limited by a well-marked
rounded ridge which passes downwards and backwards to the postero-inferior
angle of the valve; behind this line, the valve is rapidly compressed, so that the
dorsal slope is hollowed and wide, and the postero-superior angle slightly
expanded. Valves closed all round. Ligament external, contained in a narrow
elongated groove parallel with the edge of the valve.
Intevior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is round and shallow, situated
near the margin at the antero-superior angle, marked off from the cavity of the
umbo by a ridge, and there are small linear accessory muscle-scars immediately
above it. ‘The posterior adductor scar is elongate and almost obsolete, and placed
in the hollow of the dorsal slope. The hinge of the right valve contains a single
small cardinal tooth. Pallial line entire, remote from the margin.
Haterior.—The anterior part of the valve is ornamented with many regular
concentric ridges and grooves, which soon become obsolete, so that the posterior
two thirds of the shell is smooth, and the lines of growth only faintly indicated.
Shell very thin.
Dimensions.— Pl. XX VI, fig. 10, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : : : Be ecieysaniiale
Dorso-ventrally : i ; . ol mm.
Elevation of valve ; 13 mm.
Localities.—England : the Redesdale Ironstone Shale, Redesdale, Northumber-
land. Scotland: the Scorpion-beds of Glencartholme, Hskdale, Dumfriesshire ;
Tweeden Burn, Cement Stone series, Roxburgh; Encrinite-bed, east of Pitten-
weem Harbour, Fife.
282 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Observations.—None of the species of Sedqwickia described by M‘Coy seem to
possess the characters of the shells from Redesdale. I have therefore been obliged
to establish a new species for them. More gibbose and less transverse than
S. gigantea, S. ovata is even less like the subquadrate form of S. scotica, and it is
easily separated from S. suborbicularis by its larger size and its characteristic
contour.
S. ovata is fairly plentiful at Redesdale, but is often badly preserved: figs.
8—10, Pl. XXVI, are from this locality, and fig. 11, Pl. XX VI, from the famous
Scorpion-beds of Glencartholme, Dumfriesshire; the latter locality is supposed to
be at a much lower horizon than the Redesdale Ironstone, and is placed in the
Calciferous Sandstone series. It is interesting to note that the species also
occurs in the same series of the east of Scotland.
I have been able to isolate the hinge in one specimen, and this shows distinctly
that the right valve has a small single cardinal tooth, fig. la, Pl. XXVII. M‘Coy
states that the genus Sedgwickia is edentulous, but figures no specimens; and
although I cannot affirm that any other species of the genus has a tooth in its
hinge, it is possible that, owing to its very small size, this character may have
been overlooked, and it would appear from the cast of S. gigantea, Pl. XXVI, fig. 3,
that that species at least was edentulous. SS. ovata is much more ovate and trans-
verse than S. scotica, and appears not to attain to so large a size. The diagonal
ridge is not so well marked, and the posterior end is narrower and less truncate.
Mr. Kirkby has, I think, identified specimens of this species which occur in
the Encrinite-bed of Mr. Brown, east of Pittenweem Harbour, with Leptodomus
costellatus, M‘Coy (op. supra cit.). I have myself collected from this bed, and
have found Sedgwickia ovata there, but not the other shell. If only the anterior
part of the shell be seen the mistake is easily made. Iam strengthened in this
opinion by drawings of the shell in a MS. book, kindly lent me by Mr. Kirkby, in
which a very typical example of Sedgwickia ovata is called Leptodomus costellatus.
S. ovata has somewhat the shape of S. bullata, M‘Coy, but the elevated ridges
on the front of the shell are very few and far apart in the latter species. The
figure shows only half a dozen; and I think that this shell may possibly be the
fdmondia Josepha of the West of Scotland; but I hesitate yet to give it as a
synonym. None of the other species of Sedgwickia which I have been able to
examine have so few concentric ridges anteriorly.
The original description of S. bullata is as follows :—‘“ Transversely oblong,
very gibbous, length about two thirds the width; anterior side short, rounded;
hinge-line nearly as long as the shell is wide, posterior end slightly oblique,
subtruncate; beaks very large, tumid; an obtusely rounded ridge from the beak
to the posterior angle; anterior side with strong rounded distinct ridges; middle
of the shell and posterior side smooth.”
SEDGWICKIA SCOTICA. 283
SEDGWICKIA scoTica, sp. nov. Plate XXVI, figs. 4—7.
Specific Characters.—Shell of moderate size, inequilateral, quadrately ovate,
tumid in the anterior two thirds, but compressed behind. The anterior portion
of the valve is short but deep, its border regularly and broadly rounded, forming
a continuous curve with the upper and lower margins. The inferior border is
extended, convex, more so at each extremity. The posterior border is narrow,
obliquely truncate from above downwards and backwards, making obtuse angles
with the upper and lower margins. ‘The hinge-line is arched, but is extended, erect,
and nearly straight behind. The umbones are large, gibbose, elevated, contiguous,
and not twisted forwards, and situated in front of the centre of the hinge-line.
The umbonal swelling rises gradually from the convexity of the shell in front,
but is limited behind by a line which passes downwards and_ backwards
obliquely to the postero-inferior angle. Behind this line the shell is rapidly com-
pressed and somewhat expanded.
There is neither lunule nor escutcheon.
The greatest gibbosity of the valves is subumbonal.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small and shallow, situated just
within the margin of the shell at the antero-superior angle. The posterior adductor
sear, shallow and almost obsolete, is placed in the hollow of the dorsal slope.
Hinge as yet unknown. Pallial line entire, situated near the margin of the valve.
Hvterior.—The anterior third of the valve is ornamented with many regular,
fine, concentric ridges, which soon become obsolete, so that the posterior two
thirds of the valve including the umbones is perfectly smooth. Shell very thin.
Dimensions.—Pl. XXVI, fig. 4, a specimen in the possession of Mr. Adam
Whyte of Muirkirk, from the McDonald Limestone of that district, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ' . 44 mm.
Dorso-ventrally ; : : , o7 min:
From side to side : F 4. 2mm.
Localities.—Scotland : the Lower Limestone series of Beith, and the McDonald
Limestone, Muirkirk, Ayrshire.
Observations.—This species is founded upon a number of specimens in the
cabinets of Mr. J. Neilson, Mr. R. Craig, and Mr. Adam Whyte, and bears a closer
resemblance to the general form of Schizodus axiniformis, Phillips, sp., than any
other species of the genus; the posterior end is more truncate and less pointed,
the umbones less prosogyrous than in this species, which possesses a totally distinct
ornamentation to that which obtains in Sedgwickia scotica, and in casts there
appear to be no indications that the hinge possessed teeth.
284. CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
At present this species has only been obtained from the horizon of the Lower
or Beith Limestone, of which the McDonald Limestone at Muirkirk is the
equivalent, the shells occurring in the shales which are found in connection with
the beds of limestone, and not in the limestones themselves.
SEDGWICKIA SUBORBICULARIS, sp. nov. Plate XXVII, figs. 5—8.
Specific Characters.—Shell transversely suborbicular, compressed, very slightly
oblique, inequilateral. The anterior end is short but deep, compressed, its margin
regularly rounded, passing without a break into the superior and inferior borders.
The lower margin is only shghtly convex, the posterior regularly convex, passing
into the hinge-line above and the lower margin below with an uninterrupted
curve. The hinge-line is gently curved, subparallel with the lower border. The
umbones are broad, flattened, raised above the hinge-line, and placed in the
anterior third of the shell. The posterior part of the shell is compressed and
somewhat expanded. The general curvature of the valve is regular, but slight
in amount.
Interior unknown.
Haterior.—The surface is ornamented with about twenty-five regular raised
lines, which separate as they pass backwards, but become obsolete about the
junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the valve. Posteriorly the shell is
almost smooth, or with a few obsolete flattened sulci. If the outer layer of shell
be removed, the inner portion shows obscure radiating lines. Shell very thin.
Dimensions.—Fig. 6, Pl. XX VII, a left valve, measures—
Antero-posteriorly é : : . 36mm.
Dorso-ventrally : ; : . 28 mm.
Hlevation of valve : . 4mm.
Localities.—Scotland: Inverteil Quarry, Linktown, Kirkcaldy ; and Potmetal
Plantation, Kirkcaldy ; Hope Quarry, Pathhead, Haddingtonshire.
Observations.—I have founded this species on four specimens in the Collection
of the Geological Survey of Scotland, one of which, Pl. XXVII, fig. 7, is
that of a very young example. All the specimens have the shell preserved, so
that it is impossible to say anything about the interior of the valve.
None of the six species described by M‘Coy resemble 8. swborbicularis, which
is at once distinguished by its blunt, obtusely rounded posterior end, which is
larger from above downwards than the anterior. The species is also much more
compressed than any other member of the genus.
Both the specimens from Inverteil, figs. 5 and 6, Pl. XXVII, have the
SEDGWICKIA ATTENUATA. 285
umbones and upper part of the centre of the shell eroded, so that the lower
layers of the shell are exposed; but it is doubtful whether any definite opinion as
to the habitat of this species can be based on the fact, Hdmondia, sp., and Pecten,
sp., occurring at the same locality. I think that there is no doubt, however,
that the erosion of the valves is in this case due to the usual cause, that is the
presence of CO, in the water, and that possibly this is an indication of a strong
admixture of fresh with salt water, but a careful research into the fauna of the
bed is necessary to settle the question.
SEDGWICKIA ATTENUATA, M‘Coy, 1844. Plate XXVII, figs. 9, 11—14.
SEDGWICKIA ATTENUATA, M‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 62, pl. xi,
fig. 39.
Lyonsia aTrenvata, d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 128.
SEDGWICKIA ATTENUATA, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 224.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 311.
— — Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 290.
— — Barnes and Holroyd, 1897. Trans. Manch. Geol. Soe.,
vol. xxv, p. 187, fig. 14, 3rd pl.
Specific Characters.—Shell of less than medium size, transversely ovate,
moderately convex, inequilateral. The anterior end is short, convex, deep from
above downwards, and has a well-rounded border, somewhat elliptically curved.
The inferior margin is almost straight except at the extremities. The posterior
border is obliquely truncate from above downwards, almost straight, and narrowed,
the postero-inferior angle being bluntly rounded, the postero-superior being a well-
marked obtuse angle. The hinge-line is curved in front; produced, depressed,
and straight posteriorly. The umbones are tumid, not marked off from the shell
by folds, elevated, and situated in the anterior third of the valve. The valves are
regularly convex, but there is a well-marked ridge which extends from the umbo
to the postero-inferior angle, above which the shell is compressed and flattened.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is shallow, elongate, situated
just within the antero-superior angle. The posterior 1s rounded, shallow, and
situated near the postero-inferior angle in the hollow of the dorsal slope. ‘The
pallial line is entire and remote from the margin.’ The hinge is edentulous. The
interior exhibited obsolete concentric folds in the anterior part of the valve, and
very faint radiating striz over the middle and posterior portions.
Heterior.—The surface seems to be ornamented with fine concentric lines of
growth, strong anteriorly but becoming obsolete posteriorly,
37
286 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA,
Dimensions.—P1l. XX VII, fig. 12, a cast, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . : . 23 mm,
Dorso-ventrally : : : . 14mm.
Laterally . 5 : - 8 tim,
Localities. —England :—In a calcareous grit in the Millstone-grit series of Pule
Hill, Marsden. Ireland: im arenaceous shale, river Bannagh, Drumcurren.
Observations.—The type specimen, fig. 9, Pl. XXVII, of M‘Coy’s Sedgwickia
attenuata—a left valve, not, as shown in his figure, a right valye—is preserved in
the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, and is a very poor example on which to
found a species. However, the description seems to do very well for a shell which
is very plentiful in a curious ochreous, calcareous grit on Pule Hill. This shell
occurs generally in the form of casts, but some idea of the exterior can be obtained
from hollow casts. I have referred this shell to Sedgwickia on account of its
edentulous hinge, truncate posterior end, and oblique ridge.
‘Ihe fauna of this bed is a curious one; the following species occur in it, all in
the form of casts:
Myalina Flemingi, M‘Coy. Bellerophon Urei (very common).
— Vernewilii, M‘Coy. Lingula, sp.
Schizodus antiquus, Hind. Gonitites, sp.
Many species of Gasteropoda.
I think that the bed is somewhat low down in the grit series of Pule Hill.
Sedgwickia attenuata is more transverse than any other species of the genus,
and is not likely to be confounded with any of them.
Genus Epmonpta, de Koninck, 1843.
Corsuta ?, Phillips, 1836. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209.
Luctna?, Phillips, 1836. Ibid., p. 209.
Tsocarpta (pars), Phillips, 1836. Ibid., p. 209.
Epmonpta, de Koninck, 1843. Desc. des Anim. foss., p. 66.
CarpDIoMORPHA (pars), de Koninck, 1843. Ibid., p. 109.
Lurrarta, Portlock, 1843. Rep. Geol. Co. Londonderry, p. 441.
Epmonpia, Morris, 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 88.
Lucia ?, Morris, 1843. Ibid., p. 89.
Lurraria, Morris, 1843. Ibid., p. 91.
— M‘Coy, 1844, Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 52.
Asvarte, Coy, 1844. Ibid., p. 55.
Epmonpia?, M‘Coy, 1844, Ibid., p. 52.
Venerupis, M‘Coy, 1844, Ibid., p. 67.
SANGUINOLITES (pars), M/‘Coy, 1844. Ibid., p. 48.
Carpromorrna, de Verneuil, 1845. Géol. Russie, p. 303.
ALLorisMA (pars), de Vernewil, 1843. Ibid., p. 298.
Scanpia (pars), de Ryckholt, 1847. Mél. paléontol., pl. x, figs. 27, 28.
EDMONDIA. 287
Epmonpria (pars), King, 1849. Permian Fossils, p. 162.
— Brown, 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 198.
SANGUINOLITES (pars), Brown, 1849. Ibid., p. 219.
CarpiomorPHA (pars), d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de paléont., p. 132.
Epmonpta (pars), d’Orbigny, 1850. Ibid., p. 138.
— — MCoy, 1851. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. vii, p. 190.
CarpiomorpHa (pars), de Ryckholt, 1852. Meél. paléontol., pt. 2, p. 93.
PanoPHa (pars) — 1852. Ibid., p. 29.
SOLENOPSIS (pars) — 1852. Ibid., p. 64.
SoLeMya (pars) — 1852. Ibid., p. 51.
CarpiomorpHa, Lichwald, 1853-61. Letha Rossica, p. 1034.
Epmonpra (pars), Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 202.
— M‘Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Rocks and Foss., p. 499.
— Shumard and Swallow, 1858. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, vol. 1, p. 209.
— Swallow, 1860. Ibid., vol. i, p. 635.
_ Salter, 1861. Iron Ores Gt. Brit., pt. 3, p. 221, pl. i, fig. 29.
— Winchell, 1862. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 414.
— — 1863. Ibid., p. 12.
— —- 1865. Ibid., p. 127.
— Meek and Worthen, 1866. Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii (Pal.), p. 864.
— Dawson, 1868-78. Acadian Geology, p. 803.
— Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glas., pt. 3, p. 51.
— Stoliczka, 1871. Pal. Indica, vol. ii, p. 66.
— Meek, 1872. Rep. Pal. Eastern Nebraska, p. 213.
— Etheridge, jun., 1873. Geol. Mag., vol. x, p. 299.
-— — 1876. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. iv, vol. xviii, p. 99.
— Young and Armstrong, 1876. Cat. Foss. West Scotland, p. 53.
_ Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 307.
? — Barrois, 1882. Recherches Terr. anciens des Asturies, p. 345.
- Walcott, 1884. Mon. U.S. Geol. Sury., Pal. Eureka Dist., p. 245.
Broeckia, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belge, tom. xi, p. 19.
Epmonp1ia, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 28.
— Etheridge, 1885. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283.
— Miller, 1889. North Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 478.
-- Worthen, 1890. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. viii, p. 121.
Generic Characters.—Shell transversely ovate, equivalve, close all round, con-
vexly swollen. Hinge edentulous, simple and erect, possessing a transverse,
deeply situated, thickened ridge, separated from the edge of the valve by a
smooth groove. ‘l'his edge commences below the umbo and passes backwards till
it becomes lost. Casts show that there existed, posterior to the hinge-plate, an
internal ossicle, elongate, flattened, which was directed outwards and downwards
into the cavity of the umbo. External ligament small, contained in a narrow
groove at the margin of the valve; lunule and escutcheon absent. Pallial line
entire, usually remote from the margin. External ornament consists of con-
centric striz or rugee.
288 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Observations.—This genus was erected by de Koninck, who professed to take
the [socardia unioniformis of Phillips as his type, but the shells which he figured
as belonging to this species are quite different, being almost orbicular, as he says,
“a peu pres ronde;”’ but fortunately Phillips’s shell undoubtedly belongs to the
genus Hdimondia, and therefore may still be considered as the type of this genus.
Part of the original generic diagnosis 1s as follows: ‘‘ Lunule échancrée ; charniére
dépourvu de dents, remplacées par une lamelle transverse, étroite, profondément
située et en partie recouverte par le crochet et ayant probablement servi a sup-
The figures show
’
porter un ligament interne d’une form a peu prés analogue.’
conclusively that there is no lunule, and no mention is made of this character in
the amended diagnosis of 1885 (op. supra cit.), which states that the hinge is
‘“‘dépourvue de dents, munie de grands plaques du cartilage, obliques, placées
au-dessous des crochets.”’
Fortunately many specimens of different species showing the hinge have
been obtained from Tournai, one of which I figure, Pl. XXVII, figs. 16a, b,
but none of these show any indications of cartilage-plates ; but there is, however,
as is stated in the first description, a curved transverse lamella, situated deeply,
and separated from the edge of the shell by a groove parallel to it, which
does not extend forward in front of the umbo. Probably, as de Koninck
observed, this groove did contain some structure of the nature of an internal
ligament. In casts this ridge is represented by a well-marked groove between
the umbo and the edge of the valve; but external to it in the hollow of the umbo
is a deep groove, which extends forwards in front of the umbo and also passes
backwards, becoming wider and broader, to within a short distance from the
postero-superior angle, in which lodged a process of shell; from the splendid way
in which in many specimens this groove is preserved, I should incline to the view
that it had originally contained an ossicle and not cartilage.
Professor King referred a shell to this genus, under the name Hdmondia
suleata (‘Monog. Permian Fossils,’ pp. 163-4, pl. xx, figs. 1—4), which has
somewhat similar well-marked internal ossicles; but the arrangement, shape,
and the whole structure of this shell and process differ from that which is found
in the more ovate smooth-shelled group of Hdmondia. That the process was of
shelly structure, and not cartilaginous, is evident from the preservation of this
portion of the hinge in a specimen of H. Pentonensis. M‘Coy placed Hdmondia
with the Mytilide ; but King erected a new family, Hdmondidx, which he placed
immediately after the Mytilidez. The valves are, however, always equal, and there
is a well-marked but small external hgament, and no constriction of the valves or
other indications of a byssus in Hdmondia.
De Verneuil confounded Hdmondia and Allorisma. His specimen. on pl. xix,
figs. 6a, b, agrees undoubtedly with the Allorisma of King; but the shell figured
CO es
= a
EDMONDIA. 289
under the same name in pl. xxi, figs. lla, b, is certainly an Hdmondia; for the
specimen depicted is a cast showing the groove for the shelly processes of the
hinge. This author mentioned this fact in an appendix to his observations, and
stated that he only provisionally united the latter specimen to Allorisma.
Fischer thought that Hdmondia, de Koninck, comprised two genera,—one
typified by H. Josepha, which possessed no external ligament ; and another which
he calls Pseudedmondia, which possessed this character. De Koninck, however,
gives in his diagnosis the following statement :—‘‘ Sillons du ligament étroits,
externes,” and EH. Josepha does possess a very small external ligament. Fischer
erroneously quotes de Koninck as the authority for the presence ‘‘ d’un osselet
calcaire (de Koninck),” but I cannot ascertain that he ever made use of such a
term; indeed, de Koninck is quite silent on the subject, and does not even refer
to King’s observations, probably because he does not appear to have examined
many specimens in the condition of casts. As de Koninck points out, Morris
placed a great many shells of widely different characters in this genus, and de
Ryckholt referred many species to Cardiomorpha which should be more correctly
placed in Hdmondia.
I am unable to discover any character of specific value to distinguish de
Koninck’s genus Broeckia from Kdmondia except that of size. Curiously enough,
although he compares his new genus to Cardiomorpha, and admits that they
possess analogous hinges, he does not contrast this genus with Hdmondia further
than stating that he considered Morris was wrong in referring the Lutraria prisca,
M‘Coy, to Hdmondia, because it was much less globular and less rugose on the
surface than the majority of species of which the genus was composed.
De Koninck described ten species of Broeckia, nine of which were supposed to
be new; but most of them I believe will prove to be synonymous, the species being
founded on shells of different stages of growth, and on imperfect specimens.
Sixty-eight species of Hdmondia ave described in the same work, twenty-six
being doubtfully referred to the genus; and fifty-four are new. De Koninck
says of the group to which he affixes the ?, ‘* Le second group est formé d’espéces
ordinairement moins ¢paisses, plus longues que larges, dont la forme rapelle celles
des anciennes Venus, reunis actuellement sous le nom générique de Tapes, dont les
plis de la surface sont ordinairement mieux marqués et plus saillants, et dont je
ne suis pas encore parvenu @ isoler la charniére. Ce n’est dont qu’avec doute que
les espéces de ce dernier groupe peuvent étre introduites dans le genre Hdmondia.”’
Some of these species certainly should be removed from the genus, e.g. H.
minima, LH. sublamellosa, which do not possess the simple erect hinge-line
posteriorly, characteristic of the genus, but which have a well-marked escutcheon.
These two forms are not regarded as questionable Hdmondix, and I am of opinion
that the greater part if not all of those species referred with a ? to this genus are
290 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
correctly placed. On the other hand, I regard a large number of the species as
synonymous, either representing individuals in different stages of growth, or being
founded on merely small varietal characters which are not of specific value.
I have mentioned the fact above, p. 255, that many specimens of H. Kickaiana,
in the fine series possessed by the Royal Natural History Museum of Brussels,
show the rudiments of a cardinal tooth, which is so characteristic of the genus
Scaldia, de Ryckholt. This first appears as a little irregularity of the surface of
the lamellar ridge ; in other specimens there is a distinct rounded nodule, witha
depression for the corresponding tooth of the opposite valve.
The genus Hdmondia is known from Devonian rocks ; but Scaldia, according
to de Koninck, at present has not been recognised below the Carboniferous series.
With regard to the function of the shelly process, the ossicle, which in
Hdmondia occupies the cavity of the umbo, it probably maintained the shells in
contact, acting as a fulcrum for the attachment of either an internal cartilage or
some special muscles. An edentulous hinge and shallow muscle-scars show that
some special apparatus was necessary, which probably could not, owing to the
great thinness of the shells in this genus, be satisfactorily placed on the surface
of the valve.
The genus Hdmondia appears to be subdivided into two well-marked groups ;
(a) those with fine regular concentric lines of growth, and (b) those with well-
marked concentric ridges and sulci. SH. wnioniformis may be regarded as the
type of the former, HH. suleata as characteristic of the latter. I have been for some
time undecided whether or no to subdivide the genus on these lines; but it seems
to me that intermediate forms exist, e. g. H. rudis, which connects the two groups.
Each group comprises suborbicular forms. Moreover all the species which I
have included within the genus possess the peculiar process from the back of the
hinge-plate which I have termed the ossicle, and which King and previous authors
called ‘cartilage plaques.” It appears that the transverse and suleated shells had
this characteristic feature more highly developed and differentiated than the sub-
orbicular forms, and consequently, as de Koninck had made his observations on
the hinge-plates chiefly on the species belonging to the latter group, his deserip-
tions obviously are hardly broad enough to apply to the group of sulcated species.
It is due to the perspicacity of Professor King that he perceived that the genus
Edmondia veally contained such diverse forms as H. wnioniformis and HL, sulcata.
In M‘Coy’s earlier work this genus, like many others, was misunderstood ; but in
his later work (op. supra cit.) he seems to have recognised that the genus included
forms with very diverse external characters, and of the nine species described by
him as coming from Carboniferous rocks I am able to retain eight in the genus ;
and the other, LH}. Egertoni, belongs to the family Edmondide, but to another
venus, closely allied, however, to Hdmondia.
EDMONDIA UNIONIFORMIS. 291
A very large number of species of Hdmondia have been described from
American Carboniferous rocks, and these are divisible into two groups, the
smooth forms and the suleated. It is difficult to decide, in the absence of
material for exact comparison, whether or no any species are common to the
Hastern and Western Hemispheres; but with a single exception, 1. wnioniformis,
American authors have come to the conclusion. that the species found in the
Carboniferous rocks of the West are distinct from those which occur in Europe.
Waagen does not describe any representatives of the genus Hdmondia from
the Salt Range of India; but, as he entirely misconceives the characters of
Allorisma, which he figures (‘ Paleeontologica Indica,’ sect. 13, pl. xvu, figs. 3,
4, and 9) as not possessing an escutcheon, it is not impossible that he may have
mistaken species of Hdmondia and designated them as belonging to that genus.
Benshausen figures as Paracyclas proavia, Goldf., sp. (op. supra cit., p. 169),
an orbicular shell which has a well-marked, elongate, internal groove in a cast,
internal to the umbones, exactly like that which obtains in Hdmondia. He says,
p. 166, under his generic description, “ Ligament von aussen nicht sichtbar,
innerlich in einer kiirtzeren oder lingeren ausgeh6hlten Grube dicht hinter den
Wirbeln gelegen.”’
‘This genus possesses hinge-teeth of an orbicular shape, and does not resemble
Edmondia in any other character than the possession of the groove for the long
narrow process at the back of the hinge-plate, which was evidently not a ligament
but a shelly process. The possession in common of such a highly differentiated
character, a peculiarity at present known only to be found in these two genera
and in Scaldia, seems to me to throw some important light upon the relationship
of these two paleeozoic genera.
Epmonpia untonirormis, Phillips, sp., 1836. Plate XXVIII, figs. 1—7.
IsocaRDIA UNIONIFORMIS, Phillips, 1836. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209, pl. v, fig. 18.
EpMONDIA UNIONIFORMIS, de Koninck, 1842. Desc. des Anim. foss., p. 67, pl. i,
figs. 4a—e.
— —_ Morris, 1843. Cat, Brit. Foss., 1st edit., p. 88.
— — de Verneuil, 1845. Russia and the Ural Mts., vol. ii,
p. 299, pl. xix, fig. 18.
-- — Keyserling, 1846. Reise Petschoraland, p. 259.
= _— Bronn, 1848. Nomencl. Pal., p. 452.
a — Brown, 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 198, pl. Ixxxi,
fig. 15.
— —_ d’ Orbigny, 1850. Prod. de Pal., p. 133,
CarDIOMORPHA RETROSECTA, de Ryckholt, 1852. Meél. Pal., 2e partie, p. 100,
pl. xi, figs. 15, 16.
PHonapomMya Vauxrana, de Ryckholt 1852. Ibid., p. 28, pl. xi, figs. 1, 2.
292 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
EpMoNDIA UNIONIFORMIS, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 202.
— — M‘ Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 503.
— — Hichwald, 1860. Lethza Rossica, vol. i, p. 1034.
Non -- — Salter, 1861. Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Brit., Iron Ores
Gt. Brit., pt. 3, pp. 221, 222, pl. 1,
fig, 29.
— — Meek and Worthen, 1866. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vol. ii,
Pal., p. 346, pl. xxvii, figs. 6 a, b. |
— — Young and Armstrong,1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg.,
vol. iti, Suppl., p. 51.
— -- — 1876. Carb. Foss. West of
Scotland, p. 54.
= = R. Etheridge, jun., 1876. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
4, vol. xviii, p. 99, pl. iv, fig. 3.
a — Miller, 1877. Amer. Pal. Foss., p. 191.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico - Carboniferus,
pp. 806, 307.
Non — — de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat.,
tom. xi, p. 29, pl. xi, figs. 32—
36; pl. xii, figs. 42, 43.
— PRELATA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 36, pl. xiii, fig. 26.
= — Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 284.
Comp. — ? pecorata, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 48, pl. x, figs. 15—20.
— — ? PRECOX, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 48, pl. x, figs. 31, 32.
— — TENUILINEATA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 44, pl. x, figs. 23, 24.
— — ? PULCHELLA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 52, pl. x, figs. 21, 22.
— — P anopontTA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 49, pl. iv, figs. 7, 14.
Specific Characters.—Shell transversely broadly ovate, gibbose. The anterior
end is small, convexly curved, but comparatively deep in a dorso-ventral direction.
The anterior border is semicircularly rounded, passing without a break into the
inferior border, which is much less convex and extended. The posterior border is
obtusely rounded without any approach to angulation at its junction with the
superior and inferior borders. The hinge-line is nearly as long as the shell, and
slightly arched. The umbones are obtuse, twisted forwards and incurved, some-
what raised, close, and situated in the anterior quarter of the hinge-line. There
is no lunule and no escutcheon. The posterior end is somewhat narrowed in its
dorso-ventral diameter by the approach of its upper and lower borders. ‘lhe
valves are regularly and convexly swollen, there being no oblique line, but the
dorsal slope is somewhat flattened. The cardinal margin is simple and sharp,
coming immediately into contact with its fellow. Hxternal ligament-groove short
and narrow.
Interiov.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is shallow, and situated just
within the antero-superior angle; the posterior is situated within the dorsal
EDMONDIA UNIONIFORMIS. 293
slope, remote from the margin. The hinge-plate is edentulous, with a deep, thick,
curved vertical ridge of shell, and the flat expanded ossicle seen as a groove in
casts. Pallial line entire.
Eaterior.—The surface is ornamented with concentric lines and fine ridges,
very conspicuous in the anterior part of the shell. Posteriorly the shell is almost
smooth, but the linear ridges are more apparent again near their termination as
they curve round to pass into the superior border. Shell moderately thick.
Dimensions.—Fig. 1, Pl. XXVIII, the type of Lsocardia wnioniformis, Phillips,
measures—
Antero-posteriorly : A . 49 mm.
Dorso-ventrally : ; . . 36mm,
Laterally . : é . 26 mm.
Localities—Kngland : the Carboniferous Limestone of Bolland, Withgill, and
Hill Bolton, Yorkshire; Castleton, Thorpe Cloud, Derbyshire; the Redesdale
Tronstone shale and limestone of Lowick and the Coombs, Northumberland. ‘lhe
Upper Carboniferous Limestone of Poolvash, Isle of Man. Scotland: The Lower
Limestone series of Beith; Hind og glen, Dalry; Inverteil, Kirkcaldy ; Tweeden
burn, Cement stone Series, Roxburgh; Encrinite-bed, St. Andrews, Fife. Ire-
land: Rochfort Lodge, Bundoran, co. Donegal; Tomdeely, Ballygarrane, and
Ballyshonickbane, co. Limerick.
Observations.—This species was described by Phillips under the genus I[so-
cardia, and de Koninck subsequently thought that he founded the genus Hdmondia
on Belgian shells which were identical with the British species. This, however,
was not the case, for, as M‘Coy pointed out, the Belgian examples were ‘“ too
nearly orbicular, the anterior end being too long and the ventral margin too much
arched to agree with the present species.” The same criticism can be applied to
the shells referred to Hdmondia unioniformis in de Koninck’s later work, which
certainly do not belong to that species. The shells named by de Koninck FH.
prelata belong, I think, undoubtedly to the species under discussion, probably also
E. decorata and FE. precoz. Phillips makes the following statement :—‘‘ Surface
wrinkled on the posterior slope,” the accuracy of which M‘Coy questioned I
think that this mistake arose from the absence of the shell in the anterior portion
of the type specimen ; for on reference to fig. 1, Pl. XXVIII, it will be seen that
the posterior portion of the shell has its markings more apparent.
M‘Coy describes the ‘‘ anterior lunette’’ as “ very large, oval, deep; ’’ but in
common with all other members of the family there is no lunule, the concentric lines
’
of growth curving round the antero-superior angle to terminate in the hinge-line.
I am of opinion that most of the species in lists named H. unioniformis are
erroneously referred to this species. I have been able to find only very few
examples which agree in character with the type.
38
294. CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
The shell referred to HF. wnioniformis by Salter as occurring in a marine bed
in the South Wales coal-field is much too quadrate posteriorly, and should be more
correctly named L. oblonga.
There are several species described by de Koninck which I think should be
more correctly referred to Phillips’s shell,—H.? precow, H. tenuilineata, H. ?
pulchella, H. ? decorata, and Hf. ovata. ‘These are all transversely ovate in shape,
and have a similar external ornament, comparatively smooth and regular, but
becoming more marked in large examples towards the lower border, and all come
from the same horizon, Etage II of Pauquys and Waulsort, with the exception of
HH. ovata and EF. prelata, which are from the lowest division, Tournai.
H. ? anodonta, de Koninck, is another of this author’s species which I should place
as a synonym of MH. wnioniformis. This species is stated to be founded on a
single specimen, but two are figured, and the specific character is the compara-
tively compressed condition of the valves.
Mr. R. Etheridge, jun., figured a specimen of H. wnioniformis from the
Encrinite-bed of St. Andrews (op. supra cit.), and remarks on the wide distri-
bution of the species, which is said to occur in Russia.
Struvé (‘Mém. Acad. Imp. des Sci. de St. Pétersbourg,’ tom. xxxiv, No. 6,
p. 104) quotes H. unioniformis as occurring in the Productus giganteus zone, and the
coal-bearing beds below, of the Moscow coal-basin.
Kpmonpia Josepna, de Koninck, 1842. Plate XX XIII, figs. 1O—14.
~
Epmonpia Josrpua, de Koninck, 1842. Foss. Carb. Belg., p. 68, pl. i, fig. 5.
_— — Bronn, 1848. Nomencl. paleontol., p. 452.
— — @ Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 133.
Non — — M‘Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 500.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 307.
— RuDIS, Kirkby, 1880. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxvi, p. 560.
-- JosrpHa, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg.,
tom, xi, p. 80, pl. xi, figs. 30—82.
— ASTARTOIDES, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 36, pl. vii, figs. 33, 34.
_ JosEPHa, Utheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283.
Compare Scatpra Kicxsrana, de Ryckholt, 1847. Mél. pal., le partie, pl. x, figs. 27, 28.
CarpromorpHa Lacorpatrrana, de Ryckholt, 1853. Ibid., 2e partie, p. 95,
pl. xii, figs. 5, 6.
Epmownpia Kicxs1ana, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. Belge, tom. xi,
p- 32, pl. vii, figs. 7—9.
— Lacorpatrnana, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 33, pl. ix, figs. 1—4.
— Prireti, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., pl. ix, figs. 17—22; pl. xii, figs. 23—
25, 32-34.
EDMONDIA JOSEPHA. 295
Specific Characters.—Shell of medium size, suboval, inequilateral, somewhat
oblique, moderately gibbose. The contour—anterior, inferior, and posterior borders
—of the shell forms an unbroken curve, which becomes less convex along the lower
margin. ‘I'he cardinal border is only slightly arched, and is relatively short. The
umbones are inclined obliquely forwards, pointed, with the beaks twisted forwards
and contiguous, raised above the hinge-line, excavated anteriorly, and situated in
the anterior third of the hinge-line. ‘he anterior end is much narrower from
above downwards than the posterior, and is compressed. The rest of the valve is
regularly and gradually curved with a moderate convexity, from which the
umbones arise very gradually. The ligament is internal, small, and lodged in a
narrow groove of small extent close to the edge of the hinge.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar very large, shallow, and smooth,
occupies a large portion of the anterior part of the valve. The posterior adductor
scar is inconspicuous. The hinge is edentulous. Pallial lines entire, deep, and
near the margin. ‘The internal surface is smooth, with here and there indications
of concentric sulci, crossed by very obscure, almost obsolete, but regular radiating
lines.
Exterior.—The surface is ornamented with very fine concentric lines, some of
which are elevated at equal intervals, and very distinct near the anterior margin,
but become less marked towards the middle of the valve. Here and there are
irregular, broad, very shallow, concentric sulci, but there is much individual
variation. Shell thin.
Dimensions.—P|. XX XIII, fig. 12, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . ; 27 3. mm,
Dorso-ventrally : ' . 23 mm.
Laterally . . : = 6 mam:
Localities.—Scotland: the Upper Limestone series of Garngad Road, Glasgow ;
the Lower Limestone series of Langside and Dockra, Beith, Ayrshire; Lugton
Water; the Calciferous Sandstone series of Fife, Bed No. 1 Limestone, east of
St. Monans. Ireland: the Carboniferous Limestone of Firog, co. Limerick, and
Carnteel, co. T'yrone.
Observations.—Edmondia Josepha was one of the two species originally referred
to the genus by its author, de Koninck. The description was extremely meagre,
but the external characters are described as ‘* surface unie, recouverte d’un grand
nombre de petites stries d’acroissement.” Later on (op. supra cit.) de Koninck
described several species which appear to me to differ in no characters of specific
value from FH. Josepha, which was re-described and figured in the same work. [I
have seen on several occasions the fine series of these shells in the Royal Natural
History Museum of Brussels, and possess some well-preserved specimens in my
own collection, and am of opinion that the five species, H. Josepha, H. Kicksiana,
296 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIA'TA.
E.. Lacordaireana, EH. Pireti, and F. astartoides, do not differ from each other more
than one finds to be the case in a lone series of examples of any species. De
Koninck has, I think, made a mistake in his conception of H. unioniformis (vide
antea, p. 293), and consequently his remarks on the differences between that
species and MH. Josepha cannot be accepted.
In H. wnioniformis the anterior end is deeper from above downwards than the
posterior, and the umbones are not much raised above the hinge-line; but in
H. Josepha the anterior part of the shell is much narrower than the posterior, and
the umbones in consequence appear to be much raised above it, and in addition
Hi. wnioniformis is less oblique and relatively more transverse than 1. Josepha.
M‘Coy gave a description, without figures, of some shells from the limestone of
Lowick, Northumberland, under the name H. Josepha, but states in his remarks,
*“* Tt is doubtful whether this species be perfectly identical with that of de Koninck,
as it is concentrically ridged as well as striated.” I have examined the specimens
in the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, from Lowick which are labelled FH.
Josepha, and can see no ground for referring them to that species. One is very
imperfect, but the other specimen is, I think, an example of H. vudis. The
specimens are casts, and are too rugose, and have well-marked concentric grooves
and ridges well marked, which is a character belonging to that species, while the
interiors of H. Josepha are almost smooth (Pl. XX XIII, fig. 11).
I have obtained two specimens of this species from the No. 1 Marine Lime-
stone of Mr. Kirkby, east of St. Monans, which he considers to be ninety-seven
feet below the base of the Hurlet Limestone, and therefore belonging to the Cal-
ciferous Sandstone series. Mr. Kirkby has stated the presence of H. rudis in this
bed, but I cannot find that species there myself.
Kpmonpia Lowickensis, sp. nov. Plate XX XIII, figs. 1—4.
Epmonpia puAsgouina, I Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 502.
—— -— Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Palecorore. p. 2838.
Specific Characters.—Shell of only very moderate size, transversely hatchet-
shaped ; narrowed anteriorly, expanded and truncate behind, oblique, moderately
gibbose. ‘The anterior end is produced forwards; narrowed by the approach of
the inferior and superior margins; its border elliptically curved, passes below into
the inferior margin, which is gently but regularly convex. ‘he posterior border
is obliquely cut from above downwards and backwards, nearly straight, making a
well-marked obtuse angle with the hinge-line, and a rounded obtuse angle with
the inferior border. ‘The hinge-line is well curved in front, but nearly straight
posteriorly. The umbones are small, tumid, pointed, incurved, and slightly
twisted forwards, contiguous, elevated, and situated in the front part of the
EDMONDIA LOWICKENSIS. 297
middle third of the valve. Passing downwards from the umbo to the posterior
inferior angle is an obscure rounded ridge, posterior to which the valve is rapidly
compressed into the margin. Hlsewhere the valve is regularly and evenly convex,
the point of greatest curvature being high up about the centre of the transverse
diameter. ‘The dorsal slope is much compressed.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is round, shallow, deeper inter-
nally, where it is separated from the umbonal hollow by a shght ridge, and situated
just within the margin of the antero-superior angle. ‘The posterior scar is
almost obsolete. ‘The pallial line is entire and marginal. The hinge-plate has
attached to it the elongate flattened ossicle which is placed in the hollow of the
umbo, and represented in the cast by a narrow elongate slit. ‘The interior of the
shell is marked by shallow grooves and obsolete ridges, crossed by very fine
regular radiating lines.
Heterior.—The surface is covered by very fine, regular, close, concentric lines
of growth, with here and there an approach to sulcation.
Dimensions.—Fig. 1, Pl. XX XIII, from Thornhebank, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : : ; . 32 mm.
Dorso-ventrally s : . 23 mm.
Laterally ‘ : : = 16 mm:
Localities.—Hneland: one of the Limestones of Lowick and the Four Laws Lime-
stone at the Coombs, Northumberland. Scotland: the Upper Limestone series of
the Girtle quarry near Dalry, and Thornliebank; Index Limestone, Hullerhirst.
Observations.—This species was referred by M‘Coy to Goldfuss’s Sanguwino-
laria phaseolina from the Hifelian of the Continent. I cannot see any reason for
such an opinion on comparing the suite of British specimens with the figure; and
although the meagre description does to a certain extent coincide with that given
by M‘Coy, [have thought it wiser to give a new name to the species. Goldfuss says
that his species has “ striz radiantes,” which is not the case with the external shell
of H. Lowickensis. Giebel gives the stage for Goldfuss’s S. phaseolina as ** Grau-
wachenformation,”’ in his ‘ Repertorium zu Goldfuss’s Petrefakten Deutschlands,’
p- 84. The species is retained by Benshausen in his work ‘ Die Lamellibranchiaten
des rheinschen Devon,’ under the name Janeia phaseolina, and his figures amply
demonstrate that Goldfuss’s and M‘Coy’s shells are entirely different. The
specimens on which M‘Coy founded his description are from Lowick, and are in
the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge. ‘They are all casts, and exhibit the
internal characters very well. Fortunately a very fine example has been ob-
tained by Mr. J. Neilson at Thornliebank, which has the test preserved (fig. 1,
Pl. XXXII), and [ have obtained a small suite of specimens from the Girtle quarry
near Dalry. Mr. J. Dunn has obtained a small fragment from the hmestone at the
Coombs, south of Redesdale village, which I regard as the Four Laws limestone,
298 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
which at this place is very fossiliferous, and the fauna, as far as has been ascer-
tained at present, contains a very large percentage of the fossils collected at
Lowick by the Rev. E. Jenkinson. The identical bed where the Lowick fossils
were obtained is not now exactly known, but it is an important fact that the lime-
stone at the Coombs, which lies about forty miles S.S.H. of Lowick, from
its relation to the Redesdale limestone below and the Four Laws coal above, must
be the Four Laws limestone; and this may lead to the identification of the fossil-
bearing bed at Lowick.
The narrow extended anterior end and the squarely cut posterior border are very
characteristic of the species; and in addition I regard the approach to an oblique
ridge from the umbo to the posterior inferior angle, a feature very rare in the
Hdmondide, as an important specific character.
Hpmonpia opnonea, Portlock, sp., 1843. Plate X XIX, figs. 1—3 and 6.
SANGUINOLARIA OBLONGA, Portlock, 1843. Geol. Rep. Londonderry, p. 434, pl.
xxXxvi, fig. 2.
_— — Brown, 1849. Illustr. Foss. Conch., p. 219, pl. xe
fig. 43.
? Panopma Coyana, de Ryckholt, 1853, Mélanges paléontol. p. 31, pl. xi, figs. 7 and 8.
SANGUINOLITES OBLONGA, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 223.
Epmonp1a oBtonaa, M‘Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 501, pl. 3 F, fig. 10.
—: UNIONIFORMIS, Salter, 1861. Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Brit., Iron Ores
Gt. Brit., pt. 3, p. 221, pl. i, fig. 29.
_ OBLONGA, Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg.,
vol. iii, Suppl., p. 51.
— -— — 1876. Carb. Foss. West of Scot-
land, p. 54.
— — Roemer, 1876. Lethxa Paleoz., pl. xliv, fig. 5.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carb., p. 3807.
— — Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283.
?
Specific Characters.—Shell of moderately large size, transversely oblong, tumid,
very inequilateral, slightly oblique, margins subparallel. The anterior end short
and gibbose, and narrower in the dorso-ventral direction than the posterior. The
anterior border is curved, its junction with the hinge-line above often approaching
to a rounded right angle; below, the curvature sweeps broadly round into the in-
ferior border, which is convex at each extremity, but nearly straight for the
greater part of its extent. The posterior border is very bluntly rounded, ap-
proaching to angulation at the junction with the upper and lower borders, so that
the posterior end is subquadrate. ‘lhe hinge-line is very nearly straight and pro-
longed posteriorly. ‘lhe umbones are moderately large, tumid, curved, slightly
EDMONDIA OBLONGA. 299
raised, the beaks being twisted forwards and inwards, contiguous, and situated in
the anterior quarter of the shell. Lunule and escutcheon absent. ‘The valves are
regularly and convexly swollen, but in very large specimens there is an obscure
approach to angulation along the line where the shell becomes compressed to form
the posterior slope.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is large, shallow, and round, and
is situated within the antero-superior angle of the valve, encroaching largely
upon the umbonal hollow; the posterior is large and rounded, shallow, situated on
the hollow of the dorsal slope, remote from the margin. Above this and at the
extreme end of the hinge-plate, and just within the margin of the valve, is a small
round scar for an accessory muscle. The pallial line is entire and very remote
from the margin. ‘The hinge consists of a plate thickened on its external border,
which is placed at right angles to the valve, and formed by the valve being bent
acutely on itself. This leaves, in casts, two parallel grooves, which become shallower
as they pass backwards, and terminate at some distance from the posterior end.
The hinge-plate is apparently edentulous. The internal surface as seen in casts
shows numerous concentric ridges and sulci, which become broader and further
apart as they approach the lower margin.
Heteriovr.—The surface is ornamented with bundles of fine concentric striz,
separated into groups by well-marked concentric folds and ridges, which are
broader near the lower margin.
Dimensions.—P1]. XXIX, fig. 5, the type of Sanguwinolaria oblonga, Portlock,
measures—
Antero-posteriorly ; 3 : . 06mm.
Dorso-ventrally ‘ : ‘ . 38 mm.
Elevation of valve ‘ : : = iS anime
Locality—Enegland: in one of the beds of lmestone, Lowick; the Coombs
limestone, Redesdale, Northumberland. Wales: below the Farewell Rock of
Glan Rhymney and Beaufort, South Wales. Scotland: the Lower Limestone series
of Beith, Ayrshire. Ireland: in black limestone, Hrrigle Keerogue, co. Tyrone.
Observations—When M‘Coy described his new species of H. oblonga he was
aware of the close similarity of his shell to that described by Portlock. He states
(op. sup. cit., p. 501), * The Sanguinolaria oblonga, Portlock, . . . seems to be more
compressed, to have a more defined posterior slope, and to have large regular
imbrications in addition to the small concentric markings. They may, however,
be identical.”
A close comparison of the types of each author, which I am fortunately able
to figure through the kind permission of Sir A. Geikie and Professor McKenny
Hughes, shows the identity of Sanguinolaria oblonga, Portlock, Pl. XXIX, fig. 5,
with Hdmondia oblonga, M‘Coy, Pl. XXIX, fig. 1, the differences noted by M‘Coy
300 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
being largely due to the fact that M‘Coy’s specimens were all casts of the
interior, and Portlock’s specimen is a cast of the exterior. The greater definition
of the posterior slope in the latter example is due to age and condition.
M‘Coy gave the name var. B. brevis to a shorter form of this species. He
says, “The var. B. brevis differs in nothing but the shorter figure above given, and
I have seen most of the intermediate grades.” I do not, however, propose to
retain the variety.
FH. oblonga might be in a few cases mistaken for H. grandis, but the former
is less orbicular, less oblique, and has its borders almost parallel, and the posterior
end more produced and oblong. It is much less orbicular and more regularly
oblong than H. Lyellit.
Epmonpra Lyi, sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 4; Plate XXXI, figs. 1—5.
Specific Characters.—Shell of moderately large size, gibbose, triangularly ovate,
inequilateral. The anterior end is depressed, and narrowed from above down-
wards, gradually compressed, the border elliptically curved, passing with regular
sweep into the lower margin, which is extended and only slightly convex, for the
greater part of its extent, but becomes more curved behind, where it passes evenly
into the posterior border. The latter is blunt, almost straight, and somewhat
narrowed by the depression of the upper border, which it meets at an obtusely
rounded angle. The hinge-line is arched and extended behind. The umbones
are large, gibbose, incurved and twisted forwards, contiguous, elevated above the
hinge-line, and situated in the front part of the middle third of the valve. The
valves are regularly convexly curved, but there is some flattening along the dorsal
slope and towards the posterior end of the valve. There is a well-marked groove
above and parallel with the hinge-line for the external ligament.
Interiov.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is large, ovate, placed well within
the margin of the shell, in the hollow of the valve, at a level with the antero-
superior angele. The posterior adductor scar is large, shallow, and oval, situated
near the greater superior angle, remote from the margin. The pallial line is
remote from the margin and entire. The hinge-plate is thick; to the inner edge
of it was attached a plate, represented in casts by a narrow groove, which was
directed downwards and outwards. This groove is deep and wide in front, but
becomes narrow and shallower behind.
Heteriov.—The surface is covered with fine concentric lines of growth, which
are elevated into fine ridges in front and at the margin, which may appear at
times almost subimbricate. Here and there over the surface of the shell are
EDMONDIA LYELLII 301
irregularly placed concentric ridges or depressions; above these was a finely
punctate periostracum. Shell thick.
Dimensions.—Fig. 4, Pl. XX XI, a perfect right valve, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ' : : » 6d.2mm.
Dorso-ventrally : : . o8 mm.
Elevation of valve : : . mm.
Localities—England : Northumberland, the limestone of Lowick. The Middle
limestone, West Witton, Wensleydale; the limestone of Poolvash, Isle of Man.
Scotland: Lower Limestone series of Newfield, High Blantyre; of Craigenglen,
Campsie; Swinlees; Auchenskeith; Dalry; Broadstone, Beith; McDonald Lime-
stone series, Muirkirk; Craighall, Fife. Ireland: the Carboniferous Limestone
of Galway.
Observations.—This species is founded on numerous very fine examples from
the localities named above, and has externally a strong resemblance to the genus
Oardiomorpha, but the possession of an ossicle attached to the hinge-plate and
the different position of the anterior adductor muscle-scars separate it from that
genus, the position of the anterior adductor muscle being lower down and more
remote from the margin than obtains in Cardiomorpha ; the shell is also thicker,
and the surface-markings stronger than in that genus. Fig. 5, Pl. XXXI,
is a very fine example from Craighall, Fife, and is in the Museum of Science and
Art, Edinburgh, and I am indebted to Dr. Traquair for permission to figure the
specimen. Fig.1, Pl. XXXI, a specimen from the limestone of Beith, Ayrshire,
in the possession of Mr. R. Craig, shows that the species possessed a periostracum
with spotted markings, of which a view is given, P]. XXXI, fig. la. At least one
other species of the genus, H. sulcata, has the same character; but owing to the
fact that specimens of any of the species rarely occur which have the periostracum
preserved, indeed the majority are found in the condition of internal casts, this
character cannot be yet stated to be universal in the species of this genus.
Fig. 8, Pl. XXXI, a specimen from Beith, is in the cabinet of Dr. John
Young, of the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, and shows the very thick and deep
groove for the ossicle, and the adductor muscle-scars and pallial line.
Fortunately, I have been able to isolate the hinge in the specimen, fig. 2, PI.
XXXI, belonging to the Geological Survey of Ireland; and fig. 4a, Pl. XXXI, a
shell belonging to the Geological Society of Glasgow, also shows this portion of the
shell very well. Compared with other species of Hdmondia, the shell of LE. Lyellii
was very thick, very much thicker than that of lH. primzxva, a much larger shell.
From L. oblonga, FE. Lyellii is easily distinguished by its greater obliquity and
longer, narrower anterior end, and the orbicular shape of the shell.
Dr. Traquair informs me that the specimen from Craighall, Fife, bears a label,
in Fleming’s handwriting, Venerupis Lyellii. I have, therefore, adopted this
specific name.
39
302 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Hpmonvia rupIs, M‘Coy, 1851. Plate XXVIII, figs. 8—14.
? CoRBULA? sENILIS, Phillips, 1836. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209, pl. v, fig. 1.
— P — Morris, 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., 1st edit., p. 83.
Lepropomus sEnitts, I/‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 67.
CARDIOMORPHA SENILIS, d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 182.
Epmonpia rupis, M‘Coy, 1851. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. xii, p. 190.
a — Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 202.
Lepropomus ? sENILIS, Morris, 1854. Ibid., p. 206.
Epmonpia Ruptis, M‘Coy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 502, pl. 38, fig. 9.
— — Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. iii,
Supplement, p. 51.
— — Armstrong, Young, and Robertson, 1876. Cat. Western Scottish
Fossils, p. 54.
— — Bigsby,1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 307.
LEPropOMUS SENILIS, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 307.
Epmonpia rvu@aAtA, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique,
tom. xi, p. 31, pl. ii, figs. 1, 2.
= UNIONIFORMIS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 29, pl. ii, figs. 32—36.
-- RuDIS, Htheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283.
Lrpropomus sEniLis, Etheridge, 1888. Ibid., p. 284.
Specific Characters. —Shell subquadrate, somewhat transverse, eibbose, inequi-
lateral, shghtly oblique. The anterior side is very short, abruptly compressed,
and its margin almost straight in the upper portion, but becoming curved in the
lower to pass into the inferior border, which is only very gently convex. The
posterior end is broader than the anterior, and is obliquely and very bluntly
curved, the upper and lower angles being obtusely rounded.
The hinge-line is somewhat arcuate in front, but nearly straight and somewhat
produced posteriorly.
The umbones are comparatively large and obtuse, their apices incurved and
twisted forwards, contiguous, raised above the hinge-line, and situated at about
the anterior fourth of the hinge-line. Passing backwards from the apex of the
umbo, and almost parallel to the hinge-line, is a well-marked ridge, becoming lost
near the posterior end, which separates a smooth, narrow, elongate hollow from
the dorsal slope.
The valve is regularly convex from above downwards and strongly curved.
From before backwards the convexity is a little less than in the vertical diameter,
but there is an obscure approach to angulation along two lines before and also
behind, which pass from the umbo towards the antero-inferior and postero-inferior
angles respectively. The greatest convexity of the valve is a little above the
median transverse diameter.
EDMONDIA RUDIS. 303
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is large and shallow, situated
remote from the margin in the hollow of the umbonal swelling. The posterior, even
more obscure, is situated in the hollow of the dorsal slope. There is an accessory
posterior muscle-scar placed at the posterior extremity of the narrow elongate
groove, parallel to the edge of the valve. The pallial line is almost obsolete, but
entire. The hinge is shown by casts to be edentulous. There is an elongate
flattened ossicle which is directed outwards and downwards into the umbonal
cavity. The internal surface shows obscure concentric grooves and rounded
ridges, but is on the whole smooth.
Heteriov.—The surface is ornamented with well-marked, unequal concentric,
rugose folds and grooves, which are, however, less marked in front and behind,
where the shell has a tendency to become smooth.
Dimensions.—Fig. 8, Plate XX VIII, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ; ; . od mm.
Dorso-ventrally ; , : . 28 mm.
From side to side A ‘ » 19mm:
Localities.—EHngland: one of the Limestones of Lowick, the Coombs Lime-
stone, near Redesdale, and Lewisburn, Northumberland; the Carboniferous
Limestone of Thorpe Cloud and Castleton, Derbyshire ; the Cayton Gill beds, near
Harrogate, Millstone-grit series ; the Pennystone Ironstone, Coalbrookdale ; the
Upper Carboniferous Limestone of Poolvash, Isle of Man. Scotland: Lower
Limestone series of Newfield, High Blantyre; Langside, Beith; Craigenglen;
and Hind Og Glen, Dalry; Archerbeckburn, Canoubie, Roxburgh.
Observations.—Since the type specimen of Corbula ? senilis, Phillips, has
disappeared, and the figure is poor and the description meagre, I think there may
be some little doubt of the species being identical with that described later by
M‘Coy as Hdimondia rudis. Under the circumstances, however, I am compelled to
adopt the later name, and to place Phillips’s shell as a doubtful synonym, since
this species has never been redescribed or apparently adopted, except in mere
catalogues, probably on account of the loss of the type.
This species is characterised by its rugose appearance and quadrate gibbose
form even in casts. In the West of Scotland, in the nodules of the shales of the
Lower Limestone series, it is perhaps the most common species of the genus; but
it also is found in the upper beds of the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire
and the Isle of Man, and as a dwarfed form in the Pennystone Ironstone of the
Coal-measures of Coalbrookdale. De Koninck seems always to have misunder-
stood the characters of Phillips’s H. unioniformis, and I am of opinion that the
shells figured by him in his latter work as specimens of that species are small
examples of H. rudis, and I have no hesitation whatever in placing H. vugata of
the same author as a synonym of M‘Coy’s species. Speaking of his H. rugata,
304. CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
de Koninck says “ Cette espéce a de grands rapports avec lHdmondia rudis,
F. M‘Coy, qui s’en distingue par la situation antérieure de ses crochets et la forme
beaucoup plus arrondie des extrémités de son bord cardinal.” A large series of
specimens of H. rudis show that the actual position and degree of elevation of
the umbone is variable and depends largely on the stage of growth. In old shells
the umbones are less anterior and more elevated than when young. M‘Coy’s type
specimen is one which had only attained to medium growth, while the type of de
Koninck’s #. rugata is much more fully grown.
The Scotch examples are nearly all in the condition of internal casts. These
show the elongate narrow groove in the umbonal cavity which lodged the internal
ossicle, and other details of the interior. The internal surface was often as —
rugose as the external, owing to the extreme thinness of the shell; but the fine,
sharp lines of growth which are placed all over the rugged external surface are, of
course, wanting.
The wide horizontal and vertical distribution of this species is to be noted.
While few of the Lamellibranchs which occur in Carboniferous Limestone series
of Scotland are found in the Carboniferous Limestone of Yorkshire and Derby-
shire, 17, rudis seems to have flourished equally well during the different conditions
under which each deposit was laid down, for it attains a full degree of develop-
ment in each locality, and only becomes dwarfed when it is found at a much
higher horizon, the Coal-measures.
EpmonpiA compressa, M‘Coy, 1844. Plate XXXIII, figs. 5—9.
Epmonpra ? compressa, I‘Coy, 1844. Synopsis Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 52, pl. xiii,
fig. 10.
CaRrDIOMORPHA COMPRESSA, d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 183.
Epmonpia compressa, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 202.
= — M‘Ooy, 1855. Brit. Pal. Foss., p. 500.
— — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 307.
= “= Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoie, p. 283.
Compare — _ ? prmetonGA, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, p. 50;
pl. vii, fig. 21.
Specific Characters.—Shell transversely ovate, very inequilateral, compressed,
slightly oblique. The anterior end is very short, but deep, and only slightly con-
vex. The margin which forms a right angle with the hinge-line, descends at first
almost in a straight line, and then becomes very convex, sweeping round into the
inferior margin without a break. The inferior border is produced and convex,
especially behind, where it rises to join the posterior end, which is bluntly rounded.
The hinge-line is long and gently arched.
EDMONDIA COMPRESSA. 305
The umbones are of moderate size, elongate, tumid, twisted inwards and for-
wards, only slightly raised above the hinge-line and situated very far forwards,
and excavated infront. The valves are evenly and gently convex, except in front,
where there is a rapid compressicn. The dorsal slope is very gentle, and the pos-
terior end is narrowed by the approach of the dorsal and ventral border.
Interiov.—Few details have been yet observed. The interior of casts 1s almost
smooth. The hinge-plate is furnished with the internal, elongated, expanded
ossicle which obtains in other species of the genus.
Heterior.—The surface is covered with numerous very fine regularly arranged
concentric lines of growth. Shell thin.
Dimensions.—P]. XX XIII, fig. 7, M‘Coy’s type specimen, measures—
Antero-posteriorly
Dorso-ventrally . 33 mm.
Elevation of valve : : » 6 -mma.
Localities.—England : the Carboniferous Limestone of Thorpe Cloud and Castle-
ton, Derbyshire; Carboniferous Limestone, Isle of Man (M‘Coy). Ireland: Cork.
Observations.—H. compressa differs from H. wnioniformis, being more trans-
50 mm.
verse, less gibbose, and more oblique, having the umbones more anterior and
more prosogyrous, and the surface-markines much finer than in the latter species.
EH. compressa was described twice by M‘Coy, op. supra cit. The type which served
for description is preserved in the Griffith Collection of the Science and Art Museum,
Dublin; and I am fortunately able to refieure this specimen, Pl. XXXITI, fig. 7.
The second description was evidently based on a specimen from the Carboniferous
Limestone of the Isle of Man, but was accompanied by no figure. In the later
description, a much fuller one than the former, the dorsal margin is said to be
nearly straight, but in the original account it was described as “ obtusely rounded.”
The latter is correct, for although the type specimen is incomplete posteriorly,
observation shows that the lines of growth representing the contour of the shell
in a young state are distinctly rounded. Allusion is also made to a lunette, but no
lunule occurs in the genus Hdmondia.
HE. compressa more closely resembles H. transversa than any other species of
the genus. The latter is more convex; its upper and lower margins are sub-
parallel and the posterior end is truncate, and even in casts have well-marked con-
centric ridges and sulci. The umbones are somewhat less anterior, and the shell
only attains to about half the size of H. compressa.
Edmondia (?) prelonga, de Koninck, has somewhat the general character of H.
compressa, but it has its dorso-ventral diameter much shorter ; but this is the case
in young specimens of the latter species, as may be noted by observing some of the
earlier lines of growth in the type specimen.
306 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Epmonpia primava, Portlock, sp., 1843. Plate XXIX, figs. 6—8; Plate XXX,
figs. 1—3.
Lurraria primZva, Portlock, 1843. Geol. Rep. Londonderry, p. 441, pl. xxxvi,
fig. 5.
— prisca, M‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 52, pl. xii, fig. 4.
— PRIMHVA, Morris, 1845. Cat. Brit. Foss., p. 90.
CarDIOMORPHA PRISCA, d’ Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 183.
Epmonpia prisca, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 202.
MYacIvEs ? TENUILINEATA, Etheridge, 1873. Geol. Mag., vol. x, p. 299, pl. xii,
HS Fhe
EpMONDIA TENUILINEATA, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico - Carboniferus,
p. 807.
CaRDIOMORPHA TENUILINEATA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 801.
LUTRARIA TENUILINEATA, Etheridge, 1885. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 285.
Myacires primava, Etheridge, 1885. Ibid., p. 286.
Broeckia Prisca, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique, tom. xi,
p- 20, pl. ii, figs. 14, 15.
— LATISSIMA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 20, pl. ii, fig. 18.
— Kayseri, de Koninch, 1885. Ibid., p. 25, pl. v, figs. 13, 14.
_ NORMALIS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 22, pl. v, figs. 8, 15, 16.
Specific Characters.—Shell ovate, transverse, moderately convex, very inequi-
lateral. The anterior end is small, but deeper in the dorso-ventral diameter than
the posterior, its border regularly rounded, passing with a continuous sweep into
the inferior margin, which is convex and extended. The posterior border is
narrowed by the approach of the upper and lower margins, and is bluntly rounded.
The hinge-line is long and gently arched, somewhat depressed posteriorly. The
umbones are large, elongated, incurved, and slightly twisted forwards, contiguous,
elevated, and situated in the anterior fourth of the valve; well marked off in
front from the compressed antero-superior angle, but behind they are continuous
with the general curvature of the valve. The dorsal slope is not marked off
from the rest of the shell. The upper margin is simple and erect, and comes in
contact with its fellow. There is a small elongate groove for the external
ligament for a short distance between the umbonal swellings. No escutcheon or
lunule.
Intevior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is shallow and placed high up.
The posterior is oval and is situated within the dorsal slope, remote from the
posterior end. The pallial line is entire. The hinge is edentulous, with a
curved ridge of shell situated some little distance within the margin, represented
in casts by a groove.
The Kxterior.—The surface is ornamented by concentric lines, fine, distinct in
EDMONDIA PRIMAVA. 307
front, but becoming less well marked posteriorly, with here and there a deeper
concentric groove. Shell of moderate thickness.
Dimensions.—Fig. 2, Plate XXX. The type of M‘Coy’s Lutraria prisca
measures—
Antero-posteriorly : : : . 97 mm.
Dorso-ventrally : : : . 64 mm.
Elevation of valve ; : : AO ranhaay.
Localities. —England : the Carboniferous Limestone of Castleton and Thorpe
Cloud, Derbyshire. Scotland: Lower Limestone series of Langside, Beith ;
Cousland, near Edinburgh. Ireland: the Carboniferous Limestone of Millicent,
Clane, co. Cork; Doohybeg, co. Limerick.
Observations.—The original specimen of Lutraria primeva, Portlock, has
disappeared, but the figures and description afford sufficient evidence of the
characters of the species. Apparently another shell has been placed in the
collection under the name, which belongs to quite a different genus, and this
quite accounts for the fact that Mr. Etheridge (op. supra cit.) refers Portlock’s
shell to the genus Myacites.
M‘Coy considered that his Lutraria prisca was less transverse that LD. primexva,
and that the ventral margin was more convex, which is true for the type, which
was a much larger example than that of Portlock. When, however, the lines
marking the several stages of growth are examined in the shells with a flattened
ventral border, it is seen that when young and in the immature stage the ventral
border was very much rounded, and the flattening only occurs later on; and it is
to be noted also that this flattening of the ventral border is accompanied by a
compression of the valves, as if regular growth had been in some way interfered
with. Unfortunately, I have not a large number of examples to study, but
specimens with and without a flattened lower border occur together in the same
beds, and the latter never exhibit the irregularities of growth. I have, therefore,
considered M‘Coy’s species to be synonymous with the Hdmondia primeva,
Portlock, sp.
De Koninck has adopted M‘Coy’s specific name without any reference to
Portlock’s specimen. He describes three other species which I think must be
regarded as synonymous. Proeckia latissima is said to differ from B. prisca “ par
sa moindre épaisseur, par sa différence dans les rapports entre la hauteur et la
largeur et par ses crochets plus antérieurs.”
The dimensions of B. latissima are given as: length 106 mm., height 71 mm. ;
that of B. prisca, from a very imperfect example: length 95 mm., height 64 mm. ;
which are at once seen to be very fairly identical. 6. Kayseri is said to differ in
the same character from B. latissima, the dimensions of the former being; length
95 mm., height 60 mm. Of B. normalis he remarks, ‘‘ Le Broeckia normalis a une
308 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
grande ressemblance avec le Broeckia Kayseri, dont les crochets sont plus petits,
le cdté postérieur plus allongé, et les bords plus arrondis.” I do not think that
the characters here relied upon for specific determination and for the erection of
four species are more than the normal amount of variation to be found in a
species which attains a large size. It may be mentioned that de Koninck states
that the whole four species occur at one horizon, that is, in his étage Il. With
the exception of PB. prisca, all the others are said to be rare.
For such a large shell the groove for the external ligament is very small, and it
is very probable that, as in other members of the family Hdmondide, there was
some internal ligament, for the muscle-scars are very shallow and inconspicuous,
and do not show any indications of great strength.
I have no doubt that the shell described as Myacites ? tenwilineata by R.
Etheridge, jun., is a somewhat undergrown example of Portlock’s species. This
is the only Scottish example of the species that I know. Mr. Etheridge states,
‘Surface with numerous close, thin, concentric lines, which here and there show
traces of granulation.”’ Further on he says, ‘‘ With a good lens traces of the
eranulation can be detected. This would still further tend to ally it with
Myacites.”’ This author was probably not aware that this character had been
shown to be present in Hdmondia by King.
EpMonpia GicantEa, de Koninck, sp., 1885. Plate XXX, figs. 4, 4a.
BroeEcKIA GIGANTEA, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique,
tom: xi, p. 22, play, figsatere.
— DEpPRESSA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 22, pl. v, figs. 7, 8.
— SUBEQUALIS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 21, pl. ui, figs. 19, 20.
Specific Characters.—Shell large, ovately rhomboidal, compressed, only slightly
convex, inequilateral; the anterior end is small but deep, rapidly compressed into
the edge of the valve, especially at the antero-superior angle, which is erect and
bluntly angular. The anterior border is regularly rounded, and passes with a
sweep into the ventral edge, which is only slightly convex, and subparallel with
the dorsal border. The posterior border is almost truncate and subquadrately
rounded at each extremity. The hinge-line is Jong and gently arcuate. The
umbones are elongate, compressed, small, strongly incurved, and twisted on
themselves, contiguous, and situated in the anterior quarter of the valve. They
are raised above the hinge-line, and are well marked off from the valve in front,
where they are on a much higher level than the front part of the hinge-line ; but
behind they form a compressed elongated swelling on each side of and above the
EDMONDIA GOLDFUSSI. 309
hinge-line, but continuous below with the general convexity of the valve. The
valves are gently and regularly convex from before backwards and from above
downwards. Internal to the umbonal swelling is a narrow, depressed, elongated
trench, in the anterior part of which was placed the external ligament.
Interior.—Unknown.
Keterior.—The surface is ornamented with groups of fine concentric lines of
growth, separated by somewhat deeper grooves and more conspicuous in the
lower and newer portion of the valve; the umbonal region is almost smooth.
The greatest convexity is about the centre of the valve; shell thin.
Dimensions.—Fig. 4, Pl. XXX, measures antero-posteriorly (estimated) 95 mm.,
dorso-ventrally 71 mm., side to side 39 mm.
Localities.—Ireland : the Carboniferous Limestone of Little Island, co. Cork.
Observations.—This species does not seem to have been described before from
Great Britain. Fig. 4, Pl. XXX, is in the cabinet of Mr. J. Wright, of Belfast,
and was obtained from Little Island, co. Cork.
De Koninck has described three species under the names Lroechkia gigantea,
B. depressa, and B. subequalis, the two former of which I have no hesitation in
regarding as one species. Of B. depressa that author says, “‘ Cette grande et belle
espece se distingue facilement de ses voisines, et particulicrement du Broeckia
gigantea, par sa forme moins ovale et par sa faible épaisseur relativement a sa
b)
longeur.” £. gigantea is said to have the following proportions, but a large part
of the posterior end is absent: ‘‘ longeur 114 mm., hauteur 75, épaisseur 60 mm.
B. depressa, 1. 115, h. 72, é. 40.”
H. gigantea is less convex, more quadrate, and much deeper in the dorso-
ventral diameter than H. primeva; it wants the transverse sulcations which
characterise [. expansa.
Epmonpia Gotprusst, de Koninck. Plate XXXII, figs. 7—11.
Epmonpia Gouprussi, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Belgique,
tom. xi, p. 31, pl. xii, figs. 11, 12.
Specific Characters.——Shell of medium size, broadly ovate, slightly oblique,
convex, inequilateral. The anterior end is deep from above downwards, short,
compressed, with its border almost straight above, but the curvature below is that
of an arc of a circle, where it sweeps round into the ventral margin, which is much
less convex in its median portion, but behind curves upwards to pass into the
posterior border, which is regularly rounded, almost semicircular. The hinge-line
is arched, forming more or less of an angle with the anterior edge, but behind
40
310 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
forms a continuous curve with the posterior border. The umbones are tumid,
short, somewhat twisted forwards, forming the highest part of the shell, and are
placed in the anterior quarter of the valve.
The valyes are regularly convex from above downwards and before backwards, the
point of greatest convexity being about the centre of the antero-posterior diameter,
which passes through the junction of the upper and middle thirds of the valve.
There is a small, narrow groove above the hinge-edge for the external ligament.
Interior.—The muscle-scars are normal in position, and the hinge-plate is fur-
nished with a comparatively large ossicle, which projects outwards into the cavity
of the umbo. The pallial line is entire. The internal surface is for the great
part smooth, but there are some irregular concentric sulci towards the lower
margin.
Heterior.—The surface is covered by very fine concentric lines of growth, best
marked at the anterior edge of the valve, but becoming almost obsolete over the
posterior half of the shell. Here and there towards the lower margin are irregular,
shallow, concentric grooves. Shell thin.
Dimensions.—Pl. XXXII, fig. 7, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ‘ . ; 1 oonmime
Dorso-ventrally : . 25 mm,
Elevation of valve ' . 10mm.
Localities—England: the Carboniferous Limestone of Thorpe Cloud and
Castleton, Derbyshire.
Observations.—This species occurs in fair abundance at Castleton and Thorpe
Cloud, and is characterised by the regularly rounded form of its posterior end
and its broad anterior extremity, and the fineness of the concentric striz on the
surface.
It is much shorter and comparatively more oblique than LH. wnioniformis, to
which species it appears to me to have a closer affinity than to any other.
De Koninck gives the comparative dimensions of his type specimens as:
“lJongeur 36 mm., hauteur 16 mm,, épaisseur 22 mm.” It will be seen on
referring to his figure that hauteur 16 mm. is a misprint for 22 mm. This species
was obtained from the Upper or Viséan beds of the Carboniferous Limestone of
Belgium.
Epmonpia arcuata, Phillips, sp., 1836. Plate XXXV, figs. 1—4, 6—10.
SanGuinonania P arcuata, Phillips, 1836. Geol. York., pt. 2, p. 209, pl. v,
fig. 4.
— ? -— Morris, 1848. Cat. Brit. Fossils, 1st edit., p. 100.
SANGUINOLITES arcuatus, ‘Coy, 1844. Syn. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 48.
EDMONDIA ARCUATA. 311
Epmonpia arcuata, King, 1849. Monogr. Permian Foss., p. 164.
SANGUINOLITES aRcUATUS, Brown, 1849. LIllustr. Foss. Conch., p. 219, pl. xe,
fig. 16.
Lyonsia arcuata, d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 128.
SaNGUINOLITEs aRcuATUS, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 223.
Epmoypia arcuata, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 3807.
— — Lebour, 1878. Outlines Geol. Northumberland and Durham,
p. 121.
_ — Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 283.
Specific Oharacters.—Transversely elongate, elliptically almond-shaped, very
inequilateral, gibbose, slightly oblique. The anterior end is very short, depressed,
compressed much below the level of the umbones, and has its border erect, almost
semicircular in curvature, passing into the inferior margin, which is elongate, and
almost straight for the greater part of its extent, but is curved upwards at the
posterior end. ‘The posterior margin is bluntly but regularly rounded. The
hinge-line is long and gently arched. ‘The umbones are small, elongate, incurved,
contiguous, not much raised above the body of the shell, and placed in the anterior
fifth of the valve, much excavated anteriorly. The valves are regularly convex
from before backwards and above downwards, so much hollowed out anterior to the
umbones as to be concave. ‘The dorsal slope is broad but only slightly depressed,
and in old specimens there is the slightest approach to obtuseness along a line
passing from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle. Owing to the narrow
anterior end and the obliquity of the valve, the posterior end has a false appear-
ance of being somewhat expanded from above downwards.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is large, triangularly ovate, and
situated remote from the margin in the hollow at the base of the anterior limb of
the umbo, bounded behind by a shallow groove. Immediately above this, and in
the hollow of the anterior limb of the umbo, are some deep accessory muscle-
scars. The posterior adductor is large, shallow, and placed close to the postero-
superior angle. In casts, external to the hinge-plate, is an elongate narrow groove,
expanding and becoming shallower posteriorly, in which lodged the ossicle peculiar
to the genus. In well-preserved casts there is also, posterior to the umbones, an
elongate depression, marked off by a curved line, which starts immediately behind
the umbo, and, turning outwards at first, returns to the edge of the ridge, which
is above the slit for the ossicle and probably represents a thickening of the roof of
the umbo for the support of this process. Hinge edentulous. The interior of
the shell has markedly shallow concentric grooves and ridges. Pallial line entire.
Heterior.—The surface of the valve is covered by numerous, distinct, fine con-
centric lines of growth, with here and there a deeper sulcus, all of which com-
mence and end in the upper margin of the shell, curving completely round each
end. Shell very thin.
312 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Localities.—England: the Redesdale Ironstone of Redesdale and Bellingham,
Northumberland.
Dimensions.—Pl. XXXV, fig. 3, a medium-sized example, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ; : : . 42 mm.
Dorso-ventrally : 3 . 20 mm.
From side to side : » 16 amma};
Observations. —The type of this species, described under the name Sanguwino-
laria ? arcuata by Phillips, is stated to have come from Harelaw, Northumberland.
There is a locality named Harelaw Hill Quarry in Scotland, just over the border,
about a mile west of Penton, which yields Carboniferous Lamellibranchs, and which
may possibly be the locality whence the original of this shell was obtained. Pro-
fessor Lebour thinks that Harelaw may be a misprint for Hareshaw (op. supra cit.,
p. 126), which is quoted by d’Orbigny as a locality for Carboniferous fossils in
Northumberland. H. arcuata is a fairly common fossil at the old ironstone mines
of Redesdale, occurring chiefly in the form of casts, which show the details of the
interior very well, but casts of the exterior are also to be found in a band of
shelly ironstone which occurs in the series.
This species differs from most of the others of the genus in the shape and
position of the anterior adductor muscle-scar. This is very far inside the margin,
large, surmounted by small accessory scars, and situated quite in the umbonal
hollow. #. scalaris, a very different shell, is the only other species of the genus
where this arrangement obtains.
The elliptically pointed end is very characteristic, being proportionally much
longer than obtains in any other species of the genus, and this character serves
at once to distinguish the shell from H. Pentonensis, which has a short but deep
anterior end.
Pl. XXXV, fig. 7, is a fine cast of both valves, and shows the relation of the
hinge-line to the slits on each side, a and b, which received the sharp extended
ridge (ossicle) or outer edge of the hinge-plate, and cc, the hollows for the leaf-
like thickening of the posterior part of the roof of the umbonal cavity. There
was not any space between this process and the shell, and its function probably
was merely to strengthen the base of origin of the hinge-plate and its peculiar
process which projected outwards into the cavity of the umbo. How far these
processes extended outwards from the hinge-plates of this species is well seen in
this specimen, because, being a cast, the actual edge of the hinge occupied the
grooves immediately on each side of the median line, which are seen to be internal
to and below the ossicle. The depth of the process of shell in the roof of the
umbonal cavity varies; in some specimens it is only just visible, though the line
bounding its outer edge may be sharply defined, and in a few examples the line
passes across the umbo to its anterior edge. I do not think that this space could
EDMONDIA PENTONENSIS. 313
have served as an attachment for muscle or ligament; it is not roughened or
punctate, but is the representative probably of the winged process described by
King as present in Hdmondia sulcata (‘Mon. Permian Fossils,’ p. 164, pl. xx,
figs. 3 and 4).
The shape and contour of a great many of the specimens obtained at Redes-
dale are misleading. Very frequently the cast has not been completely filled, and
the contours of the anterior and posterior extremities are often made to appear
as if truncated and obtuse. This condition can be easily recognised by tracing
the concentric markings which are present both on the exterior and anterior,
which will be found to terminate abruptly on the anterior and posterior margins,
instead of curving round, in each case, to end in the upper border of the valve.
Occasionally good impressions of the exterior can be obtained from a bed of
shelly calcareous ironstone which occurs in the series of the Redesdale Ironstone
Measures.
EpMonpIA PENTONENSIS, sp. nov. Plate XXXV, fies. 12—16.
Specific Characters.—Shell of medium size, transversely oblong-oval, elongate,
compressed, upper and lower margins sub-parallel, very inequilateral. The
anterior end is short, compressed, but deep from above downwards, its border
regularly and almost semicircularly curved. The inferior margin is long, very
slightly convex; the posterior border is bluntly rounded below and curved above,
but the curvature of its upper portion is the are of a much larger circle than that
of the lower part. The hinge-line is much shorter than the greatest length of the
shell, and almost straight, slightly elevated posteriorly. ‘The umbones are small,
incurved, and twisted forwards, contiguous, raised above the anterior end of the
shell, but not elevated above the hinge-line, and situated in the anterior fifth of
the shell.
The valves are regularly but very slightly curved from above downwards and
before backwards. The posterior end is somewhat expanded, being deeper than
the anterior in a dorso-ventral diameter. There is a narrow elongate groove for
the external ligament, parallel to and just above the hinge-line.
Interior.—The arrangement of the muscle-scars has not been seen. The hinge
is edentulous, and has a long narrow ridge projecting outwards into the umbonal
cavity.
Exterior.—The surface is covered with numerous fine lines of growth, arranged
concentrically, with several shallow, broad, concentric sulci, more pronounced near
the lower margin, and here and there a line much more apparent than the others.
Shell very thin.
314 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Dimensions.—Fig. 12, Pl. XX XV, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : ; . 64 mm.
Dorso-ventrally , ./ a mamas
Hlevation of valve ; - « mm
Localities —England: rare in the Redesdale Ironstone, Northumberland.
Scotland: in a bed of shale between two limestones at Penton Linns, river
Liddle, Dumfriesshire; in the Schizodus Pentlandicus bed, Randerston, Fife,
Lower Limestone series. .
Observations.—This species occurs at Penton Linns in a bed of shale lying
between two thick limestones, associated with a very rich fauna. The following
Lamellibranchs occur there :—Nucula widulata, N. gibbosa, Nuculana attenuata,
Ctenodonta Pentonensis, Protoschizodus avimiformis, together with several species
of Murchisonia, Macrocheilus, Bellerophon, Orthoceras, Brachiopods, Crinoids,
Fenestella, &c. &. From the fauna, I should certainly regard the bed as
belonging to the Carboniferous Limestone series, and probably as representing
the Beith, Hurlet, or Lower Limestone series of the west of Scotland; and it is
probably the same as that which is exposed at Harelaw Hill and Peter’s Crook
quarries, about a mile H. and W. respectively.
I have been fortunate enough to obtain one specimen which has the external
surface of the shell removed in the neighbourhood of the hinge-line, showing the
outer edge of the process of the hinge-plate (a), which I have called the ossicle,
present in all species of the genus Hdmondia, fig. 12, Pl. XXXV. This shows
that the plate was shelly and not cartilaginous. The outer edge of this ossicle is
4 mm. external to the hinge-lme, and its use was probably, as Professor King
suggested, as a fulcrum, but it is not clear that an internal cartilage was attached
to it.
and it has a somewhat hollowed dorsal slope, and is less oblique.
Although this species is found in at least two localities in Ireland, I am unable
to identify any of the shells figured by M‘Coy as belonging to this genus. At
present I have not met with the species in the Carboniferous Limestone of
England.
338 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Family CYPRINIDAL.
Genus MyTILOMORPHA, gen. nov.
Crpricarpia, Phillips, 18386. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209.
Cypricarpires, Conrad, 1841. Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv. N.Y., p. 53.
CypricarpDia (pars), de Koninck, 1842. Desc. des Anim. Foss., p. 94.
— Morris, 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., 1st edit., p. 85.
— Murchison, de Verneuil, and de Keyserling, 1845. Geol. Russie
d’ Europe, p. 804.
GoniopHora, Phillips, 1848. Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Brit., vol. ii, p. 264.
Cypricanrpia, d’Orbigny, 1849. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 130.
— Brown, 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 198.
— Hichwald, 1853-61. Lethea Rossica, pt. 1, p. 1014.
TrapPEzium (pars), de Ryckholt, 1853. Mélanges paldont., pt. 2me, p. 180.
SoLenopsis (pars), de Ryckholt, 18538. Ibid.
Cypricarpia (pars), Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 198.
GontorHora (pars), Hichwald, 1860. Lethea Rossica, p. 1014.
Cypricarbia, Armstrong, 1864-5. ‘Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. u1, pt. 1, p. 28.
Saneuinoxires, fall, 1870. Pal. New York, vol. v, p. 299.
Cyvnicarpia, Young and Armstrong, 1871. ‘Trans. Soe. Geol. Glasgow, vol. iii,
Supplement, p. 50.
= Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876. Cat. Western Scottish
Fossils, p. 53.
== Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 305.
Evcuaris, Waagen, 1881. Pal. Indica, ser. xiii, vol. i, pt. 3, p. 189.
GoniorHora, Hall, 1883. Pal. New York, vol. v, pt. 1, p. xxiii.
SANGUINOLITES (pars), de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. de
Belgique, tom. xi, p. 58.
Gontoruora, Hall, 1885. Nat. Hist. New York Palexontol., vol. v, pt.1; Lamelli-
branchiata, pt. 2, p. xxill.
= Fischer, 1887. Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 1077.
CypricarDIA (pars), Htheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 282.
Goniopuora, Jilier, 1889. N. American Geol. and Paleontol., p. 481.
— Whidborne, 1891. Devonian Fauna, vol. ii, pt. 1, p. 16.
— Neumayr, 1895. Beit. z. einer Morphol. Einth. d. Bivalven, p. 35.
a Beushausen, 1895. Abh. de K. Preuss. Geo]. Landesanstalt, neue
E., Heit 17, p. 196,
CaRpvioMorrHA (pars), Beushausen, 1895. Abh. k. Preuss. Geo]. Landesanstalt,
neue Folge, Heft 17, p. 283.
Generic Characters.—Shell equivalve, very inequilateral, more or less tri-
angularly rhomboidal, with a very sharp elevated ridge passing backwards and
downwards from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle. The umbones are small
and acute, keeled. Lunule small, escutcheon well marked and elongate.
Interior.—The adductor muscle-scars are well marked and deep. Hinge: the
MYTILOMORPHA. 339
left valve has a strong fold or tooth in front, which is received into a corre-
sponding cavity in the right valve. Pallial line entire, remote from the margin.
Exterior.—The surface is ornamented with close, fine, concentric lines of
growth, often subimbricate.
Observations. —The name Gonophora was proposed by Phillips (op. supra cit.)
for the Cypricardia cymbeformis of Murchison (‘Sil. Syst.,’ pl. in, fig. 10 a), but
no definition of the genus was given. Hall was the first to give a regular
description of the genus, which he adopted for a number of shells occurring in the
Devonian series of the State of New York. It appears that the term Goniophorus
was invented by Agassiz for a genus of Crinoids, and it must therefore be
regarded as preoccupied and inadmissible for a genus of shells. None of the
synonyms of the genus can be retained, as they all were founded on shells possess-
ing characters distinct from the genus under discussion, and it is therefore
necessary to erect a new genus. ‘The term Mytilomorpha seems to me to be a
suitable one, more especially as I think there is strong evidence that this genus is
descended from a mytiliform ancestor. Hall’s description of the hinge of Gonio-
phora is as follows: ‘‘ Hinge furnished with a strong oblique fold or tooth in the
left valve, situated just beneath the beak, and a corresponding depression in the
right valve. No lateral teeth have been observed.” ‘These characters obtain in
the Carboniferous species. There is certainly no lateral tooth, and I have seen
traces of the anterior teeth, but unfortunately I have no specimen sufficiently
perfect to figure which shows them.
Whidborne, Neumayer, 8. A. Miller, and Beushausen all adopt the genus
Goniophora for Devonian shells, and the latter gives a lengthy description of the
genus, following Hall in his account of the hinge. Whidborne describes his shell
as possessing ‘fone if not two small oblique teeth on each valve below the umbo,
and perhaps a long transverse lateral tooth behind.” M‘Coy states (‘ Brit. Pal.
Foss.,’ p. 275) that the shell on which Phillips founded the genus does possess a
* moderately slender lateral tooth,’’ but referred the shell to Orthonotus, Conrad.
There can be no doubt as to the intimate external resemblance of the Carbo-
niferous shells which I have placed under the genus Goniophora, to those
described by the above authors from the Devonian beds of Germany and North
America. Neither can there be any doubt as to the advisability of removing these
species from the genus Cypricardia on account of the structural differences in the
hinge, and, moreover, according to Fischer (‘ Manuel de Conchyliologie,’ p. 1072),
Cypricardia, Lamarck, 1819, was forestalled by Libitina, Schumacher, 1817.
Neumayer, however, erected a new family, Goniophorine. It would seem that
some of the species included under Mecynodon, Keferst, have some external
resemblance to Mytilomorpha. Some species are, however, entirely without the
typical carination. Frech (‘ Zeit. deutsch. Geol. Ges.,’ Bd. xl, p. 127) thinks some
340 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
species of this genus are related to Myophoria. Kayser (‘ Jahresbuch Preuss. Geol.
Landes,’ 1844) thought that there was more similarity between Mecynodon and
Mytilomorpha, but with this Frech evidently does notagree. Beushausen (op. supra
cit,) retains both Goniophora and Mecynodon, and he gives such fine figures of
the hinge-plate of the latter genus as make it at once plain that the two genera
have little or nothing in common. The shape and external marking of the valves
in Mytilomorpha, and the possession of traces of a byssal sinus, seem to point
conclusively to a descent from a mytiliform ancestor; but at the same time the
position of the adductor muscle-scars, the large lunule and escutcheon, and the
structure of the hinge and absence of an internal ligament, show that the shell
cannot be retained in any genus of the family Mytilide. 1 have not been able to
satisfy myself that a byssus was actually present, the inferior margin of the
valves of Mytilomorpha containing no byssal notch. The genus is, on the other
hand, closely related to Cypricardella and Sanguinolites, in the latter of which
M. rhombea has been placed by de Koninck. I think, however, that, seeing how in
Devonian times many allied forms were in existence, it is better to separate the
strongly keeled mytiloid group from Sanguinolites, as other authors have done.
Cypricardella has such a characteristic hinge and concentric markings on the
surface that there can be no doubt of the propriety of distinguishing these two
genera. NSanguinolites may be distinguished from Mytilomorpha by its more
transverse, less oblique, less strongly carinate form, with the surface of the valves
more ornate, generally furnished with lamelle or concentric sulcations and ridges,
having a rolled hinge-plate, and one or more radiating folds on the dorsal slope.
Although much more numerous a species in Devonian times, I only refer two
species of Carboniferous Lamellibranchs to Mytilomorpha, one of which is new.
'The typical Carboniferous form is that described by Phillips as Cypricardia
rhombea,
De Ryckholt referred the same species to Solenopsis.
It seems probable, from the description, that the shell described by Waagen
(op. supra cit.) as Hucharis grandeva, from the Salt Range of India, should rather
be referred to Mytilomorpha. I am ata loss to conceive why he should have
thought that there existed grounds for referring this shell to any genus of the
Myidx. His description is an excellent one, and perfectly characteristic of the
venus Mytilomorpha.
MytinoMorPHA RHOMBEA, Phillips, sp., 1836. Plate XX XVIII, figs. 6—11.
CypricarpIA RHOMBEA, Phillips, 18386. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209, pl. v, fig. 10.
— aLvaBrata, Phillips, 1836. Ibid., p. 209, pl. v, fig. 25.
MYTILOMORPHA RHOMBEA. 341
CYPRICARDIA BIPARTITA, de Koninck, 1842. Desc. anim. foss. de Belg., p. 94,
pl. i, figs. 15 a—e.
- RHOMBEA, Morris, 1843. Cat. Brit. Foss., 1st edit., p. 86.
— GLABRATA, Morris, 1843. Ibid., p. 85.
= RHOMBEA, J/‘Coy, 1844. Synopsis Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 61.
— — de Verneuil, 1845. Geol. Russia in Europe, &c., vol. 1,
p. 304, pl. xix, fig. 15.
— = Bronn, 1848. Nomenclat. Palzontol., p. 386.
— GLABRATA, Bronn, 1848. Ibid., p. 386.
— RHOMBEA, Brown, 1849. Atlas Foss, Conch., pl. lxxxi, fig. 3.
— GLABRATA, Brown, 1849. Ibid., pl. lxxxi, fig. 10.
— RHOMBEA, d’Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de paléontol., p. 130.
SoLENopsis scapHa, de Ryckholt, 1853. Mélanges paléontol., p. 61, pl. xiv,
figs. 5, 6.
CypRricarDIA RHOMBEA, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 198.
— GLABRATA, Morris, 1854. Ibid., p. 198.
Non — RUOMBEA, Hichwald, 1860. Lethea Rossica, vol. i, p. 1014.
— —_ — Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,
vol. i, Supplement, p. 51.
= = GLABRATA, Young and Armstrong, 1871. Ibid., p. 50.
-- — RHOMBEA, Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876. Cat. West
Scotl. Foss., p. 53.
= — GLABRATA, Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876. Ibid., p. 53.
==. RHOMBEA, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniterus, p. 305.
_ GLABRATA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 305.
SANGUINOLITES RHOMBEUS, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Belgique,
tom. xi, p. 68, pl. xv, fig. 28.
_ BIPARTITUS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 69, pl. xv, fig. 27.
— cUNEATUS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 71, pl. xvi, figs. 14, 15.
— scapHa, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 70, pl. xv, fig. 88.
CYPRICARDIA RHOMBEA, Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 282.
— GLABRATA, Htheridge, 1888. Ibid., p. 282.
Specific Characters.—Shell above medium size, very inequilateral, transversely
and somewhat irregularly trapezoidal, narrowed anteriorly, expanded pos-
teriorly, strongly carinate. The anterior end is very small and narrow, projecting
forwards much below the level of the rest of the valve, its border an irregular
ellipse passing into the long and straight ventral margin, which forms the longest
diameter of the shell, and meets the posterior margin at a rounded right angle.
The posterior border is truncate from above downwards, and is almost vertical,
very slightly curved, meeting the hinge-line at a rounded angle, almost a right
angle. The hinge-line is arched in front but produced, straight and elevated
behind. The umbones are comparatively small, angular, incurved and directed
forwards, so that they appear produced over the small and low anterior part, but
do not form the most anterior part of the valve. Passing obliquely downwards
44
342 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
and backwards from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle is a strong well-
marked angular ridge, which divides the shell into two almost equal triangular
portions, which are inclined to each other at an obtuse angle. The inferior and
lower is compressed and hollowed from before backwards just in front of the
ridge, but becomes convex in the anterior part of the valve. The upper and
posterior triangle is gently convex, and forms the dorsal slope, but becomes com-
pressed and expanded towards the posterior border. Lunule weil developed.
Escutcheon large and broad.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is large, deep, and rough, and
occupies almost the whole of the cavity of the anterior portion of the shell, and is
surrounded behind by a broad ridge of moderate dimensions. The posterior
adductor scar is large, smooth, deep posteriorly, and placed immediately below
the superior border some distance from the posterior end. ‘The anterior part of
the hinge has not been exposed, but posteriorly there is evidence of a simple
edentulous, rolled, hinge edge. The pallial line is well marked, entire, and
remote from the margin.
Heterior.—The surface is covered with fine, almost obsolete, close, concentric
lines and strie of growth, which in the front part of the valve become near the
lower edge collected into bundles separated by deeper grooves. Towards the
posterior edge the lines of growth are stronger, and may become almost imbricate.
Shell thin.
Dimensions —The type specimen of Phillips’s Cypricardia rhombea, PI.
XXXVIII, fig. 8, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . 4 » 30imaima
Dorso-ventrally : =) Samay
Greatest lateral gibbosity of anal valve . 2) 27 mmr
A very large specimen from the Isle of Man, in the collection of Mr. Law,
Pl, XXXVIII, fig. 11, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . ; : > 90cm
Dorso-ventrally : : : . 38 mm.
Laterally . . 14mm.
Localities.—England: the ine Per erer aeons of Hill Bolton and Settle,
and the Bolland District of Yorkshire; Wetton, North Staffordshire ; Thorpe
Cloud, Dovedale, and Castleton, Derbyshire; the Upper Shelly Limestone of
Poolvash, Isle of Man. Ireland: the Carboniferous Limestone of Ballycahane,
co. Limerick.
Observations.—Under the names Cypricardia rhombea and CO. glabrata, Phillips
described two shells from the Carboniferous Limestone of Bolland, of which the
type of the former only is still preserved. This is in the Gilbertson Collection of
the Museum of Natural History, South Kensington, and I am kindly permitted
MYTILOMORPHA RHOMBEA. 343
by the authorities to refigure it, Pl. XXXVIII, fig. 8. I have, however, a strong
suspicion that the two shells really belong to one species, and that C. glabrata
was only the young state of Mytilomorpha rhombea. I have therefore considered
it as a synonym, but it would be impossible to retain the species in the absence
of the type and any definite description ; for, meagre as were the descriptions
generally given by Phillips, he described his C. rhombea as *‘ rhomboidal valves
diagonally carinated,” and CU. glabrata ‘‘ovato-rhomboidal valves diagonally
tumid.”’
In company with Morris, de Verneuil, Etheridge, and others, I regard the
C. bipartita of de Koninck (op. supra cit.) as a synonym of Phillips’s shell,
although in his later work de Koninck protests against such a view, and says, p. 69,
“le S. rhombeus est relativement plus large, surtout vers son extrémité postérieure,
que le S. bipartitus ; parce que le caréne diagonale de celui-ci est beaucoup plus
arquée, et que son bord antérieur est formé d’une courbe d’un rayon beaucoup plus
court.” He gives the following comparative dimensions :—S. rhombeus, 1. 30 mm.,
h. 15 mm., ép. 12 mm.; SV. bipartitus, 1. 25 mm.,h. 12 mm., ép. 14mm. I do not
believe that any useful purpose can be served by the erection of species on small
differences in comparative measurements, and I would remark that in Belgium
both species occur at the same horizon, Htage III, Viséan. Judging from the
drawing alone there would be some doubt whether de Verneuil’s shell is identical
with Phillips’s, but that author expresses himself in the text as thoroughly
convinced upon this point.
I have placed Solenopsis scapha of de Ryckholt as a possible synonym. This
species occurred in the beds at Visé, and the species was adopted by de Koninck,
who figures a very young specimen.
I am also disposed to regard de Koninck’s Sanguinolites cuneatus as synonymous
with M. rhombea.
IT am of opinion that an error has been made in referring shells, from various
localities in the Carboniferous series of the west of Scotland, to the ‘species by
Messrs. Young and Armstrong. I have as yet seen nothing like the shell from
these localities, but in Scotch cabinets I find that the name Cypricardia rhombea,
Phillips, is applied to those shells which I describe, p. 356, as Cypricardella
rectangularis.
The full-grown example, fig. 11, Pl. XXXVIII, from the cabinet of Mr. R.
Law of Hipperholm, Yorkshire, far exceeds in size any other specimens with
which I am acquainted, and serves to emphasise the essential differences between
this species and M. angulata. This specimen is a cast of the interior, only in-
complete at the postero-superior angle. The details of the anterior part of the
hinge are still unknown, and only enough of the posterior hinge-line is left to
show a rolled edge and the absence of a lateral tooth. ‘There is no evidence that
344 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
this or any other species of the genus possessed a byssus, but the marked
sulcation anterior to the ridge very closely resembles the byssal sulcus in shells
possessing that organ, but it is probably an ancestral relic pointing to descent
from some byssiferous ancestor.
MyrtinomorpHa ANGULATA, sp. nov. Pl. XXXVIII, figs. 12—18.
Specific Characters.—Shell large, triangularly cuneate, much swollen, markedly
angulate and carinate, very inequilateral and oblique. The anterior end is very
short and narrowed from above downwards, much compressed, its border rounded
and small in extent. The inferior border is produced, sinuous, directed down-
wards and backwards, and becomes convex posteriorly. The posterior border is
truncated obliquely from above downwards and backwards, nearly straight for
the upper two-thirds, but below it is gradually rounded forwards to meet the
inferior border at a well-marked angle, slightly larger than aright angle. The
hinge-line is arched and depressed in front, but posterior to the umbones is
straight and produced. ‘The umbones are small, pointed, contiguous, twisted
forwards and downwards, and reach almostas far as the anterior edge of the shell,
above which they are raised. The lunule is deep and excavated, and the
escutcheon is long and wide, bounded externally by a marked elongate angular
fold. Passing backwards and downwards from the umbo to the posterior inferior
angle is a very high acute ridge, which is gently sinuous and often everted in a
downward direction, and divides the valves into two unequal parts—an anterior
and lower, which is elongate and narrowed; an upper and posterior, which is
shorter and broader. These portions are placed at an angle of about 45° to each
other. To attain this position the lower portion becomes twisted on itself, the
extreme anterior end being flat and vertical. The lower portion of the valve is
compressed and hollowed so as to be slightly concave on section, the lower part
of the valve being bent rapidly inwards to meet its fellow; the upper portion,
forming the dorsal slope, is regularly but slightly convex.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-sear is large, deep, and triangular,
placed within the small anterior end, the greater part of which it occupies. The
scar is bounded behind and below by a ridge of shelly material. The posterior
adductor scar is large, rounded, rough, placed well within the margin of the shell,
and some distance below the hinge-line in the hollow of the posterior slope. The
pallial line is entire and remote from the margin.
The hinge has not been clearly seen.
The interior of the shell is smooth, the anterior portion showing behind the
CYPRICARDELLA. 345
ridge bounding the muscle-scar an oblique hollow, behind which is an oblique
depression.
Heterior.—The shell is covered with concentric lines of growth, which become
very much accentuated as they approach the oblique ridge; on the posterior slope
they become flattened and markedly imbricate. The shell is of moderate
thickness.
Dimensions. —Fig. 12, Pl. XXX VIII, in my own collection from the upper bed
of Thorpe Cloud, measures—
Antero-posteriorly ; ; ; . 3 mm.
Dorso-ventrally : ; : , AD mm,
Elevation of valve : = 15 mm:
Locality.—England: the Carboniferous Limestone of ‘Thorpe Cloud, Derby-
shire.
Observations—Mytilomorpha angulata attains to a fairly large size, but it is
much less transverse and more nearly quadrate than M. rhoimbea ; moreover in the
latter the segment of the valve in front and below the oblique keel is almost equal
to the upper and posterior segment, but with regard to M. angulata the latter is
much larger than the former, and in addition the oblique ridge is also much more
acute, and the anterior end is much smaller in every way.
This species has a considerable superficial resemblance to a mytiloid shell,
especially to Myalina Fleimingi, but the internal characters and the hinge-line show
that it has no real affinity to this genus. I cannot find any Belgian specimens of
this species, nor at present have I obtained it from any other locality than that of
Thorpe Cloud at the entrance to Dovedale. Here it is not at all uncommon, but
perfect examples are rare, and I have not yet seen a specimen possessing both
valves in situ. Casts of the hinge are not common, but show a simple linear
hinge edge posteriorly, and in front a thickened hinge-plate with indications of
teeth.
Family CRASSITELLID As.
Genus CYPRICARDELLA, Hall, 1858.
Venus, Phillips, 1836. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209.
Micropon, Conrad, 1842. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., vol. vin, p. 247.
Cypricarpia, de Koninch, 1843. Desc. Anim. Foss., p. 97.
AsTARTE (pars), de Koninck, 1843. Ibid., p. 80.
Venus, Morris, 1848. Cat. Brit. Foss., 1st edit., p. 104.
— Brown, 1849. Illust. Foss. Conch., p. 205.
Cypricarpta (pars), d’Orbigny, 1851. Prodrome de Paléontol., p. 180.
Mreanopon (pars), d’Orbigny, 1851. Ibid., p. 180.
346 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
AstartE, de Ryckholt, 1853. Mélanges paléontol., 2me partie, p. 111.
Venus (?), Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 2381.
CypricarpEetna, Hall, 1856. Trans. Albany Inst., vol. iv, p. 17.
AsTartreLia, Hall, 1858. Geol. Rep. Iowa, p. 715.
Cypricarpia, Armstrong, 1864-5. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii, pt. 1, p. 28.
— Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. iu,
Supplement, p. 50.
-< Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876, Cat. West Scottish Foss.,
p: 53.
Eovon, Hall, 1877. Am. Pal. Foss., 1st edit., p. 244.
Cypricarpia, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 305.
CypRIcaRDELLA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 3804.
AsSTARTELLA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 298.
MticroponeEuua, Whiert, 1881.
CYPRICARDELLA, Whitfield, 1882. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. i, No. 3, p. 638.
— de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat. Belge, tom. xi,
p- 91.
? Epmonpia (pars), de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 43.
Micropvon (CypricarpEtia), Hall, 1885. Nat. Hist. N. York Paleontol., vol. v,
pt. 1) amell<) i, p. xv.
CypRICARDELLA, Mischer, 1887. Man. de Conchyliologie, p. 1020.
SANGUINOLITES (pars), de Koninck, 1888. Ibid., p. 64.
Cypricarpia, Ltheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. Paleozoic, p. 282.
— Miller, 1889. N. Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 474.
CYPRICARDELLA, Beushausen, 1889. Jahrbuch d. Konig]. Geol. Landesanstalt,
S. 226.
= (@hlert, 1889. Unterdevon. Zeitschrift a. Deutsch. Geol. Ges.,
Ba. xh, p. 213.
ASTARTELLA, Diller, 1889. N. Amer. Geol. and Pal., p. 463.
— Keyes, 1894. Missouri Geol. Surv., vol. v, p. 125.
— Goodchild, 1894. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii, p. 356.
CYPRICARDELLA, Beushausen, 1895. Abl. Konig]. Preuss. Geol. Landesanstalt,
Heft 17, p. 134.
Generic Characters.—Shell ovate, subquadrate, compressed, with a truncated
posterior end and oblique ridge. Lunule and escutcheon large, the outer edge
of the latter strongly everted. Shell ornamented with concentric ridges or striz
of growth.
Interior.—Hinge with one or two cardinal teeth in each valve, and a long
lamellar anterior and posterior lateral teeth. Pallial line entire, internal surface
of lower margin often crenulated, shell moderately thick.
Observations. —The genus Cypricardella was founded in 1856 by Hall for shells
which have been shown to be identical with Microdon of Conrad. The latter
name, however, had been used by Agassiz for a genus of fishes, and, as de
Koninck points out, by Meigen for a genus of Diptera in 1803, and consequently
CYPRICARDELLA. 347
has to be discarded. Whitfield and de Koninck have both adopted Cypricardella,
the latter referring fifteen species to it from the Carboniferous beds of Belgium,
four of them being doubtfully placed in this genus.
In the second volume of the ‘ Lamellibranchiata of New York’ (op. supra cit.)
Hall acknowledges the identity of Microdon and Cypricardella. Iam of opinion
that Hall’s genus Astartella is probably identical with Cypricardella. The species
on which this genus was founded, A. vera, possesses all the characters which
T regard as diagnostic of Cypricardella. The date of the description of Astartella
is 1858, the same year as that of Cypricardella, but I am unable to ascertain which
of the two was actually published first.
It is to be noted that the existence of a posterior lateral tooth was not
recognised in either of Hall’s genera, but the hinge of Cypricardella is described
as follows :—‘“ Hinge characterised by a triangular tooth in each valve, that of
the left valve short and situated beneath the beak, with a more elongate pit or
groove behind it for the reception of the tooth of the right valve. The right
valve has also a triangular pit beneath the beak for the reception of the short
tooth in the left valve, and a long triangular fold behind, which is sometimes double.
No lateral teeth have been observed, unless the long oblique fold of the right valve
be regarded as a lateral tooth.” It is just such a character as this that I have
described as a lateral tooth, and if the sides of a tooth socket be at all pronounced
they immediately become cardinal teeth ; hence I consider that this deseription of
the hinge is practically identical with that which obtains in the Carboniferous shells
which I refer to Cypricardella. De Koninck says that the right valve has two
teeth separated by a socket for the single tooth of the left valve, and the cardinal
border possesses a long straight groove in both valves destined to receive a
ligament which is partly external and partly internal. With the fact that a
eroove is present I am in agreement, but I do not consider that this groove was
for the ligament, as the edges of the valves are in contact at the bottom of the
escutcheon, and it 1s difficult to see how a ligament in such a case could be partly
external and partly internal.
Astartella is stated to have two teeth in each valve, the anterior tooth of the
right valve being large and strong, and having a longitudinal pit in the summit ;
but I am only able to find figures of the hinge in the work (op. supra cit.) with
the original description.
The shells now referred to Cypricardella have been generally classed with
Cypricardia by British paleontologists, but the characters of the hinge at once
separate them from this genus; but I think that Hall’s genus may be placed in
the family Crassitellide rather than in the family Astartide, to which Fischer and
Beushausen have referred it, though it really possesses characters intermediate
between the two genera.
348 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Cypricardella is very closely related to Mytilomorpha and Sanguinolites. The
former genus is, however, distinguished by its strong keel dividing the shell into
two flattened triangular portions, the absence of well-marked posterior lateral
teeth, and the relatively small development of the lunule and escutcheon, the
almost obsolete anterior end, the pointed, almost terminal, and angularly com-
pressed umbones, and the absence of regular concentric grooves and ridges
externally. The genus Sanguinolites is even more closely related to Oypri-
cardella, but is more transverse, has a stronger diagonal fold or ridge, and a
rolled edge to the hinge-plate posteriorly and an entirely different hinge. The
escutcheon is without an everted edge, and the concentric ridges and markings
fail on the dorsal slope, which is hollowed and often traversed by one or more
diagonal lines, and the periostracum is tuberculated.
Kidmondia filigrana, de Koninck, if correctly drawn, is shown to possess a
lunule and escutcheon, and therefore cannot be correctly referred to that genus,
which possesses neither of those characters. It is of course possible that the
artist has committed the error, but if lunule and escutcheon are present the shell
would have far greater affinities with Cypricardella than with Hdmondia.
CYPRICARDELLA PARALLELA, Phillips, sp. Plate XX XIX, figs. 1—7.
VENUS PARALLELA, Phillips, 1886. Geol. Yorks., pt. 2, p. 209, pl. v, fig. 8.
CYPRICARDIA PARALLELA, de Koninck, 1843. Desc. Anim. Foss., p. 97, pl. iii,
fig. 15.
VENUS PARALLELA, Morris, 1848. Cat. Brit. Foss., Ist edit., p. 104.
— — Brown, 1849. Ilust. Foss. Conch., p. 205, pl. ]xxxiii, figs. 3, 4.
CypricaRDIA PARALLELA, d’Orbigny, 1851. Prodrome de paléontol., p. 180.
ASTARTE PARALLELA, de Ryckholt, 1853. Meélanges paléontol., partie ii, p. 119.
— pEcurrAtTA, de Ryckholt, 1853. Ibid., p. 113, pl. xv, figs. 5, 6. .
- = stENosoma, de Ryckholt, 1858. Ibid., p. 118, pl. xv, figs. 9, 10.
VENUS? PARALLELA, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 281.
ASTARTE PARALLELA, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 299.
CYPRICARDIA PARALLELA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 305.
ASTARTE STENOSOMA, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 801.
CYPRICARDELLA PARALLELA, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. Belge,
tom. xi, p. 96, pl. xii, figs. 50, 51.
— pEcurtAta, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 94, pl. xxi, figs. 35, 36.
? -- sTENOSOMA, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 95, pl. xxi, figs. 24—27.
CYPRICARDIA PARALLELA, Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 282.
? VENUS PARALLELA, Goodchild, 1894. Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. xii,
p- 356.
Specific Characters——Shell below medium size, subrhomboidal, slightly gibbose,
inequilateral. The anterior end is short, moderately deep, excavated above by a
CYPRICARDELLA PARALLELA. 349
deep lunule, compressed, with a regularly rounded border. The inferior margin
is regularly and gently convex. The posterior margin is subtruncate, slightly
convex, the postero-inferior angle regularly rounded, the postero-superior a well-
marked shghtly obtuse angle. The hinge-line is arched, produced, and depressed
posteriorly. The umbones are small, incurved and twisted forwards, pointed,
contiguous, slightly raised above the hinge-line, and placed at the junction of the
anterior and middle thirds of the valve. Passing obliquely downwards and back-
wards from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle is an obscure ridge which
separates the compressed and flattened dorsal slope from the rest of the valve,
which is regularly but gently curved, the greatest convexity of the valves being
subumbonal. A strong ridge passes backwards from the umbo to the postero-
superior angle, separating the escutcheon from the dorsal slope. The escutcheon
is large and elongate, and trench-hke.
Intervior.—No details of the interior have been observed.
Heterior.—The surface is ornamented with regular, close, concentric, fine
ridges and sulci, which are continued over the dorsal slope, and terminate in the
hinge-line. Shell comparatively thick.
Dimensions.—Fig. 3, Pl. XX XIX, from South-west Yorkshire, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : ; i ~ I aaaiaal,
Dorso-ventrally F : : 5 A caanran,
From side to side : ’ f 9 mm.
Localities —VThe Carboniferous Limestone of Hill Stebden, Yorkshire, and
Pilsbury, Derbyshire.
Observations.—Ty pe specimen of Phillips’s Venus parallela is preserved in the
Gilbertson Collection of the Natural History Museum, South Kensington, and I am
permitted to refigure it by the kind permission of Dr. Henry Woodward, fig. 1,
Pl. XXXIX. It is a much smaller specimen than some of those I figure, but is
fairly perfect. De Koninck somewhat doubtfully referred a specimen from the
Limestone of Visé to this species (op. supra cit.) ; and de Ryckholt also adopted it,
but undoubtedly described as new, shells of this same species which varied shghtly
in shape from his conception of the type. De Koninck in his later work adopted
several of de Ryckholt’s species, but I consider that these are founded on insuffi-
cient evidence, the minor differences of size and strength of the external ornament
not being of specific value.
CU. concentrica approaches nearer to C. parallela than any other species of the
genus, but the hinge-line is much straighter and more produced posteriorly, and
much less compressed, the concentric ridges are much fewer, larger, and further
apart, and the shells less convex.
Phillips gives the locality for his shell as Bolland. I have not yet been able
to obtain any of his species in that district, though the majority of those
45
350 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
referred to Bolland are to be obtained in the Craven district. A series of five
well-preserved but small specimens of this species are in the Museum of the
Geological Survey, Jermyn Street, and Mr. H. J. Garwood has collected several
examples from the so-called knoll reefs between Cracoe and Burnsall in Craven.
Mr. Goodchild refers a number of specimens, in the Armstrong Collection of the
Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, and in the collection of the Geological
Survey, to the Venus parallela of Phillips, and states that in his opinion this
species should be referred to Cypricardella of Hall. I expect that he has mistaken
C. crebricostata of Armstrong and some of the other species of the genus which
occur in Scotland for Phillips’s shell. He evidently is in error in supposing that
the Cypricardia rhombea of authors has any relationship to C. parallela, for it
belongs to a totally different genus, and I have not met with any specimens of
that shell from the Carboniferous beds of Scotland. Fig. 6, Pl. XXXIX, is a
curious variety, differing much in contour from the type of the species. As it is
the only specimen of its kind, I hesitate to erect a new species for it, and for the
present suggest that it may be a mere sport.
CYPRICARDELLA CONCENTRICA, sp. nov. Pl. XX XIX, figs. 8—11.
? VeNnUS ELLIPTICA, Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, 1871,
vol. ili, Supplement, p. 54.
yo == — Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876. Cat. West. Scot.
Foss., p. 55.
Specific Characters.—Shell small, subcircularly quadrate, very moderately
eibbose, slightly inequilateral, very obscurely carinate. The anterior end com-
prises the anterior third of the valve, and is compressed and narrowed; its border
rounded, forming with the inferior border as far as the postero-inferior angle a
single almost semicircular curve. The posterior margin is almost straight and
obliquely truncate from above downwards and forwards, forming a well-marked
almost right angle with the hinge-line, and being bluntly rounded below into the
inferior border. ‘The hinge-line is arched, straight, depressed, and often bent
downwards on itself posteriorly. The umbones are small, pointed, incurved,
contiguous, tumid, slightly raised and placed in front of the middle line. The
lunule is narrow, steep, and elongate, the escutcheon broad, deep, and long,
marked off from the dorsal slope by an erect, narrow, slightly curved, angular ridge,
often bent on itself. Passing downwards and obliquely backwards from the
umbones to the postero-inferior angle is an obscurely angular ridge, which
separates the compressed and hollowed dorsal slope from the rest of the valve,
which is regularly but very gently convex.
CYPRICARDELLA CONCENTRICA. 351
Interiorv.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small, round, and marginal.
The posterior, very small, is placed immediately below the hinge-line, remote from
the posterior end. The pallial line is entire. The hinge consists of a single
cardinal tooth with a cavity on each side of it, and an elongate posterior lateral
lamellar tooth in the right valve. In the left are two cardinal teeth, separated by
a deep triangular cavity and an elongate posterior lateral tooth. Formula
R. 0,010,1
iy ORIG Se
Jeterior.—The surface is ornamented with regular, concentric, raised angular
ridges, separated by grooves which are finely striated concentrically ; these ridges
all terminate at the oblique ridge, only an occasional one being carried across
the dorsal slope, which is smooth or very finely striate. Shell moderately thick
for its size.
Dimensions.—Fig. 8, Pl. XX XIX, a specimen in the cabinet of Mr. J. Neilson,
measures—
The interior of the valve is smooth.
Antero-posteriorly ‘ : : 5 Le canna,
Dorso-ventrally : : : . 14mm.
From side to side =) eo mmm
Localities.—Scotland : the Upper Limestone series of Linn Spout, Dalry, and
Gare; the Lower Limestone series of Law, near Dalry, and Craigen Glen.
Observations.—I am of opinion that the species just described has been referred
to Venus elliptica of Phillips by Scotch geologists, but that shell is probably a
truncated and incompletely preserved specimen of Allorisma sulcata, The
majority of specimens which I have examined are small, but Messrs. Neilson and
Smith have lent me specimens, Figs. 8 and 10, Pl. XXXIX, which show the
shell in its adult state. Mr. Smith, in addition, has examples of the shell
showing the hinge, fig. 10 a, Pl. XX XIX.
The majority of the species of this genus are not so strongly ribbed con-
centrically, but one other species, C. parallela, which occurs in the Carboniferous
Limestone of Hill Stebden, S.W. Yorkshire, possesses this character; here the
ribs are much more numerous and closer, and the shell is more gibbose, and
has the postero-superior angle much less elevated. The Astartella vera of Hall
has a very close resemblance indeed to (C. concentrica, but is more gibbose,
transverse, and has a well-marked oblique ridge, and the concentric ridges are
more numerous and closer. I have been able to compare the two species
directly, as a series of Astartella vera were sent to me by the Smithsonian
Institution.
352 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
CYPRICARDELLA CREBRICUSTATA, Armstrong, sp., 1865. Plate XXXIX, figs. 12, 13.
CYpPRICARDIA CREBRICOSTATA, Armstrong, 1865. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. ii,
pt. 1, p. 28, pl. i, fig. 4.
— — Young and Armstrong, 1871. Ibid., vol. iii, Supple-
ment, p. 50.
— — Young, Armstrong, and Robertson, 1876. Cat.
Western Scottish Fossils, p. 53.
— Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus,
p. 203.
— _— Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic,
p. 282.
Specific Characters.—Shell transversely subquadrate, tumid, anterior and pos-
terior ends both narrowed in the dorso-ventral direction, inequilateral. The anterior
end is short, the antero-superior angle a well-marked right angle, from which
the margin descends, becoming rounded below, and passes with a rapid curve into
the inferior border. The upper part of the anterior end is much encroached upon
by a large depressed lunule. The inferior border is almost straight, rounded at
either extremity. The posterior margin is bluntly truncate and almost straight,
somewhat narrowed in adult specimens by the depression of the posterior part of
the hinge-line. The hinge-line is arched, depressed and extended posteriorly,
and may be emarginate, thus causing the postero-superior angle to vary in degree.
The postero-inferior angle is a right angle. The umbones are comparatively
large, tumid, elongate, twisted inwards, pointed, contiguous, very little raised, and
placed in the anterior third of the valve. Passing obliquely downwards and
backwards from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle is a bluntly rounded ridge,
which separates the compressed and hollowed dorsal slope from the rest of the
valve. ‘The upper margin of the shell is formed behind bya raised angular everted
ridge, which passes backwards and is somewhat depressed, and which separates
the deep, wide and elongated escutcheon from the dorsal slope. Anterior to the
oblique ridge the valve is regularly and convexly curved from above downwards
and before backwards, being more convex in the dorso-ventral diameter.
Interior.—Not yet seen.
Heterior.—The surface is ornamented with very numerous regular distinct
rounded ridges, only well seen under the microscope, which are continued across
the dorsal slope to the upper margin of the valve. Shell thin.
Dimensions.—Fig. 18, Pl. XX XIX, from shale above the Arden Limestone,
in the collection of Mr. J. Smith, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . : 22 mama
Dorso-ventrally : : : SO tmame
From side to side 2) 7 mom,
CYPRICARDELLA SELYSIANA. 353
Localities.—Scotland : the Upper Limestone series of Westerhouse and Gare,
in shale above the Arden Limestone, Carluke.
Observations.—This species is one of two very distinct species of the genus
Cypricardella described by Armstrong (op. supra cit.). Inthe Armstrong Collection
of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art are four tablets labelled Cypricardia
crebricostata. Dr. Traquair has kindly compared them for me with specimens of
other Scotch species which I forwarded to him, so that there is no doubt of the
true characters of Armstrong’s species, which can be distinguished from all others
of the genus by its shape and markings. The concentric ribs are very regular,
closer and finer than obtains in any other species. The shell is comparatively
more gibbose than C. pavallela, and has the posterior end narrowed from above
downwards by the descent of the upper border, which is very marked. All the
localities where the shell has been yet obtained are on one horizon, which is placed
at 300 fathoms below the Ell coal. Armstrong’s figures are much enlarged, but
are not particularly distinctive of the species.
CYPRICARDELLA SELYSIANA, de Koninchk, sp., 1843. Plate XXXIX, figs. 27—30.
Cypricarpra Srnystana, de Koninck, 1843. Desc. Anim. Foss., p. 95, pl. vi,
Hedi
- = -- d Orbigny, 1850. Prodrome de paléontol., p. 130.
TrapeziumM LyEniianum, de Ryckholt, 1853. Mélanges paléontol., 2me partie,
p. 183, pl. xiv, figs. 27, 28.
— PRESECTUM, de Ryckholt, 1853. Ibid., p. 132, pl. xiv, figs. 15, 16.
CYPRICARDIA RHOMBEA, Young and Armstrong, 1871. Trans. Geol. Soe. Glas.,
vol. ii, Supplement, p. 51.
—- — Armstrong, Young, and Robertson, 1876. Cat. West.
Scotl. Foss., p. 53.
— Serysrana, Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 305.
TRAPEZIUM PRESECTUM, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 315.
— Lyrtii1anum, Bigsby, 1878. Ibid., p. 315.
SaNGUINOLITES SELys1anus, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat.
Belg., tom. xi, p. 64, pl. xv, fig. 36.
a LyEwiianus, de Koninek, 1885. Ibid., p. 64, pl. xv, fig. 39;
pl. xvii, figs. 9, 10.
— PRESECTUS, de Koninck, 1885. Ibid., p. 67, pl. xv, fig. 37.
Cypricarpia Senystana, Etheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic, p. 282.
Specific Characters—Shell very inequilateral, subquadrate, oblique, only
moderately tumid, carinate. The anterior end is short and narrow in the dorso-
ventral diameter, compressed, and its border is gradually rounded, its upper
border being much below the level of the umbones. The inferior border is convex
354 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
in front, but almost straight for its posterior two thirds. The posterior border is
truncated obliquely from above downwards and forwards, and is straight, so that
the postero-superior angle projects further backwards than any other part of the
shell. 'The postero-inferior angle is blunt and obtuse, the postero-superior angle
almost a right angle, and is well marked. The superior border is much arched in
front, and is almost straight posterior to the umbones. The umbones are small,
pointed, twisted forwards, contiguous, and are placed very far forwards, being
encroached upon in front by a large lunule. Passing obliquely backwards and
downwards from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle is a blunt, obtuse, but
well-defined ridge separating the shell into two unequal portions: the anterior or
larger is very gently convex ; the posterior 1s compressed, expanded and hollowed,
forming the dorsal slope. The escutcheon is large, and becomes wider and deeper
as it passes backwards.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small and deep, situated
immediately within the anterior superior angle, and separated from the rest of
the shell by a ridge, which leaves a groove in casts. The posterior adductor scar
is small and shallow, and is placed a little within the margin of the posterior
superior angle. Pallial line entire. The hinge of the right valve consists of a
thin anterior lamellar tooth, with a hollow groove above it for the corresponding
tooth of the opposite valve, a cardinal tooth with a socket in front and behind it,
and a long lamellar posterior lateral tooth.
Heterior.—The surface is ornamented with fine concentric lines of growth, and
an occasional one so much accentuated that it forms a well-marked sulcus.
Localities—Scotland: the Upper Limestone series of Gare, Robroyston.
The Lower Limestone series of Craigen Glen; Law, Dalry. Roscobie and Daloch
Quarry, Fife.
Dimensions.—Fig. 30, Pl. XX XIX, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . ‘ 5 . 13) mm:
Dorso-ventrally é : : « Os aninar
Elevation of valve. : . 2°59 mm.
Observations.
This species was established for a specimen from the Limestone
of Visé in 1842 by de Koninck, and re-described in 1885, a single figure only being
given. In the meanwhile de Ryckholt (op. supra cit.) had described under the
genus Trapezium two shells, also from the limestone of Visé, which I have no doubt
are synonymous with CO. NSelysiana. De Koninck retained the three species,
referring them to the genus Sanguinolites, and says in his observations on the
latter species it is closer to S. presectus and S. Lyellianus than any other, and
is distinguished from the former by its rectangular shape, and from the latter by
having the umbones placed not so far forward and by the prolongation of its
anterior end below them. A large series of examples shows that these characters
CYPRICARDELLA ANN. 399
are only varietal, or due to small differences of growth only, and indeed
de Koninck’s descriptions of all these species are practically identical. He has
correctly recognised that the Cypricardia rhombea of Young and Armstrong is not
the C. rhombea of Phillips, but referred it to T. presectum of de Ryckholt.
I have been able fortunately to meet with shells showing the hinge and internal
characters most perfectly preserved, and therefore have sufficient grounds for
placing the species under Cypricardella rather than under Sanguinolites ; but the
external form, and above all the peculiar everted margin of the escutcheon, show
more affinity to the former than to the latter genus.
CyPRICARDELLA ANN®, de Ltyckholt, sp., 1853. Plate XXXIX, figs. 31—35.
? Nucvna carinata, M‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 68, pl. xi, fig. 21.
? Trapeztum ANN, de Ryckholt, 1852. Mélanges paléontol., p. 134, pl. xiv, figs.
21, 22.
? Lepa cartnata, Morris, 1854. Cat. Brit. Foss., 2nd edit., p. 205.
Crenoponta cartnata, Bigsby, 1877. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus, p. 8038.
SANGUINOLITES ANN, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. d’Hist. Nat. de Belgique,
tom. xi, p. 65, pl. xvii, figs. 11, 12.
Specific Characters.—Shell small, oblique, nearly regularly diamond-shaped,
inequilateral, strongly carinate. The anterior end is short, narrow, and almost
obsolete, its border rounded. The inferior margin is straight, depressed, and
comparatively short, meeting the posterior border at a wide obtuse angle. The
posterior border is obliquely truncate from above downwards and forwards, almost
straight, and about as long as the inferior border. ‘The hinge-line is very long,
arched in front, slightly curved, produced, depressed posteriorly, meeting the
posterior border at a well-marked acute angle. The umbones are small, obtuse,
twisted forwards, not elevated, and placed very far forwards. Passing downwards
and obliquely backwards from the umbones to the postero-inferior angle is a well-
marked obtuse keel, which divides the valve into two almost equal triangular
portions : the lower and anterior is gently swollen; the upper and posterior is
compressed and somewhat concave, forming an expanded dorsal slope. Lunule
and escutcheon well marked. The latter is wide and deep, its edges angular.
Interiov.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small, rounded, situated
immediately within the antero-superior angle, and is marked off from the rest of
the valve below and behind by a well-marked ridge. The posterior muscle-scar is
larger, and is placed just within the postero-superior angle. ‘The pallial line is
simple. The hinge appears to have a thin elongate posterior lateral tooth, but the
anterior part has not yet been isolated.
356 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Evterior.—The surface is ornamented with many regular very fine lines of
growth, parallel to the contour of the shell. Shell thin.
Dimensions.—P1. XX XIX, fig. 35, a specimen from Poolvash, Isle of Man, in
the collection of Mr. R. Law, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : : . 16mm:
Dorso-ventrally 5 ; : . i2 mim
From side to side : | 8 mina:
Localities—England: the Carboniferous Limestone of Settle, Yorkshire; in
shale above the Underset Limestone, Faraday Gill, West Flank of the Nine
Standards, near Kirkby Stephen, and the Shelly Limestone of Poolvash, Isle of
Man.
Observations.—This species was described by de Ryckholt under the term
Trapezium anne, and was referred to Sanguinolites by de Koninck (op. supra cit.).
It has, however, a far greater affinity to O. Selysiana, the hinge of which has been
isolated, and on these grounds I have removed it to the genus Cypricardella. The
shape of the shell is peculiar, being almost a true lozenge. The oblique ridge is
more pronounced and more nearly vertical than in C. Selysiana, apparently dividing
the valve into two equal triangular portions. ‘he postero-superior angle is so
much produced backwards beyond the rest of the valve that the posterior margin
is obliquely truncate downwards and forwards, and the postero-inferior angle is
beneath the umbo.
I am inclined to think that the Nucula carinata of M‘Coy may have belonged
to this species. The type of this shell is still preserved in the Griffith Collection
of the Science and Art Museum, Dublin, but it is so imperfect and badly preserved
that I am unable to be absolutely certain as to what it really is. I have therefore
felt unable to adopt this name, which is prior to that of de Ryckholt.
CYPRICARDELLA RECTANGULARIS, M‘Coy, sp. Plate XXXIX, figs. 20—26.
? NUCULA RECTANGULARIS, J/‘Coy, 1844. Synops. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p: 71, pla
fio. 20.
Specific Characters.—Shell very inequilateral, transversely rectangular, com-
pressed, keeled. The anterior end is very short, and narrowed from above
downwards, being only about half the height of the other dorso-ventral diameters
of the valve. Its border is rounded, the antero-superior and inferior angles
being obsolete. The inferior border is nearly straight, almost parallel to the
hinge-line. The posterior border is truncate and nearly straight, almost vertical,
with well-marked postero-superior and inferior angles. The hinge-line is arched
in front, straight, somewhat raised, and produced posteriorly, as long as the
CYPRICARDELLA RECTANGULARIS. 357
antero-posterior diameter of the valve. ‘The umbones are small, contiguous, and
directed forwards, and placed very anteriorly, much elevated above the anterior
end, but not raised above the rest of the shell. The lunule is well marked,
and the escutcheon elongate and narrow. Passing downwards and backwards
obliquely from the umbo to the postero-inferior angle is an obtuse ridge, in front
of which the valve is shghtly convex, but behind it is rapidly compressed and
expanded, forming the dorsal slope.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small and round, placed
immediately within the antero-superior angle. The hinge of the right valve has
a single, central, cardinal tooth, with a socket on either side, a long, anterior,
lamellar tooth, and a smooth hinge-plate posteriorly bevelled at the expense of
its lower edge.
Heterior.—The surface is ornamented with fine, concentric, raised lines of
growth.
Dimensions.—Fig. 21, Pl. XXXIX, in the collection of Mr. J. Neilson, from
Gallowhill, Strathavon, measures—
Antero-posteriorly : 5 I ataai,
Dorgo-ventrally ; : : >) 0) name
From side to side ; oO mam
Localities —England : in a thick bed of calcareous shales, in the Faraday Guill,
above the Underset Limestone on the west flank of the Nine Standards, Kirkby
Stephen. Scotland: the Upper Limestone series of Orchard, and Wilhamswood ;
the Lower Limestone series of Craigen Glen, Campsie; Gallowhill, Strathavon.
Observations.—This species, I have every reason to believe, is that described
by Young and Armstrong in both their catalogues as Cypricardia rhombea,
to which, however, it has not the very slightest resemblance. C. rectangularis is
much less strongly marked with concentric ridges than C. concentrica, but is not
so smooth as 0. Annx; but the latter is at once distinguished by its square
shape, O. rectangularis always being oblong even in the very young. The stages
of growth are very well marked on the valves, and the protoconch has the same
shape as the full-grown shell.
Fortunately I have been able to obtain access to a specimen which shows the
hinge-plate and part of the interior, fig. 23, Pl. XX XIX. ‘This is in the collection
of Mr. J. Smith, of Kilwinning.
Notwithstanding the large size of the escutcheon, no trace of external ligament
is visible in the most perfect examples.
Nucula rectangularis, M‘Coy, is preserved in the Griffith Collection of the
Science and Art Museum, Dublin. It is a very small and poor specimen, but it
certainly has many of the characteristics of the better preserved Scotch examples.
M‘Coy’s description is far from accurate, and I cannot think that his observation
46
338 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
that the shell possessed hinge-teeth like Nucula can be correct. The shell is so
unlike this genus in every important character, and I feel certain that it should
be more correctly referred to Cypricardella. I have adopted M‘Coy’s name for
the Scotch shells with a certain amount of hesitation, for the poorness of the
type and the meagreness of the description make it impossible to be absolutely
certain as to its identity.
In England I have only obtained specimens of this species from a bed of shale very high up in
the Yoredale series of the Upper Hden Valley (loc. supra eit.). This shale has an interesting marine
fauna, and is exposed in a little stream marked on the map as the Faraday Gill, which carries off the
water from the west flank of the Nine Standards. The position of the shale is probably between the
Underset and the Main Limestones, but it may be really higher up in the series. The stratigraphical
succession is as follows, but some of the Limestones are evidently repeated by a fault.
Massive grit, forming top of hill. Thin coal smut. (Series continued.)
Shales, much obscured by peat. Shales.
Massive grit. Thin coal.
Sandy micaceous shales with fragments of Black shales.
marine shells. Sandstone.
Grit, soft and red, very fossiliferous, contain- Limestone, thick, with large corals.
ing Productus semireticulatus, P. cora, Spirt- Black and grey shales becoming calcareous,
fera trigonalis, Sp. lineata, Sp. glabra, Sp. very fossiliferous. With ©. rectangularis,
ovalis, Streptorhynchus crenistria, Athyris | etc.
ambigua, Bellerophon, s)., Pleurotomaria, sp. Limestone, thick; ? Underset Limestone.
Fine sandstones. Sandstone.
Thin sandy shales. Shales with stigmaria.
Muddy micaceous shales. Yellow stigmarian clay.
Chert. Thin sandstone.
Black cherty limestone. Shales.
Brown shales. Thin coal.
Sandstone, thick. Sandstone.
Sandy shales. Dark shales.
Sandstone full of plant remains. Slack sandstone with plant remains.
Sandstone, massive. Shales.
Shales, micaceous. | Limestone (? 8 yards limestone).
Limestone, thick white, with enerinites ; ¥ Main Sandstones.
Limestone. | Shales.
Sandstone. | Grit.
Shales. Shales.
Thin coals. _ Limestone (5 yards limestone).
Sandstone. Shale.
Sandy shales. Grit.
Black earthy shales. Shales.
Thin limestone. Coal.
Yarthy shales. Underclay.
Limestone. Grits.
Sandstone. Sandstones and shales.
Sandy shales. Limestone (scar or middle limestone).
Black shale with thin sources of sandstone
near the base.
CYPRICARDELLA ACUTICARINATA. 359
From the point near the shooting box the section is continued downwards in the stream, of
which details have also been given in the ‘ Memoir of the Geological Survey, Geology of the Country
round Mallerstang,’ p. 88. Two beds of Limestone are seen in the section, which are identified as
the Five Yards and the Middle Limestone, here full of Productus giganteus. This would make the
Limestone immediately below the fossiliferous shales the Underset, and would fix the horizon of that
band; but in a brook on the east side of Swarth Fell a series of fossiliferous shales are above the Main
Limestone, and the faunas of the two localities are very nearly identical, though this fact only points
to similarity of conditions under which the beds were deposited.
The following fossils occur with C. rectangularis :—Cypricardella Annex, Nuculana attenuata,
Ctenodonta sinuosa, Pecten, sp., Murchisonia, sp., Discites, sp., Productus semireticulatus, P. punc-
tatus, Spirifera trigonalis, Sp. ovalis, Athyris ambiqua, Streptorhynchus crenistria, Discina nitida,
stems of encrinites, and Phillipsia, sp.
CYPRICARDELLA ACUTICARINATA, Armstrong, sp., 1865. Pl. XXXIX, figs. 14—19.
CYPRICARDIA ACUTICARINATA, Armstrong, 1865. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow,
vol. 11, pt. 1, p. 28, pl. i, figs. 3, 3 a.
= — Young and Armstrong, 1871. Ibid., vol. ii, Sup-
plement, p. 50.
— = Armstrong, Young, and Robertson, 1876. Cat.
Western Scottish Fossils, p. 53.
= — Bigsby, 1878. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus,
p- 203.
SANGUINOLITES ACUTICARINATA, de Koninck, 1885. Ann. Mus. Roy. d’Hist. Nat.,
tom. xi, p. 63, pl. xv, figs. 48—50.
CYPRICARDIA ACUTICARINATA, HMtheridge, 1888. Brit. Foss., pt. 1, Paleozoic,
p- 282.
Specific Chavacters.—Shell subtrapezoidal, at times almost quadrate, very
inequilateral, strongly carinate. The anterior end is very short and low, and
compressed, its border rounded, much encroached upon above by the com-
paratively large lunule. The inferior border is convexo-concave, and terminates
posteriorly at a sharp-pointed projection where it meets the posterior border.
The posterior border is truncated, shghtly oblique from above downwards or
even vertical, concave above; it joins the posterior border with a well-marked
angle, which may project shghtly backwards.
The superior border is shorter than the antero-posterior diameter of the shell,
and appears to be straight for the greater part of its extent, but it is really
gently arcuate when examined “in the single valve.
The umbones are small, contiguous, pointed, twisted inwards and forwards,
and are situated very far forwards. Springing from the posterior edge of the
umbo is a very marked, raised, narrow, sharp, erect ridge, which passes obliquely
downwards and backwards to the postero-inferior angle, becoming more pro-
nounced as it passes across the shell. This ridge divides the valve into two
360 CARBONIFEROUS LAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
portions, of which the anterior is the larger, and this part of the valve is convexly
swollen. Posterior to the ridge the valve is so rapidly compressed as to be
coneave along the dorsal slope. he lunule is large and cordate; the escutcheon
large, deep, and elongate, deeper and wider behind than anteriorly.
Interior.—The anterior adductor muscle-scar is small and deep, situated
immediately within the anterior superior angle, and separated from the rest of the
shell by a ridge. The posterior adductor scar is small and shallow, situated at
the posterior superior angle some little distance from the margin. Pallial line
entire, very finely marked, and remote from the margin. The hinge consists in
the right valve of a single cardinal tooth with a shallow pit on each side, and an
elongate groove between two ridges posteriorly to receive the tooth of the
opposite valve. The left valve possesses a central pit for the cardinal tooth of
the right valve, with a rudimentary tooth on each side, and a single, long, lamellar
posterior tooth. Formula e ae = The inferior and posterior edges of the
b) oe 3
valve are finely serrate on the internal aspect, as in Astarte.
Heterior.—The surface is ornamented with very concentric, fine lines of
erowth, but here and there one of them becomes highly accentuated, especially
near the lower border. The umbonal region and the upper part of the valve are
almost smooth.
Dimensions —Fig. 18, Pl. XX XIX, a specimen from Orchard, in the collection
of Mr. J. Neilson, measures—
Antero-posteriorly . ' : > 11 mim:
Dorso-ventrally : . : . 7 mm.
From side to side : : . : 8 mm.
Localities—Seotland: the Upper Limestone series of Orchard; Linn Spout,
Dalry; Robroyston; Gare and Westerhouse, Carluke; Williamswood, Cathcart ;
Auchentibber, Kilwinning; Lower Limestone series, Law, Dalry.
Observations.—This species was described as occurring in Scottish Carboni-
ferous beds by Armstrong. It can be distinguished at once from all the smaller
species of the genus by the strong, acute, oblique keel, which gives the shell a
very characteristic contour when viewed from above. De Koninck has figured
this species apparently from the Limestone of Visé, but from his language there
appears to have been some doubt as to the locality. He says, ‘‘ Cette espéce
parait avoir été trouvée dans le Calcaire Carbonifére de Visé.”’
| have been fortunate enough to isolate the hinge in a left valve in the
collection of Mr. J. Smith, of Kilwinning, fig. 15, Pl. XXXIX. The other
details have been obtained from mere fragments; in hinge structure and internal
anatomy C. acuticarinata agrees entirely with those of C. ecrebricostata, of which
some fine and perfect valves have been obtained.
PAT Rexevals
Fig. 1.—Sedgwickia gigantea. M‘Coy’s type specimen preserved in the Griffith
Collection of the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. (Page 278.)
Fig. 2.—Sedgwickia gigantea. A full-grown, much crushed specimen. From
the Schizodus pentlandicus bed, Randerston, Fife. My Collection. (Page 278.)
Fig. 3.—Sedqwickia gigantea. A cast of the interior. From Magazine,
Midlothian. My Collection. (Page 278.)
Fig. 4.—Sedgwickia scotica. A very fineexample. From the McDonald Lime-
stone beds of Muirkirk. In the Collection of Mr. Adam Whyte, of Muirkirk.
(Page 2383.)
Fig. 4a.—Sedgwickia scotica. 'The same specimen viewed from above.
Fig. 5.—NSedgwichkia scotica. A medium-sized example. From the Lower
Limestone series of Bath. In the Collection of Mr. J. Neilson. (Page 283.)
Fig. 6.—Sedgwickia scotica. A larger specimen. From the same locality at
Muirkirk. My Collection. (Page 283.)
Fig. 7.— Sedgwichia scotica. A specimen with the anterior concentric lines of
growth very well preserved. From Beith. My Collection. (Page 283.)
Fig, 8.—Sedqwickia ovata. A portion of a cast of a right valve, showing the
anterior adductor muscle-scar. From the Redesdale Ironstone. My Collection.
(Page 281.)
Fig. 9.—Sedgwickia ovata. A fairly perfect bivalve example. Same locality.
My Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 9 a.—Sedqwickia ovata. The same specimen viewed from above.
Fig. 10.—Sedgwickia ovata. A specimen of a testiferous right valve of
average size. Same locality. My Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 11.—Sedqwickia ovata. A specimen from the Scorpion beds of Glen-
cartholne, Eskdale. My Collection. (Page 281.)
PA eve
A.H Searle delet lth
Mintern Bros imp
0
‘
PLATE XXVII.
Fig. 1.—Sedgwichkia ovata. Arvight valve, showing the characteristic markings
in front. From the Redesdale Ironstone. My Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 1 w.—Sedgwickia ovata. The same shell, showing the hinge with a small
median cardinal tooth.
Fig. 2.—Sedgwickia ovata. A left valve with the shell removed posteriorly,
showing the posterior adductor muscle-scar and pallial lime. Same locality. My
Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 3.—Sedgwickia ovata. A right valve with most of the test preserved.
Same locality. My Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 4.—Sedgwickia ovata. A young specimen of the left valve. Same
locality. My Collection. (Page 281.)
Fig. 5.—Sedgwickia suborbicularis. A testiferous left valve. From Pot Metal
Plantation, Kirkaldy. In the Collection of the Geological Survey of Scotland.
(Page 284.)
Fig. 6.—Sedgwickia suborbicularis. A full-grown left valve. From Inverteel
Quarry, Kirkaldy. Same Collection. (Page 284.)
Fig. 7.—Sedgwickia swborbicularis. A young example. From Hope Quarry,
Pathhead, Haddingtonshire. Same Collection. (Page 284.)
Fig. 8.—Sedgwickia suborbicularis. A testiferous right valve, showing erosion
of the umbo. The same locality and Collection as Fig. 6. (Page 284.)
Fig. 9.—Sedqwickia attenuata. M‘Coy’s type. A right valve. Preserved in
the Griffith Collection of the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin. (Page 285.)
Fig. 10.—Sedgwickia gigantea. The type of M‘Coy’s Dolabra securiformis. A
cast of both valves. Same Collection. (Page 278.)
Fig. 11.—Sedgwickia attenuata. The cast of aright valve. From Calcareous-
grit, Pulse Hill, near Marsden. My Collection. (Page 285.)
Fig. 12.—Sedgwichia attenuata. The cast of both valves. Same locality. My
Collection. (Page 285.)
Figs. 138, 14. Sedgwickia attenuata. Casts. Same locality. My Collection.
(Page 285.)
Fig. 15.—Hdmondia rudis. A perfectly preserved cast of the interior. From
the Carboniferous Limestone of Castleton, Derbyshire. In the Collection of
Mr. J. Barnes, F.G.8. (Page 302.)
Fig. 15 a.—Kdmondia rudis. The same specimen viewed from above, showing
the grooves of the lamelle attached to the hinge-plate.
Fig. 16.—Hdmondia unioniformis. From the Carboniferous Limestone of
Tournay, Belgium, showing the edentulous hinge, 16a, and at 160 the hinge
viewed from below. (Page 291.)
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PLATE XXVIII.
Fig. 1.—Hdmondia unioniformis. The type of Phillips's Isocardon unioniformis.
Preserved in the Gilbertson Collection of the Natural History Museum, South
Kensington. (Page 291.)
Fig. 1 a.—Hdmondia unioniformis. The same specimen viewed from above.
Fig. 2.—Hdmondia unioniformis. A perfectly-preserved specimen (a cast).
From Tomdeeby, Limerick. In the Collection of the Geological Survey of Ireland.
(Page 291.)
Fig. 2 a.—The same specimen viewed from above.
Fig. 3.—Hdmondia unioniformis. =
PLATE XXXI.
Fie. 1.—Hdmondia Lyellii. A bivalve specimen, from Beith, showing the
anterior adductor muscle-scar. In the Collection of Mr. R. Craig, of Beith.
(Page 300.)
Fig. la.—Hdmondia Lyellii. A portion of the shell of the same specimen,
magnified to show the punctate markings on the surface.
Fig. 2.—Hdmondia Lyellii.
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